v... MLW i&. && ■ M W^**6 Do not c: HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LI BKARY OF THE MUSEUM OP GOMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY. GIFT OF >wj- v'm^ _wduW\\\yo : BULLETIN OF T11K MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE, IN CAMBRIDGE. VOL. LII. CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A. 1908-1910. i \* University Press : John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U. S. A. CONTENTS. Page No. 1. — Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Com- mission Steamer "Albatross," from October, 1904, to March, 11)05, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding. XII. The Reptiles of Easter Island. By Samuel Garman. (1 Plate.) Jnne, 1908 .... 1 No. 2. — Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge. of Alexander Agassiz. by the lT. S. Fish Com- mission Steamer " Albatross," from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding. XIII. The Characters of Atelaxia, a new Suborder of Fishes. By Edwin Chapih Stakks. (5 Plates.) July, 1908 15 No. 3. — Notes on Chiroptera. By Glover M. Allen. (1 Plate.) July, 1908 ' . 23 No. 4. — The Fossil Cetacean, Dorudon serratus Gibbes. By Frederick W. True. (3 Plates.) September, 1908 63 No. 5. — Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, -in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. >S. Fish Com- mission Steamer "Albatross," from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding. XV. Leber die Anatomie and systematische Stellung toi> Bathtsciadjum, I.kif.tki.i. \, nnd Addjsonja. Yon Johann Thjele. {2 Plates.) October. 1908 . . 79 No. 6. — Zoological Pesnlts of the Thayer Brazilian Expedition. Preliminary Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Tetbago.nop!Ekjd Characixs. By Carl H. Etuexmann. December, 1908 . 91 No. 7. — Notes on some Australian and IndoPacific Echinodermb. By Hubert Lyman Clark. (1 Plate.) March, 1909 107 No. 8. — Descriptions of new Birds from Central China. By John E. Thayer and Outram Bangs. May, 1909 137 No. 9. — Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Com- mission Steamer "Albatross," from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N , Commanding. XVIII. Ajiphifoka. Von R. Woltereck. (8 Plates.) June, 1909 143 IV CONTENTS. Page No. 10. — Notes on the Phytoplankton of Victoria Nyanza, East Africa. By C. H. Ostenfeld. (2 Plates.) July, 1909 1(39 No. II. — Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Cora- mission Steamer "Albatross," from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding. XIX. Pycnogonida. By Leon J. Cole. (3 Plates.) August, 1909 183 No. 12. — Cruise of the U. S. Fisheries Schooner "Grampus" in the Gulf Stream during July, 1908, with Description of a new Medusa (Bytho- tiaridae). By Henry B. Bigelow. (1 Plate.) August, 1909 .... 193 No. 13. — Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Com- mission Steamer " Albatross," from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut . Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding. XX. Mutations in Ceratidm. By Charles Atwood Kofoid. (4 Plates.) September, 1909 211 No. 14. — Mylostomid Palatal Dental Plates. By C. R. Eastman. December, 1909 259 No. 15. — Notes on the Herpetology of Jamaica. By Thomas Barbodr. (2 Plates.) May, 1910 .- 271 No. 16. — Decapod Crustaceans collected in Dutch East India and else- where by Mr. Thomas Barbour in 190S-1907. By Mary J. Rathbun. (6 Plates.) September, 1910 303 No. 17. — The Echinoderms of Peru. By Hubert Lyman Clark. (14 Plates.) October, 1910 319 Corrigenda. No. 15, page 286 and explanation to Plate 2 for Plate 2, Fig. 2, read Plate 2, Fig. 1. Page 287 and explanation to Plate 2 for Plate 2, Fig. 1, read Plate 2, Fig. 2. *\*c\ Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. LII. No. 1. REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM OCTOBER, 1904, TO MARCH, 1905, LIEUT. COMMANDER L. M. GARRETT, U. S. N., COMMANDING. XU. THE REPTILES OF EASTER ISLAND. By Samdel Garman. With One Plate. [Published by Permission of Gboegb M. Bowers, U. S. Fish Commissioner.] CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A.: PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. June, 1908. Reports on the Scifktific Results of the Expedition to the East- ern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieutenant Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding, published or in preparation: — A. AGASSIZ. V.8 General Report on the Ex- pedition. A. AGASSIZ. I.i Three Letters to Geo. M. Bowers, U. S. Fish Com. A. AGASSIZ and H. L. CLARK. The Echini. F. E. BEDDARD. The Earthworms. H B. BIGELOW. The Medusae. R. P. BIGELOW. The Stomatopods. S. F. CLARKE. VIII.» The Hydroids. W. R. COE. The Nemerteans. L. J. COLE. The Pycnogonida. W. H. DALL. The Mollusks. C. R. EASTMAN. VII.' The Sharks' Teeth. B. W. EVERMANN. The Fishes. W. G. FARLOW. The Algae. S. GARMAN. XII." The Reptiles. H. J. HANSEN. The Cirripeds. H. J. HANSEN. The Schizopods. S. HENSHAW. The Insects. W. E. HOYLE. The Cephalopods. C. A. KOFOID. III.S IX.9 The Protozoa. P. KRUMBACH. The Sagittae. R. VON LENDENFELD and F. URBAN. The Siliceous Sponges. H. LUDWIG. The Holothurians. H. LUDWIG. The Starfishes. H. LUDWIG. The Ophiurans. The Actinaria. G. W. MULLER. The Ostracods. JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens. MARY J. RATHBUN. X.10 The Crustacea Decapoda. HARRIET RICHARDSON. II. » The Isopods. W. E. RITTER. IV.4 The Tunicates. ALICE ROBERTSON. The Bryozoa. B. L. ROBINSON. The Plants. G. O. SARS. The Copepods. F. E. SCHULZE. XI.11 The Xenophyophoras. H. R. SIMROTH. The Pteropods and Hetero- pods. E. C. STARKS. Atelaxia. TH. STUDER. The Alcyonaria. T. W. VAUGHAN. VI.« The Corals. R. WOLTERECK. The Amphipods. W. McM. WOODWORTH. The Annelids. i Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 4, April, 1905, 22 pp. 3 Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 6, July, 1905, 4 pp., 1 pi. s Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 9, September, 1905, 5 pp., 1 pi. * Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 13, January, 1906, 22 pp., 3 pis. 6 Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXIII., January, 1906, 90 pp., 96 pis. « Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 3, August, 1906, 14 pp., 10 pis. 7 Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 4, November, 1906, 26 pp., 4 pis. « Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV., No. 1, February, 1907, 20 pp., 15 pis. » Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 6, February, 1907, 48 pp., 18 pis. io Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV., No. 2, August, 1907, 56 pp., 9 pis. 11 Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. LI., No. 6, November, 1907, 22 pp., 1 pi. 12 Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. LIL, No. 1, June, 1908. 14 pp., 1 pi. jun ia Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. LII. No. 1. RF^ORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM OCTOBER, 1904, TO MARCH, 1905, LIEUT. COMMANDER L. M. GARRETT, U. S. N., COMMANDING. XU. THE REPTILES OF EASTER ISLAND. By Samuel Gaeman. With One Plate. [Published by Permission of Geobge M. Bowers, U. 8. Fish Commissioner.] CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A.: PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. June, 1908. No. 1. — Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross,'''' from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieutenant Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding. XII. The Reptiles of Easter Island. By Samuel Garman. To give an approximately complete idea of the Herpetology of Easter Island it is necessary to consider and to introduce provisionally into our list of species a number of marine tortoises and a sea serpent, which rauge throughout Polynesia and the tropical and the temperate portions of the Pacific and the Indian oceans, but which have not yet been taken or known directly from the island by the scientist. The snake has the better claim to attention, having been secured a short distance from the shores and positively determined. The tortoises, of which our knowledge depends wholly upon tradition or other evidence of the natives, cannot be satisfactorily identified, and if they might be, they would add little or nothing in auswer to questions relating to the origin or the evolution of the fauna. This leaves as the main dependence in this study two species of small lizards, a third and larger one, the exist- ence of which is asserted by the islanders, having, if it exists, escaped capture. From the material gathered it appears that these lizards were not originally derived from the nearer islands to the westward, in the direction of Samoa and the Fijis, but from the Hawaiian Islands to the far northwestward. We can go no farther until possessed of more material. That the Hawaiian Islands and Easter Island may both have obtained the species from some other locality is possible, but of that we have as yet no proof, while it can be said that the affinities of the species from the two localities are markedly direct. Drifting from one to the other being put aside as improbable, Hawaiian lizards may have 4 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. been carried to Easter Island in several ways ; they may have been landed from some vessel passing, toward the straits or to round the Cape, on its way to the Atlantic, — as we suppose some of the same species have been taken to both western and eastern coasts of South America, — in times more recent than the arrival of the islanders now in occu- pancy, or the saurians may have been brought with the natives when they came. Ethnologists having failed, so far, to determine the original home of the people from racial characteristics and language, or from their art as seen in the sculptures, and tablets, etc., the hypothesis is permissible, from even so attenuated a thread of evidence as that sup- plied by the reptiles, that when the men came the lizards came with them. Beyond this it might be possible to account at once for the undifferentiated condition of the species and for the lack of energy and of art in the present inhabitants of Easter Island by a further supposi- tion that the makers of the images and the tablets were swept away by the latest eruption of the volcano, and that their successors with the lizards are the result of a subsequent migration from the Hawaiian Islands or thereabout, an indirect route for the reptiles, as for man, from central Polynesia. At the first glance various features of Easter Island combine to make the study of its fauna appear to be one of particular attractiveness to the naturalist : such are position, origin, isolation, extent, diversity, and climate; it lies near the middle of the South Pacific (Lat. 27° 10' S. ; Lon. 109° 26' W.) ; it originated as a volcano, without connection with other land ; it has an area of about thirty-four square miles ; it possesses plains, hills, and mountains (to 1700 feet), and it is covered with vege- tation. A sense of disappointment comes upon one when in the course of his investigations he realizes how much the island lacks age, that its birth has been too recent for the evolution of species and varieties in a fauna of its own, when he decides that what is possessed it has borrowed in times not very remote and that he must direct his attention to the route by which it was brought. Possibly more than one start was made by flora and fauna to be destroyed by later activity of the expiring volcano ; at any rate eruptive evidences confine the natural history within com- paratively narrow limits of time. All of the literary history is decidedly new; it begins with Davis's alleged discovery, 1686, though the little he contributes to knowledge is not positively located and may have per- tained to some other islet. Eoggewein, April 7, 1722, discovered the island, named it, and furnished a general description with some infor- GARMAN : THE REPTILES OF EASTER ISLAND. 5 mation concerning people and customs. That the early writers say nothing ahout reptiles is not to be interpreted as if owing to non- existence hut merely to non-observance ; several of their statements are repeated here. Why the tortoises should have escaped their notice so completely does not appear; shells and skulls are always in evidence where tortoises are consumed. Captain James Cook, 1774, in his second voyage, gives many details relating to the island and its inhabitants. In regard to the forests the condition apparently had become worse. His men saw "not an animal of any sort and but very few birds." " They have a few tame fowls, such as cocks and hens, small but well tasted. They have also rats, which, it seems, they eat ; for I saw a man with some dead ones in his hand ; and he seemed unwilling to part with them, giving me to understand they were for food. Land birds there were hardly any; and sea birds but few; these were, men of war, tropic, and egg birds, nodies, tern, &c. The coast seemed not to abound with fish ; at least we could catch none with hook and line, and it was but very little we saw amongst the natives." Vol. I, p. 288. La Perouse, 1786, made additions to the fauna in the sheep, goats, and pigs he left. He says : " La cote m'a paru peu poissonneuse, et je crois que presque tous les comestibles de ces habitans sont tires du regne vegetal." Beechey, who visited the island in 1825, like his predecessors, found the people and their sculptures of first interest. He decided that the natives were "allied in language and customs to many islands in the South Sea," in none of which were such images. He tells us there was not a quad- ruped on the island in Eoggewein's time, and adds, "nor has any one except the rat ever been seen there," Vol. I, p. 56. When discovered, the island is said to have "abounded in woods and forests, and palm branches were presented as emblems of peace ; but fifty years after- wards, when visited by Captain Cook, there were no traces of them left." What is known of the fauna through the early literature contains nothing satisfactory on the herpetology. In Thomson's narrative, 1891 in the Smithsonian Report for 1889, there is matter of more perti- nence. This article has more general information than those which preceded it. From it we get a better idea of the plant and animal life. Of animals there were on the island at this time, according to this author, neat cattle, rough little horses, many sheep, some rats, a few large and wild cats, some dogs, and some domestic fowls. " There are no quadrupeds peculiar to the island except several varieties of rodents." No small land birds, "only the tropic or man-of-war bird, petrels, gulls, and a variety of aquatic birds." The following concerning 6 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. the fishes is quoted in contrast with the statements of Cook and La Perouse : " Fish has always been the principal means of support for the islanders, and the natives are exceedingly expert in the various methods of capturing them. The bonito, albicore, ray, dolphin, and porpoise are the off-shore fish most highly esteemed, but the swordfish and shark are also eaten. Rock-fish are caught in abundance and are remarkably sweet and good. Small fish of many varieties are caught along the shore, and the flying-fish are common. Eels of immense size are caught in the cavities and crevices of the rock-bound coast. Fresh- water fish are reported to exist in the lakes inside of the craters, but we did not see any of them." Of particular interest in the present writing are the statements concerning tortoises. The author does not explain why he classes them with his fishes rather than his reptiles. " Turtles are plentiful and are highly esteemed ; at certain seasons a watch for them is constantly maintained on the sand beach. The turtle occupies a prominent place in the traditions, and it is frequently represented in the hieroglyphics and also appears on the sculptured rocks." Other notice occurs in the translations of the tablets : " "What power has the Great King on the land 1 He has the power to clothe the turtles in hard shell, the fish with scales, and protects every living thing. All hail the power of the Great King who enables us to overcome the defense of the turtles, fish, and all reptiles." Elsewhere it is said that Hotu-Matua and his three hundred, arriving on the island, from land to the eastward, subsisted for the first three months entirely upon fish, turtle, and the nuts of a creeping plant found growing along the ground. And in the account of Machaa's arrival with six companions, two months before Hotu-Matua, we learn that on the second day after arriving this party found a turtle on the beach near Anekena, and one of the men was killed by a blow of its flipper in trying to turn it over. At the point Ahuakapu, Mr. Thomson says, " Upon the extreme point we found another one of those round towers, built for the purpose of observing the movements of turtles on the beach." Concerning other reptiles an item is given on page 459 : " Small lizards are frequently seen among the rocks ; the natives claim that a large variety is not uncommon, but we saw nothing of it. No snakes exist." Small reptiles, no doubt, would find food in the several varieties of butterflies, the myriads of troublesome flies, the fleas that were worse than the flies, the mosquitoes about the water tanks, the cockroaches two inches long with antennae to correspond, infesting every house on the island, and the peculiar variety of snapping beetle which "made its appearance every evening just before GARMAN: THE REPTILES OF EASTER ISLAND. 