52-0 bulletin of the us ISSN: 0025-4231 Tftacylanb f>ecpetological ©ocicty DEPARTMENT OF HERPETOLOGY THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF MARYLAND, INC. VICZ LIBRARY FEB 1 3 2015 HARVARD UNIVERSITY MDHS . A Founder Member of the Eastern Seaboard Herpetological League JANUARY-DECEMBER 201 2 VOLUME 48 NUMBER S 1 -4 BULLETIN OF THE MARYLAND HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 CONTENTS Notes on Reproduction of the Lesser Earless Lizard, Holbrookia maculata (Squamata: Phryno- somatidae), from New Mexico Stephen R. Goldberg . 1 Reproduction in the Western Whiptail, Aspidoscelis tigris (Squamata: Teiidae) from Sonora, Mexico Stephen R. Goldberg . 6 Addendum to The Amphibians and Reptiles of Erie County, Pennsylvania Brian S. Gray and Mark Lethaby . 1 1 BULLETIN OF THE mbbs MCZ LIBRARY FEB 1 3 2015 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 The Maryland Herpetological Society Department of Herpetology, Natural History Society of Maryland, Inc. President Tim Hoen Executive Editor Herbert S. Harris, Jr. Steering Committee Jerry D. Hardy, Jr. Herbert S. Harris, Jr. Tim Hoen Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-93458 Membership Rates Membership in the Maryland Herpetological Society is $25.00 per year and includes the Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society. For¬ eign is $35.00 per year. Make all checks payable to the Natural History Society of Maryland, Inc. Meetings Meetings are held monthly and will be announced in the “Maryland Herpetological Society” newsletter and on the website, www.maryland- nature.org. Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 4 mm) or o\ iductal eggs were counted, no histology was perl'ormed on them. An unpaired /-lest was used to test for differences between male and female SVLs. Results There was no significant difference in mean SVL between males and females (unpaired /-test, c//= 32, / = 0.60, P = 0.56). Three stages were noted in the testicular cycle ( 1 ) regression; germinal epithelium in the seminiferous tubules consists of 1-2 layers of spermatogonia with interspersed Sertoli cells; (2) recrudescence; a proliferation of germ cells is noted, primary sper¬ matocytes predominate; (3) spermiogcncsis; sperm formation is in progress. Seminiferous tubules are lined by sperm or clusters of metamorphosing spermatids. Monthly stages in the H. maculata testicular cycle are in I’able 1 . 'fhe period of sperm formation encompassed April through August. The appearance of two August males with regressed testes likely indicate the testicular cN cle was coming to an end. The smallest reproductivel}' active male (spermiogenesis in progress) measured 48 mm SVL (LACM 66536) and was collected in June. Smaller males (LACM 4181, SVL = 38 mm; LACM 4182, SVL = 42 mm) exhibited recrudescence and were considered to be subadults. Four stages were observed in the ovarian cycle of H. maculata from New Mexico: (1) quiescent, no yolk deposition; (2) early yolk deposition, basophilic yolk granules in ooplasm; (3) enlarged ovarian follicles > 4 mm; (4) oviductal eggs. Monthly stages in the ovarian cycle are in Table 2. The period of ovarian activity encompassed June through August. The presence of two July females with oviductal eggs and concurrent yolk deposition for a subsequent clutch indicates H. maculata may produce multiple clutches in the same season. Mean clutch size for five clutches was 5.8 ± 3.0 SD, range = 4-11. The smallest reproductively active females measured 49 mm SVL (LACM 66530, 66535) and were collected in June. One smaller female (SVL = 43 mm) collected in April, had quiescent ovaries and was considered to be a subadult (LACM 4187). Discussion My histological finding of H. maculata August males with regressed testes supports the gross observation of Walker (1965) that testes of H. maculata from Texas underwent regression in size during late August and September. Based on the presence of males undergoing spermiogenesis, H. maculata from New Mexico breed from April into August. This coincides with the finding of Walker (1965) that in Texas the first female with oviductal eggs was observed May 2 and the last August 15. Walker (1965) considered 45 mm SVL as the minimum size for H. maculata sexual maturity in males and females from Texas. In Nebraska, reproductive females ranged from 42-59 Table 1. Monthly stages in the testicular cycle of 23 Holhrookia maculata from New Mexico. Month n Regressed Spermiogenesis April 2 0 2 Ma> 4 0 4 June 7 0 7 July 6 1 5 August 4 2 2 page 2 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 mm SVL (Droge et al., 1982). Jones and Ballinger ( 1987) reported the minimum size for H. ntacit- lata female reproduetion in Nebraska was 41 mm SVL. My smallest reproduetively aetive female trom New Mexieo measured 49 mm SVL. However, this relatively large size for female maturity may be due to my small sample size. Clennart) ( 1974) reported a reeaptured //. niacitUiia female Irom New Mexieo that produeed two egg elulehes. 1 ha\ e jn'ON ided hislologieal information herein that H. niaciihita produees multiple elutehes in New Mexieo. Droge et al. ( 1982) and Jones and Ballinger (1987) similarly reported H. niaciihita in Nebraska produeed two elutehes. fhe period ot egg deposition for H. niacitluta ended earlier in the north, June in Kansas (Collins et al., 2010), July in Nebraska and Wyoming (Ballinger et al., 2010; Lewis, 201 1) as oppo.sed to August in the south in New Mexieo. Four H. imicuhita of neonate size (mean SVL = 25.8 mm ± 2.6 SD, range = 23-28 mm) were eolleeted in August. Their size is eomparable to pre\ ions reports for neonates of this speeies (Degenhardt et al., 1996) and their eolleetion date (August) is in aeeordance with their appearanee in other populations of H. niaciiUita (Ballinger et al., 2010). In eonelusion, H. niaciilata exhibits a reprodueti\c eyele typieal of main other mid- temperate zone lizards in hax ing a spring-summer period of sperm formation (spermiogenesis) and produetion of multiple egg elutehes (Fiteh, 1970). Of most interest is the geographie variation in reproduetion exhibited by H. maculata as eluteh sizes inereased southward and nearU doubled in Arizona as eompared to Nebraska (Fitch, 1985) and the period of egg deposition w as longer in the south. Acknowledgment I thank G. Pauley (LACM) for permission to examine H. maculata. Table 2. Monthl} stages in the ovarian cycle of 1 1 Holbrookia maculata from New Mexieo. * = two July females with oviductal eggs and eoneurrent yolk deposition; ** = one August female w ith damaged enlarged oocytes. Number of eggs in the eluteh could not be counted. Month n Quiescent Early yolk deposition Enlarged follicles > 4 mm Oviductal eggs June 4 1 1 2 0 July 2 0 0 0 p* August 5 3 0 1 ** 1 Literature Cited Ballinger, R.E., J.D. Lynch, and G.T. Smith. 