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MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

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Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy
AT HARVARD COLLEGE

Vou. 97

THE SALTICIDAE (Spiders) OF PANAMA

C.
SEP 19 1946
LiBRARY

ARTHUR M. CHICKERING
Albion College

_CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S. A.
PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM

SEPTEMBER, 1946

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Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
AT HARVARD COLLEGE

VoL. 97

THE SALTICIDAE (Spiders) OF PANAMA

ARTHUR M. CHICKERING
Albion College

CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. 8. A.
PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM

SEPTEMBER, 1946

<go of Com
a Zeology

SEP 19 1946

LIBRARY.

Par, é; >)

&
e

The Salticidae (Araneae) of Panama

ArtTHuR M. CHICKERING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Herne TO GLUING BION Soke ies Se ect oi aes epee eee eel ence ed ew EAN >

Lyssomaninae (Chinoscopus, Lyssomanes)...............-.-

Se) ETT SNS aie cae REP ee A Ses Mea A! SLR Ner ee aa A Od

Marpissa Group (Breda, Marpissa, Menemerus, Parkella). . .
MeatanGroups (tata, Micali nt. hy wea hee oe ae ee
Rudra Group (Balmaceda, Mabellina, Rudra).............
Thiodina Group (Albionella, Banksetosa, Carabella, Cotinusa,
Psecas, Scopocira, Thiodina, Toloella)..................
Phiale Group (Chapoda, Chira, Compsodecta, Corythalia,
Freya, Gorgasella, Monaga, Phiale, Plexippus, Sidusa)... .
ollashGrowp: (ollas) se ee ae ere ee ee ae
Metaphidippus Group (Ashtabula, Atelurius, Avitus, Beata,
Cheliferoides, Donaldius, Habronattus, Metaphidippus,
Parahentzia, Paraphidippus, Parnaenus, Phidippus)..... .
Amycus Group (Amycus, Cobanus, Titanattus)............
Zygoballus Group (Bryantella, Cylistella, Dryphias, Orvilleus,
ESF GD) SEN NNUIS) iL VSR BO a ok eee eR eae anes eh 262 as
Peckhamia Group (Peckhamia, Uluella)...................
Zuniga Group (Chirothecia, Descanso, Donatinus, Sebastira,
AZAUEDNSEE SNR ARS GR OR IN een IN A a RN Lit
Sarinda Group (Erica, Fluda, Myrmarachne, Paradamoetas,
Raranucasy carindas Simonella)e. ss. iss 25. | eee
PIM Say nares repr lew ehcet Ade Pept ga ake ke ack binishe. wee a te tS

Src] XO a ae ah Gan ee a Ramon ace ery ie Hid) cbacynatamaue nate MOR

Tega. SLOG east ei ae Os ec ciee ac n
Gomes Ota RY ae ae aes,
Ge eA SR 0 Re Nes 8 See
SECO ea a0) ORE meme ney ROLE:
C8 BR A TE am MCU ses i ea er
08 ANSI ae tara Re di fc aa a ee
60. BORG Weisel ie an en pia eo ie Oe ea

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 9)

F. Cambridge (’01) listed two hundred and sixty-six species of
Salticidae from all of Central America including many not in the
collections studied by him and known only from records made by
other students of the family. Petrunkevitch (’25) listed one hundred
and six species including several conjectured to be present in Panama
but not definitely recorded from the country. Among these were
described eight species as new to science. Banks (’29) reported sixty-
one species, mostly from the Canal zone. Twelve species were re-
garded as new to science. Chamberlin and Ivie (736) described
eighteen new species from my collection of 1928. Most of these have
proved to be synonyms of known species and are referred to in the
appropriate parts of this paper. From my collections of 1934, 1936,
and 1939 I have separated out one hundred and seventy-two species.
Among these eighty-one species are considered new and are described
as such. Twenty-nine holotypes are accompanied by their allotypes.
Twelve allotypes of previously known species have been identified
and described in detail, and numerous hypotypes have also been
described. Fourteen new genera have been established for those
. species which seemed to have no place among the known genera.
‘Altogether, more than two hundred species of Salticids are now
known from Panama.

The problem of the subdivision of the family Salticidae into sub-
families and smaller groups remains one of the major questions facing
ali arachnologists interested in the family. F. Cambridge (01)
divided all Central American Salticidae into two subfamilies, the
Toxeinae and the Salticinae. He included in the former all which he
considered pedunculate and in the latter all those not pedunculate.
While most students of the family would disagree with Cambridge
in respect to such a division into subfamilies, I believe he showed, on
the whole, a good understanding of natural relationships in his group-
ings within the Salticinae. Simon (’01) in his great Histoire Naturelle
des Araignées worked out a very complete but highly artificial system
of classification for the family. He divided all Salticidae into three
divisions, the Unidentati, Fissidentati, and the Pluridentati. Those
with no teeth on the retromargin of the fang groove he placed with
the Unidentati. In his Systema Aranearum, Petrunkevitch (’28) dis-
cussed the inadequacies of Simon’s system but found no satisfactory
alternative. This resulted in his making the same fundamental
subdivision into three major divisions after which he arranged Simon’s
“Groupes” into twenty-three subfamilies. Throughout his subsequent
writings this author (1929-1930, 1939, 1942) has followed the same

-6 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

system with minor changes although he has frequently expressed his
dissatisfaction with it.

Banks (29) recognized among his Panamanian spiders only the
subfamilies Attinae and Lyssomaninae. The former he separated into
the following groups: Marpissini, Rudrini, Dendryphantini, Habro-
cestini, Ballini, Amycini, Phyalini, and Synemosynini. Bryant (40)
followed Petrunkevitch’s Systema Aranearum “since it includes all
spider genera known up to that time and is the one at present used in
the Zodlogical Record”’.

After struggling with this problem for several years I have decided
to recognize for the present only two subfamilies, the Lyssomaninae
and the Salticinae. The latter I have broken up into several groups:
based upon what I regard as features which express a natural rela-
tionship. In the light of knowledge which has accumulated during
the past fifty years I think considerable success may attend the effort
to arrange all of the Salticidae from Panama into their natural groups,
although I realize quite well that few will be satisfied with my treat-
ment of these. It is, however, my earnest hope that the work pre-
sented in this paper will help later students of the family to resolve
the troukles which they are certain to encounter. For convenience, all
genera and species are arranged alphabetically within their respective
groups.

Through their generous support of my work, the directors of the
Horace H. and Mary A. Rackham Fund have made it possible for me
to spend the summers of 1934, 1936, and 1939 in Panama collecting
and studying in the field. Mr. Nathan Banks, Dr. Joseph C. Bequaert
and Miss Elizabeth B. Bryant, all of the Museum of Comparative
Zoblogy at Harvard College, have on numerous occasions since 1934
extended every courtesy of their laboratories to me. The use of the
collections of spiders in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy and
especially of the Peckham types of salticids have been of inestimable
value. A grant-in-aid for the summer of 1945 made by Dr. Thomas
Barbour, Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, made it
possible for me to complete this study. It is with a deep sense of
gratitude that I make acknowledgements for these specific aids and
for others too numerous to mention. Without the help of these sup-
porters and friends my work of the past ten years would have been
impossible.

I am also pleased to be able to state that all types established in this
paper are deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zodélogy.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 7

Family SALTICIDAE

Key to the subfamilies of Panamanian Salticidae

. Eyes in four distinct rows, the ALE definitely behind AME.
Lyssomaninae, (p. 7)

1. Eyes in three rows, the ALE not distinctly behind AME.

Salticinae, (p. 33)

—

LYSSOMANINAE!

Key to the genera of Lyssomaninae from Panama

1. Small and very slender spiders; with long slender legs; quadrangle

of laterals nearly twice as wide as long; AME protrude far beyond

base of; chelicerae: oe ey. akc ee. os ey Chinoscopus, (p. 7)

1. Larger and much more robust spiders; with moderately robust legs;

quadrangle of laterals much less than twice as wide as. long;
AME not greatly extended over base of chelicerae.

Lyssomanes, (p. 8)

Genus CHINOSCOPUS Simon, 1901

CHINOSCOPUS FLAVUS (Peckham), 1888
Figure 1

Asamonea flava Peckham, 1888
A. flava F. Cambridge, 1901
C. flavus Simon, 1901

C. flavus Petrunkevitch, 1911
C. flavus Banks, 1929

The Peckhams described this species from a female whose habitat
was given simply as Central America. There is, however, a specimen
in the Peckham collection from Chiriqui (Panama ?) labelled “Type’’.
F. Cambridge did not have the species in his collection. Banks (29)
discovered the male and gave it a brief description with a simple
figure of the palpus. His specimen was from Fort Davis, C. Z., July,
1924. I have collected both males and females in the following locali-
ties: Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June, August, 1939;
Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., August, 1939; Porto Bello, R. P.,

1 Lyssomonea saphes Chamberlin and Ivie is believed to be a synonym for Amycus benignus
(Peckham) and is so treated in this paper.

8 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

August, 1936. A detailed drawing of the palp is given here to bring
out the following features: patella short and without special modifica-
tions; tibia flattened and ridged in a way difficult to describe briefly;
bulb with keel-like structure at basal ‘retrolateral corner, much
swollen distally and with a finger-like process tipped by a short black
spine (Fig. 1).

Genus LyssoMANES Hentz, 1844

Petrunkevitch (’25) listed eight species of this genus as occurring in
Panama, but some were included because they had been reported from
Central America without definite locality. Banks (’29) reported four.
species of which two were described as new. I have been compelled to
transfer L. completus Banks to the genus Itata and to describe the
species reported by him as L. mandibulatus F. Cambridge as a new
species. A study of the type of L. patens Peckham has also enabled me
to synonymize L. trifurcatus F. Cambridge with it. Omitting the
species for which definite records are lacking, we may now consider
that we know of fifteen species which occur in Panama. They may be
listed as follows: L. banksi sp. nov.; L. bryantae sp. nov.; L. consimilis
Banks; L. deinognathus F. Cambridge; L. dissimilis Banks; L. elegans
F. Cambridge; L. eatonz sp. nov.; L. gemineus Peckham; L. montanus
sp. nov.; L. patens Peckham; L. parki sp. nov.; L. remotus Peckham;
L. shropshirei sp. nov.; L. simplicipes F. Cambridge; L. zeteki sp. nov.
Only three species are yet known from both sexes: L. dissimilis Banks;
L. gemineus Peckham; L. patens Peckham. I have a total of thirteen of
the known species in my collection.

Key to the species of Lyssomanes from Panama
Males

1. Palpal tibiae with a cluster of long slender dorsal spines usually near middle
of segment, at least somewhat swollen where spines are inserted (deinog-
nathus, dissimilis, jemineus, and ‘patens)-). 25. . <2). ssa. ee 2

1. Palpal tibiae without a cluster of long slender dorsal spines near middle of
segment, not swollen near middle of segment (bankst, consimilis, remotus,
simplicipes, and ‘zeteki). .... \ ce a. See eas onl tae eee 6

2. Retromargin of fang groove with eight teeth, the last three near base of fang
closely crowded together; from ten to thirteen dorsal distal spines on basal
segment of chelicerae; fang with a tooth near base on prolateral side;
distal half of first metatarsi well fringed; retrolateral distal palpal tibial
apophysis only a small nodule................. L. deinognathus (p. 17)

J

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 9

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 3
. Retromargin of fang groove with about seven distinct teeth, only one near

base of fang, but this one with a cusp at its base and a low tubercle
nearby; a group of about three fairly stout distal dorsal spines on basal
segment of chelicerae; fang without any tooth near its base; first metatar-
sus only weakly fringed if at all. Palp: retrolateral distal palpal apophysis
only a slight tubercle; embolus a long conspicuous prolateral stylus

L. dissimilis, (p. 17)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 4
. Retromargin of fang groove with eight spines, two close together near base

of fang, one large, one small; first metatarsi and first tibiae both well
fringed in distal third. Palp: distal tarsal apophysis bifurcated distally;
retrolateral distal tibial apophysis a small simple spur . L. jemineus (p. 21)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 5
. Retromargin of fang groove with six teeth, the last isolated and stout near

base of fang; basal segment of chelicerae without distal dorsal group or
cluster of spines; distal third of first metatarsi well fringed. Palp: retro-
lateral distal tibial apophysis a simple short blunt extension; distal tarsal
apophysis divided at base and again distally......... L. patens, (p. 26)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 6
. Retromargin of fang groove with nine teeth, three crowded together near

base of fang; basal segment of chelicerae with about seven dorsal distal
spines in a cluster. Palp: cymbium nearly three times as long as tarsal
bulb; distal tarsal palpal process a simple long stout curved hook; mem-
branous process clavate and of moderate length; tibial retrolateral distal
apophysis a blunt somewhat flattened spur. First metatarsi fringed
CHTOUgINdIstaly third eye Yh yet peeps ne iin ay tench L. banks1, (p. 12)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 7
. Retromargin of fang groove with seven teeth, none crowded together near

base of fang; basal segment of chelicerae without a cluster of dorsal distal
spines; first metatarsi not fringed. Palp: cymbium less than twice as long
as bulb; distal tarsal process a slender spine hooked distally and arising
from a massive base; membranous process of bulb short, broad; retro-
lateral tibial process a stout broad, nearly dorsal spur. L.consimilis, (p. 17)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 8
. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s description) Retromargin of fang groove with

five ? teeth; first metatarsi well fringed in distal third. Palp: cymbium
less than twice as long as bulb; distal tarsal process broad at base, but
distally ends in a simple hook; no long conspicuous embolus; prolateral
tarsal process a nearly straight spine attenuated distally.

L. remotus

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 9
. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s description) Retromargin of fang groove with

only three teeth, the outer one stout, near base of fang with two tubercles
at its base; basal segment of chelicerae with about nine distal dorsal

10 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

spines in a loose cluster; first metatarsi with only a scanty fringe in distal
quarter. Palp: tibia about five times as long as broad in middle; cymbium
more than twice as long as bulb; distal tarsal process massive at base,
terminating in a hook; tibial retrolateral apophysis a short, blunt spur.
L. simplicipes

9. Retromargin of fang groove with seven teeth and a low tubercle, the two
latter close together near base of fang; basal segment of chelicerae with a
cluster of six spines near distal end on dorsal surface; first metatarsi with-
out a fringe. Palp: tibia about 2.5 times as long as wide in middle; cym-
bium somewhat less than twice as long as bulb; distal tarsal process thin,
low, curved, and ends in a hook of moderate length; membranous process
short and blunt; prolateral process nearly straight, constricted and
pointed at tip; retrolateral distal tibial apophysis a short smail blunt spur. —
L. zeteki, (p. 29)

Females

Color is notoriously untrustworthy for use in keys, but its use may
aid to some extent.

1. Retromargin of fang groove with six teeth. First tibiae with four pairs of
ventral spines, none terminal. Color in alcohol: eyes on black spots, but
elsewhere unicolorous yellowish-white. Epigynum: no posterior marginal
notch; two large spermathecae near posterior border about the diameter
of one of them apart; with two small lateral openings in a transversely
depressed area just behind anterior border......... L. bryantae, (p. 14)

1. Not with combination of characters given above.....................- 2

2. Retromargin of fang groove with seven teeth. First tibiae with five pairs of
ventral spines, none terminal. Color in alcohol: yellowish-white with
eyes on black spots; considerable reddish hair in ocular area; grayish
along ventral border of carapace and also medially in posterior half;
abdomen with two dark dorsal stripes to middle where a transverse dark
band occurs, followed by a large dark transverse spot near posterior end.
Epigynum: posterior border gently scalloped but not notched; with two
oval spermathecae just in front of posterior border; two small curved
openings lateral in position near anterior border; several internal tubules
Visible s citee.t SL eR I eee L. dissimilis, (p. 17)

2. Not with combination of characters given above...................-.- 3

3. Retromargin of fang groove with seven teeth, last one near base of fang, the
largest. First tibiae with irregularity in placement of four pairs of ventral
spines. Color in alcohol: yellowish-white with eyes on black spots and a
small dark distal prolateral and retrolateral spot on first tibiae as well as a
small dark proximal retrolateral spot. Epigynum: with a deep but ob-
scure posterior marginal notch; two large spermathecae almost contigu-
ous; two small lateral openings near posterior border. . L. eatont, (p. 19)

3. Not with combination of characters given above...............:..--5- 4

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA alt

4. Retromargin of fang groove with five teeth, the last one large and some
distance from base of fang. First tibiae with three pairs of ventral spines,
none terminal. Color in alcohol: yellowish-white with eyes on black spots
and with some reddish hair in ocular area. Epigynum: with no distinct
posterior marginal notch; two large spermathecae near posterior border ,
about one half the diameter of one of them apart; a recurved slit near
anterior border probably endsin minute openings laterally. L.elegans, (p. 21)

4. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 5

5. Retromargin of fang groove with six teeth, last one largest and considerably
removed from base of fang. First tibiae with four pairs of ventral spines,
none terminal. Color in alcohol: generally yellowish-white with eyes on
black spots and considerable reddish hair in ocular area; two faint
grayish stripes dorsolaterally on abdomen. Epigynum: with a central,
nearly circular white body, whose borders lead to a shallow posterior
marginal notch, lying between two large spermathecae more than a
diameter of one of them apart; just anterior to central white body is a
pair of small openings in front of which are internal tubules transversely
[OLB GT| 5 G25-0 Pal ole eee iene tie) See eee tere L. jemineus, (p. 21)

5. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 6

6. Retromargin of fang groove with eight teeth, the last the largest and near
base of fang. First tibiae with four pairs of ventral spines. Color in
alcohol: generally yellowish-white with eyes on black spots and some
reddish hair in ocular area. Epigynum: plate large, moderately swollen;
a pair of small oval spermathecae close together and about one third of
length of plate from posterior border; anterior border a curved line; two
long, somewhat curved slits extend posteriorly from anterior border; a
very shallow and broad posterior marginal notch. . L. montanus, (p. 22)

6. Not with combination of characters given above..................-.-- 7

7. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s table) Epigyvnum: very simple; ‘a long,
broad, convex area, marked with four red-brown curvilinear spots, traces
of the oviducts and perhaps orifices, forming a rectangle longer than
[SIROHNGE”” siesiey hetero en dtines ae eA tai Vata Mie ea ek Wie L. patens, (p. 26)

7. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 8

8. Retromargin of fang groove with seven teeth, innermost the smallest,
outermost the largest. First tibiae with four pairs of ventral spines.
Color in alcohol: generally yellowish-white; eyes on black spots; con-
siderable red and white lanceolate hair in ocular area; a pair of small
dorsal gray spots near middle of abdomen and another pair of dorsal gray
spots elongated through last quarter. Epigynum: fairly large; with a
posterior marginal notch; central part of plate swollen; a pair of sper-
mathecae near posterior border more than twice the diameter of one of
them apart; anterior half of plate with a pair of fairly large shallow
EPTESSIONS He eam ee cee) cha aes ee Lah ae a ane L. parki, (p. 24)

8. Retromargin of fang groove with six or seven teeth, largest near base of
fang. First tibiae with four pairs of ventral spines, none terminal. Color

12 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

in alcohol: eyes on black spots with red and white lanceolate hair in
ocular area; generally yellowish-white; a pair of small grayish dorso-
lateral abdominal spots near posterior end. Epigynum: simple; a shallow
posterior marginal notch with a chamber dorsal to it; two large oval
spermathecae about a diameter of one of them apart; a pair of circular
areas about a diameter of one of them apart near anterior border.......

L. shropshiret, (p. 27)

LYSSOMANES BANKSI spec. nov.
Figures 2-4

Mr. Banks (29) collected a male of this species on the Canal Zone
Biological Area and identified it as L. mandibulatus F. Cambridge.
He also had a female which he considered to belong to the same species.
I have made a careful study of these and of my specimens and I have
been forced to consider them as representatives of a species new to
science, but probably closely related to L. mandibulatus F. Cambridge.

Male holotype. Total length (exclusive of the chelicerae) 5.76 mm.
Carapace 2.43 mm. long, 1.79 mm. wide at some distance behind PLE
which occupy about six thirteenths of the width of the carapace at
their level, 1.47 mm. tall and, therefore, .82 as tall as wide; all eyes
except AME on a raised platform; descent from PLE steep to posterior
border; the long median longitudinal thoracic groove begins a short
distance behind PLE and lies opposite widest part of carapace; with
very little hair except that on cephalic ocular platform where it is
highly colored as will be noted later.

Eyes. Eight eyes in four rows. First row slightly wider than second
row, in ratio of 49 : 47; second row wider than fourth row in ratio of
47 : 35, wider than third row in ratio of 47:25. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of 47 : 40. Total eye space occupies
nineteen thirty-sixths of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 25:13 : 2:12. AME barely separated
from one another, from ALE by three twenty-fifths of their diameter.
PME closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 8 : 13. Height of clypeus
equal to nine twenty-fifths the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated
with a brush of white appressed lanceolate hair over ventral two thirds
and a few fiery red hairs over dorsal third, three long, gently up-
turned, yellowish bristles in lower angle between AME, not in usual
triangular position but more in a downwardly curved row.

Chelicerae. Robust, strongly produced, strongly divergent from
bases, porrect, basal segment 1.92 mm. long, with well developed

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 13

basal boss; basal segment with two stout spines on medial margin of
dorsal surface about a quarter of its length from base, and a group of
six or seven dorsal spines near distal end. Fang long, fairly slender
and very sinuous. Fang groove with four promarginal teeth, one
obtuse near base of fang; another about two thirds from base of fang
and finally two more at medial end of groove; retromargin with a row
of six increasing in size from medial end of groove to near base of fang
where a group of three occur closely crowded together, thus making
nine in all (Fig. 4).

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in ratio of 2 : 1, moderately
dilated distally, middle of outer border hardly notched at all, outer
distal angle well rounded, distal border and outer border essentially
perpendicular to one another.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 10 : 9, basal excavations reach
about one third the length of organ, reaches well beyond middle of
maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, as wide as long, widest between second
coxae, nearly as wide between first and third coxae, anterior border
much wider than base of lip, posterior end broadly rounded, extends
slightly between fourth coxae which are separated by eight elevenths
of their diameter.

Legs. 1248. Tibial index of first leg 8, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals —
(All measurements in millimeters)

ils 3.00 1.02 2.81 2.54 51 9.88
Ze 2.49 .96 ~ 2.11 2.18 48 8.22
3. 2.18 83 1.86 2.18 O1 7.56
4. 2.18 65 1.92 2.37 O1 7.63
Palp 179 57 .90 = 1.34 4.60

All legs long and slender; with a moderate amount of hair; a somewhat
increased number of bristles at distal ends of first and second metatarsi
but no definite fringes or tufts.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral
0-1-1; patella 0; tibia prolateral O-O-1-0, retrolateral O—0-1-0,
ventral 2—2—-2-2 (not terminal); metatarsus only retrolateral 1-0-0,
ventral 2-2-2. Second leg: as in first except tibia ventral with irregu-
larity in placement and metatarsus prolateral 1-O-O0-0. Third leg:
femur as in first; patella only dorsal 0-0-1; tibia dorsal 1-0—1-0, pro-
lateral and retrolateral 0-1—O0-1-0, ventral 0-O0—-lr—0; metatarsus pro-

14 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

lateral 1-1-1, retrolateral 1-1-0, ventral 2-0-0. Fourth leg: femur
and patella as in third except femur retrolateral only distal 1; tibia
dorsal 1-0-1-0, prolateral and retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 0; meta-
tarsus 0. Palpal spines: femur dorsal 0-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral distal 1; patella only one dorsal distal; tibia only prolateral
0-1-0-0.

Palp. Femur long, slender, and only slightly bent ventrally; tibia
more than five times as long as broad in middle; tibia with no distinct
tuft of dorsal bristles, only five or six distributed over distal four
fifths; tibial retrolateral apophysis a single short blade-like process
apparently opposed to a sharp ridge on tarsus; tarsus complicated, with
a long slender clavate cymbium; bulb with four distinct processes at
distal end, the most retrolateral stout at base and slightly spiraloid
distally, the median process a low tubercle, the prolateral process a
stout distally spiraloid spine, the fourth process is a flat transparent
membranous structure which projects between what I consider the
embolus and the conductor (Figs. 2, 3).

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of nearly 3:1, widest one
fourth from base; all other features essentially as described for L. parki
sp. nov.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: light amber in general; ocular region
with much fiery red lanceolate hair, white below ALE and PLE.
Mouth parts and sternum different shades of amber. Legs: generally
light amber; first tarsi brownish and distal ends of first tibiae and
metatarsi likewise; other legs like first but lighter with third and
fourth tarsi light amber. Abdomen: yellowish-white with a pair of
grayish dorsolateral stripes from base to near spinnerets, almost
divided just behind the middle.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
C. Z., July, 1936. No paratypes.

LYSSOMANES BRYANTAE spec. nov.
Figure 5

Female holotype. Total length 7.36 mm..Carapace 2.69 mm. long,
1.98 mm. wide at some distance behind PLE which occupy slightly
more than one half the width of the carapace at their level, 1.47 mm.
tall and, therefore, .74 as tall as wide, all eyes except AME on elevated
cephalic platform, descent behind PLE at first very gradual and then
moderately steep to posterior border, widest opposite the long median

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 15

longitudinal thoracic groove which begins a little less than one third
of distance from PLE to posterior border, with a few bristles in region
of eyes and behind PLE, very little hair except the whitish lanceolate
hair which nearly covers area around eyes except AME.

Eyes. In four distinct rows. Second row wider than first in ratio
of 53 : 49, wider than fourth row in ratio of 53 : 40, wider than third
in ratio of 53 : 38. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of
53 : 32. Total eye space occupies seventeen thirty-ninths of length of
carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 24 :9 : 1.75:
9.5. AME separated from one another by one twenty-fifth of their
diameter, from ALE by four twenty-fifths of their diameter. PME
closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about 3 : 5. Height of clypeus
equal to one third the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated by one
long yellowish bristle just beneath outer border of AME and another
shorter one much below this, and the usual three long upturned
yellowish bristles in the lower angle between AME. A few white
lanceolate hairs around ventral part of border of AME.

Chelicerae. Robust, vertical, parallel, gibbous in front, with well
developed basal boss; each chelicera with the usual two fairly robust
spines on medial dorsal margin overlapping those from opposite side,
also a few small dorsal spines near distal end corresponding to those
which are usually conspicuous in this position in males; basal segment
1.15 mm. long. Fang fairly robust, curvature somewhat irregular.
Fang groove distinct; with three promarginal teeth in medial half;
retromargin with six teeth extending from medial end of groove to
near base of fang, first small, last largest and others about equal in
size.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2:1, somewhat dilated distally, with well developed scopula along
truncature, outer margin only slightly concave in middle, palp in-
serted into basal third, outer distal corner well rounded, with no
_ tubercle.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of 7 : 6, basal excavations reach
about one third of length of organ, reaches slightly beyond middle of
maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of about
29 : 23, widest between second coxae, but nearly as wide between
first and third; moderately convex; anterior border wider than base of
lip in ratio of about 13 :9; posterior end a bluntly rounded lobe
slightly extending between fourth coxae which are separated by nine
twentieths of their diameter.

16 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 10, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il. 2.49 LAs 2.69 2.56 .50 9.39
De 2.18 .98 2.06 2.09 45 7.76
35 2.07 90 1.86 etal 15, Usa
4. 1.98 .76 1.98 2.56 OU 7.85

All legs slender, with a small amount of simple hair and no special
fringes or tufts.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral.
0-1-1, patella 0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-O-1-0, ventral
2-2-2-2 (not terminal); metatarsus only prolateral 1-0-0, ventral
2-2-2. Second leg: as in first except metatarsus prolateral 1-0-0.
Third leg: femur as in first; patella only dorsal 0-0-1; tibia dorsal
1-0-1-0, prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 0-2-0; meta-
tarsus prolateral 1-0-1, retrolateral 1-1-0; ventral 2—-2-comb. Fourth
leg: femur only dorsal 1-1-1, retrolateral distal 1; patella as in third;
tibia as in third except ventral 0-O-lp (very slender); metatarsus
prolateral 0-1-1, retrolateral O-1-O0-O, ventral O-1p—lr—O0-comb.
Palpal spines: femur dorsal! 0-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1;
patella dorsal 0-0-1, prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 1-1;
tarsus with a whorl of five long spines near base, two prolateral near
distal end, and a short dark terminal spine.

Abdomen. Moderately stout, longer than wide in ratio of 68 : 27,
widest nearly one third from base, position of colulus not indicated.
Other features essentially the same as in other species of the genus.

Epigynum. Simple and of moderate size; with no posterior marginal
notch; two large spermathecae a short distance in front of the posterior
margin and about a diameter of one of them apart; anterior border a
slightly recurved margin behind which is a transversely depressed _
area bearing two minute openings (Fig. 5).

Color in alcohol. Nearly unicolorous yellowish-white throughout.
Eyes on black spots, but with a patch of white lanceolate hair covering
the raised ocular platform. Ungual tufts dark brown on all tarsi.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1934. Several paratype females from the same locality as the
holotype,’ June-July, 1934; Ft. Davis, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Madden
Dam, C. Z., Aug., 1939. Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., July-
Aug., 1989.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 17

LYSSOMANES CONSIMILIS Banks, 1929

Mr. Banks (29) had one male from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1924. There are also three undescribed females with the type
male, indicating that these were thought to be the females of the
species. I have carefully examined them and have been compelled to
decide that they belong elsewhere. The females which I suspect_of
going with the males of this species are those which I have described
as L. parki sp. nov., but I do not feel sufficiently certain to actually
unite them. I have numerous examples of L. consimilis Banks from
the following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June—July, 1934;
July—Aug., 1936; June—Aug., 1939; Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z.,
Aug., 1939.

LYSSOMANES DEINOGNATHUS F. Cambridge, 1900
L. deinognathus Petrunkevitch, 1911

One male from Ft. Sherman, C. Z., 1939, which agrees well with
Cambridge’s excellent figures and his description of this species from
Teapa, Mexico. A new record for Panama.

LYSSOMANES DISSIMILIS Banks, 1929
Figures 6-7

Mr. Banks (729) had two mature males, one immature male, and
seven mature females. One male was from Ft. Sherman, C. Z., all
others were from the Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1924. I have
six specimens, three of each sex, all from the Canal Zone Biological
Area in June—July, 1934 and 1936. My notes state that the females
had green legs and carapaces when taken. A figure of the epigynum is
furnished to bring out some features not shown in the original drawing.
This organ lacks a posterior marginal notch; with a pair of slit-like
depressions at the anterolateral angles of the epigynal plate (Fig. 7).
The fang groove in the female has three promarginal and seven retro-
marginal teeth. In the male the promargin has three teeth near the
medial end of the groove and a short blunt tooth near base of fang;
the retromargin has seven teeth, the longest being near base of fang.
Since the next to the last pair of tibial spines, counted as ventral by
the author of the species, is only slightly offset laterally it may be just
as well to continue to regard this as a species with five pairs of ventral
tibial spines. The palpal tibia has a cluster of stiff spines a little distal
of the middle (Fig. 6).

18 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Li Ue
U] wl)
a

\\\

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 1. | Chinoscopus flavus (Peckham), male palp, retrolateral view. ’

Figs. 2-4. Lyssomanes banksi Chickering; male palp, ventral and retrolateral
view, and left chelicera from below.

Fig. 5 L. bryantae Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 6-7. L. dissimilis Banks; tibia of male palp and epigynum.

Fig. 8. L. eatoni Cineeonne: epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 9 L. montanus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 10. J. parki Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 19

LYSSOMANES EATONI spec. nov.

Figure 8

Female holotype. Total length 5.89 mm. Carapace 2.37 mm. long,
1.60 mm. wide at some distance behind PLE which occupy half the
total width of the carapace at their level, 1.41 mm. tall and, therefore,
.88 as tall as wide, all eyes except AME on raised ocular platform and
somewhat more crowded than usual in the genus, descent quite steep
and regular from PLE to posterior border, widest part opposite long
median longitudinal thoracic groove which begins about one fourth of
the distance from PLE to posterior border, with little hair except
the yellowish-white lanceolate hair in ocular region and a few
bristles.

Eyes. Eight eyes in four rows. Anterior row wider than second row
in ratio of 50 : 37, wider than fourth row in ratio of 50 : 29, wider than
third row in ratio of 50 : 19. Quadrangle of laterals about as wide as
long. Total eye space occupies sixteen thirty-fifths of length of cara-
pace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 25:12 :2: 11.
AME almost contiguous, separated from ALE by one twelfth of their
diameter. PME closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about 7 : 11.
Height of clypeus equal to seven twenty-fifths of the diameter of
AME. Clypeus decorated only with three long upturned yellowish
bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical, moderately robust, basal segment
.90 mm. long, quite gibbous in front, with moderately developed basal
boss, with usual two spines (rather more slender than usual in the
genus) on each chelicera near middle of medial dorsal margin with
those from opposite sides overlapping one another, another slender
spine just a little distal to the middle in front and a group of very
short weak spines near distal end. Fang moderately slender. Fang
groove distinct; promargin apparently with four teeth, three close
together near medial end of groove and a single one isolated near
middle; retromargin with seven teeth increasing regularly in size from
the first, with longest interval between third and fourth.

Mazxillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2 : 1, moderately dilated distally, outer lateral border almost straight,
distal border curved smoothly around outer distal corner which has no
tubercle, with scopula moderately developed along truncature.

Iip. Longer than wide in ratio of 6 : 5, anterior border moderately
notched in middle, basal excavations reach about one third the length
of organ, reaches slightly beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal suture

20 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

gently procurved. Whole lip somewhat ridged along posterior surface
and moderately excavated laterally.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of about
5 : 4, moderately convex, widest between intervals separating second
and third coxae, anterior border wider than base of lip in ratio of about
5:3, posterior end a rounded lobule which extends about halfway
between fourth coxae which are separated by almost half their diam-
eter.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first and fourth legs 9.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
ite 2.62 1.02 2.30 2.05 56 8.55
2p 2.30 .90 1.92 1.94 51 7.57
oF 2.24 72 1.82 224 64 7.66
4. 2.30 .64 2.14 oft .64 8.47

All legs slender, with little hair, and no special fringes or tufts.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral
0-1-1; patella 0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-O-1-0, ventral on
right 2—2-1p-2 (not terminal) while on left 1p—2-lp-2; matatarsus
only ventral on right 1p—O-1p, but on left 2-lp-2. Second leg: one
lacking; femur and patella as in first; tibia prolateral and retrolateral
as in first, ventral 2-2—-l1p-2 (not terminal); metatarsus only ventral
2-Ip-lp. Third leg: femur as in first; patella only dorsal 0-0-1;
tibial scars seem to indicate dorsal 1-0-0-1, prolateral and retrolateral
0-1-1-0, ventral right 0, but left 0O-O-1p-0; metatarsus only ventral
2-2-comb. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral distal 1; patella as in third; tibial scars indicate dorsal 1-0-0-1,
retrolateral 0-1—-1-0, elsewhere 0; metatarsus apparently only ventral
0-ir-comb. Irregularity in spination seems to be a feature of this
species, at least in females. Palpal spines: femur seems to have only
two small distal spines (dorsal and retrolateral); patella only dorsal
distal 1; tibia only prolateral 1-1; tarsus with a whorl of five near base,
two prolateral near distal end, and also either a very slender straight
brownish spine or a stiff bristle at tip.

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of 55 : 22, widest near middle,
many whitish deposits of guanin beneath surface chitin; position of
colulus seems to be indicated by a broad low fold without special hairs.
Otherwise as described for other species in the genus.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 21

Epigynum. Posterior margin straight except for an obscure but
fairly deep notch; two very large and nearly contiguous spermathecae
lying just anterior to margin; at postero-lateral corners is a pair of
small openings (Fig. 8).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: yellowish-white with all eyes except
AME on black spots, and cephalic ocular platform with whitish
lanceolate hairs. Mouth parts and sternum unicolorous yellowish-
white. Legs: yellowish-white with small brownish spots; first leg with
a retrolateral distal femoral dark spot, tibial retrolateral distal and
proximal and prolateral distal dark spots, distal half of tarsus also
brown; second leg only with distal half of tarsus dark brown; third
and fourth legs only with retrolateral and prolateral distal tarsal dark
spots; third and fourth tibiae also with distal and proximal spots on
retrolateral and prolateral surfaces.

Type locality. Female holotype from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936.
No paratypes.

LYSSOMANES ELEGANS F. Cambridge, 1900

L. elegans Petrunkevitch, 1911
L. elegans Petrunkevitch, 1925

F. Cambridge had only females and the males still remain unknown.
The identification has to be made from the form of the epigynum, but
it is probably correct. A hypotype should be described in detail.
One specimen from the Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1934, and
one from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

LYSSOMANES JEMINEUS Peckham, 1888

L. jemineus Peckham, 1896

L. jemineus F. Cambridge, 1900
L. spinifer F. Cambridge, 1900
L. gemineus Simon, 1901

L. jemineus Petrunkevitch, 1911
L. spinifer Petrunkevitch, 1911
L. jemineus Petrunkevitch, 1925

Only a single male now remains of the type material upon which
the species was founded, but the description and the figures should
make it possible to identify the females as well as the males. The
type male is labelled from Panama by the Peckhams. L. spinifer
F. Cambridge in the Banks collection from Costa Rica is probably
identical with L. jemineus Peckham from Panama. In his comments

22 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

concerning L. spinifer Cambridge himself seemed to think it probable
that these two were the same. I think the evidence is now sufficiently
clear to enable us to adopt the synonymy given above. One specimen,
a female, from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936, and two females from
Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

LYSSOMANES MONTANUS spec. nov.
Figure 9

Female holotype. Total length 6.24 mm. Carapace 2.56 mm. long,
1.85 mm. wide at some distance behind PLE which occupy nineteen
thirty-sixths of the total width of the carapace at their level, 1.28
mm. tall and, therefore, .69 as tall as wide; all eyes except AME on a
raised cephalic platform; descent from just behind PLE moderately
steep to posterior border, the long median longitudinal thoracic
groove opposite widest part of carapace; with little hair except in
ocular area where the color occurs around eyes, a very few bristles.

Eyes. In four distinct rows. First row only slightly wider than
second row; second row wider than fourth row in ratio of 4 : 3, wider
than third row in ratio of 52 : 27. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 26 : 25. Total eye space occupies forty-three seventy-
sixths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE
= 26 : 15.5 : 2.75 : 15.5. AME barely separated from one another,
from ALE by one fifteenth of their diameter. PME closer to ALE
than to PLE in ratio of about 2 : 3. Height of clypeus equal to seven
twenty-sixths of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a
coat of white appressed lanceolate hairs which often shows a pinkish
iridescence, a few slender yellowish bristles along ventral margin,
two long slender yellowish bristles beneath each AME, and three long
upturned yellowish bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Fairly robust, vertical, mildly divergent, swollen in
front near middle, especially near medial border, basal boss well
developed, basal segment .94 mm. long. Fang rather slender, some-
what compressed, evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; with three
promarginal teeth, all near medial end of groove; retromargin with
eight teeth extending from medial end of groove to near base of fang;
both rows of teeth increase in size regularly from medial end of groove
to base of fang.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of 33 : 16,
very slightly notched in middle of outer border, outer distal corner
well rounded with no tubercle, angle between distal border and outer

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 23

lateral border more than ninety degrees, palp inserted into basal third.

Iip. Longer than wide in ratio of 20 : 17, basal excavations reach
one third of length of organ, reaches two thirds the length of maxillae.
Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of 53 : 45,
widest between second coxae, almost as wide between first and third
coxae, anterior border wider than base of lip in ratio of 5 : 3, moder-
ately convex, posterior end bluntly rounded, somewhat extended
between fourth coxae which are separated by one half their diameter.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 9, of fourth leg 8.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
2.88 1.20 2.50 2.43 64 9.65
2.56 .96 2.24 2.06 64 8.46
2.50 83 2.11 2.45 .67 8.56
2.50 std 2.18 2.94 .64 8.97

Coe

All legs long and slender, with a moderate amount of simple hair but
no fringes or special tufts.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral
0-1-1; patella 0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-0-1-0, ventral
2-2-2-2 (not terminal); metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-0-0,
ventral 2-2-2. Second leg as in first. Third leg: femur as in first;
patella only dorsal distal 1; tibia dorsal 0-0-1-0, prolateral and
retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 0-O-2-0; metatarsus prolateral and
retrolateral 1-0-0, ventral 2-2-0. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1,
prolateral and retrolateral only distal 1; patella as in third; tibia
dorsal 0-O0-1-0, prolateral and retrolateral 0-O-1-0, ventral 0; meta-
tarsus only ventral 0-lr-O0. Palpal spines: femur dorsal 0-0-1-1,
prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; tibia only prolateral and retro-
lateral 1-1; tarsus with a whorl of five near base and two more on
prolateral side near distal end, and a very stiff black bristle or a
slender spine at tip.

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of 58:21, widest about
one third from base, integument so transparent that heart shows
with great clarity; anal tubercle a short flattened cone, three pairs
of spinnerets as described for L. parki sp. nov; position of colulus
indicated by black hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets,
with a distinct lip but no tubercle. Many short recurved bristles all
over abdomen, more or less in rows along lateral sides.

24 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Epigynum. Epigynal plate large, moderately swollen, but simple;
only a very shallow posterior marginal notch; a pair of spermathecae
close together a short distance in front of notch; anterior boundary
a broad recurved line; two long curved slits probably mark the
position of the openings to interior; these slits often filled with a
gummy secretion (Fig. 9).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: yellowish-white with all eyes except
AME on black spots; area in center of region of PME and PLE and
dorsal to AME covered with white lanceolate hair; many orange-red
lanceolate hairs surrounding bases of all eyes except AME. Sternum
almost white. Mouth parts yellowish-white. Legs unicolorous light
amber above, lighter below. Abdomen: unicolorous yellowish-white.
A note indicates the specimens from El Valle were green when alive.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1939. Many paratypes from the same locality: June-July, 1934;
July—Aug., 1936; June-July, 1939; also El Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

LYSSOMANES PARKI spec. nov.
Figure 10

Female holotype. Total length 7.04 mm. Carapace 2.69 mm. long,
1.85 mm. wide considerably behind PLE which occupy only about
one half the total width of carapace at their level, 1.44 mm. tall and,
therefore, about .78 as tall as wide, all eyes except AME on elevated
cephalic platform, descent moderately steep from shortly behind
PLE, widest opposite long median longitudinal thoracic groove which
begins nearly one fifth of the distance from PLE to posterior border,
with a few bristles in region of eyes and a moderate amount of hair,
special areas of which will be noted under color.

Eyes. In four distinct rows. First row as wide as second row;
second row wider than fourth row in ratio of 18 : 13, wider than
third row in ratio of 9:5. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long
in ratio of 6 : 5. Total eye space occupies seven thirteenths of length
of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 27: 14:3:
14. AME separated from one another by one twenty-seventh of the
diameter of AME, from ALE by two twenty-sevenths of their diameter.
PME closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about 5 : 7. Height of
clypeus equal to one third of the diameter of AME. Clypeus deco-
rated by a rich covering of appressed whitish hairs which in certain
light has a pinkish iridescence, three long upturned bristles in lower

~

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 25

angle between AME, and a small group of bright red hairs above
the three bristles. AME white, all others dark.

Chelicerae. Robust, slightly divergent, rounded in front, with two
long erect spines on each chelicera arising about one third ftom base
and overlapping one another medially; also two other erect spines
on each chelicera extending forward from about the middle of front
surface. Fang strongly chitinized; of moderate size; somewhat con-
stricted about two fifths from base, somewhat irregular but hardly
sinuous. Fang groove distinct; with three promarginal teeth near
medial end, the innermost small; with seven retromarginal teeth, the
innermost very small, others of moderate size but increasing regularly
toward base of fang.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of 338 : 15,
considerably dilated distally, hardly notched at all in middle of outer
border, outer distal corner well rounded and with border continuous
with anterior margin, palp inserted into basal third.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of 20 : 17, basal excavations reach
one third of length of organ, reaches nearly two thirds the length of
maxillae, nearly rectangular in shape. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of 19 : 16,
widest between second coxae but nearly as wide between first and
third, anterior border wider than base of lip in ratio 25 : 17, moder-
ately convex, posterior end bluntly rounded, extends slightly between
fourth coxae which are separated by one third of their diameter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 8, of fourth leg 9.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)

i 3.01 1.15 2.75 PUT 60 10.28
2, 2.54 95 2.24 2.30 58 8.61
3 DRT 83 2rd 2.40 58 8.29
4. 2.43 20 2.24 2075 60 8.72

All legs slender, with a moderate amount of hair, but without special
fringes or tufts; spiny.

Spines. Nearly all spines are long and at least fairly robust. First
leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral 0-O0—-1-1, ventral 0;
patella only dorsal 0-0-1; tibia dorsal 0-O0-1-0, prolateral and retro-
lateral O0-O-1-0, ventral 2—2-2-2 (not terminal); metatarsus pro-
lateral and retrolateral 1-0-0, ventral 2-2-2-0. Second leg: same
as first. Third leg: femur and patella as in first and second; tibia

26 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

dorsal 1-0-1-0, prolateral and retrolateral 0—-1-1-0, ventral0—1r—1p—Ip;
metatarsus prolateral 1-0—0-1, retrolateral 1-O0-0-0, ventral 2—2-0-Ir.
Fourth leg: femur as in others except retrolateral only distal 1; patella
as in others; tibia as in third except ventral 0-O0-lr-0, metatarsus
prolateral 1—-0-O-0, retrolateral 0-1-1, ventral 0. Palpal spines:
femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella pro-
lateral 0-1-0, and dorsal distal 1; tibia prolateral 1-1, tarsus with a
whorl of four near proximal end.

Abdomen. Nearly cylindrical in general form, longer than wide in
ratio of about 3 : 1; anal tubercle a short flattened cone; three pairs
of spinnerets short and inconspicuous, with middle pair small and
hidden; position of colulus indicated by three or four black hairs;
tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets; with distinct lip but no
tubercle.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate fairly large; with a posterior marginal
notch; central part of plate swollen, with a pair of spermathecae far
apart near lateral margins; anterior half of plate with a pair of fairly
large shallow depressions, bounded anteriorly by a recurved border
(Fig. 10).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: yellowish-white with all eyes except
AME on black spots; medial to ALE, between ALE and PLE, and
between PLE are many fiery-red lanceolate hairs; in center of inter-
ocular area and ventral to all eyes except AME are white lanceolate
hairs. Mouth parts yellowish-white. Legs: yellowish-white except for
a very few gray spots, the most important of which are on retrolateral
surface of first patellae, and prolateral and retrolateral of first and
fourth tibiae near distal ends. Abdomen: yellowish-white with a pair
of small dorsal gray spots near middle and another pair of dorsal gray
spots elongated to extend through the last quarter.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1936; Eight female paratypes from same locality: June—July,
1934; Aug., 1936; June, 1939.

LYSSOMANES PATENS Peckham, 1896

. patens F. Cambridge, 1900
. trifurcatus F. Cambridge, 1900
. patens Petrunkevitch, 1911
. trifurcatus Petrunkevitch, 1911
. patens Petrunkevitch, 1925
. trifurcatus Petrunkevitch, 1925

ISHSelS Het lst ls

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA Di

A careful study of Peckham’s types with a comparison with my
example has convinced me that all belong to the same species. Cam-
bridge himself had doubts about the distinctions between his trifur-
catus and the Peckhams’ patens. His decision seems to have depended
upon his interpretation of Emerton’s drawings of the male in which
little if any clypeus is shown. The clypeus is present as usual and its
width is equal, in the type male, to about seven twenty-fifths of the
diameter of AME. There may ke more doubt concerning the identity
of the females but, even here, I think when material is available it will
be found that the females also belong to the same species. My collec-
tion includes but one mature male and no females, Canal Zone Bio-
logical Area, June, 1939.

LYSSOMANES SHROPSHIREI spec. nov.
Figure 11

Female holotype. Total length 6.14 mm. Carapace 2.37 mm. long,
1.84 mm. wide at some distance behind PLE which occupy twenty-
three fifty-thirds of total width of carapace at their level, 1.41 mm.
tall and, therefore, about .77 as tall as wide, all eyes except AME ona
moderately raised cephalic platform, descent quite steep from just
behind PLE to posterior border, widest opposite interval between
second and third coxae; with a long median longitudinal thoracic
groove beginning about one fifth of the distance from PLE to pos-
terior border, with very little hair except in ocular area where color is
located; only few bristles.

Eyes. In four distinct rows. First and second rows equal in length;
second row wider than fourth row in ratio of 25:17, wider than
third row in ratio of 5 : 3. Quadrangle of laterals wider in front than
long in ratio of about 5:4. Total eye space occupies one half the
length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE =
24:12 :2:11. AME separated from one another by one twenty-
fourth of their diameter, from ALE by one tenth of their diameter.
PME closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 8 : 13. Height of clypeus
equal to five twelfths the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with
a rich and somewhat iridescent coat of yellowish-white appressed
lanceolate hairs, and three yellowish bristles upturned, but not as
long as usual, in the lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Robust, slightly porrect, somewhat divergent from
bases, strongly rounded, full in middle, with well developed basal
boss, basal segment .90 mm. long, each chelicera with the usual pair

28 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

of long spines arising from medial dorsal margin near middle and
overlapping those from opposite side, also several smaller spines from
the medial surface of each chelicera in distal half and a group of
smaller spines on dorsal surface in distal half. Fang moderately
robust, somewhat constricted about two fifths from base, otherwise
smoothly curved. Fang groove distinct; promargin with three teeth,
all in medial half, two close together, the other and largest tooth
somewhat isolated; retromargin with six teeth on left and seven on
right occupying the whole margin, the largest near base of fang.

Mazillae. Slightly divergent, somewhat dilated distally, longer
than wide in middle in ratio of about 2:1, only slightly concave
along middle of outer border, with well developed scopula along
truncature, outer distal corner well rounded, without tubercle; palp
inserted into basal third.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 21 : 17, basal excavations barely
reach one third of its length, reaches nearly three fifths the length
of maxillae, slightly notched distally. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, widest at interval between second
and third coxae, longer than wide in ratio of 27 : 24, anterior border
wider than base of lip in ratio of 13 : 8, moderately convex, posterior
end a blunt rounded lobe extending about halfway between fourth
coxae which are separated by about seven seventeenths of their
diameter. All coxae of moderate length.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first and fourth legs 9.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 2.66 1.09 2.37 2.24 08 8.94
2. 2.24 .90 1.88 1.92 08 7.52
3. 2.21 83 1.66 1.98 08 7.26
4. 2.24 75 1.84 2.24 08 7.65

All legs fairly slender, with few hairs and without fringes or special
tufts.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral
0-1-1; patella 0, but with a long slender dorsal distal bristle; tibia
prolateral O-O-1-0, retrolateral 1 (weak)-0-1-0, ventral 2—2-2-2
(not terminal); metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-0-0, ventral
2-2-2 (not terminal). Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia
and metatarsus as in first except tibial retrolateral 0-O-1-0. Third
leg: femur as in first; patella only dorsal 0-0-1; tibia dorsal 1-0-1-0,
prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0-1-0, ventral 0-O-2-0; metatarsus

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 29

prolateral 1-0-1, retrolateral 1-0-0, ventral 2-2-0. Fourth leg:
femur as in first except retrolateral only distal 1; patella as in third;
tibia as in third except ventral 0; metatarsus prolateral and retro-
lateral 1-0-0, ventral 0-2-comb. Palpal spines: femur dorsal 0-1-1,
prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella only one long dorsal distal;
tibia only prolateral 1-1; tarsus with a whorl of four near base, two
or three weak prolaterals near distal end, and the usual dark brown
stiff terminal bristle or weak spine.

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of 12 : 5, widest about five
twelfths from base, fairly broad at base and tapered nearly to a point
at posterior end, dorsal and lateral surfaces with numerous short stiff
bristles directed backward, position of vestigial colulus indicated by
two hairs, other features essentially as described for other species in
_ the genus.

Epigynum. Simple; a shallow small posterior marginal notch has
a chamber dorsal to it; two large, somewhat obliquely placed sper-
mathecae in posterior half of plate; a pair of circular areas about a
diameter of one of them apart, each with what appears to be a small
opening in its center (Fig. 11).

Color in alcohol. Generally yellowish-white; with all eyes except
AME on black spots; area bounded by PME and PLE is whitish due
to presence of lanceolate hairs and the region just outside of ALE
and PLE is also whitish; region between AME and ALE, behind
PLE and between ALE and PLE covered with deep red lanceolate
hairs. Mouth parts and sternum yellowish-white. Legs generally
yellowish with ungual tufts brownish and first pair of tibiae with a
small prolateral distal and retrolateral distal brownish spot. Abdomen:
unicolorous yellowish-white except for a pair of small dorsolateral
grayish spots near posterior end.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1934. Three paratypes from Canal Zone Biological Area, June,
1939 and Ft. Sherman, C. Z., August, 1939.

LYSSOMANES ZETEKI spec. nov.
Figures 12-15

Male holotype. Total length 5.10 mm. Carapace 1.92 mm. long,
1.60 mm. wide at some distance behind PLE which occupy eleven
twenty-thirds of the total width of the carapace at their level, 1.08 mm.
tall and, therefore, .60 as tall as wide (relatively low because of unusual
width), all eyes except AME on a moderately raised cephalic platform

30 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

with PME on a small secondary tubercle, descent behind PLE at
first moderately steep and then in region of thoracic groove much
steeper to posterior border, ventral margin almost circular from
below ALE, with widest place opposite interval between second and
third coxae, long median longitudinal thoracic groove begins a little
more than one third of the distance from PLE to posterior border,
with very little hair except in ocular region and few bristles.

Eyes. Eight eyes in four distinct rows. Second row wider than
first row in ratio of 43 : 40, wider than fourth row in ratio of 48 : 32,
wider than third row in ratio of 43 : 28. Quadrangle of laterals wider
than long in ratio of 43 :30. Total eye space occupies twenty-one
forty-fifths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :
PLE = 20 :9:2:8. AME almost contiguous with one another,
separated from ALE by one tenth their diameter. PME closer to
ALE than to PLE in ratio of 4 : 5. Height of clypeus equal to seven
twentieths of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with
the usual three long upturned yellowish bristles in lower angle between
AME.

Chelicerae. Strongly produced, fairly robust, only moderately
porrect, strongly divergent from basal third, basal boss moderately
well developed, with basal segment 1.02 mm. long, each chelicera
with the usual two long slender spines extending from medial margin
of front surface and overlapping those of opposite side, another weak
spine near middle of front surface, and a group of six short distal
dorsal spines (Fig. 15). Fang slender, very sinuous. Fang groove
distinct; promargin with three teeth near medial end, the first which
is very small and difficult to see, and lastly a short blunt tooth near
base of fang, thus making four altogether; retromargin with a row of
five teeth beginning with a very small one and extending with gradual
increase in size to last one about one fifth from base of fang where
there is a group of two fairly robust teeth and a low broad tubercle
or ridge (Fig. 14).

Mazillae. Parallel, somewhat dilated distally, longer than wide in
middle in ratio of about 24 : 13, outer lateral border only slightly
concave in middle, outer distal corner well rounded, without tubercle,
well developed scopula along truncature. Palp inserted into basal
third.

Lip. Only slightly longer than wide, basal excavations reach about
one third the length of the organ, reaches to about the middle of
maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of 42 : 39,

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 3l

External anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 11. Lyssomanes shropshirei Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.
Figs. 12-13. L. zeteki Chickering; male palp, ventral and retrolateral view.
Figs. 14-15. L. zeteki Chickering; chelicera from below and from in front.

32 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

equally wide between second and third coxae, moderately convex,
especially between third coxae, anterior border wider than base of
lip in ratio of 4 : 3, posterior end a bluntly rounded lobe extended
about halfway between fourth coxae which are separated by two thirds
their diameter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first and fourth legs 9.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)

iL 2.36 83 1.98 2.04 AA 7.65
2. 1.95 75 1.58 1.72 AL 6.41
2. 1.98 69 a7 1.79 A4 6.37
4. 2.06 63 1.53 1.98 AA 6.64.
Palp 1.15 39 42 ou 1.10 3.05

All legs slender, with little hair, and no special fringes or tufts.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral
0-1-1; patella 0, with a distal dorsal bristle; tibia prolateral and
retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 2-2-2 (not terminal); metatarsus only
prolateral 1-0-0 (lacking on left), and ventral 2-2-2. Second leg:
same as first. Third leg: femur as in first; patella only dorsal 0-0-1;
tibia dorsal 1-0-1-0, prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 0;
metatarsus prolateral 1-1-1, retrolateral 1-1-0, ventral 2-0-0.
Fourth leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1;
patella as in third; tibia as in third; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1-0-0.
Palpal spines: femur dorsal 0-1-1, prolateral 1 weak distal; patella
dorsal 0-O-1 (long, slender); tibia dorsal 1-1.

Palp. Femur nearly straight; patella and tibia of moderate length
with latter only a little longer than former; tibia only with two long
slender prolateral spines, no tuft of bristles; tibial retrolateral apophysis
a very short spur; cymbium of moderate length for the genus, modified
at basal retrolateral angle contiguous to tibial spur; bulb with only
two prominent processes, an embolus ending in a short straight spine,
and a conductor ending in a short stout spine directed transversely.
The delicate membranous process apparently characteristic of all
Panamanian Lyssomanes is a short flattened structure between the
two prominent processes (Figs. 12-13).

Abdomen. Somewhat damaged; rather slender, longer than wide
in ratio of about 3:1, probably widest about one third from base,
anal tubercle a rather prominent broad cone; position of vestigial
colulus not indicated; other features essentially as described for
other species of the genus.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 33

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally yellowish-white with all eyes
except AME on black spots; a narrow marginal stripe on each side
from postero-lateral corners to just in front of PLE; a narrow grayish
central dorsal stripe from just behind PLE, the dorsal end of which
is light reddish-brown; a few bright orange-red lanceolate hairs
around all eyes except AME. Beneath each AME is a large light
reddish-brown spot which is the proximal end of a similarly colored
stripe which extends the length of the chelicerae. Elsewhere chelicerae
and other mouth parts yellowish white except the reddish brown
palpal tarsi. Sternum and legs unicolorous yellowish white except
the dark brown ungual tufts. Abdomen: two dorsolateral grayish
stripes of moderate width extend from base nearly to posterior end;
elsewhere yellowish white, except posterior pair of spinnerets which
are grayish along outer lateral surfaces.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area.
Taken from Berlese funnel sometime between July, 1943 and March,
1944 by Dr. James Zetek in whose honor the species is named.

SALTICINAE

For the purposes of this study it is believed that all of the genera
now known from Panama may be conveniently placed in the following
groups: Marpissa group; Itata group; Rudra group; Thiodina group;
Phiale group; Jollas group; Metaphidippus group; Amycus group;
Zygoballus group; Peckhamia group; Zuniga group; Sarinda group.

Key to the growps of Salticinae

1. Not ant-like; without a distinct pedicel, clearly seen from above........ 2
1. Distinctly ant-like; with a distinct pedicel, clearly seen from above... .10
2. Total eye space occupies not more than one half total length of carapace;
tibial ventral spines usually three pairs, but sometimes fewer; ventral
tibial spines always somewhat removed from proximal end of segment,
especially along promargin, frequently crowded into distal half; females
usually with a distinct posterior marginal notch in epigynal plate; cara-
pace usually of moderate height but sometimes low, usually with
gradual descent behind PLE; retromargin of fang groove with a single
simple tooth or a single fissidentate tooth; abdomen usually ovoid,
moderately stout, sometimes elongated and slightly flattened (Ashta-
bula, Atelurius, Avitus, Beata, Cheliferoides, Donaldius, Habronattus,
Metaphidippus, Parahentzia, Paraphidippus, Parnaenus)............
Metaphidippus group, (p. 246)

2. Not with combination of characters given above..................+:- 3

34 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

3. Total eye space occupies more than half the total length of carapace;
tibial ventral spines usually three pairs but may be fewer; ventral
tibial spines usually somewhat removed from proximal end, especially
on promargin; females usually with a posterior marginal notch in
epigynal plate but often obscure; carapace usually high, but sometimes
only moderately so; carapace usually precipitous behind PLE, but
sometimes only moderately so; retromargin with a single simple tooth
or a fissidentate tooth with or without additional modifications; abdo-
men ovoid (Bryantella, Cylistella, Dryphias, Orvilleus, Zygoballus)
Beh ASSES Mt ER era tia ee aot oo siblaly Zygoballus group, (p. 389)

3. Not with combination of characters given above................----- 4

4. Total eye space usually occupies about half total length of carapace, but
frequently occupies considerably less and sometimes more than half;
PME either about equidistant from ALE and PLE or closer to ALE,
or in Gorgasella closer to PLE; first leg never notably enlarged; legs
often with conspicuous fringes; first tibia with ventral spines not signifi-
cantly crowded toward distal end of segment; ventral tibial spines
usually three pairs, four in Gorgasella; retromargin of fang groove
usually with a single simple tooth, but sometimes with a single fissi-
dentate tooth; sternum scutiform, not strongly narrowed between first
coxae; carapace always moderately high and at least moderately broad;
abdomen ovoid; body often with bright colors (Chapoda, Chira, Comp-
sodecta, Corythalia, Freya, Gorgasella, Monaga, Phiale, Plexippus,
SiGuisay). «ie VAN 9 | Se ae eee mene rcs. eee tn Phiale group', (p. 111)

4, Not with combination of characters given above............-.------- 5

5. Total eye space occupies half or more than half the length of carapace;
PME equidistant from ALE and PLE, closer to ALE, or sometimes
closer to PLE; first leg not enlarged, with or without fringes; first
tibiae with ventral spines not crowded toward distal ends; retromargin
of fang groove with two or more teeth, or, sometimes, with a fissidentate
tooth (some females); sternum scutiform, usually broad between first
coxae; carapace high and relatively short, with posterior declivity steep
but not precipitous as in Zygoballus group (Amycus, Cobanus, Titan-
UCU) ree te couee Sans i eke Pactra macnn coy ane ae Amycus group, (p. 346)

5. Not with combination of characters given above.................--.-- 6

6. Total eye space occupies either a little more or a little less than half the
length of the carapace; PME usually closer to ALE than to PLE, but
rarely closer to PLE; first leg often somewhat enlarged, frequently with
fringes; first tibiae with ventral spines reduced in number and often also
in size, often with bulbous sensory hairs (Cotinusa, Thiodina, Banksetosa) ;
retromargin of fang groove usually with two or more teeth, but some-

‘The genera Capidava and Pensacola have not appeared in my collection but they should
have been included in my list of genera in the Phiale Group. Each genus is represented in
Panama by at least one species.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 30

times with only a single tooth; sternum usually broad, scutiform, some-
times much narrowed between first coxae, quite convex, sometimes
raised into a platform; carapace usually moderately low and broad,
sometimes low and elongated; abdomen usually slender, cylindriform,

but sometimes ovoid (Albionella, Banksetosa, Carabella, Cotinusa,
Psecas, Scopocira, Thiodina, Toloella)........ Thiodina group’, (p. 73)

6. Not with combination of characters given above...................-. 0
7. Total eye space occupies half or less than half the length of the carapace;
PME closer to ALE than to PLE; first pair of legs more or less enlarged,
without fringes; first tibiae either with well developed ventral spines
somewhat crowded toward distal end or well spread over the segment;
_retromargin of fang groove always with a fissidentate tooth; sternum
broad, widest between second or third coxae, moderately convex, only
moderately narrowed between first coxae; carapace moderately low to

low; abdomen either ovoid or moderately elongate, only slightly flat-
tened (Balmaceda, Mabellina, Rudra)........... Rudra group, (p. 57)

7. Not with combination of characters given above............-.-.-.--- 8
8. Total eye space occupies slightly less than half the length of the carapace;
PME about midway between ALE and PLE; first pair of legs usually
somewhat enlarged, often with fringes; first tibiae either with well devel-
oped ventral spines or with these reduced in number and size; retro-
margin of fang groove with a single simple tooth; sternum fairly broad,
widest between second or third coxae, usually much narrowed between

first coxae; carapace moderately broad to broad, moderately low to low;
abdomen slightly elongated, with some tendency toward flattening.
(Breda, Marpissa, Menemerus, Parkella)..... Marpissa group, (p. 36)

8. Not with combination of characters given above...................-- 9
9. Total eye space occupies less than half the length of carapace; PME
nearer to ALE than to PLE; first pair of legs with at least femora
enlarged, often with well developed fringes; legs either with well devel-
oped spines or with spines almost totally lacking; retromargin of fang
groove with a single simple tooth; sternum either long and narrow or
fairly broad; carapace low, long and narrow or low and broad at level

of PLE; abdomen long and slender (Itata, Mica)... tata group, (p. 54)

9. Total eye space occupies about half or more than half the length of cara-
pace; PME closer to PLE than to ALE; first pair of legs not notably
enlarged, without fringes; first pair of tibiae with three pairs of ventral
spines, but more or less reduction: of number of spines especially on
posterior two pairs of legs; retromargin of fang groove without teeth;
sternum broadly scutiform, fairly wide between first coxae; carapace
moderately high and relatively broad; abdomen ovoid (Jollas)........
Jollas group, (p. 241)

10. Retromargin of fang groove with a single fissidentate tooth; abdomen

1 The genus Colonus was inadvertently omitted from the list of genera in the Thiodina Group.
The genus is at present represented in Panama by Colonus crucifer F. Cambridge.

36

10.
1

11.

="

Ne

ot

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

moderately stout; neither carapace nor abdomen deeply constricted
(ReckhamiayUluella) Sanen- eae meeaee lee Peckhamia group, (p. 414)

Not with combination of characters given above.................... 11
Retromargin of fang groove usually with a single simple tooth, but some-

times with a fissidentate tooth; abdomen ovoid with not more than a
slight constriction; carapace narrow and much rounded dorsally behind
PLE or much shorter and broader behind PLE (Chirothecia, Descanso,
Donatinus, Sebastira, Zuniga)................ Zuniga group, (p. 425)

Retromargin of fang groove with two or more small teeth (Paradamoetas

has only one); abdomen either ovoid with not more than a shallow
constriction, or elongated with a deep constriction; carapace either
relatively short with little constriction, or long and narrow with deep
constriction (Erica, Fluda, Myrmarachne, Paradamoetas, Parafluda,
Sarinda)ssimonella) ey 4 Sane eee Bae Sarinda group, (p. 453)

MARPISSA GROUP
Key to the genera of the Marpissa Group

. Generally very hairy; with clusters of long curved black bristles beneath

and behind PME; anterior row of eyes wider than posterior row which
occupy about three fifths of width of the very broad carapace; total eye
space occupies much less than one half the length of carapace; leg
Spines numerous Ones eee ene eee eee Marpissa, (p. 44)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................- 2
Moderately hairy; with long curved black bristles in ocular area, not in

clusters; anterior row of eyes about as wide as posterior row which oc-
cupy about five sixths of width of carapace which is not much broadened
and has nearly parallel sides; total eye space occupies a little more than
two fifths of length of carapace; leg spines somewhat reduced.........

Menemerus, (p. 48)

Not with combination of characters given above....................- 3
. Not notably hairy, often with little hair on carapace; long black bristles

in ocular area not especially prominent; anterior row of eyes as wide as
posterior row which occupy about three fourths of width of carapace
which is not much broadened and is gently rounded laterally; total eye
space occupies from two fifths to about one half the length of carapace;
leg spines definitely reduced in size and number, often only cusps. ....

Breda, (p. 37)

. Almost devoid of hair; without long curved black bristles in ocular area;

posterior row of eyes slightly wider than anterior row; PLE occupy
nearly full width of carapace which is considerably broadened and
gently rounded laterally; total eye space occupies about one half the
length of carapace; leg spines moderately reduced in number and size. .

Parkella, (p. 48)

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 37

Genus Brepa Peckham, 1894
Key to the species of Breda from Panama

1. A large species, 10-15 mm. long; with a broad bright colored median
dorsal abdominal stripe, broadened in posterior half. B. milvina, (p. 37)
1. Much smaller species; without any broad bright colored median stripe. .2
2. With a less distinctly outlined median lighter colored dorsal abdominal
stripe extending from base to a narrow light colored transverse band;
with posterior third of abdomen black.............. B. notata, (p. 39)
2. Without any median dorsal abdominal stripe; with a pair of dorsal yellow-
ish-white abdominal spots near middle followed by a pair of yellowish-
white bars behind which is a more or less complete narrow yellowish-
white band; with posterior end of abdomen black. . B. pwnctata, (p. 44)

BREDA MILvINA (C. Koch), 1846

Figures 16-19
Marpissa milvina C. Koch, 1846
B. milvina peckham, 1894
B. milvina Simon, 1901
B. milvina Petrunkevitch, 1911
B. milvina Petrunkevitch, 1925

The two specimens from Santarem, Brazil in the Peckham collec-
tion labelled B. milvina (C. Koch) are entirely different from the
species now generally conceded to be this species. Petrunkevitch
(25) gave a full description of the female from Panama, together with
a good figure of the epigynum. Koch’s original description was based
upon a female. So far as I know, the description of the male has never
been published. I have, therefore, selected a specimen and herewith
describe it as the allotype.

Allotype male. Total length 10.56 mm. Carapace 4.61 mm. long,
3.07 mm. wide near middle, lateral margins gently rounded from ALE
to posterior border, third row of eyes occupy nineteen twenty-fourths
of width of carapace at their level; a shallow median depression just
behind third row of eyes within which lies a well defined longitudinal
thoracic groove (deeply covered with white hair); surface finely rugu-
lose, about two thirds as tall as wide, with essentially the same form
as in female.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved with dorsal margin
of ALE only slightly above that of AME. Anterior row only slightly
wider. than posterior row; middle row slightly narrower than posterior
row. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 37 : 25. Total

38 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

eye space occupies about three sevenths of length of carapace. Ratio
of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 36 : 17.5 : 5.5 : 16. AME sep-
arated from one another by about one ninth of their diameter, from
ALE by about two ninths of their diameter. Middle eyes nearly equi-
distant from ALE and PLE. Height of clypeus equal to seven thirty-
sixths of diameter of AME. Clypeus with a scanty fringe of white
hairs along ventral margin.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical, normal in appearance, no boss visible,
front surface transversely rugulose. Fang of moderate size, evenly
curved. Fang groove well defined, with a prominent, strongly chitin-
ized, promarginal ridge upon which are placed four small teeth; with
a single small tooth on retromargin at end of basal third of fang
groove (Fig. 16). .

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternum.. Essentially as described in the female
by Petrunkevitch (725).

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 14, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

il. 3.20 2.18 2.56 1.98 1.15, PaO
2. 2.58 1.66 1.98 1.47 1.08 8.77
3. 2.43 1.28 1.73 1.73 1.02 8.19
4, 2.96 1.47 2.62 2.11 1.08 10.24
Palp 1.22 51 60 = 1.09 3.42

First leg not as much thickened as in female, especially the femur.
Otherwise essentially as in female.

Spines. Quite different from those described by Petrunkevitch
(25) in the female. First leg: femur as in female except ventral 0-0-Ip;
patella 0; tibia with eight cusps on ventral surface arranged as shown
in Figure 17. An examination of paratypes shows that there is a wide
variation in number and placement of the ventral tibial cusps; first
metatarsus as in female. Second leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral
0-1-1-2, retrolateral 0, ventral 0-O-1p; patella 0; tibia only ventral
six irregularly placed (also disconcertingly variable in number and
placement even on right and left sides) (Fig. 18); metatarsus as in
female. Third leg: femur as in second; patella 0; tibia dorsal 0; pro-
lateral 1-1-0, retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 2—-1p-—2; metatarsus dorsal 0,
prolateral and retrolateral 0-2, ventral 0-2-2 as in female. Fourth
leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral 0-O-1-1, retrolateral 0-0-0-1;
patella 0; tibia only retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 2—1r-1p—2; metatarsus
apparently as in third. Palp only with femur dorsal 0-0-2.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 39

Palp. Patella short, body also short and broad but extended dor-
sally so it may be considered to be considerably longer than patella;
retrolateral tibial apophysis very long, reaching nearly to middle of
tarsus; tarsus broad in middle, deeply excavated basally on ventral
side, with a long embolus which originates at base and curves around
more than one half the periphery of bulb (Fig. 19). The palp bears a
close resemblance to the palps of certain species of Balmaceda like
B. modesta (Tacz.). |

Abdomen. Somewhat more slender than in female; with a small
anterior dorsal chitinized shield. Otherwise essentially as in female.

Type locality. Male allotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
August, 1939. A fairly common species; frequently found among dead
palm leaves. Numerous males and females from Canal Zone Biological
Area, June-July, 1934; August, 1936; June-August, 1939; Fort Sher-
man, C. Z., August, 1939.

BREDA NOTATA spec. nov.
Figures 20-22

The characters of the carapace, position of the eyes, reduction of
ventral spines on legs, and characters of both palps and epigynum
place this species in the genus Breda.

Male holotype. Total length 5.82 mm. Carapace 2.88 mm. long, 1.86
mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy about six
sevenths of the width of the carapace at their level, 1.02 mm. tall and,
therefore, about five ninths as tall as wide; cephalic part rises very
slightly to PLE, then descends very gently to steep posterior declivity
which lies in the last two fifths of the distance from PLE. A short
median longitudinal thoracic groove begins opposite posterior border
of PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one sixth of the diameter
of ALE. Anterior row only slightly wider than posterior row. Quad-
rangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 25 : 17. Total eye space
occupies about five elevenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE: PME: PLE = 25: 11; 45:11. AME separated
from one another by about one tenth of their diameter, from ALE by
about one twentieth of their diameter. Middle eyes only slightly
closer to ALE than to PLE. Height of clypeus about one sixth of the
diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only by a ventral fringe of

40 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

white simple hairs, a transverse row of six or seven long light colored
bristles, and the usual three bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, rather small, basal segment .70 mm.
long, covered with a few simple white hairs on prolateral surface,
transversely rugulose, promargin with three small teeth close together
near medial end of groove, retromargin with a single small tooth about
one third of distance toward base of fang from medial end.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
30:13, outer border moderately notched, outer distal angle well
rounded with no tubercle or hook.

Lip. As wide as long, basal excavations reach two fifths of length of
organ, reaches less than one half the length of maxillae. Sternal suture
straight.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 55 : 37, widest opposite
interval between second and third coxae, very blunt at posterior end
which does not extend between fourth coxae which are separated by
about one fourth of their diameter.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.66 1.02 1.41 96 64 _ 5.69
2. 1.34 83 1.02 18 58 4.55
3. 1.26 74 90 1.00 58 4.48
4, 1.85 85 1.53 1.28 58 6.09
Palp 71 33 39 as 75 2.18

First pair the stoutest. First pair of patellae and tibiae with con-
siderable black hair and what seems to be a remnant of a ventral
fringe.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O-1-1-1-0 and prolateral
distal 2; patella 0; tibia only one small ventral promarginal near distal
end (paratypes frequently show a pair of these, hardly more than
cusps); metatarsus only ventral 2-2 (also mere cusps). Second leg:
femur as in first except prolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral
0-0-l1p-lp (a paratype shows none at all); metatarsus only ventral
lr—2 (all mere cusps). Third leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral
0-0-1-2 (close together), retrolateral distal 1 (lacking on left side);
patella 0; tibia only prolateral 0-0-1, ventral 0-1p—Ip on left side and
0-O0-lr on right side; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, ventral 0-2, retro-
lateral 0-1. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1—1-1, retrolateral distal 1;
patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-0-1, ventral 1p—O-2 on left side, 1p—l1p-lp

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 41

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 16. Breda milvina, male cheliceral teeth.

Figs. 17-19. B. milvina, first and second tibia, and male palp, ventral views.

Figs. 20-21. Breda notata Chickering; male palp, ventral view; palpal tibia,
retrolateral view, larger scale.

Fig. 22. B. notata Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 23. Marpissa magna ,male carapace, lateral view.

Figs. 24-25. M. magna, male palp, ventral view; palpal tibia, retrolateral
view.

Fig. 26. M. magna, epigynum, ventral view.

4? BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

on right, retrolateral 0-O-1-0; metatarsus as in third. Palpal spines:
only femur dorsal distal 2.

Palp. Both tibia and patella short, with former only little longer
than latter; a moderately developed white fringe along dorsal surface
of femora, patellae, and tibiae. Bulb considerably swollen; embolus
arises from base of bulb, curves prolaterally around margin to terminate
anteriorly after completing about two thirds of a circle. Tibial retro-
lateral apophysis a long stout spur with a deep excavation at its base
(Figs. 20-21).

Abdomen. Elongate ovoid, not flattened, longer than wide in ratio
of about 2:1, widest about the middle, with a small and weakly
developed dorsal shield, anal tubercle a short broad cone covered by a
tuft of white hairs; spinnerets of moderate length, all rather slender,
anterior pair the stoutest. Position of colulus indicated by a small
tuft of stiff black hairs. Tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets,
without a tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: interocular area and region from PLE
to steep posterior declivity is a rich dark reddish brown, eyes on black
spots; lateral sides and posterior declivity a much lighter reddish
brown; ventral margin is black with a narrow white band made of
flattened hairs. Palps and other mouth parts different shades of amber.
Legs: first pair with brown tibiae, elsewhere amber; other legs some-
what lighter amber, posterior pair with a retrolateral black stripe from
patella to metatarsus inclusive. Abdomen: posterior quarter nearly
_ black; at anterior margin of black part is a narrow transverse yellowish-
white bar; extending from near base to near the light bar is a pair of
narrow yellowish-white stripes enclosing a central dark stripe; lateral
to these the abdomen is dark gray including the venter; just at base of
anal tubercle is a small white spot; at posterior end of dorsal light
stripes is a faint incomplete narrow yellowish-white bar (in some para-
types this bar is more conspicuous).

Female allotype. Total length 10.24 mm. Carapace 3.84 mm. long,
2.56 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy nearly eleven thirteenths
of width of carapace at their level, 1.28 mm. tall and, therefore, almost
exactly half as tall as wide. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal border of AME cuts off about one seventh of the
diameter of ALE. Anterior row and posterior row of equal width.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 8:5. Total eye
space occupies two fifths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE = 31:15 :5:14. AME separated from one an-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 43

other by one tenth of their diameter, from ALE by one twentieth of
their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of
16:19. Height of clypeus equal to one tenth the diameter of AME.
Otherwise essentially as in male.

Chelicerae. Basal segment .96 mm. long, gibbous in front obliquely
across middle, promargin with four small teeth closely crowded to-
gether, retromargin with a single small tooth. Otherwise essentially
as in male.

Mazxillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 22, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.92 1.40 1.30 .96 70 6.28
2, 1.66 1.20 1.15 83 .64 5.48 .
3. 1.66 1.02 1.15 1.15 70 5.68
4. 2.24 1.15 1.86 1.73 70 7.68

First femora, patellae, and tibiae much swollen; the same segments of
second leg somewhat swollen.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O0-1-1-1-0; patella 0; tibia
only ventral 0-0-2 (small cusps); metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2
(cusps). Second leg: femur as in first except prolateral distal 1; patella
and tibia 0; metatarsus only 0-1r—2 (all cusps). Third leg: femur as in
second; patella 0; tibia only prolateral 0-0-1 and ventral 0—-0-1p;
metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-1. Fourth leg:
femur and patella as in first; tibia only ventral 0-O—-1p; metatarsus as
in third.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male.

Epigynum. A simple, mildly convex plate; at some distance in
front of posterior border is main part, limited by gracefully curved
lines (Fig. 22). Resembles rather closely the epigynum of B. milvina
(C. Koch).

Color in alcohol. Almost exactly like that of male.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
Aug., 1939; female allotype from same locality, June, 1939. Numerous
paratypes of both sexes from Canal Zone Biological Area: June—July,
1934; June-August, 1936; June-August, 1939; also Porto Bello and
Arraijan, R. P., Aug., 1936; El Valle, R. P., July, 1936; Ft. Randolph
and Ft. Davis, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Canal Zone Forest Reserve, Madden
Dam, Ft. Sherman, France Field, C. Z., Aug. 1939.

44 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Brepa PuNcTATA (Peckham), 1894

Balmaceda punctata Peckham, 1894
B. punctata F. Cambridge, 1901

B. punctata Simon, 1903

B. punctata Petrunkevitch, 1911

B. punctata Petrunkevitch, 1925
Fuentes punctatus Banks, 1929

I place this species in the genus Breda on the basis of the structure
of the male palps and the epigynum, the reduction of leg spines,
the single simple tooth on the retromargin of the fang groove, the
features of the carapace, and the placement of the eyes. Mr. Banks
(29) had one female from Las Sabanas, R. P., July, 1924, but the
species has not appeared in my collection.

Genus Marpissa C. Koch, 1846
Marpissa MAGNA (Peckham), 1894
Figures 23-26
Marptusa magna Peckham, 1894
Marpissa magna F.. Cambridge, 1901
M. magna Petrunkevitch, 1911

M. magna Banks, 1929
Menemerus delus Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936

The Peckhams had mature females and an immature male. F.
Cambridge gave a very good figure of the male palp but almost no
description. Banks (’29) took a female and an immature male in the
Canal Zone Biological Area, June, 1924. Since no detailed descriptions
have ever been published I have considered it desirable to establish
hypotypes of both sexes and give here careful descriptions of the same.

Male hypotype. Total length 10.88 mm. Carapace 4.35 mm. long,
3.39 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy two thirds
of width of carapace at their level, 1.53 mm. tall at level of PLE and,
therefore, less than one half as tall as wide; depressed in middle of
cephalic region and also lateral to PLE, PME and ALE so that these
eyes stand up on a tuberculated ridge; region just posterior to PLE
also depressed medially; seen in profile, rises gently to PLE, then
descends again very gently to steep posterior declivity (Fig. 28); very
hairy, with many long black bristles around eyes of which four groups
seem to be most characteristic; a group of these consisting of five lies
at some distance below PME, the other group of three lies behind and

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 45

below PME. A short median longitudinal thoracic groove lies nearly
halfway from opposite posterior border of PLE to beginning of steep
posterior declivity.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME passes through center of ALE.
Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of 9:8. Quadrangle
of laterals wider than long in ratio of 36 : 23. Total eye space occupies
twenty-seven sixty-fifths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME: PLE = 14:8:2:7. AME separated from one another
by one tenth of their diameter, from ALE by one third of their diam-
eter. Middle eyes only a little closer to ALE than to PLE. Height
of clypeus equal to about one seventh of the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated with long white simple hairs which converge from
each side toward middle where they overlap, a transverse row of long
stiff bristles, three bristles in lower angle between AME. Also a row
of stiff black bristles above AME. A prominent tuft of white hair
below PME and PLE give a characteristic appearance.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, fairly robust, slightly swollen in
middle along outer margin, basal segment 1.53 mm. long, with numer-
ous slender black bristles on prolateral (front) surface; promargin of
fang groove with two teeth of moderate size; retromargin of fang
groove with a single tooth of moderate size. Fang evenly curved.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than .wide in middle in ratio of nearly
3:1, deeply notched in middle of outer margin, outer distal corner
with a conspicuous hook.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 4 : 3, basal excavations reach
about two fifths of length of organ, reaches nearly two thirds the
length of maxillae. Sternal suture narrow and slightly procurved.

Sternum. Strongly convex across middle, longer than wide in ratio
of 29 : 19, widest between third coxae, covered by many stiff black
bristles, posterior end very blunt and not extended between fourth
coxae which are separated by three elevenths of their diameter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 13, of fourth leg 12.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 2.90 2.04 2.88 2.36 .96 11.14
2. 2.43 1.53 1.98 1.60 83 8.37
3. ~2.43 1.28 1.73 1.66 76 7.86
4. 2.82 1.52 2.24 1.76 .96 9.30
Palp 1.47 .40 45 ca 1.28 3.60

46 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

First pair with a moderately developed ventral fringe, especially on
patellae and tibiae, mostly of black hairs but many white ones at
distal end of tibiae. Remnants of a ventral fringe on patellae, tibiae,
and metatarsi of second pair.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-1—1-1-0, three prolateral
opposite second dorsal; patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral
2-2-2, retrolateral 0-O-1-0; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second
leg: femur only dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral 0-1-2; patella 0; tibia and
metatarsus as in first except tibia prolateral 0-0-1. Third leg: femur
and patella as in second except femur retrolateral 0-1-2 (close to-
gether); tibia prolateral 0-1, ventral 2-0-2, retrolateral 0-1; meta-
tarsus prolateral 0-2, ventral 2-2, retrolateral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur
dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral 0-1-2, retrolateral 0-0-1; patella 0; tibia as
in third except ventral lr-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2,
retrolateral 0-1. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1-1.

Palp. Patella and tibia short, with latter somewhat the longer;
femur with a conspicuous ventral proximal tubercle, somewhat
excavated ventrally; two retrolateral tibial apophyses, the ventral one
small and blunt, the dorsal one much longer, pointed and somewhat
twisted. Tarsus with a swollen, twisted bulb having a conspicuous
median tubercle; embolus arises near base on prolateral side and
curves forward around distal end of bulb as a very slender spine
(Figs. 24-25). Very hairy, with a white dorsal fringe which becomes
black laterally on both sides; also coppery scales especially on
tarsus.

Abdomen. Elongate ovoid, not flattened, longer than wide in ratio
of 40 : 19; widest about two fifths from base, with a moderately well
chitinized dorsal shield covering about two thirds of surface, with
numerous long black, nearly erect bristles, two deeply imprinted
dorsal sigilla about midway, tracheal spiracle near base of quite
normal spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: ground color a rich reddish brown; eyes
on black spots; much white hair on dorsal part and most conscipuous
around eyes especially in interocular area and laterally below ALE,
PME and PLE where lateral tufts occur, also a patch of white hair in
center of steep posterior declivity; posterior halves of lateral sides
covered with black hair; many coppery scales around eyes. All legs
with much white hair and many coppery scales; palps the same; first
pair of legs with conspicuous proximal ventral black spots on tibiae as
well as black distal annuli on these segments and some others. Ab-
domen: dorsal shield amber, surrounded by yellowish-white; dorso-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 47

laterally abdomen is brownish with many coppery scales; venter dark
gray with four long rows of yellowish dots.

Female hypotype. Total length 10.04 mm. Carapace 4.24 mm. long,
3.52 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy about
three fifths of width of carapace at their level. Other features essen-
tially as in male except that steep posterior declivity is more abrupt
than in that sex.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one third of diameter
of ALE. Total eye space occupies thirteen thirty-fourths of length of
carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 25:15:5:
13.5. AME separated from one another by one seventh of their diam-
eter, from ALE by one third of their diameter. Other features essen-
tially as in male.

Chelicerae. Essentially as in male except they are more swollen in
front and basal segment is 1.02 mm. long.

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternum. . Essentially as in male except maxillae
not so deeply notched laterally and outer distal angle well rounded,
without hook.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of, first leg 18, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il 2.36 1.79 1.81 1.54 .90 8.40
PD, 2.24. 1.41 1.66 1.28 83 7.42
3. 2.30 1.20 1.53 1.47 83 7.33
4. 2.94 1.53 2.18 eal 1.02 9.38

Legs with much long whitish hair but with no definite fringes. Palps
also with much long whitish hair.

Spines. First leg: as in male except tibial prolateral 0-1-0. Second
leg: as in male. Third leg: femur and patella as in male except retro-
lateral 0-0-1; tibia only prolateral and retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral
0-0-2; metatarsus only distal whorl of six (2-2-2). Fourth leg:
femur and patella as in male except retrolateral 0-0-1; tibia only
ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male except dorsal shield lacking.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate somewhat broader than long; posterior
notch bordered by two tubercles; a conspicuous set of spermathecae
and tubes within, a short distance in front of posterior notch; near
anterior border is a large median shallow depression (Fig. 26).

Color in alcohol. Essentially as in male except on abdomen where

48 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

a broad central yellowish stripe, widest in middle, occupies the region
covered by the dorsal shield and its yellowish border in the male; the
central stripe has many coppery scales

Type locality. Male hypotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
Aug., 1939; female hypotype from same locality, July, 1934. One
additional mature male and several females from Canal Zone Forest
Reserve, C. Z., July-August, 1939.

Genus MENEMERUS Simon, 1868

MENEMERUS BIVITTATUS (Dufour), 1831

Salticus bivittatus Dufour, 1831

Marpissa melanognatha F. Cambridge, 1901
M. melanognatha Peckham, 1901
Menemerus bivittatus Petrunkevitch, 1911
M. bivittatus Petrunkevitch, 1925

M. bivittatus Banks, 1929

=

A cosmopolitan species known under many names of which I have
cited only a few. Only one specimen, a female, from Ft. Randolph,
C. Z., Aug., 1936.

PARKELLA gen. nov.

Carapace fairly low, broad, widest near middle, sides gently rounded,
quite flat dorsally to steep posterior declivity, with short median
thoracic groove about halfway from PLE to steep posterior declivity.
Eyes: anterior row moderately recurved; PME about midway be-
tween ALE and PLE; PLE occupy nearly full width of carapace;
posterior row slightly wider than anterior row; quadrangle of laterals
distinctly wider than long; total eye space occupies nearly one half
the length of carapace. Clypeus low. Chelicerae of moderate size,
parallel, vertical; retromargin of fang groove with a small single
simple tooth. Maaxillae unmodified. Sternwm much narrowed in front
between first coxae; widest between second coxae. Legs: 4123; first
pair considerably enlarged in both sexes; all others moderately robust;
leg spines definitely reduced in number and size in general. Abdomen
elongate ovoid; spinnerets of moderate size. Male palps and epigyna
appear to ally the genus to such members of the group as Marpissa
and Breda. Genotype: Parkella venusta sp. nov.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 49

PARKELLA VENUSTA spec. nov.
Figures 27-30

Male holotype. Total length 4.16 mm. Carapace 1.98 mm. long,
1.41 mm. wide slightly behind PLE which occupy about eleven
twelfths of the width of the carapace at their level, .84 mm. tall at
level of PLE and, therefore, about four sevenths as tall as wide,
nearly flat across dorsal surface; seen in profile, rises slightly to PLE,
then descends slightly to steep posterior declivity which begins nearly
three fourths of the distance from PLE to posterior margin (Figs.
27-28); with few short hairs; ocular area finely rugulose; postocular
area finely beaded; both of latter areas waxy and somewhat iridescent;
a short median longitudinal groove about half way to posterior de-
clivity.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME just misses dorsal borders of ALE.
Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of about 12 : 11. Quad-
rangle of laterals wider behind than long in ratio of about 8 : 5. Total
eye space occupies twenty-eight sixty-firsts of length of carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME: ALE : PME: PLE = 16:9:3:9. AME
separated from one another by about one sixteenth of their diameter,
from ALE by about the same distance. Middle eyes midway between
ALE and PLE or slightly closer to ALE. Height of clypeus equal to
about five sixteenths of diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only
with long brownish bristles converging toward middle line, and three
long upturned black bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, of moderate size, somewhat flattened
and rugulose on front surface which is sparsely covered with long
brownish stiff hairs; basal segment about .38 mm. long; promargin of
fang groove with two very small teeth, retromargin with a single,
rather small simple tooth. Fang of moderate size and evenly curved.

Mazxillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2:1, moderately notched in middle of outer margin; outer distal
corner sharply pointed but without definite tubercle or hook.

Lip. Somewhat hidden by first coxae. Longer than wide in ratio of
about 15 : 12, reaches just beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal suture
straight.

Sternum. Quite strongly convex, especially in posterior half, longer
than wide in ratio of 8 : 5, widest between second coxae. Enlarged
first coxee extend over sternum and are separated by less than two fifths of
greatest width of latter. Posterior end blunt and not extended between

50 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

fourth coxae which are separated by about one eighth their diameter.
Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 23, of fourth leg 18.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
I, 1.15 64 .80 A8 1) 3.42
2. 83 B52 54 45 38 eae,
3 .83 43 .00 ol 38 2.65
4. 1.09 510) 70 .64 45 3.44
Palp 533 17 sll — 64 1.51

First pair considerably swollen (Fig. 29) and with a moderately well
developed ventral black fringe on patellae and tibiae.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O-1-1-1-0 and prolateral
near distal end 1-2; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-2—2-2 (near distal
end), all tibial spines reduced in size, promarginal more than retro-
marginal; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur and
patella as in first except femur prolateral only one near distal end;
tibia only ventral 0-1 (near middle)—Ir; metatarsus only prolateral
0-1, ventral 0-Ir (long, robust)—lr. Third leg: femur and patella as in
first except femur prolateral 0-1 (very small)—1; tibia only prolateral
0-1-0, ventral 0-O0-lp; metatarsus only prolateral 0-0-1, ventral
0-O-1p. Fourth leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only 2 near
distal end; patella 0; titia only ventral 1p-O0-1p; metatarsus only ven-
tral 0-1p-2.

Palp. Patella and tibia very short. Tibia drawn out retrolaterally
into a long distally attenuated apophysis; also a short blunt ventral
tibial apophysis close to base of bulb which has a small basal lobule.
Embolus arises near middle of prolateral side, curves gently to termi-
nate near distal end of bulb (Fig. 30). With a moderate amount of hair
but with no fringes.

Abdomen. Elongate ovoid, not appreciably flattened dorsoven-
trally, longer than wide in ratio of about 2 : 1, widest near middle but
nearly as wide at base; with a moderately well chitinized small dorsal
shield covering anterior two thirds; with numerous fairly long black
bristles more or less erect. Anal tubercle a small cone largely hidden by
retraction and a tuft of whitish hair.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally a rich ae brown, black
around eyes; with a narrow white marginal stripe from posterior
lateral corner to opposite interval between first and second coxae.
Sternum a rich brown with mouth parts the same with lighter tips.
Legs: first pair a rich dark brown with metatarsi light brown and tarsi

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA ol

a light amber; other legs similar but progressively somewhat lighter
to fourth. Palps: a rich dark brown. Abdomen: generally a brownish
gray with dorsal shield brown; lateral sides finely striped with gray and
yellowish; venter dark brown with epigastric plate quite strongly
chitinized and finely dotted with brown, much lighter in center.

Type locality. Male holotype from Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939.
No paratypes.

PARKELLA FUSCA spec. nov.
Figures 31-32

There is a possibility that the female described here belongs with
P. venusta spec. nov., but it seems unwise to combine them until a
greater certainty exists concerning their relationship.

Female holotype. Total length 5.38 mm. Carapace 2.24 mm. long,
1.47 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy about thirteen four-
teenths of width of carapace at their level, .83 mm. tall and, therefore,
about four sevenths as tall as wide; almost flat dorsally throughout
ocular and postocular areas to steep posterior declivity which begins
about two thirds of the distance from PLE to posterior border (with
just a slight depression beneath and behind PLE); with no long hair,
but with numerous black erect bristles and a sparse supply of short
black hair; a short median longitudinal groove a little less than one
half the distance from opposite PLE to steep posterior declivity.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME just misses dorsal borders of ALE.
Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 23 : 21. Quadrangle
of laterals wider behind than long in ratio of 23 : 14. Total eye space
occupies seventeen thirty-fifths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 20:11 :3.5:10. AME separated from
one another only slightly, from ALE by one twentieth of their diam-
eter. Middle eyes slightly closer to ALE than to PLE. Height of
clypeus equal to three twentieths of the diameter of AME. Clypeus
decorated only with numerous long brown bristles converging toward
middle line, and three long upturned bristles in lower angle between
AME.

Chelicerae. Essentially parallel, vertical, of moderate size, some-
what gibbous in front, basal segment .56 mm. long. Fang of moderate
size and evenly curved. Fang groove with two small promarginal
teeth and a single simple small retromarginal tooth.

Mazillae. Parallel, without special modifications, longer than wide

52 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 27-28. Parkella venusta Chickering; male carapace, dorsal and lateral

views.
Fig. 29. P. venusta Chickering; first leg, male, lateral view.
Fig. 30. P. venusta Chickering; male palp, ventral view.

Figs. 31-32. Parkella fusca Chickering; female sternum and epigynum.

Figs. 33-34. Jtata completa, first tibia, ventral view; male palp, ventro-retro-
lateral view.

Fig. 35. I. completa , epigynum, ventral view.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 53

in middle in ratio of about 5 : 3; only moderately notched in middle of
outer margin; outer distal corner well rounded, without tubercle or
ool |

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of about 4 : 3, without special
modifications; reaches about three fifths the length of maxillae.
Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 45 : 26, widest at interval
between second and third coxae (Fig. 31); much narrowed at anterior
end where enlarged first coxae overlap it considerably; posterior end
blunt and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by
about one third of their diameter.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 23, of fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)
1 97 .64 .68 43 38 3.10
2 so 51 45 45 08 2.56
3 .64 45 51 1 38 2.49
4 1.15 64 82 .68 45 3.74

First pair of legs considerably enlarged; no fringes on any legs, and
only a moderate amount of black hair generally distributed.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1-0 and prolateral two
small ones near distal end; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0—2—2-2 (last
pair near distal end), tibial spines reduced in size with those along
retromargin hardly more than cusps; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2
(also small along retromargin).

Second leg: femur and patella as in first except femur prolateral only
one near distal end; tibia only ventral 0-1 (near middle) —0; meta-
tarsus only prolateral 0-0-1 and ventral 0-1 (near middle) —lr, all
spines lacking on tibia and metatarsus on left side. Third leg: femur
and patella as in second except femur retrolateral one distal; tibia 0;
metatarsus only prolateral 0-1 and ventral 0-1 (near middle). Fourth
leg: femur and patella as in third; tibia only ventral 0-0-1 (near
middle); metatarsus only ventral 1-2. Palps without significant
spines, but with many long bristles; tarsi very hairy on prolateral
side.

Abdomen. Ovoid, widest about two fifths from base, longer than
wide in ratio of 11 : 6. Anal tubercle a somewhat flattened cone with
a tuft of white hairs. All six spinnerets of moderate size, unnoteworthy
in general appearance. Position of colulus indicated by three or four

54 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

black bristles. Tracheal spiracle at base of spinnerets and without
tubercle.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate of moderate size, fairly simple; of the
type commonly found in females of this group; anterior half with a
white area, broad anteriorly and constricted behind; without a
posterior marginal notch (Fig. 32).

Color in alcohol. Carapace generally reddish brown with eyes on
black spots; dorsal postocular area much lighter brown. Sternum,
legs, and mouth parts all brownish with first pair of legs darkest
except posterior femora which are dark brown laterally. Abdomen:
brownish gray dorsally with faint yellowish chevrons in posterior
half; lateral sides with very narrow yellowish stripes between broader
brownish stripes; venter brownish with four rows of yellowish dots
converging toward base of spinnerets.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1934. No paratypes.

Itata Group

Only two genera in this group have been reported from Panama,
each with only one species.

Key to the genera in the [tata Group
1. Very small spiders, about 3 mm. long; carapace long, low and narrow;
anterior row of eyes somewhat shorter than posterior row; PME slightly
nearer to ALE than to PLE; sternum long and narrow; spines almost
completely lackiag 56) 220) eI As et Mica, (p. 57)
1. Medium to large spiders; carapace moderately low, quite’ broad; anterior
row of eyes slightly wider than posterior row; PME considerably nearer
to ALE than to PLE; sternum fairly broad; spines plentiful . Jéata, (p. 54)

Genus Irara Peckham, 1894

IvaTa COMPLETA (Banks), 1929
Figures 33-35
Lyssomanes completus Banks, 1929

Mr. Banks (29) had three males from the Canal Zone Biological
Area. I have several of both sexes from the same locality. A compari-
son of this species with the type of [tata vadia Peckham, which is also
the genotype, shows that it belongs to this genus. I make the transfer
without hesitation. I have selected a female for a detailed description
of the allotype together with a few notes regarding the male. The type

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 55

males show four ventral tibial spines along the promargin and three
along the retromargin (Fig. 33); the second pair of tibiae show the
following ventral spines: 1r—2-2, third and fourth tibiae have no
spines; first femur with one dorsal distal and one prolateral distal spine;
all other femora with only one dorsal distal spine. The male palp has
an embolus which arises at distal end of bulb and curves closely into
nearly a complete circle; just posterior to this is an apophysis (clearly
seen only when bulb is inflated) which extends retrolaterally and ends
in a slender pointed filament (Fig. 34).

Female allotype. Total length 10.30 mm. Carapace 3.58 mm. long,
2.62 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy about seven tenths of
width of carapace at their level, just slightly less than half as tall as
wide, descent from PLE gradual with no steep posterior declivity, a
short median longitudinal thoracic groove begins considerably behind
posterior border of PLE.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row so strongly recurved that a
line tangent to dorsal borders of AME passes through center of ALE.
Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of 31 : 28, wider than
middle row in ratio of 31 : 25. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long —
in ratio of 31 : 22. Total eye space occupies twenty fifty-fifths of
length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME: ALE : PME: PLE =
31:15 :3.5:14. AME barely separated from one another, from
ALE by about one tenth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE
than to PLE in ratio of about 2 : 3. Height of clypeus equal to one
sixth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a ventral
fringe of light colored simple hairs, a transverse row of seven or eight
long bristles across the middle, and the usual three long bristles in the
lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Essentially parallel, somewhat porrect, robust but short
for such a large body, basal segment 1.21 mm. long, lateral margin
rounded (somewhat swollen in middle), clypeal fringe makes a whitish
band across proximal margin. Fang fairly robust, evenly curved.
Fang groove with two rather small teeth on promargin near inner
(medial) end of groove; a single retromarginal tooth about midway
from medial end of groove to base of fang.

Mazxillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
3:1, deeply notched laterally, palp inserted into basal third, outer
distal angle well rounded.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of about 3 : 2; basal excavations
reach nearly to middle of organ; reaches slightly beyond middle of
maxillae. Sternal suture slightly procurved.

56 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 35 : 23, nearly equally wide
between second and third coxae, quite strongly convex in middle be-
tween second coxae, posterior end blunt and not extended between
fourth coxae which are nearly contiguous.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 12, of fourth leg 8.

Femora — Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 3.01 1.66 2.62 1.98 .89 10.16
PA. 2.56 1.21 1.98 1.53 .70 7.98
By 2.24 1.15 1.66 1.88 .83 7.76
4, 3.20 1.21 2.62 2.56 .83 10.42

First pair of legs considerably the stoutest, others slender and weak
for so large a spider. A very weakly developed white ventral fringe on
first pair from femora to metatarsi. :

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal and prolateral distal 1; patella 0;
tibia only ventral four on promargin and three on retromargin as in
male (these are very robust); metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second
leg: femur only dorsal distal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 1r-2-2
(not definitely paired); metatarsus only ventral 2—2 (last two offset
laterally). Third and fourth legs only femur dorsal distal 1. Apparently
a very slender transparent palpal claw without teeth.

Abdomen. Very slender, elongate, truncated at base, longer than
wide in ratio of about 4 : 1, nearly as wide at base as at widest part
which is about two fifths from base. Anal tubercle a short broad cone.
Six spinnerets rather short. Position of colulus not indicated. Tracheal
spiracle near base of spinnerets. -

Epigynum. Epigynal plate rather large. Posterior margin con-
spicuously notched. Some distance anterior to notch is a pair of small
spermathecae contiguous and with small tubules leading to openings
in two large depressions separated by a fairly broad septum (Fig. 35).

Color in alcohol. Carapace generally yellowish; eyes on dark brown-
ish spots; beginning at ALE and extending to posterior border are two
narrow bright orange red stripes; between ALE is a brush of orange
red hairs which also extend below ALE and PME in a lateral tuft;
between and medial to PME and PLE are two large subchitinous
chalky patches of guanin; extending laterally on each side from
clypeus as far as opposite middle of first coxae is another orange red
stripe. Chelicerae, maxillae and lip a rich reddish brown, maxillae
with a dark distal patch on retrolateral surface. First pair of legs a
bright reddish brown on lateral surfaces, elsewhere amber color. All

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA BY 4

other legs and palps a unicolorous light amber. Abdomen: generally
yellowish with several faint dark dorsal spots and a series of seven
pairs of small white dorsal spots made by deposits of guanin; the third
of these pairs is united into a single spot; venter yellowish.

Type locality. Female allotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
August, 1939. Female paratypes from same locality together with
numerous males: June-July, 1934, 1936, 1939.

Genus Mica Petrunkevitch, 1925
Mica LONGITHORAX Petrunkevitch, 1925

Professor Petrunkevitch described this species from a female taken
at Frijoles, C. Z. Although I have repeatedly collected in the same
locality where this interesting little spider was taken the species has
not yet appeared in my collection.

Rudra Group
Key to the genera in the Rudra Group

1. Carapace moderately depressed, more or less hairy; PLE occupy from
two thirds to nearly four fifths the width of carapace; quadrangle of
laterals somewhat wider in front than behind; total eye space occupies
from two fifths to one half the length of carapace; PME slightly closer to
ALE than to PLE; anterior tibiae with three pairs of ventral spines;
abdomen usually somewhat depressed.............. Balmaceda, (p. 57)

1. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 2

2. Carapace quite low and flat, moderately hairy; PLE occupy about five
sixths of width of carapace; quadrangle of laterals nearly twice as wide
as long; total eye space occupies about two fifths the length of carapace;
PME considerably closer to ALE than to PLE; anterior tibiae with four
ventral spines on promargin....................... Mabellina, (p. 68)

2. Carapace very low and flat, with very little hair; PLE occupy nearly
twelve thirteenths of width of carapace; quadrangle of laterals nearly
twice as wide as long; total eye space occupies about two fifths of length
of carapace; PME slightly closer to ALE than to PLE; anterior tibiae
with three pairs of long ventral spines crowded into distal two thirds of
STEER ONE ON A tages eases igre nee nick ecaa REA a DG Rear Ane Wee ce ER Rudra, (p. 72)

Genus BaLMAcEDA Peckham, 1894

Two species are now represented by males, three by females.
These may be separated by the following key:

58 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Key to the species of Balmaceda
Males
1. Embolus arises in front of middle of bulb, its base occupying nearly half the
width of bulb and extends distally nearly straight; palpal tibial retro-
lateral apophysis very broad at base, reaches beyond middle of bulb;
palpalttemur straight ee Ae eee ee ne B. peckhami, (p. 58)
1. Embolus arises behind middle of bulb nearer its base, occupies much less
than half the width of bulb, and distinctly curves as it extends distally;
palpal tibial retrolateral apophysis much narrower at base, does not
reach to middle of bulb; palpal femur somewhat curved. B. picta, (p. 61)

BALMACEDA PECKHAMI spec. nov.
Figures 36-41

This species is undoubtedly a close relative of B. picta Peckham,
but on the basis of several differences it must be considered distinct.
The clearest distinctions are found from a comparison of the palps of
the two species.

Male holotype. Total length 4.84 mm. Carapace 2.49 mm. long,
1.70 mm. wide some distance behind PLE which occupy ten thir-
teenths of width of carapace at their level, .96 mm. tall and, therefore,
about .56 as tall as wide, interocular region flat, very slightly raised
from AME to PLE, then a slight drop just behind PLE, then nearly
flat again to steep posterior declivity which begins about halfway
from PLE to posterior border, widest just behind PLE (Figs. 36-37);
with a median longitudinal thoracic groove of moderate length begin-
ning about one seventh of distance from.PLE to posterior border.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a line tangent to dorsal
borders of AME cuts off about one sixth of the diameter of ALE.
Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of about 13 : 12, wider
than middle row in ratio of about 13:11. Quadrangle of laterals
wider than long in ratio of about 13:9. Total eye space o¢cupies
almost exactly half the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME: PLE = 22:12 :2:11. AME nearly contiguous to one
another and to PLE. Height of clypeus equal to one eleventh of the
diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a ventral fringe of reddish
brown bristles and three brownish bristles in lower angle between
AME.

Chelicerae. Slightly porrect, essentially parallel, very moderately
produced, basal segment .82 mm. long, transversely rugulose and
somewhat flattened in front, outer border strongly chitinized and
sharply ridged from basal boss to distal end. Fang’ robust at base,

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 59

constricted about two fifths from base, remainder evenly curved.
Fang groove distinct, with two promarginal teeth, and a single robust
fissidentate tooth on retromargin (Fig. 38).

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
3:1; of unusual form; angle between truncature and distal border
acute and with a tubercle; outer distal angle with another tubercle
(Fig. 39); fairly deeply notched in middle of outer border.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of 21 : 16, basal excavations reach
about two fifths the length of the organ, reaches to middle of maxillae.
Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 43 : 30, much narrower at
anterior border than base of lip, widest between third coxae but
nearly as wide between second coxae, moderately convex, broadly
rounded at posterior end which is not extended between fourth coxae
which are separated by about one fifth their diameter (Fig. 40).
Small areas at anterolateral corners appear to be somewhat bevelled
for contact with anterior coxae.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 14, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il, 1.35 1.00 1.26 84 48 4.93
PH. 1.15 70 83 15 45 3.88
3. 1.13 64 83 , .89 53 4.02
4, 1.28 73 1.02 95 51 4.49
Palp .88 40 32 — 83 2.48

All legs with a moderate amount of hair but with no ventral fringes.
First pair with several patches of white lanceolate hair. First coxae
much the stoutest.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1 (very small), prolateral
only one near distal end; patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2 (not
terminal), with promarginal series occupying distal eight elevenths of
segment; metatarsus only ventral 2-2 on right and Ir-Ir on left.
‘Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only ventral 1r—2-2,
with promarginal series weak and retromarginal series long except
the most distal which is also weak; metatarsus only ventral 2-2.
Third leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia 0; metatarsus only ventral
0-1, retrolateral 0-1. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, retrolateral
only distal 1; elsewhere 0. Palpal spines 0.

Palp. Femur straight; patella and tibia relatively short with latter
about four fifths as long as former; tibial retrolateral apophysis a Jong

60 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 36-37. Balmaceda peckhami Chickering; carapace, dorsal and lateral

views.
Fig. 38. B. peckhami Chickering; male cheliceral teeth.
Fig. 39. B. peckhami Chickering; tip of maxilla.
Fig. 40. B. peckhami Chickering; sternum.
Fig. 41. B. peckhami Chickering; male palp, ventral view.
Fig. 42. B. picta, carapace, lateral view.
Fig. 43. B. picta, female cheliceral teeth.
Fig. 44. B. picta, epigynum.
Figs. 45-46. B. reducta Chickering; carapace, lateral and dorsal views.
Fig. 47. B. reducta Chickering; epigynum.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 61

spur, robust at base, slender in distal three fifths; a dorsal crest of
white lanceolate hairs and long white simple hairs on femur, patella,
tibia and less markedly on tarsus; also a prolateral fringe of long white
and black hairs on tibia and to some extent on distal half of femur;
bulb much swollen in proximal half; embolus a long, nearly straight
spine, robust at base, arising from near middle of bulb (Fig. 41).

Abdomen. Elongate ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 40 : 19,
widest just before the middle; anal tubercle a broad flattened cone;
spinnerets of moderate length closely crowded, the posterior pair
slightly longer than anterior pair which is the most robust; position of
colulus indicated by a tuft of black hair; tracheal spiracle near base of
spinnerets, with indistinct lip and no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally a rich reddish brown; black
spots around eyes more extensive than usual and unite to extend the
very dark area over all but central part of interocular region; scattered
white lanceolate hairs tend to give a grayish color to whole region and
black hair along lateral sides darken these areas. Chelicerae, maxillae,
and lip all are reddish brown with usual whitish tips of two latter
organs nearly absent. Legs: all coxae amber with first the darkest and
fourth the lightest; first tarsi yellowish-white, other segments reddish
brown, lighter above, many -white lanceolate hairs on dorsal and pro-
lateral surfaces of femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi; second, third,
and fourth legs yellowish-white with brownish spots, the most con-
spicuous of which are prolateral with a retrolateral spot near distal
end of these femora and at both ends of tibiae and metatarsi. Abk-
domen: dark brown at base; a brownish central dorsal stripe extends
about to the middle and is there replaced by a light stripe much in-
dented marginally and embracing several faint brownish chevrons;
lateral and dorsolateral regions with many small brownish spots, short
stripes over a yellowish background; near middle is a pair of spots,
the largest and best defined of all; venter with a broad gray stripe
enclosing two rows of yellowish dots and bordered on each side by a
yellowish-white stripe.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1936. No paratypes.

BaALMACEDA PIcTA Peckham, 1894
Figures 42-44

B. picta Simon, 1903
B. picta F. Cambridge, 1901
B. picta Petrunkevitch, 1911

62 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

The Peckhams had two males and a female from Guatemala. This
is the first record from Panama. Since no adequate treatment of the
species has ever been published, I have thought it desirable to give here
a detailed description of the female. The spider in the Museum of Com-
parative Zodlogy from Turrialba, Costa Rica (N. Banks Collection)
and labelled Marpissa minor Cb. is this species. I also believe that the
pair of spiders from the Peckham collection labelled Balmaceda mo-
desta (Taczanowski) is not a Balmaceda but a Breda as once suggested
by the Peckhams. Among other important characters in these speci-
mens are: four promarginal teeth and a single simple tooth on the re-
tromargin of the fang groove; reduction of spines on the legs.

