titer te Sines sSvsatatesutcmsers SH

a
et et! cm
" sy irist states
. Tw . bevenenal 2
oie . toth
Sissies

; of r ienpatine
Poet Craters pStethearsstesitateteetct at

fae

nr
Sypettseet

*Thsabetateesteteds
mith Rea

Chests tie
:

“fe
: ‘af
Rr

=

eee

.

2

sue

2
it

ty

<f
Take

:
att
een

pee.
<>
-

Tete Tee oe

tis
if

ie
3933
Srtr
225
oe

?
He
irs

s

ate

siete:

232 fess
Sra tse ate
pesress

>
:.

enttese eal
sro stis
i+ be

st
Gass

ee

soete eee se.

eetisariees

ead
S32,

fate

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY
VOL. 1%
1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

LONDON: 1960

PRINTED IN
GREAT BRITAIN
AT THE
BARTHOLOMEW PRESS
DORKING
BY
ADLARD AND SON, LTD.

No. I
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
No. Io.

CONTENTS

ENTOMOLOGY VOLUME Ix

The early literature on Mallophaga (Part IV, 1789-1818). By
THERESA CLaAy & G. H. E. Hopkins

A revision of the species of Schizpnycha Dejean (Col. : Melolonthidae)
from Southern Africa. By R. D. PoPE

Sphecidae (Hym.) récoltés en Tripolitaine et en Cyrénaique par
M. Kenneth M. Guichard. By JACQUES DE BEAUMONT
On the African species of the genus Cheumatopsyche (Trichoptera,

Hydropsychidae), and the Ephemeroptera types of species des-
cribed by A. E. Easton, R. McLachlan and F. Walker. By D. E.

KIMMINS
The Jamides euchylas complex (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and two

new species of the genus Jamides (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae). By
G. E. TITE

Notes on the East African Ephemeroptera, with descriptions of two
new species. By D. E. KIMMINS

Notes on the shrew-flea Doratopsylla dasycnema (Rothschild) and
notes on Palaeopsylla, a genus of Siphonaptera. By F. G. A. M. Smit

Some new Diaspidini (Coccoidea: Homoptera) from Africa. By
D. J. WILLIAMS

Sur les Psélaphides (Coleoptera) de l’Inde septentrionale. By RENE
JEANNEL

On the synonomy of some Zygaena species with descriptions of a new
species and subspecies from Morocco, Lep., Zygaenidae. By Huco
Reiss & W. GERALD TREMEWAN

Index to Volume IX

225

321

339

359

389

403

459

THE EARLY LITERATURE
ON MALLOPHAGA

(PART IV, 1787—1818)

THERESA CLAY and G. H. E. HOPKINS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9, No. 1
LONDON : 1960

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA
(PART IV, 1787-1818)

BY

THERESA CLAY and G. H. E. HOPKINS
w Wy

Pp. 1-61; Plates 1-6; 94 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. I
LONDON : 1960

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted im 1949, 1s
issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical serves.

Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become
veady. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar ‘year.

This paper is Vol. 9, No. 1 of the Entomological
series.

© Trustees of the British Museum, 1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued March, 1960 Price Twenty-seven Shillings and Sixpence

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA
(PART IV, 1787-1818)

By THERESA CLAY AND G. H. E. HOPKINS

SYNOPSIS

This, the fourth and final part of the series of papers reviewing the species of Mallophaga
described between 1758 and 1818, deals with publications by J. C. Fabricius (1787, 1794, 1798,
1805) ; G. W. F. Panzer (1798); F. v. P. Schrank (1802, 1803); J. Fr. M. von Olfers (1816)
and C. L. Nitzsch (1818).

INTRODUCTION

WE have been criticized for changing well-established names and we readily admit
that in a few instances we made changes which we would not now make. The reason
for our action is that at one time the members of the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature were reluctant to use their plenary powers to preserve
a better-known junior synonym from replacement by an older name for the same
animal, and in these circumstances it seemed to us to be desirable that all changes
which were likely to be considered necessary by future workers on Mallophaga
should be made as ‘soon as possible, while the number of people working on the group
was still limited and when a comprehensive list (our Checklist of Mallophaga) was
about to be published, rather than that changes in the older names should be made
piecemeal in the future. Even now that the Commission is more sympathetic to
applications intended to avoid unnecessary name-changes, it is a major operation
to obtain the suppression of a senior synonym in favour of a better-known junior
one, and such applications are doubtfully justified unless serious confusion would
result from the change which it is desired to avoid. Although we agree that in a
few instances we would take a different view about certain names if we were dealing
with the matter again, we would feel more sympathy with the criticisms if the
critics had ever made an appeal to the Commission to preserve any of the names of
which they deplore the disappearance.

We also expect criticism for designating neotypes in instances in which the name
involved is not in current use, since the concensus of opinion of the 1958 Colloquium
on Zoological Nomenclature was strongly against this practice. But we are convinced
that the objection was to the revival of disused names in places of junior names which
are in current use, and not the safe disposal of junior names as synonyms of senior
ones, which is our intention. We hope that this will be made clear when the new
International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature are published, but in any case we
think that other workers will eventually come to share our views about the impor-
tance of getting rid of such names if they do not do so already. In particular we

ENTOM. 9, I I

4 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

have, wherever possible, designated as neotype of a junior subjective synonym the
lectotype or neotype of the same species under its valid name.

MEASUREMENTS. All measurements are made from specimens mounted in
canada balsam ; unless otherwise stated, total length is taken along the mid dorsal
line, except for the genitalia where it is the greatest length ; breadth is the greatest
width.

“SETAE. In addition to the number and position of the setae, their length and
thickness are often diagnostically important for the species; this last character
is difficult to show accurately, especially at the magnification at which it is necessary
to draw most of the figures. It has usually been necessary to enlarge the thickness
of the setae relative to the rest of the structures in the figures in order to enable
the smaller and thinner ones to be reproduced; an attempt has been made in
each figure to make the thicknesses of the setae relative to each other correct.

FABRICIUS, 1787
(Mantissa insectorum. Hafniae. Vol. 2 : 368-371).

The usual Fabrician list containing infinite repetition and only one name with
which we have not already dealt.

Pediculus vagelli (p. 369)

The very unsatisfactory description states that this species is “‘ Magnus, ovatus
totus pallidus, thorace solo lineis duabus postice coeuntibus nigris’’. The host is
Procellaria glacialis (= Fulmarus g. glacialis). Fabricius gives a reference to Mohr
and it is possible that he was redescribing Pediculus procellariae Mohr, 1786, nec
Fabricius, 1775 (see Clay & Hopkins, 1954: 264). Although the description of
vagelli is so bad it is diagnostic. The mention of a thorax rules out the [xodidae
and the only louse occurring on Procellaria that at all fits the description is Ancistrona,
as has long been recognized.

The specimens seen from various species of Procellariformes appear to represent
only one species, but males have been seen from only Fulmarus glacialis, Puffinus
tenuirostris and Daption capense, from the last host a single male in poor condition.
It is possible that further study based on more material may reveal subspecific
differences.

Mate. There is strong sexual dimorphism in this species, the male being smaller
(cf. Text-figs. 1 and 5), less heavily sclerotized and the gular plate much reduced.
The anterior margin of the head (in both sexes) may appear more or less pointed
probably due to distortion during preparation. The oesophageal and lingual sclerites
of the hypopharynx are reduced (in both sexes) and the epipharyngeal “ pestle ”
is not apparent. Dorsal setae and sensilli of the head as shown in Text-fig. 2; these
are useful specific characters in the probably related genus Austromenopon (see
Clay, 1959: 158). The dorsal chaetotaxy of the prothorax is similar to that of
the female but there are fewer (2-3 each side) spine-like marginal setae on the

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 5

anterior part. Terga with a single row of setae, one specimen showing the following
mignpers>) 2. F9's 1h 26; EE, x83 FV, 15; V, 16; Vi, 16; VII, 17; VII, 14;
in all these segments the seta next to the post-spiracular seta (not included in the
counts) each side is spine-like and on segments VI—-VIII next to the spine-like seta
each side is a short fine seta. Ventral abdominal setae as in Text-fig. 1; setae of
segments IX-XI dorsal and ventral as in Text-fig. 4. Male genitalia as in Text-fig.
3; the shape and position of the sclerites of the genital sac vary according to the

Fics. 1-4. Ancistrona vagelli (Fabricius), male. 1. Ventral (R. S. Pitcher del.). 2. Head
dorsal, thickness of marginal setae somewhat exaggerated. 3. Genitalia. 4. Terminal
segments of abdomen.

position in the mounted specimen and with the amount of protrusion of the sac;
the shape of the parameres also appears variable owing to distortion during prepara-
tion.

FEMALE. As shown in Text-figs. 5-6; dorsal head setae and sensilli as in male,
but in addition there are groups of minute setae. Ventral view of head including
characteristic gular plate as shown in Kéler, 1952 : 206. There is some variation in
the number and size of the dorsal abdominal setae.

6 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

THN

5 6

Fics. 5-6. Ancistrona vagelli, female. 5. Dorsal, same scale as Fig. 1 (R. S. Pitcher del.).
6. Abdomen, ventral (Arthur Smith del.).

Measurements in mm.
Male (neotype) Female (neallotype)
ie

fas =— nn or ee
Length Breadth Length Breadth

Head . ‘ ; : : 0°57 I-17 ‘ 0:87 2°02

Prothorax ‘ ‘ . Z _ I-00 : — I*95

Metathorax . : ‘ , — I-00 ‘ _ 2°13

Abdomen ‘ . ‘ ‘ 1-68 +25 ‘ 3°43 3°18

otal. : , ; . 3°20 — : 6°15 —

Genitalia* i . % : 0*90 —_— : —_ —_—
* Not neotype.

Neotype male of Ancistrona vagelli (Fabricius) slide No. 13728 in British Museum
(Natural History) from Fulmarus g. glacialis (Linn.) from Shetland, British Isles,
August 1939; neallotype female, slide No. 643 from the same subspecies of host

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 7

from Hoy, Orkney, British Isles, August 1938. Neoparatypes: 123, 46 2 from
the same host form from the British Isles (Shetlands, Orkneys, St. Kilda), and
Iceland.

J. C. FABRICIUS, 17094
(Entomologia systematica. Hafniae. Vol. 4: 418-424).

Sheer repetition, without anything new.

ji. ©. BPABRICIUS,- 1798
(Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Hafniae. Pages 570-571).

Only four species are dealt with in this work, but all are put forward as new and
all are accompanied by brief but fairly adequate descriptions.

Pediculus lanii (p. 570)

The description quite clearly refers to a Philopterus and the host is Lanius collurio.
We consider this name to be a synonym of Philopterus coarctatus (Scopoli).

Neotype of Philopterus lan (J. C. Fabricius, 1798), the male neotype specimen
of Philopterus coarctatus (Scopoli, 1763), designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1951 : 6.

Pediculus pici (p. 571)

The description certainly applies to a member of the Ischnocera and the host is
Picus viridis. Of the two genera of the Ischnocera found on this host the description
agrees most nearly with Penenirmus, which is also the commoner of the two.

Docophorus scalaris Burmeister, 1838, described from Nitzsch’s specimens and
later figured in Giebel, 1874 (pl. 10, figs. r and 2) is also a Penenirmus: the hosts
were originally given as Picus viridis, canus, medius. As the types of scalaris have
been destroyed a neotype specimen from Picus viridis will be designated, thus
restricting the name and making it a synonym of P. pici (Fabricius).

Penenirmus pici is near auritus (Scopoli), perhaps not more than subspecifically
distinct, but a decision on its status must wait for a revision of the species of Penenir-
mus from the Picidae. The two forms can be distinguished in both sexes by the
proportions of the preantennal region of the head, the anterior dorsal plate, and
the outline of the hyaline margin (Text-figs. 7-8), by the shape of the last abdominal
segment in the male (Text-figs. g-10) and by the greater number of tergal setae
in pict (see below).

MALE. General characters as shown in Pl. I, fig. 1; Head as in Text-fig. 8;
as in all known species of Penenirmus from the Picidae the gular plate is divided
horizontally. Mesosternum and metasternum each with 2 central setae; ptero-
thorax with 5 setae and a lateral spine-like seta each side of the posterior margin.
Tergal plates II*-VII and fused IX—X entire, with II-III medially indented. Sternite

1 TI is the first apparent segment.

8 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

II small and irregular in shape ; each of sternites III-VI is a horizontally elongated
plate. Comparison of the male genitalia of pici (PI. I, fig. 3) and auritus is difficult ;
a detailed figure of individuals of both species would be misleading owing to individual
variation and distortion. Examination of a number of specimens belonging to each

Fics. 7-12. Penenirmus. 7-8. Outline of head, male. 7. P. auritus (Scopoli). 8. P. pict
(Fabricius). 9-10. Outline of last abdominal segment, male. 9. P. auritus. 10. P. pici.
11-12. P. pici, 11. Male genitalia. 12. Genital region of female.

form suggests that the only constant difference is the length of the penis which
is somewhat longer in proportion to the endomeral plate in pici; the sclerites
(Text-fig. 11, a) at the base of the penis may be somewhat larger in pici, but the

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 9

appearance of these is so dependent on their position after the preparation of the
specimen that much of the apparent variation in their size and shape seems to be
illusory and due to accidents of mounting.

FEMALE. General characters as shown in Pl. I, fig. 2. Thoracic chaetotaxy and
sternites II-VI as in male; tergal plates II-X entire. Genital region (Text-fig. 12)
apparently as in auritus, but subvulval sclerites somewhat stouter. It should be
noted that the outer part of the genital plate is unpigmented and the shape there-
fore appears different in figures according to whether the outer part is or is not
shown.

CHAETOTAXY OF THE ABDOMEN. Asin auritus, there are in both sexes post-spiracular
setae on segments III—-VII with contiguous sensilli on III-V. Tergocentral setae
in both sexes : II, 4-6 and two long anterior setae (also present in auritus) ; III-VI,
6-10; VII, 4-7; VIII, 2 (in the female, 2-4), X, 3-4; in the male total number
of dorsal and ventral setae on the last segment varies from 13-15. In auritus the
tergocentral setae are 4 in number on II-VII and 2 on VIII, with the occasional
segment in the occasional specimen having an extra seta. Sternocentral setae as
in auritus : II-VII, 2; pleural setae as in auritus: II-III,0; IV-V,1; VI, 2-3;
VII, 2; VIII-IX, 3; in the female, X has 2 each side.

Male
Length Breadth
(ie A "ak ie ~ an!
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (5) ‘ ; : 0*59-0:60 0°595 ~=—-«.: (14)0°47-0°54 O51
Prothorax (5) ; : —_ — ; 0*3I-0°33 +32
Pterothorax (5). , — — : 0*50-0°55 0°53
Abdomen (4) I*O7-I +12 °007 0*70—-0°75 0°72
Total (4) I*9Q7-2°05 2:008 — —
Genitalia (1) 0+33 — : — —
C.I. (5) 0+84-0-90 0-88 ; _— —
Female
Head (5) : ; : 0:65-0:67 0-66 . (19)0-52—-0-60 0-56
Prothorax (5) : : — — : 0*33-0°37 0°35
Pterothorax (5) . : —_ — : 0+58-0-63 0:60
Abdomen (5) I + 32-1 °37 I +33 0+80-0-90 0+83
Total (5) 2+28-2°40 2°25 : — —
C.I. (5) 0+87-0-91 0-89 : = =

Neotype male (PI. I, fig. 1) and neallotype female (PI. I, fig. 2) of Penentrmus pict
(J. C. Fabricius) from Picus viridis Linn from Estonia (Meinertzhagen Collection,
British Museum (Natural History), slide No. 1594a). Neoparatypes: 16 males and
28 females from Picus viridis from Estonia and England.

Neotype of Docophorus scalaris Burmeister, 1838 the neotype specimen of Penentr-
mus pict (J. C. Fabricius) designated above.

ro THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA
Pediculus anatis (p. 571)

There is an independent description, but the species is the same as that described
by Schrank (1781) under the same name and the host (‘‘ Anas Boshas ”’) is also the
same. Since P. anatis J. C. Fabricius is not only a synonym of Anaticola crassicornis
(Scopoli) but also a homonym of A. anatis (Schrank), we would have thought it
superfluous to erect a neotype for it but for the fact that Nitzsch (1818, p. 292)
renamed it Philopterus (Lipeurus) squalidus.

Neotype of Anaticola anatis (J. C. Fabricius) the neotype specimen of Anaticola
crassicormis (Scopoli) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1951 : 19.

Pediculus tantali (p. 571)

The host is Tantalus (= Ibis) leucocebhalus and the syntypes are in the Univer-
sitetets Zoologiske Museum in Copenhagen. Through the kindness of Dr. S. L.
Tuxen it has been possible to examine these specimens and other Fabrician type
material. The syntypes comprise two males and two females (one of the females
being headless) and are labelled ‘‘ Tranquebaria Daldorff’’. These specimens have
been mounted in Canada balsam and the male specimen shown in PI. VI, fig. 3
is here designated as lectotype and the slide has been so labelled ; a female is shown
in Pl. VI, fig. 4 This species will be dealt with fully by Dr. B. K. Tandan in his
revision of Ardeicola.

Lectotype of Ardeicola tantali (J. C. Fabricius) male (PI. VI, fig. 3) in the Univer-
sitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen.

G. W. F. PANZER, 1798
(Faunae Insector'um Germaniae Initia oder Deutschlands Inseckten, Heft 51 : 17-24).

This work consists of coloured drawings accompanied by text confined to host-
records and references to descriptions by previous authors. In the titles of the
drawings all the Linnean species are ascribed to Fabricius, though references to
Linné’s descriptions are given in the text. No species are described as new, but
several are misidentified. The only importance of the work is that several of the
drawings are quoted by Nitzsch in 1818, and these will be dealt with, where necessary,
in our discussion of his paper.

SCHRANK, 1802

(Briefe naturhistorischen, physikalischen und oekonomischen Inhaltes an Herrn Nau. Erlangen.

Page 361).

This work which was brought to our notice by Dr. W. Eichler, contains the descrip-
tion of only one species of Mallophaga, (Pediculus phaeopodis), omitted from the
recent literature until 1952. This is an Austromenopon and a description is given in
Clay, 1959 : 165, where a neotype for the species is designated.

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA II
SCHRANK, 1803
(Fauna Boica. Landshut. Vol. 3, pt. 1: 186-194).

The descriptions in this publication are much shorter than those in Schrank’s
earlier works and there are no figures. Most of the names, including a few unnecessary
nomina nova, have already been dealt with, but a considerable number are new.

Pediculus mustelae (p. 186)

The host is ‘‘ gemeinen Wiesel” (= Mustela n. nivalis Linn., since Schrank’s
material must be assumed to have been from Bavaria), and the brief description
is quite sufficient to indicate a Trichodectid of the type commonly found on this
host.

Although there has never been any reasonable cause for doubt as to the identity
of Schrank’s species, the nomenclature has been thoroughly and unnecessarily thrown
into confusion. Nitzsch (1818 : 246) started the process by proposing Trichodectes
dubius as a nomen novum for Shrank’s species, and Denny confused under Nitzsch’s
name the two quite separate species found on the weasel and on the stoat. Giebel
(1861 : 88 ; 1874 : 55) proposed Trichodectes pusillus as a nomen novum for T. dubius
Nitzsch, giving as host both weasel and stoat though admitting that he had seen
no material from the latter. Piaget (1880 : 387, pl. 31, fig. 8) added greatly to the
confusion by including three quite distinct species under the name retusus ; his
description and figure seem to be based mainly on mustelae but the only specimen
in the portion of his collection preserved at the British Museum is a female from a
stoat. Harrison (1916) restored Schrank’s name, though accepting Piaget’s erroneous
synonymy. Kéler (1938: 429, figs. 22, 23) redescribed mustelae from Nitzsch’s
material and made it the type species (under the synonym fpusillus) of his new
genus Stachiella, which we consider to be at most a subgenus of Trichodectes.

Since Trichodectes dubius Nitzsch is a nomen novum for Pediculus mustelae Schrank,
and T. pusillus Giebel is a nomen novum for T. dubius Nitzsch, the neotypes we
erect for mustelae are necessarily also neotypes of dubius and pusillus.

We designate as neotype of Trichodectes mustelae (Schrank) the female? and as
neallotype the male specimens in the Nitzsch collection in the Zoological Museum
of Halle University which Kéler utilized for his figures of the species (Kéler, 1938 :
429, figs. 22, 23) and as neoparatypes the other specimens from Mustela n. nivalis
in the Nitzsch collection.

Pediculus ovis arietis (p. 187)

This is merely a renaming of Pediculus ovis Schrank, 1781 and has already been
dealt with under Damalinia ovis (in Clay & Hopkins, 1954 : 255).

Pediculus collurionis (p. 187)

This species has already been dealt with under Philopterus coarctatus (Scopoli),
of which we consider it to be a synonym (Clay & Hopkins, 1951 : 6).

1 In this genus the female is more diagnostic than the male,

12 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

Neotype of Philopterus collurionis (Schrank) the neotype specimen of Philopterus
coarctatus (Scopoli) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1951 : 8.

Pediculus pici (p. 188)

The host is “‘Schwarzspecht’”’ (Dryocopus martius) and the description almost
certainly refers to a Penenirmus, but as the name is a homomyn of Pediculus pici
J. C. Fabricius, 1798 and probably a synonym of Penenirmus heteroscelis (Nitzsch),
1866 the name need not be further discussed.

Pediculus upupae (p. 189)

The host is ‘‘ Wiedehopf”’ (= Upupa e. epops Linn.) and the description fits
almost perfectly Piaget’s figure (Piaget, 1880, pl. 12, fig. 7) of Nirmus melanophrys
N., from the same host: Giebel’s descriptions (1866: 369; 1874: 146) leave little
room for doubt that Piaget’s identification of melanophrys was correct, especially
as this is the only species of Ischnocera which appears to occur normally on this host.
Moreover a rough sketch of melanophrys in Nitzsch’s manuscript seems to represent
this species. Denny (1842: 45, 92, pl. 8, fig. 1) described as new the same species
from the same host under the name Docophorus upupae; the syntypes of upupae
Denny and Piaget’s specimens labelled melanophrys are in the British Museum
(Natural History) and are the same as upupae Schrank described below. Harrison
(1916) places upupae Schrank in Philopterus and upupae Denny in Degeeriella with
melanophrys as a synonym ; the species is neither a Piilopterus nor a Degeeriella
and (under the name melanophrys) has been made the type species of Upupicola
(Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939 : 165).

Upupicola is a monotypic genus belonging to the Degeeriella complex (see Clay,
1958) and is distinguished by the presence of a dorsal preantennal suture, the form
of the temporal carinae and the lateral thickening of the abdomen ; the male geni-
talia are of the typical degeerielline form.

Mate. General characters as shown in PI. II, fig. 1; dorsal characters of the
head as shown in Text-fig. 13; dorsal preantennal suture has a posterior central
prolongation which varies in depth and width ; temporal carina passes posteriorly
from the preocular nodus but does not reach occipital margin ; ocular setae and two
of the marginal temporal setae each side elongated. Prothorax with one elongated
seta each side of posterodorsal margin; pterothorax with lateral spine-like seta
and elongated seta each side and four setae in two groups of two each side of the
dorsal posterior margin. Two meso- and two metasternal setae. Tergum of ptero-
thorax divided medially almost to posterior margin; meso-metasternal plate
flask-shaped. Tergal plates II-X complete across the segments, but II-IV have
partial divisions centrally. Terminal segments as in Text-fig. 14. Sternal plate II
is a central, nearly rectangular plate, III-VII are complete across segments ; remain-
ing sternites form a narrow central genital plate with a lateral sclerite each side of
VIII. Lateral abdominal thickening characteristic (as in Text-fig. 17) and formed
partly from internal dorsal thickening (pleural, see Clay, 1958:127) and partly

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 13

from internal thickening at the lateral edge of the sternites. Male genitalia as in
Text-figs. 15-16 ; dorsal endomeral arms (Clay, 1958 : 127) vary in height.

FEMALE. General characters as in Pl. II, fig. 2. Thoracic setae, tergum of ptero-
thorax and meso-metasternal plate, abdominal tergites II-VIII, sternites II-VI
and lateral abdominal thickening as in male. Terminal sterna of abdomen as in
Text-fig. 18.

17

Fics. 13-18. Upupicola upupae (Schrank). 13. Head of male, dorsal. 14. Terminal
segments of male abdomen, dorsal. 15. Male genitalia, ventral. 16. Endomeral plate,
dorsal (enlarged). 17. Inner view of lateral parts of tergum (left) and sternum (right)
of segment V, female. 18. Female genital region.

14 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Post-spiracular setae on segments III—VIII, with
sensilli on segments III-V. Tergocentral setae II, 4-6 with two anterior setae ;
III-VI, 6-7; VII-VIII, 4-7. Pleural setae: II-III, 0; IV-—V, one each side;
VI-VII, 3 each side; VIII, 3. Sternocentral setae: II-VI, 6~7, rarely 4 or 5 on
one or two segments. In the male VII-VIII, 2; last segment, one long and one
spine-like seta each side; total number of marginal setae of last segment dorsal
and ventral varies from 12-16, Sternal setae of VII-XI in the female as in Text-fig.
18.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
c ts SE 'g An iit: |
Range Mean Range Rean
Head (20) _ . , F 0*44-0°53 0°487 0+38-0° 44 0*416
Prothorax (1) ; - — — ‘ 0°25 —_
Pterothorax (I) . . _— — 0°43 —
Abdomen (1) : ‘ I+30 _— ; 0:61 —
Total (z) ; : : 2*I0 — —_ —
Genitalia (1) . : 0:38 — — —_
os ae ; ; 4 0+80-0-89 0°85 — —
Female
Length Breadth
ra. ce 2. ea ~ net.
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (20) . : - 0+ 50-0°56 0°53 : 0+43-0°48 0°454
Prothorax (1) é ‘ — — ; 0+27 —_
Pterothorax (I). : — — 0°47 —
Abdomen (1). H ; 1°44 — 0:64 —
Total (1) ; : , 2°28 _— sed —
Genitalia . . ‘ oa = — a=
ae 3; ‘ * ; 0-82-0:89 0:85 —

Neotype male (PI. II, fig. 1) and neallotype female (Pl. II, fig. 2) of Upupicola
upupae (Schrank) in the British Museum (Natural History), slide No. 650, from
Upupa e. epops Linn. from Hodonin, Czechoslovakia collected (11.vi.1953) and
presented by Dr. FrantiSek Balat. Neoparatypes: 45 3, 49 ¢ from the same species
of host from France, Italy, Portugal, Czechoslovakia, Asia Minor, Pakistan and
India.

Lectotype of Docophorus upupae Denny, 1842: male in the Denny Collection
British Museum (Natural History), slide No. 225. Paratypes: 1 3, 5 9.

Pediculus chloropodis (p. 189)

The host of this species is given in one place as ‘“‘ Blasshuhn”’ (Fulica a. atra
Linn.) and in another as “rothschnabligen Wasserhuhn’’ (Gallinula c. chloropus
(Linn.)). However, as the specific name is chloropodis it can be assumed that the

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 15

host was Gallinula chloropus. The statement in the description that the insect
is larger than the largest human louse and runs uncommonly fast seems to exclude
all parasites of Gallinula except Laemobothrion and, allowing for certain discrepancies
in the description, this describes well nymphs of Laemobothrion from Gallinula
chloropus brachyptera. Although we have specimens of Laemobothrion from sub-
species of Gallinula chloropus from Africa, India and Brazil (see below, p. 55) : we have
none from the European form, Gallinula c. chloropus ; there is little doubt that this
would be the same as that from the African and Indian forms but the neotype
must be based on a specimen from this subspecies.

Present status of Pediculus chloropodis Schrank: Laemobothrion chloropodis
(Schrank, 1803).

Pediculus vanelli (p. 190)

This species has already been discussed under Pediculus junceus (Scopoli) of which
we consider it to be a synonym (Clay & Hopkins, 1951: 24. It seems relevant to
note that Nirmus vanelli Denny, the type species of Quadraceps, is a totally distinct
species and a synonym of Quadraceps hospes (Nitzsch).

Neotype of Quadraceps vanelli (Schrank) the neotype specimen of Quadraceps
qunceus (Scopoli) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1951 : 24.

Pediculus tringae (p. 190)

The description is particularly poor and the host is given in one line as “‘ Geiss-
vogel ’”’ (= Capella gallinago) and in the next line as “‘ Kybiz ” (= Vanellus vanellus).
Harrison (1916, p. 19) places the name as a synonym of junceus Scopoli, but as
Schrank states that his species is close to the “ Truthennenlaus”’ (= Chelopistes
meleagridis) this synonymy seems quite impossible.

Fortunately Pediculus tringae Schrank 1803 is a homonym of Pediculus tringae
O. Fabricius 1780, so that further discussion of it would serve no useful purpose.

Pediculus scolopacis phaeopodis (p. 191)

This species is from “‘ Regenvogel ”’ (= Numenius p. phaeopus). The description
is brief, merely stating that the insect is flattened, oval, the head bluntly heart-
shaped with three long setae in the neighbourhood of the eye and one close to the
antenna, that the thorax is axe-shaped, and that the insect is of the size of a small
human louse but exceptionally flat. This description, however, is much more diagnos-
tic than would appear at first sight. An oval species with a bluntly heart-shaped
head found on Numenius could only be a Saemundssonia or a Cummingsiella, the
metathorax of either of which could be described as axe-shaped, but the head of
the Saemundssonia fits the description “ bluntly heart-shaped ”’ distinctly better
than does that of Cummingsiella. Furthermore, although a species of Cummingstella
is stated to occur on Numenius phacopus we have failed to find it on any specimens
of this host which we have examined, and its rarity renders improbable any suggestion
that this was the species which Schrank had. We therefore conclude that Schrank’s
species must have been the Saemundssonia which is common on this host.

16 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

Harrison (1916, p. 18) states that the present species is probably the same as
Docophorus ‘‘ rotundatus Nitzsch”’, by which we assume that he meant D. rotundus
Rudow, for there is no such species as D. rotundatus Nitzsch and none of the three
forms for which Piaget used the name is from a wader. Docophorus rotundus Rudow

is

Fics. 19-26. Saemundssonia scolopacisphaeopodis (Schrank). 19. Preantennal region
of male head, dorsal. 20-21. Right mandible. 20. Male. 21. Female. 22. Terminal
segments of male abdomen, dorsal. 23. Mesosome of male genitalia. 24. Paramere.
25. Male genital plate. 26. Female genital region.

26

is also from Numenius phaeopus and although Rudow’s description is little better
than Schrank’s we can find nothing in it which suggests that the two species are
not the same.

This is the third earliest species of Saemundssonia to be described from the Charadrii

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 17

and is distinguished from the other two, S. haematopi (Linn.) and S. tringae (O.
Fabricius) by the shape of the head and male genitalia. The individuals of the
population found on Numenius arquatus do not seem to be distinguishable except
perhaps on size (see below) and if this proves to be the case can be recognized as
a subspecies, namely Saemundssonia scolopacisphaeopodis humeralis (Denny).

Male of S. scolopacisphaeopodis. General characters as shown in, PI. III, fig. 1.
The tooth on the right mandible (a diagnostic character for Saemundssonia) is
small (Text-fig. 20), but as is usual for the genus somewhat better developed in the
female (Text-fig. 21). Anterior plate as ‘in Text-fig. 19. Prothorax with one long
seta at each latero-posterior corner; pterothorax with 18-24 long setae on the
posterior margin and a lateral spine-like seta each side. Two meso- and two meta-
sternal setae on the sternal plate which is of irregular and variable outline. Tergal
plate II entire ; IJI—XI divided medially. Sternite II is a small irregular central
sternite not always apparent ; III in the form of a small irregular shaped lateral
sclerite each side; IV—VI each a narrow horizontally elongated sclerite ; genital
plate variable and irregular in outline (Text-fig. 25). Genitalia as shown in PI. III,
fig. 3; and Text-figs. 23-24; unlike S. tvingae there are no setae arising from the
6 pustules which lie in the centre of the mesosome.

FEMALE. Similar to male in general characters but somewhat larger. Chaetotaxy
of thorax as in male. Tergal plates II and IX—X entire ; III-VIII and XI divided
medially. Sternites II-VI each as a small irregular shaped lateral sclerite each side
of segment. Genital region as in Text-fig. 26.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Post-spiracular setae of male and female present
on segments IIIJ-VII with contiguous sensilli on III-V. Tergocentral setae of
mare neotype:: IT. Al, tas TV, at: V,.37:. Vi, 123 VIl,32 VHI,.2: XxX, 6;
Sternocentral setae: II-V, 2 (II-III not from neotype); VI, 4; VII, 2. Pleural
setae: It. 6-111, 1 each side: IV,.2: V,.3:- Vig. and 5.) VU,.3 and .4:- VII,
4; IX, 3. Tergocentral setae of female neallotype: II, 9; III, 16; IV, 15; V,
18; VI, 19; VII, 14; VIII, 6; X, 5. Sternocentral setae as in male. Pleural
petee = Sf, oF TIE Es TV, a: Vi:2and 3: Vi, 37and.5; Vi,.4; VUI,.3 and 5;
IX, 3 and 4.

Measurements in mm.

Length Breadth
Nee A.
| en a: | [aa EN
Male Female Male Female
A me EE
Co | | a |
Range* Mean Range Mean
(15) (15)
Head . é 0°67 0:60-0:66 0°63 0°72 ; 0:70 0:66-0°74 0:70 0-81
Prothorax . — — — — : 0-38 — — 0°41
Pterothorax . — — — — ? 0°54 — — 0°59
Abdomen. 0:96 — — 227 ; 1+02 — — I°I7
Total . ‘ I-90 a — 2°29 : — _— —_ —
Genitalia ‘ — 0:77-0:87 0:82 — ; — — — —
ia Ma ; I-04 1:08-1-16 I-12 —_ ‘ —_ — = ae

* Length and C.I. in this column does not include hyaline margin.
ENTOM. 9, I 2

18 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

Ten males from Numenius arquatus have the following range of head-measurements:
Length (not including hyaline margin), 0-65-0-68 mm.; mean, 0-67. Breadth,
0-75-0'79 mm.; mean, 0-77 mm. Twenty males taken from a single individual
host collected in Uganda by G.H.E.H. and identified as Numenius phaeopus have
a range and mean of head measurements similar to those of the specimens from
Numentus arquatus, as follows: Length, 0-65-0-68 mm.; mean, 0-67. Breadth,
0-75-0°80 ; mean, 0°77.

Neotype male (Pl. III, fig. 1) and neallotype female of Saemundssonta scolopaci-
sphaeopodis (Schrank, 1803) in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Collection (slide
No. 20223a) from Numenius p. phaeopus (Linn.) from S. Uist, Scotland. Neopara-
types: 19 g and 182 from Numenius phaeopus from the British Isles, Iceland,
France and the Maldive Islands.

Pediculus fulicae (p. 191)

The host is given as “ Rohrhuhn”’ and as “ Blasshuhn’’, alternative names for
Fulica a. atra. We have already discussed the species under Pediculus fulicae Linn.
(Clay & Hopkins, 1950 : 256) and noted that it is the Incidifrons to which we have
restricted Linné’s name. As Pediculus fulicae Schrank is a homonym of P. fulicae
Linn. we think it unnecessary to erect a neotype for it.

Pediculus totani (p. 191)

The host is given as “ Strandschnepfen’’, a name which applies to either the
common or the dusky redshank, but in view of Schrank’s choice of specific name
we consider it certain that the host must have been Totanus totanus.

Harrison (1916, p. 19) rejected this name as unrecognizable, but a species with
an anteriorly-rounded head which has a deep lateral inlet in the region of the eye
and extends posteriorly into two almost heart-shaped lobes could be nothing but
a Colpocephalum s.l., and in view of the host must have been an Actornithophilus.
Nothing in the rest of the description is at variance with this identification of
Schrank’s species, though it must be noted that what he took for the antennae
were evidently the palpi. No other Actornithophilus has been, described from Totanus
totanus.

A neotype will be designated for Actornithophilus totant (Schrank) in a publication
(Clay, in press) dealing with the species of Actornithophilus parasitic on the Charadrii.

Pediculus urogalli (p. 192)

Harrison (1916, p. 19) regarded this as a nomen nudum, but it is described (from
memory !) as large, elongated and very common. The host is given as ‘‘ Auerhahn ”
(= Tetrao u. urogallus Linn.).

We have failed to find in the Rules of Nomenclature anything dealing directly
with the question of descriptions made from memory, and we suspect that the
compilers of the Rules failed to foresee the possibility of descriptions being made so.

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 19

But we consider that for a name to be valid it must be the name of an organism and
not of an author’s memory of that organism and we therefore regard the name
Pediculus urogalli Schrank as nomenclatorially unavailable.

Pediculus milvi (p. 193)

The naming of this species appears to have been almost accidental, but this does
not affect its validity. It is a nomen novum for the “ Hiihnergeyerlaus ’’ depicted
by Frisch (‘‘ XI Stiicke, Tab. 24”). Frisch’s figure represents a Laemobothrion,
and Hiihnergeyer = Circus aeruginosus, so we consider Pediculus milvi to be the
common Laemobothrion of this host, which we have already identified as L. circz
(Fourcroy).

Neotype of Laemobothrion milvi (Schrank) the neotype specimen of Laemobothrion
circt (Fourcroy) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1954 : 263.

Pediculus hirundinis (p. 193)

The description purports to be of P. Mirvundinis “ Linn. faun. suec. n. 1963’,
but the latter (which we have dealt with in Clay & Hopkins, 1950 : 267) is from
Hirundo apus (= Apus apus), whereas Schrank’s species is from ‘‘ Hausschwalbe ”’
(= Delichon u. urbica).

Harrison (1916: 15) takes the view that Schrank’s species is ‘‘ A Menoponid,
probably = Dennyus burmeisteri Denny, not Docophorus excisus as quoted by
Nitzsch, 1818, p. 290.”’ We entirely disagree with this view, which is obviously
due to confusion between hirundinis Linn. and hirundinis Schrank. The description
of Schrank’s species is brief and inadequate, but he mentions that the head is
“ gweylappig ” anteriorly, a character which fits the Philopterus found on Delichon
urbica, but excludes all other known genera of lice from either swallows or swifts.

Pediculus hirundinis Schrank 1803 is preoccupied by Pediculus hirundints Pontop-
pidan 1763, and the species will be dealt with below as Philopterus (Docophorus)
excisus Nitzsch 1818.

Pediculus chelidonius (p. 194)

The host is ‘‘ Spurschwalbe”’ (= Apus apus) and the brief description states
that the insect has a heart-shaped head, and almost linear body, and the two parts
of the dorsum of the thorax are transversely elliptical. In the remarks following
the description the species is stated to be very like the “‘ Taubenlaus ”’ as depicted
by Redi (Columbicola columbae) but distinguished by the different structure of the
two parts of the thorax.

Harrison (1916, p. 12) placed the insect in Degeeriella s.l., but was unable to
find a meaning for the name of the host.

As the description seems to be certainly that of a member of the Ischnocera and
as no Ischnocera have ever, so far as we are aware, been reported from any of the

20 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

swifts, Pediculus chelidonius is at best a hopelessly unrecognizable straggler, but
(for reasons discussed under prognes, below) we think it much more probable that
it is a chimaera, consisting of the head of one insect and the abdomen of another.
We therefore regard the name as unavailable.

Pediculus prognes (p. 194)

This is first called the “‘ Rauchschwalben Lfaus]”’ (= louse of Hirundo rustica),
and later the host is given as ‘‘ Hausschwalbe”’ (= Delichon urbica). The descrip-
tion states: ‘“‘ Der Kopf spondonférmig ; der Hinterleib eyformig, schwarz gefleckt,
riickwarts allmahlig sagezahnig und borstig.”’ It is stated to be the same as Pediculus
hirundinis Fabricius (1781, p. 483), which Schrank alleges to be different from
P. hirundinis Linn.

Actually the species described by Linné and by Fabricius are identical, for the
latter’s description ‘‘ pallescens, abdomine albo nigro maculato ”’ is merely a shorten-
ing of Linné’s “ pallescens, abdomine obovato albo nigro contaminato lateribus
setis posticis majoribus ”. Schrank’s error is obviously due to his having misidenti-
fied as Pediculus hirundinis Linn. the Philopterus of Delichon urbica.

With regard to Schrank’s own descriptions, spontoons were of various shapes,
but at least one common kind was of a shape very like that of the head of the Bruélia
found on the Hirundinidae. On the other hand, species of Brueélia of this type do not
have in either sex an abdomen that could possibly be considered egg-shaped. Philop-
terus is excluded by the fact that Schrank has described the Philopterus of the
‘“‘ Hausschwalbe ”’ (as Pediculus hirundinis) on the previous page ; even if an interval
elapsed between the writing of the two descriptions, during which he forgot he had
described the Philopterus, we think he could not have failed to note the ‘“‘ zweylappig ”
head. The Amblycera are ruled out by the fact that none of them has a head remotely
like any form of spontoon of which we have been able to find a drawing.

We can make nothing of this description, which does not fit any known parasite
of either the Hirundinidae or Apodidae. The most likely possibility appears to
us to be that by some error of transcription the description of the head given for
P. chelidonius became attached to that of the abdomen of P. prognes and vice versa,
because the combination head-of-chelidonius plus body-of-prognes would fit perfectly
the Dennyus from Apus apus, while the reverse combination would agree excellently
with a Bruelia from Delichon urbica. Moreover, we find confirmation in evidence
that suggests that the host-records got switched at the same time, for Schrank’s
usual practice was to name his lice after their hosts, and he is much more likely
to have intended to use the name chelidonius for a louse of Delichon (at one time
called Chelidon urbica) than for one from Apus apus.

We believe that our suggestion of a transposition of parts of these descriptions
is extremely probable, and that the description of the head of one insect and the
abdomen of another has no more validity than the description of any other chimaera.
We therefore consider the name Pediculus prognes Schrank to be nomenclatorially
unavailable.

EEE EEE —— <—— — --

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 21
J. C. FABRICIUS, 1805
(Systema antliatorum. Brunsvigae, pp. 340-349).

This is the usual Fabrician list of descriptions (mostly quoted from other authors)
and references, but there are two new species.

Pediculus melis (p. 341)

The description is brief, but is sufficiently clear that there has never been any
doubt as to the species intended, moreover the type material, one male and one
nymph, is still in existence in the Universitetets Zoologiske Museum in Copenhagen.
The male lectotype (by present selection) is the species re-described and figured
by Kéler (1938 : 424-425, figs. 17, 18). Nitzsch (1818 : 295) proposed the entirely
unnecessary nomen novum Trichodectes crassus for this species, otherwise it has
remained without synonyms.

Lectotype of Trichodectes melis (J. C. Fabricius) male (PI. IV, fig. 2) in the Univer-
sitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen.

Pediculus anserinus (p. 345)

As we have already pointed out (1950 : 239), Pediculus anseris Linn. (1758 : 612)
was a composite of an Anaticola and a Trinoton and was restricted by J. C. Fabricius
(1775 : 807) to the former. Almost simultaneously Sulzer (1776 : 241, pl. 29, fig. 4)
also redescribed Pediculus anseris Linn; but his species is the Tvinoton ; his action
would have been a valid restriction of the name but that Fabricius’ restriction is
earlier. The host of Sulzer’s species is ‘‘Gans’’, which must be assumed to be
Anser anser domestica.

Pediculus anserinus is in part a nomen novum for anseris Sulzer, but there is
also a long description which is obviously that of the Tvinoton. The host is Anas
anser (= Anser anser, probably a wild bird).

Nitzsch (1818 : 300) renamed Sulzer’s species Liotheuwm (Trinoton) conspurcatum
and the synonymy will be discussed when we come to deal with Nitzsch’s name.
Harrison (1916 : 11) restored the name given to the species by Fabricius.

The type material in Copenhagen comprises two dried specimens of Trinoton,
one of which (a male) has been mounted and is designated below as lectotype.

The species of Tvinoton can be divided into four main groups as follows :

|

Dorsal surface of hind head and prothorax without stout spine-like setae
femoratum Piaget
Dorsal surface of hind head and prothorax with stout spine-like setae . ‘ ; 2

2. Dorsal prothoracic spine-like setae less than 8 in number ; ; ‘ 3
- Dorsal prothoracic spine-like setae more than 20 . ; . aculeatum Piaget
3. Gular area without short stout spine-like setae . gambense group (of Tendeiro, 1958)
- Gular area with short stout spine-like setae : : : , querquedulae group

The querquedulae group can be separated by the character of the chaetotaxy
into two, one (guerquedulae) being found on Anas and related genera and one
(anserinum) on Anser and related genera,

22 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

Trinoton anserinum from Anser anser, is distinguished from T. querquedulae,
from Anas crecca, by size, by the chaetotaxy of the gular plate and ventral surface
of the thorax (anserinum having more numerous setae of which proportionally
fewer are spine-like) and by the small setae comprising the brushes of the 3rd femora
and sternites IV and V being noticeably more numerous (Pl. IV, figs. 3-4). In
the females there is a thickening in the dorsal wall of the genital chamber which
projects below the vulva and which appears to be of diagnostic value in the separa-
tion of species. This thickening is indistinct in outline and not easily seen in specimens

Fics. 27-28. Sclerotization of lower part of dorsal wall of genital chamber, drawn to same
scale. v.—vulva. 27. Trinoton querquedulae (Linn.). 28. T. anserinum (Fabricius) from
Anser anser, Manipur, India.

treated with caustic potash and was not shown in the figure of querquedulae in
Clay & Hopkins (1950 : 244), however with the help of phase contrast it has now
been possible to show the outline of the posterior part of this thickening (Text-fig.
27) for comparison with that of anserinum (Text-fig. 28).

Whether or not it will be possible to recognize subspecific differences between
the populations of anserinum from different species of hosts will have to wait for
further material and a study of the variation in size and chaetotaxy within the
populations,

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 23

Lectotype of Trinoton anserinum (J. C. Fabricius) male (Pl. IV, fig. 1) mounted
in canada balsam in the Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen.

Measurements of Lectotype in mm.

Length Breadth
Head . : ; . I-02 s 1-56
Prothorax . ‘ . — ; I-18
Metathorax . . : — ; I-62
Total . - : : 6-10 : —
Genitalia (in situ) . : 2°72 j —

OLFERS, J. FR. M. VON, 1816

De vegetativis et animatis corporibus in corporibus animatus reperiundis commentarius. Berlin.
Part 1, pp. 80-97).

For the most part this work is a list of names and references, but there are brief
descriptions of a number of species. In many cases it is difficult to decide whether
the descriptions are independent, because a number of them appear to have been
made from published drawings rather than from the insects themselves.

The work is in two distinct parts: on pages 86-91 Olfers describes a number of
species (renaming most of them regardless of their already having valid names)
and in this section he never derives the name of the parasite from that of the host.
But on pages 92-97 he lists, with references, a number of “species inquirendae ”’
under headings (such as “ Nirmus pavonis cristati (Var. albi)’’) many of which at
first sight look like names. The headings are invariably derived from the name
of the host and the example we have given is particularly enlightening because it
corresponds perfectly with Redi’s ‘“ Pollino del pavone bianco” and Albin’s
“ Louse of the white peacock’. We were convinced that these headings were never
intended as names and that they are in Latin merely because the whole work is in
that language, but for greater certainty we referred the question to the late Dr. K.
Jordan, who was in agreement with our opinion. We have, accordingly omitted all
mention of these headings, whose case is very similar to that of the ‘‘ Pediculi Rhedi
et Linnaei’’ listed by Fourcroy on pages 520-522 of his work.

It is of interest to note that there had been absolutely no advance in the generic
classification of the Mallophaga between 1668 and 1816. Redi distinguished roughly
between “ Pollini’’ (Mallophaga) and “ Pidocchi”’ (Anoplura), though he included
the Mallophaga of mammals in the latter. De Geer made a slight advance when he
included the Trichodectid of the dog in Ricinus among the Mallophaga, but Olfers
goes back to Redi’s arrangement placing the bird-Mallophaga in Nirmus but all
the mammal-infesting species of both groups in Pediculus.

Pediculus bifurcatus (p. 83)

This appears to be an unnecessary nomen novum for Pediculus porcelli Schrank
and P. saviae Schrank. As, however, the description is perhaps independent we
think it necessary to erect a neotype, but in view of the fact that the name is in part

24

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

Fics. 29-32. Head and prothorax of male Ricinus, drawn to same scale; maxilla,
labium and details of gular region omitted ; outline of internal thickening only approxi-
mate, varies in mounted specimens. 29. R. dolichocephalus. 30. R. rubeculae. 31. R.
fringillae. 32. R. elongatus, dorsal view of pterothorax and abdominal segment I
included. a, b, c setae referred to in text and Table I; seta b in Fig. 32 is short on
one side of neotype.

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 25

a nomen novum of P. porcelli Schrank we have selected the neotype of the latter as
neotype of P. bifurcatum.

Neotype of Gliricola bifurcatus (Olfers) the male specimen selected as neotype of
Gliricola porcelli (Schrank) by Clay & Hopkins, 1954 : 254 (see entry no. 458, Official
List of Specific Names in Zoology).

Pediculus setosus (p. 84)

The description seems to be independent and clearly refers to a sucking-louse,
but it is small wonder that Giebel and others placed setosus as a synonym of the
Trichodectid of the dog, because Olfers gives a reference to ‘‘ Ricinus Canis Degeer
ins. VII. tab. 4 f. 16.”

The name, therefore, refers to a mixture of a sucking-louse which Olfers had before
him and a chewing-louse which he had apparently not seen. It has long been
correctly restricted to the former.

Pediculus sphaerocephalus (p. 85)

The description again seems to be independent, though there are references to
Pediculus ovis of earlier authors. The author gives as host-record “ capris, ovibus ”’,
so it is exceedingly probable that his material included at least two species. The
name (usually attributed to Nitzsch) was long applied to the species with which
we have dealt as Damalinia ovis (Schrank).

Neotype of Damalinia sphaerocephalus (Olfers) the neotype specimen of Damalinia
ovis (Schrank) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1954 : 255.

Pediculus tauri (p. 85)

Although there is no description this name is not a nomen nudum as stated by
Harrison (1916: 19) but merely a reference to P. tauri Linn., 1761.

Genus Nirmus (p. 86)

This genus was erected by Hermann (1804:12) as a nomen novum for Ricinus
De Geer, which Hermann considered to be preoccupied because of the use of the
same name in botany. Neumann (1906: 56), therefore, in designating Ricinus
fringillae de Geer as type species of Ricinus, automatically made the same species
the type of Niymus Hermann.

Nirmus hasticeps (p. 87)

A nomen novum for Pediculus tinnuncult Linn. but with a description which may
perhaps be independent and which forces us to erect a neotype.

Neotype of Laemobothrion hasticeps (Olfers) the neotype specimen of Laemo-
bothrion tinnuncult (Linn.) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1950 : 230.

26 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA
Nirmus adustus (p. 87)

A blanket-name to cover Pediculus corvi Linn., Ricinus cornicis de Geer, and
(judging solely from the list of hosts) Pediculus haematopus Scopoli. The description
seems to apply chiefly to Philopterus corvi (Linn.), so we restrict it in that sense.

Neotype of Philopterus adustus (Olfers) the neotype specimen of Philopterus corvi
(Linn.) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1950 : 231.

aor 38

Fics. 33-38. Ricinus. 33-36. Right half of male labium, drawn to same scale. 33.
R. dolichocephalus. 34. R. rubeculae. 35. R. fringillae. 36. R. elongatus. 37-38.
Mandible, female. 37. R. fringillae. 38. R. elongatus.

Nirmus elongatus (p. 88)

This is the first really new description we find in Olfers’ work. The host is Turdus
viscivorus and the description (particularly the apparent absence of antennae and
the presence of a lateral fissure placed posteriorly on the head) leaves no doubt
that the insect was a Ricinus s. st. This appears to be a rare species on the type host,
the only specimens we have seen are those collected by Dr. F. Balat to whom we
are much indebted for the presentation of the neotype. Only female specimens
of Ricinus from Turdus pilaris, the type host of R. mystax (Burmeister), have been
seen ; these are not separable from R. elongatus and it is probable that mystax
will prove to be a synonym of the former name. R. ernstlangi Eichler, 1941 was
published as an uncritical nomen novum for a specimen from Turdus merula inade-
quately described by Piaget ; this specimen is no longer in either the British Museum
or Leyden parts of the Piaget Collection. However, males and females from Turdus
merula do not appear to be separable from elongatus: and ernstlangi can be considered
as a synonym of this latter name.

As already shown in previous papers in this series (Clay & Hopkins, 1951, 1954)
the species of Ricinus are most easily separated by the characters of the mandibles,

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 27

not only by the tips, but by the outline of the whole structure and for this reason
a figure is included here of the whole mandible of R. fringillae (Text-fig. 37) as this
was not shown in Clay & Hopkins, 1954. At that time we had no male of this latter
species, but through the kindness of Dr. Balat a male has been seen and a figure of
the genitalia can now be given (Text-fig. 41). Additional figures of the previously

42

Fics. 39-43. Ricinus. 39-40. Gular and thoracic plates and setae, female. 39. R.
dolichocephalus. 40. R. elongatus. 41-43. Male genitalia. 41. R. fringillae. 42. R. elon-
gatus. 43. R. dolichocephalus.

described species are given for comparison with elongatus, including one of the bar
joining the ends of the basal apodeme in R. dolichocephalus (Text-fig. 43) as the
pigmentation of the neotype specimen from which this was drawn gives the appearance
of the bar being more pointed centrally than it should be. Tables I and IT show the
characters which are of diagnostic value in separating the four species of Ricinus
under discussion.

28 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

MALE OF R. elongatus. General characters as shown in PI. I, fig. 5; chaeto-
taxy of head and thorax, mandible, labium and gular and thoracic plates as in
Text-figs. 32, 38, 36, 40. Owing to varying amounts of distortion during the pre-
paration of specimens the shape of the labium is variable, but the chaetotaxy appears
to be constant for each of the four species. As in all species of Ricinus examined
the pterothorax is fused with the 1st abdominal segment ; the four dorsal setae
(Text-fig. 32, c.) on this segment are assumed to be pterothoracic and are not included

46 48

Fics. 44-48. Ricinus. 44-46. R. elongatus. Terminal segments of abdomen. 44 Male.
45. Female, dorsal. 46. Female, ventral. 47-48. Sclerites of female genital region.
47. R. fringillae. 48. R. rubeculae.

in the account of the chaetotaxy of the abdomen (see below). Terminal segments
of the abdomen and genitalia as in Text-figs. 44 and 42.

FEMALE. General characters as shown in PI. I, fig. 4; characters of the mandible,
labium and gular and thoracic plates as in male; terminal segments of abdomen
as in Text-figs. 45 and 46.

CHAETOTAXY OF THE ABDOMEN. Post-spiracular setae present on segments
I-VIII, those on II—VIII with the usual two small posterior setae (see Clay, 1954 :
717, fig. 1) ; anterior to each post-spiracular seta is another seta which on segment
I is of medium length (Text-fig. 32, 0), but may rarely be shorter and thinner on

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 29

one side or duplicated on one side; these anterior setae on segments II-VIII are
usually short (Text-fig. 44 b), but rarely may be long on one side of a segment.
Tergocentral setae: I, 0; II-VIII, 2 + 2, rarely one or both may be missing on
one side. Pleural setae as in Table II. Sternocentral setae! in the male: I, 1 +1;
II-VII, 2 +2; VIII,2+2or1+1; inthe female: I, 1 +1; II-VI, 2 +2.
Chaetotaxy of terminal segments of male and female abdomens shown in Text-figs.

44-40.
Measurements in mm.
Female
co Se,
Male (2) Length Breadth
as EP A...
ae ee | ( acai em | | ie vat
Length Breadth Range Mean Range Mean
Head . . 0°68-0:7I 0:70-0:72 0+79-0°84(5) 0-80 0°77-0°81(5) 0°79
Prothorax ‘ _— 0-61-0°65 — — 0°75-0°79(4) 0°77
Abdomen . : — 1-08 , — — 1*39-1'44(4) 1°41
Total . 3°41-3°52 ms 4°58-4°69(4) 4°62 = =
Genitalia 0*50-0°51 — ; — — — —

Neotype male (PI. I, fig. 5) and neallotype female (PI. I, fig. 4), of Ricinus elongatus
(Olfers) in the British Museum (Natural History), slide No. 649, from Turdus
viscivorus Linn. from Hodonin, Czechoslovakia, collected (16.iv.1953) and presented
by Dr. Franti8ek Balat. Neoparatypes: 1 g and 5 2 from Turdus viscivorus Czecho-

slovakia and Hungary.

TABLE I.—Diagnostic Characters of Species of Ricinus

dolichocephalus rubeculae fringillae elongatus
Head shape and setae . Fig. 29 Fig. 30 Fig. 31 Fig. 32
Length of seta a. and Short 2 Short 2 Long 2 Long I
usual no. of associ- Fig. 29 a
ated sensilli
Mandibles ig ee Ae Pt. 3, Fig. 4 Fig. 37 Fig. 38
Labium ‘ . Fig. 33 Fig. 34 Fig. 35 ‘ Fig. 36
Gular and _ thoracic . Fig. 39 Pt::3, Bipck < Pt.-3; Fig. is: Fig. 40
plates and setae
Shape of prothorax ‘ Fig. 29 Fig. 30 Fig. 31 Fig. 32
Length of seta b.* . Short Short Medium Medium
anterior to Ist post- Fig. 320
spiracular seta
Pleural setae : See Table II
Setae round anal. Pt. 2, Fig. 15 PES. Pigs. 2 te 4, ae tO, Fig. 46
opening, 9
Sclerites of Q genital . Not apparent Fig. 48 Fig. 47 Fig. 46
region
3 genitalia PG Stig te Pt, Bige.2 5 Fig. 41 Fig. 42
and Fig. 43

* Length occasionally different on one side of segment.

1 It is possible that these setae are not assigned to the correct segments.

30 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

TABLE II.—Pleural Setae in Males of Species of Ricinus*

dolichocephalus vubeculae Sringillae elongatus

| ae ‘ ' A 2 sp. , fe) : fe) ; I sp.
3 he : : ‘ 3 Sp. ; 2-3 Sp. : 3 Sp. : 2 sp.
2 5 ae ‘ é 3 Sp. : 2-3 Sp. : 3 Sp. ‘ 2-3 sp.
IV-VI . : ; I sp., ‘ I-2 sp., : I sp., ‘ I sp.

I medium, 1 long t long 2 long 1-2 long,
VIT . ; < F I short, : 2 short, Z r short, : As IV

I medium, 1 long 1 long 2 long
VIII . ; ‘ As VII . As VII A As VII : As IV

* Setae of one side only given ; there is some individual variation, usually on one side of the segment

only.
+ Posterior to 1st post-spiracular seta.
sp.= spine-like seta.

Nirmus crassicornis (p. 89)

This only needs mention because Harrison (1916: 13) attributes the name to
Olfers and considers the species different from crassicornis Scopoli. It is only different
inasmuch as it is a mixture of Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli) and A. anseris (Linn.),
and Olfers himself correctly credits the name to Scopoli.

Nirmus fornicatus (p. 89)

Another blanket-name, covering Pediculus sternae Linn., the left-hand figure of
Redi’s plate 9, and Ricinus lari de Geer excluding the figure. The species is stated
to occur on “‘ laris et sternis ’’ and the description is unmistakably that of a Saemunds-
sonia. The name has already been restricted (Clay, 1949: 10) by the selection of
a neotype specimen from Sterna h. hirundo agreeing with the neotype of Saemunds-
sonia sternae (Linn.).

Nirmus tetragonocephalus (p. 90)

A new name for Pediculus pavonis Linn., but with an independent description
which clearly refers to the same insect. The host is Pavo cristatus.

Neotype of Goniodes tetragonocephalus (Olfers) the male neotype specimen of
Goniodes pavonis (Linn.) designated by Clay (1940, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. B, 110 : 7).

Nirmus trigonocephalus (p. 90)

A-new name for Pediculus gallinae Linn., but with an apparently independent
description ; the host is Phasianus gallus. The references include de Geer, pl. 4,
fig. 15, of which Olfers remarks that it is a very bad figure. This is hardly surprising
because de Geer’s figure represents a Goniocotes whereas Olfers’ description is that
of a Menopon. '

Neotype of Menopon trigonocephalus (Olfers), the male neotype specimen of
Menopon gallinae (Linn.) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1950 : 262.

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 31
Nirmus filiformis (p. 90)

Eichler (1942:279) has erected a neotype for Columbicola filiformis (Olfers)
from Columba o. oenas.

Nirmus globifer (p. 91)

This is primarily a nomen novum for Pediculus citrinellae Schrank and Pediculus
emberizae Fabricius but also includes Pediculus passeris Fourcroy because Geoffroy’s
figure of the latter is quoted in the references. The host-list includes Emberiza
citrinella, Parus major, Fringilla linaria and F. domestica. In order to prevent
any future confusion we restrict the name in such a way as to make it a synonym
of citrinellae Schrank.

Neotype of Philopterus globifer (Olfers) the male neotype specimen of Philopterus
citrinellae (Schrank) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1954 : 229.

Nirmus pterocephalus (p. 91)

Another blanket-name, covering Pediculus fringillae de Geer, Pediculus fringillae
Scopoli and P. rubeculae Schrank. The first and third of these species belong to
Ricinus s. sty., as also does Olfers’ description, but the species described by de Geer
and by Schrank are not the same and there is nothing in Olfers’ description to
suggest which he had before him. Nor does his host-record help, for it is “‘ Hab.
in motacilla rubecula ; fringillis ; Emberizis.”

Nirmus pterocephalus has usually been held to apply chiefly to Ricinus rubeculae
(Schrank) and we establish this assumption on a firm basis by our selection of the
neotype.

Neotype of Ricinus pterocephalus (Olfers) the male neotype specimen of Ricinus
rubeculae (Schrank) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1954 : 224.

Nirmus truncatus (p. 91)

This is an independent description and the host is Hirundo (= Apus) apus.
Harrison (1916 : 19) refers the species to Dennyus and we are in full agreement with
this attribution. Olfers suggests that Pediculus chelidoneus Schrank may be the
male of truncatus, but this is definitely not the case.

As the details of the prothoracic plate are not clear in the figure of hivwndinis
given in Hopkins & Clay, 1950, fig. 60, an enlarged figure is included here. The
number of long setae on this plate is not diagnostic as in both sexes variation in
number from 3-7 has been found (Text-figs. 53-54).

Neotype of Dennyus truncatus (Olfers) the male neotype specimen of Dennyus
hirundinis (Linn.) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1950 : 268.

NITZSCH, 1818
(Die Familien und Gattungen der Thierinsekten. Germar’s Mag. Ent. 3, pp. 261-318).

It has usually been assumed that all the specific names in this work (the only paper
on Mallophaga published by Nitzsch himself) are nomina nuda, but this is incorrect ;

32 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

none of them is accompanied by a description, but many are nomina nova, mostly
totally unnecessary, for previously-described species. The bearing of this point
on the selection by various authors of type species for Nitzsch’s genera has been
discussed by one of us (Hopkins, 1946) and his application to the International °
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to validate certain invalid but universally
accepted selections was finally approved in Opinion 342 (1955, Opin. Decl. int.
Comm. zool. Nomencl. 10, pp. 271-298). In these circumstances we can omit discus-
sion of the genera. Most of the species have already been dealt with, but on account
of the importance of this work, which has often been treated as if it were the first
contribution to our knowledge of the Mallophaga, we list all specific names which
are contained in the paper and are not nomina nuda.

Philopterus (Docophorus) ocellatus (p. 290)

This name is often attributed to Nitzsch, but Nitzsch himself credits it to Scopoli,
whose species has already been dealt with by us (Clay & Hopkins, 1951 : 8).

Philopterus (Docophorus) atratus (p. 290)

Besides a reference to Scopoli similar to that under ocellatus there is one to “ Pulex
Corvi, Redi Experim. t. xvi”; the host is given as Corvus frugilegus. We have
already dealt (Clay & Hopkins, 1950: 231) with Linné’s erroneous reference to
the same plate and the confusion it has caused. Nitzsch’s atratus is a perfectly
valid renaming of Redi’s species which previously had no valid name. The type of
atratus was one of Redi’s lost specimens so that we here erect a neotype.

Redi’s figure is more like the species from Corvus frugilegus than those from other
species of Corvus. P. atratus is distinguished by the anterior plate being elongated
with a strongly pigmented posterior point and central unpigmented area, by the
abdomen not having relatively large unpigmented areas round the spiracles, by
the fused tergal plate of IX—X of the female being uniformly pigmented, by the form
of the sternal plates of the male and the sclerites of the female genital region, and
by the male genitalia.

MALE AND FEMALE. General characters as shown in PI. V, figs. 3 and 5. Prothorax
with one long seta at each dorsal postero-lateral corner. Pterothorax with small
sternal plate and two groups of ventral setae varying in number, the anterior one
from 2-3 and the posterior from 3-5; one long and one spine-like seta on each
' postero-lateral margin and a number of long setae along the postero-dorsal margin
varying from 22-31. In both sexes the tergal plates of II-VIII and XI are separated
medially ; in the male the fused plate of IX—X may be either separated or joined,
in the female it is always joined (Text-fig. 51). Sterna of II-VI with small discrete
plates each side ; sternites of VII and posterior segments form the genital plate in
both sexes (Text-figs. 49 and 52). In one male the tergal plate of II is deformed
on one side and fused to the pterothorax. Genitalia of male as in Pl. V, fig. 4, and
Text-fig. 50.

et we

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 33

CHAETOTAXY OF THE ABDOMEN. The tergal setae form a continuous line across
the segment, but the outer one on each side can be considered as the post-spiracular
seta as on segments II-V it is associated with a sensillus (Clay, 1954) ; in the counts
given below the post-spiracular setae are included with the rest of the tergal setae.
The pleural setae as given here include all the lateral setae and those on the ventral

Fics. 49-54. 49-52. Philopierus atratus Nitzsch. 49. Male genital plate. 50. Distal
part of male genitalia, mesosome has 6 lateral setae each side, 3 ventral and 3 dorsal.
51-52. Terminal segments of female abdomen. 51. Dorsal. 52. Ventral. 53-54.
Prosternal plate and chaetotaxy of two males of Dennyus hirundinis (Linn.).

surface lateral to the sternal plates. The first apparent segment (referred to as
II) has two long dorsal setae anterior to the row of marginal setae. The following
variation was found in the setae of five males and five females: Males, tergal setae :
II, 18-26; III, 18-27; IV, 25-32; V, 24-30; VI, 22-28; VII, 17-24; VIII,
13-16; X, 2 +2 (one specimen with 2 + 1); terminal. margin of last segment,
ENTOM. 9, I 3

34 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

g-14. Sternal setae: II, 12-14; III, 12-15; IV, 11-14; V, 11-14; VI, 9-12;
VII, 3; VIII,1 +1; XI,1-+ 1. Pleural setae (one side only given): II, 0; III,
1; IV-VI, 5-8; VII, 3-5; VIII, 3-4; IX, 1-2. Females, tergal setae: II, 21-24 ;
III, 25-31; IV, 24-30; V, 25-32; VI, 24-28; VII, 20-24 (1 specimen with 16
due to a natural gap in the line of setae on one side); VIII, 14-18; X, 2+ 2.
Sternal setae: II, 11-14; III, 12-14; IV, 10-16: V, 10-13; VI, 9-12. Pleural
setae: II, 0; III, r (rt specimen with 2 on one side) ; IV-V, 6-8; VI, 5-7; VII, ©
3-4; VIII, 4; IX,2; X,1; XI, 3-6 long setae and 1 spine-like seta.

Measurements (of 10 males and 10 females) in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
ea omits re f— alten rae
Range Mean Range Mean
Head . : : ; 0+68-0-76 0:73 ; 0+63-0:70 0:66
Prothorax . : : _ _— ; 0°37-0°4I 0°39
Pterothorax . : : — — ? 0+54-0°58 0°55
Abdomen i , 0:90-1-16 0:99 ; 085-100 o-9gI
Total . , ; i I +98-2 +32 2+09 ‘ — —_
Genitalia ; - ‘ 0+ 48(1) —_— ; — —
Females
Head . ; , i 0+75-0°84 0°79 0+ 68-0°75 0°71
Prothorax —_ — 0+ 38-0°44 o°4I
Pterothorax . — — 0+55-0°62 0°59
Abdomen 0*97-1'29 1°18 0:88-1:06 0:96
Total . 2+08—2:°56 2°34 — _—
Genitalia — pore oom aid

Neotype male (Pl. V, fig. 3) and neallotype female (Pl. V, fig. 5) of Philopterus
atratus Nitzsch, 1818 in the British Museum (Natural History) Collection (slide
No. 652, Brit. Mus. 1958-149) from Corvus f. frugilegus Linn. from Badgeworth,
Gloucestershire, 23.vi.1957. Neoparatypes: 97 3, 113 2 from the same host form
from various localities in the British Isles, Italy and Hungary.