7 sundown, appearing suddenly and vanishing with daylight," and which compelled other visitors to stuff their ears with paper. Confining attention exclusively to the reptiles, it is found that besides the snake and the lizards collected by the " Albatross " there are five or six that may reasonably be expected to figure in later reports. Of these the larger not uncommon variety of lizard is the most indefinite and uncertain. The other four or five are marine tortoises. What is known of the wanderings of these creatures leads to anticipation of the discovery of any or all of the species of the Central Pacific at one time or another on Easter Island. Apparently the notices quoted above indicate that by one or more of the species the island has been adopted as a breeding-place, and that the return to it is regular at a particular season of the year. Unless there are grassy feeding-places near enough in the vicinity the species of the genus Chelonia will probably not be of the regular visitors but of the erratic and accidental. In compiling the list of species to be expected, those recently described from the Chilian coasts by Dr. Philippi have not been introduced, one reason being that they have not been sufficiently distinguished from the species of the Middle Pacific, and another being the unlikelihood of any species cross- ing from the South American shores through the Humboldt current, 900 miles in width, setting to the northward, and the additional 1200 miles of barren, comparatively foodless waters, pointed out by Mr. Alexander Agassiz, making more than 2000 miles separating the continent and the Galapagos islands, on east and north, from Easter Island. Atlantic species of these tortoises have not yet been shown to be able to pass either Magellan's Strait or south of the Cape, while it is to be expected that species from the Panamic region work their way southward along the coasts of America, reasons both for hesitation in regard to acceptance of Dr. Philippi's species as different from the Polynesian species until proved to be distinct by close comparisons. Including the tortoises, the Easter Island Eeptilia belong to the Chelonia, the Ophidia, and the Sauria. 8 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. CHELONIA. DBRMOCHELIDAE. Dermochelys schlegelii. Trunk or Leather Back. Sphargis mercurialis Temm. & Schl., Fauna Jap. Rept., 1838, p. 10. Sphargis schlegelii Garman, Bull. 25 U. S. Mus., 1884, 292, 303. This species ranges from Japan southward in the Pacific and the Indian oceans. Sphargis angustata Philippi may on comparison prove to belong to this species; it is more likely to be thus than that the Atlantic species should pass the straits of Magellan. CHBLONIIDAE. Caretta olivacea- Loggerhead. Chelonia olivacea Eschscholtz, Zotil. Atlas, 1829, pt. 1, p. 3, pi. 3. Caretta olivacea Stejneger, Bull. 58, U. S. Mus., 1907, 507. Localities given for this species are Japan, China, Bonin Islands, Philippines, Bismarck Archipelago, Calcutta, Indian Ocean, Malabar, and East Africa. This is one of the most variable of the marine tortoises. Of five specimens before me two have six costal shields on each side, one has fire on one side and six on the other, two have six on one side and seven on the other. Of the same indi- viduals three have two pairs of prefrontals each, and two have each two pairs of prefrontals and an azygous shield in the same area. The specimen having six costal shields on one side and seven on the other agrees in the same respects with that figured by Eschscholtz ; none of these individuals agree with it in either shapes or numbers of prefrontals. In the same lot the dorsal shields number from six to eight. Chelonia japonica. Green Tortoise. Testudo japonica Thunberg, Svensk. Vet. Ac. Nya Hand., 1787, vol. 8, 178, pi. 7, fig. 1. Chelonia japonica Schweigger, Prodr. Mon. Chelon., 1814, 21. Pieported from Japan, Bonin Islands, Formosa, New Guinea, Moluccas, Malay Peninsula, Penang, Bengal, India, and Indian Ocean. GARMAN: THE REPTILES OF EASTER ISLAND. 9 Chelonia depressa. Green Tortoise. Chelonia depressa Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1880, vol. 6, 124. The locality given with the type of this species is North Australia. Whether it was a wanderer there has not yet been determined. Though very distinct from C. japonica in the adult stage, it may be much more closely allied to it in the young, in which case indentification of small specimens may present some difficulties. Eretmochelys squamosa. Hawk Bill or Shell Tortoise. Eretmochelys squamata Agassiz, Contr., 1857, vol. 1, 382 (not T. squamata Gmelin). Caretta squamosa Girard, U. S. Expl. Exp. Herp., 1858, 442, pi. 30, figs. 1-7. Except to the westward and the north the distribution of this tortoise is but partially indicated by the following localities : Japan, Formosa, China, Singapore, Sulu Seas, Moluccas, Bengal, Indian Ocean, Zanzibar, Mauritius, Sunda Islands, Torres Straits, Bismarck Archipelago, Southern Pacific Ocean, Society Islands, Isle de Carmen, Gulf of California. Eight specimens show no variations in costals and frontals. In eight specimens of E. imbricaia, from the Atlantic, there are three which vary from the normal, of four costals each side and two pairs of prefrontals ; one of the three has five costals each side, and two pairs and an azygous prefrontal; another has four costals one side and five the other; and the third has five prefrontals, that is, two pairs and an azygous shield. OPHIDIA. HYDRIDAB. Hydrus platurus. Anguis platura Linne, Syst., 1766, Ed. 12, 371. Hydrus platurus Boulenger, Nat. Fauna Ind. Rept., 1890, 397. Scales on the body hexagonal, juxtaposed, irregular and imbricated on the tail. Longitudinal rows fifty-six ; transverse rows three hundred eighty-three on the body, plus fifty-three on the tail. Labials eight on one side, nine on the other ; infralabials eleven on each side. A diamond-shaped interparietal, not in contact with the frontal. About sixteen rows of scales on the back are black ; below the black a yellow band, from around the snout on the supralabials, passes along each flank, occupying about six rows of scales ; below the yellow bands, starting from the chin on the infralabials and along the flanks on each side a band of black, four to six scales in width, continues for about two-thirds of the length beyond which 10 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. the bauds are broken into large rounded spots, five or six, which extend down- ward into the series on the lower edge of the tail. Between the large spots on the upper edge of the tail and those on the lower edge there are irregular smaller spots of black. The belly to within a short distance from the vent is dingy yel- lowish ; on the gular region there are several spots of brown. The peculiar color- ation of this specimen represents an extreme phase of a variation from which, in collections made in Panama and San Miguel, Colombia, for the John E. Thayer Expeditions, we have the intermediates grading into the common black-backed, yellow to brownish-yellow-bellied, spotted-tailed form, without lateral bands of black or brown, common throughout Polynesia. This sea serpent was taken in Lat. 26° 34' S. ; Long. 108° 57' W., about fifty miles northeast of Easter Island. It has been directly compared with numerous specimens, from China, Gulf of Siam, Singapore, Borneo, Java, Bay of Bengal, Society Islands, and Panama, with- out discovery of characters on which to base so much as a variety. SAURIA. GBCCONIDAB. Lepidodactylus lugubris. Figs. 1-6. Platydactylus lugubris D. & B., Erp. Gen., 1836, vol. 3, 304. Lepidodactylus lugubris Fitzinger, Syst. Rept., 1843, 98. The Easter Island specimens of this little Gecko are ashy to light brownish- gray. Whether intense or faint, the markings are distinct on all. The brown band from the rostral plate through the eye to the shoulder is bordered above by a white streak that is more distinct on the head behind the eye. Each of these specimens has an elongate small spot of brown or black on the occiput. In most cases there are small elongate spots of brown immediately above the limy bunch at each side of the neck and above the shoulder. The usual pattern on the back from behind the head to the thighs is made up of seven to eight transverse zigzag streaks of brownish, each edged behind by a white one. These lines make a sharp angle forward where they cross the vertebral line. Toward the hips the border becomes darker or black, showing a series of black spots at each side of the median line at the base of the tail, and the white bands become wider and more distinct. In some examples the white band through the eye is more or less faintly indicated along the entire flank, and is bordered above and below with darker lines that start respectively from the top of the eye and from the ear. From a point below the eye, above the angle of the mouth, a narrow light-edged streak of brownish extends backward toward the throat. The head is light brown, mot- tled with darker ; the labials, chin, and throat are whitish, freckled with light brown. The tail has about ten transverse bars of white separated by light brown bands, in each of which, at each side of the median line, a spot of black is com- GARMAN: THE REPTILES OF EASTER ISLAND. 11 mon. Posteriorly on the tail the spots of black become less dark and more fused. The lower surface of the tail is white. Iu several iudividuals there is an indefi- nite band of brownish from eye to eye across the forehead ; in some one or two less definite bands cross the snout. On Easter Island specimens the bunches, as we may call the liiny swellings at each side of the neck, are large and apparently made of two portions, a small posterior and a larger anterior, which latter on some of the larger examples extends somewhat below the throat. In the young these bunches are not to be seen. Specimens from Samoa, collected by Dr. W. McM. Woodworth, differ from the preceding in lacking the spot on the occiput and in having the bunch at each side of the neck smaller, rounder, nearer the shoulder, and farther from the ear. Others from the Fijis show the neck bunches still further reduced in size, so much so as to make them hardly perceptible. One from Mangareva is much darker than the Easter Island representatives ; it has fewer transverse bands on the body, but has the occipital spot and those above the bunches ; the latter are small and placed far back ; on the snout there is a mark shaped like a horseshoe, open forward ; a band from eye to eye curves for- ward, and behind it there is another curving backward. Our specimens from Oahu confirm the remarks made by Dr. Stejneger as to being more robust; they indicate existence of a probable variety (roseus). Those from the Marshall Islands are like them. Individuals from Oahu have very large bunches on the neck, ex- tending from shoulder to ear, and towards the nape and middle of the throat ; they have numerous and large black spots on the middle of the back (old specimens, prob- ably). Such specimens were described by Cope, 1868, under the name Peropus roseus ; at most they represent only a variety of Lepidodactylus lugubris D. & B., 1836. Gehyra oceanica, hitherto not credited to the Hawaiian fauna, was also secured on Oahu. Maui specimens of L. lugubris are less robust, are smaller, and the bunches are like those of Easter Island, small and far back. On one of them the bunches are hardly noticeable. The spots are absent from the middle of the back, but are distinct above the shoulders and hips. On an Ebon, Marshall Islands, specimen the bunches are in longitudinally connected groups of three ; on others from Apaiang, Gilbert Islands, the bunch is near the shoulder and far from the ear. The figure of the type furnished by the " Voyage au Pole Sud," Plate 1, Fig. 1, does not present a very correct idea of the markings, as but few are indicated. Those shown are situated as in the greater number of individuals, yet on those which show the spots so distinctly there is, on most examples, a larger number of markings that are quite as characteristic which are not traced in the figure. The drawing shows the two black spots on the neck, a couple of the spots on the base of the tail, a small spot on the occiput, and a number of dark spots irregularly scattered over the body ; it has none of the six or seven transverse bands of brown- ish edged with light between shoulders and thighs and continued in the ten or more bauds across the tail, in each of which there is usually a dark spot at each side of the vertebral line. The Easter Island form appears to be more closely allied with the Hawaiian than with those obtained from islands more directly to the westward. 12 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. SCINCIDAE. Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus. Figs. 7-12. Ablepharus poecilopleurus Wiegra., N. Act. Caes. Leop., 1835, vol. 17, 202, pi. 18, fig. 1. Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus Wiegm., 1. c, 204. Excepting in the tendency to vary there appears to be little by which we can separate Easter Island representatives of this species from those taken on certain of the Hawaiian Islands. The latter are regarded as typical of the species. Originally the description was drawn from an individual secured on the islands near Pisacoma, Peru; it in all probability was, like the one reported by Boulenger from Bahia, Brazil, an accidental or a descendant of one that had been carried far from the home of the species. C. poecilopleurus is likely to have sprung from C. boutonii and to have originated in or near the Hawaiian Islands. The parent form possessed a smaller number of rows of scales and had but four labials in front of each suborbital ; or, in a general way, it had a smaller total number of scales on the individual. C. nigropunctatus from the Bonin Islands stands closer to C. boutonii ; its scale rows number from twenty-four to twenty-six, and it has but four labials. A large specimen of this form measures about five and three- fourths inches in total length, the body two and one-eighth ; the lateral streaks are very indistinct and the entire upper surfaces are freckled with brown and with silvery white. A couple of specimens from Wake Island must also be placed among those nearer C. boutonii. Their differences from one another are of enough interest for description here : — one of them has twenty-eight rows of smooth scales and has no supranasals between the internasal and the nasals ; the other has twenty-six rows of faintly grooved scales, has a supranasal on each side, formed by a longitudinal division of the nasal, and has the tail forked near the end in such a manner as to make it appear that the deformity was congenital ; each of them has four labials. From these localities southward the number of scale rows decreases. It is to the southwest that the species with fewer rows of scales predominate, the numbers decreasing until on C. rutilus there are but twenty. More distant allies from West Australia have sixteen rows and three labials. C. eximius from Moala and Naikobu, of the Fijis, has twenty-two rows of scales and four labials. C heterurus from Gilbert Islands exhibits a variational tendency similar to that of C. poecilopleurus from Easter Island, but it has a smaller number of rows of scales. Comparing nine specimens from the latter locality with the same number from the Hawaiian Islands, it will be seen that a slight divergence has set in which continued, with isolation, selection unnecessary, for a sufficient period will account for a new variety and eventually a new species, an offshoot from C- poecilopleurus. Eight of the nine from Easter Island have 28 rows of scales each, one has 30 ; two have 4 labials on each side, five have 5 on each GARMAN : THE REPTILES OF EASTER ISLAND. 