Female hypotype. Total length 7.36 mm. Carapace 2.88 mm. long,
2.11 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy three
fourths of width of carapace at their level, 1.02 mm. tall and, therefore,
slightly less than one half as tall as wide, rises gently from AME to
PLE, then descends gently to steep posterior declivity which begins
at about two thirds of distance from PLE to posterior border (Fig.
42); with no long hair but much short hair as noted later, black bristles
present in eye area but special tufts appear to be lacking though they
may have been removed in handling; a short median longitudinal
thoracic groove about halfway from opposite posterior border of PLE
to beginning of steep posterior declivity, lying in a shallow median
depression.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME and ALE are almost level. Anterior row wider than
posterior row in ratio of 25 : 23. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 25:17. Total eye space occupies four ninths of
length of carapace. Ratio of eves AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 22:
11 :2.5:11. AME separated from one another by one fourteenth of
their diameter, from ALE by slightly more. Middle eyes closer to ALE
than to PLE in ratio of about 7 : 8. Height of clypeus equal to about
one seventh of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with both
simple and clavate white hairs and the usual three bristles in lower
angle between AME. White hair also in a patch below each ALE.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical, somewhat gibbous in middle in front,
basal segment .58 mm. long. Fang fairly robust, evenly curved. Fang
groove with two small promarginal teeth and a single, moderately
robust fissidentate tooth on retromargin (Fig. 43).

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2:1 (largely hidden by first coxae), not deeply notched in middle
along outer margin, outer distal corner well rounded, with no tubercle.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 63

Iip. Longer than wide in ratio of 11 : 9, also partly hidden by en-
larged first coxae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 29 : 18, widest between third
coxae, anterior end much narrower than base of lip, posterior end
blunt and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by
about one fourth their diameter.

Legs. 4312. Tikial index of first leg 21, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
i 1.41 .90 .96 76 45 4.48
2, 1.28 83 .90 16 .50 4.27
3. 1.47 .70 .96 .96 SR 4.62
4. 1.58 * 83 1.41 1.15 .60 5.57

First pair of legs considerably enlarged, especially the coxae, femora,
patellae, and tibiae. Posterior coxae somewhat elongated. No fringes
on legs but considerable long light colored hair on palps.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal O-l-1-1, prolateral O0—0-1-2;
patella 0; tibia only prolateral 0-1 (offset ventrally), ventral 2-2-2;
metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first;
tibia only ventral 1r-2-1p; metatarsus 2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal
0-1-1-1, prolateral 0-O-O0-2, retrolateral 0-O0-O-1; patella 0; tibia
only ventral 0-O-1p; metatarsus prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2, retro-
lateral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral 0-0-1 (small),
retrolateral 0-0-1; patella 0; tibia as in third; metatarsus only ventral
al,

Abdomen. Elongate, quite pointed at posterior end, longer than
wide in ratio of 17 : 8, widest about two fifths from base. Anal tubercle
a somewhat elongated cone. All six spinnerets nearly equal in length,
anterior pair quite stout, position of colulus indicated by tuft of stiff
hairs. Tracheal spiracle at base of spinnerets.

Eyigynum. A rather small epigynal plate; very slightly notched in
posterior margin. Several spermathecae and associated tubules just in
front of posterior margin. Anterior two fifths of plate a smooth yel-
lowish-white part bounded posteriorly by two short curved lines
meeting in the center (Fig. 44).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally a rich reddish light brown;
white hairs on clypeus and around eyes as already noted; eyes on black
spots; considerable white appressed hair over dorsal region, black
clavate hairs over lateral sides and posterolateral corners, the light
reddish brown continues medially from dorsal region to posterior

64 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

border thus making an indefinite stripe; a narrow white marginal
stripe of clavate hairs. Sternum yellowish-white dusted with gray.
Legs and palps unicolorous-yellow with a few brownish spots. Abdo-
men: a short brownish basal sagittate stripe enclosed in a light, central
stripe much serrated marginally extending whole length of abdomen;
lateral sides brownish; yellowish spotted with brownish ventrolater-
ally; venter yellowish-white.

Type locality. Female hypotype from Canal Zone Biological Area.
June-July, 1934. Another female from the same locality, Aug., 1939,

BALMACEDA REDUCTA spec. nov.
Figures 45-47

4

Female holotype. Total length 6.02 mm. Carapace 2.69 mm. long,
2.18 mm. wide somewhat behind PLE which occupy about two thirds
of width of carapace at their level, 1.09 mm. tall and, therefore, half
as tall as wide (broader than usual in the genus), gently inclined to
PLE, only slightly depressed behind PLE until posterior declivity
which begins about five eighths of distance from PLE to posterior
border; lateral sides considerably rounded; with a median longitudinal
thoracic groove of moderate length only a short distance behind PLE
(Figs. 45-46). A tuft of four stiff black bristles somewhat behind ALE
and two shorter similar bristles immediately behind ALE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE and AME are level with one another. Anterior row
wider than posterior row in ratio of 11 : 10, wider than middle row in
ratio of 22 : 19. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of
11:7. Total eye space occupies thirty-five eighty-thirds of the length
of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 21 :11:
2.75 : 10. AME separated from one another by one fifteenth of their
diameter, from ALE by one tenth of their diameter. Middle eyes
slightly closer to ALE than to PLE. Height of clypeus equal to one
tenth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a rich growth
of white hairs, a few long white bristles, and three long upturned,
brownish bristles in lower angle between AME. A brush of white
hairs appears prominently beneath ALE.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical, moderately robust, somewhat swollen
obliquely near base, with a few white lanceolate hairs on basal half in
front. Fang fairly robust, evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; pro-
margin with two teeth, innermost small; retromargin with a fairly
robust fissidentate tooth.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 65

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 7 : 3
(obscured by obtrusion of first coxae), outer border only moderately
notched in middle, outer distal corner rounded, with no tubercle or
hook.

Lip. Partly hidden by enlarged first coxae; probably longer than
wide in ratio of about 11 : 9; without special modifications. _

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 55 : 40, considerably nar-
rower at anterior border; anterior coxae only separated by one third
their diameter; only slightly convex; widest at interval separating
second and third coxae; posterior end bluntly rounded and not ex-
tended between fourth coxae which are separated by about one third
of their diameter.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 31, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(AJ] measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.28 .96 83 .64 45 4.16
2. 1.09 83 70 08 45 3.65
3. 1.09 .64 sd 83 Ol 3.84
4, 1.34 .70 1.15 .90 02 4.61

All legs moderately hairy especially on the three most proximal
segments.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral 1-2 (ail
near distal end; patella 0; tibia only prolateral 0-1-0, and ventral .
2-2-2; metatarsus only ventral 2-2, all ventral tibial and metatarsal
ventral spines long and robust, the first pair of metatarsals being
nearly as long as the segment. Second leg: femur and patella as in
first except only two femoral prolaterals near distal end; tibia and
metatarsus as in first except they are shorter. Third leg: femur and
patella as in second; tibia only ventral 0-0-2, with promarginal lack-
ing on left; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1, retrolateral 0-1, ventral
0-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, retrolateral one near distal
end; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-O-1p; metatarsus only ventral 0-2.

Abdomen. Ovoid, somewhat flattened; longer than wide in ratio of
about 2 : 1; widest near middle; anal tubercle a somewhat flattened
cone with a tuft of white hairs; six spinnerets of moderate length and
without modifications; position of colulus indicated by a dispersed
group of long black hairs; trachael spiracle near base of spinnerets,
with an obscure lip but without tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally reddish brown but with yel-
lowish-white hair extending in streaks especially from dorsal postocu-

66 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

lar area; eyes on black spots; beneath ALE are tufts of yellowish-white
hair. Legs with many yellowish and reddish brown bars dorsally, all
lighter beneath. Chelicerae reddish brown; maxillae and lip lighter
with yellowish-white tips. Sternum brownish. Abdomen: a broad,
much indented and broken yellowish-white stripe extends dorsally
from base to near posterior end; lateral sides with broad oblique brown
bands, one of which reaches dorsally to divide the dorsal light stripe
into anterior and posterior halves; venter nearly uniformly yellowish
with a faintly outlined broad median darker stripe.

Epigynum. A rather large epignyal plate, wider than long in ratio
of about 5:4; with a moderately deep posterior marginal notch;
anterior part of plate with a depression of moderate depth containing
two slightly raised areas with procurved posterior margins; two
spermathecae and associated tubules show through chitinous wall in
posterior half (Fig. 47).

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Forest Reserve,
C. Z., July, 1939. No paratypes.

BALMACEDA TURNERI spec. nov.
Figures 48-51

Female holotype. Total length 7.10 mm. Carapace 3.13 mm. long,
- 2.11 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy twenty-five
thirty-firsts of width of carapace at their level, 1.04 mm. tall and,
therefore, almost exactly half as tall as wide (Figs. 48-49) ; form essen-
tially as in B. picta Peckham, also true of hair and bristles; a short
median longitudinal thoracic groove a little more anterior in position
than in B. picta and carapace less depressed in its vicinity.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tangent
to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one eighth of diameter of AME;
anterior row only slightly wider than posterior row. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of 25 : 18. Total eye space occupies
eleven twenty-fourths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE = 24:11 :2.5:11. AME only slightly separ-
rated from one another, from ALE by one eighth of their diameter.
Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about 8 : 9. Height
of clypeus equal to one twelfth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus
decorated only by a weak ventral fringe of long white hair, a few long
white hairs elsewhere and the usual three long bristles in lower angle
between AME.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF. PANAMA 67

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical, very slightly gibbous in front in mid-
dle, basal segment .77 mm. long. Fang of moderate size and evenly
curved. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth and a single fissi-
dentate type of retromarginal tooth (Fig. 50).

Mazillae. Parallel, apparently as in B. picta but largely hidden by
enlarged and nearly contiguous first coxae.

Inp. Apparently as in B. picta but largely hidden by first coxae.

Sternum. Very narrow at anterior end, longer than wide in ratio of
3l : 18, widest between third coxae, posterior end blunt and not ex-
tended between fourth coxae which are nearly contiguous.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 20, of fourth leg 13. First leg
considerably enlarged as in B. picta. No fringes on legs.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.34 1.02 94 oO 45 4.52
2: 1.21 .89 18 .66 44 3.98
3. 1.41 10 .90 .90 08 4.49
4, 1.66 .96 1.47 .98 .64 5.71

Spines. First leg: as in B. picta. Second leg: as in B. picta except
tibia ventral 2-2-2 on left and 1r-2-2 on right. Third leg: femur and
patella as in B. picta except femur prolateral 0-O-1-2; tibia prolateral
0—-0-1-0, ventral 0-0-2, retrolateral 0-O-1-0; metatarsus prolateral
and retrolateral 0-2, ventral 0-1. Fourth leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-
1-1, and prolateral 0-O0-O0-1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-0-2;
metatarsus only prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-1.

Abdomen. Elongate ovoid, just a little more than twice as long as
wide, widest about two fifths from base, other features essentially as
in B. picta.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate broadly notched in posterior border;
several spermathecae and associated tubules showing from within for
a considerable distance in front of marginal notch; two somewhat
depressed areas separated by a broad low septum occupies anterior
two fifths of plate (Fig. 51).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: numerous short recurved black bristles
and long black bristles around eyes; interocular area rich reddish
brown with surface finely granulate, much lighter behind eyes and
through first half of steep declivity; eyes on black spots; lateral and
dorsolateral regions thickly covered with short black hair; a white
marginal line from posterolateral angles to opposite PLE, then it is
continued to clypeus by merely a white fringe. Sternum yellowish,

68 BULLETIN :»* MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

irregularly spotted with brown. All legs and palps unicolorous yellow-
ish obscurely spotted with pale brown. Abdomen: a broad central
light stripe extends from base to tip of posterior spinnerets, bordered
with dark brown and serrated, especially in posterior half; a fairly
broad dorsolateral brown stripe on each side extends from base to tip
of spinnerets; remainder of abdomen a clear yellowish-white.

Type locality. Female holotype from Porto Bello, R. P., August,
1936. No paratypes.

MABELLINA gen. nov.

Carapace low, fairly broad, moderately rounded laterally, nearly
flat in interocular region, with a very short median longitudinal
thoracic groove about one third of the distance from PLE to steep
posterior declivity. Eyes: anterior row moderately recurved; PME
considerably closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy about nine
elevenths of width of carapace; anterior row slightly wider than
posterior row; quadrangle of laterals nearly twice as wide as long;
total eye space occupies a little less than half the length of carapace.
Clypeus rather low. Chelicerae of moderate size, slightly produced.
Retromargin of fang groove with an obscurely fissidentate tooth.
Mazillae slightly convergent, unmodified. Sternuwm considerably nar-
rowed between first coxae; anterior border about as wide as base of lip.
Legs: 1423; first pair considerably enlarged, especially coxa, femur,
patella, and tibia; leg spines in general somewhat reduced in number;
first tibiae with four ventral spines on promargin and three on retro-
margin, with promarginal series occupying distal two thirds of seg-
ment. Abdomen elongate ovoid; spinnerets of moderate size. Geno-
type: Mabellina prescotti sp. nov.

MABELLINA PRESCOTTI spec. nov.
Figures 52-57

Male holotype. Total length 4.92 mm. Carapace 1.98 mm. long,
1.54 mm. wide at some distance behind PLE which occupy about
nine elevenths of width of carapace at their level, .83 mm. tall and,
therefore about .54 as tall as wide (Figs. 52-53); moderately well
rounded laterally, nearly flat in interocular area; descent from PLE
slight until posterior steep declivity is reached which begins about five
sevenths of the distance from PLE to posterior border; white lanceo-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 69

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 48-49. Balmaceda turneri Chickering; carapace, dorsal and lateral views.

Fig. 50. . 8B. turneri Chickering; cheliceral teeth.

Fig. 51. B. turnert Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 52. Mabellina prescottt Chickering; carapace, lateral view.

Fig. 53. M. prescotti Chickering; whole body, dorsal view.

Fig. 54. M. prescotti Chickering; cheliceral teeth.

Fig. 55. M. prescotti Chickering; first leg, lateral view.

Fig. 56." M. prescotti Chickering; first tibia and metatarsus, ventral view.

Fig. 57. M. prescotti Chickering; male palp, ventral view.

70 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

late hair in stripes to be noted later, and a moderate amount of simple
hair; a single large black bristle considerably below PME; at postero-
lateral angle is a tuft of erect white hair meeting a corresponding tuft
from the abdomen; a very short median longitudinal thoracic groove
about one third of the distance from PLE to posterior border.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one sixteenth of the
diameter of AME. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of
55 : 53, wider than middle row in ratio of 55:48. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of 11 : 6. Total eye space occupies
about four ninths the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE = 17.5 : 6 : 1.75 : 6.5. AME separated from one
another by one twelfth of their diameter, from ALE by one eighth of
their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of
about 7 :10.. Height of clypeus equal to about one third of diameter
AME (exact outlines hidden by white hair). Clypeus decorated with a
rich covering of long white lanceolate hair which does not quite reach
lower border of AME but covers basal third of chelicerae, a single long
white bristle beneath outer border of AME, and apparently only two
long yellowish bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, slightly modified, flattened consider-
ably in front with lateral margins strongly chitinized; basal third with
many short lanceolate hairs infront; basal segment .65 mm. long,
basal boss not observed; distal half with a large reddish brown spot in
front. Fang robust in basal half, remainder of moderate size, fairly
evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; promargin with two very small
teeth at inner end; retromargin with a single low and somewhat ob-
scurely fissidentate tooth (Fig. 54).

Mazillae. Slightly convergent, longer than wide in middle in ratio
of about 2:1, only moderately concave in middle of outer border;
moderately swollen along middle of retrolateral surface, outer distal
corner well rounded, without tubercle or hook.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 16 : 13, basal excavations reach a
little more than one third of length of organ; reaches a little beyond
middle of maxillae, distal border well rounded. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 38 : 27;
anterior coxae separated by one half the greatest width of sternum;
anterior border about as wide as base of lip; quite strongly convex;
posterior end blunt, not extended between fourth coxae which are
separated by one third of their diameter. First coxae much enlarged.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 16. First leg

CHICKERING: SALTICID~SPIDERS OF PANAMA aa
*

considerably enlarged, especially coxa, femur, patella, and tibia (Fig.
55). Only a moderate amount of hair and no special fringes or tufts.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1 1.47 .96 1.34 .96 50 5.23
2. .96 58 70 .66 .36 3.26
3. .96 51 54 64 — .36 3.01
4. 1.02 51 70 00). .36 3.29
Palp .66 26 16 — 51 1.59

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral 0-0-2-0;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 0-2-2-1p-2 (last pair
not terminal), not well matched, with promarginal series occupying
distal two thirds of segment, retromarginal series the distal three
fourths; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2 (Fig. 55); promarginal spines
of both tibia and metatarsus large while those of retromarginal series
are reduced in size (Fig. 56). Second leg: femur as in first; patella 0;
tibia only ventral 0-lr—-2-2; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Third
leg: femur as in first except retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia pro-
lateral 0-1-0, retrolateral 0, ventral 0-0-2 on right, 0-O-Ir on left;
metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1. ventral 0-1. Fourth leg:
femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0O-O-1p; meta-
tarsus as in third on right, broken on left. Palpal spines: only femur
dorsal 0-O-1-1.

Palp. Femur slightly bent; patella and tibia short, with latter about
two thirds as long as former; tibial apophysis a long retrolateral spur
which projects laterally but is turned downward near its tip, broad at
base but slender distally; bulb about as wide as long; embolus arises
near center of bulb, describes a complete circle and about a semicircle
again to terminate as a very slender filament near anterior border of
bulb; at base on retrolateral side is a deep oval depression in the cym-
bium (Fig. 57).

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of 9 : 4, anal tubercule a short,
somewhat flattened cone with a tuft of white hairs; at anterior border
in middle is a group of erect black bristles and at each anterodorsal
corner is a tuft of erect white hairs; six spinnerets of moderate length,
closely crowded together, anterior pair the stoutest, posterior pair
nearly twice as long as anterior pair; position of reduced colulus indi-
cated by a tuft of black hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets,
with distinct lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. With a very striking color pattern. Carapace: with

2 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

seven stripes; a central dorsal narrow yellowish-white stripe from AME
to near posterior border, on each side of this central stripe is a rather
narrow reddish brown stripe from AME to posterior border, the two
converge in vicinity of thoracic groove, on each side a broad white
stripe covered with lanceolate hair from ALE nearly to posterior
border, finally on each side a bright reddish brown marginal stripe
from AME to posterior border; many pale rust-red hairs between ALE
(Fig. 53). Palps yellowish-white. Chelicerae: yellowish-white,
streaked with reddish brown and with the frontal spot already noted.
Mazxillae and lip reddish brown with whitish tips. Sternum and all
coxae clear yellowish-white, first coxae with a small reddish brown
prolateral and retrolateral spot. Legs: first pair with yellowish-white
tarsi, metatarsi the same with a short distal retrolateral reddish brown
stripe, tibiae reddish brown with a prolateral and retrolateral yellow-
ish-white spot occupying most of the central area, patellae reddish
brown with an incomplete dorsal yellowish stripe and a retrolateral
distal spot of the same color, femora reddish brown with dorsal and
retrolateral yellowish-white stripes; other legs unicolorous yellowish-
white. Abdomen: a slender central yellowish-white stripe between
two narrow reddish brown stripes which begin together at base and
unite again near posterior end; a broad white dorsolateral stripe cov-
ered with white lanceolate hairs extends on each side the entire length
of abdomen; lateral sides and venter behind genital groove unicolorous
bright reddish brown with numerous scattered white lanceolate hairs
(Fig. 53); anterior and posterior pairs of spinnerets also reddish brown.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1939. One male paratype, El Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

Genus Rupra Peckham, 1885

RupDRA GENICULATA Peckham, 1885

Rudra geniculata Peckham, 1894.
R. geniculata F, Cambridge, 1901.
R. geniculata Simon, 1903.

R. geniculata Petrunkevitch, 1911.
R. geniculata Banks, 1929.

Mr. Banks (’29) stated that a male of this species was taken in the
Canal Zone Biological Area, June, 1924, but the vial now contains a
female. I have one immature male which very closely resembles the
female, Canal Zone Biological Area, June, 1936. The hypotype female

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA We

should be very carefully described since the adult male remains un-
known. I also have two females from the locality cited above, June-
July, 1939.

Note: I have one specimen, an immature male, from EI Valle, R. P.,

July, 1936, which undoubtedly represents a new species. I do not
consider it a good practice to describe a new species from an immature
specimen, hence I merely note it here and await the collection of
mature specimens by myself or others.

—

Oo Or

Thiodina Group
Key to the genera in the Thiodina Group

. Anterior tibiae with special ventral sensory hairs (varying from a single

one to two pairs, lacking in one species referred to the genus Banksetosa) .2

. Anterior tibiae without special ventral sensory hairs................... 4
. Small spiders, usually not much more than six mm. long; with moderately

low carapace; retromargin of fang groove with a single simple tooth; with
two pairs of ventral bulbous sensory hairs on anterior tibiae; total eye —
space occupies a little more than half the length of carapace........

i Cotinusa, (p. 90)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 3
. Small spiders, usually not much over five mm. long; with moderately low

carapace; retromargin of fang groove with a fissidentate tooth or two small
teeth close together; with a single special ventral sensory hair or a pair
of these on anterior tibiae (lacking in one species); total eye space occu-
pies less than half the length of carapace........... Banksetosa, (p. 78)

. Size very variable, but usually larger, up to ten mm. long; carapace of

moderate height; retromargin of fang groove with variable number of
teeth, most commonly three or four; with two pairs of special ventral
sensory hairs on anterior tibiae; total eye space occupies half or less than
halfithe length of-carapace..7.55...8....-2---+---- Thiodina, (p. 106)

. Abdomen with a series of three broad red bars and four grayish bars alter-

nating; carapace much longer than wide; total eye space occupies slightly
more than half the length of carapace; sternum much narrowed in front
Psecas, (p. 99)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 5
. First tibiae with four pairs of ventral spines; chelicerae strongly developed

in male, not so in female; carapace slopes quite steeply in males from
PLE to posterior border, less abruptly in females ....Scopocira, (p. 103)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 6
. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLH; anterior row of eyes about equal in

width to that of posterior row; retromargin of fang groove with a row of
six teeth of moderate size....................2.2-- Albionella, (p. 74)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 7

74 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

7. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE; anterior row of eyes slightly
wider than posterior row; retromargin of fang groove with a row of three
teeth, the most medial a fissidentate tooth; total eye space occupies a
little more than half the length of the carapace....... Toloella, (p. 106)

7. Middle eyes considerably closer to ALE than to PLE; anterior row of eyes
slightly wider than posterior row; retromargin of fang groove with two
or three small teeth; total eye space occupies a little less than half the
lenethrotrcarapace cesarean ei cer ye crc eae eae eee Carabella, (p. 86)

ALBIONELLA gen. nov.

Carapace moderately high and moderately broad; lateral sides
moderately rounded; considerably arched dorsally from AME to pos-
terior declivity; with a short median longitudinal thoracic groove a
short distance behind PLE. Eyes: anterior row considerakly recurved;
PME somewhat closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy about six
sevenths of width of carapace; anterior and posterior row about equal
in width; quadrangle of laterals distinctly wider than long; total eye
space occupies more than half the length of carapace. Clypeus moder-
ately low. Chelicerae: of moderate size; parallel, vertical; retromargin
of fang groove with six teeth of moderate size. Mazxillae parallel, un-
modified. Sternum broad, widest between second coxae, but not much
narrowed between first coxae. Legs: 4132; first leg not enlarged; with-
out fringes; leg spines present in moderate number. Spinnerets of
moderate size. Genotype: Albionella propria spec. nov.

ALBIONELLA PROPRIA spec. nov.
Figures 58-61

This genus appears to be closely related to Scopocira, but only
females are yet available from which to judge.

Female holotype. Total length 3.46 mm. Carapace 1.60 mm. long,
1.20 mm. wide opposite PLE which occupy twenty-four twenty-
sevenths of width of carapace at their level, .82 mm. tall and, thére-
fore, .68 as tall as wide; ascent gradual from AME to PLE, then a
gradual drop to steep posterior declivity which begins a little more
than halfway from PLE to posterior border; cephalic part with verti-
cal lateral sides and gradually rounded from behind ALE to postero-
lateral corners; with a short broad longitudinal median thoracic groove
just a short distance behind PLE which lie in a depression of consider-
able depth (Figs. 58-59). With a moderate amount of light hair a tuft

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 05

of which is erect just below beginning of steep posterior declivity.
Also with a few long slender bristles in ocular area.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one eighth of diameter
of ALE. Anterior row and posterior row equal in width, both wider
than middle row in ratio of 47 : 42. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 47:37. Total eye space occupies slightly more than
four sevenths of the length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE :
PME : PLE = 17:8 :2:8.5. AME barely separated from one an-
other, from ALE by one sixteenth of their diameter. Middle eyes
closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about 7 : 10. Height of clypeus
equal to three sixteenths of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated
only with a well developed ventral fringe of white hairs, three bristles
in lower angle between AME, the upper of these bristles is very long
and turned upward as far as dorsal boundaries of AME, the other two
are much shorter and only slightly turned upward.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, with basal segment .45 mm. long,
moderately swollen in front obliquely across from medial basal angle
to outer distal angle. Fang of moderate size, evenly curved. Fang
groove distinct; promargin with five small teeth all near medial end of
groove; retromargin with six teeth of moderate size with their bases
contiguous (from certain angles they appear to be united) (Fig. 60).

Mazxillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
5 : 3; only slightly concave in middle of outer border; distal border
rounded and continuous with outer lateral boundary with no tooth or
hook at outer distal corner; with well developed scopula along trunca-
ture.

Inp. Slightly wider than long; basal excavations reach slightly less
than one third of organ; reaches to middle of maxillae. Sternal suture
straight.

Sternum. Scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 29 : 25; widest
between second coxae; anterior border slightly wider than base of lip;
anterior coxae sixteen twenty-fifths as wide apart as greatest width of
sternum; posterior end broadly rounded and not extended between
fourth coxae which are separated by seven elevenths of their diameter.
First coxae somewhat the stoutest.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 14. All legs
with a moderate amount of simple hair and white lanceolate hair, but
with no fringes or special tufts. Palps with well developed fringes on
prolateral and retrolateral sides of patellae, tibiae, and tarsi, especi-
ally long on prolateral side of tibiae.

76 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi ~«° Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il .90 53 .60 40 38} 2.76
2, .80 47 .50 40 32 2.49
3. 83 44 .50 53 32 2.62
4, .93 43 .67 .63 28 3.04

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1 and prolateral distal 1;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 2—2-2, last pair not terminal and first pair
near base; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and patella
as in first; tibia as in first except prolateral 0-0-1; metatarsus as in
first. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral 0-O-0-2, retrolateral
distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-0-1’, retrolateral 0—-1-1-0, ventral
1lp-0O-0; metatarsus prolateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1, ventral 0-2.
Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral 0-O0-0-1; patella 0; tibia
as in third; metatarsus prolateral 0-1, retrolateral 1-1; ventral 0-2.
Palpal spines: none observed.

Abdomen. 1.74 mm. long; longer than wide in ratio of 27 : 19;
widest about three-fifths from base; mildly bilobate at base where there
is a group of stiff bristles; anal tubercle a short broad cone; six spin-
nerets of moderate length, rather slender, anterior pair the stoutest,
approximated at bases, middle pair slightly the longest; position of
colulus indicated by small tuft of stiff, dark colored bristles; tracheal ©
spiracle near base of spinnerets, with distinct lip and what appears to
be a low tubercle (somewhat doubtful because of faulty preservation
in this region); a tuft of stiff bristles at base.

Epigynum. Rather large; considerably wider than long; at postero-
lateral corners are curved boundaries; near middle of plate on each side
about two diameters of one of them apart is a pair of shallow de-
pressions (Fig. 61). ’

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally light brown; eyes on black
spots; with many slender white hairs; a narrow black line follows
ventral margin together with a much broader stripe of irregular dark
brown spots which become more distinct toward anterior end; a broken
stripe of irregular small brown spots from posterior steep declivity to
opposite PME in about the middle of lateral sides. Palps yellowish-
white with femora and coxae dusted with dark brown. Chelicerae,
maxillae, and lip amber colored. Sternum a clear light amber. Legs:
yellowish; first two pairs with few dark spots; third and fourth with
many spots and bands. Abdomen: dorsum yellowish with many small
brownish spots, especially numerous on either side at posterior end;
lateral sides brownish with small yellowish dots; venter yellowish-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA On

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 58-59. Albionella propria Chickering; whole body, dorsal view, and ©
carapace, lateral view.

Fig. 60. A. propria Chickering; cheliceral teeth.

Fig. 61. A. propria Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 62-63. Banksetosa dubia Chickering; carapace, dorsal and lateral views.

Fig. 64. B. dubia Chickering; cheliceral teeth.

78 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

white with a few small brownish spots especially around tracheal
spiracle.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
August, 1939. No paratypes.

BANKSETOSA gen. nov.

Carapace fairly low, rather long, with lateral sides only moderately
rounded; moderately flat dorsally, with a median longitudinal thoracic
groove of moderate length about halfway from PLE to posterior de-
clivity. Hyes: anterior row moderately recurved; PME somewhat
closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy about seven eighths of total
width of carapace; anterior row slightly wider than posterior row;
quadrangle of laterals much wider than long; total eye space occupies
about two fifths of length of carapace; Clypeus low. Chelicerae small,
parallel, vertical; retromargin of fang groove with a fissidentate tooth
or two small teeth. Mazillae parallel, unmodified. Sternwm quite
convex, only slightly narrowed between first coxae; widest between
second coxae. Legs: 4123 or 1432 in male, 4132 in female; first pair
moderately thickened; leg spines reduced in number and size; some-
times either a single special sensory hair or a pair of these on ventral
side of first tibiae similar to those in several species of Cotinusa.
Abdomen: elongated and slender; spinnerets of moderate size, unmodi-
fied. Male palps appear to show close relationship to those of Cotin-
usa. Genotype: Banksetosa dubia sp. nov.

The two kinds of males at present nereman to this genus may be
separated by the following key:

Key to the species of Banksetosa

1. Palp with dorsal process of retrolateral tibial apophysis widened and flat-
tened distally; clypeus decorated only with ordinary bristles...........

B. notata, (p. 81)

1. Palp with dorsal process of retrolateral tibial apophysis not widened and
flattened distally; clypeus with a ventral white fringe. . B. dubia, (p. 78)

BANKSETOSA DUBIA spec. nov.
Figures 62-66

Male holotype. Total length 4.74 mm. Carapace 2.01 mm. ee
1.28 mm. wide at widest place, some distance behind PLE; dorsal

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 79

margins of cephalic part and first part of thoracic region nearly parallel ;
.70 mm. tall and, therefore, about seven thirteenths as tall as wide;
with a short longitudinal median thoracic groove which begins about
one third of distance from posterior border of PLE to posterior border
of carapace (Figs. 62-63).

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a line tangent to dorsal borders
of ALE cuts off about one ninth of diameter of AME. Anterior row
wider than posterior row in ratio of 50 : 47. Middle row narrower
than posterior in ratio of 44 : 47. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 25 : 16. Total eye space occupies about four ninths of
length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 18:
6 : 2:7. AME separated from one another by one eighteenth of their
diameter, from ALE by slightly more. Middle row closer to ALE than
to PLE in ratio of about 2 : 3. Height of clypeus equal to one twelfth
of diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a ventral fringe of
coarse white hairs, a few white hairs just below AME, and three
bristles in lower angle between AME which are surrounded by dull
yellowish hairs.

Chelicerae. Vertical, essentially parallel, outer margins ridged and
strongly chitinized, moderately produced, with basal segment .53 mm.
long, somewhat swollen in front from medial basal corner to outer
distal corner, with a few short hairs on front surface. Fang moderately
slender and evenly curved. Fang groove slightly excavated; with four
promarginal teeth closely approximated; the retromargin has a single
fissidentate tooth with two sharp cusps which from certain angles
appear to be two closely approximated (Fig. 64).

Mazxillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 22 :
9, outer margin acutely notched in middle, palp inserted in basal half,
moderately dilated distally, outer distal angle well rounded. Scopula
well developed along truncature and a part of medial edge.

Inp. Slightly longer than wide, basal excavations reach about
two fifths of length, widest at level of distal ends of basal excavations
from which level organ narrows until near distal end it is five twelfths
as wide as at widest place, moderately rounded distally and guarded
by a small group of black bristles. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Quite convex, elongate scutiform, longer than wide in
ratio of 5 : 3, widest between second coxae, narrowed anteriorly to
width of base of lip, posterior end blunt and not extended between
fourth coxae which are separated only by three elevenths of their
diameter.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 14. First leg

rsi0) BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

considerably enlarged, especially the femur which is strongly arched
dorsally, and patella and tibia. Black hair on ventral side of first
patella and tibia may be remains of a fringe. On the ventral surface of
the left anterior tibia is a single sensory hair somewhat like those in
Cotinusa and related genera, but on the right tibia there appears to
be a pair of these. There are differences between these sensory hairs
and those better known in related genera which may indicate a funda-
mental difference in function. Here the hairs seem not to be enlarged
except close to their origin and they are also shorter than those in
Cotinusa and Thiodina.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1 1.10 64 .88 51 40 3.53
2 .90 7 61 46 38 2.92
B, 95 52 .56 .O9 40 3.02
4, 1.02 56 Eval 72 40 3.41
Palp .60 P22 13 — 58 1.53

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O0-1-1-1, and prolateral
distal 2; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-1r—2—2; metatarsus only ventral
2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only ventral
lr—lr—-lr—2; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur as in first except
retrolateral distal 1; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal 0, pro-
lateral 0-1-1, retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus dorsal 0,
prolateral 1—2, retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-1 Fourth leg: femur as in
third except prolateral distal 1; patella as in third; tibia only prolateral
and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O0-2; metatarsus prolateral and
retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-lp-lp. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal
O>0e le i

Palp. Femur slightly curved, with only a few whitish hairs on dorsal
surface; a low ventral tubercle; patella and tibia both short, the
former longer than the latter in ratio of about 3 : 2; tibia with two
retrolateral processes, the dorsal one fairly stout, longer and gently
curved dorsally near its tip, the other is shorter, slenderer and curved
ventrally at distal end; bulb strongly swollen; embolus originates on
prolateral side distal to middle and curves evenly across cymbium to
its tip (Figs. 65-66).

Abdomen. Slender, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, longer than
wide in ratio of nearly 3 : 1, covered dorsally with a moderate supply
of fairly stiff bristles, anal tubercle a broad somewhat flattened cone;
anterior pair of spinnerets most robust, posterior pair only a little less

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 81

robust, middle pair surrounded by others, nearly as long as others but
slenderest of all. Position of colulus indicated by small tuft of bristles.
Position of tracheal spiracle presumed to be indicated by a fold a short
distance from base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. Palp, chelicerae, and lip generally Erownish; tip of
palpal tarsus yellowish-white. Maxillae brownish with yellowish tips
at truncatures. First leg generally dark brownish, lighter above and
nearly black on prolateral and retrolateral sides of femora and tibiae
where some iridescence occurs; tarsi yellowish-white. Second leg much
like the first except lighter; ventral surfaces of patellae and tibiae
yellowish-white as well as both metatarsi and tarsi except proximal
end of metatarsus. Third and fourth femora yellowish-white ventrally,
brownish elsewhere; third and fourth patellae and tibiae brownish
prolaterally and retrolaterally, yellowish-white elsewhere; third and
fourth metatarsi and tarsi yellowish-white. Carapace: generally light
amber above but becoming nearly black at ventral margin and in
cheek region, also on clypeus except for the white hairs there; eyes on
black spots except AME; interocular region filled with rounded masses
of whitish subchitinous guanin; a poorly defined white stripe on each
side from ALE back over and below PME and PLE to posterolateral
corners; a spot of white in region of thoracic groove and two narrow
stripes down each posterolateral corner to posterior margin (probably
much of the white has been removed by handling); sternum. yellowish-
white. Abdomen: a dark basal spot which continues along lateral sides
to posterior end and extends dorsally is overlaid with numerous white
hairs; in center of dorsum is a yellowish-white stripe extending through
about half the length where a series of alternate short brownish and
white bars occurs, the latter being covered with erect white hairs;
spinnerets dark, almost black; venter yellowish-white through center
to near base of spinnerets where a dark band occurs; nearly black
laterally.

Type locality. Male holotype from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939. No
paratypes.

BANKSETOSA NOTATA spec. nov.
Figures 67-72
It is with some hesitation that I have placed this species in the
genus Banksetosa, but it seems to rest here more securely than else-
where unless a new genus is made for it.
Holotype male. Total length 5.38 mm. Carapace 2.30 mm. long, 1.47
mm. wide at some distance behind PLE which occupy twenty-seven

82 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

thirty-seconds of width of carapace at their level, .89 mm. tall and,
therefore, about .61 as tall as wide; seen in profile, with beginning of
steep posterior declivity about seven elevenths of distance from PLE
to posterior border (Figs. 67-68) ; only with few simple hairs and white
lanceolate hairs later to be recorded under color; a short median longi-
tudinal thoracic groove about halfway from PLE to beginning of steep
posterior declivity.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one twentieth of the dia-
meter of AME. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of 28 :
27, wider than middle row in ratio of 28 : 25. Quadrangle of laterals
wider than long in ratio of 56 : 35. Total eye space occupies twenty-
three fifty-seconds of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE:
PME : PLE = 21 :9:2.5:8. AME contiguous and only slightly
separated from ALE. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in
ratio of about 3:4. Height of eclypeus equal to one seventh of the
diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with bristles as follows: a
few ordinary ones along ventral border and elsewhere, a single long
one beneath outer border of AME, a single long upturned one in lower
angle between AME and two much shorter ones below it.

Chelicerae. Rather small, parallel, vertical, with ridge extending
from medial border near base obliquely to outer distal angle, basal
segment .50 mm. long. Fang moderately robust, evenly curved. Fang
groove with three small promarginal teeth close together near medial
end; retromargin with two teeth also close together but nearly midway
between medial end and base of fang. The two latter appear like a
fissidentate tooth when viewed from certain angles.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of 5 : 2,
moderately notched in middle of outer border, outer distal corner
rounded, without tubercle or hook.

Tip. Slightly longer than wide at base, basal excavations reach half
the length of the organ, reaches almost three fifths the length of maxil-
lae. Sternal suture straight or slightly procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform, quite convex, highest in the middle,
widest between second coxae, anterior coxae separated by width of lip,
anterior border as wide as lip at base, posterior end bluntly rounded,
not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by one fifth
of their diameter.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 13. All legs
with a moderate supply of simple dark hair, but with no fringes. First
leg enlarged much as in Carabella gen. nov.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 83

Figs. 65-66.
Figs. 67-68.
Figs. 69-71.

Fig. 72.

External Anatomy of Spiders

Banksetosa dubia Chickering; male palp, ventral view, and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

B. notata Chickering; carapace, lateral view, and dorsal view,
smaller scale.

B. notata Chickering; male palp, ventral view, and palpal tibia in
retrolateral and dorsal view.

B. notata Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

84 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1 1.09 70 81 59 40 3.59
De .96 .64 .69 53 38 3.20
3. 1.00 54 51 65 30 3.03
4. 1.15 58 78 91 30 3.77
Palp 61 26 .20 — 70 Lees

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1 (last one lacking on right),
prolateral only distal 2 (with a prolateral row of short stiff bristles
reaching throughout segment); patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-0-2
(little more than cusps and not terminal); metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2 . Second leg: femur and patella as in first, minus the short stiff
bristles; tibia only ventral 0-O-1r-1p (last is terminal); metatarsus as
in first. Third leg: femur as in first except retrolateral distal 1; patella
only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral 0-1—1-0, retrolateral the same,
ventral 0-O0-1p on left and 0-O-2p on right; metatarsus prolateral
0-1, ventral 0-2, retrolateral 1-1. Fourth leg: femur as in third except
prolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-1-0,
ventral 1p—O-Ip (last is terminal); metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retro-
lateral 0-1, ventral 0-1. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-0-1.

Palp. Femur only slightly bent dorsally; patella and tibia both
short with latter nearly four fifths as long as former exclusive of the
apophysis; tibial retrolateral apophysis a massive extension of the seg-
ment from which two processes arise, the ventral process strongly
chitinized and hooked at apex, the dorsal process also strongly chitin-
ized, but widened and flattened distally, between dorsal process and
base of cymhium appears a strongly chitinized tubercle; embolus arises
in same position as in Carabella gen. nov. but beneath a membranous
flap from which it emerges, turns rather sharply and extends in a
sinuous and, perhaps, a spiral course to its termination near distal
end of cymbium (Figs. 69-71).

Abdomen. Elongated and nearly cylindrical; longer than wide in
ratio of nearly 3 : 1; with two pairs of dorsal sigilla faintly indicated in
second fourth from base; covered with numerous brown bristles. Other
features essentially as in Carabella gen. nov.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: central region from AME to near
posterior border yellowish-white, narrowed opposite thoracic groove
and sharply narrowed at steep declivity; interocular area with many
large white granules of subchitinous guanin and two clear spots; eyes
on black spots; a very narrow incomplete white stripe made by
lanceolate hairs from ALE beneath PME to some distance behind

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 85

PLE; lateral sides entirely brown. Legs: first pair generally light brown
with femora darker and tibia prolaterally the same, and tarsi yellow-
ish-white; second pair much the same as first but lighter; third and
fourth pairs generally yellowish-white with femora brown on both
lateral sides. Chelicerae deep amber; lip and maxillae lighter amber
with whitish tips. Sternum yellowish-white. Abdomen: dorsal central
area light brown throughout with a series of subchitinous guanin gran-
ules arranged roughly into four pairs of white spots close to middle line,
the first pair just behind first pair of dorsal sigilla and last pair just at
base of anal tubercle and contiguous with one another; along lateral
borders of the dorsal area are four pairs of obscure brownish spots;
dorsolateral regions with many small subchitinous guanin granules
overlaid with white hairs to make an indefinite stripe on each side;
laterally yellowish-white with many very narrow brownish stripes;
venter yellowish-white with many white subchitinous guanin granules;
spinnerets almost black.

Female allotype. Total length 5.25 mm. Carapace 2.24 mm. long,
1.38 mm. wide at some distance behind PLE which occupy twenty-five
twenty-ninths of whole width of carapace at their level, .84 mm. tall
and, therefore, almost .61 as tall as wide. Otherwise essentially as in
male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one tenth of diameter of
AME. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of 53 : 49, wider
than middle row in ratio of 53 : 46. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 53 : 34. Total eye space occupies slightly more than
two fifths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :
PLE = 19:8:3:8. AME very nearly contiguous to one another
and to ALE. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about
2:3. Height of clypeus equal to about one fifth the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated with a rich coat of long white lanceolate hairs con-
vergent toward middle line, and the usual three long upturned bristles
in lower angle between AME. White clypeal hairs extend beneath ALE
and dorsally between AME.

Chelicerae. Rather small, vertical, parallel, with basal segment about
.00 mm. long. Fang and fang groove essentially as in male (clearly two
small teeth and a minute cusp on retromargin).

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternuwm. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 22, of fourth leg 14. Other fea-
tures essentially as in male.

86 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1 .96 .60 58 52 .26 2.92
Pe. .83 Poll .o2 45 29 2.60
33, .89 A8 A5 .62 ee 2.76
4. 1.03 56 ste .83 at 3.54

Spines. First leg: femur only two very small ones on distal end,
dorsal 1, prolateral 1, also a prolateral row of six or seven small stiff
bristles; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-0-2 (last not terminal); meta-
tarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first
except prolateral row of special bristles are lacking; tibia,0; metatarsus
as in first. Third leg: femur and patella as in second; tibia only retro-
lateral 0-1-0; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-1.
Fourth leg: Paint only dorsal distal a eaarelle and tibia 0; metatarsus
as in third. Palpal spines 0.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male.

Epigynum. Posterior margin without a notch; a small median open-
ing a short distance anterior to margin; with a series of tubules within
on each side of this opening (Fig. 72).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: essentially like the male except that the
broad brown dorsolateral and lateral stripes in the male are modified in
the female so that the brown stripes are restricted to dorsolateral
regions and the lateral regions are entirely yellowish white thus making
five conspicuous stripes on the carapace. Legs, sternum, and mouth
parts unicolorous yellowish white. Abdomen: also much like that of
male; here the four pairs of dorsal brown spots are conspicuous with
first pair long, second pair small and oblique, third pair also oblique
and connected dorsally by a narrow isthmus, the fourth pair rounded
and connected dorsally by a broad isthmus; laterally and ventrally
yellowish white with many white guanin granules.

Type locality. Male holotype and one male paratype from El
Valle, R. P., July, 1936. Female allotype and one immature female
paratype taken with males.

CARABELLA gen. Nov.

Carapace fairly low, broad, flat dorsally; widest near middle; lateral
sides gently rounded; with short median longitudinal thoracic groove
only a short distance in front of steep posterior declivity. Eyes: an-
terior row moderately recurved; PME considerably closer to ALE than
to PLE; PLE occupy about seven ninths of width of carapace; anterior

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 87

row slightly wider than posterior row or the two rows equally wide;
quadrangle of laterals considerably wider than long; total eye space
occupies a little less than half the length of carapace. Clypeus low.
Chelicerae small, parallel, vertical; retromargin of fang groove with
two or three small teeth. Sternuwm: considerably raised (thickened) and
concave throughout raised portion; only moderately narrowed between
first coxae; widest between second coxae. Legs: 4123. first pair some-
what enlarged; leg spines definitely reduced in number and size.
Abdomen: elongate coniform; spinnerets of moderate size. Male palps
similar to those of Cotinusa. Genotype: Carabella banksi sp. nov.

CARABELLA BANKSI spec. nov.
Figures 73-77

Mr. Banks (’29) described a very interesting new species as Para- _
marpissa insignis. After a careful study of the types I have been
compelled to consider that his specimens, of which only females were
available, and the males which I have placed in this species belong to a
new genus which I have called Carabella. I thought for a time that
these males could be safely matched with Mr. Banks’ females, but I
now consider that doubtful. Hence I have decided to treat them as
two distinct species rather than to run the danger of combining them
in error. v

Male holotype. Total length 3.64 mm. Carapace 1.57 mm. long,
1.06 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy thirty-nine
forty-eighths of width of carapace at their level, .58 mm. tall and,
therefore, about .55 as tall as wide, with a moderate supply of simple
hair, bristles, and white lanceolate hair to be recorded later with color;
with a short median longitudinal thoracic groove beginning about two
fifths of distance from PLE to posterior border; seen in profile, rises
very little from AME to PLE, then descends a little to steep posterior
declivity which begins about three fifths of the distance from PLE to
posterior border (Fig. 73-74); nearly flat dorsally, widest considerably
behind PLE but only slightly wider than opposite PME.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one twelfth of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row slightly wider than anterior row,
wider than middle row in ratio of 39 : 36. Quadrangle of laterals wider
than long in ratio of 39 : 25. Total eye space occupies sixteen thirty-
fifths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME: ALE: PME:

88 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

PLE = 15 : 5.5 :2 :5.5. AME contiguous, separated from ALE by
one fifteenth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to
PLE in ratio of 3:5. Height of clypeus equal to one tenth the dia-
meter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with bristles as follows: a few
convergent toward middle line, one long one beneath each AME and
incurved toward middle line, and three long upturned ones in lower
angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Small, parallel, vertical, with strongly chitinized and
sharply ridged outer borders and inner borders also through basal
three fifths, somewhat flattened in front and with finely rugulose front
surface which is somewhat iridescent. Fang short, robust at base,
evenly curved. Fang groove difficult to see clearly but probably with
two small teeth on each margin. On at least one paratype there are
three retromarginal teeth, all small.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in ratio of about 2 : 1, moder-
ately notched in middle of outer border, distal border nearly straight
and with contiguous outer border makes nearly a right angle, some-
what excavated contiguous to lip, outer angle smoothly rounded with-
out tubercle or hook.

Iip. About as long as wide, basal excavations reach about one
third the length of the organ, reaches well beyond middle of maxillae.
Sternal suture mildly procurved.

Sternum. Of unusual form; considerably raised (thickened) and dis-
tinctly concave in raised part. Generally elongate scutiform, longer
than wide in ratio of 16 : 11, widest between second coxae, only a little
narrower between first coxae which are considerably wider apart than
base of lip, anterior border slightly narrower than base of lip, posterior
end bluntly pointed and not extended between fourth coxae which are
separated by one fourth their diameter. Fourth coxae considerably
the stoutest but not much longer than others.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 23, of fourth leg 13. First leg
much thickened in femur, patella, and tibia (Fig. 75). No definite
- fringes, but all legs with a moderate amount of black simple hair.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
iL. soe 51 45 ron 26 2.34
De .64 239 40 Pa) 26 2.01
on .62 Bi BY 41 .24 1.96
4, 70 38 .60 .56 30 2.54
Palp 44 15 10 ~- 38 1.07

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 89

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O0-1-1-0, prolateral only distal 1;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-0-2 (reduced to cusps and not terminal) ;
a paratype shows 0-2-2- (also cusps) on tibia; metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first except femur prolateral
distal 2; tibia only ventral 0-0-1 (terminal and near middle); meta-
tarsus as in first. Third leg: femur only with four near distal end (two
on prolateral side, one dorsal, and one retrolateral); patella prolateral
and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia only retrolateral 1-1-0 and ventral 0-0-1
(near middle); metatarsus prolateral 1-1, ventral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1.
Fourth leg: femur as in third except prolateral distal 1; patella 0;
tibia prolateral O0-1-1-0, retrolateral 1-1-0, ventral 0-0-1 (near
middle); metatarsus prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1.
Palpal spines: apparently only femur dorsal 0-0-1.

Palp. Femur practically straight, with a dorsal row of white hairs;
patella and tibia short with latter about two thirds as long as the
former; tibial retrolateral apophysis divided near base into two elon-
gated spines, the dorsal one less chitinized than the ventral one; bulb
considerably swollen, overlaps tibia considerably; embolus long and
slender, arises near base of bulb on prolateral side and extends distally
nearly to apex of cymbium (Figs. 76-77).

Abdomen. Elongated coniform, not flattened dorsoventrally, longer
than wide in ratio of about 3 : 1, nearly parallel sides for three fifths of
its length, anal tubercle a prominent cone with stiff black hairs;
posterior spinnerets slender, three jointed, terminal joint short globose,
anterior spinnerets much more robust, about two thirds as long as
posterior pair, middle spinnerets hidden but definitely the slenderest
and shortest; position of colulus not indicated; tracheal spiracle near
base of spinnerets but concealed.

Color in alcohol. Carapace generally light brown; eyes on black
spots; interocular area contains much subchitinous white guanin placed
so that two large clear spots (often looking dark colored) show between
intervals separating PME and PLE; a broken narrow white stripe
extends from ALE to posterolateral corner on each side; four very nar-
row and somewhat incomplete white stripes extend over the steep
posterior declivity, the first two being at the corners; all white marks
made by lanceolate hairs. Legs generally light brownish; all femora
brown, lighter below; first three pairs of tibiae brown prolaterally ;
first and second metatarsi also brown prolaterally; all tarsi yellowish
white. Palps: femora brownish, other segments more distal are yellow-
ish white. Chelicerae, maxillae, and lip light reddish brown. Sternum
light amber. Abdomen: dorsal area strongly chitinized, light reddish

90 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

brown with a pair of small dark spots near middle; two dorsolateral
white stripes pass back for about one fourth the length of abdomen;
behind these are two dorsolateral white spots on each side, the first
small and rounded, the second a short band which reaches dorsally
just in front of a narrow dark band which lies across the dorsal area at
about the beginning of the last fifth of the length of this part of body;
at base of anal tubercle is another white narrow incomplete band;
lateral sides brown with narrow yellowish stripes; venter unicolorous
brownish.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1939. Nine male paratypes from the same locality: June—July,
1934; June, 1936; July—Aug., 1939.

CARABELLA INSIGNIS (Banks), 1929
Paramar pissa insignis Banks, 1929.

Mr. Banks had three females from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
June-July, 1924. One of these is considerakly larger than the other
two, and does not seem to belong to the same species as the two
smaller ones. The two smaller specimens are considered to be those to
which this specific name should apply. The anterior row of eyes is re-
curved so that a line tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about
one tenth of the diameter of AME; anterior eyes very large with ratio
of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 18 :6:2 :6; clypeus almost
obliterated by large AME; total eye space a little less than half the |
length of carapace; anterior row of eyes slightly wider than posterior
row; PME closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about 7 : 11. Cara-
pace widest slightly behind PLE but nearly parallel sided from oppo-
site PME to widest place. Fang groove probably with four promar-
ginal teeth and certainly with three retromarginal teeth. First tibiae
with two ventral retromarginal spines and a single promarginal spine;
first metatarsi with two pairs of ventral spines; few spines on legs else-
where. Sternum concave with distinctly raised border. The types
should be carefully studied.

Genus CoTINusA Simon, 1900

CoTINUSA BRYANTAE spec. nov.
Figures 78-85
Male holotype. Total length 5.50 mm. Carapace 2.27 mm. long,
1.66 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy thirty-four
thirty-sevenths of width of carapace at their level, 1.15 mm. tall and,

‘CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 91

therefore, about eleven sixteenths as tall as wide, rises only slightly
from AME to highest point opposite PLE, then falls very gently for
about six elevenths of distance to posterior border, from which place
posterior declivity descends steeply (Fig. 78); somewhat excavated
around PLE except medially; flat in interocular region; large deposits
of white guanin beneath* chitin of interocular area; a short median
longitudinal thoracic groove beginning some tieemee behind posterior
borders of PLE.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a straight line from dorsal
borders of ALE cuts off about one tenth of diameter of AME. Anterior
row and posterior row equal in width. Middle row shorter than other
rows in ratio of about 15 : 17. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long
in ratio of 17 : 10. Total eye space occupies thirty-five sixty-eighths
of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE =
23 : 10 : 2.5 : 10. AME separated from one another by one twentieth
of the diameter of AME, from ALE by twice as far. Middle row closer
to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 3 : 5. Height of clypeus nearly equal
to one third of diameter of AME. Clypeus provided with hair and
bristles as follows: in lower angle between AME are two stiff upturned
bristles arising together; a group of about sixteen long bristles converg-
ing toward the middle line and arranged irregularly; a scant fringe of
white hairs along ventral margin. AME surrounded by rust-red hairs.

Chelicerae. Vertical, very slightly divergent with outer margins
ridged and strongly chitinized, considerably produced, basal segment
.67 mm. long, so oriented as to make a trough with medial edges form-
ing the bottom, only a few short hairs on prolateral surface. Fang
moderately slender, evenly curved, with a low blunt tubercle on retro-
lateral margin about one third of its length from the base. Fang groove
very distinct, slightly excavated, with a fairly robust tooth on pro-
margin which has a small tooth attached to it on each side and a short
distance toward base of fang another small independent tooth (some
irregularity in this feature has been noted among paratypes); a single
retromarginal tooth of moderate size (Fig. 79).

Mazxillae. Longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 35 : 13,
outer margin acutely notched in the middle, quite sharply pointed dis-
tally, with well developed scopula along truncature and medial border
(Fig. 80).

Inp. As wide as long, widest at distal end of basal excavations which
reach about two fifths of its length, reaches about two fifths the length
of maxillae, distal border broadly rounded. Sternal suture gently pro-
curved.

92

Figs. 73-74.

Fig. 75.
Figs. 76-77.

Fig. 78.
Fig. 79.
Fig. 80.
Fig. 81.

Figs. 82-83.

Fig. 84.
Fig. 85.

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

75

74

83

External Anatomy of Spiders

Carabella banksi Chickering; carapace, dorsal and lateral views.
C. banksi Chickering; first leg, lateral view.

C. banksi Chickering; male pale; ventral view and palpal tibia,
retrolateral view.

Cotinusa bryantae Chickering; carapace, lateral view.

C. bryantae Chickering; cheliceral teeth, male.

C. bryantae Chickering,; maxilla.

C. bryantae Chickering; first tibia, ventral view.

C. bryantae Chickering; male palp ventral view and palpal tibia,
retrolateral view.

C. bryantae Chickering; cheliceral teeth, female.

C. bryantae Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 93

Sternum. Gently convex, especially in posterior half; scutiform;
longer than wide in ratio of about 4 : 3; widest between second coxae
but not much narrowed between first coxae; somewhat wider at ante-
rior border than base of lip; terminates posteriorly in a blunt point
which is not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by
only one eighth of their diameter.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index.of first leg 20, of fourth leg 14. First coxae
much the stoutest, others progressively slenderer to the fourth, none
much elongated. First leg considerably enlarged especially femur,
patella, and tibia. Anterior tibiae each with two pairs of bulbous
hairs on ventral surface along promargin in basal half; neither pair of
bulbous hairs much elongated (Fig. 81). A poorly developed black
ventral fringe on anterior femora, patellae, and tibiae.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi —° Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
IL, ILI 500 78 ol 41 3.62
P40 1.04 .65 .68 Ol 41 3.29
3. 1.02 58 64 Wiis 40 3.41
4. 1.28 08 88 .96 45 4.15
Palp 66 33 aly ae 66 1.82

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O-1-1-1 and one prolateral
near distal end; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-O—2-1p (all short, much
reduced) (Fig. 81); metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and
patella as in first; tibia 0; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur only
one distal dorsal, two prolateral distal, and one retrolateral distal;
elsewhere 0, with ventral distal bristles on metatarsus. Fourth leg:
femur only three distal, one dorsal, and one each on both prolateral
and retrolateral surfaces; elsewhere 0. Palpal spines: only one dorsal
distal.

Palp. Femur only slightly curved as a whole but it is excavated
ventrally and has a low ventral tubercle near distal end (suggestive of
the femora of Chapoda festiva), with a few white hairs on retrolateral
surface and dark hairs at distal end of dorsal surface; patella and tibia
short but the former is nearly twice as long as the latter; tibial retro-
lateral apophysis broad at base, terminates in two processes, the dorsal
of which is blunt and not well chitinized while the ventral one is
slender, curved, and strongly chitinized (Figs. 82-83); tarsus as long
as femur, with a much swollen bulb and an embolus which arises near
base of cymbium and extends forward almost to its tip.

Abdomen. Slender, nearly cyclindrical, longer than wide in ratio of
about 3 : 1, with four dorsal sigilla in second quarter; anal tubercle a

94 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

slender cone surrounded with weak bristles. Anterior spinnerets much
the most robust, of moderate length; posterior pair nearly fifty percent
longer and rather slender; middle pair about as long as anterior pair
but very slender, nearly enclosed by others. Position of colulus not
indicated except, perhaps, by a small klack spot. Tracheal spiracle
near base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. First pair of legs: femora dark reddish brown,
nearly black prolaterally and retrolaterally, patellae and tikiae a deep
rich amber except yellowish distal ends of titiae, metatarsi and tarsi
yellowish white. Second leg: much the same except tikiae more than
half yellowish white. Third and fourth legs unicolorous yellowish
white. Palps and chelicerae generally deep amber; maxillae and lip
the same with yellowish tips. Sternum brown. Carapace: generally
reddish brown, very dark along ventral margin, streaked with darker
color laterally. All eyes except AME on black spots; interocular area
spotted with yellowish white from large subchitinous masses of white
guanin; around all eyes except AME are dull golden hairs; around
AME are rust red _ hairs; elsewhere is a moderate amount of whitish
procumbent hair. Abdomen: yellowish with many brownish dots and
streaks on dorsal side with no special pattern; laterally many alternate
brown and yellowish narrow stripes; venter with a broad central dark
stripe which widens in three places, just behind genital furrow, in the
middle, and just anterior to spinnerets.

Female allotype. Total length 6.78 mm. Carapace 2.50 mm. long,
1.73 mm. wide just a short distance behind PLE which occupy a little
more of width of carapace than in male, 1.09 mm. tall and, therefore
a little lower than in male. Median longitudinal thoracic groove less
distinetly indicated than in male. Otherwise essentially as in that sex.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a straight line from dorsal
borders of ALE cuts off about one seventh of diameter of AME.
Posterior row longer than anterior row in ratio of 71 : 66. Middle row
shorter than anterior row in ratio of 61 : 66. Quadrangle of laterals
wider than long in ratio of 71 : 38. Total eye space occupies thirty-
three seventy-thirds of length of carapace (whereas in male it occupies
slightly more than half). Clypeus much narrower than in male, height
equal to only about one tenth of diameter of AME. Clypeus with a
fairly copious supply of long white hair converging toward middle line.
Otherwise as in male.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, not produced, basal segment .62 mm.
long. Fang moderately slender, evenly curved. Fang groove with a
row of five promarginal teeth; the first is of moderate size, second is

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 95

largest, others decrease in size to last which is minute and sometimes
lacking in paratypes; retromargin with a single large tooth and a very
minute cusp near the base of the larger one (Fig. 84).

Mazillae and [ip. Essentially as in male except that maxillae are
relatively shorter and less deeply notched in middle of outer margin.

Sternum. Rather different in shape than in male; longer than wide
in ratio of about 7 : 9, widest at interval between second and third
coxae, considerably narrowed between first coxae which extend over
that part of sternum so that they are separated by less than half the
distance between second coxae. Otherwise essentially.as in male.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 23, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.09 .76 .70 43 A5 3.43
Ph. 1.13 .68 64 45 Ol 3.41
3. Li 64 (eo Niih 43 3.69
4, 1.45 70 1.09 neat 3 45 4.82

No fringes on legs. Two pairs of ventral bulbous hairs on anterior
tibiae very long, both reach nearly or quite to metatarsus.

Spines. First leg: femur only one dorsal distal and one prolateral
distal (both small; on left side there are two prolateral distals, not
found on most paratypes).; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-0-2-Ip as
in male; metatarsus only ventral 2-2 (hardly more than cusps).
Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia 0; metatarsus as in first.
Third leg: femur as in first on right; elsewhere 0. Fourth leg: femur
only one dorsal distal; elsewhere 0. Palpal spines 0. e

Abdomen. Much more robust than in male. Generally cylindri-
form, Jonger than wide in ratio of 66 : 29. Otherwise as in male.

Epigynum. Rather small and inconspicuous; with a nearly straight
posterior margin contiguous to genital groove; at each end of posterior
margin is a notch; a central low septum separates two shallow cavities;
within, there is a curved tubule on each side just in front of posterior
margin and in front of these are two small spermathecae on each side
(Fig. 85). Dissection reveals that what is seen externally is in reality
a coiled tubule on each side seen from different angles.

Color in alcohol. Quite different from that of male. All legs, palps,
chelicerae, maxillae, lip, and sternum yellowish white of different
shades. Carapace: all eyes except AME on black spots; interocular
area Jight reddish brown with white subchitinous guanin masses show-
ing through; just anterior to thoracic groove is a dark dotted recurved

96 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

band, in front of which is a yellowish spot and behind it is a broad
yellowish white spot which continues as a narrowed stripe to posterior
border; from ALE to posterior border on each side is a broad light
reddish brown stripe which covers about half of lateral side; remainder
of lateral side to ventral border is entirely yellowish white, thus mak- -
ing a striking color pattern on carapace. Abdomen: dorsally color is
mixture of brownish spots and dots, irregular small white spots from
the deposits of white guanin against a yellowish background; thebrown-
ish spots are roughly arranged through center in the form of a deeply
indented stripe; laterally are short narrow broken stripes of alternat-
ing brown and yellowish white with many of the white guanin spots;
ventral pattern essentially as in male. One female paratype shows a
series of six rather poorly defined transverse dorsal abdominal light
reddish bars on dorsum. This condition may be the normal one in life
because of the loss of colored hairs in handling.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype- taken together,
Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1936. Several male and female
paratypes from Canal Zone Biological Area: June-July, 1934; June-
July, 1936; Aug., 1939; Ft. Randolph, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Ft. Sherman,
CHAZ Ail O3 9%

COTINUSA SIMONI spec. nov.
Figures 86-88

Male holotype. Total length 4.86 mm. Carapace 1.92 mm. long,
1.34 mm. wide (relatively somewhat shorter than in C. bryantae sp.
nov.), PLE occupy fifty-six fifty-ninths of width of carapace at their
level, .84 mm. tall; with short median longitudinal thoracic groove
essentially as in C. bryantae sp. nov.; interocular area filled with
large irregular deposits of white subchitinous masses of guanin.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a straight line from dorsal
border of ALE cuts off one twentieth of diameter of AME. Posterior
row slightly wider than anterior row. Middle row narrower than an-
terior row in ratio of 49 : 55. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long
in ratio of about 11 : 7. Total eye space occupies nine seventeenths of
length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE =
20 :8 :2.:8. AME separated from one another by only one fortieth
of their diameter, from ALE by four times as far. Middle eyes closer
to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 8 : 18. Height of clypeus equal to
three twentieths of diameter of AME. Clypeus fringed ventrally by

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 97

a few white hairs; three long upturned bristles in lower angle between
AME. Light rust red hairs around AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, not produced, somewhat swollen in
front from proximal medial angle diagonally to distal outer corner;
otherwise without noteworthy features. Fang of moderate size, evenly
curved. Fang groove with four promarginal teeth, the first is small,
the second of moderate size, the third and fourth hardly more than
cusps; retromargin with a single fairly robust tooth which shows
shght indications of a fissidentate condition. (Fig. 86.)

Mazxillae. Essentially parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio
of about 2 : 1, moderately dilated distally, moderately concave along
outer border, rounded at distal border, with well developed scopula
at truncature and along medial edge for some distance.

Lip. Wider at base than long it ratio of 11 : 10, basal excavations
reach only about one third of its length, reaches to middle of maxillae.
Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Quite convex except in stLterlor quarter where it is nearly
flat; longer than wide in ratio of 3 : 2, widest between second coxae,
gradually narrowed to about width of lip at anterior end; terminates
bluntly at posterior end which is not extended between fourth coxae
which are separated by only two elevenths of their diameter.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1 1.07 .63 65 40 42 3.17
2. .82 Ray 58 40 37 2.74
Br .90 45 51 64 39 2.89
4. 1.03 52 dal sD 38 3.39
Palp 53 Pe 5 — 46 1.41

First leg only moderately enlarged. Two pairs of hairs bulbous at
base on ventral side of each anterior tibia along promargin and on
basal half; neither pair especially elongated. Remnants of a black
ventral fringe on first tibiae and metatarsi.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O0-0-1-0 and two prolateral dis-
tals; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-O—2 (retromarginal one is a very
minute cusp)—2; metatarsus only ventral 2-2 (small). Second leg:
femur and patella as in first; tibia 0; metatarsus as in first. Third leg:
femur only prolateral distal two; patella and tibia 0; metatarsus only
ventral distal 1, and retrolateral distal two stiff bristles. Fourth leg:

98 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

femur only prolateral distal 1; patella and tibia 0; metatarsus only
retrolateral distal 1. '

Palp. Femur only slightly curved, with only a weak remnant of
the prominent ventral] tubercle found in C. bryantae sp. nov.; patella
and tibia both short but former longer than latter in ratio of 9 : 5;
tibial retrolateral apophysis a single simple spur; bulb only moderately
swollen, embolus originates on prolateral side near middle of bulb
and then runs forward in a somewhat sinuous fashion to near tip of
ecymbium (Figs. 87-88). >

Abdomen. Slender, less cylindriform than in C. bryantae sp. nov.,
considerably tapered posteriorly, longer than wide in ratio of about
3 : 1, widest about one third from base which is only a little narrower
than widest part; anal tubercle a broad flattened cone; anterior pair
of spinnerets most robust, of moderate length; posterior pair sixty per-
cent longer than anterior pair and much slenderer; middle pair slen-
derest, nearly as long as anterior pair, enclosed by others. Position of
colulus not indicated. Tracheal spiracle presumed to be a short dis-
tance from base of spinnerets in a fold.

Color in alcohol. Palps and chelicerae reddish brown; lip and
maxillae the same with yellowish white tips. First leg: reddish brown
except the yellowish white metatarsi and tarsi; femora nearly black
on prolateral and retrolateral sides with a good deal of iridescence
which continues over the same surfaces of patellae and tibiae. Second
legs much like first except lighter colored. Third and fourth legs uni-
colorous yellowish white. Carapace: generally a rich reddish brown
with all eyes on black spots except AME; ventral margin narrowly
black; light yellowish hairs lie around eyes except AME where the
hairs are reddish; interocular area spotted with white because of
masses of white guanin beneath chitin. Abdomen: a black spot at
base; a narrow yellowish central stripe over cardiac area extending
only about one fifth the length of this part of body; on each side of the
short yellowish stripe is a poorly defined dark brownish gray stripe
which unites with its mate to form a central, poorly defined stripe ex-
tending to the posterior end; lateral sides yellowish, venter with a broad
nearly black central stripe which begins at base and extends to poste-
rior end, narrowing a little in the last third.

Type locality. Male holotype and one male paratype from El
Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

Key to the males of Cotinusa from Panama

1. Palpal tibia with two distinct retrolateral processes ...C. bryantae, (p. 90)
1. Palpal tibia with only one distinct retrolateral process. .C. simoni, (p. 96)

2

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 99

Genus Psscas C. Koch, 1850

PsEcAs ENOPLUS Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936
Figures 89-95
Deza sumptuosa Banks, 1929

Mr. Banks (29) had a female from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1924 which he identified as Deza sumptuosa (Perty). Cham-
berlin and Ivie (36) described the female from my collection of 1928
as a new species. The Peckhams had the male and female of Perty’s
species from Brazil and Trinidad. The male is not now in the collec-
tion in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, but I have compared
the female with my specimens of this species. On the basis of this
comparison together with the descriptions of previous workers I con-
clude that the Panamanian species is a good species. The color pat-
tern is strikingly alike in the two species, but there are several other
differences in structural features as well as in the details of both male
palpus and epigynum. The specific name in the original description
of the female is spelled in three different ways. I have adopted the
first spelling and the form in which it is written in the index to the
paper containing the description.

Male allotype. Total length 7.17 mm. Carapace 3.26 mm. long,
1.95 mm. wide a little behind PLE which occupy five sixths of width
of carapace at their level, 1.15 mm. tall, and therefore, a little less than ,
six tenths as tall as wide; very flat in interocular region, with a shallow
transverse groove just behind PLE which continues laterally as a
somewhat depressed region below these eyes; behind shallow depres-
sion thoracic part is little if at all lower than cephalic part; steep
posterior declivity begins about halfway from PLE to posterior border
(Fig. 89); a short median longitudinal thoracic groove extends from
the transverse dorsal groove, usually covered by scales.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one twenty-fifth of
the diameter of AME. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio
of 40 :37. Anterior row wider than middle row in ratio of 8 : 7.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 4:3. Total eye
space occupies just a little more than half the length of carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME: ALE: PME: PLE = 28 : 14.5 : 2.5 : 13.5.
AME contiguous with one another and almost so with ALE. Middle
eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 5 : 6. Height of clypeus
equal to only one twentieth of the diameter of AME. First row pro-

100 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

jects, especially AME, far over clypeus. Clypeus decorated only with
dark colored short bristles along ventral margin and longer ones above,
three long upturned bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Somewhat porrect, somewhat divergent, robust, basal
segment .90 mm. long, outer border somewhat sinuous. Fang some-
what sinuous, fairly long, becomes suddenly more slender in middle.
Fang groove with two small promarginal teeth near medial end; four
small teeth in a row close together on the retromargin and also close
to a remarkable large tooth bearing three cusps, all are in close rela-
tionship to a chitinous ridge (Fig. 90). Cusps of large tooth vary con-
siderably among the paratypes in respect to placement and relative
size.

Mazillae. Longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 3 : 1;
acutely notched in outer border near insertion of palp which is in basal
third; outer distal corner smoothly rounded; scopula well developed
along truncature; somewhat excavated contiguous to lip; moderately
dilated but not greatly widened at tip.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 15 : 19, elongate oval in outline;
a broad central rugulose ridge extends from base to tip and on each
side of ridge is a shallow groove divided in the middle by a short oblique
sharp ridge (Fig. 91); partly hidden by enlarged first coxae. Sternal
suture very short and straight.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 65 : 32, quite convex with
six secondary convexities opposite first, second, and third coxae, those
opposite the second being much the most prominent; very narrow at
anterior end where it is largely hidden by enlarged first coxae; poste-
rior end a blunt point not extended between fourth coxae which are
separated by only one tenth of their width (Fig. 92). A narrow,
strongly chitinized margin throughout.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 12, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 2.24 1.54 2.17 1.47 .62 8.04
2. 1.50 .96 1.15 96 .50 5.07
3. 1.51 70 84 .90 50 4.45
4. 1.92 .90 1.66 1.21 46 6.15
Palp 1.00 36 34 os Peo av ke: 2.47

All legs hairy, first especially so, but with no definite fringes.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PNAAMA 101

Fig. 86.
Figs. 87-88.

Fig. 89.
Fig. 90.
Figs. 91-92.
Figs. 93-94.

Fig. 95.

External Anatomy of Spiders

Cotinusa stmoni Chickering; male cheliceral teeth.

C. stmoni Chickering; male palp, ventral view, and palpal tibia,
retrolateral view.

Psecas enoplus, carapace, lateral view.

P. enoplus, male cheliceral teeth.

P. enoplus, maxilla and sternum.

P. enoplus, male palp, ventral view, and palpal tibia, retrolateral
view.

P. enoplus, female cheliceral teeth.

102 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O0-1-1-1-0, prolateral distal
2 on right, 1 on left; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral
0-1-0-0 (perhaps irregular, found only on right side of allotype male
and sometimes not at all in paratypes), ventral 2—-2—2-2 (second and
third on retromargin very long); metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Tibial
and metatarsal ventrals from raised bases. Second leg: femur only
dorsal as in first, and prolateral only one distal; patella 0; tibia only
prolateral 0-0-1 and ventral 2-2-2 (promarginal short, retromarginal
long; metatarsus only ventral 2-2). Third leg: femur dorsal as in first,
prolateral and retrolateral only one distal on each side; patella 0; tibia
only ventral 0-O-1p; metatarsus only retrolateral 0-0-1. Fourth leg:
femur only dorsal as in first, retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only
ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus 0. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1-1,
and a group of five short ones at tip of cymbium.

Palp. Femur somewhat curved ventrally, especially in basal half;
patella and tibia nearly equal in length; tibia somewhat excavated
along distal half of retrolateral side, with a sharp curved ridge and a
short robust apophysis (Figs. 93-94); tarsal bulb only gently swollen,
with a broad blunt heavily chitinized rugulose portion and a short
robust, gently curved embolus; at tip is a group of five short stiff
spines; white, strongly iridescent scales all along dorsal surface of
femur, patella, tibia, and tarsus, the latter also with much long yel-
lowish white hair.

Abdomen. Cylindriform, longer than wide in ratio of about 30 : 11,
a little the widest in middle but nearly as wide at base; anal tubercle a
short broad cone; spinnerets all short, anterior pair most robust,
posterior longer than anterior pair by terminal segment, middle pair
slenderest and hidden by others; position of colulus uncertain; tra-
cheal spiracle near base of spinnerets and not guarded by a tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Chelicerae dark reddish brown; maxillae much the
same with lighter tips. First leg generally dark reddish brown with
tarsus yellowish; many white iridescent scales, especially on dorsal
side of femur and dorsal and lateral sides of patella, a broad ring on
tibia about a quarter from its base, and also distal half of metatarsus;
also some bluish and purplish iridescence on parts not provided with
white scales; other legs yellowish with fourth metatarsus gray. Cara-
pace: dark reddish brown in general; interocular area highly irridescent;
white scales in a broad stripe from PLE to ALE and then across
head dorsal to AME; behind PLE is a broad transverse, somewhat
procurved band of the white scales from which a short median stripe
extends back nearly to posterior border; a narrow white marginal stripe

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 103

extends from a little in front of ALE to posterior border but the two
stripes from opposite sides do not meet across the posterior border.
Abdomen: grayish at base with many white iridescent scales; behind
this is a broad bright rust-red band and further back three grayish
bars with the white iridescent scales and two red bars alternating in a
very striking pattern; the grayish bar is bordered on both margins by
a narrow line of black hair; behind the last gray bar is a short median
broad gray spot with a small red dot on each side; the venter has a
broad central nearly black, stripe and is elsewhere yellowish white as
also are the lateral sides.

Type locality. The male allotype is from Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug.
1939. Paratype males from Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July,
1934; Aug., 1936; June, 1939.

Female. Since the holotype female was briefly described and its
epigynum figured by the authors of the species, I am only adding a few
notes as follows: color almost identical with that of male; promargin
of fang groove has two teeth of which the more medial is very small, the
retromargin usually has a row of six teeth of which the last two are
united into a bicuspid fissidentate tooth (Fig. 95) (paratypes may show
only five or seven retromarginal teeth); the first tibia seems to Jack the
prolateral spine; second leg like that of male except tibia ventral spines
lr—2-2; third and fourth legs like those of male except there are no
tibial and no metatarsal spines. Several females from Canal Zone
Biological Area, Porto Bello and El Valle, R. P., and Ft. Sherman,
CALs

Genus Scopocira Simon, 1900

ScOPOCIRA PANAMENA Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936
Figures 96-97

Female allotype. Total length 3.52 mm. Carapace 1.47 mm. long,
.96 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy the full width of carapace
at their level, .72 mm. tall and, therefore, .75 as tall as wide; ascent
from AME to PLE very gradual; descent from PLE at first very grad-
ual to steep posterior declivity which begins about one fourthof distance
from PLE to posterior border; unlike those of male, the lateral sides
nearly vertical; if any median thoracic groove is present it is extremely
small and just at beginning of steep declivity.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line

104 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one eighth of the
diameter of AME. Anterior row slightly wider than posterior row,
wider than middle row in ratio of 47 : 40. Quadrangle of laterals wider
than long in ratio of 47 : 33. Total eye space occupies forty sixty-
sevenths of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE :
PME : PLE = 16.5 :7 :2.3:7. AME nearly contiguous to one an-
other and to ALE. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio
of about 4:5. Height of clypeus equal to five sixteenths of the
‘diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a brush of white hairs
which extends beneath ALE, a few long white bristles, and three long
yellowish upturned bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Simple, vertical, parallel, with no indication of the
modifications so pronounced in male. Fang simple, slender, evenly
curved. Fan groove distinct; with four small promarginal teeth, all
well spaced; retromargin with four teeth crowded close together (Fig.
96).

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle ‘in ratio of about 3 :
2, very slightly notched in middle of outer border; somewhat dilated
in distal half, outer distal corner well rounded with no tubercle, scopula
well developed along truncature.

Inp. Wider than long in ratio of 10 : 7, basal excavations reach
about one third of length of organ, reaches about one third the length
of maxillae. Sternal suture procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform, only slightly convex, longer than wide in ratio
of 7:5, widest between second coxae, anterior border somewhat
wider than base of lip, anterior coxae wide apart, posterior end bluntly
rounded and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated
by three elevenths of their diameter. First and fourth coxae some-
what stouter than others.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 13, of fourth leg 12.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. .96 45 83 col 36 3.11
2. .70 34 45 Al o2 2.22
3. Scie 15) Ol 00 o2 2.45
4. 1.08 38 83 74 38 3.41

All legs slender; with a small amount of hair and no special tufts or
fringes.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 105

Spines. First leg: femur apparently only dorsal distal 1; patella 0;
tibia only ventral 2—2—-2-2 (not terminal); metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2 (first pair half as long as segment). Second leg: same as first
except tibia ventral only 2—2—2 (last not terminal) and neither tibial
nor metatarsal spines as robust and long as in first. Third leg: appar-
ently only femur dorsal distal 1 and metatarsus prolateral 0-1.
Fourth leg: as in third. Palpal spines: apparently only tarsal prolateral
1 near base, and retrolateral 2 near base.

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of about 5 : 3, widest
about three fifths from base, anal tubercle an inconspicuous cone; six
spinnerets short, closely crowded, inconspicuous; position of colulus
indicated by a transverse band of black hairs; tracheal spiracle near
base of spinnerets with a distinct lip but no tubercle. :

Epigynum. Posterior margin with a V-shaped notch; anterior to the
notch is a complicated series of curved lines and inner tubules (Fig. 97).

Color in alcohol. Adult males have little color pattern, but imma-
ture males often resemble the females quite closely. Carapace: gener-
ally reddish brown, with each PLE on a separate black spot, and PME
and PLE on a common black spot; interocular area yellowish; a cloudy
band between PLE; behind this a narrow lighter band; lateral sides
streaked with black. Legs: first pair yellowish white with lateral brown
or black stripes on all segments except coxae and tarsi; second and
third pair unicolorous yellowish white; fourth pair like first except pro-
lateral stripe on femora lacking. Palps yellowish white. Chelicerae
brownish in front, yellowish white elsewhere. Maxillae krownish along
outer margin, elsewhere yellowish white. Lip and sternum brownish.
Abdomen: dark brown or black with a narrow broken central yellow-
ish white stripe extending through basal two fifths, a pair of dorso-
lateral yellowish white stripes curved dorsally, then two pairs of
yellowish white dorsolateral bars and finally a circular yellowish white
spot just anterior to anal tubercle incompletely divided by a row of
three small dots; venter yellowish white with a broad central incom-
plete dark brown stripe from genital groove to spinnerets, the last
pair of dorsolateral white bars extends to the venter.

Type locality. Female allotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
Aug., 1939. Female paratypes and many males from the same locality;
June-July, 1934; June-Aug., 1936; June—-Aug., 1939; Balboa, C. Z.,
Aug., 1936; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Canal Zone Forest Re-
serve, C. Z., July-Aug., 1939; Madden Dam and Ft. Sherman, C. Z.,
Aug., 1939.

106 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Genus THIoDINA Simon, 1900

THIODINA SYLVANA (Hentz), 1845

Aittus sylvanus Hentz, 1845

A. retiarius Hentz, 1845

Plexippus retiarius Peckham, 1885
Dendryphantes retiarius Banks, 1898
Colonus puerperus F. Cambridge, 1901
Thiodina puerpera Simon, 1901

. sywana Peckham, 1909

. sylvana Petrunkevitch, 1911

. sylwana Petrunkevitch, 1925

. puerpera Banks, 1929

. sylvana Banks, 1929

. pseustes Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936

bel ss) te | es pel to]

This species has been known under many names of which I give
only those most important for this study. I have.a very large number
of specimens collected from nearly every locality I have visited in
Panama. I believe they all belong to one species which is very variable
in regard to color, size, and, to a lesser extent, other features as well.
This fact has led even modern workers to consider that two or more
species are mixed in the collections. Those who consider the teeth along
the retromargin of the fang groove as being so important will do well
to note that in this species the number of teeth may vary from only
one to at least five with three being the most common number. Canal
Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June-July, 1936; June—Sept.,
1939; January-February, 1940 (Zetek); El Valle, R. P., July, 1936;
Arraijan, R. P., Aug., 1936; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Frijoles,
C. Z., Aug., 1936; C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z., July—Aug., 1939; Ft.
Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939; France Field, C. Z., Aug., 1989; Madden
Dam, C. Z., Aug., 1939; Boquete, R. P.,; July, 1939; El Cermano,
R. P:, July, 1941 (Zetek).

TOLOELLA gen. nov.

Carapace moderately high and moderately broad; lateral sides gently
rounded, gently arched dorsally from AME to steep posterior declivity;
with a short median longitudinal thoracic groove about halfway from
PLE to steep posterior declivity. Eyes: anterior row moderately re-
curved; PME slightly closer to PLE than to ALE; PLE occupies nearly
entire width of carapace; anterior row slightly wider than posterior

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 107

row; quadrangle of laterals considerably wider than long; total eye
space occupies a little more than half the length of the carapace.
Clypeus moderately low. Chelicerae vertical, parallel, of moderate size;
retromargin of fang groove with three small teeth. Mazillae parallel,
without special modifications. Sternwm: quite convex, widest between
second coxae, but not much narrowed between first coxae. Legs:
4132; first pair not enlarged, without fringes. Abdomen ovoid; spin-
nerets of moderate size. Genotype: Toloella eximia sp. nov.

TOLOELLA EXIMIA spec. nov.
Figures 98-103

Male holotype. Total length 2.56 mm. Carapace 1.36 mm. long,
.99 mm. wide at PLE which occupy twenty-two twenty-thirds of width
of carapace at their position, .70 mm. tall and, therefore, about .70 as
tall as wide; ascent is gradual and moderate from AME to PLE, then
descent is very slight to the steep posterior declivity which begins a
little more than halfway from PLE to posterior border; lateral sides
nearly vertical from ALE to PLE and very little wider at level of PLE
than at level of ALE (Figs. 98-99); with a short but distinct median
longitudinal thoracic groove a short distance behind PLE.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that dorsal borders of ALE and
AME are on a level with one another. Anterior row slightly wider than
posterior row, wider than middle row in ratio of 46 : 41. Quadrangle
of laterals wider than long in ratio of 46 : 39. Total eye space occupies
seven twelfths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME: ALE :
PME : PLE = 16:9 :2:8.5. AME subcontiguous with one an-
other and with ALE. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio
of 3 : 4. Height of clypeus equal to one fourth the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated with a ventral fringe of weak brownish bristles, a
single long brown convergent bristle beneath outer border of AME, a
few scattered brown bristles irregularly placed, and three long up-
turned brownish bristles in lower angle between AME, upper one is
very long, lower two much shorter, also a few whitish hairs around
margins of AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, of moderate size, basal segment .38
mm. long, without conspicuous features. Fang of moderate size,
slightly sinuous. Fang groove distinct; promargin with four separate
teeth, three being small, the other large and bearing two cusps; retro-
margin with three teeth, the most medial of which is a fissidentate
tooth (Fig. 100).

108 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
16 : 9, only slightly concave along middle of outer border, outer distal
angle almost a right angle, outer distal corner without tubercle or hook.

Inp. Wider than long in ratio of 5 : 4, basal excavations reach only
slightly more than one fourth the length of the organ, reaches to about
the middle of the maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Sceutiform, quite convex, longer than wide in ratio of 26 :
21, widest between second coxae, first coxae separated by two thirds
the greatest width of sternum, anterior border as wide as base of lip:
posterior end a blunt point, not extended between fourth coxae which
are separated by two fifths of their diameter. Anterior coxae consid-
erably the largest.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 15, of fourth leg. 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

Ils .80 AT .63 .46 hs) 2.69
2. 67 .40 43 .40 .30 2.20
3. 70 38 43 AT R33) 2.31
4. 83 BY OT .60 36 2.73
Palp 47 21 13 = 58 L119

All legs with a moderate supply of simple hair but with no fringes or
special tufts.

Spines. First leg: femur and patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2,
last pair not terminal, first pair near base, promarginal series so far
lateral that they would be counted as such by some; metatarsus only
ventral 0-2-2; all tibial and metatarsal spines long and fairly robust.
Second leg: femur and patella 0; tibia only prolateral 0-O0-1-0, ventral
lr—2-2; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-0-1
and prolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral
0-0-1-0, ventral 0-lp—O-lr; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral
0-1, ventral 0-1. Fourth leg: femur only dorsal 0-1—O-1 and retro-
lateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia and metatarsus as in third. Palpal
spines apparently 0.

Palp. Complicated; femur straight; patella and tibia both short
with latter about two thirds as long as former; tibial retrolateral
apophysis a stout distal spur, very broad at base, tapered to a point
which is hooked; bulb with embolus coiled two and one half times
around its periphery and with its very slender filamentary distal end
extended over to dorsal surface of cymbium where it describes a long
loop back to tip of tarsus (Figs. 101-102).

Fig. 96.
Fig. 97.
Figs. 98-99.

Fig. 100.
Figs. 101-102.
Fig. 103.
Fig. 104.
Fig. 105.
Fig. 106.
Figs. 107-108.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 109

iN

—=>

Al

External Anatomy of Spiders

Scopocira panamena, female cheliceral teeth.

S. panamena, epigynum, ventral view.

Toloella eximia Chickering; entire body, dorsal view and cara-
pace, lateral view. >

T. eximia Chickering; male cheliceral teeth.

T. eximia Chickering; male palp, ventral and retrolateral view.
T. eximia Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Chapoda panamana Chickering; male chelicera, front view.

C. panamana Chickering; male cheliceral teeth.

C. panamana Chickering; tarsus of palp, ventral view.

C. panamana Chickering; male palp, lateral view and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

110 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Abdomen. 1.21 mm. long, exclusive of anal tubercle almost a per-
fect oval in outline; longer than wide in ratio of 19 : 13; anal tubercle
a short broad cone; six spinnerets rather slender, of moderate length,
anterior pair stoutest and approximated at bases, posterior pair slen-
derer and somewhat longer than anterior pair, well spread so as to
reveal middle pair clearly from a dorsal view; position of colulus not
indicated; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, without tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally brownish; eyes on black spots;
interocular area dark brown; steep declivity and lateral sides with
many dark brown streaks; ventral margin very dark brown; a few
slender whitish hairs around eyes; behind PLE is a broad light brown
bar extending laterally beneath PLE. Palps: tarsus yellowish; femur
dark brown; other segments intermediate between these extremes.
Chelicerae reddish brown. Lip amber; maxillae light amber. Sternum
amber, dusted with brown flecks. Legs: first with brownish femur and
patella, both lighter above; tibia yellowish white in basal two fifths,
elsewhere brownish; metatarsus yellowish white in basal three fifths,
elsewhere brown, tarsus yellowish white; other legs essentially the
same with minor variations. Abdomen: ground color yellowish white
with grayish brown markings which are difficult to describe adequately ;
near base dorsally there is one of these marks shaped more or less like
a capital M, this connects posteriorly with a narrow medial bar across
the middle, and the posterior quarter is covered by another much
broader bar; lateral sides covered by short irregular and incomplete
grayish brown and yellowish white narrow stripes; venter yellowish
white except for a few faint small brownish spots and a narrow bar at
level of tracheal spiracle.

Female allotype. Total length 3.20 mm. Carapace 1.50 mm. long,
1.09 mm. wide at PLE, .83 mm. tall and, therefore, .76 as tall as
wide. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a line tangent to dorsal
borders of ALE cuts off about one fifteenth of the diameter of AME.
Anterior row wider than posterior in ratio of 49 : 47, wider than middle
row in ratio of 49 :43. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in
ratio of 49 : 32. Total eye space occupies thirty-seven sixty-sevenths
of the length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE =
17:9 :2.5 :9. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of
5:6. Height of clypeus equal to two seventeenths of the diameter of
AME. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Chelicerae. Promargin of fang groove with five teeth, of which the
two most medial are very small; retromargin appears to have three

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 111

like the male with the most medial a fissidentate tooth, but in one
paratype female there are either four with the most medial a fissi-
dentate tooth or, perhaps, five separate teeth with the two most
medial merely crowded close together; in another paratype there are
definitely six on the retromargin. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male except for
minor details.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters) _
il, 80 47 53 .40 33 PADS
Me 70 40 .46 OF 28 DOM
3. Ue .40 41 50 30 2.34
4. 87 .40 .60 66 BU 2.90

No fringes or special tufts on legs. A moderately well developed pro-
lateral fringe of light colored hair on palpal tarsi.

Spines. First and second legs as in male. Third leg: femur and
patella as in male; tibia as in male except ventral 0-1 (middle)—1p-0;
metatarsus prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2-2, retrolateral 1-1. Fourth
leg: femur apparently only dorsal 0-1-0-1; patella 0; tibia as in third
except ventral 0-1p—O-lr; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, ventral 0-1p-lr,
retrolateral 0-1. Palpal spines: apparently only retrolateral tarsal
0-1-0, and tibial retrolateral 0-1-0.

Abdomen. 1.66 mm. long, longer than wide in ratio of 13:8.
Otherwise essentially as in male.

Epigynum. A simple, somewhat swollen plate; without posterior
marginal notch; somewhat in front of middle is a small white area
bounded by curved lines (Fig. 103).

Color in alcohol. Almost identical to that of male; abdominal pat-
tern still more obscure and difficult to describe adequately.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype from Canal Zone
Biological Area, July, 1984. No male paratypes, but four female
paratypes taken with Berlese funnel by Dr. Zetek in same locality,
July, 1943—March, 1944; also one female taken in the same way and
in same locality, April-May, 1942.

Phiale Group

Key to the genera in the Phiale Group

Every key thus far prepared has been found defective at one or
more places. It is obviously very difficult to prepare a good key for

112 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

the separation of these genera, but the one given here may aid to
some extent.

I.

Nm bw Re

(se)

Retromargin of fang groove with a single, simple, more or less robust
Oot! eee A A Us ARC 6 bed SR ere 2

. Retromargin of fang groove with a single distinctly fissidentate tooth... .9
. First tibiae with four pairs of ventral spines ........... Monaga, (p. 196)
. First tibiae with three Dae of ventral spines, sometimes a single spine

. Male palpal tibia and patella short, broad, and with other outgrowths in

addition to distal retrolateral apophysis; posterior row of eyes occupy
nearly complete width of carapace at dorsal margin; carapace full three
fourths as tall as wide; PME closer to PLE than to ALE; total eye space
occupies slightly more than half the length of carapace; height of clypeus
equal to about half the diameter of AME........ Compsodecta, (p. 122)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 4
. Female generally yellowish white with two dark brown dorsal stripes ex-

tending full length of body, also with a prominent brush of erect mixed
yellowish and black hairs at base of abdomen contiguous to another
similar brush at beginning of steep declivity on carapace; males with
similar color pattern but modified and with reduced brushes; both sexes
with a pair of lateral spines, among others, on first tibiae definitely
offset toward ventral side; males with well developed black fringes on
frst and secondilegs aiiemine separ aante fea ce renee Chira, (p. 117)

. Not with combination of characters given above.....................-. 5
. Rather large spiders, 8-10 mm. long; total eye space occupies considerably

less than half the length of the carapace; PME about midway between
ALE and PLE; males with two broad dark brown, dorsolateral stripes
extending full length of body together with a narrow central light colored
stripe and two lateral white stripes all extending full length of body;
females with a similar but obscure pattern; anterior tibiae with only
one lateral spine (prolateral) ..................... Plexippus, (p. 240)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 6
. Total eye space occupies less than half the length of carapace; PME closer

to ALE than to PLE; lateral sides of ‘carapace considerably wider at
ventral margin than at dorsal margin, also with lateral sides nearly
parallel; anterior coxae about as far apart as width of lip at base......

Phiale, (p. 199)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 7
. Size very variable in the different species, but often 8-9 mm. long; usually

with very hairy legs and definite fringes; total eye space occupies about
half or more than half the length of carapace; PME closer to PLE than
to ALE; lateral sides of carapace more nearly vertical as well as nearly
parallel; anterior coxae further apart than width of base of lip........

Corythalia, (p. 125)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 8

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 113

8. Size very variable in the different species, but often 9-10 mm. long; usually
with moderately hairy legs; total eye space occupies about half the length
of carapace; PME either halfway between ALE and PLE or closer to
ALE; lateral sides of carapace well rounded and not vertical, considerably
wider at ventral margin than at dorsal margin; anterior coxae about as
far apart as width of lip at base...................... Freya, (p. 163)

8. Size always small, about 4 mm. long; legs only moderately hairy and with-
out fringes; total eye space occupies more than half the length of cara-
pace; PME a little closer to PLE than to ALE; lateral sides of cara-
pace more nearly vertical and nearly parallel; anterior coxae further part
than)width of baselof lip. .5..-.-.0-.554.-.4-25e54 2 Sidusa, (p. 241)

9. Anterior tibiae with four pairs of ventral spines; posterior declivity of

. carapace about half-way from PLE to posterior border; PME consider-
ably closer to PLE than to ALE.................. Gorgasella, (p. 192)

9. Anterior tibiae with three pairs of ventral spines; steep declivity of carapace
begins almost immediately behind PLE; PME slightly closer to PLE than
EO AU IR eres ener ceca a acme ea cues Meus Tun 3 eA Chapoda, (p. 113)

Genus CHapopa Peckham, 1896

The males of four different species of Chapoda are now known from
Panama. They may be separated by the key which appears below.
There are at least two species of females in my collection but no key
has so far been found satisfactory for their separation.

Key to the males of Chapoda from Panama

1. Carapace with no tufts of erect hair medial to PME; palp: femur with a
small ventral distal tubercle along promargin; patella nearly twice as
long as broad; tibia incrassate lots not ridged, broadest near middle. .

C. peckhami, (p. 114)

1. Carapace with a tuft of short erect hairs on each side medial to PME; palp

without combination of characters given above....................-- 2
. Palp: femur with a large ventral tubercle just distal of middle; patella
about four thirds as long as broad; tibia about as broad as long, broadest
near distal end, strongly ridged ventrally........... C. festiva, (p. 114)

2. Not with combination of palpal characters given above................ 3

3. Palp: femur with a large ventral tubercle just distal to middle, definitely
divided distally into two terminal tubercles; patella about three halves as
long as wide, with a blunt ventral tubercle just distal to middle; tibia
about as broad as long, broadest near proximal end, flattened laterally

but not ridged ventrally...................... C. panamana, (p. 114)

3. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s description) Palp: femur without a ventral
tubercle; patella about twice as long as broad, without any ventral
tubercle; tibia a little longer than broad, broadest near distal end, not
iattened laterally neprmrrp end st ne ie er ils. cones C. inermis, (p. 114)

Li)

114 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

CHAPODA FESTIVA Peckham, 1896

Sidusa festiva F. Cambridge, 1901
C. festiva Simon, 1903
C. festiva Petrunkevitch, 1911

One male and two females from El] Valle, R. P., July, 1936. Also
several females from Canal Zone Biological Area about which there is
considerable doubt. They are temporarily filed with this species. In
addition to the distinctive features mentioned by the Peckhams and
F. Cambridge, the trochanters of the male palps have a median blunt
ventral tubercle of some prominence. In some species of the genus this
tubercle becomes a prominent cone with bristles at its apex.

CHAPODA INERMIS (F. Cambridge), 1901

Sidusa inermis F. Cambridge, 1901
C. inermis Simon, 1903

C. inermis Petrunkevitch, 1911

C. inermis Petrunkevitch, 1925

This species was reported from Panama by Profressor Petrunkevitch
(25), and the female was carefully described by him. The species has
not appeared in my collection.

CHAPODA PECKHAMI Banks, 1929

The males of this species have been taken in considerable numbers
in the Canal Zone Biological Area: June—July, 1934; July—Aug., 1936;
June—Aug., 1939; also at El Valle, R. P., July, 1936, and Canal Zone
Forest Reserve, Aug., 1939. No temales have yet appeared in the
collection.

CHAPODA PANAMANA spec. ‘Nov.
(Figures 104-108)

Male holotype. Total length 4.95 mm. Carapace 2.36 mm. long,
1.92 mm. wide opposite second coxae; much narrower on top than at
ventral margin in true Chapoda form, ventral margin well.rounded;
third row of eyes extend a little beyond dorsal margin but occupy about
five eighths of total width of carapace; whole interocular region with
deposits of white guanin beneath the chitin; a considerable depression
between PLE and behind them for some distance; begins to fall
immediately behind PLE; with a short median longitudinal thoracic
groove just a little behind posterior border of PLE; 1.28 mm. tall and,
therefore, about two thirds as tall as wide. Two short tufts of brown-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 115

ish hair, easily removed in handling, just medial to space between ALE
and PME.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row of eyes very strongly re-
curved with dorsal margins of AME on a level with middle of ALE.
Anterior row longer than posterior row in ratio of about 11 : 10;
middle row shorter than posterior row in ratio of 57 : 62. Quadrangle
of laterals wider in front than long in ratio of 67 : 46. Total eye space
occupies just a little less than half the length of the carapace. Ratio
of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 21 :13:3:12. AME separ-
rated from one another by one twenty-first of their diameter, from ALE
by two twenty-firsts of their diameter. Middle eyes slightly closer to
PLE than to ALE. Height of clypeus equal to one third of the di-
ameter of AME. Clypeus with a scant fringe of white hairs along
ventral margin, and three stiff bristles in ventral angle between AME
arranged in a triangle.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical, not much produced, media] edges
straight and rather closely apposed, outer margin sinuous with a
distinct broadening near base (Fig. 104), distinctly flattened over
front surface and finely rugulose. Fang of moderate size, evenly
curved. Fang groove with two teeth of moderate size on promargin
near medial end; a single distinctly fissidentate tooth on retromargin
(Fig. 105).

Mazxillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2 : 1, moderately concave along outer border and moderately dilated
distally, outer distal corner well rounded, well developed scopula along
truncature.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of about 4 : 3, widest at base,
nearly as wide three fifths from base, much narrowed from there to
distal border which is narrow with few bristles. Sternal suture gently
procurved.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, narrowly margined, longer than wide
in ratio of 20 : 17, widest between second coxae, posterior end very
blunt and not extended between fourth coxae which aré separated by
only one sixth of their diameter.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 12.

Femora. Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.60 — .86 1.15 1.08 AT 5.16
By. 1.50 17 1.02 1.02 45 4.76
3: 1.58 70 1.15 1.41 58 5.42
4. 1.64 71 1.28 1.44 57 5.64
Palp 78 52 30 — 52 2.17

116 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

All coxae of about equal length and size. With moderate supply of
hair but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral
0-0-0-2, ventral 0; patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia
dorsal 0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 2—2 (not well paired)
—2; metatarsus dorsal 0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1. Second leg: as
in first. Third leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia dorsal right
1-0-0, left 0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-2; meta-
tarsus dorsal 0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-2-2. Fourth
leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, elsewhere as in
third; metatarsus dorsal 0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral
0-Ip-2 (right and left sides differ somewhat). Palpal spines: only
femur dorsal 0-1=1-0; tubercle of trochanter ends in a stiff black
spine.

Palp. All segments except coxa at least somewhat modified (Figs.
107-108). Trochanter with a long ventral tubercle ending in a slender
spine; femur with a small dorsal cap of white hairs, two dorsal spines,
and a bifurcate ventral extension; patella narrow at base but much
widened in distal half; tibia as wide near base as long, with a stout
retrolateral distal spur; tarsus closely resembles that of other species
in the genus.

Abdomen. Generally ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of about 8 : 5,
widest about three eighths from base; posterior end quite sharply
pointed; anal tubercle a broad somewhat flattened cone; whole dorsal
area with many small white deposits beneath chitin excepting the
cardiac region which is entirely free of them; spinnerets rather slender,
anterior pair somewhat the most robust, middle pair somewhat the
slenderest, middle and posterior pair nearly in a straight line so that
middle pair is not surrounded by others. Position of colulus indicated
as a small chitinized plate and a small tuft of black bristles. Tracheal
spiracle apparently near to base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. Chelicerae and palps a deep amber except for the
white cap on the palpal femur. Lip and maxillae reddish brown with
yellowish tips. Legs: first and second tibiae and metatarsi reddish
brown, all other pedal segments yellowish. Sternum yellowish. Cara-
pace: entire interocular space white from presence of chalky deposits
beneath chitin; elsewhere reddish brown with posterior slope somewhat
lighter and lateral sides darker because of a fairly copious supply of
dark hair; a few white hairs along ventral margin and irregularly scat-
tered elsewhere (probably much worn by handling). Abdomen: whitish.
dorsally from subchitinous white deposits; dorsolaterally and laterally

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 117

somewhat streaked and spotted with grayish; venter yellowish and
with a broad dusky stripe which rounds off posteriorly and does not
reach base of spinnerets.

Type locality. Holotype male from Canal Zone Biological Area, Aug.,
1939. Three male paratypes from the following localities; Canal Zone
Biological Area, June, 1939; Ft. Davis, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Ft. Sherman,
C. Z., Aug., 1939.

Genus CurirA Peckham, 1896

CHIRA DESIGNATA Peckham, 1896
Figures 109-115

Shira designata Peckham, 1896
S. designata F. Cambridge, 1901
C. designata Simon, 1903

C. designata Petrunkevitch, 1911
C. designata Petrunkevitch, 1925

This species was described from a female sent from Panama to the
Peckhams by Count Keyserling. The Peckhams gave only a brief
description and one figure of the face and chelicerae. F. Cambridge
did not have the species in his collection, but he considered it to be a
member of his Phidippeae. Simon placed it in his system in the Vici-
rieae, division of the Unidentati. I believe I have both sexes in my
collection from localities in the lowlands, none from the mountainous
regions of Panama. The male is a strikingly beautiful creature and it
seems a little strange that it has not shown up in collections from
Panama before this. I thought it likely that it had been assigned to
some other genus if it had been found, but I have been unable to locate
it anywhere. A detailed description of what I consider the male allo-
type and female hypotype is herewith given.

Male allotype. Total length 6.14 mm. Carapace 2.61 mm. long,
1.98 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy about thir-
teen eighteenths of the width of the carapace at their level, well
rounded along lateral sides, with the top of the carapace much nar-
rower than ventral margin, ascent gentle from AME to PLE, then
descent is gentle for slightly more than half the way to posterior border
where the steep declivity begins (Fig. 109). Short median longitudinal
thoracic groove lies between posterior borders of PLE.

Eyes. Seen from above, anterior row quite strongly recurved with

dorsal borders of ALE level with that of AME. Anterior row slightly

118 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

wider than posterior in ratio of 65 : 62. Middle row shorter than
posterior row in ratio of 59 : 62. Quandrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of about 7 : 5. Total eye space occupies just slightly more
than half the length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :
PLE = 24:11: 2.5:11. AME separated from one another by one
twelfth of their diameter, from ALE by about two twelfths of their
diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 11 : 18.
Height of clypeus equal to nine twenty-fourths of diameter of AME. A
few long white bristles from clypeus overhang base of chelicerae and
converge toward middle.

Chelicerae. Vertical, essentially parallel in basal two thirds, some-
what divergent in distal third, robust but not produced, basal segment
somewhat excavated along dorsal margin of retrolateral surface, some-
what gibbous in front, no boss visible. Fang of moderate size, some-
what sinuous. Fang groove mildly excavated; with a fairly robust
bidentate tooth on promargin near medial end; with a single fairly’
robust tooth on retromargin (Fig. 110).

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in the middle in ratio of
about 2 : 1, very concave along outer border, dilated distally, drawn
out into a distinct hook at outer distal angle (Fig. 111); with well
developed scopula along truncature and medial edge of nearly whole
segment.

Iip. Almost exactly as wide at base as long, gradually narrowed
from base, only a few stiff bristles at tip. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Generally scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of about
4:3, not narrowed much anywhere, widest opposite second coxae,
very blunt at posterior end and not extended between fourth coxae
which are separated by only three twentieths of their diameter.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 15, of fourth leg 12.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
ile 1.73 .90 1.41 98 se 5.74
2 1.73 83 1.30 1.02 BEL 5.65
oe 1.92 .83 1.34 1.54 cle 6.40
4. 1.92 5 1.54 1.75 lik 6.73
Palp. 86 33 28 = ‘71 2.18

First coxae somewhat the most robust, fourth coxae somewhat the
longest. First leg somewhat the most robust. First two pairs of
patellae and tibiae with moderately developed black fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral and retro-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 119

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 109. Chira designata Pk., carapace, lateral view.
Fig. 110. C. designata Pk., male cheliceral teeth.
Fig. 111. C. designata Pk., male maxilla.

Figs. 112-113. C. designata Pk., male palp, ventral view; palpal tibia and
tarsus, retrolateral view.

Fig. 114. C. designata Pk., female cheliceral teeth.

Fig. 115. C. designata Pk., epigynum, ventral view.

120 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

lateral 0-O-O0-0-2, ventral 0; patella only prolateral and retrolateral
0-1-0; tibia dorsal 0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 2-2-2
(the last laterals are so far offset ventrally as to simulate ventrals);
metatarsus dorsal 0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1, ventral 2(very
long)—2. Second leg: as in first. Third leg: femur as in first except
prolateral 0-O-0-1-2; patella as in first; tibia dorsal 1-O-Ir, prolateral
and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 0-lp-2; metatarsus dorsal 0, pro-
lateral 1-0—-0-2, retrolateral 1-1-0-1, ventral 2-2. Fourth. leg: femur
and patella as in first; tibia dorsal 0-0-2 (could be regarded as lateral),
prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 0-1p—O0-2; metatarsus dorsal
0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-2. Palpal spines: only
femur dorsal 2 at tip.

Palp. Both patella and tibia short, the former a little longer than
the latter. Tibial retrolateral apophysis a rather small simple spur.
Bulb very strongly swollen, with embolus originating at prolateral
basal corner and passing along prolateral margin and forward and
across to the canal of the cymbium (Figs. 112-113).

Abdomen. Slender, relatively broad at base, longer than wide in
ratio of 27 : 10, widest about one fourth from base, then tapered to
nearly a point. Base with a tuft of mixed white and dark hair which
projects toward carapace but does not make a marked cushion or brush
as in female. Anal tubercle a broad flattened cone. Anterior spinnerets
fairly robust; posterior pair rather slender and one third longer than
anterior pair; middle pair slenderest but as long as anterior pair, sur-
rounded (hidden) by others. Position of colulus shown by a black
spot and a few bristles. Position of tracheal spiracle near base of
spinnerets marked by a small, more heavily chitinized lip.

Color in alcohol. Legs: first coxae nearly black, second dark ven-
trally and prolaterally, third only dark ventrally, and fourth only
tipped with dark ventrally; elsewhere all coxae yellowish; third and
fourth legs distal to coxae entirely yellowish; first and second legs with
distal tips of femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi very dark brown
with some whitish hairs and a good deal of greenish iridescence; first
and second tarsi and most of first and second femora yellowish. Cheli-
cerae dark reddish brown except the fang and distal parts of basal seg-
ment which are amber. Carapace: with a broad dark brown marginal
stripe which passes forward and across the clypeus; in middle of pos-
terior border the dark marginal stripe reaches up over the posterior
declivity to join the dark interocular area behind which is a small
white spot (easily removed by rubbing) in the region of the thoracic
groove; remainder of lateral sides white. Abdomen: a median yellow-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA WAL

ish white stripe and two dark gray stripes (probably black in life)
cover dorsal region; also with a white dorsolateral stripe on each side,
thus making five stripes visible when animal is viewed dorsally; nearly
entire venter is dark gray including spinnerets.

Female hypotype. Total length 6.65 mm. Carapace 2.56 mm. long,
1.79 mm. wide just a little behind third row of eyes which occupy
about three fourths of width of carapace at their level, lateral ventral
margin less rounded than in male; whole carapace quite hairy with a
pronounced -rush of erect yellowish white and black hair along pos-
terior declivity. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Essentially as in male. Clypeus covered with a heavy coat-
ing of long white hair.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, of moderate size, not modified as in
male; fang of moderate size, evenly curved. Fang groove distinct,
with two clearly defined teeth along promargin (very close together)
and a single simple tooth of moderate size along retromargin as in
male (Fig. 114).

. Mazillae. Essentially as in male except that the outer border is
only slightly concave and the outer distal corner is not modified into
a book as in male.

Inp and Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs.. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 18, of fourth leg 12.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
I. 1.38 .76 1.02 15 .62 4.53
Pe 1.30 76 94 10 .62 4.32
3. 1.60 70 1.02 1.26 .70 5.38
4. 1.73 74 1.41 1.50 70 6.08

No fringes on legs. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Spines. First leg: femur as in male except retrolateral 0-O0-0-0-1;
patella as in male except retrolateral 0; tibia as in male except pro-
lateral 1-1-0 and retrolateral 0; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second
leg: femur and patella as in male; tibia dorsal 0, prolateral 1-1-0,
retrolateral 1-0-1, ventral 2—2-1p-2; metatarsus only prolateral 1-1,
ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-O—-1-1-1, prolateral 2 near distal
end and retrolateral only 1 near distal end; patella as in male; tibia
dorsal 0, prolateral 0-1-1-0, retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-2; meta-
tarsus dorsal 0, prolateral 1-0-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-2.
Fourth leg: femur as in third except prolateral 1 near distal end and
retrolateral the same; patella as in male; tibia only prolateral and retro-

12 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

lateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O0-2; metatarsus only prolateral and retro-
lateral 1-1-1, ventral 2-2. Palp with tarsus and tibia thickly covered
with white hair.

Abdomen. With a strongly developed brush of mixed white and
dark hairs at base (much more strongly developed than in male).
Basal abdominal brush and thoracic brush fill in space between the
two main parts of body in a very characteristic way. Otherwise essen-
tially as in male.

Epigynum. With two deep, large depressions separated by a well
developed septum; a shallow posterior marginal notch which extends
into a slender tube (Fig. 115).