Philopterus (Docophorus) communis (p. 290)

A nomen novum for half a dozen names, most of them valid, including Pediculus
citrinellae Schrank, to which we have already restricted communis Nitzsch by select-
ing as neotype of this nominal species the neotype of Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank)
(see Clay & Hopkins, 1954 : 228).

The host-record is “‘ passerum Linn. fere omnium ”’, and it is specially to be noted
that Giebel’s apparent restriction of communis to the form found on Fringilla
linaria (Giebel, 1874: 85, pl. 11, fig. 13) cannot be accepted because this bird is
not among the hosts of the previously-described species mentioned under communis
Nitzsch 1818 and to which it owes all its validity.

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 35
Philopterus (Docophorus) leontodon (p. 290)

An entirely unnecessary nomen novum for “ Schrank Beitr. tab. V. f. 11’, ie.
Sturnidoecus sturni (Schrank). The neotypes for Schrank’s species (Clay & Hopkins,
1954 : 232) are automatically neotypes for Sturnidoecus leontodon (Nitzsch).

Philopterus (Docophorus) platyrhynchus (p. 290)

An unwanted nomen novum for Pediculus haematopus Scopoli. The host is Falco
palumbarius, the same host to which Scopoli himself restricted the name, and our
neotype (Clay & Hopkins, 1951 : 5) of Scopoli’s species is also the neotype of Craspe-
dorrhynchus platyrhynchus (Nitzsch).

Philopterus (Docophorus) excisus (p. 290)

A nomen novum for Pediculus hirundinis Schrank, 1803, and valid, hiruwndints
Schrank being preoccupied by Pediculus hirundinis Linn., 1763. But Nitzsch’s
host-record “‘ Hirundinis rip. et urbic.’’ cannot be accepted because the host is of
necessity that of Schrank’s material, which is ‘“‘ Rauchschwalbe”’ (= Delichon
urbica). We have already stated (p. 19) that Schrank’s description indicates
beyond doubt a Philopterus of the type which occurs on swallows.

Tandan (1955 : 421-425) has shown how the form from Delichon urbica differs
from that (P. excisus microsomaticus Tandan) from Hirundo rustica and given
figures of the head and anterior dorsal plate and measurements for the breadth of
head which will not be repeated here.

MALE. General characters as shown in PI. III, fig. 2 and with characters of head
and anterior plate as shown in Tandan, 1955, figs. 8b and 9d. Postantennal area
of the head with minute setae, irregular in number and position. Prothorax with
pronotum divided in the mid-line ; one elongated seta each side of posterior margin ;
prosternal plate as shown in Text-fig. 55. Pterothorax with pteronotum partially
divided into two; sternal plate not heavily sclerotized and usually with 2 meso-
and 3 metasternal setae, but there may be 3 meso- and 4 metasternal ; postero-
lateral corner with one medium and one spine-like seta each side and a row of long
setae of varying length and thickness along the posterior dorsal margin varying
in number from 16-20. Abdomen with tergal plates II-VIII and XI divided
medially ; the fused plate of IX-X may or may not be divided. Sterna of II-IV
with small discrete plates each side, V with a complete or nearly complete transverse
sclerite, VI with a complete transverse sclerite and sternites of VII to the end of
the abdomen forming the genital plate (Text-fig. 56). Male genitalia as shown in
Text-fig. 57.

FEMALE. Head as shown in Tandan, 1955, fig. 115. Thorax as in male with
number of setae on posterior margin varying from 17-22. Abdomen with tergal
plates II-VIII and XI divided medially, the fused plate on IX—X continuous across
the segment. Sterna of II-VI with small discrete plates each side, sternites of the
remaining segments as shown in Text-fig. 58.

36 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. In both sexes the tergal setae of II-VIII form a
continuous row of long setae across the segment, the outer ones of which are the
post-spiracular setae as on segments II-V ; these have a contiguous sensillus ; in
the counts given below the post-spiracular setae are included in the counts of the
rest of the tergal setae. Segment ITI has two long anterior setae in addition to the
row of submarginal setae. There is individual variation of both the tergal and sternal
setae; tergal setae: II, 16; III, 17; IV, 20; V,18; VI, 16; VII,14; VIII, 10;

Figs. 55-58. Philopterus excisus Nitzsch. 55. Prosternal plate and meso-metasternal
setae of male. 56. Posterior segments of male abdomen, ventral. 57. Distal part of
male genitalia, mesosome has 3 lateral setae each side, 2 ventral and 1 dorsal. 58. Geni-
tal region of female.

IX, 1 + 1. On some segments the sternal setae are continuous with the pleural
setae and the counts of the latter include all those lateral to the sternites. Sternal
setae: II, 12; III, 14; IV, 16; V-—VI, 10. In the females examined the range is
rather greater: II, 10-15; III, 13-20; IV, 14-19; V-VI, 10-16. Pleural setae
(one side only): II,o; III, 1; IV-V, 6-8; VI, 5-7; VII, 3-4; VIII, 2;
IX, 1. Setae of last segments as in Text-figs. 56 and 58.

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 37

Measurements (of 10 males and to females) in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
a ste aay rae
Range Mean Range Mean
Head . ‘ - : 0*45-0°49* 0°47 0+40-0°43 0+42
Prothorax . : ‘ — — , 0-25-0:28 0-26
Pterothorax ‘ F — — 0+36-0°40 0-38
Abdomen . . ‘ 0*57-0°68 0:61 ; 0*57-0°61 0-60
Total . ; : ‘ 1+22-1°44 1°35 : — —
Genitalia . ; : 0+25(I) — E —_ —
Female
Head . : ; ; 0*49-0°55* oO-51 0+43-0°48 0°45
Prothorax A —_ — 0:26-0:29 0:28
Pterothorax : . — — 0*39-0°47 0+ 42
Abdomen .. ; F 0+*74-0°90 0-81 : 0-67-0°74 0:69
Total . ; : : 1°57-1-70 1°63 4 — —
Genitalia e : ; a — a — —

* Taken from the highest part of hyaline margin to middle of occipital margin.

Neotype male (PI. III, fig. 2) of Philopterus excisus Nitzsch, 1818 in the British
Museum (Natural History) Collection (slide No. 651) from Delichon urbica (Linn.)
from Glen Clova, Scotland, collected by G. B. Corbet, 13.vi.1956. Neoparatypes :
27 3, 332 from the same host form from the British Isles, France, Sweden and
Morocco.

Philopterus (Docophorus) icterodes (p. 290)

A valid nomen novum for “ Degeer vii. t. 4. f. 14’, since de Geer’s name Ricinus
mergi-serratt has been restricted (Clay & Hopkins, 1954: 240) to the Anaticola
shown on fig. 13 of the same plate. De Geer’s fig. 14 represents an Anatoecus.
Nitzsch’s host-record is ‘‘ Mergorum et Anat.’’, for which must be substituted
Mergus serrator, since the host is of necessity that from which de Geer’s material
came. The fact that Nitzsch apparently had no material from this host (see Giebel,
1874 : 115) is completely irrelevant.

As previously shown under Anatoecus dentatus (in Clay & Hopkins, 1951 : 16)
all the European ducks examined have two species (if this does not prove to be a
case of dimorphism) of Anatoecus, one with the “ effractor”’ in the male genitalia,
the other without. As it is impossible to tell from the earlier descriptions to which
group a name refers, it is necessary to fix the names arbitrarily for the two types.
This has been done by designating as neotype for A. dentatus (Scopoli) a specimen
with the “effractor”’ (see Clay & Hopkins, 1951: 17 and 1958 : 268), and here a
male without the “‘effractor”’ will be designated as neotype of icterodes ; each
neotype is from the type host of the nominal species. As in the case of dentatus
no female neallotype nor female neoparatypes will be designated as a revision of
Anatoecus is required for the certain assignment of the females to the different
species of males,

38 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

Mae. General characters as shown in PI. II, fig. 3. General characters and dorsal
chaetotaxy of head as in Cummings’ figure of icterodes (not from type host) (1916:
654, fig. 7B). Prothorax with 1 spine-like and 1 long seta at each postero-lateral
corner. Pterothorax with one lateral spine-like seta each side and 6 + 6 long setae
along the dorso-posterior margin; and 2 pairs of central ventral setae. Tergum
of pterothorax divided longitudinally into two. Abdominal tergites of II-VIII
divided medially ; fused tergite of IX—X greatly narrowed and continuous across the
segment. Except for the genital plate (Text-fig. 59) the sternum has no apparent
plates but has horizontal lines of sculpture; anteriorly the genital plate shows

61

Fics. 59-61. Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch), male. 59. Terminal segments of abdomen.
60. Genitalia. 61. Distal part of genitalia, enlarged.

some variation. Pleurites II-VII each with a backwardly directed ventral point,
some of which overlap the next segment. Genitalia as shown in Text-figs. 60-61.

CHAETOTAXY OF THE ABDOMEN. Tergal setae: II, 1 long and 1 medium central
setae each side; III-V, 1 lateral spine-like seta each side (probably the post-
spiracular setae but no sensilli can be seen in the available material) and 1 + 1 long
central setae ; VI-VII, 1 long lateral seta each side with adjacent spine-like seta,
1 +1 long central setae; VIII, 1 long lateral seta with adjacent spine-like seta
and 1 long seta each side, 1 + 1 medium central setae; X, 2 + 2or1-+ 2. Pleural
setae (only one side given) : II-III, 0; IV—V, 2 spine-like setae ; VI-VIII, 1 long,
I medium. Sternal setae: II-V, 1 +1 minute spine-like setae. For chaetotaxy

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 39

of terminal segments see Text-fig. 59. Most of the above characters are also found
in the dentatus group and cannot be used to distinguish the two species; these
are apparently separable only on the characters of the male genitalia.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
Head. ‘ ‘ 0°43 ; 0+40
Prothorax : : — ; 0°27
Pterothorax . : — _ 0°35
Abdomen é ‘ 0-59 : 0-61
Total. ‘ . I-29 : —
Genitalia : : 0°40 . _

Measurements in mm. of heads of 10 specimens

Individual No. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Total length in midline . 0-43 . O-4I . 0°44 . 0°43 . 0°43 . 0°43 . 0°45 . 0°43 . 0°46
Length of hyaline mar- . 0:13 . 0°12 . 0°14 . 0°13 . 0°13 . O°12 . O'15 . O'13 . 0°16

gin
Breadth at temples » 0°40! .. 0°30. 5 O41 .. O°4T 20°40 . 040... 0°41". (0°40. OF “41
Breadth at base of hya- . 0°22 . 0°21 . 0°23 . 0°23 . 0°23 . 0°22 . 0°23 . 0°23 . 0°23

line margin

Neotype male (Pl. II, fig. 3) of Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch, 1818) in the British
Museum (Natural History) Collection (slide No. 20221a, Meinertzhagen Collection)
from Mergus serrator Linn., from South Uist, British Isles. Neoparatypes: 9 3
from the same host species from S. Uist and Hampshire, British Isles.

Philopterus (Nirmus) attenuatus (p. 291)

There is a reference to “‘ Ped. Ortygometrae ? Schrank Ins. Austr.”, but the
presence of the query renders attenuatus still a nomen nudum. The name was first
published with a description by Burmeister, 1838 but is a synonym of Rallicola
ortygometrae (Schrank) (see Clay & Hopkins, 1954 : 257).

Philopterus (Nirmus) minutus (p. 291)

The case of this name has already been dealt with by one of us (Hopkins, 1940 :
423) who regards it as a nomen nudum. The name is valid from 1866, when Giebel
published Nitzsch’s description of Rallicola minutus (Nitzsch).

Philopterus (Lipeurus) versicolor (p. 292)

An unwanted nomen novum for Pediculus ciconiae Linn., so our neotype (1950 : 253)
for the latter is also the neotype of Ardeicola versicolor (Nitzsch).

40 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

Philopterus (Lipeurus) luridus (p. 292)

A nomen novum for “‘ Redi Experiment. tab. IV. Fig. 2’’, and valid because the
insect depicted (a Fulicoffula) had not previously been named. Nitzsch’s host-
record is ‘‘ Fulicae chloropod.”’, but the host must be that of Redi’s material, which

is Fulica a. atra.
mee | - LY

Fics. 62-66. Fulicoffula lurida (Nitzsch), male. 62. Outline of head and dorsal chaeto-
taxy (one side only). 63. Antenna. 64-65. Terminal segments of abdomen. 64. Dorsal
65. Ventral. 66. Genitalia (R. S. Pitcher del.).

Mare. General characters as shown in Pl. VI, fig. 1. Antenna as shown in
Text-fig. 63, and anterior dorsal plate and dorsal chaetotaxy as in Text-fig. 62 ;
there are usually two long setae set close together in the centre of the post-antennal
region, but in the neotype there is only one. Prothorax dorsally with one short seta
on each postero-lateral corner and two longer ones on the posterior margin; 2
minute setae on the dorsal surface just anterior to the mid line. Pterothorax with

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 41

2 minute setae on the anterior dorsal surface ; posteriorly there is a lateral seta of
medium length each side, a spine-like seta on each postero-lateral corner and sub-
marginally on the lateral end of the posterior margin each side a seta of medium
length followed by a group of 3 long stout setae. Tergum of pterothorax posteriorly
partly divided along the middle line ; meso-metasternal plate and chaetotaxy as
shown in Text-fig. 67. Abdomen with tergal plate of II (fused I and II) produced
anteriorly into the pterothorax as a rounded projection ; tergal plates II—-X entire
across the segments. Segments IX—XI fused, but there is a sign of a division between

67

71

70

68

Fics. 67-71. Fulicoffula lurida. 67. Meso-metasternal plate and first apparent abdomi-
nal sternum, male. 68-69. Terminal segment of female abdomen. 68. Dorsal. 69.
Ventral. 70. Edge of vulva enlarged. 71. Region x of Fig. 69 enlarged.

the tergites of X and XI (Text-fig. 64). Pleurites narrow with well developed
re-entrant heads on segments III-V. Sternite II as in Text-fig. 67 ; II-VII median
quadrilateral plates, those of VIII and posteriorly to the genital opening form the
genital plate (Text-fig. 65). Genitalia as shown in Text-fig. 66, structure X has
a toothed edge not apparent in the figure.

FEMALE. General characters as shown in PI. VI, fig. 2. Antennae simple. Dorsal

42 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

anterior plate as in male; the two long setae found on the dorsal surface of the
centre of the post-antennal area of the male are absent and all the dorsal setae
(omitting the marginal and sub-marginal) with the exception of the one opposite
the base of the antenna are minute or shorter than in the male. Thorax and tergite
of II as in male but the two setae on the dorsal posterior margin of the prothorax
are shorter. Tergal plates II-X entire across the segment but those on III-V have
a thinner area centrally giving the impression in some specimens that the plates
are divided. The postero-lateral corners of segment X are prolonged posteriorly
and the distally free ends partly enclose segment XI (Text-fig. 69); part of this
projection is hyaline (Text-fig. 71) and may be bent back or non-apparent giving
it a pointed appearance. Pleurites and sternites II-VII as in male. Genital region
as in Text-figs. 69-71.

CHAETOTAXY OF THE ABDOMEN. Male. There are no post-spiracular setae but
on segments II—V there is what appears to be the lateral sensillus each side. Tergo-
central setae: II, 2 anterior setae of medium length and 2 anterior sensilli! and 2
central submarginal setae of medium length; IJI-VIII, 2 central submarginal
setae of medium length, not placed so closely to each other as those on segment
II; [X—XI as in Text fig. 64. Pleural setae (one side only): II, x (short); IZI-IV, 2
(short on III, of medium length on IV) ; V, 1 long and 1 of medium length ; VI-—VII,
I (long) and 2 (medium); VIII, 1 (long), 2 (medium), 1 short; IX, 2 medium, 1

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
Pry * am, | tz im nies |

Range* Mean Range* Mean
Head . ; ; 0-60 0°55-0°59T O°57T 0°35-0°40 0°37
Prothorax . ; — — _— 0-28 —_
Pterothorax ‘ = ae see 0°33 ‘a
Abdomen . : 1.47 — — 0°41 —_—
Total . ; F 2+64 — — — —
Genitalia i b — 0+ 36-0-38 — — —

Female
Head . ‘ , 0:61 0:59-0'64¢ oO-61f | 0:38-0-4I1 0*39
Prothorax . ; a — — 0:*29 _
Pterothorax ; — — — 0*34 —
Abdomen. : 1°87 — — 0°55 —
Total ‘ ‘ 3°03 — — — a
Genitalia ; . —- — cao -—- nn

* Range and mean for length and breadth of head of 10 specimens, of length of genitalia of 2 specimens ;
remaining measurements of one specimen.

t As hyaline margin may be distorted, length of head in range taken from anterior margin of anterior
plate.

1 The circular clear areas in the tergites and sternites are here referred to as sensilli, although their
true function is unknown.

a

ili

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 43

short, this short seta may be found submarginally on the dorsal surface as in Text-
fig. 64; X, 2 medium. Sternal setae II, 2 short submarginal and 2 sensilli near
anterior margin of sternite (Text-fig. 67); III-VI, 2 short submarginal and two
sensilli (which may be absent on VI) a short way anterior to the setae; VII-XI
as in Text-fig. 65. In the female the tergal setae of II—X are as in the male except
that the anterior setae of II are minute and the posterior setae are not placed so
near each other. Pleural setae II-VIII and sternal setae II-VI as in male except
the sternal setae of II-III are longer than in the male. Chaetotaxy of terminal
segments as in Text-figs. 68-69.

Neotype male (Pl. VI, fig. 1) and neallotype female (Pl. VI, fig. 2) of Fulicoffula
lurida (Nitzsch, 1818) in the Meinertzhagen Collection, British Museum (Natural
History), slide No. 4939a from Fulica a. atra Linn. from Suffolk, England, August
1936. Neoparatypes: 62 3, 619 from the same host form from various localities
in the British Isles, Morocco, Israel and Manipur (India).

Philopterus (Lipeurus) squalidus (p. 292)

A nomen novum for Pediculus anatis J. C. Fabricius. We have already (1954:
255) erected a neotype for Fabricius’ species (which is a synonym of A. crassicornis
(Scopoli)) and therefore for Anaticola squalidus (Nitzsch).

Philopterus (Lipeurus) temporalis (p. 292)

A nomen novum for “ Ricinus Mergi, Degeer VII. tab. IV, Fig. 13’ and therefore
an objective synonym of Anaticola mergiserrati (de Geer). Nitzsch’s host-record
is ‘“ Mergorum ”’, but the host is Mergus serrator and the neotype (see Clay & Hopkins,
1954: 240) of Anaticola mergiserrati (de Geer) is also the neotype of Anaticola
temporalis (Nitzsch).

Philopterus (Lipeurus) jejunus (p. 292)

An unwanted nomen novum for Pediculus anseris Linn. as restricted by Fabricius,
so our neotype (1950 : 239) of Linné’s species is also the neotype of Anaticola jejunus
(Nitzsch).

Philopterus (Lipeurus) ebraeus (p. 293)

A nomen novum for the insect depicted on Redi’s plate 3 and therefore an objective
synonym of Esthiopterum gruis (Linn.), which is based on the same figure. Our
neotype (1950 : 250) of E. gruis (Linn.) is necessarily also the neotype of Esthiopterum
ebraeus (Nitzsch).

Philopterus (Lipeurus) baculus (p. 293)

A nomen novum for “ Redi Experim. t. II, Fig. super’ (the figure on which
Columbicola columbae (Linn.) is also based) and for ‘‘ Ped. Columbae Panz. Faun.
Ins. Germ. 51. 22”’. Lest Panzer’s species (stated to be from Columba oenas, but
this is only a quotation from Linné) should be different from that of Linné, we find

44 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

it necessary to erect a neotype restricting the name to the species found on Columba
livia domestica. Nitzsch’s host-record is ‘‘ Columbarum plur ’’, and it is to be particu-
larly noted that Colwmbicola baculus (Burmeister, 1838) is from a different host
(Columba (now Streptopelia) turtur) and is probably distinct, though the name is of
course preoccupied.

Neotype of Columbicola baculus (Nitzsch) the male neotype specimen of Columbicola
columbae (Linn.) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1950. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.)
Entom., I : 265.

Philopterus (Goniodes) falcicornis (p. 293)

A nomen novum for “ Pedic. Pavonis, Linn. Fabr.”’, for ‘‘ Redi Exper. tab. XIV.
(mas) ’’, and for “‘ Panzer Faun. Ins. Germ. 51.t.19 (fem.)”’. Although these are
all one species, we think it desirable to designate as neotype of Goniodes falcicornis
(Nitzsch) the neotype erected for G. pavonis (Linn.) by Clay (1940: 7).

Philopterus (Goniodes) stylifer (p. 294)

A nomen novum for Pediculus meleagridis Schrank 1781. The latter author (1781,
p. 504, pl. 1, fig. 4) doubted if his species was the same as that of Linné, and although
his doubts were quite groundless we feel compelled by them to erect a neotype.

Neotype of Pediculus meleagridis Schrank, 1781 and therefore of Chelopistes
stylifer (Nitzsch, 1818) the male neotype specimen designated by Clay, 1941 : 124
for Chelopistes meleagridis (Linn., 1758).

Philopterus (Goniodes) hologaster (p. 294)

A nomen novum for Ricinus gallinae de Geer. The neotype we erected for the latter
(1954 : 242) is automatically the neotype for Goniocotes hologaster (Nitzsch).

Trichodectes crassus (p. 295)

A nomen novum for Pediculus melis J. C. Fabricius, so the lectotype of the latter
(p. 21) is also the lectotype of T. crassus Nitzsch.

Trichodectes latus (p. 296)

A nomen novum for Ricinus canis de Geer. Our neotype of the latter (1954 : 245)
is automatically the neotype of T. Jatus also.

Trichodectes subrostratus (p. 296)

The only remarks under this species are the host-reference and “ An huc Ped.
canis, Oth. Fabric. Faun. Grénl. p. 215 ?”’ The name is a nomen nudum and Nitzsch’s
doubts were fully justified, for the subsequent description of Nitzsch’s material
showed that Felicola subrostratus (Burmeister, 1838) is not the same as Fabricius’
species.

TN

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 45

Trichodectes dubius (p. 296)

The neotype of Pediculus mustelae Schrank (p. I1) is automatically the neotype
of Trichodectes dubius Nitzsch, which is a nomen novum for Schrank’s species.

Trichodectes sphaerocephalus (p. 296)

A nomen novum for ‘“ Ped. Ovis, Linn. Fabric.’’, “Schrank Ins. Austr. p. 502,
tab. I, Fig. 8-9.” and “ Redi exp. t. XXII. Fig. sinistra.’”’ Pediculus ovis Linn.
is a nomen nudum, P. ovis Fabricius does not exist, and the species depicted by
Schrank and Redi are the same. We have already shown (Clay & Hopkins, 1954 :
255) that our neotype of Damalinia ovis (Schrank) is automatically neotype of
Damalinia sphaerocephalus (Nitzsch, 1818). Incidentally the name (if referring
to a species distinct from ovis) would in any case be invalid as it had already been
used by von Olfers.

Trichodectes scalaris (p. 296)

A nomen novum for Pediculus bovis Linn. Our neotype of the latter is automatically
neotype of Damalinia scalaris (Nitzsch).

Trichodectes longicornis (p. 296)

A valid nomen novum for the species depicted by Redi on plate 23, lower figure,
since Pediculus cervt Linn., which was partly based on the same plate, has long been
restricted to a Hippoboscid (see Clay & Hopkins, 1950 : 227). Nitzsch’s host-record
is ‘“Cervi Elaphi”’, which can be accepted as a restriction of Redi’s less-definite
“Cervo”’. The types, however, are not in Nitzsch’s collection because they are
Redi’s lost specimens, but as Kéler’s excellent figures (1958, fig. 39) of this species
were drawn from a specimen in the Nitzsch collection it seems more satisfactory to
designate this specimen as neotype than one not seen by Dr. von Kéler.

Neotype female of Damalinia longicornis (Nitzsch) the specimen on slide No. 41
marked “ type’”’ by Dr. von Kéler, in the Zoologisches Institut, Halle.

Liotheum (Colpocephalum) ochraceum (p. 299)

A nomen novum for ‘“‘ Pulex avis pluvialis Redi exp. fig. sup.”’, and valid because
we have restricted (1950 : 254) Pediculus charadriit Linn. to another of the species
shown on Redi’s plate 11. The species drawn by Redi fits Nitzsch’s definition of
Colpocephalum, but his host-record “‘ Charadrii Vanelli et a/.” cannot be accepted
because the host is of necessity that of Redi’s material, which we have defined
(1950 : 255) as Charadrius apricarius oreophilus. Redi’s figure can be assumed to
represent the Actornithophilus parasitic on this host.

A neotype will be designated for this species in the publication mentioned under
Actornithophilus totant (p. 18 above).

46 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

Liotheum (Menopon) pallidum (p. 299)

A nomen novum for “ Pulex Capi Red. exp. XVII ” (sic, actually XVI) and “ Ped.
gallinae Panz. Faun. Ins. Germ. 51.f.21”’. The host-record is “ Galli gallinacei
et aliar. gallin.”’, for which must be read Gallus domesticus, since this is the host of
the species of Redi and Panzer.

Although the species of these two authors are the same and are also the same as
Pediculus gallinae Linn., the fact that Nitzsch does not mention Linné’s species
forces us to erect a neotype.

t be
“. Pe

NY
t -_—
Mi ee Ts
Ss.
re
A
cS
‘\
it \
x
SK AS

72

Fic. 72. Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch), male (Arthur Smith del.)

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 47

Neotype of Menopon pallidum (Nitzsch, 1818) the male neotype specimen of
Menopon gallinae (Linn.) designated by Clay & Hopkins, 1950 : 262.

Liotheum (Menopon) stramineum (p. 300)
A nomen novum for “‘ Ped. Meleagridis Panz. Faun. Ins. Germ. 51.f.20’’. Since
Panzer’s species is not Pediculus meleagridis Linn., Nitzsch’s name is valid and neces-
sary. The host of Panzer’s material is Meleagris gallopavo (domestic) and his figure

74

73

Fics. 73-74. Menacanthus stramineus. 73. Male genitalia. 74. Terminal segments of
female abdomen.

is fairly good. This species (Text-figs. 72-74) which presumably originated from the
turkey as it is found on wild turkeys, is now widespread on the domestic chicken.
It is a distinctive species due to its size and the characters of the male genitalia
and has been made the type of the monotypic genus Eomenacanthus ; however as
shown by Hopkins & Clay (1955 : 180) the Menacanthus-Amyrsidea group of species
found on the Galliformes is not easily divisible into natural groups and it seems,
until a full revision of these species has been undertaken, that it is more satisfactory
to leave them in their original larger groupings although these may prove to be
polyphyletic.

48 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

Measurements in mm.
Male Female

secnnn icra a. “seme aectiesiae
Length Breadth Length Breadth

Head , ; 0°39 0°73 ‘ 0*43 0'72
Prothorax ; — 0°57 : — 0°56
Pterothorax . — 0*63 : _— 0*70
Abdomen. ‘ 2°O1 0'93 : 2+07 1-08
Total ; ; 2°97 — : 3°10 —
Genitalia . , 0:84 _— : _— —_

Neotype male of Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) in the British Museum
(Natural History) collection (slide No. 646) from Meleagris gallopavo (domestic)
from Windermere, England. Neoparatypes: 9 g, 11 2 from wild Meleagris gallopavo
from various localities; 63 3, 882 from Gallus domesticus from various localities
in the British Isles, Africa and Australia.

Liotheum (Menopon) cucullare (p. 300)

A nomen novum for “‘ Pulex Sturni candidi Red. exp. t. XVII. (mas) ’”’. The name
is valid, since Redi’s species had not previously been validly named. Redi’s plate
depicts a Myrsidea and subsequent description of Nitzsch’s specimens shows that
they, also, belonged to this genus. The host of Redi’s specimen was presumably
an albino Sturnus vulgaris and Nitzsch’s use of this species as the host can be accepted.
A quick survey of Myrsidea species from some of the Passeres shows that the most
obvious characters of the species, that is the modifications of the metathorax and
anterior terga of the abdomen in the females, are variable within groups of species
from related hosts and probably of little phylogenetic importance and not, therefore,
good characters on which to subdivide the genus Myrsidea. In the species of Myrsidea
from the Sturnidae, for instance, the metathorax may be unmodified (cucullaris)
or greatly produced posteriorly (pungens and buxtont) ; the first abdominal notum
may be unmodified (imvadens!) or enlarged and pointed posteriorly (cucullaris),
reduced in size (tervaokai), or apparently absent (buxtont) ; the notum of segment II
may be unmodified (undescribed species) or modified in various ways (usually
being narrowed centrally) or it may be reduced to a small triangular sclerite each
side of the prolongation of the metathorax (buxtoni). No characters have yet been
found which are common to all the species of groups found on related hosts, such
as the Sturnidae, Corvidae and others, but the number of setae on the posterior
margin of the prothorax, number of setae on the metasternal plate, and the relative
length and thickness of the post-spiracular setae of the males are useful characters.
For instance, in the species from the Sturnidae there are 6 setae on the posterior
margin of the prothorax, 6 (rarely 7-9) setae on the metasternal plate and the post-

11t has been assumed that specimens from Acridotheres tristis are Myrsidea invadens (Kellogg &
Chapman, 1902) although the original figure does not show the backward prolongation of terga II and III.
These terga are difficult to see in mounted specimens and it is possible that the segmental lines shown
in the figure are those of the sternites, which are darker in colour and show through the specimen. The
only clue indicating that this figure represents the usual species from Acridotheres tristis is that a few

setae are shown in the middle of what appears to be segment III and these probably represent the
marginal setae of the backwardly produced tergum of ITI.

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 49

spiracular setae of segments III, V and VI in the male are shorter and finer than
those on the remaining segments with the exception of I in some species. While
the majority of species from the Corvidae have more than 6 marginal prothoracic
setae, 8 or more metasternal setae and the post-spiracular setae on III are as long
as those on II, there are exceptions to this. Within the group of described

75
Fic. 75. Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch), female (Arthur Smith del.).

species from the Sturnidae, cucullaris is distinguished in both sexes by the reduction
of the hypopharyngeal sclerites, that is of the lingual and sitaphore sclerites, and
of the epipharyngeal crest or “ pestle” (see Clay, 1959), by the lengths of some of
the head setae and by the long dorsal seta each side of the prothorax ; in the female
by the characters of the metathorax and terga of segments I-IV of the abdomen ;
in the male by the dorsal chaetotaxy of the abdomen and the sclerite of the genital
sac. This last structure shows the most useful characters for the separation of males
ENTOM. 9, I 4

50 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

in Myrsidea, but is unfortunately rarely included in figures of the genitalia, which
without it show little or no specific difference ; it is quite useless to base descriptions
of new species of Myrsidea on males only, if this character is not shown.

FEMALE. As shown in Text-fig. 75. There is some variation (4-5, rarely 3, each
side) in the number of shorter setae on the gular plate ; the metasternal plate has
6, rarely 7, setae ; there are 3-4 stout spine-like setae at each postero-lateral corner
of the metathorax, and on the posterior margin of the metatergum there are a long
stout seta at each corner and 12-20 shorter marginal setae; the longer setae in
the middle of the second abdominal sternum vary from 7-13 and the marginal
setae of this sternum from 16-21, there are 4 stout spine-like setae at each corner,
rarely 5 on one side (in related species rarely 3 on one side), in one specimen one of
the spines is bifid; the rest of the abdominal chaetotaxy shows a certain amount
of variation in numbers except for the number of dorsal setae (in some cases a
diagnostic specific character) of tergum VIII which comprise a post-spiracular
seta and spine-like seta each side and 4 longer setae in the centre of the posterior
margins

MALE. General characters as shown in PI. V, fig. 1. The shorter setae of the gular
plate are usually 4 each side, rarely 3 or 5 ; metasternal plate has 6 setae rarely 5 ;
the stout spine-like setae at the lateral corners of the metathorax number 2-3,
rarely 4, and the posterior setae of the metatergum comprise one long stout seta
at each postero-lateral corner and 5-10 shorter marginal setae. Post-spiracular
setae of II, IV, VII and VIII long and stout, those of III, V, VI shorter and finer,
those of I intermediate in length and stoutness. In addition to the post-spiracular
setae tergum I has from 8-10 marginal setae; terga IJ-VIII have a lateral spine-
like seta near the post-spiracular seta each side and in addition to these the following
marginal setae: II-V, 8-12; VI, 6-10; VII, 4-6; on segments V—VII one or
more of the outer setae each side may be spine-like. The chaetotaxy of VIII is
characteristic (Text-fig. 76) and can be used to separate cucullaris from some other
species. The longer setae in the middle of the second abdominal sternum vary from
4-11 and the marginal setae of this tergum from 12-17: chaetotaxy of sterna
III-VI with some variation but lateral setae of III-IV fewer than in female and
segments IV—VI with o-3 central submarginal setae; setae of posterior segments
as in Text-fig. 76. Pleurites with marginal row of spine-like setae as in female. Geni-
talia with general characters as typical for Myrsidea ; sclerite of genital sac diagnostic
(Pl. V, fig. 2).

Measurements of neotypes in mm.

Male Female

'% mane a) c ten 7

Length Breadth Length Breadth
Head : ‘ +30 0-46 ; 0+31 0*49
Prothorax : — 0:30 ; — 0°33
Metathorax . — 0*42 : — 0°57
Abdomen : 0°84 0°54 ‘ I*II 0°76
Total : 3 1°49 — : 1°87 —
Genitalia* . 0°47 — — ~—

* Not neallotype.

4

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 51

Neotype female (Text-fig. 75), slide No. 647, and neallotype male (Pl. V, fig. 1),
slide No. 648, of Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch, 1818) in the British Museum (Natural
History) from Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Linn. from Romford, Essex. Neoparatypes :
54 6, 58 2 from Sturnus vulgaris from various localities in the British Isles, Italy,
Switzerland, Estonia and Sweden.

Liotheum (Menopon) mesoleucum (p. 300)

A nomen novum for “ Ricinus Cornicis Deg. VII.t.IV.f.11 (pupa.).” Ricinus
cornicis de Geer 1778, which is a Myrsidea, is not preoccupied by Pediculus cornicis
J. C. Fabricius 1775, which is a Philopterus, so Nitzsch’s name falls into synonymy.
The neotype we erected (1954 : 239) for Myrsidea cornicis (de Geer) is necessarily
the neotype of Myrsidea mesoleuca (Nitzsch).

Liotheum (Menopon) minutum (p. 300)

An unnecessary nomen novum for Pediculus curuccae Schrank. Nitzsch’s host-
record is “‘ passerum Linn. plur.’’, for which must be substituted Sylvia curucca,
the host of Schrank’s material. This is important, because Giebel (1874 : 286,
pl. 15, f. 2) attempted to restrict the name to the form found on Parus major ;
the latter form, if distinct, will require renaming. No specimens of Menacanthus
have been seen from Sylvia curucca so that it has not been possible to erect a neotype
for Menacanthus curuccae (Schrank).

Liotheum (Menopon) phanerostigmaton (p. 300)

An unnecessary nomen novum for Pediculus fasciatus Scopoli. Nitzsch’s material,
like Scopoli’s, was from Cuculus c. canorus, and our neotype (1951 : 13) of Cuculiphilus
fasciatus (Scopoli) is also the neotype of C. phanerostigmaton (Nitzsch).

Liotheum (Trinoton) conspurcatum (p. 300)

A nomen novum for Pediculus anseris Sulzer, 1776 (Abgektirzten Geschichte der
Insekten, pl. 29, fig. 4) nec Pediculus anseris Linn., 1758. Nitzsch gives the host-
record “‘ Anseris cinerei et Cygni olor’’, but the host must of necessity be that of
Sulzer’s material, which is ‘‘ Gans’, by which Anser anser domestica is doubtless
meant. Sulzer’s figure certainly represents a Trinoton.

This name furnishes an unusually good example of the reason why we would
have found it necessary to designate neotypes for the species of which the names
published in Nitzsch’s 1818 paper are not nomina nuda even if his collection had not
been almost completely destroyed. As originally published, Tvinoton conspurcatum
(Nitzsch) was a mixture of a new name for the species depicted by Sulzer and a
nomen nudum representing Nitzsch’s undescribed material from Cygnus olor, and

1 All the names of insects in the text of this work are vernacular but both Latin and vernacular names
are used in the legends of the plates. The description (p. 241) is practically valueless and Nitzsch did

not refer to it, but the vernacular name “‘ Ganslaus ” used both here and in the plate-legend furnishes
the only host-record.

ENTOM. 9, I 4§

52 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

the name must necessarily be restricted to the former as the only described element.
But Piaget (1880, p. 588, pl. 44, fig. 2) used the name conspurcatum for the form
found on swans and renamed the form from the domestic goose as Tvinoton continuum
(/.c., p. 591) ; some authors might erroneously regard Piaget’s action as a valid
restriction of Nitzsch’s name.

Since Tvinoton anserinum (J. C. Fabricius) is a senior synonym of T. conspurcatum
(Nitzsch, 1818), we designate as neotype of the latter nominal species the lectotype
of Tvinoton anserinum (J. C. Fabricius, 1805).

Trinoton lituratum (p. 300)

“ Hue forte Ric. Lari Deg. VII, t. IV, f.12.”” A doubtful reference like this does
not redeem lituratum from being a nomen nudum.

Liotheum (Laemobothrion) giganteum (p. 301)

A nomen novum for Pediculus maximus Scopoli, P. buteonis “ Linn. Fabric.”’,
and Pediculus circt Geoffroy. There is no such name as Pediculus buteonis Linn.,
and P. buteonis Fabricius is an unwanted nomen novum for P. maximus Scopoli ;
Geoffroy’s nomenclature is not binominal, but his descriptive phrase was shortened
to available form by Fourcroy in 1785 (see part 3 : 258) and the correct name of
the species Geoffroy described is Laemobothrion circi (Fourcroy). Laemobothrion
giganteum (Nitzsch) as described in 1818, therefore, is a composite of L. maximum
(Scopoli) and L. civct (Fourcroy) and we hereby restrict the name to the latter of
these two elements.

Giebel’s redescription of giganteum is from material, obtained from a “‘ Steinadler ”’
(Aquila chrysaetos), which was probably not conspecific either with L. circi or
L. maximum, while it is obvious that this is so in the case of specimens subsequently
wrongly regarded as type-material of giganteum by von Kéler (1937 : 322) as he
considered these to be L. tinnunculi. In any case it cannot be too strongly emphasized
that the types of the nomina nova proposed by Nitzsch in 1818 are not any specimens
in Nitzsch’s collection (now almost wholly destroyed), but the lost types of the
earlier authors, and therefore the neotypes which we have erected to replace them.

Our restriction of the originally composite Laemobothrion giganteum (Nitzsch)
to the element the correct name of which is L. ciret (Fourcroy) automatically makes
the neotype we erected for the latter into the neotype of L. giganteuwm (Nitzsch)
also.

Liotheum (Laemobothrion) hasticeps (p. 302)

A nomen novum for “ Pedic. Tinnunculi Linn., Fabric.’’, ‘‘ Redi expt. t. XIII”
and ‘“‘ Panz. 51, 17.”

Redi’s figure is that on which Linné’s name was partly based and Panzer’s,
though independent, depicts the same species. We hereby restrict Nitzsch’s name
to Laemobothrion tinnuncult (Linné, 1758) and thus make the neotype we erected
for the latter (Clay & Hopkins, 1950 : 230) also the neotype of L. hasticeps (Nitzsch,
1818).

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 53

Liotheum (Laemobothrion) atrum (p. 302)

A valid nomen novum for the species depicted on Redi’s pl. 4, fig. 1, which is the
Laemobothrion of the “folaga’’ (= Fulica a. atra) and which previously had no
valid name.

The species of Laemobothrion as listed in Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 182-186 resemble
each other in the formation of the head, in the presence of a row or rows of hyaline

pZ

ets

Fics. 76-78. 76. Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch), terminal segments of male abdomen.

77. Laemobothrion (Laemobothrion) percnopteri (Gervais), nymph. Part of transverse

section of head to show four rows of projections (p.) cut in various ways and passing

into sculpturing of ventral surface of head. e.—eye. 78. Laemobothrion (Eulaemo-
bothrion) atrum (Nitzsch). Hyaline projections from latero-ventral margin of head.

projections on the ventro-lateral margin of the temples (Text-figs. 77~78) and in
the general characters of the thorax and abdomen including the genital regions of
the abdomen in both sexes. All the species have a minute seta each side of the
anterior margin of at least two tergites (Text-figs. 84, s) and a patch of minute

54 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

comb-like structures, rather similar to those found in Microctenia, each side of sternite
V and sometimes on VI and on the venter of the 3rd femora. These species are
found on the bird orders Falconiformes, Ciconiiformes and Gruiformes (Rallidae,
Aramidae, Psophiidae) and fall into two groups: one on the Falconiformes (Laemo-
bothrion) and the other (Eulaemobothrion) on the rest of the bird groups. Eulaemo-
bothrion, which can usefully be recognized as a subgenus, is distinguished by the
presence of stout spine-like setae on the anterior margin of the head, the more
elongated points of the mandibles (sexually dimorphic in opisthocomi) and by the

ao

82 83

Fics. 79-83. 79-82. Outline of heads of Laemobothrion (Eulaemobothrion), drawn to
same scale. 79. L. gracile Giebel, Male. 80-81. L. opisthocomi Cummings, outline of
preantennal region. 80. Male. 81. Female. 82. L. cubense Kellogg & Ferris, male.
83. L. atrum Nitzsch. Male head, to show dorsal and ventral chaetotaxy ; setae of
antenna not shown.

presence of a semi-circular hyaline area (Text-fig. 85) which lies between two of the
abdominal sternites (probably II and III, unless it represents sternum II). This last
structure is not always easily seen in specimens mounted in canada balsam, although
the upper margin can usually be made out. There seems little advantage in recogniz-
ing the four genera into which Eulaemobothrion has been divided by Eichler (see
Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 182). A key to the species of Eulaemobothrion given below

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 55

excludes three: L. pallescens Kellogg, 1908 (nom. nov. for pallidum Piaget) and
L. emarginatum Piaget, both represented in the Piaget collection by nymphs, and
L. plegadilymanticum (Eichler, 1943) of which no specimens have been seen.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EULAEMOBOTHRION
1. Anterior margin of head with stout spine-like setae (Text-fig. 83) ; semi-circular

hyaline area between sternites II and III (Text-fig. 85) . : Eulaemobothrion 2

- Without above characters ‘ ; Laemobothrion
2. Abdominal segments I-VII or II-VII with minute anterior tergal setae (Text-fig.
84, s) : , ‘ ; -

- Abdominal segments I-II ‘with anterior tergal setae : . : ‘ ;

3. Anterior tergal setae on II-VII; 4-6 setae each side of gular plate . setigerum Piaget

- Anterior tergal setae on I-VII; 1 seta each side of gular plate. . kelloggi Bedford
4. Anterior margin of head narrowly emarginate (Text-figs. 80-81) ; lateral margins
of thorax with stout spine-like setae; anterior margin of head and mandibles

sexually dimorphic : ‘ F : : . opisthocomi Cummings

Without above combination of characters : : : : : : - 5

. Sitaphore sclerite and epipharyngeal “ pestle ’’ normal : ; ; , 6

— Sitaphore sclerite greatly reduced ; epipharyngeal “ pestle ’’ not apparent
chloropodis (Schrank) & atrum Nitzsch.
6. Forepart of head narrow and elongate (Text-fig. 82) . . cubense Kellogg & Ferris

- Forepart of head shorter and broader (Text-fig. 79) . ; ; ‘ gracile Giebel

The population from Fulica atra appears to be near that from Gallinula chloropus
sspp., but the available material (? = chloropodis Schrank, 1803) from the latter
host is scanty and in poor condition. Further specimens are required for a detailed
examination of the two populations, but if they do prove to be distinct it will not
be more than subspecifically.

MALE OF atrum. General characters as shown in Pl. VI, fig. 5. Chaetotaxy of
head as shown in Text-fig. 83 ; there are usually 3 + 3 of the stout spine-like setae
on the anterior margin, but occasionally there are two or four on one side ; there is
usually one seta each side of the gular plate, but one specimen has two on one side ;
there are other slight variations in length, number and position of some of the head
setae. Dorsal view of thorax as shown in Text-fig. 84; the number of setae on the
lateral projection of the prothorax varies from three to four. Sternal plates of thorax
as in Text-fig. 86; the long setae each side of the meso-metasternal plate may be
1 +1 or r + 2, and the setae at the posterior end of this plate two or three, one
sometimes. being longer than the others. Abdomen with tergal plates I-VIII
undivided, with lateral internal thickening and separated from the pleurites on
the lateral margin by a narrow suture ; tergal plate IX may be continuous across
the segment or divided medially. Sternal plates III-VI in the form of rectangular
sclerites separated from the pleurites; the semicircular hyaline area mentioned
above is shown in Text-fig. 85 ; sternite V with lateral area of comb-like structures
each side, a smaller area is found each side of VI and also one on the venter of the
third femur. Terminal segments as shown in Text-fig. 87. Genitalia as shown in
Text-figs. 89-91.

FEMALE. General characters as shown in Pl. VI, fig. 6. Chaetotaxy of head as
in male with some individual variation. Thorax as in male. Abdomen with tergal

56 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

plates I-VIII undivided ; sterna I-VI as in male, but there are no minute comb-like
structures on sternum VI. Terminal segments as shown in Text-figs. 92—94
CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergites I-II have a minute seta each side of the
anterior margin (Text-fig. 84, s). Tergocentral setae on segments I-VI, 3 + 3;
laterally tergites I-VIII with stout post-spiracular setae, those on II—VIII with the
two small adjacent setae characteristic of the Amblycera; posterior and lateral
to the post-spiracular seta is another (occasionally two on one side) which on segments
I-V is short and on VI-VIII is long and stout ; apart from these two setae there
are other lateral tergal setae and pleural setae, the latter being probably naturally
ventral but not always distinguishable from the tergal setae in mounted specimens.

Fics. 84-86. Laemobothrion (E.) atrum Nitzsch. 84. Dorsal view of thorax, male. s.—
anterior seta of tergum I. 85. Semicircular hyaline area at base of abdomen, drawn from
various specimens in spirit and canada balsam. c.—posterior edge of 3rd coxa.
86. Gular and sternal plates, male.

There is some variation in the number, length and position of these setae but the
following numbers are taken from a male specimen which is mounted in such a
way that the tergal setae are easily distinguishable from the pleural : lateral tergal
setae (given for one side only and omitting the post-spiracular setae and the associ-
ated postero-lateral setae mentioned above) : I, 4; II,6; III,9; IV—VI, 8. Pleural
setae: I, 3; II, 19; III, 17; IV,18; V,14; VI, 18; terminal segments as shown
in Text-figs. 87 and 92. The females tend to have rather more setae, but the individual
variation is such that the number of setae cannot be used as a specific character unless
differing markedly. Sternal setae of I-III and VII to end as in Text-figs. 85, 87,

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 57

Fics. 87-91. Laemobothrion (E.) atrum, male. 87. Terminal segments of abdomen. a.—
internal. 88. a. enlarged. 89. Genitalia (R. S. Pitcher del.). 90. Details of sclerites
at base of paramere (dorsal). p.—paramere. 91. Part of 90 ventral.

92; IV, 14-18; V, 21-35; VI, 11-18. The stout setae at the end of the male

abdomen vary in number from 3-6, one or more sometimes being replaced by a
thinner one.

Measurements in mm.

Length Breadth
‘ee — ae fa ~ aw
Male Female Male Female
Head ‘ . Cr i or | ha 1°03 1°17
Prothorax ; — _— ; 0:88 1°07
Pterothorax . _ — i I-+20 1°47
Abdomen. ; _— — . 1°37 1°95
Total : ; 6-20 8-00 . _— —
Genitalia ‘ 2.34 _— ° — =

(to end of parameres)

* Taken from highest part of anterior margin to middle of occipital margin.

58 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

Neotype of Laemobothrion (Eulaemobothrion) atrum (Nitzsch, 1818) male in the
Meinertzhagen Collection, British Museum (Natural History), slide No. 11983a
from Fulica a. atra Linn. from Morocco, October 1938. Neoparatypes: 10 3, 5@
from the same host form from Morocco, Israel and Rajputana.

The opportunity is also taken to select a lectotype of Laemobothrion (Eulaemo-
bothrion) setigerum Piaget, 1889 as follows: Male in the Piaget Collection, British
Museum (Natural History), slide No. 1438a from Ibis cayennensis. Paratypes:

24,18.

Ap

92

Fics. 92-94. Laemobothrion (E.) atrum, female. 92. Terminal segments of abdomen.
93. Sclerite of dorsal wall of genital chamber. v.—vulva. 94. b. of Fig. 92 enlarged.

Liotheum (Physostomum.) nitidissimum (p. 302)

This is a nomen novum for Ricinus fringillae de Geer and the neotype we erected
(1954 : 237) for the latter is therefore also the neotype of R. itidissimus (Nitzsch).

Liotheum (Physostomum) sulphureum (p. 302)
A nomen novum for Pediculus dolichocephalus Scopoli. The neotype which we
erected (1951 : 12) for Ricinus dolichocephalus (Scopoli) is automatically the neotype
of Ricinus sulphureus (Nitzsch).

Gyropus gracilis (p. 304)
As this is a nomen novum for Pediculus porcelli Schrank, the neotype we erected
(1954 : 254) for Gliricola porcelli (Schrank) is necessarily also the neotype of Gliricola
gracilis (Nitzsch).

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

LIST OF SPECIES

The synonymy of the following names has been established :

Specific name

adustus Olfers .
anatis Fabricius
anserinus Fabricius
atvatus Nitzsch
atvum Nitzsch .

attenuatus Nitzsch
baculus Nitzsch
bifurcatus Olfers

chelidonius Schrank .
chloropodis Schrank .

collurionis Schrank
communis Nitzsch
conspurcatum Nitzsch
crassus Nitzsch
cucullare Nitzsch
dubius Nitzsch .
ebraeus Nitzsch
elongatus Olfers
excisus Nitzsch
falcicornis Nitzsch
filiformis Olfers
fornicatus Olfers
fulicae Schrank.
giganteum Nitzsch
globifer Olfers
gracilis Nitzsch
hasticeps Olfers
hasticeps Nitzsch
hivundinis Schrank
hologaster Nitzsch
ictevodes Nitzsch
jejunus Nitzsch
lant Fabricius .
latus Nitzsch
leontodon Nitzsch
lituvatum Nitzsch
longicornis Nitzsch
luridus Nitzsch
melis Fabricius

mesoleucum Nitzsch .

milvi Schrank .
minutus Nitzsch
minutum Nitzsch
mustelae Schrank

nitidissimum Nitzsch.

ochvaceum Nitzsch
ovisarietis Schrank

Present status

Philopterus corvi (Linn., 1758)
Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763)
Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805)
Philopterus atratus Nitzsch, 1818

Laemobothrion (Eulaemobothrion) atrum

(Nitzsch, 1818)
Nomen nudum :
Columbicola columbae (Linn., 1758) :
Gliricola porcelli (Schrank, 1781)
Name rejected as that of a chimaera

Laemobothrion (Eulaemobothrion) chloro-

podis (Schrank, 1803)
Philopterus coarctatus (Scopoli, 1763)
Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank, 1776)

Trinoton anserinum (J. C. Fabricius, 1805)

Trichodectes melis (Fabricius, 1805)
Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch, 1818) .
Trichodectes mustelae (Schrank, 1803)
Esthiopterum gruis (Linn., 1758)
Ricinus elongatus (Olfers, 1816)
Philopterus excisus Nitzsch, 1818
Gontodes pavonis (Linn., 1758) :
Columbicola filiformis (Olfers, 1816)
Saemundssonia sternae (Linn., 1758)
Incidifrons fulicae (Linn., 1758)
Laemobothrion circi (Fourcroy, 1785)
Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank, 1776)
Gliricola porcelli (Schrank, 1781)
Laemobothrion tinnunculi (Linn., 1758)
Laemobothrion tinnunculi (Linn., 1758)
Philopterus excisus Nitzsch, 1818
Goniocotes gallinae (De Geer, 1778)
Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch, 1818) .
Anaticola anseris (Linn., 1758)
Philopterus coarctatus (Scopoli, 1763)
Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778)
Sturnidoecus sturni (Schrank, 1776)
Nomen nudum

Damalinia longicornis (Nitzsch, 1818)
Fulicoffula lurida (Nitzsch, 1818)
Trichodectes melis (Fabricius, 1805)
Myrsidea cornicis (De Geer, 1778)
Laemobothrion circi (Fourcroy, 1785)
Nomen nudum :

Menacanthus curuccae (Schrank, 1776)
Trichodectes mustelae (Schrank, 1803)
Ricinus fringillae (De Geer, 1778)

Actornithophilus ochraceus (Nitzsch, 1818)

Damalinia ovis (Schrank, 1781)

59

Page

60 THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA

pallidum Nitzsch : : ; : - Menopon gallinae (Linn., 1758) , 46
phaeopodis Schrank . : ; ; . Austromenopon phaeopodis (Schrank, 1802) ste)
phanerostigmaton Nitzsch . , ; . Cuculiphilus fasciatus (Scopoli, 1763) ee.
pici Fabricius . : ; ; ; . Penenirmus pict (J. C. Fabricius, 1798) . 7
pict Schrank . - : : . Rejected as a junior homonym : 12
platyrhynchus Nitzsch ‘ ; - . Craspedorrhynchus haematopus (Scopoli,

1763) . 35
prognes Schrank ‘ : ‘ : . Name rejected as that of a chimaera vo ae
pterocephalus Olfers . , ' : . Ricinus rubeculae (Schrank, 1776) . ae ae
votundus Rudow ‘ ; ; ‘ . Saemundssonia scolopacisphaeopodis

(Schrank, 1803) A ae
scalaris Burmeister . : : ; . Penenirmus pici (J. C. Fabricius, 1798) : 7
scalaris Nitzsch : ; ‘ . Damalinia bovis (Linn., 1758) ; - 45
scolopacisphaeopodis Schrank ; ‘ . Saemundssonia scolopacisphaeopodis

(Schrank, 1803) : : ; « "RS
setosus Olfers . , ; F : . Amember of the Anoplura . : . 85
sphaerocephalus Olfers : ; ‘ - Damalinia ovis (Schrank, 1781) ; . =e
sphaerocephalus Nitzsch . ; ; - Damalinia ovis (Schrank, 1781) ; es
squalidus Nitzsch_ . ; é : . Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763) . + es
stramineum Nitzsch . ‘ : : . Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) . 47
stylifer Nitzsch ; ‘ : : . Chelopistes meleagridis (Linn., 1758) : | sae
subrostratus Nitzsch . . ' : . Nomen nudum ‘ - 44
sulphureum Nitzsch . ; ‘ : . Ricinus dolichocephalus (Scopoli, 1763) Se
tantali Fabricius ‘ é , ‘ . Ardeicola tantali (Fabricius, 1798) . 77S
temporalis Nitzsch . : A : . Anaticola mergiserrati (De Geer, 1778) . 43
tetragonocephalus Olfers . ‘ : . Goniodes pavonis (Linn., 1758) de.
totani Schrank ; ‘ ; : . Actornithophilus totani (Schrank, 1803) Sh
trigonocephalus Olfers ; ; ' . Menopon gallinae (Linn., 1758) ‘ « ' 30
tringae Schrank : ; ‘ ; . Rejected as an _ unidentifiable junior

homonym . : ‘ 2 OO ES
truncatus Olfers F ; : ‘ . Dennyus hirundinis (Linn., 1758) . ie
upupae Schrank ; . ‘ : . Upupicola upupae (Schrank, 1803) . ease
urogallt Schrank : ‘ : ‘ . Name rejected as that of a memory . 18
vagelli Fabricius ‘ ‘ : , . Ancistrona vagellt (J. C. Fabricius, 1787) . 4
vanella Schrank , ; . ‘ - Quadraceps junceus (Scopoli, 1763) . Se
versicolor Nitzsch ‘ ; ‘ . Ardeicola ciconiae (Linn., 1758) : 2 Se

REFERENCES

Cray, T. 1940. Genera and species of Mallophaga occurring on Gallinaceous Hosts. Part II.
Goniodes. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 110 (B) : 1-120.

1941. A new genus and species of Mallophaga. Parasitology, 33 : 119-129.

1949. Species of the genus Saemundssonia (Mallophaga) from the Sterninae. Amer. Mus.

Novit. 1409 : 1-25.

1954. The post-spiracular seta and sensillus in the Mallophaga. Aun. Mag. nat. Hist.

(12) 7: 716-718.

—— 1958. Revisions of Mallophaga Genera. Degeeriella from the Falconiformes. Bull. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entom. 7 : 123-207.

1959. Key to the species of Austromenopon Bedford (Mallophaga) parasitic on the

Charadriiformes. Pyvoc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B), 28 : 157-168.

THE EARLY LITERATURE ON MALLOPHAGA 61

Cray, T. & Hopkins, G. H. E. 1950. The early literature on Mallophaga: Pt. I. Bull. Brit.
Mus. (nat. Hist.) Ent. 1 (3) : 223-272.

1951. Pt. II op. cit. 2 (1) : 1-36.

1954. Pt. III. op. cit. 3 (6) : 223-266.

1958. Pediculus dentatus Scopoli, 1763. Entomologist 91 : 268-269.

Cummincs, B. F. 1916. Studies on the Anoplura and Mallophaga. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond.
1916 : 643-693.

EICHLER, W. 1942. Die Mallophagengattung Columbicola Ewing. S.B. ges. naturf. Fr. Berl.
1941 : 270-288.

Hopkins, G. H. E. 1940. Stray notes on Mallophaga.—II. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 5:
417-429.

Hopkins, G. H. E. & Cray, T. 1952. A check list of the genera and species of Mallophaga.
British Museum (Natural History).

1955. Additions and corrections to the Check List of Mallophaga.—II. Ann. Mag.
nat, Hist. (12) 8: 177-190.

K&LER, S. von. 1938. Ubersicht iiber die gesamte Literatur der Mallophagen. Z. angew.
Ent. 25 : 487-524.

— 1937. Uber einige neue und interessantere Mallophagen des Deutschen Entomologischen

Instituts in Berlin-Dahlem. Arb. morph. tax. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem, 4 : 312-324.

1938. Baustoffe zu einer Monographie der Mallophagen.—I. Teil. Nova Acta Leop.

Carol. (N.F.) 5 : 385-467.

1952. On some Mallophaga of sea-birds from the Tristan da Cunha Group and the Dyer

Island. J. ent. Soc. S. Afr. 15 : 204-238.

TanpDAaNn, B. K. 1955. Mallophagan parasites from Indian birds. Pt. IV. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(12) 8 : 417-433.

ENTOM. Q, I 5

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

Yew eo

PLATE 1

Penenirmus pici (Fabricius), male neotype.
Penenirmus pici (Fabricius), female neallotype.
Penenirmus pici (Fabricius), male genitalia.
Ricinus elongatus (Olfers), female neallotype.
Ricinus elongatus (Olfers), male neotype.

PLATE: 1

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 1

Pala hE 2

Fic. 1. Upupicola upupae (Schrank), male neotype.
Fic. 2. Upupicola upupae (Schrank), female neallotype.
Fic. 3. Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch), male neotype.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 1 PLATE 2

PLATE 3

Saemundssonia scolopacisphaeopodis (Schrank), male ae
Philopterus excisus Nitzsch, male neotype.
SACHS ORE scolopacisphaeopodis dais male genitalia

Bull, B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 1 PLATE 3

IGS Ie
“Ee. 32.
Pic, 3.

Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius), male lectotype, : ae Ts ne

Hig. ae,

PLATE 4

Trichodectes melis (Fabricius), male lectotype. ee ae
Trinoton querquedulae (Linn.), sternites IV and V. ‘~ Sate
Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius), sternites IV and V._ oh

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 1 PEATE,

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Bic:
Fic.

nb WN H

PLATES 5
Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch), male neallotype.
Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch, sclerite of genital sac.
Philopterus atratus (Nitzsch), male neotype.
Philopterus atratus (Nitzsch), male genitalia.
Philopterus atratus (Nitzsch), female neallotype.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 1 a es Bi) ED

5

Fic.
1anven
Fic.
FIG.
E1G:
Fic.

ANEW Ho

PLATE, 6

Fulicoffula lurida (Nitzsch), male neotype.
Fulicoffula lurida (Nitzsch), female neallotype.
Ardeicola tantali (Fabricius), male lectotype.
Ardeicola tantali (Fabricius), female paratype.
Laemobothrion (E.) atrum Nitzsch, male neotype.
Laemobothrion (E.) atrum Nitzsch, female.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 1 PLATE 6

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF
SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN
(COL.: MELOLONTHIDAE)
FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA

RK DD: POPE

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 2
LONDON: 1960

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF
SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN
(COL.: MELOLONTHIDAE) FROM
SOUTHERN AFRICA

BY

BaD: POPE J f

Commonwealth Institute of EA London

Pp. 63-218 ; Plates 1-14 ; 253 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 2
LONDON: 1960

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s
issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical series.

Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become
veady. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 9, No. 2 of the Entomological
series.

© Trustees of the British Museum, 1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued May, 1960 Price Fifty shillings

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES. OF
SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN
(COL.: MELOLONTHIDAE) FROM
SOUTHERN AFRICA

By R. D. POPE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
INTRODUCTION. ; ‘ ‘ ; ‘ ; : d 2 = 65
HISTORY OF THE Genus , s ? : : 3 66
SELECTION OF THE TYPE SPECIES OF THE Genus - : ‘ F ; 68
DIAGNOSIS OF THE GENUS. : - 2 : : P : F 69
SYNONYMY OF Schizonycha . ; : : ; (aE
TAXONOMIC POSITION AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE Genus ‘ : eet
SPECIES REMOVED FROM Schizonycha : ; ’ : : a Pte
SPECIES INCERTAE SEDIS ; : ; ; E : : , : 72
DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES : ; : ‘ : ‘ ‘ « “76
BIOLOGY AND HABITS ; : , : ‘ i : : ee,
PREDATORS AND PARASITES . % : 2 ; : : : F 80
NOTES ON THE KEy TO SPECIES . : ; F P . 5 A 80
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT Z » : : : : - 81
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. . P % f ; : : : : 81
KEy To SPECIES . : . ? r : 2 : ‘ ; : 82
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. : : : : ‘ ck ‘ 1 400
REFERENCES : . ; ; : P ; : ‘ : in OTS
INDEX ‘ : ; ‘ : ‘ , ‘ ‘ ee SY
PLATES ‘ : f : : j : ; ; following page 218

INTRODUCTION

Schizonycha is one of the largest genera of MELOLONTHIDAE. Over 300 species have
been described, of which all but 8 are African and of these about 120 occur south of
a line drawn across the continent, following the border between Angola and South-
west Africa in the west and continuing eastward along the course of the Zambesi
to the mouth of that river. This area, called ‘‘southern Africa” in the present
work, appears to form a natural faunistic unit, very few species of Schizonycha
occurring on both sides of the line. In view of this, because of the number of
species involved and because of the relative accessibility of type material, a revision
of the species of Schizonycha of southern Africa was undertaken as a first step
toward an investigation of the genus as a whole.
ENTOM. 9, 2. 6

66 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

As far as has proved possible in connection with a limited survey, the generic
concept has been examined, its history traced, a type species selected and the
interrelationships of Schizonycha and neighbouring genera investigated.

Although there is very little information to date about the biology of the species,
such details as are known have been collected together. It is to be hoped that this
work will make specific identification of material more readily possible and in doing
so stimulate field investigations.

Prior to the present study, some 98 species of Schizonycha had been described
from southern Africa and 9 species from the same area had been placed in the genus
Atys Reiche. In this paper, Atys and Schizonycha are treated as a single genus
and so it may be said that at the beginning of this revision, 107 species of Schizonycha
had been described from southern Africa.

In the following pages, Ig new species are described, 5 instances of established
names being applied inadvertently to new species are noted and new names proposed
for them and 22 cases of synonymy are recorded for the first time. The final analysis
is that 117 species of Schizonycha are now known, to occur in southern Africa.

Despite the willing co-operation of the authorities of various museums and
institutions, the identities of a few species remain in doubt for lack of reliably
named material or other evidence which would allow of certain determination.
These few are listed, together with the available evidence as to their identity, on
pages 72 to 76. The total of 117 species recorded above includes these species.

HISTORY OF THE GENUS

The first use of the name Schizonycha occurs in the 1833-35 edition of the Cata-
logue des Coleoptéres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. On page 161 the
name is ascribed to Dejean and followed by a list of species, three of which are
known to have been validly described prior to 1833.

The 1837 edition of the Dejean Catalogue contains a repetition of the list of
species of Schizonycha given in the 1833-35 edition and five additional names, all
of which are nomina nuda.

The next appearance of the name in the literature is in the Histoires des Insects
(1845) by Blanchard. On page 215 of volume 1 he described a genus Schizonycha,
attributing the name to Dejean, but did not include any species. This work is
generally considered unavailable as a source of names as it is not consistently
binomial in its nomenclature, but it may be taken as evidence in support of the
view that Dejean should be credited with the authorship of Schizonycha.

Erichson (1847, p. 658) included Schizonycha Dejean in a key to the genera of
the tribe Melolonthini. In a footnote on the previous page he made it clear that
he had discovered that Dejean had included the species of Diplotaxis Kirby (1837)
in his list of Schizonycha species.

In 1850, the first volume of the Catalogue de la Collection Entomologique du Museum
d’ Histoire Naturelle de Paris by Blanchard appeared containing (p. 149) a diagnosis
of Schizonycha, a statement that it included Amphimallon Castelnau (1837) and a

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 67

list of 14 included species, 8 of them being described as new. The first reference
given under the generic name in 1850 was that of Blanchard 1845. A footnote on
the same page acknowledged Dejean as the first to use the name Schizonycha, but
stated that this first use was in a much wider sense than the interpretation by
Blanchard in 1845.

In 1855, Burmeister included Schizonycha Dejean in his Handbuch der Entomologie
(p. 265 ff.), restricting the genus so as to include only species having 10-segmented
antennae with a 3-segmented club. He added eleven new species to the genus,
nine of them from southern Africa, eight of which are included in the present revision,
one of them having been transferred to another genus by Brenske in 1895.

Lacordaire (1856, p. 288) assumed that Erichson had validated Dejean’s concept
of Schizonycha and gave a long description of the genus, following Burmeister in
restricting the group to species having 10-segmented antennae with a 3-segmented
club. He gave a list of species which consisted of all the species placed in the genus
by Blanchard (1850) with the exception of those having a 5-segmented antennal club
and with the addition of Schizonycha ova Coquerel (1851) from Madagascar.

Boheman (1857, pp. 96-104) added eight species to the genus, all of them from
southern Africa. He made no observations concerning the scope or nature of the
group.

From 1857 onward, many authors have, at various times, added a large number
of species to the genus. Only a few of these authors dealt with species from southern
Africa and even fewer gave any treatment of the generic concept.

Kolbe (1894) published a key to the group of genera including Schizonycha,
separated some species from the genus to found new genera and described a new
species of Atys Reiche (1850) (see pages 69 to 71) from east Africa.

Brenske (1892, p. 37) commented on Erichson’s and Lacordaire’s treatment of
Schizonycha. Three years later (1895, p. 223) he reduced the scope of Schizonycha
envisaged by Burmeister by removing S. lurida Burm. (1855, p. 274) and using it
to found a new genus Glyptoglossa. In 1808 (pp. 347-378) the same author published
a further treatment of the genus, pointing out certain synonymies, particularly of
extra-African species, establishing three new genera closely related to Schizonycha,
providing a table separating the species of Schizonycha known, to him into groups
and describing a number of new species, some of them from southern Africa.

Péringuey (1904, pp. 190-252, 1908, pp. 678-681, 699-702) produced the first, and
until the publication of the present paper, the last comprehensive revision of the
genus as it occurs in southern Africa. Following a lengthy description of the
genus, he provided a key for specific identification, described or redescribed all the
species known to him and published illustrations of the male genitalia of a majority
of the species. He added 62 new species to Schizonycha and g to Atys Reiche.
Almost all these species are accepted as valid in this paper, their number being
increased where it has been found that Péringuey described a new species under
the impression that he was redescribing an already known taxon.

Subsequent to 1908, Kolbe (1910) added a few east African species to the genus
and Moser (1914-24) described many new species of Schizonycha, 5 of them from
southern Africa,

68 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Peyerimhoff (1935, pp. 147-150) revised the north African species of Schizonycha,
following the suggestion made by Brenske (1896, p. 355) that Atys as interpreted by
Kolbe (1894, p. 568, 577) should be regarded as a part of Schizonycha.