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska. Rusty Lizard Press, Oro Valley. Arizona. 400 pp. Behicr. J.L., and F.W. King. 1979. National Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and am¬ phibians. Alfred A. Knopf. New York. 743 pp. Bulletin of the Marylantd Herpetological Society page 3 January-December 2012 Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 Brennan, T.S., and A.T. Holycross. 2006. A Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles in Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. 150 pp. Collins, J.T., S.L. Collins and T.W. Taggart. 2010. Amphibians, reptiles, and turtles in Kansas. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain, Utah. 312 pp. Degenhardt, W.G., C.W. Painter, and A.H. Price. 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuqucrc|ue. 43 1 pp. Dixon, J.R. 1967. Aspects of the biology of the lizards of the White Sands, New Mexico. Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Contributions to Science 1 29; 1 - 22. Droge, D.L., S.M. Jones, and R.E. Ballinger. 1 982. Reproduction of Holhrookia inaculata in western Nebraska. Copeia 1 982:356- 362. Fitch, H.S. 1970. Reproductive cycles in lizards and snakes. University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications 52:1-247. 1 985. Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles. University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publication 76:1-76. Fogell, D. 2010. A Reid guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska. University of Nebraska, Lincoln. 157 pp. Gchibach, F.R. 1965. Herpetology of the Zuni Mountains region. Northwestern New Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1 16 (3505):243-332. Gehibach, F.R., and B.B. Collette. 1959. Distributional and biological notes on the Nebraska herpetofauna. Herpeto- logica 15:141-143. Gennaro, A. L. 1 974. Growth, size, and age at sexual maturity of the lesser earless lizard, Holhrookia inaculata. inaculata in eastern New Mexico. Hcrpctologica 30:85-90. Jones, S. M., and R. E. Ballinger. 1 987. Comparative I ife histories of Holhrookia inaculata and Sceloporus undulatus in western Nebraska. Ecology 68:1828-1838. Lewis, D. 201 1. A Reid guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Wyoming. The Wyoming Naturalist, Douglas, Wyoming. 183 pp. page 4 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Parker, W.S. 1973. Notes on reproduetion of some lizards from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Utah. Herpetologiea 29:258-264. Presnell, J.K., and M.P. Schreibman. 1997. Humason's Animal Tissue Techniques, 5th Bdit. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 572 pp. Rosenblum E.B., D. Burkett, and R. Blaine. 2009. Common lesser earless lizard, Holhrookia nuiculata Pp. 154-157. hi: L.L. C. Jones and R. E. Lovich, editors. Lizards of the American Southwest; A photographic held guide. Tucson, Arizona: Rio Nuevo Publishers. Smith, H.M. 1946. Handbook of lizards, lizards of the United States and Canada. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca. 557pp. Stcbbins, R.C. 1954. Amphibians and reptiles of western North America. McGraw-Hill, New York. 536 pp. 2003. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Houghton Miffiin, Boston. 533 pp. Walker, A.L 1965. Reproduction in the little earless lizard, Holhrookia nuiculata niaciikita. Unpublished Master of Seience Thesis, Texas Technological College, Lub¬ bock. 32 pp. Williamson, M.A., PW. Hyder and J.S. Applegarth. 1994. Snakes, lizards, turtles, frogs, toads and salamanders of New Mexico. Sun- stone Press, Santa Ee. 176 pp. Stephen R. Goldberg, Biology Department, Whittier College, PO Box 634, Whittier, CA 90608, sgoldherg(ih,whittier.edii. Received: 21 October 2012 Accepted: 1 Noveniber 20 1 2 Appendix Holhrookia nuiculata from New Mexico examined (by count}) from the herpetolog\ collection of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, California (LACM). Catron LACM 95203; Chaves LACM 4 1 75. 4 1 76, 66528, 66529, 66530; CTirry LACM 66536, 66537; DeHaea LACM 66532. 66533, 665.34. 66535; Dona Ana LACM 4177. 1 13389. 1 13390; Grant LACM 4180, 126928; (Jiiadeloiipe LACM 4172, 4173. 53600. 53601; Hidalgo LACM 4 1 8 1 , 4 1 82. 4 1 83, 4 1 84, 41 86, 4 1 87, 4 1 88. 95204, 95205, 1 26639; Idneoln LACM 4 1 78; I.una LACM 95206, 1 1 3395, 1 1 3396, 1 1 3.397; Otero LACM 4 1 1 5. 4 1 1 6. 4 1 2 1 ; Soeorro LACM 53589, 5359 1 , 53594, 53595, 53598; Torrance LACM 4 1 70, 4171. Bulletin of the Marylantd Herpetological Society page 5 Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Reproduction in the Western Whiptail, Aspidoscelis tigris (Squamata: Teiidae) from Sonora, Mexico Stephen R. Goldberg Abstract I'he rcproducti\ e c\cle of Aspidoscelis tigris I'rom Sonora, Mexico was studied by a histological examination of museum specimens. Spermiogenesis (sperm formation) commenced in March. The smallest reproductively active male measured 53 mm SVL. Females were repro- ductively active from April through August. Mean clutch size was 2.6 ± 0.64 SD, range = 2-4. The smallest reproductively active female (enlarged follicles >4 mm) measured 60 mm SVL. Females may produce multiple clutches in the same reproducti\'c season. The reproductixe cycle of A. tigris from Sonora, Mexico is similar to southern populations of this species, both in being relativeU' long in duration, and in the production of multiple clutches in the same reproductive season. Aspidoscelis tigris (Baird and Girard, 1852) occurs from north central and southeast Oregon and southern Idaho, south through the Great Basin and California to Baja California and southern Coahuila. east to western Colorado, New Mexico and west Texas (Stebbins. 