Color in alcohol. All appendages and sternum yellowish white.
Carapace entirely yellowish white on lateral sides and clypeus, with a nar-
row median yellowish white stripe extending from posterior borderup the
steep declivity and forward into the interocular region where it merges
with the color of that area; two dorsolateral dark brown stripes start-
ing at ALE extend back nearly to posterior border. Abdomen: with a
median yellowish white stripe from base nearly to spinnerets; two dark
brown dorsal stripes extend from base to posterior end where they
unite; elsewhere yellowish white except a few small dark spots in
region of tracheal spiracle.

Type locality. Male allotype and female hypotype from Canal Zone
Biological Area, June, 1939. Male paratypes and females from the
following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June—July, 1934;
June and Aug., 1936; June-Aug., 1939; Arraijan and Porto Bello,
R. P., Aug., 1936; Ft. Randolph, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Ft. Sherman,
Madden Dam, and Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

Genus CoMPsoDEcTA Simon, 1903
COMPSODECTA MONTANA spec. Nov.
Figures 116-118

Compsodecta grisea (Pk.), the genotype, was described from Jamaica
along with C. albopalpis (Pk.) as a species of Cybele. F. Cambridge
(01) described Sidusa maxillosa and stated his inclination to regard it
as a new genus because of differences from others which he left in
Sidusa. He noted the general resemblance of S. maxillosa to Chapoda
festiva Pk. in respect to palpus and epigynum. The species under con-
sideration here has palpal characters which strongly suggest Chapoda,
but other features suggest that it is more closely related to C. mazillosa

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 123

(F. Cambridge). Altogether, I deem it safer to leave the species in the
genus Compsodecta but I am not at all certain of its correct position.

Male holotype. ‘Total length 4.74 mm. Carapace 2.18 mm. long,
1.60 mm. wide at level of posterior row of eyes which occupy fourteen
fifteenths of width of carapace at that level; gently arched from AME
to beginning of posterior declivity which starts about four fifths of
length of carapace with highest point just in front of anterior border of
PLE, 1.28 mm. tall and, therefore, slightly more than three fourths as
tall as wide. No special modifications of this part of body. Longitud-
inal median thoracic groove short, between posterior borders of PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME and ALE are almost exactly on a level. Anterior row
only slightly wider than posterior row. Middle row shorter than poste-
rior row in ratio of 13 : 14. Total eye space occupies just slightly more
than one half the length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE :
PME : PLE = 20 : 12 : 2.5: 11. AME separated from one another
by one tenth of their diameter, from ALE by one fifth of their diameter.
Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of 11 : 13. Height of
clypeus equal to nine twentieths of diameter of AME. Clypeus deco-
rated with a few whitish hairs and bristles along ventral margin and
three upturned bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Fairly robust, not produced, parallel, finely rugulose on
prolateral surface; fang moderately slender and evenly curved. Fang
groove with two promarginal teeth near inner end, one very small;
with a single simple retromarginal tooth.

Mazillae. Slightly convergent; longer than wide at indenture in
ratio of 30 : 13; deeply indented along outer margin about one third
from tip; palp inserted over more than basal half; without a sharp
tooth as in C. maxillosa (F. Cambridge); distal end moderately dilated
with outer distal corner angular; with well developed scopula along
truncature.

Lip. Longer than wide at base in ratio of 20 : 17, basal excavations
reach about half length of organ; reaches nearly two thirds the length
of maxillae; widest at base, narrowed to tip. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Generally scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of about
4:3, widest between second coxae, as wide anteriorly as base of lip;
terminates posteriorly in a blunt end which does not extend between
fourth coxae which are separated by one sixth of their diameter.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 15.

124 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

ik. 1.28 3 .96 83 .50 4.34
2. 1.15 10 7 .70 Al 3.73
3. 1.28 .70 aL 1.00 49 4.24
4. 1.34 .62 83 1.03 48 4.30
Palp 15 06 34 — 43 2.08

First pair of legs considerably the most robust.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O0-1-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral 0-O0-0-0-2, ventral 0; patella only prolateral and retrolateral
0-1-0; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral 0-1-1-0, retrolateral 1-1-0, ven-
tral 2-2(staggered)—2; metatarsus dorsal 0; prolateral and retrolateral
1-1, ventral 1r—-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia as in
first except prolateral 1-1-1 and ventral 1r—2-2; metatarsus as in first
except ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia
dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-2; meta-
tarsus dorsal 0, prolateral and retrolateral 1—2, ventral 2—2. Fourth
leg: femur and patella as in first except a dorsal distal long stiff bristle
on patella; tibia as in third except ventral 0-1p—2; metatarsus dorsal
0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 0-1p—2. Palpal spines:
apparently only femur dorsal 0-0-1-0.

Palp. Trochanter with a strongly chitinized dorsal tubercle; femur
moderately curved, with a few white hairs on distal half of dorsal side,
and what appears to be a reduced ridge or tubercle at distal end;
patella somewhat flattened dorsoventrally and almost as wide as long,
longer than tibia in ratio of about 28 : 17, a low robust prolateral
tubercle; tibia short and broad, with a conspicuous prolateral process
near the middle and a retrolateral terminal apophysis which is very
broad basally but pointed distally; tarsus is short, broad, very simple,
with an embolus like a short spine curved forward from an oval base
(Figs. 116-118).

Abdomen. Ovoid, broad at base, longer than wide in ratio of 5 : 3;
anal tubercle a fairly prominent flattened cone; spinnerets all slender,
anterior and posterior pairs about equally robust with middle pair the
slenderest and exposed dorsally because posterior pair is wide apart.
No colulus visible. Tracheal spiracle apparently near base of spin-
nerets but hidden.

Color in alcohol. Palps and chelicerae a reddish brown amber with
lip and maxillae somewhat lighter with yellowish tips. First pair of
legs generally reddish brown with femora nearly black except ventrally
and dorsally at distal end, with yellowish tarsi. Second pair of legs

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 125

much the same as first pair except femora are yellowish dorsally at
both proximal and distal ends. Third and fourth pairs of legs: proximal
halves of femora yellowish, distal halves brown; other segments yel-
lowish and more or less ringed with reddish brown. Carapace: eyes on
black spots with more or less reddish‘hair around AME and ALE; an
elongated white spot from median thoracic groove nearly to posterior
border; opposite posterior eyes an irregular broad white marginal
stripe extends back to outer posterior corner (loose hairs of which it is
composed easily rubbed off); a fairly dense covering of brown hair over
lateral sides and posterior declivity (probably in life also on interocular
area). Sternum yellowish. Abdomen: yellowish on dorsum with many
faint dots, irregular spots, and central chevrons; venter with a darker
central broad stripe narrowed at genital groove and interrupted at
base of spinnerets.

Type locality. Male holotype from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939. No
paratypes.

Genus CoryTHALIA C. Koch, 1850

With the publication of Professor Petrunkevitch’s work on Pana-
manian spiders (’25) ten species of the genus Corythalia became
known: C. albicincta (F. Cambridge), C. bicincta Petrunkevitch, C.
nigriventer (F. Cambridge), C. panamana Petrunkeviteh, C. pulchra
Petrunkevitch, C. quadriguttata (F. Cambridge), C. spiralis (F.
Cambridge), C. spirobis (F. Cambridge), C. sulphurea (F. Cambridge),
C. voluta (F. Cambridge). Chamberlin (’25) described a male Saztis
canalis from the Canal Zone Biologica] Area. Mr. Banks (29) trans-
ferred this species to the genus Corythalia. Mr. Banks also described
C. obsoleta and identified the following from the Canal Zone region:
C. bicincta Petrunkevitch, C. conspecta (Peckham), C. murcida (F.
Cambridge), C. panamana Petrunkevitch, and C. spiralis (F. Cam-
bridge). I am obliged to consider the specimens identified as C. mur-
cida (F. Cambridge) as the females of C. spiralis (F. Cambridge), thus
leaving the species unrecorded from Panama. R. V. Chamberlin and
Wilton Ivie (’36) described seven new species from the Canal Zone
which are here considered to belong to the genus Corythalia: C. con-
formans, C. clara, C. diffusa, C. sitticus, Sidusa tulineba, Freya ser-
rapophysis, and C. endigma. I believe C. conformans C. and I. is a
synonym of C. sulphurea (F. Cambridge). C. diffusa C. and I. appears
to be the same as C. conspecta (Pk.) and C. sitticus is probably the
same as C. bicincta Petrunkevitch. Sidusa tulineba seems to be the

126 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

male of C. bicincta Petrunkevitch. Freya serrapophysis is probably
nearer to Corythalia than to Freya and, therefore, it has been trans-
ferred to that genus. C. endigma is listed by its joint authors on page ~
five of their paper (’36) and a figure of the epigynum is given on page
seventy-nine but I can find no description in the text. I believe, how-
ever, that it is a synonym of C. obsoleta Banks. C. opima (Pk.) and
C. parvula (Pk.) are reported here for the first time from Panama. [
have also described two new species under the names: C. bryantae
sp. nov. and C. modesta sp. nov.

As the genus is treated in this paper, therefore, we now know of
nineteen species of Corythalia from Panama which may be listed as
follows: C. albincincta (F. Cambridge), C. bicincta Petrunkevitch, C.
bryantae sp. nov., C. canalis (Chamberlin), C clara Chamberlin and
Ivie, C. conspecta (Peckham), C. modesta sp. nov., C. nigriventer (F.
Cambridge), C. obsoleta Banks, C. opima (Peckham), C. panamana
Petrunkevitch, C. parvula (Peckham), C. pulchra Petrunkevitch, C.
quadriguttata (F. Cambridge), C. serrapophysis (Chamberlin and
Ivie), C. spiralis (F. Cambridge), C. spirorbis (F. Cambridge), C. sul-
phurea (F. Cambridge), and C. voluta (F. Cambridge). Among these
C. spirorbis and C. bryantae are known only from males, while C.
clara, C. modesta, C. quadriguttata and C. voluta are known only
from females. I have in my collection representatives of all of the
known species except the following: C. albicincta, C. nigriventer, C.
panamana, C. quadriguttata, and C. spirorbis.

Key to the species of Corythalia from Panama

Males
1. Chelicerae excavate along medial margin in front. .C. nigriventer, (p. 148)
1. Chelicerae not excavate along medial margin in front................ 2
2. With no definite fringes on any pair of legs....................2005- 4
2. With definite fringes on at least one pair of legs...................--. 3
3. With definite fringes only on first pair of legs; palp: tibial retrolateral
apophysis long, sinuous, and somewhat clavate distally, the embolus
withvaidoublerspiraliats ioe once ey eee eee ieee C. spirorbis, (p. 162)
3. With definite fringes on more than first pair of legs; palpal features other
than |those.given\aboves ic. 21. ccc. dns e ee + oes eee ae oe ee eee 5

4. Carapace with a pair of short broad marginal posterolateral white or
yellowish stripes; abdomen with narrow light and broad dark dorsal
bands; embolus curled nearly into a complete ring; tibial retrolateral
apophysis a long slender terminally blunt filament. . C. sulphurea, (p. 162)

aD

10.
11.

11.

12.

12:
13.

- CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA LAL

. Carapace without definite marginal posterolateral stripes; abdomen with

no dorsal bands, but with stripes instead; embolus distinctly spiraloid,
not ring-like; tibial retrolateral apophysis a stout spur, serrated distally
C. serrapophysis, (p. 158)

. Definite fringes on first and second pairs of legs (albicincta, conspecta,

CANALES ANGE DETUULA) ENS A CSeatae bs Susl ors: AO) a) ot ci ales AN Aaet see ON Set oc 6

. Definite fringes on third pair of legs as well as on first and second pairs

(bicincta, bryantae, obsoleta, opima, panamana, pulchra, and spiralis). ..9

. Palpal tibial apophysis long, slender, bifurcated at tip; clypeus and ante-

rior row of eyes with a dense covering of dull orange scale-like hairs
C. parvula, (p. 146)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................-. a
. Palpal tibial apophysis a simple spur, broad at base and tapered to a fine

point distally; clypeus covered with converging yellowish white hair;
carapace with a thick coat of yellowish white hair in a stripe on each side
from ALE to just behind PLE where the two stripes meet in a transverse
[DATE Us: 2 Aah eR Me EY are (OLIN AE WI rec oa oa OO C. canalis, (p. 136)

. Not with combination of characters given above.................-.-. 8
. Palpal tibial apophysis short and stout; first and second tibiae flattened

dorsally and prolaterally to form spinigerous ridges .C’. conspecta ,(p. 141)

. Palpal tibial apophysis long, slender, filiform; embolus widened toward

tip; first and second tibiae cylindrical as usual..... C. albicincta, (p. 132)

. Abdomen with a dorsal black irregularly quadrilateral figure in center of

which is a small white spot; clypeus with two white bands and usually also
with a white band on base of chelicerae; distal half of palpal femur and
patella clothed with white scales .................. C. bicincta, (p. 132)

. Not with combination of characters given above.................... 10
. Clypeus without special decorations; carapace with a broad white marginal

band on each side from opposite PLE to posterolateral corner; palpal
tibial apophysis long, filiform, usually divergent; embolus spiraloid with
EwiorCcomplebeyoUrNsh a 52 Vote neta ke elle es ies AO) C. spiralis, (p. 158)
Not with combination of characters given above..................-- 11
Clypeus with two bands of white scales (somewhat as in C. bicincta) but
chelicerae with isolated white scales; carapace without white marginal
stripes; tibial apophysis a stout spur of moderate length, serrated on inner
surface; embolus grooved and broadened before but not at tip..........

C. obsoleta, (p. 145)
Not with combination of characters given above...................-- 12
Clypeus without special decorations; carapace with a broad white marginal
stripe on each side; palpal tibial apophysis robust; embolus robust and
makes considerably less than a full turn of a spiral. . C. panamana, (p. 145)
Not with combination of characters given above...................- 13
Carapace with two dorsal narrower white stripes as well as the broad
marginal white stripes; a somewhat triangular dorsal abdominal red spot;
palpal tibial apophysis long, filiform; embolus fairly long, slender, and
with one and a half turns of a spiral................ C. opima, (p. 145)

128

13.
14.

14

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Not with combination of characters given above
Clypeus with a ventral fringe of loose white scales which continue laterally
to first coxae; carapace with a broad lateral white stripe on each side, a
patch of white scales between ALE, a small patch of white scales between
PME and PLE, a patch of white scales behind and below PLE, with many
grayish-yellow scales on head; palpal tibial apophysis long and slender;
embolus rather short, with about one full turn of a loose spiral..........
C. pulchra, (p. 150)

Clypeus with a well developed white fringe; carapace with a narrow white
ventral marginal stripe and loose white scales generally distributed; ab-
domen with many golden yellow scales together with several light and
dark stripes and bands; palpal tibial apophysis a long slender filament;
embolus makes about one full turn of a spiral, distally pointed ..........
C. bryantae, (p. 132)

Females

. Carapace with definite broad white or light colored stripes (bicincta, con-

specta, modesta, nigriventer, opima, panamana, pulchra, quadriguttata,
SEA POPNYSTS SPUN Ales same Stil pC) eae 7

. Carapace without definite broad white or light colored stripes (albicincta,

canalis, clara, obsoleta, parvula, and voluta).....................000-- 2

. Carapace generally dark brown with a few small white patches easily

removed by handling; abdomen black dorsally in anterior half, posterior
half with several short narrow dark and light transverse bands and a
single broad somewhat obscure light band about the middle; epigynum
with a pair of large light colored areas nearly contiguous medially and two
pairs of spermathecae dorsal to these areas.......... C. obsoleta, (p. 145)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 3
. Carapace brownish with many whitish hairs generally distributed (easily

removed by handling); clypeus with an inconspicuous whitish fringe;
abdomen yellowish with many small black spots and two irregular narrow
black bands near middle; epigynum with a pair of very small, light colored
areas each with an oval black spot, and a pair of relatively large sperma-
thecae nearly contiguous just in front of posterior margin .C.clara, (p. 140)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................- 4
. Carapace generally brown with few decorations except many iridescent

scales over much of dorsal area; clypeus without the light colored decora-
tions so characteristic of male; abdomen brownish mottled, with a fairly
broad central dorsal light stripe enclosing in posterior half several light
and dark chevrons; epigynum without usual large whitish areas, with a
pair of small depressions near center of plate and two large reniform
spermathecae at outer lateral corners connected with a pair of small
spermathecae near center of plate.................. C. canalis, (p. 136)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................-- 5

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA _ 129

. Carapace with a narrow white marginal boundary from PLE to postero-
lateral corner, almost black in ocular region, streaked laterally; clypeus
without special decoration; abdomen black at base and laterally, anterior
quarter of dorsum with yellowish scale-like hair, remainder of dorsum dark
brown with two pairs of yellowish dorsolateral bars or spots; epigynum
with two large circular areas and two pairs of spermathecae the more
anterior pair mostly in front of circular areas....... C. parvula, (p. 146)
. Not with combination of characters given above...................-- 6
. Carapace generally dark brown with white scales in interocular area, a
white ventral marginal stripe and clypeus with a distinct white fringe and
white scales around AME; abdomen black at base with a pair of narrow
white basal oblique bars, near middle is a narrow white dorsal bar broken
in middle which separates a pair of small black spots from a pair of larger
black spots margined behind in white; epigynum with a pair of whitish
areas occupying anterior half of plate separated by a low but distinct sep-
tum, and bounded laterally by elongated shallow slits. . C. voluta, (p. 163)
. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s description) ‘“Carapace brown, with a pale
spot of hairs between the lateral eyes, two pale spots on each side of the
central stria, and a posterior marginal band of white scales. Abdomen
brown, with a black anterior marginal band, followed by a thin encircling
white line extending obliquely a little down the sides; a pair of oblique
white spots lie above the spinners and are connected with a circular trans-
verse narrow white cincture just behind the middle”. Epigynum with a
pair of circular whitish areas occupying nearly entire plate, contiguous,
with two pairs of spermathecae, the more anterior pair about half in front
Olcinculariareasy Wels oie Su Neen See C. albicincta, (p. 132)
. Carapace with a pair of yellowish or whitish ventrolateral stripes behind
PLE; clypeus without special decorations; abdomen with a light dorsal
band near base, another near middle, and a series of short light and dark
dorsal bands in posterior quarter; epigynum with a pair of circular areas
occupying anterior half of plate and a pair of larger circular spermathecae
between circular areas and posterior margin...... C. sulphurea, (p. 162)

. Not with combination of characters given above............-..--+-++ 8

. Carapace with a central dorsal light stripe from between PLE to posterior
border and a ventral marginal whitish stripe passing across clypeus;
abdomen with four dorsal and dorsolateral brownish stripes separated by
three yellowish white stripes; epigynum with a pair of small, brown,
strongly chitinized circular areas more than half a diameter of one of
them apart, and a pair of larger circular spermathecae contiguous .......

C. serrapophysis, (p. 153)
. Not with combination of characters given above................+---- 9
. Carapace with a wide lateral white stripe, a large white spot between ALE,
a small white patch on each side between PME and PLE, and a white
patch on each side behind PLE; clypeus only with a row of white ventral

130

10.
Ml.

11.
12.

12.
13.

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

scales; abdomen with an irregular dorsal black band near middle, two black
dorsal spots in posterior third, elsewhere with many yellowish scales;
epigynum with a pair of small somewhat circular areas and a pair of
elongated spermathecae lying transversely between circular areas and
posteriordarpiny c+. te<yte iva. G reeee ts epee C. pulchra, (p. 150)

. Not with combination of characters given above.................... 10
. Carapace generally brown, a small white spot between PME and PLE,

another small white spot behind PLE, and a single median white spot at
beginning of posterior declivity, and a broad marginal white stripe from
opposite PLE to posterolateral corner; clypeus with a narrow band and a
fringe of white scales; abdomen with a black basal spot, a white basal
band which continues laterally to near middle, then a broad black some-
what oblique bar which continues to lateral sides, then a chestnut brown
band followed by a narrow white band nearly divided medially, then
another broader chestnut brown band continuous with another shorter
chestnut brown bar, the two chestnut brown bands being separated by a
pair of narrow short white bars; epigynum with an obscure central septum
separating two circular areas each with an oval spot near anterior border,
and four spermathecae, two in front of circular areas and two elongated
ones on lateral boundaries of plate................ C. spiralis, (p. 158)
Not with combination of characters given above.................... 11
Carapace with an oblique white bar behind PLE, the two nearly meeting
medially, a white patch between PME and PLE, a ventral marginal white
stripe from opposite PLE to posterolateral corner; clypeus with a white
ventral fringe and a narrow white band; abdomen generally yellowish,
with a large black dorsal spot in anterior half bearing in its center a small
white spot, in posterior half a series of black bars; epigynum with a pair
of large, somewhat oval, whitish areas nearly contiguous medially, a pair
of small spermathecae mostly in front of whitish areas, and a larger pair

of spermathecae occupying posterior halves of these areas..............

C. bicincta, (p. 132)
Not with combination of characters given above.................... 12
Carapace with many white scales in ocular region and behind PLE to
steep declivity, and a moderately well defined white ventral marginal
stripe; clypeus with a white ventral fringe; abdomen with a whitish broken
basal band extending laterally about half the length of the region, a broad
central dorsal irregular light stripe with two pairs of distinct black spots
bounding it laterally near middle; epigynum with a continuous recurved
anterior margin behind which are two circular areas separated from one
another by nearly a diameter of one of them, remote from posterior margin,
spermathecae in form of elongated tubules........ C. conspecta, (p. 141)
Not with combination of characters given above...................- 13

Carapace with a broad white lateral stripe from opposite PME to postero-
lateral corners, with white scales around first row of eyes; clypeus with a
white ventral fringe and many white scales irregularly distributed; abdo-

13.
14.

14.
15.

15.
16.

16.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 131

men with a central dorsal light colored band separating the brownish
anterior half from a brownish band in posterior third; epigynum with two
large oval whitish areas occupying nearly entire plate and nearly contigu-
ous medially, with a pair of rather small oval spermathecae at anterior
lateral corners of plate and mostly beyond margin of whitish areas......
C. panamana, (p. 145)

Not with combination of characters given above.................--- 14
Carapace with a broad lateral stripe from opposite PLE to posterolateral
corners, many white scales in interocular area, with a pair of curving white
stripes from PLE to top of posterior declivity where they nearly meet;
clypeus with a ventral fringe of loose white scales and other white scales
irregularly distributed; abdomen generally black, with two pairs of narrow
white dorsal bars in anterior third, with a light reddish brown dorsal bar
near middle, and with two more pairs of white dorsal bars in posterior
third, the first of these much broader than the second; epigynum with a
pair of strongly chitinized circular areas occupying nearly entire plate,
each with broad margin and containing an oval spot, with mternal sper-
machecae jmvasilol ei05 pyc. ccm cesta sents reteset snovae Geayedae obiaols C. opima, (p. 145)
Not with combination of characters given above...............-+--- 15
Carapace a rich dark brown, with a fairly broad white stripe from oppo-
site PLE along margin to posterolateral corner; clypeus with a scanty
white fringe; abdomen with dark grayish dorsum and many light colored
scales and bristles, across middle is a narrow, poorly defined light colored
band, in posterior half is a series of poorly defined alternate light and dark
chevrons; epigynum with two circular areas of moderate size moderately
remote from posterior margin, also with a pair of reniform spermathecae
largely between the circular areas and posterior margin...............
C. modesta, (p. 141)

Not with combination of characters given above..................-- 16
(Taken from F. Cambridge’s description) ‘‘Carapace brown, cephalic
area black, with a broad pale band behind the posterior eyes and continued
to the anterior margins on each side”. ‘Abdomen rich brown or black,
mottled, with a broad, anterior, pale band continuous in front and run-
ning obliquely along the sides: on the posterior half is a large transverse
oval area cut out by a pale band, with a pair of pale spots in the center;
the pale band broadens at the spinners, and bears one or more small black
central spots”. Epigynum with a pair of auriculoid whitish areas con-
tiguous medially, and a pair of small oval spermathecae just behind the
WSL OUIETS) OY PAVERS I ZO eM OES sae ae C. nigriventer, (p. 143)
(Taken from F. Cambridge’s description) Carapace brown with many
white scales, also with a pale posterior central stripe and a broad pale
marginal stripe on each side; abdomen brown and dull white, mottled, with
a central pale dorsal stripe containing several pale chevronsin posterior half,
also with four dorsal white spots set in brown patches; epigynum with a
pair of somewhat oval areas contiguous medially and somewhat obliquely
placed at some distance from posterior margin. . .C. quadriguttata, (p. 153)

132 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

CoRYTHALIA ALBICINCTA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Sidusa albicincta F. Cambridge, 1901
C. albicincta Simon, 1903

S. albicincta Banks, 1909

C. albicincta Petrunkevitch, 1911

C. albicincta Petrunkevitch, 1925

So far as I know, this species has not been taken in Panama since
the original discovery recorded by F. Cambridge and it has not yet
appeared in my collection.

CoRYTHALIA BicINcTA Petrunkevitch, 1925

C. bicincta Banks, 1929
C. sitticus Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936, female
Sidusa tulineba Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936, male

This well marked species appears to be quite common in regions
where I have collected. I have it from the following localities: Canal
Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June—July, 1936; July-August,
1939; El Valle, R. P,. July, 1936; Porto Bello, R. P., August, 1936;
Madden Dam region, C. Z. safeust 1936, 1939; Canal Zone Forest
Reserve, July, 1939.

CoRYTHALIA BRYANTAE spec. nov.
Figures 119-120

Male holotype. Total length 4.99 mm. Carapace 2.56 mm. long,
1.95 mm. wide opposite second coxae, 1.34 mm. tall and, therefore,
slightly more than two thirds as tall as wide; PLE occupy seventy-
three eighty-fifths of width of carapace at their level; of typical form
for the genus; with numerous long black bristles around eyes and
shorter bristles in interocular space and on posterior declivity, but hone
which seem to be especially significant; with a shallow median depres-
sion between posterior borders of PLE and with a short median longi-
tudinal thoracic groove beginning at bottom of median depression.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME is also tangent to dorsal borders of
ALE. Anterior row and posterior row almost exactly equal in width.
Middle row shorter than others in ratio of 67 : 72. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of 3 : 2. Total eye space occupies
about eight fifteenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME: ALE:

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 133

PME : PLE = 22 : 13 : 4 : 12.5. AME separated from one another
by three forty-fourths of the diameter of AME, from ALE by five
forty-fourths of the diameter of AME. Middle eyes closer to PLE than
to ALE in ratio of 5 : 7. Height of clypeus equal to five twenty-seconds
of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a well developed
fringe of white scales which extend laterally just beyond lateral borders
of ALE; dorsal to the fringe white scales cover most of the surface
and extend laterally to fill space beneath ALE; also three long stiff
bristles in lower angle between AME, and two long whitish bristles
beneath each AME together with a few long white hairs between AME
and between AME and ALE.

Chelicerae. Essentially parallel, moderately robust, vertical, not
produced but mildly excavated medially (obscured by rich growth of
bristles and hair). Apparently in life with sparsely arranged white
scale-like hair and simple hair over anterior surface. Basal segment
.84 mm. long. Fang moderately robust, short, evenly curved. Fang
groove with the usual soft promarginal ridge bearing a row of about
ten to twelve stiff black bristles; at medial end of groove a fairly robust
fissidentate promarginal tooth with two cusps; retromargin of groove

_with a single simple robust tooth (Fig. 120).

Mazxillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
15 : 8, quite concave along outer border, considerably dilated distally,
with outer distal corner drawn out to a distinct point but not to a hook,
with well developed scopula along truncature and with long white
lanceolate hairs in a diagonal band across retrolateral surface.

Lip. Wider than long in ratio of about 19 : 15, basal excavations
reach a little more than one third of length, reaches not quite to middle
of maxillae. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of 9 : 7,

_ widest between second coxae but nearly as wide between first coxae,
mildly convex, very blunt and rounded at posterior end which is not
extended between fourth coxae which are separated by one fifth of
their width.

Legs. 4231. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 18.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.54 95 1.12 .96 .50 5.07
2. 1.60 91 1.15 .96 Ol 5.13
3. 1.60 83 .96 1.15 .56 5.10
4. 1.66 76 1.10 1.34 62 5.48

134 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

All but fourth legs with fringes. First leg: a light fringe on distal end
of ventral surface of femur along retromargin; a heavy ventral fringe
on tibia and metatarsus which extends over onto lateral surfaces to
some extent and to distal end of patella. Second leg: essentially as in
first with somewhat more of the femur involved. This leg: lightly
fringed in same places as first and second. Fourth leg with no fringes.
First and second tibiae and metatarsi somewhat flattened dorsally and
prolaterally, also with considerable iridescence.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 2,
retrolateral only distal 1, ventral 0; patella only prolateral 0-1-0;
tibia dorsal 0, prolateral 1-1-1, retrolateral 1-1, ventral 2-2 (offset)-2;
metatarsus only prolateral and retrolateral 1-1, ventral 2-2. Second
leg: femur and patella like first except femur retrolateral distal 2;
tibia and metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur and patella as in
first except patella retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral
and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral lp-0-2; metatarsus dorsal 0, pro-
lateral 1-2, retrolateral 2-2, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: as in third except
metatarsus prolateral 1-1-2, retrolateral 2-1-2, ventral 2-2. No
palpal spines.

Palp. Femur with a prominent dorsal crest of long white hair;
somewhat twisted on its long axis. Patella and tibia both short with
the former longer than latter in ratio of 3 : 2, patella covered with
white scale-like hairs dorsally; tibial retrolateral apophysis a long
attenuated filament. Tarsus with a considerably swollen bulb and a
lobe overlapping tibia; embolus makes about one full turn of a spiral
but the latter is hidden because the circular part is in a plane at right
angle to the long axis and is crowded at the anterior end and somewhat
obscured by anterior margin of bulb; terminal part of embolus is
stout but it ends in a very slender point (Fig. 119).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of about 20 : 13, widest
in middle, anal tubercle a short flattened cone, all spinnerets nearly
equal in length, with posterior pair spread apart so the middle pair is
plainly in view dorsally, anterior pair most robust and contiguous.
Position of colulus uncertain. Tracheal spiracle a short distance from
base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. Chelicerae a rich reddish brown sparsely covered
with loose white scales; maxillae the same with yellowish white along
medial edges and truncature and grayish streaks elsewhere; lip much
the same, margined with yellowish white and somewhat streaked with
gray. Sternum dark brown with coxae the same ventrally, together
with many white scales. Legs: dark brown, almost black ventrally,

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 135

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 116-118. Compsodecta montana Chickering; male palp, ventral view;
palpal tarsus, ventral view; palpal tibial retrolateral apophy-
sis, retrolateral view.

Fig. 119. Corythalia bryantae Chickering; male palp ventral view.
Fig. 120. C. bryantae Chickering; male cheliceral teeth.
Fig. 121. Corythalia canalis, male carapace, lateral view.

Figs. 122-123. C. canalis, male palp, ventral view; palpal tibial apophysis,
retrolateral view.

Fig. 124. C. canalis, epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 125-126. Corythalia clara, epigynum, ventral view; dissected, viewed
from within, from paratype.

136 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

somewhat lighter dorsally especially the patellae and third and fourth
tarsi; all with many whitish scales which together with the black hair
gives a grayish appearance to segments which retain the scales; scales
especially numerous on third and fourth coxae dorsally and in middle
of dorsal surface of third and fourth femora. Carapace: in addition to
colors on clypeus already noted, a sprinkling of white scales occurs
from ALE around PME beneath PLE; also a sprinkling of white scales
on the space from PLE to posterior declivity (probably in life this whole
area is covered with the loose white scales); a narrow white stripe ex-
tends along just above ventral margin from opposite interval between
first and second coxae to posterolateral corner; eyes on black spots;
elsewhere dark reddish brown with many black streaks. Abdomen: a
black spot covers base and extends laterally where there are short
broken narrow yellowish and dark brown stripes; just posterior to black
basal spot is a white band nearly divided in middle; remainder of
dorsum covered with light yellow scales overlying a black and yellowish
finely dotted and streaked background; just behind middle of dorsum
is a faintly outlined light colored narrow band bounded in front and
behind by two small, nearly black irregular spots not far from lateral
margin; also several faintly outlined alternate yellowish and brown
chevrons; venter with a broad, nearly black, central stripe bounded
laterally by a row of yellowish dots and containing within it two less
clearly outlined rows of similar dots.

Type locality. Male holotype and one male paratype from Boquete,
R. P., July, 1939.

CoRYTHALIA CANALIS (Chamberlin), 1925
Figures 121-124

Saitis canalis Chamberlin, 1925
C. canalis Banks, 1929

It is not at all clear where this species belongs in the Phiale Group.
There are good reasons why it should not be regarded as a Saitis, and
some reasons why it may not be well to place it in the genus Corythalia.
The fringes on its legs, the palpal and epigynal characters all seem to
make it quite different from typical members of the genus. In view of
the uncertainty concerning its proper position I have deemed it wise
to leave it where it was placed by Mr. Banks. The fact that the species
has never been described in detail, and also because I have the allotype
female seems to warrant a careful description of both sexes.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 13h

Male hypotype. Total length 3.90 mm. Carapace 2.05 mm. long,
1.54 mm. wide at level of posterior eyes which occupy sixty-one sixty-
eighths of width of carapace at that level; carapace appears to be wider
than it actually is due to the presence of the fluffy hairs at the sides in
cheek region; gently convex in interocular area, rises rather steeply
dorsal to AME and then remains nearly level with a gentle arch to
beginning of posterior declivity (Fig. 121); 1.02 mm. tall and, therefore,
about two thirds as tall as wide, no tufts of hair in ocular area but hair
beneath lateral eyes recurved and erect; a short median longitudinal
thoracic groove beginning about opposite posterior borders of PLE.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a straight line from dorsal
borders of AME cuts off about the dorsal third of ALE. Anterior row
wider than posterior row in ratio of 33 : 31. Middle row almost as
wide as posterior row. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio
of 33 : 20. Total eye space occupies twelve twenty-thirds of length of
carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 20 :12.5:4:
12. AME separated from one another by three fortieths of their
diameter, from ALE by one eighth of their diameter. Middle eyes
closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of 2 : 3. Height of clypeus equal
to about half the diameter of AME (hidden by thick coating of hair).
Clypeus decorated with a heavy coat of long yellowish white hair
generally turned toward the center line but also overhanging chelicerae.
Iridescent scales in upper angle of AME and beneath ALE aré azure in
certain light; in addition to three stiff bristles in lower angle between
AME there are also on each side two more stiff bristles below AME
converging toward the middle.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, not produced, of moderate size,
tapered at distal end, with whole prolateral surface covered by long
bristles which are richly greenish iridescent; fang moderately slender,
evenly curved. Fang groove with a row of stiff black hairs and two
small teeth on promargin; a single slender retromarginal tooth (ob-
served and drawn from paratype to avoid injury to hypotype).

Mazxillae. Somewhat convergent, longer than wide in middle in
ratio of about 5 : 3, considerably dilated distally and drawn out into a
blunt tubercle at outer distal angle, with well developed scopula along
truncature. ;

Lip. Wider at base than long in ratio of about 5 : 4, nearly tri-
angular in shape, with basal excavations extending nearly half its
length, reaches just beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of about
8 : 7, widest between second coxae, a little wider than base of Jip at

138 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

anterior margin, blunt posterior end not extended between fourth
coxae which are separated by one seventh of their diameter.
Legs. 3412. Tibial index of first and fourth legs 18.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il 1.06 .62 .70 70 A4 Bae
Pp. .98 57 .58 .66 38 Rul7
3: 1.28 .60 18 .96 41 4.03
4. 1.12 50 Bi, 1.06 45 (3.85
Palp 64 33 18 — 51 1.66

First leg with a dorsal femoral fringe, proximal half with dark hair and
distal half with whitish hair; distal half of prolateral surface with long
spatulate hairs which are brilliantly greenish iridescent; patella and
tibia also with iridescent hairs on prolateral surface and with ventral
black fringe extended onto metatarsus. Second leg much like first.
Third and fourth legs with considerable iridescence but not with
fringes except poorly developed on third femora.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O0-1-1-1 and prolateral distal
2; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 0-0-1, ventral
2-2(staggered)—2; metatarsus only prolateral 1-1; retrolateral 0-1,
ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first except retrolateral
distal 1; tibia as in first except prolateral 0-1-1; metatarsus as in first
except retrolateral 1-1. Third leg: femur and patella as in second
except patella retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral and re-
trolateral 0-1-1, ventral 0-1p—2; metatarsus dorsal 1r-Ir, prolateral
1-2, retrolateral 1-1, ventral 2—2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in
third except femur prolateral 0; tibia as in third; metatarsus dorsal
1p-—Ip, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1, ventral 2—2. Palpus: no spines
observed, may be hidden by crests.

Palp. Femur with a scanty whitish ventral fringe on proximal half,
and a dorsal fringe along whole surface with light hairs except near dis-
tal end where there are some black ones; patella with a dorsal fringe of
short, highly iridescent scales which in certain light are azure and in
other light greenish; greenish iridescent scales continue dorsally along
tibia and tarsus. Patella nearly twice as long as tibia; tarsus longer
than patella in ratio of about 3:2. Retrolateral tibial apophysis a
simple spur, broad at base and tapered to a point; also a soft, poorly
chitinized, midventral tubercle. Tarsus with a bulb which shows a
very prominent tubular loop; embolus is a short black spine with a
genu about one third from base (Figs. 122-123).

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 139

Abdomen. Distinctly ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 3 : 2,
widest in middle; anal tubercle a short flattened cone; spinnerets slen-
der, anterior pair most robust, middle and posterior pairs equally
slender, posterior pair spread apart so that middle pair are exposed to
view. Position of colulus marked by a cluster of black bristles. Tracheal
spiracle near base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. Legs generally dark brown, tarsi and patellae,
lighter, iridescence as already noted. Carapace: clypeus yellowish
white from the long hair present there; from ALE a broad yellowish
white stripe much above and below PME and PLE extends back just
behind PLE and then becomes a broad band across the beginning of
posterior declivity; elsewhere dark brown, more or less streaked with
black although in life interocular region probably has some of the
yellowish white hairs and iridescent scales. Abdomen: a fairly broad,
central, yellowish white stripe from base nearly to anal tubercle in-
cludes several light and dark chevrons in its posterior half; elsewhere
dorsally, dorsolaterally, and ventrally brown, more or less spotted and
mottled laterally.

Female allotype. ‘Total length 4.22 mm. Carapace 1.98 mm. long,
1.41 mm. wide opposite posterior eyes. Except for the lack of the
copious supply of hair carapace is essentially like that of male.

Eyes. Height of clypeus equal to about one third of diameter of
AME. Clypeus without the thick coating of yellowish white hair so
characteristic of male; fringed with bristles along ventral border.
Otherwise essentially as in male.

Chelicerae. Essentially as in male.

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male except outer
distal angle of maxillae without tubercles, smoothly rounded.

Legs. 3412. Tibial index of first leg 24, of fourth leg 18.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

ile .96 46 .64 oO 33 2.96
2. 89 Ol 0 Ol 32 2.80
3. 1.22 62 67 .86 33 3.70
4, 1.08 48 (il 93 38 3.58

No fringes on legs but numerous highly iridescent scales. Patella and
tibia of palp especially well supplied with these scales.

140 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Spines. First leg: femur, patella and tibia as in male except femur
prolateral distal 1; metatarsus only prolateral 1-0, ventral 2-2.
Second leg: femur, patella, and metatarsus as in male, tibia as in first
leg of male. Third leg: as in male. Fourth leg: as in male except meta-
tarsus dorsal 1lr—-lr—O-lr, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1, ventral
lp-lp.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male.

Epigynum. There are two large reniform spermathecae at outer
posterior corners of the epigynal plate; two small depressions, possibly
openings, near center associated with obscure tubules within (Fig.
124).

Color in alcohol. Legs yellowish except fourth femur which is dark
brown, almost black, on prolateral and retrolateral surfaces of proximal
half; chelicerae reddish brown; palps yellowish with many highly
iridescent scales. Carapace without most of the special decorations so
prominent in male; interocular area very dark brown; region covered
by yellowish hair in male is, in the female, provided with very irides-
cent scales which in certain light are light bluish (probably in life these
scales are spread over the interocular area); elsewhere brown. Abdo-
men: essentially as in male; venter with a large irregular yellowish spot
behind genital groove.

Type locality. Male hypotype and female allotype from Ft. Sher-
man, C. Z., August, 1939. Two other males from Ft. Davis, C. Z.,
Aug., 1936, and Ft. Sherman, Aug., 1939. Several female paratypes
from Ft. Sherman, Aug., 1939 and Ft. Randolph, C. Z., Aug., 1936.

CoRYTHALIA CLARA Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936
Figures 125-126

This species has been collected at the following localities: Canal
Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; July-August, 1939; Porto
Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Balboa, C. Z., Aug., 1936; C. Z. Forest Re-
serve, C. Z., Aug., 1939. Dr. Ivie’s figure of the dorsal aspect of the
animal is a very good drawing, but his figure of the epigynum omits
some important features, perhaps because it was made from an imma-
ture specimen. For this reason I have drawn a figure in which I have
tried to show all of the essential features which are seen in a mature
specimen.

‘

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 141

CoRYTHALIA CONSPECTA (Peckham), 1896

Escambia conspecta Peckham, 1896

Sidusa conspecta F. Cambridge, 1901

C. conspecta Simon, 1903

E. conspecta Peckham, 1909

C. conspecta Petrunkevitch, 1911

C. conspecta Banks, 1929

C. diffusa Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936 i

Banks had a male from the Canal Zone Biological Area, Aug., 1924.
I have several females, July, 1934 and 1936, and a male, July, 1939,
all from the same locality. Female types are available for study from
the Peckham collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, but
the males have, unfortunately, disappeared. Either Mr. Banks’ male
or mine should be described as the hypotype as there are several im-
portant features not mentioned in the original description.

CoRYTHALIA MODESTA spec. nov.
Figures 127-129

Female holotype. Total length 3.90 mm. Carapace 1.98 mm. long,
1.41 mm. wide between PME and PLE which occupy fifteen sixteenths
of width of carapace at their level; dorsally carapace rises gently from
AME and reaches highest point just in front of PLE and then arches
evenly over to beginning of steep posterior declivity which covers only
about one eighth of length of carapace; 1.02 mm. tall and, therefore,
about five sevenths as tall as wide; with numerous short and long bris-
tles but none which seems to be especially noteworthy; a short longi-
tudinal median thoracic groove beginning at the transverse depression
which is a short distance behind posterior border of PLE.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that dorsal borders of ALE are
slightly above those of AME. Anterior row wider than posterior row
in ratio of 63 : 60. Middle row shorter than posterior row in ratio of
5/7 : 60. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of about 3 :
2. Total eye space occupies slightly more than half the length of cara-
pace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE=19 : 12 : 2.5 : 10.
AME separated from one another by slightly less than one nineteenth
of their diameter, from ALE by twice as far. Middle eyes closer to
PLE than to ALE in ratio of 3 : 4. Height of clypeus equal to about
one third of diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with a scanty
fringe of white scale-like hairs along ventral margin, and three long

142 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

upturned bristles in lower angle between AME. All eyes of anterior
row surrounded by a scanty fringe of white hairs like those on clypeus.

Chelicerae. Vertical, essentially parallel, moderately robust, some-
what full and rounded in front; basal segment .53 mm. long; truncated
coniform; front surface with a moderate number of weak bristles. Fang
moderately stout, short, evenly curved. Fang groove with a soft pro-
marginal ridge bearing a row of eight or nine short stiff black bristles
and at medial end is a fairly robust tooth with two cusps which might
be considered as two contiguous teeth; retromargin with a simple
single tooth of moderate size (Fig. 127).

Mazxillae. Somewhat convergent, longer than wide in middle in
ratio of about 3 : 2, moderately concave along outer border, palp in-
serted into basal half, moderately dilated distally, outer distal angle
very gradually rounded, fairly well developed scopula along truncature.

Inp. Wider than long in ratio of about 5:4, basal excavations reach
about one third of length, almost triangular from level of excavations,
distal end only one fourth as wide as base. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Almost oval, longer than wide in ratio of 17 : 14. moder-
ately convex, widest between second coxae but nearly as wide between
first coxae, posterior end very blunt and not extended between fourth
coxae which are separated by only about one seventh of their diameter.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 22, of fourth leg 20.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

Ihe 1.09 1 65 8 39 3.22
2. 1.02 45 58 Ol oo 2.89
3. 1.07 9 10 307 .40 3.53
4. 1.15 56 std 95 45 3.88

Legs somewhat hairy but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 1;
patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 0-0-1,
ventral 2—2(staggered)—2; metatarsus only prolateral 1-1, ventral 2-2.
Second leg: femur and patella as in first except patella retrolateral 0;
tibia only prolateral 0-1—-1-0, ventral 1r—2—2; metatarsus as in first
except retrolateral 0-1. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral
distal 2, retrolateral distal 1; patella as in first; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, pro-
lateral and retrolateral 1-1, ventral 1p(very long)—0-2; metatarsus
only prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: femur
only dorsal 0-O-1-1-1 and retrolateral distal 1; patella as in first;

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 143
tibia dorsal 0, elsewhere as in third; metatarsus prolateral and retro-
lateral 1-1-2, ventral 1p—Ip. :

Abdomen. Broadly ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 4 : 3, widest
in middle; anal tubercle a short broad flattened cone somewhat re-
tracted; all spinnerets short and nearly equal in length, posterior pair
spread far apart so that middle pair is well exposed to view. Position
of colulus indicated by minute tuft of bristles. .Tracheal spiracle near
base of spinnerets.

Epigynum. Follows typical pattern for Corythalia; two small
circular areas in contact medially and situated a little more than one
third of their diameter: from posterior border; small openings near
center of epigynum on medial side of the circular areas may be oppo-
site or staggered as in holotype; two fairly large bean-shaped sperma-
thecae mainly between posterior margin and the circular areas. Dis-
section of the epigynum of a paratype reveals that the spermathecae
are actually as they appear externally to be (Figs. 128-129).

Color in alcohol. Palp: proximal half of femur gray, distal half and
patella yellowish white; tibia and tarsus reddish brown except yellowish
white tip of latter. Chelicerae a rich reddish brown, except yellowish
white in vicinity of fang groove. Legs generally reddish brown with
femora grayish brown, lighter beneath. Carapace a rich dark brown,
nearly black around eyes; a fairly broad white stripe from opposite
PLE along ventral margin on each side to posterolateral corner; cly-
peus as already noted. Abdomen: dorsum very dark gray with much
black simple recumbent hair, many light colored scales and bristles;
across the middle is a narrow, poorly defined, light colored band; in
posterior half is a series of poorly defined alternate light and dark
chevrons; the venter shows three dark stripes narrowed posteriorly
and bounded by four rows of yellowish dots; laterally there are oblique
narrow broken alternate dark and yellowish stripes.

Type locality. Female holotype and five female paratypes from
Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

CoORYTHALIA NIGRIVENTER (F’. Cambridge), 1901

Sidusa nigriventer F. Cambridge, 1901
C. nigriventer Simon, 1903

C. nigriventer Petrunkevitch, 1911

C. nigriventer Petrunkevitch, 1925

F. Cambridge had both sexes of this species from Panama. So far
as known it has not been reported since his time, and it has not yet
appeared in my collection.

144 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 127. Corythalia modesta Chickering; female cheliceral teeth.

Figs. 128-129. C.modesta Chickering; epigynum, ventral view, and dissected,
viewed from within.

Fig. 130. Corythalia obsoleta, male palp, ventral view.

Figs. 131-132. C. obsoleta, epigynum, ventral view, and dissected, viewed
from within.

Fig. 133. Corythalia panamana, epigynum, ventral view.
Fig. 134. Corythalia parvula, male cheliceral teeth.

Fig. 135. C. parvula, male palp, ventral view.

Fig. 136. C. parvula, epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 137. Corythalia pulchra, male palp, ventral view.

Fig. 138. C. pulchra, epigynum, dissected and viewed from within.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 145

CoRYTHALIA OBSOLETA Banks, 1929
Figures 130-132
C. endigma Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936

This species is in my collection from the following localities: Canal
Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June-July, 1936; June-July,
1939; Ft. Davis, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936;
C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z., July, 1939. The male has heavy fringes
on third leg and less well developed fringes on second and first; the
female has no fringes on her legs. Ventral tibial spines on first leg of
male lr—2(staggered)—2, in female they are apparently variable. A
dorsal proximal tibial spine on third and fourth legs, sometimes lacking.
The embolus of the male palp is not only stout, as pointed out by Banks,
but it is also grooved and has a distinct widening near tip (Fig. 130).
The epigynum has been studied carefully both externally and intern-
ally by dissection (Figs. 131-132). Chamberlin and Ivie list C. endigma
as a new species on page five of their paper (36), and their Fig. 42 shows
the general features of the epigynum, but I can find no text to accom-
pany the figure. I believe, however, that C. endigma C. and I. is a
synonym for C. obsoleta Banks.

CoRYTHALIA OPIMA (Peckham), 1885

Jotus opimus Peckham, 1885
Dynamius opimus Peckham, 1896

D. opimus Banks, 1898

Sidusa fulvoguttata F. Cambridge, 1901
S. opima F. Cambridge, 1901

C. opima Simon, 1903

S. opima Banks, 1909

S. fulvoguttata Banks, 1909

C. opima Peckham, 1909

C. opima Petrunkevitch, 1911

I have one female from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936, which evidently
belongs to this species.

CoRYTHALIA PANAMANA Petrunkevitch, 1925
Figure 133
C. panamana Banks, 1929

Professor Petrunkevitch had only the male. Mr. Banks had both
sexes from Bella Vista, R. P., near Panama City, July—Aug., 1924.

146 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

It seems rather curious that I have not taken this species in any of my
collecting trips in Panama but such is the case, however. I have
carefully checked through the original description with the specimens
collected and identified by Mr. Banks before me. Certain differences
exist between the specimens and the written description but perhaps
they are not significant. If these specimens belong to C. panamana
then Mr. Banks’ female should be described as the allotype. The male
palp has the following features: a small dorsal cap of white hair at
distal end of femur and proximal end of patella; tibia about seven
elevenths as long as patella; tibial apophysis stout, blunt at distal end
where there are three coarse serrations; tarsus robust, with embolus
completing one full turn or a little more. The epigynum is of the C.
obsoleta type with each half considerably longer than wide; two
spermathecae a diameter of one of them apart and largely anterior to
epigynal plate (Fig. 133). Both sexes have a broad white stripe on
each side of the carapace from opposite PME to posterolateral corner.
The female has some white around anterior row of eyes and the male
has the same region with reddish hair. In both sexes there is a rather
broad, central, abdominal, dorsal, light colored band separating two
darker bands. The male is a little less than six mm. long; the female
almost eight mm. long. The third leg in males is heavily fringed;
second and first progressively less heavily fringed.

CoRYTHALIA PARVULA (Peckham), 1896
Figures 134-136

Escambia parvula Peckham, 1896
Sidusa parvula F. Cambridge, 1901
S. lutea F. Cambridge, 1901

C. parvula Simon, 1903

C. lutea Simon, 1903

C. parvula Petrunkevitch, 1911

C. lutea Petrunkevitch, 1911

The Peckhams had this species from Guatemala and Mexico. I
have had the opportunity to examine the types carefully. There are
also two specimens in the Nathan Banks collection from Costa Rica
which are labelled this species, but they are very clearly not this
species and belong to a different section of the genus. F. Cambridge
(701) in connection with his brief remarks about S. lutea wrote as fol-
lows: ‘ Had Peckham made any mention of orange scales on the cly-
peus one would have suspected that this species was his S. parvula for

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 147

in the figure the tibial spur is very clearly bifurcate’’. I think there is
no reasonable doubt of the synonymy as I have given it above. It
would seem that a species with such clearly marked features and yet
one which has given rise to confusion in the minds of good workers
should be carefully described in accord with our modern methods. I
have both males and females from Porto Bello, R. P., and from these I
have selected hypotypes as follows:

Male hypotype. Total length 4.80 mm. Carapace 2.37. mm. long,
1.79 mm. wide opposite second coxae and a little behind PLE which
occupy eleven twelfths of width of carapace at that level; a shallow
depression at anterior end of the short longitudinal median thoracic
groove which begins just opposite the posterior border of PLE; no
cephalic tufts of hair but numerous stiff bristles around all eyes and to
some extent within interocular area; 1.28 mm. tall and, therefore, a
little more than two thirds as tall as wide; rises gently from AME to
highest point opposite PLE and then descends very gently for nearly:
three fourths of distance to posterior border where steep declivity
begins and which descends abruptly to posterior border.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a straight line from dorsal
borders of AME cuts off about one fourth of diameter of ALE. Ante-
rior row and posterior row almost equal in width, middle row shorter
than others in ratio of 59 : 65. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long
in ratio of 65 : 42. Total eye space occupies thirty-three seventieths of
length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 19.5:
12 : 3:11. AME separated from one another by four thirty-ninths
of their diameter, from ALE by six thirty-ninths of their diameter.
Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of 10 : 13. Height of
clypeus equal to a little less than one third of the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated with a thick coat of dull orange colored scales which
spread around AME, between AME and ALE and also in a conspicu-
ous band between ALE; also seven long stiff bristles in two rows, five
above and two below.

Chelicerae. Moderately robust, vertical, parallel, somewhat flat-
tened in front, somewhat iridescent, irregularly rugulose, with no boss
visible, sparsely covered with long, somewhat converging, weak bris-
tles. Fang moderately robust, evenly curved. Fang groove with a row
of stiff black promarginal bristles close to base of fang, and a single
bidentate tooth near medial end of groove on promargin; on retro-
margin is a single, simple, fairly robust tooth (Fig. 134).

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in ratio of 7 : 4, considerably
dilated distally, moderately concave along outer border, outer distal

148 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

angle somewhat acute but not drawn out into a tubercle or hook, with
well developed scopula along truncature and along medial edge for a
distance.

Lip. Wider at base than long in ratio of 17 : 15, gradually narrowed
from distal ends of basal excavations which reach one third of its
length, reaches a little beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal suture
straight.

Sternum. Broadly scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of 43 : 36,
lateral sides well rounded, anterior border just a little wider than lip,
posterior end very blunt and not extended between fourth coxae
which are separated by only one ninth of the diameter.

Legs. 4321. Tibial index of first leg 20, of fourth leg 18.

Femora _ Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 1.30 19 1.00 88 Ol 4.44
2. 1.47 sd) 1.05 90 02 4.71
3. 1.53 500 1.02 1.15 58 5.05
4. 1.52 71 1.10 1.28 .64 9.29
Palp .63 Lal 18 = 82 1.90

Only first two pairs of legs with definite fringes. First leg: poorly
developed fringes along promargin and retromargin of ventral side of
femur; ventral fringe along retromargin of tibia and metatarsus; dorsal
fringe along retromargin of tibia and metatarsus; all black except a
few white femoral hairs; tibia mildly flattened on promargin of dorsal
side. Second leg: essentially like the first except more white scale-like
hairs occur on prolateral sides of femur and patella. No fringes on
third and fourth legs. More or less iridescence from presence of scales
or modified surface on all legs. All coxae with white scale-like hairs,
especially third and fourth on dorsal sides.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O—1-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral 0-0-0-0-2 (on right leg only one distal lateral on both sides);
patella only prolateral 0-1-1 and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia only pro-
lateral 1-1-1, retrolateral 1-0, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus dorsal 0-0-2,
prolateral 1-1, retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and
patella as in first except femur dorsal 0-O-O0-1-2; tibia as in first;
metatarsus dorsal 0-0-2, prolateral 1-1, retrolateral 1-1, ventral 2—2.
Third leg: femur and patella as in second except prolateral 0-O0-0-1-2
on femur; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral
2-0-2; metatarsus dorsal 2—2, prolateral 0-1, retrolateral 1-1, ventral

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 149

0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia as in third except
ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus dorsal 1-1, prolateral 1-2, retrolateral
1-1-2, ventral 0-2-2. No spines observed on palpus.

Palp. Femur nearly straight, with a mildly developed dorsal crest
of white hairs at distal half which spreads dorsally over patella; both
patella and tibia short but patella longer than tibial body in ratio of
3 : 2; tarsus nearly as long as tibia and patella together. Tibial retro-
lateral apophysis long, slender, bifurcate at tip. Embolus slender and
with about one and one third turns of a spiral (Fig. 135).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of about 14 : 9, widest
near middle; anal tubercle a short flattened cone; anterior pair of spin-
nerets most robust, others slender and with posterior pair spread widely
apart thus exposing middle pair plainly to view, all of moderate length;
colulus represented by a small tuft of black bristles; tracheal spiracle
near base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. All legs generally dark brown, progressively some-
what lighter from femora to tarsi; numerous white scale-like hairs
especially on second femora and patellae and on third and fourth coxae
as already noted. Palps generally dark brown or black with white
scales and hair as already noted. Chelicerae very dark brown in front,
lighter behind and near fang groove; lip and maxillae brownish with
yellowish tips. Carapace generally very dark, almost black in ocular
region, streaked along lateral sides; a narrow white boundary on each
side along ventral margin from opposite PLE to posterolateral corner.
Clypeus a dull orange as noted; also a band of the same between ALE
just dorsal to AME. Sternum brownish. Abdomen: dark brown or
black at base and this extends laterally to posterior end; a cap of
yellowish scale-like hairs covers anterior quarter of dorsum; behind
the cap abdomen is dark brown with a pair of dorsolateral yellowish
diagonal bars and still farther back another pair of smaller yellowish
dorsolateral spots; venter dark brown with four rows of yellowish dots.

Female hypotype. Total length 4.67 mm. Carapace 2.11 mm. long,
1.47 mm. wide, 1.00 mm. tall. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Anterior row much less recurved than in male, dorsal borders
of ALE and AME nearly on a level. Total eye space occupies nearly
one half the length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :
PLE=18 : 11: 2.5 : 10. Clypeus and ocular region without the orange
scale-like hairs so characteristic of male.

Chelicerae. Moderately robust, vertical, parallel, somewhat swollen
in front and somewhat tapered distally. Fang and fang groove essen-
tially as in male.

150 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male except posterior
coxae are much farther apart than in that sex.
Legs. 4321. Tibial index of first leg 23, of fourth leg 19.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. .96 .62 .65 58 40 3.21
2. 1.02 58 .64 58 40 3.22
3. 1.21 .64 Ctl .86 40 3.82
4. 1.21 .62 88 1.00 44 4.15

No definite fringes on any legs; with little iridescence.

Spines. First leg: femur as in male except prolateral 0-O-O0-0-1;
patella as in male except retrolateral 0; tibia only prolateral 1-1,
ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only prolateral and retrolateral 1-1, ventral
2-2. Second leg: femur as in male; elsewhere as in first leg. Third leg:
femur and patella as in first leg of male; tibia as in male except ventral
1p—0-2; metatarsus dorsal 2-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral
2-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in first leg of male; tibia dorsal
1-2, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral ip—O-2; metatarsus
dorsal 1r—O0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 1p-2.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male.

Epigynum. With two nearly circular areas touching medially, only
a short distance from genital furrow; with a pair of somewhat oval
spermathecae near posterior margin of plate and a second pair of pyri-
form spermathecae largely in front of plate and wide apart (Fig. 136).

Color in alcohol. Essentially as in male except for the decorations on
the clypeus and around eyes and the dorsal bar between ALE all of
which are entirely lacking in the female.

Type locality. Male and female hypotypes from Porto Bello, R: P.,
Aug., 1936. Two additional males and two females taken with hypo-

types.

CoRYTHALIA PULCHRA Petrunkevitch, 1925
Figures 137-138

Male allotype. Total length 5.50 mm. Carapace 2.82 mm. long, 2.11
mm. wide opposite second coxae, 1.47 mm. tall and, therefore, almost
seven tenths as tall as wide. PLE occupy about seven eighths of
width of carapace at their level. Carapace considerably depressed in a
recurved are just posterior to PLE; with a short distinct median longi-
tudinal thoracic groove beginning at a line tangent to posterior borders

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 151

of PLE; with much black procumbent hair and white scales distributed
as later described; also long black bristles in eye region but with no
special tufts of hair.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one eighth of diameter
of ALE. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of about 75 :
73. Middle row narrower than posterior row in ratio of 71 : 73.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of about 3 : 2. Total
eye space occupies seven seventeenths of length of carapace. Ratio of
eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE=23 : 14.5 : 4:13. AME separated
from one another by five forty-sixths of their diameter, from ALE by
slightly more. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of
11 : 15. Height of clypeus equal to thirteen twenty-thirds of diameter
of AME. Clypeus decorated with a fringe of very loose white scales
along ventral border; also on the ventral border is a row of bristles;
three long stiff bristles in lower angle between AME and two more
beneath each AME; white ventral fringe extends laterally as far as
first coxae.

Chelicerae. Moderately robust, vertical, parallel, not produced,
front surface covered with light colored bristles and sparsely by loose
white scales, and black bristles near fang groove. Basal segment .82
mm. long. Fang short, fairly robust, evenly curved. Fang groove as
usual with a soft promarginal ridge bearing a row of stiff black bristles;
near medial end of promargin is a single simple small tooth; retro-
margin with a single simple small slender tooth.

Mazxillae. Slightly convergent, longer than wide in ratio of about
2 : 1. moderately concave along outer border, moderately dilated dis-
tally, outer distal corner very gradually rounded and with a blunt
point, with a well developed scopula along truncature.

Inp. Only slightly wider than long, basal excavations reach a little
more than one third of length of organ, nearly triangular from distal
ends of excavations, reaches three fifths of length of maxillae. Sternal
suture slightly procurved.

Sternwm. Generally scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of about
4 : 3, nearly as wide at anterior border as base of lip; lateral margins
with three angles on each side corresponding to intercoxal intervals;
posterior end truncated and with two small angles, not extended be-
tween fourth coxae which are separated by about one eighth of their
width; with a few stiff bristles over entire surface.

Legs. 3421. Tibial index of first leg 24, of fourth leg 17.

152 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1 1.60 .89 .96 83 56 4.84
2. 1.73 89 1.02 .90 52 5.06
By 2.05 1.03 1.44 1.44 64 6.60
4. 1.92 88 12 1.53 .70 6.25
Palp 71 Bi 22 — .80 2.00

All but fourth legs conspicuously fringed with black hair. First leg:
only lightly fringed dorsally on femur, patella, tibia, and metatarsus,
most along retromargin; ventrally fringed from femur to metatarsus,
mostly along promargin; with much purplish iridescence; segments
not flattened. Second leg: like the first except somewhat more heavily
fringed and tibia is slightly flattened dorsally. Third leg: most heavily
fringed of all; in addition to black fringe distributed essentially as in
first and second there is a patch of white scale-like hair near distal end
of femur on prolateral side; tibia strongly flattened prolaterally and
dorsally thus making a conspicuous spinigerous ridge; metatarsus some-
what flattened like tibia. No fringes on fourth leg.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0—-0—-1-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral distal 2; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral
1-1-1, retrolateral 1-1-0, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only prolateral
and retrolateral 1-1, ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in
first except patella retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 1-1-1, retre-
lateral 1—-1(offset)—1, ventral 1r—2—2; metatarsus prolateral 1-2, retro-
lateral 1-1, ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur and patella as in second;
tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—lp-2;
metatarsus only prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 2-2. Fourth
leg: femur, patella, and tibia as in third except tibia ventral 1p—0-2;
metatarsus only prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-2. No
spines observed on palp.

Palp. Femur with a white crest over distal half of dorsal side and a
row of white bristles diagonally across prolateral side in distal half;
both patella and tibia short but former longer than latter in ratio of
nearly 5 : 4; tibial retrolateral apophysis a long slender filament; bulb
considerably swollen, with lobe overlapping ventral side of tibia; em-
bolus rather short, with about one full turn of a loose spiral (Fig. 137).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 3 : 2, anal tubercle
retracted and nearly invisible, spinnerets essentially as described by
Petrunkevitch in the female, position of colulus indicated by a very
minute tuft of short dark bristles, tracheal spiracle near base of spin-
nerets.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 153

Color in alcohol. Color of palps already noted except the reddish
brown tarsi. Chelicerae reddish brown with white hairs and scales as
already noted. Lip and maxillae light brownish with yellowish tips.
Sternum and coxae light brownish, dusted with gray. Legs: generally
reddish brown with modifications by dark streaks, black hair, irides-
cence, and difference in shading; segments bearing heavy black fringes
generally dark rich and waxy in appearance; tarsi generally lighter;
white scales as noted on coxae and a few other places, perhaps in life
nearly all segments carry a few of these, loosely arranged. Carapace:
clypeus as noted; white spots and stripes essentially as described in
female; lateral stripes begin in the male opposite first coxae; grayish
yellow scales described in female as covering main part of head seem
mostly rubbed off in these males. Abdominal pattern very close to
that of female.

Note. When epigynum is dissected and viewed from inner surface it
has appearance shown in Fig. 138.

Type locality. Male allotype and a male paratype from Chilibre,
C. Z., July, 1939. Male paratypes and several females from the fol-
lowing localities: Gamboa, C. Z., Aug., 1939; Madden Dam region and
C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z., July—Aug., 1939.

CoORYTHALIA QUADRIGUTTATA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Sidusa quadriguttata F. Cambridge, 1901
C. quadriguttata Simon, 1903

C. quadriguttata Petrunkevitch, 1911

C. quadriguttata Petrunkevitch, 1925

The Peckhams had this species from Mexico but it has not yet
appeared in my collection from Panama.

CoRYTHALIA SERRAPOPHYSIS (Chamberlin and Ivie) 1936
Figures 139-142
Freya serrapophysis Chamb. and Ivie, 1936
The correct position for this species is very much in doubt. It is
plainly not a Freya, while several of its features seem to ally it to
Corythalia. I believe it to be somewhat aberrant like C. sulphurea

and, as in the case of that species, it seems best to place it tentatively
in the genus Corythalia pending a better understanding of its natural

154 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

position in the system. For a long time I was reluctant to place the

females which I have recognized here, but I have finally decided that .

this must be the correct place for them. The coloration of young males
is sometimes very close to that of mature females. A male hypotype
and a female allotype have been selected and described as follows:

Male hypotype. Total length 4.35 mm. Carapace 2.05 mm. long,
1.41 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy about ten elevenths of
width of carapace at that level, 1.30 mm. tall, and, therefore, about
thirteen fourteenths as tall as wide; slightly swollen medially opposite
PME; gently arched dorsally to beginning of steep posterior declivity
which lies in last sixth of its length; with a short median longitudinal
thoracic groove opposite posterior halves of PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row definitely projecting down-
ward, recurved so that a line tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off
about one fifth of diameter of ALE. Anterior row wider than posterior
row in ratio of 12 : 11, wider than middle row in ratio of 4 : 3. Quad-
rangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 22 : 15. Total eye space
occupies sixteen thirty-firsts of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME:
ALE : PME : PLE=19 : 12 : 2:12. AME practically contiguous,
separated from ALE by about one tenth of their diameter. Middle eyes
closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of 11 : 15. Height of clypeus equal
to seven nineteenths of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only
with several light colored bristles but with no white hair. All anterior
eyes with rust-red hair above, elsewhere surrounded with white hair.

Chelicerae. Vertical, essentially parallel, mildly excavated in front
distally (degree of excavation varies greatly in different individuals) ;
moderately robust, basal segment .75 mm. long; fang fairly robust,
short, evenly curved. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth of
moderate size, and a single stout retromarginal tooth.

Mazillae. Parallel, fairly robust, longer than wide in middle in
ratio of 25 : 11; palp inserted into basal half; outer distal angle pro-
duced into a low blunt tubercle.

Lip. Only slightly longer than wide, basal excavations reach nearly
one third of its length, reaches nearly three quarters the length of the
maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Generally scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of 33 : 29,
widest between second coxae, but nearly as wide between first coxae,
posterior end bluntly rounded and not extended between fourth coxae
which are almost contiguous.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 13.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 155

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.22 64 83 70 .50 3.89
D4, 1.08 OT 65 - 70 48 3.48
3. 1.28 52 M7 1.02 51 4.10
4. 1.30 OT .96 1.08 52 4.43
Palp 58 a2) .26 — 64 1.73

First leg with a mildly developed ventral fringe of black hair beginning
at extreme distal end of femur and extending to the metatarsus;
second leg with barest vestiges of a similar fringe.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral
distal 1; patella only prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal
1-0-0, prolateral 1-1-1(offset ventrally)—1, retrolateral 0-1-1 (offset
ventrally), ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1,
ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur as in first except retrolateral distal 2;
patella as in first; tibia dorsal and ventral as in first, prolateral 1—1 (off-
set dorsally)-1, retrolateral 0-1-0; metatarsus as in first. Third leg:
femur dorsal 0-1—-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral only distal 2; patella
only prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral
and retrolateral 1-1(offset dorsally)-1, ventral 0-lp-—2. Fourth leg:
femur and patella as in third; tibia probably as in third; metatarsus
only prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 0-lp-lp. First and
second femora, patellae, and tibiae with much iridescence.

Palp. Femur curved prolaterally but not swollen; with a white
fringe on retrolateral surface and a prominent erect white crest of
hairs along distal two thirds of dorsal surface, a small tuft of shorter
black hairs at distal end of prolateral surface. Similar fringes, less well
developed, extend throughout patella, tibia, and tarsus. Both patella
and tibia short and nearly of equal length. Retrolateral tibial apophysis
a stout, somewhat flattened process nearly as broad at its somewhat
serrated distal end as at its base. Bulb somewhat swollen, with a
proximal extension which greatly overlaps the tibia. The embolus is in
reality a closely twisted short spiral and not a series of serrations as
shown in the drawings of the holotype palp (Figs. 139-140).

Abdomen. Elongate ovoid, rather small and slender, longer than
wide in ratio of 35 : 17, widest about two fifths of its length from
base; anal tubercle a fairly prominent cone; all spinnerets slender and
of nearly equal length; position of colulus indicated by a small tuft of
dark hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, without spiracular
tubercle.

156 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Color in alcohol. Carapace generally a mahogany brown, eyes on
black spots, white hairs thinly dispersed over nearly entire region,
rust-red hairs dorsal to anterior eyes, a narrow light colored streak
from thoracic groove to beginning of steep posterior declivity. First
and second legs generally dark brown with a light dorsal stripe, tarsi
yellowish white. Third and fourth legs generally yellowish white with
retrolateral dark stripes. Abdomen: with a central basal sagittate
stripe extending about half the length of the region and lying within a
yellowish white central stripe which contains very faint dark chevrons
behind the sagittate stripe; on each side of this central area is a fairly
broad dark stripe; dorsolaterally on each side is a narrow dark stripe
extending from base about three fourths the length of the abdomen;
lateral sides yellowish white; venter a deep black containing four
longitudinal rows of yellowish dots; spinnerets all black. Much varia-
tion in the coloration has been noted among the males.

Female allotype. Total length 4.03 mm. Carapace 1.73 mm. long,
1.21 mm. wide at level of PLE, which occupy almost the full width of
carapace at that level, .96 mm. tall, and therefore, about four fifths as
tall as wide; general form essentially as in male but its features are
subdued.

Eyes. Anterior row not directed downward as in male. Seen from
in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal borders of AME are
almost level with those of ALE. Anterior row only slightly wider than
posterior row and middle row. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long
in ratio of 19 : 12. Total eye space occupies fourteen twenty-sevenths
of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE=
17:11 :2:10. AME almost contiguous, separated from ALE by
about one twelfth of their diameter. Middle eyes only slightly closer
to PLE than to ALE. Height of clypeus uncertain due to presence of
thick white hair but probably about five seventeenths of the diameter
of AME. Clypeus decorated by a mat of white hairs.

Chelicerae. Parallel, of moderate size, .60 mm. long in basal seg-
ment. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Mazillae and Lip. Essentially as in male except the former has no
tubercle at outer distal corner.

Sternum. Scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 16 : 13, widest
opposite second coxae, only slightly narrower between first coxae;
posterior end blunt and not extended between fourth coxae which are
separated by two thirds of their width.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 21, of fourth leg 15.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 157

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 84 38 56 Ol 33 2.62
2. 15 42 46 45 32 2.40
3. BO 38 08 15 38 3.06
4. 1.00 40 76 83 39 3.38

Legs without fringes. The palp has a fringe very similar to that of the
male, even including the dorsal femoral crest of white hairs.

Spines. First leg: femur and patella as in male except retrolateral
patellar spine is lacking; tibia only prolateral 0-1—1-0, retrolateral
0-1-0, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1.
ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first leg of male;
tibia prolateral 1-1-0, retrolateral 0-1-0, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus as
in first. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2, retrolateral
distal 1; patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral and
retrolateral Q-1-1, ventral 0-lp-2; metatarsus prolateral and re-
trolateral 1-2, ventral 1p-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, pro-
lateral distal 1, retrolateral distal 2; patella as in third; tibia prolateral
and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 0-1p—2(lacking on right side) ; metatar-
sus prolateral 1-1-2, retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 0-1p-2.

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 37 : 22, widest near
middle. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Epigynum. A simple plate showing two relatively large spermathe-
cae close to the posterior border and contiguous to one another; two
circular, strongly chitinized areas lie just anterior to the spermathecae
(Figs. 141-142).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: eyes on black spots; interocular area a
light brownish; from thoracic groove a definite central light stripe
extends to about the middle of the steep declivity ; dorsolateral regions
from ALE to posterior border a mahogany brown like that of male;
from clypeus to posterior lateral angle there extends on each side a
fairly broad yellowish white stripe; a narrow dark marginal line com-
pletes the pattern in this part of body. All legs yellowish white with a
few dark spots. Abdomen: dorsally and laterally seven stripes appear
as follows: a fairly broad central light stripe; on each side of this is a
fairly broad dark brown stripe, then a narrower and shorter yellowish
white stripe and, lastly, a narrow lateral black stripe. All four dark
stripes unite at base of abdomen; venter yellowish white with two
narrow broken black stripes; spinnerets all black.

Type locahity. Male hypotype and female allotype from Canal
Zone Biological Area, Aug., 1939. Numerous males and females from

158 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

the following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June—July, 1934;
June-Aug., 1939; Balboa, C. Z., Aug.,-19386; C. Z. Forest Reserve,
C. Z., Aug., 1936, 1939; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Arraijan, R. P.,
Aug., 1936.

CoRYTHALIA SPIRALIS (F. Cambridge), 1901
Figures 143-144

Sidusa spiralis F. Cambridge, 1901
. spiralis Simon, 1903

. spiralis Petrunkevitch, 1911

. spiralis Petrunkevitch, 1925

. spiralis Banks, 1929

. murcida Banks, 1929

DQ

F. Cambridge had only males. Mr. Banks found males common in
several places in the Canal Zone visited by him in 1924. He also found
a female which he identified as C. murcida (F. Cambridge), but I
believe it to be a female of C. spiralis (F. Cambridge). The male has
marked features to aid in its identification: the white marks are easily
rubbed off and their absence may cause confusion if much reliance is
placed upon them; the first three pairs of legs are heavily fringed; the
third tibia and third metatarsus are strongly iridescent, bluish or
purplish, and bevelled dorsally and laterally so that sharp ridges or
carinae are formed; this is also true of the first and second legs but to a
lesser degree; the embolus is strongly spiraloid with almost two full
turns; the retrolateral tibial apophysis is long, slender, and usually
divergent.

Female allotype. Total length 6.02 mm. Carapace 3.20 mm. long,
2.18 mm. wide, 1.46 mm. tall and, therefore, almost exactly two thirds
as tall as wide; PLE occupy eighty-seven one hundredths of width of
carapace at their level; with numerous long black bristles in vicinity
of eyes but with no tufts, shorter bristles in interocular area, much
shorter procumbent black hair and many dark scale-like hairs; a shal-
low depression between PLE; a short median longitudinal thoracic
groove at posterior border of median depression; with the usual general
form of the genus.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a line tangent to dorsal borders
of AME cuts off about one seventh of diameter of ALE. Posterior row
slightly wider than anterior row. Middle row almost as wide as anterior
row. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 29 : 18. Total
eye space occupies eight nineteenths of length of carapace. Ratio of

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 159

eyes AME: ALE : PME: PLE=25 :14:4:14. AME separated
from one another by one tenth of their diameter, from ALE by four
twenty-fifths of their diameter. Middle eyes slightly closer to:PLE
than to ALE. Height of clypeus equal to nearly one half of the di-
ameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a fringe of loose white scales
and many bristles along its ventral margin, dorsal to fringe is a narrow
band of white scales, above the band are seven long stiff bristles, three
of these form a triangle in lower angle between AME and two more
stand on each side beneath AME, also scattered bristles elsewhere.

Chelicerae. Robust, vertical, just a little convergent; with scattered
white scales over basal half of front surface together with short weak
bristles and stiffer black ones along medial surface. Fang moderately
robust, short, evenly curved. Fang groove with the usual soft pro-
marginal ridge bearing twelve black bristles and beyond the ridge a
single simple tooth; the retromargin bears a small, single, simple, very
slender tooth.

Mazillae. Moderately convergent; only slightly concave along
outer margin; considerably dilated distally ; longer than wide in middle
in ratio of about 9 : 5; outer distal angle very gradually rounded; with
well developed scopula along truncature; covered with numerous long
and short black bristles.

Inp. Almost as wide as long; with basal excavations reaching about
one third of its length; reaches about four sevenths of length of maxil-
lae; nearly triangular from distal ends of excavations; distal end only
one third as wide as base; with many long and short bristles. Sternal
suture straight.

Sternum. Generally scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of about
7 : 5, widest between second coxae, nearly as wide between first coxae;
posterior end blunt and not extended between fourth coxae which are
separated by one sixth of the width.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 30, of fourth leg 21.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
iL 1.60 1.02 .90 83 51 4.86
2. 1.54 89 85 82 45 4.55
3. 1.79 ~.89 1.00 ILA OT 5.46
4, 1.92 89 1.18 1.34 56 5.89

All legs hairy, but with no definite fringes.
Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O0--1-1-1, prolateral distal 2,
retrolateral distal 1; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral

160 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

147

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 139-140. Corythalia serrapophysis, male palp, ventral view and tibial
apophysis, retrolateral view.

Figs. 141-142. C. serrapophysis, epigynum, ventral view, and dissected,
viewed from within.

Figs. 1438-144. Corythalia spiralis, epigynum, ventral view, and dissected,
viewed from within.

Fig. 145. Freya arraijanica Chickering,; male cheliceral teeth.

Figs. 146-147. F. arraijanica Chickering; male palp, ventral view, and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

Fig. 148. F. arraijanica Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 161

1-2, ventral 2-1r—-2; metatarsus only prolateral and retrolateral 1-1,
ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first except femur
retrolateral distal 2; tibia prolateral 1-1-1, retrolateral 0-1, ventral
1r—-Ir—-2; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur as in second; patella
prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal 1-0, prolateral and retro-
lateral 1-1-1, ventral 0; metatarsus dorsal 1-0, prolateral 1-1-2, retro-
lateral 1-2, ventral 0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in third |
except femur prolateral distal 1; tibia as in third; metatarsus only pro-
lateral 1-1-2, retrolateral 1-2-2 on left, 1-1-2 on right, ventral 0-2-2.

Abdomen. Broadly ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 11 : 8, widest
in middle; anal tubercle a very short broad cone; anterior spinnerets
most robust and contiguous, middle and posterior pairs about equally
slender, middle spinnerets as long as anteriors and longer than pos-
teriors which are spread out so as to expose the middle pair to view
from above. Position of colulus indicated by a small group of short
black bristles. Tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets.

Epigynum. Follows the general pattern for Corythalia; circular
areas separated for a considerable distance by a transparent septum
which is very easily overlooked; circular areas each with a small oval
depression near anterior border and a larger oval body near medial
side of each (position of this body varies somewhat in different speci-
mens); two somewhat pyriform spermathecae lie anterior to circular
areas and twomore elongated sacs appear near outer borders of epigynal
plate; dissection shows that these internal parts are approximately
like that which is seen externally, and that in addition there are
several complicated chitinized ductules (Figs. 143-144).

Color in alcohol. Chelicerae reddish brown, except the yellowish
white in region of fang groove. Palps: femora yellowish streaked with
gray, distal ends covered with white scales; patellae also covered
dorsally with white scales; tibia yellowish with white and black hairs;
tarsus reddish brown with much mixed black and light gray hair.
Legs: brown with many variations; many white scales especially distal
ends of first femora and proximal ends of all other femora. Carapace:
generally brown; black around eyes and very dark in interocular area
with light colored scales; a small white spot between PME and PLE;
another small white spot behind and medial to PLE; a small median
white spot at beginning of posterior declivity (divided in some para-
types); a broad marginal stripe from opposite PME to posterolateral
corner. Sternum light brown with gray dots. Abdomen with a very
beautiful color pattern: a black basal spot followed by a narrow irreg-
ular white band which continues as a lateral stripe on each side as far

162 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

as middle; then a nearly black, broad, somewhat oblique band which
also continues to lateral sides; then a short chestnut brown bar followed
by a narrow white band nearly divided in middle; then another chest-
nut brown bar broad in the middle, continuous with a shorter chestnut
brown bar and separated from it except in the middle by a pair of short
narrow white bars; venter generally yellowish with a broad, central,
dark, somewhat U-shaped mark.

Type locality. Female allotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
Aug., 1939. Paratype females and males from the following localities:
Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June—-Aug., 1936;
July—Sept., 1939; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; El Valle, R. P., July,
1936; Ft. Randolph, C. Z., Aug., 1936; France Field, C. Z., Aug., 1939;
Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

CoRYTHALIA SPIRORBIS (F. Cambridge), 1901

Sidusa spirorbis F. Cambridge, 1901
C. spirorbis Simon, 1903

C. spirorbis Petrunkevitch, 1911

C. sptrorbis Petrunkevitch, 1925

F. Cambridge had only the male of this species in which fringes are
restricted to the first pair of legs. The female remains unknown, and,
so far as I know, nobody has collected the species since the original
specimens were found and studied.

CoRYTHALIA SULPHUREA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Sidusa sulphurea F. Cambridge, 1901

C. sulphurea Simon, 1903

S. sulphurea Banks, 1909

C. sulphurea Petrunkevitch, 1911

C. sulphurea Petrunkevitch, 1925

C. conformans Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936

Professor Petrunkevitch (’25) has carefully described both sexes of
this species, but is somewhat puzzled as to its proper position in the
system of Salticidae. The uncertainty concerning its relationships to
Corythalia and related genera still remains. The male palp has the
following important features: femur and patella covered with a thick
coat of yellowish white scale-like hairs; tibia yellowish but devoid of
yellowish white hairs; tibial apophysis long and slender; embolus makes
only about a half a turn of a spiral. The epigynum has two circular

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 163

areas almost in contact medially and more than a full diameter re-
moved from the genital groove; there are two spermathecae visible
externally and each is somewhat larger than the corresponding half of
the epigynal plate; dissection of the epigynum reveals that there are
only two spermathecae internally. There are no fringes on the legs
of either sex. The only conspicuous color feature on the carapace is
the large yellowish white patch on the posterolateral corner on each
side; the abdomen has a broad basal yellowish white bar narrowed in
the middle, just behind the middle is a narrow dorsolateral bar some-
what recurved on each side, and still farther back a small somewhat
elongated spot on each side. I have the species from the following
localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June—Aug.,
1936; July—Aug., 1939; Balboa, C. Z., Aug., 1936; El Valle, R. P.,
July, 1936; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Madden Dam region, C. Z.,
Aug., 1939.

CoryYTHALIA VoLUTA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Sidusa voluta F. Cambridge, 1901
C. voluta Simon, 1903

C. voluta Petrunkevitch, 1911

C. voluta Petrunkevitch, 1925

I have three females from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939, which I believe
to belong to this species. The epigynum is very distinctive among all
of the Corythaliae I have seen from Panama. One of my females should
be described as the hypotype. Males are still unknown.

Genus Freya C. Koch, 1850

Petrunkevitch (25) listed ten species of the genus Freya known
from Panama at the time of publication of his paper. F. distincta
Petrunkevitch is now regarded as a synonym of F. grisea (F. Cam-
bridge). Freya bilobata (F. Cambridge) is transferred to the genus
Phiale. Banks (’29) identified seven species from the vicinity of the
Canal Zone. These included two new species: F. frontalis Banks and
F. justina Banks. Mr. Banks identified a female as F. flava (F. Cam-
bridge), but I consider it as a Phiale and the same as I have described
as a new species. The male which he identified as F. rustica (Peck-
ham) is F. demarcata Chamberlin and Ivie. Chamberlin and Ivie
(36) described five new species of Freya from my collection of 1928.
F. serrapophysis C. and I. has been transferred to the genus Cory-

164 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

thalia. F. nannispina is believed to be a synonym of Phiale dybowskii
(Taczanowski) and is so treated in this paper. F. uncinella C. and I.
is believed to be a synonym of F. bifurcata (F. Cambridge) and #.
sagittifer C. and I. is regarded as the female of F. frontalis Banks. In
my study of the genus Freya from Panama I have been compelled to
recognize and describe three new species. Including these additions to
the list of known species of the genus from Panama and with the
changes in synonymy which have been pointed out we may list the
sixteen known species as follows: F. albosignata (F. Cambridge), F.
arraijanica sp. nov., F. bicavata (F. Cambridge), F. bifida (F. Cam-
bridge), F. bifurcata (F. Cambridge), F. bulbosa (F. Cambridge), F.
demarcata Chamberlin and Ivie, F. frontalis Banks, F. grisea (F.
Cambridge), F. infuscata (F. Cambridge), F. justina Banks, F. longis-
pina (F. Cambridge), F. minuta (F. Cambridge), F. petrunkevitchi
sp. nov., F. prominens (F. Cambridge), F. striata sp. nov. I have in
my collection all of the above named species except the following: F.
bicavata, F. bifida, and F. minuta.

Key to the species of Freya from Panama
Males

1. Carapace with no white stripes or definite spots; clypeus with a sparse
covering of long white hair continued over base of chelicerae. Palp:
embolus extends along prolateral side of bulb as part of a flat broad band,
distally divided into a short prolateral hook and a broader longer terminal
part; tibial retrolateral apophysis short, broad at base, with a pointed tip

turned almost directly toward base of tarsus...... F. arraijanica, (p. 170)
1. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 2
2. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s work) Carapace with a broad white marginal
stripe on each side which includes clypeus. Palp: bulb with a stout con-
cavo-convex process in anterior third; tibial retrolateral apophysis a
broad: ridge) tS SEP Ee I EERO ee F. bifida, (p. 173)
2. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 3

8. Carapace with a broad white marginal stripe on each side including the
clypeus, also with a fairly broad white band between ALE, and a median
white stripe from between PLE nearly to posterior border. Palp: tarsal
distal spine bifurcated distally to form two slender tips, the medial of
which is much the shorter; tibial retrolateral apophysis a long, fairly
stout, somewhat divergent spur slightly hooked terminally..............

F. bifurcata, (p. 174)

3. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 4

4. Carapace with broad white marginal stripe on each side from posterolateral
corner to AME and continued across the clypeus, also a central narrow

le)

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA ~ 165

white stripe between PLE to steep posterior declivity, and a white spot
between PME and PLE on each side. Palp: with a transversely swollen
bulb; with a long, slender, gently sinuous embolus springing from the pro-
jateral side of bulb near distal end; tibial retrolateral apophysis a short
Spurroundedidistallye nee a es ene eas ene ae F. bulbosa, (p. 174)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 5
. Carapace with a broad white marginal stripe on each side from postero-

lateral angle to AME including clypeus, also a white central spot behind
AME and a small white spot on each side between PME and PLE; base
of chelicerae also covered with fairly dense white hair. Palp: with a very
stout spiraloid distal tarsal spine; tibia deeply excavate ventrally and with
a short beak-like retrolateral distal apophysis.....F. demarcata, (p. 177)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 6
. Carapace with a broad white marginal stripe on each side from postero-

lateral angle to opposite PLE, also a large white median spot behind AME
narrowly connected with a short white stripe between PLE. Clypeus with
a moderate supply of long white hair which extends over bases of chelicerae.
Palp: with a narrow swollen constricted bulb, a long slender embolus arising
near base of bulb and swinging prolaterally in a wide arc; retrolateral
tibial apophysis a stout spur of moderate length....F. frontalis, (p. 181)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 7
. Carapace with a short broad white marginal stripe from posterolateral

angle on each side to opposite PLE. Chelicerae with a rich growth of white
hair over basal two thirds. Palp: embolus arises on prolateral side of bulb,
passes forward somewhat obliquely as a moderately slender spine of
moderate length; tibia bilobed distally, with a short stout retrolateral
apophysis turned at a right angle toward bulb........ F. grisea, (p. 182)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 8
. Carapace with a broad white marginal stripe on each side from postero-

lateral angle to AME; with a few long white hairs on clypeus; a large
median white spot just behind AME and another somewhat diamond
shaped median white spot just behind PLE. Palp: with embolus encircling
bulb and curled nearly into a second small circle near distal border of this
organ; tibial retrolateral apophysis a short stout hook. .F. justina, (p. 182)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................- 9
. Carapace with a moderately broad white marginal stripe on each side to

AME, but not continuous across clypeus; also a white median spot (may
be divided) behind PME; also a median white stripe from just behind
PME nearly to posterior margin. Palp: bulb swollen, with small posterior
lobule; embolus a fairly stout, somewhat flattened spine, terminally very
slender, pointed and turned retrolaterally at tip; tibial retrolateral apo-
physis long, slender and divergent............... F. longispina, (p. 185)

. Not with combination of characters given above.................--. 10
. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s work) A small species. Carapace with a

white marginal stripe on each side including clypeus. Palp: bulb without

166 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

10.
11.

iL
12.

12.

—_

a definite spine but with a broad chitinized process at distal end; tibial
retrolateral apophysis a short broad process with a short hook..........

F. minuta, (p. 185)
Not with combination of characters given above..................:. 11
Carapace only with a light median stripe from thoracic furrow nearly to
posterior border; scattered white hairs over most of surface and a faint
white patch behind AME. Palp: bulb with a very small, sharply pointed
spine at distal end; tibia bilobed distally; tibial retrolateral apophysis a
stout spur constricted near base............. F. petrunkevitchi, (p. 185)
Not with combination of characters given above.................... 12
Carapace with a broad white marginal stripe along each side to AME;
clypeus devoid of white hairs, but bases of chelicerae well covered with
white hair; also a median white spot between ALE, and a larger, rather
poorly defined, median white spot behind PLE; Palp: bulb swollen,
obliquely elongated; embolus arises near base on retrolateral side, curves
around base and prolateral side of bulb and inserts into a tarsal recess
where its tip is attenuated and turned at a right angle; tibial retrolateral
apophysis a stout spur with a fairly long dorsal extension and a shorter
Ven tralione ane. eek ie arse Meee ie aia F.. prominens, (p. 188)
Carapace without lateral marginal stripes, but with a light central stripe
from between PLE to posterior border. Palp: bulb moderately swollen,
largely overlaps tibia; near middle on prolateral side arises tarsal spine,
moderately long, nearly straight and pointed; tibial retrolateral apophysis
a very short spur directed ventrally................ F. striata, (p. 188)

Females

. Carapace only with a short, somewhat sagittate, median stripe from

thoracic groove nearly to posterior border, elsewhere reddish brown;
clypeus only with a ventral fringe of white hairs. Epigynum: with a
moderately deep posterior marginal notch and a recess; with two deep con-
fluent depressions occupying anterior half of epigynal plate..............

F. albosignata, (p. 168)

. Not with combination of characters given above.....................- 2,
. Carapace reddish brown in interocular region, elsewhere generally lighter

brown, with a yellowish median stripe from thoracic groove to posterior
border; clypeus with a ventral fringe of white hairs. Epigynum: with a
moderately deep posterior marginal notch and a long recess; with a pair
of deep depressions occupying lateral sides of epigynal plate and nearly
twice the diameter of one of them apart......... F. arraijanica, (p. 170)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................-- 3
. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s work) Carapace generally reddish brown,

with a short median light colored stripe from thoracic groove nearly (or
quite) to posterior margin, much lighter in interocular region. Epigynum:
with a slightly notched posterior margin which bears a rounded prominence

or

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 167

(probably also with a recess beneath); with a pair of large reniform depres-
sions, convergent in front, occupying lateral parts of epigynal plate.......
F. bicavata, (p. 173)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 4
. Carapace; generally reddish brown; with a distinct sagittate white median

stripe from between PLE to posterior border; very narrow in middle of
posterior declivity; with many white hairs along lateral sides and in inter-
ocular area; clypeus with well developed ventral fringe of long white hairs.
Epigynum: with slight posterior marginal notch but with an obscure recess;
with a pair of small apertures on lateral sides of epigynal plate........

F. frontalis, (p. 181)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................-- 5
. Carapace: generally reddish brown; with a broad white lateral stripe on

each side from posterolateral corner to opposite PLE; a lighter area behind
PLE from which an obscure lighter median stripe extends nearly to posterior
border; clypeus with a poorly developed ventral fringe of white hairs. Epi-
gynum: with a well rounded posterior margin which bears a distinct central
prominence beneath which is a deep recess; with a pair of large reniform
depressions nearly transverse in position and confluent medially, each with
aucentraleanenture: swe eel ie el he Ne F. infuscata, (p. 182)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 6
. Carapace: generally light reddish brown; lateral sides white, somewhat

spotted with reddish brown; with a fairly broad white stripe from thoracic
groove to posterior border; clypeus with numerous long white hairs. Epigy-
num: with a deep posterior marginal notch and a fairly deep recess; anterior
half of epigynal plate occupied by a large central oval depression divided
byvarlowicentraliseptum ss. cine sess eos eae sae Cees F. justina, (p. 182)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 7
. Carapace: generally reddish brown, darker in ocular area; lateral sides from

posterolateral angle to opposite PLE with many loose white hairs making
an obscure stripe; lighter behind PLE with an obscure median stripe extend-
ing nearly to posterior border; clypeus with few white hairs. Epigynum:
without a posterior marginal notch; with a median marginal prominence
beneath which lies a deep recess; with a pair of rather small depressions in
anterior third of epigynal plate about twice the diameter of one of them
EVOVM HDS biol meee eer cs Micros ener alate hare Maree F.. prominens, (p. 188)

. A small species, from three to four mm. long. Carapace: generally light

brown; with only a central light stripe from thoracic groove to posterior
border; clypeus with very few white hairs. Epigynum: simple, obscure;
posterior margin without a median notch and with no visible recess; a pair
of shallow depressions occupy anterior half of epigynal plate, each contain-
ing what appears to be a small central aperture........ F. striata, (p. 188)

168 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

FREYA ALBOSIGNATA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene albosignata F. Cambridge, 1901
F. albosignata Petrunkevitch, 1911

Although all we have by which to identify this species is F. Cam-
bridge’s clear figure of the epigynum, a colored drawing of the spider
itself, and a few statements concerning spination I feel quite certain
of the correct identification. The male is not definitely known, but I
suspect that F. demarcata Chamberlin and Ivie belongs with these
females.

Female hypotype. Total length 7.80 mm. Carapace 3.20 mm. long,
2.34 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy a little less than the full
width of the carapace at their level, 1.79 mm. tall and, therefore,
slightly more than three fourths as tall as wide; PLE on low tubercle;
just median to and slightly in front of PME is also a low swelling; de-
pressed a little in the middle between PLE; with a fairly prominent
median longitudinal thoracic groove beginning opposite PLE.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders are all on the same level. Anterior row wider than posterior
row in ratio of 14 : 13. Posterior row wider than middle row in ratio
of 13 : 12. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 35 : 23.
Total eye space occupies seven twelfths of length of carapace. Ratio
of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE=34 : 20:5 :19. AME contigu-
ous and barely separated from ALE. Middle eyes closer to PLE than
to ALE in ratio of 15 : 22. Height of clypeus equal to about one fifth
of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with simple white hairs
along its ventral border except in middle where they are lacking; white
hairs also lacking beneath outer borders of AME; appressed white
hairs beneath ALE; three long bristles in a triangle in lower angle
between AME and two more bristles on each side beneath AME.

Chelicerae. Robust, very gibbous at base in front, parallel, basal
segment 1.11 mm. long. Fang moderately slender, evenly curved.
Fang groove with two promarginal teeth and a single simple retro-
marginal tooth.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2:1, palp inserted into basal two fifths, considerably dilated at distal
end, outer distal corner regularly rounded.

Iip. Longer than wide in ratio of about 23 : 20, basal excavations
reach about two fifths of length of organ, reaches slightly beyond
middle of maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Generally scutiform, quite convex, longer than wide in

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 169

ratio of about 29 : 19, widest between second coxae, very blunt at
posterior end and not extended between fourth coxae which are separ-
ated by only three twenty-fifths of their width.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 20, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.92 1.28 1.25 1.09 othe 6.31
DR. 1.79 1.15 1.08 95 .70 5.67
3. 2.30 1.15 1.28 1.54 82 7.09
4, 2.24 le? 1.41 1.60 84 Collil

First leg considerably the stoutest. All legs with a moderate amount
of hair but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2;
patella 0; tibia only prolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only
ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only pro-
lateral 1-0-1, ventral 1r—2-2; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur
as in first except retrolateral distal 1; patella only prolateral 0-1-0 and
retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal 0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1,
ventral O-lp-2; metatarsus dorsal 0-lr-2, prolateral 1-1-1, retro-
lateral 1-0-1, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: femur only dorsal as in first
and retrolateral distal 1; patella and tibia as in third; metatarsus as in
third except retrolateral 1-1-1 and ventral 1p—2. Palpal spines: femur
dorsal distal 1, short, erect.

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of 68 :37, widest about one
third from base from which place it tapers nearly to a point at posterior
end; anal tubercle a short broad cone covered with whitish hairs; spin-
nerets of moderate length, all rather slender, posterior pair spread so
that middle pair is clearly exposed to view. ‘Position of colulus indi-
cated by a tuft of dark bristles. Tracheal spiracle near base of spin-
nerets and not guarded by a tubercle.

Epigynum. Cambridge’s Fig. 16a, Tab. 19 is a good drawing of this
organ. The large transverse cavity has two secondary cavities which
open into internal tubules; these were shown in the drawing but not
referred to in the text.

Color in alcohol. Palp: yellowish white ventrally except tarsus which
is reddish brown; dorsally patella is light gray and tibia is streaked
with brown in proximal half. Chelicerae rich reddish brown. Maxillae
and lip lighter with yellowish white tips. Sternum light yellowish.
Legs: all coxae light yellowish; first legs elsewhere generally dark red-
dish brown, femur light ventrally in proximal half and dorsally light

170 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

throughout with a narrow central dark stripe which continues through
proximal half of patella, tibia also with lighter dorsal stripe and ven-
trally light on distal half, metatarsus and tarsus progressively lighter
toward tip; second legs almost unicolorous light amber; third and
fourth legs like the second with a few faint dark annulations and spots.
Carapace: generally dark reddish brown with eyes on black spots; a
small patch of loose white scales between PME and PLE; numerous
long black bristles around eyes; white hairs around eyes of anterior
row and a few white hairs between ALE; also a few white hairs in cheek
region below ALE and PME together with a few dull reddish hairs
around region of ALE to PLE; a median light yellowish stripe overlaid
with loose white hairs beginning at anterior end of thoracic groove,
rapidly widening to beginning of steep posterior declivity where it
narrows and terminates before receching middle of posterior border.
Abdomen: a dark brown basal spot is followed by a broad light yellow-
ish basal band which continues laterally but is there broken into irreg-
ular oblique bars shown in Cambridge’s Fig. 16; a narrow median
dorsal indented stripe extends from the basal yellowish band to anal
tubercle; regions lateral to the central white stripe are made up of
brownish stripes more or less broken into spots; on the hypotype and
on most other females there is a pair of nearly black spots just where
the brownish stripes begin and another pair of black spots about two
thirds back from base; lateral sides with narrow broken yellowish
stripes alternating with broader nearly black broken stripes; venter
with a broad nearly black central stripe narrowed somewhat at pos-
terior end; in many specimens the stripe is broken into small black
spots irregularly distributed over the whole region.

Type locality. Female hypotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
Aug., 1939. Appears to be a very common species throughout the
region of the Canal Zone where I have collected it in the following
localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June—Aug.,
1936; June-Aug., 1939; C. Z. Forest Reserve and Madden Dam
region, July—Aug., 1939; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936.

FREYA ARRAIJANICA spec. nov.
Figures 145-148

Male holotype. Total length 8.51 mm. Carapace 4.10 mm. long,
3.13 mm. wide a little behind PLE where it is widest; generally robust
and well rounded along lateral sides; PLE occupy forty forty-sevenths

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA Al

of width of carapace at that level; 2.05 mm. tall and, therefore, about
two thirds as tall as wide; posterior declivity quite gradual from PLE
to posterior border; with a short median longitudinal thoracic groove
between PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tang-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one fifth of the diameter
of ALE. Anterior row definitely directed downward. Anterior row
only slightly wider than posterior row, wider than middle row in ratio
of 41 : 35. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 41 : 28.
Total eye space occupies thirty-five sixty-firsts of length of carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME: ALE : PME: PLE=13:7:2:6.5. AME
separated from one another by one thirteenth of their diameter, from
ALE by about one eighth of their diameter. Middle eyes only slightly
closer to PLE than to ALE. Height of clypeus equal to about one
third of diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a sparse covering
of long white hair mingled with the sparse white hair covering base of
chelicerae.

Chelicerae. Fairly robust, vertical, parallel; with basal segment 1.40
mm. long; anterior surface rugulose and covered with a sparse growth
of long white hair and swollen obliquely into a broad ridge from inner
proximal angle toward outer distal angle, but it disappears about one
third of the distance to the border. Fang moderately stout and evenly
curved. Fang groove with two low promarginal teeth far apart; with
a single small retromarginal tooth and a low blade-like ridge which
extends somewhat obliquely across the groove from the larger pro-
_ marginal tooth toward the base of fang (Fig. 145).

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of 17 : 8,
outer border more deeply notched than usual, but without a tubercle
at outer distal angle, a well developed scopula along truncature.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of 33 : 30, basal excavations incon-
spicuous, reach about one third length of organ, reaches well beyond
middle of maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of 4 : 3.
posterior two thirds quite convex, with numerous slender bristles,
widest between second coxae, posterior end blunt and not extended
between fourth coxae which are only separated by about one tenth of
their width.

Legs. 1482. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 15.

2 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
Femora Patellae — Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

i DATS 1.66 2.11 1.66 1.08 9.26
2. 2.43 1.34 1.54 1.28 .96 7.55
3. 2.56 1.34 1.41 1.92 1.08 8.31
4, Seb 5 5) 1.15 1.78 2.24 1.08 9.00
Palp 1.21 49 45 a 1.02 3.17

All legs with a fairly good covering of hair. First pair with a well
developed ventral fringe beginning at distal end of femur along retro-
margin and extending throughout metatarsus.. Second pair like the
first but with fringe reduced.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-1—-1-1 and prolateral distal 2;
patella only prolateral O-1(small)-0; tibia only prolateral 1-0-0,
ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only ventral 2—2(almost lateral). Second
leg: femur as in first except retrolateral 0-1-1; patella as in first; tibia
as in first except prolateral 1-1-0; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1,
ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral 0-1-2, retro-
lateral only distal 1; patella only prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0;
tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral 1-1-1, retrolateral 1-1-1-0, ventral
0-1p-2; metatarsus prolateral 1-2, retrolateral 1—1 (offset dorsally)-2,
ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: femur, patella and tibia as in third; meta-
tarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-2. Palpal spines:
femur dorsal 0-1-1—1, elsewhere 0.

Palp. No special modifications except in tibia and tarsus. Patella
and tibia nearly equal in length. Tarsus with a moderately swollen
bulb. Embolus arises in a thick membranous process near base on pro-
lateral side and extends anteriorly curving medially and dividing into
a short prolateral hook and a somewhat longer portion which extends
toward distal end of tarsus (Fig. 146). The tibial apophysis is short,
stout at base, sharply pointed and turned almost directly toward base
of tarsus much as in F’. grisea (F. Cambridge).

Abdomen. Elongate ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 34 : 20,
widest about one third from base; with two pairs of sigilla making a
quadrilateral figure wider behind than in front in ratio of about 16 :
13; well covered with light brownish hairs and numerous long slender
bristles. Anal tubercle a short, blunt, yellowish white cone. All
spinnerets rather slender, anterior pair somewhat the stoutest, poste-
rior pair slightly the longest and spread so as to expose to view the
middle pair which are the slenderest and a little the shortest. Position
of colulus indicated by a small tuft of dark stiff hairs. Tracheal spir-
acle near base of spinnerets, obscured by whitish hairs.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 173

Color in alcohol. Carapace a rich reddish brown with eyes on black
spots, darker near ventral margin, with curved black lines on posterior
declivity, with a few white hairs over surface generally, and a few rust-
red hairs around eyes; with no white stripes or definite spots. All legs
dark brownish with lighter dorsal surfaces, first two pairs the darkest.
Chelicerae a rich reddish brown. Maxillae and lip a deep amber color
with yellowish tips. Sternum an amber color. Abdomen: generally
light brownish; with an obscure central lighter stripe enclosing chev-
rons posteriorly; an indefinite light grayish spot at base which contin-
ues for some distance dorsolaterally; lateral to the central lighter
stripe is a brownish indefinite stripe much spotted with yellowish
dots; venter very dark brown, bordered by rows of irregular yellowish
dots and enclosing a pair of rows of yellowish dots near the center;
basal third of anterior spinnerets yellowish, remainder black.

Female allotype. Two females have been found which match well
with the single male. These were not recognized until so late in the
preparation of this paper that a complete description could not well
be included. Some important characters have been mentioned in the
key and a drawing of the epigynum has been included (Fig. 148).

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype from Arraijan,
R. P., Aug., 1936. One female paratype.

FRreEYA BICAVATA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene bicavata F. Cambridge, 1901
F. bicavata Petrunkevitch, 1911
_F. bicavata Petrunkevitch, 1925

This species has not yet appeared in my collection and, so far as I
know, it has not been taken since the original collections studied by
F. Cambridge who had only the female.

; Freya BIFIDA (F. Cambridge), 1901
Cyrene bifida F. Cambridge, 1901
F. bifida Simon, 1903
F. bifida Petrunkevitch, 1911
F. bifida Petrunkevitch, 1925

This is another species which has not yet appeared in my collections.
It is rare in collections and probably has not been taken since the col-
lections were made which F. Cambridge studied.

174 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

FREYA BIFURCATA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene bifurcata F. Cambridge, 1901

F. bifurcata Simon, 1903

F. bifurcata Petrunkevitch, 1911

F. bifurcata Petrunkevitch, 1925

F. bifurcata Banks, 1929

F. uncinella Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936

Professor Petrunkevitch has given a carefully detailed description
of the male of the species (’25) together with good figures of the male
palpus. The female is still unknown. I have the species in my collec-
tion from the following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June—
July, 1934; July—Aug., 1939; El Valle, R. P,. July, 1936; Ft. Randolph,
C. Z., Aug., 1936; C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z., July—Aug., 1939;
France Field, C. Z., Aug., 1939; Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

FREYA BULBOSA (F. Cambridge), 1901
Figures 149-150

Cyrene bulbosa F. Cambridge, 1901
F. bulbosa Petrunkevitch, 1911
F. bulbosa Petrunkevitch, 1925

This species was established on the basis of a single much-rubbed
male specimen in which the abdomen had been destroyed. Its palpal
features are so distinctive that its identification seems certain, however.

Male hypotype. Total length 6.21 mm. Carapace 3.07 mm. long, 2.23
mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy nine elevenths
of the full width of carapace at that level, 1.47 mm. tall and, therefore,
almost two thirds as tall as wide; cephalic part rises gradually to PLE
and then very gradually declines to steep posterior declivity which
begins about three fifths of distance from PLE to posterior border; in-
terocular area nearly flat, PLE and PME only slightly raised; only a
slight median depression behind PLE; a short median longitudinal
thoracic groove begins well behind a line tangent to posterior border
of PLE; covered with a copious supply of black procumbent hair
except where the white spots and stripes occur.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of all are on the same level. Anterior row wider than posterior
row in ratio of 27 : 25. Anterior row wider than middle row in ratio
of 27 : 23. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 27 : 19.
Total eye space occupies eleven twenty-thirds of length of carapace.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 175

Ratio of eyes AME: ALE: PME:PLE 27:14:4:12. AME
separated from one another by one twenty-fifth of their diameter, from
ALE by about the same distance. Middle eyes very little closer to PLE
than to ALE. Height of clypeus equal to nearly one third of diameter
of AME. Clypeus decorated with simple white hairs which converge
toward middle line and overlap there; three long bristles in lower
angle between AME; a group of probably four long bristles beneath
each AME convergent toward center; region beneath ALE also covered
with appressed white hair, the continuation of the lateral stripes.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, fairly robust; with basal segment .96
mm. long; slightly gibbous in front; with few long whitish hairs near
base and near medial line. Fang short, moderately robust, evenly
curved. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth, the more medial
one small; retromargin with a single, simple, fairly robust tooth.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of 3 : 1,
deeply notched along outer border, notch with a distal border which
ends in a blunt hook (Fig. 149), not much broadened not dilated dis-
tally.

Iip. Shghtly longer than wide; excavations reach one third of its
length, reaches to about middle of maxillae. Sternal suture gently
procurved.

Sternum. Generally scutiform, widest between intervals separating
second and third coxae, longer than wide in ratio of nearly 10 : 7,
quite convex, thickly covered with whitish hair and colorless bristles;
posterior end broad and blunt, not extended between fourth coxae
which are separated by only one eleventh of their width.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)

I 1.60 96 1.28 1.09 65 5.58
2. 1.60 .96 1.15 .96 64 5.31
3. 2.05 89 1.28 1.60 76 6.58
4. 1.92 83 1.54 1.86 00 6.92
Palp .90 38 .29 = 1.05 2.62

All coxae about equal in size. No fringes on any legs.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral distal 2; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral and
retrolateral 1-0-1-0, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only prolateral and
retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as

176 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

in first except patella retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia same as in first except
ventral 1r—2—2; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur and patella as
in second; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral and retrolateral i-1-1, vent-
ral lp-O-2; metatarsus only prolateral 1-0-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ven-
tral 0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in third; tibia as in third
except ventral 2-0-2; metatarsus as in third. Palpal spines: hypotype
shows femoral dorsal spines 1-1-1, but some males show as many
as five; most common number seems to be four.

Palp. Femur swollen dorsally and covered with a conspicuous white
dorsal crest which continues dorsally over the patella less conspicu-
ously; patella and tibia both short, the latter so lobed it is difficult to
compare its length with that of the former; tibia with two processes, a
prolateral, blunt, lightly chitinized process and a retrolateral, heavily
chitinized apophysis, the two fitting on either side of a process from
the cymbium (Fig. 150); bulb distinctly bilobed and massive, one lobe
is much swollen and extends obliquely across from retrolateral to pro-
lateral side, the other passes along retrolateral side from base to tip;
embolus rises from tip of oblique lobe and passes as a long slender
‘spine to tip of cymbium (Cambridge’s Fig. 16b, Tab. 18). Tibia with
whitish hairs.

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 12 : 7, widest about
two fifths from base, four dorsal sigilla make a quadrilateral figure
wider behind than in front in ratio of 3 : 2, anal tubercle a short broad
cone; spinnerets of moderate length, anterior pair most robust, poste-
rior pair only a little slenderer, and middle pair slenderest of all and
nearly hidden by others. Position of colulus indicated by a tuft of black
bristles. Tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. Palp as already described. Chelicerae dark reddish
brown. Maxillae and lip brown streaked with darker brown, with
whitish tips. Legs: coxae reddish brown streaked with darker brown;
other segments reddish brown spotted and streaked with darker brown
and with femora, patellae, tibiae, and, to some extent, metatarsi either
completely or incompletely ringed broadly with loose white appressed
hairs. Carapace: dark reddish brown with eyes on black spots; a cen-
tral narrow white stripe from between PLE to beginning of posterior
declivity; a white spot between PME and PLE; a broad marginal
white stripe from posterolateral corner to AME. Abdomen: ground
color dark brown but this is overlaid by dull greenish yellow and whitish
hair as follows: whitish at base and this is continued as a lateral stripe
on each side to anal tubercle; a narrow central whitish stripe which
may or may not continue to anal tubercle; regions between lateral and

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA ed.

central whitish stripes are greenish yellow; when viewed dorsally,
therefore, in well marked specimens there are five stripes visible, three
whitish and two greenish yellow; venter almost black, central region
bounded by two rows of small yellowish dots, extending through center
overlying the dark ground color is a loose covering of whitish hairs and,
in well colored specimens, making a central whitish stripe.