Gridelli (1939, pp. 470-521) published a revision of the species of Schizonycha from
south Abyssinia, describing some new ones, providing a key for specific identification
and also regarding Kolbe’s conception of Atys as coming within the limits of
Schizonycha.

Arrow (1944) revised the Asiatic representatives of the genus, providing a key for
the identification of the species and describing two new ones.

The last worker to publish any revisionary exposition of the genus was Burgeon
(1946) who wrote up the species occurring in Belgian Congo. He described some new
species, gave a key to the genera surrounding Schizonycha and a key for the indenti-
fication of the species, separating them into groups after the manner of Brenske
(1898). Burgeon’s conception of Schizonycha was broader than that of Péringuey
in that he included Atys Reiche and Etischiza Brenske as subgenera.

SELECTION OF THE TYPE SPECIES OF THE GENUS

Only three of the many species listed by Dejean in 1833 as belonging to his genus
Schizonycha had at that time been validly described. One of these, S. globator (F.)
(p. 141), has been included within the confines of the genus from its erection until
the present time. The second, S. henningit (Fischer), was transferred to another
genus (Lasiopsis Blanch. (nec Erichson) = Lachnota Reitter) by Blanchard in 1850.
The third, S. cylindrica (Gyll. in Schénherr), was transferred to Brahmina Blanch.
by Brenske in 1892.

It follows that, in order to preserve the present interpretation of Schizonycha
Dejean, it would be necessary to select as the type species of the genus the first of
the three species referred to above.

In 1944, Arrow suggested that Melolontha ruficollis Fabricius, first placed in
Schizonycha by Blanchard (1850) might be regarded as the type species of the genus.
Arrow accepted Blanchard as the author of Schizonycha and so regarded S. ruficollis
(F.) as an originally included species.

As is now known, Dejean (1833) was the first to apply the name Schizonycha to a
generic concept. He did not include Melolontha ruficollis F. as a species of
Schizonycha. Therefore that species is not available for selection as the type
species of Schizonycha Dejean. Blanchard (1850), when describing Schizonycha
referred to his earlier (1845) diagnosis of the genus and, in a footnote, made it plain
that he knew of Dejean’s use of the name and stated that he proposed to apply it
to a more restricted group than that indicated by the earlier author. Like Dejean,
he included Scarabaeus globator F. in Schizonycha.

In view of the evidence now available, Arrow’s suggestion that S. ruficollis (F.)
might be regarded as the type species of Schizonycha must be rejected as an invald
selection and I hereby select Scarabaeus globator Fabricius (1781) as the type species
of Schizonycha Dejean (1833).

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 69

DIAGNOSIS OF THE GENUS

MELOLONTHINI with the anterior border of the labrum more or less horizontally
emarginate ; with the clypeus having a weakly or strongly raised transverse carina
shortly in front of frontoclypeal suture (Text-figs. 21-24) ; with the antennae (Text-
figs. I-5) having a 3-segmented club in both sexes, a long scape, a globose second
segment and a funicle composed originally of five segments although these may be
more or less fused together so that it appears to be composed of from two to five
segments ; with the mentum (Text-fig. 6 m) at most shallowly concave, usually flat
or slightly convex, sometimes with a shallow longitudinal median ridge ; with the
labium not strongly raised on each side of a median excavation ; with the pronotum
convex and without a broad anteromedian excavation and without a pair of para-
median anterior tubercles ; elytra without striae or ridges, confusedly but usually
more or less evenly punctured, usually short enough to leave at least part of the
propygidium exposed; metasternum raised into a blunt longitudinal carina on
either side near its junction with the metepisterna, carinae more strongly developed
toward anterior angles of metasternum; abdomen with five ventrites rounded
laterally, without pleural ridges ; anterior tibiae with one or two external teeth in
addition to the apical tooth (Text-figs. 41 and 42) ; tarsal claws with a basal inferior
lobe and either bifid at the apex or with an inferior median tooth (Text-figs. 10-15).

The diagnosis of Schizonycha set out above is such as to give the genus a rather
wider scope than was attributed to it by Péringuey. It is in effect a definition of
the genus as it was interpreted by Burgeon (1946) and so includes Atys Reiche
(1850, p. 352) (nec de Montfort, 1810) and Etischiza Brenske (1898, p. 379). Atys
Reiche was treated as a separate genus by Péringuey (1904, p. 252) and by Andreae
(1933), but was reduced to a subgenus of Schizonycha by Burgeon (1946, p. 230). In
the present paper it is regarded as a pure synonym of Schizonycha Dejean.

Reiche erected Atys to contain a single species, A. samenensis Reiche from
Abyssinia, which he stated to have 7-segmented antennae. This was the only
character mentioned by him which distinguished his genus from Schizonycha and
he remarked that he believed it possible that the antennae were in fact 10-segmented,
segments 3, 4, 5 and 6 being more or less completely fused.

Lacordaire (1856, p. 289) gave a long description of Reiche’s genus, referring to
it as a doubtfully separate group from Schizonycha. He very properly pointed out
that the uncertainty shown by Reiche over the number of segments in the antennae
of his species could only be resolved by examination of a large number of specimens
and that it might well be that the result would be a rejection of Atys as a separate
genus.

Quedenfelt (1884, p. 315) described Atys diluta from east Africa. He remarked
that although he had seen a long series of specimens they were all males and also
recorded the antennae as possessing nine segments. He stated that, apart from
the number of segments in the antennae, Atys diluta was indistinguishable from a
species of Schizonycha.

Kolbe (1894, p. 568) assumed in his key to the genera surrounding Schizonycha
that Atys had 9-segmented antennae and later in the same paper (p. 577) described

70 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

A. glabra from east Africa, referring to it as being very similar to A. diluta Qued.
Brenske (1896, p. 355) remarked in a footnote that Atys samenensis Reiche was
reputed to have 7-segmented antennae and suggested that Kolbe’s and Quedenfelt’s
species did not belong to Atys, but should be assigned to a subgenus of Schizonycha.
Péringuey (1904, p. 252-259) added several more species to Atys Reiche and
stated that the sole character distinguishing the genus from Schizonycha was the
g-segmented antennae of the males.

More recently, Andreae (1933) revised the species placed in Atys Reiche by
Péringuey, adding one from Schizonycha (S. corrosa Burm., p. 203). Andreae
accepted Atys as a valid genus, but Burgeon (1946, p. 230), recording Brenske’s
remarks of 1896, treated Atys as a subgenus of Schizonycha, isolated within the
main genus by its g-segmented antennae and by its almost glabrous underside.
In the same paper, he described Schizonycha urundiensis (p. 241) in which he stated
the antennae to be variable, having either 9 or 10 segments, but which had pubescence
on the underside and an abdominal formation which forced him to assign it to
Schizonycha s. str. and not to the subgenus Atys.

The type specimen of Atys samenensis is deposited in the British Museum (Nat.
Hist.). It is a male and has an antenna broken off at the articulation between
segments 2 and 3, the separated part being mounted on a card. It is clear that the
specimen has antennae made up of a trilamellate club preceded by a small cupuliform
segment, the latter being connected to the globose second segment by a tube made
up of the fused segments 3 to 6 as described by Reiche. What Reiche apparently
did not see is that there is a distinct transverse suture less than half-way from the
proximal end of the tube, presumably the remains of the articulation between
segments 3 and 4. Three other examples of this species in the British Museum
have this articulation much better defined and so it may be said that the species
is really one with 8-segmented antennae but which shows a tendency to have
their number reduced to 7.

Examination, of a series of Atys fallax Pér. (p. 117) consisting of between 40 and
50 specimens of both sexes showed at least two examples with 8-segmented antennae
instead of the usual 9 and a single example in which one antenna had g segments
while the other possessed only 8.

Schizonycha urundiensis Burgeon, has already been referred to as having antennae
of either 9 or 10 segments. A similar state of affairs exists in the case of Atys hypo-
crita Pér. (p. 170). Here Péringuey was sufficiently confused by it to describe the
species twice, once as above and once as a species of Schizonycha.

All this seems to indicate that the reduction of the number of antennal segments
is not so fundamental a character as was thought. If there had been variation in
the number of lamellae in the club the picture would have been quite different,
but the degree of articulation of the funicle is a relatively unimportant matter.
Doubt is thus also cast on the validity of Atys, either as a genus or a subgenus.
In support of this doubt, an examination of all the species placed in Atys, together
with other material, both named and unnamed, from other parts of the continent,
shows the group to be heterogeneous, the species being related individually or in
small groups to various distinct, but undoubted species of Schizonycha.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 71

In view of this and despite the fact that I have not yet examined every species
of Schizonycha, I have no hesitation in electing to treat Atys Reiche as a synonym
of Schizonycha De}j.

Embrik Strand (1942, p. 391) first noticed the prior use of the name Atys by de
Montfort (1810 for a genus of Mollusca) and proposed Atysi/la as a substitute. This
name also becomes a synonym of Schizonycha.

Arrow (19444, p. 634) remarked upon the unavailability of Atys Reiche as a generic
name in coleoptera, noting at the same time that Genyoschiza Moser (1917a, p. 84)
appeared from its description to be a possible synonym of Reiche’s genus. He
suggested that Genyoschiza should be provisionally adopted as a substitute name.

Whether or not Genyoschiza is synonymous with Atys Reiche, no change would be
necessitated in the nomenclature used in this paper. The genus was erected for a
species from east Africa, and it is treated here as a possible synonym of Atys and
hence of Schizonycha.

Also in his 1946 paper, Burgeon reduced Eftischiza Brenske (1898, p. 379) to a
subgenus of Schizonycha. Brenske founded his genus on Schizonycha heudelotit
Blanchard (1850, p. 150), synonymizing it with Schizonycha incerta Burm. (1855,
p- 273). Both names were used to describe material from Senegal and although
both the validity of the subgenus and the correctness of the synonymy are doubtful,
the problem must remain until a revision of the west African species of Schizonycha
is accomplished.

The synonymy of Schizonycha as it stands at present may therefore be summarized
as follows :

Schizonycha Dejean, 1833.

Atys Reiche, 1850 (nec de Montfort, 1810).
Atysilla Strand, 1942, nom. nov. pro Atys Reiche.
? Genyoschiza Moser, 1917.

subgen. Etischiza Brenske, 1808.

TAXONOMIC POSITION AND RELATIONSHIPS

Schizonycha belongs to that group of the Melolonthini in which the tarsal claws
are split apically as well as being equipped with an inferior basal lobe, in which the
metepisterna are narrow and more or less acuminate toward their apices and in
which the head frequently possesses one or more transverse carinae.

The genus is large and rather diverse and it is possible to see some of the trends
within it which may be said to lead outward toward the other genera in the group.
All these other genera at present form much smaller groups of species than does
Schizonycha. Whether any one of them may be considered as ancestral to Schizo-
nycha or whether they are all derivative is unanswerable from the evidence obtainable
from a partial revision of the genus, but as indicated above, some of their inter-
relationships may be traced.

For example, such species as Schizonycha confinis Pér (p. 113) and to a greater
extent S. frontalis Moser (p. 111) are closely related to the species of Kolbe’s genus
Hecistopsilus (1894).

72 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

A new species is described later in this paper which shows how Syngeneschiza
Brenske (1898) with its strongly concave mentum and much produced lateral labial
areas may have been derived.

Spathoschiza Arrow (1902) is a curious monobasic genus in which the tarsal claws
are trifid and possess a basal lobe as well. Apart from this feature and the strongly
produced clypeus with its sharp anterior angles, Spathoschiza seems to have a very
definite affinity with S. divulsa Pér. (p. 106) and S. inops Pér. (p. 108).

Homoeoschiza Kolbe (1894), synonymized with Euryschiza Brenske (1898) by
Moser (Désch. ent. Z., 1914, p. 275), has no transverse clypeal carina, but in other
respects is strongly reminiscent of S. debilis Burm. (p. 120).

Lastly, two other genera closely related to Schizonycha are Entyposis Kolbe
(1894) and Tvichoschiza Moser (1917), a genus erected for an Abyssinian species.
The former is very similar to typical Schizonycha species, but is at once segregated
by the hollowed out pronotum and the two anteromedian pronotal tubercles typical
of the males of Entyposis. The second genus, as its name implies, is characterized by
long, outstanding setae. These more or less cover the whole of the pronotal surface.
S. dissensa Pér. (p. 128) and S. crinita Brenske (p. 127) both show a tendency
toward this state of affairs in that they have a transverse row of long, outstanding
setae along the posterior margin of the pronotum.

SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA ORIGINALLY DESCRIBED AS
SCHIZONYCHA BUT SUBSEQUENTLY TRANSFERRED TO OTHER
GENERA

Apogonia curtula (Pér.)

Schizonycha curtula Péringuey, 1892, p. 2.
A pogonia curtula (Pér.), Péringuey, 1904, p. 291.

Glyptoglossa lurida (Burm.)

Schizonycha lurida Burmeister, 1855, p. 274.
Glyptoglossa lurida (Burm.), Brenske, 1895, p. 223.

Entyposis simplex (Pér.)

Schizonycha simplex Péringuey, 1904, p. 258.
Entyposis simplex (Pér.), Andreae, 1933, p. 107.

SPECIES INCERTAE SEDIS

Among the many species of Schizonycha described from southern Africa, a very
few are known from their descriptions alone. The original material on which the
species was based has either been lost or is no longer identifiable. The species falling
into this category are set out below. The original author’s description is repeated
together with any subsequent author’s interpretation as far as can be ascertained
and the results of my own attempts to establish the identity of these species are
recorded,

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 73

S. oblonga Boh.

Schizonycha oblonga Boheman, 1857, p. 102.
Schizonycha oblonga Boh., Péringuey, 1904, p. 233 (erratum).

Original description : ‘‘ Oblonga, convexa, flavotestacea, subnitida ; capite crebre
rugoso-punctato et prothorace parum profunde, minus crebre punctato, antice
granulato, saturatioribus ; scutello utrinque punctato; elytris sat crebre, medio-
criter, vage, pygidio rarius punctatis; geniculis leviter infuscatis——Long. 94-12,
lat. 5}-6} millim.”

Habitat in Caffraria tota.

Schiz. russulae angustior, minus convexa. Caput latitudine brevius, superne fere
planum, rufo-testaceum, sub-nitidum, sat profunde rugosopunctatum. Clypeus
reflexo-marginatus, apice rotundatus, carina transversa, medio antrorsum nonnihil
arcuata, parum altiore, a fronte distinctus. Oculi rotundati, convexi, nigri.
Antennae flavo-testaceae. Prothorax latitudine multo brevior, antice leviter
rotundato emarginatus, angulis obtusis ; lateribus tenuiter reflexo-marginatis, ultra
medium oblique ampliatis, dein rotundatis ; postice utrinque vix sinuatus, angulis
obtusis ; superne convexus, rufo-testaceus, nitidus, parum profunde, sat crebre
punctatus, antice subtiliter granulatus, intra basin utrinque transversim impressus.
Scutellum breviter triangulare, flavo-testaceum, nitidum, untrinque punctatum.
Elytra prothorace non latiora et illo duplo et dimidio longiora, antice subtruncata,
humeris parum elevatis, obtusis; lateribus pone medium parum ampliata, apice
conjunctim late rotundata, superne convexa, flavo-testacea, sub-nitida, mediocriter,
sat crebre, vage punctata. Corpus subtus flavo-testaceum, nitidum. Pectus
subtiliter, crebre punctulatum, parce cinereo-pubescens. Abdomen rarius punctu-
latum, fere glabrum. Pedes rufo-testacei, punctati, geniculis leviter infuscatis ;
femoribus antice medio laevigatis ; tibiis anticis extus obtuse tridentatis, tarsorum
artulis apice infuscatis. BHN.”

Péringuey synonymized S. affinis Boh. and S. oblonga Boh., basing his opinion
upon material from the Boheman collection. As is shown later (p. 206), the Boheman
collection contains a mixed series over the name S. affinis and Péringuey unfor-
tunately based his interpretation of the species on a specimen which cannot have
belonged to the original type series. The specimen that he regarded as a “‘ co-type ”’
of S: oblonga must also have belonged to the species known to him as S. affinis.
These specimens do not agree with the description of S. affinis given by Boheman,
neither do they agree with his description of S. oblonga. In fact Péringuey described
a new species under the impression that he was redescribing S. affinis Boh.

As far as can be ascertained there is no material over the name S. oblonga in the
Boheman collection at the present time and it is not possible to interpret the species
with any accuracy. All that can be said is that it should be very similar to the true
S. affinis Boh. (p. 206), but should have the anterior border of the clypeus semi-
circular, the pronotum and pygidium less deeply and less closely punctured and it is
very probable that the pronotum does not have a longitudinal median impunctate
space,

74 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

S. comosa Burm.
Schizonycha comosa Burmeister, 1855, p. 270.

Original description: “Oblongo-ovata, castanea, pernitida, dense subtilius
punctata ; pectore pedibusque pilis longis hirsutis. Long. 5” ¢.

“Von der Weihnachtsbai (Bay of Natal); Hm. Germar’s Sammlung.—Nicht
kiirzer aber viel schmaler gebaut, nach hinten etwas breiter, gelbroth, sehr glanzend,
viel feiner punktirt ; das Kopfschild ebenso gestaltet, die Mitte des Randes erhaben,
durch einen schwachen Kiel mit der Stirnkante verbunden. Seiten des Vorder-
riickens etwas erweitert, sehr dicht punktirt, die Kopfecken etwas scharfer, der
Rand fein gekerbt. Afterdecke ziemlich dicht grob punktirt ; Brust, Schenkel und
Innenseite der Schienen mit langen, rothgelben Haaren dicht bekleidet; Fiisse
ziemlich lang Fiihlerfacher klein, hellgelb.—”’

In a note following the description, Burmeister offered the opinion that the
S. comosa might in fact be the male of S. corrosa Burm. He said that if S. comosa
and S. corrosa were in fact the two sexes of a single species, they would be an example
of marked sexual dimorphism unknown to him in the genus and so he elected to
regard them as separate species. As is now known, marked sexual dimorphism is a
feature of some species of Schizonycha (e.g. S. debilis Burm. (p. 120), S. ovatula
Brenske (p. 211) and S. filiola Moser (p. 200)), but the description of S. comosa given
by Burmeister does not agree with what is now known to be the male of S. corrosa
Burm. (p. 203).

Péringuey (1904, p. 206) described a new species under the impression that he
was redescribing S. comosa Burm. This mistake is dealt with on page 148 of the
present paper.

Of all the species of Schizonycha described from southern Africa, the one which
appears to agree most closely with the description of S. comosa is S. gonaqua Pér.
(p. 139). Even this does not agree entirely and so for the present, S. comosa Burm.
must be left as a species of doubtful identity.

(?) S. tumida (Cast.)

Rhizotrogus tumidus Castelnau, 1840, p. 133.

Schizonycha tumida Blanchard (nec. Cast.), 1850, p. 150
For :— < Schizonycha tumida Burmeister (nec Cast.), 1855, p. 267 psee p. 126.

Schizonycha tumida Péringuey (nec. Cast.), 1905, p. 225

Length 14:8 mm. Breadth 6-7 mm.

Original description: “‘ Illig—Long. 6 lig. 4. Larg. 3 lig—D’un brun-rouge ;
téte, corselet et élytres couverts de gros points enfoncés irréguliers; poitrine et
pattes velues.—Cap de Bonne-Espérance.”

Castelnau named the species he described as Rhizotrogus tumidus and attributed
the name to Illiger. No melolonthid with the specific name twmidus had been
described by Illiger prior to 1840, but the name had appeared in the 1833 and 1837
editions of the Dejean Catalogue under the genus Schizonycha (a genus not recognized

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 75

by Castelnau). Also specimens labelled as Schizonycha tumida and Melolontha
tumida, some of them dating back to at least 1840, are to be found in the collections
of the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. Therefore Castelnau was the author of the
species, although he was in all probability validating a name which was in current
use among entomologists of his day.

Castelnau did not mention the location of material and so it has to be assumed
that he based his description upon specimens in his own collection. The lamellicornia
of his collection are now in the Oberthiir collection in Paris and they include five
specimens over the name “ Schizonycha tumida Castelnau’. Of these, four do not
agree with the original description of the species, three of them being examples of
S. livida Klug (p. 153) and one an example of S. salaama Brske. (p. 155). The
fifth specimen agrees more closely with Castelnau’s description, but is not of a
south African species. It is a female example of a species occurring in east Africa
and as yet undetermined. Thus it would seem that, if Castelnau did describe
tumida from material in his own collection, none of it remains there today.

The description is too vague to define a single species and so it is not possible to
identify twmida with certainty in the absence of material from the original series.
Such evidence as is obtainable from later authors’ interpretations of the species is
interesting in that it all points toward tumida being synonymous with S. fartula
Pér. (p. 126). Unfortunately this cannot be taken as proof of identity as the agree-
ment might just as well stem from an original error as from an original knowledge
of Castelnau’s species.

The present position is that twmida Cast. is a species of doubtful identity and later
interpretations of that species—which may or may not be correct—are all synony-
mous with S. fartula Pér. (p. 126). These later interpretations are dealt with in the
present paper under the latter name (see above).

The acceptance of Castelnau’s species in Schizonycha relies upon the later interpre-
tations of twmida and so it is arguable that the true twmida Cast. may not be a
member of that genus at all. On the other hand it is very much less likely to belong
to Rhizotrogus Latreille which is almost entirely palaearctic in distribution. Failing
further evidence as to its identity, it seems preferable to leave twmida as a species
inquirendae, provisionally assigned to Schizonycha.

S. consobrina Klug

Schizonycha consobrina Klug, 1855, p. 658.
Schizonycha consobrina Klug, 1862, p. 257.

Length 14 mm.

Original description : subcylindrica, confertim punctata, fusco-brunnea,
subtus fulvo-pilosa, clypeo emarginato. Lange 6} Linien. Von Tette.”

The 1862 reference to the species noted that it was founded on a single female
example and added the following details to the original latin diagnosis: ‘‘ Etwas
grésser wie die vorhergehende Art, auch verhiltnissmassig breiter, sonst ihr sehr
ahnlich. Dunkelbraun bis auf die etwas heller gefarbten Deckschilde. Uberall mit

ce

76 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

eingedriickten Punkten bedeckt, in welchen jedoch Harchen oder Schiippchen, nicht
zu bemerken sind. Das aufgeworfene Kopfschild an der Spitze ausgerandet. Die
Stirnleiste wenig erhdhet, zu den Seiten fast erloschen. Die Fihlerkeule rothgelb.
Die Seiten des Halschildes und der Deckschilde réthlich gewimpert. Die untere
Seite nebst den Schenkeln roth behaart. Die Schienen, wie bei den vorigen Arten,
dunkler, fast schwarz.”

The “‘ previous species” referred to in the above description is S. livida Klug
(p. 153). Dr. Delkeskamp has very kindly searched the collections of the Zoolo-
gisches Museum, Berlin, on my behalf, but has been unable to find the specimen on
which Klug erected this species.

When an interpretation of S. consobrina is attempted, a difficulty arises which is
reminiscent of the case of S. unicolor (Herbst) (p. 129). The elytra were described
as being very pale compared with the rest of the body and the legs are referred to as
almost black. This suggests very strongly that the specimen may not have been
fully coloured. The lack of pronotal and elytral setae mentioned in the description
may well indicate a species with minute setae, unobserved by Klug. The final
picture is so vague that it is not possible to attach the name to any known species
of Schizonycha and so it must be left as a doubtful species until further information
as to its identity may be available.

,

DISTRIBUTION

The following table illustrates the known distribution of the species treated in this
work. In a few cases the region within southern Africa is not known. Here the
record is simply “S. Afr.’’ and is marked in the “ Other Regions” column. The
restricted distribution and patchy occurrence of some species may well be an, illusion
arising from lack of material, but it is felt that the regional lists may nonetheless be
of value where the establishment of new records is concerned.

It is interesting that only 12 out of a total of 117 species occur both north and
south of the Zambesi River.

3 § :
: n 3 8 s
8 re oe i aes ee
a RE a 8 «a > Other regions
co Bose Fe ee
SI RE Gy dhe ees
abenaba sp. n. : ow + —
abruptasp.n. . : ee le ee ee et Theat Sie —_
abscondita sp. n. ; BPP Srusae TSM ERE oigOD | hefhy Ade Ube 1 oe ee —
affinis Boh. , ; ?+ + a ie A irs hy os —
algoensis Pér. . : a eae A AGS ENT, uberis Chae rae ony —_—
ambigua Pér. . ‘ ate ta Mie Pelee see Me inige Uae) eee —
bavda Burm. oS +- < % a —_—
bohemaninn. . aa - + te + + —
boschimana Pér. . ‘ oe e: +R + —_
capensis Burm. . j ?+ “5 + Sal ---
carbonaria Boh. . + + Fe —

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA

ciliata Burm.
citima Pér .
clypealis sp. n.
comosa Burm.
compacta sp.n. .
confinis Pér.
consobrina Klug .
constvata Pér. .
continens Pér.
corvosa Burm.
crinita Brske.
damarina Pér.
debilis Burm.
deceptoy sp.n. .
dilucida Brske. .

disputabilis Pér.
dissensa Pér.
dissimilis Pér.
divulsa Pér.
durbana Pér.
effeta Pér.
elegans Pér.
fallax Pér.
fartula Pér.
fatidica Pér.
feivana Pér.
filiola Moser ‘
jimbriata Brske. .
fraudigera Pér.
frontalis Moser

geilenkeuseri Brske.

globa sp. n.
globator (F.)
gonaqua Pér.

gonaquoides sp. n.
gracilis Brske.

hybrida Pér.
ignava Pér.
increta Pér.
inedita Pér.
infarsa Pér.
inops Pér.
infans Pér.
infantilis Pér.

: + Cape Prov.

Dit tei ttt:

5 ee ce Se ee ees

> +44:

Natal

oe

ee oe

Ae se ps ide os Ne nia wee

++:

Orange F. St.

Pkg ra

Bechuanaland

es ae

> +: + S-W. Africa

Swaziland

S. Rhodesia

Port. E. Afr.

Transvaal

hia ae

++: D+ti t+: —

> +4

++:

DEJEAN 77

Other regions

Nyasaland.

ea ean

Grey 8 ae

Nyasaland.
Tanganyika T.

ae Fe: At

S.E. Belgian
Congo,
Tanganyika T.

78 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA

inostralis sp. n. .

inscita Pér.
insuesa Pér.
inverta Pér.
jovdani sp. n.
Rochi sp. n.
languens Pér.
laticia n. n.
lebidis n. n.

livada n. n.
livida Klug.
manicana Pér.

marginata sp. n.

matabelana Pér. .
mediastina Pér. .

mevacula Pér.

mimocontinens sp. Nn.

minima Pér.
minor sp. n.

natalensis Brske.

neglecta Boh.

nigricornis Burm.

noscitata Pér.
oblonga Boh.

ovampoana Pér. .

ovatula Brske.
parilis Pér.
pauperata Pér.
perforata Burm.

peringueyt Dalla Torre

perplexabilis Pér.
piceonigra sp. n.
profuga Pér.

pseudosquamifera sp. n.

puerilis Pér.

puncticollis Boh.

quaesita Pér.

vhodesiana Moser

votunda sp. n.
vufina Boh.
vugosa Brske.

rurigena Brske. .

vussula Boh.
saga Pér.

: +: + Cape Prov.

+ +4:

SHEL ED +i +:

er.

> ++

++:

Natal

ie aie: ua

> +444:

Orange F. St.

Bechuanaland

ie oa Ba

S-W. Africa

Swaziland

S. Rhodesia

+b

Port. E. Afr.

Transvaal

es wa

> ++:

oes

++:

++:

DEJEAN

Other regions

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 79

, a I
f we © 8 e &£
Soo ta. Q a
Fy ry d < a 3 : Other regions
_— one “— q
oO a2 fo ff 8 HA GD & HS
saginata Pér. - She —
salaama Brske. . ns a a Tanganyika T.
salisburiana Pér. oy oe + N. Rhodesia.
scabiosa Pér. 5 ; + at mr ae ae ae eds we ya —
spectabilis Pér. . ; cA eel ty eee tee pis) See Oe | ie ak —-
spuria Pér. : Aes tie Se pea ais a ee —
squamifera Wallengr. . Ane + st on + + “S Afr.”
squamosetosa Moser. aie ri ye te ae ae + “a Fr Os ATE
: N. Rhodesia,
stvaminea Pér. . ; me me TN Cea cae ee: ae an Nyasaland.
tvansvaalica Pér. ; ios re Eee + + ae + ae ae —
tumida (Cast.) “> a i - he ——
unicolor (Herbst.) + —
TanganyikaT.,
usambarae Brske. ; os ve se Le ey aS - ++ + | Syatland,
Zanzibar.
valida Boh. , : at + e+ WE Be as + iy: ie =
valvata Brske. . ; 2 au a's ue ze ae “a a ak eve eee
villosa Brske. . ‘ afc + ae is ce ae re is aie =
vryburgensis sp. Nn. : Se Snes ve Meta i, 0 heen) cake —_
windhoehensis sp.n. . bn . ae eS a er os aa —_
Total species: 49 27 ames @ ede 2 £29. sta) -37

BIOLOGY AND HABITS

Very little has been written concerning the life histories of these insects. Péringuey
made few comments, noting only that the species were crepuscular, or perhaps
nocturnal and that two of them, S. fartula Pér. (p. 126) and S. tumida Cast.
(p. 74) occurred commonly in the waste material found outside the galleries of
Hodotermes viator. He also recorded that these species were to be found at the
roots of bushes growing in the termite debris and suggested that it was probable
that many more than the two species he named had similar habits.

Some information on Schizonycha biology is obtainable from the reports on
economic entomology. Insofar as these refer to the species dealt with in this paper,
the following facts emerge. Adults of S. profuga Pér. (p. 167) have been reported
as damaging the fruit and leaves of fruit trees in N. Rhodesia. S. manicana Pér.
(p. 178) has been credited with damaging apple blossom in S. Rhodesia during
November.

Two papers by B. L. Mitchell (1946, Bull. Minist. Agric. (S. Rhod.) No. 1365 and
1946, Rhod. agric. J. 43, No. 6) refer to the species found in Southern Rhodesia
where tobacco plantations have been set up. Here it has been found that the

ENTOM. Q, 2. 7.

80 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

larvae are indigenous in the sand veldt surrounding the tobacco plantations and that
the adults fly mainly by night. Mitchell states that full-grown grubs are most
numerous during the first three weeks of January and that they pupate at the end
of this month. The pupae remain in the soil until some time during the rains
(November—April). Then emergence begins, but is stopped during the cold weather
from May to July, emergence restarting during August and September. He
estimates that a population density of 1,680 larvae per acre is sufficient to cause a
loss of 1% of a tobacco crop.

PREDATORS AND PARASITES

As with the life histories, hardly anything has been written about the enemies of
Schizonycha species. As far as predators are concerned, the only record relating to
a species from southern Africa is one in which a specimen of Bufo regularis is stated
to have eaten 147 specimens of a species of Schizonycha in four nights. (Power,
Jj. H., 1931, S. Ajr. J. of Sct. 28.)

The only available records of parasites of Schizonycha in southern Africa are those
given by Jepson (1939, Rev. Agric. Maurice, 105) who gives Campsomeris felina
Sauss., C. aureoloides Bradley and C. madonensis du Buy (Scolitdae) as infesting a
species of Schizonycha in Natal.

NOTES ON THE KEY TO SPECIES

The construction of a reliable key to the Schizonycha species of southern Africa
proved a most difficult task. To a practised eye the species are fairly readily
recognizable, but they seldom fall into groups which can be used in a dichotomous
key. For almost every pair of extreme variations of any character, a number of
intermediates exists. As a result the key contains more conditional clauses than
might seem desirable.

It would have been a comparatively easy exercise to make a key to males alone
as these do seem to be separable into satisfactory groups, but this would have left
the females to be determined by association or by direct comparison ; an undesirable
arrangement, particularly with species showing marked sexual dimorphism. As
there are some such species in the fauna of southern Africa, the following key ignores,
as far as possible, those characters which are known to be, or which it is thought
might prove to be of a secondary sexual nature. This has been done in the hope
that, where only one sex of a particular species is known at present, the other will
be equally identifiable by means of the key when it is found.

A few species show variation in a character which is normally constant within a
species. In cases where such a character has been used in the key, the variable
species has been brought out in more than one place in order to avoid losing an
otherwise useful means of group separation.

Some of the terms used in the key and in the descriptions accompanying it might
be clarified by a word of explanation here.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 81

“Weakly or feebly obtuse ”’ refers to an angle of between go° and 120°; “‘ Weakly
acute ’’ an angle of 70° to go° ; “ Strongly obtuse ’’ 150° or more ; “‘ Strongly acute ”’
60° or less.

The general surface of the insects varies from entirely smooth and shining to
rough and granulated. The intermediate stages are seen as a fine, more or less
irregular network of scratches or impressed lines over the surface, the deepening of
these lines producing the granulated effect. This type of microsculpture is referred
to throughout the present work as fine shagreening, sometimes with the qualifica-
tion that it is “‘ faint ’’, i.e. little more than fine scratches on the surface.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT

Throughout the work, the following abbreviations are used to indicate the location
of material upon which any given record is based.

B.M. (N.H.) : . British Museum (Natural History), London. N.B. This
abbreviation is only used when a series from one locality
is housed partly in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) and
partly elsewhere. If a record is based on material from
the British Museum alone, no locating abbreviation is given.

5.9. ; : . Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, Munich.
Div. Ent. . : . Division of Entomology, Pretoria.

SRA.S.R. . , . Department of Agriculture, S. Rhodesia.

mt ; : . G. Frey Museum, Tutzing b. Munich.

N.H.R.M. . : . Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm.

S.A.M. : ; . South African Museum, Capetown.

Univ. Halle : . Martin Luther University at Halle.

Z.M.B. F Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin.

Zoologiska Inst. Lund. Lunds Universitets Zoologiska Institution, Lund.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to express my thanks to my directors for their encouragement and assistance
in obtaining some of the material studied, to the following gentlemen for the loan
of material for study: Dr. A. J. Hesse (S.A.M.); Dr. K. Delkeskamp (Z.M.B.) ;
Dr. R. Malaise (N.H.R.M.); Dr. E. Haaf (F.); Dr. Per. Brinck (Zoologiska Inst.
Lund.) ; Dr. H. Freude (B.S.S.) ; Prof. Dr. J. O. Hiising (Univ. Halle) ; Mr. C. N.
Smithers (D.A.S.R.) ; Dr. A. Villiers, Museum d’Histoire naturelle, Paris.

I am also indebted to my colleagues, Miss C. M. F. von Hayek, Mr. E. B. Britton,
Mr. J. W. Balfour-Browne, Mr. E. A. Duffy and Mr. R. T. Thompson for their
advice and for their patient testing of the key to species.

Miss. von Hayek also helped by bringing material to England from the Paris
Museum and my director, Mr. E. O. Pearson very kindly made a critical examination
of the locality records given in this paper.

Text figs. I-9 were kindly executed by Mrs. C. A. O’Brien.

82

2 (r)

8 (7)

9 (5)

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

KEY TO SPECIES
Hind pronotal angles obsolete (Text-fig. 36); head with a transverse carina

across vertex, usually well-marked . , (2)
Hind pronotal angles sharp or briefly rounded, rectangular or obtuse (Text-
figs. 30, 37, 33) ; base of head with or without a transverse carina ‘ (15)

Black or pitchy ; posterior margin of pronotum without a distinct raised hind
border in front of scutellum ; anterior pronotal border evenly emarginate or
very slightly sinuate toward anterior angles. (Labral emargination strongly
obtuse ; upper ramus of all tarsal claws much longer than lower.) . (3)
Testaceous to castaneous; posterior pronotal margin with a well-marked
raised hind border in front of scutellum (except in S. ignava Pér. and S.
puerilis Pér.); anterior pronotal border sinuate toward anterior angles,
usually strongly so, anterior border and anterior border of hypomeron
usually continuing in a straight line when viewed from side (Text-fig. 36) . (4)
Broader species (13 X 8 mm.); lateral borders of elytra bearing bunches of
short, stiff setae from level of hind coxae to apical borders; anterior face
of clypeus without a median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ; punctures
of pronotal disc scabrose ; . saginata Pér. (p. 96)
Narrower species (12-5 X 6 mm.) ; lateral borders of elytra each with a single
row of outstanding setae from bases to apical borders; anterior face of
clypeus with a median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ; punctures of

pronotal disc annulate . ‘ ‘ . durbana Pér. (p. 97)
Anterior face of clypeus with a broad median gap in its row of setiferous punc-

tures ; labral emargination strongly acute (Text-fig. 16) . inedita Pér. (p. 98)
Anterior face of clypeus without, or with a very narrow median gap in its row

of setiferous punctures ; labral emargination rightangled or obtuse . ; (5)
Labral emargination almost rightangled (Text-fig. 17) . ; ‘ ‘ ‘ (6)
Labral emargination strongly obtuse (Text-fig. 19) ‘ ; ‘ (9)
Clypeal carina feebly arcuate; larger species (13-15 mm. long) ; " ‘basal hind

tarsal segment as long as second ‘ : : ‘ . feirana Pér. (p. 99)
Clypeal carina biarcuate (Text-fig. 23) ; smaller species (c. 10-11 mm. long) ;

basal hind tarsal segment shorter than second . (7)

Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae set with long and short, non-squamiform
setae ; pronotum with faint traces of micro-sculpture between coarse punc-
tures and with distinct micropunctures . , . transvaalica Pér. (p. 100)
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with large, squamiform setae as well
as fine, non-squamiform hairs; pronotum with fine, but distinct micro-
sculpture between coarse punctures, but without micropunctures ; (8)
Lateral borders of elytra with stiff, outstanding setae from bases almost to apical
borders ; scutellum punctate medially as well as laterally; pygidium not
abruptly incurved shortly before apex, more or less evenly convex in profile
ambigua Pér. (p. 101)
Lateral elytral borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to level of hind
coxae, setae behind this point minute ; pygidium much more strongly curved
near apex than elsewhere, not evenly convex in profile (Text-fig. 51)
languens Pér. (p. 101)
Anterior pronotal border sinuate laterally, but not or scarcely sloping obliquely
backward to anterior angles, anterior border and that of hypomeron not
continuing in a straight line when viewed from the side (Text-fig. 35) ; hind
pronotal margin without a raised hind border in front of scutellum . 3 4a{20)
Anterior pronotal border strongly sinuate laterally, anterior border and that of
hypomeron continuing more or less in a straight line when viewed from one
side (Text-fig. 36) ; hind margin of pronotum with a raised posterior border
in front of scutellum . ° ‘ : ‘ ‘ ° ‘ ‘ . ae

Io (9)

16 (15)

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Frontoclypeal suture biarcuate ; vertex of head with a well-marked transverse
carina ; setae on upper surfaces clearly visible; males with upper ramus of

tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower ; ‘ . ignava Pér. (p.

Frontoclypeal suture not biarcuate; vertex with a feebly-marked transverse
carina; setae on upper surfaces minute, inconspicuous; both sexes with

upper ramus of all tarsal claws much longer than lower . puerilis Pér. (p.

Impressed median area of prosternum setiferous (Text-fig. 6P) ; males with Eee
ramus of anterior tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower

Impressed median area of prosternum glabrous; males with upper ramus : of
anterior tarsal claws as broad as and longer than lower

Lateral borders of elytra with outstanding setae confined to between bases and
level of hind coxae ; metasternal episterna with conspicuous, white, squami-
form setae as well as non-squamiform hairs ; females with pygidium strongly

incurved for apical fourth (Text-fig. 51). : : languens Pér. (p.

Lateral elytral borders with outstanding setae from bases almost to apical
borders ; metasternal episterna with all setae fine and non-squamiform ;
females with pygidium feebly convex and with an elongate impression on
either side near apex, males with pygidium similar to that of female S. languens

bohemani n. n. (p.

Scutellum punctate medially as well as laterally ; pygidium in profile more
strongly curved near apex than elsewhere ; clypeal carina very feebly raised

infantilis Pér. (p.

Scutellum punctate laterally only; pygidium in profile evenly, sometimes
shallowly convex ; clypeal carina more strongly raised :

Intervals between coarse pronotal punctures set with micropunctures separated
by from six to ten diameters ; elytra with similar micropunctures between

coarse punctation . E < . Gisputabilis Pér. (p.

Intervals between coarse pronotal punctures with fine shagreening, but without
or with a very few, scattered micropunctures; elytra without noticeable

micropunctures . . parilis Pér. (p.

Hind pronotal margin with a raised posterior border which is uninterrupted
between hind angles; anterior tibiae bidentate externally or with third
(basal) tooth very feebly indicated (Text-figs. 41 and 42); metepisterna
bearing squamiform setae distinctly larger than those of elytra; males with
upper ramus of at least the anterior tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower

Without the above characters in combination

Prosternum in front of anterior coxae without setae near its junction with
hypomera ; vertex of head with a fine transverse carina which is without a
row of setae immediately behind it ; anterior face of clypeus reflexed medially
in some examples, but not vertically convex; males with length ratio of
the two apical spurs of the hind tibiae more than 2 : 1 (Text-fig. 49) ; mentum
without setae in pits along its basal border ;

Prosternum with setae in punctures on either side in front of anterior coxae
near junction with hypomera ; vertex either with a roughly and irregularly
raised transverse carina or, if with a clearly defined carina then with a row
of setae arising from immediately behind it; mentum with two long setae
arising from pits along its basal border (Text- fig. 6M) P :

Impressed area of prosternum between paramedian carinae glabrous ; pygidial
setae much longer on apical third of pygidium than elsewhere

Impressed median area of prosternum pubescent aes fig. 6P) ; pygidial setae
more or less uniform in length ' : . divulsa Pér. (p.

Intervals between pronotal punctures smooth ; upper ramus of all tarsal claws
shorter .and finer than lower in both sexes ; basal external tooth of anterior
tibiae almost completely obliterated, indicated by a slight, obtuse prominence

squamosetosa Moser (p.

83

102)

134)
(12)

(13)

IOI)

(17)

(19)
(18)

106)

107)

84 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

— Intervals between coarse pronotal punctures with fine, but distinct shagreened
microsculpture ; upper ramus of all tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower
in males, at least as long as lower in females; anterior tibiae with a small,
but distinct basal tooth.

[Because of this last character, S. inops Pér. appears in two places in the key
to species, despite the fact that its affinities are obviously with S. divulsa and

S. squamosetosa] . ; ‘ inops Pér. (p.

19 (16) Pronotum with distinct transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas (Text-fig. 32) ;
smaller species (up to 12°5 X 6-5 mm.)

— Pronotum without transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas ; larger species
(13 mm. long or more)

20 (19) Vertex of head with a clearly marked transverse carina and with a row of white
setae arising from immediately behind it; middle of abdomen devoid of
squamiform setae ; anterior tibiae without a trace of a third external tooth ;

squamiform setae of underside lanceolate : : . increta Pér. (p.

— Vertex of head with no more than a vague indication of a transverse carina ;
middle of abdomen bearing squamae, although more sparsely clothed than
sides; anterior tibiae usually with a feebly marked third external tooth ;
squamiform setae of underside obovate . 2 . gracilis Brske. (p.

21 (19) Hind angles of pronotum usually more or less rightangled ; larger species
(c.15 X 8 mm.); metasternal setae predominantly fine, long, non-squami-
form ; scutellum less closely punctate mediobasally than elsewhere ; clypeal
carina strongly raised . . ‘ frontalis Moser (p.

— Hind angles of pronotum obviously obtuse; smaller species (Ca. 13 x 6:5 mm.) ;
scutellum evenly and closely punctured ; clypeal carina very feebly raised

confinis Pér. (p.

22 (15) Posterior angles of pronotum approximately rightangled (Text-fig. 30) and
head narrowed from broadest point (a little in front of frontoclypeal suture)
to vertex ; vertex of head always with at least a trace of a transverse carina

—_— Posterior angles of pronotum obtuse, or if rightangled by an abrupt sinuation
of the lateral borders shortly in front of them (Text-fig. 34), then head not
narrowed toward vertex which is with or without a transverse carina .

23 (22) Black to pitchy; anterior tibiae bidentate externally with the two teeth un-
usually approximated (Text-fig. 41); punctures of upper surfaces bearing
broad, squamiform setae, obvious to the unaided eye

—— Testaceous to dark castaneous ; anterior tibiae tridentate externally or, if biden-
tate then with the two teeth normally separated (Text-fig. 42); punctures
of upper surfaces set with narrow, squamiform setae or with non-squamiform
hairs ‘

24 (23) Metasternum, episterna, hind coxae and abdominal segments set with long
setae, some of which, although not those on the median area of the abdomen,
are narrowly squamiform ; propygidium without short, broad, squamiform

setae in punctures immediately above pygidium peringueyi Dalla Torre (p.

— Metasternum, episterna, hind coxae and abdominal segments with short, broad,
squamiform setae in punctures, medially as well as laterally ; propygidium
with short, white, ee setae in punctures immediately above

pygidium. : . nigricornis Burm. (p.

25 (23) Hind pronotal margin with a distinct raised posterior border in front of scutellum
(Text-fig. 9) ‘
Hind pronotal margin without a ‘raised posterior border i in front of scutellum :
26 (25) Anterior face of clypeus convex vertically and with a median gap in its row of
setiferous punctures (Text-fig. 6c) ; labral emargination at least 90° ; lateral

borders of elytra with outstanding setae from bases to apical borders

algoensis Pér. (p.

108)

(20)

(21)

109)

IIo)

II1)

113)

(32)

(24)

(25)

114)

114)

(26)
(27)

115)

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 85

— Anterior face of clypeus vertically plane and without a median gap in its row of
setiferous punctures; labral emargination acute (Text-fig. 16); lateral
borders of elytra with outstanding setae from bases to level of apical border
of second abdominal segment . : ‘ . infarsa Pér. (p. 116)

27 (25) Mentum not strongly convex and with two or more e stiff setae arising from small
pits along its basal border cami 6m). [The pits are visible even if the
setae have been broken off] . (28)

— Mentum strongly convex and without any setiferous pits along its basal border (31)

28 (27) Setae on metepisterna, hind coxae and posterolateral parts of metasternum
minute, scarcely discernible ; head not sharply angled at vertex which is
without a transverse carina; males with antennae 9-segmented fallax (Pér.) (p. 117)

— Setae on metepisterna, hind coxae and posterolateral parts of metasternum
either long and fine or short and narrowly squamiform, readily visible in both
cases; head at least sharply angled at vertex, vertex usually carinate ;
males with antennae 10-segmented . : : : « (29)

29 (28) Labral emargination rightangled or very slightly acute ; "males with at least the
lanterior tarsal claws with the upper ramus shorter and much finer than the
lower and with the shorter of the two apical spurs of the hind tibiae straight
or evenly curved . : : : , : : - (30)

— Labral emargination strongly acute (c. 45 °); both sexes with the upper ramus
of all tarsal claws longer than the lower and with the shorter of the two apical
spurs of the hind tibiae abruptly curved near its apex (Text-fig. 50)

villosa Brenske (p. 118)

30 (29) Males with upper ramus of all tarsal claws much shorter and finer than lower
and with the Baa era of the hind tibial apical spurs c. 3:2. Female
unknown 5 ; . lebidis n. n. (p. 119)

— Males with upper ramus of anterior tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower, but
upper rami of middle and hind tarsal claws much longer than lower ; length-
ratio of apical spurs of hind tibiae more than 2:1. Female with upper ramus
of all tarsal claws longer than lower, with reduced wings and with squamiform
setae on the metasternum, metepisterna and hind coxae . debilis Burm. (p. 120)

31 (27) The “rugosa” group. S. rugosa Brenske (p. 122); S.valvata Brenske (p. 123) ;

S. elegans Pér. (p. 124) ; S.fatidica Pér (p. 124) ; S.indotata Pér.( p. 122) ;
? S. noscitata Pér. (p. 125).

32 (22) Posterior margin of pronotum set with long, upstanding setae similar to those
along lateral borders of pronotum, anterior and lateral margins sometimes
set with similar setae. (Species of moderate size, usually more than 13 mm.
long, but rarely exceeding 16 mm. in length; underside of thorax set with
long, fine, frequently yellow setae; upper ramus of all tarsal claws longer
than lower ramus ; outstanding setae along lateral borders of elytra usually

extending from bases to well behind level of hind coxae.) . (33)
cme Posterior margin of pronotum without ties tated setae similar to those
along its lateral borders . (36)

3 (32) Clypeus with a longitudinal median carina arising from upper anterior border
(Text-fig. 21); clypeal carina weakly angled medially; raised pygidial
border no thicker apically than along lateral margins ; d 5 = (34)
— Clypeus without any trace of a longitudinal median carina; transverse clypeal
carina evenly arcuate; pygidium with raised borders distinctly thicker
apically than laterally (Text- fig. 26) : . fartula Pér. (p. 126)
34 (33) Pronotum with long, outstanding setae along ee SP margin and posterior half
of lateral margins similar to those along posterior margin in front of scutellum ;
head less transverse (53 : 75), without a transverse carina across vertex and
not sharply angled at vertex ; prosternum in front of anterior coxae set with
setae near its junction with the hypomera and on the impressed median area ;
female . : ‘ ; ; . ; : ° crinita Brenske (p. 127)

86 A REVISION OF THE. SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

— Pronotum without long, outstanding setae along anterior margin and posterior

half of lateral margins ; head more transverse (at least 50 : 80), sharply angled

at vertex and sometimes with a transverse carina on vertex ; prosternum in

front of coxae without setae near its junction with hypomera and with

impressed median area glabrous or almost so; male and female . ; meer
35 (34) Lateral and apical borders of elytra fringed with outstanding, testaceous setae

from bases almost to apicosutural angles ; setiferous face of elytral epipleura

vertical along apical borders (Text-fig. 28); pygidium more transverse

(5:7); anterior border of pronotum forwardly arcuate medially (as in Text-

fig. 31) . : ; . dissensa Pér. (p. 128)
— Lateral borders of elytra fringed with outstanding setae from bases to at most

the level of the fifth abdominal segment, apical borders glabrous or with very

small, inconspicuous setae ; elytral epipleura inflected along apical borders

(Text-fig. 27); pygidium almost quadrate (58:60); anterior border of

pronotum not forwardly arcuate medially . : . tunicolor (Herbst.) (p. 129)
36 (32) Mentum with two or more long setae arising from small pits along its basal

border (Text-fig. 6m). The pits are visible even if the setae have broken off (37)
— Base of mentum smooth, without setiferous pits along its length . ‘ . (102)
37 (36) Anterior face of clypeus without a median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ;

labral emargination right-angled or obtuse ; upper ramus of all tarsal claws

longer than lower . : . (38)
— Anterior face of clypeus with at least a narrow w median gap in its row of setiferous

punctures, or if without a gap then labral emargination acute and upper

ramus of tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower . (54)
38 (37) Lateral borders of elytra with stiff, outstanding setae confined to between bases

and level of hind coxae. (Occasional specimens may have setae extending

as far back as the level of the first abdominal segment) ; small species, up

to 12-5 mm. long as a rule ; (39)
— Lateral borders of elytra fringed with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to level
of third abdominal segment or beyond ; size variable . : (44)

39 (38) Lower ramus of tarsal claws distinctly less than half as long as upper and often
directed almost at rightangles to upper (Text-fig. 13) ; elytral intervals with
more or less distinct shagreening between coarse neidatas. antennae 10-
segmented . : (40)
— Lower ramus of tarsal claws at least half as s long as upper and usually closely
applied to it; elytra almost or site smooth between coarse punctures ;
antennae 9- -segmented ‘ ‘ : . hybrida (Pér.) (p. 132)
40 (39) Metasternum, metepisterna and hind coxae set with broad, white, squamiform
setae, much larger than those of elytral punctures; pronotal punctures
distinctly asperose toward anterior margin , ’ mediastina Pér. (p. 133)
— Metasternum ,metepisterna and hind coxae set with setae which are scarcely
squamiform, if at all; pronotal punctures at most _—, vada along
extreme anterior margin ; (41)
41 (40) Setae along lateral pronotal borders scarcely half z as long as Maximum width of
anterior tibiae ; colour variable ; setae along lower face of hind femora short,
not extending over posterior edge of hind femora (Text-fig. 4 Siw (42)
— Setae along lateral pronotal borders almost as long as maximum width of
anterior tibiae; colour ferruginous; setae along lower face of hind femora
longer, extending well behind posterior edge of femora . insuesa Pér. (p. 134)
42 (41) Clypeal carina raised across median three fifths of head only ; colour variable
from castaneous to black; head more broadly truncated anteriorly (Text-
fig. 20) . (43)
—. Clypeal carina distinct as a ‘raised ridge or step from one 5 side of the head to the
other ; colour pale yellowish testaceous ; head much less broadly truncated
anteriorly E . : , : , , ' . puerilis Pér. (p. 134)

46 (45)

47 (45)

48 (44)

49 (48)

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 87

Pygidium almost plane vertically ; colour usually black . barda Burm. (p. 135)
Pygigium strongly convex vertically ; colour castaneous : effeta Pér. (p. 136)
Mentum distinctly concave ; colour testaceous to castaneous; size small to
moderate (11-14 mm. long) . . d ; : - (45)
Mentum almost or quite flat ; colour variable ; size variable : (48)

Relatively broader species (¢. 13-14 mm. X 7:5 mm.); clypeus usually with
a short longitudinal median carina arising from anterior edge and running
backward for about one third of the length of the clypeus (Text-fig. 22) ; setae
along lateral borders of acl a longer than maximum width of
anterior tibiae ; : : : ; ; - (47)
Relatively narrower species (IImm. X 5mm.) ; clypeus without any trace of a
longitudinal median carina ; setae along lateral borders of pronotum shorter
than maximum width of anterior tibiae . ; (46)
Lateral and apical margins of elytra finely, but strongly shagreened, discs much
less strongly sculptured ; anterior border of pronotum and that of hypomera
meeting at an angle when viewed from one side (as in S. puerilis, Text-fig.
35); both sexes with pygidium having an almost evenly convex profile
marginata sp. n. (p. 138)
Lateral and apical margins of elytra similarly sculptured to discs of elytra ;
anterior border of pronotum and that of hypomeron continuing in a more
or less straight line when viewed from one side (as in S. bohemani, Text-fig. 36);
male with pygidium much more strongly convex near apex than elsewhere ;
female with pygidium bearing a subapical tubercle windhoekensis sp. n. (p. 137)
Frons distinctly concave longitudinally ; head sharply angled at vertex ;
impressed median area of prosternum setiferous (as in Text-fig. 6P)
gonaquoides sp. n. (p. 140)
Frons convex ; head not sharply angled at vertex; impressed median area of
prosternum glabrous or with two or three setae along its anterior border
gonaqua Pér. (p. 139)
Colour usually black; intervals between coarse elytral punctures finely, but

strongly shagreened ; surface dull . é : : ‘ F : . (49)
Colour pale testaceous to pale castaneous; intervals between coarse elytral
punctures smooth or with faint, sometimes incomplete microsculpture . . (50)

Larger species (13-16 mm. long) ; female only ; punctures of pronotal disc small,
transverse, usually emarginate along their anterior border (Text-fig. 7) ; elytra
without outstanding setae along their apical borders . . rotunda sp. n. (p. 140)

—— Smaller species (10-12 mm. long) ; pronotal punctures relatively larger, almost

50 (48)

circular, not emarginate anteriorly re: 8); elytra usually with an

apical fringe of short, stiff setae . : . globator (F.) (p. 141)
Basal hind tarsal segment at least as a as pee a rae labral emargina-
tion obtuse, but obvious : "1 : ee (<9 |

Basal hind tarsal segment distinctly i heniat than Seeutid eer scarcely
emarginate at all. (Vertex of head not sharply angled and without a trans-
verse carina ; pronotum with a very narrow, raised hind border in front of
scutellum.) . ‘ : jordani sp. n. (p. 143) (Text-fig. 3)
Smaller species (9-11 mm. ional icivcens with a short, longitudinal median
carina arising from anterior edge; vertex of head at least sharply angled,
sometimes with a vaguely indicated transverse carina) clypealis sp. n. (p. 144)
Larger species (15-17 mm. long) : , : - (52)
Clypeus without a longitudinal median carina arising om a piedar ae hind
margin of pronotum with a raised hind border in front of scutellum; im-
pressed median area of prosternum in front of anterior coxae glabrous
damarina Pér. (p. 145)

88

53 (52)

54 (37)

55 (54)

58 (57)

59 (56)

60 (59)

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Clypeus with a longitudinal median carina arising from anterior edge (as in
Text-fig. 21) ; hind pronotal margin without a raised posterior border in front
of scutellum ; impressed median area of prosternum almost always setiferous (53)
Intervals between coarse elytral punctures finely shagreened, without noticeable
micropunctures ; labral emargination strongly obtuse ; apicosutural angles
of elytra not produced to form a minute spine . : . laticia n. n. (p. 148)
Intervals between coarse elytral punctures smooth, or with traces of incomplete
shagreening and with some scattered micropunctures ; labral emargination
almost rightangled ; apicosutural re of elytra slightly produced (Text-
fig. 29) : P . ciliata Burm. (p. 146)
Colour black to pitchy ; intervals between coarse pronotal and elytral punctures
finely, but strongly shagreened, surface not very shining; maximum size
about 16 mm. long; labral emargination usually acute, sometimes weakly
obtuse . ‘ ‘ ; P : ‘ - (55)
Without the above characters in ‘combination ; . » » 46%)
Labral emargination acute; lower ramus of all tarsal claws less than half as
long as upper ramus and divergent from it (as in Text-figs. 10 and 14) ; males
with length-ratio of apical spurs of hind tibiae at least 2:1 (cf. Text-fig. 49)
quaesita Pér. (p. 149)
If tarsal claws so formed and apical spurs of hind tibiae are with a length-ratio

of 2: 1 or more, then labral emargination rightangled or slightly obtuse . (56)
Labral emargination acute ; males with upper ramus of all tarsal claws shorter

and finer than lower ; : ; ‘ : 5 ‘ - (57)
Labral emargination 90° or slightly more ; males with upper ramus of all tarsal

claws longer than lower . ; - (59)

Elytral epipleura clearly marked from bases to ‘apicosutural angles ; ‘all, or
almost all setae of hind coxae fine, non-squamiform ; lateral borders of elytra
with outstanding setae from bases to level of third or fourth abdominal
segment ; elytra evenly punctured . (58)
Elytral epipleura progressively less clearly defined posteriorly beyond level
of third abdominal segment, absent from apical borders (Text-fig. 43) ; most
setae of hind coxae short, white and squamiform ; lateral borders of elytra
with outstanding setae confined to between bases and level of second ab-
dominal segment; elytra distinctly less closely punctured toward apices
than elsewhere , ; compacta sp. n. (p. 150)
Setae in discal punctures of pronotum and elytra white, squamiform, moderately
large, readily visible to the naked eye; metepisterna and sometimes metas-
ternum and hind coxae also, with a few large, squamiform setae
piceonigra sp. n. (p. 151) (Text-fig. 2)
Setae in punctures of pronotal and elytral discs minute, inconspicuous ;
metasternum, metepisterna and hind coxae with long, fine, non-squamiform
setae in punctures, no squamiform setae present ‘ } spuria Pér. (p. 152)
Most setae of metasternum, metepisterna and hind coxae and abdominal seg-
ments broad, white, squamiform ; clypeus without any trace of a longitudinal
median carina; lateral borders of elytra with long, outstanding setae con-
fined to between bases and level of hind coxae. pseudosquamifera sp. n. (p. 152)
Most setae of metasternum, metepisterna and hind coxae long, fine, non-
squamiform ; clypeus usually with a short longitudinal median carina
arising from anterior edge (as in Text-fig. 22) ; lateral borders of elytra set
with outstanding setae from bases to at least level of second or third ab-
dominal segment . ‘ ‘ ‘ : é . 5 . (60)
Larger species (13-16 mm. . long) ; female only ; punctures of pronotal disc
small, transverse, usually emarginate along their anterior border (Text-fig.
7); elytra without setae along their apical borders. . rotunda sp. n. (p. 140)

61 (54)

62 (61)

3 (62)

64 (63)

65 (63)

66 (65)

67 (66)

68 (66)

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Smaller species (10-12 mm. long); male and female; pronotal punctures
relatively much larger, almost circular, not emarginate anteriorly (Text-fig. 8) ;
elytra usually with an apical fringe of short setae . . globator (F.) (

Lateral and apical margins of elytra strongly shagreened between coarse
punctures, intervals on disc comparatively smooth. [Squamiform setae of
metasternum, episterna, hind coxae and abdominal segments much broader

and more conspicuous than those of pronotum and elytra] . livida Klug (p.

Lateral and apical margins of elytra similarly sculptured to discs

Labral emargination acute and most setae of metepisterna, hind coxae and
posterolateral parts of metasternum large, white, squamiform, conspicuous ;
head usually with a more or less clearly marked transverse carina on vertex
(not in S. abenaba sp. n.) ‘

If labral emargination acute then the majority of the setae in punctures of
metasternum, episterna and hind coxae are fine and non-squamiform ; vertex
of head with or without a transverse carina

Pronotum with a raised ridge along hind border in front of scutellum ; “males
with length-ratio of apical spurs of hind tibiae less than 2:1; upper ramus
of anterior tarsal claws not longer than lower

Pronotum without a raised hind border in front of scutellum ; males with
length-ratio of apical spurs of hind tibiae variable ; upper ramus of anterior
tarsal claws longer or shorter than lower . ; : : : :

Head with a distinct transverse carina on vertex; intervals between coarse
punctures of elytra smooth ; pygidial punctures deep, close, separated by
one diameter or less ; intervals between coarse punctures of pronotum almost

smooth ; ; ; salaama Brske. (p.

Head without a raised carina across vertex ; intervals between coarse elytral
punctures coriaceous ; pygidial punctures very shallow, sparse, separated as a
rule by several diameters ; intervals between coarse pronotal punctures with

distinct, though fine microsculpture , ; . abenaba sp. n. (p.

Anterior border of pronotum and that of hypomeron continuing in a more or
less straight line when viewed from one side (Text-fig. 5) ; males with length-
ratio of apical spurs of hind tibiae less than 2:1 and with upper ramus of

anterior tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower . tusambarae Brske. (p.

Anterior border of pronotum and that of hypomeron meeting at an angle when
viewed from one side (as in S. puerilis, Text-fig. 35) ; males with length-ratio
of apical spurs of hind tibiae 2 : 1 or more and with upper ramus of all tarsal
claws longer or shorter than lower :

Lateral borders of elytra with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to level of
hind coxae only :

Lateral borders of elytra with stiff, outstanding setae from bases almost to
apical borders

Intervals between coarse punctures on disc of pronotum smooth except for
micropunctures; anterior pronotal border forwardly arcuate medially,
evenly emarginate on either side from anterior angles to median arcuation

continens Pér. (p.

Intervals between coarse punctures of pronotal disc finely shagreened ; anterior

border of pronotum forwardly arcuate laterally behind eyes neglecta Boh. (p.

Larger species (15 mm. long or more) ; males with upper ramus of anterior tarsal
claws shorter and finer than lower and with length-ratio of apical spurs of
hind tibiae about 2:1; labral emargination weakly acute (75°-80°)

scabiosa Pér. (p.

Smaller species (12-13 mm. long) ; males with upper ramus of anterior tarsal
claws distinctly longer than lower and with the length-ratio of the apical spurs
of the hind tibiae more than 2: 1 ; labral emargination strongly acute (c. 45°)

89

p- 141)

153)
(62)

155)

156)

158)

160)

161)

(69)

go
69 (68)

75 (74)

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Membraneous lateral edges of elytra as wide as epipleura (Text-fig. 44) ;
propygidium transversely rugulose immediately above squamiferous apical
punctures ; pronotal intervals usually smooth except for micropunctures

mimocontinens sp. n. (p. 159)

Membraneous lateral edges of elytra much narrower than epipleura ; propygi-
dium with discrete, transverse punctures immediately above squamiferous
apical punctures ; pronotal intervals usually with fine and extremely faint,

reticulate microsculpture ‘ ; . kochisp. n. (p. 163)
Labral emargination distinctly acute ; posterior margin of pronotum with a

distinct raised hind border in front ‘of scutellum , oO)
If labral emargination acute, then pronotum without a raised hind border in

front of scutellum . ‘ ‘ we) BE}
Much smaller species (9-11 mm. ‘long) ; vertex of head withs. a clearly defined,

though fine transverse carina . > , ; F : ; : « ie
Larger species (more than 12 mm. es ; vertex of head with or without a

transverse carina . (73)

Pronotum with intervals between coarse punctures finely and faintly shagreened
and set with minute punctures separated by from about six to ten diameters ;
males with upper ramus of at least the middle and hind tarsal claws longer
than lower; setae in punctures of metasternum, episterna and hind coxae
fine, non-squamiform : é , inedita Pér. (p. 98)
Pronotum with intervals between coarse punctures smooth, shining, without
micropunctures ; males with upper ramus of all tarsal claws finer and dis-
tinctly shorter than lower; metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with
small squamiform setae as well as non-squamiform hairs matabelana Pér. (p. 163)
Lateral borders of pronotum distinctly crenulate when viewed from the side
(Text-fig. 38) ; colour variable ; tarsal claws variably constructed . (74)
Lateral borders of pronotum almost without crenulation except for a few
notches behind middle ; colour usually dark red-brown ; tarsal claws of both
sexes with upper ramus longer than lower on all legs puncticollis Boh. (p. 164)
Vertex of head sharply angled, but without a transverse carina; males with
upper ramus of tarsal claws slightly shorter and finer than lower ; head as in
Text-fig. 24 when viewed from above > ‘ ovampoana Pér. (p. 166)
Vertex of head with a raised transverse carina ; - males with upper ramus of
tarsal claws longer or shorter than lower; head with upper anterior edge of
clypeus and clypeal carina not approaching each other so closely as in
ovampoana Pér. . : (75)
Intervals between coarse punctures of pronotum and elytra smooth except for
micropunctures ; males with lamellae of antennal club a little longer than
funicle . ‘ . profuga Pér. (p. 167)
Intervals between coarse punctures of pronotum ‘finely shagreened ; intervals
between coarse punctures of elytra frequently with fine shagreening ested
males with lamellae of antennal club up to twice as long as funicle : . (76)
Raised hind border of pronotum clear and uninterrupted between hind angles . (77)
Raised hind border of pronotum partly obliterated by punctures toward hind
angles . ‘ ; ‘ ; » 78)
Upper ramus of all tarsal claws always longer than lower ; clypeal carina evenly
arcuate ; intervals between coarse elytral punctures usually finely shagreened;
antennae always 10-segmented ‘ : ; , ; citima Pér (p. 169)
livada n. n. (p. 168)
Upper ramus of all tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower; clypeal carina
angled medially ; intervals between coarse elytral punctures usually smooth
or almost so; antennae often g-segmented, or with the fourth and fifth
segments partially fused ; : ; ; . salisburiana Pér. (p. 170)

78 (76)

83 (82)

84 (83)

85 (83)

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Pronotum much less closely punctured on posterior half of disc than elsewhere ;
upper ramus of all tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower ; clypeus broadest
before frontoclypeal junction ; uselg, median area of prosternum in front

of anterior coxae glabrous : , spectabilis Pér. (p.

Pronotum more or less evenly punctured ; upper ramus of all tarsal claws
obviously longer than lower ; impressed median area of prosternum setiferous
(as in Text-fig. 6P) : ; : ‘ , : , :

Larger species (18-21 mm. long) ; pectoral setae sparse, shorter along hind
coxae than elsewhere ; colour usually very dark castaneous to fuscous

valida Boh. (p.

Smaller species (12-17 mm. long) ; all pectoral setae long and fine, densely set ;
colour usually pale testaceous to pale castaneous :

Smaller species (12-14 mm. long) ; labral emargination weakiy acute (c. 80°) ;
setae in punctures of pronotal and elytral discs relatively larger, narrowly

squamiform . : : ; ‘ . vryburgensis sp. n. (p.

Larger species (15-17 mm. long) ; labral emargination more strongly acute
(c. 60°) ; pronotal and) elytral setae cacti smaller and less conspicuous,

scarcely squamiform, e at all . : . rufina Boh. (p.

Labral emargination acute ; ae without a raised hind border in front
of scutellum

Labral emargination go° or more ; pronotum with or " without a ‘raised hind
border in front of scutellum : : ; : ; ; ‘

Clypeus shorter along midline than frons ; setae in punctures on posterior parts
of metasternum, metepisterna and hind coxae minute, inconspicuous ;

antennae 9g-segmented . : . straminea (Pér.) (p.