13 side, and two have 4 on one side and 5 on the other ; six have normal prefrontals, that is, the prefrontals are in contact between frontal and internasal, two have an azygous prefrontal with the regular prefrontals in contact, and two have the azygous separating the prefrontals. Of nine Hawaiian individuals seven have 28 rows of scales each, two have 30 ; five have 4 labials on each side, two have 4 on one side and 5 on the other, one has 3 on one side and 4 on the other, and one has 3 on each side ; eight have normal prefrontals and one has an azygous shield separating the prefrontals. The Easter Island specimens show an increase in the number of scales on the head ; those from the Hawaiian Islands a slight decrease. In the labials alone the four on each side in front of the suborbital, as seen in the greater number of the Cryptoblephari, are represented by an average of four and two-thirds in the Easter Island specimens noted above, and on the Hawaiians by an average of little more than three and nine-tenths. If such averages may not be accepted as differences sufficiently tangible for the establishment of the variety, paschalis, they may at least be said to indicate the process of forming new species by means of hereditary tendencies in variation. There is nothing to separate the two localities in the coloration ; the redness of the end of the tail is apparent on some. Among the specimens collected by Dr. H. B. Bigelow are some very dark ones, slaty on the belly, on which the light lines are almost invisible ; these are marked " taken under rocks," a locality which probably accounts for the difference in color, the species undergoing considerable changes on removal from light to darkness or the reverse. There is nothing in the struc- ture to distinguish the dark ones from the light ones as represented in Fig. 7. 14 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 6. Fig. 6. Fig. 1. Lepidodactylus lugubris D. and B. Easter Island. One and one-half times natural length. Lower view of chin scales. A young specimen. Mangareva Island. About one and one-half times natural length. Side view of head. Lower view of foot. Specimen showing a new tail growing from the top of the base instead of, as usually, from the broken end. Suva, Viti Levun Island. Fig. 7. Cnjptoblepharus poecilopleurus Wiegm. Easter Island. Enlarged one- ninth of the length. Upper surface of snout. Upper surface of head of a second individual. Upper surface of head of a third specimen. Side view of head. Upper surface of the head of a fourth example showing, with figures 8-10, the variations in squamation. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Garman. — Reptiles. 10 11 12 The following Publications of the Museum of Comparative Zoology are in preparation : — LOUIS CABOT. Immature State of the Odonata, Part IV. E. L. MARK. Studies on Lepidosteus, continued. " On Arachnactis. AG ASS I Z and WHITMAN. Pelagic Fishes. Part II., with 14 Plates. A. AGASSIZ and H. L. CLARK. The "Albatross" Hawaiian Echini. S. GARMAN. The Plagiostomes. Reports on the Results of Dredging Operations in 1877, 1878, 1879, and 1880, in charge of Alex- ander Agassiz, by the TJ. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake," as follows : — C. HARTLAUB. The Comatulae of the "Blake," with 15 Plates. H. LUDWIG. The Genus Pentacrinus. A. MILNE EDWARDS and E. L. BOUVIER. The Crustacea of the "Blake." A. E. VERRILL. The Alcyonaria of the " Blake." Reports on the Results of the Expedition of 1891 of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," Lieutenant Commander Z. L. Tanner, IT. S. N., Commanding, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, as follows: — A. AGASSIZ. The Pelagic Fauna. " The Panamic Deep-Sea Fauna. H. B. BIGELOW. The Siphonophores. K. BRANDT. The Sagittae. " The Thalassicolae. W. R. COE. The Nemerteans. W. H. DALL. The Mollusks. REINHARD DOHRN. The Eyes of Deep- Sea Crustacea. H. J. HANSEN. The Cirripeds. " The Schizopods. HAROLD HEATH. Solenogaster. W. A. HERDMAN. The Ascidians. S. J. HICKSON. The Autipathids. The Actinarians. E. L. MARK. Branchiocerianthus. JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens. P. SCHIEMENZ. The Pteropods and Hete- ropods. THEO. STUDER. The Alcyonarians. The -Salpidae and Doliolidae. H. B. WARD. The Sipunculids. W. McM. WOODWORTH. The Annelids. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding, as follows : — A. AGASSIZ. The Echini. F. E. BEDDARD. The Earthworms. H. L. CLARK. The Holothurians. W. H. DALL. The Mollusks. The Volcanic Rocks. The Coralliferous Limestones. J. M. FLINT. The Foraminifera and Radi- ol aria. S. HENSHAW and A. G. MAYER. The Insects. R. LENDENFELD and F. URBAN. The Siliceous Sponges. H. LUDWIG. The Starfishes and Ophiurans. G. W. MULLER. The Ostracods. JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens. MARY J. RATHBUN. The Crustacea Decapoda. RICHARD RATHBUN. The Hydrocoral- lidae. G. O. SARS. The Copepods. L. STEJNEGER. The Reptiles. C. H. TOWNSEND. The Mammals, Birds, and Fishes. T. W. VAUGHAN. The Corals, Recent and Fossil. W. McM. WOODWORTH. The Annelids. PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE. There have been published of the Bulletin Vols. I. to XLIL, and also Vols. XLIV. to XLVIII. , L., and LI. ; of the Memoirs, Vols. I. to XXIV., and also Vols. XXVIIL, XXIX., XXXI. to XXXIII. Vols. XLIIL, XLIX., LIL, and LIU. of the Bulletin, and Vols. XXV., XXVI., XXVII. , XXX., XXXIV., XXXV., XXXVL, XXXVII., and XXXVIII. of the Memoirs, are now in course of publication. The Bulletin and Memoirs are devoted to the publication of original work by the Professors and Assistants of the Museum, of investigations carried on by students and others in the different Laboratories of Natural History, and of work by specialists based upon the Museum Collections and Explorations. The following publications are in preparation : — Reports on the Results of Dredging Operations from 1877 to 1880, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake," Lieut. Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., Commanding. Reports on the Results of the Expedition of 1891 of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Command- ing, in charge of Alexander Agassiz. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," from October, 1904, to April, 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding. Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory, Professor E. L. Mark, Director. Contributions from the Geological Laboratory. These publications are issued in numbers at irregular intervals ; one volume of the Bulletin (8vo) and half a volume of the Memoirs (4to) usually appear annually. Each number of the Bulletin and of the Memoirs is sold separately. A price list of the publications of the Museum will be sent on application to the Librarian of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. JUL 3 ^ Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. LIT. No. 2. REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM OCTOBER, 1904, TO MARCH, 1905, LIEUT. COMMANDER L. M. GARRETT, U. S. N., COMMANDING. XIII. THE CHARACTERS OF ATELAXIA, A NEW SUBORDER OF FISHES. By Edwin Chapin Starks. With Five Plates. [Published by Permission of George M. Bowers, U. S. Fish Commissioner.] CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A. : PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. July, 1908. Reports on thf. Scientific Rksults of the Expedition to the East- ern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieutenant Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding, published or in preparation: — A. AGASSIZ. V.b General Report on the Ex- pedition. A. AGASSIZ. I.1 Three Letters to Geo. M. Bowers, U. S. Fish Com. A. AGASSIZ and H. L. CLARK. The Echini. F. E. BEDDARD. The Earthworms. R B. BIGELOW. The Medusae. R. P. BIGELOW. The Stomatopods. S. F. CLARKE. VIII. » The Hydroids. W. R. COE. The Nemerteans. L. J. COLE. The Pycnogonida. W. H. DALL. The Mollusks. C. R. EASTMAN. VII.' The Sharks' Teeth. B. W. EVERMANN. The Fishes'. W. G. FARLOW. The Algae. S. GARMAN. XII.12. The Reptiles. H. J. HANSEN. The Cirripeds. H. J. HANSEN. The Schizopods. S. HENSHAW. The Insects. W. E. HOYLE. The Cephalopods. C. A. KOFOID. III.3 IX.9 The Protozoa. P. KRUMBACH. The Sagittae. R. VON LENDENFELD and F. URBAN. The Siliceous Sponges. H. LUDWIG. The Holothurians. H. LUDWIG. The Starfishes. H. LUDWIG. The Ophiurans. The Actinaria. G. W. MULLER. The Ostracods. JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens. MARY J. RATHBUN. X.10 The Crustacea Decapoda. HARRIET RICHARDSON. II.* The Isopods. W. E. RITTER. IV.* The Tunicates. ALICE ROBERTSON. The Bryozoa. B. L. ROBINSON. The Plants. G. O. SARS. The Copepods. F. E. SCHULZE. XL11 The Xenophyophoras. H. R. SIMROTH. The Pteropods and Hetero, pods. E. C. STARKS. XIII.18 Atelaxia. TH. STUDER. The Alcyonaria. T. W. VAUGHAN. VI.« The Corals. R. WOLTERECK. The Amphipods. W. MoM. WOODWORTH. The Annelids. i Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 4, April, 1905, 22 pp. * Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 6, July, 1905, 4 pp., 1 pi. s Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 9, September, 1905, 5 pp., 1 pi. 4 Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 13, January, 1906, 22 pp., 3 pie. B Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXIII., January, 1906, 90 pp., 96 pis. « Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 3, August, 1906, 14 pp., 10 pis. ' Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 4, November, 1906, 26 pp., 4 pis. » Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV., No. 1, February, 1907, 20 pp., 16 pis. » Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 6, February, 1907, 48 pp., 18 pis. io Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV., No. 2, August, 1907, 56 pp., 9 pis. " Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. LI., No. 6, November, 1907, 22 pp., 1 pi. 12 Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. LIL, No. 1, June, 1908, 14 pp., 1 pi. is Bull. M. C. Z , Vol. LIL, No. 2, July, 1908, 8 pp., 5 pis. J I- 3 1903 Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. LII. No. 2. REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM OCTOBER, 1904, TO MARCH, 1905, LIEUT. COMMANDER L. M. GARRETT, U. S. N., COMMANDING. XIII. THE CHARACTERS OF ATELAXIA, A NEW SUBORDER OF FISHES. By Edwin Chapin Starks. With Five Plates. [Published by Permission of Geoeob M. Bowbbs, U. S. Fish Commissioner.] CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A. : PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. July, 1908. No. 2. — Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agas- siz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross" from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieutenant Commander L. M. Garret, U. S. iV., Commanding. XIII. The Characters of Atelaxia, a new sub-order of Fishes. By Edwin Chapin Starks. The specimen of Stylephorus chordatus upon which this paper is based was obtained by the Agassiz Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific in 1904-1905, at station 4715, which is just south of the Galapagos Islands. The specimen was taken somewhere between a depth of three hundred fathoms and the surface, and was referred to me by Mr. Agassiz through Dr. Evermann for study of its osteological characters. This is the second specimen known. Before the above date the species was known only from a specimen (now in the collections of the British Museum) taken about the year 1790 in the western Atlantic between the islands of Cuba and Martinique. The distinctive characters of the Stylephoridae are unique, and of such value that they may be used to define a suborder characterized as follows : — Atelaxia. Vertebrae consisting of centra only and without neural or haemal spines or other processes ; the opposing halves of the hyoid unconnected and remote from each other ; the branchiostegal rays at the upper edge of the ceratohyal and in- clined upward ; the palato-quadrate bar atrophied ; the lower pharyngeals con- cealed by skin and much reduced ; the ethmoid far anterior to the vomer and supported by a projection from the parasphenoid ; no obitosphenoid present ; the caudal divided aud part of the rays turned upward, the lower three enlarged and produced backward into a long process. Minor characters of the Atelaxia may be included in the following definition of the family. VOL. LII. — NO. 2 1 18 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Stylephoridae. Form elongate and compressed ; the skeleton but little ossified ; dorsal extend- ing from head nearly to caudal fin, its rays without cross articulations ; base of pectoral horizontal and the fiu inclined upward ; no anal or ventral fins ; mandible enormously developed but with little movement ; mouth small, tube-like, the max- lllaries largely instrumental in its opening and closing ; both maxillary and pre- maxillary with long processes extending over the top of cranium ; myodome developed but without basisphenoid in connection ; four pairs of superior pharyn- geals present, all but the first pair bearing teeth ; a greatly enlarged, pen-shaped, basibranchial present, almost as long as the cranium ; post-clavicle of a single piece and extending far backward ; posttemporal a simple unforked bone ; a short slit behind fourth gill arch. Relationship. Stylephorus appears to be one of the many aberrant forms whose relationship must remain uncertain, as the intermediate forms through which it could be traced to the parent stock, have disappeared. The Stylephoridae has been placed by most authors with the Trachypteridae and Regalecidae under the suborder Taeniosomi. Though it is at the most only dis- tantly related to these families it is still more closely related to them than to other known forms. Its affinity to the Taeniosomi is shown by the poorly ossified skeleton ; the hori- zontal pectoral base ; the upturned caudal fin ; the absence of cross articulations in the dorsal rays ; the reduction of the lower pharyngeals ; x the presence of four pairs of superior pharyngeals ; and the ascending processes to the maxillaries as well as to the premaxillaries. For comparison the characters of the Taeniosomi are here included. Taeniosomi2 Vertebrae, hyoid arch, position of branchiostegal rays, palatoquadrate arch, position of ethmoid in relation to vomer, and mouth parts normal ; the epiotics in contact with each other behind the supraoccipital widely separating the latter from the occipital region and the foramen magnum ; the parietals enlarged and anterior in position ; an orbito sphenoid present ; 3 the post-temporal unforked and suturally joined to the cranium overlying the outer half of the epiotic and 1 Dr. Gunther reports (Cat. Mus. Brit. Mus., 1861, vol. 3, p. 306) the lower pharyngeals of Trachi/pterus arcticus to be wholly wanting. 2 The characters and relationships of the Taeniosomi have been discussed by Dr. Gill in the Amer. Nat. 1887, vol. 21, p. 86, and 1890, vol. 24, p. 481. 3 The presence of an orbito sphenoid would be evidence towards a Physostomus origin for the two suborders here considered. STAKES: THE CHARACTERS OF ATELAXIA. 19 extending forward to the parietal ; the kwer pharyngeals rod-like and parallel with the branchial arches (or absent ?) ; the dorsal composed of soft inarticulate spines ; a pelvic girdle present. In the above comparisons I have used the beautifully illustrated and detailed report of T. Jeffery Parker on the skeleton of Regalecus argenteus l (Trans. Zool. Soc, 1886, vol. 12, p. 5-34, pi. 2-6). The Osteology of Stylephorus. The posterior part of the cranium is normal in position and number of the ele- ments, except that the opisthotic and basisphenoid are absent.2 The pterotic is a rounded bone, normal in position and size, but without a process. The epiotic process is reduced to a mere tubercle of bone to which the upper shoulder girdle element is attached. The alisphenoids are well separated from each other by the wide anterior open- ing to the brain case. The myodome is well developed, but broad and short and not opening to the exterior at the posterior end of the parasphenoid. Each exoccipital shares equally with the basioccipital the support of the verte- bral column. The ethmoid is a thin vertical plate but little ossified projecting forward from the frontals. Along the posterior edge of the ethmoid the poorly ossified pre- frontals stand outward at an angle on each side. The vomer is a very small bone situated behind the ethmoid and prefrontals on a slightly downward projecting portion of the parasphenoid. In the majority of bony fishes the vomer is anterior to the ethmoid and the prefrontals, and is suturally connected to them at its upper posterior edges. From the upper surface of the lateral wings of the parasphenoid, just behind the vomer a long slender process springs and runs forward far beyond the vomer. It is thin in the middle and somewhat thickened and rod-like at each edge. To the upper surface of this the thin ethmoidal plate is attached, and the rod-like edges pass under the lower ends of the prefrontals, though the attachment to the prefrontals is not close. The relationship of the rod-like portions of this process to the prefrontals suggests that they be the palatines, though the attachment of the ethmoid to the upper surface of the process is against this supposition, unless 1 Mr. Parker's paper illustrates the value of descriptions and drawings in detail of every skeleton reported upon even when a detailed description may be irrele- vant to the problem in hand. Descriptions and illustrations of skeletons of rare forms are valuable though the author may have no problem in connection with them. 2 The importance of these elements is apparently not great; the presence of the former depending in some degree upon a lower limb to the posttemporal, or at least a well developed ligament representing a lower limb. The absence or pres- ence of an opisthotic or basisphenoid seems to be little more than generic in value. 