2003). In Sonora, it is common in the Sonoran Desert, where it occurs from the San Luis Ri'o Colorado east to Pilarcs de Nacozari and south along the coastal plain and lower foothills to Sinaloa, Mexico ( Rorabaugh, 2008). There are previous detailed studies on A. tigris reproduction as (Cneniidophoriis tigris) from different parts of its range including: Arizona (Goldberg and Lowe, 1 966. Parker, 1 972. Vitt and Ohmait. 1 977); California (Goldberg, 1 976); Idaho (Burkholder and Walker. 1 973); Nevada (Turner et al., 1969). Pianka ( 1970), in his classic study on the autecology of A. tigris, summarized mating activities of this species from northern versus southern populations. To my knowledge, the only information on the reproduction of /\. tigris from Sonora, Mexico is a report of mean clutch sizes (2.25) for 16 females in Fitch (1985). In this paper, I report on the reproductive biology of A. tigris from Sonora, Mexico utilizing data on a histological examination of gonads from museum specimens, d'his report is one of several ongoing studies in w hich 1 examine interpopulation \ ariation in reproduction in different lizard species from western North America, see for example Goldberg (2012). Because of the difficulty of obtaining permits for monthly collections of lizard samples, utilization of museum collections for obtaining reproductive data has become increasingly important. Methods A sample of 151 A. tigris consisting of 100 males (mean SVL = 76.7 mm ± 9.8 SD, range = 53-98 mm), 33 females (mean SVL = 74.3 mm ± 6.7 SD. range = 60-88 mm), 1 8 Juveniles (mean SVL = 44.7 ± 4.8 SD, range = 36-52 mm) collected in Sonora. Mexico during 1953-1982 was examined. Specimens had been deposited in the herpetology collection of the Natural Hislor\ Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM), Los Angeles. California (Appendix). The snout-vent length (SVL) of each specimen was measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior margin of the vent to the nearest mm. A small incision was made in the lower part of the abdomen and the left gonad was removed for histological examination. Gonads were embed¬ ded in paraffin and sections were cut at 5 /mi and stained with Flarris hematoxylin followed by eosin counterstain (Presnell and Schreibman. 1997). Histology slides were deposited in LACM. Enlarged follicles (> 4 mm) or oviductal eggs were counted, no histology was performed on them. An unpaired /-test was used to test for differences between male and female SVLs; the relationship between female body size (SVL) and clutch size was examined by linear regression analysis using Instat 3 (Graphpad Software, San Diego, CA). page 6 Bulletin of the Marylantj Herpetological Society Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 There was no signifieant size clitTerenee between adult mean male and female body sizes (SVL) unpaired Mesl, clf= 1 30, /= 1 .44, f’ = 0. 1 5. Monthly stages in the testieular e\ele are in fable 1 . Three stages of the testicular cycle were present: ( 1 ) recrudescence, a proliferation of germ cells lor the next period of spermiogenesis (sperm formation) is under way. Primary spermatocytes are the predominant cells; (2) spermiogenesis, lumina of the seminiferous tubules are lined by sperm or clusters of metamorphosing spermatids; (3) regressed, germinal epithelium is exhausted; seminifer¬ ous tubules contain spermatogonia and interspersed Sertoli cells. Males were reproductive!) active Irom March to August. No September males were examined so the duration of sperm production tor A. ti^ris males in Sonora, Mexico is unknown, fhe smallest reproductively active male (sper¬ miogenesis in progress) measured 53 mm SVL and was collected in April (LACM 100589). One male from April which measured 48 mm in SVL contained a regressed testis (LACM 53429) and was considered a sub-adult. It thus appears 53 mm SVL is close to the minimum size for maturity for A. tigris from Sonora, Mexico. lable 1. Monthl) stages in the testicular cycl e of Aspidoscelis tigris f rom Sonora, Mexico. Month n Regressed Recrudescence Spermiogenesis March 2 0 1 1 April 17 0 1 16 Max 8 0 0 8 June 22 0 0 22 July 39 0 0 39 August 13 1 0 12 Monthly stages in the ovarian cycle are in Table 2. Five stages were present; (1 ) qui¬ escent, no yolk deposition in progress; (2) early yolk deposition, basophilic vitellogenic granules in ooplasm; (3) enlarged ovarian follicles (> 4 mm); (4) oviductal eggs; (5) oviductal eggs with concurrent yolk deposition for a subsequent clutch. Females were reproductively active from April through August (Table 2). No September females were examined so the duration of reproduction for A. tigris females in Sonora, Mexico is unknown. Mean clutch size (n = 25) was 2.6 ± 0.64 SD, range = 2-4. The smallest reproductively active female (follicles > 4 mm) measured 60 mm SVL and was collected in August (LACM 50776). The presence of two females with oviductal eggs and concurrent yolk deposition for a subsequent clutch (LACM 25139, collected in June; LACM 25882, collected in July) indicate A. tigris may produce multiple clutches in the same \ear in Sonora, Mexico. A linear regression analysis for 25 gravid A. tigris females re\ ealed the relation¬ ship between female size (SVL) and clutch size was not significant {r = 0.39, P = 0.05). This mav rellect my samples being collected in different years. Vitt and Ohmart (1977) reported clutch size was loosely correlated to SVL for A. tigris from Arizona. However, there was a significant positive correlation between clutch size and body size (P < .01 ) for A. tigris in the San Ciabriel Mountains, Los Angeles, California (Goldberg. 1976). Discussion Aspicloscelis tigris has been the subject of reproductive studies in different parts of its geographic range (Table 3). In the north (Idaho. Burkholder and Walker. 1973; Colorado, McCoy and Hoddcnbach, 1966; Utah. Andre and MacMahon, 1980) and at high elevations (California, Goldberg, 1976) where the activity season is limited, the reproductive period is of short duration. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 7 Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Table 2. Monthly stages in the ovarian cycle of Aspicloscelis ti^ris from Sonora. Mexico; ** = two females with enlarged damaged follicles, clutches could not be counted. Month April June July August n Quiescent Early yolk deposition Enlarged follicles > 4 mm Oviductal eggs Oviductal eggs and yolk deposition 9 2 1 3 3 0 7 0 2 2 2 1 21 2 3 11** 4 1 3 0 0 3 0 0 In comparison, southern populations of A. tigris which have a longer activity season exhibit an extended reproductive period (Arizona, Parker, 1972; Vitt and Ohmart. 1977). The report of Fautin ( 1946) that A. tigris (as Cnemidophonis tesellatus) in Utah had an average clutch of 6.7 eggs (range = 5- 9) requires verification. According to Pianka (1970), there is a fairly short breeding cycle in northern areas and at least two periods of breeding each year in the southernmost populations; mat¬ ing activities were observed during May and early June. Parker (1973) concurred in his report as the A. tigris female reproductive period was short in Utah, (oviductal females in one month), long in Arizona (ox iductal females in three months), and intermediate in duration in New Mexico and Texas (oviductal females in two months). My value of 2.6 ± 0.64 SD, range = 2-4 for 25 females Table 3. Activity season, clutch size and range and number of clutches for different populations of Aspidoscelis tigris. Author Location Activity season Clutch size, range Number clutches Burkholder and Walker. 1973 Idaho May-September 2.7, 2-4 1 McCoy and Hoddenbach. 1966 Colorado May-August 3.4 1 Andre and MacMahon. 1980 Utah April-July 3.1. 2-5 1-7 Turner etal. 1969 Nevada April-August 2-4 1-2 Goldberg and Lowe, 1966 Arizona April-September 2 7 Parker. 1972 Arizona March-August 2.1. 1-4 2 Vitt and Ohmart, 1977 Arizona March-October 2.9. 105 1-2? Goldberg. 1976 California, high elevation May-September 4.1. 2-7 1-2 McCoy and Hodcnbach. 1966 Texas April-August 2.2 2 Goldberg, this paper Sonora, Mexico March- September? 2.6. 2-4 1-2 page 8 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 ot A. figris tri)m Sonora. Mexico is slightly higher than the 2.3 of Fitch ( I9K5) for 16 females from Sonora. 1 he extended reproductive c)'ele of A. ligris in southern populations ( fable 3) supports the claim of Fitch ( 1970) that in warm-temperate and subtropical regions, breeding seasons tend to be lengthened. Acknowlecl^Jmeiit 1 thank G. Pauley (LACM) for permission to examine A. tigris. Literature Cited .Andre, J.B., and J.A. MaeMahon. 1 980. Reproduction in three s) mpatrie lizard species from west-central I Itah. Great Basin Naturalist 40:68-72. Burkholder, G.L., and J.M. Walker. 1 973. Habitat and reproduction of the desert whiptail lizard, Cnemidophonis tigris Baird and Girard in southwestern Idaho at the northern part of its range. Herpetologiea 29:76-83. Fautin, R.W. 1946. Biotic communities of the northern desert shrub biome in western Utah. Ecological Monographs 16:251-310. Fitch, H.S. 1970. Reproductive cycles in lizards and snakes. University of Kansas Museum of Natural Hi.story, Miscellaneous Publication 52:1-247. Fitch, H.S. 1985. Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publication 76:1-76. Goldberg, S.R. 1976. Reproduction in a mountain population of the coastal whiptail lizard, Cnemidophonis tigris inidtiscntams. Copcia 1976:260-266. (ioldberg, S.R. 2012. Reproduction of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stanshnriana (Phrynosoma- tidae) from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Sonoran Herpetologist 25:97-99. Goldberg, S.R., and C.H. Lowe. 1 966. The reproductive cycle of the western whiptail lizard ^Cnemidophonis tigris) in southern Arizona. Journal of Morphology 1 18:543-548. McCoy, C.J., and G.A. Hoddenbach. 1966. Geographic variation in ovarian cycles and clutch size in Cnemidophonis tigris (Tciidae). Science 1 54: 1671-1 672. Parker, W.A. 1 972. Ecological study of the western whiptail lizard, Cnemidophonis tigris gracilis, in Arizona. Herpetologiea 28:360-369. Bulletin of the Marylanid Herpetological Society page 9 Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Parker, W.S. 1973. Notes on reproduction of some lizards from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah. Herpetologica 29:258-264. Pianka. E.R. 1970. Comparative autccology of the lizard Cneinidoplioriis tigris in different parts of its geographic range. Ecology 5 1 : 703-720. Prcsncll, J.K., and M.P. Schreibman. 1 997. Humason’s Animal Tissue Techniques, 5iii Edit. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Rorabaugh. J.C. 2008. An introduction to the herpetofauna of mainland Sonora, Mexico with com¬ ments on conservation and management. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 40:20-65. Stebbins, R.C. 2003. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, third edit., Houghton Mifflin, Company, Boston. 533 pp. . Turner. F.B., P.A.Medica. J.R. Lannom.Jr. and G.A. Hoddenbach. 1 969. A demographic analysis of fenced populations of the whiptail lizard, Cneini- dophorus tigris. in southern Nevada. Southwestern Naturalist 14:189-201. Vitt. L.J., and R.D. Ohmart. 1 977. Ecology and reproduction of Lower Colorado River lizards: II. Cneniidoplio- rns tigris (Teiidae), with comparisons. Herpetologica 33:223-234. Stephen R. Goldberg, Biology Department, Whittier College, PO Bo.x 634, Whittier, CA 90608, sgoldberg@whittier.edn. Received: 5 October 20 1 2 Accepted: 1 November 2012 Appendix 1 . Aspidoscelis tigris from Sonora, Mexico examined from the herpetology collection of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM), Los Angeles, CA. LACM: 6765-6767, 7 1 1 5, 90 1 7, 90 1 9, 902 1 . 9023, 9025, 9026. 25 1 33, 25 1 34, 25 1 36- 225142, 25144-25146, 25148, 25149. 25344. 25862-25886. 50776, 53403. 53404. 53406-53408. 53410-53412. 53414, 53416, 53417, 53420. 53423-53427. 53429-53431. 53433, 53434, 53436. 53437, 53439, 53440-53444, 53448. 53450-53452, 53455, 53458, 53460, 53465. 53466, 53471- 5.3474, 5.3479. 5.3481 5.3482, 53491, 5.3494-5.3496. 53.501, 53.504. 53.507, 53509, 53513. 67.347, 100582. 100584-100587, 100589. 100591-100598, 100600, 100601, 115681. 115689. 115690, 131836. 131837. 131839-131853, 131860, 1.34651-1.34654, 1.34657, 1.34658. 