Clypeus at least as long as frons in midline ; most setae in punctures of posterior
parts of metasternum, metepisterna, and hind coxae long, conspicuous ;
antennae 10-segmented . ;

Underside of hind femora with posterior row of setiferous punctures approaching
apex less closely (Text-fig. 47); anterior border of pronotum and that of
hypomeron continuing in an almost straight line when viewed from the side
(as in S. bohemani, Text-fig. 36) .

Underside of hind femora with posterior row of setiferous punctures approaching
apex more closely (Text-fig. 46) ; anterior border of pronotum and that of
hypomeron meeting at an angle when viewed from the side .

Pygidium very closely and strongly punctured, punctures separated by less
than one diameter as a rule; pygidium more or less evenly convex when

viewed from above ; clypeal carina evenly arcuate . rhodesiana Moser (p.

Pygidium shallowly punctured, punctures separated by more than one diameter,
often by more than two diameters ; pygidium much more convex laterally
than across disc when viewed from above; clypeal carina bluntly angled

medially : ; ; manicana Pér. (p.

Outstanding setae along lateral borders of pronotum shorter than basal anterior
tarsal segment ; head between eyes across vertex relatively narrower com
pared with maximum pronotal width (70: 165) ; males with upper ramus of
anterior tarsal claws much shorter and finer than lower and with the shorter
of the two apical spurs of the hind tibiae more than half as long as and
narrower than the longer spur ;

Outstanding setae along lateral borders of pronotum longer than basal anterior
tarsal segment ; head between eyes across vertex broader in proportion to
maximum pronotal width (85: 165); males with upper ramus of all tarsal
claws longer than and as broad at base as lower and with the length-ratio of
the apical spurs of the hind tibiae more than 2:1, the shorter spur broader

gl

than the longer one ‘ ; ; : . ’ . constrata Pér. p. (179)

92
86 (85)

87 (81)

8 (87)

89 (88)

90 (89)

9I (90)

2 (91)

3 (92)

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Relatively more elongate species (14:5-I5 mm. Xx 7-5 mm.); third (basal)
external tooth of anterior tibiae well marked ; castaneous; eighth antennal
segment shining along midline, but matt along lateral margins

scabiosa Pér. (p. 161)

Relatively less elongate species (14-15 mm. x 8-8-5 mm.); third external
tooth of anterior tibiae feebly indicated ; colour pitchy-red ; eighth antennal
segment shining all over its exposed surface. : inostralis sp. n (p. 180)

Hind margin of pronotum with a raised posterior border in front of scutellum
(Text-fig. 9) ; vertex of head with a well-marked transverse carina ; intervals
between coarse pronotal punctures smooth except for micropunctures ; large
insects (c. 15 mm. X 8 mm.) . . profuga Pér. (p. 167)

Pronotum without a raised posterior border in front of scutellum, or if with a
raised border then head without a transverse carina on vertex; pronotal
intervals variably sculptured; size variable . ; (88)

Small species (105-12 mm. long) ; upper ramus of all tarsal claws shorter and
finer than lower; colour testaceous; most setae of abdominal segments
short, obovate, white, appressed, squamiform ; head strongly narrowed from
broadest point to vertex (95:75) . . , . gracilis Brske. (p. IIo)

Size variable ; upper ramus of middle and hind tarsal claws always longer than
lower ; if setae of abdominal segments in part squamiform, then narrowly
and pointedly so, not or scarcely broader than those of upper surfaces ; head
feebly narrowed from broadest point to vertex . ; - . (89)

Epipleurae almost obliterated along apical half of elytra, continuing in the
same plane as the lateral margins of the elytra, but distinguishable from the
latter by different surface sculpture ; approximately 14 mm. long

deceptor sp. n. (p. 182) (Text-fig. 1)

Epipleurae distinct from bases to apicosutural angles of elytra, set at an angle
to the lateral margins of the elytra; size variable. ; : ; . (90)

Colour pale yellow-testaceous ; small (9-11 mm. long) ; setae of metepisterna
and hind coxae minute ; anterior border of pronotum and that of hypomeron
meeting at an angle when viewed from the side (as in S. puerilis, Text-fig. 35) ;
males with the antennae 9-segmented and with the apices of the hind tibiae
produced into a curved spine (Text-fig. 48) ; ; . inverta (Pér.) (p. 183)

Without the above characters in combination : (91)

Small species (c. 10 mm. long); very dark red- brown in colour ; pronotum
without distinct, transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas; vertex of head
sharply angled and with a feebly raised, transverse carina. (Setae of hind
coxae short and appressed, but non-squamiform) ; . minor sp. n. (p. 184)

Larger species (11 mm. long or more) ; colour variable ; pronotum with distinct
transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas (cf. Text-fig. 32); head with vertex
angled or blunt, with or without a transverse carina . : (92)

Clypeus with a short, longitudinal median carina arising from anterior edge
(Text-fig. 21); species always more than 15 mm. long; anterior edge of
clypeus biarcuate ; intervals between coarse paisa of sais with micro-
punctures as well as traces of shagreening ‘ ; ; ~ on

Clypeus without any trace of a longitudinal median carina; anterior edge of
clypeus variable in outline ; size variable ; intervals between coarse elytral
punctures variably sculptured 5 ; . . ; ‘ , - (94)

Labral emargination almost rightangled ; lateral borders of elytra with stiff,
outstanding setae from bases to apicosutural angles ; punctures of pronotal
disc not asperose . ; ‘ . ciliata Burm. (p. 146)

Labral emargination obviously obtuse ; lateral ‘borders of elytra with stiff,
outstanding setae from bases to level of third abdominal segment ; punctures
of pronotal disc distinctly asperose . ‘ ‘ ‘ perforata Burm. (p. 185)

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 93

94 (92) Labral emargination approximately rectangular aes 17 and 18) ; species
more than 12:5 mm. long : : 777 4(95)
— Labral emargination obviously obtuse (Text- fig. 19) ; size variable : (98)
95 (94) Anterior border of pronotum straight medially (Text-fig. 39); head at least
sharply angled at vertex, frequently with a raised, transverse carina; size
larger (14°5-16 mm. long or more); pronotum not, or scarcely narrowed
from broadest point to base . ; . (96)
— Anterior border of pronotum forwardly arcuate medially (Text- fig. 31); head
neither sharply angled at vertex nor with a transverse carina across vertex ;
size smaller (13-15 mm. long) ; pronotum obviously broader near middle than
at base . abscondita sp. n. (p. 186)
96 (95) Lateral borders of elytra with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to level of
second abdominal segment only ; lower ramus of tarsal claws less than half
as long as upper and divergent from it (Text-fig. 10); intervals between
coarse pronotal punctures set with micropunctures as well as being finely
shagreened . ; : abrupta sp. n. (p. 181)
— Lateral borders of elytra set with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to level of
at least fourth abdominal segment ; lower ramus of tarsal claws not as in
Text-fig. 10; intervals between coarse pronotal punctures finely shagreened,
but without micropunctures . : er! 2 (97)
97 (96) Setae along lateral borders of pronotum (eaeee en peal eaters rare seg-
ment; males with upper ramus of anterior tarsal claws longer than lower
and eighth antennal segment shining over the whole of its exposed surface
capensis Burm. (p. 187)
— Setae along lateral borders of pronotum shorter than basal anterior tarsal
segment ; males with upper ramus of anterior tarsal claws shorter and finer
than lower and with eighth antennal segment shining along the midline of

its exposed surface, but matt along its lateral margins . scabiosa Pér. (p. 161)
98 (94) Vertex of head sharply angled, usually bearing a transverse carina; larger

species, usually more than 13 mm. long . : ; - (99)
— If head with a vente indicated carina across vertex, Nes size Sie ‘ha 12mm.

long. - (100)

99 (98) Raised borders ‘of peg Grodaes apically thas along pals (Text a 26) ;
intervals between coarse punctures of pronotum and elytra with fine, but
distinct and complete microsculpture ; males with length-ratio of apical spurs
of hind tibiae less than 2:1 and with lower ramus of tarsal claws at least
half as long as upper and closely applied to it . . . fartula Pér. (p. 126)

— Raised borders of pygidium as narrow apically as elsewhere ; intervals between
coarse punctures of pronotum and elytra with faint, incomplete shagreening,
or almost smooth except for micropunctures; males with length-ratio of
apical spurs of hind tibiae at least 2 : 1 and with lower ramus of all tarsal claws
less than half as long as upper and widely divergent from it (Text-fig. 10)

abrupta sp. n. (p. 181)
100 (98) Lateral borders of pronotum not crenulate for anterior fourth; lateral
borders of elytra set with outstanding setae from bases to at most the level

of the hind coxae ; clypeal carina sharp, more or less evenly arcuate « ALOT)
—— Lateral borders of pronotum crenulate from anterior to posterior angles ;
lateral borders of elytra set with outstanding setae from bases to apices ;
clypeal carina blunt, distinctly more strongly arcuate medially than

laterally . ; . boschimana Pér. (p. 189)
IoI (100) Anterior edge of syne deneea iedially (Text-fig. 25), more or less evenly
arcuate when viewed from above ; frons without any trace of a longitudinal

median carina . : i : , , geilenkeuseri Brske. (p. 190)

94 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

102 (33)

103 (102)

104 (102)

105 (104)

106 (105)

Anterior edge of clypeus not depressed medially; distinctly flattened
medially when viewed from above ; frons nckepe with a weakly indicated
longitudinal median carina . ; . meracula Pér. (p. 191)

Pronotum with a raised hind border which is “uninterrupted between hind
angles of pronotum ; anterior border of pronotum strongly sinuate toward
anterior angles; head strongly narrowed from ephpvsrs 08 junction to
vertex, which bears a sharp, transverse carina

Pronotum without a raised hind border in front of scutellum, or if with a
border then it is obliterated, or partly obliterated by punctures toward
hind angles of pronotum ; anterior border of pronotum evenly emarginate
or sinuate toward anterior angles ; head narrowed or parallel-sided from
frontoclypeal or to vertex which ie or oti not have a transverse
carina . :

Tarsal claws with ‘upper ramus at ‘most as long as ; lower ; most setae of
metepisterna, hind coxae and posterolateral parts of metasternum large,
white, appressed and squamiform, much larger than those of upper surfaces ;
setae on apical third of Are much longer than those elsewhere on its
surface ; inops Pér. (p. 108)

Tarsal claws witht upper ramus distinctly boing than lower; most setae of
metepisterna, hind coxae and posterolateral parts of metasternum long,
fine, subrecumbent, non-squamiform ; pygidium with very short setae in
all punctures citima Pér. (p. 169)

livada n. n. (p. 168)

Clypeal carina strongly arcuate ; posterior angles of pronotum sharply formed;
lower ramus of all tarsal claws at least half as long as upper and usually as
broad at base as upper ramus ; :

Clypeal carina straight medially or slightly bisinuati? posterior angles of
pronotum briefly rounded (Text-fig. 37) ; males with lower ramus of tarsal
claws less than half as long as upper and rae narrower at its base (as
in Text-fig. 14) inscita (Pér.) (p. 192)

Intervals between coarse viene of een’ and elytra finely, but
strongly shagreened ; surface dull; colour black to pitchy as a rule; head
not narrowed from a little in trout of frontoclypeal suture to vertex ;
vertex without a raised transverse carina and without a transverse groove ;
anterior border of pronotum evenly emarginate

Intervals between coarse elytral punctures almost or quite maiodit, ieictaes
shining, or if shagreened then colour testaceous to castaneous and head
with a transverse groove across vertex .

Some setae of metasternum, metepisterna, hind coxae ae sbdcasiagl seg-
ments white, squamiform, conspicuous; outstanding setae along lateral
borders of elytra extending from bases to, or almost to, apices; males
winged

All setae of chethabectiies: metepisterna, hind coxae ant sidonueal segntents
non-squamiform, inconspicuous ; outstanding setae along lateral borders
of elytra confined to between bases and level of hind coxae; both sexes
with reduced, non-functional wings globa sp. n. (p. 193) (Text-fig. 4)

Squamiform setae of the upper surfaces broad, conspicuous to the naked eye,
rounded apically ; squamifera Wallengren (p. 195)

Setae of upper surfaces small, iaceealiietias narrowly squamiform, not
rounded apically ; carbonaria Boh. (p. 196)

Pronotum with a raised hind lanier a in ive sh scutellum, or if without such
a border than anterior border of pronotum obviously sinuate toward
anterior angles

(103)

(104)

(105)

(106)

(108)

(107)

. (110)

I10 (108)

III (110)

114 (113)

II5 (112)

116 (110)

I17 (116)

REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 95

Pronotum without a raised hind border medially and with anterior border
evenly emarginate ; é - (109)
Labral emargination distinctly acute ; outstanding setae along lateral borders
of elytra confined to between bases and level of hind coxae ; metepisterna,
hind coxae and posterolateral parts of metasternum set with short, broad,
white, squamiform setae. : ; dissimilis Pér. (p. 197)
Labral emargination 90° or more ; outstanding setae along lateral borders of
elytra extending from bases to level of second or third abdominal segment ;
metasternum, metepisterna and hind coxae with all, or almost all setae
long, fine and non-squamiform . : saga Pér. (p. 198)
Head at least sharply angled at vertex, vertex either with a transverse carina
or with a transverse groove ‘ : ss APSE)
Head not sharply angled at vertex which is s without either a | transverse carina
or groove . : ». (516)
Derm pale testaceous to pale castaneous, ‘head and pronotum often slightly
darker than elytra; lateral borders of elytra with stiff, outstanding setae
confined to between bases and level of hind coxae, or if setae extend
backward beyond this point then size of insect smaller (less than 11 mm.
long) . : . ‘ : ‘ ‘ ; . 3: (222)
Derm dark pitchy- red ; lateral elytral borders with long, outstanding setae
from bases almost to apical borders ; species at least 12-5 mm. long
sd saaeadtias Pér. (p. 199)
Labral emargination shiiacte acute (cf. Text-fig. 16) . : ; . (113)
Labral emargination 90° or more. ee)
Intervals between coarse punctures of pronotum smooth, shining ; ; lateral
borders of elytra with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to within about
one third from apices ; small species (c.9 mm. long) matabelana Pér. (p. 163)
Intervals between coarse punctures of pronotum with fine shagreening;
lateral borders of elytra with stiff, outstanding setae confined to between
bases and level of hind coxae ; size variable . . : : ‘ « (LE4)
Smaller species (c. 10 mm. long) ; head with a transverse groove on vertex ;
males with antennae g-segmented and upper ramus of all tarsal claws
shorter and finer than lower; prosternum without setae on either side near
its junction with hypomeron i : . filiola Moser (p. 200)
Larger species (c. 12 mm. long) ; vertex a head sith a conspicuous transverse
carina ; males with upper ramus of all tarsal claws longer than lower and
with antennae 1o-segmented ; prosternum with a few setae on either side
near its junction with hypomeron ; : . dilucida Brske. (p. 201)
Smaller species (less than 10:5 x 5:5 mm.); elytra with intervals between
coarse punctures somewhat irregularly raised, but without definite micro-
sculpture ; anterior angles of pronotum not forwardly produced when
viewed from above . P : ‘ : . infans (Pér.) (p. 202)
Larger species (at least 11°5 x 6:5 mm.) ; seeryate between coarse elytral
punctures finely shagreened ; anterior angles of pronotum usually slightly
produced when viewed from above (Text-fig. 33) . . corrosa Burm. (p. 203)
Median gap in row of setiferous punctures along anterior face of clypeus
bridged by non-setiferous punctures. Arak fe
Median gap in row of setiferous punctures along ayieeion ae ae tenes not
bridged by non-setiferous punctures. ‘ ‘ . (118)
Small species (c. 9 mm. long); dark faccte upper Saitaces with large,
white, conspicuous, squamiform setae in punctures ; males with antennae
1o-segmented and with upper ramus of all tarsal claws longer than lower
minima Peér. (p. 205)

ENTOM. 9. 2. :

96 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

118 (116)

I2I (120)

122 (119)

123 (122)

124 (123)

125 (124)

_—_

Usually larger species (11-13 mm. long); pale testaceous; upper surfaces
with minute, inconspicuous setae in punctures; males with antennae 9-
segmented and with upper ramus of all tarsal claws shorter and finer than
lower affinis Boh. (p. 206)
Anterior border of pronotum forwardly arcuate medially as in Text- -fig. 31.
[Medium sized species—14-15 x 7-8 mm.—upper and lower rami of all
tarsal claws of almost equal length (Text-fig. 12)] . jfimbriata Brenske (p. 207)

Anterior border of pronotum not forwardly arcuate medially (119)
Intervals between coarse punctures of pronotal disc finely shagreened . (120)
Intervals between coarse punctures of pronotal disc not finely shagreened (122)
Outstanding setae along lateral borders of pronotum at least as long as
greatest width of anterior tibiae; posterior pronotal wai obviously
obtuse (121)

Outstanding setae along lateral borders of pronotum scarcely more than half
as long as maximum width of anterior tibiae ; lateral borders of pronotum
abruptly sinuate shortly before hind aneKe which are almost rightangled
(Text-fig. 34) natalensis Brenske (p.

Metasternum, metepisterna and hind coxae with fine, non-squamiform setae
in punctures ; males with upper ramus of all tarsal claws shorter and finer
than lower ’ russula Boh. (p.

Metasternum, metepisterna and hind coxae with large, white, squamiform
setae as well as some fine, non-squamiform hairs ; males with upper ramus
of all tarsal claws longer than lower perplexabilis Pér. (p.

Antennae g-segmented; males with metasternum, metepisterna and hind
coxae bearing long, fine, densely set, yellow setae in punctures ; postero-
median parts of metasternum as closely punctured as elsewhere

ovatula Brenske (p.

Antennae 10-segmented ; both sexes with some short, appressed, frequently
squamiform setae on metasternum, metepisterna and hind coxae

Smaller species (c. 10 mm. long) ; pale testaceous; males with lamellae of
antennal club about twice as long as funicle . fraudigera Pér. (p. 212)

Larger species (I2 mm. long or more) ; usually castaneous to piceous (except
for S. rurigena which may be lighter in colour) ; males with lamellae of
antennal club little longer than funicle (5: 4) ‘

Pronotum and elytra with punctures bearing minute, non-squamiform,
inconspicuous setae not longer than the diameter of a puncture; males
with upper ramus of all tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower ; posterior
angles of pronotum rightangled; lateral borders of pronotum sinuate
shortly in front of posterior angles (Text-fig. 34) natalensis Brenske (p. 210)

Pronotum and elytra with punctures bearing larger, narrowly squamiform —
setae, usually longer than the diameter of a puncture; males with upper
ramus of all tarsal claws longer than lower ; posterior angles of pronotum
obviously obtuse (125)

Lateral borders of elytra set with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to ‘apical
borders ; pauperata Pér. (p. 213)

Lateral borders of elytra set with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to level
of hind coxae, setae behind this point much shorter and more or less
appressed . rurigena Brenske (p. 215)

210)

209)

199)

211)

(123)

(124)

S. saginata Peér.

Schizonycha saginata Péringuey, 1904, p. 201.
Length 13 mm. Breadth 8 mm.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 97

FEMALE

Derm black, not strongly shining. Head with labral emargination strongly
obtuse ; anterior clypeal face vertically convex and without a median gap in its
row of setiferous punctures ; anterior edge of clypeus broadly truncate medially ;
clypeal carina moderately arcuate ; vertex with a strongly raised transverse carina ;
frons about one and a half times as long in midline as clypeus ; clypeal punctures
elongate ; frontal punctures asperose, each puncture bearing a small, squamiform
seta. Pronotum with anterior border evenly emarginate ; anterior angles obtuse
posterior angles entirely rounded ; lateral borders fringed with setae often longer
than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with a pair of transverse, subbasal,
impunctate areas, one on either side of midline, and a longitudinal median impunctate
space ; disc elsewhere asperoso-punctate, punctures bearing prominent, squamiform
setae ; intervals between punctures with fine shagreening ; posterior margin without
a raised hind border in front of scutellum. Scutellum transverse ; set with three
annulate punctures ; surface finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures each bearing
a prominent, squamiform seta similar to those of pronotum; intervals between
punctures finely shagreened ; lateral borders set with stiff, outstanding setae for
basal third, median and apical thirds set with bunches of short, stiff setae giving a
brush-like appearance. Pygidium annulate-punctate, punctures more closely set
basilaterally ; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae
with long, somewhat sparsely set setae. Abdominal segments with most setae
arranged in transverse rows, a few squamiform setae also present laterally. Legs
with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate externally ; basal hind tarsal segment a
little longer than second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus more than twice as long
as lower ramus and divergent from it.

MALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Bushmanland, Cape Province (S.A.M.).

The female type specimen is the sole example of the species known to me. I have
been unable to associate it with any male.

S. durbana Per.

Schizonycha durbana Péringuey, 1904, p. 219.
Length 12-5 mm. Breadth 6 mm.

MALE

Colour piceous—black. Head with labral emargination strongly obtuse; anterior
clypeal face vertically convex, with a moderately broad median gap in its row of seti-
ferous punctures; clypeal carina feebly arcuate; frontoclypeal suture clearly visible ;
vertex with a well marked transverse carina ; broadest part of clypeus little broader
than head across vertex; punctures of clypeus and frons closely set, irregular.
Pronotum with anterior border feebly sinuate laterally, anterior angles obtuse ;
posterior angles rounded ; posterior margin with a distinct raised hind border in
front of scutellum ; lateral borders with outstanding setae not longer than basal

98 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

anterior tarsal segment ; surface with transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas ; disc
set with annulate punctures of varying size and separation ; punctures more closely
set antero-laterally, each bearing a minute, white, squamiform seta; intervals
finely, but strongly shagreened. Scutellum impunctate ; transverse ; surface finely
shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by somewhat less than one diameter,
bearing small, white, squamiform setae; intervals finely shagreened; lateral
borders with outstanding testaceous setae from bases to apical borders. Pygidium
slightly transverse; set with irregularly spaced, annulate punctures bearing
minute, white, squamiform setae; intervals finely, but as strongly shagreened as
those of elytra. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae set with long, rather
sparsely arranged setae. Abdominal segments with scabrose punctures arranged in
transverse rows across middle of segments, rows obscured by the addition of more
punctures toward lateral margins; setae across middle of segments fine, those
of punctures toward lateral margins smaller, squamiform; intervals finely sha-
greened, more strongly so laterally. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate; basal
hind tarsal segment about three fourths as long as second; upper ramus of tarsal
claws about twice as long as lower and as broad at base.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 52 and 53).

FEMALE. Unknown to me. According to Péringuey, the female is very like the
male.

Type locality : Durban, Natal (S.A.M.).

'The male type specimen is the sole example of this species that I have seen.

S. inedita Pér.
Schizonycha inedita Péringuey, 1904, p. 210.

Length 10-12-5 mm. Breadth 5-5-5 mm.

MALE

Ferruginous. Head with labral emargination strongly acute (Text-fig. 16) ;
anterior clypeal face reflexed medially, not convex vertically, with a moderately
broad median gap in its row of setiferous punctures; clypeal carina arcuate and
frequently angulate medially; anterior edge of clypeus shallowly emarginate
medially, broadly rounded toward eyes; vertex with a well marked transverse
carina; head strongly narrowed from frontoclypeal suture to vertex; clypeal
punctures elongate; frontal punctures irregularly asperose; both frontal and
clypeal punctures bearing minute, pale yellow setae. Pvronotwm with anterior
border shallowly arcuate medially, strongly sinuate laterally ; anterior angles obtuse ;
posterior angles very strongly obtuse, sometimes obsolete ; posterior margin with a
raised hind border in front of scutellum ; outstanding setae along lateral borders
shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment; surface with well marked transverse,
sub-basal impunctate areas ; discal punctures coarse, sometimes slightly transverse
and with emarginate anterior borders, separated by from one to about two diameters,
slightly more closely arranged toward anterior border ; punctures bearing minute,

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 99

fine setae scarcely longer than the diameter of a puncture; intervals between
coarse punctures set with micropunctures and sometimes finely and faintly sha-
greened as well. Scutellum almost equilateral; annulate-punctate laterally ;
intervals quite strongly shagreened. FElytra with punctures separated by about
one diameter; intervals as on pronotal disc; coarse punctures each bearing
a minute, non-squaliform seta; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae from
bases to level of apical border of fourth abdominal segment. Pygidium transverse
(c. 4:5); punctures annulate and of very variable depth and separation, bearing
setae similar to those of elytral punctures ; intervals finely shagreened. Metaster-
num, episterna and hind coxae with long, fine, pale yellow setae in punctures ;
punctures, except on posteromedian metasternal area, separated by their own
diameter or less. Abdominal segments with sparse, setiferous punctures arranged
in transverse rows medially ; punctures more closely and less regularly arranged
toward and along lateral margins ; setae in punctures generally shorter than those
of hind coxae except for some on penultimate abdominal segment ; intervals almost
smooth. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate; basal hind tarsal segment about
three fourths as long as second segment ; tarsal claws with upper ramus as broad
at base as and longer than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 54 and 55).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male but with shorter lamellae to the antennal club.

Type locality : NE. Damaraland (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S-W. Africa: Zesfontein (S.A.M.) ; Kamanjab
(S.A.M.) ; Outjo (S.A.M.) ; Otjimbumbe (S.A.M.) ; Ombombo (S.A.M.); Kaoko
Otavi (S.A.M.); Narebis (S.A.M.); Beullesport (S.A.M.) ; Otjikoto Lake; Aba-
chaus, Otjiwarongo Dist. (B.S.S.) ; Unlocalized (Z.M.B.).

Total material seen : More than 26 examples.

The variation in the degree of obtuseness of the posterior angles of the pronotum
in this species has led to its appearing in two places in the key above. The form
with almost entirely obsolete hind angles to the pronotum appears to be uncommon,
but includes the type specimen.

S. feirana Pér.
Schizonycha feivana Péringuey, 1908, p. 699.
Length 14:5 mm. Breadth 7 mm.

MALE

Derm reddish castaneous. Head with labral emargination almost rightangled ;
anterior clypeal face reflexed medially, but not vertically convex ; clypeal carina
very feebly arcuate ; vertex with a well marked transverse carina which is slightly
arcuate when viewed from above ; frontal and clypeal punctures elongate ; intervals
set with micropunctures. Pvonotum with anterior border strongly sinuate laterally,
directed obliquely backward to anterior angles ; posterior angles entirely rounded ;
posterior margin with a distinct raised hind border in front of scutellum ; lateral

100 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

borders set with outstanding setae shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ;
surface with transverse, subbasal impunctate areas; disc set with transverse
punctures having emarginate anterior borders and separated by more or less their
own diameter; punctures more closely set elsewhere, especially anterolaterally
where they are slightly scabrose; setae in punctures minute; intervals finely
shagreened and set with micropunctures as on head. Scutellum somewhat broader
than long and closely punctured anteriorly ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened.
Elytra with punctures emarginate anteriorly and separated by about one diameter ;
punctures each bearing a minute, white seta; intervals slightly roughened and set
with micropunctures ; lateral borders with rather short, outstanding setae from
bases almost to apical borders. Pygidium transverse; set with rather shallow,
annulate punctures, separated by about their own diameter for the most part and
bearing minute, white setae ; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna
and hind coxae sparsely setose ; setae on anterior half of metasternum much longer
than those elsewhere. Abdominal segments with punctures arranged in more or
less regular transverse rows, most punctures bearing fine setae, but toward lateral
margins, some punctures bear short, squamiform setae ; intervals finely shagreened
laterally, punctures toward lateral margins asperose. Legs with anterior tibiae
strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment as long as second ; tarsal claws with
upper ramus slightly longer than lower and closely applied to it.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 56 and 57).
_ FEMALE. Unknown to me. According to Péringuey, it differs from the male as
follows: (a) The clypeus is not emarginate anteriorly. (b) The clypeal carina is
broadly triangular and the transverse carina across the vertex of the head is less
well-marked. (c) The pronotal punctures are ‘“‘ Variolose’’, the pronotal disc has
an abbreviated longitudinal median impunctate area and the subbasal impunctate
areas are less well-marked. (d) The elytral punctures are slightly more asperose.

This is an unusually strongly developed sexual dimorphism for a species of
Schizonycha. Unless the female is flightless, it is usually much more like the male
than is implied by Péringuey in the case of this species. On the face of it the
likelihood is that Péringuey described the female of quite another species as the
female of S. feirana.

Type locality : Feira, Zambezi River (S.A.M.).

The type specimen is the only example of this species known to me.

S. transvaalica Pér.
Schizonycha transvaalica Péringuey, 1904, p. 208.

Length 11 mm. Breadth 5 mm.

MALE

This species is very closely allied to S. feivana, but is smaller. It differs from the
latter species as indicated in the key to species and also in that the transverse carina
across the vertex of the head is more feebly raised and the fine shagreening of the
intervals between the pronotal punctures is stronger.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN IOI

Genitalia (Text-figs. 58 and 59).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male.

Type locality: Between the Zambezi and the Limpopo, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from : S-W Africa : Otjiwarongo (S.A.M.) ; Windhoek
(S.A.M.) ; Tsumeb (S.A.M.). Bechuanaland: Nata (F.).

Total material seen: 5 examples.

S. languens Pér. (Text-figs. 17, 23 and 51)
Schizonycha languens Péringuey, 1904, p. 234.

Length ro-5-11-5 mm. Breadth 5:5—6 mm.

In general appearance this species is very closely related to S. ignava Pér., but
differs from it as indicated in the key to species and also in the following respects :

The pronotal punctures are scabrose along the extreme anterior margin of the
pronotum only and the setae of the pronotal disc are hardly noticeable ; the raised
hind border of the pronotum is well marked medially ; the elytra are somewhat less
coarsely and closely punctured ; the squamiform setae of the metepisterna, hind
coxae and abdominal segments are much larger than those of the elytra ; the basal
hind tarsal segment is about two thirds as long as the one following.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 63 and 64).

FEMALE. Very like the male, but differs in having the upper ramus of all tarsal
claws longer than the lower. The body is broader than that of the male and the
pygidium is very abruptly and strongly convex at the apex (Text-fig. 51) instead of
being evenly and rather shallowly convex over the apical half.

Type locality : Bothaville, Kroonstad, Orange Free State (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Pretoria; Potschefstroom (F.) ;
Rustenburg. O.F.S.: Parys (F.). “Int. S. Afr.’”’ (no exact locality).

Total material seen : 23 examples.

S. ambigua Pér.
Schizonycha ambigua Péringuey, 1908, p. 681.
Length 10 mm. Breadth 5 mm.

MALE

This species is very closely related to S. languens despite Péringuey’s remark
concerning its relationship with S. puerilis and S. infantilts.

In fact it may hardly be separated from /anguens other than by the characters
given in the key.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 60 and 61).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Southern Rhodesia: Plumtree (S.A.M.).

Other materal examined from: Transvaal: Mooiplaats (F.).

102 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

The type specimen bears a note saying that the genitalia have been sent to
Raffray. Figs. 60 and 61 are drawn from the specimen in the G. Frey Museum,
Munich.

Total material seen: 2 examples.

S. ignava Pér.
Schizonycha ignava Péringuey, 1904, p. 234.

Length 85-11 mm. Breadth 5-6-25 mm.

MALE

Colour testaceous with head, pronotum and legs darker. Head with labral
emargination strongly obtuse ; anterior clypeal face moderately convex vertically,
with an entire row of setiferous punctures ; clypeal carina arcuate laterally, almost
straight medially; frontoclypeal suture biarcuate; vertex with a well-marked
transverse carina which is forwardly arcuate medially when viewed from above ;
clypeus and frons closely punctured ; frontal punctures more closely set than those
of clypeus, slightly asperose ; punctures of both clypeus and frons bearing small,
but distinct setae. Pronotwm with anterior border sinuate laterally ; anterior angles
obtuse ; posterior angles more or less rounded ; posterior margin with a raised hind
border which is almost obliterated medially; lateral borders with outstanding
setae a little shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with well marked
transverse, subbasal impunctate areas; surface set with setiferous punctures,
obviously asperose anteriorly and on two mediolateral areas, feebly asperose else-
where ; punctures variably spaced, sometimes separated by less than one diameter,
bearing conspicuous, slightly squamiform setae; intervals finely shagreened.
Scutellum transverse (3:5); coarsely punctate laterally, punctures bearing setae
similar to those of pronotum ; intervals finely shagreened. El ytva with punctures
separated by about their own diameter, each bearing a squamiform seta similar to
those of pronotum; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to
about halfway from bases, fringed thence to apicosutural angles with minute setae
much smaller than on elytral surfaces. Pygidium transverse, punctures bearing
setae slightly smaller than those of elytra ; intervals finely shagreened, less strongly
so toward apex. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with long, rather coarse,
sparsely set setae ; episterna with a few, short, squamiform setae present as well ;
intervals between punctures frequently greater than their diameter and finely
shagreened. Abdominal segments with punctures more closely set laterally than
medially, asperose, some bearing short, squamiform setae similar to those of elytra ;
intervals finely shagreened laterally, less strongly so toward midline. Legs with
anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment very slightly shorter
than second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus shorter than lower on anterior legs,
longer on middle and hind legs.

Genitalia (Text-fig. 62).

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 103

FEMALE. Unknown.
Type locality : Lydenburg, Transvaal (S.A.M.).
This species is known to me from the type specimen alone.

S. bohemani n. n.
Schizonycha bohemani n. n. pro.
Schizonycha affinis Péringuey (nec Boheman), 1904, p. 233.

Length 12-14 mm. Breadth 5-5-6 mm.

MALE

Colour pale testaceous with head and pronotum slightly darker. Head with
labral emargination strongly obtuse ; anterior clypeal face feebly convex vertically
and with an almost complete row of setiferous punctures along it ; clypeal carina
and frontoclypeal suture biarcuate ; basal cephalic carina strongly raised, forwardly
arcuate when viewed from above ; clypeus and frons variably punctured, punctures
transverse. Pronotum (Text-fig. 36) with anterior border sinuate, anterior angles
directed obliquely backward ; hind margin with a raised posterior border in front
of scutellum ; setae in lateral borders slightly longer than basal anterior tarsal
segment ; surface set with irregularly spaced, transversely crescentic punctures,
frequently separated by more than their own transverse diameter on disc, more
closely set laterally, narrowly scabrose along anterior margin; each puncture
bearing a minute seta; intervals finely shagreened and with scattered minute
punctures as well; transverse, impunctate, subbasal areas narrow. Scutellum
slightly broader than long, closely punctate laterally, setae in punctures as on
pronotum ; median area impunctate. Elytra with punctures separated by some-
what more than their own diameter, feebly asperose and bearing minute setae ;
lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to apicosutural angles, setae
very small along apical fourth of elytra ; intervals between coarse elytral punctures
almost smooth. Pygidium quadrate to elongate, much more strongly convex at
apex than elsewhere ; surface irregularly punctured, punctures often faintly marked,
usually separated by more than their own diameter and each bearing a minute seta ;
intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae set with non-
squamiform setae, longest along anterior metasternal margin; punctures usually
separated by their own diameter or more ; intervals finely shagreened, more obviously
so on episterna and hind coxae. Abdominal segments sparsely punctured, especially
medially, some punctures bearing long, outstanding setae, others equipped with
short, subrecumbent hairs; intervals with fine shagreening laterally, becoming
obsolete toward midline. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate externally ;
basal hind tarsal segment somewhat shorter than second (6:7); upper ramus of
anterior tarsal claws shorter and finer than lower, upper ramus of middle and hind
claws longer than lower.

Genitalia (Text-Figs. 65 and 66).

FEMALE. Has the upper ramus of the anterior tarsal claws longer than the lower
and the pygidium is evenly and rather shallowly convex and bears a shallow,

104 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

elongate fovea on each side near the apex. The lamellae of the antennal club are
shorter in the female than in the male.

Type locality : Péringuey gives the following localities as the habitat range of
this species : Cape Province: Kimberley. Orange Free State: Bothaville. Trans-
vaal: Rustenburg; Lydenburg. Southern Rhodesia: Bulawayo; Salisbury.

Material examined from : Cape Province: Kimberley. Transvaal: Sabie Ridge ;
Potchefstroom (F.); Johannesburg (F.). S-W. Africa: Hoffnung; Abachaus,
Otjiwarongo dist. (B.S.S.).. Bechuanaland: Gaberones (F.); Francistown (F.) ;
Ngami (F.). S. Rhodesia: Salisbury ; Umtali; Lomagundi (D.A.S.R.) ; Maduke-
Manguendi (D.A.S.R.).

The misinterpretation of S. afinis Boheman by Péringuey is treated on page 207
of the present work.

Total material seen : 52 examples.

S. infantilis Pér.
Schizonycha infantilis Péringuey, 1904, p. 207.

Length 10-11 mm. Breadth 5 mm.

MALE

Derm pale testaceous with head and pronotum somewhat darker. Head with
labral emargination very strongly obtuse ; anterior clypeal face vertically plane, its
row of setiferous punctures entire ; clypeal carina biarcuate, feebly raised ; fronto-
clypeal suture overlain by clypeal carina; transverse carina across vertex sharp,
somewhat depressed medially ; clypeal and frontal punctures discrete, those of frons
sometimes transverse. Pronotum similar in outline to that of S. feirana (p. 99),
but with impuncate, subbasal areas smaller and with intervals between coarse
punctures finely shagreened but without micropunctures. Elytra with punctures
separated by slightly less than their diameter, bearing minute, scarcely squamiform
setae; intervals between coarse punctures slightly roughened or very faintly
shagreened ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae for basal three fourths,
setae becoming progressively shorter toward apices. Pygidium quadrate to trans-
verse ; variably punctate, sometimes very closely punctured ; intervals sometimes
less than one diameter and finely shagreened ; punctures bearing minute, scarcely
squamiform setae. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with long, rather
sparsely arranged setae in punctures and sometimes with a few, shorter setae on
epimera ; intervals faintly shagreened toward lateral margins. Abdominal segments
with punctures separated by more than one diameter, bearing short setae medially
and shorter, appressed setae laterally ; intervals finely shagreened. Legs with
anterior tibiae strongly tridentate, first and second teeth very long; basal hind
tarsal segment a little shorter than second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus distinctly
longer than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 69 and 70).

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 105

FEMALE. Uncertain, probably very similar to male.

Type locality : Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Pretoria (Div. Ent.). Natal:
Pienaars River; Weenen. S. Rhodesia: Salisbury (B.M. (N.H.), B.S.S. and
D.A.S.R.) ; Umtali; “ South of Bulawayo”; Victoria Falls; Mtoko ; Lomagundi
(D.A.S.R.) ; Virginia Estate (D.A.S.R.).

Also: “‘ Narygas’”’ and ‘‘ Cape Rawstone ”’ (S.A.M.)

Total material seen: 24 examples.

S. disputabilis Pér.
Schizonycha disputabilis Péringuey, 1904, p. 209.
Length 9 mm. Breadth 4-5 mm.

MALE

This species is very closely related to S. parilis Per. (p. 105), differing from it
principally in the respect referred to in the key to species. Also the pronotum of
parilis is usually more closely punctate and the pygidium is relatively larger and
slightly more strongly curved horizontally.

Genitalia (Text-fig. 71).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Middle Limpopo, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S-W. Africa: Grootfontein (S.A.M.).

Total material seen : 2 examples.

S. parilis Pér.
Schizonycha parilis Péringuey, 1904, p. 208.
Length 10-5-11 mm. Breadth 5-5:25 mm.

MALE

Testaceous. Head with labral emargination strongly obtuse ; anterior clypeal
face vertically plane, with an uninterrupted row of setiferous punctures along it ;
clypeal carina slightly bisinuate ; frontoclypeal suture not strongly marked ; trans-
verse carina on vertex clearly marked, forwardly arcuate medially when viewed
from above ; clypeal punctures elongate ; frontal punctures more or less irregular
in outline. Pronotum with anterior border strongly sinuate laterally, directed
obliquely backward to anterior angles; posterior margin with a distinct raised
hind border in front of scutellum ; lateral borders with outstanding setae as long as
basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with indistinctly marked transverse, subbasal
impunctate areas ; disc set with transverse punctures each containing an M-shaped
groove and bearing a minute seta; punctures on disc separated by more or less
their own diameter, more closely set toward anterior margin ; intervals between
punctures finely shagreened. Scutellum transverse ; laterally punctate ; intervals

106 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by their own diameter on disc,
each bearing a minute seta similar to those in pronotal punctures ; intervals between
punctures finely and rather irregularly sculptured ; lateral borders set with stiff,
outstanding setae from bases to apicosutural angles, setae becoming shorter toward
apices. Pygidium transverse ; shallowly convex; punctures separated by about
their own diameter or less toward lateral margins, less closely set toward midline,
leaving an almost impunctate, longitudinal median space; punctures bearing
minute setae similar to those of elytra ; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum,
episterna and hind coxae sparsely setose, setae on metasternum longer than those
elsewhere; intervals between punctures smooth. Abdominal segments with
punctures more closely set and somewhat asperose toward lateral margins ; punctures
bearing recumbent or appressed setae of varying lengths; intervals very finely and
faintly shagreened; last abdominal segment feebly convex longitudinally. Legs
with anterior tibiae tridentate, basal tooth clearly indicated although less prominent
than median tooth; basal hind segment about five eighths as long as second ;
tarsal claws with upper ramus distinctly longer than and as broad at base as lower
ramus.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 72 and 73).

FEMALE : almost indistinguishable from the male except for the clypeus which is
semicircular in outline and not flattened medially as it is in the male.

Type locality : Enkeldoorn, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Marandellas; Salisbury. Trans-
vaal: Middelfontein, nr. Nylstroom.

Total material seen : 15 examples.

S. divulsa Pér.
Schizonycha divulsa Péringuey, 1904, p. 249.
I1-5-12 mm. Breadth 5-5 mm.

MALE

Derm testaceous with head and pronotum slightly darker. Head with labral
emargination very slightly acute ; anterior clypeal face slightly reflexed medially,
almost plane vertically, gap in its row of setiferous punctures broad, sometimes
partly bridged by non-setiferous punctures; clypeal carina arcuate, somewhat
flattened medially ; frontoclypeal suture clearly visible ; basal cephalic carina fine ;
clypeal punctures with internal margins raised; frontal punctures with anterior
margins tuberculate. Pvronotum with anterior border strongly sinuate, anterior
angles directed obliquely backward ; posterior margin with an entire raised hind
border ; posterior angles very briefly rounded; lateral borders set with setae
distinctly shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment; subbasal, transverse, im-
punctate areas clearly marked; discal punctures scattered, containing M- or M-
shaped grooves and bearing pointed, slightly squamiform setae about twice as long
as diameter of punctures; punctures scabrose anteriorly and anterolaterally ;
intervals finely shagreened. Scutellum transverse to quadrate ; punctate laterally

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 107

and apically, punctures almost annulate, bearing setae as on pronotum ; intervals
finely shagreened. Elyira with punctures separated by slightly less than one
diameter, bearing narrow, slightly squamiform setae a little longer than diameter
of punctures ; intervals between punctures finely shagreened ; lateral borders with
stiff, outstanding setae from bases to apical margins, becoming more sparsely
arranged toward apices. Pygidium slightly transverse, strongly convex ; annulate-
punctate, separation of punctures usually by more than one diameter, especially
apically, punctures bearing short, outstanding setae; intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with setae or squamae in punctures, squamae
much larger than those of upper surfaces ; episterna (except for anterior margin)
and hind coxae almost entirely set with squamae ; metasternum with fine setae
anteriorly, with large squamiform setae elsewhere. Abdominal segments, except
for a narrow, longitudinal median area, setoso-punctate, most setae squamiform
and more than twice as long as the diameter of their punctures ; intervals finely
shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae showing only a faintly marked third, basal
external tooth; basal hind tarsal segment two thirds as long as second; tarsal
claws with upper ramus about half as broad at base as lower and somewhat shorter.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 74 and 75).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Rustenburg, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Barberton. Péringuey gives
Sebakwe, S. Rhodesia, as a locality for this species.

Total material seen: 2 examples.

S. squamosetosa Moser
Schizonycha squamosetosa Moser, 1921, p. 61.

Length 10-5-11'5 mm. Breadth 5-5-5 mm.

MALE

Derm testaceous. Head with labral emargination acute; anterior clypeal face
reflexed medially, gap in its row of setiferous punctures rather narrow; clypeal
carina strongly arcuate; frontoclypeal suture as in S. matabelana Pér. (p. 163) ;
basal cephalic carina sharp, clearly marked ; clypeal punctures elongate, internal
margins sharply impressed ; frontal punctures with their anterior borders tubercu-
late, less strongly so than in S. matabelana. Pronotum with anterior border strongly
sinuate, sloping obliquely backward toward anterior angles ; posterior margin with
an entire raised hind border ; serrate lateral borders set with setae a little shorter
than basal anterior tarsal segment ; impunctate, transverse, subbasal areas well
marked ; discal punctures shallow, containing f)-shaped grooves, bearing narrow,
squamiform setae about twice as long as the diameter of a puncture; pronotal
punctures progressively more tuberculate toward anterior margin ; intervals smooth.
Scutellum almost equilateral; lateral margins annulate-punctate, punctures with
setae as on pronotum; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Elytra with

108 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

punctures separated by about their own diameter, bearing squamiform setae similar
to those of pronotum ; intervals almost smooth ; lateral borders set with setae of
varying length, some near shoulders very long. Pygidium transverse; strongly
convex vertically, flat mediobasally, strongly rounded laterally ; annulate-punctate,
punctures separated by more or less one diameter on disc, often by less toward
basilateral angles, punctures bearing short, outstanding, slightly squamiform setae
for basal two thirds, setae elsewhere longer, non-squamiform ; intervals finely
shagreened. _Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with squamiform setae in
punctures much larger than those of upper surfaces, replaced in some instances on
anterior parts of metasternum by testaceous, non-squamiform setae. Abdominal
segments setoso-punctate, punctures separated by more than one diameter as a rule,
even, laterally ; setae in punctures becoming more markedly squamiform toward
lateral margins ; intervals finely but faintly shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae
having at most a feebly indicated third external tooth ; basal hind tarsal segment
three fifths as long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus about half as broad
at base as lower and distinctly shorter.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 76 and 77).

FEMALE. Similar to male but the antennal club is relatively shorter, the pygidium
is concave mediobasally and the basal hind tarsal segment is five sixths as long as
the second segment.

Type locality : S. Africa (Dr. Penther) (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined: A single female with the same data as the holotype.
(Z.M.B.) and S. Rhodesia: Marandellas (D.A.S.R.).

Total material seen: 3 examples.

Note: The genitalia of the type, presumably dissected by Moser, are unusual,
being relatively much larger than normal and much darker than might be expected
in a pale specimen ; also they are very different from any other known south African
species.

S. inops Pér. (Text-fig. 49)
Schizonycha inops Péringuey, 1904, p. 250.
Length 11-13 mm. Breadth 5-6 mm.

MALE

This species is extremely closely related to S. sguamosetosa Moser (p. 107), differing
from it as explained in the key to species.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 78 and 79).

FEMALE. Differs from the male by being broader, having the length ratio of the
apical spurs of the hind tibiae less than 2: 1, by the shorter lamellae of the antennal
club and by the upper and lower ramus of all the tarsal claws being relatively shorter.

Type Locality : Omuramba-Uamatako, Ovamboland (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Bechuanaland: Gaberones (F.). S. Rhodesia :
Sebakwe (S.A.M.).

Total material seen: 6 examples.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 109

S. increta Pér.
Schizonycha increta Péringuey, 1904, p. 248.
Length 12-1325 mm. Breadth 6-7 mm. (After Péringuey.)

MALE

Derm testaceous with head and pronotum castaneous. Head with labral emargina-
tion acute; anterior clypeal face vertically convex, gap in its row of setiferous
punctures moderate ; clypeal carina straight medially, almost overlying fronto-
clypeal suture, angled and running obliquely backward laterally ; basal cephalic
carina well marked, with a row of small, white setae arising from immediately behind
it; clypeal punctures elongate, bearing small, white setae, more conspicuous
laterally ; frontal punctures slightly asperose, their antero-internal borders feebly
raised, bearing larger squamiform setae than clypeal punctures. Pronotwm (Text-
fig. 32) with anterior border feebly sinuate laterally ; hind margin with an entire
raised posterior border; lateral borders set with setae a little shorter than basal
anterior tarsal segment ; surface with prominent, transverse, subbasal impunctate
areas ; disc with variably spaced, almost annulate punctures, asperose along anterior
and lateral margins; punctures bearing white, squamiform, pointed setae, larger
than those of frons and becoming even larger toward lateral margins; intervals
between punctures finely and very faintly shagreened. Scutellum slightly trans-
verse ; closely punctate, punctures bearing setae similar to those of pronotum ;
intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Elytra, with punctures separated by almost
smooth intervals of more or less one diameter and bearing setae similar to those on
pronotal disc ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases almost to
apicosutural angles, setae long from bases to level of hind coxae, much shorter
thence to apical borders. Pygidium slightly transverse ; feebly convex ; punctures
variably spaced, closer basally, bearing setae similar to those of elytral disc, but often
a little narrower ; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind
coxae with punctures bearing either long, yellowish hairs or larger, squamiform setae
obviously larger than those on elytra; squamae largely confined to episterna, lateral
metasternal areas and extreme lateral margins of hind coxae. Abdominal segments
progressively more closely punctate toward lateral borders; setae in punctures
broader and more squamiform toward lateral borders; intervals almost smooth
except along lateral margins. Legs with anterior tibiae bidentate; basal hind
tarsal segment four fifths as long as the one following ; upper ramus of all tarsal
claws shorter and more slender than lower, claws shallowly cleft.

Genitalia (Text-fig. 80). (After Péringuey.)

FEMALE. Very similar to male but with the lamellae of the antennal club shorter,
the basal segment of the hind tarsi as long as the second and the apical abdominal
segment strongly convex laterally where it embraces the lateral borders of the
pygidium.

Type locality: Péringuey gives Lourengo-Marques and Beira as localities for
this species. The example sent to me and labelled as “Type” in Péringuey’s
hand is labelled ‘“‘ Delagoa Bay’’. (= Lourenco-Marques) (S.A.M.).

110 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Other material examined from: Port E. Africa: Zandemela (S.A.M.).

Total material seen: 3 examples.

The type specimen referred to above is a male, but no longer has any genitalia.
They were presumably removed by Péringuey to have them illustrated. Text-fig.
80 in this paper is a copy of the illustration labelled by Péringuey as being of the
male genitalia of S. increta. I have recently received material from Portuguese East
Africa, externally indistinguishable from Péringuey’s type specimen, but which has
male genitalia so different from the illustration given by Péringuey that I hesitate
to name it as S. increta without reserve. It may be that two species are involved,
but as there is no external evidence to support this view, I have provisionally
assigned the material to Péringuey’s species and reproduce a drawing of the genitalia
of the new material, face view and profile, next to the copy of the genitalia illustrated
by Péringuey. (Text-figs. 81 and 82.)

The data attached to the new material is as follows: 1 male Lourenco-Marques
Oct. 1956 (A. J. Barbosa). 1 female Matola Dec. 1954 (A. J. Barbosa).

Matola is in the north of Portuguese East Africa and would seem to indicate that
S. increta may well be an East African species that is sometimes found south of the
Zambesi.

S. gracilis Brske.

Schizonycha gracilis Brenske, 1898, p. 368.

Schizonycha gracilis Brske., Moser, 1918, p. 241.
Schizonycha microps Brenske, 1898, p. 376 (syn. nov.).
Schizonycha paupercula Péringuey, 1904, p. 235 (Syn. nov.).
Schizonycha paupercula Pér., Burgeon, 1946, p. 253.
Schizonycha imparilis Moser, 1914, p. 266.

Schizonycha imparilis Moser, 1918, p. 241.

Length 11-12°5 mm. (Burgeon 8-10 mm.). Breadth 5-5-5 mm.

MALE

Derm pale testaceous. Head with labral emargination rightangled or very slightly
acute ; anterior clypeal face not usually convex vertically, with or without a narrow
median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ; anterior edge of clypeus more or less
straight medially, oblique laterally ; clypeal carina weakly arcuate, but distinct
from frontoclypeal suture ; vertex without a transverse carina; clypeal punctures
close-set, but shallow, their antero-internal borders only being sharply formed ;
frontal punctures asperose ; clypeal and frontal punctures bearing small, white,
narrowly squamiform setae; head between eyes strongly narrowed from fronto-
clypeal suture to vertex. Pronotum with anterior border strongly sinuate, anterior
angles oblique ; posterior margin with an entire raised hind border between obtuse
hind angles; lateral borders with outstanding setae shorter than basal anterior
tarsal segment, less closely and less deeply crenulate along anterior halves than
elsewhere ; surface with transverse, subbasal impunctate areas sometimes narrower
and more widely separated than usual; disc with slightly asperose, crescentic
punctures usually separated by at least their own diameter ; punctures more strongly

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN III

asperose along anterior margin; all punctures bearing white, squamiform setae,
those on disc similar to frontal setae, those along lateral margins and sometimes
those along anterior margin broader and more conspicuous; intervals between
coarse punctures finely shagreened. Scutellum slightly transverse (20:25); set
with more or less circular punctures separated by from less than one to about two
diameters ; punctures bearing small, white, squamiform setae similar in size to those
of elytra; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by less
than their diameter as a rule, bearing small, squamiform setae usually a little more
conspicuous than those of pronotal disc; intervals finely shagreened ; lateral
borders with stiff, outstanding setae confined to between bases and level of hind
coxae, often not extending backward as far as hind border of metasternum, setae
behind this point very small, becoming very sparse behind level of third abdominal
segment. Pygidium transverse (7:11); closely annulate-punctate, punctures
separated by much less than their diameter, bearing broader setae than those of
elytra; intervals almost smooth. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with
almost all punctures bearing short, broad, appressed squamae, much broader than
those of upper surfaces ; a few fine, outstanding setae present on anterior parts of
metasternum and a few short, subrecumbent, pale testaceous setae along its midline.
Abdominal segments with closely-set, appressed squamae similarly shaped, but a
little smaller than those of hind coxae, less closely set medially. Legs having the
anterior tibiae with the third external tooth very feebly developed in some examples ;
basal hind tarsal segment less than half as long as second ; tarsal claws not deeply
cleft, with upper ramus about one third as broad as lower and shorter.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 83 and 84).

FEMALE. The antennal club has shorter lamellae than that of the male, but in
all other respects the two sexes are very similar.

Type locality : Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika T. (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Salisbury; Sebakwe (S.A.M.).

Tanganyika T.: Dar es Salaam (Z.M.B.); Lindi (Z.M.B.)—type of S. microps

Brske.

Burgeon (1946) gives Elisabethville and Ngaye, both in south-east Belgian Congo
as localities for this species.

Total material seen: 9 examples.

The synonymy given above is based upon a personal examination of the holotypes

of S. paupercula, S. microps and S. gracilis. Moser (1918) recorded the synonymy
of his own species and S. gracilis Brenske.

S. frontalis Moser
Schizonycha frontalis Moser, 1921, p. 60.
Length 15-16 mm. Breadth 8 mm.

MALE

Derm brunneotestaceous with head and pronotum somewhat darker. Head with

labral emargination almost rightangled ; anterior face of clypeus reflexed, vertically
ENTOM. 9, 2. 9

112 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

convex, gap in its row of setiferous punctures moderate; clypeal carina feebly
arcuate, overlying frontoclypeal suture except for median third; basal cephalic
carina roughly marked, with a row of close-set, backwardly directed, squamiform
setae immediately behind it ; clypeal punctures sparse, elongate, internal margins
sharp; frontal punctures more or less confined to anterolateral areas, slightly
scabrose, bearing conspicuous, white, pointed, squamiform setae ; clypeal punctures
near lateral margins bearing setae slightly smaller than those of frons. Pronotum
with anterior border slightly sinuate ; posterior margin with an entire raised hind
border ; posterior angles slightly obtuse ; lateral borders set with setae at least as
long as basal anterior tarsal segment ; disc without transverse, impunctate, subbasal
areas ; discal punctures each containing a f)-shaped groove and bearing a conspicu-
ous, white, pointed, squamiform seta, broader than on frons; punctures variably
separated, often by less than one diameter, somewhat scabrose along anterior margin ;
intervals finely shagreened. Scutellum slightly transverse ; closely punctate except
for apex and mediobasal area; punctures as on pronotum, bearing similar setae ;
intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by slightly less than
their own diameter, bearing setae as on scutellum; intervals almost smooth ;
lateral borders with long, outstanding setae near shoulders, with shorter, curved
setae thence to apical borders which are set with even smaller, somewhat squamiform
setae. Pygidium very slightly transverse, strongly convex; punctures for the
most part separated by from one to two diameters, bearing outstanding, squamiform
setae, narrower than on elytra but about as long, apical area more sparsely punctured,
punctures here bearing long, outstanding, testaceous setae twice as long or more
than setae elsewhere on pygidium; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum,
episterna and hind coxae with most punctures bearing long, fine, yellow setae, large
squamiform setae present laterally, particularly on episterna. Abdominal segments
almost impunctate medially, punctures numerous laterally, but usually separated by
more than one diameter, some bearing long, yellow setae, others large, squamiform
setae similar to those on metasternal epimera ; intervals finely shagreened, more
faintly so toward midline. Legs with anterior tibiae having only a very faint
indication of a third external tooth ; basal hind tarsal segment almost as long as
second ; upper ramus of tarsal claws about half as broad at base as lower and
slightly shorter.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 85 and 86).

FEMALE. Extremely like the male but distinguishable by its less convex and less
transverse pygidium and by the shorter lamellae of the antennal club.

Type locality : Natal (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: Natal: “ Zulu” (N.H.R.M.) ; Mkuzi, Zululand
(B.M. (N.H.) and Div. Ent.).

Both the example cited here as the type and the specimen recorded above as from
“ Zulu’? where seen by Moser when he described the species. The Stockholm
specimen is a male and bears a label “ Schizonycha frontalis n. sp.’ together with a
“Typus”’ label affixed by the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum authorities. The
female example in the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, bears a label reading “ Schizo-
nycha frontalis Mos. type 2” in Moser’s handwriting and also has a “‘ Type”’ label

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN irs

affixed by the museum authorities. The male specimen in Stockholm has had the
genitalia extracted and mounted separately. These are deposited in the Zoologisches
Museum, Berlin.

In his original description, Moser gave no indication of the sex of his material and
did not select a holotype ; it does not seem to have been his habit. All that one
can say is that he gave both Natal and “ Zulu ”’ as localities, showing that he had
seen both the specimens referred to above.

As this species is an unusual one and unlikely to be confused with any other, I do
not feel hesitant about accepting the female labelled as “‘ type 2’”’ by Moser as the
holotype of S. frontalis. The male example must therefore be regarded as a paratype.

S. confinis Pér.
Schizonycha confinis Péringuey, 1904, p. 249.
Length 14:5 mm. Breadth 7 mm.

MALE

Derm pale to medium testaceous. Head with labral emarginatiori almost rect-
angular ; anterior clypeal face vertically convex, with a moderately broad gap in its
row of setiferous punctures; clypeal carina biarcuate, overlying frontoclypeal
suture ; transverse carina across vertex not clearly marked; clypeal punctures
sparse, slightly elongate ; frontal punctures closely set, strongly asperose, bearing
large, squamiform setae. Pronotwm with anterior border slightly sinuate toward
anterior angles; posterior angles very briefly rounded ; posterior margin with an
uninterrupted hind border between hind angles; crenulate lateral borders with
outstanding setae at least slightly shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ;
surface without transverse, subbasal impunctate areas ; disc with punctures separ-
ated by from one to two diameters, each containing a f)-shaped groove and having
the anterior border slightly tuberculate; punctures bearing squamiform setae
similar to those of frons; punctures more strongly tuberculate toward anterior
margin of pronotum; intervals between punctures finely shagreened. Scutellum
transverse (2 : 3) ; closely setoso-punctured, setae as on pronotum ; intervals finely
shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by their own diameter and bearing
squamiform setae as on pronotum ; intervals finely, but very faintly shagreened ;
lateral borders with long, outstanding setae for basal two thirds. Pygidium slightly
transverse ; closely punctate, punctures usually separated by less than their diameter
and bearing squamiform setae similar to those of pronotum, except along apical
margin where the setae are longer, outstanding and non-squamiform. Metasternum,
-episterna and hind coxae setoso-punctate ; anterior parts of metasternum bearing
long, outstanding setae, setae elsewhere shorter, squamiform, those of metasternum
and episterna being a little larger than those of hind coxae and elytra; intervals
finely and faintly shagreened. Abdominal segments closely punctate medially as
well as laterally, punctures bearing conspicuous setae, narrower, though still squami-
form toward midline; intervals finely shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae

114 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

bidentate externally ; basal hind tarsal segment two thirds as long as second;
upper ramus of all tarsal claws slightly shorter and distinctly narrower than lower.
Genitalia (Text-fig. go).
FEMALE. Unknown.
Type locality : Sebakwe, S. Rhodesia 6. A.M.).
Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Bent.
Total material seen: 2 examples.

S. peringueyi Dalla Torre

Schizonycha peringueyi Dalle Torre, 1912, p. 156.
Schizonycha vicaria Péringuey (nec Kolbe), 1904, p. 251.

Length 15-5 mm. Breadth 8 mm.

MALE

This species is very closely related to S. nigricornis Burm. (p. 114) but is larger.
It differs from the latter as described in the key and also as follows: the pronotal
punctures have more irregularly raised edges and the transverse, impunctate areas of
the pronotum are much more clearly marked, almost meeting medially. The
scutellum is equilateral and has a longitudinal median sulcus in the type specimen.
The basal hind tarsal segment is distinctly shorter than the second and the genitalia
(Text-fig. 87) differ.

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Namaqualand (S.A.M.).

The type specimen is the sole example known to me.

S. nigricornis Burm.

Schizonycha nigricornis Burmeister, 1855, p. 272.
Schizonycha nigricornis Burm., Péringuey, 1904, p. 250.

Length 11-5-13 mm. Breadth 6-7 mm.

MALE

Colour piceous black, feebly shining. Head with labral emargination slightly
obtuse ; anterior clypeal face feebly convex vertically, with a narrow median gap
in its row of setiferous punctures; clypeal carina arcuate; frontoclypeal suture
clearly visible ; vertex with a rather irregularly marked transverse carina which has
a groove immediately behind it; clypeal punctures with their internal borders
sharply marked ; frontal punctures with their anterior borders sharply impressed ;
clypeal and frontal punctures bearing small, white, squamiform setae. Pronotum
strongly narrowed from about middle to slightly sinuate anterior border ; anterior
angles forwardly directed ; posterior angles rightangled ; posterior margin not or
very faintly bordered in front of scutellum; crenulate lateral borders set with
outstanding setae shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with trans-

4 -_ _—

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 115

verse, subbasal impunctate areas usually present, but not always clearly marked ;
disc sometimes with a longitudinal median impunctate space ; elsewhere set with
circular punctures, frequently separated by more than one diameter on disc ;
punctures bearing elliptical, squamiform setae; intervals finely shagreened.
Scutellum transverse ; punctures confined to lateral margins, similar to those of
pronotal disc and bearing similar setae ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with
punctures separated by one diameter or a little less, bearing slightly broader squami-
form setae than those of pronotum ; intervals between punctures finely, but more
strongly shagreened than pronotal intervals ; lateral borders with short, outstanding
setae from bases to apical borders, setae becoming shorter and interspersed with
small, squamiform setae toward apices. Pygidium transverse ; surface wrinkled,
sparsely annulate-punctate, almost impunctate for apical third ; punctures bearing
squamiform setae somewhat smaller than those of elytra ; intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae set with punctures bearing for the most part
broad, squamiform setae larger than those on upper surfaces; setae on anterior
margins of metasternum and episterna and near median ends of hind coxae testa-
ceous, non-squamiform; intervals between punctures finely shagreened. Ab-
dominal segments closely punctured, especially laterally, each with a small tubercle
on the anterointernal border; punctures toward lateral margins bearing broad,
squamiform setae, setae in punctures toward midline smaller and less conspicuous ;
intervals finely shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae having at most a trace of a
third (basal) external tooth, the apical and second teeth being closer together than
usual (Text-fig. 41) ; basal hind tarsal segment slightly shorter than second segment
(10 : 13) ; tarsal claws with upper ramus very much more slender than and a little
more than half as long as lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 88 and 809).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality: S. Africa (Coll. Ecklon) (Univ. Halle).

Other material examined from: Cape Prov.: Katberg, ‘Cap b. spei’’ (B.M.
(N.H.), B.S.S. and F.). ‘S. Africa” (no more exact locality).

Total material seen: 14 examples.

Through the kindness of the authorities of the University at Halle, I have been
allowed to examine the material in the Burmeister collection over the name S.
nigricornis. This material consists of two male specimens with the data “‘ Pr. b. sp.”’.
Both are examples of the species interpreted by Péringuey as S. migricornis, both
agree with the description of the species given by Burmeister and there is no reason
why they should not be part at least of the original material described by Burmeister.
I hereby select one of them, to which I have attached a suitable label, as the lecto-
type of Schizonycha nigricornis Burmeister.

S. algoensis Pér.

Schizonycha algoensis Péringuey, 1904, p. 199.
Schizonycha algoa Péringuey, 1904, p. 240 (erratim).

Length 14-5 mm. Breadth 7-5 mm,

116 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

MALE

Derm very dark brown. Head with angle formed by labral emargination about
110°; anterior clypeal face vertically convex, reflexed, with a broad median gap
in its row of setiferous punctures ; clypeal carina angulate medially ; frontoclypeal
suture indistinct ; clypeus sparsely set with slightly elongate punctures; frons
irregularly punctured but punctures not scabrose; vertex with a well marked
transverse carina. Pronotum with anterior border not very strongly sinuate laterally,
obtuse anterior angles directed obliquely forward; rightangled posterior angles
sharply formed ; posterior margin with a raised hind border in front of scutellum ;
lateral borders with outstanding setae as long as basal anterior tarsal segment ;
surface with transverse, subbasal impunctate areas and a small impunctate median
area as well; elsewhere with large closely-set punctures each containing an inverted
U-shaped groove and bearing a conspicuous squamiform seta; intervals almost
smooth. Scutellum almost equilateral, sides rounded; disc with a few, coarse
squamiferous punctures ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures usually
separated by less than one diameter, bearing squamiform setae slightly smaller than
those of pronotum ; intervals between punctures slightly roughened ; lateral borders
set with outstanding setae from bases to apical borders. Pygidium transverse ; set
with punctures separated by rather more than one diameter and equipped with
short, outstanding, slightly squamiform setae ; intervals faintly roughened. Metas-
ternum, episterna and hind coxae with punctures separated by about one diameter,
punctures bearing long setae. Abdominal segments with closely set punctures
laterally, punctures bearing squamiform setae; segments with a few setiferous
punctures toward midline ; intervals between punctures toward and along lateral
margins finely shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate although with basal
tooth much less strongly produced than middle tooth; basal hind tarsal segment
about as long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus slightly longer than lower
and as broad at base.

Genitalia (Text-fig. gr).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Delagoa Bay (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Port E. Africa: Delagoa Bay (S.A.M.).

Total material seen: 2 examples.

In his key to the south African species of Schizonycha, Péringuey named this
species algoensis. Later, when he came to describe the species, he altered the name
to algoa. The illustration of its male genitalia again uses the name algoensis. Using
my privilege as first reviser and assuming that the species was defined by its inclusion
in the key, I am adopting the more appropriately formed algoensis as the name for
this species.

S. infarsa Pér.
Schizonycha infarsa Péringuey, 1904, p. 228.

Length 17 mm. Breadth 10 mm,

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 117

FEMALE

Apterous. Colour dark castaneous. Head with labral emargination acute ;
anterior clypeal face vertically plane, reflexed, without a median gap in its row of
setiferous punctures ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate; frontoclypeal suture well
marked, backwardly angled medially; vertex with a rather irregularly raised
transverse ridge ; clypeal punctures elongate ; frontal punctures transverse, their
anterior borders sharply formed. Pronotum with anterior border evenly emarginate ;
anterior angles sharp, obtuse ; posterior angles almost rightangled ; hind margin
with a raised posterior border in front of scutellum ; crenulate lateral borders set
with outstanding setae almost or quite as long as basal anterior tarsal segment ;
surface with transverse, subbasal impunctate areas not completely without punc-
tures ; disc with punctures which are either annulate or which contain an inverted,
U-shaped groove and which bear inconspicuous, non-squamiform setae ; punctures
frequently separated by much more than one diameter ; intervals smooth. Scutellum
transverse (I: 2) ; laterally punctate only ; punctures circular and of varying sizes ;
intervals smooth. Flytra set with punctures of varying density, often separated by
more than one diameter, especially apicolaterally, in other areas separation may be
by less than one diameter ; punctures bearing inconspicuous setae as on pronotum ;
lateral borders set with outstanding setae from bases to level of hind margin of
second abdominal segment, glabrous thence to apicosutural angles. Pygidium
slightly transverse ; coarsely and closely punctured, punctures separated by from
one half to one diameter except on and almost impunctate basal area ; punctures
annulate and bearing small, inconspicuous, non-squamiform setae ; intervals finely
and rather faintly shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae set with
setiferous or squamiferous punctures, the latter more especially laterally ; intervals
faintly roughened. Abdominal segments impunctate medially except for a single
transverse row of setiferous punctures on each; pluripunctate laterally, punctures
usually bearing a short seta and tuberculate on their anterior borders; intervals
finely shagreened along extreme lateral margins, progressively less strongly so
toward midline where surface is finely wrinkled. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly
tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment very slightly shorter than second; upper
ramus of all tarsal claws very slightly shorter than lower.