Type locality. Male hypotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1936; other males from the same locality, June-July, 1934;
June-Aug., 1936; Aug., 1939; Jan.—Feb. ,1940 (Zetek); El Valle, R. P.,
July, 1936; Arraijan, R. P., Aug., 1936.

FREYA DEMARCATA Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936
Figures 151-153

Mr. Banks (’29) had one male from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1924, which he identified as F. rustica (Peckham). The latter
species has not been found in Panama. It is strongly suspected that
this species is the male of F. albosignata (F. Cambridge).

Male hypotype. Total length 6.32 mm. Carapace 3.20 mm. long,
2.22 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy almost the full width of
carapace, 1.73 mm. tall and, therefore, somewhat more than three
fourths as tall as wide; cephalic part rises gradually from AME to
PLE and then descends more steeply to steep posterior declivity which
begins about two thirds of the distance from PLE to posterior border
but there is no great difference between the angle of descent of the pos-
terior declivity and that part of the thorax immediately behind PLE;
interocular area nearly flat, covered with a copious supply of black,
white, and rust-red hairs as described later, numerous long black bris-
tles in ocular area but none which seem to be especially noteworthy;
PME and PLE on low tubercles.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one tenth of diameter
of ALE. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of 68 : 65.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of about 34 : 21. Total
eye space occupies about ten nineteenths of length of carapace. Ratio
of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE=32 :20:5:18. AME separ-
ated from one another by one thirty-second of the diameter of AME,
from ALE by about the same distance. Middle eyes closer to PLE than
to ALE in ratio of nearly 2 : 3. Height of clypeus equal to about three
sixteenths of diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with white hairs
on lower two thirds and rust-red hairs filling in lower angle between

178 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

AME nearly surrounding all anterior eyes except for short ares above
and below AME which are provided with white hairs and also short
arcs below ALE which also have white hairs; long white hairs cover
basal half of chelicerae in front and extensions of marginal white
stripe fill in space beneath ALE thus combining to give a very hir-
sute appearance to the species; three long stiff bristles as usual in lower
angle between AME and several other long stiff bristles among white
hairs.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, robust; basal segment 1.09 mm. long;
probably quite gibbous in front beneath white hairs; distal half with a
scanty covering of whitish bristles; transversely rugulose. Fang
moderately robust, evenly curved. Fang groove with two promarginal
teeth near medial end, inner one small; a single, simple, fairly stout
retromarginal tooth.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 20 :
9; outer border quite deeply notched but with no tubercle or hook;
outer distal corner somewhat truncated; as usual, with a well devel-
oped scopula along truncature.

Iip. Longer than wide in ratio of 23 : 20, basal excavations reach
about one fourth of its length, reaches well beyond middle of maxillae.
Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Generally scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of about
11 : 7; quite convex opposite second and third coxae; widest between
second coxae, almost as wide between third coxae; very blunt at poste-
rior end and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated
by only about one eleventh of their width.

Legs. 1342. Tibial index of first and fourth legs 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 2.09 1.34 1.90 1.47 95 7.75
2. 1.75 .96 1.21 95 64 5.49
3. 2.11 1.02 1.28 1.47 .70 6.58
4. 1.92 .89 1.41 1.60 YAS) 6.57
Palp 94 32 33) = .96 2.55

No fringes on any legs.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 1-0-1, ventral
2-2-2 (staggered) (Fig. 151); metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg:
femur and patella as in first except femur retrolateral distal 1; tibia only
prolateral 1-1-1, ventral 1r—2-2; metatarsus as in first. Third leg:

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 179

femur dorsal O-1-1-1, prolateral O-O-1-2, retrolateral 0O-O-1-1;
patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal 1-0-0 (lacking
on left), prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 0-1p-2; metatarsus
only prolateral 1-0-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg:
femur dorsal 0-O0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella
as in third; tibia as in nese metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral
1-1-2, ventral 0-2-2.

Palp. Femur not swollen, very gently arched dorsally; shalbanie
white hairs except a few on retrolateral surface; tibia with a strongly
chitinized prolateral distal lobe and a strongly chitinized robust retro-
lateral distal apophysis strongly geniculate toward base of cymbium
and a deep ventral excavation; bulb swollen and also deeply excavated;
tarsal spine (probably the embolus) very stout, completes a full turn
of a loose spiral, considerably enlarged about one third from base and
widened at its tip (Figs. 152-153).

Abdomen. Elongate ovoid; rather small and slender; longer than
wide in ratio of about 2 : 1, widest about two fifths from base; with
two pairs of dorsal sigilla making a quadrilateral figure wider behind
than in front in ratio of about 6.:5; well supplied with short stiff
bristles and considerable brown and light colored hair. Anal tubercle
a short cone covered dorsally with white hair. Spinnerets as usual in
this group, with posterior pair well spread apart so as to expose to view
the slender middle pair. Colulus indicated by a small tuft of bristles.
Tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets and guarded by a lightly
chitinized lip.

Color in alcohol. Palp reddish brown and amber with femur streaked
with black. Chelicerae a rich reddish brown, lighter around fang and
fang groove. Maxillae and lip a deep amber color with yellowish white
tips and lip streaked with black. Legs: first pair of coxae brownish and
streaked with black, all others yellowish; first pair of tarsi yellowish,
all other segments a rich dark shiny brown with some iridescence,
especially on prolateral surfaces of femora and tibiae, light streaks
dorsally on most segments; all other legs unicolorous light amber with
considerable dark brown or black hair. Sternum with a brown anterior
border, elsewhere light amber. Carapace: generally a rich dark reddish
brown with eyes on black spots and many black streaks especially on
lateral surfaces and on posterior declivity; a white central spot just
behind AME, another white central spot over region of thoracic groove
and a part of posterior declivity; a small white spot on each side be-
tween PME and PLE; a broad white marginal stripe on each side from
posterolateral corner to clypeus where it joins the white of that region

180 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 149. Freya bulbosa, male maxilla.

Fig. 150. F. bulbosa, male palpal tibia and part of tarsus, dorsal view.

Fig. 151. Freya demarcata, first tibia, ventral view.

Figs. 152-153. F.demarcata, male palp, ventral view, and palpal tibia, dorsal
view.

Figs. 154-155. Freya justina, female and male cheliceral teeth.

Fig. 156. F. justina, epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 157-159. F. petrunkevitchi Chickering; tarsus of male palp, ventral view;
palpal tibia, ventral and retrolateral views.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 181

and the base of the chelicerae; opposite PME an extension of the
marginal stripe passes toward these eyes; bright rust-red hairs surround
all eyes dorsally except as already noted. Abdomen: dark brown at
base; this color extends laterally and is there broken into narrow
stripes alternating with narrow yellowish stripes; dorgal to brown base
is a narrow indefinite light bar which also extends dorsolaterally in
broken and indefinite stripes to posterior end; extending through
middle is a central dorsal indefinite light stripe containing a series of
incomplete chevrons in its posterior half; on either side of this central
light stripe is a broken brownish stripe with many yellowish dots;
venter with a black central stripe containing two rows of yellowish dots
and bounded laterally by yellowish areas mottled with black, but the
ventral coloration is very variable in different specimens as, indeed,
is the coloration of the whole abdomen.

Type locality. Male hypotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1939. Other males from: Canal Zone Biological Area, June-
July, 1934; June-Aug., 1936; June—Aug., 1939; Ft. Randolph, C. Z.,
Aug., 1986; Arraijan, R. P., Aug., 1936; C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z.,
July—Aug., 1939.

Freya FLAVA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene flava F. Cambridge, 1901
F. flava Petrunkevitch, 1911
F. flava Banks, 1929

This species was described from Guatemala entirely from females.
Mr. Banks identified a female from Frijoles, C. Z., July, 1924, as
belonging to this species. I have several females of the same species,
but I have been compelled to regard them as a Phiale new to science.
For this reason I consider that F. flava has not been collected in
Panama. .

FREYA FRONTALIS Banks, 1929
F. sagittifer Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936

Mr. Banks had several males from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1924. Chamberlin and Ivie had a mature female and a single
immature female. I have made a careful examination of both sexes
with the conclusion that they can be safely matched in the way indi-
cated. Hypotypes of both sexes should be carefully described. Many
of both sexes are in my collection from the following localities: Canal

182 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Zone Biological Area, June—July, 1934; July-Aug., 1936; June—Aug.,
1939; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Frijoles, C. Z., Aug., 1936.

FrEYA GRISEA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene grisea F. Cambridge, 1901
F. grisea Simon, 1903

F. grisea Petrunkevitch, 1911

F. distincta Petrunkevitch, 1925

F. Cambridge reported this species from Guatemala and Panama.
Professor Petrunkevitch described his species from the San Lorenzo
River region of Panama. Cambridge’s figures are good and, with the
brief descriptive matter, I think identification is quite certain. Pro-
fessor Petrunkevitch’s description is very clear and detailed. From a
careful study of both I feel quite certain of the synonymy as I have
given it here. I have the species from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
June-July, 1934; July—Aug., 1936; June—Sept., 1939.

FREYA INFUSCATA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene infuscata F. Cambridge, 1901
F. infuscata Petrunkevitch, 1911
F. infuscata Petrunkevitch, 1925

This species is known only from females, and it seems quite probable
that it is the female of F. grisea (F. Cambridge). A decision on this
point will have to await further study, however. The hypotype should
be carefully described. I have the species only from the Canal Zone
Biological Area, June-July, 1934; July, 1936; July—Aug., 1939; and the
Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., July, 1939.

FREYA JUSTINA Banks, 1929
Figures 154-156

Mr. Banks had one male from the Canal Zone Biological Area, July,
1924. I have many males and also several females which I believe can
be safely matched with the males. One of the females has been se-
lected and is herewith described as the allotype.

Female allotype. Total length 9.79 mm. Carapace 4.22 mm. long,
3.20 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy about four fifths of width
of carapace at that level, 1:98 mm. tall and, therefore, about five

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 183

eighths as tall as wide. PLE on low tubercles with a shallow depression
between them. Carapace tallest at level of PLE. A short median
longitudinal thoracic groove between posterior halves of PLE.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly dorsal to those of AME. Anterior row
equal in width to that of posterior row; wider than middle row in ratio
of 40 : 33. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 40 : 27.
Total eye space occupies thirty-three sixty-fourths of length of cara-
pace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE=35 : 20:5: 18.
AME separated from one another by about one eighteenth of their
diameter, from ALE by twice that distance. Middle eyes slightly closer
to PLE than to ALE. Height of clypeus about one fourth the diameter
of AME. Clypeus decorated with simple white hairs which are longest

along ventral margin and beneath outer borders of AME which are
surrounded by a ring of white hairs. ALE also surrounded by white
hairs except at outer upper sector where the hairs are reddish. Three
long bristles in a triangle in lower angle between AME; other bristles
along dorsal border of AME and lateral to ALE.

Chelicerae. Robust, very gibbous in front, parallel; with basal
segment 1.30 mm. long. Fang moderately stout, evenly curved. Fang
groove with two moderately stout promarginal teeth and a single,
fairly stout retromarginal tooth (Fig. 154). A figure of the male cheli-
ceral teeth is included for comparison (Fig. 155).

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of 19 : 8,
moderately dilated distally. Palp inserted into basal two fifths. Outer
distal corner with a reduced tubercle.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of about 4 : 3, somewhat tapered
distally, basal excavations reach slightly more than one third of length,
reaches a little beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Quite convex; well covered with slender bristles; longer
than wide in ratio of 25 : 16, widest between second and third coxae;
very blunt at posterior end which is not extended between fourth
coxae which are only separated by three tenths of their width.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 21, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

ile 2.11 1.41 1.66 1.30 .96 7.44
2. 2.11 1.32 1.35 1.20 83 6.81
3. 2.69 1.54 1.60 1.60 1.02 8.25
4. 2.82 1.22 1-79 1.92 1.08 8.83

184 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

All legs with a moderate quantity of hair, but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2, else-
where 0; patella only ventral O-lr—0, lacking on left and may be
aberrant; tibia only prolateral 1-0-1, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only
ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur as in first except retrolateral 0-O0-1-1
(both sma!] and distal one lacking on left); patella 0; tibia and meta-
tarsus as in first. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-0-1-1, prolateral 0-O-1-2,
retrolateral only 1 distal; patella only prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0;
tibia only prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 0-1p—2; metatarsus
prolateral 1-0-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-0-2. Fourth leg: femur
only dorsal 0-1-0-1-1, retrolateral distal 1; patella only prolateral
and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia as in third; metatarsus prolateral and
retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-0-2. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal
distal 1.

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 79 : 44, widest about
three eighths from base from which place it tapers to a blunt point at
base of spinnerets; anal tubercle a short broad cone; spinnerets of
moderate length, all rather slender, first pair somewhat the stoutest,
middle pair somewhat the slenderest and slightly the shortest, posterior
pair spread so that middle pair is exposed to view; position of colulus
indicated by a tuft of dark hairs. Tracheal spiracle near base of spin-
nerets and with a slightly chitinized lip but with no distinct tubercle.

Epigynum. A short distance anterior to genital groove is a central
opening into a strongly chitinized bursa on each side of which is a
fairly large circular spermatheca. Immediately anterior to these parts
is a large central oval cavity divided by a low septum (Fig. 156).

Color in alcohol. Much lighter in color than most males. Carapace:
eyes on very dark brown spots, more or less connected; a yellowish
white central stripe extends from median thoracic groove to posterior
border, anteriorly the stripe extends forward somewhat indefinitely as
far as middle eyes; interocular area generally a light reddish brown; the
central interocular light reddish brown area extends on each side along
dorsolateral region to posterior border where it is narrowed; laterally
carapace is yellowish white spotted with reddish brown; a narrow dark
marginal stripe extends all the way around the carapace from opposite
ALE. Sternum: light yellowish. Lip and maxillae a light amber. Chel-
icerae a much darker amber. Palp: yellowish with a faint basal annula-
tion on terminal three segments; tarsus much darker. All legs yellowish
beneath, yellowish with brown bars dorsally. Abdomen: yellowish
white at base, also laterally but much speckled with light brown; a
light central median stripe more or less indented marginally and con-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 185

taining small reddish brown spots anteriorly and faint chevrons pos-
teriorly; on each side of central light stripe is a broken broad reddish
brown stripe much spotted with yellowish white; venter yellowish
white with small dark spots which unite into a large dark spot anterior
to tracheal spiracle.

Type locality. Female allotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1939. Males and females from the following localities: Canal
Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June-Aug., 1936, 1939; El
Valle, R. P., July, 1936; Ft. Randolph, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Ft. slime
and France Field, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

FREYA LONGISPINA (F. Cambridge ),1901

Cyrene longispina F. Cambridge, 1901
F. longispina Simon, 1903

F. longispina Petrunkevitch, 1911

F. longispina Petrunkevitch, 1925

The male was originally described from Guatemala and the female
is not yet known. Professor Petrunkevitch reported the species from
Panama (’25) and described the male. I have one specimen from the
Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., July, 1939. It is about the same size
as F. bifurcata, does not have the white hairs on the clypeus, but it
has a white fringe on the palpal femur and patella. The spination
differs somewhat from that recorded by Petrunkevitch.

Freya Minuta (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene minuta F. Cambridge, 1901
F. minuta Petrunkevitch, 1911
F. minuta Petrunkevitch, 1925

This is another species which has not yet appeared in my collection.
Only the male is known.

FREYA PETRUNKEVITCHI, spec. nov.
Figures 157-159
Male holotype. Total length 6.46 mm. Carapace 2.53 mm. long,
2.11 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy about ten elevenths of

width of carapace at their level; 1.66 mm. tall and, therefore, about
sixteen twenty-firsts as tall as wide; with usual form of genus.

186 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one sixth of the
diameter of ALE. Anterior row only slightly wider than posterior row,
wider than middle row in ratio of 17:15. Quadrangle of laterals
wider than long in ratio of 17:11. Total eye space occupies just
slightly more than half the length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE=32 :19:5:16. AME practically contiguous,
separated from ALE by one fifteenth of their diameter. Middle eyes
slightly closer to PLE than to ALE. Height of clypeus equal to about
one third of diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a ventral
white fringe but the white hairs are not spread over clypeus as in so
many of the genus, also a patch of white hairs beneath each ALE.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; anterior surface rugulose, supplied
with a sparse covering of white hairs; moderately robust; basal seg-
ment .96 mm. long. Fang moderately robust, evenly curved. Fang
groove with two promarginal teeth, the more medial the smaller; a
single, fairly stout, retromarginal tooth.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 2 :
1. Not strongly constricted in middle; with palp inserted into basal
half, with outer angle well rounded.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 12 : 11; basal excavations reach
only about one fourth the length of the organ; reaches a little beyond
middle of maxillae. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 55 : 38,
widest between second coxae; very blunt at posterior end but not ex-
tended between fourth coxae which are separated only by about one
twelfth of their diameter.

Legs. 1482. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

Me 2.18 1.26 1.85 1.41 90 7.60
2. 1.73 97 1.20 1.00 74 5.64
3. 1.82 1.00 1.28 1.40 75 6.25
4, 1.79 84 1.40 1.60 80 6.43
Palp 89 .40 39 == .80 2.45

No definite fringes on legs or palpi.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2;
patella 0; tibia only prolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2—2(promarginal is offest
prolaterally)—2; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur as in

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 187

first except retrolateral distal 1; patella prolateral 0-1(small)-0; tibia
only prolateral 1-0-1, ventral 1r—-2-2; metatarsus only ventral 2-2.
Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1—1-1, prolateral 0-1-2, retrolateral distal 1;
patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral and retrolat-
eral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-2; metatarsus prolateral 1-2, retrolateral
1-1-2, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, retrolateral
distal 1; patella only retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral
1-1-1, ventral 0-lp—2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2,
ventral 2—2. Palpal spines: one dorsal distal femoral.

Palp. Both patella and tibia short and almost exactly equal in
length. Tibial retrolateral apophysis much Jike that in F. grisea and
F. arraijanica; distal part turned sharply toward the tarsus and with
a groove separating it from basal part. Tarsus unlike any known
to me; very simple, with a very small spine-like embolus extending
from anterior end of bulb (Figs. 157-159).

Abdomen: Elongate ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 50 : 27,
widest three tenths from base; with two pairs of dorsal sigilla making a
quadrilateral figure wider behind than in front in ratio of about 11 : 9;
well supplied with light and dark hair and both long and short recurved
bristles. Anal tubercle, as usual, a broad flattened cone. Position of
colulus indicated by a small tuft of dark hairs. Tracheal spiracle close
to base of spinnerets, not provided with a tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace generally a reddish brown with many
black intercommunicating lines; eyes on black spots with interocular
area much lighter brown; scattered white hairs occur generally all over
carapace with clypeus as already noted, also an inconspicuous white
patch dorsal to AME; beginning at thoracic groove there is a light
stripe which continues nearly to posterior border; also a few rust-red
hairs around eyes. Sternum a light amber with a narrow darker border.
First pair of legs and palps a dark brown, lighter dorsally and with
many fine black lines; all other legs light amber. Abdomen: a dark
brown patch at base extends along lateral sides to posterior end; a
transverse yellowish bar just dorsal to the dark patch extends dorso-
laterally toward posterior end but narrows and disappears about one
fourth from base; extending throughout central region is a broad,
deeply indented yellowish stripe on each side of which is a fairly broad
brownish stripe; venter is yellowish white mottled with dark brown
spots which tend to unite centrally.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
August, 1939. No paratypes.

188 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

FREYA PROMINENS (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene prominens F. Cambridge, 1901
F.. prominens Simon, 1903

F. prominens Petrunkevitch, 1911

F.. prominens Banks, 1929

F. Cambridge’s figures of the male palp are good but it seems
probable that he made his figure of the epigynum from an immature
female. He stated that: “The carapace is clothed with yellowish-grey
hairs and has a pale central posterior groundline but no band of white
hairs’. Apparently reference is made to the absence of the median
longitudinal white stripe because there are lateral white stripes in both
sexes, although his figure of the female does not show them. Origin-
ally reported from Mexico and Costa Rica. Mr. Banks collected a
male and two females in the Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1924.
I have the species represented by both sexes from the following locali-
ties: Canal Zone Biological Area, July—Aug., 1936; July—Aug., 1939;
Chilibre, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

FREYA STRIATA spec. nov.
Figures 160-162

Male holotype. Total length 3.01 mm. Carapace 1.53 mm. long,
1.09 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy a little less
than the full width of the carapace at their level, .78 mm. tall and,
therefore, about .71 as tall as wide; ascent very gradual from AME to
PLE, then descent gradual to beginning of steep posterior declivity
which occurs about ten twenty-sevenths of the distance from PLE to
posterior border; lateral sides almost parallel and vertical to a short
distance behind PLE; with a short longitudinal medial thoracic groove
a short distance behind PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly above those of AME. Anterior and poste-
rior rows equal in width, both wider than middle row in ratio of 47 :
43. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 47 : 35. Total eye
space occupies four sevenths of the length of carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 17 :8.5:2.3:9. AME almost con-
tiguous with one another; separated from ALE by one sixteenth of their
diameter. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of about
8:11. Height of clypeus equal to one fourth the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated only with a weak fringe of ventral brownish bristles,

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 189

one long brownish bristle beneath outer border of each AME, and three
long upturned bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, essentially parallel; swollen in a broad ridge
obliquely from inner basal corner to middle of outer border; basal
segment .45 mm. long. Fang quite irregular, a low ridge or tubercle
about two fifths from base indicates the position ofan obsolescent tooth.
Fang groove distinct; promargin with a strongly chitinized low ridge
near medial end upon which two (possibly three) small teeth occur;
retromargin with a single simple tooth about one fourth from medial
end of groove.

Mazillae. Essentially parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio
of about 2:1, considerably broadened distally because outer distal
angle is drawn out laterally, outer distal corner distinctly angular but
without any tubercle or hook, scopula along truncature fairly well
developed.

Lip. Wider than long in ratio of 11 :9, reaches to about middle
of maxillae, basal excavations reach a little less than one third the
length of the organ. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 30 : 23, widest be-
tween second coxae; very convex, especially between third coxae;
anterior border only slightly wider than base of lip; posterior end a
blunt point not extended between fourth coxae which are separated
by about one fourth of their diameter.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il. 1.02 45 70 08 Al 3.16
RB. sl 45 O1 AT 30 2.61
Bo 79 30 AG? .65 ou) 2.60
4. .96 45 15 83 38 3.37
Palp 60 19 14 — 45 1.28

All legs with a moderate supply of hair, but with no conspicuous
special fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 1-1-1 observed; patella 0;
tibia only prolateral 0-O-1-0, ventral 2-2-2 (last pair not terminal
and not well matched); metatarsus only ventral 2-2 (all very long, at
least half as long as segment). Second leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, pro-
lateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only prolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 1r—Ir-2;
metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral
and retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral

190 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

0-1-1-0, ventral 0-1p-O-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-0-2, retrolateral
0-1-1, ventral 0. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in third leg; tibia
prolateral 0-1-1, retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 0-1p—O0-2; metatarsus pro-
lateral 0-0-2, retrolateral 0-1-2, ventral 0. Palpal spines: apparently
only femur dorsal 1-1-1, long and slender, hardly more than stout
bristles.

Palp. Without fringes or special decorations; femur moderately
bent ventrally; patella and tibia both short with latter little more than
two thirds as long as former; tibial retrolateral apophysis a very short
spur directed ventrally; bulb moderately swollen and overlapping tibia
quite extensively; embolus arises on prolateral side of bulb not far
from middle and extends distally as a straight pointed spine (Figs.
160-161).

Abdomen. Nearly oval in outline; longer than wide in ratio of 24 :
15, widest in middle; anal tubercle a short flattened cone; spinnerets
with posterior pair slender, longest, and spread out so that middle pair
is visible from above, anterior pair most robust and approximated at
bases; vestigial colulus indicated by a small group of stiff black hairs;
tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with a distinct lip but no
tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally reddish brown; with eyes on
black spots and with interocular area dark brown; a lighter central
dorsal stripe begins between PLE and extends to posterior border; on
each side of this lighter stripe is a region with nearly black streaks;
ventral margin with dark stripe having an indefinite dorsal border.
Palp dark brown with distal third or cymbium yellowish white. Cheli-
cerae dark brown, lighter along fang groove. Mazxillae and lip brown
with yellowish white tips. Sternum and coxae yellowish white except
first pair of coxae which are brown prolaterally and retrolaterally.
Legs: first pair dark brown with tarsi yellowish white; patellae much
lighter in distal half; also with distal halves of patellae and distal ends
of tibiae supplied with patches of white lanceolate hairs on prolateral
sides; first femora highly polished on prolateral surface where there is
much iridescence; all other legs light brownish dusted with dark brown.
Abdomen: a narrow central dorsal dark brown stripe has a yellowish
white stripe on each side of it, further laterally is another broader
brown stripe poorly separated from lateral regions; viewed dorsally,
therefore, there are five abdominal stripes, three brown and two whit-
ish ones; laterally dotted brown and yellowish white; venter yellowish
white with occasional brown dots and a narrow black line across at
level of tracheal spiracle.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 191

Female allotype. Total length 3.52 mm. Carapace 1.60 mm. long,
1.12 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy the full width of the cara-
pace at their level, .73 mm. tall and, therefore, .65 as tall as wide.
Otherwise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME are slightly above those of ALE. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of about 10 : 7. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE = 17:9 :2:9. AME almost contiguous to one
another and to ALE. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio
of 4 : 5. Clypeus practically obsolete. Otherwise as in male.

Chelicerae. Basal segment .38 mm. long. Otherwise essentially as
in male, except the outstanding features are somewhat toned down in
female. Fang fairly robust in basal two fifths, remainder slender and
evenly curved. Fang groove plainly with two promarginal teeth and
retromargin with a single simple tooth.

Mazillae. Essentially as in male except not broadened distally as
in that sex, outer distal corner smoothly rounded, not angular.

Inp and Sternum. Essentially as in male. Posterior coxae more
nearly contiguous than in male, being separated by only one sixth of
their width.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 15, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 83 51 58 45 2 2.69
D, LGAs OR 35 45 38 32 2.20
3. 70 38 45 LR 38 2.49
4. .96 45 .70 .70 41 3.22

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-0; patella 0; tibia only ventral
2-2-2 (last pair not terminal); metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second
leg: as in first except tibia prolateral 0-0-1, ventral 1r-2-2. Third leg:
femur dorsal 1-1-1, patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-1-0; ventral 0-O-1p
(not terminal); metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-1.
Fourth leg: femur and patella as in third; tibia prolateral 0-1-0,
ventral 1p—0-1p (terminal); metatarsus as in third. Palpal spines: none
observed.

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of about 2:1. Otherwise
essentially.as in male.

Epigynum. Simple; without any posterior marginal notch; with
what appear to be two large, somewhat quadrilateral spermathecae
just in front of posterior margin; anterior half of epigynal plate with a

192 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

low median longitudinal septum separating two minute openings (Fig.
162).

Color in alcohol. Almost identical with that of male. Front legs and
carapace somewhat lighter than in male. Palpus yellowish white.
Dorsal abdominal stripes somewhat less definite, especially the dorso-
lateral brownish stripes.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype from Canal Zone
Forest Reserve, C. Z., July, 1939. Paratypes of both sexes from the
following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June—July, 1934;
Aug., 1939; Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939; Canal Zone Forest Re-
serve, July, 1939.

GORGASELLA gen. nov.

Carapace rather high, fairly broad, with lateral sides considerably
rounded; dorsal surface gently arched from AME to steep posterior
declivity which begins a little less than half way from PLE to posterior
border and is not concave; widest just behind PLE; with a slender
median longitudinal thoracic groove a short distance behind PLE.
Eyes: anterior row rather strongly recurved; PME slightly closer to
ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy nearly three quarters of width of cara-
pace; anterior and posterior rows about equal in width; quadrangle of
laterals much wider than long; total eye space occupies a little more
than half the length of carapace. Clypeus rather low. Chelicerae
robust, essentially parallel; distinct fang groove with a typical retro-
marginal fissidentate tooth. Mazillae slightly convergent, unmodified.
Sternum scutiform, broad, widest between second coxae, but nearly
as wide between first coxae. Legs: 4312; all legs fairly robust; without
fringes or special tufts of hair; leg spines numerous and well developed;
first tibiae with four pairs of robust ventral spines. Abdomen ovoid,
fairly stout. Genotype: Gorgasella eximia sp. nov.

GORGASELLA EXIMIA spec. nov.
Figures 163-167

Female holotype. Total length 5.87 mm. Carapace 2.43 mm. long,
1.79 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy seventeen
twentieths of width of carapace; 1.28 mm. tall and, therefore, .72 as
tall as wide; ascent from AME to PLE very gradual, flat between PLE
descent from PLE very gradual to beginning of steep posterior decliv-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 193

ity which occurs shortly before the middle of the distance from PLE
to posterior border; laterally the full width is obtained immediately
behind ALE where there is a distinct fullness; with a slender median
longitudinal thoracic groove of moderate length beginning just a short
distance behind PLE; hair very sparsely distributed over carapace;
stiff bristles especially numerous on region from PLE to steep declivity
and even involving the upper third of the declivity itself (Figs. 163-
164).

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one sixth of the diameter
of ALE. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of 24 : 23,
wider than middle row in ratio of 8 : 7. Quadrangle of laterals wider
than long in ratio of 3 : 2. Total eye space occupies about four sevenths
of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :
PLE = 23 : 12.5 : 2.75 : 11. AME separated from one another by one
twelfth of their diameter, from ALE by slightly less than this distance.
Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of about 11 : 13.
Height of clypeus equal to five twenty-thirds of the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated with a weakly developed ventral fringe of ordinary
bristles, a row of long whitish hairs, and three long upturned whitish
bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Robust, strongly swollen in front with outer border
convex; transversely rugulose in front; basal segment 1.02 mm. long.
Fang robust, evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; promargin with
two teeth set close together at medial end of groove; retromargin with
a typical fissidentate tooth about the middle (Fig. 165).

Mazillae. Slightly convergent, longer than wide in middle in ratio
of 30 : 19, only moderately concave in middle of outer border; distal
border rounded; outer distal corner smoothly rounded without tubercle
or hook; with a rather poorly developed scopula along truncature.

Lip. As long as wide; basal excavations reach slightly less than one
third length of organ; reaches about two thirds the length of the
maxillae; distal border well rounded and much narrower than base.
Sternal suture slightly procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 50 : 37; widest be-
tween second coxae but nearly as wide between first coxae; anterior
border as wide as base of lip; anterior coxae separated by three quar-
ters of the greatest width of the sternum; posterior end blunt and not
extended between fourth coxae which are separated by about one
fourth of their diameter. Second coxae distinctly separated by a con-
siderable space from third coxae.

194 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 160-161. Freya striata Chickering; male palp, ventral view, and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

Fig. 162. F. striata Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.
Figs. 163-164. Gorgasella eximia Chickering; carapace, lateral view, and body,
dorsal view. x
Fig. 165. G. eximia Chickering; female cheliceral teeth.
Fig. 166. G. eximia Chickering; first tibia, ventral view.
. Fig. 167. G. eximia Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 168-169. Monaga benigna Chickering; carapace, lateral view, and body,
dorsal view.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA ~~ 195

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
IL, 1.34 83 .90 82 48 4.37
De 1.28 70 78 oOo 45 3.98
3. 1.47 76 89 1.02 51 4.65
4. 1.60 16 1.15 APY 51 5.24

All legs with a moderate supply of simple hair, but with no fringes or
special tufts. Palps with much yellowish hair especially on tibiae and
tarsi, with fringe heavily developed on prolateral side of tarsi; tarsi
heavily chitinized and somewhat flattened dorsoventrally.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2; patella
0; tibia only prolateral 0-1-0, ventral 2—2—2-2 (third pair offset later-
ally somewhat, Fig. 166); metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1,
ventral 2-2 (first pair very long). Second leg: femur and patella as in
first; tibia prolateral 0-1-1 on left side, 0-0-1 on right, retrolateral 0
on left, 0-0-1 on right, ventral 2-2—1r-2; metatarsus as in first. Third
leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella
0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-1, ventral 0; metatarsus pro-
lateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: femur as in
third; patella only retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral 0-0-1, retro-
lateral 0-1-1, ventral 0-O-Ir; metatarsus prolateral 0-1-2, retrolateral
1-1-2, ventral 0-l1r. No palpal spines observed.

Abdomen. Nearly oval in outline; 3.07 mm. long; longer than wide
in ratio of nearly 3 : 2; widest about the middle; anal tubercle a short
cone with a tuft of white hairs; six spinnerets of moderate size and
length, without special features; position of colulus indicated by a tuft
of black hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with an ob-
scure lip but no tubercle.

Epigynum. Quite conspicuous and well chitinized; plate wider than
long in ratio of about 3 : 2; posterior margin with a heavily chitinized
lip but no marginal notch; in anterior half of plate are two white areas
separated by a low septum and surrounded by well chitinized margins
(Fig. 167).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally a rich dark brown with many
black streaks; eyes on black spots; with many slender white hairs
which are easily rubbed off. Palps yellowish white with tarsi light
amber. Chelicerae dark reddish brown; lip and maxillae similar with
whitish tips. All legs yellowish below and light amber above with
variations; anterior tibiae faintly brownish in basal third. Abdomen:

196 - BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

black base extends along lateral sides to posterior end with very narrow
elongated yellowish spots; dorsum with a yellowish white basal band
which extends dorsolaterally as a narrow stripe on each side for about
two fifths of the length of the abdomen; centrally are two pairs of
yellowish white spots over the muscle impressions and behind these
are two pairs of rather short white bars; all other areas black; venter a
clear yellowish white.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
Aug., 1936. No paratypes.

MonaGaA gen. nov.

Carapace moderately high, moderately broad; widest in region of ~
PLE; lateral sides gently rounded; dorsal surface gently arched from
AME to steep posterior declivity which begins about two fifths of the
distance from PLE to posterior margin; a short median longitudinal
thoracic groove about half way from PLE to posterior declivity. Eyes:
anterior row moderately recurved; PME somewhat closer to ALE
than to PLE; PLE occupy nearly full width of carapace; posterior row
slightly wider than anterior row; quadrangle of laterals considerably
wider than long; total eye space occupies about one half the length of
the carapace. Clypeus rather low. Chelicerae fairly robust; somewhat
porrect; parallel; distinct fang groove with a single fairly robust retro-
marginal tooth (seems to show some tendency toward fissidentate
type). Mazillae parallel, unmodified. Sternwm elongate scutiform;
moderately broad; moderately convex; only moderately narrowed be-
tween first coxae. Legs: 4132; first pair considerably enlarged; all legs
with a moderate supply of hair and probably the remains of a fringe
on anterior patellae and tibiae; leg spines considerably reduced in
number. Abdomen elongate ovoid. Spinnerets of moderate size. Geno-
type: Monaga benigna sp. nov.

MOoNAGA BENIGNA spec. nov.
Figures 168-171

The genus Monaga and this species are placed here tentatively. Its
correct position is not at all clear.

Female holotype. Total length 4.67 mm. Carapace 1.96 mm. long,
1.388 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy fifteen six-
teenths of the width of the carapace at their level, .90 mm. tall and,

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 197

therefore, .65 as tall as wide; gently arched dorsally from AME to
steep posterior declivity which begins about two fifths of the distance
from PLE to posterior border; lateral sides of cephalic part vertical
and only gently rounded from ALE to posterolateral angles; with a
short median longitudinal thoracic groove a little less than half way
from PLE to beginning of steep posterior declivity (Figs. 168-169).

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly below those of AME. Posterior row wider
than anterior row in ratio of 61 : 57, wider than middle row in ratio of
61 : 52. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 61 : 38.
Total eye space occupies about nine seventeenths of the length of the
carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE= 19:9.5:2:
8.5. AME separated from one another and from ALE by one nine-
teenth of the diameter of AME. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to
PLE in ratio of 10 : 13. Clypeus decorated with a fringe of white
lanceolate hair, a single long yellowish bristle beneath outer boundary
of each AME, and three long upturned yellowish bristles in lower angle
between AME, the single upper one very long, the two lower much
shorter. Height of clypeus equal to one ninth of the diameter of AME.

Chelicerae. Rather robust, somewhat porrect, parallel; strongly
swollen in front from near base obliquely from medial side to outer
distal corner; with well developed basal boss; somewhat excavated
medially in distal half; basal segment .63 mm. long. Fang moderately
robust, somewhat irregular along outer surface in basal half, elsewhere
evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; with two small promarginal teeth
hear medial end of groove; retromargin with a single fairly robust tooth
which seems to show a slight tendency toward fissidentate condition.

Mazxillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 25 :
13; only slightly concave along middle of outer border; outer distal
corner well rounded with no tubercle: or hook; with a well developed
scopula along truncature. .

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of 4 :3, basal excavations reach
shghtly more than one third of the length of the organ, reaches
slightly beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of 5 : 3;
moderately convex, especially in posterior half; anterior border about
nine thirteenths as wide as base of lip; anterior coxae separated by
eleven twenty-fourths of the greatest width of the sternum; posterior
end bluntly rounded and not extended between fourth coxae which are
separated only by about one sixth of their diameter.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 22, of fourth leg 13.

198 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.09 64 83 .70 Al 3.67
2. .90 04 08 08 30 2.95
3. .96 51 08 62 38 3.05
4. 1.22 08 .90 83 Al 3.94

First leg considerably enlarged (Fig. 170), with what might be consid-
ered the remains of a ventral fringe on patellae and tibiae. Other legs
with a moderate amount of ordinary hair.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2; patella
only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2—2-2-2; metatarsus only
ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur dorsal 0-1—1-1, prolateral only distal
1; patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-O-1-0, ventral 1r—lr—2; metatarsus only
ventral 0-2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0—-O0-1-0,
ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg:
femur and patella as in third; tibia only ventral 0-O-1p; metatarsus
prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral] 0-1. Palpal spines: apparently
only femur dorsal 0-0-1.

Abdomen. 2.75 mm. long; longer than wide in ratio of 48 : 23;
widest just before the middle; anal tubercle a rather prominent cone
with a terminal tuft of white hair; six spinnerets of moderate length
and size, closely crowded; position of colulus uncertain; tracheal
spiracle at base of spinnerets, with obscure lip but no tubercle

Epigynum. Simple; with a deep posterior marginal notch from
lateral sides of which tubules protrude; anterior half definitely bounded
by a strongly recurved boundary at posterior ends of which is a pair
of small openings (Fig. 171).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: reddish brown with eyes on black spots;
white lanceolate hairs in a patch beneath ALE, weakly distributed
along ventral margin and arranged in a narrow recurved bar behind
PLE (all of these are very incomplete because of the rubbing to which
the specimen has been subjected); all parts except interocular area
with dark brown streaks. Palps yellowish white except tarsi and tibiae
which are light brown. Chelicerae reddish brown; maxillae the same
with whitish tips. Sternum brown with many yellowish and dark
brown dots. Lip brownish with many light and dark streaks. Legs:
first pair reddish brown with tarsi yellowish and femora with many
short loose white lanceolate hairs; other legs light brownish dorsally
with variations, yellowish white ventrally and in basal half of femora.
Abdomen: yellowish white with a pair of dorsal reddish brown stripes

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 199

(Fig. 169); dark brownish at base with this color extending laterally
as a stripe of moderate width to spinnerets; venter with three faint
dark brown stripes from genital groove to region of tracheal spiracle
where they unite with a brownish bar; spinnerets almost black.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 19384. No paratypes.

Genus PHtaLE C. Koch, 1850

Petrunkevitch (25) Jisted eleven species of the genus Phiale be-
lieved to occur in Panama. Phiale mimica (C. Koch) is a synonym of
P. gratiosa C. Koch. As already pointed out, F. bilobata (F. Cam-
bridge) is to be added to the genus. Banks (29) reported six species
from the vicinity of the Canal Zone. The spiders identified by him as
P. geminata (F. Cambridge) are a mixture. The males are Freya
demarcata Chamberlin and Ivie, the females F. albosignata (F. Cam-
bridge). P. magnifica (Banks) and P. dybowskii (Taczanowski)
had not previously been reported from Panama. I am compelled to
consider P. lineola Chamberlin and Ivie the same as P. dybowskii
(Taczanowski). In my study of Phiale from Panama I have found it
necessary to describe four new species. Hence at this time we know
nineteen species of the genus from that country. They may be listed
as follows: P. aliceae sp. nov., P. bicuspidata (F. Cambridge), P.
bilobata (F. Cambridge), P. delecta (Peckham), P. donaldi sp. nov.,
P. dybowskii (Taezanowski), P. elegans (F. Cambridge), P. flavescens
(Peckham), P. geminata (F. Cambridge), P. interrupta (F. Cam-
bridge), P. maculosa sp. nov., P. magnifica (Banks), P. mimica (C.
Koch), P. niveo-guttata (F. Cambridge), P. orvillet sp .nov., P. pallida
(F. Cambridge), P. panamae Chamberlin, P. pratensis (Peckham),
P. simplicicava (F. Cambridge).

Key to the species of Phiale from Panama
Males

1. Carapace: dark brown with a moderately broad white marginal stripe, a
small white patch between ALE, a short white stripe between PLE to
posterior declivity; clypeus and base of chelicerae with few white hairs.
Abdomen: with a narrow white basal band extending laterally; nearly
whole dorsum bright rust-red. Palp: femur deepened dorsoventrally, with
a white crest; tibial apophysis broad, deeply excavated dorsally; bulb dis-
tinctly bilobed at base; embolus accompanied by a slender, hooked process

P. aliceae, (p. 205)

200

—_

i)

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 2
. Carapace: reddish brown with a broad marginal white stripe extended

dorsally between PME and PLE; with a patch of white hair between ALE
and a sagittate white stripe from thoracic groove half way to posterior
border; clypeus and basal half of chelicerae with a brush of simple white
hair. Abdomen: yellowish with a pair of broken brownish dorsal stripes.
Palp: femur not notably modified; without a definite white crest; tibial
apophysis conspicuously divided into two processes; embolus a short, very
slender filament'at anterior end of bulb......... P. bicuspidata, (p. 207)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 3
. Carapace: very dark brown with a narrow white marginal stripe to oppo-

site PME; several small white patches in ocular area; clypeus and base of
chelicerae with few whitish hairs. Abdomen: with a white basal band ex-
tending dorsolaterally; a central narrow light stripe between two broad
rust-red stripes. Palp: femur not notably modified, . ith a snow white |
dorsal crest; tibial apophysis somewhat flattened, beak-like; bulb distinctly
bilobed at base, lobules well separated; embolus a very short pointed an-
CETIOV SPINE = Mapes auece aes ecole Cee AES Cen eee ere P. bilobata, (p. 208)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 4
. Carapace: generally reddish brown with a short, moderately broad supra-

marginal white stripe; a patch of white hairs between and below PME and
PLE; a broken white stripe from thoracic groove toward posterior border;
clypeus with a brush of white hairs, but very few of these on base of
chelicerae. Abdomen: with a white basal band, a wider reddish band fol-
lowed by another narrow whitish band; posterior half of dorsum includes a
central series of small light spots and two pairs of white dots. Palp: femur
not notably modified, with poorly developed dorsal white crest; tibial
apophysis a robust beaklike process; bulb with a single basal lobule;
embolus a long slender prolateral distal filament..... P. delecta, (p. 212)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................-- 5
. Carapace: almost black with small white patches just dorsal to AME, be-

tween PME and PLE, between PLE, and extending back to posterior
declivity; clypeus and base of chelicerae with long white simple hair.
Abdomen: with a median dorsal yellowish stripe, very broad at base, much
indented and tapered to a point near anal tubercle. Palp: femur not not-
ably modified, without dorsal crest; bulb with a simple basal lobule; em-
bolus a very short, sharply pointed spine; tibial apophysis a short robust
spur with distal half turned sharply toward excavation at base of cymbium

P. donaldi, (p. 212)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 6
. Carapace: generally dark reddish brown with a moderately broad complete

marginal white stripe; a patch of white hairs between PME and PLE; a
short median white stripe from thoracic groove to near middle of posterior
declivity; clypeus with a brush of white hairs, but only a few white hairs
on base of chelicerae. Abdomen: with a narrow basal band extending dorso-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 201

laterally to middle where it turns dorsally; nearly whole dorsum bright red;
posterior half of dorsum with two small central white spots and a pair of
dorsolateral white spots. Palp: femur not notably modified, with dorsal
white crest which extends over patella; tibial apophysis a short blunt spur;
bulb with a simple basal lobule; embolus a short robust pointed spine... .

P. dybowskii, (p. 215)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 7
. Carapace: generally dark brown with small white patches between PME

and PLE, over thoracic groove, and three on posterior declivity; clypeus
and base of chelicerae with many white hairs. Abdomen: with three small
white spots at base; anterior two fifths of dorsum bright orange red;
posterior three fifths of dorsum with a black central spot containing a cen-
tral series of light spots and two small white lateral dots; dorsolaterally
orange red. Palp: femur not notably modified, with a moderately devel-
oped white dorsal crest which extends over patella; bulb with a distinct
single basal lobule; embolus a long slender distal spine; tibial apophysis a
stout distally hooked spur...................... P. interrupta, (p. 219)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................- 8
. Carapace: generally rich dark reddish brown with a broad white marginal

stripe to opposite PLE, a white spot between PLE; clypeus with very few
whitish hairs and none on base of chelicerae. Abdomen: generally almost
black dorsally; with a series of four central white spots and a series of three
dorsolateral white spots on each side. Palp: femur somewhat enlarged in
distal half, with a moderately developed dorsal white crest; bulb distinctly
bilobate at base, lobules well separated; embolus a long distal sinuous fila-
ment, stout at base; tibial apophysis a moderately long slender spur, stout

AGA DASE yaa tees rele System pet tes Bird Tete let Sens op P. magnifica, (p. 226)
. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 9
. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s work) Carapace: dark mahogany with a

moderately broad white marginal stripe, a central white stripe from
thoracic groove to posterior declivity, and a pair of white spots between
ALE. Abdomen: with a narrow basal white band extending dorsolaterally
to communicate with a white band across the middle; across posterior
fourth of dorsum occurs a row of three white spots in front of which are
two very narrow white cross bands diverging in middle; anterior half of
dorsum golden yellow except as noted. Palp: bulb mildly bilobate at base;
embolus a straight robust spine, stout at base, pointed distally; tibial
apophysis a short stout curved spur............ P. niveo-guttata, (p. 233)

. Not with combination of characters given above.................... 10
. Carapace: generally dark brown with a broad dorsolateral stripe of loose

white hairs, a light stripe from between PLE to near posterior border, a
patch of loose white hairs between ALE; clypeus with only a few whitish
hairs and none on base of chelicerae. Abdomen: with a patch of light col-
ored hair at base; three light colored spots near middle of dorsum; in
posterior fourth of dorsum are four small snow white dots; with more or

202

10.

—

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

less orange red hair all over dorsum. Palp: femur unmodified, without
dorsal white crest; bulb with a simple single basal lobule; tibial apophysis
a robust spur excavated medially and strongly curved toward excavated
base of cymbium; embolus a short pointed spine, stout at base..........

P. panamae, (p. 239)
Carapace: generally very dark brown with a moderately broad short white
marginal stripe to opposite PLE, a narrow central white stripe from be-
tween PLE to middle of posterior declivity; clypeus with very few whitish
hairs and base of chelicerae devoid of them. Abdomen: black at base;
often with a short narrow central dorsal light stripe; nearly whole dorsum
a bright red bordered dorsolaterally with black. Palp: femur not notably
modified, with a poorly developed white dorsal crest; bulb bilobate at base
with retrolateral lobule elongated; tibial apophysis very slender and deeply
bifid distally; embolus long, slender, distally curved. .P. pratensis, (p. 239)

Females

. Carapace: interocular area reddish brown, overlaid with loose white hairs;

lateral sides yellowish, streaked with brown; a broad irregular central
stripe from thoracic groove to posterior border. Abdomen without definite
red stripes or bars. Epigynum: with a slight posterior marginal notch;
anterior half of plate with a pair of deep depressions convergent in front

P. bicuspidata, (p. 207)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 2

2. Carapace: generally dark brown; with a complete white lateral stripe in-

cluding clypeus; a narrow white band between ALE; a central white stripe
from between PLE nearly to posterior border. Abdomen: with an orange
red dorsal bar in anterior third in front of which is a white bar and behind
which another white bar more or less broken into spots. Epigynum: with
posterior margin scalloped; in anterior half of plate are two minute black
spots, four or five diameters of one of them apart....P. delecta, (p. 212)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 3
. Carapace: generally dark brown; with a narrow white marginal stripe con-

necting with white fringe on clypeus; a narrow central white stripe from
between PLE to middle of posterior declivity. Abdomen: with two dorsal
bright red stripes incompletely separated by a central white stripe. Epig-
ynum: with a shallow posterior marginal notch and a moderately deep,
slender recess; central part of plate includes a pair of somewhat slit-like

transverse openings about the length of one of them apart..............
P. dybowskii, (p. 215)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................-. +
. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s work) Carapace: generally light brownish;

with a white marginal stripe and a white central stripe from thoracic
groove to posterior border. Abdomen: without any red on dorsum.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 203

Epigynum: with posterior margin scalloped; anterior half of plate with a
single, large nearly circular cavity.................. P. elegans, (p. 218)
. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 5
. (Taken from study of type) Carapace: generally light brown, perhaps
yellow in life; with a very narrow white marginal stripe not including
clypeus; with white hairs over much of interocular area. Abdomen: with-
out red stripes or red bars. Epigynum: without a posterior marginal notch,
but with a distinct lip and a deep recess; anterior half of plate with a
pair of small depressions about a diameter of one of them apart........
P. flavescens, (p. 219)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 6
. (Taken from F. Cambridge’s work; data very meagre) Epigynum: without
posterior marginal notch; just in front of posterior margin is a pair of fairly
large circular bodies, contiguous medially; anterior half of plate with a
pair of nearly transverse depressions, confluent medially...............
‘ = P. geminata, (p. 219)

. Not with combination of characters given above..... Ss EPR den oe 7
. Carapace: with seven quite conspicuous stripes; a broad white lateral
stripe on each side including clypeus; a central white stripe from AME to
middle of posterior declivity; two dorsolateral brown stripes; a narrow
irregular brown marginal stripe. Abdomen: with a pair of broad, oblique,
bright red bars near base in addition to several white bars and spots.
Epigynum: without posterior marginal notch; with a nearly straight mar-
ginal lip; two small openings near middle of plate little more than a di-
amever Ofouelor themapartenpen cee oat: P. interrupta, (p. 219)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 8

. Carapace: generally brownish; nearly black quadrilateral spot covering
ocular area; without definite stripes. Abdomen: with five definite stripes,
dorsal and dorsolateral, but much variation noted; a central white stripe
separating a pair of brownish stripes overlaid with bright red hair; a pair
of dorsolateral white stripes. Epigynum: with a moderately well defined
posterior marginal notch and a fairly deep recess; anterior half of plate with
a pair of small reniform bodies medial to a pair of small similar depressions

P. maculosa, (p. 223)
. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 9
. Carapace: generally almost black; with a broad yellowish marginal stripe
including clypeus; a broad central yellowish stripe from AME to middle
of posterior declivity. Abdomen: without red bars or red stripes, but with
a striking pattern of yellow spots and black ground. Epigynum: often
obscure because of presence of gummy secretion; posterior margin without
a definite notch; in front of posterior margin lies a definite lip and a slender
recess; central part of plate occupied by two large lateral curved depres-
sions with strongly chitinized curved boundaries....P. magnifica, (p. 226)

. Not with combination of characters given above.................... 10

204

10.

10.
11.

Ie
12.

12.
13.

13.
14.

14.

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Carapace: generally almost black; with a narrow yellowish marginal stripe
and a broad yellowish recurved bar behind PLE; clypeus and base of -
chelicerae devoid of light hairs. Abdomen: with a striking pattern of yellow
and black. Caution: color pattern exceedingly variable; yellow may be
red; see description. Epigynum: with distinct posterior marginal notch
and a moderately deep recess; nearly whole plate occupied by two large
deep depressions confluent anteriorly.............. P. mimica, (p. 229)
Not with combination of characters given above..............-.-.-. 11
(Taken from F. Cambridge’s work) Carapace: dark mahogany; with a
moderately wide white marginal stripe; with a central broad white stripe
from thoracic groove to middle of posterior declivity, and a pair of white
spots more or less united between ALE. Abdomen: without red stripes or
red bars, but with a series of white dorsal bars and golden yellow spots.
Epigynum: with a shallow posterior marginal notch and ashort lip; central
part of plate occupied by a pair of large, somewhat reniform depressions,
conwerzentimeront. aq se eee P. niveo-guttata, (p. 233)
Not with combination of characters given above................-..- 12
Carapace: lateral sides whitish with brown dots; a narrow brown marginal
stripe; a central white stripe from AME to posterior border; clypeus with
many white hairs. Abdomen: with a pair of broad, bright, orange-red
dorsal stripes with intermixed black hairs, separated by a yellowish central
stripe. Epigynum: with a distinct posterior marginal notch and a deep
recess; anterior half of plate with a pair of depressions of moderate size,
somewhat more than a diameter of one of them apart. . P. orvillei, (p. 234)
Not with combination of characters given above................-.-. 13
Carapace: generally reddish brown; with broad whitish marginal stripe;
with a central whitish stripe from between PLE to posterior border, and
also many whitish hairs in ocular area; clypeus with a white fringe. Abdo-
men: without definite red stripes or red bars. Epigynum: posterior margin
scalloped and with a broad but shallow recess; anterior half of plate with
a pair of small depressions, with heavy lateral boundaries, confluent
Mediallliyg sn4 soahshar coches eee echo one ee eae P. pallida, (p. 236)
Not with combination of characters given above..............-.-.-.- 14
Carapace: generally dark brown to black through middle region; with a
narrow central white stripe from opposite PME to middle of posterior
declivity; a short broad lateral whitish stripe; a very narrow brownish
marginal stripe; several light and dark narrow oblique stripes in ocular
region. Abdomen: dorsum with intricate pattern of bright red and black
stripes and dots. Epigynum: with a broad shallow posterior marginal
notch; a slender medial septum in posterior half of plate; anterior half of
plate with a single recurved central depression. ..... P. pratensis, (p. 239)
Carapace: ocular area dark brown; elsewhere with seven stripes; a central
white stripe from thoracic groove to posterior border, a lateral whitish
stripe, a marginal brownish stripe, and dorsolateral brownish stripe on each
side. Abdomen: with no red stripes or red bars; with three irregular dorsal

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 205

and dorsolateral light stripes, and two dorsal brownish stripes. Epigynum:
with a shallow posterior marginal notch; just in front of posterior margin,
occupying central part of plate, is a large, somewhat oval depression... ..

P. simplicicava, (p. 240)

PHIALE ALICEAE spec. nov.
Figures 172-173

_ Male holotype. Total length 4.48 mm. Carapace 2.32 mm. long,
1.60 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy forty forty-
sevenths of the width of the carapace at their level, 1.02 mm. tall and,
therefore, .64 as tall as wide; gently arched from AME to steep poste-
rior declivity which begins about three fifths of the distance from PLE
to posterior border; with a plentiful supply of black and white hair
distributed as given later; with a short median longitudinal thoracic
groove a short distance behind PLE.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that dorsal borders of AME are
level with those of ALE. Anterior row wider than posterior row in
ratio of 63 : 60, wider than middle row in ratio of 63 : 56. Quadrangle
of laterals wider than long in ratio of 63 : 46. Total eye space occupies
about twenty-seven fifty-firsts of the length of the carapace. Ratio of
eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 21 : 11.5: 3.5 : 10. AME slightly
separated from one another, and from ALE. Middle eyes equidistant
from ALE and PLE. Height of clypeus equal to one fourth of the
diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with a fringe of yellowish
bristles along ventral margin, three long bristles beneath outer border
of AME, and three long brown upturned bristles in lower angle be-
tween AME.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical; only gently rounded in front; with a
well developed basal boss; basal segment .85 mm. long. Fang fairly
robust, evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; with two promarginal
teeth as usual; with a single rather robust retromarginal tooth.

Mazillae. Essentially parallel; very weakly concave along outer
border; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 27 : 16; outer
distal angle continued far to outer side where a distinct hook appears
in an unusual position. |

Lip. Wider than long in ratio of about 5 : 4; well rounded distally;
basal excavations reach about one third the length of the organ;
reaches just short of the middle of the maxillae; sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 21 : 16, widest
between second coxae; anterior border wider than base of lip; moder-

206 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

ately convex, especially in posterior half; posterior end bluntly

rounded and not extended between fourth coxae which are barely

separated. :
Legs. 14382. Tibial index of first leg 14, of fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 1.47 83 1.26 .96 64 5.16
2. 1.15 64 73 64 A5 3.61
ay 1.34 70 .90 .96 51 4.41
4, 1.47 64 1020s 1.08 58 4.79
Palp 83 28 26 — 83 2.20

All legs with a moderate supply of long and short simple hair. First
pair with more ventral hair on patellae and tibiae and metatarsi than
others and this might be regarded as the vestiges of a ventral fringe.
Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 2;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral 1-0-1, ventral 2(pro-
marginal small)—2—2(terminal); metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2.
Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only prolateral 1-1-1,
ventral 1r-2-2 on right side, 1r-1r-1p-—0 on left side; metatarsus as in
first except prolateral 0-1. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolat-
eral 0-O0-1-2, retrolateral only distal 2; patella prolateral and retro-
lateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1,
ventral 1p—O-2; metatarsus prolateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral
0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral
distal 2; patella as in third; tibia as in third except ventral 0-lp—0-2
on right, 1p-lp-0-2 on left; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral
1-1-2, ventral 0-2-2. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1-1-1-0.
Palp. Femur only slightly bent prolaterally, principally in the
basal half, considerably widened dorsoventrally so that it is longer
than wide in ratio of about 2 : 1; with a dorsal distal cap of long white
lanceolate hairs; patella and tibia both short and of about equal
length; tibial retrolateral apophysis a broad, deeply excavated, dorsally
curved hook; bulb considerably swollen, distinctly bilobed at base;
embolus with a broad base and a slender distal spine nearly as long as
basal part, accompanied by a lateral process about as long as the whole
embolus including the base and hooked distally (Figs. 172-173).
Abdomen. Ovoid, almost a perfect oval in outline; longer than wide
in ratio of 7 : 4; widest about three sevenths of length from base; anal
tubercle a short flattened black cone; spinnerets as usual in the genus;

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 207

position of colulus not specially indicated; tracheal spiracle near base
of spinnerets and with a thin lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally dark brown, almost black be-
cause of presence of simple black hair; a central yellowish white stripe
from just behind AME to a point about the middle of steep posterior
declivity; widest just behind PLE; a fairly broad yellowish white
marginal stripe on each side from opposite PME to posterolateral
corner. Palps yellowish brown except the darker proximal half of
femur. Chelicerae dark brown in front, elsewhere light brown. Ster-
num almost black. Maxillae and lip dark brown with whitish tips.
Legs: first coxae dark brown, second coxae whitish except a retrolateral
rounded dark brown spot, third and fourth coxae entirely whitish; first
leg beyond coxa brown with femur darkest and tarsi light brown;
second leg with dark femur, yellowish with brown spots elsewhere;
third leg much like second except the spots are lacking on tarsi and
metatarsi, and scarce on tibiae and patellae; fourth pair much like
second. Abdomen: black at base and along lateral sides; dorsally a
narrow whitish basal band continues dorsolaterally as a narrow stripe
beyond middle, with a small white dorsolateral spot still farther pos-
teriorly; nearly whole dorsal area bright rust-red with a narrow light
colored central bar, a small white spot on anterior border of the black
posterior tip end including anal tubercle; venter with a short, median,
nearly black stripe, on each side of which is a short yellowish stripe;
elsewhere nearly black.

Type locality. Male holotype from Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936.
No paratypes.

PHIALE BICUSPIDATA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene bicuspidata F. Cambridge, 1901
P. bicuspidata Simon, 1903

Cyrene bicuspidata Banks, 1909

P. bicuspidata Petrunkevitch, 1911

P. bicuspidata Petrunkevitch, 1925

Formerly known from three localities in Panama and Costa Rica.
I have found it common in several places where I have collected and I
have it from the following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June—
July, 1934; June—Aug., 1936; June-Aug., 1939; El Valle, R. P., July,
1936; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Ft. Davis, C. Z., Aug., 1936;
France Field and Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939; Chilibre and Madden
Dam region, C: Z., Aug., 1939; C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z., July—-Aug.,
1939; Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

208 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

PHIALE BILOBATA (F. Cambridge), 1901
Figures 174-177

Cyrene bilobata F. Cambridge, 1901
Freya bilobata Petrunkevitch, 1911
F. bilobata Petrunkevitch, 1925

F. bilobata Banks, 1929

Male hypotype. Total length 5.76 mm. Carapace 2.82 mm. long,
1.86 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy six sevenths
of the full width of carapace at their level, 1.15 mm. tall and, therefore,
considerably less than two thirds as tall as wide. Ascent very gentle
from AME to just medial to PLE, then almost flat to beginning of
steep posterior declivity, about four sevenths of distance from PLE to |
posterior border; a short median longitudinal thoracic groove begin-
ning between posterior borders of PLE. Numerous long black bristles
in ocular area.

Eyes. Viewed from above, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE lie slightly ventral to dorsal borders of AME. Ante-
rior row and posterior row equally wide. Anterior row and posterior
row wider than middle row in ratio of 33 : 29. Quadrangle of laterals
wider than long in ratio of 33 : 25. Total eye space occupies eight
seventeenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME
: PLE = 23 :10.5:3:10. AME barely separated and only slightly
farther from ALE. Middle eyes about equidistant from ALE and PLE.
Height of clypeus equal to one fifth the diameter of AME. Clypeus
decorated with a moderate amount of long white hair which converges
toward middle line, two long stiff bristles beneath each AME and three
forming a triangle in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Fairly robust, somewhat swollen in front in a low ridge
which extends from basal medial corner toward outer distal corner but
disappears before reaching it; parallel; with a few long whitish hairs in
front; basal segment 1.00 mm. Jong. Fang moderately robust, evenly
curved. Fang groove with a fairly stout bicuspid tooth on promargin
(only a single cusp on right side, but paratypes seem to show it as a
regular feature); a single simple stout retromarginal tooth (Fig. 174).

Mavwillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of 7 : 3;
anterior border of outer corner with a small hook a short distance from
margin; with well developed scopula along truncature and a part of
medial edge (Fig. 175). Some features only observable by dissection
of paratypes.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 209

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 11 : 9; inserted somewhat dorsal
to level of anterior border of sternum; basal excavations reach a little
beyond basal third; reaches wel! beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal
suture straight.

Sternum. Generally scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of about
5 : 3; almost equally wide between second and third coxae; posterior
end blunt and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated
by one fourth of their width.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 13, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(Ail measurements in millimeters)
1 1.73 1.15 1.60 1.21 sll 6.46
QF 1.35 50. .90 .90 58 4.50
3. 1.54 .82 1.02 1.26 08 5.22
4. 1.54 76 me 1.35 64 5.44
Palp .66 .24 24 — 75 1.89

A poorly developed ventral fringe on anterior femora and patellae.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral distal 2; patella only prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia only
prolateral 1-0-1, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus prolateral
and retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2-2 (some irregularities in spination
have been noted between right and left sides as well as among different
individuals; where a spine occurs on one side and not on the other I
have recorded it as present). Second leg: femur and patella as in first
except patella retrolateral 0; tibia only prolateral 1-1, ventral lr—2-2;
metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral
and retrolateral 0-O0-0-1-2; patella as in first; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, pro-
lateral and retrolateral 1-1-1 (middle one out of line dorsally), ventral
0-lp-2; metatarsus prolateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2—Ip.
Fourth leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia as in third except ventral
2-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 0-2-2
Palpal spines: femur dorsal 0-1-1-0.

Palp. Femur curved prolaterally; a snow white dorsal crest on distal
half is continued onto proximal half of patella; patella and tibia equal
in length and both short; tibia with a small, retrolateral, distal, strongly
chitinized lobe and a short, somewhat beak-like and somewhat flat-
tened, retrolateral apophysis; bulb bilobed at base; contiguous to
retrolateral tibial apophysis basal lobe is more than twice as long as
other lobe; embolus a very short spine at tip of bulb (Figs. 176-177).

210 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Fig. 170.
Fig. 171.
Figs. 172-173.

Fig. 174.
Fig. 175.
Figs. 176-177.

Fig. 178.
Figs. 179-180.

External Anatomy of Spiders

Monaga benigna Chickering; first leg, prolateral view.

M. benigna Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Phiale aliceae Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

P. bilobata, male cheliceral teeth.

P. bilobata, male maxilla.

P. bilobata, male palp, ventral view; and palpal tibia, retro-
lateral view.

Phiale delecta, epigynum, ventral view.

P. donaldi Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view, larger scale.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 211

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 2 : 1; widest about
two fifths from base; anal tubercle a somewhat flattened yellowish
white cone; spinnerets of moderate length and with relative propor-
tions as usual in this group, posterior pair spread apart so as to expose
to view the middle pair; position of colulus uncertain; tracheal spiracle
near base of spinnerets and not guarded by a tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Palp: femur brownish, much streaked with black;
the more distal segments amber color; femur and patella with white
hair as already noted. Chelicerae very dark brown in front, amber
behind and around fang and fang groove. Maxillae and lip dark brown,
more or less streaked, yellowish white at tips. All legs dark brown with
much black hair and spots of white hair which is very easily removed
by rubbing; first and second coxae dark brown, third coxae much
lighter, fourth coxae yellowish white. Sternum dark brown. Carapace:
a white spot behind AME; a white stripe on each side beginning at
ALE and passing backward below PME and PLE, curves dorsally to
connect with a large white spot which in life may cover most of
thoracic region from PLE to beginning of steep posterior declivity;
another white spot on each side just dorsal to and behind PME;
background color is dark brown to light brown beneath white hair on
dorsal part of thoracic region; much black hair especially on lateral
sides and posterior declivity; a white stripe of moderate width on each
side from posterolateral corner to opposite PLE. Abdomen: nearly
black at base; this continues laterally to spinnerets which are black
except at their bases where they are yellowish white; dorsal to black
base is a narrow white band which also continues laterally nearly to
base of spinnerets; there are two bright rust-red stripes joined ante-
riorly but separated centrally by a narrow whitish stripe; beneath the
red stripes the ground color is dark brown and, since hairs which give
the red color are easily rubbed off, the color may be almost anything
between brown and red (Cambridge described it as “brown-yellow,
with a complete marginal white band and a broken central dorsal pale
band”); venter nearly black with four rows of yellowish dots and a tri-
angular yellowish white spot just behind genital groove (this spot is
sometimes reduced to disappearance in certain specimens).

Type locality. Male hypotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1936; numerous males from the same locality, June-July, 1934,
1936; July, 1939; Frijoles and C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

212 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE: ZOOLOGY

PHIALE DELECTA (Peckham), 1896
Figure 178

Cyrene delecta Peckham, 1896
C. delecta F. Cambridge, 1901
P. delecta Simon, 1903
C. delecta Banks, 1909
P. delecta Petrunkevitch, 1911
P. delecta Petrunkevitch, 1925

I have one female from Porto Bello, R. P., and another from Arrai-
jan, R. P., both taken in Aug., 1936. Both are well marked and not
badly rubbed as they are so likely to be after so much transportation
and handling. They are identical in their markings and general appear-
ance. There is a white band just behind AME; the central stripe is
broad between PLE, narrows gradually and extends nearly to posterior
margin, but does not extend forward to meet the white band; the
lateral stripes are rather narrow, leaving the ventral border almost
black; thus in the thoracic area there are four black and three white
stripes; the clypeus has a coat of white hairs continuous with the
lateral white stripes. The Peckhams’ specimens from Mexico (others
are not available now) usually have no broad marginal dark stripes, at
most a very narrow marginal stripe and this leads me to suspect more
or less well marked color varieties of this species in Central and South
America throughout its range. The epigynum (Fig. 178) is scalloped
along its posterior margin; two small black spots occur in the middle
of the plate; two large oval spermathecae lie somewhat more than the
length of one of them apart near the lateral ends of the posterior mar-
gin of plate. The epigynum appears somewhat different to me than it
apparently did to Professor Petrunkevitch (25) whose figure may be
compared with mine.

PHIALE DONALDI spec. nov.
Figures 179-180

Male holotype. Total length 6.02 mm. Carapace 2.88 mm. long;
2.05 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy about
twenty-five twenty-ninths of the whole width of carapace at their
level, 1.28 mm. tall and, therefore, .62 as tall as wide; descent from
PLE at first somewhat abrupt, then very gradual to steep posterior
declivity which begins at five sevenths of the distance from PLE to
posterior border; with a short medial longitudinal thoracic groove
beginning just behind PLE.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA PAS

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a line tangent to dorsal borders
of ALE cuts off about one tenth of the diameter of AME. Anterior row
and posterior row equally wide, both wider than middle row in ratio
of 26: 23. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 26 : 17.
Total eye space occupies twenty-one forty-sixths of length of carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 26:12:3:11. AME
slightly separated from one another and from ALE. Middle eyes
equidistant from ALE and PLE. Height of clypeus equal to one fourth
of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with a ventral
irregular row of long white hairs convergent toward the middle line,
three long brown bristles beneath outer boundary of AME, three long
upturned brown bristles in lower angle between AME, and a small
amount of simple black hair.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical; moderately produced; basal segment
1.10 mm. long; moderately swollen in front near base; covered over
basal three fourths and along outer border with long white hair. Fang
moderately robust, evenly curved except in basal third where there are
irregularities on outer surface. Fang groove distinct; with two black
promarginal teeth as usual, and a single fairly robust black retro-
marginal tooth. |

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in ratio of 7 : 3; quite deeply
notched in middle of outer border; outer distal angle drawn out into a
broad tubercle which adds considerably to the width of distal end; palp
inserted into basal two fifths.

Iip. As wide as long; basal excavations reach about one third of
length of organ; reaches a little beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal
suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform; longer than wide in middle in ratio of 10 : 7;
widest between second coxae; moderately convex especially in poste-
rior half; anterior border slightly narrower than base of lip; posterior
end bluntly rounded and not extended between fourth coxae which
are separated by nearly one third of their width. Anterior coxae con-
siderably the stoutest.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 11, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
ie 2.24 1.21 2.18 1573 98 8.34
7h, 1.60 .96 1.10 .96 61 5.23
3. 1.79 .90 1.20 5 eal 70 6.00
4, 2.03 .90 1.26 1.53 .69 6.41
Palp 82 .o2 30 — 83 D4 PA

214 . BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

All legs with a moderate amount of long and short simple hair. First
and second femora have an unusual amount of erect white simple hair
on prolateral and ventral surfaces.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal] 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 2;
- patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 1-0-1, ventral
2-2-2 (terminal); metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur
and patella as in first except femur retrolateral 0-O—1-2; tibia prolateral
1-0-1, retrolateral 1-0-0, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus prolateral 1-1,
retrolateral 0-1, ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, pro-
lateral 0-1-2, retrolateral only distal 2; patella prolateral and retro-
lateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1,
ventral 1p-O0-2; metatarsus prolateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral
0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in third except femur retro-
lateral distal 1; tibia as in third; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral
1-1-2, ventral 0-2-2. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1-1-1.

Palp. Femur only slightly bent prolaterally; patella and tibia both
short and about equally long; tibial retrolateral apophysis a short
robust spur which is turned in distal half at a right angle toward base
of cymbium where it appears to fit into an excavation [somewhat as in
Freya grisea (F. Cambridge)]|; bulb considerably swollen basally where
a retrolateral lobule overlaps the tibia; embolus arises from beneath
anterior end of larger subdivision as a very short, sharply pomted
spine (Figs. 179-180).

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 12 : 7, widest about
one third from base from which region it tapers nearly to a posterior
point; short flattened conical anal tubercle with a tuft of snow white
hairs; spinnerets as usual in the group; position of colulus indicated by
a tuft of stiff bairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with a
thin lip but with no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: ground color light brownish, much
spotted and streaked with black, but the black hair makes a generally
somber appearance; a central white spot just behind AME; a small
white spot just ventral to and behind PME; between PLE is a large
light spot narrowed at thoracic groove and overlaid with white hairs
extending to middle of steep posterior declivity. Sternum yellowish
brown with many small, dark brown dots and covered with stiff white
bristles. Chelicerae reddish brown with white hairs as already noted.
Maxillae and lip brown with yellowish white tips. Legs: first and
second pairs brown, much streaked with lighter and darker shades;
third and fourth pairs with much the same markings as first and second,
but each femur has a large elongated patch of white lanceolate hairs in

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 215

middle of dorsal surface. Abdomen: nearly black at base and dorso-
laterally; centrally at base is a large yellowish spot, the first of a series
of six diminishing in size and extending nearly to anal tubercle; on
each side of the fourth central yellowish spot is a small light colored
spot; black and yellow color due to hair, when rubbed the color pat-
tern may be very different; two pairs of obscure dorsal sigilla in second
fourth from base; lateral sides nearly black, with an oblique whitish
mark near middle and a similar short stripe in posterior third; venter
whitish with a short, black, medially constricted central stripe in
front of genital groove and a short black stripe on each side in poste-
rior third with a black bar just in front of tracheal spiracle.

Type locality. Male holotype from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1939. Six male paratypes from: Canal Zone Biological Area,
June-July, 1934; June, August, 1936; Madden Dam region, C. Z.,
Aug., 1936; Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., July-August, 1939. |

PHIALE DYBOWSKI! (Taczanowski), 1871
Figures 181-183

Attus dybowskiz Taczanowski, 1871
Pachomius dybowskii Peckham, 1896

Cyrene dybowskii F. Cambridge, 1901

Phiale dybowskii Simon, 1903

P. dybowskii Petrunkevitch, 1911

Pachomius dybowskii Banks, 1929

Phiale lineola Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936
Freya nannispina Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936

The Peckhams regarded this species as a close relative of Balma-
ceda, Pseudicius, and Menemerus. F. Cambridge did not have the
male in his collection and did not include it in his keys because he
thought the available descriptions were not sufficiently revealing for
the purpose. This is a common species on the Atlantic side of Panama
and also occurs on the Pacific side. Since no detailed description has
ever been published, I consider it worth while to do so at this time.

Male hypotype. Total length 5.25 mm. Carapace 2.88 mm. long,
1.90 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy nearly fif-
teen sixteenths of the total width of the carapace at their level, 1.22
mm. tall and, therefore, .66 as tall as wide; well supplied with white
and black hair; descent very gradual from PLE 1o steep posterior

rg

216 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

declivity which begins about half way from PLE to posterior border;
a short median longitudinal thoracic groove beginning just opposite
the posterior borders of PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal bor-
ders of AME are just slightly dorsal to those of ALE. Anterior row
equal in width to posterior row, both wider than middle row in ratio
of 50 : 48. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 25 : 19.
Total eye space occupies forty-six eighty-fifths of length of carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 25 : 12.5 :3 : 11.5. AME
separated from one another by one twentieth of their diameter, from
ALE by one twelfth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than
to PLE in ratio of about 7 : 9. Height of clypeus equal to one third the
diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with long white lanceolate hair
which thickly covers the ventral two thirds of clypeal space beneath
AME but swings upward laterally to unite with lateral white stripes,
a single long brownish bristle beneath outer margin of each AME, and
three long upturned bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, moderately produced; with basal seg-
ment 1.02 mm. long; with well developed boss; considerably swollen in
front about two fifths from base, with a group of white hairs covering
the gibbosity. Fang moderately robust, especially at base, evenly
curved. Fang groove distinct; as usual in the genus, with the smaller
medial and the larger outer promarginal teeth at inner end of groove;
retromargin with a single, fairly robust tooth near medial end of
groove.

Mazillae. Parallel, longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
7:3; moderately notched in middle of outer border; outer distal
corner smoothly rounded and continuous with distal border, with
no tubercle or hook.

Tip. Longer than wide in ratio of 12 : 11; moderately convex along
posterior surface; basal excavations reach nearly five twelfths the
length of the organ; reaches a little beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal
suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of about
5 : 3, widest between second coxae; moderately convex; anterior border
slightly narrower than base of lip; posterior end squarely truncate and
not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by two
fifths of their width.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first and fourth legs 13.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA ALTE

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 1.66 1.03 1.54 1.08 al 6.08
2. 1.29 M7 90 oe 08 4.31
3. 1.54 ipl .96 1.15 08 4.94
4, 1.60 82 1.23 1.34 65 5.64
Palp 300 .28 22 = oO 2.04

All legs with a moderate supply of long and short simple hair and white
lanceolate hair in spots as noted later. No fringes on any legs.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2; patella
only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 1-0-1, ventral 2-2-2
(terminal); metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur and
patella as in first; tibia only prolateral 1-1 (offset dorsally )—1, ventral
lr—2-2; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1, ventral 0—2-2.. Third leg:
femur dorsal O-1-1-1, prolateral O-O-1-2, retrolateral O-O-1-1;
patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-1; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral
and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 0-1p—O0-2; metatarsus dorsal 0-1-0,
prolateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur
dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral 0-O-1-2, retrolateral only distal 1 on left
and distal 2 on right; patella and tibia as in third; metatarsus pro-
lateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 0O-Ir-2. Palpal spines: femur
dorsal 1-1-1, and two short straight spines at distal end of eymbium.

Palp. Femur moderately bent prolaterally; both patella and tibia
short, with latter about three fourths as long as former; retrolateral
tibial apophysis a very short slender spur bent ventrally at a forty-five
degree angle; distal two thirds of femur and whole of patella covered
dorsally with white lanceolate hairs; bulb moderately swollen, with a
retrolateral basal lobule which overlaps the tibia; embolus a very short
spine arising near distal end of bulb on prolateral side (Figs. 181-182).

Abdomen. Ovoid, almost a complete oval in outline from base to
anal tubercle; longer than wide in ratio of 3 : 2, widest in middle;
spinnerets slender, with posterior pair spread apart so that slender
middle pair is exposed; position of colulus indicated by a small tuft of
black hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with indistinct
lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace; generally a rich mahogany brown, with
eyes on black spots, and with black hair increasing depth of color:
white lanceolate hair distributed in a series of spots; a smal! white spot
between PME and PLE, a median narrow white stripe from thoracic
groove about half way to posterior border, and a marginal white stripe
from clypeus to posterolateral corner on each side. Chelicerae brown
with white hair in front. Maxillae and lip lighter brown with yellow-

218 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

ish white tips. Sternum with an irregular light yellowish margin, else-
where dark brown. Legs: first coxae brown, all others yellowish white;
first pair of legs brownish with nearly black dorsal streaks and white
lanceolate hairs on dorsal surfaces of femora and a small prolateral
spot on patellae and a white annulus near middle of tibiae and meta-
tarsi; second pair of legs much like first pair but lighter in color; third
and fourth pairs yellowish white with dark brown markings the most
conspicuous of which are ventral sides of femora and prolateral and
retrolateral sides of tibiae and metatarsi. Abdomen: nearly black at
base with silvery hairs; just dorsal to this dark area is a narrow white
basal band which continues dorsolaterally as a short stripe; extending
through central dorsal region is a nearly black stripe containing a small
white spot near middle and a short white bar near posterior end; be-
hind the short dorsolateral white stripe are two more white spots just
in front of the corresponding dorsal white spots; from the median dark
stripe to the dorsolateral white spots the whole dorsum is a bright rust-
red; in some males the dorsolateral white stripes connect with the first
pair of dorsolateral white spots to make a curved mark which is charac-
teristic of the female; lateral sides almost black; venter white for about
half way from genital groove to base of spinnerets, elsewhere nearly
black behind genital groove, but’in front of it yellowish white with very
small dark dots concentrated in middle.

Female. Epigynum with only a slight posterior marginal notch, but
with a strongly chitinized lip dorsal to which there appears to be a dis-
tinct recess; in anterior half of epigynal plate there is a pair of shallow
depressions separated by a low and somewhat wrinkled septum; each
depression is bounded posteriorly by a chitinized recurved lip (Fig.
183). Color pattern of female appears to be quite constant, especially
on the abdomen, except as the loose white scales are rubbed off.

Type locality. Male hypotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1939. Many males and females from ‘the following localities:
Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; July-Aug., 1936; June-
Sept., 1939; Arraijan, R. P., Aug., 1936; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug,.
1936; El Valle, R. P., 1936; Madden Dam region, C. Z., Aug., 1939;
C. Z. Forest Reserve, Aug., 1939; Balboa, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Ft. Sher-
man, C. Z., 1939.

‘

PHIALE ELEGANS (F’. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene elegans F. Cambridge, 1901
P. elegans Simon, 1903

P. elegans Petrunkevitch, 1911

P. elegans Petrunkevitch, 1925

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 219

So far as I can determine this species has not been found in Panama
since its description by Cambridge, and it has not yet appeared in my
collection.

PHIALE FLAVESCENS (Peckham), 1896

Pachomius flavescens Peckham, 1896
Cyrene flavescens F. Cambridge, 1901
Phiale flavescens Simon, 1903

P. flavescens Petrunkevitch, 1911

P. flavescens Petrunkevitch, 1925

The type is in the Peckham collection at the Museum of Compara-
tive Zodlogy at Harvard College. Cambridge did not have the species
in his collection and, apparently, it has not been taken since Count
Keyserling sent the single female to the Peckhams for study. It has
not yet appeared in my collection.

PHIALE GEMINATA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene geminata F. Cambridge, 1901
P. geminata Simon, 1903

P. geminata Petrunkevitch, 1911

P. geminata Petrunkevitch, 1925

Cambridge had a single female in poor condition upon which to
base the species. Apparently it has not been taken since the date of
the original collection. I have already stated that the specimens in
the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy now labelled this species are a
mixture of F. demarcata C. and I. and F. albosignata (F. Cambridge).
I conclude, therefore, that the species has not been found in Panama
since the date of the original collection studied by Cambridge. The
species has not yet appeared in my collection.

PHIALE INTERRUPTA (F. Cambridge), 1901
Figures 184-186

Cyrene interrupta F. Cambridge, 1901
. interrupta Simon, 1903

. interrupta Banks, 1909

. interrupta Petrunkevitch, 1911

. interrupta Petrunkevitch, 1925

. delecta Banks, 1929

ae) el Me GY re)

ZOO: BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

There seems to be little doubt of the correct identification of the
females of this species. Mr. Banks had a male from Costa Rica which
he considered to belong with the females from the same locality but he
did not describe it. I believe the male from Gamboa, C. Z., identified
by Mr. Banks as P. delecta (Peckham), is the same as the male from
Costa Rica and that both belong with the males which I have collected
in several places with females. The remarkable similarity in respect to
palpi among the males of the group to which P. delecta, P. interrupta,
and what F. Cambridge considered P. aprica belong will be a disap-
pointment to those who rely chiefly upon palpal features for the separa-
tion of species.

Male allotype. Total length 6.21 mm. Carapace 3.01 mm. long, 2.05
mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy about thirteen
fifteenths of the total width of the carapace at their level, 1.41 mm.
tall and, therefore, about .69 as tall as wide; descent from PLE gradual
until steep posterior declivity which begins about four sevenths of the
distance from PLE to posterior border; a short median longitudinal
thoracic groove slightly behind PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME are only slightly above those of ALE. Anterior row
slightly wider than posterior row, wider than middle row in ratio of
54 : 47. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of about 11 : 7.
Total eye space occupies forty-three eighty-ninths of the length of
carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 25 : 13 :4:12.
AME contiguous, separated from ALE by one twentieth of their
diameter. Middle eyes slightly closer to ALE than to PLE. Height of
clypeus equal] to two fifths of the diameter of AME. Clypeus deco-
rated by a covering of white lanceolate hairs over its ventral half, a
transverse row of eight white bristles through the middle, several other
whitish bristles along ventral margin, and three long upturned light
brownish bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical, moderately long; basal segment 1.09
mm. long, basal half somewhat swollen in front and covered with long
white hairs. Fang moderately robust, evenly curved. Fang groove dis-
tinct; with two promarginal. contiguous teeth, the inner small, the
outer robust; with a single, fairly robust retromarginal tooth.

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of 16 : 7;
quite concave in middle of outer border; serrula continues over outer
distal angle to concavity; with no distinct tubercle or hook on outer dis-

tal corner.
Lip. Slightly wider than long; basal excavations reach about one

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 22M

NW

|

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 181-182. Phiale dybowskii, male palp, ventral view; and palpal tibia,
retrolateral view. °

Fig. 183. P. dybowskii, epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 184-185. P. interrupta, male palp, ventral view; and palpal tibia, retro-
lateral view.

Fig. 186. P. interrupta, epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 187. Phiale maculosa Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 188-189. P. magnifica, male palp, ventral view; and palpal tibia, retro-
lateral view.

222 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

third of length of organ; reaches about four sevenths the length of the
maxillae. Sternal suture slightly procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 10 : 7;
anterior border slightly narrower than base of lip; posterior end very
bluntly rounded and not extended between fourth coxae which are
separated by nearly one half their diameter. Neither coxae nor tro-
chanters much enlarged or elongated.

Legs. 1342. Tibial index of first leg 12, of fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
iL, 2.11 1.28 2.05 1.66 ah 7.87
2 1.53 .96 1.09 .96 57 5.11
3. 1.66 .95 1.14 1.34 .70 5.79
4, 1.66 83 1e22, 1.41 .64 5.76
Palp Mi 28 .26 — .80 2.11

All legs with a moderate supply of hair but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 2;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 1-0-1, ventral
2-1p-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur
and patella as in first except femur retrolateral distal 2; tibia and meta-
tarsus as in first. Third leg: femur as in first except retrolateral 0-O0-
1-2; patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, pro-
lateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 0-1p—O0-2; metatarsus prolateral
1-1, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as
‘in second; tibia as in third except ventral 0—2-0-2; metatarsus pro-
lateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-1p-lr-2. Palpal spines: only
femur dorsa] 0-1—1—0-1.

Palp. Femur only slightly bent prolaterally; with a small crest of
dorsal white hairs on distal half of femur and dorsal side of patella;
tibial retrolateral apophysis a simple spur, broad at base, hooked a
little toward cymbium distally; bulb moderately swollen, with a retro-
lateral lobule at base; embolus arises near distal border of bulb and
extends as a slender sinuous spine towards distal end of cymbium
(Figs. 184-185).

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of about 5 :3, widest two’
fifths from base, tapered from there nearly to a point at anal tubercle;
spinnerets rather slender but as usual in the genus; position of colulus
indicated by a tuft of black hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spin-
nerets, with distinct lip but with no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally brown with many black spots

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 225

and streaks; eyes on black spots; a rather heavy coat of black short
simple hair; in addition to white hairs on clypeus there are six small
white spots as follows: one in region of thoracic groove, one just at be-
ginning of steep posterior declivity, one on each side between PME
and PLE, and one at each posterolateral corner; the size of these spots
varies considerably in the paratypes partly because of the ease with
which the white lanceolate hairs composing them are rubbed off.
Legs: all are brownish with femora dark brown, becoming lighter from
the first back to fourth, all are lighter dorsally and ventrally; third and
fourth femora with a white annulus in the middle. Sternum light
yellowish centrally, dark marginally. Chelicerae reddish brown with
white hairs on anterior surface. Maxillae and lip brownish with yel-
lowish white tips. Abdomen: dark brown at base; in center at dorsal
border of dark base is a small white spot; at each anterolateral corner
is a somewhat elongated white spot; a short distance from base is an
incomplete obscure narrow recurved bar; near the middle is a broad
black bar united behind with another broad black bar which in turn is
united with a black central spot just anterior to anal tubercle; the two
broad bars enclose a row of four central obscure lighter spots and at
sides of this row is a pair of small white spots between the two black
bars; the whole dorsal area around these spots and extending dorso-
laterally is a deep orange red; laterally yellowish with black spots and
short black stripes all overlaid with the orange red which fades out
toward ventral side; venter yellowish brown with small irregular black
spots through the center bordered by yellowish dots. There is consid-
erable variation in abdominal coloration among paratypes.

~ Female. A figure of the epigynum has been prepared for comparison
with Cambridge’s figures (Fig. 186).

Type locality. Male allotype from Canal Zone Biological Area, June,
1934. Paratype males and females from Canal Zone Biological Area,
June-July, 1934; July, 1936; June—Sept., 1939; Porto Bello, R. P.,
Aug., 1936; Madden Dam region, C. Z., Aug., 1936; C.'Z. Forest Re-
serve, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

PHIALE MACULOSA spec. nov.
Figure 187

This is the species identified as Freya flava (F. Cambridge) by Mr:-
Banks (’29). It seems to me to be an undescribed species and I am
treating it as such in this study.

Female holotype. Total length 5.89 mm. Carapace 2.62 mm. long,

224 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

1.66 mm. wide considerably behind PLE which occupy sixty-three
seventy-firsts of the width of the carapace at their level, 1.02 mm. tall
and, therefore, about .61 as tall as wide; descent behind PLE slight to
steep posterior declivity which begins about two fifths of the distance
from PLE to posterior border; a short median longitudinal thoracic
groove just behind PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME are level with those of ALE. Posterior row wider than
anterior row in ratio of 63 : 61, wider than middle row in ratio of 63 :
54. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 63 : 45. Total
eye space occupies thirty-six seventy-ninths of length of carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 22 : 11 :2.5:10. AME
separated from one another by one twenty-second of their diameter,
almost contiguous to ALE. Middle eyes slightly closer to ALE than
to PLE. Height of clypeus equal to two elevenths of the diameter of
AME. Clypeus decorated only with a fringe of whitish bristles, five
or six long convergent bristles beneath each AME and two long up-
turned brownish bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical; considerably swollen in front begin-
ning near base; basal segment .77 mm. long. Fang fairly robust, evenly
curved. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth and a single retro-
marginal tooth as usual in the genus.

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
5 : 3; moderately dilated distally; only moderately notched in middle
of outer border; outer distal angle smoothly rounded, with no tubercle
or hook.

Lip: As wide as long; nearly squarely truncated at distal end; basal
excavations reach one third of length of organ; reaches just slightly
beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 12 : 7;
moderately convex; anterior border considerably narrower than base
of lip; posterior end rounded and not extended between fourth coxae
which are separated by one sixth of their diameter.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 20, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.21 80 83 .64 .50 3.98
2. 1.08 64 64 OL 44 3.31
3. 1.34 .70 83 .96 54 4.37
4. 1.53 70 .96 1.08 1 4.78

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 225

All legs with a moderate supply of hair but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 2;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 1-0-1, ventral
2-2-2 (terminal); metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and
patella as in first; tibia and metatarsus as in first except tibia ventral
1r-2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral 0—-0-1-2, retro-

lateral only distal 1; patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia pro-
- lateral 1-1-1 on right side, 0-1-1 on left side, retrolateral 1-1-1, ven-
tral 0-1p-2-2; metatarsus prolateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1 (offset dor-
sally)-2, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in third except
femur prolateral distal 1; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ven-
tral 0-1p-2-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral
0-2-2. Palpal spines: a row of about six small dorsal femorals.

Abdomen. Almost oval in outline; longer than wide in ratio of 52 :
29; widest near middle; anal tubercle a short white flattened cone with
a tuft of yellowish hairs; spinnerets as usual in the genus; position of
colulus as usual marked by a tuft of black hairs; tracheal spiracle near
base of spmnerets, hardly discernible.

Epigynum. Posterior margin with a shallow notch, but an opening
dorsal to lip passes into a recess which causes the notch to appear
deeper than it actually is; plate somewhat wider than long; central
part of plate contains two shallow depressions where two curved
structures meet and fit into one another (Fig. 187).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: whole ocular area black with whitish
hairs scattered over its surface; two indefinite black stripes diverge
from beginning of steep posterior declivity to posterior border; a very
narrow black line along ventral margin; elsewhere amber with black
dots and some black hair. Legs and mouth parts light amber; first pair
of legs with indefinite prolateral and retrolateral dusty stripes. Ab-
domen: a blackish bar at base continues as a narrow lateral stripe;
dorsal to the black basal bar is a whitish bar which continues dorso-
laterally as a definite white stripe nearly to posterior end; extending
from base to near posterior end is a dorsal central whitish Stripe nar-
row at first but suddenly widened at posterior end into a narrow bar
just anterior to the black tip of the abdomen; dorsal regions between
the central white stripe and the white dorsolateral stripes are taken up
by two nearly black stripes overlaid with rust-red hairs (if red hairs are
rubbed off, as they nearly always are to some extent, the stripes are
black); venter yellowish white with a broad, somewhat U-shaped black
figure procurved in the posterior three fifths.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,

226 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

July, 1939; many paratypes from the same locality: June-July, 1934;
June, Aug., 1936; July-Aug., 1939.

PHIALE MAGNIFICA (Banks), 1909
Figures 188-191

Cyrene magnifica Banks, 1909
P. magnifica Petrunkevitch, 1911
P. magnifica Banks, 1929

Banks (’09) described this large and beautiful species from females
alone, collected in Costa Rica. He collected males and reported the
species from the Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1924, but the males
have remained undescribed up to the present time. A detailed deserip-
tion of the allotype male together with pertinent data on the females
seem to be quite worth while in this paper.

Male allotype. Total length 11.84 mm. Carapace 5.90 mm. long,
4.48 mm. wide considerably behind PLE which occupy twenty-three
thirtieths of the total width of the carapace at their level, 2.56 mm. tall
and, therefore, .57 as tall as wide; quite regularly arched dorsally from
AME to steep posterior declivity which begins about two thirds of the
distance from PLE to posterior border; rounded laterally, especially
from opposite PLE; lateral sides definitely slant outward from dorsal
margin toward ventral margin; with a short median longitudinal
thoracic groove just behind PLE; covered with a copious growth of
short black hair and slender lanceolate white hair forming the white
marks to be recorded later.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a line tangent to dorsal
borders of AME cuts off about one sixth of the diameter of ALE.
Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 45 : 43, wider than
middle row in ratio of 9 : 8. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in
ratio of about 3:2. Total eye space occupies seven eighteenths of
length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 27:
13 : 3.5 : 11.5. AME nearly contiguous, separated from ALE by one
ninth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in
ratio of 3:4. Height of clypeus equal to one third the diameter of
AME. Clypeus decorated with five or six long bristles beneath each
AME, all but the medial one black, that one white, three long upturned
bristles in lower angle between AME, and a few long white lanceolate
hairs and a few white bristles along margin.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, fairly robust, rounded in front; basal

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA Papa

segment 2.37 mm. long; with well developed basal boss. Fang stout at
base, evenly curved, robust. Fang groove distinct; with two teeth on
promargin, contiguous and united at base; a single robust retromarginal
tooth about half way from base of fang to medial end of groove.

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
3 : 2, outer border acutely notched in middle; outer distal corner nearly
a right angle but without tubercle or hook.

Inp. Slightly longer than wide; basal excavations reach only about
one fourth of length of organ; reaches to middle of maxillae; margins
gently rounded to narrow distal border. Sternal suture gently pro-
curved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 35 : 23;
widest between second coxae; anterior border narrower than base of
lip; posterior end blunt and not extended between fourth coxae which
are separated by a little more than one third of their width. No coxae
notably enlarged or elongated.

Legs. 1482. Tibial index of first leg 15, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il, 3.97 2.36 3.71 3.07 1.79 14.90
Ph. 3.26 1.85 2.23 1.98 1.15 10.47
on 3.58 1.79 2.05 2.69 1.21 11.32
4, 3.64 1.73 2.56 3.14 1.34 12.41
Palp 1.60 58 .40 — 1.73 4.31

First leg not enlarged. All legs with a copious supply of hair. First
and second legs might be considered to have a moderately well devel-
oped fringe on ventral sides of patellae, tibiae and metatarsi.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 2,
retrolateral 0-1-2; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral
1-0-1, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg:
femur dorsal 0-1-1-1-1-1, elsewhere as in first; patella as in first; tibia
prolateral 1-1, retrolateral 1-0, ventral 2-0—2-2 (terminal); metatarsus
prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal
0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral 0-O-1-2; patella prolateral and
retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 1-1 (offset dorsally)-1, retro-
lateral 1-1-1, ventral 2-0-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral
1-1-2, ventral 0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in third except
femur retrolateral only distal 2; tibia and metatarsus as in third.
Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 1-1-1 plus two other small dorsal
distal spines beneath the white hair.

228 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Palp. Femur only slightly bent, somewhat enlarged in distal half,
with a patch of white lanceolate hairs on prolateral and dorsal surfaces
of distal half; both patella and tibia short with latter about two thirds
as long as former; both distal end of tibia and adjacent proximal end
of eymbium covered by a dorsal band of white lanceolate hairs; tibial
retrolateral apophysis a long spur, stout at base and gradually tapered
to a point distally; bulb much swollen, bilobed at base, the robust lobe
overlaps tibia largely; embolus arises on prolateral side of distal end of
bulb, turns at a right angle and extends across the cymbium almost to
its distal end (Figs. 188-189).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of about 12 : 7, widest
about two fifths from base; anal tubercle a short flattened cone with-
out special hairs; spinnerets quite ordinary, inconspicuous for such a
large spider; position of colulus indicated by a large tuft of black hairs;
tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, without tubercle or promi-
nent lip.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: dark reddish brown in general; with a
pair of broad white marginal stripes from opposite PLE to postero-
lateral corners, and a small white central spot between PLE, all white
marks made by presence of white lanceolate hairs. Legs: all legs red-
dish brown with white markings; first and second pairs with white
dorsal surfaces on femora and patellae, and white dorsal patches near
the middle of tibiae and metatarsi; third and fourth pairs with white
dorsal patches near middle of femora and near proximal ends of patel-
lae, tibiae and metatarsi. Sternum and coxae all dark reddish brown,
sometimes almost black. Chelicerae, lip, and maxillae dark reddish
brown or black, the latter with whitish tips. Abdomen: almost black
with white markings; extending through central region is a row of four
white spots, the first is an elongated slender stripe about one third the
length of the abdomen, then follow two small spots, with a short bar
behind these and just anterior to the posterior end; dorsolaterally on
each side is a row of three white spots, the basal one is a short narrow
stripe, the second a short bar, and the third a rounded spot; remainder
of lateral sides and venter black with yellowish dots. Only minor vari-
ations have been noted in the color pattern of paratypes.

Female. Color in alcohol. The female was originally described as
possessing white markings and even now the Costa Rican specimens
appear to be so colored. But in my Panamanian specimens females
are usually marked with bright yellow. The clypeus and basal halves
of the chelicerae are covered with white lanceolate hairs; carapace with
five conspicuous stripes, a central stripe and a pair of broad marginal

CHICKERING: SALTACID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 229

yellow stripes with a pair of nearly black dorsolateral stripes; abdomen
with a yellow basal spot and a black band just above it which extends
laterally to join the black areas of those regions; the central row of
four spots and the three spots on each side which appear in the male
are much the same in the female except that the first two dorsolateral
spots are united across the basal end and also with the first of the
central row; the venter has four yellow stripes and three nearly black
stripes occupying the central region with a pair of yellow spots near
the middle at the sides of the stripes.

Ejygynum. Posterior margin without notch; with a recurved lip a
short distance in front of posterior margin and a distinct narrow recess;
central part of plate occupied by two large depressions each with a
central raised part bordered by a spiral boundary (Fig. 190). The
organ only shows well in females just after they have become mature.
Older specimens have the epigynum more or less covered and obscured
by a gummy secretion thus giving a very deceptive appearance to the
structure (Fig. 191).

Type locality. Male allotype from Canal Zone Biological Area, July,
1939. Many paratypes and females from the following localities: Canal
Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June-Aug., 1936; June-Sept.,
1939; Jan.—Feb., 1940; Madden Dam region, C. Z., Aug., 1936; C. Z.
Forest Reserve, C. Z., July, 1939; Gamboa, C. Z., Aug., 1939; France
Field, C. Z., Aug., 1939; Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

PHIALE mimica (C. Koch), 1846
Figures 192-196

Plexippus mimicus C. Koch, 1846
Phiale gratiosa C. Koch, 1846
Phiale gratiosa Taczanowski, 1878
Philia gratiosa Bertkau, 1880
Pardessus mimicus Peckham, 1896
P. graciosus Peckham, 1896

P. mimicus F. Cambridge, 1901
P. graciosus F. Cambridge, 1901
Phiale mimicus Simon, 1903

. mimicus Simon, 1903

. gratiosa Petrunkevitch, 1911

. mimica Petrunkevitch, 1911

. gratiosa Petrunkevitch, 1925

. mimica Petrunkevitch, 1925

ne) asl as} as} sl

230 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

I have specimens in my collection which illustrate the typical color
patterns of both P. mimica and P. gratiosa as well as several with
intermediate patterns. The color itself is almost as variable as the
pattern; apparently it can be red or yellow or some intermediate color,
or a combination of yellow and red with black. I have carefully exam-
ined several of these with different color patterns and I can find no
significant differences in the fundamental structures, hence I do not
hesitate to throw them together as indicated above. It would not be
surprising to find that P. crocea C. Koch from Brazil belongs to the
same species. In fact, I have specimens which would probably be re-
ferred to that species by the older taxonomists. Some of the more fre-
quent color patterns on the abdomens are represented in Figures 193-
196; blank spaces are red or yellow and dotted areas black. Males are
unknown.

Female hypotype. Total length 7.74 mm. Carapace 3.64 mm. long,
2.53 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy thirty-five thirty-eighths
of width of carapace at their level, 1.73 mm. tall and, therefore, about
.68 as tall as wide; descent very gradual from PLE to steep posterior
declivity which begins about half way from PLE to posterior border;
with a rich coat of hair to be recorded later; with a short median longi-
tudinal groove beginning just even with posterior borders of PLE.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that dorsal borders of AME are
level with those of ALE. Anterior row and posterior row of equal
width, both wider than middle row in ratio of 31 : 27. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of about 3 : 2. Total eye space occu-
pies five elevenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE :
PME : PLE = 29 : 14 :4.:13. AME separated from one another by
one tenth of their diameter, from ALE by slightly less. Middle eyes
slightly closer to ALE than to PLE. Height of clypeus equal to. about
one third of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with a ven-
tral fringe of slender and weak bristles and a few longer stronger bris-
tles, five or six long brown bristles beneath each AME, and three long
upturned bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical; considerably swollen in front near
medial border where there are long, stiff, distally curved brown bristles;
basal segment 1.15 mm. long. Fang robust, evenly curved. Fang
groove distinct; with two promarginal teeth as usual; a single robust
retromarginal tooth.

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
8 : 3; moderately notched in middle of outer border; outer distal angle
well rounded, with no tubercle or hook; palp inserted into proximal
third. With many stiff brown bristles on posterior surface.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA Dal

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 190. Phiale magnifica, epigynum, ventral view, normal.

Fig. 191. P. magnifica, epigynum, ventral view, after secretion of gummy
product.

Fig. 192. Phiale mimica, epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 193. P. mimica, dorsum of abdomen, gratiosa pattern.

Figs. 194, 196. P. mimica, variations in dorsal color pattern.

Fig. 195. P. mimica, dorsum of abdomen, mimica pattern.

Fig. 197. Phiale orvillei, epigynum, ventral view.

252 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Inp. Somewhat wider than long, but presence of many stiff bristles
prevents a clear view of organ. Sternal suture procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 65 : 43,
widest between second coxae; moderately convex; with many yellowish
bristles; posterior end squarely truncated, not extended between fourth
eoxae which are separated only by about one seventh of their width.
Fourth coxae somewhat the longest and first are somewhat the stout-
est, none is notably enlarged or elongated.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 23, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi —- Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

Ih. ie) 1.02 1.21 .90 .66 5.08
2. 1.79 1.15 1.05 .90 65 5.52
3. 2.22 1.22 1.28 1.66 70 7.08
4. 2.36 1.15 1.73 2.01 .76 8:01

All legs with a moderate amount of hair but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1—-1-1, prolateral only distal 2;
patella 0; tibia only prolateral 1-0-1, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only
ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first except femur
retrolateral 0-O-1-2; tibia and metatarsus as in first except tibia ven-
tral lr-2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral 0-0-1-2, retro-
lateral only distal 1; patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia
prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 0-lp-2; metatarsus pro-
lateral 1-1, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur and
patella as in third except femur prolateral only distal 1; tibia as in
third; metatarsus prolateral 1-2, retrolateral; 0-1 (offset dorsally)-2,
ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal distal 1.

Abdomen. Broadly oval in outline, longer than wide in ratio of 63 :
43, widest in middle; covered by a rich coat of black and yellow hair
as noted under color; anal tubercle and spinnerets as usual in the genus;
position of colulus indicated by a relatively large area covered with
black bristles; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with distinct
lip but no tubercle.

Epigynum. The conspicuous marginal notch opens into a recess
dorsal to lip; main part of plate consists of two large and rather deep
depressions separated by a distinct but short septum; each large
depression has a smaller depression at its anterior end and each of
these is usually filled by a hard gummy secretion; at least one of
Cambridge’s figures appears to have been made from an immature
specimen (Fig. 192).

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 233

Color in alcohol. As already noted, the color and pattern are ex-
tremely variable in this species. I have chosen a specimen for the
hypotype which comes close to that illustrated by C. Koch in his Fig.
1173. Carapace: dark brown except for a procurved deep yellow, al-
most golden, band beginning at PME and extending posterior to and
below PLE and over practically the entire dorsal thoracic region, and
a narrow, deep yellow marginal stripe from opposite the palps to the
posterolateral corner. Palp: femora brown, tarsi yellowish brown,
patellae and tibiae yellowish white. Legs: all coxae with yellow lance-
olate hair dorsally; all femora brown with yellow hair on prolateral
and retrolateral surfaces; all patellae and tibiae yellowish brown (but
not because of presence of yellow hair); all metatarsi the same but
with much yellow hair; all tarsi dark brown. Chelicerae reddish brown;
lip and maxillae the same with yellowish white tips. (Sternum dark
brown with lighter margin. Abdomen: black base extends laterally for
about two fifths of length of abdomen; covering the anterior dorsal
region for about two fifths of its length is a large bright yellow spot
enclosing two angular black spots; across the middle is a broad black
band followed by a yellow band about half as wide; the posterior end is
entirely black; the anterior and posterior pair of spinnerets are a dusty
black with middle pair yellowish white; venter generally black, just
behind genital groove is a yellow band, the ventral part of the large
yellow dorsal spot.

Type locality. Female hypotype from France Field, C. Z., Aug.,
1939. Other females from the following localities: Cana] Zone Biologi-
cal Area, June-July, 1934; June, 1936; June-Sept., 1939; July, 1943-
March, 1944: Ft. Randolph, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Balboa, C. Z., Aug.,
1936; C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug., 1939; La Campana, R. P.,
May-June, 1939.

PHIALE NIVEO-GUTTATA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene niveo-guttata F. Cambridge, 1901
P. niveo-guttata Simon, 1903

P. niveo-guttata Petrunkevitch, 1911

P. niveo-guttata Petrunkevitch, 1925

Cambridge had both sexes from Panama but the species has not
been reported since that time, and it has not yet appeared in my
collections.

234 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

PHIALE ORVILLEI spec. nov.
Figure 197

It is possible that this species is really Phiale flava (F. Cambridge).
There are some features about it which certainly point in that direction
and others which make it improbable. In view of the uncertainty I
have chosen to describe it as new to science. If it is later shown to be
that species then my specimen will become the hypotype. A detailed
description is much needed in any case.

Female holotype. Total length 8.19 mm. Carapace 3.39 mm. long,
2.56 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy thirty-one thirty-ninths
of total width of carapace at their level, 1.53 mm. tall and, therefore
nearly .60 as tall as wide; descent gradual but at an angle of about fif-
teen degrees to steep posterior declivity which begins just beyond the
halfway point from PLE to posterior border; with a short median
longitudinal thoracic groove immediately posterior to PLE; with a
rich coat of hair to be detailed under color.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly below those of AME. Posterior row slightly
wider than anterior row, wider than middle row in ratio of 29 : 26.
~ Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 29 : 18. Total eye
space occupies fifteen thirty-fourths of length of carapace. Ratio of ©
eyes AME: ALE: PME: PLE = 27 :14:3.5:12. AME nearly
contiguous, separated from ALE by one seventh of their diameter.
Middle eyes either slightly closer to ALE or equidistant from ALE and
PLE. Height of clypeus equal to one third of the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated with a ventral fringe of whitish bristles, an irregular
transverse row of ten or twelve long whitish bristles near the middle, a
central cluster of lanceolate white hairs beneath and between AME,
and three long upturned brownish bristles in lower angle between
AME. AME surrounded by lanceolate hair, red above and below,
white elsewhere. Beneath and posterior to ALE white and reddish
lanceolate hair arranged in alternate rows giving a striated effect, four
white rows and three reddish rows, the white hair partially erect; the
topmost white row is least apparent and least erect.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; strongly swollen near base in front;
with prominent basal boss; with long yellowish bristles along medial
surface in front; basal segment 1.28 mm. long. Fang robust, evenly
curved. Fang groove distinct; with two promarginal and a single retro-
marginal tooth as usual.

Mazillae. Parallel; somewhat dilated distally; longer than wide in

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 235

middle in ratio of about 16 : 11; only moderately notched in middle
of outer border. Largely hidden by first coxae.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of about 5 : 4; basal excavations
reach about two fifths of Jength of organ; reaches to about middle of
maxillae. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of about 3 : 2; with a distinct
lobe for each coxa; moderately convex, with a low secondary convexity
for each coxa; anterior border considerably narrower than base of lip;
posterior end squarely truncate and not extended between fourth |
coxae which are separated by about one sixth of their width; coxae dis-
tinctly excavated and set out over sternum.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 21, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il. 1.63 1.06 15 .96 .64 5.44
2 1.66 1.00 1.02 .90 Bear 5.22
on 1.92 1.08 eas 1.41 70 6.26
4, 1.98 1.02 1.30 1.54 .70 6.54

All legs with a moderate supply of hair but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0+1-1-1, prolatera] only distal 2,
retrolateral only distal 1; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only pro-
lateral 1-1, ventral 2-2-2 (terminal); metatarsus only ventral 2-2.
Second leg: femur and patella as in first except femur retrolateral dis-
tal 2; tibia and metatarsus as in first except tibia ventral 1r—2-2.
Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1—-1-1, prolateral 0-O-1-2, retrolateral only
distal 1; patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral and
retrolateral 1—1—(offset dorsally)-1, ventral 1p—O0-2; metatarsus pro-
lateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal
0-1-1-1, retrolateral distal 1; patella and tibia as in third; metatarsus
prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 0-2-2. Palpal spines: only
femur dorsal] distal 1.

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 76 : 49, widest in the
middle; anal tubercle a short cone with a tuft of black hairs; spinnerets
as usual in the genus; position of colulus indicated by a tuft of black
hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with an indistinct lip
but with no tubercle.

Epigynum. Posterior marginal notch with a deep recess; central
part of epigynal plate swollen and with two small openings with pro-
curved chitinized margins; openings nearly twice the diameter of one
of them apart (Fig. 197).

236 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Color in alcohol. Carapace: probably with a whitish stripe from AME
to posterior border, narrowed between PLE and in middle of steep
posterior declivity; on each side embracing lateral eyes and also PME
is a broad reddish brown stripe with some rust-red lanceolate hairs
around eyes and black hair behind PLE; lateral sides whitish from
presence of lanceolate hairs over yellowish background with small
brown spots in posterior three fifths; ventral margin with a narrow
brownish line; region beneath ALE as already described. Legs and
palps light yellowish white or light amber with a few obscure brownish
spots. Chelicerae amber color. Maxillae and lip amber with whitish
tips. Sternum amber with a brownish marginal spot opposite each
coxa. Abdomen: yellowish base continues through dorsal central
region as a broad stripe, widest in middle, to anal tubercle; in posterior
half of central stripe appear light orange chevrons and probably in life
they extend throughout the central stripe; on each side of central stripe
is a broad stripe distinctly darker orange in general color but with
many black hairs; dorsolaterally near lateral margins are small brown-
ish spots; laterally yellowish white with an occasional small black spot;
venter blackish and separated vaguely into three stripes; spinnerets
brownish. .

Type locality. Female holotype from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936.
No paratypes.

PHIALE PALLIDA (F. Cambridge), 1901
Figure 198

Cyrene pallida F. Cambridge, 1901
P. pallida Petrunkevitch, 1911

Formerly known only from Guatemala. I have eight specimens
which I believe belong here, but the species will probably be combined
with another when the sexes have been more completely and accurately
matched as only females are known. Cambridge believed the species
to be closely related to Freya prominens (F. Cambridge).