20 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPAEATIVE ZOOLOGY. the median portion of it is an extension of the parasphenoid. I know of no other instance where the parasphenoid extends anterior to the vomer. When the pala- tines have lost their connection with the pterygoid it seems possible that they may have swung inwards at their inner ends and become attached to the paras- phenoid. This theory is suggested only as a possibility. It seems more rea- sonable to suppose that the palatines have failed to ossify, and that the above process is of the parasphenoid. The lateral head bones are bent forward and downward against the large mandible, and all of them are anterior to the posterior end of the mandible. The mesopterygoid and metapterygoid are absent. The usual opercular bones are present, but so bent forward that the preopercle is inferior to the others instead of in front of them as is usual. The ligament connecting the interopercle with the angular has ossified for the greater part of its length. The hyomandibular and quadrate are elongate bones, but normal in their rela- tion to each other and the other bones. The former has a simple rounded head for articulation with the cranium, no mesopterygoid process, but with the usual processes for the opercle and preopercle, though these are only slightly devel- oped. The symplectic is slender and not much ossified ; it extends downward behind the quadrate. The pterygoid is a very small sliver of bone closely attached against the anterior edge of the quadrate. The three usual bones make up the enormously developed mandible. The dentary is abruptly narrowed at its anterior end to form the small mouth. The premaxillary is a broad fan-shaped bone with a long process extending back at the side of the ethmoid to the top of the head. The maxillary has a similar proc- ess extending upward behind and parallel with the premaxillary process. The opening of the mouth apparently depends to a large degree upon the maxillary elements, as the mandible is connected by skin rather closely to the side of the head. The condition existing in the hyoid apparatus is unique. Each side of the hyoid arch lies wholly in front of the branchial arches, its lower edge on a level with the greatly enlarged first basibranchial (glossohyal). It is unattached and widely separated in front from its opposite fellow. As the branchiostegal rays are on the upper edge of the cerato hyal and inclined upward rather than on the lower edge and inclined downward, as is usual in other Teleosts, the movement of the hyoid must be outward from the upper edge instead of from the lower, thus enabling the fish to spread the lateral bones of the head wide apart somewhat as is shown in the picture published by Shaw (Trans. Linn. Soc Loud., 1791, vol. 1, pi. 6) and copied by Goode and Bean (Oceanic Ichthyology. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1896, vol. 22, pi. 116, fig. 394). The interhyal is a very long fan-shaped bone with its upper end uneven and fibrous and loosely attached so that this outward movement is not retarded. The first two branchial arches are attached to one large basibranchial. Anterior to this is a very long pen-shaped bone, nearly as long as the cranium. It is prob- ably the homologue of the glossohyal, though it is unattached to the hyoid arch. The hypobranchial of the first arch only is present. All of the superior pharyn- STARKS: THE CHARACTERS OF ATELAXIA. 21 geals are present ; a styloid toothless pair on the first arches, and three tooth- bearing pairs behind thera. The lower pharyngeals are nearly obsolete, toothless, and covered with skin, and bordering the short slit between them and the fourth arch. The clavicle is an S-shaped bone bending forward toward the cranium above aud backward around the hypocoracoid below. The supraclavicle is joined to the lower and inner surface of the upper limb rather than to the outer sur- face. It is a long, slender, fibrous bone reaching far forward. To it in turn is joined the simple posttemporal, which resembles the supraclavicle in shape and texture, though it is shorter. The posttemporal joins the small epiotic process rather loosely, and has no other attachment to the cranium. A long slender ray of bone attached to the upper inner edge of the clavicle and extending backward represents the postclavicle. The other elements of the shoulder girdle are poorly ossified. Two delicate thin plates, more cartilage than bone, represent the hypercoracoid and hypocora- coid. The latter arches away from the clavicle and rejoins it at its lower end in the typical way ; the former bears a small foramen near its border next to the clavicle. Four actinosts are present in a horizontal row ; the suture between the coracoid elements is opposite the third one. They are delicate broad plates as poorly ossified as the coracoid elements. The caudal portion of the vertebral column is in no way differentiated from the thoracic ; the vertebrae number fifty-three. Each vertebra consists of a cen- trum, somewhat smaller at the middle, and having a pair of thin longitudinal ridges above and below representing open neural and haemal canals, but there are other- wise no spines or processes of any sort, and no ribs are present. The last verte- bra expands posteriorly into a narrow hypural plate from the lower half of which the long filamentous process projects backward, and from the upper edge the small caudal rays project upward. The long caudal process is formed from the lower three caudal rays, which are very much stronger than the upper rays. The interneural rays are cartilaginous with soft fibres of bone intermingled. They are T-shaped with the posterior part of the cross limbs much longer than the anterior, and all connected so that a continuous band of fibrous bone is formed along the back. A short distance in front of the shaft of each interneural at the union of the cross limbs is situated the dorsal ray. The band formed by the cross limbs is of the sort shown by Parker (1. c.) in his picture of Regalecus, though it is straight not V-shaped between the dorsal rays. The shaft of each interneural is long and slender, and runs from the back to the vertebral column, where it is in contact with the upper surface of the vertebra ; two of them to each vertebra. There are no interhaemals or other evidence of an anal fin. The dorsal rays show no trace of cross articulations. The viscera was so disintegrated that little could be made out. The intestine is long and straight, and without pyloric caeca. An air bladder was apparently pres- ent, not as a loose sack, but as a membranous septum dividing the upper part of the abdominal cavity from the lower. No air duct could be made out from this to the oesophagus. 22 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Abbreviations . a actinosts. in interneural. als alisphenoid. iop interopercle. ang angular. max maxillary. art articular. ol ossified ligament. bbr basibranchial. op opercle. boc basioccipital. par parietal. brs branchiostegal rays. pc postclavicle. c. clavicle. Pf prefrontal. cbr cerate-branchial. pmas : premaxillary. chy ceratohyal. pop preopercle. den dentary. pot posttemporal. dsp dorsal rays. ppr parasphenoid process, ephy epihyal. pro prootic. epo epiotic. prs parasphenoid. eth ethmoid. pt pterotic. exo exoccipital. pter pterygoid. fr frontal. 8C supraclavicle. gny glossohyal. coc supraoccipital. hbr hypebranchial. sop subopercle. hco hypercoracoid. sph sphenotic. hhy hypohyal. sy symplectic. hy hyomandibular. V vomer. hyco hypocoracoid. vert vertebra. ihy interhyal. Starks. — Atelaxia. PLATE 1. Sti/lephorus chordatus Shaw. Station 4715. Lat. 2° 40.4' S. Long. 90° 19.3' W. 300 fathoms. 53 73 Staeks. — Atelaxia. PLATE 2. Styh})horus chordatus Shaw. Fig. A. Lateral view of cranium. Fig. B. Superior view of cranium. Starks. — Atelaxia. Plate 2. .oklv MAW d/Kj Staeks. — Atelaxia. PLATE 3. Stylephorus chordatus Shaw. Lateral bones of head. ■*-» X ■a Btabks. — Atelaxia. PLATE 4. Stylephorus chordatus Shaw. Fig. A. Hyoid and base of branchial arches. Lateral view. Fig. B. Hyoid and base of branchial arches. Superior view, showing hyoid bones turned outward horizontally with inner surface exposed. Starks. — Atelaxia. I'late 4. ii :L* ^i ^ Starks. — Atelaxia. PLATE 5. Stylephorus chordatus Shaw. Fig. A. Shoulder girdle. Outer surface. Fig. B. Section of vertebral column from near the middle of the body, showing interspinous rays and base of dorsal spines. 72 The following Publications of the Museum of Comparative Zoology are in preparation: — LOUIS CABOT. Immature State of the Odonata, Part IV. E. L. MARK. Studies on Lepidosteus, continued. " On Arachnactis. AGASSIZ and WHITMAN. Pelagic Fishes. Part II., with 14 Plates. A. AGASSIZ and H. L. CLARK. The " Albatross " Hawaiian Echini. S. CARMAN. The Plagiostomes. Reports on the Results of Dredging Operations In 1877, 1878, 1879, and 1880, in charge of Alex- ander Agassiz, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake," as follows : — C. HARTLAUB. The Comatulae of the "Blake," with 15 Plates. H. LUDWIG. The Genus Pentacrinus. A. MILNE EDWARDS and E. L. BOUVIER. The Crustacea of the " Blake. " A. E. VERRILL. The Alcyonaria of the " Blake." Reports on the Results of the Expedition of 1891 of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," Lieutenant Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, as follows: — A. AGASSIZ. W. A. HERDMAN. The Ascidians. S. J. HIOKSON^ The Antipathids. The Actinarians. E. L. MARK. Branchiocerianthus. JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens. P. SCH1EMENZ. The Pteropoda and Hete- ropods. THEO. STUDER. The Alcyonarians. The Salpidae and Doliolidae. H. B. WARD. The Sipunculids. W. MoM. WOODWORTH. The Annelids. The Pelagic Fauna. " The Panamic Deep-Sea Fauna. H. B. BIGELOW. The Siphonophores. K. BRANDT. The Sagittae. " The Thalassicolae. W. R. COE. The Nemerteans. W H DALL. The Mollusks. REINHARI) DOHRN. The Eyes of Deep- Sea Crustacea. ' H. J. HANSEN. The Cirrlpeds. " The Schizopods. HAROLD HEATH. Solenogaster. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, In charge of Alexander Agassiz, on theU. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N, Commanding, as follows : — G. W. MULLER. The Ostracods. A. AGASSIZ. The Echini. F. E. BEDDARD. The Earthworms. H. L CLARK. The Holothurians. W. H. DALL. The Mollusks. The Volcanic Rocks. The Coralliferous Limestones. J. M. FLINT. The Foraminifera and Radi- ol aria. S. HENSHAW and A. G. MAYER. The Insects. R. LENDENFELD and- F. URBAN. The Siliceous Sponges. H. LUDWIG. The Starfishes and Ophiurans. JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens. MARY J. RATH BUN. The Crustacea Decapoda. RICHARD RATHBUN. The Hydrocoral- lidae. G. O. SARS. The Copepods. L. STEJNEGER. The Reptiles. C. H. TOWNSEND. The Mammals, Birds, and Fishes. T. W. VAUGHAN. The Corals, Recent and Fossil. W. McM.~ WOODWORTH. The Annelida. PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE. There have been published of the Bulletin Vols. I. to XLIT., and also Vols. XLIV. to LI. ; of the Memoirs, Vols. I. to XXIV., and also Vols. XXVIII., XXIX., XXXI. to XXXIII. Vols. XLIIL, L1L, and LIII. of the Bulletin, and Vols. XXV., XXVI., XXVII., XXX., XXXIV., XXXV., XXXVI., XXXVII , and XXXVIII. of the Memoirs, are now in course of publication. The Bulletin and Memoirs are devoted to the publication of original work by the Professors and Assistants of the Museum, of investigations carried on by students and others in the different Laboratories of Natural History, and of work by specialists based upon the Museum Collections and Explorations. The following publications are in preparation : — Reports on the Results of Dredging Operations from 1877 to 1880, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake," Lieut. Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., Commanding. Reports on the Results of the Expedition of 1891 of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Command- ing, in charge of Alexander Agassiz. Reports on the Scientific Results of tue Expedition to the TropicaJ Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Pacific, in cluirge of 'Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," from October, 1904, to April, 1906, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding. Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory, Professor E. L. Mark, Director. Contributions from the Geological Laboratory. These publications are issued in numbers at irregular intervals ; one volume of the Bulletin (8vo) and half a volume of the Memoirs (4to) usually appear annually. Each number of the Bulletin and of the Memoirs is sold separately. A price list of the publications of the Museum will be sent on application to the Librarian of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 3 \ *<\ Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. LII. No. 3. NOTES ON CHIROPTERA. By Glover M. Allen. With One Plate. CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A. ; PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. Jri.y, 1008 Reports on vi;k BdJiCN'riifjd BagiiTie of the Expedition to the East- ern TROPJCAL PaC'^ ^ EN CH/. fdiE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," from October, 1901, to March, 1905, Lieutenant Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding, published or in preparation: A. AGASSIZ. V.6 General Report on the Ex- pedition. A. AGASSIZ. I.i Three Letters to Geo.' M. Bowers, U. S. Fish Com. A. AGASSIZ and H. L. CLARK. The Echini. F. E. BEDDARD. The Earthworms. H. B. BIGELOW. The Medusae. R. P. BIGELOW. The Stomatopods. S. F. CLARKE. VIII. « The Hydroids. W. R. COE. The Nemerteans L. J. COLE. The Pycnogonida. W. H. DALL. The Mollusks. C. R. EASTMAN. VII.' The Sharks' Teeth. B. W. EVERMANN. The Fishes. W. G. FARLOW. The Algae. S. GARMAN. XII. « The Reptiles. H. J. HANSEN. The Cirripeds. H. J. HANSEN. The Schizopods. S. HENSHAW. The Insects. W. E. HOYLE. The Cephalopods. C. A. KOFOID. 111.8 IX." The Protozoa. P. KRUMBACH. The Sagittae. R. VON LENDENFELD and F. URBAN. The Siliceous Sponges. H. LUDWIG. The Holothurians. H. LUDWIG. The Starfishes. H. LUDWIG. The Ophiurans. The Actinaria. G. W. MULLER. The Ostracods. JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens. MARY J. RATHBUN. X.10 The Crustacea iDecapoda. HARRIET RICHARDSON. II.s The Isopods. W. E. RITTER. IV.* The Tunicates. ALICE ROBERTSON. The Bryozoa. B. L. ROBINSON. The Plants. G. O. SARS. The Copepods. F. E. SCHULZE. XL" The Xenophyophoras. H. R. SIMROTH. The Pteropods and Hetero- pods. E. C. STARKS. XIII.13 Atelaxia. TH. STUDER. The Alcyonaria. T. W. VAUGHAN. VI.s The Corals. R. WOLTERECK. The AmphipoJs. W. McM. WOODWORTH. The Annelids. 1 Bull. 2 Bull. 3 Bull. * Bull. 6 Mem. * Bull. 1 Bull. 8 Mem. 9 Bull. 10 Mem. 11 Bull. 32 Bull. 13 Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 4, April, 1905, 22 pp. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 6, July, 1905, 4 pp., 1 pi. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 9, September, 1905, 5 pp., 1 pi. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 13, January, 190G, 22 pp., 3 pis. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXIII., January, 1906, 90 pp., 96 pis. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 3, August, 1906, 14 pp., 10 pis. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 4, November, 1906, 26 pp., 4 pis. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV., No. 1, February, 1907, 20 pp., 16 pis. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 6, February, 1907, 48 pp., 18 pis. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV., No. 2, August, 1907, 56 pp., 9 pis. M. C. Z., Vol. LI., No. 6, November, 1907, 22 pp., 1 pi. M. C. Z., Vol LII., No. 1, June, 1908, 14 pp., 1 pi. M. C. Z, Vol. LII., No 2, July, 1908, 8 pp., 5 pis. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. LII. No. 3. NOTES ON CHIROPTERA. By Glover M. Allen. With One Plate. CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A. ; PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. July, 1908. No. 3. — Notes on Chiroptera. By Glover M. Allen. The collection of bats in the Museum of Comparative Zoology con- tains upwards of 190 species, represented by skins, skeletal parts, and alcoholic specimens. Many of these specimens are of unusual interest. I have made the following notes while studying this material recently. In the case of certain imperfectly known species detailed series of measurements or other data of interest are given, and five species are described as new. Of especial note are the. collections received from the Thayer Expedi- tion to Brazil, made in 1865, under the direction of Louis Agassiz ; also a considerable number of Indian bats sent at about the same time by Rev. M. M. Carleton from northern India and the Koolloo Valley. More recently a valuable series of alcoholic specimens from Java and Japan was presented by Mr. Thomas Barbour, in part collected by himself in 1906-07. I am indebted to the authorities of the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology for the privilege of making this report, and to the United States National Museum, through Dr. M. W. Lyon, Jr., for the loan of certain specimens. All measurements are in millimeters, and colors are after Ridgway's Nomenclature of colors. I have followed the nomenclature and order adopted by Miller in his monograph on "The families and genera of bats" (Bull. 57, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1907). PTEROPIDAE. Cynopterus brachysoma Dobson. The collections of Mr. Thomas Barbour establish for the first time, apparently, the occurrence of two species of Cynopterus in the island of Java. The larger of these is clearly the Pteropus titthaecheilus of Temminck, noticed below ; the smaller species is represented by five adult females and four immature specimens, all from Buitenzorg. These I have with some hesitation referred to Cynopterus brachysoma of Dobson, with the description of which they closely agree, not with- 26 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. standing that the type came from Southern Andaman Island. All the specimens show the small lobe at the inner base of the outer margin of the ear, which Dob- son believed to be characteristic of his species. The margin of the ear is edged with whitish, though in some specimens this is apparent on the inner margin only. The fiugers also are whitish on both superior and inferior surfaces. This bat is probably closely related to C. scherzeri of the Nicobar Islands, but is clearly smaller and with a different skull. It approaches nearest to C. montanoi, but differs in numerous minor details if one may judge by the description. Should it eventually prove that the Javan auimal is distinct from C. brachyxoma of the Andaman Islands, it is probable that Gray's name, horxfieldi, would be available for it, although his description applies almost as well to C. titthaecheilus, save in the forearm length, which is given as " 2£ inches ? " (= 64 mm.). The following are the measurements of four adult females from Buitenzorg, Java, and for com- parison, Dobson's measurements (converted into millimeters) of the type of C. brachysoma from Southern Andaman Island are added. MEASUREMENTS OF CYNOPTERUS BRACHYSOMA. No. Head and Body. Tail. Ear. Fore- arm. Second Digit. Third Digit. Fifth Digit. Tibia. Foot. Dobson 74.0 6.4 15.0 55.5 — 101.5 76.0 20.3 13.0 6943 78.7 9.5 16.0 61.0 42.0 98.0 77.0 20.0 14.0 6945 83.0 8.7 17.0 62.0 43.5 103.8 78.3 21.0 14.5 6946 74.0 8.7 15.0 63.0 43.0 105.5 81.0 21.4 14.5 6947 81.5 7.3 16.5 61.5 40.0 97.0 78.5 21.3 12.0 It will be seen that Dobson's specimen had a slightly shorter forearm than the Javan ones, but the other dimensions seem to be about the same. The following cranial measurements are taken from the skull of No. 6946 : greatest length, 29.3; basal length, 26; interorbital constriction, 6.2; zygomatic breadth, 19 ; mastoid breadth, 12 ; mandible, 22 ; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 10 ; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 11. Cynopterus titthaecheilus (Temminck). Four adults of both sexes, and one immature female, were taken at Buitenzorg, Java, by Mr. Thomas Barbour. As shown by Miller (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1903, vol. 26, p. 474) this is doubtless the type locality, as Temminck gives the habitat of this species as "les iles de Java et de Sumatra" and mentions "une grande quantite de sujets captures a Buitenzorg." Mr. Miller's series of bats ALLEN : NOTES ON CHIROPTERA. 27 from Sumatra is stated to show no indication of a whitish border to the ears, but this character is plainly present in the alcoholic specimens obtained by Mr. Bar- bour in Java, and is mentioned also by Temmiuck. A Javanese specimen skinned out from alcohol agrees well in color with that described by the latter. MEASUREMENTS OF CYNOPTERUS TITTHAECHEILUS. No. Total Length. TaU. Ear. Fore- arm. Thumb. Second Digit. Third Digit. Fifth Digit. Tibia. Foot. 6934 6935 6936 115.0 117.5 118.0 11.5 10.0 9.0 20 21 21 78.5 78.5 79.0 33 33 33 53.5 53.0 53.0 128 130 130 100 97 102 31.0 34.0 31.3 19.0 18.6 18.0 In his original description, Temmiuck gives the following measurements (here converted into millimeters) : total length, 127 ; forearm, 76 ; distance from anterior comer of eye to tip of nostril, " 7 lignes," or about 15.5. The forearm measurement corresponds closely with that of our specimens, which are evidently larger than those from Sumatra referred by Mr. Miller to this species. It seems probable that the Sumatran bat is distinct. The following cranial measurements are from the skull of an adult male, No. 6937, from Buitenzorg, Java : greatest length, 36 ; basal length, 32 ; inter- orbital constriction, 6.5 ; zygomatic breadth, 23.8 ; mastoid breadth, 14 ; man- dible, 28 ; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 12.7; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 14. The collection also contains a mounted specimen labelled " Borneo," whose thumb and (dried) ear are smaller, but otherwise it is practically identical with this species. Its rauge may eventually be found to be more extensive than at present supposed. Ptenochirus lucasi (Dobson). Two alcoholic specimens from Sarawak, Borneo, agree well with the characters given by Dobson. Rousettus collaris (Illigeh). Two specimens, Nos. 6748, 9» 6749, g, from Cairo, Egypt, seem to be this species rather than R. aegyptiacus, and probably indicate nearly the northern limit of its range. They are preserved in alcohol, and measure as follows : tail, 13, 15.5; ear from crown, 18, 18; forearm, 93, 95; thumb, 35, 35; 2d digit, metacarpal, 47, 44.5; 1st phalanx, 9, 10; 2d phalanx, 10, 9.4; 3d digit, meta- carpal, 62, 62; 1st phalanx, 41, 42; 2d phalanx, 56.4, 57.7; 4th digit, meta- 28 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. carpal, 61.5, 60; 1st phalanx, 32.3, 31; 2d phalanx, 37-5, 36.5; 5th digit, metacarpal, 60, 59; 1st phalanx, 30, 29; 2d phalanx, 29, 27.5; tibia, 41, 40.6. Pteropus ariel, sp. nov. Type. — Adult male (skin and skull), No. 10,565, Museum of Comparative Zoology; collected at Male Atoll, Maldive Archipelago, by H. B. Bigelow, A. Agassiz Expedition, December 24, 1901. General Characters. — Color essentially as in "Pteropus giganteus (Briinn.), but size smaller; rostrum much bluuter and shorter, with a consequent crowding of the cheek teeth. Color. — Skin of face, muzzle, and chin black, thinly clothed with black and burnt-umber hairs ; throat and crown of head burnt umber, passing into ochraceous and ochre yellow on the nape and shoulders ; back black, with scattered grayish hairs and posteriorly with a slight admixture of brown hairs (nearly burnt umber). Chest and abdomen ferruginous or orange rufous, becoming blackish about the anal region and on the sides of the body. Membranes and ears black. Skull and Teeth. — Skull slightly narrower with narrower brain case and more slender zygomata as compared with Indian specimens of P. giganteus from the Koolloo Valley. The sagittal crest is as strongly developed and the teeth are as large as in P. giganteus, but the rostrum is conspicuously shorter and relatively broader, so that it does not taper as noticeably as in the continental species. In consequence of the shortened rostrum, the tooth row is also shortened and the teeth are more crowded. Measurements. — External measurements of the type skin (measurements in parentheses are from a skin of P. giganteus of approximately the same age, from Koolloo Valley, India) : ear, 30 (31.5) ; forearm, 160 ( - ) ; thumb, 63 (73.5) ; 2d digit, 115 (130); 3d digit, metacarpal, 105 (114); 1st phalanx, 77 (80.5); 2d phalanx, 112 (108.6); 4th digit, metacarpal, 107 (115); 1st phalanx, 64 (69); 2d phalanx, 66 (65 +) ; 5th digit, metacarpal, 112 (119); 1st phalanx, 45 (52) ; 2d phalanx, 52 (54) ; tibia, 74 ( - ); foot, 41 (47). Cranial measurements of the type (and in parentheses those of an adult from Koolloo Valley, India) : greatest length, 66 ( - ) ; basal length, 63 ( - ) ; inter- orbital constriction, 8 (8) ; zygomatic breadth, 36.7 (40.8) ; mastoid breadth, 21.4 (22); palatal notch to incisive foramen, 31 (36.4); mandible, 54 (56.5); maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 25.3 (28.3); mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 29.3 (31). Distribution. — So far as known, this species is confined to the Maldive Archipelago. Remarks. — In addition to the type there is an immature female in the collec- tion, also from Male Atoll. The sutures are still plainly visible in the skull, and a comparison with similar skulls of P. giganteus from Koolloo Valley, India, shows that the nasals, in addition to being much shorter, are wider in the middle, and expand less abruptly at the distal end. (See PI. 1, Figs. 1-4.) ALLEN : NOTES ON CHIROPTEEA. 29 The peculiar short, broad rostrum, and nasal bones, correlated with the slightly more crowded tooth row, as well as the lesser size of this bat, distinguish it readily from P. giganteus of the Indian mainland, which is doubtless its nearest ally. Pteropus ualanus Peters. Specimens of this bat seem to be rare in collections, so that it is desirable to include measurements of two males, Nos. 3272, 3273, alcoholic, from Strong's Island, Caroline group : ear, 23.4, 24 ; forearm, 130, 126 ; thumb, 57, 57 ; 2d digit, 92, 93.5 ; 3d digit, metacarpal, 93, 89.5 ; 1st phalanx, 65, 63; 2d phalanx, 96, 91.5 ; 4th digit, metacarpal, 90, 88; 1st phalanx, 53.3, 53; 2d phalanx, 57.5, 55.3; 5th digit, metacarpal, 94,93; 1st phalanx, 41,41; 2d phalanx, 42, 39; tibia, 56, 57 ; foot, 34, 35. Cranial measurements : greatest length, 62, 61 ; basal length, 55, 53.6; iuter- orbital constriction, 7, 6.3 ; zygomatic breadth, 39, 35 ; mastoid breadth, 22, 21 ; mandible, 48.5, 48 ; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 22.5, 22 ; man- dibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 24.7) 26. EMBALLONURIDAE. Emballonura nigrescens (Gray). Four specimens, collected by Mr. Thomas Barbour in Ternate, Moluccas, measure as follows : MEASUREMENTS OF EMBALLONURA NIGRESCENS. No. Sex. Total Length. Tail. Ear. Fore- arm. Third Digit. Tibia. Foot. 6795 6796 6797 6798 <3 9 9 46.5 53.0 50.0 52.0 13.5 15.0 13.6 15.0 9.5 9.0 9.0 9.3 34.0 35.7 35.4 35.4 54.0 56.0 54.5 54.0 11.0 12.0 11.0 11.6 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.5 Rhynchiscus naso (Wied). As pointed out by Miller, the Old World genus Emballonura is the most prim- itive of the family, and the only one possessing two permanent upper incisors on each side. It is therefore interesting to find that in a large embryo of Rhynchis- cus naso, from Porto Seguro, Brazil, there are 2-2 upper milk incisors, and in a series of nine adults from the same locality, three (Nos. 4212, 4217, 4219) have what appears to be a persistent upper milk incisor on the outer side of each per- manent incisor. These persistent teeth are so large as to appear like functional 30 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. teeth of the permanent dentition and are very similar in size and shape to these latter. The forearm measurement of the nine adults averages about 39.5 mm. (3S-41). Peropteryx canina (Wied). In a paper on the mammals of Margarita Island, Venezuela (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 1902, vol. 15, p. 95), I referred to "Peropteryx sp.," a single dam- aged specimen collected there in 1901. The Museum has since received an alco- holic specimen, No. 6952, from the same island, and it seems to agree essentially with specimens taken by Robinson and Lyon (Proc. U. S. Nat. -Mus., 1901, vol. 24, p. 159) at La Guaira, on the adjacent mainland. Its measurements are : tail, 13; forearm, 43.5 ; thumb, 8.5 ; 3d digit, metacarpal, 39.4 ; 1st phalanx, 11.6; 2d phalanx, 19; 4th digit, 50.3 ; 5th digit, 48.6 ; tibia, 18 ; foot, 7.6; calcar, 17. As the original description of P. canina contains no measurements of diagnostic value, the following dimensions are added, from a male specimen in alcohol taken at Rio das Yelhas, Brazil (Wied's specimens were from "Brazil") : tail, 13; forearm, 39 ; thumb, 8; 2d digit, 34; 3d digit, metacarpal, 36 ; 1st phalanx, 11.3 ; 2d phalanx, 19 ; 4th digit, metacarpal, 30; 1st phalanx, 8 ; 2d phalanx, 8; 5th digit, metacarpal, 30.2; 1st phalanx, 9.S ; 2d phalanx, 6.5; tibia, 18; foot, 7.4; calcar, 14.4. The dimensions of this Brazilian bat closely approximate those of P. trinitatis from Trinidad (see Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1899, vol. 12, p. ISO). NOCTILIONIDAE. Noctilio leporinus (Linne). Tour alcoholic specimens, from unknown locality, show an interesting variation in the proportions of the metacarpals. In No. 6769, the second and third meta- carpals are of equal length ; but in the three other individuals, the second meta- carpal is shorter than the third by 1, 2, and 4.7 mm. respectively. NYCTERIDAE. Nycteris javanica E. Geoffrot. A fine series of this species was procured by Mr. Thomas Barbour, from shal- low limestone caves near Buitenzorg, Java. Both sexes were found together in the caves, as well as numbers of immature bats whose pelage is uniformly smoky, instead of with the yellowish tint of the adults. An adult female, alcoholic, No. 6810, measures as follows: total length, 120; tail, 64; ear, 26.7; forearm, 49.5; thumb, 17-5; 2d digit, 43 ; 3d digit, metacarpal, 35.5 ; 1st phalanx, 24 ; 2d phalanx, 27-2 ; 4th digit, metacarpal, 40.3; 1st phalanx, 13.5 ; 2d phalanx, 12.2; 5th digit, metacarpal, 42; 1st phalanx, 14.5; 2d phalanx, 13; tibia, 23; foot, 11.3; calcar, 20.5. The forearm measurement of eight adults averages about 48.2 mm. (47-49.5). ALLEN : NOTES ON CHIROPTERA. 31 Nycteris aethiopica luteola Thomas. This receutly described race from British East Africa is "slightly larger" than typical N. aethiopica ; and as but three external measurements are given by Thomas (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1901, ser. 7, vol. 8, p. 30), I append the fol- lowing measurements of an alcoholic male, No. 3859, and female. No. 3860, both from Zanzibar: tail, 56, 56.8; ear, 27, 29; forearm, 49, 50.5; thumb, 14.6, 15.8; 2d digit, 39, 39; 3d digit, metacarpal, 36.5, 39; 1st phalanx, 25, 25; 2d phalanx, 23.8, 26.5; 4th digit, metacarpal, 49, 42; 1st phalanx, 15, 14.3; 2d phalanx, 11.3, 11.5; 5th digit, metacarpal, 41.3, 44; 1st phalanx, 13, 13.5; 2d phalanx, 12, 13; tibia, 22, 22.6; foot, 11, 11.5; calcar, 19, IS. 7- Another Zanzibar specimen is mentioned by Thomas as the one referred by Dobson (Proc. Zool. Soc London, 1879, p. 718) to N. aethiopica. MEGADERMIDAB. Megaderma trifolium E. Geoffrot. Two adult males and two adult females were collected by Mr. Thomas Barbour at Tjibodas, Java, in a deep cave called Tjibureum. This cave is at an altitude of about 4000 feet on the slopes of the volcano Pangarango, and it is here that the specimens of Megaderma from this portion of Java are taken, as the species seems to be local in its distribution. The Museum has also a fifth Javan speci- men presented by Mr. Alexander Agassiz some years ago. As the differences in size are very slight, that Andersen aud Wroughton (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1907, ser. 8, vol. 19, p. 120) have pointed out as characteristic of the Javan animal, it is of value to give the dimensions of those in the Museum collection. MEASURExMENTS OF MEGADERMA TRIFOLIUM. No. Head and Body. Ear. Fore- arm. Second Digit. Third Digit. Fifth Digit. Tibia. Foot. Nose leaf. Sex. 5980 64.5 37.0 54.5 47.4 96.0 75.0 30.5 16.0 12.0 fr'om Lagoa Sauta, Brazil, measures as follows: head and body, 47; tail, 9.3; ear, 19.6; forearm, 34.4; thumb, 7.6 ; 3d digit, metacarpal, 27 ; 1st phalanx, 10.5 ; 2d phalanx, 12 ; 3d phalanx, 9.8 ; 4th digit, metacarpal, 28 ; 1st phalanx, 8; 2d phalanx, 10; 5th digit, metacarpal, 28.5; 1st phalanx, 8.5; 2d phalanx, 7.7; tibia, 13; foot, 8.5; calcar, 7.5. Skull: greatest length, 18 ; basal length, 14 ; interorbital constriction, 4 ; zygomatic breadth, 8 ; mastoid breadth, 8.6; mandible, 11 ; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 6; man- dibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 7. A young female, No. 4944, from Pernambuco, Brazil, still retains both upper and lower milk canines and the upper milk incisors, in addition to the permanent teeth. Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas). The geographic variation of this species in the matter of size has led to the recognition of at least two races in northern South America and Panama. I therefore append the measurements of three Brazilian specimens, No. 3983 from Rio Janeiro, Nos. 4080, 4085, from Rio das Velhas, as an aid to the further definition of the precise range of the typical subspecies. MEASUREMENTS OF PHYLLOSTOMUS HASTATUS. No. Head and Body. Tail. Ear. Fore- arm. Thumb. Third Digit. Fifth Digit. Tibia. Foot. Calcar. 3983 107.0 17.0 32 87 16.0 162 108 31.5 21 22 4080 107.0 20.5 30 82 17.0 164 107 30.6 20 23 40S5 108.5 21.0 33 83 16.5 154 105 29.0 19 . 21 The skull of No. 3983 measures : greatest length, 39.4 ; basal length, 31 ; intero'bital constriction, 7-3 ; zygomatic breadth, 21.5 ; mastoid breadth, 21 ; mandible, 26 ; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 18.6 ; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 15.4. Phyllostomus hastatus panamensis J. A. Allen. I have referred to this race five well-made skins with skulls from Boruca, Costa Rica. Their measurements correspond fairly well with those given by Dr. J. A. Allen for the type, from Chiriqui, Panama. ALLEN: NOTES ON CHIROPTERA. 35 MEASUREMENTS OF PHYLLOSTOMUS HASTATUS PANAMENSIS. No. Forearm. Third Digit, Metacarp. First Phalanx. Second Phalanx. Fifth Digit, Metacarp. First Phalanx. Second Phalanx. 12,312 12,313 12,314 12,315 12,316 87.0 87.0 94.5 92.0 94.0 85.0 81.0 83.5 84.0 83.0 21.0 20.4 21.0 20.0 21.0 43.5 40.5 43.0 42.0 43.0 79.0 78.0 78.0 76.8 80.0 17.0 15.7 16.5 16.0 16.5 18.5 18.0 20.0 18.0 19.0 These specimens represent a reddish and a black phase, with one individual intermediate. Glossophaga soricina (Pallas). Three specimens from Zorritos, Peru, are a very little larger than others from Panama and Venezuela. Two of these are in the collection of the Peabody Mu- seum, Yale University, and the third is No. 6994, Museum of Comparative Zoology. The forearms measure 36.4, 38.5, and 37 mm. respectively, thus about equalling that of G. longirostris, from which, however, the Peruvian bats are very different in cranial characters. Additional specimens may show that the Peruvian Glossophaga is a distinct race. Glossophaga longirostris Miller. In addition to the type from the Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia, the collec- tion contains a large series of skins (without skulls) from Union Island and Carriacou, Lesser Antilles. The younger individuals are of a nearly uniform clove-brown, but the adults become brighter, approaching a Vandyke brown (as in the type) or Mars brown. Ten adults from Carriacou average: forearm, 37.6 mm. (36.5-39) ; tibia, 15 (14.5-16) ; these measurements are the same as those of Venezuelan specimens, and are constantly greater than those of the allied G. soricina (forearm, 33 mm. ; tibia, 13) that occurs with G. longirostris in northern South America. Lonchophylla hesperia, sp. nov. Type. — Adult male, alcoholic, No. 7011, Museum of Comparative Zoology; collected at Zorritos, Peru, by P. H. Bradley. General Characters. — Apparently similar to L. mordax Thomas, but larger throughout. 36 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. Description. — The color of the fur cannot now be determined accurately, as the specimens examined have been in alcohol for many years ; both above and below the bases of the hairs are pale tipped with darker. Thomas states that in the allied species, L. mordax, the hairs are cinnamon-brown above and wood-brown below, with whitish bases. Both above and below the fur of the body extends out on the membranes as far as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the middle of the femur ; a few scattered minute hairs on tibiae, toes, and lower surface of the interfemoral membrane. Ear oval, the inner margin slightly convex to the broadly rounded-off tip. Outer margin very slightly concave from the tip to the middle, thence slightly convex to the shallow basal notch, which is succeeded by a low rounded lobe. Tragus tongue-shaped, pointed, its inner margin thickened ; a small notch cuts off a basal lobe externally. Nose leaf triangular, slightly higher than broad, sides slightly concave at the upper third. Wings from the tarsus; interfemoral with its free edge slightly emarginate. Tail included in the basal third of in- terfemoral, but tip free on upper surface. The lower lip is marked by a deep triangular median furrow, the sides of which are bordered by about five small rounded lobules, the distal of which is expanded laterally into a thin flat plate. The shape of this expansion is not the same in all the specimens, and it may be partially divided by a shallow notch of varying depth. In the alcoholic specimens of Glossophaga examined, the lobules or papillae bor- dering the labial groove are all small and roundish, and do not show the expansion found in the terminal ones of Lonchophylla. Thomas (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1903, ser. 7, vol. 12, p. 459) in his description of the genus, was unable to deter- mine whether or not the labial groove was present, as his specimens were all dried skins. The Peruvian species, however, shows this groove, as well as the peculi- arities of the bordering papillae which may prove to be of generic value. (PI. 1, Fig- 7) Skull and Teeth. — The skull is long, with a narrow rostrum, and the lower jaw projects beyond the upper incisors. The symphysis is sharply keeled ; zygomata incompletely ossified. The lower incisors form a slightly convex row, and the outer ones on each side do not quite touch the canine. Lower canines simple and slender, but the upper canines have a very distinct postero-internal cingulum cusp, which does not seem to have been previously noticed in the genus. Upper and lower premolars slightly spaced, though the first lower premolar is practically in contact with the canine. Both the upper premolars and the second and third lower ones have each a slight cingulum cusp anteriorly and posteriorly. Measurements. — External measurements of the type : head and body, 60 ; tail, 9 ; depth of interfemoral, 21 ; forearm, 38 ; thumb, 9; 2d digit, metacarpal, 35 ; 3d digit, metacarpal, 41; 1st phalanx, 12; 2d phalanx, 20.6; 3d phalanx and tip, 8.5 ; 4th digit, metacarpal, 35.6; 1st phalanx, 9.5 ; 2d phalanx and tip, 12; 5th digit, metacarpal, 35.5; 1st phalanx, 9.7; 2d phalanx and tip, 11.5; tibia, 14 ; foot, 8 ; calcar, 8.8 ; ear from meatus, 14.5 ; tragus, 5.7 ; nose leaf from lip, 8. ALLEN: NOTES ON CHIKOPTERA. 37 Skull: greatest length, 28 ; basal length, 24.8 ; palatal length, 16 ; interorbital constriction, 4-7; breadth outside first molar, 5.6 ; mastoid breadth, 10 ; greatest breadth of brain case, 9.5 ; mandible, 20.3 ; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of in- cisors), 9; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 9.4. Remarks. — I am indebted to Professor A. E. Verrill, of Yale University, for the privilege of describing this species. The original lot contained three speci- mens, all from Zorritos, and one of these, the type, has been presented to the Museum of Comparative Zoology ; the two others are in the Peabody Museum at Yale. The type is slightly the smallest of the three ; the forearms of the two others measure 39.6 and 40.6 mm. respectively. The forearm of L. mordax, de- scribed by Thomas from Bahia, Brazil, is given as 34 mm., " all the specimens about the same," and the other measurements are correspondingly smaller in the eastern animal (3d digit, metacarpal, 31; 1st phalanx, 11.3; 5th digit, meta- carpal, 29 ; 1st phalanx, 8.5 ; greatest length of skull, 23.7). It is not unlikely that further research will discover intergrades from the region between Peru and the Brazilian coast ; but in the absence of these, the Peruvian bat may for the present stand as a full species. Additional measurements of the two other specimens at the Peabody Museum, New Haven, follow (original numbers are illegible) : MEASUREMENTS OF . LONCHOPHYLLA HESPERIA. Head and Body. Tail. Fore- arm. Thumb. Third Digit. Fourth Digit. Fifth Digit. Tibia. Calcar. Ear. 65 62 13.0 10.5 40.6 39.6 8.5 9.0 84 82 59.5 60.5 57.5 55.0 15.0 14.8 9.5 8.5 15 16 The tongue of the second specimen projects 21 mm. beyond the nose. Anoura geoflroyi Gray. A small series of adults and young was collected at Texolo, Vera Cruz, Mexico, on March 15, 1899. Lonchoglossa caudifera E. Geoffroy. A series of five alcoholic females from Rio Janeiro, Brazil, shows an interest- ing variation in the development of the rudimentary tail. In Nos. 4000 and 4001 it distinctly projects just beyond the free border of the uropatagium, and consists in the former of four vertebrae (outside the body), the terminal one of which is much shorter than the others, and whose combined length is 4 mm. In No. 4006 the tail is about 3.5 mm. long outside the body, and only reaches to 38 bulletin: museum of compakative zoology. within about 1 mm. of the free border of the iiiterfemoral membrane ; it, too, seems to consist of four vertebrae in the membrane, the terminal one of which is smallest and apparently somewhat cartilaginous. In No. 39S4 the tail is still further re- duced, and extends to within but 3 mm. of the free edge of the membrane, and only three external vertebrae are with certainty distinguishable. Vampyrops lineatus (E. Geoffroy). A series in alcohol from eastern Brazil (Bahia, Macaco, Minas Geraes) is referred to this species. The average forearm measurement of nine individuals is 47.7 mm., which closely approximates that (46 mm.) given by Lyon for a speci- men from Paraguay, the type locality. Vampyrodes major, sp. nov. Type. — k&ult female, alcoholic, No. 6756, Museum of Comparative Zoology; collected at San Pablo, Isthmus of Panama, by Allen Lesley. General Characters . — Allied to Vampyrodes caracciolae Thomas, but larger throughout. Description of Type. — It is now impossible to say what was the original color of the type, as it has been preserved in spirits for a number of years. The color of the fur in alcohol is burnt umber dorsally, similar but paler below. Two broad white stripes, starting one on each side of the nasal eminence, and 4 mm. apart at their origin dorsally, pass backward slightly above the eye to the upper posterior root of the ear. These stripes are about 3 mm. broad throughout. A second white stripe, less well defined, runs from below the anterior corner of the eye on each cheek to the outer base of the ear. A very narrow white stripe runs medi- ally from the occiput to the end of the spine. Tips of the wings whitish. Dorsally the fur extends out on the wing membranes as far as a line joining the elbow and the knee and along the dorsal surface of the forearm. There is a slight pubescence at the base of the thumb. The hind limbs are practically naked save for a few scattered short hairs; interfemoral membrane with a few long hairs from the median border ; inferior surfaces of the membranes naked ; base of the ears, posteriorly, covered with fur, and a thin tuft of long hairs on the inner anterior margin of the conch. Nose leaf well developed, its anterior border free, horseshoe-shaped ; the erect portion broadest at the base, tapering to the pointed summit, and with a central thickened, mitre-shaped area. On the lower lip is a large median glandular swell- ing, rounded, with a smaller oval swelling at each side at the edge of the lip. A row of five or six small roundish glands runs from the edge of the lip on each side down below the large central gland. A curved glandular swelling is present at the base of the nose leaf on each side. Inner margin of ear, regularly convex, summit rounded and somewhat flattened ; upper half of outer margin nearly straight ; lower half convex to the basal lobe, ALLEN: NOTES ON CHIKOPTERA. 39 whose outline is nearly semicircular but llattened. The outer basal three-fourths of the ear-couch is provided with about a dozen transverse rugae. Tragus thick, acuminate, triangular in section, with a basal lobe, succeeded distally by a deep notch. Measurements. — External measurements of the type : length of head and body, 76 ; eye to nostril, 7; ear from meatus, 20.5 ; ear from crown, 13.5 ; tragus, 6; forearm, 55.5; thumb, 15.3; 2d digit, metacarpal, 45; 3d digit, metacarpal, 54; 1st phalanx, 20 ; 2d phalanx, 30 ; 3d phalanx and cartilaginous tip, 17 ; 4th digit, metacarpal, 53 ; 1st phalanx, 16 ; 2d phalanx and tip, 21 ; 5th digit, metacarpal, 54.5; 1st phalanx, 12.4; 2d phalanx and tip, 17-5; tibia, 18.5; foot, 14; cal- car, 6 ; nose leaf, greatest length, 12.4 ; greatest width, 7 ; width of interfemoral membrane medially, 6.5. Skull and Teeth. — The skull is of the Vampyrops type, with broad short muzzle and narrow braiucase, with an evenly convex profile. The sagittal crest is only slightly developed. Dental formula : /2-2'°l-l' rM% -2' ^3 -3" The suppression of the metacone in the second upper molar gives that tooth a very flat appearance in side view as contrasted with the first upper molar. The skull of the. type measures : greatest length, 29; basal length, 22.8; interorbital constriction, 7 ; greatest width outside second upper molar, 13 ; palatal length, 15; zygomatic breadth, 18.5; mastoid breadth, 14.3; mandible, 20; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 10.5 ; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of iucisors), 11.6. Remarks. — Hitherto but one species of the genus Vampyrodes has been recog- nized, V. caracciolae (Thomas). This was described from a Trinidad specimen, which probably represents an island form. I have found no record of additional specimens from Trinidad, and its presence on the mainland of South America seems hitherto to have escaped notice. It is therefore of especial interest to find this larger representative of the genus in Panama. In addition to its greater size, there seem to be color differences as well, for Thomas does not mention the short inferior cheek stripe that is present in our specimen. Artibeus planirostris (Spix). In an adult male specimen from Bahia, Brazil, the evanescent third upper molar usually found in this species is absent on both sides, though in a second specimen from the same locality and a third from Rio Janeiro this tooth is pres- ent. No doubt the absence of this small molar in two specimens (Nos. 10,454, 10,455) from Bogaba and Boquete, Panama, respectively, led to their identifica- tion as young of Artibeus intermedins (Bangs, Chiriqui Mammalia. Bull. Mus. Comp. Z06L, 1902, vol. 39, p. 50), with the description of which they seemed to agree fairly well. As stated by Mr. Bangs, however, both specimens are quite 40 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. adult, and a more recent comparison with specimens of the two species shows conclusively that they are simply adults of planirostris that have lost the small upper third molar. Rehn (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1900, 1901, p. 756) mentions a Brazilian bat of this species that lacked the last upper molar on but one side, and a second that had lost both these teeth. No doubt they are com- monly deciduous in adults. For comparison with specimens from other localities, I have appended the external measurements of two alcoholic specimens, Nos. 197, 3076, from Bahia, Brazil (the type locality), and a third, No. 3854, from Rio Janeiro, Brazil, all in the Museum collection. MEASUREMENTS OF ARTIBEUS PLANIROSTRIS. No. Head and Body. Fore- arm. Thumb. Third Digit. Fifth Digit. Tibia. Foot. Calcar. Nose Leaf. Ear. 197 3076 3854 76 74 64.0 63.0 61.5 14.7 15.2 16.0 130.0 125.5 122.5 88.5 90.0 86.0 25.0 23.0 22.5 15.5 13.0 13.5 8.0 8.0 7.5 12.4 12.2 12.0 23.0 22.3 22.5 The following measurements are from the skull of No. 197, adult male, from Bahia: greatest length, 31.6; basal length, 25.5; palatal length, 16.3; inter- orbital constriction, 7; zygomatic breadth, 19; mastoid breadth, 17; mandible, 22.5; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 11.5 ; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 13 ; palatal width outside first molar, 14.3. Artibeus grenadensis (Andersen). Artibeus planirostris grenadensis Andersen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1906, ser. 7, vol. 18, p. 420. Mr. K. Andersen has recently named the island form of the planirostris group occurring on Grenada, but gives only the briefest diagnosis and no measurements. Two skins in the collection, taken at St. George, Grenada, are uniformly darker than specimens of planirostris from the neighboring mainland, nearly Prout's brown instead of clove brown, and are quite without indication of facial stripes. Their size is slightly less throughout than in continental planirostris from the type locality and from Panama. The skulls of the Grenada Artibeus are also smaller with slightly lighter dentition, and the second lower molar is very noticeably shorter. In one of our specimens the minute third upper molar is present, but in the other it is lacking on the left side, although the empty socket is still visible. In view of the marked differences as compared with its nearest geographical relatives, and its probable limited range, this form may stand as a species. ALLEN : NOTES ON CHIROPTERA. 