Mace. Unknown.

Type locality : Lydenburg, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

The female type specimen is the only example of this species known to me.

S. fallax (Pér.)

Atys fallax Péringuey, 1904, p. 257.
Atys fallax Pér., Andreae, 1933, p. 105, 106.

Length 11-5-12°5 mm. Breadth 6-7 mm.

MALE
Derm testaceous with head and pronotum more reddish in tone. Head with
labral emargination slightly acute ; anterior clypeal face broadly reflexed medially,

118 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

slightly concave vertically in some examples, usually plane, median gap in its row
of setiferous punctures very broad ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate medially, almost
straight toward lateral borders ; frontoclypeal suture backwardly angled medially ;
vertex without a transverse carina, usually with a band of closely set, small punctures
across it; clypeal punctures elongate, their internal borders sharply formed ;
frontal punctures discrete, slightly irregular in outline, anteromedian area of frons
impunctate ; frons usually shallowly concave medially. Pronotwm with anterior
border evenly emarginate ; posterior margin without a raised hind border in front
of scutellum ; lateral borders faintly crenulate, set with outstanding setae usually
shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with short, but clearly marked
transverse, subbasal impunctate areas ; discal punctures circular, variably separated
by from one half to about five diameters, each containing an inverted, U-shaped ~
groove and bearing a minute seta, shorter than the diameter of a puncture ; punctures
elsewhere scarcely closer than on disc, often annulate ; intervals smooth. Scutellum
almost equilateral, with coarse round punctures apically and laterally; punctures
bearing minute, inconspicuous setae ; intervals smooth except for a few microscopic
punctures. Elytva with punctures separated by less than one diameter, bearing
minute, inconspicuous setae ; intervals almost smooth ; lateral borders with out-
standing setae usually confined to near shoulders although some may occur toward
midline. Pygidium strongly transverse, moderately and evenly convex ; sparsely
annulate-punctate, separation of punctures usually by more than one diameter ;
setae of punctures minute; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna
and hind coxae sparsely punctate ; setae short, except on anterior parts of meta-
sternum, sparsely arranged; intervals almost smooth. Abdominal segments sparsely
punctate, especially medially ; punctures with anterior borders slightly tuberculate,
usually bearing short, appressed setae, but in some instances long, outstanding,
yellowish setae ; intervals very finely and faintly shagreened on disc, more noticeably
so toward lateral margins. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal
segment half as long as second ; upper ramus of all tarsal claws finer and slightly
shorter than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 103 and 104).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Salisbury.

Total material seen : 23 examples.

S. villosa Brske. (Text-fig. 50)

Schizonycha villosa Brenske, 1898, p. 367.
Schizonycha villosa Brsk., Péringuey, 1904, p. 227.

Length 13 mm. Breadth 7 mm. (11 x 6 mm.—Péringuey).

MALE

Derm pale testaceous with head and pronotum more reddish in tone. Head with
labral emargination acute ; anterior face of clypeus vertically plane, with an entire

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN T19

row of setiferous punctures along it ; clypeal carina moderately to strongly arcuate ;
frontoclypeal suture backwardly arcuate medially ; vertex with a sharply raised
transverse carina; clypeal punctures elongate, their internal margins sharply
formed, bearing minute setae; frontal punctures slightly asperose, their antero-
internal borders being feebly raised, bearing minute setae similar to those of clypeus.
Pronotum with anterior border evenly emarginate ; posterior margin without a
raised hind border in front of scutellum ; lateral borders with outstanding setae
considerably longer than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface without distinct
transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas; punctures on disc each containing an
inverted U-shaped groove and bearing a minute, almost white seta; punctures
separated by from one to several diameters ; intervals finely shagreened. Scutellum
transverse ; set with slightly asperose punctures, each bearing a seta which is a little
more conspicuous than those of pronotum ; intervals finely shagreened ; scutellum
normally largely hidden by long, fine, yellow setae protruding from beneath base of
pronotum. £/ytra with punctures separated by from one to two diameters, bearing
minute setae similar to those of pronotum ; intervals shining, but not quite smooth ;
lateral borders with long, outstanding setae from bases to apical borders, setae
diminishing in length toward apical borders. Pygidium strongly transverse ;
sparsely and shallowly annulate-punctate, punctures bearing minute, white setae ;
intervals very finely and faintly shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind
coxae with long, fine, densely-set, yellow pubescence. Abdominal segments with
conspicuous, sometimes squamiform setae in punctures; intervals almost smooth
medially, finely and very faintly shagreened toward lateral borders. Legs with
anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment about three fifths as
long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus about as broad at base as lower and
almost twice as long.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 92 and 93).

FEMALE. Stated by Péringuey to differ from the male in that it has the metas-
ternum, episterna and hind coxae clothed with a few, squamiform setae and in that
the basal hind tarsal segment is relatively longer.

Type locality : Natal (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: Natal: Frere.

Péringuey gives Maritzburg and Estcourt, Natal as localities for this species.

Total material seen: 3 examples.

S. lebidis n. n.

Schizonycha debilis Péringuey (nec Burmeister), 1904, p. 252.

Length 13-5-14:5 mm. Breadth 7-5-8 mm.

MALE

Derm pale testaceous with head and pronotum more reddish. Head with labral
emargination acute ; anterior clypeal face slightly reflexed, without a median gap
in its row of setiferous punctures, vertically plane ; clypeal carina evenly arcuate ;

120 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

frontoclypeal suture distinct ; basal cephalic carina irregularly raised; clypeal
punctures elongate, internal borders sharp ; frontal punctures obliquely transverse,
their antero-internal borders raised. Pronotwm with anterior border evenly curved ;
posterior margin without a raised hind border in front of scutellum ; posterior angles
rightangled ; lateral borders feebly serrate, bearing setae sometimes considerably
longer than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface without clearly marked subbasal
impunctate areas; discal punctures scattered, strongly transverse, bearing short,
inconspicuous setae; punctures along basal margin bearing long, outstanding,
testaceous setae ; punctures more closely set and slightly scabrose along extreme
anterior margin; intervals finely shagreened. Scutellum slightly transverse ;
punctate laterally ; partly covered by long yellow hairs borne by mesonotal punc-
tures; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures variably separated,
often by more than one diameter, bearing small, inconspicuous setae; intervals
finely shagreened ; lateral borders with long, outstanding setae near shoulders,
setae short elsewhere. Pygidium transverse ; almost impunctate ; surface rugulose
and finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with long, fine,
densely set, testaceous to flavous setae. Abdominal segments sparsely punctate,
especially medially, punctures with antero-internal borders slightly tuberculate,
bearing fine setae of varying lengths ; intervals finely shagreened, more strongly so
laterally. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment half as
long as second ; upper ramus of tarsal claws one fourth as broad at base as and two
thirds as long as lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 94 and 95).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Transkei, Cape Province is the only locality given by Péringuey.

Material examined from: Transkei (S.A.M.). Transvaal (no exact locality) and
“S. Africa”.

Total material seen: 5 examples.

S. debilis Burm.

Schizonycha debilis Burmeister, 1855, p. 267.
Schizonycha caffra Péringuey, 1904, p. 247 (Syn. nov.).
Schizonycha neutra Péringuey, 1904, p. 229 (syn. nov.).

Length 15-16 mm. Breadth 7-9 mm.

MALE

Colour testaceous with head and pronotum darker. Head with labral emargina-
tion acute ; anterior clypeal face not, or scarcely convex vertically, gap in row of
setiferous punctures brief; anterior clypeal border rounded laterally, truncate
medially ; clypeal carina arcuate; frontoclypeal suture distinct; frons a little
longer in midline than clypeus; basal cephalic carina a sharp angulation, but
scarcely raised as a rule; frontal punctures irregular, slightly asperose, bearing
small, white, squamiform setae ; clypeal punctures shallower and much more sparsely
arranged than those of frons, not, or scarcely asperose, Pronotwm unusually strongly

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 121

narrowed to anterior border; anterior border evenly curved; anterior angles
strongly obtuse, posterior angles slightly obtuse; lateral borders only slightly
convergent from middle to hind angles, shallowly sinuate, setae in lateral borders
longer than basal anterior tarsal segment ; hind border not raised medially ; anterior
margin narrowly scabroso-punctate, punctures elsewhere not scabrose, usually
separated by more than one diameter, especially toward centre of disc, each with a
small, recumbent, squamiform seta, slightly more conspicuous than those on head; a
few long, outstanding, testaceous setae present in punctures along hind margin ;
intervals between punctures finely shagreened. Scutellum equilateral or slightly
longer than broad, with a few punctures laterally bearing setae slightly longer than
diameter of punctures, intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated
by a little more than their diameter, each with a recumbent, small, white, squamiform
seta, similar to those of pronotum ; intervals with scarcely discernible shagrenation ;
lateral borders with outstanding, testaceous setae from bases almost to apical
borders, setae usually shorter behind level of hind coxae. Pygidium sparsely
punctured, setae in punctures similar to those of elytra, intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae densely set with long, pale testaceous
pubescence. Abdominal segments almost impunctate medially, punctures toward
lateral margins usually bearing squamiform setae which are slightly more conspicuous
than those of elytra, a few long, testaceous, non-squamiform, suberect setae also
present, longer and more conspicuous on penultimate segment; intervals very
faintly shagreened toward lateral borders. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ;
basal hind tarsal segment shorter than second; tarsal claws of anterior legs with
upper ramus much shorter and finer than lower, claws of middle and hind tarsi
with lower ramus very much shorter than upper and set almost at rightangles to it.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 96 and 97).

FEMALE. This species shows strongly marked sexual dimorphism. The female
has much reduced wings, a very short antennal club (in contrast to the unusually
long club of the male which is longer than the other antennal segments combined),
has a slightly more acute labral emargination, slightly more obtuse posterior pronotal
angles. It has the lateral pronotal borders set with setae shorter than the basal
anterior tarsal segment and has a flatter pygidium. Most of the punctures of the
metasternum, episterna and hind coxae bear large, appressed, squamiform setae.
The tarsal claws of all the legs have the lower ramus much shorter than the upper
and less broad at the base.

Type locality: S. Africa (coll. Ecklon) (Univ. Halle).

Other material examined from : Cape Province : Grahamstown (S.A.M.-Holotypes
of S. caffra and S. neutra) ; Uitenhage; Brak Kloof Farm; Adelaide. Also “ Int.
S. Africa” (no more detailed locality) and “S. Africa” (other examples from the
type series in the Burmeister collection) (Univ. Halle).

Total material seen : 10 examples.

The Burmeister collection at Halle contains three male specimens over the name
S. debilis. They are all of the same species and agree well with Burmeister’s descrip-
tion of S. debilis. I have no doubt that they belong to the material used by him
in its preparation and I hereby select one of them, which I have suitably labelled,

122 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

as the lectotype of Schizonycha debilis Burm. Having had the opportunity of
examining Péringuey’s type specimens of S. caffra and S. neutra, I have no doubt
that they are conspecific with Burmeister’s S. debilis, despite the fact that S. neutra
is based upon a female example.

Péringuey misinterpreted Burmeister’s S. debilis and so inadvertently described a
hitherto unknown species under that name. This species is re-described and re-
named on page I1g of this paper.

THE ** RUGOSA ” GROUP

As will be obvious from their treatment in the key to species, these form a closely
interlinked assembly which exhibit variation in their external characteristics to an
extent rendering it almost impossible to construct a satisfactory key for their
identification. On the other hand the male genitalia seem to show that a number
of species is involved and not a widely distributed, highly variable single species.
If more material were available it might be possible to deduce more about the
validity of the species set out below on the basis of their geographical distribution.

S. rugosa Brske.

Schizonycha rugosa Brenske, 1898, p. 353.
Schizonycha rugosa Brske., Péringuey, 1904, p. 244.
Schizonycha indotata Péringuey, 1904, p. 245 (syn. nov.).

Length 15°5-17 mm. 7-7-8-5 mm.

MALE

Colour varying from pale testaceous to very dark brown, head and pronotum in
lighter examples usually darker than elytra. Head with labral emargination acute ;
anterior clypeal face vertically plane, median gap in its row of setiferous punctures
variable in length, usually moderately broad ; clypeal carina usually evenly arcuate ;
frontoclypeal suture clearly visible ; vertex with a feebly raised transverse carina.
Pronotum with anterior border feebly sinuate laterally ; anterior angles obtuse ;
posterior angles almost rightangled ; posterior margin without a raised hind border
in front of scutellum ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae usually shorter
than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with well marked transverse, subbasal
impunctate areas ; disc with coarse, variably spaced punctures, often separated by
less than one diameter, containing an inverted U-shaped groove and bearing a
small, but distinct, white, squamiform seta about as long as the diameter of a
puncture; intervals finely shagreened. Scutellum slightly transverse; closely
punctate laterally, each puncture containing an inverted U-shaped groove and
bearing a seta similar to or slightly smaller than those on pronotum; intervals
finely shagreened. Elytra with broad punctures, separated in many instances by
less than their diameter, bearing small, white, squamiform setae similar to those of
pronotal disc ; intervals usually with traces of shagreening ; lateral borders with
stiff, outstanding setae near shoulders, sometimes extending backward to level of

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 123

hind coxae or beyond, setae behind this point minute, inconspicuous, recumbent.
Pygidium slightly transverse ; convex; shallowly and sparsely annulate-punctate,
punctures bearing minute setae smaller than those in punctures on elytra ; intervals
finely shagreened, surface frequently wrinkled. Metasternum, episterna and hind
coxae setoso- and squamoso-punctate, squamiform setae more or less confined to
posterior half of episterna, posterolateral areas of metasternum and most of hind
coxae, variable in extent and number, much larger than any on upper surfaces ;
setae on other parts of pectus long, fine, suberect, almost white. Abdominal
segments annulate-punctate, more closely so laterally ; punctures bearing either
small, squamiform setae or longer, non-squamiform hairs, the former predominating
toward the lateral margins ; squamiform setae usually larger than those on elytra,
but not as large as those on hind coxae ; intervals finely shagreened, very faintly
so toward midline. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate, the basal tooth usually
feebly marked ; basal hind tarsal segment at most two thirds as long as second ;
tarsal claws with upper ramus slightly less than half as broad at base as lower and
distinctly shorter.

Genitalia (Text-fig. 98).

FEMALE. Very like the male but the antennal club is composed of distinctly
shorter lamellae ; although the basal segment of the hind tarsi is almost as short,
relative to the second segment, as it is in the male, the upper ramus of the tarsal
claws is as long as, or even slightly longer than the lower ramus and only a little
finer in construction.

Type locality : Natal (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: Natal: Weenen; Port Natal; Indaleni;
Pietermaritzburg (B.S.S.) ; unlocalized (B.S.S.). Transvaal: Pietersburg.

Péringuey records Lydenburg, Transvaal and an unlocalized area in S. Rhodesia
as localities from which he received S.indotata. I have examined the type specimen
of S. indotata (see below), but it bears no locality label.

Total material seen: 15 examples.

As mentioned above, I have had the opportunity of examining the type specimen
of S. indotata Pér. I have been able to compare it with the type specimen of
S. rugosa Brske. and I have no doubt that they are examples of a single species.
Péringuey apparently had some doubt as to the validity of S. indotata as his type
specimen bears a label with the name “ rugosa ’’ on it.

S. valvata Brske.
Schizonycha valvata Brenske, 1898, p. 353.
Schizonycha valvata Brske., Péringuey, 1904, p. 244.

Length 17-5 mm. Breadth 9 mm.

FEMALE

Colour castaneous with head and pronotum darker.

Péringuey saw the holotype of this species and compared it with his own species
S. noscitata (p.125). Through the kindness of Dr..K. Delkeskamp of the Zoologisches

124 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Museum, Berlin, I have seen this specimen also. It is the sole known representative
of Brenske’s species and is obviously very closely related to both S. rugosa and to
S. fatidica Pér. Indeed it may well be a female example of one of these two species.
On the other hand the pygidium of S. valvata is of an unusual shape, being shallowly
concave along the midline, obliquely flattened laterally and impressed toward the
basal angles. Also the anterior tibiae are more robust and more obviously tridentate
than is usual with either S. rugosa or S. fatidica.

Until more material becomes available and the identities of the elements of the
“ vugosa’’ group are better known, I think it best to retain S. valvata Brske. as a
separate species in view of its characteristic pygidial form. But for this structure
and the broader front tibiae, S. valvata is almost indistinguishable from a female
example of S. rugosa.

Mate. Unknown.

Type locality : S. Africa (coll. Jekel) (Z.M.B.).

S. fatidica Pér.
Schizonycha fatidica Péringuey, 1904, p. 246.
Length 17-19 mm. Breadth 7-5-9 mm.

MALE

Péringuey differentiates this species from S. rugosa (as S. indotata) by saying that
the clypeus has a sinuate anterior edge, the pronotum has the punctures scabrose
along the anterior margin only, those elsewhere being cicatricose. He also refers to
an elongate median smooth space on the pronotal disc.

I have examined examples showing the above features which have proved to have
genitalia which clearly assigned them to S. rugosa Brske. On the other hand it
does seem from a series of examples of S. fatidica and of S. rugosa that the former
tends to be a larger and darker species than the latter.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 100 and 101).

Type locality : Grahamstown, Cape Province (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Cape Province: Grahamstown ; Port St. John,
Pondoland ; “ Cap. b. Spei”’ (B.S.S.). Zululand: Nagana.

Péringuey also records Kowie, Cape Province as a locality for this species.

Total material seen: 10 examples.

S. elegans Pér. (Text-figs. 15, 30 and 42)
Schizonycha elegans Péringuey, 1904, p. 242.
Length 15-165 mm. Breadth 6-5-8 mm.

MALE

Colour generally testaceous with head and pronotum castaneous.

As can be seen from the figures given above, S. elegans appears to have a range
of size comparable to the lower end of the size range of S. rugosa, but below the

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 125

known range of S. fatidica. This is interesting in view of the fact that the genitalia
of the present species are almost identical with those of S. fatidica whereas they
are readily distinguishable from those of S. rugosa.

One apparently constant feature of S. elegans is a more transverse pygidium than
is usual in either S. rugosa or S. fatidica (5:5-6°8).

Genitalia (Text-fig. 99).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Rustenburg, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Rustenburg ; Pretoria (B.M. (N.H.),
F.); Pienaars River; Potchefstroom (F.). Cape Province: unlocalized (coll.
Brinckner).

Total material seen: 10 examples.

S. noscitata Pér.
Schizonycha noscitata Péringuey, 1904, p. 243.
Length 17 mm. Breadth 9 mm.

MALE

“Chestnut brown ; head and prothorax ferrugineous, each puncture on the upper
side bears a whitish, small, yet conspicuous hair, the ciliae along the outer margins
of the prothorax and of the anterior part of the elytra are long, and the pectus is
very pubescent ; club of the antennae flavescent ; frontal part of the head and also
the clypeus very closely and deeply punctured, the punctures non-granulose, the
former is blunt in the median anterior part, but hardly sinuate, the clypeal carina
is very arcuate, and somewhat angular in the middle ; the basal carina is not much
raised, and is grooved; prothorax moderately rounded laterally at about the
median part, very little narrowed, and not sinuate thence to the basal angle, covered
with irregular, round, cicatricose punctures set somewhat closely along the anterior
margin and the sides, but much more scattered and broader in the posterior, and
having there a median, smooth, somewhat raised space, and a few smaller similar
areas across; the outer margins are serrate, more strongly so in the anterior than
in the posterior part ; scutellum with two irregular lateral rows of punctures ; elytra
ampliate laterally from about the median part, the punctures deep; pygidium
with scattered, fairly deep punctures ; abdominal segments as closely and numerously
punctured in the median part as on the sides, penultimate one wider than the pre-
ceding, last one broad, very swollen; tarsi long. The claws are missing in my
male example.”’

Genitalia (Text-fig. 102).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : ‘‘ Cape Colony (? Namaqualand) ” (as recorded by Péringuey).

The example considered by the South African Museum to be the type of S. noscitata
and made available to me for study is in fact a female specimen of S. profuga Pér.
(p. 167). The species is unknown to me other than from its description and from

126 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

this evidence I am inclined to think that it ought properly to be placed in the group
I have christened the “ vugosa”’ group of species. The genitalia, redrawn from
Péringuey, are very similar in appearance to those of S. elegans, described above.

S. fartula Pér.

Schizonycha fartula Péringuey, 1904, p. 206.

Schizonycha tumida Blanchard (nec Cast.), 1850, p. 150 (syn. nov.).

Schizonycha tumida Burmeister (nec Cast.), 1855, p. 267 (syn. nov.).
Schizonycha tumida Péringuey (nec Cast.), 1904, p. 225 (syn. nov.).

Length 13:5-15 mm. Breadth 7-5-9 mm.

MALE

Colour generally light ferrugineous, sometimes castaneous. Head with labral
emargination strongly obtuse ; anterior face of clypeus vertically convex and with
a narrow to moderate median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ; anterior edge
of clypeus rounded, somewhat flattened medially, but not truncate ; clypeal carina
shallowly arcuate ; frontoclypeal suture also shallowly arcuate, indistinct ; frons
longer in midline than clypeus; clypeal punctures sparse, irregularly arranged,
elongate with their internal borders sharply formed ; frontal punctures also irregu-
larly spaced, more closely set than those of clypeus, slightly asperose ; head sharply
angled at vertex, but without a raised transverse carina there ; angulation at vertex
feebly arcuate when viewed from above. Pvonotum with anterior border sinuate
laterally ; anterior and posterior angles obtuse ; lateral borders with outstanding
setae longer than basal anterior tarsal segment; hind margin without a raised
posterior border in front of scutellum ; anterior margin closely scabrosopunctate ;
surface with two transverse, subbasal impunctate areas; disc usually sparsely
annulate-punctate, punctures generally separated by more than their own diameter ;
setae in punctures minute, inconspicuous; hind margin of pronotum usually
bearing a row of sparsely set, long, testaceous, suberect setae ; intervals between
punctures finely shagreened. Scutellum punctate laterally ; interval between
puntures finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by about their own
diameter, rather irregularly spaced, each bearing a minute seta ; lateral borders set
with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to level of second abdominal segment or
slightly beyond ; intervals between elytral punctures finely shagreened. Pygidium
(Text-fig. 26) transverse (c. 25 : 32) ; set with annulate punctures separated as a rule
by more than one diameter and bearing minute setae about as long as the diameter
of a puncture ; apical border of pygidium distinctly broader than lateral and basal
borders ; intervals between punctures finely shagreened, usually set with micro-
punctures as well. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae usually with long, fine
setae in punctures ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Abdominal segments
scabroso-punctate laterally ; setae in punctures non-squamiform, of variable length,
usually longer than the diameter of a puncture ; intervals between punctures finely
shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate; basal hind tarsal

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 127

segment distinctly shorter than second ; ‘tarsal:claws with upper ramus longer than
lower, emarginate beneath apex ; ‘lower:‘ramus:of:claws closely applied to upper.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 105 and 106).

FEMALE. More rounded in form ‘than ‘the male; ‘with shorter lamellae to the
antennal club ; with the basal hind tarsal segment as long as the second segment ;
with the rami of the tarsal.claws usually somewhat divergent and with 'the pubescence
of the metasternum, episterna and hind -coxae usually somewhat less conspicuous
than in the male.

Type locality : Stellenbosch, Cape Province (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: ‘Cape Prov.: Somerset West (S.A.M.) ; Stellen-
bosch (S.A.M. and B.M. (N.H.)); “‘Cape of Good Hope” (B.S.S., F., Z.MB.,
B.M. (N.H.)) ; Darling (S.A.M.). Natal: Port Natal (B.S.S.).

‘Péringuey described S. fartula from the female alone. His interpretation of
S.t umida Cast. (p. 74) included both sexes of a ‘species which, upon examination
of the material, proves to be conspecific with the type specimen of S. fartula.

The material in the Burmeister collection over ‘the name S. twmida agrees with
that author’s published interpretation of the species. It:consists of two males and
one female which again are examples of S. fartula Pér.

The actual specimen catalogued by Blanchard (1850) as S. twmida Cast. is still in
the collections of the Museum.d’Histoire naturelle, Paris and ‘this too is‘an example
of S. fartula Pér. (female).

Thus, in the absence of definite proof as ‘to the identity of S. twmida ‘Cast. (p. 74),
there is a single species given that name by Blanchard, Burmeister and Péringuey
and which was also redescribed by Péringuey under a new name.

Assuming the true S. tumida Cast. to be different from the later interpretation of
it, there is a S. twmida of authors, the ‘first available name for which is a junior
synonym, S. fartula Pér.

JS. crinita Brske.

Schizonycha crinita Brenske, 1898, p. 356.
Schizonycha crinita Brsk., Péringuey, 1904, p. 204.

Length 14 mm. (Péringuey gives r5-16 mm.). Breadth 8 mm.

FEMALE

Derm pale testaceous with head and pronotum darker. Head with labral emar-
gination obtuse (c. 120°) ; anterior clypeal ‘face strongly convex vertically, with a
median gap in its row of setiferous punctures which is partially bridged by non-
setiferous punctures ; anterior edge of clypeus:shallowly biarcuate, directed obliquely
backward laterally toward eyes; <clypeal carina ‘feebly arcuate, bluntly angled
medially ; vertex without a transverse carina, not sharply :angled, set with very
closely arranged punctures which are distinctly smaller than those of frons ; clypeal
punctures frequently slightly elongate, their borders sharply formed; frontal
punctures almost circular or slightly transverse, separated by about one diameter
or less, more regularly and closely arranged toward eyes ; clypeus with a vestigial

longitudinal median carina arising from anterior edge. Pronotwm with anterior
ENTOM. 9, 2. 10

128 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

border strongly sinuate laterally, directed obliquely backward to anterior angles ;
posterior margin without a raised hind border in front of scutellum; lateral borders
with outstanding setae longer than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with a
transverse, subbasal, impunctate space on either side and with a more or less well-
defined longitudinal median impunctate area on disc ; discal punctures smaller and
shallower than those of frons, transverse, separated by more than one transverse
diameter as a rule and bearing minute, scarcely discernible setae, about as long as
the longitudinal diameter of a puncture ; punctures along extreme anterior margin
asperose ; punctures anterior and posterior borders bearing long, erect setae similar
to those along lateral borders; intervals between punctures of disc and margins
with faint, fine, more or less complete shagreening. Scutellum transverse (9 : 16) ;
with a very few, scattered punctures on either side of midline; surface finely sha-
greened. Elytra with punctures separated by slightly more than one diameter as a
rule, bearing minute setae similar to those of pronotum ; intervals with fine, faint,
incomplete microsculpture ; lateral borders fringed with outstanding setae from
bases to apical borders, those near shoulders very long, setae becoming shorter
toward apices. Pygidium almost quadrate (13:15); feebly convex; set with
small, scattered punctures separated by up to four diameters or more and bearing
minute setae about as long as the diameter of a puncture ; intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae densely set with long, fine, pale yellow hairs.
Abdominal segments two, three and four each with a single row of punctures across
the disc; punctures bearing setae almost half as long as segments; segments
pluripunctate laterally, punctures here usually bearing setae similar to those of
discs of segments, but with a few punctures bearing short, white squamiform setae ;
penultimate segment with irregularly spaced, asperose punctures across disc as well
as along lateral margins, all punctures bearing fine setae of varying lengths ; intervals
finely shagreened, very faintly so toward midline. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly
tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment and second segment subequal ; tarsal claws
with upper ramus almost twice as long as lower and strongly emarginate beneath
apex.

Mate. Unknown.

Type locality : Cape of Good Hope (Z.M.B.).

I have seen only the type specimen of this species and have been unable to
relate it to any known male. The setae along the anterior and posterior borders of
the pronotum are peculiar and would seem to indicate a close relationship with
Trichoschiza Moser. In general appearance S. crinita resembles S. ciliata Burm.
(p. 146), but the latter species has a well-marked longitudinal median clypeal carina,
has no setae along the anterior and posterior borders of the pronotum, has the labral
emargination almost or quite rightangled and has much shorter setae in the punctures
across the discs of the abdominal segments.

S. dissensa Pér.
Schizonycha dissensa Péringuey, 1904, p. 227.

Length 12-13 mm. Breadth 7-8 mm.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 129

MALE

Colour varying from dark red-brown to black, surface not very shining. Head
with labral emargination slightly obtuse ; anterior face of clypeus vertically convex,
usually with a narrow median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ; clypeal carina
feebly angled medially ; head sharply angled at vertex and with a vaguely indicated
transverse carina on vertex ; clypeal punctures elongate ; frontal punctures closely
and irregularly arranged, somewhat scabrose ; clypeus with a longitudinal median
carina arising from middle of anterior edge and continuing backward to meet middle
of clypeal carina. Pronotum with anterior border sinuate toward obtuse, but
forwardly directed anterior angles; posterior angles obtuse but briefly rounded ;
lateral borders with outstanding setae as long as or longer than basal anterior tarsal
segment ; hind margin without a raised posterior border in front of scutellum but
with a row of long, upstanding setae similar to those along lateral borders ; surface
with a longitudinal median and two transverse, subbasal impunctate areas; else-
where closely punctured, punctures more closely set and slightly scabrose toward
anterior border; punctures bearing minute, scarcely discernible setae ; intervals
between punctures finely, but strongly shagreened. Scutellum transverse, rounded
apically ; set with a few punctures on either side of midline; intervals finely
shagreened. L£lytra unusually depressed ; punctures of disc separated by their own
diameter or more, rather irregularly arranged, each bearing a minute seta ; intervals
between punctures finely, but strongly shagreened ; lateral borders set with stiff,
outstanding setae from bases to, or almost to apicosutural angles ; epipleura (Text-
fig. 28) not inflected along apical borders, but vertical. Pygidium transverse (5 : 7) ;
annulate-punctate, with punctures a little more closely set on apical half; intervals
finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with closely set punctures
bearing long, testaceous setae. Abdominal segments with a row of asperose, seti-
ferous punctures across each as well as irregularly spaced, non-asperose punctures
each of which bears a minute, almost colourless seta; intervals finely shagreened,
less strongly so toward midline. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ;
basal hind tarsal segment slightly shorter than second segment ; tarsal claws strongly
curved, deeply cleft, with the upper ramus distinctly longer than the lower ramus.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 107 and 108).

FEMALE. Unknowntome. Péringuey records that the basal hind tarsal segment
is longer than the second segment and that the tarsi as a whole are shorter in the
female, but does not give any other sexual differences.

Type locality : Cape Province (no exact locality) (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: The only other example of this species known to
me is a male in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) which is labelled ‘‘ Nov. Holl.”,
an obviously incorrect locality.

S. unicolor (Herbst)

Melolontha unicolor Herbst, 1786, p. 154.

Melolontha unicoloy Herbst, 1790, p. 156.

Melolontha unicoloy Herbst, Schénherr, 1817, p. 172.
Schizonycha unicolor (Herbst), Blanchard, 1850, p. 149.

130 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Schizonycha unicolor (Herbst), Lacordaire, 1856, p. 289.
Schizonycha unicolor (Herbst), Burmeister, 1855, p. 267.
Schizonycha unicolor (Herbst), Péringuey, 1904, p. 206.

Length 12°5-15 mm. Breadth 7-8 mm.

MALE

Derm reddish-castaneous, moderately shining ; head and limbs darker in some
examples. Head with labral emargination very slightly obtuse ; anterior clypeal
face vertically convex, with a narrow median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ;
anterior edge of clypeus feebly biarcuate ; clypeal carina angled medially ; vertex
sharply angled; clypeus with a longitudinal median carina arising from anterior
edge ; clypeal punctures elongate, sparsely arranged ; frontal punctures elongate or
obliquely transverse, more closely arranged than those of clypeus, bearing minute,
white setae. Pronotum with anterior border slightly sinuate laterally, sloping
obliquely backward toward anterior angles; posterior angles obtuse, very briefly
rounded ; outstanding setae along lateral borders longer than basal anterior tarsal
segment ; hind margin without a raised posterior border, but set with upstanding
setae in front of scutellum similar to those along lateral borders ; surface with two
transverse, subbasal impunctate areas and a vaguely indicated longitudinal median
impunctate area; punctures of disc variable in size, separated by from less than
one to several diameters and bearing minute, white setae about as long as the
diameter of. a puncture ; punctures more closely and regularly spaced along anterior
margin ; intervals between punctures finely shagreened. Scutellum twice as broad
as long; set with setiferous punctures laterally, some punctures bearing long,
testaceous setae, others short, white hairs; intervals between punctures finely
shagreened. Elytva (Text-fig. 27) with punctures separated by about one diameter,
bearing setae scarcely more conspicuous than those of pronotum ; intervals between
punctures finely shagreened ; lateral borders set with stiff, outstanding setae from
bases to at least the level of the fourth abdominal segment. Pygidium almost
quadrate ; shallowly but more or less evenly convex; set with shallow, rather
sparsely arranged punctures bearing minute setae ; intervals finely shagreened, but
rather less strongly so than elytral intervals. Metasternum, episterna and hind —
coxae with long, fine, yellowish-testaceous setae in punctures. Abdominal segments
each with a single transverse row of punctures bearing long, testaceous setae as well —
as numerous irregularly arranged punctures bearing minute, white hairs, not or —
scarcely longer than the diameter of a puncture; fifth abdominal segment with —
punctures bearing long setae less regularly arranged, not in a single transverse row ; —
intervals between punctures finely shagreened, less strongly so toward midline. —
Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment very slightly
shorter than second segment ; tarsal claws with upper ramus longer than lower and ~
emarginate beneath apex. .

Genitalia (Text-figs. 10g and 110). |

FEMALE. Differs from the male in having reduced wings, being more rounded in ~
outline, in that the setae along the lateral borders of the elytra do not extend back- —
ward beyond the level of the second abdominal segment, in that the basal hind tarsal —

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 131

segment is very slightly longer than the second segment and the setae of the hind
coxae are shorter and more sparsely arranged than those of the metasternum and
metepisterna.

Type locality : Cape of Good Hope (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: Cape of Good Hope (Univ. Halle).

In 1786, Herbst described Melolontha unicolor, stating it to be an East Indian
species. Four years later he published another description under the same name,
this time giving the locality as “Cap”. The two descriptions differ slightly in
detail, but with the second there is a reference to the 1786 definition of M. unicolor.
This can only be taken to mean that Herbst thought he was redescribing his earlier
species. Either he changed his mind as to the origin of the material, or he thought
that the species occurred in both localities. If the latter were true it is surprising
that he did not give both localities when publishing the second description. At
least one other species described by Herbst in 1786 as from the East Indies appears
in the 1790 publication as being from the “‘Cap’”’. This seems to support the
theory that he discovered his earlier locality record to be incorrect and altered it for
the redescription.

The slight differences between the two descriptions could be due to a male forming
the basis for the first and a female for the second. On the other hand the dis-
crepancies consist of characters mentioned in the second report, but omitted from
the first, so the descriptions could be of the same insect. Certainly the figure
accompanying the first description appears to be a female. Beyond the variation
in locality and without there being two sets of material known to have been used
by Herbst. in preparing his descriptions, there is no evidence to show that more
than one species was involved.

It is proposed here to adopt the view, previously accepted by all authors other
than Gmelin in the 13th edition of the Systema Naturae, that Herbst described a
single species as: Melolontha unicolor in 1786, redescribed it in 1790, at the same

time correcting his earlier reference to its distribution.
_ There is thus a south African species Melolontha unicolor Herbst (1786) which
was transferred to Schizonycha Dejean by Blanchard in 1850.
_ Subsequent to the second date, only two workers have made any attempt to
interpret the species. Péringuey (1904) was uncertain of its identity and tentatively
‘synonymized with his own species S. fartula (p. 126). Burmeister (1855) was more
positive in his attitude, interpreting S. wnicolor as a large, broad species, distinguished
from others of similar size by its unusually large head.

The Moser collection in the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, contains an old female
specimen which has been labelled as Schizonycha unicolor Herbst by Blanchard.
This example has been loaned to me by Dr. Delkeskamp with the suggestion that

it ought to be regarded as the type of Herbst’s species. Presumably it was accepted
by Blanchard as an authentic specimen of Melolontha unicolor Herbst and, apart
from its being a little smaller than Herbst would seem to indicate, there is nothing
to prevent it being material upon which the description of wnicolor was based.
Certainly it agrees very well with the figure of the species given by Herbst in 1786.
The suggestion made by Dr. Delkeskamp has been adopted in the present work,

132 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

The material identified as S. wnicolor in the Burmeister collection consists of two
female examples of S. fartula Pér. (p126. ) and two male specimens of another species.
Although the latter are larger than the female type specimen referred to above, I
am sure that they are conspecific with it. The description of the male of S. unicolor
and the figure of its genitalia are based on these two specimens.

S. hybrida (Pér.)
Atys hybrida Péringuey, 1904, p. 253.
Length 10-12 mm. Breadth 5:5-6 mm.

MALE

Colour generally testaceous with head and pronotum more reddish. Head with
labral emargination strongly obtuse ; anterior clypeal face vertically convex and
with a complete row of setiferous punctures along it; anterior edge of clypeus
semicircular or sometimes briefly truncated medially ; clypeal carina biarcuate ;
frontoclypeal suture also biarcuate and angled medially ; frons as long as clypeus
in midline, irregularly punctured ; clypeus set with more or less elongate punctures
bearing small, narrowly squamiform setae; basal cephalic carina well marked.
Pronotum with anterior border sinuate; anterior and posterior angles obtuse,
posterior angles briefly rounded ; lateral borders feebly serrate, setae along them
about as long as basal anterior tarsal segment ; hind margin without a raised posterior
border in front of scutellum ; disc set with crescentic punctures, more closely set
and somewhat scabrose anteriorly, punctures bearing small, subrecumbent, slightly
squamiform setae ; two subbasal, transverse impunctate areas present ; intervals
faintly and finely shagreened. Scutellum with punctures bearing squamiform setae
similar to those on pronotum ; intervals more strongly shagreened than pronotal
intervals. Elytra with punctures separated by about their own diameter, bearing
squamiform setae similar to those on pronotum ; intervals very faintly roughened ;
lateral borders with long, outstanding setae from bases to level of second abdominal —
segment, setae behind this point very small, white, narrowly squamiform. Pygidium
slightly transverse ; sparsely punctured, punctures a little more closely set toward —
basal angles; intervals similarly sculptured to those of scutellum. Metasternum,
episterna and hind coxae with short, sparse, outstanding setae on the first and last,
a mixture of short setae and subrecumbent, slightly squamiform setae present on
episterna. Abdominal segments with recumbent, squamiform setae, slightly more
conspicuous than those of elytra; a few long bristles present also, especially on
penultimate segment ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Legs with anterior
titiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment shorter than second ; tarsal
claws with upper ramus slightly longer than lower, upper ramus slightly emarginate
beneath apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 111 and 112).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but the lamellae of the antennal club are )
shorter, the pygidium is less convex and the basal hind tarsal segment is as long as ~
the one following. |

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 133

Type locality : Newcastle, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Pretoria (B.M. (N.H.), F. and Div.
Ent.) ; Barberton ; Mooiplaats (F.) ; Potchefstroom (F.) ; Kruger National Park ;
Johannesburg (F.) ; Rustenburg.

Total material seen: 38 examples.

S. mediastina Pér.
Schizonycha mediastina Péringuey, 1904, p. 209.
Length 11-11-5 mm. Breadth 5:5 mm.

MALE

Colour fuscous with elytra somewhat lighter. Head with labral emargination
strongly obtuse; anterior clypeal face convex vertically, its row of setiferous
punctures entire; anterior edge of clypeus truncate medially; clypeal carina
arcuate, usually not strongly raised; frontoclypeal suture not distinct; frons
slightly longer in midline than clypeus ; basal cephalic carina well-marked, punctate
behind, sometimes forwardly produced medially ; frontal and clypeal punctures
large, closely set, those of frons slightly scabrose. Pronotwm with anterior border
strongly sinuate, anterior angles obtuse ; posterior angles almost completely rounded;
hind margin without a raised posterior border medially ; lateral borders strongly
serrate, their setae usually slightly shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; disc
with annulate punctures, separated by from less than one to several diameters,
punctures somewhat scabrose along anterior and lateral margins, bearing small,
white, squamiform setae, setae larger and more conspicuous along lateral margins ;
two well-marked, transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas present ; intervals finely,
but distinctly shagreened. Scutellum slightly transverse, variably punctate, usually
with a few punctures anterolaterally, but sometimes impunctate ; intervals finely
shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by about their own diameter, each
bearing a small, squamiform setae as long as, or slightly longer than the diameter of
a puncture ; intervals more coarsely and strongly shagreened than on pronotum ;
lateral borders with long, outstanding, testaceous setae near shoulders, elsewhere
with minute, whitish setae. Pygidium very shallowly annulate-punctate, each
puncture bearing a squamiform seta similar to those of elytra; intervals finely
shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with, for the most part, large,
squamiform setae in punctures, anterior areas of metasternum with long, testaceous,
non-squamiform setae. Abdominal segments with appressed, squamiform setae in
punctures everywhere except for a narrow median area, setae variable in size, mostly
about as large as those on metasternum, some smaller, but always distinctly larger
than those of upper surfaces ; intervals finely shagreened ; a few, outstanding, non-
squamiform setae also present on abdominal segments. Legs with anterior tibiae
strongly tridentate; basal hind tarsal segment about three fourths as long as
second ; femora and tibiae with squamiform setae as well as outstanding bristles ;
tarsal claws (Text-fig. 14) with lower ramus less than half as long as upper and less
robust at base.

134 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES: OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Genitalia (Text-figs. 113 and 114)!

FEMALE. This species is known: from: the male only.

Type locality: S. Africa (no: exact locality) (S.A.Mi).

Other material examined from: Cape Province: Deelfontein:;. ‘ Cap ’” (Krebs.)
(Z.M.B.) ; Nouport (F.).

Total material seen: 14 examples.

S. insuesa Pér.
Schizonycha insuesa Péringuey, 1904, p. 212.

Length 12mm. Breadth 6 mm.

Maur

A description of this species would correspond almost exactly with one of S. barda
Burm. (p. 135) except for the characters mentioned in the key to species and for the:
points referred’ to below:

In S. insuesa the clypeal' carina is slightly more strongly raised. The'setae along,
the lateral borders of the pronotum are relatively longer, being as long:as, or slightly’
longer than the basal anterior tarsal’'segment. The scutellum of the type specimen,
the only example of the species known to me, has a longitudinal median sulcus.
The pygidium is damaged in the holotype. The metasternum, episterna’ and hind
coxae are set with long, though sparse setae and not with merely a few, short,
recumbent, squamiform setae as is the case in S. barda.

Genitalia (Text-fig. rr5) (after Péringuey as the type specimen no longer has
any genitalia).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality: Cape Province (no exact locality) (S.A.M.).

The type is the sole example of this species known to me.

;

S.. puerilis: Pér.
Schizonycha puerilis Péringuey, 1904, p. 209.
Length 9:5-10 mm. Breadth. 4°75,mmi

MALE

Derm pale yellowish. testaceous: with head’ and pronotum slightly darker. Head
with labral emargination: (Text-fig: 1g) strongly obtuse; anterior face of clypeus
feebly convex vertically, without a gap in its row of setiferous punctures ; anterior
edge of clypeus arcuate, somewhat flattened medially’; clypeal carina feebly arcuate,
more or less overlying frontoclypeal! suture except near middle; a very vaguely:
indicated basal cephalic. carina present; clypeali punctures: elongate; frontal’
punctures obliquely transverse, slightly asperose:;, both frontal and clypeal punctures
bearing minute setae. Pvronotum (Text-fig. 35) with anterior border sinuate laterally,
but anterior angles not, or scarcely directed obliquely backward ; posterior angles

A. REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 135

strongly obtuse ; posterior margin. without a raised hind border in front of scutellum ;
setae along lateral pronotal! borders shorter than. basal anterior tarsal segment ;
disc with transverse,. subbasal,.impunctate areas not clearly marked ; punctures of
disc slightly transverse, variably separated. by from.less than one to several diameters,
bearing minute: setae: similar to those on head; intervals finely, but distinctly
shagreened.. Scutellum: slightly transverse; with a few scattered, circular punctures
bearing setae similar to those: of pronotum ;, intervals almost smooth. Elytra with
punctures separated: by: somewhat more: than their diameter, bearing setae as small
as. those on pronotuny; intervals: finely and. rather faintly shagreened; lateral
borders: with. stiff, outstanding setae from bases: to: about level of first abdominal
segment. Pygidium feebly transverse, moderately convex ; shallowly and sparsely
punctured; punctures: usually separated: by more: than their own diameter, bearing
minute, inconspicuous setae; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna
and: hind: coxae rather sparsely setoso-punctate; punctures on anterior parts of
metasternum. with long;. fine; outstanding setae; setae elsewhere much shorter,
slightly coarser, more or less. appressed: Abdominal segments with sparsely set
punctures bearing setae of different lengths, similar to those of metasternum and
epimera:; intervals faintly and: finely shagreened: laterally, almost smooth toward
midline. Legs with: anterior tibiae strongly. tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment
a little shorter than second; upper ramus of all tarsal claws broader and more
than twice as long as lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 67 and 68).

FEMALE. Unknown to me, but Péringuey states that its distinguishing feature
lies in the semicircular anterior edge to the clypeus.

Type locality : The specimen sent to’ me as the type and whose authenticity I
have no reason to doubt, bears the data ‘“‘ Kimberley 1884”. This locality is not
among those listed by Péringuey for the species: (S.:A..M.).

Other material examined! from): Transvaal: Schweizer Reineke.

Other localities given. by Péringuey are: Cape Prov.: Griqualand West ;
Kuruman ; Bechuanaland.

Total material seen: 3 examples.

S. barda Burm.

Schizonycha barda Burmeister, 1855, p. 273.
Schizonycha barda Burm., Péringuey, 1904, p. 218.

Length 10-:7-13. mm. Breadth 5:5~7 mm.

MALE

Colour usually almost black. Head (Text-fig. 20) with labral emargination very
strongly obtuse ; anterior clypeal face almost plane vertically and with a complete,
although sometimes irregularly arranged: row of setiferous punctures along it ;
anterior border of clypeus very broadly truncated medially ; clypeal carina shallowly
raised, feebly arcuate ; basal cephalic carina variable, usually well marked ; clypeal
punctures shallow, their internal margins only sharply formed ; frontal punctures

136 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

shallow, more closely set laterally than medially, antero-internal margins sharply
formed ; both clypeus and frons with minute, recumbent, almost white setae in
punctures. Pronotum with anterior border sinuate laterally ; anterior and posterior
angles obtuse ; posterior margin without a raised hind border in front of scutellum ;
lateral borders bearing outstanding setae shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ;
surface with transverse, subbasal impunctate areas well marked ; disc with more or
less circular, shallow punctures bearing minute setae similar to those of head,
punctures either containing a f\-shaped groove or annulate; intervals finely
shagreened. Scutellum variably punctured, sometimes impunctate; intervals
finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures usually separated by more than their
diameter, bearing minute punctures similar to those of pronotal punctures ; intervals
finely, but distinctly shagreened ; lateral borders with a few long, outstanding setae
near bases, setae elsewhere short, white, more or less appressed. Pygidium very
faintly punctured, punctures separated by several diameters; intervals finely
shagreened ; pygidium feebly convex in profile. Metasternum, episterna and hind
coxae with short, sparsely arranged setae anteriorly, setae on posterior parts of
metasternum, episterna and on hind coxae shorter than elsewhere, often white and
narrowly squamiform. Abdominal segments very sparsely punctate medially,
punctures more closely set toward lateral borders ; punctures bearing either short,
white, appressed, narrowly squamiform setae or slightly longer, fine, non-squamiform
setae; the squamiform setae are of varying length, some longer, others shorter
than squamiform setae of metepisterna ; intervals finely shagreened toward lateral
borders, progressively less strongly so toward middle. Legs (Text-fig. 45) with
anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment about three fourths
as long as second ; tarsal claws with lower ramus very short, set at rightangles to
the upper ramus (Text-fig. 13).

Genitalia (Text-figs. 116 and 117).

FEMALE. Differs from the male in having the body outline oval instead of oblong.
It is apterous and generally larger than the male The tarsal claws of the female
are more stoutly built, especially the short, downwardly directed lower ramus.

Type locality: Natal Bay (coll. Drege) (Univ. Halle).

Other material examined from: Cape Province: Dunbrody, Redhouse (S.A.M.) ;
no exact locality (Fry coll.).

Péringuey gives Uitenhage, Cape Province as a locality for S. barda.

Total material seen : 8 examples.

I have been allowed to examine the material named as S. barda in the Burmeister
collection. It consists of two males, both of which agree with the original description
of the species and with Péringuey’s interpretation of it. I hereby select one of
them, which I have labelled appropriately, as the lectotype of Schizonycha barda
Burmeister.

S. effeta Pér.
Schizonycha effeta Péringuey, 1908, p. 700.

Length 1o-11 mm, Breadth 5 mm,

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 137

MALE

This species is very closely related indeed to S. barda Burm. Externally the two
species are almost indistinguishable but for the colour of S. effeta which is reddish-
testaceous and for the shape of the pygidium which in the latter species is markedly
convex longitudinally. Also in S. effeta the anterior border of the pronotum is
more strongly sinuate toward the anterior angles than it is in the case of S. barda.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 118 and 119).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Pietersburg, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Cape Province: Willowmore (F.).

When describing this species, Péringuey referred to S. transvaalica for a comparison
of external features and used S. furva (= S. affinis Boh.) as a guide to the shape of
the male genitalia. He did not mention the fact that S. effeta is almost inseparable
externally from S. barda other than by colour and a few minor details. The genitalia
of the two species are quite distinct so there is no difficulty in separating male
examples.

S. windhoekensis sp. n.

Length 11-11:-5 mm. Breadth 5-5-5 mm.

MALE

Pale to medium testaceous with head and pronotum usually a little more red in
colour. Head with labral emargination slightly obtuse, middle of emargination
rounded ; anterior face of clypeus convex vertically, with an entire row of setiferous
punctures along it ; anterior clypeal edge shallowly emarginate medially, broadly
rounded laterally ; clypeal carina rather shallowly arcuate ; frontoclypeal suture
visible although almost overlain by carina laterally ; vertex without a transverse
carina, not sharply angled; clypeal punctures with their inner borders sharply
formed, bearing minute, appressed, laterally directed setae; frontal punctures
slightly asperose, their anterior or antero-internal borders sharply formed, bearing
setae similar to those of frons; vertex marked by very closely set punctures.
Pronotum with anterior border strongly sinuate laterally, directed obliquely back-
ward to anterior angles; posterior angles strongly obtuse, briefly rounded ; hind
margin without a raised posterior border; lateral borders with outstanding setae
shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with well-marked transverse,
subbasal, impunctate areas; disc with small, transverse punctures, separated by
from less than one to several diameters, bearing minute, scarcely discernible setae ;
punctures more closely set and slightly asperose along anterior margin ; intervals
between punctures of disc and along margins finely, but strongly shagreened.
Scutellum slightly transverse ; set with small punctures separated by about their
own diameter and bearing minute setae similar to those in pronotal punctures ;
intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by about their own
diameter or a little more, bearing minute setae scarcely more conspicuous than those
of pronotal punctures; intervals between punctures finely, but quite strongly

138 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

shagreened ; lateral borders set with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to apical
borders ; apical borders set with much shorter, inconspicuous setae. Pygidium
convex, much more strongly so near apex than elsewhere; slightly transverse ;
punctures annulate, usually separated by one diameter or more, bearing minute
setae about as long as the diameter of a puncture; intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with fine, non-squamiform setae in punctures;
setae on anterior parts of metasternum much longer than those elsewhere, setae on
metepisterna shorter than shorter setae of metasternum and shorter than those of
hind coxae ; intervals between punctures finely and. faintly shagreened. Abdominal
segments with punctures concentrated. toward lateral margins; punctures along
lateral margins separated by more than one diameter and bearing non-squamifom
setae of varying lengths, the longer setae comparable to those of hind coxae, the
shorter setae less. than half as long, as: this as a.rule; intervals finely shagreened,
progressively less strongly so toward midline. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly
tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment about two thirds as long as second; tarsal
claws with lower ramus about half as long as upper, upper ramus not emarginate
beneath apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 122 and 123).

FEMALE. Slightly more stoutly built than the male. The antennal club is
composed of shorter lamellae, the basal hind tarsal segment is: almost as long as the
second segment and the pygidium is less convex and bears near its apex a large,
nasiform tubercle.

Holotype: A: male in the G. Frey Museum; Munich. Windhoek, S-W. Africa.

Paratypes: 1 male with the same data as the holotype: 1 female Windhuk [sic],
S-W. Afrika. Hartmann leg (F.).

S. marginata sp. n.

Length 10-10:5 mm: Breadth 4-75-5 mm.

MALE

This species is very like S. windhoekensis, described above, but differs as indicated
in the key to species and in the following’ respects.

The head is more sharply angled: at the vertex, showing a tendency to have a
transverse carina there. The: anterior border of the pronotum: is less strongly
sinuate laterally and not directed obliquely backward to anterior angles. The setae
along the lateral borders of the elytra tend to be more sparsely arranged: behind the
level of the hind coxae. The setae on the anterior parts of the metasternum are
relatively shorter.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 120 and 121);

FEMALE.. Extremely similar to the male.

Holotype: A male in the South African Museum; Cape Town: Grootfontein,
S-W. Affrica] March rg29 (J. S. Brown).

Paratypes: 1 female with same data as holotype: 1 female Otjavifontein, S-W.
Africa 20.xi.1933 (K. Jordan).

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 139

This species is clearly closely related to S. windhoekensis, but it is at once distin-
guished from the latter species by the marginal bands of strong, though fine
shagreening on the elytra. This:curious feature is one which it shares with S. livida
Klug (p. 153).

S. gonaqua Per.
Schizonycha gonaqua Péringuey, 1904, p. 212.
Length 12-15 mm. Breadth 5:5-7-5 mm.

MALE

Colour dark castaneous. Head (Text-fig. 22) with labral emargination obtuse ;
anterior face of clypeus vertically convex, without, or with a very brief median
gap in row of setiferous punctures ; anterior edge of clypeus truncate medially ;
clypeal carina angulate medially; surface of clypeus raised medially to form a
blunt, longitudinal median ridge; frons slightly longer in midline than clypeus ;
basal cephalic carina replaced by closely set punctures ; frontal punctures radially
disposed about an anteromedian centre. Pronotum with anterior border strongly
sinuate ; anterior angles slightly produced ; posterior angles obtuse ; lateral borders
serrate, sinuate behind anterior angles, set with setae longer than basal anterior
tarsal segment ; surface with two transverse, impunctate, subbasal declivous areas,
one on either side of midline ; disc with a median longitudinal impunctate space in
most examples, elsewhere with transverse punctures, slightly more closely set anter-
iorly and toward lateral margins, setae in punctures exceedingly minute and incon-
spicuous ; intervals finely and very faintly shagreened ; basal pronotal border not
raised medially. Scutellum profusely punctate laterally; intervals finely and
faintly shagreened. £lytra with punctures separated by more than their diameter,
especially toward apices, punctures bearing minute, inconspicuous setae, scarcely
longer than the diameter of a puncture ; intervals very faintly shagreened around
punctures, sculpture scarcely discernible ; lateral borders with outstanding, testa-
ceous setae from bases almost to apicosutural angles, setae near bases as long as
those along lateral pronotal borders, setae diminishing in length toward elytral
apices. Pygidium transverse ; annulate-punctate, punctures separated by from one
to two diameters, each bearing a minute seta similar to those of elytral punctures ;
intervals finely, but distinctly shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae
closely punctate, punctures on episterna and anterior parts of metasternum often
separated by less than their diameter, bearing long, yellowish white setae. Ab-
dominal segments with slightly asperose punctures ; punctures along midline more
or less restricted to a:single transverse row.on each segment, each puncture with a
long, outstanding, testaceous seta; punctures more numerous toward lateral
margins, many bearing setae as above, others with shorter, recumbent, slightly
squamiform setae ; intervals slightly wrinkled laterally, faintly shagreened toward
extreme lateral margins. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind
tarsal segment almost, or quite as long as second ; tarsal claws with lower ramus
about half as long as upper, upper ramus strongly emarginate beneath apex.

140 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Genitalia (Text-figs. 126 and 127).

FEMALE. Has the antennal club almost as long as that of the male, but may be
distinguished by the following points: The pygidium is almost quadrate and more
convex laterally. The lower ramus of all the tarsal claws is divergent from the
upper ramus, instead of being closely applied to it as it is in the male.

Type locality : Namaqualand, Cape Province (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Cape Province: Garies (S.A.M. and F.) ; Lily-
fontein (S.A.M.) ; Kleinzee (S.A.M.) ; Kamieskroon (S.A.M.) ; all in Namaqualand.

Total material seen : more than 7 examples.

S. gonaquoides sp. n.

Length 13 mm. Breadth 6-7 mm.

MALE

This species is extremely closely related to S. gonaqua, being almost indistinguish-
able from it other than by the characters given in the key to species and by the male
genitalia. The description of S. gonaqua given above will apply equally well to
S. gonaquotdes with the exception of the head characters upon which the separation
of the species is based.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 124 and 125).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Holotype: A male in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Klip Vlei, Garies,
Namaqualand Nov. 1931 (Museum Staff).

Paratype: A male. Lilyfontein, Namaqualand Dec. 1931 (K. H. Barnard).

S. rotunda sp. n.

Length 13-16 mm. Breadth 7-5-9 mm.

FEMALE

Black to piceous. Wings reduced to much less than the length of the metasternum
in most examples. Head with labral emargination about 120°; anterior face of
clypeus vertically convex, gap in row of setiferous punctures narrow; anterior
clypeal edge broadly truncate medially ; clypeal carina distinct, not very strongly
arcuate ; basal cephalic carina indicated by a marked angulation of the head bordered
posteriorly by a band of very closely set punctures ; clypeus with a median longi-
tudinal carina; frons slightly longer in midline than clypeus; clypeal punctures
scabrose, frontal punctures irregular in size and spacing; punctures of frons and
clypeus with small, recumbent, white, squamiform setae. Pvronotum with anterior
border almost evenly curved, briefly and shallowly arcuate just inside obtuse
anterior angles ; posterior angles strongly obtuse, briefly rounded ; strongly serrate
lateral borders with outstanding, curved, testaceous setae longer than basal anterior
segment ; hind border not raised medially ; surface with two transverse, subbasal,

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 141

impunctate declivous areas, one on either side of midline ; disc with a longitudinal
median impunctate space, elsewhere with transverse, often anteriorly emarginate
punctures (Text-fig. 7), separated by from less than one to almost two diameters,
each with a seta similar to those on head ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened ;
punctures along anterior margin feebly scabrose. Scutellum strongly transverse,
annulate-punctate laterally, setae in punctures similar to those of pronotal disc ;
intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by slightly
more than one diameter, each with a minute anterior tubercle from which arises a
white, squamiform seta, broader and a little longer than those of pronotum ; intervals
finely shagreened, more strongly so than pronotal intervals; lateral borders with
outstanding, testaceous setae from bases to level of apex of third abdominal segment,
setae near bases as long as those along lateral pronotal borders, others decreasing in
length toward elytral apices. Pygidium slightly transverse ; annulate-punctate,
punctures usually separated by more than their own diameter and each with a
-squamiform seta similar to, although sometimes slightly longer than, those of
elytra ; a more or less clearly defined, longitudinal median, impunctate area present ;
intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae usually with
long, fine, yellowish-white setae in punctures, metasternum and occasionally episterna
also, with a few large, white, squamiform setae amongst hairs. Abdominal segments
almost impunctate along midline, punctures, except on penultimate segment where
they are more numerous, restricted to little more than a single, transverse row on
each from which arise suberect bristles ; the single row on each segment is continued
laterally, but here is accompanied by other punctures which bear large, appressed,
white, squamiform setae, larger than any on upper surfaces; punctures along
extreme lateral margins with smaller squamiform setae, some no larger than those
on elytra ; intervals extremely faintly shagreened medially, slightly more obviously
so laterally. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate; basal hind tarsal
segment as long as second ; tarsal claws of all legs with lower ramus less than half
as long as upper and less robust at base ; lower ramus divergent from upper, upper
ramus emarginate beneath apex.

MALE. Unknown.

Holotype: In the South African Museum, Cape Town. East of Pakhuis Pass,
Cape Province, Sept. 1947 (Mus. Exp.).

Paratypes: 4 with same data as holotype (S.A.M. and B.M. (N.H.)).

Although I have seen only the female of this species I have not hesitated to describe
_ it in this revision for I feel that further collecting will establish the identity of the
male. It may be one of those species already described, or it may have yet to be
found.

S. globator (F.)

Scarabaeus globator Fabricius, 1781, p. 20.
Scarabaeus globator Fabricius, 1787, p. 10.
Scavabaeus globatoy Fabricius, 1792, p. 33.
Geotrupes globatoy (Fabricius), 1801, p. 21.
Melolontha globatoy (Fabricius) Olivier, 1789, p. 40, Tab. 6, Text-fig. 60.

142 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Melolontha globator (Fabricius) Schénherr, 1817, p. 171.
Schizonycha globator (Fabricius) Blanchard, 1850, :p. 149.
Schizonycha globatoy (Fabricius) Burmeister, 1855, p. 266.
Schizonycha globator (Fabricius) Péringuey, 1904, p. 204.
Schizonycha idonea Péringuey, 1904, p. 205 (syn. nov.).

Length 10-12 mm. Breadth 6-6-5 mm.

MALE

Colour black, derm dull. Head with labral emargination rectangular or slightly
obtuse ; anterior face of clypeus convex vertically, with at most a narrow median
gap in its row of setiferous punctures ; anterior ‘border of clypeus broadly flattened
medially, arcuate laterally ; clypeal carina strongly ‘raised, almost straight, weakly
angled medially ; vertex sharply ‘angled, ‘with at most a vague indication of a
transverse carina ; clypeal punctures large, their antero-internal ‘borders sharply
marked ; frontal punctures rather:more:closely set ‘than clypeal punctures, ‘also with
their antero-internal borders sharply defined ; ‘both ‘frontal and clypeal punctures
bearing small, white, slightly squamiform setae ; clypeus usually with a more ‘or
less well defined longitudinal: median carina. -Pronotwm with anterior border moder-
ately sinuate laterally, with anterior angles not or only slightly directed obliquely
backward ; posterior angles strongly obtuse, briefly rounded; ‘posterior margin
without a raised hind border in front of scutellum ; lateral borders with outstanding
setae as long as or longer ‘than basalianterior tarsal segment ; surface with transverse,
subbasal impunctate areas not well defined; punctures on disc large, circular,
containing either a f\-shaped groove or annulate (Text-fig. 8) and bearing small,
white, slightly squamiform setae, only .a little larger than those :on head, :if at all ;
intervals finely shagreened:; punctures along anterior margin more closely set than
those of disc and slightly asperose. :Scutellum:slightly transverse, with or without —
a few punctures laterally ; punctures, if present, smaller than those of pronotal disc,
containing slightly smaller setae ; intervals finely shagreened. -Elyirva-with punctures
separated by more than their own diameter as a rule, bearing narrowly squamiform
setae, usually slightly broader and longer than those of pronotum ; «intervals finely
shagreened ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding:setae from bases ‘to level of third
abdominal segment, setae thence to apicosutural :angles very small. Pygidium
slightly transverse ; shallowly annulate-punctate ; punctures separated by a little
less than their diameter, bearing white setae smaller than those of-elytra ; intervals —
finely shagreened. Metasternum, <episterna and ‘hind coxae set for the most part
with long, fine, yellowish setae, sometimes with rather ‘shorter setae on hinder parts
of metasternum and episterna. Abdominal segments each with a transverse row of
punctures bearing fine, outstanding setae as well as other punctures bearing short,
white, appressed, more or less squamiform setae ; setae of the second kind broader
and more numerous toward lateral borders ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened,
distinctly less strongly so than intervals between ‘coarse élytral punctures. Legs
with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment not or only
slightly shorter than second ; tarsal claws with ‘lower ramus as broad.as upper and —
more than half as long.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 143

Genitalia (Text-figs. 128 and 129).

FEMALE. Broader than male and more rounded in outline. Scutellum broadly
transverse. Hind tarsi distinctly shorter than in the male and with the basal segment
of the hind tarsi longer than the second. The setae along the lateral elytral borders
from halfway to the apices are usually larger than in the male and are quite con-
spicuous to the naked eye. :

Type locality : Cape of Good Hope (B.M. (N.H.)).

Other material examined from: Cape Province: Stellenbosch (Type of S. sdonea
Pér.) (S.A.M.) ; Klip Vlei, Namaqualand (S.A.M.). Ceres. “‘ Cape of Good Hope”’
(B.S.S. and N.H.R.M.). “S. Africa ’’ (no exact locality).

Total material seen: 11 examples.

Having had the opportunity of comparing the Péringuey type specimen of
S. tdonea with the type of S. globator (F.), I have no doubt but that they are one
species. Péringuey’s redescription of the species was no doubt due to his not
associating the male idonea with the female of globator, the only sex he recognized of
the latter species.

S. jordani sp. n. (Text-fig. 3)
Length 115-13 mm. Breadth 5-6 mm.

MALE

Testaceous with head and pronotum darker. Head with anterior face of labrum
scarcely emarginate at all; anterior clypeal face slightly reflexed medially, with an
uninterrupted row of setiferous punctures along it ; anterior edge of clypeus straight
medially, rounded laterally ; clypeal carina clearly marked and evenly arcuate for
median four sixths, almost obliterated near eyes; frontoclypeal suture not very
distinct ; vertex without a transverse carina and not sharply angled; clypeal
punctures close-set, elongate, their internal borders sharply formed, punctures
bearing minute setae ; frontal punctures slightly asperose, smaller and more closely
set across vertex than elsewhere, bearing minute setae as on clypeus. Pronotum
with anterior border shallowly arcuate medially, strongly sinuate laterally and
directed obliquely backward to anterior angles; posterior angles very strongly
obtuse ; hind margin with an indistinctly raised posterior border in front of scutel-
lum; lateral borders not or scarcely crenulate for anterior fourth, bearing out-
standing setae, some of which are at least as long as basal anterior tarsal segment ;
surface with clearly indicated, transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas; disc with
small, sometimes slightly asperose punctures, each containing an inverted U-shaped
groove and bearing a minute seta about as long as the diameter of a puncture ;
discal punctures separated by one diameter or more, punctures along anterior
margin more closely set and more noticeably asperose ; intervals with fine and faint
shagreening and with micropunctures separated by several diameters. Scutellum
transverse (2 : 3) ; punctured along lateral margins, punctures slightly larger than
those on pronotal disc, bearing minute setae and also containing an inverted U-
shaped groove ; intervals finely and rather faintly shagreened. Elytra with punc-

ENTOM. 9, 2. II

144 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

tures separated by from slightly less than one to about two diameters, bearing fine
setae about equal in length to the diameter of a puncture; intervals finely sha-
greened ; lateral borders with outstanding setae from bases to apical borders ; apical
borders set with very short, stiff setae. Pygidium slightly transverse (10 : 13) ;
convex, more strongly so near apex than elsewhere ; punctures small, annulate,
separated by from one to about two diameters, bearing minute, scarcely discernible
setae about as long as the diameter of a puncture ; apical half of pygidium usually
distinctly less closely punctured than elsewhere ; intervals finely and faintly sha-
greened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with long, fine, almost white setae
in punctures ; intervals between punctures almost smooth. Abdominal segments
set with slightly asperose punctures ; few punctures present across middle of seg-
ments, most punctures concentrated along lateral margins, but even here they are
usually separated by at least one diameter; punctures bearing either short, fine,
appressed, non-squamiform setae or longer, subrecumbent hairs, the latter being
more or less confined to a single transverse row on each side of each segment except
the penultimate where they are more scattered ; shorter setae variable in length,
but usually equal to between one and two puncture diameters ; intervals finely and
faintly shagreened laterally, almost or quite smooth toward midline. Legs with
anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment a little more than
half as long as second ; tarsal claws with lower ramus about three fourths as long
as upper ramus and slightly broader, upper ramus emarginate beneath apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 130 and 131).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but with shorter lamellae to the antennal
club and with a flatter pygidium which is not more strongly convex apically than
elsewhere.