Female hypotype. Total length 9.47 mm. Carapace 3.84 mm. long,
2.88 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy thirty-eight forty-fifths
of the total width of the carapace at their level, 2.11 mm. tall and,
therefore, .73 as tall as wide; with well developed coat of light and dark
hair; with a low swelling dorsal to PLE and another dorsal and ante-
rior to PME; with a short median longitudinal thoracic groove just
behind PLE.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA Dain

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME are level with those of ALE. Anterior row wider than
posterior row in ratio of 20 : 19, wider than middle row in ratio of
8 : 7. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 20 : 13. Total
eye space occupies sixteen twenty-ninths of length of carapace. Ratio
of eyes AME : ALE: PME: PLE = 36: 21 :4:19. AME separ-
ated from one another and from ALE by about one twelfth of their
diameter. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of about
5:6. Height of clypeus equal to one fourth of the diameter of AME. |
Clypeus decorated with a ventral fringe of white bristles, five long con-
vergent whitish bristles beneath each AME, and three long upturned
brownish bristles in lower angle between AME. Each AME is sur-
rounded by lanceolate hairs all of which are white except along a
median sector and an outer sector where they are reddish.

Chelicerae. Extremely swollen close to base; parallel, vertical; with
long white hair scantily distributed over front surface. Fang robust,
evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; with the two promarginal teeth
as usual; a single, fairly robust, retromarginal tooth closer to base of
fang than to medial end of groove.

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in ratio of about 15 : 8; outer
margin only moderately notched in middle; outer distal angle well
rounded, with no tubercle or hook.

Iip. Longer than wide in ratio of about 6 : 5; basal excavations
reach about two fifths of length of organ; reaches about three fifths the
Jength of maxillae. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternwm. Almost parallel-sided from interval between first and
second coxae to that between third and fourth coxae; longer than wide
in ratio of 8 : 5; widest between intervals named above; anterior
border considerably narrower than base of lip; posterior end squarely
truncated and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated
by nearly one third of their diameter. All coxae excavated ventrally at
their bases, especially the first and second.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
6 1.95 1.48 1.54 I ypye 718 6.97
Pe 1.92 1.41 1.28 1.10 5074 6.43
3. 2.50 1.30 1.41 1.85 .64 7.70
4. 2.55 1.26 1.79 2.05 5a 8.42

All legs with a moderate supply of hair. Third and fourth femora with
an unusual amount of erect yellowish hair on ventral sides.

238 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 2;
patella 0; tibia only prolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only
ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first except femur
retrolateral distal 1; tibia only prolateral 1-0-1, ventral 1r—2-2; meta-
tarsus as in first. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1—1-1, prolateral 0-0-1-2,
retrolateral only distal 1; patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0;
tibia prolatera] and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventra)] 0-1p—2; metatarsus pro-
lateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1-2; ventral 0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal
0-1-0-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella and tibia as
in third; metatarsus prolateral 1-1-2, retrolateral 0-1-2, ventral 2-2.
No palpal spines observed.

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of about 2 : 1; widest:
about one third from base; anal tubercle a very short, flattened cone
with a tuft of whitish hair; spinnerets as usual in the genus; position
of colulus indicated by a large chitinized area covered by short stiff
light hair; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with distinct lip
but with no tubercle.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate nearly square; posterior margin very
shallowly notched where there is an obscure recess dorsal to lip; a short
distance in front of this region is a pair of somewhat pyriform sperma-
thecae; still farther anterior is a pair of small openings with procurved
_ margins (Fig. 198). :

Color in alcohol. In general, Cambridge’s description holds for my
specimens. Carapace: generally bright reddish brown, eyes on black
spots; interocular area with scattered whitish lanceolate hairs; a poorly
defined central whitish stripe from anterior borders of PLE and ex-
tends back to posterior border, but the hairs covering this region are
very easily rubbed off with alteration of the color pattern; a broad
marginal whitish stripe begins beneath ALE and extends to posterior
border to connect with central dorsal stripe; also a few scattered white
lanceolate hairs elsewhere. over the reddish brown areas. Chelicerae
reddish brown; lip and maxillae lighter with whitish tips. Sternum and
coxae amber color. Legs: first and second pairs of femora with distal
two thirds brown, elsewhere yellowish white; third and fourth femora
brown at both ends, yellowish white in middle; all tarsi yellowish
white; other segments spotted and annulated with reddish brown and
yellowish white. Abdomen: yellowish spotted with brown at base and
along lateral sides; extending through central region is a series of four
light colored spots, the third spot is a broad chevron-shaped bar dis-
tinctly white at lateral ends; bordering the central light spots are
dark brownish spots, difficult to describe because of irregularities;
venter yellowish with small brown dots.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 239

Type locality. Female hypotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
Aug., 1936. Seven other females from the same locality: July—Aug.,
1936; Madden Dam Region, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

PHIALE PANAMAE Chamberlin, 1916
Figures 199-200

P. panamense Petrunkevitch, 1925
P. panamense Banks, 1929

This species was based on a male reported from Panama without
specific locality. Mr. Banks had two males from Bella Vista, R. 1 Be.
Aug., 1924, and one male from Red Tank, C. Z., July, 1924. [have not
yet collected the species but it is included in the keys. Phiale donald
sp. nov. is evidently closely related to this species. Some will probably
consider them the same, but there are several good differences. The
length of the largest of the four specimens of this species in the Museum
of Comparative Zoélogy is 4.35 mm. The carapace appears to have a
light spot between ALE; a dorsal dark band occupies the posterior half
of the quadrangle of lateral eyes; a light stripe extends from between
PLE to near the posterior border; a dorsolateral light stripe extends on
each side from ALE to near the posterior border. The abdomen has
three pale spots in a triangle near the middle of the dorsum; in the
posterior fourth are four small white spots, each made by a patch of
lanceolate hairs. Nearly the whole dorsum is more or less covered also
by light rust-red hairs in unrubbed specimens. The tibial retrolateral
apophysis (Figs. 199-200) is a robust spur, strongly curved toward
base of eymbium which is excavated to receive it. The bulb and em-
bolus are closely similar to those of P. donaldi sp. nov.

PHIALE PRATENSIS (Peckham), 1885

Hyllus pratensis Peckham, 1885
Cytaea concinna Peckham, 1885
Cyrene pratensis F. Cambridge, 1901
Phiale pratensis Simon, 1903

P. pratensis Petrunkevitch, 1911

Both sexes are strikingly beautiful animals. The species deserves
careful study with the establishment of hypotypes and the publication
of complete descriptions. The males, especially, show several features
not ordinarily associated with Phiale.

240 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Formerly known from Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Trini-
dad. I have both sexes from the following localities: Canal Zone Bio-
logical Area, June-July, 1934; June—Aug., 1936; June—Aug., 1939; Ft.
Randolph, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug.., 1939; El
Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

PHIALE SIMPLICICAVA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Cyrene simplicicava F. Cambridge, 1901
. simplicicava Simon, 1903

. simplicicava Petrunkevitch, 1911

. simplicicava Petrunkevitch, 1925

. simplicicava Banks, 1929

ae} ash a8) 'a8}

Professor Petrunkevitch published a detailed description of the
female (’25). The male is still not known. Mr. Banks suggested that
the male might be Freya bifurcata (F. Cambridge). Collected from
the following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June—July, 1934;
July—Aug., 1936; June—Aug., 1939; France Field and Ft. Sherman,
C. Z., Aug., 1939; Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

Genus PLExippus C. Koch, 1850

PLEXIPPUS PAYKULLI (Audouin), 1827

Aitus paykulli Audouin, 1827
Plexippus ligo C. Koch, 1846
Hasarius paykulli Simon, 1876
Menemerus paykulli Peckham, 1888
Thotmes paykulli F. Cambridge, 1901
P. paykulli Simon, 1903

P. paykulli Peckham, 1909

P. paykulli Petrunkevitch, 1911

P. paykulli Petrunkevitch, 1925

P. paykulli Petrunkevitch, 1930

Professor Petrunkevitch gave a detailed description of the male
(30) and added notes on the structure of the female. The species is
considered as cosmopolitan tropical. It has been known under many
names, of which I have cited only the most important. Mr. Banks
(729) had a specimen from Taboga Island and I have a female from Ft.
Randolph, C. Z., Aug., 1936.

_ CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 241

Genus Srpusa Peckham, 1895

SIDUSA RECONDITA Peckham, 1896

S. recondita F. Cambridge, 1901
S. recondita Simon, 1903
S. recondita Petrunkevitch, 1911
S. recondita Petrunkevitch, 1925
S. recondita Banks, 1929

Sidusa recondita Peckham is placed by Simon among the fissidentate
forms. This is an error and should be corrected. S. recondita is defin-
itely a unidentate form. S. gratiosa Peckham, on the other hand, is a
fissidentate form. Like so many other genera among the Salticidae,
Sidusa should be critically studied to determine more accurately its
natural boundaries.

A common species in most of the regions in Panama where I have
collected. Many specimens from the following localities: Canal Zone
Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June-Aug., 1936; June-August,
1939; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Ft. Randolph, Ft. Davis, and
Balboa, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

Jollas Group
Genus JOLLAS Simon, 1901

JOLLAS MINUTUS spec. nov.
Figures 201-205

It is very difficult, probably impossible, for me to place this little
spider in its proper position in the system at this time. It is tentatively
placed here awaiting further knowledge.

Male holotype. Total length 1.84 mm. Carapace .98 mm. long, .71
mm. wide at PLE which occupy the full width of the carapace, .50
mm. tall and, therefore, .70 as tall as wide; ascent from AME to PLE
gradual but considerable; descent from PLE a gentle arch to beginning
of steep posterior declivity which lies about half way from PLE to
posterior border; lateral sides of cephalic portion vertical and nearly
parallel; median longitudinal thoracic groove doubtful (Figs. 201-202).

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal] borders of ALE cuts off about one tenth of diameter of
AME. Anterior row and posterior row of equal width, both wider than
middle row in ratio of 33 : 29. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long

242 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

in ratio of 3 : 2. Total eye space occupies twenty-five forty-thirds of
length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE=10.5 :
6 : 1.25 :6. AME contiguous to one another and to ALE. Middle
eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of about 2 : 3. Clypeus re-
ceding, with vertical height equal to about one fifth of the diameter of
AME. Clypeus decorated with a band of white lanceolate hairs which
pass from side to side between ALE, and three long upturned brown-
ish bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; simple, without special modifications
except in regard to teeth; basal segment .26 mm. long. Fang of moder-
ate size, evenly curved. Fang groove indistinct; promargin with three
teeth, all near medial end of groove; retromargin probably to be re-
garded as devoid of teeth (actually there is a very small low cusp or
ridge which may represent an obsolescent tooth (Fig. 203).

Mazillae. Slightly convergent; longer than wide in middle in ratio
of about 5 : 3; only slightly concave in middle of outer border; outer
distal corner well rounded, without tubercle or hook.

Lip. ‘Wider than long in ratio of 7 : 6; basal excavations reach a
little more than one third of length of organ; reaches a little beyond
middle of maxillae. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform; strongly convex; longer than wide in ratio of
9 : 7; widest between second coxae, but first coxae almost as far apart
as second; anterior border a little wider than base of lip; posterior end
a blunt point not exténded between fourth coxae which are separated
by one third of their diameter. Both first and second coxae somewhat
enlarged and stouter than others.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first and fourth legs 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

Ls 45 29 £30 30 or 1.68
a 43 20 27 23 24 137
3. 40 20 30 23 26 1.39
4. 53 23 36 30 26 1.68
Palp 27 15 10 a 27 79

All legs with a moderate supply of hair but with no special fringes or
tufts.

Spines: First leg: femur and patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2
(first pair near base, last pair not terminal); metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2 (both pairs very long). Second leg: femur and patella 0; tibia
only ventral lr-lr-0; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: only meta-

yi
CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 243

tarsus retrolateral 0-1. Fourth leg: only metatarsus prolatera]l and
retrolateral 0-2. No palpal spines observed.

Palp. Femur nearly straight, moderately enlarged; both patella
and tibia short but latter about two thirds as long as former; tibial
retrolateral apophysis a fairly stout spur, extending nearly at right
angle to long axis of tibia; embolus arises at base of bulb, curves
around prolateral side and extends to distal end as a slender filament
(Fig. 204).

Abdomen. Length .83 mm. Longer than wide in ratio of 25 : 18;
exclusive of anal tubercle, broad oval in outline; anal tubercle hidden
by prominent tuft of white lanceolate hairs which make a spot like the
four abdominal spots; six spinnerets fairly prominent for so small a
spider, anterior pair somewhat the stoutest and not quite approxi-
mated at their bases, posterior pair slenderer and somewhat the long-
est; position of colulus indicated by a fairly conspicuous tuft of black
hair; tracheal spiracle somewhat obscure but near base of spinnerets,
without tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace; generally brown with eyes on black spots
and whole interocular area dark brown, somewhat lighter between
PLE; lateral sides and steep posterior declivity with dark brown
streaks; a narrow black marginal stripe and just dorsal to it is a narrow
light stripe; clypeus and area beneath ALE as already noted. Palps
dark brown. Chelicerae and maxillae light amber. Sternum and lip
light amber with dark brown streaks. Legs: first pair yellowish with a
black prolateral stripe from near base of femora to distal end of meta-
tarsi, on patellae and tibiae this stripe also involves much of the ven-
tral surface, and another stripe on retrolateral side of femora nearly
connected across ventral surface with the prolateral stripe near base;
second pair like first except prolateral stripe is much narrower and on
femora is broken into spots, retrolateral femoral stripe only repre-
sented by a small distal spot; third and fourth legs yellowish with dark
brown bands on all segments between trochanters and tarsi. Abdo-
men: amber dorsally with a brownish base which extends laterally and
across the posterior end just anterior to anal tubercle as an indefinite
bar, another similar bar passes across dorsum about the middle to
connect the two lateral brownish stripes; about one fourth from base is
a pair of small white spots on dorsolateral margins, and another pair of
small white spots lie just behind the middle, these four small spots —
made by tufts of white lanceolate hairs and the white anal tuft make
a distinctive pattern; laterally brownish with very narrow longitudinal
yellowish lines; venter yellowish behind genital groove and brownish
over lung areas.

244 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Fig. 198.

Figs. 199-200.
Figs. 201-202.

Fig. 203.
Fig. 204.
Fig. 205.

Figs. 206-207.
Figs. 208-209.

External Anatomy of Spiders

Phiale pallida, epigynum, ventral view.

P. panamae, tibial apophysis, dorsal and retrolateral views.

Jollas minutus Chickering; carapace, lateral view; body, dor-
sal view.

J. minutus Chickering; male cheliceral teeth.

J. minutus Chickering; male palp, ventral view.

J. minutus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Ashtabula dentata ,chelicera, front view and medial view.

A dentata, male palp, ventral view; palpal tibia, retrolateral
view.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 245

Female allotype. Total length 2.37 mm. Carapace 1.10 mm. long,
.84 mm. wide at PLE which occupy almost the full width of the cara-
pace, .64 mm. tall and, therefore, .76 as tall as wide; general form essen-
tially as in male, though less bold in outline; no definite median thoracic
groove observed.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved essentially as in male. Posterior row
slightly wider than anterior row, wider than middle row in ratio of 39 :
34. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 39 : 26. Total
eye space occupies three fifths of the length of the carapace. Ratio of
eyes AME: ALE : PME: PLE = 12.5:7:2:7. AME contigu-
ous to one another and barely separated from ALE. Middle eyes closer
to PLE than to ALE in ratio of 5 : 8. Height of clypeus equal to one
sixth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus not receding as in male,
decorated only with a single long brownish bristle beneath outer border
of AME, and three long upturned bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Basal segment .35 mm. long. Promargin of fang groove
with four teeth; definitely no retromarginal teeth or ridge.

Mazillae. Essentially as in male.

Iip. Wider than long in ratio of 10 : 7. Reaches only to middle of
maxillae. Otherwise as in male.

Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 14, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

il 62 34 42 od 20 1.98
2. 59) .30 .30 .32 24 1.71
3. 65 20 33 0 20 1.89
4. ny 63) 33 57 .50 32 2.47

Otherwise as in male. Palp with prolateral fringe well developed on
tarsus but weak on tibia.

Spines. First leg as in male. Second leg: femur and patella 0; tibia
prolateral 0-1-0, ventral 1r—2-0; metatarsus as in first. Third leg:
only metatarsus prolateral 0-1. Fourth leg: only tibia prolateral and
retrolateral 0-O-1-0; metatarsus as in male. Apparently no palpal
spines.

Abdomen. Length 1.40; longer than wide in ratio of 22 : 15. Other-
wise as in male.

Epigynum. Simple; no posterior marginal notch; a simple vase-like
figure through center longitudinally (Fig. 205).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: in general much as in male; interocular

246 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

area much lighter than in male; just dorsal to ventral marginal black
stripe is a definite white stripe made by white lanceolate hairs. Palps
yellowish; other mouth parts similar to those of male, but lighter.
Legs: similar to those of male but lighter; on first legs the prolateral
stripes are narrower, weak on femora; femoral retrolateral stripe almost
lacking; bands on other legs barely visible. Abdomen: brownish dor-
sally with many yellowish white streaks and poorly defined chevrons
in posterior half; the four small dorsal white spots are less conspicuous
than in male; many clear iridescent scales over dorsal and lateral sur-
faces; venter light brownish, bordered with a row of yellowish dots on
each side and bearing near center a pair of rows of these same dots less
distinct.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype from Canal Zone
Biological Area, July, 1934. Three male paratypes from the Canal
Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

JOLLAS PERITAS Banks, 1929

The original description was based on a female from the Canal Zone
Biological Area, July or Aug. I have two females from the same
locality, June-July, 1934, and one female from El Valle, R. P., July,
1936. The relationships of this spider are very obscure. For a more
complete understanding of the species we must await the discovery of
the male and a careful study of both sexes.

~ Metaphidippus Group
Key to the genera of the Metaphidippus Group

1. Retromargin of fang groove with a single fissidentate tooth (Beata, Cheli-
feroides, Donaldius gen. nov., females of Parahentizia)................ 9
1. Retromargin of fang groove with a single simple tooth (Ashtabula, Atelur-
rius, Avitus, Habronattus, Metaphidippus, males of Parahentzia, Para-
phidippus; Parnagenus) .j.% <i « ae one eee ge oes 2 os Oe 2
2. PME about midway between ALE and PLE; PLE occupy nearly full
width of carapace; carapace low and flat; first femora, patellae, and tibiae
much enlarged; first tibiae especially with a heavy ventral fringe of clavate
hairs; first tibiae only with ventral spines........... Ashtabula, (p. 248)
2. Not with combination of characters given above...................-. 3
3. PME about midway between ALE and PLE; PLE occupy nearly full
width of carapace; carapace moderately high, well rounded; first pair of

(or)

J

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 247

legs not notably enlarged in any segment, without ventral fringes; pos-
terior thoracic declivity abrupt and somewhat concave. Atelurius, (p. 253)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 4
. (Data taken from genotype) PME closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of

about 1 : 2; PLE occupies about three fourths of width of carapace; cara-
pace moderately high, declines gradually for half its length behind PLE to
posterior declivity; chelicerae strongly produced; first pair of legs elon-
gated but not notably enlarged; first ventral tibial spines occupy about
haligthetengthvol.segmentemusmitiascs 854 oe 8-4) doen. Avitus, (p. 257)

. Not with combination of characters given above....... "eG Hea RIE A eee 5
. PME about midway between ALE and PLE; PLE occupy nearly entire

width of carapace; carapace moderately high, gently arched dorsally,
moderately convex laterally; first pair of legs moderately enlarged, with a
ventral fringe from femur throughout metatarsus. . Habronattus, (p. 281)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... 6
. PME considerably closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy about four

fifths of width of carapace; carapace moderately low, quite convex along
lateral sides, rather flat dorsally; first pair of legs considerably enlarged,
with a short ventral fringe on femur and patella...................

males of Parahentzia, (p. 316)

. Not with combination of characters given above..................... a
. PME considerably closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy about four

fifths of width of carapace; carapace moderately high, moderately arched
dorsally, with a distinct lateral dilation between ALE and PLE; first
pair of legs not notably enlarged, with or without a ventral fringe; cheli-
cerae robust, more or less produced in male........ Parnaenus, (p. 334)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................-. 8
. PME usually closer to ALE than to PLE, sometimes about midway

between them; PLE occupy about five sixths of width of carapace; cara-
pace moderately high, moderately arched dorsally, moderately convex
laterally; first pair of legs not notably enlarged, without ventral fringes;
chelicerae moderately robust, not notably produced in male; usually small
SPeCIOSHE) ohh hey mur enlpe Ray ep MNS ihe hla Metaphidippus, (p. 285)

. PME considerably closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy about two

thirds of full width of carapace; carapace moderately high, robust, well
rounded dorsally and laterally; first pair of legs not notably enlarged, with
a ventral fringe; chelicerae robust, usually greatly produced in male; usu-
ally much larger species...................... Paraphidippus, (p. 322)

. PME somewhat closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy about seven

eighths of width of carapace; carapace rather high and robust; first leg
usually somewhat enlarged, without ventral fringes...... Beata, (p. 257)

. Not with combination of characters given above.................... 10
. PME somewhat closer to PLE than to ALE; PLE occupy about six

sevenths of width of carapace; carapace low and flat; first leg greatly en-
larged; first tibia chelate with metatarsus, with a ventral fringe of simple
| ReEN Ie eat ta Meares IIA CPU ep Te Mh eee Cheliferoides, (p. 275)

248 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

10. Not with combination of characters given above.................... 11
11. (Only females available) PME slightly closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE
occupy full width of carapace; carapace moderately high, quite flat dor-
sally; first leg moderately enlarged, with no ventral fringes.............
Donaldius, (p. 278)

11. PME considerably closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy about seven
eighths of width of carapace; carapace moderately low, rather flat dorsally;
first leg much enlarged, with a poorly developed ventral fringe..........
females of Parahentzia, (p. 316)

Genus ASHTABULA Peckham, 1894

ASHTABULA DENTATA F. Cambridge, 1901
Figures 206-211

F. Cambridge (’01) very briefly described the male holotype of this
species, and gave good figures of the palpus and several other struc-
tures. So far as I know, the species has not been reported since Cam-
bridge’s time. I consider the more complete understanding of the species
of sufficient importance to warrant a detailed study of both sexes which
I give herewith. It is unfortunate that the genotype, A. zonura Peck-
ham, is not now available for study. Recently while examining Emer-
ton’s figure and Peckham’s description of that species I have had my
suspicions aroused concerning the possibly synonymy of A. dentata F.
Cambridge with A. zonura Peckham.

Male hypotype. Total length 3.52 mm. Carapace considerably over-
lapped by abdomen; lateral sides of cephalic part nearly parallel;
lateral sides in thoracic part converge considerably; posterior border
only five elevenths as wide as width of carapace at level of PLE. Cara-
pace 1.73 mm. long, 1.22 mm. wide at level of third row of eyes which
occupy about ten elevenths of width of carapace at that level; longi-
tudinal thoracic groove almost lacking; low and flat dorsally to steep
posterior declivity which begins nearly half way from third row of
eyes to posterior border; about two thirds as high as wide.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row strongly recurved. Anterior
row as wide as posterior row, eyes of second row one fifth narrower.
Quadrangle of lateral eyes wider than long in ratio of 10 : 7. Total eye
space occupies a little less than one half the length of the carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 16:8 :2:6.5. AME
separated from one another by a little less than one sixteenth of their
diameter, from ALE by about the same distance. Eyes of second row
slightly closer to PLE than to ALE. Height of clypeus equal to about

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 249

one thirty-second of diameter of AME. A few long straight and a few
long curled bristles in vicinity of anterior eyes but none which seems to
be particularly distinctive.

Chelicerae. Strongly chitinized; essentially parallel and vertical;
moderately produced; with outer margins wavy and somewhat grooved ;
margins of fang groove considerably excavated; fang enlarged in its
proximal two fifths and with a short blunt prolateral tooth at begin-
ning of enlargement. Basal segment with a very large prolateral tooth
extending forward and medially; this has been called a tooth of the
fang groove but it is not such. The much modified fang groove has
two very small promarginal teeth and one large retromarginal tooth.
All teeth of the fang groove stand upon a strong basal enlargement
(Figs. 206-207).

Mazxillae. Longer than wide in middle in ratio of 2 : 1; strongly con-
cave along outer border; dilated apically ; with a well developed scopula
along truncature and the usual serrula along submargin from scopula
to outer distal angle.

Lip. Greatest width at base where it is slightly wider than long;
basal excavations reach just short of middle of organ; reaches to about
middle of maxillae; distal border mildly concave. Sternal suture very
slightly procurved.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 8 : 5; widest opposite second
coxae; moderately convex; not extended to a point between fourth
coxae which are separated by one fifth of their diameter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 15, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 1.17 64 1.09 .89 OL 4.30
2 Se .40 .56 51 33) 2.57
3. 15 38 52 52 38 2.55
4, .89 45 .68 64 30 3.01
Palp .56 15 .09 a .60 1.40

First leg very stout and much elongated, with all segments except
metatarsus and tarsus much enlarged. First coxa nearly twice as long
as second coxa. First femur and tibia laterally compressed as well as
enlarged. First leg with a ventral fringe as follows: femur with small
fringe along retromargin in distal half; patella with a heavy fringe in
distal three fifths; tibia with a heavy fringe throughout segment; hairs
in fringe simple.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal three weak spines in distal half with
none terminal, prolateral one weak distal; patella 0; tibia only ventral

é

250 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

0—2-2-2, all in distal seven tenths of segment; metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2. Second leg: femur as in first with spines somewhat heavier;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 1r-O-2; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1,
ventral Ir-lr. Third leg: femur dorsal as in first and second, prolateral
and retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-O-lr; meta-
tarsus only prolateral 0-0-2, retrolateral 0-0-1. Fourth leg: femur
dorsal 1-1-1, retrolateral only distal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral
0-0-1r; metatarsus only prolateral and retrolateral 0-0-1. No palpal
spines observed.

Palp. Both patella and tibia short; tibial apophysis fairly stout in
proximal two thirds, somewhat geniculate and very pointed in distal
third; embolus obscure, originates near middle on retrolateral side and
curves inward to terminate dorsal and anterior to a circular rugulose
area (Figs. 208-209).

Abdomen. Rather slender, longer than wide at base in ratio of 35 :
13; with a mildly developed dorsal shield extending nearly whole
length of dorsum; with a small tuft of erect white hairs at each basal
corner; a fairly prominent cone-shaped anal tubercle; anterior pair of
spinnerets most robust and single-jointed as well as intermediate in
length, posterior pair somewhat longer and plainly two-jointed, middle
pair shortest and slenderest; colulus apparently a very minute cone;
tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. Legs: first pair a deep reddish brown except tarsi
and distal ends of metatarsi which are yellowish; other three pairs of
legs yellowish with a few reddish brown annulations and stripes. Palp
a deep reddish brown; maxillae the same except the yellowish tips.
Chelicerae a deep amber. Carapace: generally a rich reddish brown;
with a narrow white stripe below each PLE extending to posterolateral
corner and forward to anterior row of eyes which are largely surrounded
by the white scales of which it is composed; also a very narrow
white stripe just above margin; scattered white scales along lateral
sides. Sternum dark brown. Abdomen: white base extends narrowly
along dorsolateral sides thus delimiting dorsal shield as an amber
colored region within which a dark central serrated stripe occurs, more
or less connected with a series of six pairs of dark spots resembling the
original figure of A. zonura Peckham; laterally streaked with alternate
narrow yellowish and brownish broken stripes; ventrally with a
broad central dark brown stripe; many small iridescent scales every-
where except on venter.

Female allotype. Total length 3.71 mm. Carapace 1.47 mm. long,
1.09 mm. wide at level of PLE, about half as tall as wide.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 251

Eyes. Total eye space occupies a little more than one half the length
of the carapace. Other features essentially as in male.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; of moderate size; without special modi-
fications. Fang groove with two small promarginal teeth; a single fairly
stout retromarginal tooth (Fig. 210).

Mazxillae. Essentially as in male, but less strongly developed.

Lip and Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 24, of fourth leg 16.

‘ Femora Patellae A Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
Il. 78 45 57 46 Bil 2.57
9. .62 34 45 O71 28 2.06
oF 55 30 43 AQ saul 2.01
4. 15 45 .63 51 34 2.68

First leg enlarged slightly less than in male, fringe essentially as in
male. ‘

Spines. Essentially as in male.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male except erect hairs extend across
basal end, and dorsal shield is less distinct.

Epigynum. Simple and somewhat obscure; with a deep central
posterior marginal notch in front of which are coiled tubules showing
from within; near anterior margin lies a pair of rather small openings
nearly twice the diameter of one of them apart (Fig. 211).

Color in alcohol. Almost identical to that of male except as noted.

Type locality: Male hypotype and female allotype from El Valle,
R. P., July, 1936; other males from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936 and
Madden Dam region, C. Z., Aug., 1939; other females from Canal
Zone Biological Area, July, 1939, El Valle, R. P., July, 1936, and
Madden Dam region, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

ASHTABULA MONTANA spec. nov.
Figures 212-213

Female holotype. ‘Total length 2.88 mm. Carapace 1.41 mm. long,
.83 mm. wide slightly behind PLE which occupy the full width of the
carapace at their level, .52 mm. tall and, therefore, about .63 as tall as
wide; with lateral sides nearly vertical and gently rounded antero-
posteriorly; surface finely granulate and somewhat rugulose; with a
very short median longitudinal thoracic groove just in front of the

252 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

beginning of the steep posterior declivity which begins nearly two
thirds of the distance from PLE to posterior border.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one eighth of the di-
ameter of ALE. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 37 :
31, wider than middle row in ratio of 37 : 30. Quadrangle of laterals
wider than long in ratio of 37 : 24. Total eye space occupies twenty-
seven sixty-fourths of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE = 10.5 :5.5 :1.5:5. AME separated from one
another by one twelfth of their diameter, from ALE by one tenth of
their diameter. Middle eyes slightly closer to ALE than to PLE.
Height of clypeus equal to one tenth of the diameter of AME. Cly-
peus decorated by a fringe of slender bristles, three long upturned
bristles in lower angle between AME. A few white lanceolate hairs
surround AME, a few others are scattered below ALE.

Chelicerae. Fairly robust, vertical, parallel; swollen mm front near
base; quite widely separated and slightly excavated medially. Fang
fairly robust, evenly curved. Fang groove with twe small promarginal
teeth at inner end of groove; a single fairly robust retromarginal tooth
nearly in middle.

Mazillae. Parallel, somewhat dilate distally; longer than wide in
middle in ratio of about 3 : 2; only miidly concave in middle of outer
border; distal border rounded to include outer distal corner which is
without tubercle or hook.

Lip. About as wide as long; basal excavations reach about two
fifths of length of organ; reaches about to middle of maxillae. Sternal
suture straight.

Sternum. Quite elongate; longer than wide in ratio of 2 : 1; mildly
convex; widest between second coxae but nearly as wide between
third; anterior border much narrower than base of lip; posterior end
blunt and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by
one half their width; anterior coxae stoutest and separated by less than
width of anterior border. No trochanters unusually elongated.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 28, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. OT 38 38 28 .20 1.81
2. 1 .26 29 .26 a9 1.51
3. .50 .25 32 .30 22 1.59
4. 65 .30 OT Al 26 2.19

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA PIO

First leg much enlarged, especially the femur, patella, and tibia; tibia
with a well developed ventral black fringe (Fig. 212).

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-1 (long, slender)—1—1 (both the
latter, small and short)-0; patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2 (fairly
well matched and occupying the distal two thirds of segment;) meta-
tarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1-0
(size as in first); patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-l1r—-lr; metatarsus pro-
lateral 0-1, ventral 1r—-lr. Third leg: femur and patella as in second;
tibia 0; metatarsus only prolateral and retrolateral 0-1. Fourth leg:
femur and patella as in second; tibia and metatarsus 0. Palpal spines 0.

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of about 2 : 1; widest
about the middle; spinnerets of moderate length and size; tracheal
spiracle near base of spinnerets, with distinct lip but with no tubercle;
position of colulus indicated by a tuft of black hairs.

Epigynum. Simple, small; epigynal plate somewhat longer than
wide; posterior margin with a shallow notch; near center of plate are
two small, obliquely placed slits (Fig. 213).

Color in alcohol. Carapace; generally brown, darker in interocular
area, eyes on black spots; a few white lanceolate hairs scattered ¢ over
surface and concentrated along posterolateral margins. Chelicerae
light yellowish brown; maxillae and lip the same with whitish tips.
Sternum brownish. Legs: first pair light reddish brown except yellow-
ish white tarsi and metatarsi, white lanceolate hairs on prolateral and
dorsal surfaces of distal ends of femora, patellae, and tibiae; all coxae
and trochanters yellowish white and becoming progressively whiter
toward the fourth; second pair of legs yellowish white with prolateral
brown stripes on femora, patellae, and tibiae, and retrolateral brown
stripe on femora; third and fourth much like second; all from second to
fourth with many white lanceolate hairs on dorsal surfaces. Abdomen:
generally dull brown; at end of first third a pair of white dorsolateral
bars do not quite meet dorsally; lateral sides dull brown; venter a
lighter brown; whole abdomen with many clear iridescent scales; spin-
nerets rellowishe

Type locality. Female holotype from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936.
No paratypes.

Genus ATELURIUS Simon, 1901

ATELURIUS INCERTUS Banks, 1929
Figures 214-218

Mr. Banks (’29) had a single female from the Canal Zone Biological
Area, July, 1924. Simon established the genus on the basis of a species

254 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

from Venezuela, and thus far only two species have been referred to it.
I am unacquainted with the genus and, from Simon’s brief treatment of
it, I am unable to come to any decision as to the correct placement of
this species. The Peckhams had a species in their collection which they
labelled Akela, new. This appears to be very close to A. incertus
Banks. The Peckhams established the genus Akela on the species A.
charlottae from Guatemala. I think the species under consideration
here is not an Akela. I know nothing better to do with it for the pres-
ent than to retain it here pending further knowledge.

Male allotype. Total length 3.20 mm. Carapace 1.50 mm. long, 1.20
mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy forty-eight fifty-thirds of the
width of the carapace at their level; very little narrowed in front;
fairly high; shaped much as in Zygoballus; slightly more than three
quarters as high as wide; gently arched dorsally for nearly six sevenths
of length to posterior declivity which is slightly concave and descends
abruptly to posterior border (Fig. 214).

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row strongly recurved. Posterior
row wider than anterior row in ratio of 49 : 45, middle row slightly
narrower than anterior row. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long
in ratio of 49 : 29. Total eye space occupies almost half the length of
the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 14:7:
1.75 :6. AME separated from one another by a little less than one
fourteenth of their diameter, from ALE by nearly one seventh of their
diameter. Eyes of second row equidistant from ALE and PLE. Height
of clypeus equal to a little less than three fourteenths of the diameter
of AME. A fairly conspicuous small tuft of white scale-like hairs pro-
jecting downward from beneath each AME.

Chelicerae. Robust, quite porrect, considerably produced; divergent
beyond the basal third; with well developed basal boss; basal segment
.80 mm. Jong; most of front surface covered by long white procumbent
hairs, somewhat erect along dorsal edge. Fang fairly long and siender,
slightly sinuous. Fang groove distinct, with a single robust retro-
marginal tooth near base of fang, and two promarginal teeth, one near
base of fang and the other near medial end of groove.

Mazxillae. Parallel; considerably dilated distally; quite concave
along outer border; palp inserted into proximal half; longer than wide
in middle in ratio of about 2:1; with well developed scopula along
truncature and the usual serrula.

Lip. Widest at base where it is as wide as long; distal margin regu-
larly convex; basal excavations reach less than one third of length of
organ; sternal suture slightly procurved.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 255

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 210. Ashtabula dentata, female cheliceral teeth.

Fig. 211. A. dentata, epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 212. A. montana Chickering; first leg.

Fig. 213. A. montana Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 214. Atelurius incertus, carapace, lateral view.

Figs. 215-216. A. incertus, male palp, ventral view; and retrolateral view.
Fig. 217. A. incertus, male abdomen, dorsal view.

Fig. 218. A. incertus, epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 219. Beata levispina, carapace, lateral view.

Fig. 220. B. levispina, chelicera, front view.

256 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 3 : 2; scutiform; widest be-
tween second coxae, but nearly as wide between first; quite convex;
terminates posteriorly in a blunt point which is not extended between
fourth coxae which are separated by three tenths of their diameter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first and fourth legs 17.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

il, 96 50 70 56 38 3.10
2. a 42 48 A4 133 2.44
3) ae 37 48 42 36 2.40
4. 97 AQ 63 51 38 2.91
Palp 60 22 13 a 42 i

Legs without fringes. First leg considerably extended and first femora
somewhat enlarged but not greatly so.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 0-1-0, ventral
lr—Ir-2 on right, 1r—2-2 on left; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second
leg: as in first except metatarsus ventral lr-2. Third leg: femur dorsal
0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella only retrolateral
0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 0-1-0; retrolateral 0-2-0, ventral 0-0-2;
metatarsus prolateral 0-0-2, retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 0-0-2. Fourth
leg: femur and patella as in third; tibia prolateral 0-1-0, retrolateral
0-1-0, ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus as in third.

Palp. Both tibia and patella short with former only a little more
than half as long as latter; femur much bent; tibial retrolateral apophy-
sis long, slender, and sinuous; embolus sickle-shaped from an expanded
base (Figs. 215-216). At distal end of femur is a dorsal snow white
cap of scales which may extend over a much longer part of the segment
in life.

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 13 : 8; widest near
middle; all spinnerets short, first pair most robust, third pair some-
what slender and plainly two-jointed, middle pair shortest and closely
surrounded by others; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets; appar-
ently colulus indicated by a very small tuft of blaek bristles.

Color in alcohol. Legs: first and second pairs of coxae dull brownish,
others lighter; all femora dark brown with scattered white scales, first
pair with a rather conspicuous prolateral white patch of scales; all
patellae yellowish tipped with reddish brown; all tibiae reddish brown;
first metatarsi yellowish in proximal third, elsewhere reddish brown,
second and third metatarsi yellowish except reddish brown distal ends,

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 257

fourth metatarsi entirely reddish brown; first three pairs of tarsi
yellowish, fourth pair reddish brown with yellowish tips. Carapace:
rich reddish brown, almost black around eyes; a broken white stripe
extends on each side from ALE to posterolateral corner and down to
posterior border; a few white scales along ventral margin; central part
of clypeus between AME without white scales which extend as a tuft
beneath AME and over front surface of chelicerae and, less conspicu-
ously, laterally along cheek region. Abdomen: dark reddish brown at
base; then a series of light and dark bars on dorsum best shown in
Figure 217; thus nine distinct dorsolateral bars; venter dull brown.

Female. Characters briefly summarized by Banks (29). Epigynum
with a deep central posterior marginal notch and a median swelling
separating two shallow cavities (Fig. 218).

Type locality. Male allotype from Canal Zone Biological Area, June,
1939. Male paratypes and females from the following localities: El
Valle, R. P., July, 1936; Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., July-Aug.,
1939; Canal Zone Biological Area, June, Aug., 1939.

Genus Avitus Peckham, 1896

AVITUS DIOLENII Peckham, 1896

Avitus diolenit F. Cambridge, 1901
A. diolenit Simon, 1901

A. diolenit Petrunkevitch, 1911

A. diolenii Petrunkevitch, 1925

The Peckhams had a single male from Panama sent to them by
Count Keyserling. So far as I know, the species has not been col-
lected since that time. It has not yet appeared in my collection. I
have a single male from the Canal Zone Biological Area, Aug., 1939,
which I have tentatively assigned to this genus. It is a damaged
specimen and will not be described in this paper. When better speci-
mens are available it will certainly have to be described as a new
species and possibly will be the basis of a new genus.

Genus Beata Peckham, 1895

Professor Petrunkevitch (25) considered that six species of the
genus Beata were known at the time of his paper on Arachnida from
Panama. He gave a detailed description of the female of B. magna

258 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Peckham and also described B. striata as a new species. I have re-
tained B. variegata (F. Cambridge) in the genus with some hesitation.
It is probably a species whose single retromarginal tooth is intermedi-
date between the fissidentate and unidentate condition. It shows in
some females as a fissidentate tooth but in males which I have exam-
ined it is quite distinctly unidentate. M. lewispinus F. Cambridge is
transferred to this genus on the basis of several characters as well as
the fissidentate retromarginal tooth on the fang groove. Mr. Banks
(29) identified two males as Homalattoides roseus F. Cambridge and
a female as Beata magna Peckham. I think both of these are Dry-
phias maccuni (Peckham) and I have so treated them in this paper.
With the changes which I have indicated and including additions from
my collections we appear to have ten species of Beata now known from
Panama; B. cephalica F. Cambridge; B. flavolineata (F. Cambridge) ;
B. levispina (F. Cambridge); B. longipes (F. Cambridge); B. magna
Peckham; B. munda sp. nov.; B. striata Petrunkevitch; B. variegata
(F. Cambridge); B. venusta sp. nov.; B. zeteki sp. nov. Both sexes
are known for only two of these.

Key to the species of Beata from Panama
Males

1. Carapace with two dorsolateral yellowish stripes; abdomen with a central
dorsal and two dorsolateral yellowish stripes. Palp: tibial apophysis a
simple hooked spur; embolus distal in origin, slender, sinuous............

B. flavolineata, (p. 260)

. Not with combination of characters given above................------ 2

2. Carapace without conspicuous stripes; basal half of chelicerae with many
white hairs; abdomen with an obscure central dorsal light stripe with a
series of obscure dark spots on each side of it. Palp: tibial apophysis a
fairly stout, nearly straight spur; embolus originates on prolateral side and
completes more than a full turn of a spiral......... B. levispina, (p. 260)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................--- 3

3. Carapace with scattered white scales but without stripes; abdomen with

light brownish dorsum and numerous white scales; an oval scutum in ante-
rior half of dorsum. Palp: tibial apophysis a sharply pointed spur, strongly
geniculate near its base; embolus distal in origin, stout and squarely trun-
caterdistallly. oo Soe ea suse, Se mee a nsaeree area peers cceis1 2) B. longipes, (p. 264)
3. Not with combination of characters given above...................--- 4
4, Carapace with a pair of white dorsolateral stripes; chelicerae without white
hairs; abdomen with a pair of yellowish white dorsolateral stripes. Palp:
tibial apophysis a stout hooked spur; embolus distal in origin, stout, straight,
POINtEa: at ytipiesesews se N eae y ce Ieee eka eeeerers B. variegata, (p. 267)

ft

iw)

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 259

. Carapace with inconspicuous white dorsolateral stripes; chelicerae without
white hairs; abdomen with a pair of narrow whitish dorsolateral stripes
bounding central dorsal reddish brown area. Palp: tibial apophysis a short,
stout, distally blunt spur; embolus distal 1n origin, nearly straight, gradu-
ally narrowed from base to tip............----+---- B. venusta, (p. 271)

Females

. PLE occupy full width of carapace, on low but distinct tubercles. Epigynum
without posterior marginal notch; with a lip a short distance in front of
posterior margin; center of plate with two small depressions more than three
diameters of one of them apart................... B. cephalica, (p. 260)

. Not with combination of characters given above..............--++++-- 2

2. PLE occupy about seven ninths of width of carapace, not on distinct
tubercles. Epigynum: with a deep posterior marginal notch; anterior half
of plate occupied by two oval depressions separated by a low septum.....

B. levispina, (p. 260)
. Not with combination of characters given above..............---+--+- 3

. PLE occupy about seven eighths of width of carapace, not on distinct
tubercles. Epigynum: with a moderately deep posterior marginal notch;
anterior half of plate with a median transverse depression and a pair of con-
spicuous tubules procurved from middle of plate...... B. magna, (p. 264)

. Not with combination of characters given above.............---+++++: 4

. PLE occupy about eleven twelfths of width of carapace, not on low tuber-
cles; clypeus with many white hairs. Epigynum: with a shallow posterior
marginal notch; central part with a pair of procurved plates bounding a
slightly; depressed areay... 55.5. jaece see ee eee eee B. munda, (p. 265)

. Not with combination of characters given above............---+++-++: 5
. PLE occupy about five sixths of width of carapace, not on low tubercles;
clypeus and base of chelicerae with many whitish hairs. Epigynum: with a
broad but shallow posterior marginal notch; anterior half of plate without
a central depressed area, but with a pair of procurved plates bounding a
central, somewhat swollen area.............-.-.--. B. variegata, (p. 267)
. Not with combination of characters given above..............--+-+++:: 6
. PLE occupy about ten elevenths of width of carapace, not on distinct
tubercles; clypeus with many white hairs. Epigynum: with a moderately
deep posterior marginal notch; anterior half of plate with a pair of small
depressions, nearly contiguous..............-------: B. striata, (p. 267)
. PLE occupy nearly five sixths of width of carapace, not on distinct tuber-
cles; clypeus with many white hairs overhanging bases of chelicerae. Epigy-
num: with a posterior marginal notch and a recess which extends laterally
on both sides; posterior half of plate with a pair of deep depressions separ-
ated by a septum wider than the long diameter of one of the depressions

B. zeteki, (p. 273)

260 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

BEATA CEPHALICA F. Cambridge, 1901

B. cephalica Petrunkevitch, 1911
B. cephalica Petrunkevitch, 1925

F. Cambridge had only the female to this species and, so far as I
know, it has not been reported since that time. It has not yet ap-
peared in my collections.

BEATA FLAVOLINEATA (F. Cambridge), 1901

Metaphidippus flavolineatus F. Cambridge, 1901
B. flavolineata Simon, 1903

B. flavolineata Petrunkevitch, 1911

B. flavolineata Petrunkevitch, 1925

In the Nathan Banks collection in the Museum of Comparative |
Zoology are specimens of this species from Vera Cruz, Mexico. In the
Peckham collection are many specimens from San Rafael, Mexico?,
but this lot may be mixed. I have several specimens from Boquete,
R. P., July, 1939. Only males are known.

g

BEATA LEVISPINA (F. Cambridge}, 1901
Figures 219-224

Metaphidippus levispinus F. Cambridge, 1901
Dendryphantes levispinus Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. levispinus Petrunkevitch, 1925

F. Cambridge apparently paid little attention to teeth along the
fang groove. He described this species as having but one tooth on the
promargin of the fang groove and two on the retromargin. A careful
study shows that the smaller of the two regarded as retromarginal
teeth is in reality the expected smal] promarginal tooth. The retro-
marginal tooth is definitely fissidentate. This and other features lead
me to believe the species to be a Beata and so.J transfer it to that genus.

Male hypotype. Total length 4.54 mm. Carapace 2.27 mm. long,
1.79 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy slightly more than seven
eighths of the width of the carapace at their level; 1.21 mm. tall and,
therefore, nearly .69 as tall as wide; dorsal surface, especially the inter-
ocular area, finely granulate; rather robust in general with lateral sides
well rounded from ALE to posterolateral corners; a very short, broad,
median, longitudinal, thoracic groove in a shallow depression about
half way from PLE to beginning of steep posterior declivity which
begins about half way from PLE to posterior border (Fig. 219).

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 261

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one tenth of the
diameter of ALE. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of
25: : 23, wider than middle row in ratio of 5 : 4. Quadrangle of laterals
wider than long in ratio of 5 : 3. Total eye space occupies nine seven-
teenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :
PLE = 19 :10 :2.3.:9. AME separated from one another by two
nineteenths of their diameter, from ALE by one fourth of their di-
ameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 13 : 16.
Height of clypeus equal to one fourth of the diameter of AME. Cly-
peus decorated only by a, ventral fringe of bristles, a transverse row of
a few longer black bristles, and the usual three long bristles in lower
angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Very robust; much swollen in front; parallel; somewhat
porrect; basal segment 1.02 mm. long; basal half in front covered by
lanceolate white hairs. Fang moderately robust, somewhat sinuous,
narrows suddenly about the middle. Fang groove with two pro-
marginal teeth, the smaller far from the larger because of the great
widening of the basal segment; retromargin with a typical fissidentate
tooth (Figs. 220-221). j

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in ratio of 2 : 1; only slightly
concave along outer border; outer distal angle well rounded; palp
inserted into basal two fifths.

Inp. As wide as long; basal excavations reach less than one third of
length of organ; reaches to middle of maxillae. Sternal suture gently
procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 19 : 11,
widest between second coxae; quite convex in posterior half; covered
quite thickly with stiff, elongate, light colored, lanceolate hairs; ante-
rior border about as wide as base of lip; posterior end bluntly rounded
and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by only
one tenth of their diameter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 14, of fourth leg 17.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 1.72 1.28 1.53 1.02 65 6.20
2: 1.21 75 77 76 51 4.00
a: 1.15 64 64 81 A5 3.69
4. LAL 65 90 88 A5 4.29
Palp 89 31 24 a 53 1.97

262 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Legs with a moderate amount of long light colored hair and numerous
white lanceolate hairs but no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal O-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2;
patella only prolateral 0-2-0, retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral
0-0-1-0, retrolateral 0-1-0, ventral 2-2-2 (promarginal series occupy
only slightly more than distal half of segment); metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2 on left, 1-2-2 on right. Second leg: femur as in first except retro-
lateral distal 1; patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia pro-
lateral and retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 1r—1 (median)-—2; metatarsus
prolateral and retrolateral 1-1, ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur and
patella as in second; tibia as in second except ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus
prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal
0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral
0-1-0, retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 0-2; metatarsus prolateral and
retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-O0-1-1.

Palp. Femur considerably curved dorsoventrally; covered dorsally
with white lanceolate hair; patella and tibia both short; retrolateral
tibial apophysis a simple robust spur directed forward; tarsal bulb
constricted posteriorly; embolus arises on prolateral side of bulb, de-
scribes nearly three fourths of a circle and terminates in a slender fila-
ment which lies transversely across cymbium. (Figs. 222-223).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of about 8 : 5; widest in
middle; anal tubercle a short cone with a terminal tuft of white hairs;
spinnerets as usual in the genus; position of colulus indicated by a
group of stiff hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. Carapace; generally a very bright reddish brown
with eyes on black spots; much lanceolate white hair which persists
along dorsolateral regions to give the effect of obscure white stripes; a
patch of white hair beneath each ALE; front of chelicerae white as
already noted. Mouth parts generally reddish brown. Legs: first pair
all dark reddish brown except yellowish tarsi which are brown in mid-
dle; first coxae reddish brown, all others yellowish; second to fourth
pairs of legs much like first except progressively lighter. Abdomen:
dorsum generally reddish brown; an obscure central lighter stripe
flanked on either side by a series of obscure darker spots, more or less
united; grayish color at base continues dorsolaterally nearly to poste-
rior end; lateral sides with narrow alternate yellowish and brown
stripes; venter with a brownish spotted central stripe bordered on
each side by a row of yellowish dots.

Female allotype. Total length 5.00 mm. Carapace 2.05 mm. long;
1.79 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy twenty-three twenty-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 263

eighths of width of carapace at their level; 1.21 mm. tall and, there-
fore, .68 as tal] as wide; somewhat inflated dorsolaterally behind PLE.
Other features essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME are slightly above those of ALE. Posterior row wider
than anterior row in ratio of 25 : 23, wider than middle row in ratio
of 5 : 4. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 5 : 3. Total
eye space occupies nine sixteenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 18:10 : 2 : 9.5. AME separated from
one another by one ninth of their diameter, from ALE by one sixth of
their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of
5:7. Height of clypeus obscured by white hairs but probably about
two ninths of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated by a thick
coating of white lanceolate hair and a few long bristles which protrude
through the hair.

Chelicerae. Parallel, robust; very much swollen in front; basal seg-
ment .77 mm. long; covered in front with many white lanceolate hairs
and long simple light colored hair. Fang robust, of moderate length,
evenly curved. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth and a typical
fissidentate retromarginal tooth.

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first and fourth legs 17.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

iL, 1.28 89 .96 64 0 4.34
2. 1.02 0 70 08 Ol 3.38
3. 1.02 Ra}3) 61 64 40 3.22
4, ° 1.34 .69 83 76 .50 4.12

Spines. First leg: femur as in male; patella only prolateral 0-1-0;
tibia only ventral 2-2-2 (promarginal series occupy the distal seven
tenths of segment, the retromarginal series the distal five sixths);
metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in male;
tibia only prolateral 0-1, ventral 1r—lr—2; metatarsus only prolateral
1-0-1, ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur as in second; patella prolateral

and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-0-2, retrolateral
1-1; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth
leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella
only retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia only retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-0-2;
metatarsus prolateral 1-1, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines:
only femur dorsal 0-1-1.

264 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 25 : 16; widest two
fifths from base. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate small, about as long as wide; with a
fairly deep posterior notch; anterior half occupied by two elongated
and fairly deep depressions separated by a low septum about as wide
as each depression (Fig. 224).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: a bright reddish brown overlaid by many
white appressed lanceolate hairs so that the appearance is quite gray.
Legs: first pair somewhat darker than others but all are yellowish white,
much ringed and barred with reddish brown and all are provided with
many white lanceolate hairs. All mouth parts reddish brown; chelicerae
with white hairs in front; maxillae and lip with yellowish white tips.
Abdomen: with pattern usually followed by female Beatas, with many
variations; dorsum generally dull reddish brown with three pairs of
small yellowish white spots in anterior two thirds; along dorsolateral
area another series of five pairs of yellowish white marks, narrow and
somewhat oblique bars, the next to the last pair being longest and best
defined, the last pair united dorsal to anal tubercle; lateral areas cov-
ered by alternate narrow brown and yellow striations; central part of
venter with a broad brownish stripe, lighter through the center and
bordered by a row of connected yellowish dots larger than usual.

Type locality. Male hypotype and female allotype from El Valle,
R. P., July, 1936. Two other males and seven female paratypes from
the same locality and the same date.

BEATA LONGIPES (F. Cambridge), 1901

Homalattoides longipes F. Cambridge, 1901
B. longipes Simon, 1903

B. longipes Petrunkevitch, 1911

B. longipes Petrunkevitch, 1925

F. Cambridge had only males of this species and those only from
Panama. So far as I know it has not been taken since the original col-
lections were made, and it has not yet appeared in my collections.

BEATA MAGNA Peckham, 1895

Beata magna F. Cambridge, 1901
B. magna Simon, 1903

B. magna Petrunkevitch, 1911
B. magna Petrunkevitch, 1925

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 265

The Peckhams had four females from Colombia, but only one now

remains in the Peckham collection. F. Cambridge had specimens

from Guatemala and Panama. Petrunkevitch (25) gave a detailed

description of the female, but the male is still unknown. The species
has not yet appeared in my collections.

BEATA MUNDA spec. nov.
Figure 225

Female holotype. Total length 4.48 mm. Carapace 1.82. long, 1.31
mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy about eleven twelfths of the
width of the carapace at their level, .84 mm. tall and, therefore .64
as tall as wide; with a moderate supply of white lanceolate hair and
numerous black bristles the longest of which are in the close vicinity of
the eyes; with a short median longitudinal thoracic groove lying just
in front of beginning of steep posterior declivity which lies about half
way from PLE to posterior border.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME just misses dorsal borders of ALE.
Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 11 : 10, wider than
middle row in ratio of 55 : 47. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long
in ratio of 11°: 7. Total eye space occupies fourteen twenty-sevenths
of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE =
16 : 7.5 : 2:7. AME separated from one another by one tenth of their
diameter, from ALE by one sixth of their diameter. Middle eyes
closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 9 : 11. Height of clypeus equal
to one sixth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with numerous
white lanceolate hairs, a fringe of longer white lanceolate hairs, a few
white bristles, and three long white bristles in lower angle between
AME.

Chelicerae. Essentially parallel, vertical; quite swollen near base
medially; somewhat smoothly excavated along medial border in distal
half; a brown oblique mark near base; covered with loose short lance-
olate white hairs; basal segment .62 mm. long. Fang fairly robust,
evenly curved. Fang groove with the usual two promarginal teeth of
which the medial is small, the other considerably larger; retromargin
with a single robust fissidentate tooth.

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
3 : 2; only mildly notched in middle of outer border; palp inserted into
basal two fifths; outer distal corner well rounded and without tubercle
or hook.

266 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Tip. Longer than wide in ratio of 15 : 13; basal excavations reach
just a little less than one third of length of organ; reaches slightly
beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 7 : 5;
widest between second coxae but not much narrowed between first
coxae; quite convex in posterior three fourths; anterior border a little
narrower than base of lip; posterior end squarely truncate and not
extended between fourth coxae which are separated by one fourth of
their width.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 22, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

it, 90 O0 .06 45 30 2.83
2. 78 45 45 .40 32 2-40
3. 83 40 40 .00 39) 2.48
4. 1.02 ol 64 62 .36 3.15

~ Legs with a moderate supply of simple hair but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0—-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2; patella
0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2 with promarginal series occupying distal
two thirds of segment and retromarginal series only a little more than
this; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in
first except femur retrolateral distal 1; tibia only prolateral 0-1,
ventral lr-lr-2; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur and patella
as in second; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-0-2; meta-
tarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur
and patella as in third; tibia prolateral 0-1, ventral 1p—O0-2; meta-
tarsus prolateral 0-1, retrolateral 0-2, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines:
only femur dorsal 0-0-1.

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 43 : 27; widest about
two fifths from base; anal tubercle and spinnerets as usual in the genus;
position of colulus indicated by a small tuft of dark hairs; tracheal
spiracle near base of spinnerets, without tubercle.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate simple; posterior margin with a shallow
notch; anterior half with two broad procurved plates enclosing a
slightly depressed area (Fig. 225).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: almost entirely and fairly uniformly
light reddish brown overlaid with a moderate number of white lance-
olate hairs which seem to concentrate to make an indefinite marginal
stripe; eyes on black spots. Sternum, chelicerae, lip, and maxillae red-
dish brown, the two latter tipped with yellowish white. Palps and all

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 267

legs yellowish with a few dorsal and lateral reddish brown spots, most
marked on first pair of legs. Abdomen: generally yellowish white with
reddish brown markings; dorsal area with a complicated pattern re-
sembling somewhat the pattern represented by F. Cambridge for M.
variegatus and M. expallidatus, difficult to describe accurately;
lateral sides spotted with reddish brown, and on each side an oblique
speckled reddish brown bar occurs in posterior third; venter with a
broad, rectangular, central, deep reddish brown stripe from genital
groove to tracheal spiracle, united laterally with oblique bar.

Type locality. Female holotype from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936.
One paratype female from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

BEATA STRIATA Petrunkevitch, 1925

Professor Petrunkevitch had one female from Cerro Iglesia, R. P. I
have had the privilege of examining the type in the collection of Pro-
fessor Petrunkevitch, but the species has not yet appeared in my col-
lection.

BEATA VARIEGATA (F. Cambridge), 1901
Figures 226-227

Metaphidippus variegatus F. Cambridge, 1901
B. variegata Simon, 1903

B. variegata Petrunkevitch, 1911

B. variegata Petrunkevitch, 1925

As pointed out in an earlier place, this species has been retained in
the genus Beata with some hesitation. In the males in my collection
the single retromarginal tooth on the fang groove is quite distinctly
unidentate. In some females the tooth is fissidentate while in others it
would be called unidentate. The species appears to be one in which
the teeth are in an intermediate condition between the two types. At
one time in the course of the study of this family I selected a female
which showed the fissidentate condition in a fairly satisfactory way
and intended to describe it as a new species. I am now satisfied that
the specimen belongs to this species and I, therefore, am using it as a
hypotype of which I give the following description:

Female hypotype. Total length 5.12 mm. Carapace 2.50 mm. long,
1.98 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy twenty-six
thirty-firsts of the width of the carapace at that level, 1.22 mm. tall
and, therefore, .61 as tall as wide; only slightly depressed from PLE to
posterior steep declivity which begins about six thirteenths of the dis-

268 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

tance from PLE to the posterior border; with many long black bristles
throughout dorsal area, especially around eyes; many white appressed
lanceolate hairs; with a short median longitudinal thoracic groove just
in front of beginning of steep posterior declivity.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one tenth of diameter of
ALE. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 13 : 12, wider
than middle row in ratio of 13 : 11. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 13 : 8. Total eye space occupies nine twentieths of the
length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE=
20 : 10.5 :3 : 10. AME separated from one another by about three
twentieths of their diameter, from ALE by slightly more than this.
Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 4 : 5. Height of
clypeus equal to seven twentieths of the diameter of AME. Clypeus
decorated with a thick mat of yellowish white hair, a few long whitish
bristles which protrude through the hairy mat, and the usual three
bristles in the lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Robust; much swollen in front at base; parallel, verti-
cal; basal segment 1.00 mm. long. Fang robust, evenly curved.
Fang groove with two small promarginal teeth and a single, robust,
moderately fissidentate tooth (Fig. 226).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 2 :
1; only moderately concave along outer border; outer distal angle well
rounded.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 25 : 18; basal excavations reach
about one third of length of organ; reaches nearly two thirds the
length of the maxillae; sternal suture slightly procurved.

Sternwm. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 5:3;
widest between second coxae; anterior border considerably narrower
than base of lip; quite convex in posterior two thirds; posterior end
not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by five eight-
eenths of their diameter. Anterior coxae much the stoutest.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.41 .96 .98 76 OT 4.68
2. 1.21 15 70 64 ~ 48 3.78
3. 1.26 64 64 1 53 3.78
4.

1.60 aeilygyas .96 89 58 4.74

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 269

Bi NH
(Gi

a
XY YY
my)

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 221. Beata levispina, male cheliceral teeth.
Figs. 222-223. B. levispina, male palp, ventral view; and palpal tibia, retro-
lateral view.

Fig. 224. B. levispina, epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 225. B. munda Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.
Fig. 226. B. variegata, female cheliceral teeth.

Fig. 227. B. variegata, epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 228. B. venusta Chickering; male cheliceral teeth.

Figs. 229-230. B. venusta Chickering; male palp ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

Fig. 231. B. zeteki Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 232. B. zeteki Chickering; abdomen, dorsal view.

270 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

First leg moderately enlarged. All legs with a moderate supply of light
colored hair and dark bristles, but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1-0, prolateral distal 1;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, promarginal series occupying just a
little more than the distal half of the segment, the retromarginal series
about the distal three fifths; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second
leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only prolateral 0-1, ventral
1r—l1r—2; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1, ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur
and patella as in first except femur retrolateral distal 1; tibia prolateral
0-1, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral and retro-
lateral 1-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral
and retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only retrolateral 0-1, ventral
0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-1-1, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2.

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 22 : 13; widest about
the middle; anal tubercle and spinnerets as usual in the genus; position
of colulus not indicated; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets,
without a tubercle.

Epigynum. Resembles somewhat that of M. pallens F.Cambridge
from Guatemala. Epigynal plate about as long as wide; notched in
middle of posterior margin; in anterior half is a central low septum
constricted behind the middle, then broadened and constricted again
(Fig. 227).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: light reddish brown overlaid with much
white lanceolate hair and iridescent scales especially in interocular
area; a narrow transverse irregular light band just behind PLE; eyes
on black spots. All mouth parts yellowish white. All legs yellowish
white, banded, spotted, and sometimes striped with reddish brown.
Abdomen: a narrow central light brown stripe with many iridescent
scales extends nearly from base to anal tubercle; this stripe separates a
series of eight dark reddish brown spots which are in turn separated by
short white bars; the two anterior pairs of brown spots include a small
white spot in each anteromedial corner; lateral sides yellowish white
streaked with reddish brown; venter yellowish white with a broad
central reddish brown stripe extending throughout and enclosing a
pair of rows of yellowish dots.

Type locality. Female hypotype from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.
Several additional males and’ females from the same locality and at
the same time.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA ml

BEATA VENUSTA spec. nov.
Figures 228-230

This species appears to be closely related to B. flavolineata (F.
Cambridge), but there are good specific differences such as color and
palpal characters.

Male holotype. Total length 3.26 mm. Carapace 1.66 mm. long,
1.28 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy seventeen nineteenths
of width of carapace at their level, .83 mm. tall and, therefore, about .65
as tall as wide; surface finely granulated, especially in interocular area;
many simple black hairs and white lanceolate hairs as noted later; a
short median longitudinal thoracic groove nearly half way from oppo-
site PLE to beginning of steep posterior declivity.

Eyes. Seen from above, anterior row recurved so that a line tangent
to dorsal borders of AME lies just slightly above dorsal borders of
ALE. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 51 : 47; wider
than middle row in ratio of 51 : 44. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 51 : 30. Total eye space occupies thirty-five seventy-
sevenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE: PME :
PLE = 16:8 :2:7. AME separated from one another by one six-
teenth of their diameter, from ALE by the same distance. Middle eyes
closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 5 : 4. Height of clypeus equal to
one eighth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a few
white lancedlate hairs, a ventral fringe of bristles, and the usual three
bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Very slightly porrect; slightly divergent; moderately
produced; basal segment .53 mm. long. Fang moderately robust,
evenly curved. Fang groove with two small promarginal teeth and a
single robust fissidentate tooth, somewhat modified from the typical
(Fig. 228).

Mazxillae. Essentially parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio ©
of about 2:1; ridged along middle of retrolateral surface; outer
distal angle with a minute hook projected forward.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of 14 : 11; basal excavations reach
about one third the length of the organ; reaches to middle of maxillae.
Sternal suture very gently procurved.

Sternum. Somewhat scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 31 : 23;
widest between second coxae; quite convex in posterior four fifths
anterior border nearly as wide as base of lip; posterior end a blunt
point, not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by one
third of their diameter. Anterior coxae considerably the stoutest.

202 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 31, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

he .90 39 46 1 32 2.58
2. 76 42 45 38 32 2.33
3. 16 40 42 45 32 2.35
4. .90 45 .64 .60 2 2.91
Palp Ol .16 sli = 46 1.24

Fourth legs much the stoutest. All legs with a moderate supply of
simple and white lanceolate hair, but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 1;
patella prolateral 0-1(very small)—0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, pro-
marginal series occupying only distal half of segment, the retromar-
ginal series about the distal two thirds; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2.
Second Jeg: femur dorsal 0—-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2, retrolateral distal
1; patella 0; tibia only ventral lr—-lr—Ir; metatarsus only prolateral
0-1, ventral 2-1r. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1—1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral distal 2; patella only retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia only retro-
lateral 0-1-0, ventral 0-O0-1p; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral
1-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur as in third except retrolateral dis-
tal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-1,
retrolateral 0-2, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1-1.

Palp. Femur only moderately curved dorsoventrally; patella and
tibia both short, the latter about two thirds as long as the former;
tibial retrolatera]l apophysis a simple spur directed obliquely forward;
bulb moderately swollen, largely overlaps tibia, deeply excavated con-
tiguous to tibial spur; bulb with two lobes, the small anterior rugulose
lobe drawn out into a distinct tubercle on retrolateral side, from center
of its anterior surface arises the embolus, a slender, sharply pointed
spine (Figs. 229-230).

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 26 : 15; widest about
one third from base; anal tubercle and spinnerets as usual in the genus;
position of colulus not indicated; tracheal spiracle near base of spin-
nerets and without a tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally a rich reddish brown with eyes
on black spots and with many black intereommunicating lines nearly
everywhere; many white lanceolate hairs which seem to occur mostly
beneath ALE and backward to opposite. PLE as an irregular stripe;
the white hairs also occur from ALE beneath and around PLE to steep
posterior declivity, they are very loose and doubtless many are re-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 273

moved by handling. All mouth parts reddish brown, including palps
which have a few whitish hairs on dorsal side of femora. Legs: first pair
all reddish brown except the yellowish white tarsi and patellae which
are yellowish white at base on prolateral and ventral sides; other legs
yellowish white with reddish brown spots and patches the most definite
of these being the distal ends of femora two to four. Abdomen: central
dorsal area reddish brown with a few dirty white lanceolate hairs; a
whitish band at base extends dorsolaterally to bound the central brown
area to anal tubercle; lateral sides brownish with very narrow yellowish
stripes; venter reddish brown bounded by a row of yellowish dots on
each side; lung areas yellowish white.

Type locality. Male holotype and two male paratypes from El
Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

BEATA ZETEKI spec. nov.
Figures 231-232

Female holotype. Total length 3.39 mm. Carapace 1.73 mm. long,
1.36 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy fifty-five sixty-thirds of
width of the carapace at their level, .83 mm. tall and, therefore, .61
as tall as wide; with a moderate amount of both black lanceolate and
white lanceolate hair; descends very slightly from PLE to steep poste-
rior declivity which is very abrupt; a very short median longitudinal
thoracic groove about half way from PLE to beginning of steep poste-
rior declivity which occurs a little more than half way from PLE to
posterior border.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a line tangent to dorsal borders
of AME just misses the dorsal borders of ALE. Posterior row wider
than anterior row in ratio of 11 : 10, wider than middle row in ratio of
55:46. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 55 : 34.
Total eye space occupies almost exactly half the length of the carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 16:8:1.75:7. AME
separated from one another by scarcely one sixteenth of their diameter,
from ALE by one tenth of their diameter. Middle eyes slightly closer
- to ALE than to PLE. Height of clypeus equal to about three sixteenths
of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated by a brush of white lance-
olate hairs, the longest of which occur on ventral margin and overlap
bases of chelicerae, two long white bristles beneath each AME, and
three brownish bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Fairly robust, parallel, vertical; quite gibbous in front,

274 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

especially in middle; basal segment .51 mm. long. Fang fairly robust,
evenly curved. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth, the more
medial one small, the other much larger; a single robust, retromarginal,
deeply fissidentate tooth.

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of 21 : 12;
moderately notched in middle of outer border; outer distal angle well
rounded and without a tubercle or hook; somewhat excavated and
strongly chitinized contiguous to lip.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 5 : 4; basal excavations reach
about one third of length of organ; reaches just beyond the middle of
maxillae. Sternal suture straight or very slightly procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 35 : 22;
widest between second coxae, nearly as wide between first coxae;
anterior border slightly narrower than base of lip; convex throughout
its length with greatest convexity between third coxae; posterior end
a blunt point not extended between fourth coxae which are separated
by one third of their diameter. Anterior coxae much the stoutest.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 20, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. .96 .63 .63 58 39 3.18
2. .90 Jl 56 51 35 T2381
3. 95 45 45 Sl .o2 2.74
4,

1.00 Ol 67 64 Al 3.23

All legs with a moderate supply of simple hair but with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1 and prolateral distal 2;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, promarginal series occupying just a
little more than distal half of segment, retromarginal series about.the
distal four fifths; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur and
patella as in first except femur retrolateral distal 1; tibia only pro-
lateral 0-1, ventral lr—lr-2; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Third
leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella
0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus pro-
lateral 1-2, retrolateral 0-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur and pa-
tella as in third; tibia only retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-l1p—O0-2; meta-
tarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-1. Palpal spines: only
femur dorsal 0-0-1.

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 29 : 21 (osowdes than
usual in the genus); widest just before the middle; anal tubercle and
spinnerets retracted but the latter plainly more robust than usual in

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 275

the genus; position of colulus not observed; tracheal spiracle near base
of spinnerets and without a tubercle.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate with a posterior median marginal notch
which has right and left covered extensions; just in front of posterior
margin are two deep depressions separated by a septum considerably
broader than the long diameter of one of the depressions (Fig. 231).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally reddish brown, eyes on black
spots; a gently recurved narrow lighter band occurs just behind PLE;
steep posterior and lateral sides to PLE covered with black lanceolate
hair; white lanceolate hair around eyes and backward to posterolateral
corners. Chelicerae dark reddish brown; maxillae and Jip light brown
with whitish tips. Sternum light reddish brown. Palps and all legs
yellowish white except fourth patellae and tibiae which are reddish
brown at distal ends dorsally and laterally. Abdomen: yellowish white
dorsally with a striking reddish brown pattern consisting of a series of
four cross bars, the first very narrow at base, the second narrow
laterally but greatly broadened medially and enclosing a small yellow-
ish white spot, the third is broad and connected in front with the
second, the fourth covers the tip of the abdomen (Fig. 232); the narrow
basal band extends as a stripe along the lateral sides and connects
with each reddish brown bar; venter yellowish white with a large,
nearly square, reddish brown patch just anterior to spiracle, between
the square and genital groove is a reddish brown dotted area.

Type locality. Holotype female from Ft. Davis, C. Z., August, 1936.
No paratypes.

Genus CHELIFEROIDES F’. Cambridge, 1901

CHELIFEROIDES PLANUS spec. nov.
Figures 233-236

There is some doubt about the proper placement of this species.
It seems to lie close to this genus if not actually in it. Rather than
make a new genus for it I consider it better to describe it carefully and
leave it here unti) further knowledge is available concerning its affilia-
tions. My single specimen is somewhat damaged but its important
features are clear enough.

Female holotype. Total length 5.18 mm. Carapace 1.98 mm. long,
1.60 mm. wide considerably behind PLE which occupy thirty-seven
forty-thirds of total width of carapace at their level, .57 mm. tall and,
therefore, about .36 as tall as wide; rises gently from AME to PLE.

276 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

then descends very slightly to steep posterior declivity which begins
four fifths of the distance from PLE to posterior border; a medial
longitudinal thoracic groove of moderate length about half way from
PLE to posterior declivity; lateral sides well rounded from PME with
widest place opposite thoracic groove (Figs. 233-234).

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that dorsal borders of AME are
slightly dorsal to those of ALE. Anterior row slightly wider than poste-
rior row, wider than middle row in ratio of 55 : 48. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of 55 : 31. Total eye space occupies.
about seven eighteenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME: PLE = 16:9 :2.5:7.5. AME nearly contiguous,
separated from ALE by one eighth of their diameter. Middle eyes
closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of about 7 : 8. Height of clypeus
equal to one eighth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only
by a few long yellowish white hairs and three long upturned yellowish
bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Parallel; vertical or slightly porrect; with prominent
basal boss; swollen considerably in front obliquely across the middle;
basal segment of moderate size, .46 mm. long. Fang of moderate size,
evenly curved. Fang groove distinct, with two promarginal teeth, the
inner small, the outer of moderate size; retromargin with a single, low,
broad, typically fissidentate tooth.

Mazillae. Slightly convergent; longer than wide in ratio of about
2 : 1; only moderately concave in middle of outer border; palp inserted
into basal two fifths; outer distal angle about sixty degrees, with mar-
gin from angle to notch irregular and strongly chitinized.

Lip. As wide as long; basal excavations reach slightly more than
one third the length of the organ; reaches about seven twelfths of the
length of maxillae. Sterna] suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of about 4 : 3; widest
between second coxae; anterior border almost as wide as base of lip
and anterior coxae almost as wide apart as two thirds the width of
sternum; posterior end a blunt point not extended between fourth
coxae which are separated by one half their diameter.

Legs. 1248. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.28 sel 1.15 sel 39° 4.36
Dr 1.02 51 64 57 .o2 3.06
3. .80 45 e5il 57 Bo 2.68
4, .83 ye stl .59 By 3.03

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA Dili

First leg chelate; with femur, patella, and tibia much thickened (Fig.
235). First pair of legs with a well developed ventral fringe on tibia;
other segments with a moderate supply of hair. Remaining pairs of
legs with little hair. Palps with tibiae and tarsi flattened into some-
what club-shaped organs, with well developed prolateral fringes on
both of these segments.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-0 on right side; 0-1-1-1 on
left, prolateral O-2-1-0 on right and 0-1-1-0 on left; patella 0; tibia
only ventral 2-2-2 (quite well matched and occupying the distal two
thirds of segment; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2; all tibial and meta-
tarsal spines robust and springing from enlarged bases. Second leg:
femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2 (all
long and slender); metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur only
dorsal 0-1—1-1; elsewhere 0. Fourth leg: as in third. Palpal spines:
only femur dorsal 0-1-1-0.

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 5 : 3; widest about
three fifths from base; anal tubercle a short yellowish cone; spinnerets
without unusual features, closely grouped, anterior pair most robust,
middle pair slenderest and nearly as long as anterior pair, posterior
pair slightly the longest. Position of colulus not indicated. Tracheal
spiracle near base of spinnerets, with indistinct lip and no tubercle.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate somewhat longer than wide; posterior
margin without a notch; a lip extends transversely a short distance in
front of posterior margin; a semicircular recurved depression occupies
anterior half of plate (Fig. 236).

Color in aleohol. Carapace: light brown with eyes on black spots and
interocular area dark brown; numerous small clear iridescent scales
cover entire surface. Palps and chelicerae light brown. Lip and maxil-
lae amber with yellowish white tips. Sternum yellowish, dusted with
dark brown. Legs: first pair dark reddish brown, femur and tibia the
darkest; others yellowish white with prolateral and retrolateral red-
dish brown stripes. Abdomen: somewhat damaged; apparently almost
entirely unicolorous yellowish white with short black recurved hairs
and numerous clear iridescent scales except a faint dark median
ventral stripe.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1939. No paratypes.

278 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

DONALDIUS gen. nov.

Carapace moderately high, nearty flat dorsally, with lateral sides
nearly parallel in cephalic part, widest at level of PLE; with a small,
somewhat oval, median, longitudinal thoracic groove close to begin-
ning of steep posterior declivity which occurs about halfway from PLE
to posterior border. Eyes: anterior row moderately recurved; PME
slightly closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy the full width of the
carapace; anterior and posterior row about equal in width; quadrangle
of laterals considerably wider than long; total eye space occupies some-
what more than one half the length of the carapace. Clypeus low.
Chelicerae vertical, parallel, of moderate size; distinct fang groove with
a single, low, fairly robust, fissidentate tooth on retromargin. Mazillae
parallel, unmodified. Sternwm somewhat elongate scutiform, moder-
ately broad; widest between second coxae; moderately narrowed be-
tween first coxae; moderately convex. Legs: 1423; first pair consider-
ably enlarged; without fringes; leg spines somewhat reduced in num-
ber. Abdomen ovoid; spinnerets of moderate size. Genotype: Donaldius
lucidus sp. nov.

DoNALDIUS LUCIDUS spec. nov.
Figures 237-241

Female holotype. Total length 4.10 mm. Carapace 1.86 mm. long,
1.28 mm. wide at PLE which occupy the full width of the carapace,
.83 mm. tall and, therefore, about .65 as tall as wide; lateral sides
nearly parallel from ALE to PLE, nearly vertical over the same region;
nearly flat on dorsal surface from AME to steep posterior declivity
which begins about halfway from PLE to posterior border; surface
finely granulate with very few hairs; with a very small, somewhat oval,
median, thoracic groove close to beginning of posterior declivity (Figs.
237-238).

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME are slightly above those of ALE. Posterior row wider
than anterior row in ratio of 30 : 29, wider than middle row in ratio
of 30 : 26. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 10 : 7.
Total eye space occupies twenty-four forty-firsts of the length of the
carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 19 :10:2.5:
9. AME barely separated from one another and from ALE. Middle
eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about 6:7. Height of

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 279

WS;
y

239

237

External Anatomy of Spiders
Figs. 233-234. Cheliferoides planus Chickering; carapace dorsal and lateral

views.
Fig. 235. C. planus Chickering; first leg, prolateral view.
Fig. 236. C. planus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view. —
Fig. 237. Donaldius lucidus Chickering; carapace, lateral view.
Fig. 238. D. lucidus Chickering; whole body, dorsal view.
Fig. 239. D. lucidus Chickering; first leg, prolateral view.
Fig. 240. D. lucidus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 241. D. lucidus Chickering; cheliceral teeth.

280 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

clypeus equal to one nineteenth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus
decorated only with a few long white lanceolate hairs along ventral
margin, a single long white bristle beneath outer boundary of AME,
and three long upturned yellowish bristles in lower angle between
AME. .

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; considerably swollen in front; slightly
excavated in middle of medial border; basal segment .40 mm. long.
Fang of moderate size, evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; promargin
with two small teeth; retromargin with a single, fairly robust, low fissi-
dentate tooth (Fig. 241).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2 : 1; moderately concave in middle of outer border; outer distal corner
somewhat angulate but without tubercle or hook; with well developed
scopula along truncature.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 15 : 11; basal excavations reach
about one third of length of organ; reaches two thirds the length of
maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Somewhat elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio
of 38 : 23; widest between second coxae; quite convex, especially be-
tween second and third coxae; anterior border considerably narrower
than base of lip; anterior coxae separated by one half the greatest width
of sternum; posterior end blunt and not extended between fourth
coxae which are separated by only one eighth of their diameter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 20, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
12 1.08 .64 18 .64 38 3.52
23. 83 45 oil 48 at 2.72
3. 7 38 OL 51 oo 2.52
4, 1.05 45 70 64 38 3.22

All legs with a moderate supply of simple hair, but with no special
fringes or tufts. First leg considerably enlarged, especially the coxa,
femur, patella, and tibia (Fig. 239).

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O0-1-1-1-0, prolateral distal 2;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, last pair not terminal, with pro-
marginal series occupying distal five eighths of the segment, the retro-
marginal series occupying about the distal three quarters; metatarsus
only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1-0, prolateral
distal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 1r-O-2; metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-0, prolateral distal 1; patella

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 281

0; tibia 0; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1. Fourth leg: femur dorsal
0-1-1-1-0, retrolateral distal 1; elsewhere as in third. Palpal spines:
apparently only femur dorsal 0-0-1.

Abdomen. Almost oval in outline; 2.43 mm. long; longer than wide
in ratio of 19 : 9; anal tubercle a broad bisegmentate cone; six spin-
nerets closely crowded, of moderate size and length, anterior pair
stoutest and approximated; position of colulus indicated by a tuft of
black hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with distinct lip
but no tubercle.

Epigynum. Simple; with a moderately deep posterior marginal
notch; near the middle of the plate are two excurved margins of ob-
scure openings standing far apart (Fig. 240).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: bright reddish brown, with eyes on black
spots and many dark streaks along lateral sides and steep declivity;
also a rich iridescence which runs to metallic tints due, at least in part,
to character of surface rather than to presence of scales. Legs: first
pair with light amber coxae, trochanters, and tarsi, with all other
segments light brown but darker ventrally and prolaterally; other legs
unicolorous yellowish white. Chelicerae and sternum reddish brown;
maxillae and lip much the same with yellowish white tips. Abdomen:
dorsum generally reddish brown with a rich bronze iridescence, appar-
ently from very minute scales; about one fifth from posterior end is a
pair of narrow yellowish white bars separated medially by a continua-
tion of the reddish brown color of the anterior four fifths; behind the
bars is a pair of large dark reddish brown spots separated posteriorly by
a rounded central light spot; lateral sides narrowly striped in anterior
half by alternate reddish brown and yellowish white; behind this region
on each lateral side is a yellowish white curved mark connecting pos-
teriorly with the dorsal bar; venter with a broad, dark brown stripe
from genital groove to base of spinnerets.

Type locality. Female holotype from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936. No
paratypes.

Genus Hasronatrus F. Cambridge, 1901
HABRONATTUS PARATUS (Peckham), 1896
Figures 242-245

Habrocestum paratum Peckham, 1896
Pellenes paratus Peckham, 1900
Habronattus paratus F. Cambridge, 1901
P. paratus Petrunkevitch, 1911

P. paratus Banks, 1929

282 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

This species was known only from Guatemala until Mr. Banks re-
ported it from Panama in 1929. Banks found one male. I have both
sexes from several localities in the Canal Zone. The Peckhams gave the
order of legs as 1342. F. Cambridge stated the order of legs in the
genus to be 3412 in both sexes. The latter author also stated that the
promargin of the fang groove has three teeth, and that there is a small
basal dorsal tibial spine present in the species. In view of these dis-
crepancies in the literature and because of the fact that the female
has never been described I give below a description of certain features
of the male and a detailed description of the female allotype.

Male hypotype. ‘Total length 3.58 mm. Carapace 1.85 mm. long,
1.35 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy almost the full width of
the carapace at their level, .96 mm. tall and, therefore, slightly less
than three fourths as tall as wide; gently rises from AME to PLE, then
very gently descends to steep posterior declivity which begins midway
between PLE and the posterior border; with numerous long black iso-
lated bristles, especially in the ocular area.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; basal segment .55 mm. Jong. Fang
rather small, evenly curved. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth
close together, the smaller the more medial; retromargin with a single,
fairly robust, stout, somewhat longer tooth (Fig. 242).

Legs. 1342. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 18.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.08 .64 88 7 41 3.58
2. ttl 50 .00 le ee) 38 2.55
3. 1.21 O07 70 OT 45 3.50
4. .96 38 OT _.60 44 2.95
Palp 7 20 siti = ol 1.44

First pair of legs considerably the stoutest as well as somewhat the
longest; also with a ventral fringe beginning at distal end on promargin
of femora and extending throughout the metatarsi, especially heavy on
patellae and tibiae; hairs in fringe are black in proximal halves and
white in distal halves.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O-1—1-1-1, prolateral distal
2; patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, not evenly spaced nor well
paired; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur dorsal 0—-0-
1-1-1, prolateral distal 1, retrolateral distal 2; patella only prolateral
0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 1r—lr—2; metatarsus only
prolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, pro-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 283

lateral 0-O-1-2, retrolateral only distal 1; patella prolateral and retro-
lateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 1p—O-2, retrolat-
eral 0-1-1-1-0; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1—2. ventral
2-2. Fourth leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1; patella only retrolateral
0-1-0; tibia only prolateral 0-1-0, retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 1p-
1p-1p on right, 1p—O0-2 on left; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral
1-2, ventral 1p-2.

Palp. Tibia, exclusive of apophysis, very short; retrolateral apophy-
sis massive and bluntly rounded at anterior end. Tarsus nearly as
broad as long; bulb nearly round, moderately swollen; embolus arises
on prolateral side at base, curves regularly along prolateral side to
terminate near anterior end of tarsus; tarsal apophysis arises near mid-
dle of bulb on prolateral side, soon makes a nearly right angle turn
and continues distally to end just beyond anterior margin of tarsus
(Figs. 243-244).

Female allotype. Total length 5.15 mm. Carapace 2.43 mm. long,
1.77 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy nearly all of width of
carapace at their level, 1.06 mm. tall and, therefore, about ten seven-
teenths as tall as wide; essentially the same form as in male.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME just misses contact with dorsal
borders of ALE. Posterior row just a little wider than anterior row.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 25 : 18. Total eye
space occupies almost exactly half the length of the carapace. Ratio of
eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 22 : 12 :3.5 : 10. AME separated
from one another by about one twelfth of their diameter, from ALE by
about one tenth of their diameter. Middle eyes equidistant from ALE
and PLE. Height of clypeus equal to four elevenths of the diameter of
AME. Clypeus decorated as follows: a transverse row of six long dark
bristles, a ventral fringe of long white hairs, a complete covering of
clavate appressed white hairs, and the usual three long bristles in lower
angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Anterior surface with many white clavate appressed
hairs and a few long white simple hairs. Otherwise essentially as in
male, including teeth along the fang groove.

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 22
: 15; moderately notched in middle and only slightly dilated distally.

Inp. Slightly wider than long. Sternal suture probably straight
(sternal hair and bristles obscure both lip and bases of maxillae).

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 21 : 13; covered with a thick
growth of light hair and longer light bristles; not continued posteriorly
between fourth coxae which are nearly contiguous.

284 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Legs. 3412. Tibial index of first leg 25, of fourth leg 20.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il. 1.10 .80 16 .62 42 3.70
2. 1.00 .66 .60 a5? 39 3.17
3. 1.60 83 83 76 52 4.54
4, 1.28 .63 70 70 58 3.89

First leg very stout; remnants of a ventral fringe only on first patellae
and tibiae.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal O—-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 1;
elsewhere as in male. Second leg: femur as in first except prolateral
distal 2; elsewhere as in male except tibial prolateral 0-1-0 and meta-
tarsal prolateral 0. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1 and prolateral
0-O-1-1; patella and tibia as in male; metatarsus as in male. Fourth
leg: as in male except tibia prolateral 0-1-0, retrolateral 1-1-1, ven-
tral 1p—0—2:

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 43 : 27; widest just
before the middle; anal tubercle a short broad flattened cone; spinner-
ets of moderate length, al] slender; position of colulus indicated by a
minute cone and a tuft of hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spin-
nerets and without a tubercle.

Epigynum. Unlike that usually found in northern members of the
genus; at some distance from posterior border there is a strongly chit-
inized, transverse lip beneath which is an opening (Fig. 245).

Color in alcohol. Carapace generally a light brown overlaid with
many white clavate appressed hairs and a few long simple white hairs;
eyes on black spots; brown ground color with many black curved lines
and intercommunicating black spots; behind PLE is a broad, trans-
verse, lighter colored bar from which two indefinite light streaks pass
backward nearly to posterior border. Sternum light amber. Legs and
palps different shades of light brown, all overlaid with many white
clavate appressed hairs. Abdomen: generally very dark brown; with
a series of poorly defined yellowish spots; there is one of these spots at
each anterolateral angle, two small ones just anterior to the first of two
pairs of dorsal sigilla, a transverse row of four across the middle of the
abdomen, still further posterior another transverse row of three rather
better defined spots bordered with black hair, another pair of yellow-
ish spots just anterior to anal tubercle; laterally the abdomen is finely
striped with alternate light and dark; venter with a broad central dark
stripe containing two poorly defined yellowish stripes and bordered on
each side by a bright yellowish white stripe.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 285

Type locality. Male hypotype and female allotype from Canal
Zone Biological Area, July, 1939. Numerous males and females from
the following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934;
June-Aug., 1936; June—Aug., 1939; Ft. Randolph, C. Z., Aug., 1936;
C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z., July-Aug., 1939; France Field, C. Z.,
Aug., 1939; Chilibre, C. Z., July, 1939.

Genus Metapuipiprus F. Cambridge, 1901

Petrunkevitch (25) listed thirteen species of Metaphidippus
(Dendryphantes) known to occur in Panama. I have shown reasons
why M. levispinus F. Cambridge should be transferred to the genus
Beata. Banks (29) identified five species and placed them in the
' genus Dendryphantes. His D. dentiger F. Cambridge is, according to
my view, a new species, probably belonging in the genus Paraphidip-
pus. Dendryphantes perplecans Chamberlin and Ivie appears to be a
synonym of M. cupreus F. Cambridge. I seem to have six new species
to add to the list. Including the changes which I have indicated, we
may list the known species as follows: M. bicavatus F. Cambridge;
M. bispinosus F. Cambridge; M. centralis (Peckham); M. cupreus
F. Cambridge; M. expallidatus F. Cambridge; M. facetus sp. nov.,
M. fastosus sp. nov.; M. iridescens F. Cambridge; M. laetabilis (Peck-
ham); M. lanceolatus F. Cambridge; M. latus sp. nov.; M. laetvficus
sp. nov.; M. laxus sp. nov.; M. longipalpus F. Cambridge; M. momus
F. Cambridge; M. ochraceus F. Cambridge; M. octonotatus F. Cam-
bridge; M. perscitus sp. nov.; M. quadrinotatus F. Cambridge. Seven
of these are known only from females. The genus Metaphidippus
is one of the most successful among spiders in Central and North
America. Students of this group have differentiated many new species
during the last few years. I am confident there are many more to be
discovered in Centra] America. When knowledge concerning the genus
is sufficiently far advanced, I believe a fertile field for the study of
evolution in the group will be offered.

Key to the species of Metaphidippus from Panama

- Males
1. Palpal bulb with two distinct spines arising from distal lobe........... 2
1. Palpal bulb with only one distinct spine, the embolus................ 3

2. Chelicerae considerably produced; retromarginal tooth on fang groove
near base of fang. Palp: the smaller of distal tarsal spines on prolateral

286

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

side; the larger of distal tarsal spines somewhat tuberculate; tibial retro-
lateral apophysis broad at base, somewhat geniculate just beyond middle
M. facetus, (p. 288)

. Chelicerae not notably produced (variable); retromarginal tooth on fang

groove remote from base of fang. Palp: the smaller of distal tarsal spines
on retrolateral side; the larger distal tarsal spine evenly curved; tibial
retrolateral apophysis small, narrow at base where it is strongly geniculate

M. bispinosus, (p. 287)

. (Taken from type) Chelicerae not notably produced; retromarginal tooth

on fang groove near middle. Palp: embolus a slender, gently curved, distal
spine arising from middle of anterior border of bulb; tibial apophysis
robust at base, slender and somewhat geniculate near tip...............

M. centralis, (p. 287)

. Not with combination of characters given above.................---- 4
. Chelicerae mildly produced; retromarginal tooth on fang groove near

middle, long, slender, curved toward base of fang. Palp: embolus a distal,
moderately stout spine arising on retrolateral side, somewhat geniculate in
distal third; tibial apophysis a moderately short, stout, nearly straight
SOLOS eee OPPO HS cheers) AN okotsloiet Sear ees Epa ena cM eats 5 M. fastosus, (p. 293)

. Not with combination of characters given above...............---.-- 5
. Chelicerae strongly produced; fang with an inner tooth near base; basal

segment with a robust blunt prolateral tooth at base of fang; retromarginal
tooth on fang groove broad at base, near base of fang. Palp: embolus a
long, slender, strongly curved spine arising on retrolateral side of distal

tugulose lobe; tibial apophysis a moderately stout, nearly straight spur. . .

M. laetabilis, (p. 297)

. Not with combination of characters given above...............--.-.--- 6
. Chelicerae moderately produced; retromarginal tooth on fang groove re-

mote from base of fang, near promarginal teeth. Palp: embolus a stout
distal spine, pointed and gently hooked in distal third; tibial apophysis a
sharply pointed, moderately stout spur, directed somewhat ventrally... .

M. lanceolatus, (p. 299)

. Not with combination of characters given above...............-..--- 7
. Chelicerae much produced; a blunt prolateral tubercle at base of fang;

retromarginal tooth of fang groove moderately stout, curved toward base
of fang. Palp: embolus a short, slender, nearly straight distal spine arising
near middle of anterior border; tibial apophysis stout at base, strongly
geniculate near middle and somewhat spiraloid....... M. latus, (p. 304)

. Not with combination of characters given above........ RAIS Et ola oe 8
. Chelicerae considerably produced; with-a very large retromarginal tooth

on fang groove, remote from base of fang. Palp: embolus a stout, distal,
distinctly spiraloid spine arising near middle of anterior border; tibial
apophysis a moderately robust hook............. M. laetificus, (p. 299)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................-- 9

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 287

9. Chelicerae much produced; basal segment with a blunt prolateral tooth
near base of fang; retromarginal tooth on fang groove a moderately robust
hook, curved toward base of fang. Palp: embolus a short irregular distal
spine arising near middle of anterior border and moderately curved retro-
laterally; tibial apophysis a moderately long, fairly stout, nearly straight
SPOUT eee ae ace oan eo Ue aie leks ME Vg uav aa aichaelol eats M. lazxus, (p. 306)

9. Not with combination of characters given above...................-- 10

10. Chelicerae much produced; basal segment with a blunt prolateral tubercle
at base of fang; retromarginal tooth on fang groove a robust hook near
middle. Palp: embolus a slender spine arising on retrolateral side, passing
obliquely to cymbium; tibial apophysis short, sharply pointed, curving
Slight hy GOW Ware... vcsursoetengnie 0G sae nels pare M. longipalpus, (p. 311)

10. Chelicerae strongly produced; retromarginal tooth on fang groove rather
small, remote from base of fang, near two promarginal teeth. Palp:
embolus a rather short, distal, robust spine arising near middle of anterior
border, with two small lateral distal points; tibial apophysis short, stout,
| S)UBST h heea Ca IM ie rane Aa Nara eg ceo sa REN te M. perscitus, (p. 313)

Females

On the basis of present knowledge it seems almost impossible to
work out a helpful key to the fourteen known kinds of females.

METAPHIDIPPUS BICAVATUS F, Cambridge, 1901

Dendryphantes bicavatus Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. bicavatus Petrunkevitch, 1925

So far as I know, this species has not been seen since the original
collection studied by Cambridge. It has not appeared in my collection.

METAPHIDIPPUS BISPINOSUS F. Cambridge, 1901

Dendryphantes bispinosus Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. bispinosus Petrunkevitch, 1925

Cambridge had this species from Panama, Costa Rica and Guate-
mala but it has not yet appeared in my collection and, so far as I
know, it has not been collected since the original discovery.

METAPHIDIPPUS CENTRALIS (Peckham), 1896

Dendryphantes centralis Peckham, 1896
M. centralis F. Cambridge, 1901
D. centralis Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. centralis Petrunkevitch, 1925

288 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

The Peckhams had five females and one male from Panama, all
regarded as belonging to a single species. They are all preserved in
the Peckham collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology
where I have had the opportunity to examine them. Three of the
females are mature but they are not all of one species. Two of them
are smaller and probably belong with the male. The other female, the
largest of the lot, and the one from which Mr. Emerton made the
drawing used by the Peckhams is not a Metaphidippus according to
the current understanding of that genus but a Beata. It should be
carefully studied. The chelicerae are strongly geniculate near their
bases; the retromarginal tooth is fissidentate; and there are other
Beata characters. This species has not yet appeared in my collection.

METAPHIDIPPUS CUPREUS F. Cambridge, 1901

Dendryphantes cupreus Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. cupreus Petrunkevitch, 1925

D. cupreus Banks 1929

D. perplexans Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936

I have a strong suspicion that this is the female of M. laetabilis
(Peckham), but I cannot be certain at this time. J have the species in
my collection from the following localities: Canal Zone Biological
Area, June-July, 1934; June, Aug., 1936; July, 1943-May, 1944;
Frijoles, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Madden Dam region, C. Z., Aug., 1936;
La Campana, R. P. (Zetek), May-June, 1939.

METAPHIDIPPUS EXPALLIDATUS F. Cambridge, 1901

Dendryphantes expallidatus Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. expallidatus Petrunkevitch, 1925

This is another species, known only from the female, which seems
not to have been taken since the original collection. It has not yet
been found in my collection up to the present time.

METAPHIDIPPUS FACETUS spec. nov.
Figures 246-250 '
Male holotype. Total length 3.64 mm. Carapace 1.68 mm. long

1.22 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy eleven twelfths of the
width of the carapace at their level, .81 mm. tall and, therefore, about

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 289

two thirds as tall as wide; surface, especially in interocular area, finely
granulate; a few hairs except the white lanceolate hairs which produce
the white spots and marks to be noted later; a very short median
longitudinal thoracic groove not far from beginning of steep posterior
declivity which occurs about half way from posterior border of PLE
to posterior margin of carapace.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE lie slightly dorsal to borders of AME. Posterior row
slightly wider than anterior row. Middle row narrower than anterior
row in ratio of 42 : 45. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio
of 25 : 16. Total eye space occupies half the length of the carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME ; PLE = 15:8: 1.75: 7. AME
contiguous, separated from ALE by one fifteenth of their diameter.
Middle eyes slightly closer to ALE than to PLE. Height of clypeus
equal to about four fifteenths of the diameter of AME (clypeus hidden
by covering of white hair). Clypeus decorated by a complete covering
of white lanceolate hair, two long white bristles beneath each AME,

and the usual three bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Porrect, divergent from bases, strongly produced; with
basal segment .74 mm. long. Fang long, slender, sinuous, attenuate
distally. Fang groove with two small promarginal teeth near inner
(medial) end hidden by maxillae; a single fairly stout retromarginal
tooth about one fourth of length of groove from base of fang; a low
sinuate ridge extends from base of retromarginal tooth toward medial
end of groove for some distance, not present in all paratypes (Fig.
246, drawn largely from a paratype).

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of 7 : 3;
outer distal] angle with a distinct tubercle; quite concave along middle
of outer border; palp inserted into basal half.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of 11 : 10; basal excavations reach
about one third of length of organ; reaches to middle of maxillae.
Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 17 : 10;
widest between second coxae; anterior border slightly wider than base
of lip; blunt at posterior end and not extended between fourth coxae
which are separated by about one seventh of their diameter. Anterior
coxae much the stoutest.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 20, of fourth leg 12.

290 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

‘|
Y;

(GAM;
WS y | 7
IS

-

245
( &,
x \)
‘ina 246
==~250
External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 242. Habronattus paratus, male cheliceral teeth.
Figs. 243-244. H. paratus, male palp, ventral and retrolateral view.
Fig. 245. H. paratus, epigynum, ventral view.
Fig. 246. Metaphidippus facetus Chickering; male chelicera.

Figs. 247-248. M. facetus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

Fig. 249. M. facetus Chickering; female cheliceral teeth.

Fig. 250. M. facetus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 251. M. fastosus Chickering; male chelicera.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 291

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 97 58 70 OT 38 3.20
WY. 71 39 45 45 .o2 2.32
io: 75 32 45 45 .30 2.27
4, .90 38 .69 59 32. 2.88
Palp .62 19 15 — 58 1.54

Legs with a moderate supply of light colored hair but with no definite
fringes. First leg much the stoutest.

Spines. First leg; femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1 and prolateral distal 1;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-2-2-2, nearly evenly paired and occu-
pying distal two thirds of segment; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2.
Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only prolateral 0-1,
ventral 0-1r—2; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1,
prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-0-2
and retrolateral 0-1; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1,
ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-1,
ventral 0-1; elsewhere as in third.

Palp. Femur somewhat curved dorsoventrally; both patella and
tibia short; tibial retrolateral apophysis a short spur, stout at base,
somewhat hooked distally toward bulb; bulb considerably swollen,
with two distal spines, the inner one is smaller, attenuate distally and
turned toward prolateral side; the larger tarsal spine is somewhat
blunt distally, with minute terminal serrations (Fig. 247).

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 31 : 17; widest about
one third from base; anal tubercle a short, light colored cone; spin-
nerets as usual in the genus; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets
and without tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally a rich mahogany brown with
many fine intercommunicating black lines; white hair on clypeus
extends laterally to anterior border of PLE; a narrow white marginal
stripe due to white lanceolate hairs extends from clypeus to postero-
lateral angle on each side; an incomplete narrow white stripe occurs
from PLE to near posterior border; eyes on black spots. Sternum a
dark mahogany brown. Chelicerae mahogany brown, streaked with
black lines; other mouth parts with different shades of the same, also
streaked with black and tipped with yellowish white. Palps lighter
brown with white lanceolate hairs especially on dorsal side of femur.
Legs: first pair generally brown with white appressed lanceolate hairs;
others yellowish white spotted with reddish brown. Abdomen: dorsal
area bright reddish brown with three pairs of obscure small lighter

292 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

colored spots; at each anterodorsal angle occurs a white spot which
extends for a short distance along dorsolateral region and then breaks
into a series of small white spots reaching nearly to spinnerets; lateral
regions bear alternate narrow brown and yellowish white stripes; venter
with a broad brown stripe containing near center two rows of small
yellowish dots and bordered on each side by a more conspicuous row
of the same kind of dots; considerable iridescence over dorsal and lat-
eral regions due to presence of scales similar to those on carapace.

Female allotype. Total length 4.03 mm. Carapace 1.73 mm. long,
1.28 mm. wide, .90 mm. tall. Other features essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved as in male. Pos-
terior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 56 : 49, wider than mid-
dle row in ratio of 28 : 23. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in
ratio of 14 :9. Total eye space occupies half the length of carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME : ALE: PME: PLE = 16:9 :2:8.5. AME
not quite contiguous. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in
ratio of 17 : 22. Other features essentially as in male.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical, moderately robust; not produced as
in male; basal segment .60 mm. long. Fang of moderate size, evenly
curved. Fang groove with one extremely smal] promarginal] tooth and
another of moderate size nearby; a single fairly robust retromarginal
tooth (Fig. 249). From certain angles the retromarginal tooth re-
sembles a modified fissidentate tooth but is not here regarded as such.

Mazillae. Essentially as in male except outer distal angle is not
produced into a distinct tubercle.

Inp and Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 21, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
ile 1.02 58 .64 aS 38 35
Dy, .80 A5 45 Al 30 2.46
3 83 39 45 {Hil 5) 2.53
4, 1.08 SR iy .70 .64 38. 3.31

Spines. First leg: as in male. Second leg: as in male except meta-
tarsus prolateral 0-1, ventral 2—Ir. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1,
prolateral distal 1; elsewhere as in male. Fourth leg: femur only dorsal
0-1-1-1; elsewhere as in male.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male.

Epigynum. Posterior border very convex; without visible external
posterior marginal notch; some indication of a recess in middle of pos-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 293

terior border; main part of plate bordered anteriorly by a fine line;
centrally with two curved lines divergent posteriorly (Fig. 250).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally a reddish mahogany brown
with white lanceolate hair probably distributed all over dorsal and
lateral surfaces in life; with many greenish iridescent scales. Mouth
parts essentially as in male. First pair of legs brownish except tarsi
which are much lighter. Palps and other legs yellowish white spotted
with reddish brown. Abdomen: with many glittering, greenish golden
scales; dorsum generally reddish brown with a paired series of lighter
spots extending through the center with a series of darker reddish
brown spots lateral to the lighter ones; also many small reddish brown
and yellowish spots; a narrow white basal band, short lateral stripes,
and spots essentially as in male; elsewhere as in male except these
regions are lighter colored than in that sex.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype together with
four paratypes of each sex from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

METAPHIDIPPUS FASTOSUS spec. nov.
Figures 251-254

Male holotype. Total length 2.94 mm. Carapace 1.60 mm. long,
1.18 mm. wide slightly behind PLE which occupy twenty-five twenty-
sixths of width of carapace at their level, .90 mm. tall and, therefore,
almost three quarters as tall as wide; steep posterior declivity begins
five elevenths of distance from posterior border of PLE to posterior bor-
der of carapace; a short and somewhat sinuous longitudinal thoracic
groove lies just before beginning of steep declivity; surface finely
granulate, especially in interocular area.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME just misses dorsal borders of ALE.
Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 25 : 23, wider than
middle row in ratio of 50 : 43. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long
in ratio of 25 : 16. Total eye space occupies thirty-seven seventieths
of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE =
15 :8:2:7.5. AME barely separated from one another and from
ALE. Middle eyes equidistant from ALE and PLE. Height of cly-
peus equal to one tenth of diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only
by a ventral row of bristles and a few stiff bristles elsewhere, a very
few scattered white lanceolate hairs beneath ALE and up to AME.

Chelicerae. Slightly porrect, slightly divergent, moderately pro-
duced; basal segment .60 mm. long; broadly ridged in front from near

294. BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

inner proximal angle to outer distal angle. Fang long, slender and
sinuous, attenuate distally. Fang groove considerably excavated;
with two small promarginal teeth near medial end; a single Jong curved
retromarginal tooth near middle; also a short robust tooth at base of
fang on prolateral side of basa] segment (Fig. 251).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2:1; acutely notched in middle of outer border; outer distal angle
sharp but with no definite hook or tubercle; palp inserted into basal
two fifths.

Lip. As wide as long; basal excavations reach about one third length
of organ; reaches just short of middle of maxillae; sternal suture gently
procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 16 : 11;
widest between second coxae; anterior border as wide as base of lip;
posterior end rounded and not extended between fourth coxae which
are separated by one fourth their diameter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il. 1.09 57 81 52 st) 3.34
Bo 15 45 55 48 28 Deol
3. 17 .26 55 58 30 2.46
4. 1.08 45 70 .64 38 3.25
Palp 70 .20 13 — 38 1.41

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 1; patella
only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, fairly well matched
with promarginal series occupying distal two thirds of segment and
retromarginal series somewhat more than this; metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2. Second leg: femur as in first; patella 0; tibia only ventral lr—
lr-2; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1, ventral Ir—-lr. Third leg: femur
as in first; patella 0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral
0-O-1p; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1, ventral O—-lp.
Fourth leg: femur as in first; patella 0; tibia only retrolateral 0-1-0,
ventral 1p—O-2; metatarsus as in third.

Palp. Patella and tibia both short with the latter about two thirds
as long as former; tibial retrolateral apophysis a simple spur directed
toward distal end of tarsus; tarsus small, bulb moderately swollen,
bilobed; from anterior border of small rugulose lobe on retrolateral
side arises the embolus as a moderately slender spine, regularly curved
prolaterally (Figs. 252-253). :

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 295

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 24 : 15; anal tubercle
and spinnerets as usual in the genus; position of colulus undetermined;
tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: nearly uniformly dark mahogany brown
with eyes on black spots and white lanceolate hairs rather sparsely
distributed over surface; considerable iridescence due to granulated
surface and iridescent greenish scales. All mouth parts dark brown
with yellowish tips. Legs: all femora dark brown; first leg with all
segments distal to femora brownish with distal ends of tarsi yellowish;
second and third tarsi entirely yellowish; third leg with a ventral
light stripe from patella to metatarsus; second leg similar but less well
marked; all segments of fourth leg distal to femora dark brown; all
legs with more or less white appressed lanceolate hair. Abdomen:
dorsum with bright mahogany brown color with many iridescent cop-
pery and purplish scales; laterally with narrow alternating light and
dark brown stripes; venter brown bordered on each side by a row of
obscure yellowish dots.

Female allotype. Total length 3.26 mm. Camapaee 1.34 mm. long,
.90 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy the full width of carapace,
.60 mm. tall and, therefore, two thirds as tall as wide. Otherwise
essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved as in male. Quad-
rangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 21 : 13. Total eye space
occupies slightly less than one half the length of carapace. Ratio of
eyes AME: ALE : PME: PLE = 18:7:1.5:6. Height of cly-
peus equal to one twelfth of the diameter of AME. Otherwise essen-
tially as in male.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; of moderate size; basal segment .32
mm. long. Fang moderately robust, evenly curved. Fang groove
with two small promarginal teeth and a single robust retromarginal
tooth which, from certain angles, resembles somewhat a fissidentate
tooth.

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 18, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. .65 30 43 32 28 1.98
2. 02 26 30 30 17 1.69
3. 58 28 3d 38 26 1.83
4. sd 30 46 .00 32 2.40

296 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Spines. First leg: as in male except patella 0. Second leg: femur and
patella as in male; tibia only ventral 1r—lr—0; metatarsus only ventral
lr-2. Third leg: femur and patella as in male; tibia only prolateral
0-1-0; metatarsus 0. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in male; tibia
only ventral 1p—O-2; metatarsus only prolateral 0-2, ventral 0-1.

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of about 3 : 2, widest
about three fifths from base. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Epigynum. A very simple epigynal plate with a small posterior
marginal notch; two curved tubes within, just anterior to marginal
notch; a pair of simple curved lines like so many other females of the
genus, probably guarding minute openings (Fig. 254).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: brownish, duller than in male; lanceolate
white hairs well distributed and also concentrated to make an indis-
tinct narrow stripe just below PLE and extended back to about oppo-
site the beginning of posterior declivity; a fairly well defined narrow
marginal white stripe from opposite PLE to posterolateral angle.
Palps brownish with distal halves of tarsi yellowish. Legs: all femora
dark brown; posterior tarsi dark brown, all others yellowish, other seg-
ments yellowish but striped and somewhat spotted with reddish brown.
Abdomen: generally brownish gray; a narrow white basal band con-
tinues Jaterally for about one third of length of abdomen (absent in
some paratypes); a short distance behind middle is a pair of large,
nearly black, dorsal spots; many iridescent scales everywhere except
on venter which is light brown and bordered with rows of yellowish
dots.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype from Canal Zone
Forest Reserve, C. Z. Aug., 1939. Male and female paratypes from the
following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, Aug., 1934; Aug.,
1939; Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., July—Aug., 1939; Porto Bello,
R. P., Aug., 1936; El Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

METAPHIDIPPUS IRIDESCENS F.. Cambridge, 1901

M. iridescens Petrunkevitch, 1911
M. iridescens Petrunkevitch, 1925

This is another species known only from females. Apparently it has
not been recognized since Cambridge’s time, and it has not yet ap-
peared in my collection.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 297

METAPHIDIPPUS LAETABILIS (Peckham), 1896
Figures 255-257

Dendryphantes laetabilis Peckham, 1896
M. laetabilis F. Cambridge, 1901

D. laetabilis Petrunkevitch, 1911

D. laetabilis Petrunkevitch, 1925

D. laetabilis Banks, 1929

The Peckhams had a single male from Panama sent to them by
Count Keyserling. Banks had three males from the Canal Zone. I
have already pointed out the likelihood that M.cupreus F. Cambridge
is the female of this species.

Male hypotype. Total length (not including porrect chelicerae) 6.14
mm. Carapace 2.84 mm. long, 2.22 mm. wide, 1.41 mm. tall and,
therefore, nearly two thirds as tall as wide; surface finely granulated,
especially the interocular area; with few hairs except the lanceolate
appressed white hairs to be noted later; long bristles in eye region,
especially below ALE and PME; a short median longitudinal thoracic
groove in a shallow depression just behind level of PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one seventh of the
diameter of ALE. Anterior row and posterior row almost equally
wide. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 26 : 17. Total
eye space occupies twenty forty-thirds of length of carapace. Ratio of
eyes AME: ALE: PME: PLE = 24: 12.5:3:11. AME sepa-
rated from one another by about one sixteenth of their diameter, from
ALE by one eighth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than
to PLE in ratio of 7 : 9. Height of clypeus equal to one eighth of the
diameter of AME. Clypeus undecorated except by six long stiff bristles
in a transverse row and the usual three in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Porrect, divergent distally, strongly produced; with
basal segment 1.30 mm. long. Fang long and very sinuous; with a
robust tooth on its inner side near base of fang. Fang groove also sin-
uous and rugulose; with two promarginal teeth, a small one near medial
end and a very long, robust tooth about two thirds of length of groove
from base of fang; also a blunt robust tooth on prolateral side of basal
segment close to base of fang; a single robust pointed retromarginal
tooth about one third of length of groove from base of fang (Fig. 255).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
3 : 1; quite concave along outer border; outer distal angle with a sharp
point but not a definite tooth or hook.