1.3689.3. page 10 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Addendum to The Amphibians and Reptiles of Erie County, Pennsylvania Brian S. Gray and Mark Lethahy Since the publication of our summary regarding the status of Ehic County. Pennsylvania's amphibians and reptiles (Gray and Lethaby 2008), additional specimens, observations, and literature ha\ e eome to light. It is the purpose of this paper to augment the previous publication by I ) pro\ iding new tow nship records. 2) summarize information from the literature regarding the natural hislor} of select species. 3) listing additional museum specimens collected from Erie County, and 4) to update the bibliography. We have made every effort to amend any errors and omissions of the previous work. Only species for whieh new information has been obtained are included in this addendum. Two museums not included in the previous work. Cornell University (CUMV) and Yale University, Peabody Mu.seum of Natural History (YPM) were found to have specimens collected from Erie County, Pennsylvania (HerpNet 2008). Specimens in these collections were not person¬ ally examined by us. In addition to these, the Tom Ridge Environmental Center at Presque Isle has obtained additional Erie County specimens, and one of the authors (BG), has acquired additional shed snakeskins from the County. Since the 2008 publication, the web address for the Pennsylvania Online Herpetological .4tlas has changed to: www.paherpatlas.org. Amphibians Kastern Hellbender, Cryptobranchns alleganiensis alleganiensis. Cornell University contains a specimen (CUMV 3495) from French Creek in Mill Village. Miidpuppy, Nectnriis macnlosns macnlosns. Wellington (2009) put foilh a summary of concerns regarding the Mudpuppy in the Lake Erie watershed. He drew particular attention to the possible threat posed by the invasive Round Goby, Neogohins nielanostonins on Mudpuppy populations. Additional specimens: TREC-A()()()59. .FofTcrsoii Salamander, Ainhystonia jeffersonianinn. In our prev ious publication, we erroneously reported A. jeffersonianinn from North East Township. The .letterson Salamander has only been found in Amity, Harborcreek, Millcreek. and Union fownships. An egg mass from Asbury Woods. Millcreek Township was 49.5 mm x 27.5 mm. and contained 24 eggs, four of which contained dead embryos. Gray and Lethaby (2010) reported a wild caught adult with polymelia (i.e. extra limb) from Erie County. Additional specimens: TRIiC-A 00058. Spotted Salamander, Anthysfonia niarnlafinn. We found an exceptionally patterned indiv idual, with unusually dense spotting and orange coloration in the head spots, (Figure I ) on 30 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 11 Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Sepl 2010 in Amity I'ownship. Spotted Salamanders with orange spots on the head are uncommon in Erie County. Gray and Lethaby (2010) reported on a recent metamorph from Asbury Woods in Millereek Township which had truncated limbs. Additional specimens; TREC-A 00043; TREC-A 00064; TREC-A 00072. Eastern Red-spotted Newt, Notophthalmiis viridescens viridescens. An eft was found under a log at Asbury Woods in Millereek Township on 2 1 November 2010, the latest date for which this species has been observed in Erie County. Additional specimens; TREC-A 00044. Northern Dusky Salamander, Desniognadius fiisciis fiisciis. On 21 November 2010. a Northern Dusky Salamander was found beneath a log in the oxbow region of Asbury Woods in Millereek Township. This instance represents the latest date of observation for this species in Erie County. The Yale University Peabody Museum of Natural History has two specimens from Erie County; YPM 3784 and YPM 3785. Additional specimens; TREC-A 00047. Allegheny Dusky Salamander, Desmognadius ochrophaeus ochrophaeiis. An uncom¬ mon pattern occurs in a population at Asbury Woods in Millereek Township. Of 74 Allegheny Dusky Salamanders observed at the site, two (2.7%) adult males were melanistic with extensive blue flecking (Gray 2009e.). We found an Allegheny Dusky Salamander along Fourmile Creek in Harborcreek Township on 26 November 2011, which represent the latest observation of this spe¬ cies in Erie County. Yale University Peabody Museum of Natural Histoi^ has two specimens from Erie County; YPM 3786 and YPM 3787. Additional specimens; TREC-A 00069; TREC-A 00074. Northern Redback Salamander, Pletliodon cinereiis. We found a Northern Redback Salamander along Fourmile Creek in Harborcreek Township on 26 November 2011, which represent the latest observation of this species in Erie County. Additional specimens; TREC-A 00066. Northern Slimy Salamander, Plediodon gliitinosus. The Yale University Peabody Mu¬ seum of Natural History contains specimens from Fairview Township (YPM 3779-3783). Additional specimens; TREC-A 00067; TREC-A 00068. Four-toed Salamander, Heinidactylium scutatiim. The latest date of obser\ ation is extended to 29 October based on a specimen observed by BG in 2009 at Asbury Woods, Millereek Township. Additional specimens; TREC-A 00045. Northern Spring Salamander, Gyrinophilus porpliyriticiis porphyriticHs. fhe Yale University Peabody Museum of Natural History contains a specimen collected from Eairxiew Township (YPM 3778). Northern Red Salamander, Pseiidotriton ruber ruber. Surface (1913) reports a speci¬ men from Waterford. We found a larva in a small stream at SGL 192 on 21 May 201 1 which cor- roborates Surface’s record. page 12 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society January-December 2012 Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 Additional specimens: TF^EC-A ()()()73. Northern Two-lined Salamander, Enrycea hislincata. We found a specimen along Four- mile Creek in Harborereek Township on 26 November 201 1 , which represents the latest observation of this species in Erie County. Additional specimens; TREC-A ()()()48. Eastern American load, Amisynis cunericaniis americanus. Surface ( 1913) reports a speeimen from Cranesville, Elk Creek Township. Two specimens (YPM 3901 and 3902) from Erie County are in the Yale University Peabody Museum of Natural History. Additional specimens; TREC-A 00034; TREC-A 00036; TREC-A 