Holotype: A male in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Otjikata Lake, S-W.
Africa 16.xi.1933 (K. Jordan).

Paratypes: 5 males, 1 female with the same data as the holotype. 2 females
Sissekab, S-W. Africa 11.xi.33 (K. Jordan). 1 male Otjikoto-Deinap, S. West
Africa Jan. 1923 Mus. Exped. (S.A.M.).

This species is very closely related in general appearance to S. geilenkeuseri Brske.
(p. 190) and to S. boschimana Pér. (p. 189), but it appears in a different position in
the key to species as it has setae on the basal border of the mentum, a feature absent
from the other two.

S. clypealis sp. n.
Length 9-11 mm. Breadth 4-5 mm.

MALE

Colour pale testaceous with head and pronotum slightly darker. Head with labral
emargination obtuse ; anterior clypeal face vertically convex, with an entire row of
setiferous punctures along it ; anterior edge of clypeus backwardly angled medially
where it is joined by a longitudinal median clypeal carina ; transverse clypeal carina
usually arcuate; basal cephalic carina not strongly marked, usually forwardly
arcuate when viewed from above; clypeus longer in midline than frons ; clypeal

ae hms

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 145

punctures elongate ; frontal punctures irregular in size and distribution. Pronotum
with anterior border sinuate, anterior angles directed obliquely backward ; posterior
angles obtuse ; posterior margin with a feebly raised hind border in front of scutel-
lum; lateral borders set with outstanding setae as long as basal anterior tarsal
segment ; disc usually with a longitudinal median and two transverse, subbasal
impunctate areas ; elsewhere set with transverse, anteriorly emarginate punctures,
somewhat scabrose along anterior margin, bearing minute, inconspicuous setae ;
intervals finely shagreened. Scutellum transverse; variably punctate; intervals
finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by about their own diameter or
slightly less, setae in them a little more conspicuous than those of pronotal punctures ;
stiff, outstanding setae along lateral borders sparsely set, reaching from bases to, or
almost to, apices ; intervals of elytral disc very faintly roughened. Pygidium more
or less evenly annulate-punctate or with punctures more closely set toward basal
angles ; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with
punctures usually bearing long, fine setae, but with some, particularly on episterna
and postero-lateral metasternal areas bearing large, squamiform setae much larger
than setae in elytral punctures ; intervals between punctures very faintly roughened.
Abdominal segments with punctures concentrated toward lateral margins, some
punctures bearing narrowly squamiform setae, others, especially toward middle and
along penultimate segment, with long, non-squamiform setae ; intervals faintly and
finely shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal
segment slightly shorter than second; tarsal claws not deeply cleft, upper ramus
twice as long as lower, sometimes somewhat broader.

Genitalia: (Text-figs. 132 and 133.)

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but has the basal hind tarsal segment as
long as the second, the pygidium is relatively flatter and the lamellae of the antennal
club are slightly shorter.

Holotype: A male in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Hoffnung, S-W. Africa,

1,850 m. 5.1.1934 (K. Jordan).

_ Paratypes: 5 males and 1 female with the same data as the holotype. 1 female
Hoffnung, S-W. Africa 11.1933 (K. Jordan). 1 female Hoffnung, S-W. Africa,
1,850 m. 26.1.1934 (K. Jordan). 1 male Otikata Lake, S.W. Africa 16.11.1933
(K. Jordan). 1 male Narubis, S-W. Africa Mar. 1921 (K. H. Barnard) (S.A.M.).
I female Ombombo, S-W. Africa Feb. 1926 (Mus. Exped.) (S.A.M.). 2 males and
I female Windhoek, S-W. Africa (Hartmann (F. and B.M. (N.H.)). 1 male and 1
female Abachaus, Otjiwarongo Dist. S-W. Afr. 1.1953 leg. G. Hobohm (B.S.S.).

S. damarina Pér.
Schizonycha damarina Péringuey, 1908, p. 678.
Length 16-5 mm. Breadth 8-5 mm.
FEMALE

Head and pronotum testaceous, elytra pale yellow. Head with angle formed by
labral emargination about 120°; anterior clypeal face vertically convex, without a

146 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ; anterior edge of clypeus very shallowly
arcuate, lateral edges sinuate ; clypeal carina very feebly arcuate, almost overlying
frontoclypeal suture; vertex with a roughly formed transverse carina which is
obliterated medially by a patch of close-set punctures ; clypeal punctures more or
less elongate ; frontal punctures irregular in outline and spacing, very closely set
toward lateral borders. Pronotum with anterior border strongly sinuate laterally ;
obtuse anterior angles directed obliquely backward; posterior angles obtuse ;
posterior margin with an entire raised hind border between hind angles; lateral
borders set with outstanding setae usually much longer than basal anterior tarsal
segment ; surface with two, almost impunctate, subbasal, transverse areas and disc
with a longitudinal median impunctate area as well; punctures of disc faintly
scabrose, more closely set and more strongly scabrose along anterior margin and
anterolaterally ; punctures bearing minute, scarcely discernible setae; intervals
with faint traces of shagreening, more noticeable toward lateral margins. Scutellum
irregularly punctate laterally ; punctures bearing minute setae as on pronotum ;
intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by about their own
diameter, bearing setae similar to those of pronotum; intervals almost smooth,
very faintly shagreened ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases
almost to apices, becoming shorter toward apicosutural angles. Pygidium trans-
verse ; convex, finely, sparsely and shallowly punctured ; intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna, hind coxae closely scabrosopunctate, with long, fine, very
pale yellow setae in punctures. Abdominal segments with long, subrecumbent,
yellow setae in punctures ; setae darker and coarser than those of metasternum ;

intervals between punctures almost smooth. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly —

tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment slightly longer than second (8:7). (The
tarsal claws are missing from the type specimen, but Péringuey describes them as
being with the lower ramus “ as large and as strongly hooked as the upper ’’.).

Mate. Unknown.

Type locality : Okahandja, Damaraland, S-W. Africa (S.A.M.).

I have seen only the holotype of this species and am unable to relate it to a male.

S. ciliata Burm.
Schizonycha ciliata Burmeister, 1855, p. 268.

Length 15-16°5 mm. Breadth 8-9 mm.

MALE

Colour castaneous, head and pronotum usually darker than elytra. Head with
labral emargination almost rectangular; anterior clypeal face vertically convex,
almost always with a moderately obvious median gap in its row of setiferous punc-

tures ; anterior edge of clypeus biarcuate, sometimes weakly sinuate toward eyes ; ©

clypeal carina very feebly arcuate, usually shallowly angulate medially; fronto-
clypeal suture visible; vertex without a transverse carina, moderately sharply
angled, marked by small, closely-set punctures ; clypeus with a median longitudinal

a

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 147

carina arising from anterior edge and running backward toward clypeal carina ;
clypeal punctures elongate, their internal borders sharply formed, punctures
separated by about one transverse diameter, bearing minute, laterally-directed
setae; frontal punctures transverse, small, variably spaced, often separated by
more than one diameter on middle of frons, but much more closely set toward eyes,
punctures bearing setae similar to those of clypeus. Pronotum with anterior border
sinuate laterally, directed obliquely backward toward anterior angles ; posterior
angles obtuse ; posterior margin without a raised hind border in front of scutellum ;
crenulate lateral borders set with setae longer than basal anterior tarsal segment ;
surface usually with well-marked transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas and with a
longitudinal median impunctate space as well; discal punctures transverse, fre-
quently separated by more or less their longitudinal diameter, punctures annulate
or containing an inverted U-shaped groove and each bearing a minute seta not much
longer than the length of a puncture; setae in punctures toward anterior angles
larger than those of disc; punctures along anterior margin more closely set than
those of disc, but not more asperose; intervals finely, often faintly shagreened.
Scutellum slightly transverse (6:7); impunctate mediobasally and along lateral
margins ; punctures elsewhere similar to those of pronotum and bearing similar
setae ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by more or
less their own diameter on disc, a little more sparsely arranged toward apices ;
punctures bearing minute setae, scarcely more conspicuous than those of pronotum ;
intervals smooth or with traces of shagreening ; lateral borders with stiff, outstand-
ing setae from bases to apices (Text-fig. 29). Pygidium not strongly transverse
(12:15); convex; set with annulate punctures usually separated by more than
their diameter and bearing setae similar to those of pronotum ; setae in punctures
generally longer toward upper angles of pygidium; intervals between punctures
finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae densely clothed with
long, fine, pale yellow setae ; punctures close-set, annulate ; intervals sometimes
faintly shagreened. Abdominal segments more closely punctured toward lateral
margins than on disc, punctures across middle of each segment often confined to a
single row bearing long, fine, subrecumbent, yellow setae ; punctures toward and
along lateral margins separated by their own diameter or more, bearing short,
appressed, white, narrowly squamiform setae; intervals finely, but not strongly
shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate; basal hind tarsal
segment about as long as second; tarsal claws with upper ramus nearly twice as
long as lower and emarginate beneath apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 138 and 139).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but with shorter lamellae to the antennal
club, with a flatter pygidium, particularly longitudinally, and with the basal hind
tarsal segment a little longer than the succeeding segment.

Type locality : S-W. Africa (Univ. of Halle).

Other material examined from : Cape Province : Olifants river, between Citrusdal
and Clanwilliam (S.A.M.); Garies (F. and B.M. (N.H.)) ; 12 miles from Klaver (F.
and B.M. (N.H.)).

Total material seen ; 10 examples,

148 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

There is a single female example over the name S. ciliata in the Burmeister collec-
tion at Halle. It agrees with the description of that species given by Burmeister and
there is no reason for not regarding it as the type specimen of S. ciliata. As noted
on p. 186 of this paper, Péringuey misinterpreted S. ciliata Burm., redescribing
S. perforata Burm. under the former name and regarding the latter as a species known
to him from its description alone and unidentifiable.

S. laticia n. n.
Schizonycha comosa Péringuey (nec Burm.), 1904, p. 206.

Length 14°5-16 mm. Breadth 7-5-8-5 mm.

MALE

This species is very similar to S. ciliata Burm. (p. 146), but the latter generally
runs to a different section of the key to species because it almost always has a
noticeable median gap in the row of setiferous punctures across the anterior face of
the clypeus. S. laticia differs from S. ciliata by this character, by the other characters
referred to in the key and by the following points.

The median longitudinal clypeal carina is much shorter, generally extending only
a short distance backward from the anterior edge of the clypeus. The anterior
border of the pronotum is less strongly sinuate laterally and is not directed obliquely
backward to the anterior angles.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 136 and 137).

FEMALE. Unknown tome. Péringuey states that it has the median longitudinal
impunctate space on the pronotum more distinct than it is in the male. He also
says that there is no longitudinal median impunctate area on the pygidium in the
Female.

Type locality : Péringuey gives Willowmore and Beaufort West, both in S-W.
Cape Province as localities for this species.

Other material examined from: Cape Province : Matjesfontein ; Letjesbosch Koup —

(S.A.M.) ; Thee Kloof, Fraserburg div. (S.A.M.); and a single example in the
Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, labelled ‘‘ Orlog Rivier. Meyer ”’.

Total material seen: 5 examples.

The species which Péringuey interpreted as S. comosa Burm. is quite clearly

identifiable from the figure given by him of the male genitalia. The material I ©

have identified as this species also agrees with the size range given by Péringuey,
the distribution he quotes and the few remarks he gives as to its general appearance.
Thus, although I have not seen material identified by Péringuey as S. comosa, I am
quite certain that I am familiar with the species to which he applied this name.

There is no material extant in either Burmeister’s or Germar’s collections bearing —

the name S. comosa Burm. It is not possible from the description alone to be certain
as to its identity, but a comparison of the description with the species interpreted
by Péringuey as S. comosa gives the following results,

——

eS

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 149

Burmeister gives the length of his species as 5”’ (13 mm.) and states that it is
much narrower in build than S. corrosa Burm. The width of the latter species
varies from 6:5~7-5 mm. (the type specimen being 7 mm. broad). The size of
S.comosa which thus emerges is not compatible with the range given by Péringuey.

The locality given by Burmeister for S. comosa is “‘ Weihnachtsbai”’ (= Bay of
Natal). As far as can be seen at present, the species interpreted by Péringuey as
S. comosa has a rather restricted distribution in the south western part of Cape
Province.

The original description of S. comosa compares the species with S. corrosa. Bur-
meister states that the anterior angles of the pronotum are sharper than in corrosa.
In the Péringuey species they are distinctly less sharp than in S. corrosa. The setae
in the punctures of the metasternum, episterna and hind coxae of the species
described above are very pale yellow and not red-gold as noted by Burmeister in
the case of S. comosa.

It would thus appear quite clear that Péringuey misinterpreted S. comosa Burm.,
applying the name to a hitherto unknown species. This species is renamed and
redescribed above as S. laticia.

As inferred above, I have been unable to establish the true identity of S. comosa
Burm. I have listed it and its description among the “‘ Species Incertae Sedis ” on
p. 74 of this paper.

S. quaesita Pér.
Schizonycha quaesita Péringuey, 1904, p. 216.
Length 14 mm. Breadth 8 mm.

MALE

Colour black, dull. Head with labral emargination actute; anterior face of
clypeus not vertically convex, with a broad median gap in its row of setiferous
punctures ; clypeal carina broadly arcuate, feebly raised toward lateral borders ;
vertex moderately sharply angled, with at most a vestigial transverse carina laterally;
clypeus with somewhat elongate, closely set punctures, their internal borders sharply
defined, punctures bearing small, pale yellow setae; frontal punctures obliquely
transverse, their antero-internal borders sharply marked, bearing setae slightly
larger and more conspicuous than those of clypeus. Pronotwm with anterior border
evenly emarginate ; posterior margin without a raised hind border in front of
scutellum ; surface with clearly marked, transverse, subbasal impunctate areas ;
disc with a longitudinal median impunctate area ; discal punctures coarse, separated
by less than one diameter as a rule, containing an inverted U-shaped groove and
bearing small, pale yellow setae about as long as the diameter of a puncture ; intervals
between coarse punctures finely shagreened ; lateral borders crenulate, set with
stiff, outstanding setae of varying length, some longer than basal anterior tarsal
segment. Scutellum transverse ; punctures smaller than those of pronotum, usually
congregated laterally ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated
by one diameter or slightly more, bearing pale yellow, faintly squamiform setae a

150 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

little more conspicuous than those of pronotum; intervals finely shagreened ;
lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to level of hind coxae, set
with much shorter and less conspicuous setae from level of hind coxae to apical
borders. Pygidium transverse (II : 13-15) ; annulate-punctate, punctures separated
by more than one diameter, each bearing a small seta, slightly smaller than those of
elytra ; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with
long testaceous setae and broad squamiform setae in punctures, the latter mainly
on episterna, lateral margins of hind coxae and toward posterior angles of metas-
ternum ; squamiform setae much larger than any on upper surfaces. Abdominal
segments sparsely punctured, especially medially ; punctures bearing conspicuous,
whitish yellow, squamiform setae, some of them larger than those of upper surfaces,
but smaller than those of epimera and hind coxae ; intervals finely shagreened, more
strongly so toward lateral margins. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ;
basal hind tarsal segment four fifths as long as second ; lower ramus of tarsal claws
less than half as long as upper and much finer.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 140 and 141).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality: Klerksdorp, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: A single example from the South African Museum,
also probably from Klerksdorp.

Péringuey gives Johannesburg, Transvaal as a locality for this species.

S. compacta sp. n.

Length 12:5-13°5 mm. Breadth 6-5-8 mm.

MALE

Colour black to piceous; not very shining. Head with labral emargination
weakly acute ; anterior clypeal face reflexed, almost plane vertically, with a broad
median gap in its row of setiferous punctures; clypeal carina arcuate; fronto-
clypeal suture clearly marked ; vertex with a clearly marked transverse carina which
is, however not strongly raised ; clypeal punctures elongate, their internal borders
more sharply marked than other borders, punctures bearing short, golden, non-
squamiform setae ; frontal punctures with their antero-internal borders only sharply
formed, punctures bearing setae similar to those of clypeal punctures. Pronotum
with anterior border evenly emarginate ; posterior margin without a raised hind
border in front of scutellum ; posterior angles obtuse; lateral borders with out-
standing setae about twice as long as basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with
well-marked transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas; surface elsewhere set with
coarse, variably separated punctures, each containing an inverted U-shaped or
M-shaped groove, or annulate, each puncture bearing a small, white, squamiform
seta ; a median longitudinal impunctate area usually present; intervals between
punctures finely, but strongly shagreened. Scutellum broadly transverse (1 : 2);
coarsely punctured, especially laterally, punctures containing inverted U-shaped

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 151

grooves or annulate, bearing squamiform setae somewhat smaller than those of pro-
notum ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by considerably
more than one diameter, especially toward apices ; punctures bearing squamiform
setae slightly smaller than those of pronotum ; intervals finely, but strongly sha-
greened ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae from shoulders to level of hind
_ coxae only ; inflected lateral borders broadened medially, evanescent toward apices
(Text-fig. 43). Pygidium very slightly transverse ; faintly and sparsely annulate-
punctate, punctures usually separated by more, often by much more than one
diameter ; punctures bearing small, slightly squamiform setae; intervals finely
shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with punctures separated for
the most part by one diameter, containing inverted U-shaped grooves and bearing
either short, outstanding setae or shorter, subrecumbent, squamiform setae, the
latter more especially posteriorly and postero-laterally ; squamiform setae con-
siderably larger than those of upper surfaces. Abdominal segments more closely
punctate laterally than medially; punctures of first four segments with small
tubercles at their anterior borders, more noticeable laterally ; punctures of fifth
segment annulate; punctures bearing short, appressed, squamiform setae; fifth
segment with long, fine setae as well as squamiform setae; intervals between
punctures of abdominal segments finely shagreened, less strongly so toward midline.
Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment four fifths as long
as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus considerably shorter and finer than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 134 and 135).

FEMALE. Differs from the male by the shorter lamellae of the antennal club and
by the more rounded outline of the elytra.

Holotype: A male in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Van Reenen, Drakensberg,
Natal 55-6500 Ft. x ’26 (R. E. Turner).

Paratypes: 4 males and 2 females with same data as holotype. 1 male Ulundi,
Natal 9. ’96 (G. A. K. Marshall).

S. piceonigra sp. n. (Text-fig. 2)
Length 10-5-12:5 mm. Breadth 5-5-6 mm.

MALE

Black to piceous ; dull. This species is closely related to both S. compacta sp. n.
and S. spuria Pér., differing from them as indicated in the key to species. The
facies of this species approach more closely those of S. spuria than those of
S. compacta, but it is distinguished from the former by the more conspicuous setae of
the upper and lower surfaces and by the fact that the lamellae of the antennal
club are about one and one half times as long as the funicle whereas they are twice
as long as the funicle in S. spuria.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 142 and 143).

FEMALE. I have examined two specimens, one in the Museum G. Frey and bearing
the data “ Johannesburg, Siid-Afrika, v.1949 Zumpt ” and another in the British
Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, with the data “ Int, S, Afr.”, which I believe to be

152 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

the female of this species. They differ from the males by their more rounded form,
shorter lamellae of the antennal club, relatively larger head and by having reduced,
non-functional wings. .

Holotype: A male in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Pretoria (Transvaal)
W.L.D. (1899).

Paratypes: 1 male with same data as holotype. 1 male Pretoria 1913 (L. M.
Bucknill). 3 males Cape Town x.96 (J. P. Cregoe). 2 males, 1 female Int. S. Afr.
43:19 [Burke]. 1 male Pascoe Coll. 93.60. 1 male Zoutsp. [Zoutpansberg]

Transvaal g9:118 (Kaessner). 1 female Johannesb[ur]g, Siid Afrika v.1949
(Zumpt) (F.).

S. spuria Pér.
Schizonycha spuria Péringuey, 1904, p. 237.
Length 11 mm. Breadth 5-75 mm.

MALE

Colour black to piceous, not very shining. This species is very closely related to
both S. piceonigra and S. compacta, but may be distinguished from them as indicated
in the key to species. The male genitalia of this species are very similar indeed to
those of S. compacta, but in the latter species the head is much broader in proportion
to the pronotum than is the case with S. spuria.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 144 and 145).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type Locality : Rustenburg, Lydenburg, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Johannesburg.

Total material seen : 3 examples.

S. pseudosquamifera sp. n.
Length 13 mm. Breadth 6-5 mm.

MALE

Colour black to piceous. Head with labral emargination forming an angle of 90°
or slightly more ; anterior clypeal face slightly convex, row of setiferous punctures
interrupted medially ; anterior edge of clypeus truncate medially, slightly reflexed ;
both clypeus and frons very closely punctured, punctures bearing conspicuous,
whitish, squamiform setae ; clypeal carina regularly arcuate, frontoclypeal suture
distinct ; basal cephalic carina indicated by a somewhat irregular row of contiguous
punctures. Pronotwm with anterior border evenly arcuate ; anterior and posterior
angles obtuse ; lateral borders with outstanding, curved, testaceous setae longer
than basal anterior tarsal segment ; hind border not raised medially ; surface with
two narrow, transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas, one on either side of midline ;
punctures of disc and margins coarse, each containing an inverted U-shaped groove
and bearing a conspicuous, pointed, squamiform seta, broader than those on head ;
discal punctures irregularly spaced, often separated by half a diameter or even less ;

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 153

intervals finely, but strongly shagreened (microsculpture readily visible under x 20
magnification). Scutellum transverse, squamoso-punctate laterally, squamae as on
pronotum ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by slightly
more than their diameter and bearing squamiform setae similar to those on prono-
tum ; intervals with more obvious microsculpture than pronotal intervals ; lateral
borders with a mixture of long, outstanding, testaceous setae and minute, slightly
squamiform setae from bases to level of hind coxae, minute setae only from hind
coxae to apicosutural angles. Pygidium slightly transverse, almost flat longitudin-
ally, distinctly convex transversely ; annulate-punctate, punctures separated their
own diameter or less ; setae in punctures smaller than those of elytra, with rounded
apices, suberect medio-apically, elsewhere recumbent ; intervals finely reticulate,
less strongly so than elytral intervals. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with
punctures usually annulate, a few containing an inverted, U-shaped groove, bearing
either long, pale setae or very broad, conspicuous, squamiform setae, broader than
any on upper surfaces, rounded apically ; squamiform setae confined to postero-
lateral parts of metasternum, posterior two thirds of epimera and to hind coxae, a
few scattered squamae also present on metasternal disc. Abdominal segments
with squamiform setae in punctures, setae broad, rounded apically, variable in size,
those toward lateral margins almost as broad as metasternal squamae, setae more
widely spaced and distinctly narrower toward midline; penultimate segment with
a single transverse row of long bristles as well as squamae ; intervals finely and
faintly reticulate. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment
almost as long as second (4:5); tarsal claws with lower tooth less than half as long
as upper and widely divergent from it (as in Text-fig. 10).

Genitalia (Text-figs. 156 and 157).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Holotype: In British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Graaf Reinet, Cape Province 24-
27.X.1931 (Ogilvie).

Paratype: Middleburg [Cape Province] Nov. 1935 (Museum Staff) (S.A.M.).

In general facies this species is very similar to S. squamifera Wallengren (p. 195),
but the presence of setae along the base of the mentum place it in a different section
of the key to species.

S. livida Klug

Schizonycha livida Klug, 1855, p. 658.
Schizonycha livida Klug, 1862, p. 257.
Schizonycha zambeziana Péringuey, 1904, p. 240 (syn. nov.).

Length 14mm. Breadth 6-5 mm.

MALE

Derm dark testaceous with head and pronotum usually darker. Occasional
specimens are almost fuscous. Head with labral emargination acute ; anterior face
of clypeus vertically plane, with a moderate median gap in its row of setiferous
punctures ; clypeal carina weakly arcuate, almost straight medially ; frontoclypeal
suture indistinct ; vertex with a fine, but clearly raised transverse carina which has

154 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

a groove immediately behind it ; clypeal punctures elongate, their internal borders
sharply impressed; frontal punctures asperose. Pronotum with anterior border
sinuate laterally, forwardly arcuate medially; anterior angles slightly oblique ;
posterior angles obtuse ; posterior margin without a raised hind border in front of
scutellum ; lateral borders with outstanding setae shorter than basal anterior tarsal
segment ; surface with well-marked, but short, transverse, subbasal impunctate
areas ; discal punctures each containing an inverted U-shaped groove, somewhat
asperose along anterior margin, bearing small, but conspicuous, white, squamiform
setae ; intervals about equal to diameter of punctures, finely shagreened. Scutellum
transverse (3:4); laterally punctate; intervals finely, but much more strongly
shagreened than intervals between pronotal punctures. Elytva with punctures
separated by about one diameter and bearing setae as on pronotum; intervals
with very faint microsculpture on disc, almost smooth, very strongly shagreened
along lateral margins; lateral borders with outstanding setae from bases to level
of second or third abdominal segment, interspersed with short, squamiform setae.
Pygidium slightly transverse ; sparsely and evenly annulate-punctate except for
impunctate apical marginal area; punctures bearing squamiform setae similar to
those on elytra; intervals finely, but quite strongly shagreened. Metasternum,
metepisterna and hind coxae with punctures (except for some punctures on anterior
metasternal margin and some on mediobasal metasternal area) bearing broad,
squamiform setae much larger than those of upper surfaces; intervals almost
smooth. Abdominal segments with punctures bearing squamiform setae of varying
sizes, larger laterally than along midline; intervals finely shagreened laterally,
progressively less strongly so toward midline. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly
tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment a little more than half as long as second
(4: 7); tarsal claws with upper ramus much finer and a little shorter than lower on
middle and front legs, rami of tarsal claws of hind legs almost equal in length.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 150 and 151).

FEMALE. Similar to the male, but with the lamellae of the antennal club shorter
and with the upper ramus of all tarsal claws almost as long as lower although more
slender.

Type locality : Tete, Zambesi (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Sebakwe (S.A.M.—Type of S.
zambeziana Pér.). Bechuanaland: Nata (F.). Port. E. Africa: Tete (Z.M.B.).

Through the kindness of Dr. Delkeskamp, I have been able to examine the material
in the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, standing over the name S. livida Klug. It
consists of six examples, four females and two males, all bearing the number “‘ 11268 ”’.
One of the males has had its genitalia extracted and mounted separately on a card.
This specimen bears a white label with ‘‘ livida Mihi ”’ on it and a green label bearing
the words “livens N Tette’”’. One of the females bears a type label and another
label inscribed “‘ livida Kl. Tette’’. I have accepted this last example as the type
of S. livida Klug. ; 5

I have also been able to examine the type specimen of S. zambeziana Pér., and
there is no doubt that Péringuey redescribed S. livida Klug under this name,

Total material seen: 8 examples,

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 155

S. salaama Brske.

Schizonycha salaama Brenske, 1898, p. 359.
Schizonycha africana Klug (nec Cast.), 1862, p. 257 (syn. nov.).
Schizonycha africana Klug, Péringuey, 1904, p. 231.

Length 14:5-15 mm. Breadth 7-7-5 mm.

MALE

Castaneous; shining. This species is closely related to S. abenaba (p. 155),
differing from it as explained in the key to species and in the following respects.

The frons has smaller, more closely set and less regularly shaped punctures. The
pronotum has the anterior border quite markedly sinuate toward the anterior angles
and the raised hind border in front of the scutellum is a little more coarsely con-
structed than it is in S. abenaba. The elytra are more closely punctured, the setae
in the punctures being slightly more conspicuous. The squamiform setae of the
_ metepisterna, the hind coxae and parts of the metasternum are broader and more
conspicuous. The squamiform setae of the abdominal segments are also broader,
but here the difference between the two species is not so marked. The legs have
the basal segment of the hind tarsi nearer in length to the second segment (c. 18 : 25)
than is the case in S. abenaba (c. 21 : 31).

FEMALE. With shorter antennal lamellae, a more transverse pygidium and with
the lower ramus of all the tarsal claws about as long as the upper ramus.

Type locality: Dar es Salaam (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: Port. E. Afr.; Tete (type of S. africana Klug—
Z.M.B.); Kola valley, E. of Mt. Chiperone. Nyasaland: unlocalised.

In 1862, Klug recorded the occurrence in Portuguese East Africa of S. africana
Castelnau, a species described from Senegal. Péringuey, in 1904, saw the specimen
upon which Klug had based his record and stated that he thought it might be
synonymous with his own species S. vaalensis (= S. fimbriata Brske., see p. 207).
I too have seen the specimen identified by Klug as S. africana and disagree with
the findings of Péringuey. It is clearly not an example of S. vaalensis. It is very
closely related in external appearance to S. africana Cast., but has the squamiform
setae of the underside smaller and less readily visible than they are in the latter
species.

Two males of S. salaama Brske. in the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin are conspecific
_ with Klug’s female example of S. africana from Tete. Klug’s misinterpretation of
_ S. africana Cast. is to be called S. salaama Brske., the first available name for the
species.

S. abenaba sp. n. (Text-fig. 6)
Length 16-5 mm. Breadth 8 mm.

MALE

Derm testaceous with head and pronotum somewhat redder. Head with labral
emargination acute ; anterior clypeal face reflexed medially, vertically plane, gap in
its row of setiferous punctures broad ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate ; frontoclypeal

156 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

suture clearly marked ; vertex of head sharply angled, but without a raised transverse
carina ; clypeal punctures elongate with internal borders sharply marked ; frontal
punctures obliquely transverse, their posterolateral borders not clearly marked.
Pronotum with anterior border almost evenly emarginate ; posterior margin with a
raised hind border in front of scutellum ; posterior angles obtuse, though sharply
formed ; lateral border bearing outstanding setae shorter than basal anterior tarsal
segment ; surface with clearly marked, transverse, impunctate subbasal areas ;
discal punctures each containing an inverted U-shaped groove and bearing minute
setae scarcely as long as diameter of punctures ; punctures separated by from one
to four diameters, slightly scabrose anterolaterally ; intervals finely shagreened.
Scutellum transverse (4:5: 7); strongly punctate laterally ; punctures similar to
those of pronotal disc, but shallower, bearing similar setae; intervals finely sha-
greened. Elytra with punctures separated by from one to two diameters, bearing
minute setae as on pronotum ; intervals finely shagreened ; lateral borders with
outstanding, testaceous setae confined to basal half. Pygidium transverse ; strongly
convex in apical half; sparsely and shallowly annulate-punctate, punctures some-
what closer basilaterally than elsewhere, bearing minute setae as on elytra ; intervals
finely shagreened. Metasternum, epimera and hind coxae sparsely setiferous, setae
on all but anterior half of metasternum narrowly squamiform. Abdominal segments
annulate-punctate laterally, punctures separated by from one and a half to two
diameters and with their anterior borders sometimes tuberculate ; punctures usually
bearing squamiform setae slightly shorter than those on hind coxae, but sometimes
bearing larger, non-squamiform setae; intervals finely shagreened. Legs with
anterior tibiae tridentate, basal tooth well marked ; basal hind tarsal segment three
fourths as long as second; tarsal claws with upper ramus about half as broad at
base as lower and slightly shorter.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 146 and 147).

FEMALE. Differs from the male by having shorter lamellae to the antennal club —
and by a flatter pygidium. |

Holotype: A male in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Abenab, S-W. —
Affrica]. 1929 (J. Frampton). |

Paratypes: 1 female Tsintsabis, S.W. Prot.[ectorate] dec. 1919 (R. W. Tucker). —
4 males Nata, Bechuanaland xii.54 leg. Zumpt (F. and B.M. (N.H.)). 1 male
E. Africa, Portuguese Territory (‘‘ Purchased 1898 of Mr. G. Christy.’”’ No other
data). 2 females. Abachaus, Otiwarongo (sic) Distr. S-W. Afr. 11.1953 leg. G. —
Hobohm (B.S.S.). . |

This species, which further collecting may well show to have a rather wide dis-
tribution, is related to S. salaama Brske. (p. 155) and to S. vida Klug (p. 153), |
but differs from them as indicated in the key to species.

S. usambarae Brske (Text-fig. 5)

Schizonycha usambarae Brske., 1898, p. 362.
Schizonycha bogamoyana Brske., 1898, p. 363 (Syn. nov.).

Length 13-16 mm. Breadth 6:5-8-5 mm.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 157

MALE

Derm variable from testaceous to deep fuscous. Head with labral emargination
strongly acute ; anterior clypeal face reflexed medially, vertically plane ; anterior
edge of clypeus usually straight medially, rounded laterally to eyes ; clypeal carina
strongly arcuate; frontoclypeal suture well-marked ; vertex sharply angled, with
a weakly raised transverse carina; clypeal punctures elongate, usually separated
by one transverse diameter or less; frontal punctures transverse or obliquely
transverse ; both clypeal and frontal punctures bearing minute, recumbent setae ;
intervals between coarse punctures with scattered micropunctures. Pronotum with
anterior border strongly sinuate laterally and directed obliquely backward to
strongly obtuse anterior angles ; posterior margin without a raised hind border in
front of scutellum ; posterior angles obtuse ; lateral borders with outstanding setae
shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with clearly marked transverse,
_subbasal, impunctate areas ; disc with punctures annulate or containing an inverted
U-shaped groove, variably separated by from one half to two diameters ; punctures
frequently transverse toward lateral margins, occasionally transverse on disc also ;
punctures bearing small, white, scarcely squamiform setae ; intervals finely and
faintly shagreened. Scutellum transverse (2 : 3) ; lateral margins each with a single
row of coarse setiferous punctures; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with
punctures separated by less than one diameter as a rule, bearing setae similar to those
of punctures on pronotal disc ; intervals smooth, or with faint shagreening ; lateral
borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to within at least one third of the
distance between bases and apical borders, sometimes from bases to apices, setae
diminishing in length from shoulders toward apices ; apical borders set with minute
setae, smaller than those of elytral disc in some instances. Pygidium transverse
_(c. 6:8); strongly convex; annulate-punctate, punctures variably separated by
from less than one to two or more diameters ; setae in punctures minute, about as
long as the diameter of a puncture; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum,
episterna and hind coxae with punctures separated by more or less one diameter
and bearing either long fine, setae, or shorter, white, narrowly squamiform setae
| larger than those of upper surfaces ; squamiform setae restricted to posterolateral
| parts of metasternum, all but the anterior margins of the episterna and to the
external margins of the hind coxae. Abdominal segments sparsely annulate-
punctate, especially medially where punctures are reduced to a single transverse
row and a few scattered punctures across each segment; punctures toward and
along lateral margins separated by from one to about two diameters, bearing short,
/ white, appressed setae varying in length from one to about two puncture diameters ;
_ transverse row of punctures across each segment bearing longer, more or less out-
ty standing, yellowish setae ; intervals between punctures finely shagreened. Legs
with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment about three fourths as
long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus of anterior legs shorter and distinctly
finer than lower, upper ramus of those of middle and hind legs slightly finer than
_ lower as a rule, but almost equally long.
_ Genitalia (Text-figs. 154 and 155).

|
158 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN
|

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but with slightly shorter lamellae to the
antennal club and with the pygidium flat or slightly concave longitudinally while
remaining strongly convex transversely.

Type locality: Dar es Salaam (Z. M. B.).

Other material examined from: Traansval: Blauberg; Barberton; Zoutpansberg
district ; Rustenberg; Tzaneen. S. Rhodesia: Lomagundi (D.A.S.R.); Bulawayo,
Mozambique: Nyassa. Nyasaland: Dowa district. Tanganyika Terr.: Tanga
Province ; Bagamoyo (Z. M. B.) (type of S. bogamoyana Brske.) ; Usambara (Z. M. B.).
Zanzibar.

Total material seen: 17 examples.

Through the kindness of Dr. Delkeskamp of the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, 1
have been permitted to examine the typespecimens of S. bogamoyana and S. usambarae.
There is no doubt that they are examples of a single species. The name usambarae
is here selected as the correct name for the species as it has page priority over
S. bogamoyana.

S. continens Pér.
Schizonycha continens Péringuey, 1904, p. 214.

Length 12-25-13 mm. Breadth 6:25-6:5 mm.

MALE

Colour pale castaneous with head and pronotum darker. Head with labral
emargination acute ; anterior clypeal face almost plane vertically, with a median
gap in row of setiferous punctures; anterior edge of clypeus truncate medially,
slightly reflexed; clypeal carina arcuate, strongly raised; frontoclypeal suture
distinct ; basal cephalic carina irregularly raised, bordered behind by a row of
punctures ; clypeal punctures elongate; frontal punctures closely set, irregular,
slightly scabrose ; both clypeal and frontal punctures bearing small, white, squami-
form setae. Pronotum (Text-fig. 40) with anterior border almost evenly curved,
sometimes feebly arcuate medially ; anterior and posterior angles obtuse; hind
border not raised medially ; crenulate lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae
shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with very narrow, transverse,
subbasal, impunctate, declivous areas; disc with large, deep punctures, usually
separated by less than one diameter and containing an inverted U-shaped groove ;
each puncture bearing a white, squamiform seta slightly larger and more conspicuous
than those on head; intervals smooth. Scutellum transverse, annulate-punctate,
punctures bearing setae similar to those in pronotal punctures; intervals finely
shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by about their own diameter, bearing
squamiform setae similar to, but sometimes slightly smaller than those of pronotum,
intervals almost smooth, shining ; lateral borders with sparse, outstanding, testa-
ceous setae, diminishing in length from bases to level of hind coxae, replaced by
minute, whitish setae behind this point. Pygidium slightly transverse, annulate-

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 159

punctate with punctures separated by about their own diameter and bearing short,
outstanding setae slightly smaller than those of elytra ; intervals finely and faintly
shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with setae and squamiform setae
in punctures, punctures on anterior and posteromedian areas of metasternum bear-
ing long, suberect, pale testaceous setae, elsewhere with punctures bearing appressed,
white, squamiform setae, distinctly larger than those of upper surfaces ; episterna
with long setae as well as squamae on anterior third. Abdominal segments each
with a single, transverse row of setiferous punctures accompanied laterally by other
punctures bearing white, squamiform setae, similar to, or slightly larger than those
of elytra; intervals almost smooth, faintly and finely wrinkled laterally. Legs
with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment about two thirds
as long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus as broad at base as and slightly
longer than lower, broadly emarginate beneath apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 164 and 165).

FEMALE. Very similar to male, but has a shorter antennal club, has the hind
tibial spurs with a length ratio of less than 2: 1 and the upper ramus of the tarsal
claws is distinctly longer than the lower.

Type locality : Barberton, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Barberton. Cape Province: Cape
Peninsula.

Total material seen: 3 examples.

Péringuey also records Waterburg, Lydenburg, Pretoria in the Transvaal and
_ Bulawayo in S. Rhodesia as localities for this species.

S. mimocontinens sp. n. (Text-fig. 44)

Length 12-13°5 mm. Breadth 6-7 mm.

MALE

_ Very closely allied to S. continens Pér. (p. 158), the description of the latter species
_ applying equally well to the present insect except for the characters referred to in
the key to species.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 158 and 159).

FEMALE. Slightly broader than the male, with shorter lamellae to the antennal
club and with the length-ratio of the apical spurs of the hind tibiae much less than
2:1, otherwise almost indistinguishable from the male.

_ Holotype: A male in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Barberton, Transvaal

(Rendall) (no date).

_ Paratypes: 4 males with same data as the holotype. 1 male Barberton, Transvaal

31.10.1926 (Taylor). 2 males Nelspruit, nr. Barberton, Transvaal Jan. 1939 (R. F.
Lawrence) (S.A.M.). 1 male Mbabane, Swaziland July 1938 (R. F. Lawrence)
(S.A.M.). 1 male and 2 females Cape Peninsula (S.A.M. and B.M. (N.H.)). 2 males
Mkuzi, Zulu.[land] [Natal] Dec. 1946 light trap (Div. Ent.).

ENTOM. 9, 2. 12

160 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

S. neglecta Boh.
Schizonycha neglecta Boheman, 1857, p. 101.
Schizonycha plausibilis Péringuey, 1904, p. 223 (syn. nov.).
Schizonycha consueta Péringuey (nec Kolbe), 1908, p. 700 (syn. nov.).

Length 14-17 mm. Breadth 7-10 mm.

MALE

Colour testaceous to castaneous with head and pronotum darker. Head with
labral emargination strongly acute; anterior clypeal face almost plane, a median
gap present in its row of setiferous punctures; anterior edge of clypeus almost
straight medially ; clypeal carina evenly arcuate ; frontoclypeal suture distinct ;
basal cephalic carina not strongly raised, bordered posteriorly by an irregular row
of transversely confluent punctures ; clypeal punctures slightly elongate; frontal
punctures scabrose laterally ; setae in clypeal and frontal punctures minute, white,
recumbent. Pronotum with anterior border sinuate toward anterior angles ; anterior
and posterior angles obtuse ; hind border not raised medially ; lateral borders with
stiff, outstanding setae slightly shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface
with two clearly indicated, transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas, one on either
side of midline and with, in some examples, a vaguely indicated longitudinal median
impunctate space; disc with punctures containing an inverted U-shaped groove
and bearing white, narrowly squamiform setae, very slightly more conspicuous than
those on head; punctures separated by one diameter or more as a rule, scabrose
along anterior margin ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Scutellum trans-
verse, punctate laterally, punctures with setae as on pronotum ; intervals faintly
and finely shagreened. Elyiva with punctures separated by their own diameter or
a little more, bearing setae similar to those of pronotum ; intervals almost or quite
smooth ; lateral borders with a mixture of long, outstanding, testaceous setae and
minute, white setae from bases to level of hind coxae, with sparsely set, minute,
white setae thence to apical borders. Pygidium transverse; variably convex ;
punctures separated by about one diameter or more, annulate or almost so, each
with a minute, white, squamiform seta similar to those of elytra ; intervals variable,
sometimes finely and faintly shagreened, sometimes almost smooth. Metasternum,
episterna and hind coxae variably setoso-punctate; metasternum with larger,
squamiform setae—about twice as long and twice as broad as those of elytra—
posterolaterally, elsewhere with long, fine, yellowish-white bristles; episterna for
the most part with squamiform setae as on metasternum, a few long bristles also
present on anterior half; hind coxae set with squamae as on metasternum except
posteromedially where squamae are replaced by long, yellowish-white setae.
Abdominal segments with punctures toward lateral margins bearing squamiform
setae intermediate in size between those of metasternum and those of elytra ;
punctures toward midline very sparse, a single transverse row on each segment
bearing long bristles, the remainder with minute, almost white setae; intervals
with traces of fine shagreening toward lateral margins, almost smooth medially.
Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment two thirds
as long as second ; tarsal claws with lower ramus about two thirds as long as upper

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 161

and slightly less robust, upper ramus emarginate beneath apex ; the shorter of the
two apical spurs of the hind tibiae less than half as long as the other.

Genitalia: (Text-figs. 160 and 161.)

FEMALE. The smaller length-ratio of the apical spurs of the hind tibiae and the
slightly shorter lamellae of the antennal club distinguish the female from the male
of this species.

Type locality: ‘‘ Prope fluvium Gariep”’ (N.H.R.M.).

Other material examined from: Cape Prov.: Umtata; “‘ Cape of Good Hope ”’ ;
Port St. John, Pondoland ; Transkei (type of S. consueta Pér. and other examples)
(S.A.M. and B.M. (N.H.)). Natal: Indaleni Dist., Richmond (B.M. (N.H.) and F.) ;
Estcourt ; Malvern; Weenen; New Hanover; “Natal’’ (F.); Southbroom ;
Melmoth, Zululand; Durban (type of S. plausibilis Pér.) (S.A.M.). Transvaal :
Middelfontein, nr. Nylstroom. S. Rhodesia: Bulawayo (F.).

Total material seen : 50 examples.

There are six specimens in the Boheman collection bearing the name S. neglecta
Boh. Of these, four bear the data “‘Ovambo De Vylder’”’. As De Vylder did not
visit S. Africa until 1871 and as Ovamboland is in S-W. Africa, these specimens
cannot belong to the original series from which the species was described in 1857.
Of the two other specimens, one bears the data “‘ Damara Africae’”’. This again is
in S-W. Africa and would not have been referred to by Boheman as “ Prope fluvium
Gariep’”’. The four Ovambo specimens and the example from Damara are all of
S. puncticolis Boh. (p. 164), a species erroneously synonymized with S. neglecta
Boh. by Péringuey.

The sixth example with the name S. neglecta bears the data “ Caffraria J. Wahlb.
[erg.] Type ‘‘Typus’’. This specimen agrees well with Boheman’s description of
S. neglecta. Much of the material referred to in the Insecta Caffrariae was collected
by Wahlberg and there is thus no evidence that this last example is not of the series
upon which Boheman based his description of S. neglecta. This sixth example is
here accepted as the type of the species; the description given above and the
synonymy is based upon it.

I have been able to examine the type specimens of Péringuey’s two species,
S. plausibilis and S. consueta and there is no doubt that they are conspecific with
S. neglecta Boh. Péringuey presumably interpreted S. neglecta Boh. from one of
the five specimens misidentified in the Boheman collection and referred to above.
Thus he was led into the error of redescribing the true neglecta under a new name.

Kolbe (1895, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 56: 356), described a S. consueta from east Africa.
Dalla Torre in the Coleopterorum Catalogus (pars. 49, p. 152) records S. consueta Pér.
in such a way as to make it appear that Péringuey was redescribing Kolbe’s species.
In fact it is clear that he was describing what he believed to be a new species as he
made no reference to Kolbe at the time.

S. Scabiosa Pér.
Schizonycha scabiosa Péringuey, 1904, p. 246.
Length 14-15:5 mm. Breadth 6-75-7-75 mm.

162 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

MALE

Castaneous, unicolorous. Head with labral emargination rightangled or slightly
acute ; anterior clypeal face slightly convex vertically, with a moderate median gap
in its row of setiferous punctures; anterior edge of clypeus straight medially,
broadly rounded laterally ; clypeal carina arcuate, not always very strongly so ;
frontoclypeal suture visible; vertex sharply angled, with a vaguely indicated
transverse carina; clypeal punctures slightly elongate, their inner borders only
sharply formed, bearing laterally directed setae not much longer than the diameter
of a puncture; frontal punctures transverse or obliquely transverse, closely-set,
slightly scabrose, bearing small setae hardly larger than those of clypeus. Pronotum
(Text-fig. 39) with anterior border sinuate laterally but not directed obliquely
backward toward anterior angles; posterior angles obtuse; posterior margin
without a raised hind border in front of scutellum ; lateral borders set with stiff,
outstanding, testaceous setae a little shorter than basal anterior segment ; surface
as a rule with very narrow, transverse, subbasal impunctate areas; discal punctures
separated by more or less one diameter, each containing an inverted U-shaped groove
and bearing a small, white, narrowly squamiform seta slightly longer in most cases §
than the diameter of its puncture ; punctures usually more closely set along anterior
margin; intervals between punctures finely shagreened. Scutellum transverse
(3: 4); punctate laterally ; setae in punctures usually larger and more conspicuous
than those of pronotum; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures
separated by their own diameter or a little less, bearing setae similar to those of
pronotal disc; intervals between punctures almost smooth; lateral borders with
outstanding setae from bases to about level of fourth abdominal segment, setae
thence to apicosutural angles minute, scarcely discernible. Pygidium transverse
(3:4); convex; annulate-punctate, punctures separated by more or less one
diameter and bearing setae similar to those of elytra; intervals finely and faintly
shagreened as a rule. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae setoso-punctate ;
setae in metasternal punctures principally long, subrecumbent, deep yellow hairs,
a few white, appressed, squamiform setae often present posterolaterally ; met-
episterna with long yellow setae anteriorly and internally, punctures along external
margin and on posterior half usually bearing large, white, appressed, squamiform
setae as well as a few yellow hairs ; punctures of hind coxae bearing long, fine, yellow
setae except anterolaterally where they are squamiform as on epimera. Abdominal
segments with coarse, annulate punctures along lateral margins separated by about
their own diameter ; punctures on discs of segments separated by more, sometimes
by as much as two diameters; each segment with a more or less irregular row of
outstanding hairs across it ; other punctures bearing white, squamiform setae which
are progressively more conspicuous from middle toward lateral margins ; intervals
finely shagreened along extreme lateral margins, almost smooth elsewhere. Legs
(Text-fig. 46) with anterior tibiae tridentate, the basal tooth occasionally rather
feebly produced; basal hind tarsal segment between one half and two thirds as
long as the second ; tarsal claws of anterior legs with upper ramus shorter and finer

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 163

than lower ; claws of middle and hind legs with upper ramus longer than lower and
emarginate beneath apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 162 and 163).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality: Péringuey records it as Uitenhage (Cape Province). The label
on the type specimen narrows this down to Dunbrody which is near Blue Cliff in
southern central Cape Province (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: ‘Pr. b. Sp. Krebs” (Z.M.B.). ‘‘ Capland ”’
(coll. Staudinger) (F.).

Total material seen: 3 examples.

S. kochi sp. n.
Length 13-14 mm. Breadth 6-5~7 mm.

MALE

This species is very closely related to both S. mimocontinens (p. 159) and S.
continens (p. 158), scarcely differing from them other than by the characters referred
to in the key to species and in the following particulars: the punctures of the
pronotal disc are usually more widely separated and the derm is generally darker and
with a more noticeably red tone.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 152 and 153).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male but for the shorter lamellae of the antennal
club and for the fact that the apical spurs of the hind tibiae have a length-ratio of
much less than 2: I.

Holotype: A male in the Museum G. Frey, Munich. Mooisplaats, Ostl. Trans-
vaal xi.49 Leg. C. Koch.

Paratypes : 1 male, 5 females with same data as the holotype (F. and B.M. (N.H.)).
I male Pretoria (W.L.D.) (Distant Coll.). 1 male Pretoria 31.10.05 (no collector).
1 female Potschefstroom, Transvaal 1.1952 Leg. C. Koch. (F.).

S. matabelana Pér.
Schizonycha matabelana Péringuey, 1908, p. 679.
Length 9 mm. Breadth 5 mm.

MALE

Derm pale testaceous with head and pronotum darker. Head with labral
emargination acute; anterior face of clypeus slightly reflexed medially, feebly
convex vertically, with a broad median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ;
clypeal carina strongly arcuate; frontoclypeal suture clearly visible medially,
following line of clypeal carina laterally ; vertex with a fine, clearly raised transverse
carina ; clypeal punctures elongate, their internal borders raised ; frontal punctures
with their anterior borders tuberculate. Pronotum with anterior border strongly

164 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

sinuate laterally, directed obliquely backward to anterior angles ; posterior angles
strongly obtuse, very briefly rounded ; posterior margin with a strongly raised hind
border in front of scutellum ; outstanding setae along lateral borders scarcely more
than half as long as basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with broad transverse,
subbasal, impunctate areas; discal punctures coarse, weakly asperose, each con-
taining an inverted U-shaped groove and bearing a small, white, squamiform seta ;
punctures separated by about one diameter, more strongly asperose along anterior
margin than on disc; a row of non-asperose punctures present along hind margin
close to hind border ; intervals smooth, shining. Scutellum transverse (5:7) ; set
with coarse, annulate punctures on basal half; apical half impunctate ; intervals
finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by about one diameter, bearing
more narrowly squamiform setae than pronotal punctures; intervals slightly
irregularly raised ; lateral borders set with outstanding setae for basal two thirds.
Pygidium transverse; annulate-punctate, punctures separated by about one
diameter toward base, more sparsely arranged toward apex, bearing fine, outstanding
setae; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Metasternum with fine setae
anteriorly, with squamiform setae in punctures posteriorly and posterolaterally ;
metepisterna with squamiform setae in punctures; punctures of hind coxae also
bearing squamiform setae ; setae on hind coxae smaller than squamiform setae of
metasternum, setae of metepisterna smaller than those of hind coxae ; intervals
between punctures of metasternum, episterna and hind coxae smooth. Abdominal
segments sparsely punctured medially, punctures separated by more or less their
own diameter toward lateral borders, bearing fine, slightly squamiform setae ;
intervals finely shagreened, more faintly so toward midline. Legs with anterior
tibiae tridentate, basal tooth rather feebly marked ; basal hind tarsal segment two
thirds as long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus about half as broad at base
as lower and distinctly shorter.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 148 and 149).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Plumtree, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

The holotype is the sole example of this species known to me.

S. puncticollis Boh.

Schizonycha puncticollis Boheman, 1857, p. 98.
Schizonycha puncticollis Boh., Péringuey, 1904, p. 222.
Schizonycha neglecta Péringuey (nec Boh.), 1904, p. 222.

Length 11-5-15 mm. Breadth 5-5-8 mm.

MALE

Colour varying from reddish-testaceous to dark red-brown. Head with labral
emargination strongly acute ; anterior clypeal face slightly convex vertically, with
or without a small median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ; anterior edge of
clypeus variable, rounded or straight medially ; clypeal carina arcuate and usually

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 165

angulate medially ; basal cephalic carina feebly marked or absent; frons often
shorter than clypeus in midline; clypeal punctures elongate; frontal punctures
irregular in outline. Pronotwm with anterior border sinuate ; anterior and posterior
angles obtuse ; lateral borders not or very feebly crenulate ; hind margin with an
entire raised hind border between hind angles ; disc set with transversely crescentic
punctures which are progressively more closely set and slightly scabrose toward
anterior margin; two transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas present; setae in
punctures minute, scarcely squamiform except toward anterior angles; intervals
between punctures almost smooth except for micropunctures. Scutellum with a
varying number of punctures, each containing a minute seta similar to those of
pronotal disc; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Elytra with annulate
punctures separated by their own diameter or slightly more, each with a squamiform
seta slightly larger than those of pronotum; intervals smooth except for micro-
punctures ; setae along lateral borders long and outstanding near bases, much
shorter and inconspicuous behind level of hind coxae. Pygidium usually with
close-set, annulate punctures, each bearing a small, slightly squamiform seta ;
intervals finely shagreened, sometimes irregularly raised. Metasternum, episterna
and hind coxae closely punctured except for metasternal disc ; setae in punctures
sparse, fine except on episterna and posterolateral parts of metasternum where they
are replaced by long, pointed, squamiform setae, much larger than any on upper
surfaces ; intervals finely, often faintly shagreened. Abdominal segments scabroso-
punctate laterally and except for the penultimate segment which is quite closely
punctured even in the middle, almost impunctate medially ; most punctures bearing
large, squamiform setae similar to those of metasternal epimera, but some, especially
on penultimate segment, bearing long, outstanding, non-squamiform setae ; intervals
usually finely shagreened, but in some examples this is very difficult to see. Legs
with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment almost or quite as long
as the one following ; tarsal claws with upper ramus as broad as lower and longer.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 172 and 173).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male but the lamellae on the antennal club are
slightly shorter and the pygidium is less convex.

Type locality: ‘“‘ Near the Orange River’ (N.H.R.M.).

Other material examined from: S-W. Africa: Tsumeb; Grootfontein ; Otjim-
bumbe ; Otjikondo; Nuragas; Reheboth; Windhoek (F.); Okahandja (B.S.S.
and B.M. (N.H.)) ; Otjiwarongo (B.S.S. and B.M. (N.H.)) ; Omaruru ; Zesfontein ;
Kamanyab ; Mala; Ombombo ; Outjo; Gobabis ; Sissekab ; Voitgrund ; Otjikata
Lake; Erundu; Satansplatz; Hoffnung; Swakop (N.H.R.M.). Bechuanaland :
Ngami (F.); Tsane (F.); Moliwa Reserve (F.); Kanyu (F.); Sekhuma (F.) ;
Ghanzi; Mongolatsila. Transvaal: Potgietersrust; Waterberg (F.) ; Naboom-
spruit (F.); Pretoria (F.); Kruger National Park (F.); Pienaars River. Natal:
Weenen.

Total material seen : Upwards of 160 examples.

Through the kindness of Prof. Malaise of Stockholm, I have been able to examine
the five specimens in the Boheman collection bearing the name S. puncticollis.
They are all of one species and agree with the original description of S. puncticollis.

166 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

One of them bears the data “ Caffraria J. Wahlb. 86’ and a red “ Allotypus ”’ label.
Of the other four specimens, all of which bear the data “‘ Svakop Africae, J. Wahlb.’’,
one has a small white label attached bearing the word “‘ Type’’. Boheman gives
the distribution of S. puncticollis as “‘ In regione fluvii Gariepis ”’ and so it is unlikely
that he had the Svakop material before him when making the description. This
being so, the ‘ Type”’ label must be regarded as a later addition, even though it
may have been attached by the author, and so cannot be taken as an indication that
the specimen bearing it is the holotype of the species.

The “ Caffraria ’” specimen on the other hand is almost certainly one that Boheman
saw when describing S. puncticollis. It agrees with the description of the species
and could well have been taken by Wahlberg in the region of the Orange River. I
therefore propose that this specimen be regarded as the lectotype of S. puncticollis
Boheman and I have labelled it accordingly.

Péringuey considered S. puncticollis Boh. and S. neglecta Boh. to be synonymous,
choosing to accept S. neglecta as the valid name for the species. He was able to
see part of the Boheman series of S. puncticollis and, as it is all of one species, inter-
preted the species correctly. As is stated on p. 161, the series labelled S. neglecta
in the Boheman collection includes two species, the true S. neglecta and S. puncticollis.
One of the latter bears a label on Péringuey’s handwriting and has had its genitalia
dissected and mounted in a manner characteristic of that author. This specimen
is clearly the entity upon which he based his interpretation of the Boheman species
S. neglecta and it is thus obvious how he came to synonymize S. neglecta and
S. puncticollis. The true S. neglecta Boh. is redescribed on p. 160 of the present work
and S. neglecta Péringuey (nec Boheman) is a synonym of S. puncticollis Boheman
as is recorded above.

S. ovampoana Pér.

Schizonycha ovampoana Péringuey, 1904, p. 236.
Length 14-5 mm. Breadth 7 mm.

MALE

Derm testaceous with head and pronotum darker. Head (Text-fig. 24) with labral
emargination acute; anterior clypeal face strongly reflexed, not convex vertically,
gap in its row of setiferous punctures very broad ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate,
bluntly angled medially; fronto-clypeal suture clearly visible medially; basal
cephalic carina not raised, head sharply angled at vertex; clypeal punctures
elongate, their internal borders sharply impressed ; frontal punctures round, discrete,
more closely set posterolaterally than elsewhere. Pronotum with anterior border
weakly sinuate toward anterior angles ; posterior margin with a raised hind border
in front of scutellum ; posterior angles sharply formed ; lateral borders with setae
sometimes as long as or longer than basal anterior tarsal segment; surface with
narrow, not entirely impunctate, transverse, subbasal declivities ; discal punctures
annulate, irregularly separated by from one to several diameters, punctures similarly
separated toward anterior margin; punctures bearing minute setae shorter than

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 167

the diameter of a puncture; intervals finely shagreened. Scutellum transverse
(5:7); punctures annulate except mediobasally, bearing setae as in pronotal
punctures ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by more
than one diameter, by considerably more in many parts, bearing minute setae as
on pronotum ; intervals finely shagreened ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding
setae from bases to apical borders. Pygidium transverse; feebly convex;
shallowly annulate-punctate, punctures variably separated, sometimes by less than
one diameter, bearing minute setae as on pronotum; intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with fine, non-squamiform setae in punctures.
Abdominal segments sparsely punctate medially, more closely so toward lateral
borders, punctures bearing either long and outstanding, or short, slightly squamiform
setae; intervals finely shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate, third
tooth small, but distinct ; basal hind tarsal segment slightly more than half as long
as second ; upper ramus of tarsal claws slightly shorter than lower and about half
as broad.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 168 and 169).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Omuramba Uamatako, Ovamboland (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Lonely Mine, Matabeleland.

Total material seen : 2 examples.

S. profuga Pér.
Schizonycha profuga Péringuey, 1904, p. 213.
Length 14-16 mm. Breadth 7-9 mm.

MALE

Derm castaneous. Head with labral emargination rectangular or slightly obtuse ;
anterior clypeal face almost plane vertically, gap in its row of setiferous punctures
sometimes partly bridged by non-setiferous punctures; clypeal carina arcuate;
frontoclypeal suture distinct ; clypeal punctures longitudinally elongate ; frontal
punctures irregularly shaped; basal cephalic carina usually very strongly raised.
Pronotum (Text-figs. 9 and 38) with anterior border strongly sinuate, anterior angles
oblique ; posterior margin with raised hind border sometimes almost entire between
hind angles ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae as long as basal anterior
tarsal segment ; discal punctures each containing an inverted, U-shaped groove and
bearing a minute, inconspicuous seta; punctures becoming somewhat scabrose
anteriorly and anterolaterally ; intervals smooth. Scutellum almost equilateral ;
punctures more or less confined to lateral areas ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra
with punctures usually separated by less than their own diameter and containing an
inconspicuous seta; intervals smooth, or almost so; lateral borders with stiff,
outstanding setae from bases almost to apical borders. Pygidium transverse ;
annulate-punctate ; intervals variable, but frequently smaller than puncture
diameter and finely and faintly shagreened ; punctures bearing setae similar to

168 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

those of elytra. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae set with long, non-squami-
form setae, especially anteriorly ; punctures usually separated by one diameter or
more. Abdominal segments setoso-punctate, slightly more closely so laterally where
punctures are separated by about their own diameter; setae in punctures larger
than those of upper surfaces, but fine and non-squamiform ; intervals finely sha-
greened laterally. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal
segment distinctly shorter than the one following ; tarsal claws with upper ramus
distinctly longer than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 176 and 177).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but with slightly shorter lamellae to the
antennal club, with the basal segment of the hind tarsi as long as the second segment
and with the upper ramus of the tarsal claws only slightly longer than the lower.

Type locality : Sebakwe, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Salisbury (S.A.M., D.A.S.R. and
B.M. (N.H.)) ; Umtali; Mt. Chirinda ; Trelawney (D.A.S.R.) ; Norton (D.A.S.R.) ;
Sebungwe (D.A.S.R.). S-W. Afr.: Tsumeb (S.A.M.). Port. E. Afr.: Delagoa Bay
(F.); Nyassa; “‘Mozambique”’. Nyasaland: Blantyre (S.A.M.).

Total material seen : 36 examples.

S. livada n. n.
Schizonycha valida Péringuey (nec Boh.), 1904, p. 224.

Length 12-20 mm. Breadth 6-10 mm.

MALE

Colour variable from pale yellow-testaceous to castaneous or medium brown, head
and pronotum. usually darker than elytra. Head with labral emargination strongly
acute ; anterior clypeal face vertically convex, with a clear median gap in its row
of setiferous punctures; anterior edge of clypeus straight or almost so medially,
broadly rounded toward eyes; clypeal carina arcuate medially, overlying fronto-
clypeal suture laterally ; vertex with a clearly visible transverse carina ; clypeal
punctures elongate; frontal punctures transverse or obliquely transverse, usually
asperose ; clypeal and frontal punctures bearing minute setae, those toward lateral
margins of frons larger and more conspicuous than those elsewhere. Pronotum
with anterior border strongly sinuate laterally, sloping obliquely backward to
anterior angles ; posterior angles obtuse ; posterior margin with an entire, or almost
entire raised hind border between hind angles; lateral borders with outstanding
setae longer than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface usually with clearly-marked,
transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas ; disc set with slightly transverse punctures,
each containing an inverted U-shaped groove and bearing a small, almost white,
narrowly squamiform seta which arises from a minute, backwardly directed tubercle
on the middle of the anterior border of each puncture ; setae about as long as the
diameter of a puncture ; punctures scarcely more closely set anteriorly and antero-
laterally, but usually asperose ; intervals finely shagreened, sometimes faintly so.
Scutellum transverse (c. 7:9); punctate laterally; punctures similar to those of

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 169

pronotum and bearing similar setae; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with
punctures separated by about one diameter, bearing setae similar to or a little
larger than those of pronotal disc; intervals finely shagreened ; lateral borders
with outstanding setae from bases to level of fourth or fifth abdominal segment.
Pygidium transverse (7 : 9) ; more strongly convex transversely than longitudinally ;
annulate-punctate, punctures separated by from less than one to about two
diameters over most of pygidium, more sparsely arranged apically and sometimes
apicolaterally as well ; punctures bearing setae similar to those on elytra ; intervals
finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae densely set with long,
fine, pale yellowish setae, a few setae of posterolateral parts of metasternum, episterna
and lateral margins of hind coxae sometimes white and narrowly squamiform.
Abdominal segments much more faintly punctured medially than laterally ; each
segment with a more or less regular row of punctures across it bearing subrecumbent
yellow setae, other punctures on segments bearing small, appressed, white, narrowly
squamiform setae, those along lateral margins usually distinctly larger than setae on
elytra, those toward midline no larger than elytral setae, frequently smaller ;
intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate;
basal hind tarsal segment about two thirds as long as second ; tarsal claws with
upper ramus distinctly longer than lower and shallowly emarginate beneath apex,
lower ramus obliquely truncate apically (Text-fig. 11).

Genitalia (Text-figs. 166 and 167).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but with much shorter lamellae to the antennal
club, with less disparity between the lengths of the basal and succeeding segments
of the hind tarsi and with a more bulbous abdomen.

Type locality : ‘‘ Damara ”’ (N.H.R.M.) (see p. 174).

Other material examined from: Cape Prov.: Kimberley. Transvaal: Potchef-
stroom (F.); Potgietersrust (F.); Letaba River (F.); Pretoria (Div. Ent. and
B.M. (N.H.)) ; Zoutpansburg ; Rustenburg ; Middelfontein, nr. Nylstroom. Natal:
Mkuzi, Zululand (Div. Ent.). Bechuanaland: Gaberones (F.) ; unlocalized. S-W.
Africa: Sissekab ; Otavifontein ; Otjiwarongo (S.A.M.) ; Otjimbumbe (S.A.M.) ;
Kaoko Otavi (S.A.M.); Grootfontein (S.A.M.) Swaziland: nr. Bremersdorp.
Port. E. Afr.: Upper Buzi River ; Delagoa Bay ; Boana; Lourengo Marques. S.
Rhodesia: Victoria ; Salisbury ; Matopo Hills. Nyasaland: ‘‘ Nyasa” (no more
detailed locality). Tanganyika Territory: Dodoma; unlocalized. Also “ Caff-
raria’”’ (N.H.R.M.) (see p. 176).

Total material seen : More than 68 examples.

Péringuey records the following additional localities: Transvaal: Klerksdorp ;
Waterberg. S. Rhodesia: ‘‘ Neighbourhood of the Zambezi River.”

The true S. valida of Boheman is redescribed on p. 172 of this paper.

S. citima Pér.
Schizonycha citima Péringuey, 1904, p. 225-1908, p. 702.
Length 15-17 mm. Breadth 7-8-5 mm.

170 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

MALE

This species is so closely related to the very variable S. livada that I have not
found any reliable means of separating the two other than examination of the male
genitalia. These seem to show a quite consistent difference.

The size range of S. citima appears to be more restricted than that of S. livada but
this may well be an illusion created by lack of material.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 170 and 171).

FEMALE. It has not proved possible to separate the female of this species from
that of S. livada other than by association.

Type locality : Manica, Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Salisbury; Sebakwe (S.A.M.) ;
Trelawney (D.A.S.R.); Hartley (D.A.S.R.); ‘unlocalized (Nevinson coll., B.M.
(N.H.)). Port. E. Africa: Caia ; Mozamb. Nyassa. Nyasaland: Mlanje ; Zomba ;
unlocalized.

Total material seen: 17 examples.

In his second contribution to the knowledge of S. citima, Péringuey refers to the
extreme variability of the species and correlates this with geographical variation.
I cannot confirm Péringuey’s observations on geographical variation but it is quite
obvious that the species is a variable one. At the same time as making these
remarks Péringuey also quotes the following fresh localities for S. citima :

S. Rhodesia: Plumtree. Transvaal: Nylstroom. Bechuanaland: Vryburg.
Orange Free State: Bothaville.

S. salisburiana Pér.

Schizonycha salisburiana Péringuey, 1904, p. 241.
Atys hypocrita Péringuey, 1904, p. 257 (syn. nov.).

Length 13°5-15:25 mm. Breadth 6-7 mm.