298 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of about 3 : 2; basal excavations
obscure but probably reach about two fifths of length of organ; reaches
to about middle of maxillae. Sternal suture somewhat procurved.

Sternum. Quite convex in posterior three fifths; elongate scutiform;
longer than wide in ratio of 56 : 37; widest between second coxae;
covered with light colored slender bristles; anterior end just a little
narrower than base of lip; posterior end blunt and not extended be-
tween fourth coxae which are separated by one fifth of their diamaeter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 14, of fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

Ik 2.44 1.60 2.24 1.92 96 9.16
2. 1.47 83 98 93 .58 4.79
3. 1.53 SU 83 1.02 1 4.66
4. 1.85 90 1.28 1.26 .58 5.87
Palp 1.08 Al .36 aa 62 2.47

A sparse supply of long light colored hair, especially on first leg, which
may be more conspicuous on ventral surface, but without definite
fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolatera] 0-0-0-
1-2; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, promargi-
nal series occupying slightly more than three fifths of segment, retromar-
ginal series extending over somewhat greater distance; metatarsus only
ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral dis-
tal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-1r-O-2; metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2. Third leg: femur and patella as in second; tibia only ventral
0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Fourth
leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral 0-0-0-1; patella
0; tibia only ventral 1p—O-1p; retrolateral 0-1-1-0; metatarsus pro-
lateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: only femur
dorsal 0-1-1.

Palp. Femur somewhat curved dorsoventrally; both patella and
tibia short; retrolateral tibial apophysis a simple pointed spur directed
distally; tarsus relatively small, with embolus arising near distal end
from retrolateral side and curving distally and prolaterally (Figs. 256—
450)

Abdomen. Elongate ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 29 : 14,
widest about two fifths from base but not much wider than at base; a
pair of dorsal sigilla about in middle; dorsal area strongly chitinized
so that dorsal shield is almost present; anal tubercle a short cone with

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 299

a tuft of white hairs; spinnerets as usual in the genus; tracheal spiracle
near base of spinnerets, without a tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally a deep rich mahogany reddish
brown; white lanceolate hairs form two pairs of spots, one between
PME and PLE, the other behind PLE. Probably many white hairs
present in life have been rubbed off but there is an incomplete narrow
white marginal stripe made by lanceolate hairs still remaining. Ster-
num and chelicerae dark reddish brown. Lip and maxillae the same
with yellowish tips and black streaks. First pair of legs nearly all
reddish brown including the coxae, with just the distal end of tarsi
yellowish. Other legs lighter with coxae, trochanters, and proximal
halves of femora yellowish white; light ventral stripes on tibiae and
metatarsi; tarsi generally yellowish with reddish brown spots. Abdo-
men: dorsal area a rich glossy mahogany brown completely surrounded
by a narrow white band; at base laterally and ventrally abdomen is
brown, striped narrowly along lateral sides with yellowish color and
bearing rows of yellowish dots ventrally; spinnerets bright reddish
brown. The dorsal surface of the abdomen and, to some extent also,
the carapace somewhat iridescent due to the presence of many small
scales.

Type locality. Male hypotype and two other males from Canal Zone
Biological Area, June—July, 1934; one male from the same locality,
June, 1936.

METAPHIDIPPUS LANCEOLATUS F. Cambridge, 1901

Dendryphantes lanceolatus Banks, 1909
D. lanceolatus Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. lanceolatus Petrunkevitch, 1925

One male from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939. The female is still
unknown. —

METAPHIDIPPUS LAETIFICUS spec. nov.
Figures 258-263

This species may be somewhat closely related to M. apicalis F.
Cambridge from Mexico. In the latter species the ventral tibial spines
are crowded into the distal third of the segment. In this new species
the spines are not only crowded distally but they are also reduced in
number. A question regarding the proper placement of the species
may well be raised, but I know of no better place for it in the system.

Male holotype. Total length 3.58 mm. Carapace 1.75 mm. long,

300 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

1.26 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy a little more than full
width of the carapace because this part of body is somewhat con-
stricted dorsally, but they occupy twenty-seven twenty-ninths of the
full ventral width; .96 mm. tall and, therefore, .76 as tall as wide;
gently arched from AME to posterior steep declivity which begins
about three sevenths of the distance from PLE to posterior border
(Fig. 258); a very short median longitudinal thoracic groove just be-
fore the steep posterior declivity begins; whole carapace strongly chit-
inized and conspicuously granulated on surface, especially in inter-
ocular area.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME miss the dorsal borders of ALE by
about one ninth the diameter of the Jatter. Posterior row slightly
wider than anterior row, wider than middle row in ratio of 53 : 45.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 53 : 40. Total eye |
space occupies four sevenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 19:9 :2.5:9. AME separated from
one another by one twentieth of their diameter, contiguous to ALE.
Middle eyes much closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 2 : 3. Height
of clypeus equal to one fifth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus deco-
rated only by a row of long bristles convergent toward middle line,
transparent iridescent scales, and the usual three bristles in lower
angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Slightly porrect, mildly divergent, nedeine pro-
duced; with basal segment .58 mm. long. Fang rather long, somewhat
sinuous, suddenly attenuated near middle. Fang groove deeply exca-
vated; promargin with the usual two small teeth; retromargin with a
single simple robust blade-like tooth rather close to the small pro-
marginal teeth (Fig. 259).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
5:2; rather deeply notched in middle of outer border; whole outer
distal corner drawn out into a broad tubercle.

Lip. Only slightly longer than wide at base; basal excavations ob-
scure but appear to reach about one third of length of organ. Sternal
suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 33 : 23;
widest between second coxae; anterior border not quite as wide as lip
at base; posterior end bluntly rounded and not extended between
fourth coxae which are separated by one fifth of their diameter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 14.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 301

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 252-253. Metaphidippus fastosus Chickering; male palp, veritral view;
and palpal tibia, retrolateral view.

Fig. 254. M. fastosus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 255. M. laetabilis, male chelicera.

Figs. 256-257. M. laetabilis, male palp, ventral view; and palpal tibia, retro-
lateral view.

Fig. 258. M. laetificus Chickering; male carapace, lateral view.
Fig. 259. M. laetificus Chickering; male chelicera.
Fig. 260. M. laetificus Chickering; first tibia, ventral view.

Figs. 261-262. M. laetificus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.
Fig. 263. M. laetificus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

302 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
ils 1.09 .70 81 .65 38 3.63
2 .90 44 52 46 YA 2.69
as 81 38 45 49 38 2.51
4, .98 45 1D, .67 38 3.20
Palp .60 24 12 — .63 1.59

All legs with a moderate supply of dark hair, white lanceolate hair
but no fringes. First Jeg with a few transparent iridescent scales and
considerably the stoutest.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 1; patella
0; tibia only ventral 0-2-1p (Fig. 260); metatarsus only ventral 2-2.
Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only ventral 0-O-1p;
metatarsus only ventral 1r-2. Third leg: femur and patella as in first;
tibia 0; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1. Fourth leg: femur dorsal
0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1 on right, only dorsal as
given on left; patella 0; tibia 0; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1.
Palpal spines 0.

Palp. Femur only slightly curved dorsoventrally; patella and tibia
both short, the latter only half as long as former; tibial retrolateral
apophysis a simple, fairly robust spur directed distally; tarsus with
much swollen bulb which largely overlaps the tibia, tarsal spine
(probably the embolus) fairly robust and spiraloid with tip bent
ventrally (Figs. 261-262).

Abdomen. Ovoid, broadly rounded at apex as at base; longer than
wide in ratio of 30 : 17, widest just before the middle; anal tubercle a
short whitish cone, reddish brown at base, with a tuft of whitish hairs;
spinnerets as usual in the genus; position of colulus not indicated;
tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, without a tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Very bright reddish brown with appearance of
having been varnished; very shiny and waxy. Carapace: almost en-
tirely bright reddish brown with eyes on black spots; many fine black
intercommunicating lines; white lanceolate hairs generally distributed
and suggesting two short stripes along posterolateral angles though
these may be due to differential rubbing of the white hairs; also many
transparent iridescent coppery green scales, especially in ocular region.
Sternum plain reddish brown. Mouth parts plain reddish brown with
whitish tips on maxillae and lip. Palps streaked with reddish brown
and yellowish white with many white lanceolate hairs. First pair of
legs dark reddish brown with tarsi somewhat lighter; other legs yel-
lowish white, spotted with reddish brown. Abdomen: central dorsal

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 303

area heavily chitinized and bright reddish brown enclosing eight small
light colored spots arranged in two rows diverging posteriorly ; a poorly
defined white basal band which continues dorsolaterally to bound the
central area in an incomplete narrow stripe nearly to spinnerets; lat-
eral sides with many alternate yellowish and brownish narrow stripes;
dorsal and lateral sides well supplied with highly iridescent transpar-
ent scales like those on carapace but often giving a bright golden sheen
to these parts; venter reddish brown throughout with a long row of
yellowish spots on each side near margin.

Female allotype. In general strikingly like the male. Total length
3.71 mm. Carapace 1.73 mm. long, 1.21 mm. wide at level of PLE,
.90 mm. tall and, therefore, almost three fourths as tall as wide.
Other features as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved as in male. Quad-
rangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 27 : 14. Total eye space
occupies twenty-two thirty-ninths of length of carapace. Ratio of
eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 17:8:2:8. AME barely sepa-
rated from one another and from ALE. Height of clypeus equal to one
fourth of diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated by many white lance-
olate hairs and a few bristles which protrude between the hairs. Other
features essentially as in male.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical; basal segment .50 mm. long; with
numerous white lanceolate hairs over basal half; essentially as in male
except for the secondary sexual characters in that sex. Fang of moder-
ate size, evenly curved. Fang groove with two small promarginal
teeth as usual in the genus and a single simple retromarginal tooth of
moderate size.

Mazxillae, Lip, and Sternwm. All essentially as in male except the
maxillae are not as deeply notched in middle of outer border and
they are without a tuberculate extension of the outer distal angles.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 23, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
ily .90 54 58 A5 35 2.82
2a 15 38 .50 40 .o2 2.35
oF .66 38 45 A5 36 2.30
4, .96 45 .69 64 38 3.12

Spines. First leg: as in male. Second leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1
on left, 0-1-0-1 on right; patella 0; tibia 0; metatarsus as in male.
Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-0-1 on right, 0-0-0-1 on left; elsewhere 0.

304 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Fourth leg: only femur dorsal 1-0-1; metatarsus prolateral 0-1;
elsewhere 0.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate about as long as wide; quite desbly
notched in middle of posterior margin; near middle is a pair of open-
ings a little more than a diameter of one of them apart; the median
anterior part of plate is a shallow depression (Fig. 263).

Color in alcohol. In general strikingly like that of male. First tarsi
and metatarsi all yellowish white. Abdominal dorsal light spots larger
and more definite in outline. Scales also more conspicuous on abdomen
than in male.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype from El] Valle,
R. P., July, 1936.

METAPHIDIPPUS LATUS spec. nov.
Figures 264-267

This species and the one immediately following appear to blend
many of the characters of Metaphidippus and Parnaenus, but they
are here considered to be closer to the former genus.

Male holotype. Total length 3.58 mm. Carapace 1.86 mm. long,
1.55 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy nearly six sevenths of
the width of the carapace at their level; .96 mm. tall and, therefore,
about .62 as tall as wide; surface finely granulate, especially in inter-
ocular region; a moderate supply of hair and bristles, especially around
eyes; a short median longitudinal thoracic groove about halfway from
posterior border of PLE to beginning of steep posterior declivity which
begins about two thirds of the distance from posterior border of PLE
to posterior border of carapace; broadly convex along lateral sides
from ALE to considerably behind PLE (Fig. 264).

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME are level with those of ALE. Posterior row wider
than anterior row in ratio of 21 : 19, wider than middle row in ratio of
21:17. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 21 : 11.
Total eye space occupies thirteen twenty-ninths of length of carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME: ALE : PME: PLE = 16.5:9:2:8. AME
separated from one another by one fifteenth of their diameter, from
ALE by twice that distance. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE
in ratio of 8 : 11. Height of clypeus equal to one fifth of the diameter
of AME. Clypeus decorated only by. numerous stiff bristles.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 305

Chelicerae. Porrect, considerably produced, quite divergent from
near bases; basal segment .78 mm. long. Fang long, slender, sinuous
and attenuate distally. Fang groove with two slender pointed pro-
marginal teeth near medial end; a single, fairly robust, long, curved,
retromarginal tooth only a short distance from base of fang; hardly a
tooth, but rather a blunt tubercle on prolateral side of basal segment
at base of fang (Fig. 265).

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 12
: 5 (largely hidden by first coxae); quite deeply notched in middle of
outer border; outer distal angle considerably produced.

Iip. Longer than wide in ratio of 13 : 12; basal excavations reach
only a little more than one third of Jength of organ; reaches to middle
of maxillae. Sternal suture somewhat sinuous, but to be regarded as
essentially straight.

Sternum. Moderately convex in posterior two thirds; elongate scuti-
form; longer than wide in ratio of 35 : 23; widest between second coxae;
anterior border as wide as base of Jip; posterior end bluntly rounded
and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by one
sixth of their width.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 20, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il, 1.20 .70 .96 .68 38 3.92
B .96 45 58 54 By 2.85
3. .90 40 51 64 35 2.80
4, 1.03 52 70 64 38 3.27
Palp .64 25 13 — .56 1.58

Legs with a moderate supply of both long light hair and appressed
white lanceolate hair, but with no definite fringes unless the slightly
increased amount of hair on the first pair of legs is regarded as the
vestige of a ventral fringe. First Jegs considerably the stoutest.
Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2; patella
only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, with promarginal
series occupying distal five eighths of segment, retromarginal series
occupying about eight elevenths of segment; metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only prolateral
0—-1-1-0; ventra] 1r—lr—2; metatarsus only prolateral 1-1, ventral 2-2.
Third leg: femur as in first except retrolateral distal 1; patella only
retrolatera] 0-1-0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral
0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth

306 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

leg: femur and patella as in third except femur prolateral only distal 1;
tibia prolateral 0-1-0, retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 1p—O-2; meta-
tarsus prolateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1, ventral 0-Ir. Palpal spines: only
femur dorsal 0-1-1.

Palp. Femur considerably curved dorsoventrally; patella and tibia
both short, the latter about half as long as former; tarsus of moderate
size, bulb moderately swollen, with a short slender spine from ante-
rior border of the small distal lobe; cymbium with a conspicuous dorsal
basal lobe or tubercle; tibial retrolateral apophysis stout, long, and
conspicuously geniculate nearly in the middle (Figs. 266-267).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 30 : 17; widest near
middle; anal tubercle a short cone with a tuft of stiff yellowish white
hairs; spinnerets as usual in the genus; position of colulus indicated
by a small] tuft of stiff hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets,
without a tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally and fairly uniformly a rich
mahogany brown streaked with black lines; eyes on black spots;
iridescent scales numerous, especially around eyes; a small whitish
spot near each posterolateral angle (probably much more extensive in
life) made by lanceolate hairs. Sternum medium brown. Chelicerae
dark rich brown; other mouth parts lighter brown with yellowish tips.
Legs: first pair darkest, femora very dark brown, tarsi yellowish white,
other segments lighter brown; other legs similar to first but lighter in
color; all legs with scattered white lanceolate hairs. Abdomen: whole
central area covered by a broad, central, rich, mahogany brown stripe
including two pairs of sigilla and two pairs of small white marks in
posterior third; a narrow white basal band extends dorsolaterally two
thirds the length of the abdomen; lateral regions with alternate brown
and yellowish narrow stripes; iridescent scales over all parts except
the venter which is dark brown bordered on each side by an obscure
row of smal] yellowish dots.

Type locality. Male holotype from EI Valle, R. P., July, 1936. No
paratypes.

METAPHIDIPPUS LAXUS spec. nov.
Figures 268-271

This species appears to be very closely related to M. latus sp. nov.
The differences are most evident in the male palp and in color.

Male holotype. Total length 3.78 mm. Carapace 1.79 mm. long,
1.60 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy twenty-one twenty-fifths

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 307

268
272
External Anatomy of Spiders
Fig. 264. Metaphidippus latus Chickering; male carapace, dorsal view.

Fig. 265. M. latus Chickering; male chelicera.

Figs. 266-267. M. latus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal tibia,
retrolateral view.

Fig. 268. M. laxus Chickering; male chelicera.

Figs. 269-270. M. laxus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal tibia,
retrolateral view.

Fig. 271. M. laxus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 272. M. perscitus Chickering; male chelicera.

308 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

of the width of the carapace at that level, 1.10 mm. tall and, therefore,
about .69 as tall as wide; surface finely granulate, especially in the
interocular area; with many short stiff bristles in region of eyes and a
moderate supply of dark simple hair; well rounded laterally from below
PME to steep posterior declivity which begins about three fifths of
distance from PLE to posterior border; with a short median longi-
tudinal thoracic groove about half-way from PLE to beginning of
steep posterior declivity.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that dorsal borders of AME are
slightly above those of ALE. Posterior row wider than anterior row in
ratio of 31 : 27, wider than middle row in ratio of 31 : 26. Quadrangle
of laterals wider than long in ratio of 62 : 35. Total eye space occupies
twenty-one fortieths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE = 17:9:2:8. AME separated from one an-
other by one eighth of their diameter, from ALE by one sixth of their
diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about
10 : 11. Height of clypeus equal to one fourth the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated by numerous dark lanceolate hairs which converge
toward middle line and are quite iridescent in certain light, a few long
and apparently irregularly placed black bristles, and the usual three
long brownish bristles in Jower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Strongly produced; rather slender; porrect, divergent
from bases; basal segment 1.09 mm. long. Fang slender, long, sharply
bent near base, mildly sinuous, attenuated distally and bent sharply
downward near tip. Fang groove with two sharply pointed small teeth
near medial end on promargin; a blunt tubercle near base of fang on
prolateral side of basal segment; retromargin with a single simple large
tooth about one fourth from base of fang and curved toward it (Fig.
268).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2:1; fairly deeply notched in middle of outer border; palp inserted
into basal two fifths; outer distal corner quite angular but without
hook or tubercle.

Inp. Slightly wider at base than long; basal excavations not clearly
seen. Sternal suture straight. _

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 17 : 11;
widest between second coxae; anterior border somewhat narrower than
base of lip; convex from anterior border with peak of convexity between
intervals separating second and third coxae; posterior end rounded and
not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by nearly one
fourth of their diameter. Anterior coxae somewhat the stoutest but
only slightly stouter than second.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 309

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 17.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.28 70 1.14 Sue 46 4.35
2. 1.02 45 65 59 38 3.09
3. 1.02 48 58 59 7 3.04
4, 1.15 OT 71 .65 40 3.48
Palp .65 21 14 — 51 1.51

All legs with a moderate supply of white lanceolate hair and shorts
light colored simple hair. First pair of legs with what might be con-
sidered the vestiges of a ventral fringe of light colored hair from femora
to tarsi.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 2;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, with promargi-
nal series occupying about the distal half of segment, retromarginal
series about the distal two thirds; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2.
Second leg: femur as in first except retrolatera] distal 1; patella 0;
tibia prolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 1r—lr—2; metatarsus prolateral 0-1,
ventral 0-2-2. Third leg: femur as in second; patella only retrolateral
0-1-0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-1—0, ventral 0-0-2; meta-
tarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur
dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella as in third;
tibia only retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 1p—O-2; metatarsus prolateral
0-1, retrolateral 0-2, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal
===].

Palp. Femur moderately bent dorsoventrally; with four dorsal
spines; both patella and tibia short, the latter about two thirds as
long as the former; tibial retrolateral apophysis a stout spur directed
forward; bulb moderately swollen, much longer than broad; embolus
a moderately stout short spine gently curved retrolaterally (Figs.
269-270).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of about 3 : 2, widest
‘about two fifths of its length from base; anal tubercle a short flattened
cone with a tuft of whitish hairs; spinnerets as usual in the genus;
position of colulus indicated by a small tuft of stiff black hairs; tracheal
spiracle near base of spinnerets, with a lip but with no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. In general a somber colored species. Carapace:
generally very dark brown; eyes on black spots and interocular area
nearly black; lateral sides and steep posterior declivity lighter but with
very dark brown streaks; little iridescence except on clypeus as already

310 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

noted. Legs: all femora dark brown with faint dorsal lighter stripes;
all patellae light brown streaked with dark brown; first tibiae reddish
brown, others lighter and streaked with reddish brown; first metatarsi
reddish brown, second and third yellowish white, fourth yellowish
white in middle with reddish brown ends; all tarsi yellowish white.
Chelicerae: rich dark brown with highly polished surface, more or less
streaked with light brown. Palps dark brown. Sternum dark brown;
lips and maxillae the same with yellowish white tips. Abdomen: dorsal
area brownish, with many golden iridescent scales and four pairs of
large dark spots obscurely outlined by incomplete light marks bearing.a
few white lanceolate hairs; a narrow whitish basal band continues
dorsolaterally for nearly half the length of the abdomen; remainder
of base and lateral sides dark brown, more or less spotted with small
yellowish dots; venter very dark brown with a border of yellowish
dots on each side. .

Female allotype. Total length 5.00 mm. Carapace 1.98 mm. long,
1.54 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy thirty-two thirty-fifths
of the width of the carapace, .90 mm. tall and, therefore, .58 as tall as
wide; less rounded laterally than in male. Otherwise essentially as in
male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved as in male. Poste-
rior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 65 : 58, wider than middle
row in ratio of 65:56. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in
ratio of 65 :36. Total eye space occupies slightly less than one half
the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE
= 17:9 :2.5:8. AME separated from one another by one tenth of
their diameter, from ALE by one sixth of their diameter. Middle eyes
closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 11:12. Height of clypeus
equal to about one fourth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated
with a thick coat of long lanceolate white hairs converging toward
middle line, a few long white bristles which protrude through the white
hair, and the usual three bristles in lower angle between AME (these
three bristles are brownish in their distal third, whitish elsewhere).

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; moderately robust; somewhat swollen
in front obliquely from above near medial border toward outer distal
corner; slightly excavated in front in middle of medial border; basal
segment about .64 mm. Jong; basal third with many short white lance-
olate hairs and considerably overlapped by the white hairs from the
clypeus. Fang short, fairly evenly curved. Fang groove with two
promarginal teeth and a single retromarginal tooth as usual in the
genus.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA Silk

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male.
Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 22, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.02 70 76 64 34 3.46
2, .96 51 58 EOill 230 . 2.86
3. .96 51 51 51 34 2.83
4, 1.08 58 70 ..69 34 3.39

All vestiges of the ventral fringe poorly developed in the male seem
to have disappeared in the female.

Spines. First leg: essentially as in male. Second leg: femur as in
male; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral 0-O-1-0, ventral
lr-lr-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-1, ventral 2-lr. Third leg: femur
dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella only
retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral 0-1-0; retrolateral 0-1—1-0, ventral
0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth
leg: femur and patella as in third; tibia prolateral 0-1-0, retrolateral
0-1-1-0, ventral 1p—O0-2; metatarsus prolateral 1-1, retrolateral 0-1,
ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male.

Epigynum. With a deep posterior marginal notch and probably a
dorsal recess; about the middle of the plate appear two narrowed
depressions separated by the length of one of them, each appearing
to open inward (Fig. 271).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: in a general way, with exception of the
elypeus, much as in male; many white lanceolate hairs generally dis-
tributed thus giving the dark color a grayish appearance. Legs: much
as in male except generally lighter. Chelicerae light reddish brown.
Otherwise essentially as in male.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype with several para-
types of both sexes from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

METAPHIDIPPUS LONGIPALPUS F. Cambridge, 1901

Dendryphantes longipalpus Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. longipalpus Petrunkevitch, 1925
D. longipalpus Banks, 1929

Mr. Banks (’29) had a male from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1924. I have two males from the same locality, Aug. and Sept.
(Zetek), 1939. There are certain differences between these three

S12 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

specimens from the Canal Zone Biologica] Area and Cambridge’s de-
scription of males from Bugaba, R. P., but I think best to regard them
as belonging to one species for the present. Careful descriptions should
be drawn up at the earliest opportunity. The female is not known.

METAPHIDIPPUS MOMUs F. Cambridge, 1901

Dendryphantes momus Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. momus Petrunkevitch, 1925
D. momus Banks, 1929

Originally reported from Guatemala and Panama and only known
from females. Reported from the Canal Zone by Mr. Banks (29). His
single specimen is much smaller than mine, which have come from the
mountains and there are certain other differences which make me
regard his identification with uncertainty. I have four specimens
from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939, which agree well with Cambridge’s |
description, and two others from E] Valle, R. P., July, 1936, which I
am tentatively assigning to this species although I consider the identi-
fication somewhat uncertain. It seems rather probable that M. momus
may be the female of a species of Parnaenus.

METAPHIDIPPUS OCHRACEUS F. Cambridge, 1901
Dendryphantes ochraceus Petrunkevitch, 1911

There are in my collection ten specimens from Boquete, R. P., July,
1939, which I am tentatively placing in this species, previously known
only from Guatemala. In several respects the characters agree well
with Cambridge’s description, but in some others they do not. Also
known only from females.

METAPHIDIPPUS OCTONOTATUS F. Cambridge, 1901

Dendryphantes octonotatus Banks, 1909
D. octonotatus Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. octonotatus Petrunkevitch, 1925

Cambridge had both sexes from Guatemala. Mr. Banks (’09) re-
ferred three females to the species, and there is one female in the Peck-
ham collection also placed here. Professor Petrunkevitch referred
three immature females from Cerro Flores to the species. So far as I
know, this is the only record from Panama. Knowing how unreliable
identifications from immature specimens have proven to be, I think

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA ols

there is reason to doubt the accuracy of the record. I have included
the species in my list but not in the key to males.

METAPHIDIPPUS PERSCITUS spec. nov.
Figures 272-275 -

Male holotype. Total length 3.84 mm. Carapace 1.86 mm. long,
1.35 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy nearly the full width of the
carapace at their level, .94 mm. tall and, therefore, a little less than
three fourths as tall as wide; surface finely granulated, especially in
interocular region; with many black bristles around eyes, but few hairs
anywhere; median longitudinal thoracic groove of moderate length just
at beginning of steep posterior declivity which occurs about one fourth
of distance from PLE to posterior border.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly above those of AME. Posterior row wider
than anterior row in ratio of 21 : 19, wider than middle row in ratio of
21:16. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 21 : 15.
Total eye space occupies seventeen twenty-ninths of length of cara-
pace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 18 : 10 : 2.25 : 9.
AME barely separated from one another, from ALE by one twelfth of
their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of
5:7. Height of clypeus equal to one eighteenth of diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated only with a ventral row of slender bristles and a
single long stiff bristle in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Porrect, slender; divergent from near bases; strongly
produced; basal segment 1.20 mm. long. Fang long, slender; bent
sharply near base, then nearly straight until attenuated near tip which
is bent toward groove; only slightly sinuous. Fang groove with three
teeth all close together near medial end and all on a broad low tubercle;
two small promarginal teeth and a single long slender retromarginal
tooth (Fig. 272). No tooth on fang or near base of fang on basal seg-
ment. :

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 2 :
1; broadly concave along outer border; with no tubercle at outer distal
angle; considerably excavated contiguous to lip.

Lip. Only slightly longer than wide at base; strongly convex along
posterior surface. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Strongly convex in posterior three fifths; elongate scuti-
form: longer than wide in ratio of 39 : 22: widest between second coxae;

314 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

anterior border slightly narrower than base of lip; posterior end blunt
and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by about
one fifth of their diameter. Fourth coxae much the stoutest.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 15, of fourth leg 14. Legs with
a moderate supply of hair but with no fringes.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 1.22 oat 1.02 83 46 4.24
2. 87 .50 64 .60 30 2.96
3. 89 40 58 62 .36 2.85
4. 1.02 .50 83 65 38 3.38
Palp 64 .26 .20 = 45 1.55

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1-0, prolateral distal 1;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2 (not paired regularly), promarginal
series occupying distal three fifths of segment, retromarginal series the ~
distal four fifths (Fig. 273); metatarsus only 0-2-2 ventral. Second leg:
femur, patella, and metatarsus as in first; tibia only ventral 1r—O0-2.
Third leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only ventral 0-O0-1p;
metatarsus only prolateral 0-2 and retrolateral 0-1. Fourth leg: femur
dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia
0; metatarsus only prolateral and retrolatera] 0-1. Palpal spines: only
femur dorsal 0-1—-1-1.

Palp. Femur curved dorsoventrally; both tibia and patella short;
' tibial retrolateral apophysis a short spur, broad at base, and slightly
hooked distally; bulb only moderately swollen, with the usual small,
somewhat rugulose lobe at anterior end from whose anterior margin
arises a somewhat slender, terminally blunt and very slightly bifur-
cated spine (embolus) (Figs. 274-275).

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 17 : 9; posterior end
rounded almost as much as base; strongly chitinized throughout central
region; anal tubercle with a white tuft of hairs; spinnerets as usual in
the genus; tracheal spiracle with a distinct lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. A very dark species. Carapace:-generally and
nearly uniformly rich dark mahogany brown with a few iridescent
greenish scales; eyes on black spots; no white stripes or white spots.
Mouth parts and sternum dark mahogany brown. First pair of legs
and palps dark brown, lighter above and with numerous white lanceo-
late hairs on most segments; other legs generally a yellowish or light
amber with dark brown markings; second, third, and fourth femora
dark brown except dorsally lighter and amber at proximal ends. Abdo-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 315

men: central dorsal area a medium shiny brown containing a pair of
small white spots near middle; about half-way from there to posterior
end is a pair of narrow transverse white bars extending ventrally over
about half the lateral area; near the base are two more small white
spots on each side the more anterior being considerably elongated
(altogether eight small white spots dorsally and dorsolaterally;) lateral
regions generally dull gray brown except as noted; venter brown bor-
dered by a row of yellowish dots on each side and containing near the
center two rows of obscure yellowish dots.

Type locality. Male holotype and three male paratypes from E]
Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

METAPHIDIPPUS QUADRINOTATUS F’. Cambridge, 1901

Dendryphantes quadrinotatus Banks, 1909
D. quadrinotatus Petrunkevitch, 1911
D. quadrinotatus Petrunkevitch, 1925

Cambridge had only females from Panama and Costa Rica. Banks
reported the species from Costa Rica. Cambridge’s figures leave no
reasonable doubt as to the correct placement of this species, I believe.
In alcohol the carapace is generally reddish brown, a darker shade
laterally and along the steep posterior declivity ; the interocular area is
also dark brown with eyes on black spots; considerable iridescence
nearly everywhere due to presence of many scales; the clypeus is
covered by a thick coat of lanceolate white hair which continues less
abundantly beneath ALE and PLE; beginning at PME is a narrow
white stripe which widens and continues in rather poorly defined way
to steep posterior declivity where the stripes from each side nearly
meet; from a short distance behind PLE to beginning of steep descent
occurs a light brown, transverse bar. It would seem very probable
that Cambridge’s specimens were badly worn so that many of the dis-
tinctive markings were lacking. The abdomen shows a distinct yel-
lowish white basa] band; this continues on each side as a narrow stripe
almost to the short whitish transverse mark separating the black spots
which suggested the specific name. The epigynum also appears to be
quite distinctive; its posterior notch mentioned by Cambridge and so
well figured by him is, in reality, an opening into a recess of consider-
able size. It seems probable that these females belong with the males
of one of the species of Parnaenus described here as new and known
only from males.

316 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Two specimens from Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug., 1939
and one from the Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1939.

Genus PARAHENTzIA Bryant 1943
PARAHENTZIA INSIGNITA spec. nov.
Figures 276-280

Upon the basis of an examination of the genotype, P. mandibularis
Bryant, I place this species in this genus. I also suggest the probability
that Hentzia (Wala) parallela (Peckham) will be found to belong in
the same genus.

Male holotype. Total length 4.86 mm. Carapace 2.08 mm. long,
1.73 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy nearly four
fifths of the width of the carapace at their level, .89 mm. tall and,
therefore, .51 as tall as wide; ascent from AME very gradual to PLE;
descent from PLE very gradual to steep posterior declivity which
begins nearly two thirds of the distance from PLE to posterior border;
a short median longitudinal groove about half-way between PLE and
the beginning of the steep declivity; well rounded laterally from just
behind ALE, interocular area finely granulated; lateral sides with a
covering of lanceolate hairs to be noted later; numerous long bristles
around first row of eyes.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one eighteenth of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of
41 :39, wider than middle row in ratio of 41 :37. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of 41 : 24. Total eye space occupies
fifteen thirty-seconds of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE = 19 : 8.5 : 2 : 7.5. AME separated from one an-
other by about one eighteenth of their diameter, from ALE by about
one eighth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE
in ratio of 10 : 13. Height of clypeus barely one nineteenth of the
diameter of AME, would be called obsolete by some workers. Clypeus
decorated only by a ventral fringe of yellowish bristles, a few converg-
ent bristles beneath AME and, apparently, but one long upturned
bristle in lower angle between AME. An unusual arrangement of hairs
and coloring beneath and behind ALE as follows: a narrow white

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 317
\

stripe, then a narrow reddish brown stripe, then a broader white
stripe, and finally another narrow reddish brown stripe just posterior
to ALE.

Chelicerae. Moderately produced and porrect; somewhat divergent,
but this is more apparent than real due to shape of basal segment;
basal segment .96 mm. long; distinctly flattened and rugulose dorsally
(anterior surface); with well developed basal boss; margins strongly
chitinized and angular (Fig. 276); at base along outer margin is a
fringe of long white hair. Fang of moderate size, moderately sinuous.
Fang groove distinct; with two promarginal teeth of moderate size,
one is about one fourth the length of the groove from base of fang, the
other about three fourths; retromargin with a single simple robust
tooth which gives no evidence of being fissidentate like that of female
(however some paratypes show slight indication of an obsolescent
fissidentate condition).

Mazillae. Longer than wide in ratio of about 2 : 1; moderately
notched in middle of outer border; considerably broadened distally,
with a minute tubercle on outer distal corner; well developed scopula
on truncature with remainder of distal border gently rounded; margin
contiguous to lip considerably excavated and ridged.

Iip. Rather extraordinarily modified. Longer than wide in ratio of
11 : 10; basal excavations very short; extremely thick and massive;
excavated along lateral margins especially in basal two thirds; medial
margin of excavations strongly ridged; reaches just beyond middle of
maxillae (Fig. 277). Sternal suture procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform; quite convex and flattened centrally; longer
than wide in ratio of 4 : 3; anterolateral corners mildly excavated;
anterior border somewhat ridged and not quite as wide as base of lip;
widest between second coxae; posterior end a minute point, not ex-
tended between fourth coxae which are separated by a little more than
one fifth of their diameter.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)

1, 1.44 1.02 1.25 .90 1 5.12
2. 1.02 08 » 64 .62 30 Beall
3 .96 45 51 .64 39 2.91
4. 1.25 .64 85 208 38 3.85
Palp - UU 26 19 — 51 1.73

318 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Fig. 273.
Figs. 274-275.

Fig. 276.
Fig. 277.
Figs. 278-279.

Fig. 280.
Fig. 281.
Figs. 282-283.

External Anatomy of Spiders

Metaphidippus perscitus Chickering; first tibia, ventral view.

M. perscitus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

Parahentzia insignita Chickering; male chelicera, front view.

P. insignita Chickering; male lip, posterior view.

P. insignita Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

P. insignita Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Paraphidippus perpastus Chickering; male chelicera.

P. perpastus Chickering; male palpal tarsus, ventral view; and
palpal tibia, retrolateral view.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 319

First leg considerably enlarged, and with a short ventral fringe of black
clavate hairs along the distal half of the retromargin of the ventral
surface of the femur and similarly throughout the patella; elsewhere
with a moderate supply of hair.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1-0, prolateral 0-0-1-1-0;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, promarginal
series occupying distal two thirds of segment, retromarginal series the
distal three fourths; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur
as in first except retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-1,
ventral 1r—2+2; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal
1-1-1, prolateral distal 2, retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia pro-
lateral and retrolateral distal 1, ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral
0-2, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as
in third except femur prolateral only distal 1; tibia only ventral 1p—O0-2;
metatarsus as in third except prolateral only 0-1. Palpal spines: ap-
parently only femur dorsal 0-0-1.

Palp. Resembles that of Hentzia. Patella and tibia both short,
with latter about three fourths as long as former; tibial retrolateral
apophysis a simple, rather slender spur, nearly straight; bulb moder-
ately swollen, largely overlaps the tibia, with two anterior lobules;
embolus arises as a very slender filament near distal end of bulb and
curves in a broad arc to near distal end of cymbium (Figs. 278-279).

Abdomen. Nearly cylindrical in form; longer than wide in ratio of
about 25 :9, widest near middle; anal tubercle prominent with a
broader basal part and a smaller terminal cone; six spinnerets with
anterior pair approximate and stoutest, posterior pair longest and with
two distinct segments, a longer basal segment and a shorter terminal .
segment; position of colulus obscured by white hairs; tracheal spiracle
near base of spinnerets, with distinct lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally bright reddish brown, with all
eyes on black spots and ventral margin nearly black with many
streaks; a broad lateral white stripe on each side, due to lanceolate
hairs, begins at ALE and extends below PME and PLE nearly to ©
posterior border; frontal stripes described with carapace visible only
from in front. Chelicerae, lip, and maxillae a rich dark brown, the two
latter with whitish tips. Palps reddish brown. Legs: first pair bright
reddish brown, lighter above and with a plentiful supply of white hairs
on dorsal and prolateral surfaces; other legs unicolorous yellowish
white. Abdomen: a fairly broad, reddish brown stripe extends from
base to anal tubercle; on each side of this central stripe is a narrow
whitish stripe also extending the length of the abdomen, the anterior

320 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

end of each is definitely white while the remainder is whitish due to
presence of lanceolate hairs over a reddish brown background; lateral
sides and base dark reddish brown becoming somewhat lighter on
venter where Jung areas are yellowish white. The paratypes show
considerable variation in degree of color, but the pattern is quite
consistently followed.

Female allotype. Total length 4.48 mm. Carapace 1.95 mm. long,
1.60 mm. wide a short distance behind PLE which occupy about
seven eighths of width of carapace at their level; .80 mm. tall and,
therefore, exactly half as tall as wide; with a short median longitudinal
thoracic groove less than one third of the distance from PLE to begin-
ning of posterior steep declivity; in addition to ordinary bristles around
eyes a special pair of robust erect broad bristles project from margin
on each side beneath the interval between ALE and PME, also an-
other somewhat similar bristle above and a little in front of the more
robust pair. General form as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about two seventeenths of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of
43 : 39, wider than middle row in ratio of 43 : 36. Quadrangle of
Jaterals wider than long in ratio of 43 : 24. Total eye space occupies
almost half the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME: ALE :
PME : PLE = 17:8.5 :2:7.5. AME separated from one another
by one ninth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to
PLE in ratio of 10 : 13. Height of clypeus equal to nearly one fourth
of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a rich coat of loose
_ yellowish white lanceolate hairs, and probably the usual three long up-
turned yellowish bristles in the lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Rather small; vertical, parallel; based segment .50 mm.
long; medial border with many yellowish bristles; basal third covered
in front with short, loose, yellowish white, lanceolate hairs or scales.
Fang of moderate size, evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; with two
small promarginal teeth; with a single, robust, typically fissidentate
retromargina] tooth.

Mawzillae. Essentially as in male except that there is no tubercle on
outer distal corner and medial excavations contiguous to lip are much
less conspicuous.

Lip and Sternum. Essentially as in male except the somewhat
exaggerated features in that sex are toned down in the female.

Legs. 1432. Tibial] index of first leg 26, of fourth leg 17.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 321

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
iy 1.08 .64 _.80 64 238 3.54
2s .90 58 51 .50 .o2 2.81
3. .96 Ol 51 58 32 2.88
4. 1.03 09 .70 70 32 3.34

First leg much enlarged; with a fringe of a few black and fewer white
clavate hairs in same position as found in male.

Spines. First leg: essentially as in male. Second leg: as in male
except tibia ventral 2-2-2. Third leg: femur, patella, and metatarsus
as in male; tibia as in male except ventral 0-1p-2. Fourth leg: as in
male. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1.

Abdomen. Generally less cylindrical than in male; slightly flattened
dorsoventrally ; longer than wide in ratio of 40 : 19; widest about one
fourth from base; position of vestigial colulus clearly marked by a
more strongly chitinized area and a tuft of black hairs. Otherwise
essentially as in male.
Epigynum. Rather small and inconspicuous; a short distance from
the posterior margin there is a lip dorsal to which lies a small recess
with tubules; anterior half contained a transverse depression with two
deeper depressions about the diameter of one of them apart (Fig. 280).

Color in alcohol. Reminiscent of the females of Hentzia. Carapace:
ground color light yellowish brown, with al] eyes except AME on
black spots; ventral margin with a narrow black line; just ventral to
PLE is a short, light, reddish brown stripe extending back about half-
way to steep posterior declivity; about the middle of the lateral sides
is a narrow, light brownish stripe extending from just below ALE to
posterolateral corner; just in front of the steep posterior declivity is a
pair of light reddish brown, irregular spots; in center of interocular
area is a large clear spot which appears dark in certain light. Palps
yellowish white. Chelicerae the same, each with an irregular reddish
brown spot in front. Mazxillae and lip light amber with whitish tips.
Sternum clear yellowish white. Legs: yellowish white; first pair with
light reddish brown prolateral spots at distal ends of femora, patellae,
and tibiae; all others without spots. Abdomen: yellowish white with
a series of four pairs of short reddish brown dorsal spots in anterior
three quarters; the last pair of these spots join across the dorsum; be-
hind the spots are two narrow recurved bars; lateral sides irregularly
spotted with reddish brown. Considerable variation in respect to dorsal
abdominal color pattern has been noted among paratypes.

B22 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,

June, 1934; female allotype from the same locality, June, 1939.
Numerous paratypes from the following localities: Canal Zone Bio-
logical Area, June-July, 1934; July, 1936; June, Aug., 1939; Ft. Ran-
dolph, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Boquete, R. P., July, 1939 (common).

Genus ParRAPHipiIppus F. Cambridge, 1901

Apparently this genus has previously been unknown from Panama.

I have four species which must be placed in the genus.

—_

Key to the species of Paraphidippus from Panama
Males

. First pair of legs with well developed ventral fringe of black uncurled hairs.

Chelicera: retromargin of fang groove with a single tooth of moderate size
close to promarginal teeth at medial end; fang without definite tooth on
inner surface; basal segment without well developed tubercle near base of
fang. Palp: tibial apophysis a stout spur, somewhat geniculate in middle;
embolus a slender, ventrally curved spine arising from middle of anterior
border or distalblobefoisbulbeee an yee aoe .. P. aurantius, (p. 323)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................-- 2
. First pair of legs with strongly developed ventral fringe of dark curled hairs.

Chelicera: retromargin of fang groove with a large, distally birfucate tooth
well separated from promarginal teeth; fang with a distinct low tooth near
middle of its inner surface; basal segment with a low blunt tubercle on each
side near base of fang. Palp: tibial apophysis a short stout spur, directed
obliquely toward ventral side of bulb; embolus a moderately slender, some-
what sinuous, distally truncate and ventrally curved spine ...............

P. perpastus, (p. 324)

. Not with combination of characters given above.............-...-.--. 3
. First pair of legs with a moderately developed ventral fringe of yellowish

hair. Chelicera: retromargin of fang groove with a large curved tooth remote
from promarginal teeth, much closer to base of fang; fang without a tooth
on its inner surface; basal segment without well developed tubercle near
base of fang. Palp: tibial apophysis a stout, distally blunt spur, directed
distally; embolus a moderately slender spine, arising on prolateral side of
bulb, directed obliquely forward and slightly bifurcate terminally........

P. perpolitus, (p. 326)

. First pair of legs with a moderately developed ventral fringe of black and

white hairs. Chelicera: retromargin of fang groove with a large tooth near
base of fang; fang with a low blunt tooth on inner surface about one third
from base; basal segment with a bicuspid tooth on prolateral side near base

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 323

of fang, and a tubercle on each side near base of fang. Palp: tibial apophysis
a very stout pointed spur directly distally; embolus a stout, spiraloid spine
arising on retrolateral side of distal lobe of bulb and directed distally .....

P. validus, (p. 330)

Females

Only the females P. validus sp. nov. and those which I consider to be
females of P. awrantius (Lucas) are known from Panama. They may
be separated by the following key:

1. Anterior row and posterior row of eyes about equally wide; first femora
with a row of four or five prolateral spines in distal half of segment; epigynum
with a pair of relatively large white contiguous areas occupying center of
TOES a Sig mete ath Ob recy DDR TO ENT reGrs eae ace ee = eee eae P. validus, (p 330)

1. Posterior row of eyes definitely wider than anterior row; first femora with
only two prolateral spines near distal end of segment; epigynum with a pair
of small lateral apertures near middle of plate...... P. aurantius, (p. 323)

PARAPHIDIPPUS AURANTIUS (Lucas), 1833

Salticus aurantius Lucas, 1833

Attus chrysis Walckenaer, 1837

Attus multicolor Hentz, 1844

Philaeus chrysis Peckham, 1888
Paraphidippus chrysis F. Cambridge, 1901
P. multicolor F. Cambridge, 1901

P. aureus F. Cambridge, 1901

This species is believed to have been known under many names for
a long time, but the involved synonymy is only given in part here.
The species appears to be widely distributed and fairly common in
several of our southern states, through all of Central America and a
part of the West Indies. It has also been reported from South America.
Specimens from Mexico and Costa Rica are in the collections of the
Museum of Comparative Zoélogy. The species is reported to be very
variable, especially in the female sex. In the male the clypeus has no
special decorations but in the female there is a fairly rich growth of
long white hair. The promarginal spines on the first tibiae occupy
about the distal half of the segment in both sexes. Males have well
developed black ventral fringes of uncurled hairs on the first pair of
legs; the second pair of legs has a similar but much less well developed
fringe. Several males and two mature females from Boquete, R. P.,
July, 1939.

324 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

PARAPHIDIPPUS PERPASTUS spec. nov.
Figures 281-283 —

Until recently this species was considered the Panamanian repre-
sentative of P. lanipes F. Cambridge from Mexico. More careful
study has made it necessary to recognize it as a new v species, probably
closely related to P. laniipes.

Male holotype. Total length 9.00 mm. cee 4.09 mm. long,
3.84 mm. wide slightly behind PLE which occupy nineteen thirtieths
of the width of the carapace at their level, 2.13 mm. tall and, there-
fore, only about .55 as tall as wide; the descent from PLE to posterior
border quite abrupt from the first with little difference in the angle of
descent anywhere; covered with many black simple hairs, white lance-
olate hairs in stripes, and long black bristles especially in the ocular
area; a short median Jongitudinal thoracic groove in a shallow depres-
sion slightly behind the posterior borders of PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal] borders of AME cuts off about one fifth of the diameter
of ALE. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 37 : 35,
wider than middle row in ratio of 37 : 32. Quadrangle of laterals
wider than long in ratio of 37 : 25. Total eye space occupies seven six-
teenths of the length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :
PLE=32 :16:3:14. AME separated from one another by about
one sixteenth of their diameter, from ALE by one eighth of their
diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about
3:5. Height of clypeus equal to seven thirty-seconds of the diameter
of AME. Clypeus decorated only by black bristles as follows: a trans-
verse row of long ones through the center, a ventral fringe of shorter
ones, and three long stiff upturned ones in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Moderately porrect, somewhat divergent; well rounded
in front and not especially swollen; with a ridged basal boss; basal seg-
ment 2.18 mm. long. Fang fairly robust, somewhat sinuous; with a
blunt tooth on inner surface about the middle; with a low ridge ex-
tending transversely across the retrolateral surface from the tooth;
with fine serrations distal to the tooth. Fang groove deeply excavate,
transversely rugulose, with pronounced margins; near base of fang on
prolateral side is a low blunt tubercle and opposite it is another on the
retrolateral side; promargin with two small teeth near medial end;
retromargin with a single robust tooth arising about two thirds from
base of fang, turned toward base of fang, and ending in a bidentate
tip (Fig. 281).

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 325

Mazillae. Slightly convergent; longer than wide in middle in ratio
of 67 : 30; deeply notched in middle of outer border; somewhat
smoothly excavated contiguous to lip; palp inserted into basal third;
outer distal corner with a robust tubercle which turns distally.

Lip. As wide as long; basal excavations reach about one third the
length of organ; reaches to middle of maxillae. Sternal suture straight
or slightly procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of about
13 : 10; widest between second coxae, not much narrower between
first; anterior border slightly narrower than base of lip; quite convex in
posterior half; posterior end blunt and not extended between fourth
coxae which are separated by a little less than one fifth of their

diameter.
Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg and fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
Ie 3.33 2.18 3.01 2.49 1.02 12.03
Pe 2.43 1.54 1.60 1.66 .70 8.00
3. 2.43 1.22 1.33 1.66 at 7.41
4, 2.75 1.41 1.94 1.98 .90 8.98
Palp 1.79 51 30 — 1.47 4.07

All legs with considerable simple black hair and white lanceolate hair.
First pair of legs with a heavy black ventral fringe beginning on retro-
margin of the femur but best developed on patella, tibia, and meta-
tarsus, the hair on these three segments being notably curled as de-
scribed in P. laniipes; a weakly developed fringe also present on second
legs but the hairs are only slightly curled.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2; patella
0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, promarginal series occupying distal three
fifths of segment while retromarginal series occupies a somewhat
greater distance; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur
and patella as in first; tibia only prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-1r—2-2;
metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Third leg: femur and patella as in
first except femur retrolateral distal 1; tibia prolateral 0-1-0, retro-
lateral 0O-1-1-0, ventra] 0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral
1-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsa] 0-1-1-1, prolateral and
retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only retrolateral 0-1-1, ventral
1p-O-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-1, retrolateral 0-2, ventral 0-2.
Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1-1.

Palp. Femur only mederately curved dorsoventrally; both patella
and tibia short with the latter about three fifths as long as the former;

326 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

tibial retrolateral apophysis a simple short spur directed obliquely
toward ventral side; tarsus with bulb moderately swollen, cymbium
excavated contiguous to tibial spur, tarsal spine arises from middle of
anterior border of small distal lobe of bulb, twists a little but maintains
a nearly uniform width to its termination (Figs. 282-283).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of about 16 : 9; widest
about two fifths from base; other features as usual in the group.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: a deep reddish brown, eyes on black
spots; interocular area darker; a dorsolateral white stripe made by
lanceolate hairs extends from ALE, where it is very narrow, beneath
PLE almost to posterior border; black hairs along lateral sides add a
deeper color to those regions; surface with short narrow black dotted
intercommunicating lines. Chelicerae a deep reddish brown; maxillae
and lip the same with yellowish white tips. Sternum reddish brown.
All legs and palps reddish brown, more or less streaked with lighter
brown, especially on dorsal sides; first pair of legs somewhat the dark-.
est, but the pairs progressively lighter toward fourth. Abdomen:
central dorsal area bright mahogany brown as though varnished; with
five pairs of small white spots, the fourth pair is extended transversely
to connect with a dorsolateral white stripe which becomes a basal
band anteriorly and ceases before reaching the spinnerets; lateral sides
brownish with narrow, lighter colored stripes; venter with a brownish
central broad stripe bordered by a row of yellowish dots on each side.
There is some iridescence on both carapace and abdomen.

Type locality. Male holotype and one male paratype from Boquete,
R. P., July, 1939.

PARAPHIDIPPUS PERPOLITUS spec. nov.
Figures 284-287

This is the species identified by Mr. Banks (29) as Dendryphantes
dentiger (F. Cambridge). I cannot agree with this identification and
I am compelled to regard it as new to science. According to my
records M. dentiger F. Cambridge has not been found in Panama. I
place the species in the genus Paraphidippus on the basis of: the fringe
on the first pair of legs; the fact that PLE are far from the lateral bor-
der of the carapace; the laterally rounded and full carapace; and a few
other features. It must be admitted, however, that there are also some
features which are generally considered to be characteristic of Metaphi-
dippus and Parnaenus.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA BVA

Male holotype. Total length 3.97 mm. Carapace 1.95 mm. long,
1.60 mm. wide opposite PLE which occupy five sixths of width of
carapace at their level, .90 mm. tall and, therefore, about .56 as tall
as wide; descent behind PLE very slight until steep posterior declivity
is reached which begins a little more than half-way from PLE to
posterior border; laterally well rounded from ALE to steep declivity;
surface finely granulate, especially in interocular area; a short median
longitudina] thoracic groove lies about half-way from PLE to begin-
ning of steep declivity.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME and ALE are almost exactly level. Posterior row just
slightly wider than anterior row, wider than middle row in ratio of 31
: 26. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 31 : 18. Total
eye space occupies about four ninths of the length of the carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE=18 : 9.5 : 2.5 : 8.5. AME
separated from one another by one eighteenth of their diameter, from
ALE by one ninth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than
to PLE in ratio of 9:11. Height of clypeus equal to two ninths of the
diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a brush of dull yellowish,
lanceolate hair, a single stiff brownish bristle beneath outer border of
each AME, and three bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Porrect, divergent, slender, strongly produced; basal
segment 1.02 mm. long. Fang long, slender, sinuous, without a tooth.
Fang groove well defined but only excavated near base of fang; pro-
margin with two small teeth near medial end of groove; retromargin
with a single long slender tooth, evenly curved toward base of fang;
with no well developed tubercles near base of fang (Fig. 284).

Mazxillae. Essentially parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio
of 25 : 11; acutely notched in middle of outer border and angulate at
both inner and outer distal angles but without tubercle or hook.

Iip. As wide as long; basal excavations reach about one third of
length of organ; reaches to middle of maxillae. Sternal suture gently
procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of about
3:2; widest between second coxae but not much narrower between
first and third coxae; anterior border slightly narrower than base of
lip; strongly convex in posterior two thirds; posterior end bluntly
rounded and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated
by one third of their diameter. First coxae much the stoutest.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 18, of fourth leg 14.

328 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.15 BIC .96 70 .39 3.97
23 .96 7 64 58 .o2 3.07
3. .96 46 E52, 58 38 2.90
4. 1.15 OT ide Ons .o2 3.51
Palp 64 19 13 — 56 1.52

All legs with a moderate supply of hair as usual. First pair with a
definite and fairly well developed pale, light colored fringe on both
prolateral and ventral surfaces of all segments beginning with femora,
but weak on metatarsi and tarsi. First legs much the stoutest.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal.2; patella
only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, not well matched, pro-
marginal series occupying less than the distal half of segment and retro-
marginal series occupying about the distal three quarters; metatarsus
only ventral 0-2-2. Second Jeg: femur and patella as in first except
femur retrolateral distal 1; tibia only prolatera] 0-1-1-0 and ventral
lr-O0-2 on right, 1r—Ir-2 on left; metatarsus only prolatera] 1-0 and
ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur as in second; patella only retrolateral
0-1-0; tibia prolateral 0-1-0, retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 0-0-2;
metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 1p—2. Fourth leg:
femur dorsal 0-1-1-—1, prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella as in
third; tibia only ventral 0-0-2 and retrolateral 0-1-0; metatarsus pro-
lateral and retrolateral 1-1, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: only femur
dorsal, eight in distal half of segment, seems to be a very distinctive
specific character.

Palp. Femur quite strongly curved dorsoventrally and somewhat
enlarged in distal half, also with eight dorsal spines in distal half of
segment, a distinctive character; both patella and tibia short with
latter about two thirds as long as former segment; tibial retrolateral
apophysis a stout, thumb-like spur; base of cymbium with a strongly
chitinized dorsal lobule contiguous to tibia; bulb without an anterior
rugulose lobe but with a flat thin plate rounded anteriorly; tarsal
spine (embolus) arises on prolateral side from a small rugulose region
and curves forward just anterior to apex of bulb where its tip seems to
be slightly bifurcated (Figs. 285-287).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of nearly 2 : 1; widest
near middle; anal tubercle, spinnerets, and tracheal spiracle as usual
in the group; position of colulus indicated by a small tuft of stiff black

hairs.
Color in alcohol. Carapace: almost black in ocular and interocular

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 329

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 284. Paraphidippus perpolitus Chickering; male chelicera.

Fig. 285. P. perpolitus Chickering; male palpal femur, prolateral view.

Figs. 286-287. P. perpolitus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

Fig. 288. P. validus Chickering; male chelicera.

Figs. 289-290. .P. validus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia and tarsus, retrolateral view, larger scale.

Fig. 291. P. validus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

330 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

region; a broad light reddish brown stripe beginning below ALE on
each side passes obliquely backwards and dorsally to region behind
PLE where the two meet in a narrow band at level of median thoracic
groove; a very narrow stripe of white lanceolate hairs just below PLE
from ALE and a few isolated white lanceolate hairs generally distrib-
uted over the surface; steep posterior declivity and lateral posterior
parts almost black. Chelicerae and maxillae yellowish white. Sternum
dark brown and lip lighter brown. Palp: tarsus, tibia and patella dark
brown, cymbium almost black; femur yellowish white with a broad
prolateral brown stripe lacking for a short distance at proximal end,
and a short retrolateral brown stripe only at dista] end (Fig. 285).
First pair of legs yellowish white, dusted with brown; other legs similar
except all three pairs of femora almost black and distal ends of third
and fourth patellae and tibiae brownish. Abdomen: dorsal area reddish
brown with a faint lanceolate darker basal stripe and three pairs of
dark brown spots in posterior two thirds; a white narrow basal band
continues dorsolaterally as a stripe reaching a little more than half-
way to the spinnerets; a white dorsolateral spot on each side extends
dorsally to lie partly between the second and third pair of dark spots;
_ anal tubercle with a snow white tuft of hairs; base and lateral sides -
dark brown; venter light brown bounded by a line of yellowish dots on
each side and enclosing a pair of obscure rows of dots near center.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
August, 1939. No paratypes.

PARAPHIDIPPUS VALIDUS spec. nov.
Figures 288-291

Male holotype. Total length 8.96 mm. Carapace 3.52 mm. long,
3.01 mm. wide slightly behind PLE which occupy two thirds of the
width of the carapace at their level, 1.73 mm. tall and, therefore,
about .57 as tall as wide; PME and PLE on low tubercles; as seen in
profile, the descent is abrupt from PLE for a short distance, then very
gradual for another short distance to the steeper declivity which con-
tinues to posterior border; a short median longitudinal thoracic groove
at bottom of first abrupt descent behind PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one sixteenth of diameter
of ALE. Anterior row slightly wider than posterior row, wider than
middle row in ratio of 65 : 58. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long
in ratio of about 13 : 9. Total eye space occupies twenty-five fifty-
thirds of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 381

PLE=31 : 16.5 : 3.75 : 14.5. AME almost contiguous, separated
from ALE by one tenth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE
than to PLE in ratio of 3 : 5. Height of clypeus equal to about one
tenth of diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated by a row of slender
white bristles along ventral margin, two long brownish bristles be-
neath lateral border of each AME, a fringe of loose white lanceolate
hairs and three brownish bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Porrect, strongly divergent, strongly produced; with
well developed and ridged basal boss; basal segment 2.11 mm. long.
Fang long, sinuous; with a stout tooth on its inner surface about two
sevenths from base; with small transverse ridges distal and proximal
to tooth. Fang groove strongly developed; on prolateral side of basal
segment near base of fang is a stout tooth divided distally into two
cusps, also near base of fang on both sides occurs a well developed
tubercle or cusp; two promarginal teeth, a smal] median one and a
fairly long pointed one at about a third of the distance from the small
tooth to base of fang; retromargin with a single robust, curved, dis-
tally flattened, and somewhat widened tooth two fifths of the distance
from the base of fang to medial end of groove; a wel] developed rugu-
lose ridge from the large tooth to tubercle near base of fang (Fig. 288).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
7 : 3; quite deeply concave along middle of outer border; outer distal
corner smoothly rounded and without a tubercle or hook; palp inserted
into basal third.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of about 11 : 9; basal excavations
reach about two fifths the length of the organ; reaches to middle of
maxilJae. Sternal suture plainly procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 13 : 9;
widest between second coxae, but little narrower between first; anterior
border almost as wide as base of lip; quite convex in posterior two
thirds; posterior end blunt and not extended between fourth coxae
which are separated by about two ninths of their width. Anterior
coxae much the stoutest and nearly twice as long as any other.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 12, of fourth leg 13.

ne} > 29 NS)

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
3.77 2.18 3.46 3.20 1.41 14.02
2.30 1.25 1.60 1.94 70 7.79
2.18 1.15 1.41 1.73 65 7.12
2.56 1.28 2.05 2.24 70 8.83
alp 1.47 64 58 — esp 3.40

332 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

All legs with a moderate supply of long light colored hair and shorter
dark hair, but only first pair with a definite fringe which extends chiefly
on ventral side from patella to tarsus with fullest development on
tibia where nearly the proximal third is white, the remainder black.
Hairs in fringe not curled.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolatera] 0-O-1-1-1;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, not well matched, promarginal
series occupying about the distal seven twelfths of the segment and the
retromarginal series slightly more than this; metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2; both tibial and metatarsal spines short for such elongated seg-
ments. Second leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 1; patella
0; tibia only ventral 0-1r—-2; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur
and patella as in second; tibia only retrolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 0-0-2;
metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg:
femur only dorsal 0-1—1-1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 1p—O-2; meta-
tarsus only prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: only femur -
dorsal 0-1-1.

Palp. Long and slender; patella and tibia longer than usual, the
former only slightly longer than the latter; retrolateral tibial apophysis
a short robust spur nearly as broad at base as Jong; tarsal bulb nearly
as broad as long; robust tarsal spine (embolus) arises from retrolateral
side of distal lobe, is spiraloid and is directed distally (Figs. 289-290).

Abdomen. Generally long and slender; longer than wide in ratio of
about 18 : 7, widest about one third from base; anal tubercle plainly
composed of two parts, a broader basal half and a slender distal half;
spinnerets as usual in the genus; position of colulus indicated by tuft
of stiff black hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with lip
but no definite tubercle. Many long erect brownish bristles on dorsum.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: dark reddish brown with many black
streaks and intercommunicating lines; a patch of white lanceolate
hair between and above PME and PLE and also a very small one
between PLE; a nearly square white figure beginning dorsal to AME
and passing beneath PME and PLE over to about the middle of the
area behind PLE (the white hairs which mark out this figure are so
loose that many have, doubtless, been removed in the handling of the
specimen); also a narrow white marginal stripe continuous with the
clypeal fringe and extending to posterolateral corners. All legs and
palps brown, well supplied with white lanceolate hair which covers
the coxae dorsally and nearly covers the proximal halves of the first
tibiae and dorsal sides of palpal femora. Chelicerae dark reddish brown
with basal three fifths of fang nearly black. Sternum, maxillae, and

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 333

lip also reddish brown, the latter two parts with yellowish tips. Abdo-
men: entire dorsal area covered by a reddish brown stripe within
which may be seen a central lighter stripe flanked on either side by a
darker one; a narrow white basal band continues dorsolaterally as a
somewhat broadened stripe on each side nearly to the spinnerets;
lateral sides gray-brown with very narrow yellowish stripes; ventral
margins of the lateral areas are covered with Joose broad white Jance-
olate hairs; venter gray-brown, bordered on each side by a row of
yellowish dots and enclosing a pair of central irregular rows of yel-
lowish dots.

Female allotype. Total length 9.40 mm. Carapace 3.58 mm. long,
3.20 mm. wide opposite PLE which occupy seven tenths of width of
carapace at their level; 1.73 mm. tall and, therefore, .54 as tall as wide;
other features essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen-from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of AME and ALE are almost on a level with one another.
Anterior row and posterior row equal in width, wider than middle row
in ratio of about 11 : 10. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in
ratio of about 13 : 9. Total eye space occupies thirty-seven fifty-sixths
of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME:
PLE = 30 : 16 :3.5:14. AME separated from one another by one
twentieth of their diameter, from ALE by about one sixth of their
diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 3 : 4.
Height of clypeus equal to one sixth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus
decorated as in male.

Chelicerae. Quite robust, slightly porrect, essentially parallel, but
outer borders quite convex; surface finely rugulose; with numerous
long light brown hairs in front; basal segment 1.28 mm. long. Fang
fairly robust, especially in basal two fifths, remainder more slender and
evenly curved. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth and a single
robust retromarginal tooth about midway between base of fang and
medial end of groove.

Mazxillae, Lip, and Sternwm. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 21, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

i 3.26 1.73 2.56 2.33 1.03 10.91
2. 2.18 1.15 1.47 1.53 .70 7.03
3. 2.11 1.15 1.37 1.63 10 6.96
4, 2.62 1.28 1.98 2.25 70 8.83

334 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Legs hairy as in male, but the ventral fringe on the first pair is less
well developed than in that sex; the white part of the fringe is beneath
the patella, the proximal half of the metatarsus and the femur are
practically devoid of it.

Spines. First and second legs as in male. Third leg: tibia retro-
Jateral 0-O0-1-0; metatarsus prolateral 0-2; elsewhere as in male.
Fourth leg: metatarsus retrolateral 0-1; elsewhere as in male. Palpal
spines as in male.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male.

Epigynum. Small for so large a spider. Epigynal plate with a very
broad but shallow posterior marginal notch; somewhat swollen medi-
ally; in anterior half are two curved lines facing one another and con-
verging anteriorly, incompletely bounding the central area (Fig. 291).

Color in alcohol. Carapace and mouth parts almost identical with
those of male. Legs very similar but proximal ends of first tibiae appear
to lack the white patches; more white appears on prolateral side of ©
first patellae and dorsal side of first femora. Abdomen: dorsal region
with a light brownish central stripe with three pairs of small white
spots along its borders beginning about one fifth from base and ending
about one third from posterior end; on each side of central stripe is a
dark brownish stripe, much darker in anterior half but lighter in poste-
rior half; all three stripes liberally supplied with iridescent golden
scales; a narrow basal white band extends for a short distance along
each dorsolateral side; behind these are three white spots on each side,
the last being near the posterior end; elsewhere essentially as in male.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1934; the female allotype from same locality, June, 1936. Para-
types of both sexes from: Canal Zone Biological Area, June—July,
1936; June-Sept., 1939; Madden Dam region, C. Z., July—Aug., 1936;
E] Cermeno, R. P., July, 1940 (Zetek).

Genus ParnaENnus Peckham, 1896

Key to the species of Parnaenus from Panama

Males

1. Carapace much inflated lateral to ALE and PME; PLE on distinct tubercles.
First pair of legs with moderately developed black ventral fringe. Fang
groove with a single moderately large retromarginal tooth nearly opposite
two smaller promarginal teeth; basal segment without teeth or conspicuous
tubercles near base of fang. Palp: tibial apophysis a stout spur, somewhat

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 335

geniculate just distal to middle; embolus a slender spine arising from retro-
lateral side of distal lobe of bulb................... P. recurvus, (p. 340)
1. Carapace without marked inflation lateral to ALE and PME; PLE not on
distinct tubercle. First pair of legs with only vestiges of a ventral fringe.
Fang groove with a moderately large retromarginal tooth near middle;
basal segment with a blunt tubercle near base of fang on each side. Palp:
tibial apophysis a stout spur somewhat curved ventrally; cembolus a slender
filament arising from a pyriform lobule and curving around on retrolateral
side through more than a semicircle................ P. convexus, (p. 335)

Females

1. Epigynum with a pair of large elongated depressions separated by a flask-
Shapedyse Pt Was aoe te aces Chern ua hiaeeaas ya eerevaeiseyeei P. recurvus, (p. 340)
1. Epigynum with a pair of small depressions in middle of plate, about thre)
times the diameter of one of them apart............ P. convexus, (p 335)

PARNAENUS CONVEXUS spec. nov. -
Figures 292-297

Male holotype. Total length 6.20 mm. Carapace 2.75 mm. long, 2.24
mm. wide opposite PLE which occupy nearly four fifths of the width
of the carapace at their level, 1.41 mm. tall and, therefore, .63 as tall
as wide; PLE mounted on low tubercles; descent from PLE only
moderate to the steep posterior declivity which begins at about two
fifths of the distance from PLE to posterior border; bulges laterally
immediately behind ALE, then remains with nearly parallel sides to a
little behind PLE; with many black bristles in ocular region and a
moderate supply of black simple hair and white lanceolate hair as
noted later; with a short longitudinal median thoracic groove just a
little posterior to PLE (Figs. 292-293).

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are level with those of AME. Posterior row wider than
anterior row in ratio of 21 : 17, wider than middle row in ratio of 21 :
16. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 14 :9. Total
eye space occupies eleven twenty-firsts of length of carapace. Ratio
of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 22:11 :3:10. AME separ-
ated from one another by one twentieth of their diameter, from ALE by
about one tenth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to
PLE in ratio of 13 : 23. Height of clypeus equa] to one tenth of the
diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with black bristles as fol-
lows: two long ones beneath outer border of each AME, one beneath

336 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

middle of each AME, a ventral fringe of short slender ones, and the
usual three long ones in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Robust, porrect; divergent from distal end of prominent
basal boss; basal segment 1.28 mm. long. Fang long sinuous, with a
suppressed tooth on inner margin about the middle. Fang groove
absent but replaced by a ridge extending from near base of fang to
near the smaller of two promarginal teeth; a short distance from the
small tooth is a larger pointed one and near base of fang a blunt tu-
bercle; retromargin with a single large tooth turned toward base of
fang where there is another smaller tubercle opposite the larger one
(Fig. 294).

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2:1; quite deeply and acutely notched in middle of outer border;
outer distal angle rounded; without a tubercle or hook; palp inserted
into basal two fifths.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of about 13 : 9; basal excavations
reach about one third the length of organ; reaches just beyond middle
of maxillae. Sternal suture procurved.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 53 : 33;
widest between second coxae but only a little narrower between
third; anterior border considerably narrower than base of lip; only
mildly convex and mostly between second and third coxae; posterior
end bluntly rounded and not extended between fourth coxae which
are separated by three tenths of their diameter. Anterior coxae much
the stoutest.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 18, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
ile 1.79 TLS) 1.34 1.08 .64 6.00
2 1.34 70 stele .70 Hil 4.02
3. 1.28 70 17 .90 51 4.16
4. 1.66 95 1.28 TLS 54 5.58
Palp 1.08 ol 45 — .65 2.69

A]] legs with a moderate supply of short simple dark hair, white lanceo-
late hair especially on dorsal and prolateral surfaces. First pair with
what appears to be remnants of a ventral fringe of dark hair from
femora to tarsi but is so poorly developed that its presence may be
ignored.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 2;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, with pro-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA Bad

marginal series occupying distal two thirds and retromarginal series a
somewhat greater distance; metatarsus only 0-2-2. Second Jeg: femur
as in first except retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-1-0,
ventral lr—O-2 on right and 1r—lp—2 on left; metatarsus only ventral
0-2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral 0-1-2, retrolateral
distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-1-1, retrolateral 0—-1-1-0, ventral
0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth
leg: femur dorsal and retrolateral as in third, prolateral distal 1;
patella 0; tibia only ‘retrolateral 0-1-0, ventral 1p—O-2; metatarsus
prolateral] and retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: only femur
dorsal 0-1-1.

Palp. Femur slender and moderately bent dorsovenhtrally, covered
dorsally on distal half with many white lanceolate hairs; patella nearly
three times as long as broad; tibia about twice as long as broad; patella
only a little longer than tibia; tibial retrolateral apophysis a simple,
fairly robust, somewhat hooked spur; bulb very broad at base; embolus
arises in a pyriform lobule, turns retrolaterally, then distally to make
a long sweeping curve (Figs. 295-296).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 52 : 27; widest about
two fifths from base; anal tubercle a short broad cone covered with
white lanceolate hairs and a few simple stiff black hairs; spinnerets as
usual in the group; position of colulus indicated by a tuft of dark hairs;
tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally dark reddish brown; eyes on
black spots; a poorly defined patch ventral to PME much lighter; also
a lighter and poorly defined bar behind PLE; two pairs of white spots,
the first just behind PME, the second behind PLE; also a narrow white
marginal stripe extends from posterior lateral angle to opposite PLE;
all white marks made by presence of lanceolate hairs. Chelicerae red-
dish brown streaked with dark brown. Sternum, maxillae, and lip
brownish with many small dark spots and streaks, the two latter with
yellowish white tips. Legs: reddish brown, more or less streaked with
yellowish; first pair darkest, others progressively lighter to fourth pair;
all with many lanceolate white hairs dorsally and, to some extent, pro-
laterally. Abdomen: dorsal central area brownish with many iridescent
scales; posterior half much darker than anterior half with some indica-
tions of dark spots (paratypes show four faint dark spots in posterior
half); a very narrow basal band widens laterally and passes back as a
continuous white dorsolateral stripe on each side to posterior end;
Jateral sides light reddish brown with many narrow irregular yellow-
ish stripes; venter brownish, lighter in middle.

338 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Figs. 292-293.

Fig. 294.
Figs. 295-296.

Fig. 297.
Fig. 298.

External Anatomy of Spiders

Parnaenus converus Chickering; male carapace, dorsal view
and lateral view.

P. convexus Chickering; male chelicera.

P. converus Chickering; male palp, ventral view and retro-
lateral view.

P. converus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

P. recurvus Chickering; male carapace, dorsal view.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 339

Female allotype. Total length 8.32 mm. Carapace 3.52 mm. long,
2.78 mm. wide opposite PLE which occupy almost two thirds of the
width of carapace at their level, 1.48 mm. tall and, therefore, about .54
as tall as wide. Elsewhere essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly dorsal to those of AME. Posterior row
wider than anterior row in ratio of 19 : 14, wider than middle row in
ratio of 19 : 13. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of
38 : 23. Total eye space occupies almost exactly half the length of
the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 25:13:
3.5 : 12. AME almost contiguous, separated from ALE by one fifth
their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of
17 : 30. Height of clypeus equal to one eighth of the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated as in male.

Chelicerae. Robust, slightly porrect, slightly divergent; consider-
ably swollen in front; basal segment 1.28 mm. long. Fang robust,
especially in basal two fifths, evenly curved except for a slight constric-
tion at distal end of robust part. Fang groove well defined; promargin
with the usual two teeth, most medial the smaller; retromargin with a
single, fairly robust, simple tooth nearly midway from base to inner
end of groove.

Mazillae and Inp. Essentially as in male.

Sternum. Essentially as in male except areas at anterior lateral

corners are somewhat bevelled off as in male of P. recurvus sp. nov.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 21, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.98 1.30 1.47 1.08 64 6.47
2. 1.73 1.02 1.02 .96 OL 5.24
3. 1.66 .90 1.09 1.08 64 5.37
4. 2.11 1.15 1.60 1.47 64 6.97

Hair on legs essentially as in male.

Spines. First leg: as in male. Second leg: as in male except tibia
ventral 1r—0-2 on right and 1r-Ir-2 on left. Third leg: femur dorsal
0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2, retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia pro-
lateral and retrolateral 0-1-0, ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus as in male.
Fourth leg: as in male. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1-1.

Abdomen. Somewhat damaged but apparently essentially as in male.

Epigynum. Simple; posterior margin of plate quite deeply notched;
swollen centrally in front of notch; on each side of swelling is a small

340 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

depression, with the two separated by a distance equal to about three
times the diameter of one of them (Fig. 297).

Color in alcohol. Essentially as in male. Damage to abdomen makes
close similarity somewhat uncertain for the dorsum.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype from Canal Zone
Biological Area; taken by Dr. James Zetek in a Berlese funnel along
with much other material, July, 1943—March, 1944. Two male para-
types from same locality, June-July, 1939.

PARNAENUS RECURVUS spec. nov.

Figures 298-303

This species is regarded as a close relative of P. cyanidens (C. Koch).

Male holotype. Tota] length 9.15 mm. Carapace 4.48 mm. long,
4.16 mm. wide about opposite PLE which occupy two thirds of the
width of the carapace at their level, 2.56 mm. tall and, therefore, .61
as tall as wide; PME on prominent tubercles; steep posterior declivity
begins one third of distance from PLE to posterior border (Figs. 298-
299); a short median longitudinal thoracic groove begins opposite
posterior border of PLE; notably swollen laterally opposite ALE and
PME.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cut off about one third of the diameter
of ALE. Posterior row slightly wider than anterior row, wider than
middle row in ratio of 40 : 33. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long
in ratio of 20 : 13. Total eye space occupies about three sevenths of
length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 32:
- 17 :3.5 :14. AME separated from one another by one sixteenth of
their diameter, from ALE by one sixth of their diameter. Middle eyes
closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 2: 1. Height of clypeus equal
to about one fifth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only
with short weak dark bristles near ventral margin, a transverse row of
longer black bristles and three long stiff bristles in lower angle between
AME.

Chelicerae. Porrect, robust, strongly divergent; basal segment 2.94
mm. long; much swollen in middle dorsolaterally; with a prominent
basal boss. Fang fairly robust; moderately simuous; somewhat swollen
in middle of inner surface, perhaps indicating the position of a greatly
reduced fang tooth. Fang groove well defined, transversely rugulose,
with granular surface; promargin with two teeth, a very small one

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 341

and a Jarger one, both mounted on a low common tubercle; retromargin
with a single fairly robust tooth opposite the two promarginal teeth
(Fig. 300).

Mazillae. Parallel; excavated contiguous to lip; longer than wide
in middle in ratio of about 2 : 1; mildly concave along outer border;
outer distal angle well rounded and without either a tubercle or a hook.

Lip. Almost as wide as long; basal excavations reach only about
one fourth the length of the organ; reaches just beyond middle of
maxillae; much narrowed at distal end; strongly convex in middle
from base to distal border. Sternal suture quite strongly procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of 27 : 22; widest
between second coxae; convex from anterior border with greatest con-
vexity opposite interval between second and third coxae; anterior
lateral corners strongly ridged; with an area about one third as wide
as anterior border contiguous to ridged corners bevelled off to give the
effect of very shallow depressions somewhat as in Parahentzia mandi-
bularis Bryant (’43), but they are much less deeply excavated; poste-
rior end bluntly bilobed and not extended between fourth coxae which
are nearly contiguous. Anterior coxae much the stoutest.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae “Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

i. 3.20 2.37 2.93 2.30 1.09 11.89
2. 2.50 1.54 1.60 1.85 95 8.44
& 2.43 1.34 1.36 1.79 83 7.75
4. 2.94 1.47 1.92 2.05 85 9.23
Palp 1.98 .76 83 = 95 4.52

All legs with a moderate supply of ordinary black hair; only first pair
with a moderately well developed black ventral fringe beginning on
retromargin of femora and continuing over tarsi.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1 and prolateral distal 2;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, promarginal
series occupying about the distal half of the segment, retromarginal
series about the distal three fifths; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2.
Second Jeg: femur as in first; patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-1-0, ventral
0-1r-2-2; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1,
prolateral distal 2, retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral and
retrolateral 0-1-0, ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral and retro-
lateral 0-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral
and retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only retrolateral 0-0-1, ven-

342 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

tral 0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2.
Palpal spines: apparently only femur prolateral distal 1, dorsal 0-0-1
(indicated by a scar); paratypes show considerable variation in these
characters.

Palp. Femur strongly bent dorsoventrally. Tibia and patella of
moderate length with the latter somewhat shorter than the former.
Retrolateral tibial apophysis a stout spur bent ventrally in the middle
to some extent. Bulb moderately swollen, nearly as broad as long;
with small ova] rugulose distal lobe from the retrolateral side of which
a fairly long slender pointed spine (embolus) arises (Figs. 301-302).

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of 38 : 23, widest about three
sevenths of its length from base, much wider at base than at apex;
anal tubercle with a tuft of white hairs; spinnerets as usual in the
group; position of colulus indicated by a small tuft of stiff hairs;
tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with a distinct lip but no
tubercle. °

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally a rich reddish brown with eyes
on black spots; ventral part of lateral sides and steep declivity much
darker; a smal] white spot made by the presence of lanceolate hairs
between PLE; a broad ventrolateral stripe on each side from opposite
interval between PME and PLE back to posterolateral corner. Cheli-
cerae: a deep reddish brown with a striking degree of greenish irides-
cence. Sternum, lip, and maxillae a rich reddish brown without
iridescence, the latter two with yellowish white tips. All legs reddish
brown with femora very dark; first pair darkest; all with numerous
lanceolate white hairs on dorsal surfaces and to some extent also
laterally. Palp: light reddish brown throughout; femur with many
white dorsal lanceolate hairs. Abdomen: dorsal area light brown
covered with many scales which give it considerable iridescence;
central part of dorsal area somewhat lighter than more lateral parts;
four pairs of smal] white spots beginning at about one third from base
and with last pair near posterior end; at each anterolateral corner
there is a short white stripe and behind this on each side are two
small white spots, the last one being just in front of the third dorsal
pair of white spots; lateral sides brownish with very narrow yellowish
stripes and a few iridescent scales; venter brown with an irregular
row of yellowish dots bordering it on each side and enclosing a pair
of somewhat obscure irregular yellowish dots near the center; genital
groove bounded in front by a narrow brownish band in front of which
the lung area is yellowish white except a central brownish stripe
enclosing a pair of irregular yellowish spots.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 343

Female allotype. Total length 8.32 mm. Carapace 4.10 mm. long,
3.71 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy forty-three fifty-ninths
of the width of carapace at their level, 2.56 mm. tall and, therefore, .69
as tall as wide; form essentially as in male except that angularity is
toned down in the female; other features essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a Jine
tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one tenth of the
diameter of ALE. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of
44 : 37, wider than middle row in ratio of 44:35. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of 11: 7. Total eye space occupies
about seven thirteenths of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 32 :16:3:15. AME separated from
one another by one eighth of their diameter, from ALE by three six-
teenths of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in
ratio of 10 : 17. Height of clypeus equal to one fourth the diameter of
AME. Clypeus decorated as in male except that all bristles are light
yellowish except the brownish medians.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical, robust; swollen in front; basal half of
basal segment covered with yellowish lanceolate hairs; with long yel-
lowish bristles along medial surface; distal half rugulose and greenish
iridescent; basal segment 1.92 mm. long; with a broad smooth area
contiguous to basal boss. Fang robust, especially in basal half, evenly
curved. Fang groove with two ordinary promarginal teeth and a
single simple retromarginal tooth of moderate size.

Mazxillae and Lip. Essentially as in male.

Sternum. Essentially as in male except that the ridged margin at
anterolateral corners is much reduced and the bevelled contiguous
areas are lacking.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 2.69 1.92 2.18 1.60 .96 9.35
D2, 2A 1.47 1.32 1.34 sOU 7.14
3. 2.30 1.32 1.15 1.41 Riis 7.05
4. 2.88 1.54 1.86 1.92 7 8.97

All legs with a moderate supply of yellowish hair, iridescent scales and
long and short black bristles. First pair of legs with a distinct fringe
much as in male; hairs on patellae, proximal ends of tibiae and meta-
tarsi yellowish white, elsewhere black. Palps with many yellowish
white erect hairs.

344 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Fig. 299.
Fig. 300.
Figs. 301-302.

Fig. 303.
Figs. 304-305.

Figs. 306-308.

External Anatomy of Spiders

Parnaenus recurvus Chickering; male carapace, lateral view.

P. recurvus Chickering; male cheliceral teeth.

P. recurvus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and parts of
palpal tibia and tarsus, retrolateral view, larger scale.

P. recurvus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Amycus peckhami Chickering; male chelicera, front view and
cheliceral teeth.

A. peckhami Chickering; male palp, palpal tibia and palpal
tibial apophysis.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 345

Spines. First leg: as in male except patella 0. Second leg: femur
and metatarsus as in male; patella prolateral 0-1-0 on right but 0 on
left; tibia as in male on left side but Ir-lr-2 on right. Third and
fourth as in male. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1.

Abdomen. As in male.

Epigynum. Posterior margin broadly but not deeply notched;
notch appears to open into a chamber; anterior two thirds contain
two elongated cavities separated by a flask-shaped septum (Fig. 303).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: light brown with many yellowish lance-
olate hairs; eyes on black spots; lateral sides and steep posterior
declivity somewhat darker; concentrations of the yellowish lanceolate
hairs mark out somewhat indefinitely the two posterolateral stripes so
conspicuous in male. Chelicerae light brownish with distal halves
much darker and iridescent. Sternum brownish, much streaked and
irregularly spotted with dark brown. Lip and maxillae dark brown
with yellowish white tips. Legs: first pair light yellowish brown with
femur darker except the distal end, tibia also darker; other legs yel-
lowish white with pale reddish brown markings the most definite of
which are at distal ends of femora, patellae, and tibiae especially the |
fourth. Palps yellowish white. Abdomen: dorsal area somewhat as in
male, central light stripe more definite and stripes lateral to this are
much darker and more definite; four pairs of dorsal white spots occur
but last pair is joined to lateral yellowish spots; base is dark brownish
below a yellowish basal band which continues dorsolaterally as a
yellowish stripe and joins the first of a series of three large yellowish
spots the last of which lies close to posterior end; lateral sides as in
male; venter as in male except the rows of dots are much more definite
and larger, especially the central ones which unite to make two rather
conspicuous stripes; thus the venter has a narrow central brown stripe,
then a pair of yellowish stripes, a pair of brown stripes and two
borders of yellowish dots.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype from Canal Zone
Biological Area, July, 1936. Paratypes of both sexes from: Canal Zone
‘Biological Area, June-July, 1934; July, 1936; June—Aug., 1939; Jan.—
Feb. 1940; El Valle, R. P., July, 1936; C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z.,
Aug., 1939; El Cermeno, R. P., Jan.—Feb., 1940.

Genus Puipippus C. Koch, 1846

Although it seems unlikely that Phidippus occurs in Panama the
genus must be included here because of F. Cambridge’s records. Only

346 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

one of his species is definitely recorded from Panama though another,
P. carneus Peckham, is recorded from Central America without
specific locality. :

PHIDIPPUS AUREOPILOSUS F. Cambridge, 1901

P. aureopilosus Petrunkevitch, 1911
P. aureopilosus Petrunkevitch, 1925

It seems to me probable that this species, known only from females,
belongs with males either unknown or assigned to the genus Para-
phidippus or Parnaenus. Cambridge had these from Bugaba, R. P.,
but they have not yet appeared in my collection.

Amycus Group
Key to the genera of the Amycus Group

1. First pair of tibiae with four pairs of ventral spines; first pair of metatarsi
with three pairs of ventral spines. Chelicerae: often greatly produced in
male; retromargin of fang groove with two teeth or with a single fissidentate
tooth (female). Height of clypeus less than half the diameter of AME.

Cobanus, (p. 357)
. Not with combination of characters given above....................-. 2Z
2. First pair of tibiae with three pairs of ventral spines; first pair of metatarsi
with two pairs of ventral spines; both sets distributed in usual manner.
Chelicerae: often considerably produced in males; retromargin of fang groove
with several teeth. Height of clypeus more than a full diameter of AME

' (except in spiralifer where it is little more than half a diameter of AME)
Amycus, (p. 346)
2. First pair of tibiae with three pairs of ventral spines, but two pairs crowded
into distal third, first pair near proximal end; first pair of metatarsi with
two pairs of ventral spines. PLE elevated on prominent tubercles. Cheli-
cerae; often somewhat produced and excavated medially in males; retro-
margin of fang groove with several teeth. Height of clypeus equal to more
than a full diameter of AME in males, but less than half a diameter in
HETRALES echoes aia ccr sake «karate ener mete oped amet es ete So mrane Titanattus, (p. 383)

—

Genus Amycus C. Koch, 1846

Petrunkevitch (’25) included seven species of Amycus in his list
of those probably occurring in Panama. Amycus pacatus Peckham was
simply reported from Central America without specific locality. Cam-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 347

bridge had suspicions that A. pacatus and A. hieroglyphicus Peckham
were the same. The type of A. pacatus is not now present in the Peck-
ham collection, but I have studied the type of A. hieroglyphicus and I
have drawn the tentative conclusion that they represent two distinct
but closely related species. However, A. pacatus is not included here
because of lack of definite record of its occurrence in Panama. I con-
sider A. palpinalis F. Cambridge a synonym of A. fallax Peckham.
Banks (29) recorded four species of Amycus from the Canal Zone
Biological Area, all recorded previously from Panama. I consider
both of the males identified by Mr. Banks as A. quadriguttatus F.
Cambridge to be A. fallax Peckham. The females are the same as I
have included in A. peckhami sp. nov. I have two species which I
consider new to science and I herewith give detailed descriptions of
both. With the changes which I have indicated, the list of species of
Amycus now known to occur in Panama may be listed as follows: A.
benignus (Peckham), A. fallax Peckham, A. hieroglyphicus Peckham,
A. peckhami sp. nov., A. quadriguttatus F. Cambridge, A. spiralifer
F. Cambridge, and A. zeteki sp. nov.

Key to the species of Amycus from Panama
Males

1. Chelicerae with a prominent hook at middle of outer margin of basal seg-
ment. Clypeus only a little more than half as high as diameter of AME.
Palp: patella and tibia short; embolus long, spiraloid, encircling the bulb—

A. spiralifer, (p. 354)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 2
2. Clypeus without a white spot, nearly all dark brown, especially ventral
half. Palp: patella longer than tibia, exclusive of apophysis, in ratio of
about 3:2; tibia about as long as tarsus; tarsal spine (embolus) long,
slender, ungrooved, distally expanded and notched.....A. fallax, (p. 349)

2. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 3
3. Clypeus without central white spot, light colored. Palp: tibia and patella
about equal in length, both short; tarsus longer than either tibia or patella

in ratio of about 5 : 3; tarsal spine (embolus) long, slender, curving from
base of bulb to anterior end where it is distinctly aculeate...............
A. benignus, (p. 348)

3. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 4
4. Clypeus with a central white brush, black in ventral half. Palp: patella
longer than tibia, exclusive of apophysis, in ratio of nearly 2 : 1; patella
longer than tarsus in ratio of about 8:7; tarsal spine (embolus) stout,
grooved ventrally from near its origin which is near middle of bulb on pro-
lateraltsides see ext at ene ese ete A. hieroglyphicus, (p. 349)

—_

o

348 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

4. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 5
5. (Taken from Cambridge’s work) Clypeus without a central white spot.
Palp: patella nearly as long as tibia and tarsus together; tibia and tarsus
about equal in length; tarsal spine (embolus) slender, ungrooved from its
origin on prolateral side of bulb near distal end to its aculeate tip........
A. quadriguttatus, (p. 354)

5. Not with combination of characters given above...................--- 6
6. Clypeus with a central white brush, black in ventral half. Palp: patella
longer than tibia, exclusive of apophysis, in ratio of about 5 : 3; tibia and
tarsus about equal in length; tarsal spine (embolus) stout, grooved from
near its origin which is near middle of bulb on prolateral side ............
A. zeteki, (p. 355)

6. Clypeus with a central white brush which reaches nearly to ventral border.
Palp: patella and tibia both long; patella longer than tibia in ratio of about

3 : 2; tibia longer than tarsus in ratio of about 16 : 13; tarsal spine (embolus)
arises near middle on prolateral side, moderately stout, grooved only near
distaltemd cepacia tecke Seventy ss eacher Rae eee A. peckhami, (p. 349)

Females

I have shown that the female considered by the Peckhams to belong
with the males of A. fallax is really a Cobanus. F. Cambridge thought
it highly probable that the female which the Peckhams placed with
males of A. hieroglyphicus belongs with his A. quadriguttatus. I have
numerous females so far unplaced and I am reasonably certain only
of the females of A. benignus and A. peckhami sp. nov. In view of the
great uncertainty regarding females no attempt will be made to separ-
ate them by means of a key until further knowledge is available.

AMYCUS BENIGNUS (Peckham), 1885

Triptolemus benignus Peckham, 1885

A. benignus Peckham, 1896

A. benignus F. Cambridge, 1901

A. benignus Petrunkevitch, 1911

A. benignus Petrunkevitch, 1925

A. benignus Banks, 1929

Lyssomonea saphes Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936

A. marjori is not now in the Peckham collection in the Museum of
Comparative Zoélogy and is probably lost. I have no doubt, however,
that the males described under this name belonged to A. benignus, as
first pointed out by F. Cambridge, but the females were something
else entirely different. I have the species from the following localities:
Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; July, 1936; June—Aug.,

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 349

1939; Ft. Davis, C. Z., Aug., 1936; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1939.

AMYCUS FALLAX Peckham, 1896

A. fallax F. Cambridge, 1901
A. palpinalis F. Cambridge, 1901
A. fallax Petrunkevitch, 1911
A. palpinalis Petrunkevitch, 1911
A. fallax Petrunkevitch, 1925
A. palpinalis Petrunkevitch, 1925

The single figure of the male palp of A. fallax Pk. served only to
show the tibial apophysis but not the important features of the tarsus.
I have carefully examined the Peckham types and compared them
with what is generally conceded to be A. palpinalis F. Camb. The
characters of the tibia and the tarsus are so unmistakable that I
believe it safe to establish the synonymy as it is given above. Appar-
ently Cambridge did not see the peculiar bifurcation at the tip of the
embolus in his A. palpinalis. It is very clear under a good light and is
well brought out in Petrunkevitch’s figures (25). The single female
mentioned in the Peckhams’ description of A. fallax is a Cobanus but
I have been unable to place it specifically. Its generic characters are
clear and definite. This species is in my collection from the following
localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1936; June—Aug.,
1939; Madden Dam region, C. Z., Aug., 1936. Both of Mr. Banks’
males from the Canal Zone Biological Area labelled A. quadriguttatus
belong to this species. The females probably go with A. peckhami
sp. nov.

AMYCUS HIEROGLYPHICUS Peckham, 1896

A. hieroglyphicus F. Cambridge, 1901
A. hieroglyphicus Petrunkevitch, 1911
A. hieroglyphicus Petrunkevitch, 1925

This species appears in my collection only from the Canal Zone
Biological Area, July, 1936; July-August, 1939.

AMYCUS PECKHAMI spec. nov.
Figs. 304-310

Male holotype. Total length 6.78 mm. Carapace 2.88 mm. long,
2.11 mm. wide at level of third eyes where it is widest and where eyes

350 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

occupy almost three fourths the width of the carapace; well rounded
along lateral sides; longitudinal thoracic groove begins between PLE;
with numerous bristles but none which seems to be particularly signifi-
cant. Carapace tall in true Amycus’‘style, almost exactly as tall as
wide (in some paratypes not quite as tall); with a prominent crest of
dark reddish hairs between ALE, procumbent in middle, erect at
lateral ends; a line at some distance from ventral margin extends from
posterior border to lateral regions of clypeus.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row strongly recurved. Anterior
row and posterior row equally wide, middle row not quite six sevenths
as wide as others. Quadrangle of laterals about five sevenths as long
as wide. Total eye space occupies about five ninths of the length of
the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 26:12:
4:13. AME separated from one another by one thirteenth of their
diameter, from ALE by three twenty-sixths of their diameter. Eyes
of second row closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 7 : 10. Clypeus
somewhat slanting forward. Height of clypeus equal to forty-five
twenty-sixths of the diameter of AME..

Chelicerae. Essentially parallel, vertical; considerably produced;
slightly widened opposite the promarginal tooth near medial end of
fang groove; basal segment 1.30 mm. long; somewhat flattened distally
on prolateral surface (Fig. 304); with a low outer ridge at distal end
of which is a short tooth. No boss visible. Fang robust, finely ser-
rated along inner border. Promargin of fang groove with a very robust
tooth near base of fang, a small tooth at the base of the fang, and a
tooth of moderate size at inner end of groove, and also a cusp just
medial to the large tooth; the retromargin with a row of six small
teeth increasing in size from near base of fang to inner end of groove
(Fig. 305). Some variation noted among paratypes in respect to retro-
marginal teeth, more in respect to relative size than in number,
however.

Mazillae. Essentially parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio
of almost 9 : 4; very concave along outer border; markedly drawn out
into distal angle; with a well developed silky scopula along truncature;
slightly excavated contiguous to lip.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of 14 : 11; distal border very con-
vex and much rounded; with a cluster of long stiff bristles not arranged
in a row; basal excavations reach about one third of length of organ;
basal third with cross striations and somewhat less ventral convexity
than in distal two thirds.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of about 25 : 21; with a strongly

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA Bull

chitinized complete margin; widest between third coxae; very blunt at
posterior end and not extended between fourth coxae which are separ-
ated by about three fifths of their width; quite convex; covered by
numerous long slender bristles.

Legs. 3142. Tibial index of first leg 11, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
iL, 2.37 L133 1.87 1.34 65 7.36
De 2.00 1.17 1.28 1.26 .64 6.35
3. 2.75 1.02 1.73 1.60 alee 7.87
4. 2.13 17 1.34 _ 1.60 .70 6.54
Palp ste 1.54 1.09 — 82 5.18

First leg somewhat the stoutest. With no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral 0-0-2, retro-
lateral 0-0-1; patella only ventral 0-110, id this is probably only an
occasional foie: tibia only prolateral 1-1-1, ventral 2-2-2; meta-
tarsus only ventral 2-2 (proximal pair half as long as segment).
Second leg: femur dorsal same as first except retrolateral 0-0-2;
patella 0; tibia same as first except ventral lr—2-2; metatarsus same
as first. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1—1-1, prolateral 0-1-2, retrolateral
only distal 1; patella only retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolatera] 0-1-1-0,
retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-lr; metatarsus prolateral 1—2, retro-
lateral] 1-1, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral
and retrolateral distal 1; patella as in third; tibia only retrolateral
0-1-1-1, ventral 0-0-1r; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1,
ventral 0. Considerable variation has been noted between the two
sides of the same animal as well as among paratypes.

Palp. Long and slender, femur nearly straight. Tibial apophysis a
stout spur much like that in A. zeteki sp. nov. and others. Tarsal
spine fairly stout, arises distal to middle of prolateral side of bulb,
curves retrolaterally very gradually, not geniculate, grooved only
near distal end (Figs. 306-308).

Abdomen. Slender, longer than wide in ratio of 11 : 5; widest near
base, tapers gradually to posterior end; anal tubercle a short broad
cone. Spinnerets all slender, anterior pair somewhat the most robust,
middle pair and posterior pair about equally slender and in a trans-
verse row. Four dorsal sigilla small and obscure. Colulus fairly clear
and visible as a small cone with a tuft of light colored bristles. Tracheal
spiracle near base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. One of the more deeply colored species. Legs:

302 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

first femora dark brownish except the yellowish dorsal proximal
halves of segment; second and third femora yellowish with brownish
distal thirds; fourth femora yellowish, only darkened at extreme distal
ends; other segments more or less indefinitely darkened; underparts
generally lighter. Palps yellowish with darker tarsi. Chelicerae a
deep amber. Carapace generally a reddish amber; with a dark irregu-
lar marginal line, widened in ventral part of clypeus; a large, snow
white, somewhat triangular hairy spot in center of clypeus; between
ALE and PLE is a large white spot; just anterior to thoracic groove is
a small white spot and just behind the groove is another much larger
white spot possibly connected with the small one in unrubbed speci-
mens. Abdomen: with a dark base which extends dorsolaterally on
each side as a broad, dark brown, almost black stripe; just posterior
to dark base is a white transverse dorsal band which is continuous with
a central white stripe to anal tubercle; venter with a central broad
dark stripe, somewhat narrowed posteriorly; laterally abdomen is
yellowish. Color is highly variable in all of the members of the genus.
In some specimens the abdominal stripes are broken into small spots;
in others reduced to narrow and shorter stripes. Not much depend-
ence can be placed upon color patterns as a guide to identification.

Female allotype. Total length 6.06 mm. Carapace 2.43 mm. long,
1.86 mm. wide opposite PLE which occupy slightly more than three
quarters of the width of carapace at that level, 1.60 mm. tal] and,
therefore, about .86 as tal] as wide; less rounded laterally than in male.
Otherwise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row strongly recurved. Anterior
row slightly wider than posterior row, middle row about five sixths as
wide as first row. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of
17 : 12. Total eye space occupies twenty-two thirty-sevenths of length
of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 26:11 :2.5
12. AME separated from one another by one twenty-sixth of their
diameter, from ALE by three thirteenths of their diameter. Eyes of
middle row closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 5 : 8. Clypeus not
notably convex or slanted forward as in male; ventral margin with a
shallow notch in middle; with three stiff bristles in lower angle between
AME; with a narrow transverse band of white hairs passing through
middle from side to side. Height of clypeus equal to eight thirds the
diameter of AME.

Chelicerae. Moderately robust, parallel, vertical; not produced as in
male; no boss visible. Fang moderately robust, evenly curved. Fang
groove with three promarginal teeth of moderate size, two close to-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA ove

gether, the other isolated near medial end of groove; retromargin with
five smaller teeth, increasing in size toward medial end of groove (Fig.
309).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in ratio of about 15 : 7; some-
what concave along outer border and somewhat dilated distally; not
drawn out into lateral angles as in male, outer distal corner well
rounded.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 19 : 15; anterior border nearly
straight, very slightly notched; basal third not striated as in male.
Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 3412. Tibial index of first leg 18, of fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)

ie 1.66 83 1.09 .84 5d 4.95
2. 1.60 76 OY 83 45 4.63
3. 2.30 83 1.19 1.08 08 5.98
4, 1.81 57 1.03 1.15 58 5.11

Otherwise essentially as in male.

Spines. First leg: femur as in male except retrolateral 0; patella 0;
tibia as in male except prolateral 1-0-1-0; metatarsus as in male.
Second leg: femur as in first of male; patella 0; tibia only prolateral
1-0-1-0, ventral 1r-2-2; metatarsus as in male. Third leg: femur as
in male except retrolateral 0; patella only retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia pro-
lateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-1r; metatarsus prolateral
1-2, retrolateral 1-1, ventral 2-Ir. Fourth leg: femur only dorsal
0-1-1-1; patella only retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia only retrolateral 0-1-1,
ventral 0-O0-lr; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 1-1, ventral
lyo=lbe,

Abdomen. Ovoid, more robust than in male; longer than wide in
ratio of 27 : 15; widest in basal fourth. Other features essentially as
in male.

Epigynum. A broad, strongly chitinized central lip lies below a
central opening; on each side near anterior margin appears a clear
oval area (Fig. 310).

Color in alcohol. All appendages yellowish. Carapace: generally a
light amber; all eyes on black spots except AME; a few white hairs
between ALE; above AME and around all other eyes are many scale-
like bright red hairs. Abdomen: generally yellowish white; with two

354 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

small dorsal black spots near base; with two narrow dorsal black
stripes extending through posterior three fifths; and two smal] dark
spots on venter just a short distance in front of base of spinnerets.
This color pattern is highly variable among paratypes and very unreli-
able as a means of identification.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1936; female allotype from the same area, Aug., 1939. Many
paratypes from the following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area,
June-July, 1934; July—Aug., 1936; Aug., 1939; Balboa, C. Z., July,
1936; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936.

AMYCUS QUADRIGUTTATUS F. Cambridge, 1901

A. quadriguttatus Petrunkevitch, 1911
A. quadriguttatus Petrunkevitch, 1925

I have two females from the Canal Zone Biological Area, Aug.,
1936 and June, 1939, whose epigyna closely resemble those in this
species described by F. Cambridge. There may be doubt about the
correct placement of these specimens. Males have not yet appeared
in my collection. I have commented on Banks’ identification of this
species on an earlier page.

AMYCUS SPIRALIFER F. Cambridge, 1901

A. spiralifer Petrunkevitch, 1911
A. spiralifer Petrunkevitch, 1925
A. spiralifer Banks, 1929:

This species is very unlike others from Panama. It has a relatively
low clypeus; the order of legs is 1432; the palpal patella is short; the
palpal tibia is short and broad; the palpal tarsus with its long coiled
embolus is totally different from the others known to me; other less
important differences are numerous. The species seems to occupy
some such position in the genus Amycus as Corythalia sulphurea does
in the genus Corythalia. It seems probable that it will be removed to
another genus when this group is studied more carefully.

The species appears in my collections from the following localities:
Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; July—Aug., 1936; June-
Aug., 1939; Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Ft. Davis, C. Z., Aug.,
1936; Madden Dam region, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA sf)

AMYCUS ZETEKI spec. nov.
Figures 311-315

Male holotype. Total length 7.45 mm. Carapace 3.35 mm. long,
2.69 mm. wide opposite PLE which occupy three fourths of the width
of the carapace at that level, 2.31 mm. tall and, therefore, about five-
sixths as tall as wide; well rounded along lateral sides; broad at poste-
rior border; median longitudinal thoracic groove begins just in front
of posterior border of PLE; with numerous bristles but a line of about
eight below PLE seems to be characteristic; with a prominent crest of
dark reddish hair between ALE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row strongly recurved. Anterior
row only very slightly wider than posterior row, middle row nine
elevenths as wide as anterior row. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of about 3 : 2. Total eye space occupies almost exactly
half the Jength of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :
PLE = 11 : 4.75 :1.5 : 4.5. AME separated from one another by
one thirty-second of their diameter, from ALE by one sixteenth of
their diameter. Eyes of second row closer to ALE than to PLE in
ratio of 7 : 12. Clypeus somewhat slanted forward, well rounded in
front; height equal to twenty-three elevenths of the diameter of AME.

Chelicerae. Essentially parallel, vertical, considerably produced;
gradually widened from base to opposite smaller of the promarginal
teeth; basal segment 1.78 mm. long; much as in A. hieroglyphicus
Peckham. If boss is present it is concealed. Fang robust, finely
serrated along inner margin; prolateral surface considerably flattened,
apparently where it moves against the large prolateral tooth. Pro-
margin of fang groove with a very robust, flattened tooth about two
fifths from base of fang and a small tooth near medial end of fang
groove, a low ridge also extends from large tooth nearly to small one;
retromargin of fang groove with a row of six teeth (five on right side)
gradually increasing in size from opposite large tooth to near medial
end of fang groove.

Mazxillae. Longer than wide in middle in ratio of nearly 3 : 1; very
strongly notched in middle of outer border; dilated distally and drawn
out into a pronounced lateral angle; with well developed silky scopula
along truncature; slightly excavated contiguous to lip.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of 36 : 25; distal border gently
rounded; with a few long stiff bristles with outer ends procurved; basal
quarter with cross striations; basal excavations reach about three
sevenths of length of organ. Sternal suture mildly procurved.

356 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 16 : 13; with a strongly chit-
inized complete margin; widest between intervals separating second
and third coxae; very blunt posteriorly and not extended between
fourth coxae which are separated by about one third of their diameter;
moderately convex (Fig. 311).

Legs. 3124. Tibial index of first leg 13, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)

il, 2.75 WAG ys BEY We .70 9.02
2. 2.62 1.28 1.92 1.47 70 7.99
a 3.33 1.28 1.98 1.95 .90 9.44
4. 2.62 83 1.57 1.86 .70 7.58
Palp 2.05 1.60 1.02 = 1:05 5.72

Legs with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2, retro-
latera] distal 1; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral
1-1-1, ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only ventral 2—2. Second leg: as in
first except tibia ventral lr—2—2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1—-1-1, pro-
lateral O-O-1-2, retrolateral only distal 1; patella only retrolateral
0-1-0; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral O—Ip—lr;
metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-0-2, ventra] 2-2. Fourth leg:
femur dorsal] 0-1—-1-1, prolatera] and retrolateral 0-O0—-0-1; patella as
in third; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-1—-1-0; ventral 0—O-Ir;
metatarsus dorsal Ir—O-2, prolateral 1-0-1, ventral 0—O-Ir.

Palp. Long and slender; femur nearly straight; patella longer than
tibia in ratio of about 8 : 5; tarsus only slightly longer than tibia;
tibial apophysis a stout spur; tarsal spine a stout, deeply grooved
canal arising near middle of the prolateral side of bulb and extending
nearly straight for first half and then bent toward retrolateral side
where it terminates near the middle just beyond anterior border of
bulb. This can hardly be the embolus which I believe to be hidden
(Figs. 312-315).

Abdomen. Slender, longer than wide in ratio of 60 : 27, widest near
or at base, blunt at posterior end. Spinnerets very slender, rather
long anterior pair only slightly more robust, middle pair not concealed
by others, middle and posterior pairs show from dorsal side in trans-
verse row; four small sigilla near middle of dorsum; colulus represented
by a small tuft of black bristles; tracheal spiracle near base of spin-
nerets.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 357

Color in alcohol. All appendages various shades of amber, femora
and tarsi lightest of all segments in legs. Carapace generally a rich
amber, darker above, eyes on black spots; a prominent crest of dark
reddish hairs between ALE; in the middle just behind the crest is a
small white spot and farther back just at posterior end of longitudinal
groove is another small white spot. The whole clypeal region has a
striking color pattern: reddish amber above gradually becoming black
below, just below interval between AME is a snow white, somewhat
triangular spot. Abdomen: with a light colored base; a pale brownish
dorsolateral stripe begins near base and continues to spinnerets; just
beyond the middle the brownish stripe extends dorsally and is then
separated from its mate on the opposite side by a narrow white median
stripe; enclosed within the dorsal parts of the brownish dorsolateral
stripes are two pairs of darker spots.(in some specimens there are three
pairs or they may all run together and merge with the stripe). Ster-
num and venter light yellowish.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1936. Two paratypes from the same locality, July, 1936.

Genus CoBANus F. CAMBRIDGE, 1900

F. Cambridge (00) recognized four species of Cobanus from
Panama as follows: C. extensus (Peckham), C. flavens (Peckham),
C. mandibularis (Peckham), and C. unicolor F. Cambridge. Petrunke-
vitch (25) reported C. subfuscus F. Cambridge from Panama and
gave a detailed description of the male. Banks (729) reported C.
extensus (Pk.), C. mandibularis (Pk.), and C. subfuscus F. Cambridge,
all from the Canal Zone Biological Area. The male identified by Mr.
Banks as C. extensus (Peckham) I am obliged to consider a specimen
of C. electus sp. nov. C.erythrocras Chamberlin and Ivie is very diffi-
cult to place properly among the species from this region because the
important features are so incompletely described. In my study of this
genus I have been compelled to recognize six new species from this
region. We may, therefore, list the species now probably known from
Panama as follows: Cobanus cambridgei sp. nov.; C. bifurcatus sp. nov. ;
C. electus sp. nov.; C. erythrocras Chamberlin and Ivie; C. extensus
(Peckham); C. flavens (Peckham); C. incurvus sp. nov.; C. mandi-
bularts (Peckham); C. obscurus sp. nov.; C. seclusus sp. nov.; C.
subfuscus F. Cambridge; C. unicolor F. Cambridge.

358 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

—

x]

Key to the species of Cobanus from Panama

Males

. Palpal femur and sometimes also palpal patella with a dorsal crest of white

. Palpal femur and palpal patella without dorsal crest.................. 6
. Chelicerae usually moderately produced, with a large tooth on prolateral

side near base of fang (suppressed in some individuals); palpal tarsus equal
in length to palpal tibia; circle at distal end of bulb equal in diameter to
one hindloflenethvotbulbpee ase eee e oe eee C. electus, (p. 369)

. Not with combination of characters given above...........-..-..--.-- 3
. Chelicerae highly variable; when produced, without any large tooth on pro-

lateral side near base of fang; both femur and patella of palp with a well
developed dorsal crest of white hair; palpal tarsus longer than palpal tibia
in ratio of about 5 : 4; embolus distinctly bifurcate at tip................

C. bifurcatus, (p. 364)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................-. 4
. Usually with chelicerae not much produced, sometimes strongly so; without

tooth on prolateral side near base of fang; palpal femur with a snow white
dorsal crest which continues only slightly onto patella; diameter of circle
at distal end of bulb almost half as long as bulb. ..C. cambridget, (p. 360)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 5
. Chelicerae probably highly variable, but typically strongly developed;

without tooth at base of fang on prolateral side; palpal femur only with
white dorsal crest; palpal tarsus shorter than palpal tibia in ratio of about
8:9; palpal tibial apophysis with a beak-like tip; diameter of circle at
distal end of bulb about two fifths as long as bulb....C. extensus, (p. 374)

. Chelicerae typically strongly produced; with a large tooth on prolateral

side at base of fang; probably both femur and patella of palp with white
dorsal crest; palpal tarsus about equal in length to that of palpal tibia;
palpal tibial apophysis a slender, nearly straight, divergent spur; diameter
of circle at distal end of bulb only about one fourth as long as bulb.......