00040. Fowler’s Toad, Anaxyrus fowler i. Additional speeimens; TREC-A 00060. Northern Spring Peeper, Pseudacris crucifer crucifer. Two Northern Spring Peepers were heard ealling 22 November 2009, east of the Erie International Airport in Millcreek Township. The air temperature w as 33° F and the sky was mostly sunny. This is the latest date for which this species is known to be active in Erie County. A photograph of a Northern Spring Peeper from Asbury Woods was included in an issue of Eric Reader (Gray 201 Ic); a photograph of another Northern Spring Peeper from Presque Isle by Sam Stull appears in Walker (2000). Additional specimens; TREC-A 00071. (liray Treefrog, Hyla versicolor. In adjacent Crawford County, the Gray Treefrog has been heard calling as early as 1 1 April (pers. obs. 2010). A photograph of a Gray Treefrog tadpole from Millcreek Tow nship appears in Gray (201 If). Additional specimens; TREC-A 00042; TREC-A 00065. Bullfrog, Lithobates catesheianus. A photograph of a Bullfrog tadpole from Presque Isle appears in Gray (201 If). Additional specimens: TREC-A 00035; TREC-A 00037; TREC-A 00038. (ircen Frog, Lithobates clcunitans uielanota. Suifacc (1913) noted a specimen from Cranesville, Elk Creek Township. Photographs of a tadpole and one of an egg mass from Eric County appear in Meshaka and Collins (2010). Additional specimens: TREC-A 00041 ; TREC-A 00075. Northern Leopard Frog, Lithobates pipieus. Additional specimens: TREC-A 00061 ; TREC-A ()()()70. Pickerel Frog, Lithobates palustris. The Yale Universit) Peabody Museum of Natural History contains a Pickerel Frog from Erie County (YPM 3824). Wood Frog, Lithobates sylvaticus. Surface (191 3) reported a speeimen from Cranesville. Elk Creek Township. Gray and Lcthaby (2010) described a specimen from Millcreek Township, with truncated hindlimb abnormalities that were likely the result of selecti\e predation. Additional specimens: TREC-A ()0()63. Bulletin of the Marylantd Herpetological Society page 13 Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 Reptiles January-December 2012 Queen Snake, Regina septenivittata. Ryan Miller (pers. comm.) reported that Queen Snakes had been found in the West Branch of French Creek in Erie County. Additional specimens; BG 579; TREC-R 00054. Northern Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon. A series of Erie County Northern Water Snake specimens (YPM 6864-6892) from Lake Pleasant in Venango Township are in the Yale LIniversity Peabody Museum of Natural History. Additional specimens: BG 438; TREC-R 00036; TREC-R 00072. Northern Brown Snake, Storeria dekayi dekayi. Gray (201 lb) described the seasonal activity of the Northern Brown Snake in the Central Lowland Province of Erie County. Gray (2009b) observed an increase in capture rate and numbers of specimens observed following development of a National Superfund site. Additional specimens: BG 465; BG 467-483; BG 485-489; BG 491-496; BG 498; BG 505; BG 520-525; BG 53 1 ; BG 556; TREC-R 00090. Northern Redbelly Snake, Storeria occipitoniaculata occipitoniacidata. Information regarding the natural history of the Northern Redbelly Snake in Erie County, Pennsylvania is provided in Gray (201 1 b). Additional specimens: BG 543; TREC-R 00038. Shorthead Garter Snake, Thanmophis brachystoma. Gray (2011 b) provided some infor¬ mation on this species’ natural history. Shorthead Garter Snakes in glaciated Erie County apparently consume nonnative earthworms. Shorthead Garter Snakes in Erie County have been observed as late as 8 November (Lethaby pers. obs. 2009). The longevity record for this species was established by a captive-born male from Erie County that was kept for 5 years and 8 months. A wild caught specimen, also from Erie County was likely 8 years old (Gray 201 la). Additional specimens: BG 427; BG 429; BG 464; BG 526-527; BG 530; BG 562; BG 566; BG 580; TREC-R 00050; TREC-R 00056-00058; TREC-R 00073; TREC-R 00075; TREC-R 00076; TREC-R 00080-00082; TREC-R 00084; TREC-R 00091. Northern Ribbon Snake, Tliainnopliis saiiritus septentrionalis. A Northern Ribbon Snake was observed at Asbury Woods on 27 March 2009. the earliest date of observation for this species in Erie County. Additional specimens: CUMV 2593; BG 435; BG 544; TREC-R 00086; TREC-R 00087. Eastern (iarter Snake, Thainnophis sirtalis sirtalis. fhe earliest date of obser\ation for the Eastern Garter Snake in Erie County is 9 March 1998. A possible occurrence of arboreal ecdysis, based on a shed snakeskin collected in Millcreek Township was reported by Grav (2009). Additional specimens: BG 432; BG 436; BG 466; BG 484; BG 490; BG 497; BG 499; BG 500; BG 504; BG 532; CUMV 2749; TREC-R 00052. Northern Ringneck Snake, Diadophis pinictatns edwardsii. A phylogeographic stud\ of the Northern Ringneck Snake by Eontanella et al. (2008) utilized shed snakeskins obtained from Erie County. Pennsylvania specimens. page 14 Bulletin of the Marylantd Herpetological Society Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Northern Black Racer. Coluber constrictor constrictor. Mike Dohanic (pcrs. com.) reported that he had tound a Northern Black Racer in North East Township. Smooth (Jreen Snake, Liochlorophis vcrnalis. Lcthaby (201 la) reported on the first vouchered specimen with speeilie locality data from Erie County. A specimen (UMMZ 747.17) was collected in ‘Eric County. Pennsylvania' in August 19.13 by Sam Rohde and deposited in the University ot Michigan Museum of Zoology without more speeilie locality data. Additional specimens; BG 41 1 ; BG 414 Vliclland Rat Snake, Scotoplii.s spiloidcs. In Gray and Lethaby (2008 ), we erroneously listed the Eastern Rat Snake, Scotophis (=Elaphe) allegluinicnsis, as being present in the county. However, in PennsyBania this species is found in the easternmost portion of the state (Meshaka and Collins 2009). The Midland Rat Snake, Scotophis spiloidcs. is found in Erie County (Meshaka and Collins op cit.). and all data in the previous publication refer to this species, not the Eastern Rat Snake. Lethaby (201 lb) reported the first vouehcred Midland Rat Snake from Erie County. Additional specimens: TREC-R ()()()74; TREC-R 00092. Eastern Milk Snake, Ixunpropeltis triangiilnni triangidnni. Scott