41 Artibeus jamaicensis Leach. A single skin of this species from Kingston, Jamaica, measures as follows : head and body (collector's measurement), 86 ; ear, 18 ; forearm, 58 ; thumb, 14 ; 2d digit, metacarpal, 44; 3d digit, metacarpal, 53; 1st phalanx, 16.5; 2d phalanx, 27 ; 4th digit, metacarpal, 53 ; 1st phalanx, 14 ; 2d phalanx and tip, 20 ; 5th digit, metacarpal, 55; 1st phalanx, 11; 2d phalanx and tip, 16; foot, 16.5; calcar, 7. The Jamaican Artibeus seems more nearly allied to those of the planirostris group from its small size, indistinct facial stripes, and the minute grayish tipping of the body hairs, and differs greatly in general appearance from the larger inter- medins and palmarum in which the facial stripes are more clearly defined and the frosting of grayish tips is absent. Artibeus lituratus (Lichtenstein). Mr. Oldfield Thomas (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1901, ser. 7, vol. 8, pp. 192, 441) has revived Lichteustein's name for the large Artibeus of southern Brazil, but no measurements seem available in recent literature. I have therefore included the measurements of three adults, Nos. 188, 1277, 5004, taken at Rio Janeiro, Ma- caco, and near Santarem, Brazil, respectively. These specimens, with four others from Brazil, are preserved in alcohol. MEASUREMENTS OF ARTIBEUS LITURATUS. No. Head and Body. Fore- arm. Thumb. Third Digit. Fifth Digit. Tibia. Foot. Calcar. Nose Leaf. Ear. 188 1277 5004 80 88 82 72.5 74.0 70.5 18.5 17.0 17.0 142 155 146 94 106 103 25 27 25 17.0 17.3 18.0 8.5 9.0 9.0 13.5 13.3 14.0 22 24 23 The skull of No. 5004 measures : greatest length, 31 ; basal length, 24.2 ; pala- tal length, 15; interorbital constriction, 7 ; zygomatic breadth, 18.5; mastoid breadth, 17; mandible, 21.5 ; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 11; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 12; palatal width outside first molar, 13.4. Artibeus intermedius J. A. Allen. Four skins and skulls of this bat have recently been received from Boruca, near San Jose, Costa Rica (the type locality). These, with one exception, are adults and agree in being uniformly broccoli brown or drab above, and nearly Prout's 42 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. brown below, with a narrow facial stripe on each side from near the posterior base of the nose leaf to the ear. The forearm measurements of three of these specimens are 65, 70, 71-5 mm., respectively, or a trifle larger than that given for the type (65 mm.). The hair is nearly uniform in color to the base instead of having lighter bases as in A. jamaicensis and A. planirostris. Artibeus palmarum Allen and Chapman. This is a distinctly larger species than intermedins, without the bluish cast to the fur; it also seems to be decidedly more of a russet when adult. No. 10,471, adult female from Bogaba, Panama, is the specimen referred to as A. intermedins in Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1902, vol. 39, p. 50, but a comparison with Costa Ricau specimens shows that it is not that species. No doubt the range of A. palmarum is more southern, from Panama eastward along the northern coast of South Amer- ica. The type specimen of A. femur -villosum Bangs is also in the Museum collec- tion, and as pointed out by Dr. J. A. Allen (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1900, vol. 13, p. 89), is clearly A. palmarum as at present understood. This specimen is from La Concepcion, Colombia, and the name might therefore be applicable to the continental form, should it prove eventually to be distinct from that of Trinidad. The difference in size between A. palmarum and A. intermedins may be inferred from the fact that the third metacarpal of three specimens (from Bogaba, Panama, and La Concepcion, Colombia) averages 66.6 (65-6S.S), as against 62.7 (62-66) for four Costa Rican A. intermedins. Unfortunately the forearms are broken in the skius of two of our adult palmarum. In one from Panama, however, this bone is entire and measures about 77 mm. THYROPTERIDAE. Thyroptera albiventer (Tomes). The status of this species has hitherto been doubtful, and Miller in his recent synopsis of the genera of bats (Bull. 57, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1907, p. 192) says that but " two species are now recognized," viz., T. tricolor of Brazil, and T. discifera of northern South America and Central America. The same writer in a previous paper (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 1896, vol. 10, p. 109-112) summarized the characters wherein the four described species are supposed to differ, but through a lack of specimens was unable to determine the validity of any but T. discifera. The Museum collection contains a mounted specimen (No. 6277) of this genus from " Ecuador " that appears to be T. albiventer of Tomes, whose type came from the Rio Napo, near Quito, Ecuador. It differs from T. discifera, its probable nearest ally, in the color of the fur, which is about a Vandyke brown dorsally, but below, that of the chin, throat, and central parts of the chest and abdomen is whitish throughout, while that of the sides is a light Vandyke brown basally, with whitish tips. In a specimen of T. discifera from San Julian, Venezuela, the entire pelage is Vandyke brown, not darker at the bases of the hairs, while in our speci- ALLEN : NOTES ON CHIROPTERA. 43 men of T. albiventer the hairs are slightly darker at their bases than at their tips. This specimen does not seem to have become faded appreciably, notwithstanding its exposure in an exhibition case. The tail, as in T. disci/era, extends apparently just beyond the posterior border of the interfemoral membrane, thus differing from T. tricolor, in which from "one fourth to one third" is free from the interfemoral membrane. The third and fourth digits of the pes appear to show syndactylism, as in T. disci/era, though in the specimen as mounted this is a trifle difficult to determine. The measurements of our Ecuadorean specimen are not sensibly dif- ferent from those of T. disci/era. VESPEBTTLIONIDAE. Myotis adversus (Hoksfield). A single female, alcoholic, No. 6S69, was collected by Mr. Thomas Barbour at Buitenzorg, Java, and by him presented to the Museum. It measures as follows : head and body, 46 ; tail, 38 ; ear, 16 ; tragus, 6.6 ; forearm, 37 ; thumb, 6 ; 2d digit, metacarpal, 32 ; 1st phalanx, 3.6 ; 3d digit, metacarpal, 36.6 ; 1st phalanx, 14.5; 2d phalanx and tip, 19; 4th digit, metacarpal, 35; 1st phalanx, 10; 2d phalanx and tip, 11 ; 5th digit, metacarpal, 34; 1st phalanx, 8 ; 2d phalanx and tip, 9; tibia, 16; foot, 10; calcar, 14. Skull: greatest length, 15.5; basal length, 12.7 ; palatal length, 8 ; interorbital constriction, 3.5 ; zygomatic breadth, 9.4; mastoid breadth, 7.8; mandible, 11; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of in- cisors), 5.8 ; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 6.1. The large foot of this species is in marked contrast to the small delicate pes of M. muricola, which also occurs at Buitenzorcr. ■■&• Myotis gOUdoti (Smith). The collection contains two alcoholic females from Madagascar, Nos. 5986, 5987, whose measurements, on account of the paucity of such data, are here given, the second measurement in each case being that of No. 59S7 : head and body, 44,44; tail, 40.5, 42; ear, 17, 16; tragus, 6.5, 6; forearm, 41, 38.5; thumb, 7.7, 8.2; 2d digit, metacarpal, 37, 34; 3d digit, metacarpal, 38, 35; 1st phalanx, 13.6, 12 ; 2d phalanx and tip, 19.6, 19 ; 4th digit, metacarpal, 38, 34; 1st phalanx, 10.5, 10; 2d phalanx and tip, 11, 10; 5th digit, metacarpal, 36, 33.5 ; 1st phalanx, 9, 9 ; 2d phalanx and tip, 9, 9.8; tibia, 17, 16 ; foot, 10.6, 9; calcar, 13.8, 14.2. The skull of No. 5986 measures: greatest length, 15.5; basal length, 13 ; palatal length, 8 ; interorbital constriction, 3.5 ; zygomatic, breadth, 9.8 : mastoid breadth, 8 ; mandible, 11.5 ; maxillary tooth row (exclu- sive of incisors), 6 ; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 6.2. Myotis muricola (Hodgson). Two specimens from Sarawak, Borneo, are referable to this species, as well as a series of fourteen from Batavia and Buitenzorg, Java, collected by Mr. Thomas 44 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Barbour. The measurements of these bats are essentially the same as those recorded by Miller (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1903, vol. 26, p. 473) for a series from Simalur Island, near Sumatra. My otis lucifugus (Le Conte). The collection contains a large number of specimens from many localities, in- cluding Bay St. George, Newfoundland; Restigouche, New Brunswick; Oka- nogan and Vernon, British Columbia ; and Salt Lake, Utah. This is the common bat of the limestone caves of Kentucky, Indiana, and other adjoining States, where immense numbers are known to spend the winter. Notwithstanding Mil- ler's statement that "the skull of M. subulatus does not closely resemble that of M. lucifugus" it is nevertheless true that specimens of these two common and nearly related species of eastern and central North America are sometimes diffi- cult to distinguish from each other, especially if unaccompanied by skulls. In addition to the longer ears and longer, more sharply pointed tragus of subulatus, however, I have found a very constant and useful difference in the lengths of the metacarpal bones. In M. lucifugus the third metacarpal is longest, and forms with the fourth and fifth a graduated series. Usually each of the two latter bones is conspicuously shorter than the one preceding it, although in some individuals this difference is slight. In M . subulatus, however, the gradation is absent in the specimens that I have examined, with but two exceptions : a specimen from an unknown locality, with a slight gradation of the metacarpals ; and a second, locality unknown, in which this feature is more pronounced. It is not unlikely that in case of these two allied species, inhabiting much the same extent of ter- ritory, hybridization should occasionally take place. Three or four specimens in the collection are possibly hybrids between these two species. Thus No. 4423, from Missouri, has a large ear for lucifugus (length from meatus 16 mm., tragus, 7), though somewhat smaller than that of subulatus. The mandibular tooth row measures 7-3 mm., which is practically the same as for subulatus (as against 6-6.6 for lucifugus} ; the metacarpals are, further, intermediate in that the fourth and fifth, though both shorter than the third, are equal. Myotis californicus (Audubon and Bachman). The presence of this species in Colorado has only recently been established, although I find in the collection a skin with skull from Colorado City, Colo., that was taken August 2, 1871. There is likewise a second specimen labelled " Colo- rado." Two skins were collected in August, 1905, in Chihuahua, Mexico, by the John E. Thayer Expedition. Myotis nigricans (Wied). A considerable series of this bat from eastern Brazil, the type locality, has made it possible to compare typical specimens with alcoholics from Santa Marta, ALLEN : NOTES ON CHIROPTEKA. 45 Colombia, and from Panama. Those from northern South America seem identical in all respects with the Brazilian individuals. The second premolar of both jaws usually tends to be drawn in slightly from the tooth row. In one specimen, No. 42S6, from Lagoa Santa, Brazil, the second lower premolar of the left side is lacking, and the corresponding upper premolar is somewhat reduced in size. In No. 8061, from Santa Marta, Colombia, the minute second premolar is lackiug from the right maxillary row, and the first premolar stands nearly in the centre of the space between the third premolar and the canine. The tendency to lose this almost non-functional tooth is of interest as showing the probable future course of evolution, and a similar tendency is well known in various species of bats in case of these and other teeth. My otis subulatus (Sat). A skin with skull from Chihuahua, Mexico, was collected August 10, 1905, by the John E. Thayer Expedition, and seems typical in every way. The collection also contains specimens from Grand Menan, N. B., and Lake Edward, Quebec, to Arkansas. The possibility of hybridization occurring between this species and M- lucifugus has been mentioned under the latter. Pipistrellus abramus (Temminck). This species is common and generally distributed in southeastern Asia. Mr. Thomas Barbour collected a large series at Buitenzorg, Java, and also obtained four in alcohol from Oshima, Loo Choo Islands, and oue from Yokohama, Japan. This bat has not previously been recorded from the Loo Choos. The Javan series shows more or less individual variation. The forearm measurement of twenty- five specimens averages about 34.7 mm. (32.6-36.5). The outer upper incisor usually just exceeds the cusp of the inner incisor in vertical extent, but is worn down more rapidly than the latter, so that in old skulls it is distinctly shorter than the cusp. In one case, however, the outer, upper incisor is distinctly shorter than the cusp of the inner, although the teeth are apparently unworn. An adult female from Buitenzorg contained two large fetuses. Pterygistes lasiopterus (Schreber). Three adults in alcohol were obtained from Hondo, Japan, by Mr. Thomas Barbour, and by him presented to the Museum. Japanese and Chinese specimens are both currently referred to lasiopterus, but I have had no opportunity to com- pare the insular with continental examples. The dimensions of these specimens are here given. 46 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. MEASUREMENTS OF PTERYGISTES LASIOPTERUS. No. Head and Body. Fore- arm. Thumb. Third Digit. Fifth Digit. Tibia. Foot. Calcar. Ear. 6929 6930 6931 82.0 88.0 81.5 60.0 62.0 60.5 9.5 . 10.5 10.0 Ill 113 107 65.5 67.0 65.5 22 22 22 11.0 11.0 11.7 24 25 21 18.0 17.6 19.0 The skull of No. 6929 measures: greatest length, 22; basal length, 19.8; palatal length, 11; interorbital constriction, 5.6; mastoid breadth, 13; mandible, 17.2; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 8.6; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 9.3. Eptesicus nasutus (Dorson). This species seems to be rare in collections. A skin with skull from Amballa, India, agrees almost exactly with the measurements given by Dobson for the type from Scinde, India. He states, however, that the wing and interfemoral mem- branes are almost naked, but in our specimen the interfemoral is thinly haired from the knee about to the end of the third caudal vertebra. The following measurements are from the skin, No. 5147, from Amballa: forearm, 37; third finger, metacarpal, 34.5 ; 1st phalanx, 13 ; 2d phalanx, 11 ; 4th digit, metacarpal, 35; 1st phalanx, 12; 2d phalanx, 8; 5th finger, metacarpal, 34; 1st phalanx, 9; 2d phalanx, 6; tibia, 14; foot, 7- The skull approaches that of Vespertilio in the rather strongly marked con- cavity between the orbit and the nares on each side, but the nasal emargination is shallow, as in other members of the genus Eptesicus. The dimensions of the skull are : total length, 14.2 ; basal length, 13 ; palatal length, 7-5 ; interorbital constrictiou, 3.7 ; zygomatic breadth, 9.3; mastoid breadth, 8; mandible, 10.5; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 5 ; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 5.5. Scabrifer1 notius, sp. nov. Type. — Adult male, alcoholic, No. 4555, Museum of Comparative Zoology ; col- lected at Cape Town, Africa, and received from E. L. Layard. General Characters. — Size as in S.Jioweri (De Winton), but the fur very dark basally, with light tips. The curious wart-like papillae characteristic of this genus 1 Scabrifer, new name for Rhinopterus Miller, 1906, preoccupied by Rhinoptera Kuhl, 1841. ALLEN : NOTES ON CHIKOPTERA. 