C. erythrocras, (p. 374)

. Chelicerae usually strongly produced; with a large tooth on prolateral side

near base of fang; fang with a tooth on inner margin; palpal tarsus slightly
longer than palpal tibia... ...---2-4--.-:..---; C. mandibularis, (p. 377)

. Not with combination of characters given above.....................- i
. Chelicerae not usually strongly produced, but perhaps variable; embolus

clefivalmostitomts base. we wae seme Ae mie C. subfuscus, (p. 382)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................--. 8
. Chelicerae usually strongly produced; retromarginal teeth near together,

fairly close to base of fang; palpal tibia longer than palpal patella in ratio
of about 4 : 3, tarsus only slightly longer than tibia. . .C. unicolor, (p. 382)

8.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 359

Chelicerae usually not strongly produced; embolus accompanied by a
second spine close to cymbium; tibial palpal apophysis terminate in two
sharp points; palpal tibia only slightly longer than palpal patella; palpal
tarsus longer than palpal tibia in ratio of about 5 :4..C. flavens, (p. 374)

Females

It is very difficult to make a good key for use with the females of

Cobanus. I have been compelled to use characters which are some-
what obscure, but they are the best I can find.

il,

—

Epigynal plate completely divided into halves, nearly twice as wide as long;
large spermathecae with long axis parallel to long axis of body, close together
in center; openings near small excurved lines which occur close to middle
oleeachehalf of platens). 420 ssh ahs oes c cise eer C. cambridgei, (p. 360)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................05. 2
. Epigynal plate incompletely divided into halves, considerably less than twice

as wide as long; large spermathecae with long axis transverse to long axis
of body, close together but nearer posterior border; openings near diagonally
placed lines in anterior part of plate.............. C. bifurcatus, (p. 364)

. Not with combination of characters given above.................0005. 3
. Epigynal plate completely divided into halves, about two thirds as long as

wide; with spermathecae smaller and at posterolateral corners of plate,
associated with more medial tubules; openings along obliquely placed,
curved lines which also lie near posterolateral corners. .C. electus, (p. 369)

. Not with combination of characters given above....................-- 4
. Epigynal plate about two thirds as long as wide, with a distinct anterior

margin; spermathecae partly divided, lying partly outside of lateral boun-

-daries of plate; openings near lines which lie near lateral margins of plate

and parallel to long axis of body................... C. obscurus, (p. 377)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................--- 5
. Epigynal plate about nine elevenths as long as wide, completely divided;

large spermathecae at posterolateral corners of plate and partly outside of
its boundaries; openings near lines which lie diagonally at posterolateral

Corners Ofsplater eased Ve Ee alk eee oT C. incurvus, (p. 375)
. Not with combination of characters given above...................-5: 6
. Epigynal plate almost exactly two thirds as long as wide, completely di-

vided into halves; large spermathecae far apart and slightly outside of plate;
openings near short, irregular lines which lie close to posterior border of
plate, fairly close to center...................000.. C. seclusus, (p. 380)

. Epigynal plate wider than long in ratio of about 3 : 2, completely divided

and with anterior margin; each large spermatheca near center of its own
half of plate; openings near obliquely placed, curved lines which connect
withvanterion bound arieses use se yor ants eens henson C. flavens, (p. 374)

360 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

COBANUS CAMBRIDGEI spec. nov.
Figures 316-321

Male holotype. Total length 4.58 mm. Carapace 2.43 mm. long,
1.79 mm. wide opposite third row of eyes which occupy seventy-three
eightieths of width of carapace at their level; interocular region slightly
convex; rises considerably from AME to just in front of PLE, then
descends gently to a little behind median longitudinal thoracic groove
and then steeply to posterior border; having the usual form for the
genus; with no tufts of hair on cephalic area.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line from
dorsal borders of AME cuts off about the dorsal fourth of ALE.
Anterior row longer than posterior row in ratio of 78 : 73. Middle row
shorter than posterior row in ratio of 70 : 73. Quadrangle of laterals
wider than long in ratio of 39 : 22. Total eye space occupies eighteen
thirty-sevenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE :
PME : PLE = 24:14 :4:13.5. AME separated from one another
by one twentieth of their diameter, from ALE by one tenth of their
diameter. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of 10 : 17.
Height of clypeus equal to one fourth the diameter of AME.

Chelicerae. Nearly parallel, nearly vertical; fairly robust but not
much produced; basal segment .67 mm. long; with no basal boss visible.
Fang slender and evenly curved. Fang groove with two rather small
promarginal teeth and two somewhat larger retromarginal teeth (Fig.
316). Considerable variation noted among paratypes in respect to
degree of development of chelicera. When considerably developed
cheliceral teeth have appearance shoWn in Fig. 317.

Mazillae. Parallel; moderately concave along outer border; con-
siderably dilated distally; longer than wide in middle in ratio of 28 :
15; outer distal corner well rounded; with well developed scopula
along truncature; not excavated contiguous to lip.

Lip. Wider at base than long in ratio of about 6 : 5; basal excava-
tions reach about one third of length of organ; narrowed from distal
ends of excavations to distal end which is slightly less than one third
as broad as base. Sternal suture slightly procurved.

Sternum. Generally scutiform; widest opposite interval between
first and second coxae, almost as wide between second and third;
longer than wide in ratio of 15 : 11; faintly and narrowly margined;
quite convex especially in middle third; posterior end blunt and not
extended between fourth coxae which are separated by five seven-
teenths of their width.

” CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA “361

Fig. 309.
Fig. 310.
Fig. 311.

Figs. 312-315.
Figs. 316-317.

Figs. 318-319.

Fig. 320.
Fig. 321.

Figs. 322-323.

External Anatomy of Spiders

Amycus peckhami Chickering; female cheliceral teeth.

A. peckhami Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

A. zeteki Chickering; sternum.

A. zeteki Chickering; male palp: patella; tibia and tarsus, ven-
tral view; tarsal spine and tibial apophysis, larger scale.

Cobanus cambridge Chickering; male cheliceral teeth of holo-
type and paratype.

C. cambridgei Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and tibial
apophysis, retrolateral view.

C. cambridgei Chickering; female cheliceral teeth.

C. cambridgei, Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

C. bifurcatus Chickering; male chelicera of holotype and cheli-
ceral teeth of male paratype.

362 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY ~

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 14, of fourth leg 12.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

i 173" .90 1.41 1.09 .70 5.83
DD, 1.30 72 1.02 83 63 4.50
ay 1.73 Mii 1.02 Lea 57 5.30
4. 1.66 70 1.08 1.22 57 5.30
Palp Al 33 40 == eens 1.99

First leg most robust, femur not notably enlarged as in C. electus sp.
nov.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 1;
elsewhere 0; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral 1-0-1 on
left side (0-1-0 on right), retrolatera]l 0-1-0, ventral 2-2-2-2 (second
and third on promargin offset and staggered); metatarsus prolateral
and retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2-2-2. Second leg: femur as in first
except retrolateral distal 1; patella as in first; tibia only prolateral
1-1-0, ventral 2—lr-2-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-0-1, retrolateral
0-0-2, ventral 2—2-2 (second pair offset laterally). Third leg: femur as
in second; patella only retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral and retro-
lateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-2; metatarsus prolateral 1-0-2, retrolateral
1-1-0-2, ventra] 0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur as in third; patella only
prolateral 0-1-0, retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolatera] 0-1-1, retrolateral
1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2,
ventral 1p-O-2. Palpal spines apparently 0.

Palp. Both patella and tibia short; tibia longer than patella in
ratio of about 18 : 13; tarsus longer than tibia in ratio of about 25 :
18; femur with a snow white crest over distal three fifths of dorsal
surface which continues slightly onto patella; tibial apophysis a single
simple spur, somewhat twisted; diameter of circle at distal end of bulb
almost half as great as length of bulb (Figs. 318-319).

Abdomen. Small in proportion to size of cephalothorax. Generally
scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 33 : 20, widest about the middle,
fairly broad at base; spinnerets as usual in the genus; position of
colulus indicated by a group of about seven black bristles; tracheal
spiracle near base of spinnerets, guarded by a low tubercle bearing a
black spot and a cluster of many stiff bristles which suggests the spirac-
ular lobe found in other genera by O. Cambridge (’98), Chickering,
(37), and Bryant (’40) in Agobardus. Some species of Cobanus have
this tubercle while others do not. C. unicolor is one which has it.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 363

Color in alcohol. Chelicerae, maxillae, and sternum all with variable
shades of light amber color. Palps light brownish above, light amber
_ below, except the snow white crest on femur as already noted. First
leg: patella and tarsus yellowish; femur, tibia, and metatarsus amber
with prolateral and retrolatera] surfaces of femur distinctly reddish,
no white prolateral patch on patella, brownish annulations at patellar-
tibial joint. Second leg like the first except lighter. Third and fourth
legs light amber with dark annulations at patellar-tibial joints and at
both ends of metatarsus. Carapace a bright reddish amber, somewhat
lighter low on the sides, with eyes on connected black spots. Coxae
and sternum light amber. Abdomen light yellowish at base; a some-
what broken median yellowish stripe embracing several dark chevrons
in posterior half; a broken brownish stripe on each side of median
light one; lateral sides yellowish with brownish streaks; venter gener-
ally yellowish bordered Jaterally by a narrow broken brownish stripe,
in region of spiracular tubercle is a brownish band.

Female allotype. ‘Total length 5.44 mm. Carapace 2.30 mm. long,
1.66 mm. wide at level of third row of eyes which occupy seventy-two
seventy-sevenths of width at that level; of usual Cobanus form; high-
est in region of PLE where it is 1.26 mm. tall and, therefore, about
three fourths as tall as wide. Short median longitudinal thoracic
groove as usual in the genus.

Eyes. Anterior row recurved so that a line from dorsal borders of
AME cuts off about one seventh of the diameter of ALE. Anterior
row longer than posterior row in ratio of 75:72. Total eye space
occupies almost three fifths of the length of carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 24:15:3:14. Otherwise essentially
as in male.

Chelicerae. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth as in male; a
single relatively large fissidentate tooth representing two of the male
teeth fused (confirmed in paratypes). Otherwise essentially as in male
(Fig. 320).

Mazxiliae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi _ Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
IL, 1.30 70 .89 17 45 4.11
2: Pil 74 sth) 74 45 3.89
3, 1.47 76 .90 .96 51 4.60
4. 1.53 .65 .96 122 258 4.89

364 _ BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Spines. First leg: as in male except_tibia only prolateral 1-1-0,
ventral 2-2-2 (offset as in male)—2. Second leg: femur as in first except
prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia
as in male; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2—2-2
with second pair offset dorsally. Third leg: femur as in second of male;
patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral and retro-
lateral 0-1-1, ventral 0-lp-—2; metatarsus dorsal 1-0, prolateral and
retrolateral 1-2, ventral 2-2. Fourth leg: femur only dorsal 0-O-1-1-1,
retrolateral distal 1; patella as in third; tibia prolateral 0-1-1, retro-
Jatera] 1-1-1, ventral as in third; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral
1-1-2, ventral 1p-—1 in middle.

Abdomen. Much more robust than in male; ovoid, longer than wide
in ratio of 50 : 33, widest near middle; spiracular tubercle present but
much smaller than in male. Otherwise as in male.

Epigynum. Of usual pattern; wider than long in ratio of nearly 2 : 1;
spermathecae large and close together centrally (Fig. 321); openings
near small excurved lines which occur near middle of each half of
plate. .

Color in alcohol. All appendages yellowish, with faint annulations
on most legs, somewhat darker above. Carapace very similar to that
of male, with an additional light streak from thoracic groove to poste-
rior border. Abdomen like that of male except the color is darker and
the pattern somewhat more definite; color spread over greater area on
venter with mottling and broken stripes.

Paratypes. Among the male paratypes are some which show much
elongated front legs and greatly produced chelicerae. These paratypes
should be carefully studied.

Type locality. Male holotype, female allotype, several male para-
types, two female paratypes from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

COBANUS BIFURCATUS spec. nov.
Figures 322-325

This is another species in which the secondary sexual characters of
males vary widely. I have males with nearly normal chelicerae and
others with strongly produced basal segments while still others are
intermediate in various degrees. Those with well developed secondary
characters seem to be the most common in this species and, for this
reason, the holotype male is selected from among this group.

Male holotype. Total length 5.70 mm. Carapace 2.69 mm. long,

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 365

2.30 mm. wide at level of interval betewen PME and PLE where a
mild bulge occurs; somewhat convex between PME and only slightly
depressed between PLE which occupy nearly nine tenths of width at
that level; no tufts of hair on cephalic area, but reddish scale-like hair
lies around all eyes, especially AME; 1.79 mm. tall and, therefore, a
little more than three fourths as tall as wide; rises considerably to
highest point opposite interval between second and third row of eyes,
then gently arches to posterior declivity which begins at a small irreg-
ular white spot; all coxae plainly visible from above; a short median
longitudinal thoracic groove as usual in the genus.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row of eyes recurved so that a
straight line from dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one eighth
of the dorsal part of ALE. Anterior row only slightly wider than poste-
rior row. Middle row shorter than posterior row in ratio of 83 : 89.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of about 3 : 2. Total
eye space occupies about ten seventeenths of length of carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME : ALE: PME : PLE = 30:17 :4.5:17. AME
separated from one another by one fifteenth of their diameter, from
ALE by one tenth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to PLE than
to ALE in ratio of 4 : 5. Height of clypeus equal to one fifth the diam-
meter of AME. No special decorations on clypeus, the usual three
bristles in lower angle between AME present.

Chelicerae. Strongly produced; very divergent after the first fourth;
somewhat porrect; finely and transversely rugulose; with a shallow
irregular groove extending diagonally across prolateral surface; fang
long, slender, very sinuous. Promargin of fang groove with a very low
tubercle but no tooth near base of fang, two small teeth near inner
end of groove; two retromarginal teeth, one large and curved near
base of fang, the other small and near middle; with no boss visible
(Fig. 322). The paratype males with only slightly developed chelicerae
have teeth very similar to those iJJustrated by F. Cambridge in the

ease of C. flavens (Fig. 323).

_ Mazillae. Essentially parallel; quite concave along outer margin;
longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 2 : 1; somewhat dilated
distally; outer distal corner rounded; with well developed scopula
along truncature and a part of medial edge.

Lip. Wider at base than Jong in ratio of about 11 : 10; basal excava-
tions reach about one third of length of organ; reaches to about middle
of maxillae; distal end gently concave and about half as wide as base.
Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. In general scutiform. Longer than wide in ratio of 5 : 4,

366 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

widest opposite second coxae; only mildly convex; very narrowly
marginate; truncated narrowly and squarely at posterior end and not
extended between fourth coxae which are separated by about one
fifth of their width.

Legs. 1342. Tibial index of first leg 11, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)
1 2.62 1.41 2.60 2.09 .88 9.60
De 1.92 1.02 1.15 1.28 .64 6.01
oe 2.05 1.02 1.28 1.63 .63 6.61
4. 1.92 .83 1LZal 1.66 .62 6.24
Palp 1.09 45 58 — .70 2.82

First leg with a well developed fringe as follows: on dorsal surface of
femur and a trace of one on retromargin of ventral] surface in distal
half; ventral surface of tibia and metatarsus. A fringe somewhat like
this occurs also in C. unicolor, but it is not so well developed in that —
species. First coxae nearly twice as long as any other.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2, retro-
Jateral distal 1; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral
1-1-0, ventral 2-2 (staggered)-2-2; metatarsus prolateral and retro-
lateral 0-0-1, ventral 2-2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first;
tibia only prolateral 1-1-1-0, retrolateral 0-0-1-0, ventral 2-0-2 (stag-
gered)-2; metatarsus only prolateral 1-0-1, retrolateral 0-0-1, ven-
tral 2-1r-2. Third leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia dorsal 1-0-0,
prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-2; metatarsus dorsal
1p-0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-2-2. Fourth leg:
femur and patella as in first except femur prolateral distal 1; tibia as
in third; metatarsus dorsal 1p—0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2,
ventral] 1p—O-lp. No spines observed on palp.

Palp. Femur strongly curved as usual, with a snow white dorsal
crest over distal three fourths; patella short and also covered dorsally
with a continuation of the white crest of the femur; tibia longer than
patella in ratio of a little less than 4 : 3, with a simple spur for retro-
lateral apophysis; tarsus longer than tibia in ratio of nearly 5 : 4,
diameter of circle at distal end of bulb almost equal in length to that
of bulb; embolus distinctly bifurcate at tip (Fig. 324).

Abdomen. Ovoid; rather small; longer than wide in ratio of 22 : 13,
widest about two fifths from base which is squarely truncate; with a
mildly developed tubercle just anterior to tracheal spiracle which lies

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 367

near base of spinnerets which are normal to genus; position of colulus
indicated by a small cluster of black bristles.

Color in alcohol. Palpal femur and patella white from dorsal crests;
proximal end of tibiae yellowish white, elsewhere together with tarsus
reddish brown. Chelicerae dark reddish brown; maxillae and lip a
little lighter, with yellowish tips. Sternum reddish brown. First pair
of legs; patella and tarsus yellowish; tibia and metatarsus reddish
brown; femur the same as the latter but darker. Second leg yellowish
except the femur which is brownish. Other legs different shades of
yellowish. Carapace bright reddish brown, darker around ventral
margin; eyes on connected black spots with considerable red hair
around them; an irregular white spot, made by scales which are loosely
attached and easily rubbed off, at some distance behind thoracic
groove. Abdomen: whole dorsum with many small iridescent scales
giving a bright golden sheen; generally yellowish with an indefinite
series of small brownish spots which faintly outline a lighter central
stripe flanked on each side by a faint broken brownish stripe; venter
dusky with faintly outlined rows of brownish spots and many dots.

Female allotype. Total length 5.12 mm. Carapace 2.30 mm. long,
1.73 mm. wide at level of posterior eyes which occupy nearly full width
of carapace at that level; tallest in region of third row of eyes where it
is 1.22 mm. tall and, therefore, about twelve seventeenths as tall as
wide; with a short median longitudinal thoracic groove as usual in
the genus.

Eyes. Seen from in front, recurvature of anterior row considerably
less than in male, so that a line from dorsal borders of AME lies about
one seventh of diameter of ALE above the latter. All eyes more or less
surrounded with white scale-like hairs. Anterior row wider than poste-
rior row in ratio of 78 : 75. Quadrangle of laterals wider than Jong
in ratio of nearly 5:3. Total eye space occupies four sevenths of
length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 25:
14.5: 3:13. Height of clypeus equal to one fifth the diameter of
AME.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical; fairly robust but not produced as in
male; no boss visible; somewhat swollen in front. Fang fairly robust,
evenly curved. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth and a single
fissidentate retromarginal tooth very similar to that in the female of
C. cambridgei sp. nov.

Mazillae. Essentially like those in male except outer concavity 1s
less marked and they are not as long as in that sex.

Inp and Sternum. Essentially as in male.

368 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patella Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

i 1.28 stl 90 Ue 50 4.17
2. 1.15 .70 ST 70 AT 3.79
3. 1.47 08 83 1.09 Ol 4.48
4. 1.35 .70 1.02 1.15 Ol 4.73

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2, retro-
lateral distal 1; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral
1-1-0, ventral 2—2-2(offset)—2; metatarsus only prolateral and retro-
lateral 0-0-1, ventral 2-2-2. Second leg: femur as in first; patella as
in first except retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia as in first except ventral
2-1r-2-2; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur and patella as in
second; tibia dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral
0-1p-—lr—-2; metatarsus dorsal 1-0-0, prolateral 1—2, retrolateral 1-1,
ventral 0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella as in second and third;
tibia as in third except ventral 1p—lp-2; metatarsus dorsal 1-0-0,
prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventra] 0-lp-lp. —

Abdomen. Ovoid, more robust than in male; longer than wide in
ratio of 43 : 30; widest in middle; tubercle just anterior to tracheal
spiracle much less conspicuous than in male. Otherwise essentially as
in that sex.

Epigynum. Of usual form in the genus but incompletely divided
centrally; about two thirds as long as wide; with large oval sperma-
thecae (Fig. 325).

Color in alcohol. Palps light yellowish. All legs light amber with
numerous darker spots. Carapace: generally light reddish brown;
interocular area darker, eyes on connected black spots; lateral sides
lighter, with ventral margin darker; an irregular white spot just behind
thoracic groove; extending down posterior declivity is a broad light
stripe and on each side of this is a narrower dark stripe. Abdomen:
with a fairly definite color pattern; a median dorsal light stripe, narrow
in front, widest in middle, narrowing somewhat in posterior half where
there is a series of six or seven brownish chevrons; on each side of
median light stripe is a broad broken brownish stripe extending the
full length of abdomen; lateral sides with short narrow brownish
stripes; venter dusky in middle and spotted finely with dots laterally.

Type locality. Male holotype, female allotype, and several para-
types of both sexes from Madden Dam region, C. Z., Aug., 1939; one
male paratype from E] Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 369

COBANUS ELECTUS spec. nov.
Figures 326-330

Male holotype. Total length 6.27 mm. Carapace 3.01 mm. long,
2.24 mm. wide just below middle eyes where an unusual fulness
occurs; PLE occupy forty-four forty-ninths of width of carapace at
that level; cephalic interocular region depressed centrally but bulging
a little just medial to ALE and PME; outline in profile best shown in
Fig. 326; 1.73 mm. tall and, therefore, a Jittle more than three fourths
as tall as wide; with no tufts of hair on cephalic region; with deposits
of white guanin beneath chitin over whole interocular area; with short
median longitudinal thoracic groove between posterior borders of PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row strongly recurved with
dorsal borders of AME just slightly dorsal to centers of ALE. Ante-
rior row almost exactly as wide as posterior row. Middle row about
eight ninths as wide as other rows. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 22 : 15. Total eye space occupies a Jittle more than one
half the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE: PME :
PLE = 28 :17 : 4.5 : 16.5. AME separated from one another by one
eighteenth of their diameter, from ALE by twice as far. Middle eyes
closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of about 12 : 17. Height of cly-
peus equal to about one third of the diameter of AME, Clypeus
decorated only with a few white scales which extend onto cheek
region, three long bristles in lower angle between AME. Whole ocular
region with isolated long stiff bristles but with no tufts of hair.

Chelicerae. Quite porrect, robust and produced; basal fourth of
basal segment parallel, remainder strongly divergent; fang groove
somewhat excavated, considerably flattened and transversely rugulose,
with a large tooth on each side near base of fang, two other small pro-
marginal teeth just at end of groove, and another of moderate size on
retromargin about the middle (Fig. 327). Not much variation occurs
among the three males of this species in my collection in respect to
size of chelicerae.

Mazxillae. Parallel, deeply notched in middle of outer border;
longer than wide in middle in ratio of 42 :17; somewhat dilated
apically; outer distal corner rounded, not drawn out into a hook; not
excavated contiguous to lip; with well developed scopula along trunca-
ture and extended toward base along medial border.

Inp. Only slightly longer than wide; as wide in middle as at base;
regularly rounded at distal end; basal excavations reach about one
third of length of organ. Sternal suture slightly recurved.

370 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Sternum. Generally scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 11 : 8;
with a narrow complete margin; widest between second coxae; quite
convex; sparsely covered with stiff bristles; with blunt posterior end
not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by about half
their diameter.

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 12, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

Is 2.18 1.22 2.01 1.66 74 7.81
2. 1.86 .96 1.28 1.34 63 6.07
3. 1.86 .90 1.48 1.73 E(All 6.68
4. 1.98 .90 1.57 1.98 17 7.20
Palp 1.15 .64 ail = a0, 3.33

First leg most robust, with femur quite considerably enlarged and
dorsally arched. Third femur with slight swelling on ventral surface
about one third of length of segment from distal end. First coxa
longest and most robust.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 1;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral 1-O-O (a paratype has
1-1-0), ventral 2—2-2—2 (second and third on promargin offset pro-
laterally); metatarsus only ventral 2-2-2. Second leg: femur and
patella as in first except femur retrolateral distal 1; tibia only pro-
lateral 1-1-0, ventra] 1r—2—2—2 (third on promargin offset prolaterally) ;
metatarsus only prolateral 1-1, ventra] 2-lr-2. Third leg: femur
dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2, retrolatera] distal 1; patella as
in first; tibia prolateral and retrolatera] 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-2; meta-
tarsus dorsal 1r—O-2, prolateral and retrolateral 1-0-1, ventral 1p—O-2.
Fourth leg: femur as in second; patella prolateral and retrolateral
0-1-0; tibia as in third; metatarsus dorsal 1r—O-2, prolateral and retro-
lateral 1-1-1, ventral 1p—O-1p. Apparently no palpal spines.

Palp. Femur strongly and regularly curved; with a moderately well
developed cap of whitish hairs covering distal] half of dorsal surface of
femur and extended over proximal third of patella; tibia only longer
than patella in ratio of about 7 : 6; tibia almost exactly as long as
tarsus; tibial apophysis a simple spur; embolus, as usual, describes a
circle equal in diameter to one third of length of bulb (Fig. 328).

Abdomen. Generally ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 26 : 15,
widest near middle, fairly broad at base; anal tubercle a flattened
cone; spinnerets as usual in the genus; position of colulus shown by a

CHICKERING: SALTACID SPIDERS OF PANAMA BA

cluster of small black bristles; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets,
without tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Chelicerae rich reddish brown; palps somewhat
duller, with white crest on femur and patella as noted; lip and maxillae
like chelicerae except with yellowish tips. Legs: first pair reddish brown
in general; femora nearly black prolaterally and ventrally; tarsi yellow-
ish; patellae with a white prolateral patch; second leg like first except
lighter and without white patellar patch; third and fourth legs yellow-
ish with distal femoral annulations and both distal and proximal an-
nulations on tibiae and metatarsi. Carapace: generally a rich
reddish brown; eyes on connected black spots; white scales seem to
occur rather generally distributed but are more persistent in a median
streak over the region of thoracic groove; sternum lighter. Abdomen:
brownish at base and along lateral sides with streaks of yellowish; a
narrow median stripe begins at base and extends to beyond middle
where it expands into a rather broad chevron-like band and behind
this is an irregular light spot; other parts of dorsum brownish with the
exception of a narrow stripe at each dorsal basal corner which extends
laterally and merges with the mottled color of that region; a broad
dark ventral stripe broadens just behind genital furrow and then
gradually narrows to terminate considerably anterior to tracheal
spiracle.

Female allotype. Total length 4.61 mm. Carapace 2.10 mm. long,
1.47 mm. wide below interval between PME and PLE; posterior row
occupies about twelve thirteenths of width of carapace at that level.
Subchitinous deposits of guanin are very conspicuous throughout
interocular area. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Anterior row not as strongly recurved as in male. Anterior
row slightly wider than posterior row. Quadrangle of laterals wider
than long in ratio of 5 : 8. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE
= 21 :12:3:11. AME separated from one another by one twenty-
first of their diameter, from ALE by twice that distance. Middle eyes
closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio of 10 : 13. Height of clypeus equal
to one seventhof the diameter of AME.

Chelicerae. Short, parallel, vertical, robust; somewhat swollen in
front; with no boss visible. Fang moderately robust; finely serrated
along inner margin; apparently with a very minute tooth on inner
margin near its base. Fang groove distinct; with two promarginal
teeth near inner end; a single, deeply fissidentate tooth on retromargin,
apparently representing the two separate teeth of the male (Fig. 329).

Bree BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male.
Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

lg 1.09 .64 o( .66 40 3.50
2. .98 49 .60 .60 36 3.03
3. 1.30 OO AC .86 OO 4.03
4. 1.33 08 95 1.62 Od 5.01

First coxae most robust, fourth longest.

Spines. First leg: femur and patella as in male; tibia only ventral
2-2-2(offset to lateral positions)—2; metatarsus only ventral 2-2-2,
Second leg: femur and patella as in male; tibia only retrolateral 0-0-1.
ventral 1r—lr—2-lr; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1-1, ventral 2-2.
Third leg: femur as in male; patella prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0;
tibia prolatera] and retrolateral 0-1-1, ventral 1p—O0-2; metatarsus pro-
lateral and retrolateral 1-2, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur as in second
of male; patella as in third; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-1,
ventral 1p—O-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral
lp-lp.

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of 10 : 7. Otherwise as in male.

Epigynum. Very simple and in accord with usual pattern in the
genus; a white waxy plate bounded anteriorly by a recurved margin;
a very low septum divides the organ into halves; within are two sper-
mathecae lying at the outer posterior corners and with large associated
tubules (Fig. 330).

Color in alcohol. Chelicerae reddish brown like those of male; maxil-
lae and Jip lighter and with yellowish tips; palps yellowish white.
Coxae yellowish white; sternum a little darker. All legs yellowish
white with many brownish spots and annulations. Carapace much
like that of male; interocular area very Jight colored due to heavy
deposits of subchitinous guanin; also with a yellowish stripe reaching
from interocular area nearly to posterior border. Abdomen like that
of male except it is darker colored.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area, Aug.,
1936; female allotype from the same locality, July, 1934; two male and
two female paratypes from the same locality, July, 1934; one female
paratype from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA Bs

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 324. Cobanus bifurcatus Chickering; male palp, ventral view.

Fig. 325. C. bifurcatus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 326-327. C. electus Chickering; male carapace, lateral view; and male.
chelicera.

Fig. 328. C. electus Chickering; male palp, ventral view.

Figs. 329-330. C. electus Chickering; female cheliceral teeth; and epigynum,
ventral view.

Figs. 331-332. C.incurvus Chickering; female cheliceral teeth; and epigynum,
ventral view.

Figs. 333-334. C. obscurus Chickering; female cheliceral teeth; and epigynum,
ventral view.

Figs. 335-336. C.seclusus Chickering; female cheliceral teeth; and epigynum,
ventral view.

374 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

CoBANUS ERYTHROCRAS Chamberlin and Ivie, 1936

The authors of this species had two males from the Canal Zone
Biological Area selected from my collection of 1928. The description
gives so little of the necessary information that I cannot be certain of
its identification.

CoBANUS EXTENSUS (Peckham), 1896

Helorus extensus Peckham, 1896
C. extensus F. Cambridge, 1900
Helpidius extensus Simon, 1901

C. extensus Petrunkevitch, 1911
C. extensus Petrunkevitch, 1925

I am compelled to regard the specimens identified as this species by
Mr. Banks (’29) as in reality the same as my C. electus sp. nov. Pro-
fessor Petrunkevitch did not have it in his collection from Panama and
it has not yet appeared in mine. Apparently, therefore it has not been
taken since F. Cambridge found it in the Champion collection from
Bugaba. The Peckhams had seven males from Panama sent them by
Count Keyserling. Four of the original lot still remain in the Peckham
collection and there are two different species among them. Some of
the more important features aiding in the identification of this species
are: the absence of any tooth on the inner margin of the fang; absence
of any large tooth near base of fang on basal segment; the first patella
has a prolateral patch of white hairs; the palpal femur has a conspicu-
ous dorsal crest of white hair; the palpal tibia is longer than the patella
in ratio of 3:2; palpal tarsus shorter than tibia in ratio of 8 : 9;
tibia] spur with a beak-like tip; the bulb exhibits but one spine which
is considered the embolus.

COBANUS FLAVENS (Peckham), 1896

Helorus flavens Peckham, 1896
C. flavens F. Cambridge, 1900
C. flavens Petrunkevitch, 1911
C. flavens Petrunkevitch, 1925

The Peckhams had three males sent them by Count Keyserling. F.
Cambridge identified what he considered the female. So far as I
know, the species has not been taken since Cambridge’s time. In
identification the following characters appear to be very important:
the fang lacks any tooth along its inner margin; the basal segment of
the chelicera is probably not greatly developed; the palpal femur is

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 375

only moderately curved, and Jacks a dorsal white crest; the embolus
describes a circle of greater diameter than in most species and is ac-
companied by another spine, clearly visible in the type close to the
cymbium; the palpal tibial apophysis continues broad nearly to distal
end where it divides into two points of unequal size; palpal tibia only
slightly longer than patella, but shorter than tarsus in ratio of 4 : 5.

CoBANUS INCURVUS spec. nov.
Figures 331-332

Female holotype. Total length 6.59 mm. Carapace 2.94 mm. long,
2.05 mm. wide opposite posterior row of eyes which occupy eighty-four
ninety-thirds of width of carapace at that level; interocular region
slightly convex; form appears to be typical of the genus; 1.60 mm. tall
and, therefore, about four fifths as tall as wide.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a straight
line from dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one sixteenth of
diameter of ALE. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of
18 :17. Posterior row wider than middle row in ratio of 17 : 16.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 45 : 29. Total eye
space occupies slightly less than five eighths of length of carapace.
Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 29 :16:4:16. AME
separated from one another by two twenty-ninths of their diameter,
from ALE by twice that distance. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to
ALE in ratio of 13:18. Height of clypeus equal to one fifth the
diameter of AME. Clypeus fringed ventrally by a row of loose, yel-
lowish white scale-like hairs; also with the usual three bristles in lower
angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Robust, vertical, parallel; not produced; swollen in
front; without visible boss. Fang moderately slender, evenly curved,
finely serrated along inner margin. Fang groove with two promarginal
teeth at inner end of groove; two retromarginal teeth united basally
to form a single, deeply fissidentate tooth (Fig. 331).

Mazillae. Parallel, robust; longer than wide in middle in ratio of
about 2 : 1; only moderately concave along outer border; moderately
dilated distally; well rounded at outer distal corners; not excavated
contiguous to lip.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 10 : 9; basal excavations reach
almost half length of organ; as wide at distal] end of excavations as at
base, about half as wide at distal end as at base; reaches about four
sevenths of length of maxillae. Sternal suture gently procurved.

376 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Sternum. Generally scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 26 : 17,
widest between second coxae; posterior end blunt and not extended
between fourth coxae which are separated by one seventh of their

width; narrowly marginate.
Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 15, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

I 1.60 95 1.20 1.08 .60 9.43
2. 1.47 .89 296 .98 08 4.88
3. AO, .90 1.13 1.41 63 5.99
4. 1.80 83 1.28 1.54 64 6.09

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2; re-
trolateral distal 1; patella only prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0;
tibia only prolateral 1-1-0, ventral] 2—2-2-2, with third pair offset
laterally; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2—2-2.
Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia proJateral 1-1-0; retro-
lateral 1-0-0, ventral] 2—1r—2-2, with third offset laterally; metatarsus
prolateral and retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2—2-2, with second pair offset
laterally. Third leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia dorsal 1-0-0,
prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-0, ventral 0-lp—2-2, with first pair
offset laterally; metatarsus dorsal 1r—O-0, prolateral and retrolateral
1-0-2, ventral 0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur, patella, and tibia as in first
except femur prolateral distal 1; metatarsus dorsal 1r—O0-0, prolateral
and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 1p—O0-1p.

Abdomen. Ovoid; longer than wide in ratio of 53 : 30, widest in
middle; anal tubercle a short, yellowish white, somewhat flattened
cone; posterior spinnerets well spread apart so that middle pair is in
plain view from dorsal side. Tracheal spiracle as usual near base of
spinnerets, with a Jow inconspicuous tubercle covered with numerous
short black bristles.

Epigynum. Of usual general pattern; about three fourths as long as
wide; with characteristic striae near outer posterior corners dorsal to
which appear the large spermathecae (Fig. 332).

Color in alcohol. All appendages and sternum yellowish white, with
legs light amber dorsally. Carapace: lateral sides and posterior decliv-
ity light amber, somewhat streaked with both lighter and darker
shades; eyes on connected black spots with white scales around AME
and ALE, reddish scaJe-like hairs around PLE and extending to ALE;
interocular area a reddish amber; apparently in life much of carapace

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA By

is covered with light golden scales. Abdomen: apparently in life cov-
ered by light golden scales both dorsally and laterally; the base is
yellowish white and from this extends a central dorsal light stripe to
anal tubercle embracing a few faintly outlined dusky chevrons in
posterior half; on each side of the central light stripe are three irregu-
lar dusky spots (quite distinct in some paratypes); venter and ventro-
lateral sides yellowish white with faintly outlined darker streaks.

Type locality. Female holotype from the Canal Zone Biological
Area, July, 1934. Several female paratypes from the following locali-
ties: Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June—Aug., 1936;
July, Aug., 1939; El Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

CoBANUS MANDIBULARIS (Peckham), 1896

Helorus mandibularis Peckham, 1896
C. mandibularis F. Cambridge, 1900
C. mandibularis Petrunkevitch, 1911
C. mandibularis Petrunkevitch, 1925
C. mandibularis Banks, 1929

This seems to be a common species in the regions of Panama where
I have collected. The fang has a tooth on its inner margin about one
third from its base. Male palp: femur with no special development of
white hair; tibia longer than patella in ratio of about 4 : 3; tarsus
slightly longer than tibia. The first patella has a prolateral patch of
white hair. I have the species from the following localities: Canal Zone
Biological Area, June-July, 1934; June—Aug., 1936; July—Aug., 1939;
C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z., July, Aug., 1939; El Valle, R. P., July,
1936.

CoOBANUS OBSCURUS spec. nov.
Figures 333-334

Female holotype. Total length 6.59.mm. Carapace 2.88 mm. long, 2.05
mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy eighty-eight ninety-thirds of
width of carapace at that level; interocular region rather flat except
for a shallow depression between PLE; gently swollen beneath PME
and PLE; of the usual form for the genus; 1.53 mm. tall and, therefore,
about three fourths as tall as wide.

378 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line from
dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one twentieth of the diameter of
AME. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of 30 : 29.
Middle row shorter than posterior row in ratio of 53 : 58. Quadrangle
of laterals wider than long in ratio of about 3:2. Total eye region
occupies forty-eight eighty-thirds of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME: ALE) PMBe: PLE = 29°79: 5: 7.) PLE sandisk Miao
low tubercles. AME almost contiguous, separated from ALE by
two twenty-ninths of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to PLE than
to ALE in ratio of 3 : 4. Height of clypeus equal to five twenty-ninths
of diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a thin row of white hairs
along ventral border, and the usual three long bristles in lower angle
between AME.

Chelicerae. Robust, parallel, vertical; not produced; swollen diag-
onally in front; without visible boss. Fang slender, finely serrated
along inner surface, evenly curved. Fang groove with two rather small

teeth on promargin at inner end of groove; with two larger teeth about
the middle of the retromargin (Fig. 333).

Mazillae. Parallel, robust; longer than wide in ratio of about 19 :
11; only gently concave along outer border and moderately dilated dis-
tally; not excavated contiguous to lip; with well developed scopula
along truncature.

Inp. As wide as long, not much narrowed distally; basal excava-
tions reach about two fifths of its length; reaches about half the length
of the maxillae. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 25 : 19; widest
between second coxae, almost as wide between third and not much
narrowed anywhere; moderately convex; blunt posterior end not ex-
tended between fourth coxae which are separated by nearly one
fourth of their diameter; very narrowly and obscurely marginate.

Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.47 .96 1.22 1.00 OL 5.16
2. 1.47 .89 1.02 94 48 4.80
3. 1.81 83 1.08 1.31 53 5.56
4. U7) .80 1.12 1.47 OT 5.75

Spines. First Jeg: femur dorsal 0-O0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 1;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 2—2-2-2, with third pair offset laterally

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 379

and all long and robust; metatarsus only ventral 2-2-2, with first pair
very long. Second leg: femur as in first except retrolateral distal 1;
patella 0-1-0 (Jacking on right side); tibia only prolateral 1-0-1,
ventral 2-lr-2-2; metatarsus only prolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2-2-2.
Third leg: femur as in second; patella as in second except retrolateral
0-1-0; tibia only prolatera] and retrolateral 0-1-1, ventral 1p—0-2;
metatarsus dorsal 1r-0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-0-2, ventral
0-2-1. Fourth leg: femur dorsa] 0-O-1-1-1, retrolateral distal 1;
patella as in third; tibia prolateral 0-1-1, retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral
-as in third; metatarsus prolateral 1-0-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral
0-1p-Ip. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1-1.

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of about 3 : 2, widest
near middle; anal tubercle a short pointed cone; posterior pair of spin-
nerets far apart so that middle pair is exposed dorsally, all pairs slender,
anterior pair most robust. Smal] soft tubercle covered with short black
bristles guards tracheal spiracle.

Epigynum. Of usual generic pattern; plate about two thirds as Jong
as broad; spermathecae Jie partly outside of plate and the short charac-
teristic striations are parallel to long axis of body (Fig. 334).

Color in alcohol. A well marked species. Palps yellowish with a dark
dorsal streak extending through the four dista] segments. All legs an
amber color with femora, patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi much annu-
lated with reddish brown. Carapace: generally dark reddish brown;
eyes on nearly black, connected spots; interocular area lighter; a broad
stripe begins between PLE and narrows markedly about half-way to
posterior border; on each side is a curved irregular stripe from AME to
a little behind PLE, and below and behind the posterior end of this
stripe are two short, somewhat diagonal bands also light colored.
Abdomen: generally yellowish with dark brown markings; a central
light stripe from base to just in front of anal tubercle embraces a series
of spots and chevrons; on each side of the central light stripe is a
broader brownish irregular stripe broken by a yellowish band at about
three fifths of the distance from the base; lateral sides alternately and
narrowly striped with yellowish and brownish; venter with an irregu-
lar brownish V ending at the tracheal spiracle and embracing some
brownish spots; ventrolaterally with many small spots and irregular
lines.

Type locality. Female holotype from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936.
No paratypes.

380 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

COBANUS SECLUSUS spec. nov.
Figures 335-336

Female holotype. Total length 5.50 mm. Carapace 2.54 mm. long,
1.89 mm. wide opposite third row of eyes which occupy about thirty-
eight forty-thirds of width at that level; interocular region only gently
convex with a slight depression between PLE; deposits of guanin show
faintly through chitin in interocular area; longitudinal median thor-
acic groove as usual in the genus; general form as usual in the genus;
1.40 mm. tall and, therefore, a little less than three-fourths as tall as -
wide.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly above the dorsal borders of AME. Ante-
rior row wider than posterior row in ratio of 16 : 15, middle row shorter
than posterior row in ratio of 14:15. Quadrangle of laterals wider
than long in ratio of 8 : 5. Total eye space occupies forty seventy-
sevenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :
PLE = 25 : 15:3: 13.5. AME separated from one another by three
fiftieths of their diameter, from ALE by three twenty-fifths of the
diameter of AME. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio
of 6 : 7. Height of clypeus equal to one fifth of the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated with just a few yellowish white hairs along ventral
margin, and the usual three stiff bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Robust; almost three fourths as wide as long; parallel,
vertical; not produced; swollen in front; without boss. Fang moder-
ately slender, evenly curved, finely serrated along inner margin. Fang
groove with two promarginal teeth near inner end; two retromarginal
teeth united basally on left side into a very deeply fissidentate tooth
while on the right side the two apparently remain separate to base (Fig.
335).

Mazillae. Parallel, robust; longer than wide in middle in ratio of
about 2 : 1; quite concave along outer border; quite dilated distally;
well rounded at outer distal corner; with well developed scopula
along truncature.

Lip. Wider at base than long in ratio of 9 : 8; basal excavations
reach nearly one half its length; reaches to about the middle of maxil-
lae; distal end well rounded and about half as wide as base. Sternal
suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Generally scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 47 : 32;
moderately convex; widest between second coxae, slightly narrower
than base of lip at anterior border; posterior end blunt and not extended

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 381

between fourth coxae which are separated by about one sixth of their
diameter; very narrowly marginate.
Legs. 4312. Tibial index of first leg 18, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.54 83 1.02 .96 .56 4.91
2. 1.47 rine .90 84 50 4.48
3. 1.79 .90 1.09 1.28 62 5.68
4. Weg) .70 1.21 1.47 08 5.75

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 2, retro-
Jateral distal 1; patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only prolateral
1-1-0, ventral 2—2-2-2, with third pair offset laterally; metatarsus pro-
lateral and retrolateral 0-0-1, ventra] 2-2-2. Second leg: femur and
patella as in first except patella retrolateral 0-1-0; tibia as in first
except ventral 2—2-2-1p, with third pair offset laterally; metatarsus
prolateral and retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2-2-2, with second pair off-
set laterally. Third leg: femur-and patella as in second; tibia dorsal
1-0-0, prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-0, ventral 1p—O—2-2, with second
complete pair offset laterally; metatarsus dorsal 1r—0-0, prolateral
and retrolateral 1-0-2, ventral 0-2-2. Fourth leg: femur and patella
as in second except femur prolateral only distal 1; tibia as in third
except dorsal 0; metatarsus dorsal 1r-O-0, prolateral and retrolateral
1-1-2, ventral 0-1p-Ip. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1-1.

Abdomen. Ovoid, moderately robust; Jonger than wide in ratio of
8 : 5; broad at base; other features essentially as in C. incurvus sp. nov.

Epigynum. With usual general pattern; about three fourths as long
as wide; large spermathecae lie dorsal to outer two thirds of epigynal
plate; characteristic striations in lower part of each half (Fig. 336).

Color in alcohol. All appendages and sternum yellowish white, legs
light amber dorsally. Carapace essentially as in C. incurvus sp. nov.
Abdomen: apparently in life covered dorsally and laterally by light
golden scales; dorsum generally yellowish white, with two pairs of large
brownish spots on posterior half; elsewhere only a few small dusky
spots and short streaks; laterally with short narrow dusky stripes;
venter yellowish white with a few dusky streaks.

Type locality. Holotype female from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
August, 1939. Several paratype females from the same locality:
June-July, 1934; August, 1936, 1939; Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z.,
Aug., 1939.

382 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

CoBaNus suBFuscus F. Cambridge, 1900

C. subfuscus Petrunkevitch, 1911
C. subfuscus Petrunkevitch, 1925?
C. subfuscus Banks, 1929?

Cambridge had only males and these were from Costa Rica. He
seemed a little doubtful of the validity of the species and quite fully
aware of the difficulty of identifications based upon such variable char-
acters as the chelicerae. Petrunkevitch had one male from Cerro
Flores, R. P. which he described in detail. I am not convinced that the
species studied by Prof. Petrunkevitch is Cambridge’s subfuscus in
spite of the explanation for the latter’s failure to see the split embolus.
Judgment on this must await a careful study of more material. Mr.
Banks had one male from the Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1924.
I have examined this specimen carefully and I am compelled to state
that it resembles the original very closely. The species has not appeared
in my collection.

CoBANUS UNICOLOR F, Cambridge, 1900

C. unicolor Petrunkevitch, 1911
C. unicolor Petrunkevitch, 1925

This species seems to. be fairly common in the Canal Zone Bio-
logical Area and in the neighboring regions. Important characters for
identification are: first pair of legs with a moderately well developed
black ventral fringe on distal end of femur and on tibia and metatarsus;
chelicerae usually produced, without a tooth o prolateral side near
base of fang; fang lacks a tooth on its inner margin; two retromarginal
teeth along fang groove fairly close together and fairly near the base of
fang; palpal femur and patella without any white dorsal crest; palpal -
tibia longer than patella in ratio of about 15 : 11; palpal tarsus only
slightly Jonger than tibia; diameter of circle at distal end of palpal
bulb scarcely more than one fourth the length of the whole bulb. This
species is in my collection from :Canal Zone Biological Area, July—
Aug., 1934; July—Aug., 1936; July, 1939; Ft. Davis, C. Z., Aug., 1936;
Madden Dam region, Aug., 1939.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 383

Genus TiTaNnattus Peckham, 1885

It seems probable that one’of the two species herewith described
belongs with T. saevus Peckham from Guatemala and known only
from the male. The two species may be separated by the following key:

1. Retromargin of fang groove with three teeth. Epigynum with a large
central depression incompletely divided by a low septum................
T. paganus, (p. 385)

1. Retromargin of fang groove with four teeth set very close together. Epigy-
num without a large central depression, but with a pair of very shallow, small,
CUVEE PrESsIONS 04s. Se Sanh eke See Ace Ae a T. cretatus, (p. 383)

TITANATTUS CRETATUS spec. nov.
Figures 337-340

Female holotype. Total Jength 3.78 mm. Carapace 1.73 mm. long,
1.18 mm. wide just behind PLE which project slightly beyond dorsal
margin but occupy about forty-nine fifty-thirds of ventral width of
carapace, .96 mm. tall and, therefore, .81 as tall as wide; ascent from
AME quite steep to PLE from which steep posterior declivity de-
scends almost immediately behind these eyes to posterior border; con-
siderably depressed between PLE which stand on low tubercles; con-
siderable hair and numerous bristles, long and slender in ocular region;
lateral sides from ALE to PLE slightly concave in middle with ventral
margin considerably wider than dorsal margin; widest a short distance
behind PLE; with much subchitinous guanin, especially in interocular
area; with a short median longitudinal thoracic groove a short dis-
tance behind PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row strongly recurved so that a
line tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one third of the
diameter of ALE. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of
51:49, wider than middle row in ratio of 51 : 44. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of 51 : 36. Total eye space occupies
forty-five seventy-eights of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME: PLE = 18.5 : 9.5 :2 : 8.5. AME separated from one
another and from ALE by about one eighteenth of their diameter.
Middle eyes equidistant from ALE and PLE. Height of clypeus equal
to about one third of the diameter of AME (hidden by brush of hair).
Clypeus decorated by a rich covering of long white hair convergent
toward middle from both sides, two long white bristles beneath each

384 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

AME, and three whitish bristles upturned in lower angle between
AME, upper one very long, two lower shorter.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; basal segment .58 mm. long; without
special features. Fang moderately robust, evenly curved. Fang groove
distinct; promargin with four teeth fairly well spaced and occupying
the greater part of the margin; retromargin with four teeth so closely
crowded that their bases appear to be joined (Fig. 338).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
21:11; only moderately concave in middle of outer border; outer
distal corner well rounded, without tubercle or hook; with well
developed scopula along truncature.

Inp. As wide as long; basal excavations reach one third of length of
organ; reaches slightly beyond middle of maxillae; distal border broadly —
rounded. Sternal suture strongly procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of 32 : 25, widest
between second coxae; first coxae separated by twenty-two twenty-
fifths of the greatest width of sternum; anterior border as wide as base
of lip and with a small lobe at each end; posterior end blunt and not
extended between fourth coxae which are separated by seven thir-
teenths of their width. Fourth coxae the longest but none notably
enlarged. .

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 15, of fourth leg 12.

Femora~ Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. .96 08 70 Hil 08 3.13
Pe .90 5 61 ol 08 2.91
oe 94 A5 .64 .64 A2 3.09
4. 1.08 Ril 83 83 42 3.67

All legs with a moderate supply of hair but with no fringes or special
tufts.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1; patella 0; tibia only
ventral 2-2-2, with a much greater distance between first and second
pairs than between second and third pairs (Fig. 339); metatarsus only
ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only
ventral 0-lr—-2-2; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Third leg: femur
dorsal 0-1-1-1 and prolatera] distal 1, lacking on right side; elsewhere
0. Fourth leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1; elsewhere 0. Palpal spines
0.

Abdomen. Ovoid, but much broader at base than at posterior end;
longer than wide in ratio of about 3 : 2; anal tubercle a short broad

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 385

inconspicuous cone; spinnerets of moderate size and length, anterior
pair the stoutest and approximated, posterior pair slenderer and well
spread apart so that the smallest middle pair is exposed to view from
the rear; position of colulus indicated by a small tuft of black hair;
tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, obscure.

Epigynum. Posterior margin with a distinct lip but no definite
notch; two J-shaped loops show clearly near middle at sides of plate
(Fig. 340).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: with a broad brownish stripe on each
side from ALE to posterolateral corner having a coarsely serrated
dorsal border; remainder of lateral sides and steep posterior declivity
light brownish covered with very slender lanceolate white hair; eyes
on black spots; interocular area with yellowish white figure made by
aggregations of subchitinous deposits of guanin, the figure being con-
stricted between ALE and PME and whitest in center where there is
a slender elongated rugulose granule extending nearly the whole length
of the figure; a yellowish white spot beneath ALE due to presence of
guanin. Chelicerae brown. Palps yellowish white. Lip brown with
whitish tip; maxillae light brown with whitish tips. Sternum and all
coxae yellowish. Legs: yellowish white with many brown bars, a few
brown spots and short stripes. Abdomen: dorsum generally yellowish
white, largely because of presence of many small granules of the sub-
chitinous guanin; with an obscure central] broad lanceolate basal stripe
extending nearly to middle and a pair of dark brown bars somewhat
oblique in position near the middle, also a few obscure incomplete
chevrons in posterior third; lateral sides with dark brown spots and
short narrow stripes over the yellowish white subchitinous granules of
guanin; venter with a broad brownish central stripe beginning a little
behind the genital groove and surrounded by many small guanin
granules.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological] Area,
July, 1939. No paratypes.

TITANATTUS PAGANUS spec. nov.
Figures 341-342
Female holotype. Total length 3.78 mm. Carapace 1.63 mm. long,
1.02 mm. wide at level of PLE which project beyond the margin, .88

mm. tall and, therefore, about .86 as tall as wide; surface granulate,
especially in interocular area; with few hairs but many simple bristles

386 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

around eyes; ascent from AME to PLE steep, with PLE on prominent
tubercle; descent from PLE to posterior border also steep; posterior
declivity slightly convex in middle; lateral sides vertical to PLE then
somewhat widened ventrally with widest part just posterior to these
eyes (Fig. 341).

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about two fifths of the diameter
of ALE. Anterior row and posterior row equal in width, both wider
than middle row in ratio of 31 : 25. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 31 : 25. Total eye space occupies slightly more than
half the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME:
PLE = 16:8:2:8. AME separated from one another and from
ALE by about one twelfth of their diameter. Middle eyes equidistant
from ALE and PLE. Height of clypeus equal to a little less than one
third of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with a few
loose lanceolate white hairs, a few whitish bristles along ventral
border, two long converging whitish bristles beneath each AME, and
apparently only one long whitish bristle in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; of moderate size, basal segment .45
mm. long; basal boss not observed. Fang of moderate size and length,
evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; promargin with three teeth all]
well separated; retromargin with three teeth al] crowded close together.

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in ratio of about 19 : 10;
lateral borders carried forward so that they stand somewhat obliquely;
outer distal corners well rounded and continuous with rounded ante-
rior borders; scopulae well developed along truncatures.

Inp. Wider than long in-ratio of 4 : 3; basal excavations very short;
distal border well rounded; does not quite reach to middle of maxillae.
Sternal suture slightly procurved.

Sternum. Scutiform; longer than wide in ratio of about 6 : 5, widest
between second coxae; first coxae well separated; anterior border
slightly wider than base of lip; moderately convex; posterior end blunt,
not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by one half
their diameter.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. .96 58 65 58 30 Sally
2. 83 45 .62 51 38 2.79
3. 86 .o2 58 64 41 2.81
4, 1.03 43 83 83 42 3.54

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 387

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 1-1-1; patella 0; tibia only
ventral 2-2-2, with greater distance between first and second than
between second and third; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg:
femur and patella as in first; tibia only ventral 0-lr—-1p; metatarsus
only ventral 0-2-2. Third leg: femur and patella as in first; elsewhere
0. Fourth leg: femur as in first; elsewhere 0. No palpal spines observed.

Abdomen. Broadly ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 36 : 23,
widest five ninths from base which is moderately notched in middle.
Anal tubercle a broad flattened cone. Six spinnerets: anterior pair
short and stout; posterior pair slender and somewhat longer; middle
pair slender and a little longer than anterior pair. Position of colulus
probably indicated by a small tuft of hairs. Tracheal spiracle near base
of spinnerets, with distinct lip but no tubercle.

Epigynum. Rather large and distinct; epigynal plate slightly longer
than wide; a broad posterior marginal notch is bounded to right and
left by a small lobule; the main part of plate occupied by a large cen-
tral cavity incompletely divided by a narrow low central septum;
anterior to the cavity is a pair of large contiguous spermathecae (Fig.
342).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: bright reddish brown, with all eyes
except AME on black spots; in center of clypeus, lateral to each ALE,
and dorsal to interval between AME are four lighter spots wtih indefin-
ite boundaries; the whole interocular area somewhat lighter due to
presence of subchitinous guanin deposits. Sternum yellowish white
with light reddish brown spots. Palps missing on holotype but are
yellowish white on a paratype. Legs: yellowish white with many red-
dish brown spots. Abdomen: with many irregular white subchitinous
guanin deposits; extending from base to posterior end is a somewhat
broken and irregular central dorsal stripe, the anterior end of which is
brownish, near middle it becomes reddish and breaks up into a series
of short reddish chevrons posteriorly; just behind the middle there is a
pair of short, broad, dark brown or black bars thus making a kind of
cross-shaped figure; remainder of dorsal area largely whitish due to
deposits of guanin; lateral sides yellowish white with brown spots;
venter with a cloudy brownish central broad stripe from genital groove
to beyond middle where the stripe suddenly narrows to continue to
tracheal spiracle; outside of this stripe are many white guanin deposits.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Forest Reserve,
C. Z., Aug., 1939; One female paratype, possibly not mature, from
the Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1934.

388 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Fig. 337.
Fig. 338.
Fig. 339.
Fig. 340.
Fig. 341.
Fig. 342.
Figs. 343-344.

Fig. 345.
Fig. 346.
Fig. 347.

External Anatomy of Spiders

Titanattus cretatus Chickering; female carapace, lateral view.

. cretatus Chickering; female cheliceral teeth.

. cretatus Chickering; first tibia, ventral view.

. cretatus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

. paganus Chickering; female carapace, lateral view.

. paganus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Bryantella speciosa Chickering; male carapace, dorsal and
lateral views.

B. speciosa Chickering; male chelicera.

B. speciosa Chickering; male palp, retrolateral view.

B. speciosa Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

| ees] TS) SS] SS)

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 389

Zygoballus Group
Key to the genera in the Zygoballus Group

1. Carapace moderately tall; posterior row of eyes much wider than anterior
row; posterior declivity moderately steep; somewhat inflated laterally at
level of PLE. Abdomen without any definite scutum. First pair of legs
moderately enlarged. Retromargin of fang groove with a single simple |
HOODEO 6/50 Galas Ble choi oH een eel a ae el eam eee es Mina Bryantella, (p. 389)

1. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 2

2. Carapace tall; posterior row of eyes slightly wider than anterior row;
posterior declivity precipitous; not inflated laterally. Abdomen with a well
developed scutum. First pair of legs slender. Retromargin of fang groove
with three small teeth. Beetle-like in appearance...... Cylistella, (p. 394)

2. Not with combination of characters given above.:.................... 3

3. Carapace tall; posterior row of eyes somewhat wider than anterior row;
posterior declivity precipitous; lateral sides moderately rounded but not
inflated. Abdomen with a moderately developed scutum in males but not
in females. First pair of legs considerably enlarged. Retromargin of fang
groove with a single robust tooth..................... Dryphias, (p. 400)

3. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 4

4. Carapace tall; posterior row of eyes slightly wider than anterior row; poste-
rior declivity precipitous; lateral sides vertical and parallel. Abdomen with
a poorly developed scutum. First pair of legs considerably enlarged. Retro-
margin of fang groove with three teeth................ Orvilleus, (p. 401)

4. Carapace tall; posterior row of eyes only slightly wider than anterior row;
posterior declivity steep but not precipitous; lateral sides full at level of
PLE but hardly inflated. Abdomen with scutum in males but not in fe-
males. First pair of legs not notably enlarged. Retromargin of fang groove
with a fissidentate tooth in females and usually a “hammer-headed”’ process
TW, TeaVE) ISS} 5 ee Ries Ces ate ciseatel a ck cn ere eee Teen Seep caer ese Sey NEN Zygoballus, (p. 404)

BRYANTELLA gen. nov.

Carapace moderately high, fairly broad; mildly inflated in region of
PLE; widest at level of PLE; with short median longitudinal thoracic
groove between posterior borders of PLE; posterior declivity abrupt,
slightly concave. Eyes: anterior row considerably recurved; PME
much closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy almost full width of
carapace; posterior row considerably wider than anterior row; quad-
rangle of laterals considerably wider than long; total eye space occu-
pies about two thirds the length of carapace. Clypeus fairly low.
Chelicerae: somewhat porrect, moderately produced and somewhat

390 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

divergent in males, less so in females; retromargin of fang groove with
a simple, single, fairly robust tooth. Mazillae parallel, unmodified.
Sternum: elongate scutiform; moderately broad; moderately narrowed
at anterior end. Legs: 1423 in males, 412=3 in females; first pair
moderately enlarged; with no special fringes or tufts; leg spines moder-
ately developed. Abdomen: somewhat depressed in middle; spinnerets
moderately developed. Genotype: Bryantella speciosa sp. nov.

‘

BRYANTELLA SPECIOSA spec. nov.
Figures 343-347

Male holotype. Total length 4.03 mm. Carapace 1.92 mm. long, 1.54
mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy almost the entire width of
carapace; mildly inflated laterally in region of PLE (Fig. 343); .96
mm. tall and, therefore, .62 as tall as wide; nearly level from AME to
beginning of steep posterior declivity which occurs about five six-
teenths of the distance from PLE to posterior border; steep posterior
declivity abrupt and slightly concave (Fig. 344); a short median
longitudinal thoracic groove between posterior borders of PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly above those of AME. Posterior row wider
than anterior row in ratio of 46 : 37, wider than middle row in ratio
of 46 : 33. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 23 : 16.
Total eye space occupies eighteen twenty-ninths of the length of the
carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 18 : 9.5 :2.5:
8.5. AME separated from one another by one eighteenth of the di-
ameter of AME, from ALE by one twelfth of their diameter. Middle
eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about 1 : 2. Height of
clypeus equal to one ninth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated
only with a ventral fringe of fairly long brown bristles, two long brown
bristles beneath outer boundaries of AME, and three long upturned
yellowish bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Moderately porrect, produced, and divergent from near
bases; with a well developed basal boss; robust at base, slender dis-
tally; basal segment .65 mm. long. Fang moderately robust and
sinuous. Fang groove distinct; with two promarginal teeth, a small
one and a much larger pointed one, both near medial end of groove;
retromargin with a single, simple, fairly robust tooth near middle
(Fig. 345).

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
29 : 12; widely and quite deeply concave along middle of outer border;

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 391

outer distal corner strongly angulate but with no tubercle or hook;
with well developed scopula along truncature.

Lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 6 : 5; basal excavations reach a
little more than one third of length of organ; reaches nearly three
fifths of the length of the maxillae; distal border well rounded. Sternal
suture straight.

Sternum. Elongate scutiform, longer than wide in ratio of 37 : 24,
quite strongly convex between second and third coxae, widest between
second coxae, anterior border considerably narrower than base of lip;
first coxae separated by nearly half the greatest width of sternum and
excavated at their bases to allow an overlap; posterior end bluntly
. pointed and not extended between fourth coxae which are nearly
contiguous.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

I: 1.09 .69 83 .62 38 3.61
2. 88 Ol 04 Ol 30 2.79
3. 83 45 Ol O1 30 2.65
4. 1.13 52 83 .70 38 3.56
Palp 65 26 19 =e 61 1.68

First leg moderately enlarged with femur considerably deepened and
somewhat compressed Jaterally. All legs with a moderate supply of
hair but without special fringes or tufts. :

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral distal 1; patella
0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, with last pair near distal end, promarginal
series occupying distal five eighths of segment and retromarginal series
the distal three fourths; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg:
femur and patella as in first except the first two dorsal femorals very
long and slender; tibia only ventral 0-lr—0-2; metatarsus only ventral
2-2. Third leg: femur and patella as in second except retrolateral
distal 1 on femur; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0, ventral 0-0-2;
metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Fourth leg:
femur and patella as in third; tibia only ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus
prolateral and retrolateral distal 1, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: appar-
ently only femur dorsal 0-0-1.

Palp. Femur quite strongly bent ventrally; patella and tibia both
short, with latter about three quarters as long as former; tibial retro-
lateral apophysis a moderately stout simple spur; bulb moderately
swollen, truncated at base; embolus arises from an inverted pyriform

392 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

lobule, extends toward base and then turns through about 240 degrees
to terminate near anterior end of cymbium (Fig. 346).

Abdomen. Considerably separated from carapace, hence some
workers would describe it as being pedunculate; nearly oval in outline,
longer than wide in ratio of 32 : 19, widest near middle; somewhat
depressed in middle where the second pair of dorsal sigilla occurs, each
of these two sigilla being in a shallow pit; anal tubercle a fairly promi-
nent cone with a strongly chitinized base and a yellowish white tip;
six spinnerets of moderate length, anterior pair the stoutest and approx-
imated, posterior pair slightly longer and well separated; position of
colulus indicated by a small tuft of black hairs; tracheal spiracle near
base of spinnerets, with lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally a rich reddish brown with eyes
on black spots and numerous white lanceolate hairs nearly everywhere;
also a narrow marginal white stripe from lateral ends of posterior
border forward to slightly beyond the PLE. Sternum and chelicerae
bright reddish brown; maxillae and lip the same with white tips.
Palps reddish brown with numerous white lanceolate hairs especially
on dorsal sides of tibiae and patellae. Legs: first pair with coxae and
trochanters light brown, femora bright reddish brown, tarsi yellowish
white, other segments each with a dorsal and two ventrolateral reddish
brown stripes separated by yellowish white stripes; other legs much the
same except lighter and femora with a dorsal yellowish white stripe.
Abdomen: dorsally with five bars, the basal one light reddish brown
with many iridescent scales, the second yellowish white, the third
brownish, the fourth yellowish white, and the fifth nearly black and
covering the posterior end; laterally light reddish brown; venter with
a brownish central stripe bordered on each side by a row of yellowish
dots.

Female allotype. Total length 5.53 mm. Carapace 2.30 mm. long,
1.79 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy almost the full width of
the carapace, 1.15 mm. tall and, therefore, about .64 as tall as wide;
otherwise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly above those of AME. Posterior row
wider than anterior row in ratio of 53 :41, wider than middle row in
ratio of 53 : 39. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of
53 : 39. Total eye space occupies forty-three seventieths of the length
of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE’: PME : PLE = 19.5:
10.5 : 2.75 : 9.5. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of
11 : 27. Height of clypeus equal to about one twelfth of the diameter

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 393

of AME. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Chelicerae. Robust, slightly porrect, parallel; with well developed
basal boss; moderately swollen in front; surface very rugulose in front;
basal segment .83 mm. long. Fang fairly robust, evenly curved.
Fang groove distinct; promargin with two ordinary teeth at inner end
of groove; retromargin with a single, simple, moderately robust tooth
near medial end of groove.

Mazillae and Lip. Probably essentially as in male, but partly hid-
den by first coxae.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 31 : 16; first coxae only
separated by about one fourth the greatest width of the sternum.
Otherwise essentially as in male.

Legs. 412=3. Tibial index of first leg 20, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

ile. 1.34 Sl 83 70 38 4.02
2. 1.09 61 08 08 38 3.24
3. 1.03 .56 08 .69 38 3.24
4. 1.41 .64 .96 83 AL 4.25

Spines. All legs as in male. Palpal spines as in male.

Abdomen. Separated from carapace.so pedicel shows clearly be-
tween these two body parts, hence might be regarded as pedunculate;
longer than wide in ratio of 27 : 17; with four small dorsal sigilla and
no pits or dorsal constriction as in male.

Epigynum. Simple, closely resembles that of many species of Meta-
phidippus; a shallow posterior marginal notch; a pair of openings about
four diameters of one of them apart (Fig. 347).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: almost identical to that of male.
Palps yellowish white with a narrow reddish brown dorsal stripe.
Other mouth parts essentially as in male. Legs: first pair as in male
except there is only a single dorsal stripe of reddish brown; other legs
also much as in male but with fewer stripes. Abdomen: general pat-
tern as in male with five bars on dorsum but with some modification,
reddish brown bar at base subdivided into four narrow bars somewhat
indefinite in outline, fourth bar reddish brown with a large central
yellowish white spot; numerous iridescent scales abound.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
August, 1939. Female allotype from same locality, July, 1939. One
male paratype and three female paratypes, two of them immature,
from the same locality, July, 1939. Two female paratypes from C. Z.
Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

394 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Genus CyLISTELLA Simon, 1901

The Cambridges (’94, 701) had only Cylistella scarabaeoides (O.
Cambridge) from Panama. Professor Petrunkevitch had a single
female from the San Lorenzo River region which he described in some
detail as a new species. I think it is probable that C. castanea Petrunk-
evitch is asynonym of C. scarabaeoides (O. Cambridge), but I cannot
be certain about it at this time. I think there can be no reasonable
doubt that the female I have from the C. Z. Forest Reserve represents
a new species and I have described it as such. At present, then, we have
three species known from Panama but two are known only from fe-
males.

CyYLISTELLA CASTANEA Petrunkevitch, 1925

Known only from a single female taken in the San Lorenzo River
region of Panama. As already indicated, |.am somewhat uncertain
regarding the status of this species.

CYLISTELLA FULVA spec. nov.
Figures 348-349

Female holotype. Total length 1.91 mm. Carapace .76 mm. long
(measured to dorsal rim of posterior declivity), .93 mm. wide at level
of PLE which project beyond margin of carapace, .58 mm. tall and,
therefore, about .62 as tall as wide; dorsal area only moderately convex;
ascent from AME continues to beginning of posterior declivity al-
though rise is slight beyond PLE; posterior declivity begins .22 mm.
behind PLE; dorsal surface covered with minute pits from each of
which arises a short procumbent light colored hair; no thoracic groove
visible; lateral sides and probably posterior declivity pitted much as
in C. scarabaeoides.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row straight by centers. Posterior
row wider than anterior row in ratio of 21 : 19. Middle row nearly as
wide as anterior row. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio
of 2:1. Total eye space occupies about two thirds of length of cara-
pace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 12 :6:1.5: 5.5.
AME separated from one another by nearly one twelfth of their
diameter, from ALE by nearly twice that distance. Middle eyes closer
to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 9:11. Height of clypeus equal to
about five twelfths of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only
with a few light colored bristles along ventral margin, a few light

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA. 395

colored hairs converging toward middle line, and a small group of stiff
bristles in Jower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Shorter than maxillae; basal segment conical]; vertical,
parallel. Fang and fang groove so hidden that examination is impossi-
ble without serious injury to specimen.

Mawzillae. Somewhat convergent; somewhat hidden by first coxae,
but apparently longer than wide in middle in ratio of 5 : 3; consider-
ably broadened and somewhat dilated distally.

Lip. Wider than long in ratio of 4:3. Sternal suture strongly
procurved.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 5 : 3, widest between second
coxae but nearly as wide between first and third; convex as described
for C. scarabaeoides; anterolateral corners extended into distinct
lobules; posterior end extended between fourth coxae which are separ-
ated by five sixths of their width.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 17.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
7 (All measurements in millimeters)
1. A5 24 22 .20 PA ales
2. 40 22 22 .20 20 1.24
3. 45 18 .20 e2D, .20 1.25
4, 56 A22, Foil .29 25 1.63

Spines. First leg: only tibia ventral 2-2-0 and metatarsus ventral
2-2. Second leg: apparently only tibia ventral lr—lr-O0. Third and
fourth legs apparently 0. It is difficult to determine spines with cer-
tainty in this species.

Abdomen. 1.15 mm. long, 1.21 mm. wide; carried nearly in same
plane as carapace; truncated anterior border .77 mm. wide, fits closely
against posterior border of carapace at top of declivity; with a scutum
which covers whole dorsum but does not fit closely over anal tubercle
which is a short cone; anterior surface, apposed to posterior surface of
carapace, also chitinized into a plate but less heavily than the scutum;
spinnerets all short with anterior pair most robust; a ventral chitinized
semicircular fold guards base of spinnerets; apparently tracheal spira-
cle lies at ventral center of this fold, also guarded by chitinized lip.
Colulus invisible. Scutum much pitted and each pit with a single short
light colored hair; other short hairs unrelated to pits also present.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate a quadrilateral figure much as in C.
castanea Petrunkevitch. Obscure, with distinctive features largely
lacking. Raised into a low longitudinal ridge medially; most distinc-

396 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

tive feature is the pair of small openings less than the diameter of one
of them apart, seen most clearly from a posterior view (Figs. 348-349).

Color in alcohol. Palps and legs generally light yellowish. Legs with
a few reddish brown ventral] spots especially on first two pairs of tibiae
and patellae; all segments with dusky areas irregularly distributed.
Chelicerae and maxillae yellowish. Lip with a broad yellowish border
and a deep amber center. Carapace: medium brown, not so shiny and
waxy in appearance as in C. scarabaeoides; eyes on connected black
spots; a few darker streaks irregularly distributed. Sternum an amber
color; central convex region very granular with a darker border from
which radiate the darker ridges to the margin. Abdomen: scutum a
medium brown like the carapace; with a short dark median streak;
lateral sides and venter gray with many folds.

Type locality. Female holotype from C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z.,
Aug., 1939. No paratypes.

CYLISTELLA SCARABAEOIDES (O. Cambridge), 1894
Figures 350-356

Coccorchestes scarabaeoides O. Cambridge, 1894
C. scarabaeoides F. Cambridge, 1901

Cylistella scarabaeoides Petrunkevitch, 1911

C. scarabaeoides Petrunkevitch, 1925

Male hypotype. Total Jength 1.60 mm. Carapace .93 mm. long, .95
mm. wide at level of PLE which protrude a little beyond margin of
carapace; .60 mm. tall and, therefore, about .63 as tall as wide; viewed
from above almost square in outline; dorsal area quite convex; from
AME ascent quite marked to opposite PLE from which there is a

entle arch nearly to vertical declivity which begins about .26 mm.
behind PLE; considerably wider at level of dorsal margin than at leve[
of ventral margin and lateral sides somewhat concave especially near
posterior end; no thoracic groove visible: dorsal surface covered with
minute pits and Jateral and posterior surfaces beaded, often in long
irregular rows; short hair sparsely distributed over dorsal surface and
to a lesser extent over lateral and posterior surfaces (Figs. 350-352).

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row slightly recurved. Poste-
rior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 43 : 38. Middle row almost
as wide as anterior row. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in
ratio of 43 : 20. Total eye space occupies twenty-six forty-thirds of
length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 13:

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 397

6 : 1.5 :5. AME contiguous, separated from ALE by about one thir-
teenth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in
ratio of 4:7. Height of clypeus equal to about one fourth of the
diameter of AME. A few short whitish hairs on clypeus, those beneath
ALE appressed, on clypeus somewhat erect.

Chelicerae. Rather small, basal segment not as long as maxillae;
slightly convergent, vertical. Fang fairly long, slender, and evenly
curved. Fang groove impossible to see without serious injury to speci-
men, but in dissected paratype there are three retromarginal teeth and
only a single promarginal tooth.

Mazxillae. Moderately convergent; longer than wide in middle in
ratio of 5 :3; moderately concave along outer margin; palp inserted
into basal half; outer distal angle more than a right angle; not dilated
distally.

LInp. Wider than long in ratio of about 8 : 7; reaches to about mid-
dle of maxillae. Sternal suture very strongly procurved.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 20 : 13, widest between sec-
ond and first coxae; convex in a peculiar manner with main part some-
what cardiform and much raised through center but sloping to make a
wide margin through which ridges extend from the raised central part
to near posterior border of the different coxae; at each anterolateral
corner is a lobe which extends forward beyond base of lip; extended
posteriorly to a blunt point far between fourth coxae which are separ-
ated by one half their width.

Legs. 1=423. Tibial index of first leg 25, of fourth leg 22.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 42 22 22 all) 18 1.23
2. 39 .20 19 18 sll? 1.13
3. 0 oll 15 16 18 1.03
4, 44 .20 .20 20 19 1.23
Palp 27 14 oli = 27 of

Spines. Difficult to see but probably the following data are reliable:
First leg: only metatarsus ventral 1p-2. Second leg: only metatarsus
prolateral 0-1. Third leg: none. Fourth leg: none.

Palp. Femur straight; patella and tibia both short; tibial apophysis
a thin transparent lamina which has its dorsal distal corner turned
sharply away from the cymbium; bulb much swollen; embolus arises
at base of bulb, makes a long regular curve to the distal end of the
eymbium (Figs. 353-354).

398

Figs. 348-349.
Figs. 350-352.

Figs. 353-354.

Fig. 355.
Fig. 356.
Fig. 357.

Figs. 358-359.

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

External Anatomy of Spiders

Cylistella fulua Chickering; epigynum, ventral and posterior
views. ‘

C. scarabaeoides, male carapace, dorsal, lateral, and posterior
views.

C. scarabaeoides, male palp, ventral view; and palpal tibia,
retrolateral view.

C. scarabaeoides, epigynum, ventral view.

C. scarabaeoides, epigynum, dissected, viewed from within.

Dryphias maccuni, epigynum, ventral view.

Orvilleus crassus Chickering; male body, dorsal view; and
carapace, lateral view, larger scale.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 399

Abdomen. .89 mm. long, 1.02 mm. wide, flattened and bent ven-
trally at its attachment with abdomen almost at an angle of 45 degrees;
whole dorsum covered by a heavily chitinized scutum; that which is
really the base is lightly chitinized and brought forward into an oblique
position to fit against the carapace; viewed from below, pedicel appears
to enter the center of abdomen, its insertion being surrounded by a
chitinous collar incomplete at its dorsal two fifths. Anal tubercle hid-
den beneath posterior rim of scutum; all spinnerets short and crowded
together. Colulus invisible. Tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets,
guarded by a chitinized lip.

Color in alcohol. Chelicerae and lip a reddish brown, streaked with
black. Maxillae and palp somewhat lighter and also with dark streaks.
All legs nearly the same: coxae and femora light yellowish brown above,
very dark on Jateral sides; other segments light yellowish, somewhat
streaked with dark brown. Sternum much like carapace. Carapace a
rich dark shiny mahogany brown with considerable bluish iridescence
in certain lights. Scutum like carapace. Lateral sides and venter of
abdomen grayish.

Female hypotype. Total length 1.73 mm. Carapace .93 mm. long,
.96 mm. wide at level of PLE, .68 mm. tall; shallowly grooved just
behind and below PLE, also visible in male to a slight degree. Other-
wise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row straight by centers. Poste-
rior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 11 : 10. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of 2: 1. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE :
PME : PLE = 13 :5.5:1:5. AME barely separated from one
another, from ALE by three twenty-sixths of the diameter of AME.
Clypeus strongly margined. Whitish hairs lacking on clypeus. Other-
wise essentially as in male.

Chelicerae, Maaillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male, but
paratype not dissected to show teeth on fang groove.

Legs. 4123. ‘Tibial index of first leg 26, of fourth leg 18.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
iL, 44 23 .20 .20 18 1.25
Ze .36 17 17 17 18 1.05
3. .36 alley 16 18 AT 1.04
4. AQ 23 24 Al 19 1.36

Spines. First leg: only tibia ventral 1r-1r-0 and metatarsus ventral
2-2. Second leg: only tibia ventral 1r-lr-O0. Third and fourth legs
apparently without spines, but it is difficult to be certain in this species.

400 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Abdomen. Essentially as in male except the scutum is less extensive
and does not fit as closely around anal tubercle and spinnerets. Anal
tubercle apparently with a narrow chitinized ring near its base. Spin-
nerets with posterior pair spread wide apart so as to expose middle
pair to view.

Epigynum. A strongly chitinized plate with a posterior marginal
notch, a central ridge on each side of which is a rounded region, some-
what depressed (Fig. 355). Dissection reveals the presence within of
a pair of looped tubules near the posterior margin (Fig. 356).

Color in alcohol. Essentially like that of male in all major details.

Type locality. Male hypotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
July, 1939; female hypotype from the same locality, July, 1936.
Several additional males and females from: Canal Zone Biological
Area, July, 1934; July, 1936; June—-Aug., 1939; Ft. Sherman and C. Z.
Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

Genus Dryputas Simon, 1901

DryPHias MACCUNI (Peckham), 1895
Figure 357

Homalattus maccuni Peckham, 1895
H. rusticus Peckham, 1895

D. maccuni Simon, 1901

D. rusticus Simon, 1901
Homalattoides roseus F. Cambridge, 1901
Partona roseus Simon, 1903?

D. maccuni Petrunkevitch, 1911

D. rusticus Petrunkevitch, 1911
Partona ? roseus Petrunkevitch, 1911
P. roseus Petrunkevitch, 1925

H. roseus Banks, 1929

Beata magna Banks, 1929

The Peckhams had several females from South America, exact
location uncertain, probably Brazil. Later they also had two definitely
from Brazil. They described these females as Homalattus maccunt. They
had several males sent to them by Simon from the Amazon region
and they described these as Homalattus rusticus. They also hada
male from Trinidad which is now labelled H. rusticus, but I think it is
not this species. Mr. Banks had two males from the Canal Zone Bio-
logical Area which he identified as H. roseus F. Cambridge. I have

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 401

several examples of both sexes from Panama, and the two have been
taken together repeatedly. I think there is no reasonable doubt of
the synonymy as I have given it above. Although Mr. Emerton pro-
vided a figure of the epigynum for the Peckhams it is not very accurate
and may have been taken from an immature specimen. For this reason
I have made another drawing of this organ (Fig. 357). The epigynal
plate is somewhat circular; a well defined posterior marginal notch
occurs with a strongly chitinized border; just anterior to notch is a
hump, dorsal to which are several smal) tubules; further anterior
occurs a squarish depressed area on each side of which is a strongly
chitinized strip; finally the anterior border is well defined. Hypotypes
should be described in detail.

ORVILLEUS gen. nov.

Carapace high, especially in posterior half, moderately broad;
widest near PLE; lateral sides nearly vertical and also parallel in
cephalic part; with no median longitudinal thoracic groove observed;
steep posterior declivity very abrupt and somewhat concave. Eyes:
anterior row moderately recurved; PME somewhat closer to ALE than
to PLE; PLE occupy nearly the full width of the carapace; anterior
and posterior rows of nearly equal width; quadrangle of laterals con-
siderably wider than long; total eye space occupies about two thirds
of length of carapace. Clypeus moderately low. Chelicerae vertical,
parallel, of moderate size. Fang groove distinct; with three teeth
along retromargin. Mazillae parallel, unmodified. Sternwm moderately
convex, broad; with anterior end only moderately narrowed between
first coxae. Legs: 1432; all legs moderately robust with first pair
considerably enlarged; without special fringes; leg spines showing some
tendency toward reduction. Abdomen: short, broad; spinnerets of
moderate size. Genotype: Orvilleus crassus sp. nov.

ORVILLEUS CRASSUS spec. nov.
Figures 358-362
Male holotype. Total length 2.88 mm. Carapace 1.49 mm. long,
1.15 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy almost the whole width

of the carapace, .90 mm. tall and, therefore, about .78 as tall as wide,
ascent very gradual from AME to PLE, then gently arched to steep

402 ‘BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

posterior declivity which begins almost three fourths of the distance
from PLE to posterior border; steep posterior declivity very abrupt
and somewhat concave; lateral sides from AME to PLE vertical and
~ nearly parallel; a moderate supply of hair nearly everywhere and stiff
black bristles in ocular area; a fringe of somewhat erect whitish hair
around the top of steep posterior declivity; no median thoracic groove
observed (Figs. 358-359).

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one ninth of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row slightly wider than anterior row,
wider than middle row in ratio of 51 : 46. Quadrangle of laterals wider
than long in ratio of 10:7. Total eye space occupies nearly nine
fourteenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME :
PLE = 18 : 8.5 : 1:5 : 8.5. AME barely separate from one another
and from ALE. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of
8 : 11. Height of clypeus equal to one sixth of the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated only with a fringe of ventral light brown bristles, a
few slender white hairs at each end of fringe, two long brown bristles
beneath each AME, and apparently three long upturned bristles in
lower angle between AME, these latter being brownish in basal halves
and whitish in distal halves.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; slightly swollen in front near base;
basal segment .45 mm. long, without special modifications. Fang of
moderate size, evenly curved. Fang groove distinct; with four small
teeth along promargin, well spaced; retromargin with three closely
crowded teeth on right side and three on left side with the third pro-
vided with two cusps and a tubercle beside it (regarded as abnormal).

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of 8 : 5;
only slightly concave in middle of outer border; outer distal corner
smoothly rounded without tubercle or hook; with well developed
scopula along truncature.

Lip. Slightly wider than long; basal excavations reach about one
third of length of organ; reaches to middle of maxillae; distal border
truncated. Sternal suture quite strongly procurved.

Sternwm. Scutiform; moderately convex, especially across the mid-
dle; longer than wide in ratio of 6 : 5; anterior border slightly wider
than base of lip and with a low tubercle at each lateral end; anterior
coxae separated by nearly three fifths of the greatest width of sternum;
posterior end bluntly rounded and not extended between fourth coxae
which are separated by nearly one half their diameter. First coxae
considerably enlarged.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 403

Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 18, of fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
i 87 .63 .67 * 50 33 3.00
De 12 AT AQ Ay 33 2.48
oF 2 33 43 AT 33 2.28
4, .90 al 53 48 34 2.62
Palp 50 i oll — 40 1.24

All legs with a moderate supply of hair but with no special fringes or
tufts. First pair considerably enlarged (Fig. 360).

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 1;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia prolateral 0-0-1-0, ventral 2-2-2,
last pair not terminal, first pair a Jittle more than one fourth of length
of segment from base, space between first and second much greater
than between second and third; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2.
Second leg: femur and patella as in first except femur retrolateral
distal 1; tibia prolateral 0-1-1-0, ventral 1r—-lr-2; metatarsus only
ventral 0-Ir-2.. Third Jeg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolatera]l and retrolateral 0-1-0,
ventral 0-O-lp; metatarsus 0. Fourth Jeg: femur and patella as in
third; tibia only ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus 0. Palpal spines: appar-
ently only femur dorsal 0-0-1.

Palp. Femur only gently curved; both patella and tibia short with
latter about two thirds as long as former; tibia with two retrolateral
apophyses, the more ventral one short, blunt, irregularly tuberculated
distally, the other is a short spur, stout at base but slender distally
and somewhat hooked; embolus starts from anterior border of bulb as
a stout tube and describes a nearly complete circle around periphery of
bulb terminating in a slender filament (Figs. 361-362).

Abdomen. Length 1.47 mm.; longer than wide in ratio of 23 : 19
exclusive of anal tubercle; with numerous erect whitish hairs and
black bristles near base on dorsum; with a poorly developed and in-
complete dorsal scutum on anterior half; anal tubercle a short broad
cone; six spinnerets of moderate length and size, anterior pair stoutest
and approximated, posterior pair somewhat slenderer and spread far
apart with the result that the middle pair is clearly revealed as smallest
from the rear; position of colulus indicated by a small tuft of black
hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, obscure, without
tubercle.

404 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally reddish brown, with eyes on
black spots; numerous slender white hairs, especially around dorsal
margin; interocular space with many subchitinous granules of white
guanin making this region light colored with two dark colored spots
near center. Chelicerae reddish brown. Maxillae and lip brown with
whitish tips. Sternum light brown. Legs: first pair brown, with tarsi
and prolateral surfaces of femora dark brown and metatarsi yellowish
white; other legs similar with variations. Abdomen: region of weakly
developed scutum reddish brown with two pairs of sigilla near center;
just behind scutum is a transverse band of numerous yellowish white
granules of guanin and in posterior quarter several obscure light and
dark alternate chevrons; lateral sides brown with yellowish dots; ven-
ter dark brown with two rows of yellowish dots near center.

Female. A female which is probably immature is the only specimen
of this sex available. The description of the allotype is, therefore,
deferred until more material is available. The retromargin of the fang
groove in this female shows three separate teeth.

Type locality. Male holotype from the C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z.,
Aug., 1939. One male paratype and the immature female from the
Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1939.

‘Genus ZYGoBALLuS Peckham, 1885

The Peckhams had a single female from Panama for which they
made the genus Messua. Simon transferred the genus to Zygoballus.
Professor Petrunkevitch had two females upon which he based the
description of Z. maculatipes. Mr. Banks identified a female as Z.
rufipes Peckham, but I believe this specimen to belong to Z. optatus
sp. nov. Mr. Banks also identified an immature female as Z. tubzalis
F. Cambridge. This specimen is impossible to place with certainty
but it probably belongs to one of the new species described in this
paper. I conclude, therefore, that at the present time four species of
Zygoballus are known from Panama, two of them only from females.

Key to the species of Zygoballus jrom Panama

Males
1. Palpal tibial apophysis slender, fully half as long as bulb; embolus long and
slender, fully halfas long as bulb... 7 S0)2. 1... oe Z. optatus, (p. 410)

1. Palpal tibial apophysis short and robust, about one third as long as bulb;
embolus about one third as long as bulb.............. Z. electus, (p. 405)

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 405

No workable key has yet been devised for use with the four kinds of
females now referred to this genus.

ZYGOBALLUS DESIDIOSUS (Peckham), 1896

Messua desidiosa Peckham, 1896
M. desidiosa F. Cambridge, 1901
Z. desidiosus Simon, 1903
M. desidiosa Banks, 1909
Z. desidiosus Petrunkevitch, 1911
Z. desidiosus Petrunkevitch, 1925

I am very doubtful of the correctness of the assignment of the species
to the genus Zygoballus. The type should be carefully studied in
accord with modern methods. Apparently the species has not yet
appeared in my collection. The type female was sent to the Peckhams
by Count Keyserling.

ZYGOBALLUS ELECTUS spec. nov.
Figures 363-367

Male holotype. Total length 2.24 mm. Carapace 1.26 mm. long,
1.02 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy full width of carapace,
.77 mm. tall and, therefore, about .75 as tall as wide; dorsal surface
nearly flat back to steep posterior declivity which begins a little more
than one third of the distance from PLE to posterior border and is
typically abrupt for the genus;.with a median longitudinal thoracic
groove of moderate length beginning opposite posterior borders of PLE.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one twelfth of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of
24 : 23, wider than middle row in ratio of 24 : 21. Quadrangle of lat-
erals wider than long in ratio of 48 : 35. Total eye space occupies
about forty fifty-sevenths of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 15.5 : 8.5 : 1.75 : 7.5. AME contigu-
ous to one another and to ALE. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to
PLE in ratio of 11 : 9. Height of clypeus equal to about one fourth of
the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a rich coat of white
lanceolate hair showing considerable iridescence, one Jong white bristle
beneath outer border of AME, and probably three long, upturned,
light colored bristles in lower angle between AME.

406 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Fig. 360.

Figs. 361-362.

Figs. 363-364.
Figs. 365-366.

Fig. 367.

Figs. 368-369.
Figs. 370-371.

External Anatomy of Spiders

Orvilleus crassus Chickering; first leg, prolateral view.

O. crassus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

Zygoballus electus Chickering; male chelicera, two views.

Z. electus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

Z. electus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Z. optatus Chickering; chelicera of holotype and of a paratype.

Z. optatus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 407

Chelicerae. Only slightly porrect, considerably divergent; with
several white lanceolate hairs on basal half in front; with a fairly robust
tooth in front about three fifths from base; basal segment .38 mm.
long; no basal boss observed. Fang of moderate size and length;
moderately sinuous; with a definite small tooth on inner margin about
one fourth from tip. Fang groove distinct, moderately excavated in
middle; promargin with two teeth near medial end of groove, a very
small tooth and a much larger one, both arising from a common base;
retromargin with the remains of the fissidentate tooth much reduced,
with the “hammer-headed”’ process only moderately developed (Figs.
363-364, taken from paratypes to avoid serious injury to the holo-
type).

Mazillae. Slightly convergent; longer than wide in ratio of about
2 : 1; only moderately notched in middle of outer border; with well
developed scopula along truncature; outer distal corner well rounded,
but with a very minute tubercle (not visible unless maxilla is removed
for examination).

Lip. Wider than long in ratio of 6 : 5; basal excavations very short,
obscure; reaches to about the middle of maxillae. Sternal suture
straight.

Sternum. Scutiform, quite convex; longer than wide in ratio of 23
: 20; anterior border as wide as base of lip; first coxae separated by
thirteen twentieths of the width of the sternum; widest between sec-
ond coxae; posterior end bluntly rounded, not extended between fourth
coxae which are separated by three tenths of their width.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 13.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
il, 83 1 56 38 132 2.60
%, 54 noD, 38 .30 29 1.83
3. 51 .30 .32 By} 29 1.74
4. .80 .30 58 38 29 2.40
Palp 48 17 Al — 38 1.14

All legs with a moderate supply of hair but no fringes or tufts.

Spines. First leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1; patella 0; tibia only
ventra] 2-2-2; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur only
dorsal 0-0-1-1; patella and metatarsus as in first; tibia only prolateral
0-1, ventral 0-Ir-0. Third leg: metatarsus 0-1 prolateral; elswehere 0.
Fourth Jeg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-0; patella and tibia 0; metatarsus as
in third. Palpal spines: apparently only femur dorsal 0-0-1.

408 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Palp. Femur only slightly bent ventrally; both patella and tibia
short with latter about two thirds as long as former; tibial retrolateral
apophysis a short stout spur turned inward at tip; embolus a slightly
curved slender spine at tip of bulb (Figs. 365-366).

Abdomen. Almost a perfect oval in outline; longer than wide in
ratio of 19 : 15; with a moderately well developed dorsal shield cover-
ing nearly entire dorsum; anal tubercle an inconspicuous yellowish
white cone; six spinnerets small and closely crowded, anterior pair
stoutest; position of colulus uncertainly indicated; tracheal spiracle
near base of spinnerets with lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: almost uniformly reddish brown; eyes
on black spots; white hairs on clypeus continued beneath ALE and
PLE to posterolateral corners and part way down posterior declivity |
as a somewhat indefinite stripe on each side. Sternum and mouth
parts different shades of reddish brown and brown. Legs: first pair
entirely reddish brown except the yellowish tarsi; second and third
pairs yellowish white with brownish ventral spots near distal ends of
femora and brownish spots at intersections of patellae, tibiae, meta-—
tarsi, and tarsi; fourth pair yellowish white with brownish prolateral
spots on coxae, distal two thirds of femora reddish brown and brownish
spots at intersections of patellae, tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi. Abdo-
men: dorsal shield reddish brown overlying a series of brownish and
yellowish chevrons in posterior two thirds; dorsolaterally on each side
is a discontinuous white stripe from base to about the middle, then a
white spot half-way to spinnerets; lateral sides brownish with narrow
alternate brownish and yellowish stripes; venter with a broad brownish
stripe from genital groove to base of spinnetets.

Female allotype. Total length 3.07 mm. Carapace 1.28 mm. long,
1.09 mm. wide at level of PLE, .70 mm. tall and, therefore, .64 as tall
as wide; other features essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one tenth of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of
about 25 : 23, wider than middle row in ratio of about 25 : 21. Quad-
rangle of Jaterals wider than Jong in ratio of 10 : 7. Total eye space
occupies two thirds of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME: PLE = 15:8 :2:8. AME barely separated from one
another and from ALE. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in
ratio of about 11 : 10. Height of clypeus equal to about two fifteenths
of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated as in male.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 409

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, of moderate size; basal segment .30
mm. long, excavated along medial border so that a smal] oval opening
exists between the two. Fang moderately robust, evenly curved.
Fang groove distinct; promargin with two teeth as usual; retromargin
with an obscurely fissidentate tooth, visible as such only from certain
angles.

Mazillae. Parallel, probably without minute tubercle at outer dis-
tal corner; otherwise as in male.

Lip. Slightly longer than wide. Otherwise essentially as in male.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 4 : 3. Otherwise essentially
as In male.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 21, of fourth leg 15.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 71 0 Ol yf 31 2.27
2. 08 28 32 .30 .26 1.74
3. O07 28 4 .o2 30 7
4. .90 .36 OL 45 32 2.54

Spines. First leg: tibia only ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only ventral
2-2; elsewhere 0, tibial and metatarsal spines robust, long. Second
leg: tibia ventral 0O-lr-0; metatarsus ventral 2-2; elsewhere 0. Third
leg: none observed. Fourth leg: metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral
0-1; elsewhere 0. No palpal spines.

Abdomen. Broadly ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 14 : 11, widest
a little behind the middle; other features essentially as in male.

Epigynum. Of moderate size; epigynal plate wider than long; with
a very shallow posterior marginal notch having a broad rim; two
strongly chitinized depressions nearly twice the width of one of them
apart (Fig. 367).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally reddish brown, somewhat
lighter than in male; eyes on black spots; white lanceolate hairs scat- -
tered over surface except for triangular area overlapped by abdomen
which is smooth and devoid of hair; with no definite stripes. Palps
yellowish white. Chelicerae light reddish brown; lips and maxillae
nearly the same with whitish tips. Sternum brown. Legs: first pair
generally reddish brown with tarsi and middle of metatarsi yellowish
white and numerous short white lanceolate hairs on dorsal surfaces
especially of tibiae and patellae; second and third pairs yellowish white
with distal two thirds of femora dark brown except dorsal] surfaces and
dark brown distal ends of patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi; fourth pair

410 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

“ with femora reddish brown except a narrow dorsal stripe, both ends of
patellae reddish brown and also distal ends of tibiae and metatarsi.
Abdomen: an indefinite central] dorsal brownish stripe to beyond mid-
dle, then a large central brown spot anterior to anal tubercle; dorso-
laterally a series of three poorly defined irregular reddish brown spots;
laterally a series of narrow irregular oblique brownish stripes; venter
with a broad brownish central stripe lighter through the middle and
bounded on each side by a row of yellowish dots.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
Aug., 1936; female allotype from Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936;
several paratypes of both sexes from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1936 and July, 1939; El Valle, R. P., July, 1936; Porto Bello,
Jats dees ZN eo, OBIS,

ZYGOBALLUS MACULATIPES Petrunkevitch, 1925

Only known from two females, one from Sona and the other from the
San Lorenzo River region of Panama. The species has not appeared
in my collection thus far.

ZYGOBALLUS OPTATUS spec. nov.
Figures 368-372

As already pointed out, this species is the one identified by Mr.
Banks as Z. rufipes Peckham.

Male holotype. Total length 2.60 mm. Carapace 1.38 mm. long,
1.09 mm. wide at Jevel of PLE which occupy the full width of the cara-
pace, .83 mm. tall and, therefore, about .76 as tall as wide; thoracic
part gently arched from AME to just behind PLE from which place
the steep declivity continues to posterior border in the typical manner
for the genus; at the top the steep declivity only slightly concave; no
median thoracic groove observed.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one fifteenth of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of
about 10 : 9, wider than middle row in ratio of about 17 : 14. Quad-
rangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 25 : 18. Total eye space
occupies twenty thirty-firsts of the length of the carapace. Ratio of
eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 15:8:2:7. AME nearly con-
tiguous to one another and definitely so to ALE. Middle eyes closer

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 411

to ALE than to PLE in ratio of about 4 : 3. Height of clypeus equal
to one sixth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with a
weak ventral fringe of light colored bristles, one long brownish bristle
beneath outer border of each AME, a few inconspicuous loose white
lanceolate hairs, and three brownish upturned bristles in lower angle
between AME.

Chelicerae. Moderately porrect, divergent, and produced; basal
segment .47 mm. long; a fairly robust hook on basal segment in front
near distal end; with no basal boss. Fang of moderate size, rather
robust in basal three fifths, then slenderer and evenly curved to tip.
Fang groove distinct, considerably excavated; with two promarginal
teeth, a small medial one and a robust one a short distance toward
base of fang; retromargin with a small, somewhat fissidentate tooth
nearly opposite the smaller of the two promarginal teeth, and a large
process with ridges extending over much of the posterior surface of
the basal segment a little closer to base of fang than to fissidentate
tooth (a considerable degree of variation has been noted in both fissi-
dentate tooth and the “hammer-headed”’ process among paratypes);
these conditions shown in holotype (Fig. 368) and in a paratype (Fig.
369).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
9 : 5; only moderately concave in middle of outer border; outer distal
corner well rounded and without a tubercle or hook; scopula moder-
ately developed along truncature.

Inp. Wider than long in ratio of 11 : 9; transversely grooved at
base; well rounded distally. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Scutiform, quite convex; longer than wide in ratio of 13 :
10; widest between second coxae; anterior border slightly narrower than
base of lip; anterior coxae wider apart than base of lip; posterior end a
‘sharp point not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by
one sixth of their width.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 13, of fourth leg 12.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)’
1, .96 AT al 59 35 3.14
2p .64 385 44 45 Pill 2.19
3 .64 30 Bl Al py 2.04
4. 1.02 45 .64 04 38 3.03
Palp 46 222 12 — 40 1.20

First coxae and femora moderately enlarged. All legs with a moderate
supply of hair but without fringes or tufts.

412 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 1;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, the first pro-
marginal about one fourth from base, not well matched in pairs;
metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: femur only dorsal 0-1-1-1;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-1r-0; metatarsus as in first. Third leg:
femur only dorsal distal 1; patella and tibia 0; metatarsus only retro-
lateral 0-1. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1; patella 0; tibia only
ventral 0-0-2; metatarsus prolateral 0-1, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2.
PaJpal spines: apparently only femur dorsal distal 1.

Palp. Femur moderately bent ventrally; patella and tibia both
short, with latter only a little more than half as long as former; tibial
apophysis a long slender spine, gently sinuous, reaching almost to
division of bulb; bulb only moderately swollen, does not overlap tibia,
divided into a white anterior smaller Jobule and a larger reddish brown
posterior lobule; embolus arises near anterior end as a long slender
filament (Figs. 370-371).

Abdomen. Rather small; ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 11 : 7,
widest near middle; with a moderately well developed dorsal shield
covering practically entire dorsum; anal tubercle of moderate size; six
spinnerets small, closely crowded, with anterior pair stoutest, approxi-
mated; position of colulus indicated by a tuft of black hairs; tracheal
spiracle with distinct Jip near base of spinnerets but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: almost uniformly mahogany reddish
brown with a few white lanceolate hairs and slight iridescence. Cheli-
cerae reddish brown, streaked with dark brown; maxillae and lip
nearly the same with yellowish white tips. Sternum brown. Legs:
first legs with coxae and trochanters brown, femora reddish brown.
Patellae and tibiae yellowish white, metatarsi reddish brown, tarsi
brown; second and third legs unicolorous yellowish white; fourth legs
with coxae, trochanters and proximal ends of dorsal surfaces of femora
yellowish white, remainder of femora reddish brown, patellae reddish
brown at base but elsewhere yellowish white, tibiae yellowish white
with lateral reddish brown stripes; metatarsi and tarsi brownish. Ab-
domen: dorsal shield reddish brown; lateral sides dark brown with a
narrow oblique white bar near posterior end; venter dark brown bor-
dered by a row of yellowish dots on each side.

Female allotype. Total length 3.71 mm. Carapace 1.66 mm. long
(considerably overlapped by abdomen), 1.41 mm. wide, .96 mm.
tall and, therefore, about .68 as tall as wide; other features essentially
as in male.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 413

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one eighteenth of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of
about 13 : 11, wider than middle row in ratio of about 13 : 10. Quad-
rangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of about 13 :9. Total eye
space occupies about five sevenths of the length of the carapace. Ratio
of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 18 : 9.5 : 2.3 :9. AME barely
separated from one another, from ALE by one eighteenth of their
diameter. Middle row closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 15 : 11.
Height of clypeus equal to one sixth of the diameter of AME. Clypeus
decorated with a rich coat of long white lanceolate hair which shows
some iridescence, two long white bristles beneath each AME, and three
long upturned yellowish bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Fairly robust, vertical, parallel; well rounded in front
where there are many short white loose scales; no basal boss observed;
basal segment .57 mm. long. Fang fairly robust, evenly curved. Fang
groove distinct; with two promarginal teeth, inner small, outer of
moderate size; retromargin with a single typical fissidentate tooth.

Mazxillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male. ;

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 18, of fourth leg 12.

Femora Patellae _ Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
IL. 1.05 63 17: 54 45 3.44
2. 83 48 7 04 185 2.07
3. 83 43 51 61 38 2.76
4. 1.28 .60 .96 83 43 4.10

Spines. First leg: patella 0; elsewhere as in male except tibia] and
metatarsal spines more robust. Second Jeg: femur only dorsal 0-O-1-1;
patella 0; tibia only ventral I1r—lr—1r; metatarsus as in first. Third leg:
metatarsus only prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1; elsewhere as in male.
Fourth Jeg: femur dorsal 0-1-0-1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 1p-0-2;
metatarsus as in male. No palpal spines observed.

Abdomen. Much more robust than in male; longer than wide in
ratio of about 3 :.2, widest in middle; with no indication of a dorsal
shield; other features essentially as in male.

Epigynum. Simple; with a shallow acute posterior marginal notch;
main part of plate somewhat swollen through middle; near anterior
border are two depressions nearly two diameters of one of them apart
(Fig. 372).

414 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Color in alcohol. Carapace: nearly uniformly reddish brown, covered
by many white hairs to give a grayish appearance; eyes on black spots.
Palps yellowish white. Chelicerae reddish brown; maxillae and lip
much the samie with whitish tips. Sternum brown. Legs: first pair
with reddish brown trochanters and femora, tarsi brown, other seg-
ments yellowish white with reddish brown markings, coxae with a
single small prolateral and retrolateral spot, patellae reddish brown at
base and with a distal dorsal spot, tibiae with a dorsal and a prolateral
stripe on each; second leg yellowish white with reddish brown markings
the most important of which are a broad prolateral femoral stripe be-
coming a bar across tip of femur and base of patella and then continu-
ing as a prolateral stripe to tip of tibia, also a narrow dorsal tibial
stripe in distal half; other legs somewhat like second with variations. -
Abdomen: reddish brown with four pairs of dorsal light spots in ante-
rior three fourths; lateral sides brown with many narrow yellowish
dotted lines; venter dark brown from genital groove to base of spinner-
ets bounded on each side by a row of yellowish dots and bearing cen-
trally two more rows of yellowish dots.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area, June,
1939; female allotype from the same locality, Aug., 1936. Numerous
paratypes of both sexes from: Canal Zone Biological Area, June—July,
1934; June-July, 1936; June-July, 1939; El Valle, R. P., July, 1936;
Chilibre, C. Z., July, 1939; C. Z. Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug., 1939;
El] Cermeno, R. P., Jan.—Feb., 1940 (Zetek).

Peckhamia Group

Genus PECKHAMIA Simon, 1901

Only Peckhamia variegata (F. Cambridge) has been previously
known from Panama. Peckhamia prescotti sp. nov. must now be
added to the list. The two species may be separated by the following
key:

Key to the species of Peckhamia
Males

1. Palp: diameter of circle in distal part of bulb nearly half as great as length
of bulb itself; embolus terminally long and slender. . . P. prescotti (p. 415)

1. Palp: diameter of circle in distal part of bulb about one third as great as
length of bulb itself; embolus with a distinct terminal enlargement.......
P. variegata, (p. 418)

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 415

Females

1. Epigynum: plate fully twice as wide as long; with spermathecae and asso-
ciated tubules confined to posterior margin.......... P. prescotti, (p. 415)

1. Epigynum: plate much less than twice as wide as long; with spermathecae
and associated tubules occupying a large partion theypl ates ewe ee

P. variegata, (p. 418)

PECKHAMIA PRESCOTTI spec. nov.
Figures 373-375

Male holotype. Total length 3.52 mm. Carapace 1.92 mm. long,
1.15 mm. wide at level of PLE which project slightly beyond margin
at their position, .96 mm. tall and, therefore, .83 as tall as wide;
gently arched from AME to PLE, then with a sudden descent to a
groove just behind PLE, then with a nearly gradual descent to posterior
border (Fig. 373); with very little difference between steep posterior
declivity and that portion of the descent in front of it; Smee very
finely granulate.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one third of the diameter
of ALE. Anterior and posterior rows about equal in width, both wider
than middle row in ratio of 23 : 20. Quadrangle of laterals about as
wide as long although general appearance denies this. Total eye space
occupies about eleven seventeenths of length of carapace. Ratio of
eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 16: 7.5 : 2 : 8. AME almost con-
tiguous, separated from ALE by one sixth of the diameter of AME.
Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 6 : 11. Height of
clypeus equal to one half the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated
only by scattered light colored simple hairs and three long upturned
bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, essentially parallel; outer borders gently con-
cave; medial borders strongly concave so that a distinct diamond-
shaped opening exists between basal segments; basal segment .58
mm. Jong. Fang robust at base, slender and evenly curved elsewhere.
Fang groove distinct; with two promarginal teeth at media] angle; a
single, low, typically fissidentate tooth on retromargin.

Mazillae. Paralle]; somewhat dilated distally; longer than wide in
middle in ratio of 11 : 6; only slightly notched in middle of outer bor-

416 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

der; considerably excavated contiguous to lip; outer distal corner
smoothly rounded.

Lip. Somewhat convex on posterior surface; longer than wide in
ratio of 7 : 6; basal excavations obscure; reaches to middle of maxillae.
Sternal suture essentially straight. ;

Sternuwm. Nearly diamond-shaped; longer than wide in ratio of 37
: 24, widest between second coxae where it is angular; very slightly
convex; anterior border bilobed, much narrower than base of lip;
posterior end slightly bilobed and not extended between fourth coxae
which are nearly contiguous. Anterior coxae much the stoutest, but
only slightly longer than fourth; fourth trochanter much the longest.

Legs. 412=3. Tibial index of first leg 18, of fourth leg 12.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1 NLS oll 83 DM 30 3.67
IB. .90 43 83 wiki .36 3.29
3. 95 A5 .64 .90 34 3.28
4, seele3() 46 .96 1.13 .36 4.21
Palp 58 .24 .08 — 51 1.41

First leg much enlarged, with patella and tibia somewhat flattened
dorsally with sharp edges along promargins and retromargins. All legs
with little hair and with no fringes.

Spines. First leg: femur with only dorsal 0-O0-1-0, prolateral distal
1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, with pairs fairly well matched
and occupying only about the distal half of segment and the last pair
not terminal; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur only
dorsal 0-0-1; patella 0; tibia apparently only ventral 0-lr-0; meta-
tarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0; ventral 0-lr-0. Third leg: femur
and patella as in second; tibia and metatarsus 0. Fourth leg: only femur
dorsal 0-1-0; elsewhere 0. No palpal spines observed.

Palp. With the usual pattern found in Peckhamia. Femur straight;
patella and tibia both short with latter about a third as long as former;
tibial retrolateral apophysis a stout spur; bulb moderately swollen,
with a broad tubule extending along border of bulb in a Joop from base
to curved embolus; embolus originates near anterior end of bulb,
curves nearly through a complete circle, then continues nearly to
distal end of ceymbium without a terminal enlargement (Fig. 374).

Abdomen. Short and broad; longer than wide in ratio of 14 : 9,

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 417

widest two thirds from base; with a very slight constriction at end of
first third; with a well developed complete dorsal shield; spinnerets
short and inconspicuous; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets, with
well chitinized lip but no true tubercle; area in front of genital groove
strongly chitinized and extending laterally and dorsally nearly to
dorsal shield; probably not to be considered truly pedunculate.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally dark brown, almost black in
interocular region; a few long white lanceolate hairs from ALE and
PME to ventral border; a white short band reaching from ventral
border nearly to PLE which also have a few white hairs around them;
this white band lies just dorsal to white second coxae and is seen well
only in certain light. Legs: first leg dark reddish brown except the
yellowish white tarsi and metatarsi; second leg with femur, tarsus,
distal half of metatarsus, prolateral side of patella and tibia, and retro-
lateral side of the latter nearly black, elsewhere yellowish white; third
leg with tarsi and metatarsi yellowish white, elsewhere black; fourth
leg with tarsi, distal third of metatarsi and ventral sides of patellae
yellowish white, elsewhere black. Chelicerae reddish brown. Sternum,
lip, and maxillae dark brown, the latter two with whitish tips. Abdo-
men: dorsal area dark brown, lateral sides and ventrolateral regions
black with very narrow yellowish stripes; venter brownish, bordered
with yellowish dots.

Female allotype. Total length 3.65 mm. Carapace 1.60 mm. long,
.88 mm. wide at level of PLE, .67 mm. tall and, therefore, .76 as tall
as wide. Otherwise as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved as in male. Quad-
rangle of laterals slightly longer than wide. Total eye space occupies
three fifths of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE :
PME : PLE = 13 :6:1.75:6. Height of clypeus equal to five
thirteenths of the diameter of AME. Otherwise as in male.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; unmodified as in male (without medial
excavations); basal segment .38 mm. long. Otherwise as in male.

Mazxillae and Lip. Essentially as in male.

Sternum. Less angular than in male; mildly convex; longer than
wide in ratio of 16 : 9; widest between second coxae; anterior border
notched in middle, about as wide as base of lip; posterior end pointed
and not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by about
one fourth their diameter. Anterior coxae stoutest but posterior coxae
longest, also the same with respect to fourth trochanter.