Bloomstinc observed an Eastern Milk Snake in West Springfield on 1 1 April 2011, the earliest date of observation for this species in Erie County. In Erie County, the Eastern Milk Snake has a unimodal activity pattern which peaks in June (Gray 201 lb). Additional specimens: BG 528; BG 542; BG 545; TREC-R 00088; TREC-R 00089. Five-lined Skink, Plestiodon fasciatus. Photographs of a juvenile, adult male, and adult female skinks from Springfield Township appear in Gray (201 le). Additional specimens: TREC-R 00055. Turtles Common Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina. Hughes and Sehnars (2008) summarized movements by Common Snapping Turtles at Presque Isle State Park. Additional specimens: TREC-R 00042. Spotted Turtle, Clcinniys guttata. Gray (20()9b) noted the likely extirpation of the Spot¬ ted Turtle from a National Superfund site in Millcrcek Township. Studying a western Eric County population. Gray (2008) described the use of the patterns of the carapace and plastron of turtles as an aid to indi\ idual recognition. Additional specimens: TREC-R 00091; TREC-R 00094. Blanding's Turtle. Eniydoidca hlandingii. A small number of indi\ iduals have been found on Presque Isle, but whether or not a \ iable pcrpulation exists there has yet to be determined. A photograph of a Blanding's Turtle from Presque Isle State Park was featured in an issue t)f Eric Reader (Gra\ 201 Id) and Gray (201 le). Additional specimens: TREC-R 00061 -()()()66; TREC-R ()()()7(). Fa, stem Box 4'urtlc, Tcrrapcnc Carolina Carolina. A released pet w as diseo\ cred at Asburv Woods during 2010 (pcrs. com. Steve Wasiesky). Like a typical captive turtle, it did not display the usual defensi\ e behav ior characteristic of this species - withdrawal into the shell. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 15 Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Common Map Turtle, Grapteinys geograpliica. Lindeman (2009) restricted the type locality of the Common Map Turtle to Presque Isle, Erie, Pennsylvania. Additional specimens: TREC-R 00037; TREC-R 00043; TREC-R 00044. Midland Painted Turtle, C/iry 'seinys picta inarginata. Additional specimens: TREC-R 00040; TREC-R 00041. Nonnative Species In September 2009, a shed skin from an albino Burmese python, Python nioliiriis, was found in West Springfield. If an actual snake was released or escaped, it would not be able to survive the harsh winters that occur at this latitude. An American alligator was found in a west side Erie neighborhood on 1 July 201 1 (Hahn 2011). On 25 May 2008, a Red-eared slider, Tracheniys scripta elegans was found in Mill Creek, Millcreek Township (TREC-R 00045). Literature Cited and bibliography Anderson, E. 2009. Nature’s Way. Turtle focus of research. Erie Times-News Monday, August 31, 2009. 4B. Bartlett, J. 1 999. Reptile study leaves unsettled questions. Erie Times Morning News. Monday, December 27, 1999, 4B. Bogart, J. and M. W. Klemens. 2008. Additional distributional records of Am hystonia laterale, A. jeffersonianum (Amphibia: Caudata) and their unisexual kleptogens in Northeastern North America. American Museum Novitates, Number 3627. 58 pp. Ernst, C. H. and J. E. Lovich. 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Second edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 827 pp. Eontanella, F. M., C. R. Feldman, M. E. Siddall, and F. T. Burbrink. 2008. Phylogeography of Diadophis punctatus: extensive lineage diversity and repeated patterns of historical demography in a transcontinental snake. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46(2008): 1049-1070. Gray, B. S. 2008. A study of carapace and plastron patterns in the spotted turtle, Cleminys gut¬ tata, and their use as a technique for individual recognition. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soe. 43(7): 109-1 14. Gray, B. S. 20()9a. Arboreal eedysis in the Eastern Garter Snake {Thamnophis sir tails sirtalis). J. Kansas Herp. 29: 1 1 . page 16 Bulletin of the Marylantj Herpetological Society Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Gray, B. S. 2009b. Recent observations ol the herpetofaunaof a former National Superfund Site in Eric County, Pennsylvania. .1. Kansas Uerp. 3 1 :9-l 1 . Gray, B. S. 2009c. Anomalous scutellation in an Eastern Garter Snake from Erie County. Penn¬ sylvania. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 44(9): 137-138. Gray. B. S. 2009d. Estimating snout to vent length from data acquired from the shed skins of the Northern Brown Snake, Storeria dekayi dekayi. J. Kansas Herp. 32: 17-19. Gray, B. S. 2009e. Aberrant pattern in the Allegheny Dusky Salamander (Desinognathiis ochrophaeus) from Erie County, Pennsylvania. Bull. Chicago Hcip. Soc. 44(11): 166. Gray, B. S. 2010. Distribution of native and exotic earthworms in the eastern US: implications for the ecology of vemiivorous snakes. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 45(5):73-86. Gray, B. S. 2011a. Longevity and growth of a captive Shorthead Garter Snake, Thainnophis hrachystoma. J. Kansas Herp. 38:10-1 1. Gray, B. S. 201 1 b. Seasonal activity and natural history observations of live snake species from the Central Lowland Province of Erie County. Pennsylvania. J. Kansas Herp. 39:14-21. Gray, B. S. 201 Ic. Random shots (photograph of a Spring Peeper) in Eric Reader. September 21 - October 4. 2011. Vol. 1(19):2. Gray. B. S. 201 Id. Random shots (photograph of a B landing's Turtle) in Eric Reader. October 5 -October 18, 2011. Vol. 1(2()):2. Gray, B. S. 201 Ic. A Guide to the Reptiles of Erie County, Pennsylvania. Privately Printed. Eric. PA. 88 pp. Gray. B. S. 201 If. A Guide to the Amphibians of Eric County. Pennsylvania. Privately Printed. Eric, PA. 76 Pp. Gray, B. S. and M. Lethaby. 2008. The amphibians and reptiles of Eric County, Pennsylvania. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 44(2):49-69. Gray. B. S. and M. Lethaby. 2010. Observations of limb abnormalities in amphibians from Eric County. Penn¬ sylvania. J. Kansas Hcrp. 35:14-16. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 17 Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Hahn,T. 2011. A javv-dropper. Erie Times-News. Saturday. July 2, 2011. HerpNet. http:// lierpnet.org/poital.html (acee.ssed 26 Oetober 2008). Hughes, J. R. and J. L. Sehnars. 