MALE

Derm castaneous with head and pronotum darker. Head with labral emargination
almost rightangled ; anterior clypeal face reflexed medially, vertically convex, with
a broad median gap in its row of setiferous punctures; clypeal carina angulate
medially, strongly raised ; frontoclypeal suture distinct medially, following line of
clypeal carina toward lateral borders; vertex with a strongly raised transverse
carina across middle, carina less strongly raised near eyes; clypeal punctures slightly
elongate, their internal borders sharply formed ; frontal punctures more closely set
than those of clypeus, irregularly formed, asperose laterally. Pronotum with
anterior border strongly sinuate laterally, directed obliquely backward to anterior
angles ; posterior angles strongly obtuse ; posterior margin with a strongly raised
hind border in front of scutellum ; lateral borders with outstanding setae about as
long as basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with well-marked transverse, subbasal,
impunctate areas laterally; disc set with punctures of varied separation, each
containing an M-shaped groove and bearing a minute, inconspicuous seta ; punctures
strongly asperose along anterior margin; intervals finely shagreened. Scutellum

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 171

transverse (3:4); variably punctate laterally ; punctures annulate or containing
an inverted U-shaped groove and bearing minute setae ; intervals finely shagreened.
Elyira with punctures separated by about one diameter, bearing minute setae as on
scutellum ; intervals almost smooth ; lateral borders with outstanding setae from
bases to level of penultimate abdominal segment. Pygdium transverse; weakly
convex ; punctures circular, sometimes separated by less than one diameter basally,
by considerably more toward apical border; setae in punctures short, slightly
squamiform, but outstanding ; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna
and hind coxae with long, outstanding, non-squamiform setae in most punctures,
large, squamiform setae in some, particularly on metepisterna. Abdominal segments
almost impunctate medially, pluripunctate laterally, punctures here separated by
more or less one diameter, annulate, bearing setae similar to those of metasternum
or, in many instances, narrowly squamiform setae ; intervals very faintly and finely
shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate; basal hind tarsal
segment a little shorter than second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus about half as
broad at base as lower and shorter.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 174 and 175).

FEMALE. Differs from the male by the shorter lamellae of the antennal club, by
the quadrate to slightly elongate pygidium which is strongly convex near the apex
although almost flat longitudinally and by the antennae which are always ten-
segmented whereas they are frequently, although not always, nine-segmented in the
male.

Type locality : Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Salisbury (B.M. (N.H.), S.A.M.,
D.A.S.R. and B.S.S.) ; Bent, Matabeleland ; Chirinda District. Port. E. Africa:
Upper Buzi River ; “‘ Mozambique.”’ N. Rhodesia: N’Changa.

Total material seen: 21 examples.

Having been afforded the opportunity of examining the type specimens of both
S. salisburiana and A. hypocrita I have no doubt that they are examples of one
species. Exercising my right as first reviser, I select Schizonycha salisburiana
Péringuey as the valid name for the species redescribed above.

S. spectabilis Pér.
Schizonycha spectabilis Péringuey, 1904, p. 239.
Length 18-20 mm. Breadth 8-5—10 mm.

MALE

Derm reddish testaceous to castaneous, shining. Head with labral emargination
strongly acute; anterior clypeal face reflexed, almost plane vertically, gap in its
row of setiferous punctures very broad ; clypeal carina moderately arcuate ; fronto-
clypeal suture visible but not strongly marked ; carina across vertex feebly raised ;
clypeal punctures elongate with their internal borders slightly raised; frontal
punctures obliquely transverse with their antero-internal borders raised. Pronotum

172 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

with anterior border strongly sinuate, slightly forwardly arcuate medially ; posterior
margin with a somewhat irregularly raised hind border, interrupted in parts by
punctures, particularly laterally ; lateral borders with outstanding setae shorter
than basal anterior tarsal segment ; transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas clearly
marked ; discal punctures variable, usually widely scattered; punctures closer
toward lateral borders, much closer and slightly scabrose along anterior margin ;
punctures containing either an inverted U- or an M-shaped groove and bearing
small, whitish, narrowly squamiform setae slightly shorter than the diameter of a
puncture ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Scutellum transverse ; coarsely
punctate basilaterally ; punctures as on pronotum; intervals finely shagreened.
Elytra with punctures variably separated by from one to several diameters, bearing
small setae similar to those of pronotum ; intervals almost smooth ; lateral borders
with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to about level of first abdominal segment.
Pygidium slightly transverse; sparsely setoso-punctate, even more sparsely
punctured apically; setae in punctures minute; intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae variously clothed ; anterior margins of
episterna with long setae in punctures, discs and posterior margins with punctures
bearing large, squamiform setae, much larger than any on upper surfaces ; meta-
sternum with squamiform setae posterolaterally, these setae somewhat larger than
those of episterna; hind coxae with punctures bearing large, squamiform setae
anteriorly and laterally, setae fine and non-squamiform mediobasally. Abdominal
segments variably punctate, more closely so laterally than medially; punctures
bearing long, fine, non-squamiform setae, or large squamiform setae, or, especially
on penultimate segment, minute setae as on upper surfaces ; intervals finely sha-
greened laterally, almost smooth toward midline. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate;
basal hind tarsal segment five sixths as long as second; tarsal claws with upper
ramus about half as broad as and a little shorter than lower ; anterior tarsi very long.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 180 and 181).

FEMALE. Differs from the male by the shorter lamellae of the antennal club, the
shorter and stouter tarsi and its less convex pygidium.

Type locality : Sebakwe, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Sebakwe (S.A.M.) ; ‘“ Rhodesia.”

Total material seen: 3 examples.

This species is very closely related to the east African S. major Kolbe. In fact a
longer series of the two may show that only one species is involved.

S. valida Boh.
Schizonycha valida Boheman, 1857, p. 96.
Length 18-21 mm. Breadth g-10-5 mm.

MALE
Derm dark red-brown. Head with labral emargination acute; anterior clypeal
face strongly reflexed, weakly convex vertically, median gap in its row of setiferous

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 173

punctures moderate ; anterior edge of clypeus briefly truncate medially, broadly
rounded laterally ; clypeal carina arcuate, more rounded medially than laterally ;
frontoclypeal suture not clearly visible on dark derm ; vertex with a clearly-marked
transverse carina ; clypeal punctures elongate, their inner borders more sharply formed
than their outer borders ; frontal punctures close-set, irregular, usually transverse ;
clypeal and frontal punctures bearing minute, inconspicuous setae. Pronotwm with
anterior border strongly sinuate laterally, almost directed obliquely backward to
obtuse anterior angles ; posterior angles sharply formed, obtuse ; hind margin with
a raised posterior border in front of scutellum, border more or less obliterated toward
hind angles; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae about as long as basal
anterior tarsal segment; surface with more or less clearly indicated subbasal,
transverse, impunctate areas and frequently with an irregularly formed, longitudinal
median impunctate area as well; discal punctures coarse, variably separated by
from one to several diameters, each containing an inverted U-shaped groove and
bearing a minute seta about as long as the diameter of a puncture; punctures
asperose along anterior margin and with setae a little longer and more conspicuous
than those on disc; intervals finely shagreened. Scutellum transverse (3: 5) ;
punctures more or less confined to lateral margins, bearing setae similar to those of
pronotal disc; intervals finely shagreened. Elytva with punctures separated by
about their own diameter, bearing setae similar to those of pronotal disc ; intervals
with faint traces of shagreening and also with scattered micropunctures ; lateral
borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to level of third or fourth abdominal
segment. Pygidium transverse (17:21); strongly convex; impunctate along
midline ; punctures elsewhere annulate, separated by from one to two diameters,
bearing minute setae, finer than those of elytra; intervals finely and faintly sha-
greened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae bearing fine, rather sparsely set,
yellowish setae in punctures, setae on posterior half of episterna sometimes much
shorter than those elsewhere and faintly squamiform. Abdominal segments very
sparsely punctured medially, more closely punctured laterally ; punctures along
lateral margins comprising a single, irregular, transverse row of fine, suberect hairs
supplemented by other shorter, more or less appressed, sometimes slightly squami-
form setae ; penultimate segment with longer bristles across middle of segment as
well as laterally ; intervals finely shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly
tridentate, apical tooth feebly curved ; basal hind tarsal segment a little shorter
than second (c. 6:7); tarsal claws with upper ramus about twice as long as lower
and slightly broader.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 178 and 179).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male but with shorter lamellae to the antennal
club, with the basal segment of the hind tarsi a little longer than the second segment,
with the lower ramus of the tarsal claws broader, though distinctly shorter than the
upper ramus. The pygidium of the female is sometimes more convex than that of
the male.

Type locality : Around the Orange River (N.H.R.M.).

Other material examined from: Natal: Weenen. S. Rhodesia: Khami.

Total material seen: 4 examples.

174 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

The Boheman collection in Stockholm contains three specimens named S. valida.
Two of these are males and bear the data “‘ Damara’’. Both have had their genitalia
dissected out and mounted by Péringuey and one bears a label “ Schizonycha valida
Ty..’ in that author’s handwriting. The third specimen is a female and bears the
data “ Caffraria J. Wahlb. Type 2” together with a red “ Typus” label. All
three examples agree with the description of the species given by Boheman, but
only the female comes within the habitat range recorded by Boheman.

Péringuey obviously interpreted S. valida from the two males. These two are not
of the same species as the single female example referred to above. From their
place of capture, it is clear that they do not form part of the original material upon
which Boheman based S. valida and so the female specimen with its “ Type ”’ and
“Typus ”’ labels must be regarded as the sole survivor of the original material. I
hereby select this specimen to be the lectotype of Schizonycha valida Boheman.

The species to which the two males belong had not been described prior to
1904. Therefore Péringuey effectively described a new species when he interpreted
S. valida from this material. He thus created a homonym which is noticed and
replaced on page 168 of the present paper.

S. vryburgensis sp. n.

Length 12°5-14 mm. Breadth 6-5-7 mm.

MALE

Colour testaceous. Head with labral emargination weakly acute ; anterior clypeal
face feebly convex vertically, gap in its row of setiferous punctures broad ; clypeal
carina strongly arcuate; frontoclypeal suture visible medially, following line of
clypeal carina laterally ; transverse carina across vertex well marked, sometimes
grooved behind ; clypeal punctures elongate ; frontal punctures scabrose. Pvono-
tum with anterior border slightly sinuate laterally, anterior angles directed forward ;
posterior margin with a raised hind border which is distinct medially, but is inter-
rupted toward lateral borders by punctures ; lateral borders with setae sometimes
longer than basal anterior tarsal segment; disc with irregularly and sparsely
arranged punctures ; punctures more closely set toward anterior and lateral margins,
scabrose along anterior margin; punctures bearing small, but distinct, white,
squamiform setae ; intervals finely but distinctly shagreened. Scutellum equilateral
or slightly transverse; punctate laterally; intervals finely shagreened. Elyira
with punctures separated by about their own diameter and bearing squamiform
setae similar to those of pronotum ; lateral borders with outstanding setae from
bases to level of fourth abdominal segment ; intervals between coarse discal punc-
tures slightly roughened. Pygidium transverse, set with variably spaced, annulate
punctures bearing longer and more slender squamiform setae than those of elytra ;
intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with long,
fine, pale yellow hairs; intervals smooth. Abdominal segments with punctures
arranged in more or less distinct transverse rows, more closely set laterally where
they bear squamiform setae somewhat larger than those of upper surfaces ; intervals

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 175

finely shagreened laterally. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal
segment about two thirds as long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus nearly
twice as long as lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 182 and 183).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Holotype: A male in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Vryburg, Cape
Province 1917 (J. Brown).

Paratypes: 3 males with same data as holotype (S.A.M. and B.M. (N.H.)).

S. rufina Boh.

Schizonycha rufina Boheman, 1857, p. 97.
Schizonycha rufina Boh., Péringuey, 1904, p. 223.

Length 13-18 mm. Breadth 7:5-9°5 mm. (After Péringuey.)

MALE

Very like S. vryburgensis (p. 174) but for the characters referred to in the key to
species, for its larger size and for the following :

The clypeal carina has a tendency to be bluntly angled medially. The pronotal
and elytral setae are relatively smaller and less conspicuous than those of vrybur-
gensis. The pygidium is usually less strongly transverse and a little more convex.
The setae along the lateral margins of the abdominal segments are generally narrower
and less conspicuous than the corresponding setae on S. vryburgensis.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 184 and 185).

FEMALE. Unknown to me, but stated by Péringuey to differ from the male by
having slightly shorter tarsi.

Type locality : Boheman gives the whole of “‘ Caffraria’’ as the habitat of this
species (N.H.R.M.).

Other material examined from : Cape Province: Kimberley ; Riversdale (S.A.M.).
Natal: Port Natal. Transvaal: Rustenburg; Potchefstroom; Potgietersrust
(S.A.M.) ; Messina (S.A.M.). Bechuanaland: Nata (F.); Ngami (F.); Vryburg.
Orange Free State: Trompsburg (F.) ; Kroonstad. S-W. Africa: Windhoek area
(F.) ; Windhoek (S.A.M.). Also from Nouport (F.).

Péringuey gives Lydenburg and Boksburg in the Transvaal as further localities
for this species.

Total material seen : 28 examples.

Prof. Malaise has kindly made available to me the three specimens bearing the
name S. vufina Boh.

All three specimens are males and bear the data “ Caffraria, J. Wahlb.[erg], one
having in addition a red “‘ Typus’”’ label. My findings in connection with these
three specimens are set out below :

Specimen (1). This does not agree with Boheman’s original description. It is

an example of S. usambarae (p. 156).
ENTOM. 9, 2. 13

176 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Specimen (2). This example agrees with Boheman’s original description, but is
not the same species as the S. rufina Boh. interpreted by Péringuey. It is in point
of fact an example of Péringuey’s interpretation of S. valida Boh. (see p. 169).

Specimen (3). This specimen also agrees with the description given by Boheman
of S. rufina and, in addition it is an example of the species interpreted by Péringuey
as S. rufina Boh.

Although in theory either of specimens (2) and (3) could be selected as the lectotype
of S. rufina Boh., selection of the second specimen would lead to confusion. The
selection of the third example would cause no change in the present interpretation
of Boheman’s species and so I propose to take the latter course. I hereby select
specimen No. (3)—which I have labelled in an appropriate manner, to be the lecto-
type of Schizonycha rufina Boheman.

S. straminea (Pér.)

Atys stvaminea Péringuey, 1904, p. 256.
Atys stvaminea Pér., Andreae, 1933, pp. 105, 106.

Length 11-12-5 mm. Breadth 6-6-75 mm.

MALE

Derm yellowish to testaceous. Head with a general appearance similar to that .
of S. inverta (p. 183) and S. fallax (p. 117) ; labral emargination acute; anterior
clypeal face reflexed, vertically plane, with a broad median gap in its row of setiferous
punctures ; anterior edge of clypeus emarginate medially, arcuate laterally, extreme
lateral borders oblique, but straight; clypeal carina arcuate medially, overlying
frontoclypeal suture laterally; vertex angled, often with a roughly indicated,
incomplete transverse carina; clypeal punctures small, irregular, often slightly
elongate ; frontal punctures variable, usually concentrated toward lateral margins,
slightly asperose ; setae in punctures minute, fine. Pvonotuwm with anterior border
arcuate medially, sinuate toward obtuse anterior angles; posterior angles obtuse ;
posterior margin without a raised hind border in front of scutellum ; lateral borders
set with setae much shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with trans-
verse, subbasal, impunctate areas not well-defined ; punctures of disc and margins
similar to each other, separated by from less than one to about one and a half
diameters, each containing an inverted U-shaped groove and bearing a minute,
white seta about as long as the diameter of a puncture ; intervals smooth, or almost
so. Scutellum transverse (c. 3 : 4) ; punctate laterally ; punctures usually separated
by one diameter or less, similar to or slightly smaller than those of pronotum and
bearing minute setae; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Elytra with
punctures separated by less than their diameter as a rule, bearing minute setae
often shorter than the diameter of a puncture ; intervals smooth, shining ; lateral
borders with rather shorter outstanding setae near shoulders than is usual in
Schizonycha, setae between level of hind coxae and apices minute, not conspicuous.
Pygidium transverse (c. 45:70) ; convex both longitudinally and transversely ;
closely punctured ; punctures small, annulate, frequently separated by less than

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 177

one diameter ; intervals smooth or finely and faintly shagreened. Metasternum,
episterna and hind coxae with setiferous punctures except almost impunctate
mediobasal area of metasternum; setae long and obvious on anterior parts of
metasternum and episterna, elsewhere very short and inconspicuous; intervals
almost or quite smooth. Abdominal segments with punctures separated by a little
more than one diameter laterally, by considerably more than this medially ; punc-
tures bearing white or yellowish setae which are for the most part about as long as
the diameter of a puncture; some punctures, principally those of fifth segment
and a more or less regular transverse row on each segment, bearing distinctly longer
setae; intervals with very faint microsculpture, often very finely transversely
rugulose. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment about
half as long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus finer than lower, but longer.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 186 and 187).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but with much shorter lamellae to the antennal
club; with basal hind tarsal segment two thirds as long as second and with the
pygidium almost flat longitudinally.

Type locality : Ovamboland, S-W. Africa (no exact locality) (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S.W. Africa: Grootfontein (S.A.M.). S.
Rhodesia: Mafunga-busi (D.A.S.R.); Salisbury (B.M. (N.H.) and D.A.S.R.).
N. Rhodesia: Chingola; Feira, Zambezi (S.A.M.). Transvaal: Rustenburg.
Nyasaland : Cholo.

Total material seen : 29 examples.

S. rhodesiana Moser
Schizonycha rhodesiana Moser, 1920, p. 24.

Length 14mm. Breadth 7-8 mm.

MALE

Colour dark testaceous to castaneous. Head with labral emargination markedly
acute (45°-60°) ; anterior clypeal face scarcely convex, median gap in its row of
setiferous punctures broad ; clypeal carina arcuate medially, not strongly raised ;
fronto-clypeal suture distinct ; transverse carina across vertex somewhat feebly
raised ; clypeal punctures closely set, elongate; frontal punctures transverse or
obliquely transverse. Pronotum with anterior border sinuate toward anterior
angles which are directed obliquely forward; posterior margin without a raised
hind border ; lateral borders strongly crenulate, bearing outstanding setae often as
long as basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with distinct transverse, subbasal,
impunctate areas, elsewhere set with coarse punctures separated by from one half
to one and one half diameters, each containing an inverted U-shaped groove and
bearing a small, but conspicuous, white, squamiform seta; punctures somewhat
scabrose along anterior margin ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Scutellum
transverse (4:7); closely and coarsely punctate except mediobasally and along
lateral borders ; punctures bearing setae similar to those of pronotum ; intervals

178 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

finely shagreened. Elyiva with punctures separated by less than one diameter
except near scutellum, each bearing a seta similar to those of pronotum ; intervals
with faint traces of shagreening ; lateral borders with long, outstanding setae from
bases to level of second or third abdominal segment, setae thence to apicosutural
angles mostly minute and white with an occasional longer, testaceous bristle.
Pygidium with entire surface set with annulate punctures separated by less than
their diameter and bearing short, white, outstanding, squamiform setae ; intervals
finely, but quite strongly shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae
with punctures usually separated by about one diameter, episternal punctures a
little larger than those of metasternum and hind coxae; punctures of episterna
bearing some white, narrowly squamiform setae as well as long, fine hairs; setae
in punctures of metasternum and hind coxae usually long and fine, a few setae on
posterolateral parts of metasternum and lateral coxal areas similar to squamiform
setae of metasternal epimera ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Abdominal
segments more closely punctured laterally than medially ; punctures annulate with
anterior borders tuberculate, bearing either long, outstanding, yellowish testaceous
setae or short, white, subrecumbent, squamiform setae, the latter more especially
laterally and anterolaterally ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened, more notice-
ably so toward lateral borders. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal
hind tarsal segment slightly shorter than second ; tarsal claws of anterior legs with
upper ramus shorter and finer than lower, claws of middle and hind legs with upper
ramus slightly longer than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 188 and 1809).

FEMALE. Broader than the male and with the pygidium less convex longitudinally
and with the basal hind tarsal segment almost or quite as long as the one following.

Type locality : Rhodesia (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Salisbury (B.M. (N.H.) and
D.A.S.R.). Tanganyika Terr.: Kigonsera (B.S.S.).

Total material seen : 7 examples.

S. manicana Pér.
Schizonycha manicana Péringuey, 1904, p. 232.

Length 14:5-15°5 mm. Breadth 6-7-5 mm.

MALE

General colouring the same as that of S. rhodesiana. Head almost identical with
that of rhodesiana except for the characters referred to in the key to species. The
pronotum differs from that of rhodesiana in that the anterior border is more strongly
sinuate laterally and slopes obliquely backward to the anterior angles, and in that
the setae in the punctures of the pronotal disc are a little smaller and less conspicuous.
The elytra have finer and less conspicuous setae in their punctures and the outstand-
ing setae along the lateral borders approach more closely to the apical borders than
is the case in S. rhodesiana. The pygidium differs from that of rhodesiana as shown

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 179

in the key. The undersides of the two species are extremely alike, but a difference
exists in the legs (Text-fig. 47). In S. manicana the upper ramus of all the tarsal
claws is finer and shorter than the lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 192 and 193).

FEMALE. Slightly broader than the male; with the antennal club having
distinctly shorter lamellae ; with the pygidium more transverse and almost concave
medially ; with the upper ramus of the middle and hind tarsal claws as long as the
lower and with the apical border of the last abdominal segment shallowly excised
on either side of the arcuate middle section instead of being simply shallowly
emarginate medially as it is in the male.

Type locality : Manica, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Salisbury (B.M. (N.H.) and
D.A.S.R.) ; Lomagundi (D.A.S.R.); Gwelo (D.A.S.R.). Belgian Congo: S.E.
Katanga, 4,000 ft.

Total material seen : 13 examples.

S. constrata Pér.
Schizonycha constrata Péringuey, 1904, p. 221.

Length 13-14 mm. Breadth 7-8 mm.

MALE

Colour ferrugineous. Head with labral emargination strongly acute; anterior
clypeal face vertically convex with a wide gap in its row of setiferous punctures ;
anterior edge of clypeus truncate medially ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate; frons
about twice as long in midline as clypeus ; both clypeus and frons with irregularly
formed punctures, frons with an anteromedian impunctate area. Pronotum with
anterior borders slightly sinuate laterally ; anterior and posterior angles obtuse ;
lateral borders regularly crenulate and with setae as long as basal anterior tarsal
segment ; basal border not raised medially ; surface with two transverse, subbasal,
impunctate, declivous areas, one on either side of midline ; disc irregularly punctured,
each puncture containing an inverted U-shaped groove and bearing a white, squami-
form seta about as long as the diameter of a puncture ; intervals finely shagreened.
Scutellum punctate laterally, intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures
separated by about their own diameter, each with a squamiform seta slightly smaller
than those on pronotum ; intervals smooth ; lateral borders with long, outstanding,
yellowish-testaceous setae from bases to level of hind coxae, setae near bases as long
as basal anterior tarsal segment, becoming shorter posteriorly. Pygidium slightly
transverse ; annulate-punctate, punctures often larger toward upper angles ; setae
in punctures recumbent, squamiform, slightly longer and more obvious toward
upper angles ; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae
closely punctured, even across middle of foremost; usually with long, fine,
outstanding setae in punctures; posterolateral parts of metasternum, posterior
parts of episterna and lateral margins of hind coxae often with a few large, white,

180 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

recumbent, squamiform setae as well. Abdominal segments with punctures across
midline more or less restricted to a single row on each bearing short, suberect,
yellowish setae ; punctures more numerous toward lateral margins, a few here also
with outstanding, yellowish setae, but most with recumbent, white, squamiform
setae as long as, or slightly longer than, those of elytra; intervals finely, but very
faintly shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate, basal tooth well-marked ;
basal hind tarsal segment slightly shorter than the one following ; tarsal claws with
lower ramus a little more than half the length of upper and almost as broad at base,
upper tooth shallowly and broadly emarginate beneath apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 190 and 191).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality: Pretoria, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Pretoria; Heidelburg.

Péringuey records Waterberg, Transvaal as a locality for this species.

Total material seen: 7 examples.

S. inostralis sp. n.

Length 15mm. Breadth 8-25 mm.

MALE

Derm deep pitchy-red, shining. Head with labral emargination weakly acute ;
anterior clypeal face plane, reflexed medially, gap in its row of setiferous punctures
broad ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate, rather less strongly raised than is usual
for the genus; frontoclypeal suture clearly marked; clypeal punctures almost
circular ; frontal punctures closely set, irregularly shaped. Pronotum with anterior
border markedly sinuate laterally, almost sloping obliquely backward to anterior
angles; posterior angles sharp, but not very strongly obtuse; crenulate lateral
borders set with setae considerably shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ;
posterior margin without a raised hind border in front of scutellum ; surface without
clearly indicated transverse, subbasal impunctate areas; disc with coarse, closely
set punctures, frequently separated by much less than one diameter, each bearing a
small, but conspicuous squamiform seta; intervals finely and faintly shagreened.
Scutellum transverse (5:7) ; coarsely setoso-punctate laterally ; punctures similar
to those of pronotum ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated
by less than their own diameter as a rule, bearing small, but obvious, squamiform
setae ; intervals almost smooth, sometimes with faint traces of shagreening ; lateral
borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to level of hind coxae, thence to
apicosutural angles with small, white setae interspersed occasionally by longer
bristles. Pygidium transverse, coarsely annulate-punctate, more closely so basally
where they are separated by less than one diameter ; punctures bearing setae finer
than those of elytra; intervals somewhat irregularly raised, with faint traces of
shagreening in some parts. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with stiff,
outstanding, yellowish setae or, on the latter two areas, fine, squamiform setae,
much longer than any on upper surfaces; coarse punctures annulate and, except

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 181

for mediobasal area of metasternum, separated by less than their diameter. Ab-
dominal segments annulate-punctate, each puncture tuberculate anteromedially
and bearing either a short, white, narrowly squamiform seta, or a longer, fine, yellow,
non-squamiform bristle ; squamiform setae longer than those of elytra, but shorter
than those of metepisterna and hind coxae ; punctures separated by less than one
diameter toward lateral borders, by more than one diameter medially ; intervals
smooth except along extreme lateral margins where they are finely shagreened.
Legs with basal (third) external tooth of anterior tibiae feeble ; basal hind tarsal
segment about two thirds as long as second ; tarsal claws of anterior legs with upper
ramus shorter and finer than lower; upper ramus of tarsal claws of middle and
hind legs almost or quite as long as lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 194 and 195).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Holotype: A male in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Resolution,
Grahamstown [Cape Province] 1930 (Miss Walton).

Paratype: One with the same data as the holotype, but “‘ Oct-Nov. 1928’.

S. abrupta sp. n.
Length 16-17 mm. Breadth 8-5-9 mm.

MALE

Derm castaneous, somewhat shining; head, pronotum and elytra almost uni-
colorous. Head with labral emargination slightly obtuse (Text-fig. 18) ; anterior
clypeal face not convex vertically, with a brief median gap in its row of setiferous
punctures; anterior edge of clypeus briefly straight medially, sometimes slightly
emarginate ; clypeal carina weakly arcuate; frontoclypeal suture usually not
clearly visible ; transverse carina on vertex usually weakly arcuate when viewed
from above, not strongly raised, with a row of contiguous punctures immediately
behind it; clypeal punctures elongate; frontal punctures more or less radially
arranged around a centre situated immediately behind frontoclypeal suture ; setae
on frons and clypeus minute, white or yellowish, slightly more conspicuous toward
eyes. Pronotum with anterior border very slightly sinuate, anterior angles directed
obliquely forward ; posterior margin without a raised hind border medially ; lateral
borders with stiff, outstanding setae a little longer than basal anterior tarsal segment ;
surface with narrow, transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas, one on each side;
disc with coarse punctures each containing an inverted U-shaped groove and
separated by less than one diameter in most places, more sparsely arranged postero-
laterally ; punctures bearing small, white, recumbent, narrow setae, not much
larger, if at all, than diameter of punctures ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened.
Scutellum transverse; closely annulate-punctate laterally; intervals between
punctures finely and faintly shagreened ; punctures bearing small setae similar to
those on pronotum. Elytra with punctures separated by slightly more than one
diameter, each with a seta similar to those on pronotum ; intervals between punctures

182 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

very slightly roughened ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding, yellow setae from
bases to level of hind coxae or slightly beyond ; setae behind level of hind coxae
along lateral and apical elytral borders usually minute, white, recumbent. Pygidium
slightly transverse, feebly convex vertically, strongly convex horizontally ; annulate-
punctate ; punctures separated by one diameter or more, bearing minute setae,
often scarcely more than half as long as the diameter of a puncture; intervals
faintly and finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae annulate-
punctate, punctures separated by more or less their own diameter except on sparsely
punctate posteromedian area of metasternum ; punctures bearing long, fine, deep
yellow setae. Abdominal segments with white, slightly squamiform setae in
punctures toward lateral margins ; setae smaller and much less conspicuous toward
midline ; intervals almost smooth except along extreme lateral margins. Legs with
anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment distinctly shorter than
second (3 : 5-3: 4); tarsal claws with lower ramus less than half as long as upper
and widely divergent from it (Text-fig. 10).

Genitalia (Text-figs. 206 and 207).

FEMALE. Differs from the male by having reduced, non-functional wings. The
antennal club has shorter lamellae ; the tarsi are shorter ; the body is more rounded ;
the metepisterna, hind coxae and postero-lateral areas of the metasternum bear
some white, squamiform setae as well as long, fine hairs; the length-ratio of the
apical spurs of the hind tibiae is much less than 2 : 1 whereas in the male it is almost
exactly 2: I.

Holotype: A male in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Longhope, Cape Province
Jan.—Feb. 1928 (Miss E. Gough). |

Paratypes: 2 males with same data as holotype. (B.M. (N.H.) & (Z.M.B.)).
1 female “‘Cap. Krebs”’ (Z.M.B.). 1 female ‘Pr. b. Sp. Lichtenst.”’

S. deceptor sp. n. (Text-fig. 1)
Length 14-145 mm. Breadth 7-5 mm.

MALE

This species is very closely related to S. abrupta, described above. The unusual
formation of the elytral epipleurae is a character which readily distinguishes it from
its close relative and is used in the key to species. In other respects abrupia and
deceptor are very alike. The description of the former applies equally well to
deceptor except for the characteristics listed below.

The species is smaller and reddish testaceous in colour, the derm being moderately
shining. The head has the labral emargination rightangled, the median gap in the
row of setiferous punctures along the anterior face of the clypeus is moderately
broad and the frontoclypeal suture is clearly visible. The pronotum has the discal
punctures slightly more widely spaced. The elytra are a little more sparsely and less
regularly punctured and the intervals are more noticeably sculptured ; the lateral
borders have the long, outstanding setae confined to between the bases and the

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 183

level of the hind border of the metasternum, the setae behind this point are very
short and directed more or less vertically downward. The pygidium is finely, but
quite strongly shagreened between coarse punctures.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 196 and 197).

FEMALE. Unknown. .

Holotype: A male in the Museum G. Frey, Munich. Trompsburg [Orange Free
State] 26.10.48 Leg. C. Koch.

Paratypes: 8 with same data as holotype (F. and B.M. (N.H.)). 1 male Honde-
klipbaai [Namaqualand, Cape Province] 16.11.48 (No collector) (F.).

S. inverta (Pér.)
Atys inverta Péringuey, 1904, p. 254.
Length 11-5 mm. Breadth 6 mm.

MALE

Colour pale testaceous. Head with labral emargination very slightly obtuse ;
anterior clypeal face reflexed medially, not vertically convex; gap in its row of
setiferous punctures broad; clypeal carina moderately arcuate; frontoclypeal
suture distinct ; basal cephalic carina moderately well-marked ; frons and clypeus
with irregularly and rather sparsely arranged punctures. Pronotum with anterior
border faintly sinuate laterally, if at all; posterior margin without a raised hind
border in front of scutellum ; setae along lateral borders shorter than basal anterior
tarsal segment ; disc with punctures separated by their own diameter or more, each
containing an inverted U-shaped groove and bearing a most minute seta; no
subbasal impunctate areas present; intervals between coarse punctures smooth.
Scutellum multipunctate, especially laterally ; intervals finely and faintly sha-
greened. FElytra with deep, close punctures separated by one diameter or less, each
bearing a minute seta a little more conspicuous than those of pronotal punctures ;
intervals smooth; lateral borders set with rather short outstanding setae near
shoulders, setae elsewhere minute. Pygidium transverse, with closely set, circular
punctures, often separated by less than one diameter ; intervals smooth or somewhat
wrinkled, not shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae almost glabrous,
a few short setae present on anterior parts of metasternum. Abdominal segments
with setiferous punctures separated toward lateral margins by about one diameter,
becoming progressively more sparsely arranged toward midline; intervals very
faintly shagreened toward lateral borders, if at all, smooth on disc. Legs with
anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment very little more than half as
long as the one following ; upper ramus of tarsal claws scarcely longer than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 198 and 199).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Delagoa Bay, Port. E. Africa (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Nyasaland: Mlanje.

Total material seen : 2 examples.

184 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Péringuey’s type specimen has the head and thorax missing and the genitalia,
which have been dissected out and mounted, are damaged. They are, however,
unlike any other south African species (although they resemble the genitalia of
some species from other parts of Africa). The peculiar prolongation of one side of
the apical borders of the hind tibiae (Text-fig. 48) is very characteristic, but in other
respects this species is very similar to S. straminea Pér. (p. 176).

S. minor sp. n.
Length 10 mm. Breadth 5-5-6 mm.

MALE

Colour piceous red. Head with labral emargination almost rightangled ; anterior
clypeal face slightly convex vertically, gap in its row of setiferous punctures
moderately broad ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate and slightly angulate medially ;
frontoclypeal suture readily visible ; transverse carina on vertex distinctly formed ;
clypeal punctures elongate; frontal punctures irregularly scabrose. Pronotwm
with anterior angles slightly forwardly produced, anterior border almost evenly
emarginate ; posterior margin without a raised hind border in front of scutellum ;
surface with annulate punctures bearing small, fine setae ; punctures separated by
less than one diameter except medially and basilaterally ; intervals between punc-
tures smooth except for micropunctures ; lateral borders set with stiff, outstanding
setae shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment. Scutellum equilateral, bearing a
few punctures, especially anteriorly; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with
punctures separated for the most part by one diameter or less, bearing small, fine
setae; intervals between coarse punctures roughened, set with micropunctures ;
lateral borders with long, outstanding setae near shoulders, shorter, subrecumbent
setae posteriorly. Pygidium with annulate punctures separated by about their own
diameter basally, by considerably more than one diameter toward apex ; punctures
bearing small, fine setae similar to those on elytra; intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae sparsely set with short, non-squamiform
setae; intervals between punctures finely shagreened. Abdominal segments,
except for the last two, each with a single transverse median row of punctures,
pluripunctate laterally ; punctures bearing short, fine setae; intervals almost
smooth except along extreme lateral margins. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ;
basal hind tarsal segment almost as long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus
distinctly longer than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 200 and 201).

FEMALE. Differs from the male in being more rounded in outline. It is wingless
and has the humeral calli of the elytra reduced in prominence. The lower ramus of
the tarsal claws is much shorter than the upper and curves away from it sharply.
The metasternal epimera have a few, slightly squamiform setae in their punctures
as well as non-squamiform hairs.

Holotype: A male in the South African Museum, Cape Town, Grootfontein,
S-W. Protect.[-ectorate] Jan. 1920 (R. W. Tucker).

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 185

Paratype: 1 female Withdrai, Siidl. Kalahari 8.5.48 (no collector) (F.).

In general facies, this species is like a small example of S. saga Pér. (p. 198) or a
slightly large specimen of S. minima Pér. (p. 205), but the absence of the long setae
at the base of the mentum place these two species in a different major section of the
key. Also the punctation of S. saga differs markedly from that of S. minor and in
the case of S. minima, the setae of the upper surfaces are large, conspicuous and
distinctly squamiform.

S. perforata Burm.

Schizonycha perforata Burmeister, 1855, p. 267.
Schizonycha ciliata Péringuey (nec Burm.), 1904, p. 203 (syn nov.).

Length 20-5-23 mm. Breadth 8-9:5 mm.

MALE

Colour variable, usually castaneous with head and pronotum slightly darker than
elytra. Head (Text-fig. 21) with labral emargination slightly obtuse (100-110°) ;
anterior clypeal face vertically convex, with a moderately broad median gap in its
row of setiferous punctures; upper anterior edge of clypeus sharply emarginate
medially ; clypeal carina forwardly angulate medially, longitudinal median clypeal
carina usually well-marked, especially anteriorly ; vertex without a raised transverse
carina; clypeal punctures elongate; frontal punctures irregular, closely set.
Pronotum with anterior border strongly sinuate ; anterior angles strongly obtuse ;
anterior margin strongly convex near anterior angles; posterior angles obtuse ;
crenulate lateral borders bearing setae often longer than basal anterior tarsal
segment, especially in posterior half ; posterior margin without a raised hind border
in front of scutellum; disc with a longitudinal median impunctate area and two
transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas; elsewhere closely scabroso-punctured,
each puncture with a small, white, narrowly squamiform seta; intervals finely
shagreened and with scattered, minute punctures as well. Scutellum pluripunctate,
especially laterally; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with large, setiferous
punctures separated by more than their own diameter, setae a little longer than on
pronotum ; intervals set with micropunctures; lateral borders with stiff, out-
standing setae from bases almost to apices, setae palely testaceous, decreasing in
length toward apical borders of elytra. Propygidium with transverse rows of
closely-set, transverse punctures. Pygidium slightly transverse; convex; more
closely punctured over upper half than elsewhere ; punctures somewhat scabrose
over upper half; all punctures setiferous, setae longer basilaterally ; intervals
finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae closely punctured, long
setae in punctures giving pectus a densely villose appearance. Abdominal segments
with punctures more closely set laterally, some of them scabrose, some punctures
bearing long, outstanding setae, others with recumbent, squamiform setae varying
in size although usually distinctly larger than any of the upper surfaces ; intervals
finely shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal
segment as long as or slightly longer than second ; upper ramus of all tarsal claws
longer than lower and emarginate beneath apices.

186 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Genitalia (Text-figs. 204 and 205).

FEMALE. Apart from the shorter lamellae of the antennal club and the tendency
to have a slightly less transverse pygidium, there is practically no difference between
the two sexes of this species.

Type locality : Cape of Good Hope (coll. Drege) (Univ. Halle).

Other material examined from: Cape Province: Port Nolloth; Bowesdorp
(S.A.M.) ; Concordia Mine (S.A.M.); Namaqualand (no more detailed locality) ;
Between Kamieskroon and Springbok (S.A.M.).

All the above localities are in the northwestern part of Cape Province.

Total material seen: 12 examples.

Having had the opportunity to study the material, a single male example,
standing in the Burmeister collection over the name Sch. perforata, I have discovered
that it is the species interpreted by Péringuey as S. ciliata Burm. The true
S. ciliata Burm. is redescribed on p. 146 of the present paper.

S. abscondita sp. n.

Length 12-14 mm. Breadth 6:5-7:5 mm.

MALE

Derm castaneous. Head with labral emargination rightangled ; anterior clypeal
face reflexed medially, plane or feebly convex vertically, with a broad median gap
in its row of setiferous punctures; anterior edge of clypeus straight or weakly
emarginate medially, arcuate laterally; clypeal carina strongly arcuate, bluntly
angled medially ; frontoclypeal suture clearly visible; vertex not sharply angled
and without a transverse carina ; clypeal punctures about twice as long as broad,
usually separated by about one transverse diameter, bearing minute, white setae as
long as the transverse diameter of a puncture; frontal punctures transverse or
- obliquely transverse, slightly asperose, separated by up to one transverse diameter
longitudinally, usually by much less than this transversely, bearing setae similar to
those of pronotal punctures. Pronotum (Text-fig. 31) with anterior border arcuate
medially, sinuate toward obtuse anterior angles ; posterior angles obtuse ; posterior
margin with a raised hind border in front of scutellum ; lateral borders with out-
standing setae longer than basal anterior tarsal segment; surface with clearly-
marked transverse, subbasal impunctate areas; punctures of disc and margins
annulate or nearly so, separated by from less than one to about two diameters ;
punctures each with a minute, white seta about as long as its diameter; disc
usually with a longitudinal median impunctate space; intervals with faintly
indicated shagreening and with scattered micropunctures as well. Scutellum trans-
verse (c. 5:7); punctate laterally ; punctures usually slightly smaller than those of
pronotum, each containing an inverted U-shaped groove and bearing a minute seta
about as long as the diameter of a puncture ; punctures separated by up to about
one diameter; intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Elytrva with punctures
separated by about one diameter or less, bearing minute setae shorter than the
diameter of a puncture ; intervals almost smooth ; lateral borders with outstanding

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 187

setae from bases to level of fourth abdominal segment, setae thence to apices few,
scattered, minute. Pygidium transverse (5:7); convex; closely annulate-
punctate ; punctures separated for the most part by less than one diameter and
bearing fine setae not or only a little longer than their diameter ; intervals finely,
often faintly shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with long, fine,
yellowish setae in punctures except on posterior parts of episterna, posterolateral
parts of metasternum and lateral margins of hind coxae where setae are shorter
and often white. Abdominal segments with punctures separated by about one
diameter along lateral margins, progressively more widely separated toward midline ;
each segment with a more or less regular, single row of outstanding setae across its
middle ; setae in other punctures variable ; other setae on discs minute, other setae
toward and along lateral margins larger, often much longer than the diameter of a
puncture ; intervals almost smooth medially, finely shagreened along lateral margins
of segments. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment four
fifths as long as second; tarsal claws with upper ramus longer than lower and
shallowly emarginate beneath apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 202 and 203).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but with the basal hind tarsal segment as
long as the one following, with a more swollen abdomen and with the lamellae of the
antennal club distinctly shorter.

Holotype: A male in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Transvaal 1897 (A. Ross).

Paratypes: I male with same data as holotype. 1 male Johannesburg, TP
[Transvaal] Sept., 1919 Ent. S N. 2845. 1 male Pretoria [Transvaal] 3.10.14.
1 male Pretoria, Transvaal Oct. 16 1915 ‘“‘ On grapevine foliage”. 1 male ditto
but Nov. 6 1915. 1 female Pretoria, Transvaal Oct. 10 1915. 2 females Pretoria
Tvl. 28.ix.1921. 1 female Cedara N P. [Natal] Oct. 1949 Entomologist S N. 3924.
I male Bedford View, Jhbg., Transvaal Nov. 1952 (A. L. Capener). 1 male Rusten-
burg Transvaal 12.xli.52 (A. L. Capener). 1 female ditto but 10.xii.52. 1 male
Naboomspauit [Naboomspruit], N. Transvaal 1.49 (Zumpt) (F.). 1 female Pretoria,
S. Afr. XII.50 (Zumpt) (F.).

Although this species bears a strong superficial resemblence to S. fimbriata Brske.
(p. 207), the setae at the base of the mentum in S. abscondita cause it to appear
earlier in the key to species. The other differences between the two species are
referred to in their respective descriptions.

S. capensis Burm.

Schizonycha capensis Burmeister, 1855, p. 269.
Shizonycha fraudulenta Péringuey, 1904, p. 226 (syn nov.).

Length 15-5-16 mm. Breadth 7-5-8 mm.

MALE

Testaceous to ferrugineous. Head with labral emargination almost exactly right-
angled ; anterior clypeal face not or slightly convex vertically, with a moderate
median gap in its row of setiferous punctures; anterior edge of clypeus straight

188 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

medially, broadly rounded laterally ; clypeal carina moderately to strongly arcuate ;
frontoclypeal suture clearly visible ; vertex more or less sharply angled, without a
transverse carina, but with its place marked by a row of very closely set punctures
giving the effect of a transverse groove ; clypeal punctures slightly elongate, separ-
ated by less than one diameter ; frontal punctures transverse and obliquely trans-
verse, also separated by less than their own diameter ; punctures of both clypeus
and frons bearing minute, inconspicuous setae. Pronotuwm with anterior border
almost evenly emarginate, emargination somewhat flattened medially; anterior
angles obtuse; posterior angles obtuse; posterior margin without a raised hind
border in front of scutellum; lateral borders with outstanding setae longer than
basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with clearly-marked, transverse, subbasal,
impunctate areas; discal punctures annulate or containing an inverted U-shaped
groove, punctures separated by from less than one to almost two diameters, bearing
minute, white, narrowly squamiform setae about as long as the diameter of a punc-
ture ; punctures a little more closely set along anterior margin, but not asperose ;
intervals between punctures finely shagreened. Scutellum strongly transverse (2 : 3
or more) ; punctate laterally, punctures bearing similar setae to those of pronotum ;
intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by slightly less than
one diameter as a rule, bearing minute, white, squamiform setae very like those of
pronotum ; intervals with faint traces of shagreening ; lateral borders with out-
standing setae from bases to level of fourth or fifth abdominal segment. Pygidium
transverse (c. 7:9); convex both longitudinally and transversely ; punctures
annulate, separated by about their own diameter or a little more basilaterally, by
more elsewhere, especially along midline and apical margin which are more or less
impunctate ; punctures bearing minute, white setae similar to those of elytra ;
intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae
with most punctures bearing long, fine, yellow setae ; a few punctures, particularly
on posterior half of metepisterna, posterolateral parts of metasternum and extreme
lateral margins of hind coxae bearing large, appressed, white, squamiform setae,
much larger than any on upper surfaces. Abdominal segments with squamiform
setae in most punctures, those toward midline of segments less conspicuous than
elytral setae, those toward and along lateral margins larger and more conspic-
uous than elytral setae; each segment, except the penultimate, with, in addition
to the above, a more or less regular single row of punctures across it bearing
short, suberect, yellow, non-squamiform setae ; penultimate with some much longer
setae in punctures; interval between punctures faintly shagreened. Legs with
anterior tibiae tridentate, the basal tooth being rather faintly produced ; basal hind
tarsal segment a little more than two thirds as long as the second ; tarsal claws of
all legs with upper ramus longer than lower and emarginate beneath apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 208 and 209).

FEMALE. Unknown to me. Burmeister indicates that he knew both sexes of
this species, but does not say how they may be distinguished.

Type locality : S-W. Africa (Univ. Halle).

Other material examined from: ‘‘ Cap. bonae Spei”’ (B.S.S.). And the holotype
of S. fraudulenta Pér. which has no recorded locality (Z.M.B.).

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 189

Total material seen : 3 examples.

The Burmeister collections contain a single male specimen over the name S.
capensis. It agrees with the original description of that species given by Burmeister
and there is no reason why it should not be the last remaining example from the
original series upon which Burmeister based his species.

Through the kindness of Dr. Delkeskamp, I have been able to examine the unique
holotype of S. fraudulenta Pér. There is no doubt that it is conspecific with S.
capensis. This vindicates the late Herr Brenske, who had identified the specimen
described by Péringuey as S. fraudulenta as S. capensis Burm.

S. boschimana Pér.

Schizonycha boschimana Péringuey, 1904, p. 202.
Schizonycha litigiosa Péringuey, 1908, p. 680 (syn. nov.).

Length 13-14 mm. Breadth 6-5-7 mm.

MALE

Colour castaneous with head and pronotum somewhat darker. Head with labral
emargination strongly obtuse ; anterior clypeal face vertically convex, without, or
with a very brief median gap in its row of setiferous punctures (which runs very
close to the lower edge of the anterior face of the clypeus in the middle) ; anterior
edge of clypeus almost or quite truncate medially, depressed toward this point when
viewed from in front; clypeal carina strongly arcuate, less sharply raised than
usual; frons and clypeus almost equal in length along midline ; vertex not sharply
angled and without a transverse carina ; surface of both clypeus and frons set with
asperose punctures, those of clypeus slightly elongate, their internal borders sharply
formed and weakly raised. Pronotwm with anterior border strongly sinuate laterally,
anterior margin strongly convex near obtuse anterior angles; posterior angles
obtuse; lateral borders set with stiff, outstanding setae about as long as basal
anterior tarsal segment ; hind margin without a raised posterior border in front of
scutellum ; surface, except for two transverse subbasal areas and sometimes a longi-
tudinal median impunctate area as well, set with slightly asperose punctures, more
closely and strongly punctured anterolaterally ; punctures bearing minute setae ;
intervals with very faint microsculpture. Scutellum sparsely punctured laterally ;
intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by about
their own diameter, each bearing a small, narrowly squamiform seta; intervals
between punctures finely roughened ; lateral borders fringed with outstanding setae
from bases to apices, setae becoming progressively shorter toward apicosutural
angles. Pygidium with scattered punctures, generally more closely set on basal
half, each puncture bearing a very small, slightly squamiform seta; intervals
finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with punctures usually
separated by about their own diameter, bearing either long, fine, very pale setae or,
especially on the episterna, a mixture of long, fine setae and broad, squamiform setae
much larger than any on upper surfaces. Abdominal segments with a mixture of

190 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

long, outstanding setae, short, recumbent setae and squamiform setae in punctures ;
intervals finely shagreened. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate; basal
hind tarsal segment as long as second; tarsal claws with lower ramus distinctly
shorter and finer than upper ramus which is emarginate beneath its apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 210 and 211).

FEMALE. Broader than the male ; with slightly shorter lamellae to the antennal
club ; with a slightly less transverse pygidium ; with the basal hind tarsal segment
a little longer than the one following and with the rami of the tarsal claws less
closely applied to each other.

Type locality: Bushmanland, N-W. Cape Province (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Nylstroom (S.A.M.) (Holotype and
other specimens of S. litigiosa Pér.).

Total material seen: 4 examples.

Péringuey described S. boschimana from the female only. When describing S.
litigiosa at a later date he had both sexes before him. I have been able to examine
the type specimens of S. boschimana and S. litigiosa and also a female specimen
from the same series as the latter type. Itis clear that S. boschimana and S. litigiosa
are the same species.

S. geilenkeuseri Brske.

Schizonycha geilenkeuseri Brenske, 1898, p. 358.
Schizonycha exasperans Péringuey, 1904, p. 211 (syn. nov.).

Length 11-5-12°5 mm. Breadth 5:5 mm.

MALE

Derm testaceous with head and pronotum usually darker. Head with labral
emargination very strongly obtuse ; anterior clypeal face slightly convex vertically,
with a narrow median gap in its row of setiferous punctures, row of punctures
approaching very closely the lower anterior edge of the clypeus; upper anterior
edge of clypeus semicircular (it may appear to be more or less truncate medially if
viewed from above, but this is due to its being depressed medially (Text-fig. 25)) ;
clypeal carina arcuate; frontoclypeal suture visible, not backwardly arcuate
medially ; head without a transverse carina on vertex and not sharply angled at
vertex ; frontal punctures irregular and scabrose ; clypeal punctures more regular
and usually elongate. Pronotwm with anterior border strongly sinuate, anterior
angles directed obliquely backward ; posterior angles strongly obtuse ; hind margin
without a distinct raised posterior border in front of scutellum; lateral borders
strongly sinuate behind anterior angles when viewed from the side, crenulate except
for a short distance behind anterior angles, set with outstanding setae shorter than
basal anterior tarsal segment ; disc set with shallow, slightly transverse punctures,
less widely separated anteriorly and laterally than elsewhere, setae in punctures
minute, scarcely longer than the diameter of a puncture; intervals finely and
faintly shagreened. Scutellum with a varying number of large, annulate punctures ;
intervals finely and faintly shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by more

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN I9gI

than one diameter, by two or more diameters toward apices, punctures bearing
minute, narrowly squamiform setae more conspicuous than those of pronotal disc ;
intervals very finely and faintly shagreened; lateral borders with outstanding,
conspicuous setae near bases, setae elsewhere minute, inconspicuous. Pygidium
slightly transverse; apical border more or less truncated; annulate-punctate,
punctures separated by from one to two diameters toward upper margin, progres-
sively more sparsely arranged toward lower border; intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with punctures separated by their own
diameter or more except on disc of metasternum which is almost impunctate ;
punctures of metasternum and hind coxae bearing long, fine, subrecumbent setae
except for a few, slightly squamiform setae laterally; episterna with punctures,
except those near anterior borders, bearing long, appressed, narrowly squamiform
setae. Abdominal segments almost impunctate medially, punctures toward lateral
margins set for the most part with recumbent, slightly squamiform setae inter-
mediate in size between those of upper surfaces and those of metasternal epimera,
some setae a little larger and suberect, a few, particularly on penultimate segment,
much longer, suberect and bristle-like ; intervals finely shagreened laterally. Legs
with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment as long as second
segment ; tarsal claws with upper ramus more than twice as long as lower and more
robust at base.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 212 and 213).

FEMALE. Almost inseparable externally from the male except for a slightly more
bulbous abdomen, an almost quadrate pygidium with a rounded apex, shorter hind
tarsi and the lower ramus of the anterior tarsal claws which in the female is as broad
as the upper ramus.

Type locality: “‘ Kalahari-Wiiste ’”’ (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Rustenburg (S.A.M.—Type of S.
exasperans Pér.). S-W. Africa: Maltahoehe ; Voitgrund.

Total material seen: 5 examples.

In his description, Péringuey states that the anterior margin of the clypeus is
broadly truncate, whereas in the type specimen it is semicircular. As mentioned
in the description given above, the anterior edge of the clypeus is depressed medially
with the result that, if viewed from above, the anterior border may appear truncate.
This seems a more likely explanation of the apparent discrepancy between the
description and the type than that the specimen made available to me was in fact
not the type.

I have been able to examine, through the kindness of Dr. K. Delkeskamp of the
Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, the female type specimen of S. geilenkeuseri Brske.
I have no doubt that it is conspecific with the type specimen of S. exasperans Pér.
kindly made available to me by the authorities of the South African Museum,
Capetown.

S. meracula Pér.

Schizonycha mevacula Péringuey, 1904, p. 211.

Length 9-11 mm. Breadth 4-5 mm.

ENTOM. 9, 2. 14

192 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

MALE

Colour testaceous with head and pronotum somewhat darker. Head with labral
emargination strongly obtuse, rounded medially ; anterior clypeal face vertically
plane, its row of setiferous punctures irregularly spaced; clypeal carina straight
medially, arcuate toward lateral borders ; vertex with a feebly indicated transverse
carina, carina forwardly angled medially where it usually joins a blunt, weakly
raised longitudinal median frontal carina; clypeal punctures elongate; frontal
punctures asperose. Pronotwm with anterior border sinuate toward anterior angles
which are directed obliquely backward ; posterior angles obtuse ; posterior margin
with a raised hind border in front of scutellum ; lateral borders set with outstanding
setae shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment; disc with a longitudinal median
impunctate area and two transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas; elsewhere punc-
tate, punctures sparsely set posteriorly, more closely set and asperose anteriorly ;
intervals indistinctly and finely shagreened. Scutellum transverse; coarsely
punctate ; intervals with traces of fine shagreening. Elytra with punctures separated
by more than their own diameter as a rule; intervals thrown into folds in some
places, especially near suture ; setae in elytral punctures slightly more conspicuous
than those of pronotum, but minute nevertheless; lateral borders with stiff,
outstanding setae from bases to level of middle of metasternum, setae behind this
point minute, inconspicuous. Pygidium quadrate or slightly transverse ; sparsely
annulate-punctate, punctures more closely set toward upper margin ; intervals finely
shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with punctures separated by
about their own diameter, bearing long, non-squamiform setae ; intervals faintly and
finely shagreened. Abdominal segments with punctures somewhat scabrose and
more closely set toward lateral margins, bearing short, recumbent setae which are,
in some cases, slightly squamiform ; intervals finely shagreened. Legs with anterior
tibiae strongly tridentate; basal hind tarsal segment almost as long as the one
following ; tarsal claws not deeply cleft, the upper ramus distinctly longer than the
lower and closely applied to it.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 214 and 215).

FEMALE. Extremely like the male, but with a slightly broader body and with
shorter hind tarsi as a rule.

Type locality: “‘ Walfish ”’ [Walvis] Bay, S-W. Africa (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S-W. Africa: Okahandja; Windhoek (B.M.
(N.H.) and F.).

Péringuey also records this species from Ovamboland.

Total material seen: 6 examples.

S. inscita (Pér).
Avys inscita Péringuey, 1904, p. 254.
Length 10-5 mm. Breadth 5-5 mm.
MALE

Derm pale testaceous with head and pronotum a little darker. Head with labral
emargination strongly obtuse ; anterior clypeal face slightly convex vertically, with

ee eee

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 193

a brief median gap in its row of setiferous punctures; anterior edge of clypeus
weakly rounded medially, more strongly so laterally, depressed medially ; clypeal
carina not strongly raised, straight or feebly biarcuate medially; frontoclypeal
suture strongly biarcuate ; transverse carina across vertex feebly raised, sometimes
replaced by a row of transversely confluent punctures ; frons usually with a feebly
raised, longitudinal median carina extending from middle of vertex toward
middle of frontoclypeal suture ; clypeal punctures sparse ; frontal punctures closely
set, irregularly shaped ; antennae nine-segmented. Pronotum (Text-fig. 37) with
anterior border sinuate laterally, anterior angles obtuse, anterior border directed
very slightly backward to them; posterior angles obtuse, very briefly rounded ;
lateral borders crenulate, setae on them shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ;
hind margin without a raised posterior border in front of scutellum; disc with
transversely crescentic punctures separated by their own width or more, separation
greatest toward base of pronotum; transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas not well-
marked ; intervals finely shagreened ; setae in punctures of pronotal disc minute,
inconspicuous. Scutellum equilateral ; with scattered, transversely crescentic punc-
tures ; intervals finely shagreened. E/ytra with punctures separated by about their
own diameter, each bearing a minute, greyish-white seta; intervals roughened ;
lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases to, or almost to apices.
Pygidium transverse, very strongly convex; set laterally with irregularly spaced,
slightly transversely crescentic punctures, each bearing a small, slightly squamiform
seta; pygidium impunctate, or almost so medially; intervals finely shagreened.
Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with emarginate punctures, often separated
by their own diameter or more, each bearing a long, fine, non-squamiform seta.
Abdominal segments scabroso-punctate laterally, punctures bearing non-squamiform
setae of varying length. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind
tarsal segment about half as long as second ; tarsal claws with lower ramus less than
half as long as upper and less robust at base.
Genitalia (Text-figs. 216 and 217).
FEMALE. Unknown to me. Péringuey notes that the abdominal segments are
more pubescent in the male than in the female”. The female should

have ten-segmented antennae and it is very probable that its pygidium will be
much less convex than that of the male.

Type locality : Lydenburg, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: “ Caffraria’’ (N.H.R.M.).

Total material seen: 2 examples.

Péringuey also records Sebakwe, S. Rhodesia as a locality for this species.

The record noted above as “ Caffraria’’ is a specimen included in the series of
specimens in the Boheman collection over the name S. affinis (p. 207).

ce

S. globa sp. n. (Text-fig. 4)

Length 11-13 mm. Breadth 7-8 mm.

194 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

MALE

Colour black, antennae, tibiae and tarsi somewhat reddish, not very shining.
Head with labral emargination almost rectangular; anterior clypeal face feebly
convex vertically, strongly reflexed and with a broad median gap in its row of
setiferous punctures ; anterior edge of clypeus broadly truncate medially ; clypeal
carina strongly arcuate ; clypeus somewhat shorter in midline than frons ; frontal
punctures shallow, annulate; clypeal punctures elongate; vertex without a
transverse carina. Pronotum with anterior border usually slightly sinuate laterally ;
anterior and posterior angles obtuse ; hind margin with an unusually broad raised
posterior border in front of scutellum ; lateral borders set with outstanding setae
shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with two transverse, subbasal
impunctate areas ; disc with large punctures, more widely separated medially than
toward anterior and lateral margins, each containing an annular groove or an
inverted U-shaped groove ; disc sometimes with a longitudinal median impunctate
area; discal punctures each containing a minute seta, not as long as the diameter
of a puncture; intervals finely, but strongly shagreened. Scutellum variably
sculptured ; finely shagreened, sometimes set with coarse punctures similar to those
of pronotal disc. Elyira with punctures separated by about their own diameter,
each bearing a minute seta similar to those in punctures of pronotal disc ; intervals
finely, but strongly shagreened, more strongly so toward apices; lateral borders
arcuate, outstanding setae confined to between bases and level of middle of meta-
sternum. Body wingless. Pygidium variably annulate-punctate with inconspicuous
setae in punctures, setae slightly longer than those of elytral punctures ; intervals
less strongly shagreened than those of elytra, surface often coarsely wrinkled.
Metasternum episterna and hind coxae regularly punctured, punctures separated
by about their own diameter and bearing short setae medially, posteriorly and
laterally, setae in punctures on anterior parts of metasternum and episterna longer,
outstanding ; metasternum unusually short, correlated with the wingless condition.
Abdominal segments almost impunctate medially, scabroso-punctate laterally ;
punctures bearing short, appressed setae similar to setae on posterolateral parts of
metasternum ; intervals finely shagreened laterally, almost smooth toward midline.
Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate, basal tooth well-marked although much smaller
than second tooth; basal hind tarsal segment distinctly shorter than second ;
tarsal claws with upper ramus much shorter and finer than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 218 and 2109). ;

FEMALE. Very similar to the male except for the fact that the hind tarsi have
the basal segment as long as or slightly longer than the second segment and the tarsal
claws have the upper ramus a little longer than the lower, equally robust and some-
what divergent from it.

Holotype: A male in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Langkrans, Natal 1956
(Wattle Res[earch] Inst.[itute]).

Paratypes: 4 males and 7 females with the same data as the holotype. 4 females
Vryheid, Natal Jan. 1940 ‘D’ Alton) (Damaging foliage of young gum tree). 1 male,
2 females Vryheid, Natal 29.11.1953 (de Schwardt) (Damaging young wattle).

———

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 195

1 male, 4 females Natal Nov. 1929 (Chief Entomologist, Pretoria). 1 female Inyati,
Natal Oct. 1955 (Wattle Res. Inst.) (On Wattle). 6 females Natal 28.11.1933
(Chief Entomologist, Pretoria). 1 male, 1 female Natal [Pieter] Maritz. [burg]
(S.A.M.).

This species is unusual in that the wingless male has the rounded appearance of a
female. In other species where the male has the wings reduced or absent, such as
S. natalensis Brske. (p. 210), the male retains its more oblong form and the elytra
still possess humeral callosities. From this it would appear that S. globa has been
flightless for a longer period than any other known species of the genus.

S. squamifera Walleng.

Schizonycha squamifera Wallengren, 1881, p. 19.
Schizonycha squamifera Wallengr., Péringuey, 1904, p. 216.
Schizonycha lilliputana Brenske, 1898, p. 377.

Schizonycha lilliputana Brsk., Péringuey, 1904, p. 210.

Length 7:5-13 mm. Breadth 4-25-7-5 mm.

MALE

Although this species shows a very strong resemblance to S. pseudosquamifera
(p. 152), the latter appears in a different section of the key to species because of the
presence of a pair of stiff setae along the base of the mentum.

The present species is very closely related to S. carbonaria Boh. (below), differing
from it by the character mentioned in the key to species and in that the setae along
the lateral borders of the pronotum are relatively longer and that the apical borders
of the elytra do not possess a fringe of short, fine, downwardly directed setae.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 220 and 221).

FEMALE. Differs from the male in being more rounded in outline, having the
wings reduced to non-functional vestiges, having the humeral calli of the elytra
reduced, having shorter lamellae to the antennal club and in having a less convex
pygidium.

Type locality: ‘‘ Transvaalia, Afr. merid.’”’ (Zoologiska Inst., Lund.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Johannesburg; Pretoria (B.M.
(N.H.) and D.A.S.R.); Zoutpansburg; no exact locality (Fry Coll.). Natal:
Estcourt ; Frere; unlocalized (Andrewes Bequest). ‘Int. S. Afr.’’ (Lord Derby
Coll.). ‘‘ Caffraria”’ (N.H.R.M.).

Other localities given by Péringuey: Cape Province: Stellenbosch. Natal:
Durban ; Umvoti. S-W. Africa: Ovamboland.

Total material seen: 34 examples.

Péringuey considered S. lilliputana Brske. to be a synonym of S. squamifera,
basing this judgement upon three examples from Frere, Natal. I have also seen
material from Frere which appears to differ from S. sguamifera only in size. I feel
that further collecting may establish the existence of some local race or geographical
subspecies, but for the present I have adopted the Péringuey decision,

196 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

S. carbonaria Boh.

Schizonycha carbonaria Boheman, 1857, p. 99.
Schizonycha carbonaria Boh., Péringuey, 1904, p. 215.

Length 9-105 mm. Breadth 5-5—6-5 mm.

MALE

Colour black except for antennal and tarsi which are generally piceous. Head
with labral emargination rightangled or feebly acute ; anterior clypeal face vertically
plane, median gap in its row of setiferous punctures sometimes bridged by non-
setiferous punctures; anterior edge of clypeus truncate, emarginate medially ;
clypeal carina strongly arcuate; frons longer in midline than clypeus ; vertex not
carinate, head not sharply angled at vertex; clypeal punctures elongate, their
external borders sharply formed; frontal punctures obliquely transverse, usually
containing an inverted, U-shaped groove; clypeal and frontal punctures bearing
short, narrowly squamiform setae, those of clypeus pointing toward lateral borders,
those of frons directed obliquely backward from an anteromedian point. Pronotum
with anterior border evenly emarginate, anterior angles almost rightangled ; posterior
angles obtuse ; hind margin usually with a narrow, raised posterior border in front
of scutellum ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae usually slightly shorter
than basal anterior tarsalsegment ; surface without transverse, subbasal, impunctate
areas, sometimes with a longitudinal median impunctate area; disc coarsely, but
shallowly punctured, punctures usually separated by about their own diameter or
less, each containing an inverted U-shaped groove and bearing a seta similar to
those on head; intervals finely, but distinctly shagreened. Scutellum slightly
broader than long; punctate laterally, punctures similar to those of pronotal disc
and similarly setiferous ; intervals finely, but distinctly shagreened. FElytra shal-
lowly punctured, punctures separated by more than one, sometimes by more than
two diameters, bearing setae similar to those of pronotum; intervals finely, but
strongly shagreened ; outstanding setae along lateral borders from bases to level of
hind coxae similar to setae along lateral pronotal borders, setae from level of hind
coxae to apicosutural angles much shorter and more closely set, setae directed
downward along apical borders. Pygidium transverse (10 : 13) ; convex ; shallowly
annulate-punctate, punctures usually concentrated in dorsolateral areas where
they are separated by from one to two diameters; punctures bearing minute,
yellowish-testaceous setae, somewhat finer than setae on elytral disc; intervals
finely shagreened, though not as strongly as those of elytra. Metasternum, episterna
and hind coxae with coarse punctures separated by their own diameter or more,
very sparsely arranged on disc of metasternum ; most punctures bearing recumbent,
narrowly squamiform setae distinctly longer than those of upper surfaces, a few
longer outstanding bristles present on anterior parts of metasternum and on medio-
basal metasternal area. Abdominal segments with recumbent, slightly squamiform
setae in faintly scabrose punctures toward lateral margins, setae intermediate in
size between those of metasternal epimera and those of upper surfaces ; punctures

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 197

much more sparsely set medially ; a few long, suberect setae present on penultimate
segment ; intervals finely shagreened laterally. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly
tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment about as long as second ; tarsal claws with
upper ramus longer than lower and about as broad at base.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 222 and 223).

FEMALE. Wingless; more rounded in outline; with a flatter pygidium and
slightly shorter lamellae to the antennal club.

Type locality: ‘‘Caffraria’’ (N.H.R.M.).

Other material examined from: “ Caffraria’”’ (N.H.R.M.). Natal: Ulundi;
Quela ; Frere ; Willow Grange, Mooi River ; Estcourt ; Port Natal; “ Natal” (no
more detailed locality, Coll. Ertl, B.S.S.).. Cape Province: ‘“‘ Griqualand ”’ (B.S.S.).
[This last locality is presumably Griqualand East, to the south east of the Drakens-
berg and immediately south of Natal and not Griqualand West which lies to the
west of the Orange Free State.]

Total material seen : 20 examples.

Through the kindness of Prof. R. Malaise, I have been able to examine the five
specimens named as S. carbonaria in the Boheman collection. The results of this
examination are summarized below.

Specimen (1). Data: ‘‘ Cap. B. Spei, Victorin ” and a red “ Allotypus ”’ label.
This is a male and has had its genitalia dissected out and mounted. It is a specimen
of S. globator (F.) (p. 141). It does not agree with the description given by Boheman
for S. carbonaria.

Specimen (2). Data: “ Caffraria, J. Wahlb. Type” and a red “ Typus”’ label.
This specimen does not agree entirely with the description given by Boheman for
S. carbonana; particularly difficult to reconcile are the broad squamae in the
pronotal punctures and the squamis erectis setiformibus :
referred to by the describer. This specimen is a female example of S. squamtfera
Wallengren (p. 195).

Specimens (3), (4) and (5). All bear the data “ Caffraria, J. Wahlb.’’ They are
all female, agree well with the description of S. carbonaria given by Boheman and
with S. carbonaria as interpreted by Péringuey.