47 are sparsely scattered on both surfaces of the humerus, the forearm, finger boues, tail, and tibiae. Description of the Type. — Color of the fur in alcohol dorsally and ventrally nearly mummy brown, lighter, approaching hair brown at the tips. As the type has been immersed in alcohol for many years, it is possible that the fur is stdl darker in the living animal. The ears and muzzle are pale. Dorsally the fur covers the body thickly, but is practically absent from the membranes. The bases only of the ears are clothed, and the somewhat swollen muzzle is thinly clad with short minute hairs and sparser longer ones. Ventrally the membranes are likewise naked, save for the proximal half of the tail and inter- femoral, which are thinly covered with short hairs. The ear, laid forward, reaches nearly to the nostril ; it is rounded at the inner basal angle, then nearly straight in outline to the broadly rounded tip. Exter- nally there is a slight concavity below the tip, and the lower half is again nearly straight to the basal notch that separates off the low rounded terminal lobe. The tragus is narrow, bluntly pointed, and rather short. The wing membrane arises from the base of the toes. The calcar is strongly keeled, but without a terminal lobe. The tip of the tail is free for about 2.5 mm. The curious wart-like papillae characteristic of this genus seem much fewer than in S. flowed from the Soudan and are practically absent from the membranes, whereas in the latter species the upper side of the forearms, legs, and tail, and all the proximal portion of the wings and interfemoral membrane are thickly studded with them. In the new species there are dorsally some half-dozen papillae on the humerus, a few at the proximal end of the forearm, but a thicker cluster of from 15 to 20 at the distal end of the forearm ; a few are also scattered along the meta- carpals and phalanges, and on the dorsal surface of the femora, tibiae, and meta- tarsals, as well as at the region of the joints on the upper side of the tail. Ventrally the distribution of these warts is about the same, but they are more numerous on the humerus and almost wholly lacking on the fingers, tibiae, and tail. Skull and Teeth. — As stated by Miller, the skull resembles that of a small Eptesicus, and is somewhat flattened, with an almost straight dorsal profile. The inner upper incisors are long and slender with a faint indication of a cusp near the tip, laterally. The outer incisor is not quite half the height of the inner, and like that tooth has a strongly developed ciugulum that forms a slight cingulum cusp. The outer cusps of the mandibular molars are long and rather slender. Measurements. — The external measurements of the type are as follows-, head and body, 49; tail, 37 ; ear, 13.5 ; tragus, 5 ; forearm, 35 ; thumb, 5.3; 2d digit, metacarpal, 30.5 ; 3d digit, metacarpal, 32.3 ; 1st phalanx, 12.7 ; 2d phalanx, 9 ; 3d phalanx and tip, 7; 4th digit, metacarpal, 32.5 ; 1st phalanx, 12; 2d phalanx and tip, 8 ; 5th digit, metacarpal, 32.5 ; 1st phalanx, 9.2 ; 2d phalanx and tip, 5.6; tibia, 12.8; foot, 6. Skull : greatest length, 14.3 ; palatal length, 6.6 ; interorbital constriction, 3.6 ; mastoid breadth, 8; palatal breadth outside second molar, 5.6; mandible, 10.3; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisors), -5 ; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 5.5. 48 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. Remarks. — Srabrifer foweri from the White Nile and Soudan seems to he a pallid species, while the new species here described is dark-furred, with a much less development of the dermal papillae that give an encrusted appearance to those parts where they occur. The two appear not to differ in size. Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck). Seven specimens in alcohol were recently presented by Mr. Thomas Barbour, by whom they were collected at Sindauglaia, Java. The forearm measurement of these bats averages 27 mm. (26.5-27.4). Scoteinus pallidus (Dobson). The collection contains a series of skins with skulls from the Koolloo Valley, India. Pachyotus temrninckii (Hoesfield). Most recent writers have considered this Javan species identical with the Indian P. kuhlii Leach. A series from Buiteiizorg, Java, collected by Mr. Thomas Barbour, shows conclusively, however, that the iusular representative constitutes a very distinct species. In alcohol the Javan specimens are darker ventrally than kuhlii (apparently olivaceous instead of clear yellowish white) ; in addition, the measurements are smaller throughout. The measurements of the Javan bats follow. MEASUREMENTS OF PACHYOTUS TEMMINCKII. No. Head and Body. Tail. Fore- arm. Thumb. Third Digit. Fifth Digit. Tibia. Foot. Calcar. Ear. 6799 67 49 52.0 7.0 84.0 59 18.0 10.0 18.7 14.5 6800 63 46 52.0 7.5 83.0 58 18.8 10.0 17.0 14.5 6801 67 48 54.5 8.6 89.5 61 19.0 10.6 19.0 14.7 6802 62 47 53.0 8.7 88.0 61 19.0 10.3 18.0 15.3 6803 65 50 52.0 8.7 91.5 62 20.0 10.0 20.0 15.0 6804 69 48 54.0 8.0 92.0 64 19.7 9.5 19.5 15.0 6805 64 50 55.5 8.8 92.0 66 20.0 10.5 17.0 15.5 ALLEN: NOTES ON CHIKOPTEEA. 49 The skull of No. 6803, - CM True. — The fossil cetacean, Dorudon serratus. PLATE 2. Dorudon serratus Gibbes. Nasals. Superior aspect. Orbital plate of right frontal (three pieces). Superior aspect. Portion of right parietal, showing occipital and sagittal crests. Superior aspect. Portion of left zygomatic process. Lateral aspect. Portion of periotic ? Right lower canine, or incisor, with fragment of mandible. Lateral aspect. (Gibbes, 1847, Plate 3, figure 2.) Figs. 7-12. Teeth more or less broken. The crown of figure 7 has been restored incorrectly. (Figure 7 = Gibbes, 1847, Plate 2, figure 1. Figure 8 = Gibbes, Plate 4, figure 3.) Fig. 13. Atlas. Anterior aspect. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. c o O C I J .' / 10 Thiele. — Bathysciadium, Lepetella, und Addisonia. TAFEL 2. Fig. 11. Die beiden aussersten Platten, ebenso vergr. Fig. 12. Teil eines Querschnittes durch den Kopf von Bathysciadium pacificum, vor der Mundoffnung ; b, Teil der Kieme ; cop, Copulationsorgan mit der Samenrinne r; gc, Cerebralganglion ; kn, Knorpel ; mx, Kiefer. Fig. 13. Schnitt durch das Copulationsorgan mit dem Anfang des dorsalen Fortsatzes. Fig. 14. Seitenplatte der Radula derselben Art. Fig. 15. Querschnitt desselben Tieres unmittelbar vor dem Fusse, links ist das Hinterende des Zungenknorpels getroffen, dariiber bei ov das Vorder- ende der Keimdriise ; rs, Radulascheide ; st, Magen umgeben von der Vorderdarmdruse ; gl, Driisenstreifen ; i und fi, Darm ; ir, Enddarm (bis i, nach links reichend) ; b, Kieme (proximaler Teil) ; n, Niere ; p, Pericardium mit Herz c ; gd, Ausfiihrungsgang der Keimdriise ; rec, Vorderende des Ganges zum Receptaculum seminis. Fig. 16. Querschnitt durch den Kopf von Lepetella tubicola, der die Mundoffnung getroffen hat ; oe, Vorderdarm, die iibrigen Buchstaben wie in Figs. 12 und 15. z /.I, ? ' - r oi' I 12 :/■' ■ j 14 ■' The following Publications of the Museum of Comparative Zoology are in preparation: — LOUIS CABOT. Immature State of the Odonata, Part IV. E. L. MARK. Studies on Lepidosteus, continued. " On Aracbnactis. AGASSIZ and WHITMAN. Pelagic Fishes. Part II., with 14 Plates. A. AGASSIZ and H. L. CLARK. The " Albatross " Hawaiian Echini. S. QABMAN. The Plagiostomes. Reports on the Results of Dredging Operations In 1877, 1878, 1879, and 1880, in charge of Alex- ander Aqassiz, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake," as follows : — C. HARTLAUB. The Comatulae of the "Blake," with 15 Plates. H. LUDWIG. The Genus Pentacrinus. A. MILNE EDWARDS 'and E. L. BOUVIER. The Crustacea of the "Blake." A. E. VERRILL. The Alcyonaria of the " Blake." Reports on the Results of the Expedition of 1891 of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," Lieutenant Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, as follows: — A. AGASSIZ. The Pelagic Fauna. " The Panamic Deep-Sea Fauna. H. B. BIGELOW. The Sipbonophores. K. BRANDT. The Sagittae. " The Thalassicolae. O. CARLGREN. The Actinarians. W. R, COE. The Nemerteans. REINHARI) DOHRN. The Eyes of Deep- Sea Crustacea. H. J. HANSEN. The Cirripeds. " The Schizopods. HAROLD HEATH. Solenogaster. W. A. HERDMAN. The Ascidians. S. J. H1CKSON. The Antipathids. E. L. MARK. Branchiocerianthus. JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens. P. SCHIEMENZ. The Pteropods and Hete- ropods. THEO. STUDER. The Alcyonarians. The Salpidae and Doliolidae. H. B. WARD. The Sipunculids. W. McM. WOOD WORTH. The Annelids. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N, Commanding, as follows : — G. W. MULLER. The Ostracods. A. AGASSIZ. The Echini. F. E. BEDDARD. The Earthworms. H. L. CLARK. The Holothurians. The Volcanic Rocks. The Coralliferous Limestones. J. M. FLINT. The Foraminifera and Radi- olaria. S. HENSHAW and A. G. MAYER. The Insects. R. LENDENFELD and F. URBAN. The Siliceous Sponges. H. LUDWIG. The Starfishes and Ophi- urans. JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens. MARY J. RATH BUN. The Crustacea Decapoda. RICHARD RATHBUN. The Hydrocoral- lidae. G. O. SARS. The Copepods. L. STEJNEGER. The Reptiles. C. H. TOWNSEND. The Mammals, Birds, and Fishes. T. W. VAUGHAN. The Corals, Recent and Fossil. W. McM. WOOD WORTH. The Annelids. PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE. There have been published of the Bulletin Vols. I. to LI. ; of the Memoirs, Vols. I. to XXIV., and also Vols. XXVIIL, XXIX., XXXI. to XXXIII. Vols. LII. and LIII. of the Bulletin, and Vols. XXV., XXVI., XXVII. , XXX., XXXIV., XXXV., XXXVI., XXXVII., and XXXVIII. of the Memoirs, are now in course of publication. The Bulletin and Memoirs are devoted to the publication of original work by the Professors and Assistants of the Museum, of investigations carried on by students and others in the differed Laboratories of Natural History, and of work by specialists based upon the Museum Collections and Explorations. The following publications are in preparation : — Reports on the Results of Dredging Operations from 1877 to 1880, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake," Lieut. Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, IT. S. N., Commanding. Reports on the Results of the Expedition of 1891 of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Command- ing, in charge of Alexander Agassiz. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," from October, 1904, to April, 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S.N., Commanding. Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory, Professor E. L. Mark, Director. Contributions from the Geological Laboratory. These publications are issued in numbers at irregular intervals ; one volume of the Bulletin (8vo) and half a volume of the Memoirs (4to) usually appear annually. Each number of the Bulletin and of the Memoirs is sold separately. A price list of the publications of the Museum will be sent on application to the Librarian of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 3>l*°\ Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. LII. No. 6. ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE THAYER BRAZILIAN EXPEDITION. PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF TETRAGONOPTERID CHARACINS. By Carl H. Eigenmann. CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A. : PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. December, 1908. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the East- ern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieutenant Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding, published or in preparation: — A. AGASSIZ. V. « General Report on the Ex- pedition. A. AGASSIZ. I.1 Three Letters to Geo. M. Bowers, U. S. Fish Cora. A. AGASSIZ and H. L. CLARK. The Echini. F. E. BEDDARD. The Earthworms. H B. BIGELOW. The Medusae. R. P. BIGELOW. The Stomatopods. O. CARLGREN. The Actinaria. 8. F. CLARKE. VIII.« The Hydroids. W. R. COE. The Nemerteans. L. J. COLE. The Pycnogouida. W. H. DALL. XIV." The Mollusks. C. R. EASTMAN. VII.' The Sharks* Teeth. B. W. EVERMANN. The Fishes. W. G. FARLOW. The Algae. 8. G ARM AN. XII.12 The Reptiles. H. J. HANSEN. The Cirripeds. H. J. HANSEN. The Schizopods. 8. HENSHAW. The Insects. W. E. HOYLE. The Cephalopods. C. A. KOFOID. III.' IX.9 The Protozoa. P. KRUMBACH. The Sagittae. R. VON LENDENFELD and F. URBAN. The Siliceous Sponges. H. LUDWIG. The Holothurians. H. LUDWIG. The Starfishes. H. LUDWIG. The Ophiurans. G. W. MULLER. The Ostracods. JOHN MURRAY. The Bottom Specimens. MARY J. RATHBUN. X.1" The Crustacea Decapoda. HARRIET RICHARDSON. II.a The Isopods. W. E. RITTER. IV.* The Tunicates. ALICE ROBERTSON. The Bryozoa. B. L. ROBINSON. The Plants. G. 0. SARS. The Copepods. F. E. SCHULZE. XL11 The Xeuophyophoras. H. R. SIMROTH. The Ptevopods and Hetero- pods. E. C. STARKS. XIII.'3 Atelaxia. TH. STUDER. The Alcyonaria. JH. THIELE. XV.'S Bathysciadium. T. W. VAUOHAN. VI.« The Corals. R. WOLTERECK. The Amphipods. W. McM. WOODWORTH. The Annelids. » Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVJ., No. 4, April, 1905, 22 pp. > Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 6, July, 1905, 4 pp., 1 pi. » Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 9, September, 1905, 5 pp., 1 pi. « Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLVL, No. 13, January, 1906, 22 pp., 3 pis. « Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXIII., January, 1906, 90 pp., 96 pis. « Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 3, August, 1906, 14 pp., 10 pis. i Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 4, November, 1906, 26 pp., 4 pis. » Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV., No. 1, February, 1907, 20 pp., 15 pis. » Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. L., No. 6, February, 1907, 48 pp., 18 pis. io Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV., No. 2, August, 1907, 56 pp., 9 pis. " Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. LI., No. 6, November, 1907, 22 pp., 1 pi. 12 Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. LIL, No. 1, June, 1908, 14 pp., 1 pi. » Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. LIL, No. 2, July, 1908, 8 pp., 5 pis. « Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLIIL, No. 6, October, 1908, 2S5 pp., 22 pis. " Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. LIL, No. 5, October, 1908, 11 pp., 2 pis. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. LII. No. 6. ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE THAYER BRAZILIAN EXPEDITION. PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF TETRAGONOPTERID CHARACINS. By Carl H. Eigenmann. CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A. : PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. December, 1908. No. 6. — Zoological fiesults of the Thayer Brazilian Expedition. Preliminary descriptions of Neiv Genera and Species of Tetra- gonopterid Characins.1 By Carl H. Eigenmann. The following species, mostly collected during the Thayer Expedition, will be fully described and figured in a monograph of the Characidae to appear in the Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The monograph will be issued at irregular intervals, and the account of the Tetragonopterinae, which forms the first section of the systematic part of the monograph, will be delayed on account of the desirability of securing material from some of the South American rivers flowing north into the Caribbean. Gymnocorymbus, gen. nov. Resembling Moenkliausia, from which it differs in the naked predorsal line. Type. — Gymnocorymbus thayeri, sp. nov.2 Gymnocorymbus thayeri, sp. nov. Head 3.5 (average) ; depth 1.7 (average) ; D. 11 ; A. 34-41, usually 37 or 38. Very deep and very much compressed ; the ventral outline much greater than the dorsal, pendant, deepest at origin of aual. Snout very short, mouth very oblique. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate. Color similar to that of Tetragonopterus argenteus. A dark humeral bar fol- lowed by a lighter area, and this again by a bar less well-marked than the first ; area between the two bars, just above lateral line, bright silvery. Lower sides brassy ; fins hyaline to uniform dusky. Males with hooklets on aual. 1 Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of Indiana University, No. 99. 2 In memory of S. V. R. Thayer, a volunteer of the Thayer Expedition. 94 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Second air-bladder more or less boot-shaped. One hundred specimens, Amazons from Tabatinga to Gurupa. Thayeria, gen. nov.i Small, elongate Tetragonopterids, reaching a length of nearly 80 mm., dis- tinguished from all others by the unequally lobed caudal. Near Hemigrammus and Creatochanes. Type. — Thayeria obliquus, sp. nov. Thayeria obliquus, sp. nov. Head about equal to depth, 2.6 (in young)-3 in the length. D. 10^-11; A. 16 or 17, rarely 15 or 18. Little compressed, elongate, at occiput little deeper than length of head. Brassy ; anterior anal lobe dusky ; a light bar from base of upper caudal rays obliquely to tips of the three short rays above the middle ; a dark band from middle of caudal forward ; no humeral spot. Many specimens, 47-76 mm.