2008. (jeographic movements of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra s. ser¬ pentina) on Presque Isle State Park, Eric, Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Regional Science Consortium at the Tom Ridge Environmental Center at Presque Isle, 4>h Annual Research Symposium (Abstract). Lethaby, M. 20 1 1 a. Geographic distribution: Opheodrys vernalis. Herp. Rev. 42( 1 ): 1 1 5. Lethaby, M. 2011b. Geographic distribution: Pantherophis spiloides. Herp. Rev. 42(1 ):1 15. Linde man, P. V. 2009. On the type locality and type specimen of Te.studo geographica Lesuer 1817. Chel. Cons. Biol. 95-98. McKinstry, D. M., H. N. Cunningham, Jr. and M. A. Lethaby. 1991. Assessment of amphibian and reptile populations on Presque Isle State Park, Erie. Pennsylvania (abstract). J. PA Acad. Sci. 64(supplement and index): 198. McKinstry, D. M., H. N. Cunningham, Jr., M. A. Lethaby and P. R. McKinstry. 1989. Assessment of amphibian and reptile populations on Presque Isle State Park, Erie, Pennsylvania-A preliminary report (abstract). J. PA Acad. Sci. 63( 1 ):52. Meshaka, W. E.. Jr., and J. T. Collins. 2009. A Pocket Guide to Pennsylvania Snakes. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 53 pp. Surface, H. A. 1913. First report on the economic features of the amphibians of Pennsylvania. Zool. Bull. Div. Zool. PA Dept. Agr. 3:68-153. The Lake Erie Region Conservancy. 2008. Pennsylvania Lake Erie Watershed Conservation Plan. Available at: http:// lerc. wikispaces. com/conservation+plan Tryon, Jr.. C. A. 1 974. Vertebrates of Pennsylvania and adjacent areas. Revised edition. The Pyma- tuning Laboratory of Ecology. Linesville. Pennsylvania. Walker, M. 2000. Presque Isle State Park: A Scenic Tour of the Peninsula. Matthew D. Walker Publishing, Erie, Pennsylvania. Wellington, R. J. 2009. An overview of concerns and issues relating to the Mudpuppy, Necturiis inacn- losiis inacidosns in Lake Erie/Presque Isle Bay, Erie County, Pennsylvania. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soe. 44(3):38-4L page 18 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 Wcstcott, S. 1 999. The summer of F^resque Isle. Erie Times News. Morning News. Friday. May 28, 1999. lA and 16A. (Contains a photograph of basking Map Turtles at Presque Isle; turtles erroneously labeled as Painted Turtles.). Brian S. Gray. P. O. Bo.\ 3515, Erie, Pennsylvania 16503-05/5, hrachysloma((T'h()lmail.C()m. Mark Letliahy, Natural History Museum at the Toni Ridge Environmental Center, 301 Peninsula Dr.. Suite 3. Erie. PA 16505, mlelhahyU^verizon.nel . Received: 8 January 2012 .\eeepted: 3 March 2012 Bulletin of the Marylanid Herpetological Society page 19 Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 An Additional Note on a Natural Fatality, in the Green Frog Lithobates clamitans melanotus, in Maryland Han is (2006) reported on natural oeeui ring fatalities in Maryland amphibians and reptiles, 'fhe following ean be added to that list. On 30 June 20 10 1 built a two-tiered pond in my baek yard, with llowing water (Figure 1 ). The top tier is about 15 inehes deep, while the main pond is 19.5 inehes deep. The pond was lilled with “city” water, although several gallons of water from a Hooded held, where Fowler's Toads {AncLxyrns fowleri) had been breeding, was added, complete with tiny tadpoles. This field is about a quarter of a mile from my pond. J'he pond area in my back } ard is located on about a quarter acre and is mostly wooded with the predominate species being White OakiQiierciis alba). Flowering Dogw ood(Cornus flor Ida) and Sixsni'rasiSassafras alhidiini). The pond is filled with mainly oak leaves to a depth of about 14 inches during the year and fills completely in the fall. In August 201 1, 1 noticed nine adult Cireen Frogs inhabiting the pond. No idea where they came from, how'ever the closest pond is a settling pond about a quarter of a mile due west. In this pond a large number of toad and frog species breed yearly. Including Anaxyrns aniericaima, Anaxyrns fowleri, Acris crepitans, Hyla versicolor, Hyla chrysoscelis, Pseudacris crucifer, Lithobates catesbeianus, Lithobates clamitans melanotus, Lithobates palustris, Lithobates sphenocephalus utricularius, and Scaphiopiis holbrookii. Figure 1. Backyard pond at the end of November 2012 showing the leaf cover. page 20 Bulletin of the Marylantj Herpetological Society Volume 48 Numbers 1-4 January-December 2012 1 he nine (irccn Frogs disappeared during No\ ember 20 1 1 and were assumed lo be under the leaf matt and preparing to hibernate. On a few warm nights during November, however, I did see an oeeasional speeimen at the surfaee at night. On February 27, 2012 1 notieed a green frog out from under the leaf matt lloating up side down and diseovered it was dead. Mewing the leaf matt, 1 discovered 6 more dead. They were in perfect shape. No cause of death w as discernible. 1 did not, other than mo\ ing the leaf matt, disturb the pond an\ farther. I he 201 1-2012 was a \ er\ mild winter temperature wise. During the 2012 summer 1 did see the other two frogs beha\ ing normally. Literature Cited Harris, Jr., Herbert S. 2006. Some Natural Occurring Fatalities in Maryland Amphibians. and Reptiles. Bull. MD Herp. Soe. 42(3): 152-153 Herbert S. Harris, Jr.. Natural History Society of Maryland, Inc, P.O Bo.x 18750, 6908 Belair Road, Baltimore, Maryland 2 ! 206-0750 (lisliarris@jnno.coin). Received: 14 October 2012 Accepted: 24 November 20 1 2 Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society page 21 / Society Publication Back issues of the Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, where available, may be obtained by writing the Executive Editor. A list of available issues will be sent upon request. Individual numbers in stock are $5.00 each, unless otherwise noted. The Society also publishes a Newsletter on a somewhat irregular basis. These are distributed to the membership free of charge. Also published are Maryland Herpetofauna Leaflets and these are available at $. 25/page. Information for Authors All correspondence should be addressed to the Executive Editor. 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