Legs. 4321. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 10.

418 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 12 42 42 38 .26 2.25
2. 70 .30 1 45 ol 2.27
3. 70 30 O4 63 20 2.47
4 1.10 44 18 83 t9) 3.50

First legs somewhat enlarged but not modified to the extent seen in
male. .

Spines. First leg: femur and patella; 0 tibia and metatarsus essen-
tially as in male, with spines very long, on tibia occupying distal four
fifths of segment. Second leg: apparently only metatarsus ventral
0-1(middle)-0. Third and fourth legs apparently 0. Palpal spines 0.

Abdomen, Dorsal shield less extensive than in male, separated into.
a small anterior cap and a larger posterior part by a more marked
abdominal constriction than found in male. Otherwise essentially as
in male.

Epigynum. A rather large epigynal plate with two chitinized curved
margins bordering a pair of yellowish white areas and separated by a
narrow low septum; whole plate more than twice as wide as long;
with no posterior marginal notch (Fig. 375).

Color in alcohol. In general almost identical with that of male.
First legs much lighter; second coxae and trochanters white; fourth
trochanter white ventrally.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
Aug., 1939; female allotype from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939. Numer-
ous paratypes of both sexes from the following localities: Canal Zone
Biological Area, July—Aug., 1936; June-Aug., 1939; Madden Dam,
C. Z., Aug., 1939; Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug., 1939;
Arraijan, R. P., Aug., 1936.

PECKHAMIA VARIEGATA (F. Cambridge), 1900

Synageles variegata F. Cambridge, 1900
. variegata Simon, 1901

. variegata Simon, 1903

. variegata Petrunkevitch, 1911

. variegata Petrunkevitch, 1925

. variegata Banks, 1929

jel las) nef as) eI

Apparently only known from Panama. Numerous males and females
from the following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June—July,
1934; June, 1936; June, Aug., 1939; Arraijan, R. P., Aug., 1936; El

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 419

Valle, R. P., July, 1936; Frijoles, C. Z., Aug., 1986; Madden Dam
region, C. Z., Aug., 1939; Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939; Chilibre,
C. Z., July, 1939.

ULUELLA gen. nov.

Carapace moderately high, fairly long, rather flat dorsally in cephalic
region, with lateral sides nearly parallel in cephalic region, widest just
posterior to PLE, with a rather sharp decline just behind PLE and
then with a gradual decline to beginning of steep posterior declivity
which is gradual and somewhat concave; with a fairly conspicuous
median Jongitudinal thoracic groove a little more than half-way from
PLE to steep posterior declivity. Eyes: anterior row moderately
recurved; PME about midway between ALE and PLE; PLE occupy
full width of carapace; anterior and posterior rows equal] in width;
quadrangle of laterals considerably wider than long; total eye space
occupies about half the length of the carapace. Clypeus practically
lacking. Chelicerae: quite variable in males; generally somewhat
porrect, somewhat divergent and mildly produced and modified in
males, much less so in females; distinct fang groove with a single
typical fissidentate tooth on retromargin in both sexes. Mazillae
strongly convergent and angulate in males, less so in females. Sternum
moderately broad, moderately convex, considerably narrowed between
first coxae, widest between second. Legs: 1423 in males, 4132 in fe-
males; first pair with much enlarged coxae, compressed and deepened
femora, not much modified elsewhere; leg spines somewhat reduced
in number. Abdomen: pedunculate; fairly compact; somewhat con-
stricted near middle; spinnerets of moderate size; whole body more or
less ant-like. Genotype: Uluella formosa sp. nov.

ULUELLA FORMOSA spec. nov.
Figures 376-383

This is the species identified by Mr. Banks from his collection of
1924 as Paradamoctas formicina Peckham. He had only a single
female. This is definitely not a Paradamoetas, for reasons recorded in
the description and, since it seems to have no place among the recog-
nized genera, a new one has been created for it. It may be considered
ant-like because of its somewhat pedunculate abdomen, the definite

420 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 372. Zygoballus optatus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.
Fig. 373. Peckhamia prescotti Chickering; male carapace, lateral view.
Fig. 374. P. prescotti Chickering; male palp, retrolateral view.

Fig. 375. P. prescotti Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 376-377. Uluella formosa Chickering; male body, dorsal view; carapace,
lateral view.

Figs. 378-379. U. formosa Chickering; male chelicera and maxilla.

Fig. 380. U. formosa Chickering; first leg, prolateral view.

Figs. 381-382. U. formosa Chickering; male palp, ventral view; and palpal
tibia, retrolateral view.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 4?1

constriction in the abdomen, and a kind of pseudoconstriction in the
carapace.

Male holotype. Total length 3.46 mm. Carapace 1.79 mm. long,
.98 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy slightly Jess than the
full width of the carapace at their level, .75 mm. tall and, therefore,
nearly .77 as tall as wide; ascent gradual from AME to PLE, then
with a sudden slight drop, and further very gentle decline to the steep
posterior declivity which is somewhat concave and which begins about
two fifths of the distance from PLE to posterior border (Figs. 376-377) ;
sides of cephalic part nearly vertical, slightly widened from ALE to
just behind PLE from which the thoracic part gradually narrows so
that width of carapace contiguous to pedicel is rather less than usual;
mildly constricted behind PLE with constriction extending in an arch
back to short longitudinal thoracic groove which lies at slightly more
than halfway from PLE to beginning of steep declivity; surface finely
granulate, especially in interocular area and along posterior declivity.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one ninth of the diameter
of AME. Anterior row only slightly wider than posterior row, wider
than middle row in ratio of 47 :41. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 47 : 32. Total eye space occupies twenty-one fortieths
of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE: PME:
PLE = 18 :7.5:1.5:7. AME contiguous with one another and
with ALE. Middle eyes equidistant from ALE and PLE. Clypeus
lacking. Only one long upturned brownish bristle in lower angle
between AME.

Chelicerae. A considerable degree of variation occurs in length and
general development of these organs among the paratypes. The
holotype is not one with the greatest development. Somewhat porrect,
somewhat divergent, strongly geniculate at base in front; considerably
excavated medially in distal half; very angulate, with strongly chitin-
ized edges along lateral dorsal margin; basal segment .45 mm. long.
Fang quite sinuous, with a low tooth about the middle of inner mar-
gin. Fang groove distinct, excavated in middle; with two promarginal
teeth at inner end of groove, the innermost very small, the other fairly
robust; retromargin with a typical fissidentate robust tooth and a low
irregular ridge extending to base of fang (Fig. 378).

Mazillae. Slightly convergent; longer than wide in middle in ratio
of 45 :17; considerably excavated contiguous to lip; quite deeply
notched in middle of outer border; outer distal corner with a small
tooth directed forward; with well developed scopula along truncature;

422 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

palp inserted into second quarter from base (Fig. 379).

Iip. Longer than wide in ratio of 13 : 10; moderately convex on
posterior surface; basal excavations reach about one third the length
of the organ; reaches a little beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal
suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of about 2 : 1; moderately con-
vex; anterior border somewhat narrower than base of lip; widest be-
tween second coxae from which place it gradually narrows to a point
not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by about one
fifth of their diameter. First coxae much enlarged and twice as long
as any other.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 16, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

ile .96 .60 .70 54 30 3.15
2. 71 43 43 45 29 2.31
3. .69 37 Al 44 4 2.25
4. 89 45 10 08 2 2.94
Palp 08 I) 16 = 45 1.38

First coxae much enlarged; first femora compressed laterally and
greatly deepened (Fig. 380); other segments not notably modified.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1, prolateral only distal 1;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus
only ventral 0-2-2. Second leg: femur dorsal 0-1—1-1, prolateral and
retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 1r—l1r—0, with second
very Jong; metatarsus as in first. Third leg: femur as in second; patella
and tibia 0; metatarsus only prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, but with
a ventral comb. Fourth leg: femur as in second except prolateral
lacking; patella and tibia 0; metatarsus as in third. Palpal spines:
only femur dorsal 0-O0-1-1.

Palp. Femur considerably bent ventrally; both patella and tibia
short, with the former about one fifth longer than the latter; tibial
retrolateral apophysis a stout spur of moderate Jength directed straight
forward; bulb moderately swollen, overlaps tibia about the length of
the latter; embolus a short, fairly stout spine turned ventrally and
somewhat retrolaterally (Figs. 381-382).

Abdomen, Pedunculate (Fig. 376); longer than wide in ratio of
about two to one; widest about three fourths from base where it is
somewhat dilated; mildly constricted near middle; anal tubercle an
inconspicuous short flattened cone; six spinnerets with anterior pair

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 423

short and approximated, posterior pair slender but only a little longer
and spread widely so that middle pair is plainly revealed, middle pair
the slenderest but about as long as posterior pair. Position of colulus
indicated by a tuft of black hairs; tracheal spiracle near base of spin-
nerets, with distinct lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: dark brown with waxy appearance,
nearly black in interocular area; with a moderate supply of clear
iridescent scales and a few white lanceolate hairs over at least most of
the cephalic part; an incomplete narrow white bar extends from the
interval between first and second coxae over the mild constriction,
thus accentuating the depth of thé constriction. Chelicerae brown.
Maxillae and lip brown with yellowish tips. Sternum brown. Legs:
first pair with brown coxae, trochanters and femora, patellae and tibiae
lighter with dorsal surfaces yellowish, metatarsi dark brown, tarsi
yellowish, all segments with many white scales especially on prolateral
surfaces; second pair with coxae almost white, femora brown, tarsi
yellowish white and patellae, tibiae and metatarsi reddish brown
laterally and yellowish white elsewhere; third pair much like second;
fourth pair nearly al] reddish brown except the white coxae and yel-
lowish white tarsi with reddish brown lateral stripes. Abdomen: with
many iridescent scales; nearly black at base, lateral sides and venter;
dorsum brownish; on each lateral side about two thirds from base is a
narrow, white, gently recurved bar and a small, faintly indicated light
spot about one third from base.

Female allotype. Total length 4.29 mm. Carapace 1.92 mm. long,
1.09 mm. wide just behind PLE which occupy almost entire width of
carapace, .75 mm. tall and, therefore, about .69 as tall as wide. Other
features essentially as in male.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved as in male. Width
of three rows essentially as in male. Quadrangle of laterals wider than
long in ratio of 50 : 37. Total eye space occupies one half the length of
the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE: PME: PLE = 18:8:
1.5 : 7. Middle eyes definitely but slightly closer to ALE than to PLE.
Height of clypeus equal to nearly one ninth of the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated with a fringe of ventral] brown bristles, two or three
long brown bristles beneath each AME, and three Jong upturned brown
bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Moderately robust, very strongly swollen obliquely in
middle in front about one third from base; moderately excavated
medially; with a strongly chitinized ridge in position of basal boss;
basal segment .46 mm. long. Fang of moderate size, evenly curved.

494 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Fang groove with two promarginal teeth and a single fissidentate
retromarginal tooth as in male.

Mazxillae. Essentially as in male except they are less angular and
have no tubercle or tooth at outer distal corner.

Inp. Essentially as in male.

Sternum. Essentially as in male except somewhat narrower; longer
than wide in ratio of 19 : 9. Fourth coxae separated by one half their
width.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 19, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

I 83 04 .64 43 32 2.76
2. 64 15) 45 .40 .28 2.12
3. .70 44 38 44 2 2.28
4. .96 45 .70 08 08 3.07

First pair enlarged as in male. Palps with a curious decoration of
long white lanceolate hairs; patella with many of these hairs but
apparently the arrangement is irregular; tibia with two more or less
complete whorls of erect lanceolate hairs; tarsus with one whorl and
other hairs irregularly placed, also with a black prolateral fringe.

Spines. First leg: as in male with tibial and metatarsal spines
robust and long. Second leg: femur apparently only with three distals,
one each on dorsal, prolateral, and retrolateral surfaces; patella 0;
tibia only ventral Ir-lr—lr, middle one very long; metatarsus only
ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur as in second; patella and tibia 0; meta-
tarsus as in male. Fourth leg: femur dorsa] 1-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral distal 1; elsewhere as in male. Palpal spines: apparently only

femur dorsal 0-0-1.

Abdomen. Essentially as in male.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate about as long as wide; apparently with
no posterior marginal notch but a lip a short distance in front of the
margin; near the center are two depressions a ‘little more than a
diameter of one of them apart; anterior to these are two curved chitin-
ous plates (Fig. 383).

Color in alcohol. Very nearly like that of male. Legs somewhat
lighter. Abdomen: dorsum with four nearly black bars in anterior two
thirds; in center of the constriction is a short bar, broad in middle but
narrowed laterally; in front of this is a narrow recurved bar and behind
it is another broad and longer bar extending over to lateral sides;

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 425

laterally with two white spots on each side and a rounded black spot
at the posterior dilation. |

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,

July, 1939; female allotype from the same locality, Aug., 1939.
Numerous paratypes of both sexes from the following localities:
Canal Zone Biological Area, Aug., 1936; June-July, 1939; El Valle,
R. P., July, 1936; Madden Dam region, C. Z., Aug., 1939; Boquete,
R. P., July, 1939.

bn =

Zuniga Group
Key to the genera in the Zuniga Group

. First leg much enlarged and chelate; first tibia with well developed black

ventral fringe. Eyes: PME equidistant from ALE and PLE; quadrangle
of laterals about two thirds as long as wide; total eye space occupies slightly
less than half the length of the carapace. Carapace: not constricted; with
no marked drop between PLE and posterior steep declivity..............

Chirothecia, (p. 426)

. Not with combination of characters given above.....................- 2
. First leg enlarged but not notably chelate; without a ventral fringe. Eyes:

PME considerably closer to ALE than to PLE; quadrangle of laterals
considerably wider than long; total eye space occupies about half the length
of the carapace. Carapace: not constricted; with a more or less definite
flat platform from PLE to posterior steep declivity .... Descanso, (p. 480)

. Not with combination of characters given above..,.................-. 3
. (Only female known) First leg not enlarged and without a ventral fringe.

Eyes: PME considerably closer to ALE than to PLE; quadrangle of laterals
considerably wider than long; total eye space occupies slightly less than
half the length of the carapace. Carapace: without constriction; without a
definite platform between PLE and posterior declivity; in profile, however,
with two regions of steep descent behind PLE........ Donatinus, (p. 439)

. Not with combination of characters given above.....................- 4
. First leg enlarged, moderately chelate and with a black ventral fringe on

tibia. Eyes: PME much closer to ALE than to PLE; quadrangle of laterals
somewhat wider than long; total eye space occupies considerably more than
half the length of the carapace. Carapace: without constriction; almost
flat from AME to‘ steep posterior declivity which begins half-way from
RGHRConpOsterion borders yee ne ae se eo ee ee Sebastira, (p. 442)

. First leg not enlarged, without ventral fringe. Eyes: PME about half-way

between ALE and PLE or somewhat closer to ALE; quadrangle of laterals
considerably wider than long; total eye space occupies half or less than half

‘ the length of the carapace. Carapace: more or less constricted behind PLE;

strongly convex in the same region.................... Zuniga, (p. 447)

426 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLO GY

Genus CuIRoTHECIA Taczanowski, 1878
CHIROTHECIA MODESTA spec. nov.
Figures 384-391

Male holotype. Total length 3.97 mm. Carapace 1.82 mm. long,
1.16 mm. wide at widest place, a little behind PLE; Jateral sides
considerably rounded; third row of eyes occupy twenty-four twenty-
sevenths of width of carapace; no thoracic groove visible; surface finely
granular; rather low; rises very gently from AME to PLE, then drops
slightly for about half the way to posterior border from which the
descent is steep and slightly concave (Figs. 384-385) ; slightly depressed
posterior and lateral to PLE; .71 mm. tall and, therefore, a little more
than seven twelfths as tall as wide. 5

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row strongly recurved with dorsal
borders of ALE slightly above those of AME. Posterior row wider
than anterior row in ratio of 48 : 43. Middle row almost as wide as
anterior row. Quadrangle of laterals about two thirds as long as wide.
Total eye space occupies a little less than half the length of the cara-
pace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 15 : 6.5 : 1.75 : 6.
AME almost touching one another, separated from ALE by about one
fifteenth of their diameter. Eyes of second row equidistant from ALE
and PLE. Height of clypeus about two fifteenths of the diameter of
AME.

Chelicerae. Somewhat divergent, moderately produced, consider-
ably modified and excavated along fang groove. Fang thickened in
basal third which has a blunt prolateral tooth, distal two thirds
slender and fairly evenly curved. Fang groove deeply excavated; with
a single large blunt promarginal tooth and a small one on the medial
side of the larger; a slender single retromarginal tooth (Fig. 386).

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
2 : 1; quite concave along outer margin; considerably widened distally
and drawn out into a distinctly flattened platelike lateral angle; dis-
tinetly gibbous along retrolateral surface in distal half; with a fairly
well developed black scopula along truncature.

Iip. Longer than wide in ratio of about 3 : 2; well rounded along.
distal border; with-basal excavations reaching a full one third of its
length. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Anterior border narrower than base of lip; longer than
wide in ratio of 19 : 11; widest between second coxae; with a distinct
space between second and third coxae; ends bluntly at posterior end

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 427

which is not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by
three tenths of their diameter.
Legs. 4=132. Tibial index of first leg 22, of fourth leg 11.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1 1.00 61 73 1d 7 3.44
2. 18 43 .50 48 1 2.50
3. 83 38 49 54 29 2.53
4. 1.10 49 84 67 33 3.43
Palp .60 18 .09 = .60 1.47

First femur, patella and tibia much thickened and laterally compressed ;
first coxa and trochanter also enlarged; first tarsi and metatarsi
slender (Fig. 387). First tibia with a heavy black ventral fringe; first
patella with a small ventral black fringe and white scales on prolateral
side.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0-O-1-1-1-0 and prolateral distal 1;
patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, crowded into distal three sevenths
of segment, those along promargin longer than those along retromar-
gin; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2, all in distal half of segment. Sec-
ond leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only ventral 0-1-1-0, with
both in middle of segment; metatarsus only prolatera] 0-1, ventral
lr-lr. Third leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia 0; metatarsus only
prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1. Fourth leg: apparently as in third.

Palp. Femur considerably curved and somewhat twisted, with
dorsal spines 0-O0-1-1; both patella and tibia short, the latter broader
than long; tibial apophysis a stout ventrally curved spur; bulb much
swollen, with a short, nearly straight spine at anterior end (Figs.
388-389). i

Abdomen. Somewhat pedunculate; somewhat constricted about one
third from base; widest about two thirds from base; posterior end
bluntly rounded; longer than wide in ratio of 18 : 11. Anal tubercle
short and flattened; all spinnerets short, the anterior pair most robust,
the posterior pair a little longer and slenderer, middle pair the shortest
and smallest; colulus visible as a tuft of dark bristles; tracheal spiracle
apparently near base of spinnerets.

Color in alcohol. All appendages generally dark colored: first coxae
and trochanters amber with dark streaks, other coxae and trochanters
yellowish with black prolateral stripes; first femora dark brown with
many loose white scales; second femora white dorsally and ventrally

428 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 383. Uluella formosa Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 384-385. Chirothecia modesta Chickering; male carapace, lateral and
dorsal views.

Fig. 386. C. modesta Chickering; male chelicera.

Fig. 387. C. modesta Chickering; first leg, prolateral view.

Figs. 388-3889. C. modesta Chickering; male palp, retrolateral view; palpal tar-
sus, ventral view.

Fig. 390. C. modesta Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 391. C. modesta Chickering; female cheliceral teeth.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 429

but black on prolateral and retrolateral sides; third and fourth femora
only with narrow white dorsal stripes, elsewhere nearly black; first
patellae and tibiae dark brown except the white scales on prolateral
side of patellae; second patellae and tibiae all brownish except the
black prolateral stripes; third patellae and tibiae light above and
below, black prolaterally and retrolaterally; fourth patellae and tibiae
mostly black with a very narrow white stripe along retromargin of
dorsal surfaces and a ventral yellowish stripe; first two pairs of meta-
tarsi and tarsi amber colored; third pair of metatarsi and tarsi with
black prolateral stripe on metatarsi, elsewhere yellowish; fourth pair
of metatarsi and tarsi mostly black. Carapace black with many loose
white scales; sternum gray. Abdomen nearly black with faintly indi-
cated narrow light colored band in the constriction and many small
iridescent scales particularly in region of constriction; venter grayish
brown.

Female allotype. Total length 4.67 mm. Carapace 1.75 mm. long,
1.06 mm. wide a little behind PLE; lateral sides not as rounded as in
male and relatively not quite as wide. Otherwise as in male.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical; not highly modified as in male; much
swollen in front from near basal medial corner to near base of fang;
apparently a well developed boss. Fang slender and evenly curved.
Fang groove with two promarginal teeth, the inner one small; a single,
fairly robust, retromarginal tooth (Fig. 391).

Eyes, Mazillae, Lip, and Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 4132. Tibia] index of first leg 23, of fourth leg 12.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)

it, sty) 1 .06 AT 20 2.60
2. 1 40 38 38 20 2.14
3. fil 34 44 45 34 2.28
4, 1.00 45 19 00 36 3.15

Spines. Second tibiae with ventral spines 0-1—-1-1. Otherwise essen-
tially as in male.

Abdomen. No constriction present as in male. Otherwise as in that
sex.

Epigynum. Rather closely similar to those in many species of Meta-
phidippus. With a deep posterior marginal notch; just in front of
notch appears a swollen transverse region; still further anteriorly are
two shallow depressions with comma-shaped outer margins (Fig. 390).

430 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Color in alcohol. Strikingly similar to that of male.
Type locality. Male holotype, female allotype, and one male para-
type from Boquete, R. P., July, 1939.

Genus Descanso Peckham, 1892

Simon (’01) placed Descanso in his Unidentati with Chirothecia,
Sebastira, etc. One species from Panama which I have placed in this
genus also has a single tooth on the retromargin of the fang groove,
but the other one is in some doubt because it seems to be transitional
between the two types. The three species from Hispaniola recently
placed in the genus by Miss Bryant (’43) all have a fissidentate tooth.

Key to the species of Descanso from Panama

s Males

1. With a definite semicircular platform behind PLE. Retromargin of fang
groove with a single tooth which is only obscurely fissidentate. Palp:
tarsus excavated basally and with a retrolateral basal pointed process;
embolus distinctly spiral at distal end of bulb...... D. peregrinus, (p. 435)

1. With a much less definite platform behind PLE. Retromargin of fang
groove with a single, simple, fairly robust tooth. Palp: tarsus not excavated
basally and without a basal retrolateral process; embolus a short, moder-
ately robust spine arising from anterior border of bulb. . D. insolitus, (p. 430)

4

Females

1. With a definite semicircular platform behind PLE. Epigynum: with a
slight posterior marginal notch; with two deep oval depressions in anterior
half of plate, separated by a distinct septum....... D. peregrinus, (p. 435)

1. With a much less definite platform behind PLE. Epigynum: with a well
defined posterior marginal notch; near middle of plate are two small pro-
curved semicircular depressions connected by a long, strongly recurved
ENG) Re AR ace eal ea ust eI MEME Seaver Meee reals a aes Selena D. insolitus, (p. 4380)

DESCANSO INSOLITUS spec. nov.
Figures 392-398

Mr. Banks had one male from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1924, but he did not describe it.

Male holotype. Total length 3.84 mm. Carapace 1.92 mm. long,
1.21 mm. wide at some distance behind PLE which occupy forty-five

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 431

SS

Mi

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 392-393. Descanso insolitus Chickering; female carapace, dorsal view;
male carapace, lateral view.

Figs. 394-395. D. insolitus Chickering; male cheliceral teeth; and first femur,

lateral view.

Figs. 396-397. D. insolitus Chickering; male palp, ventral view; palpal tibia,
retrolateral view.

Fig. 398. D. insolitus Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 399-460. D. peregrinus Chickering; male carapace, dorsal and lateral
views. ~

Fig. 401. D. peregrinus Chickering; first femur of male, lateral view.

Fig. 402. D. peregrinus Chickering; male palp, ventral view.

Fig. 403. D. peregrinus, Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

432 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

fifty-seconds of width at their level, .64 mm. tall and, therefore,
slightly more than half as tall as wide; general form similar to that of
D. chapoda Peckham to which I consider the species closely related;
interocular area gently convex; ascent very gentle from AME to
PLE, then with a rather steep decline to a very gently declined plat-
form, then the steep posterior declivity, which is gently concave, pro-
ceeds to posterior border; dorsal surface beaded but not as conspicu-
ously as in D. peregrinus sp. nov.; with a short median longitudinal
thoracic groove about half-way from posterior border of PLE to steep
declivity (Figs. 392-393).

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one sixteenth of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of.
45 : 42. Middle row shorter than anterior row in ratio of 20 : 21.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 45 :32. Total eye
space occupies five elevenths of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE : PME : PLE = 14.5 : 6.75 : 2.25 :7. AME separated
from one another by one fifteenth of their diameter, from ALE by
about the same distance. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in
ratio of about 4 : 5. Height of clypeus equal to one seventh of diameter
of AME. Clypeus decorated with: long whitish hairs, the longest of
which arise beneath AME and converge toward and overlap in the
middle line, and also project over bases of chelicerae; a few white
scale-like hairs along ventral margin; three stiff whitish bristles in
lower angle between AME; whitish scales around AME.

Chelicerae. Slightly porrect, essentially paralle], slightly produced;
basal segment .49 mm. long; swollen in a broad ridge from basal
medial corner to distal outer corner. Fang rather long and slender,
somewhat irregular along outer margin. Fang groove somewhat
excavated; promargin with two small teeth, the medial one very
minute; retromargin with a single, simple, long, pointed, fairly robust
tooth (Fig. 394).

Maxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about
5 : 2; deeply concave along outer border; partly hidden by enlarged
first coxae; somewhat dilated distally and somewhat excavated con-
tiguous to lip.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of about 5 : 4; distal end about two
thirds as broad as base; partly hidden by first coxae. Sternal suture
probably straight but partly hidden by enlarged first coxae.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 19 : 10; probably widest be-
tween second coxae but anterior half partly hidden by first and second

_ CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 433

coxae. First coxae separated by one fourth the maximum width of
sternum. Posterior end a blunt point not extended between fourth

coxae which are almost in contact.
Legs. 1432. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 1.00 71 71 60 33 3.35
2, 75 45 44 A5 Sil 2.40
aH 80 40 A4 51 31 2.46
4. 1.02 AT 62 62 31 3.04
Palp 58 20° aul as 51 1.40

First much the stoutest but not as greatly enlarged as in D. peregrinus
sp. nov. (Fig. 395). First patella and tibia with light colored weak
fringes along retrolateral and prolateral surfaces; in certain light these
show considerable iridescence; first tibia also with a weak fringe of
black hair on ventral side.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal 0O-O-1-1-1, regularly diminishing in
size toward distal end, prolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral
0Q—2-2-2; metatarsus only ventral 0-2-2; all tibial and metatarsal
spines robust and arising from raised bases. Second leg: femur and
patella as in first; tibia only ventral 0-lr-2; metatarsus only ventral
O0-1r-2. Third leg: femur and patella essentially as in first except retro-
lateral distal 1; tibia prolateral and retrolateral 0-1-0, ventral 0-O-1p;
metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1, ventra] 0-2. Fourth leg:
femur and patella as in third; tibia only ventral 1p—lp-—2; metatarsus
prolateral 1-1; retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2. Palpal spines: only femur
dorsal 0-O-1-1-1.

Palp. Femur considerably curved, with a few dorsal white irides-
cent scales; both patella and tibia short, with former longer than latter
in ratio of slightly less than 2 : 1; tibial retrolateral apophysis a simple,
fairly stout spur; bulb much swollen, overlapping tibia considerably;
embolus a short stout spine curved ventrally (Figs. 396-397).

Abdomen. Almost perfectly oval in outline; longer than wide in
ratio of 87 : 54; widest about three fifths from base; not notably
pedunculate; without a scutum; without a definite constriction, but
about one third from base is a narrow band formed by cessation of
small light colored iridescent scales, dark pigment, and black bristles
which seems to simulate a constriction; anterior spinnerets robust,
short; posterior spinnerets longer by terminal segment, not widely
spread apart; middle spinnerets mostly hidden, slender and about as

434 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

long as anterior pair. Anal tubercle a fairly prominent, short, broad
cone. Position of colulus indicated by a small tuft of bristles. Tracheal
spiracle near base of spinnerets, without tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Palp: femur yellowish, streaked with gray laterally
and reddish distally; tibia, patella and base of cymbium streaked with
reddish; remainder of cymbium yellowish. Lip and maxillae amber
color. Chelicerae brownish amber. Legs: first coxae light amber with
white scales on retrolateral surfaces, other coxae yellowish white, third
and fourth with dark prolateral stripes; other segments mostly brown
of different shades, femora dark with some iridescence and white scales,
first metatarsi yellowish white, second metatarsi and tarsi also yellow-
ish white; on third and fourth legs white scales and reddish brown color
form more or less definite stripes. Carapace: brown with all but pos-
terior declivity and lateral sides covered with slender whitish procum-
bent scales; on ventral margin opposite third coxae a narrow stripe of
whitish scales arises and passes back to near middle where it arches
up the posterior declivity about half-way. Abdomen: brownish with
small whitish scales with some iridescence covering entire dorsum
except the pseudoconstriction already noted; epigastric plate brownish
gray; a large white procurved spot behind genital groove; elsewhere
dark brownish gray.

Female allotype. Total length 4.16 mm. Carapace 2.06 mm. long,
1.21 mm. wide, .71 mm. tall; perhaps slightly more convex in inter-
ocular region than in male, but otherwise as in that sex.

Eyes. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 47 : 42.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 47 : 32. Total eye
space occupies nineteen forth-sixths of length of carapace. Otherwise
as in male.

Chelicerae. Basal segment .45 mm. long, less swollen in front than in
male, slightly excavated medially, fang groove less deeply excavated
than in male but fang and teeth essentially as in that sex.

Mazillae, Lip, and Sternwm. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 4123. Tibial index of first leg 25, of fourth leg 16.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 89 .67 .62 45 ol 2.94
2 71 48 44 42 30 2.38
io 18 36 40 51 23 2.38
4. 1.02 S57 tik .64 36 3.30

First leg enlarged and fringed essentially as in male.
Spines. First leg as in male. Second leg: femur and patella as in

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 435

male; tibia only ventral 0-lr—-Ir. Third leg: femur and patella as in
male; tibia as in male except the single retrolateral seems to be lacking;
metatarsus as in male. Fourth leg :femur and patella as in male; tibia
only ventral 1p—O0-2; metatarsus as in male except ventral 0-lp.
Palpal spines: only dorsal distal 1.

Abdomen. Slightly damaged but apparently as in male.

Epigynum. A simple, strongly chitinized plate; a fairly deep poste-
rior marginal notch; near middle are two small procurved semicircular
depressions connected by a long recurved arch (Fig. 398).

Color in alcohol. As in male except on abdomen. Abdomen: dark
gray dorsally and laterally; venter with the white spot just behind
genital groove Jarger and extended to a narrow central stripe beyond
the middle which reaches to base of spinnerets with some gray flecks
included. i

Type locality. Male holotype from Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939;
female allotype from Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1939. One
male paratype from E] Valle, R. P., July, 1936.

DESCANSO PEREGRINUS spec. nov.
Figures 399-403

Male holotype. Total length 3.15 mm. Carapace 1.64 mm. long,
1.02 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy almost the entire width
of carapace, .51 mm. tall and, therefore, one half as tall as wide; general
form very similar to D. vagus Peckham; interocular area almost flat;
behind PLE there is a sharp drop to a semicircular platform with a
very regular outer margin; a shallow groove just behind and, for a
short distance, below PLE; the last seventh of the total length is
occupied by the steep posterior declivity (Figs. 399-400); whole sur-
face finely beaded in short irregular rows; no thoracic groove present.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one sixth of the diam-
eter of ALE. Anterior row narrower than posterior row in ratio of 38 :
45. Middle row slightly narrower than anterior row. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than Jong in ratio of about 9 : 7. Total eye space occu-
pies a little less than four sevenths of length of carapace. Ratio of
eyesy AVE AU Vi PR 5 Gs 15 25:5. AMIN, ‘sepa-
rated from one another by one twelfth of their diameter, from ALE by
one sixth of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE
in ratio of nearly 1 : 2. Height of clypeus equal to one third of the

436 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

diameter of AME. Anterior row set far out anterior to clypeus so the
latter is strongly receding. Clypeus decorated with numerous white
hairs which sparsely fill the space beneath ALE and the whole clypeus
is covered with longer white hair converging toward middle line and
there overlapping medially; also with two stiff bristles in lower angle
between AME (the third may be broken off).

Chelicerae. Vertical, slightly convergent, rather small; not pro-
duced but deeply excavated medially so that a large round opening
exists between the two basal segments. Fang rather slender, evenly
curved. Fang groove difficult to see without serious injury to speci-
men; apparently with a strongly chitinized ridge on promargin with
two small teeth on it; retromarginal tooth appears to be a low fissi-
dentate biscuspid tooth but its true condition is uncertain.

Mazillae. Essentially parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio
of about 3 : 2; very gently concave along outer margin; moderately
dilated distally: with outer distal corner smoothly rounded.

Lip. About as long as wide; somewhat hidden by enlarged first
coxae. Sternal suture straight and narrow.

Sternum. General shape an elongated oval; longer than wide in ratio
of 7 : 4; widest opposite second coxae; anterior border five sixteenths
as wide as maximum width; posterior end pointed and not extended
between fourth coxae which are separated by only about one eleventh
of their width.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 26, of fourth leg 20.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. .66 42 AT .36 22) PILL
2. 55) ol 38 08 20 Usa
3. 58 .o2 30 28 22 1.85
4. 70 AQ AT 48 24 2.31
Palp 40 16 10 — 46 ale

First leg very stout; coxa, femur, patella and tibia especially enlarged;
femur .40 mm. wide in middle, strongly arched dorsally and com-
pressed laterally (Fig. 401); tibia and patella somewhat flattened
dorsally.

Spines. First leg: femur only with a row of four short spines begin-
ning near crest of dorsal arch and extending diagonally across to end
on the prolateral position at distal end; patella 0; tibia only ventral
2-2-2; metatarsus only ventral 2(displaced prolaterally)—2. Second
leg: femur and patella as in first except that femoral spines appear to
be three; tibia only ventral 1r-O-2; metatarsus probably only ventral

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 437

2-2, both small. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1, prolateral 0-O-1-0,
retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-O0-1p; metatarsus
only ventral 1p-lp. Fourth leg: femur apparently only prolateral and
retrolateral distal 1; patella and tibia as in third; metatarsus only
ventral 0-1p. Palpal spines: only femur dorsal 0-1-1-1.

Palp. Femur straight, with a few whitish hairs on dorsal distal half
of segment; both patella and tibia short but former longer in ratio of
8 : 5; tibia rounded out distally and excavated in correspondence,
apparently, with an unusual development of bulb and cymbium; tarsus
excavated basally at retrolateral corner and with a process which
appears to be from the base of bulb and passes out close to distal rim
of tibia, and continues into a slender pointed process lying close to a
short rounded apophysis modified from that part of the cymbium;
embolus is twisted into two full turns of a spiral at distal end of bulb
(Fig. 402).

Abdomen. Almost perfectly oval in outline; longer than wide in
ratio of 13 : 8; 1.66 mm. long; widest about three fifths from base;
doubtfully pedunculate in usual sense of that term; with a complete
scutum covering dorsum, most of lateral sides, and base; anal tubercle
partly hidden beneath scutum but plainly a short broad cone; spin-
nerets short and inconspicuous, anterior pair most robust, posterior
pair slender and longest by terminal segment, set quite far apart to
expose to view the middle pair which is also slender. Position of colulus
uncertain. Tracheal spiracle close to base of spinnerets and guarded
by a chitinized plate of moderate size; a chitinized plate covers nearly
entire area on venter anterior to genital groove; a central basal stripe
appears to be more strongly chitinized than remainder of venter.

Color in alcohol. Chelicerae light brownish. Maxillae light yellowish
with gray streaks. Lip grayish over a yellowish background and with
yellowish distal border. Palp brownish with gray streaks; bulb, cym-
bium and tibial rim dark brown. Sternum dark brown. Legs: gener-
ally different shades of brown with a finely beaded surface and a few
white appressed hairs; first and third coxae dark, second and fourth
light amber; all femora dark on lateral sides, lighter above; second
tarsi and metatarsi nearly black, others light amber; other segments
with varied shades of amber. Carapace: a rich dark mahogany brown,
still darker in interocular area; everywhere except on lateral sides of
posterior declivity with a rather sparse covering of appressed whitish
hairs; dorsal side of second coxae covered with white iridescent scales
continuous with a conspicuous but short diagonal bar directed back-
ward and upward covered with the same kind of white iridescent scales;

438 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

fourth coxae also with a few white scales with iridescence on dorsal
side but these are not continued onto carapace. Abdomen: also a rich
mahogany brown dorsally; slender white scales sparsely cover the
anterior fourth, at posterior margin of this scaled area there is a narrow
band devoid of scales simulating, to some extent, a constriction; be-
hind the pseudoconstriction abdomen is covered by a few white scales,
more numerous at sides in anterior half, and many short recumbent
light colored hairs; venter grayish with central part somewhat amber
colored from presence of more chitin.

Female allotype. Total length 3.90 mm. Carapace 1.70 mm. long,
1.08 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy slightly more than width
of carapace at that level, .64 mm. tal] and, therefore, about .60 as tall
as wide; otherwise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Viewed from in front, anterior row recurved about as in male;
anterior row narrower than posterior row in ratio of about 4: 5.
Middle row as in male. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio
of 10 : 7. Total eye space occupies twenty thirty-ninths of length of
carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 12:6:2:6.
AME seem to be almost in contact, separated from ALE by one eighth
of their diameter. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio of
4:9. Height of clypeus equal to five twelfths of the diameter of AME.
Three stiff bristles in lower angle between AME. Otherwise as in male.

Chelicerae. Rather small, vertical, slightly convergent, slightly exca-
vated at base, partly hidden by overlapping maxillae; fang fairly
long and slender, evenly curved; fang groove with two small promar-
ginal teeth and a single fissidentate retromarginal tooth of moderate
size (fang groove studied in paratype to avoid injury to holotype).

Mazillae. Longer than wide in ratio of 2 : 1; deeply but narrowly
notched in outer margin; broadened distally but not dilated; outer
distal corner with a slight protuberance.

Lip and Sternum. Essentially as in male except posterior coxae
separated by one sixth of their width.

Legs. 4132. Tibial] index of first leg 26, of fourth leg 18.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. .62 40 08 00 aD 1.97
Ps 209 ill 38 oo .20 1.77
3. 08 38 40 42 122 1.95
4. 79 Al OT £00 .29 2.61

First leg enlarged and modified much as in male but to a lesser extent.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 439

Spines. First leg: as in male except there are only two near distal
end on femur and both tibial and metatarsal spines are long and fairly
robust. Second leg: as in maJe except femur with only two dorsal and
metatarsus ventral only lr-O. Third leg: apparently only femur dorsal
0-0-0-1-1. Fourth leg: only femur dorsal distal | and tibial ventral
0-O-Ip. Spines difficult to see in female.

Abdomen. Longer than wide in ratio of 15 : 11; more clearly pedun-
culate than in male; scutum much smaller and divided into a small
anterior cap and a larger posterior part separated by the pseudocon-
_ striction which is broader than in male; central part of venter covered
with a fine thick fuzz and not chitinized as in male. Otherwise as in
that sex.

Epigynum. Of moderate size; with only a slight posterior marginal
notch; with two deep oval depressions nearly their long diameter from
the posterior border, separated by a distinct septum which is nearly as
wide as the short diameter of one of the depressions; a mass of coiled
tubules lies between posterior margin and the depressions (Fig. 403).

Color in alcohol. Almost exactly as in male except for differences due
to the restriction in the extent of the scutum and the presence of the
ventral light grayish fuzz. Palp a light yellowish white except the gray-
ish streaks on femur.

Type locality. Male holotype from Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939;
female allotype from the Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1936..
One female paratype from Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., July,
1939.

DONATINUS gen. nov.

Carapace moderately low, rather long and moderately narrow,
gently arched from AME to PLE; undulant in profile behind PLE;
widest in region of PLE; posterior steep declivity gradual and some-
what concave. Hyes: anterior row moderately recurved; PME con-
siderably nearer to ALE than to PLE; PLE occupy nearly full width
of carapace; posterior row slightly wider than anterior row; quad-
rangle of laterals considerably wider than long; total eye space occu-
pies a little less than half the length of carapace. Clypeus moderately
low. Chelicerae parallel, vertical, of moderate size; distinct fang groove
with a single simple retromarginal tooth. Mazillae parallel, unmodi-
fied. Sternwm rather long and narrow; widest in anterior third. Legs:
4132; fairly robust; with no fringes; first leg not enlarged; leg spines
reduced in number and size. Abdomen: pedunculate, moderately

440 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
stout; slightly constricted near middle; spinnerets of moderate size.
Whole body more or less ant-like. Genotype: Donatinus niger sp. nov.

DoNATINUS NIGER spec. nov.
Figures 404-406

Female holotype. Total length 7.04 mm. Carapace 3.26 mm. long,
1.66 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy almost the full width of
the carapace, 1.18 mm. tall and, therefore, .71 as tall as wide; cephalic
part inclined forward and somewhat convex, thoracic part descends
somewhat abruptly behind PLE, then is nearly level for some distance
to the steep declivity which begins about half-way from PLE to poste-
rior border (Figs. 404-405); lateral sides only slightly rounded from
PME to opposite third coxae; viewed dorsally, the first steep descent
behind PLE shows as a semicircular ridge, then there is a somewhat
semicircular platform and then the second declivity; no indications of
a median thoracic groove.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one fifteenth of the diam-
eter of AME. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of 25 : 22,
wider than middle row in ratio of 5 : 4. Quadrangle of laterals wider
than long in ratio of 10 : 7. Total eye space occupies seven sixteenths
of length of carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE =
22.5 :10.5 : 3.5 : 11. AME separated from one another by one twen-
tieth of their diameter, almost contiguous to ALE. Middle eyes closer
to ALE than to PLE in ratio of 13 : 8. Height of clypeus equal to
nearly one fourth the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated with a
weak fringe of light colored convergent bristles, three or four long
brown bristles beneath each AME, three long upturned brown bristles
in lower angle between AME. A few white simple hairs beneath ALE
and encircling AME.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical, of moderate size; basal segment .80
mm. long; front surface very rugulose; swollen near base medially to
near middle of outer border. Fang moderately robust, evenly curved.
Fang groove distinct; with three promarginal teeth close together on a
ridge; a single rather small simple retromarginal tooth only about one
third of the length of the groove from base to fang.

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in ratio of 34 : 15; only moder-
ately notched in middle of outer border; outer distal angle without
tubercle or hook.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 44]

Iip. Slightly wider than long; basal excavations reach a little more
than one third the length of the organ; reaches just beyond middle of
maxillae. Sternal suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 35 : 14; widest at interval
between first and second coxae; anterior border with lateral lobes,
narrower than base of lip in ratio of about 5 : 6; posterior end a slender
sharp point not extended between fourth coxae which are separated
by about one fifth of their width.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
1. 1.35 .69 .96 13 70 4.43
2. 1.15 .67 83 70 08 3.93
Bo 1.28 .67 85 .83 Ol 4.14
4. 1.84 .94 133 1.26 08 6.00

All legs robust, with a moderate supply of hair and no fringes. Palp:
with tibia and tarsus somewhat enlarged and these segments with a
reduced ventral and prolateral black fringe.

Spines. First leg: femur only prolateral distal 2; patella 0; tibia only
ventral 0-O-1p (Jacking on right); metatarsus only ventral l1p—lp, both
merely cusps. Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia 0; meta-
tarsus only ventral 1p-2, merely cusps. Third leg: femur prolateral
and retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-1p—Ip;
metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 1-2, ventral lp-lp. Fourth leg:
femur only prolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0-l1p—Ip;
metatarsus prolateral 0-1-1, retrolateral 0-1-2, ventral 0-2.

Abdomen. Pedunculate; ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of about
11 : 7, widest seven elevenths from base; slightly constricted about
five elevenths from base; anal tubercle as usual; spinnerets short and
inconspicuous; position of colulus indicated by a tuft of stiff black
bristles; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets and with distinct lip
but no tubercle; with four dorsal sigilla forming a quadrilateral figure
widest behind.

Epigynum. Superficially resembles that of Z. formosa (Banks);
plate fairly large with no posterior marginal notch, but with a swollen
region where notch would occur; anterior half of plate with two very
shallow depressions separated by a low septum and bounded by curved
margins (Fig. 406).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: almost black; with white hairs dis-
tributed generally everywhere and with some iridescence. Palp

449 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

nearly black except light brown tarsus. Chelicerae dark brown;
maxillae and lip the same with whitish tips. Sternum dark brown.
Legs: generally dark brown; third coxae and trochanters dark brown,
all others whitish with prolateral' and retrolateral brown spots; all
femora with narrow dorsal white stripes made by loose lanceolate
hairs; first and second patellae, tibiae and metatarsi light dorsally;
third patellae yellowish white in middle; fourth patellae yellowish
white in middle; fourth tibiae the same at distal end. Abdomen: gray-
brown with some iridescence and white hairs concentrated around and
along Jateral sides of constriction, making a poorly defined spot on
each side; a large whitish spot just posterior to genital groove made by
presence of loose white hair.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,
Aug., 1936. No paratypes.

Genus SEBASTIRA Simon, 1900
SEBASTIRA PLANA spec. nov.
Figures 407-412

This species runs down to Sebastira in Simon’s key, but it is impos-
sible to tel] whether it is the same as the one from Venezuela. In view
of the uncertainty I have thought it better to describe it as new.

Male holotype. Total length 3.32 mm. Carapace 1.72 mm. long,
1.28 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy the full width of the
carapace and even project a little beyond the margin (Figs. 407-408);
.76 mm. tall and, therefore, about .59 as tall as wide; almost flat dor-
sally from AME to steep posterior declivity which begins in middle
half-way from PLE to posterior border; surface, especially dorsal area,
granulate; with no indication of a thoracic groove; with a smal] amount
of simple hair, a few bristles, and a moderate supply of white lance-
olate hair to be noted later.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one twentieth of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of
nearly 5 : 4, wider than middle row in ratio of 4:3. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of about 5 : 4. Total eye space occu-
pies about seven tenths of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes
AME : ALE: PME : PLE = 16:8 :1.75:7.5. AME contiguous
with one another and with ALE. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to
PLE in ratio of 5 : 12. Height of clypeus equal to one eighth of the

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 443

External Anatomy of Spiders

Figs. 404-405. Donatinus niger Chickering; female carapace, dorsal and lateral

views.

Fig. 406. D. niger Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

Figs. 407-408. Sebastira plana Chickering; male carapace, dorsal and lateral
views.

Fig. 409. S. plana Chickering; male chelicera.

Fig. 410. S. plana Chickering; first leg of male, prolateral view.

Fig. 411. S. plana Chickering; male palp, ventral view.

Fig. 412. S. plana Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

444 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with a ventral fringe of
light brownish convergent bristles, three light brownish bristles be-
neath each AME, and three upturned light brownish bristles in lower
angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Porrect, produced; divergent from near bases; basal seg-
ment .83 mm. long. Fang long, slender, sinuous, with irregularities
along inner margin. Fang groove with two promarginal teeth near
medial end; retromargin with a single, simple, fairly large, sharply
pointed tooth about one third from base of fang (Fig. 409).

Mazillae. Slightly convergent; longer than wide in middle in ratio
of 23 : 10; deeply and acutely notched in middle of outer border;
outer distal corner mildly tuberculate.

Iip. Only slightly longer than wide; mildly notched in middle of -
distal border; quite convex from side to side on posterior surface; basal
excavations reach only one third of length of organ; reaches only two
fifths the length of the maxillae.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of about 5 : 3, widest between
second coxae; moderately convex especially between second and third
coxae; anterior border somewhat narrower than base of lip; posterior
end bluntly rounded and not extended between fourth coxae which are
nearly contiguous. First coxae the stoutest and longest.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 17, of fourth leg 12.

Femora Patellae ® Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals

(All measurements in millimeters)

te 1.15 .70 82 83 45 3.95
2. .70 38 48 1 32 2.39
3. 10 32 38 45 2 2.17
4, 92 48 62 58 32 2.92
Palp 61 .26 14 = 50 1.51

First pair of legs with femora considerably flattened on prolateral sur-
face and enlarged; patellae somewhat enlarged and with a small ven-
tral fringe on distal half; tibiae somewhat enlarged, somewhat com-
pressed laterally and with a well developed ventral fringe of black hairs
(Figs. 410). Other legs without fringes but with a moderate supply of
simple hair and white lanceolate hair.

Spines. First leg: femur dorsal O-O-1-1-1, prolateral distal 1;
patella only prolateral 0-1-0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2, occupying
distal two thirds of segment; metatarsus only ventra] 0-2-2. Second
leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only ventral 0-lr—2; metatarsus
only ventral 0-lr-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 0-1-1-1, prolateral and

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 445

retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only prolateral 0-1; metatarsus
only ventral 0-0-1p, retrolateral 0-1. Fourth leg: femur and patella
as in third; tibia only ventral 0-1p-0-2; metatarsus only prolateral
0-0-1, ventral 0-0-1p. Palpal spines: only femur dorsa] 0-0-1-1.

Palp. Femur considerably bent ventrally and twisted laterally;
patella nearly twice as long as tibia but both short; tibial retrolateral
apophysis a simple short stout spur; bulb quite strongly swollen,
especially in basal half which is nearly globular; embolus arises on pro-
lateral side of bulb and extends to near distal end of cymbium as a
slender curved spine (Fig. 411).

Abdomen. To a certain extent pedunculate; broadly ovate, longer
than wide in ratio of nearly 4 : 3; anal tubercle a short broad cone;
spinnerets short, anterior pair stoutest, posterior pair slightly the
longest, and middle pair slender and about as long as anterior pair;
position of colulus indicated by a small tuft of stiff black hair; tracheal
spiracle near base of spinnerets, with a distinct lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: reddish brown with eyes on black spots,
darkest in interocular area, lightest behind PLE; numerous white
lanceolate hairs all over surface, somewhat concentrated about eyes;
with some iridescence, probably from granulate surface. Chelicerae
reddish brown. Lip and maxillae deep amber, lighter at tips. Sternum
brownish. Legs: first pair generally dark reddish brown, metatarsi
yellowish white, femora with a dorsal streak of white lanceolate hair,
patellae and tibiae with a distinct white stripe on promargin of dorsal
surface and a much Jess distinct retromargina] white stripe; second
pair with brown femora, yellowish patellae and tibiae, both with pro-
lateral reddish brown stripe, metatarsi and tarsi yellowish white; third
and fourth much like second but patellae and tibiae with much more
reddish brown color; second, third, and fourth femora with much white
dorsal lanceolate hair. Abdomen: a poorly defined brownish dorsal
shield covers greater part of dorsum; lateral sides and venter brownish
gray; with numerous clear, transparent, iridescent scales all over
abdomen.

Female allotype. Total length 3.52 mm. Carapace 1.66 mm. long,
1.28 mm. wide at PLE, .64 mm. tall and, therefore, .50 as tall as wide;
otherwise essentially as in male.

Eyes. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of about 4 : 3,
wider than middle row in ratio of 60 : 43. Quadrangle of laterals wider
than long in ratio of about 4 : 3. Total eye space occupies almost two
thirds of the length of the carapace. Height of clypeus equals one
twelfth of the diameter of AME. Otherwise essentially as in male.

446 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; slightly excavated along middle of
medial border; considerably swollen in front obliquely near base; with
a small patch of white iridescent scales on apex of gibbosity; basal seg-
ment .36 mm. long. Fang of moderate size, evenly curved. Fang
groove distinct; with two promarginal teeth and a single, simple, fairly
robust tooth on retromargin.

Mazillae. Essentially as in male except they are less angulate.

Iip and Sternum. Essentially as in male.

Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 21, of fourth leg 14.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

ls 83 4 O4 48 .29 2.68
2. 64 38 38 38 26 2.04
3. 58 32 38 38 .28 1.94
4, 5 45 7 1 29 2.59

First tibia much shorter and broader than in male, but otherwise
essentially as in that sex.

Spines. First leg: apparently with no patellar spine; tibial and
metatarsal] spines robust and long; otherwise as in male. Second leg:
femur as in male; patella 0; tibia only ventral 0—-lr—lr; metatarsus
only ventral 2-2. Third leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral only distal
1; patella and tibia 0; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1, ventral 0-2,
retrolateral 0-2. Fourth leg: femur dorsal 1-1-1, prolateral and retro-
lateral distal 1; patella and: tibia 0; metatarsus only prolateral and
retrolateral 0-1, ventral 0-1p. Palpal spines: femur dorsal 0-1-1.

Abdomen. Oval in outline; longer than wide in ratio of nearly 3 : 2.
No indication of a dorsal shield as in male. Otherwise essentially as
in male.

Epigynum. Simple, small; a fairly deep posterior marginal notch;
to the right and left of the notch appears a fairly large spermatheca
leading forward through a conspicuous tubule; somewhat in front of
the middle of the plate are two slits somewhat oblique in position
(Fig. 412).

Color in alcohol. Almost identical with that of male except on abdo-
men. This part of body gray-brown all over dorsum while venter is
light brownish behind genital groove.

Type locality. Male holotype and female allotype from Canal Zone
Biological Area, Aug., 1939. Many paratypes of both sexes from the
following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934;
June—Aug., 1936; June—Aug., 1939; Ft. Davis, C. Z., Aug., 1936; El

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 447

Valle, R. P., July, 1936; Arraijan, R. P., Aug., 1936; Madden Dam
region, C. Z., Aug., 1936, 1939.

Genus Zuniga Peckham, 1892
Key to the species of Zuniga from Panama
Males
1. Total eye space occupies about three sevenths of length of carapace. Palp:
embolus completely encircles bulb and makes a second loop near middle of
Gyrmal MUNIN NS AE cralanless Naor OMS Rta Clon eee ose relearn e Z. formosa, (p. 447)
1. Total eye space occupies half the length of the carapace. Palp: embolus
arises on prolateral side of bulb at base, passes forward and across to retro-
lateral side but lacks any terminal loop............... Z. furva, (p. 449)

ZUNIGA FORMOSA (Banks), 1929
Figures 413-415
Sarinda formosa Banks, 1929

Female allotype. Total length 9.28 mm. Carapace 4.35 mm. long,
1.79 mm. wide about half-way from PLE to posterior border where
carapace is as wide as at anterior row of eyes; PLE occupy just slightly
less than full ventral width at their level; 1.26 mm. tall and, therefore,
.70 as tall as wide; cephalic part inclined forward and somewhat con-
vex; PLE on prominent tubercles; descent abrupt behind PLE, then
continues with little change to steep posterior declivity which begins
nearly three fourths of distance from PLE to posterior border; thoracic
part low laterally and raised into a dorsal ridge centrally; surface finely
granulate; with only scattered white hairs with some concentration
along groove posterior to PLE and along mid-dorsa] ridge; with no
indication of a median thoracic groove.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one fifteenth of the
diameter of AME. Anterior row wider than posterior in ratio of 27 :
25, wider than middle row in ratio of 27 : 22. Quadrangle of laterals
wider than long in ratio of 6:5. Total eye space occupies thirty
sixty-sevenths of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE = 28 :15:3.5:15. AME contiguous to one
another and to ALE. Middle eyes closer to ALE than to PLE in ratio
of 3:4. Height of clypeus equal to three sevenths of the diameter of
AME. Clypeus decorated with a weakly developed coat of white hairs
and the following bristles: two black convergent bristles just beneath
AME, one black convergent bristle near ventral margin beneath AME,

448 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

and three Jong upturned brown bristles in lower angle between AME.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical; of moderate size; basal segment .96
mm. long. Fang moderately robust, evenly curved. Fang groove dis-
tinct; with four promarginal teeth; and a single, simple, fairly robust
retromarginal tooth.

Mazillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of 7 : 3; only
slightly notched in middle of outer border; outer border and outer dis-
tal corner strongly chitinized but without tubercle or hook; surface
slightly excavated contiguous to outer distal corner.

lip. Longer than wide in ratio of 25 : 22; basal excavations reach
three fifths of the length of the organ; reaches just beyond middle of
maxillae. Sternal suture straight.

Sternum. Long and tapering: longer than wide in ratio of 30 : 11,
widest at interval between first and second coxae; anterior border three
quarters as wide as base of lip; moderately convex, with secondary
convexities opposite first and second coxae; posterior end divided but
not extended between fourth coxae which are separated by about one
sixth of their diameter (Fig. 414). Fourth trochanter twice as long as
any other.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 8, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

1. 2.05 1.00 2.36 1.47 .64 7.52
2. 1.66 88 1.40 1.09 7 5.60
3. 1.98 90 1.47 1.40 .65 6.40
4. 3.07 1.02 2.62 2.18 .70 9.59

A]l legs slender, with little hair and no fringes. Palps with patellae,
tibiae, and tarsi enlarged, rounded, not flattened; with a dense black
prolateral fringe along these segments and on dorsal side of femora
composed of lanceolate hair.

Spines. First leg: femur and patella 0; tibia only ventral 2—2-2;
metatarsus only ventral 2-2-2. Second leg: femur only dorsal distal 1;
patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-1-1, ventral 2-2-2, not well matched;
metatarsus only ventral 2-2-2. Third Jeg: femur only prolateral distal
2; patella 0; tibia prolateral 0-1-1, retrolateral 1-1-1, ventral 2—1p-2;
metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 0-2-2. Fourth
leg: femur only prolateral and retrolateral distal 1; patella 0; tibia only
retrolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2-1p-2 on left and 1p—lp-2 on right; meta-
tarsus prolateral 0-1-2, retrolateral 1-1-2, ventral 2-2.

Abdomen. Pedunculate; longer than wide in ratio of 75 : 33; with a
slight constriction about three sevenths from base; widest just behind

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 449

constriction; anal tubercle as usua] in the genus; spinnerets crowded,
_ with anterior pair short and stout, posterior pair slender and longest;
_ position of colulus indicated by a prominent tuft of black hairs; region
between base of spinnerets and lip of tracheal spiracle with many black
bristles.

Epigynum. Of moderate size, much swollen; posterior marginal
notch fairly deep and very broad; main part consists of a smooth,
yellowish white area bounded by curved lines (Fig. 415).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: reddish brown, eyes on black spots;
white hairs generally distributed but they appear to be concentrated
on dorsal ridge from constriction to near posterior border and in the
constriction itself. Palps reddish brown with black fringe. Sternum
and chelicerae reddish brown. Lip and maxillae reddish brown with
whitish tips. Legs: first pair of coxae yellowish white, second the same
with brown retrolateral spot, third and fourth brown; all trochanters
yellowish white with brown spots; otherwise legs in general are reddish
brown, first and second femora and patellae yellowish white above,
femora also the same below. Abdomen: grayish brown in general; at
constriction there is a nearly black dorsal recurved bar, further back a
series of Jight and dark recurved bars; laterally gray-brown with a
white spot about two fifths from base and a very small white spot
further back; venter yellowish white just behind genital groove; else-
where brown with rows of yellowish dots.

Type locality. Female allotype from Cana] Zone Biological Area,
July, 1939; female paratypes from the same locality, Aug., 1936 and
June—July, 1939. Numerous males also from the same locality, June-
Aug., 1936 and June-Aug., 1939. Other males from El Valle, R. P.,
July, 1936; Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., July—Aug., 1939.

ZUNIGA FURVA spec. nov.
Figures 416-418

Male holotype. Total length 4.60 mm. Carapace 2.49 mm. long’
1.34 mm. wide just in front of PLE which do not occupy quite the full
width of the carapace, 1.04 mm. tall and, therefore, about .78 as tall
as wide; surface finely granulate; with no indication of a definite median
thoracic groove; with two long dorsal bristles about half-way from
PLE to posterior border.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line tan-
gent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one tenth of the diameter

450 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

of ALE. Anterior row wider than posterior row in ratio of 15 : 14,
wider than middle row in ratio of 5 : 4. Quadrangle of laterals wider —
than long in ratio of 60 : 48. Total eye space occupies half the Jength
of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 21 :
10.5 : 2.5 : 10.5. AME contiguous to one another and to ALE. Mid-
dje eyes equidistant from ALE and PLE or, perhaps, a little closer to
ALE. Height of clypeus equal to one third of the diameter of AME.
Clypeus decorated only with a weak fringe of white hairs and bristles,
two or three Jight brown bristles beneath each AME, and three long
upturned bristles in lower angle between AME. AME surrounded by
a ring of white hairs.

Chelicerae. Porrect, strongly divergent from bases; basal segment
1.10 mm. long; front surface covered by numerous white lanceolate
hairs each of which has a slender base. Fang Jong, slender, smuous,
attenuated distally. Fang groove with four teeth on promargin, three
of which are mounted on a common low tubercle; with a single retro-
marginal tooth, large, robust, and turned toward base of fang (Fig.
416).

Mazillae. Slightly convergent; longer than wide in middle in ratio
of about 2 : 1; slightly but acutely notched in middle of outer border;
palp inserted into basal two fifths; outer distal corner rounded; ante-
rior margin from notch to corner bladelike and strongly chitinized;
posterior surface striated contiguous to notch.

Inp. Longer than wide in ratio of 5 : 4; basal excavations reach
almost half the length of the organ; reaches just beyond middle of
maxillae. Sterna] suture gently procurved.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 23 :13; widest between
second coxae; tapered to a blunt posterior point not extended between
fourth coxae which are separated by nearly one fifth of their width;
anterior border almost as wide as base of lip; moderately convex,
especially between second and third coxae.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 7, of fourth leg 9.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

ile 1.60 08 1.85 1.22 64 5.89
2. 1.18 1 1.09 .90 44 4.12
3. 1.34 1 1.09 1.15 39 4.48
4. 1.92 YA 1.60 1.53 52 6.14
Palp .80 08 15 = .64 2.77

All legs slender and with little hair; with no fringes.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 451

ey)

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wy
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ha ey
\\\ WS aii

External Anatomy of Spiders

Fig. 413. Zuniga formosa, female carapace, lateral view.
Fig. 414. Z. formosa, sternum.

Fig. 415. Z. formosa, epigynum, ventral view.

Fig. 416. Z. furva Chickering; male chelicera.

Figs. 417-418. Z. furva Chickering; male palp, ventral view; palpal tibia and
tarsus, retrolateral view.

Figs. 419-420. Parafluda banksi Chickering; male, dorsal view; carapace,
lateral view.

Fig. 421. P. banksi Chickering; male cheliceral teeth.

452 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Spines. First leg: femur only prolateral distal 2; patella 0; tibia
only ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral
0-2-0. Second leg: femur and patella as in first; tibia only ventral
2-lr-2; metatarsus as in first except ventra] 0-2-2(weak). Third leg:
femur and patella as in first; tibia only ventral 0-0-2 on right side, 0
on left; metatarsus prolateral] and retrolatera]l 0-2, ventral 0-2—2(weak).
Fourth leg: femur only prolateral distal 2, retrolateral distal 1; patella
0; tibia only ventral 0-O-Ir; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral
1-2, ventral 0-O-2(weak).

Palp. Femur slightly bent; patella about two thirds as long as
tibia; tibia considerably swollen, club-shaped; tibial retrolateral
apophyses, two short distal processes; bulb considerably swollen;
embolus arises at base of bulb on prolateral side, curves forward to
distal end; bulb with a long recurved tubular loop; cymbium modified
on retrolateral side into three processes, apparently associated with
the short tibial apophyses (Figs. 417-418).

Abdomen. Ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 34 : 21, widest near
middle; spinnerets and anal tubercle as usual in the genus; position of
colulus barely indicated; tracheal spiracle near base of spinnerets,
without tubercle but with a fairly distinct lip.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: brown with eyes on black spots; with
short white hairs scattered over surface but not concentrated anywhere
except about the anterior row of eyes where they are longest and most
conspicuous. Palps brown with deep black fringe. Chelicerae deep
amber, darker in front. Maxillae and lip amber with whitish tips.
Sternum amber, dusted with brown and bordered with black. Legs:
first pair with coxae yellowish white, tarsi and metatarsi brownish,
other segments yellowish white dorsally and ventrally and brownish
elsewhere; second pair like the first but tarsi lighter; third pair with
coxae brown except yellowish white ventrally, trochanters yellowish
white ventrally and dorsally, elsewhere brown, other segments mostly
brown, lighter above except yellowish white tarsi; fourth pair like
third except coxae and trochanters yellowish white above. Abdomen:
generally gray-brown with a faintly indicated broad light median
dorsal bar and several] faintly indicated narrow bars in posterior half.

Type locality. Male holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area, Aug.,
1936; three male paratypes from the same locality, July—Aug., 1936.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 453

Sarinda Group
Key to the genera in the Sarinda Group

. Body extremely attenuated, fully five or six times as long as broad; both
carapace and abdomen with a deep constriction near middle. Fourth
coxae and trochanters long and strongly developed... . Simonella, (p. 468)

. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 2

2. Carapace: with a moderate constriction a short distance behind PLE;

about twice as long as broad; with lateral sides nearly parallel; gently
arched from AME to thoracic constriction; total eye space occupies slightly
less than half the length of the carapace; PME equidistant from ALE and
PLE. Abdomen without a constriction; with a well developed dorsal shield
NAM OLUSEKES aati lcuat Min ys GaN aus Chat Maneater is een a NLS Erica, (p. 454)
. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 3
. Carapace: without a definite constriction; moderately high, about twice as
long as broad; lateral sides nearly parallel in cephalic part. Abdomen often
with a well defined constriction. First leg with femur enlarged, especially
in male; first tibia with five or six pairs of ventral spines; first metatarsus
with three pairs of ventral spines....................... Fluda, (p. 454)
. Not with combination of characters given above............ FAM el ed aeel i 4
. Carapace: with a moderate constriction behind PLE; interocular region
nearly flat, thoracic region convex; total eye space occupies about half the
length of the carapace. Male chelicerae variable, but usually as long as
carapace or longer. Abdomen often with a mild constriction about two fifths
ARON, LOPVSTES rec laste en tag atten led at et aE Myrmarachne, (p. 455)
. Not with combination of characters given above.....................-. 5
. Carapace: rather tall; lateral sides of cephalic region vertical and parallel;
thoracic part convex; with no definite constriction; less than twice as long
as broad; PME closer to ALE than to PLE. Chelicerae vertical and parallel,
without special modifications. First leg without enlargement in any seg-
ment; first tibia with five pairs of ventral spines; first metatarsus with two
PATS OLVeltral SpiMesh yyy ARLEN LAY era be Parafluda, (p. 456)
. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 6
. Carapace: moderately tall; convex dorsally; dilated somewhat in region of
PLE; PME closer to ALE than to PLE; with no definite constricton;
about four fifths as broad as long; total eye space occupies slightly more
than half of the length of the carapace. Chelicerae with a single, fairly.
robust retromarginal tooth; porrect, produced, flattened dorsally in males
Abdomen with a mild constriction, more evident in males ..............

Paradamoetas, (p. 459)

454 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

6. Carapace: moderately tall in cephalic part; low in thoracic part with a
considerable drop behind PLE; nearly flat in interocular area, very convex
in thoracic region; somewhat more than twice as long as broad; PME
about equidistant from ALE and PLE. First tibia with three or aac pairs
of ventral spines; first metatarsus with two pairs of ventral spines........

Sarinda, (p. 459)

Genus Erica Peckham, 1892

The genus is at present represented by only one species. I have a
male and a female from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936, which I expect to
describe as a new species but time has not yet permitted me to do this.

ERICA EUGENIA Peckham, 1892

E. Eugenia F. Cambridge, 1900
E. eugenia Simon, 1901

E. eugenia Petrunkevitch, 1911
E. eugenia Pétrunkevitch, 1925

The Peckhams originally had this species from Brazil and Peru,
but F. Cambridge states that Mr. Peckham identified a male from
Bugaba, Panama, as belonging to it. It has not yet appeared in my
collection:

Genus Ftupa Peckham, 1892

FLUDA PRINCEPS Banks, 1929

The genus Fluda seems to be distinctly South American. This is
the only species known in Central America. In his original description
Mr. Banks pointed out that Keyserlingella and Fluda should be
combined. If that were done Fluda would stand as the genus on
account of page priority. Mr. Banks also stated that this species
might have been considered a form of K. perdita Peckham, but be-
cause his males seemed to be different from the one from which Mr.
Emerton made a drawing of the palpus he thought it best to consider
it as new to science. Unfortunately, the male of K. perdita is not now
in the collection in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. I have
studied the female and consider it identical to those included in this
species from the Canal Zone. I am uncertain about the males and, in
view of this fact, I have chosen to treat the species as_ F’.. princeps al-
though it may have to be considered as K. perdita when we have more

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 455

conclusive evidence. I have numerous specimens of both sexes from:
Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1934; E] Valle, R. P., July, 1936;
Porto Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug.,

1939.

Genus MyrRMARACHNE MacLeay, 1839

The two species of Myrmarachne now known to occur in Panama
may be separated by the following key:

Key to the species of Myrmarachne from Panama

Males

1. Palp: longer than carapace; tibia about twice as long as tarsus. Cheliceral
teeth all at medial end of groove. First tarsus dark brown..............
M. championi, (p. 456)

1. Palp: not more than two thirds as long as carapace; tibia somewhat shorter
than tarsus. Cheliceral teeth at both ends of fang groove. First tarsus
mostly yellowish white..................------+-- M. centralis, (p. 455)

Females

1. First tibia with seven pairs of ventral spines. Epigynum with a pair of
white circular areas separated by alow septum...... M. centralis, (p. 455)

1. First tibia with four pairs of ventral spines. Epigynum with a broad
central region bounded by curved lines; with no circular white areas......
M. championt, (p. 456)

MyYRMARACHNE CENTRALIS (Peckham), 1892

Salticus centralis Peckham, 1892
Toxeus centralis F. Cambridge, 1900
M. centralis Simon, 1901

M. centralis Petrunkevitch, 1911

M. centralis Petrunkevitch, 1925

M. centralis Banks, 1929

The Peckhams reported this species simply from Central America
in the origina] description, but the vial in which these are kept in the
collection in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy is labelled from
Guatemala. There is a high degree of variation in this species in
regard to spination and degree of development of the chelicerae,
especially in the males. I have in my collection three males and ten
females alf from the Canal Zone Biological Area, June-July, 1934;
July, 1936; June—Aug., 1939.

456 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

MyRMARACHNE CHAMPIONI (F. Cambridge), 1900

Toxeus championi F. Cambridge, 1900
M. championi Simon, 1901

M. championi Petrunkevitch, 1911

M. championi Petrunkevitch, 1925

There are three males and five females in my collection from the
following localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1934; Porto
Bello, R. P., Aug., 1936; Canal Zone Forest Reserve, C. Z., Aug., 1939.

PARAFLUDA gen. nov.

Carapace moderately high, gently arched from AME to posterior
border of PLE, then a moderate decline with little difference between
this region and steep posterior declivity which begins just before the
middle point between PLE and posterior border; moderately Jong;
widest in region of PLE; with no indication of a median thoracic
groove. Hyes: anterior row moderately recurved; PME somewhat
closer to ALE than to PLE; PLE project a Jittle beyond dorsal margin
of carapace, but occupy slightly less than full width at ventral margin;
anterior row slightly wider than posterior row; quadrangle of laterals
only a little wider than long; total eye space occupies one half the
length of the carapace. Clypeus moderately low. Chelicerae: vertical,
parallel, of moderate size; distinct fang groove with two teeth of
moderate size along retromargin. Mazillae slightly convergent, un-
modified. Sternum cardiform; broad at anterior end. Legs: 1423;
fairly long and slender; first leg without fringe and without enlarged
segments; leg spines definitely reduced in number; first pair of tibiae
with five pairs of ventral spines not well matched. Abdomen: ovoid;
slightly constricted near middle. Genotype: Parafluda banksi sp. nov.

PARAFLUDA BANKSI spec. nov.
Figures 419-424

It was formerly thought that this species could be described as a
Fluda, but now after more thorough study the differences appear to be
too great and so I am compelled to erect a new genus for it.

Male holotype. Total length 3.65 mm. Carapace 1.89 mm. long,
1.00 mm. wide at PLE which project a little beyond dorsal margin but
occupy slightly less than full width of ventral margin; .77 mm. tall

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 457

and, therefore, .77 as tall as wide; lateral sides of cephalic part nearly
vertical and parallel; thoracic part generally very convex; interocular
region moderately inclined from AME to PLE, then there is a slight
drop from which the descent is gradual to beginning of steep posterior
declivity which occurs nearly three sevenths of the distance from PLE
to posterior border; with no evidence of a distinct thoracic groove
but there are three pairs of striations along lateral sides of thoracic
part (Figs. 419-420).

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly below those of AME. Anterior row wider
than posterior row in ratio of 46 : 43, wider than middle row in ratio
of 23 : 19. Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 23 : 19.
Total eye space occupies one half the length of the carapace. Ratio of
eyes AME : ALE : PME: PLE = 16 :9:3:9. AME barely separ-
ated from one another and from ALE. Middle eyes closer to ALE than
to PLE in ratio of about 3 : 4. Height of clypeus equal to nine thirty-
seconds of the diameter of AME. Clypeus decorated only with two or
three whitish bristles beneath each AME, three bristles in lower angle
between AME, the upper one long and brown, the two lower shorter
and whitish, and also a few slender white hairs around margin of AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel, almost rectangular in outline, viewed
from in front; basal segment .51 mm. long; without special modifica-
tions. Fang moderately slender, evenly curved. Fang groove distinct;
promargin with three teeth, al] near medial end of groove; retromargin
with two teeth of moderate size, set close together near the middle
(Fig. 421).

Mazxillae. Shghtly convergent, longer than wide in middle in ratio
of 19 : 12; palp inserted into basal third; outer border only slightly
concave in middle; distal border rounded and continuous with outer
lateral boundary with no distal angle between; well developed scopula
along truncature.

Inp. Wider than long in ratio of 13 : 10; basal excavations reach
slightly less than one third of the length of the organ; reaches to middle
of maxillae. Sternal suture procurved.

Sternum. Somewhat cardiform; longer than wide in ratio of 39 : 25,
widest at interval between first and second coxae; a low tubercle oppo-
site each first coxa and a hardly distinguishable convexity opposite
each second coxa; first coxae separated by twenty-three twenty-fifths
of the greatest width of the sternum; anterior border as wide as base of
lip; posterior end a sharp point not extended between fourth coxae

458 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

which are separated by about one sixth of their width. Anterior coxae
somewhat the longest but not much enlarged.
Legs. 1423. Tibial index of first leg 8, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

le 1.28 08 1.34 88 1 4.59
2. 82 45 .69 08 34 2.88
3. aC 38 .64 .68 39 2.82
4. 1.22 1 1.15 97 00 4.35
Palp .06 22 .16 = 08 1.52

All legs with a moderate supply of hair, but without fringes or tufts.
First leg not enlarged in any segment as it is in Fluda.

Spines. First leg: femur and patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2-2-2,
not well matched; metatarsus only ventral 2-2 (Fig. 422). Second leg:
as in first except tibia prolateral 0-0-1, ventral 2—2—2 and metatarsus
prolateral 1-1. Third leg: femur and patella 0; tibia only ventral
0-l1p—0-2; metatarsus prolateral 1-1, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 2-2.
Fourth leg: prolateral 0-1, retrolateral 0-1, ventral 2-2; elsewhere 0.
Palpal spines: apparently only one at distal end of cymbium.

Palp. Femur straight; both patella and tibia short, with latter
eight elevenths as long as former; retrolateral tibial apophysis a short
spur; bulb swollen very strongly; embolus arises near distal border,
describes considerably more than a complete circle, then passes to
retrolateral side of cymbium where it makes a graceful loop to termin-
ate near dista] end of cymbium (Figs. 423-424.).

Abdomen. 1.86 mm. long; longer than wide in ratio of 29 : 16;
widest about the middle; with a slight constriction just before the
middle which is more evident dorsally than elsewhere; a lanceolate,
strongly chitinized region from base to constriction suggests a scutum;
anal tubercle a short broad yellowish cone; six spinnerets of moderate
size and length without special features, anterior pair approximated at
bases and the stoutest, posterior pair far apart and about as long and
slender as middle pair; position of colulus uncertain; tracheal spiracle
near base of spinnerets, with obscure lip but no tubercle.

Color in alcohol. Carapace: generally yellowish brown; interocular
area yellowish; eyes on black spots; a very narrow and somewhat in-
complete ventral marginal dark brown line. Palps dark brown. Cheli-
cerae light reddish brown. Maxillae and lip light reddish brown with
brown streaks and whitish tips. Sternum yellowish with faint brown
areas in posterior two thirds. Legs: first pair yellowish with a pro-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 459

lateral and a retrolateral brown stripe which is broad on femora but
narrow on other segments to metatarsi which are entirely brown
everywhere except in basal quarter which together with tarsi are
yellowish white with brown on Jateral sides at bases; second and third
pairs yellowish with a few inconspicuous brownish spots; fourth pair
yellowish with prolateral and retrolateral stripes on femur, tibia, and
with brown stripes on both lateral sides coming together dorsally at
base, metatarsus brown everywhere except ventrally and dorsally for
a short distance both at base and distally. Abdomen: dorsally light
brownish in basal two fifths back to constriction; a yellowish white
band across at the constriction; then dorsally light brown with some
iridescence to spinnerets; in center of dorsum a series of four narrow,
yellowish white, recurved bars bounded in front by a similar series of
recurved brown bars; across the middle of each lateral side the white
dorsal bar passes obliquely; in front of this oblique bar the area is very
light brown and behind it dark brown; venter generally light brownish.

Type locality. Male holotype from El Valle, R. P., July, 1936. No
paratypes.

Genus PARADAMOETAS Peckham, 1885
PARADAMOETAS FORMICINA Peckham, 1885

P. formicina Peckham, 1892

P. formicina F. Cambridge, 1900
P. formicina Simon, 1901

P. formicina Peckham, 1909

P. formicina Petrunkevitch, 1911
P. formicina Petrunkevitch, 1925

The proper placement of this species is in considerable doubt.
Peckham placed it among the ant-like forms and F. Cambridge con-
tinued this by putting it in his Synageleae. Simon and Petrunkevitch
(28) have put it in the system close to Metaphidippus. The Panama
record is based upon a single female from Bugaba identified by F.
Cambridge. The species has not yet appeared in my collection.

Genus SARINDA Peckham, 1892

9

The genus Sarinda has not been known in Panama before this time.
Mr. Banks (29) described a species as Sarinda formosa but I have
been compelled to transfer it to the genus Zuniga as already pointed
out. Females belonging to three species have appeared in my collection

460 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

but males are completely lacking. The females may be separated by
the following key:

Key to the species of Sarinda from Panama
Females

1. Carapace with a narrow white band following the constriction behind PLE.
Epigynum: small; with a fairly broad and deep posterior marginal notch;
with a small depressed area just anterior to notch; near anterior margin of
plate are two, small, nearly contiguous, circular spermathecae............

S. stricta, (p. 466)

1. Not with combination of characters given above...................... 2

2. Epigynum: large and conspicuous; wider than long; posterior margin with
a heavy chitinous lip but no definite notch; posterior half of plate occupied
by a pair of large depressions separated by a septum. . S. bicavata, (p. 460)

2. Epigynum: small and inconspicuous; considerably swollen in front of genital
groove; with a smooth white area in anterior half surrounded by procurved
margins which unite centrally to form an incomplete septum............

S. stlvatica, (p. 463)

SARINDA BICAVATA spec. nov.
Figures 425-427

Female holotype. Total length 5.00 mm. Carapace 2.26 mm. long,
1.20 mm. wide at level of PLE which occupy slightly more than the
full width of the carapace at their level, .86 mm. tall and, therefore,
.71 as tall as wide, tallest at level of PLE; with a moderate constriction
immediately behind these eyes, then a gradual descent to steep poste-
rior declivity which begins almost seven tenths of the distance from
PLE to posterior border; with no definite visible longitudinal median
thoracic groove.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that dorsal
borders of ALE are slightly above those of AME. Anterior row slightly
wider than posterior row, wider than middle row in ratio of 39 : 31.
Quadrangle of laterals wider than long in ratio of 39 : 29. Total eye
space occupies half the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE = 20:10.5:2:11. AME almost contiguous
with one another and with ALE. Middle eyes equidistant from ALE
and PLE. Height of clypeus equal to three tenths of the diameter of
AME. Clypeus decorated only with a scant fringe of elongated white
lanceolate hairs, three brown bristles beneath each AME, and three
long brown upturned bristles in lower angle between AME.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 461

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical; considerably swollen in front obliquely
from near base to outer distal corner; basal segment .58 mm. long.
Fang slender, evenly curved except for a chitinous ridge about two
fifths from base, with a small tubercle on inner margin at ridge, per-
haps representing a suppressed tooth. Fang groove distinct; with five
slender promarginal teeth fairly well spaced apart; with five slender
retromarginal teeth so close together that their bases are practically
united (Fig. 425).

Mazxillae. Longer than wide in middle in ratio of 23 : 12; only
slightly notched in middle of outer border; palp inserted into basal two
fifths; outer distal corner rounded so that angle is lacking.

Tip. As wide as long; basal excavations reach almost to middle of
organ; reaches slightly beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal suture
gently procurved.

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 45 : 24; widest between first
coxae; narrowed to posterior end which is bluntly rounded and not
extended between fourth coxae which are separated by one seventh of
their width; moderately convex especially between second and third
coxae (Fig. 426). Anterior coxae the slenderest, second nearly globose.

Legs. 4132. Tibia] index of first leg 8, of fourth leg 9.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)

Ih. 1.28 al 1.28 83 O1 4.31
2. 1.02 Al .80 10 38 3.31
3. IOS 46 83 .70 45 3.53
4. 1.66 2 1.34 1.34 45 5.31

All legs slender, with a small quantity of hair and few spines. With
no fringes on legs. Palp with tarsus and tibia enlarged but not notice-
ably flattened; both segments with a heavy prolateral fringe of robust
black lanceolate hairs.

Spines. First leg: femur and patella 0; tibia only ventral 2-2-2;
metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: as in first. Third Jeg: femur,
patella, and tibia 0; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retrolateral 0-1, ven-
tral 0-2-2. Fourth leg: as in third except metatarsus prolateral 0-1,
ventral 0-lr—-0. Palpal spines 0.

Abdomen. Pedunculate; ovoid, longer than wide in ratio of 40 : 27
widest in middle; with no definite constriction; ana] tubercle a short
broad flattened cone; posterior spinnerets spread wide apart so that
middle pair is clearly exposed to view, otherwise unnoteworthy;
position of colulus indicated by a tuft of stiff hairs; trachea] spiracle

462

Fig. 422.

Wim

BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Wy ~———__niy
rm

External Anatomy of Spiders

Parafluda banksi Chickering; tibia and metatarsus of first leg,
ventral view.

Figs. 423-424. P. banksi Chickering; tibia and tarsus of male palp, ventral

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

425.
426.
427.
428.
429.
430.
431.
432.

and retrolateral views.
Sarinda bicavata Chickering; female cheliceral teeth.
. bicavata Chickering; sternum.
. bicavata Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.
. silvatica Chickering; carapace, lateral view.
. silvatica Chickering; cheliceral teeth.
. silvatica Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.
. stricta Chickering; cheliceral teeth.
. stricta Chickering; epigynum, ventral view.

RRRARRRNR

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 463

near base of spinnerets, with a strongly chitinized lip but with no
tubercle.

Epigynum. Large and conspicuous; posterior margin with a chitin-
ous lip but no notch; two procurved margins form the posterior borders
of two depressions separated by a septum; anterior half of plate some-
what swollen and with spermathecae and associated tubules showing
clearly through the chitin (Fig. 427).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: dark brown overlaid with a few white
lanceolate hairs, more conspicuous in vicinity of anterior eyes; eyes on
black spots; interocular area almost black. Legs: third coxae dark
brown dorsally, all others whitish; first tarsi brown, al] others yellowish
white; first and second femora, patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi yellow-
ish white with lateral brown stripes; third and fourth femora all dark
brown, other segments between femora and tarsi brown, lighter above
and below. Chelicerae reddish brown. Maxillae and Jip amber with
white tips and brown streaks. Palps: patellae, tibiae and tarsi red-
dish brown with much black hair. Abdomen: dark gray with the fol-
lowing yellowish white marks: a fairly broad girdle between first and
second thirds continues ventrally just behind genital groove; a narrow
recurved and somewhat wavy bar; a short but fairly broad bar, and
Jastly another narrow bar near posterior end; spinnerets yellowish
white. Clarity of abdominal markings differs considerably among
paratypes.

Type locality. Female holotype and three female paratypes from

he Canal Zone Biological Area, July, 1936.

SARINDA SILVATICA spec. nov.
Figures 428-430

Female holotype. Total length 6.72 mm. Carapace 3.14 mm. long,
1.54 mm. wide at some distance behind PLE which project somewhat
’ beyond the sides of the carapace at their level but which are slightly
narrower than width of ventral margin, 1.09 mm. tall and, therefore,
about .71 as tall as wide; cephalic part inclined somewhat as in Zuniga;
tallest at level of PLE, with an abrupt fall a short distance behind these
eyes and a constriction at bottom of descent, then after a short dis-
tance a gradual descent to posterior border (Fig. 428); no median
longitudinal thoracic groove observed, but a series of six striae radiate
from central dorsal region of constriction; surface finely granulate in
cephalic area, coarsely granulate in thoracic region.

464 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of AME cuts off about one sixth of the
diameter of ALE. Anterior row as wide as posterior row, both wider
than middle row in ratio of 11 : 9. Quadrangle of Jaterals wider than
long in ratio of 44 : 35. Total eye space occupies eight nineteenths of
the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME : ALE : PME : PLE
= 22 :11.5:2.5:12. AME nearly contiguous to one another and
to ALE. Middle eyes slightly closer to PLE than to ALE. Height of
clypeus equal to nearly two fifths of the diameter of AME. Clypeus
decorated only with a weak ventral fringe of whitish bristles, a few
scattered white hairs, two long brown bristles beneath AME, one close
and one remote, and three long brown upturned bristles in lower angle
between AME.

Chelicerae. Vertical, parallel; of moderate size; basal segment .78
mm. long. Fang of moderate size, evenly curved. Fang groove dis-
tinct; with four promarginal teeth, two middle ones fairly robust, first
and last small; also four retromarginal teeth, three of moderate size
and nearly equal, the Jast one minute (Fig. 429).

Mavillae. Longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 15 : 9; only
slightly notched in middle of outer border; outer distal corner smoothly
rounded, with no tubercle and no hook.

Lip. Slightly longer than wide; basal excavations reach about two
fifths of its length; reaches to middle of maxillae. Sterna] suture
straight. .

Sternum. Longer than wide in ratio of 63 : 32, widest between first
coxae; with same general form as in S. bicavata sp. nov., but borders
much less definite than in that species; here borders seem to be united
to sclerites which extend between coxae; anterior border about as
wide as base of lip; posterior end a blunt point not extended between
fourth coxae which are nearly contiguous.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 7, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
ie 1.79 Hel 1.86 Hens 65 6.22
72. 1.28 .69 Ui Sils) .96 58 4.66
335 1.41 .70 1.28 1.072 .58 5.19
4. 2.54 83 2.01 1.79 .64 7.81

All Jegs slender, with little hair and no fringes. Palp with last three
segments enlarged, especially the tarsus and tibia, not noticeably flat-

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA ~ 465

tened, with a heavy black iridescent prolateral fringe along the en-
larged segments and also on the dorsal surface of the femur.

Spines. All femora and patellae devoid of spines. First leg: tibia
only ventral 2—2—2-2; metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: tibia
only ventral 2—2—2; metatarsus prolateral 1-2, retrolateral 1-1, ven-
tral 0-2(weak). Third leg: tibia prolateral 0-0-1, ventral 1p—0-2;
metatarsus prolateral ‘and retrolateral 1-2, ventra] 2-2. Fourth leg:
tibia only ventral 1p—l1p-—2; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-2,
ventral 2—2(weak). No palpal spines observed.

Abdomen. Pedunculate; nearly cylindrical; longer than wide in ratio
of 55 : 22; with a mild constriction four elevenths of its length from
base; widest seven elevenths from base; anal tubercle a rather prom-
inent segmented cone; spinnerets with anterior pair short and robust,
posterior pair about twice as long as anterior pair and slender, middle
pair slender and as long as anterior pair; position of colulus indicated
by a tuft of black hairs; tracheal spiracle as usual near base of spin-
nerets.

Epigynum. Epigynal plate considerably swollen in front of genital
groove; simple; a considerable distance from posterior margin a smooth
white area is bounded behind by a pair of procurved margins extending
medially into a low septum partially to divide the white area (Fig.
430).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: dark brown, eyes on black spots and
interocular area very dark brown; scattered short white hairs over
most of surface with some concentration in the dorsal part of the con-
striction. Chelicera reddish, very dark in front. Palps reddish brown.
Sternum dark brown; maxillae and lip the same with whitish tips.
Legs: third coxae and trochanters black, others whitish; first leg with
reddish brown tarsi, other segments distal to trochanters yellowish
white with brown prolateral and retrolateral stripes on femora, pa-
tellae and tarsi; second leg like the first except tarsi are much lighter
and brown stripes are less conspicuous; third leg with femora brown;
other segments yellowish with brown prolateral stripes on patellae
and tibiae; fourth legs with femora, patellae and tibiae brownish,
metatarsi and tarsi yellowish white. Abdomen: brownish with a series
of seven dorsal yellowish bars, the second the broadest, the last two
hardly more than lines; white hair continues the bars dorsolaterally;
lateral sides dark brown except the second yellowish bar which con-
tinues to venter but not across it; venter with a central brownish stripe
bordered with yellowish dots.

Type locality. Female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area,

466 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

July, 1934. Paratypes, most of which are immature, from the follow-
ing localities: Canal Zone Biological Area, July—Aug., 1936; June,
Aug., 1939; Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939; C. Z. Forest Reserve,
C. Z., July, Aug., 1939; Frijoles, C. Z., Aug., 1936.

SARINDA STRICTA spec. nov. ~
Figures 431-432

Female holotype. Total length 6.27 mm. Carapace 2.37 mm. long,
1.25 mm. wide at PLE which extend somewhat beyond the margins of
the carapace, .98 mm. tall and, therefore, .79 as tall as wide; form.
essentially as in S. silvatica sp. nov. but this species is less angular and
bold in outline and somewhat more slender; with no median longi-
tudinal thoracic groove visible; without the marked striae so charac-
teristic of S. selvatica sp. nov. and the constriction is less marked and
somewhat further posterior than in that species.

Eyes. Seen from in front, anterior row recurved so that a line
tangent to dorsal borders of ALE cuts off about one eighteenth of the
diameter of AME. Posterior row wider than anterior row in ratio of
19 : 18, wider than middle row in ratio of 38:31. Quadrangle of
laterals wider than long in ratio of 19 : 13. Total eye space occupies
three sevenths of the length of the carapace. Ratio of eyes AME :
ALE : PME : PLE = 19 : 9.5 : 2.5 :9. AME contiguous to one an-
other and to ALE. Middle eyes closer to PLE than to ALE in ratio
of 5 : 6. Height of clypeus equal to nearly one sixth of the diameter of
AME. Clypeus decorated only with a weak ventral fringe of yellow-
ish white bristles, two Jong brown convergent bristles beneath each
AME and two Jong upturned yellowish bristles in lower angle between
AME.

Chelicerae. Parallel, vertical; somewhat swollen in front; basal seg-
ment .58 mm. long. Fang rather slender, evenly curved. Fang groove
distinct; with four promarginal teeth, the most medial very small,
others of moderate size; retromargin with three teeth, all closely
crowded together (Fig. 431).

Mazxillae. Parallel; longer than wide in middle in ratio of about 25
: 12; only slightly notched in middle of outer border; outer distal
corner smoothly rounded with no hook or tubercle.

Iip. Only slightly longer than wide; basal excavations reach nearly
to middle; reaches just beyond middle of maxillae. Sternal suture
gently procurved.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 467

Sternum. Rather slender, longer than wide in ratio of about 5 : 2;
widest at interval between first and second coxae; anterior border
about four fifths as wide as base of Jip; very slender in posterior quarter;
posterior end a sharp point, not extended between fourth coxae which
are separated by nearly one third of their diameter.

Legs. 4132. Tibial index of first leg 11, of fourth leg 10.

Femora Patellae Tibiae Metatarsi Tarsi Totals
(All measurements in millimeters)
ik, 1.05 AT .98 15 43 3.68
2, 84 40 64 63 iY) 2.86
3. 95 45 70 80 43 3.33
4.

1.48 .62 1.28 1.22 4 5.14

All legs slender, with little hair and with no fringes. Palps: two last
segments enlarged; with a moderately well developed, dark brown,
iridescent, prolateral fringe on last three segments.

Spines. First leg: femur and patella 0; tibia only ventra] 2-2-2-2;
metatarsus only ventral 2-2. Second leg: as in first except tibia only
ventral 2-2-2; metatarsus only prolateral 0-1, ventral 2-2. Third leg:
as in first except tibia ventral 1p—O-0; metatarsus prolateral 0-2, retro-
lateral 0-1, ventra] 2-0. Fourth leg: as in first except tibia ventral
0-O-lp; metatarsus prolateral and retrolateral 0-1, ventral] 2-Ir.
Palpal spines: two or three slender black spines at distal end of tarsus.

Abdomen. Rather long and cylindrical, longer than wide in ratio of
29 : 10; slightly constricted just behind first third; anal tubercle a
short whitish cone; anterior pair of spinnerets robust and short, other
two pairs slender, equally long, but only slightly longer than anterior
pair; position of colulus barely indicated; tracheal spiracle near base of
spinnerets, with indistinct lip and no tubercle.

Epigynum. Small, rather simple; with a fairly deep posterior mar-
ginal notch; just beyond anterior border of notch is a small depressed
area surrounded by curved ridges; near anterior end of plate are two
nearly contiguous spermathecae; to the right and left of marginal
notch are curved internal tubules (Fig. 432).

Color in alcohol. Carapace: rich reddish brown; eyes on black spots;
darker along ventral border; scattered white hairs all over surface but
definitely concentrated in shallow constriction to make a complete
narrow white band accentuating the depth of the groove. Palps light
reddish brown. Chelicerae brown, dark in front. Sternum reddish
brown with darker border. Maxillae and lip brown with yellowish
streaks and whitish tips. Legs: first pair yellowish white, with brown

468 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

tarsi and with prolateral brown stripes on patellae and tibiae and retro-
lateral stripes on tibiae; second leg yellowish white except prolateral
brown stripe on femora; third pair with prolateral brown stripe on
coxae and trochanters and mostly brown femora, elsewhere yellowish
white; fourth legs with coxae and trochanters yellowish white, femora
brown, patellae brown at both ends, tibiae mostly brown and light
above, elsewhere yellowish white. Abdomen: generally brownish gray
with the following yellowish white marks, near base a narrow white
girdle passing around just behind genital] groove, a broad bar divided
dorsally by a narrow brown isthmus and passing obliquely downward
to venter, then a series of four chevrons the last two being mere lines;
venter brownish behind the light girdle. :

Type locality. Female holotype from Frijoles, C. Z., Aug., 1936.
No paratypes.

Genus SIMONELLA Peckham, 1885

SIMONELLA AMERICANA Peckham, 1885

. americana Peckham, 1888

. americana Peckham, 1892

. americana Simon, 1901

. americana F. Cambridge, 1900
. americana Petrunkevitch, 1911
. americana Banks, 1929

RRRRRR

Mr. Banks’ male specimen from the Canal Zone Biological Area,
June, 1924, seems to be the only record of this species from Panama.
It has not yet appeared in my collection.

SIMONELLA BICOLOR Peckham, 1892

S. bicolor F. Cambridge, 1900
S. bicolor Simon, 1901

S. bicolor Petrunkevitch, 1911
S. bicolor Petrunkevitch, 1925

I have taken three specimens of this species as follows: a mature
male, Cana] Zone Biological Area, Aug., 1939; an immature female,
July, 1939; a very young individual, Ft. Sherman, C. Z., Aug., 1939.
It is not yet clear how accurately the females of these two species have
been identified, and many features in the males should be carefully
studied as soon as sufficient material is available.

CHICKERING: SALTICID SPIDERS OF PANAMA 469

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Banks, NATHAN
1929. Spiders from Panama. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél. at Harvard College,
69: 53-96, 4 pls.

_ Bryant, EvizaBeru B.

1940. Cuban Spiders in the Museum of Comparative Zoédlogy. Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zo6l. at Harvard College, 86: 249-533, 22 pls.

1943. The Salticid Spiders of Hispaniola. Ibid., 92: 445-522, 8 pls.

CaMBRIDGE, O. P. and CamBripDGE, F. P.
1889-1905. Arachnida-Araneida. Vols. I-II. In: Biologia Centrali-
Americana. Dulau & Co., London. ;

CHAMBERLIN, R. V. and Ivin, WILTON
1936. New Spiders from Mexico and Panama. Bull. Univ. of Utah, 27:
No. 5, Biol. Series, 3, No. 5: 3-103, 17 pls.

PreckHam, G. W. and E. G.

1885. On some New Genera and Species of Attidae from the eastern part
of Guatemala. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc., 62-86, 1 pl.

1892. Ant-like Spiders of the Family Attidae. Occ. Pap. Nat. Hist. Soc.
Wisc., 2: 1-83, 7 pls.

1894. Spiders of the Marptusa Group of the Family Attidae. Ibid., 2:
85-156, 7 pls.

1895. Spiders of the Homalattus Group of the Family Attidae. Ibid., 2:
159-178, 2 pls.

1896. Spiders of the Family Attidae from Central America and Mexico.
Ibid., 3: 1-101, 7 pls.

1909. Revision of the Attidae of North America. Trans. Wisc. Acad.
Sci., Arts and Letters, 16: 355-646, 23 pls.

PETRUNKEVITCH, ALEXANDER

1911. A Synonymic Index—Catalogue of Spiders of North, Central, and
South America, etc., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York,
29: 1-809.

1925. Arachnida from Panama. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., 27:
51-248.

1928. Systema Aranearum. Ibid., 29: 1-270.

1939. Catalogue of American Spiders. Pt. 1. Ibid., 33: 133-338.

Simon, EUGENE :
1892-1903. Histoire Naturelle des Araignées. Deuxieme Edition. 2
Vols. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES!

albicineta, Corythalia, 132.
albicincta, Sidusa, 132.
Albionella, 74.

albosignata, Cyrene, 168.
albosignata, Freya, 168.
aliceae, Phiale, 205.
americana, Simonella, 468.
Amycus, 346-357.
arraijanica, Freya, 170.
Asamonea, 7.

Ashtabula, 248.

Atelurius, 253.

Attus, 106, 215, 240, 323.
aurantius, Paraphidippus, 323.
aurantius, Salticus, 323.
aureopilosus, Phidippus, 346.
aureus, Paraphidippus, 323.
Avitus, 257.

Balmaceda, 44, 57.
Banksetosa, 78.

banksi, Carabella, 87.
banksi, Lyssomanes, 12.
banksi, Parafluda, 456.
Beata, 257-275, 400.
benigna, Monaga, 196.
benignus, Amycus, 348.
benignus, T'riptolemus, 348.
bicavata, Cyrene, 173.
bicavata, Freya, 173.
bicavata, Sarinda, 460.

bicavatus, Dendryphantes, 287.
bicavatus, Metaphidippus, 287.

bicincta, Corythalia, 132.
bicolor, Simonella, 468.
bicuspidata, Cyrene, 207.
bicuspidata, Phiale, 207.
bifida, Cyrene, 173.
bifida, Freya, 173.
bifurcata, Cyrene, 174.
bifureata, Freya, 174.

1Synonyms are in italics.

470

bifurcatus, Cobanus, 364.
bilobata, Cyrene, 208.

bilobata, Freya, 208.

bilobata, Phiale, 208.
bispinosus, Dendryphantes, 287.
bispinosus, Metaphidippus, 287.
bivittatus, Menemerus, 48.
Breda, 37.

bryantae, Corythalia, 132.
bryantae, Cotinusa, 90.
bryantae, Lyssomanes, 14.
Bryantella, 389.

bulbosa, Cyrene, 174.

bulbosa, Freya, 174.

cambridgei, Cobanus, 360.
canalis, Corythalia, 136.
canalis, Saitis, 136.

Carabella, 86.

castanea, Cylistella, 394.
centralis, Dendryphantes, 287.
centralis, Metaphidippus, 287.
centralis, Myrmarachne, 455.
centralis, Salticus, 455.
centralis, Toxeus, 455.
cephalica, Beata, 260.
championi, Myrmarachne, 456.
championi, Toxeus, 456.
Chapoda, 113.

Cheliferoides, 275.
Chinoscopus, 7.

Chira, 117.

Chirothecia, 426.

chrysis, Attus, 323.

chrysis, Paraphidippus, 323.
chrysis, Philaeus, 323.

clara, Corythalia, 140.
Cobanus, 357.

Coccorchestes, 396.

Colonus, 106.

completa, Itata, 54.

INDEX : 471

Compsodecta, 122.

concinna, Cytaea, 239.

conformans, Corythalia, 162.

consimilis, Lyssomanes, 17.

conspecta, Corythalia, 141.

conspecta, Hscambia, 141.

convexus, Parnaenus, 335.

Corythalia, 125-163.

Cotinusa, 90.

crassus, Orvilleus, 401.

cretatus, Titanattus, 383.

cupreus, Dendryphantes, 288.

cupreus, Metaphidippus, 288.

Cylistella, 394.

Cyrene, 168, 173, 218, 219, 226, 233,
236, 239.

Cytaea, 239.

deinognathus, Lyssomanes, 17.
delecta, Cyrene, 212, 219.
delus, Menemerus, 44.
demarcata, Freya, 177.
Dendryphantes, 260, 287, 288, 297,
299, 311, 312.
dentata, Ashtabula, 248.
Descanso, 430.
desidiosa, Messua, 405.
desidiosa, Zygoballus, 405.
designata, Chira, 117.
designata, Shira, 117.
Deza, 99.
diffusa, Corythalia, 141.
diolenii, Avitus, 257.
dissimilis, Lyssomanes, 17.
distincta, Freya, 182.
donaldi, Phiale, 212.
Donaldius, 278.
Donatinus, 439.
Dryphias, 400.
dubia, Banksetosa, 78.
dybowskii, Attus, 215.
dybowsku, Cyrene, 215.
dybowskii, Pachomius, 215.
dybowskii, Phiale, 215.
Dynamius, 145.

eatoni, Lyssomanes, 19.

electus, Cobanus, 369.

electus, Zygoballus, 405.

elegans, Cyrene, 218.

elegans, Lyssomanes, 21.

elegans, Phiale, 218.

endigma, Corythalia, 145.
enoplus, Psecas, 99.

Erica, 454.

erythrocras, Cobanus, 374.
Escambia, 141.

eugenia, Erica, 454.

eximia, Gorgasella, 192.

eximia, Toloella, 107.
expallidatus, Dendryphantes, 288.
expallidatus, Metaphidippus, 288.
extensus, Cobanus, 374.

extensus, Helorus, 374.

extensus, Helpidius, 374.

facetus, Metaphidippus, 288.
fallax, Amycus, 349.

fastosus, Metaphidippus, 293.
festiva, Chapoda, 114.
festiva, Sidusa, 114.

flava, Cyrene, 181.

flava, Freya, 181.

flavens, Cobanus, 374.
flavens, Helorus, 374.
flavescens, Pachomius, 219.
flavescens, Phiale, 219.
flavolineata, Beata, 260.
flavolineatus, Metaphidippus, 260.
flavus, Chinoscopus, 7.
Fluda, 454.

formicina, Paradamoetas, 459.
formosa, Uluella, 419.
formosa, Zuniga, 447.

Freya, 153,163, 208, 215.
frontalis, Freya, 181.
Fuentes, 44.

fulva, Cylistella, 394.
fulvoguttata, Corythalia, 145.
furva, Zuniga, 449.

fusea, Parkella, 51.

472

geminata, Cyrene, 219.
geminata, Phiale, 219.
geniculata, Rudra, 72.
Gorgasella, 192.
graciosus, Pardessus, 229.
gratiosa, Phiale, 229.
grisea, Cyrene, 182.
grisea, Freya, 182.

Habrocestum, 281.
Habronattus, 281.

Hasarius, 240.

Helorus, 374, 377

Helpidius, 374.
hieroglyphicus, Amycus, 349.
Homalattoides, 264.
Homalattus, 400.

Hyllus, 239.

incertus, Atelurius, 253.
incurvus, Cobanus, 375.
inermis, Chapoda, 114.
inermis, Sidusa, 114.
infuscata, Cyrene, 182.
infuscata, Freya, 182.
insignis, Carabella, 90.
insignis, Paramarpissa, 90.
insignita, Parahentzia, 316.
insolitus, Descanso, 430.
interrupta, Cyrene, 219.
interrupta, Phiale, 219.
iridescens, Metaphidippus, 296.
Itata, 5A.

jemineus, Lyssomanes, 21.
Jollas, 241.

Jotus, 145.

justina, Freya, 182.

lanceolatus, Dendryphantes, 299.
lanceolatus, Metaphidippus, 299.

laetabilis, Dendryphantes, 297.
laetabilis, Metaphidippus, 297.
laetificus, Metaphidippus, 299.
latus, Metaphidippus, 304.

INDEX

laxus, Metaphidippus, 306.
levispina, Beata, 260.

levispinus, Dendryphantes, 260.
levispinus, Metaphidippus, 260.
ligo, Plexippus, 240.

lineola, Phiale, 215.

longipalpus, Dendryphantes, 311.
longipalpus, Metaphidippus, 311.
longipes, Beata, 264.

longipes, Homalattoides, 264.
longispina, Cyrene, 185.
longispina, Freya, 185.
longithorax, Mica, 57.

lucidus, Donaldius, 278.

lutea, Corythalia, 146.

lutea, Sidusa; 146.

Lyssomanes, 8-33, 54.

Mabellina, 68.

maccuni, Dryphias, 400.
maccuni, Homalattus, 400.
maculatipes, Zygoballus, 410.
maculosa, Phiale, 223.
magna, Beata, 264, 400.
magna, Marpissa, 44.
magnifica, Cyrene, 226.
magnifica, Phiale, 226.
mandibularis, Cobanus, 377.
mandibularis, Helorus, 377.
Marpissa, 37, 44, 48.
Marptusa, 44.

melanognatha, Marpissa, 48.
Menemerus, 44, 48, 240.
Messua, 405.
Metaphidippus, 260, 267, 285-315.
Mica, 57.

milvina, Breda, 37.

mimica, Phiale, 229.
mimicus, Pardessus, 229.
mimicus, Plexippus, 229.
minuta, Cyrene, 185.
minuta, Freya, 185.
minutus, Jollas, 241.
modesta, Chirothecia, 426.
modesta, Corythalia, 141.

momus, Dendryphantes, 312.
momus, Metaphidippus, 312.
Monaga, 196.

montana, Ashtabula, 251.
montana, Compsodecta, 122.
montanus, Lyssomanes, 22.
multicolor, Attus, 323.
multicolor, Paraphidippus, 323.
- munda, Beata, 265.

murcida, Corythalia, 158.
Myrmarachne, 455.

nannispina, Freya, 215.
niger, Donatinus, 440.
nigriventer, Corythalia, 143.
nigriventer, Sidusa, 143.
niveo-guttata, Cyrene, 233.
niveo-guttata, Phiale, 233.
notata, Banksetosa, 81.
notata, Breda, 39.

obscurus, Cobanus, 377.
obsoleta, Corythalia, 145.
ochraceus, Dendryphantes, 312.
ochraceus, Metaphidippus, 312.

octonotatus, Dendryphantes, 312.
octonotatus, Metaphidippus, 312.

opima, Corythalia, 145.
optatus, Zygoballus, 410.
orvillei, Phiale, 234.
Orvilleus, 401.

Pachomius, 215, 219.
paganus, Titanattus, 385.
pallida, Cyrene, 236.
pallida, Phiale, 236.
palpinalis, Amycus, 349.
panamae, Phiale, 239.
panamana, Chapoda, 114.
panamana, Corythalia, 145.
panamena, Scopocira, 103.
panamense, Phiale, 239.
Paradamoetas, 459.
Parahentzia, 316.
Parafluda, 456.

INDEX 473

Paramarpissa, 90.
Paraphidippus, 322.
paratum, Habrocestum, 281.
paratus, Habronattus, 281.
paratus, Pellenes, 281.
Pardessus, 229.

Parkella, 48.

parki, Lyssomanes, 24.
Parnaenus, 334.

Partona, 400.

parvula, Corythalia, 146.
parvula, Escambia, 146.
parvula, Sidusa, 146.
patens, Lyssomanes, 26.
paykulli, Attus, 240.
paykulli, Hasarius, 240.
paykulli, Menemerus, 240.
paykulli, Plexippus, 240.
paykulli, Thotmes, 240.
peckhami, Amycus, 349.
peckhami, Balmaceda, 58.
peckhami, Chapoda, 114.
Peckhamia, 414.

Pellenes, 281.

peregrinus, Descanso, 435.
peritas, Jollas, 246.
perpastus, Paraphidippus, 324.
perpolitus, Paraphidippus, 326.
perscitus, Metaphidippus, 313.
petrunkevitchi, Freya, 185.
Phiale, 199-240.
Phidippus, 345.

Philaeus, 323.

picta, Balmaceda, 61.
plana, Sebastira, 442.
planus, Cheliferoides, 275.
Plexippus, 229, 240.
pratensis, Cyrene, 239.
pratensis, Hyllus, 239.
pratensis, Phiale, 239.
prescotti, Mabellina, 68.
prescotti, Peckhamia, 415.
princeps, Fluda, 454.
prominens, Cyrene, 188.
prominens, Freya, 188.

A474 INDEX

propria, Albionella, 74.
Psecas, 99.

pseustes, Thiodina, 106.
puerpera, Thiodina, 106.
puerpera, Colonus, 106.
pulchra, Corythalia, 150.
punctata, Breda, 44.

quadriguttatus, Amycus, 354.
quadriguttatus, Corythalia, 153.
quadriguttatus, Sidusa, 153.
quadrinotatus, Dendryphantes, 315.
quadrinotatus, Metaphidippus, 315.

recondita, Sidusa, 241.
recurvus, Parnaenus, 340.
reducta, Balmaceda, 64.
retiarius, Attus, 106.

retiarius, Dendryphantes, 106.
retiarius, Plexippus, 106.
roseus, Homalattoides, 400.
roseus, Partona, 400.

Rudra, 72.

rusticus, Dryphias, 400.

sagittifer, Freya, 181.

Saitis, 136.

Salticus, 48, 323, 455.

saphes, Lyssomonea, 348.

Sarinda, 459.

scarabaeoides, Cylistella, 396.

Scopocira, 103.

Sebastira, 442.

seclusus, Cobanus, 380.

serrapophysis, Corythalia, 153.

serrapophysis, Freya, 153.

Shira, 117.

shropshirei, Lyssomanes, 27.

Sidusa, 114, 132, 143, 145, 146, 153,
158, 162, 163, 241.

silvatica, Sarinda, 463.

Simonella, 468.

simoni, Cotinusa, 96.

sitticus, Corythalia, 132.

speciosa, Bryantella, 390.

spinnifer, Lyssomanes, 21.
spiralifer, Amycus, 354.
spiralis, Corythalia, 158.
spiralis, Sidusa, 158.
spirorbis, Corythalia, 162.
spirorbis, Sidusa, 162.
striata, Beata, 267.
striata, Freya, 188.
stricta, Sarinda, 466.
subfuscus, Cobanus, 382.
sulphurea, Corythalia, 162.
sulphurea, Sidusa, 162.
sumptuosa, Deza, 99.
sylvana, Thiodina, 106.
Synageles, 418.

Thiodina, 106.

Thotmes, 240.

Titanattus, 383.

Toloella, 106.

Toxeus, 455, 456.
trifurcatus, Lyssomanes, 26.
tulineba, Sidusa, 132.
turneri, Balmaceda, 66.

Uluella, 419.
uncinella, Freya, 174.
unicolor, Cobanus, 382.

validus, Paraphidippus, 330.
variegata, Beata, 267.
variegata, Metaphidippus, 267.
variegata, Peckhamia, 418.
variegatus, Synageles, 418.
venusta, Beata, 271.

venusta, Parkella, 49.

voluta, Corythalia, 163.
voluta, Sidusa, 163.

zeteki, Amycus, 355.
zeteki, Beata, 273.
zeteki, Lyssomanes, 29.
Zuniga, 447.
Zygoballus, 404.

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