In view of the fact that the specimen bearing the type label does not agree with
the original description of the species it would seem advisable to disregard it and to
select as a lectotype one of the three examples which do fit the description. This I
propose to do and hereby select specimen No. (3) as the lectotype of Schizonycha
carbonaria Boheman.

ce

S. dissimilis Pér.
Schizonycha dissimilis Péringuey, 1904, p. 220.
Length 10-5-11'5 mm. (Péringuey gives—12-5 mm.). Breadth 5:5 mm.
MALE
Colour pale castaneous with head and pronotum more reddish in tone.

By far the closest relative of this species is S. continens Pér. (p. 158), the latter
appearing in a different section of the key to species, In fact, if the absence of the

198 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

basal setae of the mentum is not noticed in an example of S. dissimilis, it will easily
key out to S. continens.

The description given above for S. continens will apply equally well to S. dissimilis,
but the male genitalia of the two species exhibit constant differences. Those of
S. dissimilis are distinctly less robustly constructed than those of S. continens, but
the most easily observable difference occurs in the relative lengths of the basal piece
and the parameres in the two species. This is clearly shown (Text-figs. 224 and 164)
in the profile drawings of the two sets of genitalia.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 224 and 225).

FEMALE. Exhibits the same sexual differences as the female of S. continens.

Type locality : Waterberg, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Nelspruit. Bechuanaland: Francis-
town (F. and B.M. (N.H.)).

Total material seen : 6 examples.

As I have noted above, Péringuey gives an upper size limit for this species of
12:5 mm. long. My own experience accords the species a maximum length of 11-5
mm. This discrepancy may well be accounted for by the fact that I have seen
only six specimens of the species, but it is also possible that Péringuey based his
estimate of the size range upon a mixed series containing examples of S. continens
(size range 125-13 mm. long).

S. saga Pér.
Schizonycha saga Péringuey, 1904, p. 219.
Length 12:5-13 mm. Breadth 6-5-7 mm.

MALE

Colour dark castaneous to piceous. Head with labral emargination very slightly
obtuse ; anterior clypeal face vertically convex, gap in its row of setiferous punctures
sometimes bridged by non-setiferous punctures ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate ;
frontoclypeal suture distinct ; vertex without, or with a very feebly indicated
transverse carina ; clypeal punctures slightly elongate ; frontal punctures irregular
in size and spacing. Pronotwm with anterior border evenly emarginate ; anterior
and posterior angles obtuse ; hind margin without a raised posterior border in front
of scutellum ; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae often longer than basal
anterior tarsal segment ; disc, except for two transverse, subbasal impunctate areas
and sometimes an irregularly-shaped, small, median impunctate area, closely and
deeply punctured, each puncture containing an inverted U-shaped groove and
bearing a small, but distinct, squamiform seta; punctures separated by less
than one diameter, especially anterolaterally ; intervals subcoriaceous. Scutellum
transverse ; with a row of punctures along each lateral margin; intervals finely
shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by about one diameter, each bearing
a squamiform seta similar to those of pronotal punctures ; lateral borders with long,
outstanding setae from bases to level of third abdominal segment ; intervals between
punctures almost smooth. Pygidium transverse ; weakly convex ; deeply annulate-

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 199

punctate, punctures often separated by less than one diameter ; surface somewhat
rugulose between punctures; punctures bearing short, outstanding, squamiform
setae except near apex where setae are longer and non-squamiform. Metasternum,
episterna and hind coxae with long, coarse, yellowish-white setae in punctures, a few
large, squamiform setae also present on episterna ; punctures deep and annulate.
Abdominal segments closely punctured laterally, punctures arranged in irregular
transverse rows, punctures on disc also arranged in transverse rows, but less closely
set ; punctures sometimes bearing non-squamiform setae, but in most cases with
short, appressed, squamiform setae, similar to those of elytra although usually a
little narrower ; intervals slightly wrinkled, but not finely shagreened. Legs with
anterior tibiae strongly tridentate; basal hind tarsal segment almost as long as
second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus as broad as lower and distinctly longer.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 226 and 227).

FEMALE. Extremely similar to the male.

Type locality : Worcester, Hex River (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Cape Province: Hex River (S.A.M.) ; Montagu
(S.A.M.).

Total material seen: 3 examples.

S. perplexabilis Pér.
Schizonycha perplexabilis Péringuey, 1904, p. 220.
Length 135-15 mm. Breadth 6-7-5 mm.

MALE

Colour black to piceous. Head with labral emargination acute ; anterior clypeal
face almost plane, median gap in its row of setiferous punctures broad; clypeal
carina strongly arcuate ; frontoclypeal suture visible ; transverse carina on vertex
feebly raised at most ; frons and clypeus closely punctured, punctures bearing small,
but conspicuous, white, squamiform setae. Pronotum with anterior border very
feebly sinuate laterally ; hind margin with a somewhat irregularly raised posterior
border in some examples ; setae along lateral borders almost as long as basal anterior
tarsal segment ; surface without, in most examples, any clearly defined, transverse,
subbasal impunctate areas; disc with deeply impressed, annulate punctures,
separated by much less than one diameter toward anterior margin, irregularly
spaced posteriorly, but often separated by less than one diameter here also ; punc-
tures bearing small, but distinct, white, squamiform setae; intervals finely and
rather faintly shagreened. Scutellum slightly transverse; punctate laterally ;
intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by slightly less than
one diameter, each bearing a white, squamiform seta as on pronotum; intervals
finely, faintly and incompletely shagreened ; lateral borders with outstanding setae
from bases to level of third or fourth abdominal segment. Pygidium weakly convex
horizontally, almost flat vertically; transverse; annulate-punctate; intervals
variable in size, finely shagreened ; squamiform setae in punctures similar to those

200 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

of elytra. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with, except along anterior
margin of metasternum, squamiform setae in punctures; setae at least twice as
long as those on upper surfaces; intervals finely and very faintly shagreened.
Abdominal segments with punctures arranged in transverse rows, more closely set
toward lateral borders; punctures toward lateral margins of first four segments
bearing squamiform setae; each segment with a single transverse row of fine,
outstanding non-squamiform setae ; fifth segment with squamiform setae on disc
as well as on lateral margins; intervals between punctures finely shagreened
laterally, almost smooth medially. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ;
basal hind tarsal segment almost as long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus
as broad at base as lower and distinctly longer.

Genitalia (Text-figs 228 and 229).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but usually slightly broader; the antennal
club has relatively shorter lamellae and the basal hind tarsal segment is quite as
long as the second segment.

Type locality : Sebakwe, S. Rhodesia (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Bulawayo; Lonely Mine ; Umtali;
Sebakwe (S.A.M.) ; Trelawney (D.A.S.R.) ; Salisbury (D.A.S.R.).

Total material seen: 11 examples.

S. filiola Moser
Schizonycha filiola Moser, 1917, p. 254.

Length 9-9-5 mm. Breadth 4:5 mm.

MALE

This species is very closely related to S. infans (Pér.) (p. 202), separated from it as
indicated in the key to species and by the following :

The hind margin of the pronotum has a feebly raised posterior border in front of
the scutellum; the pronotal punctures are coarser; the setae along the lateral
borders of the elytra are all short and subrecumbent except for a few near the
shoulders. The metasternum is even more sparsely punctured than that of S. enfans,
the long setae on its anterior parts being shorter than those of S. infans and less
densely arranged.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 230 and 231).

FEMALE. Differs from the male in being wingless, more rounded in outline and
in having a relatively much shorter metasternum. The lamellae of the antennal
club are much shorter. The tarsi are shorter and the basal segment of the hind
tarsi is only a little shorter than the second segment whereas in the male it is
about half as long as the second segment. The tarsal claws of the female all have
the upper ramus longer than the lower and somewhat divergent from it.

Type locality : Port Natal (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: Natal: Frere; Van Reenen, Drakensberg ;
unlocalized (Nevinson coll.).

Total material seen: 12 examples.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 201

S. dilucida Brske.

Schizonycha dilucida Brenske, 1898, p. 359.
Schizonycha exacerbans Péringuey, 1904, p. 213 (Syn. nov.).

Length 11-5-13 mm. Breadth 5:75-6:75 mm.

MALE

Derm testaceous with head and pronotum darker. Head with labral emargination
strongly acute; anterior clypeal face shallowly convex vertically, with a rather
narrow median gap in its row of setiferous punctures; anterior edge of clypeus
straight medially, broadly rounded laterally to eyes ; clypeal carina strongly raised,
evenly arcuate ; frontoclypeal suture clearly visible medially, more or less overlain
laterally by clypeal carina ; vertex sharply angled and with a raised carina across
middle five sevenths; clypeal punctures separated by less than one diameter,
usually elongate and with their internal borders only sharply defined, bearing.
minute, white setae ; frontal punctures transverse or obliquely transverse, separated
- longitudinally by a little less than one transverse diameter, transversely by less than
one longitudinal diameter, bearing minute setae slightly more conspicuous than those
of clypeus. Pronotum with anterior border sinuate laterally, directed obliquely
backward to anterior angles; posterior angles obtuse; posterior margin with a
raised hind border in front of scutellum; lateral borders with outstanding setae
shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with clearly-marked, transverse,
subbasal impunctate areas ; punctures of disc slightly transverse, each containing
an M-shaped groove and bearing a small, white, narrowly squamiform seta almost
as long as the diameter of a puncture ; separation of punctures varying from less
than one to about two diameters ; punctures along anterior margin smaller than
those on disc, asperose ; intervals smooth or sometimes finely shagreened. Scutel-
lum slightly transverse (8: 9) ; punctures more or less confined to lateral margins,
circular or slightly transverse, bearing setae slightly smaller than those of pronotal
punctures ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures separated by more
or less their own diameter, bearing setae similar to those of pronotum ; intervals
between punctures almost smooth, with faint traces of shagreening ; lateral borders
with stiff, outstanding setae confined to between bases and level of middle of metas-
ternum. Pygidium transverse (c. 5:6); strongly convex ; punctures more or less
annulate, separated by from less than one to almost two diameters, bearing minute,
white, outstanding setae ; intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum with punctures
separated by more than their diameter for the most part, mediobasal area even more
sparsely punctured ; punctures on anterior half bearing long, fine, yellowish setae
punctures elsewhere bearing short, white, lanceolate, appressed, squamiform setae,
about twice as long as the diameter of a puncture; metepisterna with punctures
separated by one diameter or less, bearing setae similar to those on posterior parts
of metasternum ; hind coxae with punctures separated by about one diameter and
bearing setae similar to those of metepisterna; intervals between punctures of
metasternum, episterna and hind coxae smooth or finely and faintly shagreened,

202 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

Abdominal segments with annulate, faintly asperose punctures separated by from
one to about two diameters toward and along lateral margins, bearing setae inter-
mediate in size between those of hind coxae and those of elytra ; punctures toward
midline of abdominal segments progressively more sparsely arranged, reduced across
middle to a single row of punctures bearing long, more or less outstanding, yellowish
setae and a few other, scattered punctures bearing minute, inconspicuous setae ;
intervals smooth. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment
about seven tenths as long as second; tarsal claws with upper ramus longer than
lower, almost as broad at base, emarginate beneath apex.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 232 and 233).

FEMALE. Very like the male.

Type locality : Bagamoyo, Tanganyika T. (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: S. Rhodesia: Sebakwe (Type of S. exacerbans
Pér.—S A.M.). Filabusi. Port. E. Afr.: Caia, Zambesi; unlocalized. Nyasaland:
Chiromo. Tanganyika T : Bagamoyo (Z.M.B.).

Total material seen: 8 examples.

The synonymy of the two species is based upon a personal examination of the twa
male holotypes.

S. infans (Pér.)
Atys infans Péringuey, 1904, p. 256.
Length 10-10:-5 mm. Breadth 5-5:5 mm.

MALE

Colour pale testaceous with head and pronotum slightly darker. Head with
labral emargination obtuse ; anterior clypeal face vertically plane, median gap in
its row of setiferous punctures moderately broad ; clypeal carina arcuate medially ;
frontoclypeal suture clearly visible ; transverse carina on vertex scarcely raised,
grooved behind ; clypeal punctures shallow, elongate ; frontal punctures obliquely
transverse, shallow, their anteromedian borders slightly raised. Pronotum with
anterior border strongly sinuate laterally, anterior angles obtuse, anterior border
directed slightly backward toward them ; posterior margin with a sharply raised
hind border in front of scutellum ; lateral borders shallowly crenulate, briefly sinuate
before hind angles, set with setae shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface
with short, narrow, transverse subbasal impunctate areas ; disc with close, coarse,
round punctures bearing small setae which are slightly squamiform toward lateral
margins of pronotum; intervals finely shagreened. Scutellum almost as long as
broad (7:8); coarsely punctured along lateral margins ; punctures bearing short,
white, narrowly squamiform setae ; intervals finely and rather faintly shagreened.
Elytra with punctures usually separated by their own diameter (by more toward
apices) and bearing minute, white, slightly squamiform setae ; intervals very faintly
coriaceous ; lateral borders set with outstanding setae from bases to about level of
third abdominal segment, becoming progressively shorter toward this point, setae
thence to apicosutural angles small, as short as on elytra, but finer. Pygidium

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 203

transverse (7:9); with coarse, sparsely set, annulate punctures, more closely set
basally ; punctures bearing small, white, scarcely squamiform setae, a little finer
than those of elytra ; intervals finely and often faintly shagreened. Metasternum,
episterna and hind coxae rather sparsely punctured, intervals often greater than
one diameter, smooth ; short, squamiform setae present on posterior half of episterna,
posterolateral areas of metasternum and lateral parts of hind coxae, the last being
longer than those elsewhere ; setae in other areas long, non-squamiform. Abdominal
segments almost impunctate medially, more obviously punctured laterally ; punc-
tures usually bearing setae similar to those on posterior halves of metasternal
epimera ; intervals finely shagreened laterally, smooth medially. Legs with anterior
tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment half as long as second ; upper
ramus of tarsal claws slightly more than half as long as second and much finer.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 234 and 235).

FEMALE. I have been able to examine a single example which I believe to be
the female of S.infans (Pér.) It differs from the male in being wingless, more rounded
in outline, having very much shorter lamellae to the antennal club and in having
the upper ramus of all the tarsal claws slightly longer than the lower and somewhat
divergent from it.

Type locality: Johannesburg, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Johannesburg. And “Cape of
Good Hope ”’ (ex coll. Reiche) .

Péringuey records Frere, Natal as a locality for this species.

Total material seen: 7 examples.

S. corrosa Burm.

Schizonycha corrosa Burmeister, 1855, p. 270.

Schizonycha corrosa Burm., Péringuey, 1904, p. 252.

Atys corrosa (Burm.), Andreae, 1933, p. 106.

Atys humilis Péringuey, 1904, p. 258.

Atys humilis Pér., Andreae, 1933, p. 106.

Atys ovatula Pér. (nec Brenske), 1904, p. 255 (partim female).

Atys ovatula Pér. (nec Brenske), Andreae, 1933, p. 106 (partim female).

Length 12-13 mm. Breadth 6:5-7:5 mm.

MALE

Colour testaceous to dark castaneous with head and pronotum often slightly darker
Head with labral emargination almost rightangled ; anterior clypeal face reflexed
medially, faintly convex vertically and with a broad median gap in its row of seti-
ferous punctures ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate medially, overlying frontoclypeal
suture laterally ; basal cephalic carina scarcely raised, grooved behind; clypeus
with elongate punctures; frontal punctures transverse, containing inverted, U-
shaped grooves with the arms of the ‘‘U”’ directed posterolaterally. Pronotum
(Text-fig. 33) with anterior border feebly sinuate laterally ; anterior angles almost

204 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

rectangular ; posterior margin with a raised hind border in front of scutellum ;
lateral borders crenulate for anterior half, almost without notches in posterior half,
abruptly sinuate shortly before posterior angles; lateral borders bearing setae
generally shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface without well-marked
transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas; disc with coarse, circular, annulate or
grooved punctures, separated by more or less one diameter and bearing minute,
inconspicuous setae; a longitudinal median impunctate area usually present ;
punctures more closely arranged along extreme anterior margin than elsewhere ;
intervals finely, but quite strongly shagreened. Scutellum transverse (5:7); a
single row of coarse punctures present near each lateral margin ; punctures bearing
minute, inconspicuous setae; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures
separated by about one diameter or slightly more except along sutural margins
where separation is often by much more than one diameter; punctures bearing
setae very slightly more conspicuous than those of pronotum; intervals finely
shagreened except for humeral calli which are smooth; lateral borders set with a
few outstanding setae near shoulders, setae elsewhere on lateral and apical borders
minute, inconspicuous. Pygidium slightly transverse ; feebly convex ; surface set
with sparsely arranged, annulate punctures, somewhat more closely set basilaterally,
bearing minute, outstanding setae ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened, broadly
longitudinally rugulose in some examples. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae
annulate-punctate ; punctures on coxae separated by about their own diameter or
more and bearing short, fine, subrecumbent setae; intervals finely shagreened ;
intervals of metasternum and episterna more variable in size, finely shagreened ;
punctures bearing short setae posterolaterally, much longer bristles anteriorly.
Abdominal segments very sparsely setoso-punctate medially, more closely punctured
toward lateral margins ; punctures each with a trace of a tubercle on their anterior
border, setae in punctures a little longer and finer than those of elytra, but not as
long as setae on hind coxae; intervals finely shagreened along lateral margins,
almost smooth medially. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind
tarsal segment slightly more than half as long as second (6: 11) ; upper ramus of
all tarsal claws much finer and about half as long as lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 236 and 237).

FEMALE. Wingless; more rounded in outline than the male ; with much shorter
lamellae to the antennal club, shorter hind tarsi and the upper ramus of all tarsal
claws is at least as long as the lower.

Type locality : S. Africa (coll. Ecklon) (Univ. Halle).

Other material examined from : Cape Province: Mossel Bay; Cape; E. London
(S.A.M.) ; Stutterheim (S.A.M.); ‘“ Pr. b. sp.” (Krebs) (Z.M.B.).

Péringuey gives Seymour and Grahamstown in Cape Province as localities for
this species. (As A. humilis.)

Total material seen : 10 examples.

The Burmeister collection in the Martin Luther University at Halle contains a
single female over the name S. corrosa. It agrees with the description given by
Burmeister and there is no reason why it should not be regarded as the holotype of |
S. corrosa.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 205

Péringuey found himself unable to interpret the Burmeister description and in
fact redescribed S. corrosa under the name Atys humilis Pér. Andreae, writing in
1933, makes this clear, stating at the same time that he had been able to examine
the Burmeister material of S. corrosa and so had been able to compare it with the
Péringuey series of A. humilis. Andreae also noticed that Péringuey had broadened
the scope of Brenske’s Schizonycha ovatula to include S. corrosa Burm.

S. minima Peér.
Schizonycha minima Péringuey, 1904, p. 218.

Length 9 mm. Breadth 4:25 mm.

MALE

Derm very dark red-brown, shining. Head with labral emargination slightly
acute ; anterior clypeal face vertically plane, median gap in its row of setiferous
punctures moderate, bridged by non-setiferous punctures ; anterior edge of clypeus
truncate medially ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate, angled medially ; frontoclypeal
suture clearly visible; clypeal punctures elongate ; frontal punctures transverse,
each containing an inverted U-shaped groove. Pronotum with anterior border
evenly emarginate ; anterior and posterior angles obtuse, the former only slightly
so; hind margin with a trace of a raised posterior border in front of scutellum ;
lateral borders set with coarse setae usually shorter than basal anterior tarsal seg-
ment ; surface with two very narrow, transverse, subbasal impunctate areas ; disc
very coarsely annulate-punctate, punctures for the most part separated by much
less than their own diameter, each bearing a conspicuous, squamiform seta ; intervals
smooth except for a few scattered, minute punctures. Scutellum with a few coarse
punctures, each bearing a white, squamiform seta. FElytra deeply and closely
punctured, punctures separated by less than their own diameter, bearing setae
similar to those in pronotal punctures ; intervals almost smooth; lateral borders
with stiff, outstanding setae near shoulders, a few outstanding setae present toward
apical borders, but very widely separated. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae
setoso-punctate, setae long and stiff on anterior parts of metasternum, squamiform,
but longer than those of upper surfaces posterolaterally ; episterna and hind coxae
with long, squamiform setae, interspersed with a few non-squamiform bristles.
Abdominal segments annulate-punctate, more closely so laterally, punctures bearing
elongate, squamiform setae similar to those of hind coxae ; median areas of ab-
dominal segments with a few squamiform setae and each with a transverse row of
non-squamiform bristles. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate; basal
hind tarsal segment slightly shorter than second; lower ramus of tarsal claws
more than half as long as upper and closely applied to it.

Genitalia (Text-fig. 238) (after Péringuey).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality: Delagoa Bay (S.A.M.).

The male type specimen is the sole example of this unusual species known to me.

206 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

S. affinis Boh.

Schizonycha affinis Boheman, 1857, p. 103.
Schizonycha furva Péringuey, 1904, p. 242 (Syn. nov.).
Schizonycha natalica Moser, 1917, p. 253 (Syn. nov.).

Length 10-12:-5 mm. Breadth 5:5-6:5 mm.

MALE

Derm light to dark testaceous with head and pronotum usually darker. Head
with labral emargination weakly acute ; anterior clypeal face reflexed, feebly convex
vertically, median gap in its row of setiferous punctures usually bridged by non-
setiferous punctures ; clypeal carina usually strongly arcuate ; frontoclypeal suture
clearly marked ; vertex without a transverse carina and not sharply angled ; clypeal
punctures slightly elongate; frontal punctures obliquely transverse. Pronotum
with anterior border strongly sinuate laterally, slightly forwardly arcuate medially ;
posterior angles briefly rounded; hind margin without a raised posterior border
in front of scutellum ; lateral borders feebly crenulate, notches widely separated,
setae almost as long as basal anterior tarsal segment; surface with transverse,
subbasal impunctate areas usually very narrowly marked ; a longitudinal median
impunctate area usually present also; discal punctures containing an inverted
U-shaped groove, usually arranged in groups, separation often by less than one
diameter, punctures bearing minute, inconspicuous setae; intervals smooth.
Scutellum transverse (4:5); punctate laterally ; punctures bearing minute setae ;
intervals smooth. Elyira with punctures separated by more or less one diameter,
bearing setae as on pronotum ; intervals smooth ; lateral borders with short out-
standing setae from bases to about level of apical border of fourth abdominal seg-
ment. Pygidium transverse; variably annulate-punctate; intervals sometimes
more, sometimes less than one diameter, smooth; punctures bearing small setae
similar to those of elytra. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with long,
narrow, squamiform setae posteriorly and posterolaterally ; longer, non-squamiform
setae present along anterior margins of episterna and metasternum; intervals
smooth. Abdominal segments more closely punctate laterally than toward mid-
line ; setae in punctures non-squamiform medially, slightly squamiform laterally,
especially anterolaterally ; intervals faintly shagreened along extreme lateral margins,
smooth elsewhere. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate, basal tooth very blunt as
a rule; basal hind tarsal segment a little more than half as long as second ; tarsal
claws with upper ramus about half as broad as and somewhat shorter than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 239 and 240).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but the antennal club has shorter lamellae.

Type locality: “ In regione fluvii Gariepis’’ (N.H.R.M.).

Other material examined from: Natal: Indaleni; Durban; Weenen; Pieter-
maritzburg; Port Natal (B.M. (N.H.) and N.H.R.M.); “ Natal’’ (Unlocalized,
B.M. (N.H.) and B.S.S.); Pinetown (Holotype of S. natalica Moser, Z.M.B.) ;
Eshowe, Zululand. ‘? Cape Colony’’ (Holotype of S. furva Pér., S.A.M.).

Total material seen : 21 examples.

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 207

Through the kindness of Prof. Malaise, I have been able to examine the seven
specimens conserved in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm, over the
name S. affinis Boh. As their data shows, at least six, if not all of these specimens
could have been seen by Boheman when he described the species. Two of the
specimens bear white ‘‘ Type” labels, thought to have been added by Boheman
himself, although most probably at a later date and not at the time when he described
the species. An account of my findings in respect of these specimens and the other
five is given below:

Specimen (1). Data: ‘‘ Caffraria, J. Wahlb. Type 2”’ and a red label with the
printed word “Typus’’. This specimen agrees reasonably well with Boheman’s
description.

Specimen (2). Data: As for (1), but with no sex indicated, without a “ Type ”’
label and with a red ‘‘ ALLoTypus”’ label. This specimen is a male and has had
the genitalia dissected out and mounted by Péringuey. It differs on several counts
from the description of S. affinis given by Boheman, but is obviously a specimen
upon which Péringuey based his interpretation of S. affinis (see p. 103).

Specimen (3). Data: As for (2), but without an ‘“ AtLtotypus”’ label. This
specimen is a female example of S. languens Pér. (p. tor). It does not agree with
Boheman’s description of S. affinis.

Specimen (4). Data: As for (3). This is a female example of the species inter-
preted by Péringuey as S. affinis.

Specimen (5). Data: As for (3). This specimen does not agree with the descrip-
tion of S. affinis. It is a male example of S. inscita (Pér.) (p. 192).

Specimen (6). Data: As for (1), but without a red ‘“ Typus”’ label. This
specimen agrees with Boheman’s description and is conspecific with specimen (r).

Specimen (7). Data: ‘Pt. Nat. Dohrn.’”’ This is another female example, con-
specific with specimens (1) and (6).

Specimens (1), (6) and (7) agree with Boheman’s description. The “ Port Natal ”’
specimen does not agree in locality with the distribution given after the specific
diagnosis. ‘‘ Caffraria’’ on the other hand is sufficiently broad a term to include
the upper reaches of the Orange River, visited by Wahlberg on his journeys.

As no published citation of a holotype exists, the two examples, (1) and (6),
may be considered as equal syntypes of Boheman’s species. They are the only
specimens in the Boheman collection to which the name S. affinis may properly be
applied. This being so, I hereby select one of them, specimen (1), as the lectotype
of Schizonycha affinis Boheman.

S. fimbriata Brske.

Schizonycha fimbriata Brenske, 1898, p. 377.
Schizonycha vaalensis Péringuey, 1904, p. 231 (syn. nov.).

Length 14-15 mm. Breadth 7-8 mm.

MALE
Colour castaneous; shining. Head with labral emargination acute; anterior

clypeal face vertically plane, with a median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ;
ENTOM. 9, 2. 15

208 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

anterior edge of clypeus emarginate medially; clypeal carina strongly arcuate,
sometimes angled medially ; no trace of a transverse carina present on vertex ;
frons slightly longer in midline than clypeus ; punctures of clypeus elongate ; frontal
punctures obliquely transverse, asperose. Pvonotum with anterior border sinuate
laterally, forwardly arcuate medially (as in Text-fig. 31) ; anterior and posterior
angles obtuse ; posterior margin with an ill-defined raised hind border in front of
scutellum ; disc annulate-punctate, punctures irregularly spaced, usually more closely
set anteriorly, each with a minute, pale yellowish-white seta; transverse, subbasal
inpunctate areas usually present, although not always clearly defined; intervals
between coarse punctures finely, often extremely faintly. shagreened ; lateral borders
with outstanding setae not quite as long as basal anterior tarsal segment. Scutellum
shallowly punctate laterally ; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra with punctures
separated by slightly less than their own diameter in many instances, bearing setae
similar to those on pronotum ; intervals smooth, or almost so; lateral borders
with outstanding setae from bases almost to apical borders, long and conspicuous
near shoulders, shorter and less conspicuous for apical three fourths. Pygidium
irregularly annulate-punctate, punctures bearing setae similar to, but slightly finer
than those of elytral punctures; intervals slightly roughened as a rule. Metas-
ternum, episterna and hind coxae with annulate punctures bearing long, fine, pale
yellow setae, those on anterior parts of metasternum longer than those elsewhere.
Abdominal segments more closely punctured laterally than on disc, punctures
bearing fine setae of varying lengths, the shorter ones similar to the setae of the
elytra, the longer setae usually disposed along the lateral margins of the segments,
but sometimes, particularly on the penultimate segment, there is also a transverse
row of longer bristles continuing right across the segment ; intervals with traces
of shagreening along lateral margins, almost smooth except for a faintly wrinkled
effect medially. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate; basal hind tarsal
segment about four fifths as long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus slightly
shorter than lower on anterior legs, slightly longer than lower ramus on middle and
hind legs (Text-fig. 12).

Genitalia (Text-fig. 241).

FEMALE. Very similar to the male, but the antennae have shorter lamellae
making up the club; the pygidium is generally less transverse and more convex.

Type locality: Transvaal (Z.M.B.). ;

Other material examined from: Cape Province: Unlocalized (Holotype of S.
vaalensis Pér. (S.A.M.). Natal: New Hanover; unlocalized (B.S.S.). Transvaal :
Potchefstroom (F.) ; unlocalized (Nevinson coll.). S. Africa: Unlocalized (Pascoe
coll.).

Total material seen: I0 examples.

Péringuey records the following localities for this species: Cape Province:
Kimberley ; Vaal River; Barkly West.

Péringuey remarked that he had been able to compare a typical example of S.
africana Klug (nec Cast.) with his species. He stated that the two were almost
identical. I have seen the material of S. africana Klug (= S. salaama Brske.) in the
Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, and find it sufficiently different from S. fimbriata

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 209

Brenske to appear in quite a different place in the key to species given at the
beginning of this paper.

Péringuey also stated that he believed S. fimbriata (which of course he referred to
as S. vaalensis) to have a restricted distribution in the neighbourhood of the Vaal
River. This observation would seem to have been contradicted by further collecting.
It is unlikely that any confusion exists as to the identity of this species, at least as
far as the males are concerned for, as Péringuey recorded, the genitalia (Text-fig.
241), are very peculiar in shape.

S. russula Boh.

Schizonycha russula Boheman, 1857, p. 100.
Schizonycha russula Boh., Péringuey, 1904, p. 239.
Schizonycha howickiana Péringuey, 1908, p. 680 (syn. nov.).

Length 9-12 mm. Breadth 5-6-5 mm.

MALE

Colour variable from pale testaceous to dark castaneous. Head with labral
emargination almost rightangled ; anterior clypeal face reflexed, vertically convex,
with a wide median gap in its row of setiferous punctures ; anterior edge of clypeus
slightly emarginate medially ; clypeal carina arcuate ; frontoclypeal suture visible,
joining clypeal carina near lateral borders; vertex without a transverse carina,
moderately sharply angled ; clypeal punctures slightly elongate, closely set, often
separated by less than one transverse diameter, their internal borders only being
sharply formed; frontal punctures more or less circular, their anterior borders
more sharply formed than any others, separation by much less than one diameter ;
both clypeal and frontal punctures bearing minute, white setae. Pronotuwm with
anterior border slightly sinuate laterally, but with anterior angles directed forward ;
posterior angles obtuse; posterior margin with a raised hind border in front of
scutellum ; lateral borders with outstanding setae longer than basal anterior tarsal
segment ; surface without transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas; punctures of
disc more or less circular, annulate or containing an inverted U-shaped groove,
separated by much less than one diameter as a rule, usually more widely separated
toward lateral and hind borders; punctures bearing white, narrowly squamiform
setae almost as long as the diameter of a puncture; intervals finely and usually
rather faintly shagreened. Scutellum transverse (c. 1:2); annulate-punctate ;
punctures smaller than those of pronotum, often confined to lateral margins, bearing
minute setae about as long as the diameter of a puncture; intervals finely sha-
greened. L£lytra with punctures often separated by less than one diameter on disc,
usually by more than one diameter toward apices, each bearing a small, white,
slightly squamiform seta slightly shorter than the maximum diameter of a puncture ;
intervals almost or quite smooth ; lateral borders with long, outstanding setae from
bases to level of first or second abdominal segment, setae behind this point much
smaller, scarcely discernible near apices. Pygidium slightly transverse (c. 95 : 120) ;
shallowly convex ; often longitudinally wrinkled ; shallowly and sparsely annulate-

210 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

punctate, punctures usually separated by more than one diameter and bearing
minute, white setae often no longer than the diameter of the ring within the puncture ;
intervals finely shagreened. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae with fine,
yellowish-white setae in punctures ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened ; meta-
sternal disc with a more or less clearly defined impunctate area on each side of
middle. Abdominal segments almost impunctate across middle ; punctures toward
and along lateral margins separated by from one to about two diameters, annulate, .
often weakly asperose, bearing appressed setae varying in length by from one to .
about three puncture diameters; intervals variably sculptured, usually almost or
quite smooth across middle, finely and more or less clearly shagreened toward lateral
borders. Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate; basal hind tarsal segment three |
fourths as long as second; tarsal claws with upper ramus shorter and finer than ~
lower. |

Genitalia (Text-figs. 244 and 245). |
- FEMALE. Differs from the male in having the wings much reduced, being more
founded in outline and having negligible humeral calli on the elytra. Also the
lamellae of the antennal club are shorter, the basal hind tarsal segment is as
long as the one following, the tarsal claws have the upper ramus longer than the
lower and somewhat divergent from it and the pygidium is usually more transverse
(c. 9: 13).

Type locality: ‘‘ Prope fluvium Limpopo” (N.H.R.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Brakpan; Nigel; Johannesburg
(F. and B.M. (N.H.)); Pretoria (F. and B.M. (N.H.)); Bethal; Heidelburg ;
Vereeniging. Natal: Howick (Holotype of S. howickiana Pér. (S.A.M.)). Cape
Province : Port Elizabeth (S.A.M.).

Total material seen: 18 examples.

I have seen the two examples named S. vussula in the Boheman collection. They
are both of the same species, agree with the original description given by Boheman
and one of them, a male, has had its genitalia dissected out and mounted and is
obviously the basis of Péringuey’s interpretation of the species. The other example
is a female and bears the data “ Caffraria, J. Wahlb. Type, 2 Typus”’.

The holotype of S. howickiana Pér., kindly made available to me by the authorities
of the South African Museum, is a specimen of S. russula. Its aedeagus is slightly
lighter in construction than is usual in S. russula, but that is all.

S. natalensis Brske.

Schizonycha natalensis Brenske, 1898, p. 352.
Schizonycha natalensis Brske., Péringuey, 1904, p. 238.

Length 11-5-14 mm. Breadth 6-5-7:5 mm.

MALE

This species is closely related to the foregoing, differing as indicated in the key
to species and in the following respects. The colour is usually dark castaneous to

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 211

piceous. The males of S. natalensis sometimes have reduced, non-functional wings
as well as the females and the humeral calli of the elytra may, at the same time be
less well-marked. The labral emargination is acute. The pronotum (Text-fig. 34)
is usually less closely punctured than is the case with S. russula. The lateral
borders of the elytra usually have stiff, outstanding setae between the bases and the
level of the middle of the metasternum only. The pygidium is more transverse
(c. 10:15). The setae in the punctures on the posterolateral parts of the metaster-
num, on the episterna and on the hind coxae are short, often not more than twice
as long as the diameter of a puncture, and appressed.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 242 and 243).

FEMALE. Differs from the male in the same way as the female of S. russula differs
from the male of that species.

Type locality : Natal (no exact locality) (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: Natal: Durban; Malvern; Kloof; Port
Natal; Southbroom; Intentiveni; unlocalized (F. and B.M. (N.H.)).

Total material seen : 21 examples.

S. ovatula Brenske

Schizonycha ovatula Brenske, 1898, p. 360.

Atys ovatula Péringuey (nec Brenske), 1904, p. 255 (pars 9).
Schizonycha immixta Péringuey, 1904, p. 230.

Atys immizxta (Pér.), Andreae, 1933, p. 100.

Atys ovatula (Brske.), Andreae, 1933, pp. 105, 106.

Length 11-5-13°5 mm. Breadth 7-8 mm.

MALE

Colour usually pale testaceous with head and pronotum slightly darker. Head
with labral emargination almost rightangled ; anterior clypeal face feebly convex
vertically, median gap in its row of setiferous punctures broad; clypeal carina
arcuate ; frontoclypeal suture well-marked ; vertex not sharply angled, without a
transverse carina ; frons parallel-sided from vertex to frontoclypeal suture ; clypeal
punctures slightly elongate ; frontal punctures discrete, annulate. Pronotwm with
anterior border slightly sinuate laterally ; posterior margin with a raised hind border
in front of scutellum; lateral borders shallowly crenulate, briefly sinuate shortly
before obtuse posterior angles, set with setae shorter than basal anterior tarsal
segment ; surface without transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas ; discal punctures
annulate, separated by from one half to one and one half diameters, each bearing a
minute, inconspicuous seta; intervals smooth. Scutellum transverse (c. 3: 4);
punctate laterally, occasionally with a few median punctures present as well;
intervals usually very faintly shagreened. El ytra with punctures separated by
about their own diameter, bearing minute setae ; intervals usually almost smooth ;
lateral borders with outstanding, yellow setae near shoulders, setae much shorter
and less conspicuous along posterior half of each lateral border. Pygidium trans-
verse, somewhat more convex in lower than in upper half; very variably annulate-

212 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

punctate, punctures much more closely set in upper half, bearing minute setae ;
intervals frequently rugulose. Metasternum, episterna and hind coxae densely
clothed with long, yellow hairs ; punctures on anterior half of metasternum usually
separated by less than their own diameter, punctures a little less closely set pos-
teriorly ; intervals smooth. Abdominal segments sparsely punctured, separation
considerably greater than the diameter of a puncture, especially toward midline ;
punctures with anteromedian borders slightly tuberculate, bearing small, non-
squamiform setae; intervals smooth medially, faintly shagreened toward lateral
borders. Legs with anterior tibiae usually strongly tridentate; basal hind tarsal
segment about five eighths as long as second ; lower ramus of middle and hind tarsal
claws finer than upper and a little more than half as long; lower ramus of anterior
tarsal claws much broader and longer than upper.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 246 and 247).

FEMALE. Differs from the male in that it is a more rounded, wingless form with
little or no evidence of humeral calli on the elytra and with a greatly shortened
metasternum. The antennae have very short lamellae making up the club, the
tarsi are relatively shorter and all the claws have the upper ramus longer than the
lower. The setae of the metasternum, episterna and hind coxae are short and more
or less appressed.

Type locality: Port Elizabeth, Cape Province (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: Cape Prov.: Port Elizabeth; East London;
Kingwilliamstown ; Pirie Bush; Grahamstown; Salem; ‘Cap. b. Spei” (B.M.
(N.H.) and B.S.S.); “ Pr. b. Sp.” (Krebs) (Z.M.B.). Natal: Unlocalized.

Total material seen: 36 examples.

Péringuey records in addition Transkei, Cape Province, as a locality for S. immixta,
the type locality of which is Grahamstown.

Brenske knew only the female of this species. Péringuey, in revising Schizonycha
broadened the scope of Brenske’s species to include the female of S. corrosa Burm.
(p. 203) and described the male of S. ovatula as a new species, S. tmmixta. Both
these errors were noticed and corrected by Andreae in his revision of the genus
Atys Reiche.

S. fraudigera Pér.

Schizonycha fraudigera Péringuey, 1904, p. 231.
Schizonycha egens Péringuey, 1904, p. 235 (syn. nov.).

Length 10-5-11 mm. Breadth 5-5-5 mm.

MALE

Colour variable from pale testaceous to castaneous. Head with labral emargina-
tion approximately rightangled ; anterior clypeal face not or very slightly convex
vertically, a broad median gap present in its row of setiferous punctures ; anterior
edge of clypeus broadly truncate or slightly emarginate medially ; clypeal carina
arcuate medially, overlying frontoclypeal suture laterally ; vertex without a trans-
verse carina, not sharply angled; frons parallel-sided, slightly longer in midline

aii
ag (

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 213

than clypeus ; clypeal punctures elongate ; frontal punctures closely set, irregular
in outline. Pronotum with anterior border sinuate laterally ; anterior and posterior
angles obtuse ; hind margin with a raised posterior border in front of scutellum ;
lateral borders feebly crenulate, set with setae scarcely more than half as long as
basal anterior tarsal segment ; surface with transverse impunctate subbasal areas
indistinctly marked as a rule ; disc more or less evenly annulate-punctate, punctures
separated by less than their own diameter as a rule, each bearing a minute, narrowly
squamiform seta; intervals smooth except for microscopic punctures. Scutellum
slightly elongate; punctured laterally, each puncture bearing a seta similar to
those of pronotal punctures; intervals finely shagreened. Elytra together about
one and a half times as long as broad; punctures of disc and margins separated
by about their own diameter, each bearing a small seta similar to those of pronotum ;
intervals smooth ; outstanding setae along lateral borders confined to near shoulders.
Pygidium strongly transverse ; closely and deeply annulate-punctate ; punctures
variably separated, bearing setae similar to those of elytra ; intervals usually finely
shagreened, especially toward upper margin. Metasternum, episterna and hind
coxae with short, sparsely set, recumbent, slightly squamiform setae posteriorly and
laterally, longer, more or less outstanding bristles present in punctures on anterior
parts of metasternum ; intervals between punctures smooth or extremely faintly
shagreened. Abdominal segments more or less regularly scabroso-punctate, more
closely so toward lateral margins ; punctures bearing narrowly squamiform setae,
distinctly longer than those of elytra; a few long, non-squamiform setae present
also, the longest occurring on the penultimate segment ; intervals smooth except
along extreme lateral margins where the surface shows traces of shagreening in some
examples. Legs with anterior tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment
little more than half as long as second ; upper ramus of all tarsal claws shorter and
much finer than lower.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 248 and 2409).

FEMALE. Differs from the male in being wingless, more rounded in outline and
with a much reduced metasternum ; in having much shorter lamellae making up
the antennal club; in having shorter tarsi with the upper ramus of the claws as
broad as the lower and longer and the basal segment of the hind tarsi about as long
as the second segment. The elytra of the female are together about as long as
broad.

Type locality: Potchefstroom, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Lydenburg (S.A.M. Holotype of
S. egens) ; Piet Retief Dist. ; unlocalized (Fry coll.). Swaziland: Mbabane (B.S.S.).

Total material seen : 21 examples.

Having had the opportunity to compare the types of the two species described
by Péringuey, I have no doubt as to their synonymy.

S. pauperata Pér.
Schizonycha pauperata Péringuey, 1908, p. 701.
Length 13 mm. Breadth 7 mm,

214 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

MALE

Derm castaneous to dark, fusco-castaneous. Head with labral emargination
weakly acute ; anterior clypeal face vertically plane, with a moderate median gap
in its row of setiferous punctures; anterior edge of clypeus weakly emarginate
medially ; clypeal carina strongly arcuate; frontoclypeal suture clearly visible ;
vertex without a transverse carina, briefly rounded; clypeal punctures elongate,
their internal borders sharply formed and slightly raised ; frontal punctures asperose,
closely set ; frontal and clypeal punctures bearing short, white, suberect, pointed,
narrowly squamiform setae. Pvonotwm with anterior border only slightly sinuate
laterally ; anterior and posterior angles obtuse ; posterior margin with a weakly
raised hind border in front of scutellum; lateral borders with stiff, outstanding,
curved setae slightly shorter than basal anterior tarsal segment; surface without
transverse, subbasal, impunctate areas; disc and margins coarsely and closely
punctured ; punctures annulate, usually separated by their own diameter or a little
less, bearing short, white, suberect, pointedly squamiform setae similar to, or
slightly larger than those on head ; intervals smooth. Scutellum transverse (5 : 8) ;
annulate-punctate, punctures usually congregated along lateral margins, bearing
setae slightly smaller than those of pronotal disc; intervals finely shagreened.
Elytra with punctures separated by more or less their own diameter, bearing squami-
form setae similar to (sometimes slightly smaller than) those of pronotal disc ;
intervals almost smooth, sometimes with traces of shagreening around punctures ;
lateral borders with stiff, outstanding setae from bases almost to apices, setae near
shoulders about half as long as setae along lateral borders of pronotum, setae becom-
ing progressively shorter toward apical borders. Pygidium transverse; convex ;
rather sparsely annulate-punctate, punctures separated by from one to several
diameters on disc, more closely arranged toward basal angles, bearing small, erect,
white or yellowish-white setae finer than those of elytra ; intervals finely shagreened.
Mestasternum with fine, yellow, suberect setae in punctures on anterior half and
sometimes on mediobasal area as well; setae elsewhere on metasternum shorter,
narrowly squamiform, appressed ; metepisterna with long, yellow setae on anterior
third, with shorter, squamiform setae posteriorly; hind coxae with appressed,
narrowly squamiform setae in punctures except near junction with trochanters
where setae are non-squamiform. Abdominal segments more closely punctured
laterally than medially ; punctures on disc bearing a mixture of long and short,
non- or scarcely squamiform setae ; punctures along lateral margins bearing narrowly
squamiform setae similar to those on elytra ; intervals finely and faintly shagreened.
Legs with anterior tibiae tridentate ; basal hind tarsal segment about three fourths
as long as second ; tarsal claws with upper ramus longer than lower and slightly
divergent from it, lower ramus obliquely truncate apically.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 250 and 251).

FEMALE. A little more rounded in outline than male, but elytra with humeral
calli still clearly visible. Wings vestigial. Metasternum distinctly shorter than in
male. Antennae with lamellae about three fifths as long as those of male. Basal
hind tarsal segment about as long as second segment, The female shows a tendency

A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN 215

for the discs of the pronotum and elytra to be less closely and less regularly punc-
tured than they are in the male (cf. S. compacta, p. 150), but some examples may
be indistinguishable from males on these grounds alone.

Type locality : Potchefstroom, Transvaal (S.A.M.).

Other material examined from: Transvaal: Unlocalized (Fry coll.). Cape
Province: Aliwal North (F.).

The Aliwal North record rests upon a single female example assigned, with some
reservations to S. pauperata Pér.

Total material seen : II examples.

S. rurigena Brske.

Schizonycha rurigena Brenske, 1898, p. 366.
Schizonycha rurigena Brske., Péringuey, 1904, p. 221.

Length 11-12 mm. Breadth 6-5-7 mm.

MALE

This species is very closely related indeed to the foregoing, differing as explained
in the key to species and by the genitalia. A further point may be that this species
appears likely to be generally lighter in colour than S. pauperata.

Genitalia (Text-figs. 252 and 253).

FEMALE. Unknown.

Type locality : Natal (Z.M.B.).

Other material examined from: Natal: A single, unlocalized example from the
Zoologisches Museum, Berlin.

REFERENCES

ANDREAE, H. 1933. Die siidafrikanischen Arten der Gattung Atys Reiche (Col.). Ste#t. ent.
Zig. 94: 104-7.
Arrow, G. J. 1944. The Asiatic Beetles of the Melolonthine genus Schizonycha. Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (11) 9 : 194-200.
1944a. Systematic notes on Melolonthine Beetles belonging to Holotrichia and related
genera. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 9 : 631-648.
BLANCHARD, E. 1845. Histoire des Insectes. 1: 1-240. Paris.
1850. Cat. Coll. Ent. Mus. H.N., Paris, Coleopt. 1 : 1-398, Io pls.
BoHEMAN, C. 1857. Insecta Caffraria, 1838-1845, Stockholm, 2: 1-395, 1 pl.
BRENSKE, E. 1892. Beitrag zu Kenntniss der Gattungen Lepidiota und Leucopholis (Col.).
Berl. ent. Z. 37 : 33-62.
— 1895. Melolonthinie Rutelini. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 35 : 218-226.
—— 1896. Neue Coleopteren Arten. Berl. ent. Z. 41 : 339-364.
—— 1898. Melolonthiden aus Afrika. Stett. ent. Zig. 59 : 334-394.
Burceon, L. 1946. Melolonthini et Pachydemini du Congo belge. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr.
39 : 230-273.
BuRMEISTER, H. 1855. Handbuch der Entomologie. 4 (2): 1-557. Berlin.
CaSTELNAU, F. L. DE L. pE. 1840. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. 2 : 1-563, 38 pls. Paris.
CoguEREL, Cu, 1851. Coléoptéres Nouveaux de Madagascar, Rev, Zool. (2) 3 : 86-90.

216 A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF SCHIZONYCHA DEJEAN

DEJEAN, P. F. M. A. 1833-1835. Catalogue de la collection des Coléoptéres de M. le Comte
Dejean ed. 2, pp. 1-443. Paris.

1837. Catalogue de la collection des Coléoptéres de M. le Comte Dejean ed. 3, pp. 1-503.

Paris.

Fasricius, J.C. 1781. Species Insectorum, 1: 1-552. Hamburg and Kiel.

1787. Mantissa Insectorum, 1 : 1-348. Copenhagen.

—— 1792. Entomologica Systematica, 1: 1-548. Copenhagen.

1801. Systema Eleutheratorum, 1: 1-506. Kiel.

GERSTACKER, G. A. 1873. von der Decken’s Reise in Ost Africa in 1859-1861. Bd. 3 Abth.
2, pp. 1-542, 18 pls. col.

GRIDELLI, E. 1939. Miss. biol. Paese Borana, 2 : 470-521, figs. 23-38.

Hersst, J. F. W. 1786. In Fuessly. Archiv fiir Insectengeschichte, 7-8 : 153-196, pls. 54.

Zurich & Winterthur.

1790. Natursystem der Insekten, Kafer, 3: 1-325. Berlin.

Kiva, J.C. F. 1855. Monatsb. Akad. Berlin, pp. 643-660.

1862. Peter’s Reise nach Mossambique, Zool. 5 : 145-267, pls. 8-15. Berlin.

Kose, H. J. 1894. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Melolonthiden. Amn. Soc. ent. Belg. 38 : 548-
577-

LACORDAIRE, TH. 1856. Hist. nat. Ins. Col., 3: 1-582. Paris.

Moser, J. 1914. Neue Schizonychinen aus Afrika. Désch. ent. Z., pp. 235-278.

1917. Neue Afrikanische Melolonthiden. Désch. ent. Z., pp. 183-256.
1917a. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Melolonthiden VJ, Stett. ent. Zig. 78 : 54-97.

—— 1918. Neue Melolonthiden aus der Sammlung des Deutschen Entomologischen
Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem. Stett. ent. Zig. 79 : 209-247.

1920. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Melolonthiden XJ. Siteit. ent. Zig. 81 : 3-28.

1921. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Melolonthiden XII. Stett. ent. Zig. 82: 48-73.

Otivier, G. A. 1789. Entomologie ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Coléoptéres, 1, No. 5,
pp. 1-84, 10 pls.

PERINGUEY, L. 1892. Third contribution to the coleopterous fauna of South Africa. Trans.

S. Afr. phil. Soc. 6 : 1-94.
1904. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa (Lucanidae & Scara-
beidae). Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 13 : 1-293, pls. i-iv.
1908. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa (Lucanidae, Passalidae,
Scarabeidae). Additions and corrections. Tvans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 13 : 547-752, pl. xviii.
PEYERIMHOFF, P. DE. 1935. Coléoptéres nouveaux ou mal connus de Berbérie. 11—Le
genre Schizonycha Er. (Scarabeidae). Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 : 147-150, 1 fig.

QUEDENFELT, G. 1884. Verzeichniss der von Major a. D. von Mechow in Angola und am
Quango-Strom, 1878-1881, gesammelten Pectinicornen und Lamellicornen. Berl. ent. Z.
28 : 265-340, tab. 8, 9.

REICHE, L. 1847-1850. Voyage en Abyssinie, dans les Provinces du Tigré, du Samen et de
l’Amhara—par MM. Ferret et Galinier (1839-1843), 3: 1-356. Paris.

SCHONHERR, C. J. 1817. Synonymia Insectorum, Bd. 1 Th. 3: 1-506, pls. 5 and 6. Skara.

STRAND, E. 1942. Miscellanea nomenclatoria zoologica et palaeontologica X. Folia zool.

hybrobiol., 11 : 386-402. Riga.
WALLENGREN, H. D. J. 1881. Coleoptera Transvaaliensia. Ent. Tidskyr., 1: 9-22.

INDEX

Page numbes in heavy type indicate the principle reference to a species or genus ; numbers in italics refer
to the key to species.

abenaba sp. n., 76, 89, 155.
abrupta sp. n., 76, 93, 181, 182.
abscondita sp. n., 76, 93, 186, 187.
affinis Boh., 73, 76, 96, 137, 193, 206, 207.
affinis Pér. (nec Boh.), 103.
africana Cast., 155.

africana Klug (nec Cast.), 155, 208.
algoa Pér., 115.

algoensis Pér., 76, 84 115.

ambigua Pér., 76, 82, 101.
Amphimallon Cast., 66.

Apogonia Kirby, 72.

Atys de Montfort, 71.

Atys Reiche, 66, 67, 68, 69-72, 212.
Atysilla Strand, 71.

barda Burm., 76, 87, 134, 135, 137.
bogamoyana Brske., 156, 158.
bohemani n. n., 76, 83, 103.
boschimana Pér., 76, 93, 144, 189, 190.
Brahmina Blanch., 68.

caffra Pér., 120, 122.

capensis Burm., 76, 93, 187, 189

carbonaria Boh., 76, 94, 195, 196, 197.

ciliata Burm., 77, 88, 92, 128, 146, 148, 186.

ciliata Pér. (nec. Burm.), 185.

citima Pér., 77, 90, 94, 169, 170.

clypealis sp. n., 77, 87, 144.

comosa Burm., 74, 77, 149.

comosa Pér. (nec Burm.), 74, 148.

compacta sp. n., 77, 88, 150, 152, 215.

-confinis Pér., 71, 77, 84, 113.

consobrina Klug, 75, 77.

constrata Pér., 77, 91, 179.

consueta Pér. (nec Kolbe), 160, 161.

continens Pér., 77, 89, 158, 159, 197, 198.

corrosa Burm., 70, 74, 77, 95, 149, 203, 204,
205, 212.

crinita Brske., 72, 77, 85, 127.

curtula (Pér.) (Apogonia), 72.

cylindrica (Gyll.), 68.

damarina Pér., 77, 87, 145.
debilis Burm., 72, 74, 77, 85, 120.
debilis Pér. (nec. Burm.), 119.
deceptor sp. n., 77, 92, 182.

dilucida Brske., 77, 95, 201.
diluta Qued., 69, 70.

Diplotaxis Kirby, 66.
disputabilis Pér., 77, 83, 105.
dissensa Pér., 72, 77, 86, 95, 128.
dissimilis Pér., 77, 95, 197, 198.
divulsa Pér., 72, 77, 83, 106.
durbana Pér., 77, 82, 97.

effeta Pér., 77, 87, 136, 137.

egens Pér., 212.

elegans Pér., 77, 85, 124, 125, 126.
Entyposis Kolbe, 72.

Etischiza Brske., 68, 69.
Euryschiza Brske., 72.

exacerbams Pér., 201.

exasperans Pér., 190, IgI.

fallax (Pér.), 70, 77, 85, 117.

fartula Pér., 77, 79, 85, 93, 126, 127, 131,
132;

fatidica Pér., 77, 85, 124, 125.

feirana Pér., 77, 82, 99, 100.

filiola Moser, 74, 77, 95, 200.

fimbriata Brske., 77, 96, 155, 187, 207, 208.

fraudigera Pér., 77, 96, 212.

fraudulenta Pér., 187, 189.

frontalis Moser, 71, 77, 84, 111.

furva Pér., 137, 206.

geilenkeuseri Brske. 77, 93, 144, 190, I9gI.
Genyoschiza Moser, 71.

Geotrupes Latr., 68.

glabra Kolbe, 70.

globa sp. n., 77, 94, 183, 195.

globator (F.), 68, 87, 89, 141, 143, 197.
Glyptoglossa Brske., 67, 72.

gonaqua Pér., 74, 87, 139, 140.
gonaquoides sp. n., 77, 87, 140.

gracilis Brske., 77, 84, 92, 110.

henningii (Fischer) (Lachnota), 68.
heudelotii (Blanch.) (Etischiza), 71.
Homoeoschiza Kolbe, 72.
howickiana Pér., 209, 210,

218 INDEX

humilis (Pér.), 203, 204, 205.
hybrida Pér., 77, 86, 132.
hypocrita (Pér.), 70, 170, 171.

idonea Pér., 142, 143.

ignava Pér., 77, 83, 102.
immixta Pér., 211, 212.
imparilis Moser, 110.

incerta (Burm.) (Etischiza), 71.
increta Pér., 77, 84, 109.
indotata Pér., 85, 122.

inedita Pér., 77, 82, 90, 98.
infarsa Pér., 77, 85, 116. .
inops Pér., 72, 77, 84, 94, 108.
infans (Pér.), 77, 95, 200, 202, 203.
infantilis Pér., 77, 83, 101, 104,
inostralis sp. n., 78, 92, 180.
inscita (Pér.), 78, 94, 192, 207.
insuesa Pér., 78, 86, 134.
inverta (Pér.), 78, 92, 183.

jordani sp. n., 78, 87, 143.

kochi sp. n., 78, go, 163.

Lachnota Reitter, 68.

languens Pér., 78, 82, 83, 101, 207.

Lasiopsis Blanch. (nec. Er.), 68.

laticia n. n., 78, 88, 148, 149.

lebidis n. n., 78, 85, 119.

lilliputana Brske., 195.

litigiosa Pér., 189, 190.

livada n. n., 78, 90, 94, 168, 170.

livida Klug, 75, 76, 78, 89, 139, 153, 1 54,
156.

lurida (Burm.) (Glyptoglossa), 72.

manicana Pér., 78, 79, 91, 178, 179.
marginata sp. n., 78, 87, 138.
matabelana Pér., 78, 90, 95, 107, 163.
mediastina Pér., 78, 86, 133.

meracula Pér., 78, 94, 191.

microps Brske., 110.

mimocontinens sp. n., 78, 90, 159, 163.
minima Pér., 78, 95, 185, 205.

minor sp. n., 78, 92, 184, 185.

natalensis Brske., 78, 96, 195, 210, 211.
natalica Moser, 206.
neglecta Boh., 78, 89, 160, 161, 166,

neglecta Pér. (nec Boh.), 164, 166.
neutva Pér., 120, 122.

nigricornis Burm., 78, 84, 114.
noscitata Pér., 78, 85, 125.

oblonga Boh., 73, 78. |
oblonga Pér. (nec Boh.), 73.

ova Coquerel, 67.

ovampoana Pér., 78, go, 166.
ovatula Brske., 74, 78, 96, 211, 212.

parilis Pér., 78, 83, 105.

pauperata Pér., 78, 96, 213, 215. |
paupercula Pér., 110. |
perforata Burm., 78, 92, 148, 185, 186.

peringueyi Dalla Torre, 78, 84, 114

perplexabilis Pér., 78, 95, 96, 199.

piceonigra sp. n., 78, 88, 151, 152.

plausibilis Pér., 160.

profuga Pér., 78, 79, 90, 92, 125, 167.
pseudosquamifera sp. n., 78, 88, 152.

puerilis Pér., 78, 83, 86, 101, 134.

puncticollis Boh., 78, 90, 161, 164, 165, 166.

quaesita Pér., 78, 88, 149.

Rhizotrogus Latr., 74.

rhodesiana Moser, 78, 91, 177, 178.
rotunda sp. n., 78, 87, 88, 140.
ruficollis (F.), 68.

rufina Boh., 78, 91, 175, 176.
rugosa Brske., 78, 85, 122, 124, 125.
rurigena Brske., 78, 96, 215.

russula Boh., 78, 96, 209, 210, 211.

saga Pér., 78, 95, 185, 198.
saginata Pér., 79, 82, 96. .
salaama Brske., 75, 79, 89, 155, 156, 208.
salisburiana Pér., 79, 90, 170, 171.
samenensis (Reiche), 69, 70.

scabiosa Pér., 79, 89, 92, 93, 161.

simplex (Pér.) (Entyposis), 72.

Spathoschiza Arrow, 72.

spectabilis Pér., 79, gz, 171.

spuria Pér., 79, 88, 152.

squamifera Wallengren, 79, 94, 153, 195, 197.
squamosetosa Moser, 79, 83, 107, 108.
straminea (Pér.), 79, 9Z, 176, 184.
Syngeneschiza Brske., 72.

INDEX 219

transvaalica Pér., 79, 82, 100, 137. valida Boh., 79, 91, 169, 172, 174.
Trichoschiza Moser, 72, 128. valida Pér. (nec. Boh.), 168, 176.
tumida auctt. (nec. Cast.), 74, 126, 127. valvata Brske., 79, 85, 123, 124.
tumida (Cast.), 74, 79. vicaria Pér. (mec Kolbe), 114.
villosa Brske., 79, 85, 118.
unicolor (Herbst), 76, 79, 86, 129, 132. vryburgensis sp. n., 79, 91, 174, 175.
urundiensis Burgeon, 70.
usambarae Brske., 79, 89, 156, 158, 175. windhoekensis sp. n., 79, 87, 137, 131, 139.

vaalensis Pér., 155, 207, 209. zambeziana Pér. 153, 154.

PLATE 1

Fic. 1. Schizonycha deceptor sp. n. ¢.
Fic. 2. Schizonycha piceonigva sp. n. 3.
Fic. 3. Schizonycha jordani sp. n. g.
Fic. 4. Schizonycha globa sp. n. 3.

PUA LEC

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 2

PLATE 2

Fic. 5. Schizonycha usambavae Brske. g. E. Elytral epipleuron. H. Hypomeron. HC.
Hind coxae. L. Labrum. M. Metasternum. Me. Metepisternum. Mp. Metepimeron. Msp.
Mesepimeron. Mst. Mesosternum. MS. Setae arising from base of mentum. Ppy. Propygidium.
Pr. Pronotum. Ps. Prosternum. Py. Pygidium. V. Vertex of head. 1-5. Visible abdominal
segments.

Fic. 6. Schizonycha abenaba sp.n.@. Underside of head and prothorax. C. Clypeus with
median gap in row of setiferous punctures. M. Mentum with two basal setiferous pores.
P. Impressed median setiferous area of prosternum.

Fic. 7. Schizonycha rotunda sp. n. 9. Detail of pronotal punctures.

Fic. 8. Schizonycha globator (F.) g. Detail of pronotal punctures.

Fic. 9. Schizonycha profuga Péringuey g. Pronotum to show raised hind border.

Fic. 10. Schizonycha abrupta sp.n. g. Tarsal claw.

Fic. 11. Schizonycha livadan.n. g. Tarsal claw.

Fic. 12. Schizonycha fimbriata Brenske g. Tarsal claw.

Fic. 13. Schizonycha barda Burmeister 9. Tarsal claw.

Fic. 14. Schizonycha mediastina Péringuey g. Tarsal claw.

Fic. 15. Schizonycha elegans Péringuey g. Tarsal claw.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 2. PLATE 2.

ENTOM. Q, 2. 16

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic. 27.

16.
r7.
18.
IQ.
20.
21;
22.
3.9
24.
25.
26.

PLATE 3

Schizonycha inedita Péringuey. Labral emargination.
Schizonycha languens Péringuey. Labral emargination.
Schizonycha abrupta sp.n. Labral emargination.
Schizonycha puerilis Péringuey. Labral emargination.
Schizonycha barda Burmeister. Head.

Schizonycha perforata Burmeister. Head.

Schizonycha gonaqua Péringuey. Head.

Schizonycha languens Péringuey. Head.

Schizonycha ovampoana Péringuey. Head.

Schizonycha getlenkeuseri Brenske. Head from in front.
Schizonycha fartula Péringuey. Pygidium.

Schizonycha unicoloy (Herbst). Diagrammatic section through elytral margin to

show angled epipleuron.

Fic. 28. Schizonycha dissensa Péringuey. Diagrammatic section through elytral margin to
show parallel epipleuron.

Fic. 29. Schizonycha ciliata Burmeister. Plan of elytral apices to show minute spines.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 2. PLATE 3

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

PLATE 4

Schizonycha elegans Péringuey. Pronotum.
Schizonycha abscondita sp.n. Pronotum.
Schizonycha increta Péringuey. Pronotum.
Schizonycha corrosa Burmeister. Pronotum.
Schizonycha natalensis Brenske. Pronotum, lateral.
Schizonycha puerilis Péringuey. Pronotum, lateral.
Schizonycha bohemanin.n. Pronotum, lateral.
Schizonycha inscita (Péringuey). Pronotum.
Schizonycha profuga Péringuey. Pronotum, lateral.
Schizonycha scabiosa Péringuey. Pronotum.
Schizonycha continens Péringuey. Pronotum.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 2.

TET ahhh as
Ares Ia

f ' ft v, ‘ ’
” 1 ' wr ‘
mat ge Pyyy
TA Wty ae 32 Hi Matas Ny
SRT TEAS LO eer e HL Usa!
rete telus Dal 6 eet Mr
Sree Chaat t ' pigta gers
bt as U Geotoreioretesas! “
ght Alea ' ppb enys ’

Yh ia ry >
Cae %? WS

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

PLATE 5

Schizonycha nigricornis Burmeister. Right anterior tibia.
Schizonycha elegans Péringuey. Right anterior tibia.
Schizonycha compacta sp.n. Lateral view of right elytron.
Schizonycha mimocontinens sp.n. Lateral view of right elytron.
Schizonycha barda Burmeister. Lower face of left hind femur.
Schizonycha scabiosa Péringuey. Lower face of left hind femur.
Schizonycha Manicana Péringuey. Lower face of left hind femur.
Schizonycha inverta (Péringuey) g. Apex of hind tibia.
Schizonycha inops Péringuey g. Apex of hind tibia.

Schizonycha villosa Brenske g. Shorter apical spur of hind tibia.
Schizonycha languens Péringuey 9. Pygidium in profile.

Bull. B.M., (N.H.) Entom. 9, 2. PLATE ’s:

47 5

Fic.
Fia.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fia.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

PLATE 6

Schizonycha durbana Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha durbana Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha inedita Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha inedita Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha feivana Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha feivana Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha tvansvaalica Péringuey. Paramere, lateral (after Péringuey).
Schizonycha transvaalica Péringuey. Parameres (after Péringuey).
Schizonycha ambigua Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha ambigua Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha ignava Péringuey. Parameres (after Péringuey).
Schizonycha languens Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha languens Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha bohemanin.n. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha bohemani n.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha puerilis Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha puerilis Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha infantilis Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha infantilis Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha disputabilis Péringuey. Parameres (after Péringuey).

PLATE G,

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
FIG.
Fic.
Fic.

PLATE 7

Schizonycha parilis Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha parilis Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha divulsa Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha divulsa Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha squamosetosa Moser. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha squamosetosa Moser. Parameres.

Schizonycha inops Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha inops Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha increta Péringuey. Parameres (after Péringuey).
Schizonycha sp. ? increta Pér. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha sp. ? increta Pér. Parameres.

Schizonycha gracilis Brenske. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha gracilis Brenske. Parameres.

Schizonycha frontalis Moser. Paramere, lateral.

Schizonycha frontalis Moser.P arameres.

Schizonycha peringueyi Dalla Torre. Parameres (after Péringuey).
Schizonycha nigricornis Burmeister. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha nigricornis Burmeister. Parameres.

Schizonycha confinis Péringuey. Parameres (after Péringuey).
Schizonycha algoensis Péringuey. Parameres (after Péringuey).

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fia.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
FIG.
Fic.

92.
93.
94.
95-
96.
97-
98.
99.

Ioo.
IOI.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108,
Io9g.
110.
TI.
LE2.
113.
II4.
115.
116.
117.

PLATE 8

Schizonycha villosa Brenske. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha villosa Brenske. Parameres.

Schizonycha lebidisn.n, Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha lebidis n.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha debilis Burmeister. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha debilis Burmeister. Parameres.
Schizonycha rugosa Brenske. Parameres.

Schizonycha elegans Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha fatidica Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha fatidica Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha noscitata Péringuey. Parameres (after Péringuey).
Schizonycha fallax (Péringuey). Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha fallax (Péringuey). Parameres.
Schizonycha fartula Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha fartula Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha dissensa Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha dissensa Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha unicolor (Herbst). Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha unicolor (Herbst). Parameres.
Schizonycha hybrida (Péringuey). Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha hybrida (Péringuey). Parameres.
Schizonycha mediastina Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha mediastina Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha insuesa Péringuey. Parameres (after Péringuey).
Schizonycha bavda Burmeister. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha bavda Burmeister. Parameres.

PLATE 8.

Fic.
* “Big.
Fic.
Fia.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

118.
119.
120.
121;
122.
123.
124.
I25.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
I3I.
132.
433.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.

PLATE 9

Schizonycha effeta Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha effeta Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha marginata sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha marginata sp.n. Parameres.
Schizonycha windhoekensis sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha windhoehensis sp.n. Parameres.
Schizonycha gonaquoides sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha gonaquoides sp.n. Parameres.
Schizonycha gonaqua Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha gonaqua Péeringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha globatoy (Fabricius). Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha globatoy (Fabricius). Parameres.
Schizonycha jordani sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha jovdanit sp.n. Parameres.
Schizonycha clypealis sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha clypealis sp.n. Parameres.
Schizonycha compacta sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha compacta sp.n. Parameres.
Schizonycha latician.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha latician.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha ciliata Burmeister. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha ciliata Burmeister. Parameres.
Schizonycha quaesita Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha quaesita Péringuey. Parameres.

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
_ Fic’

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
I5I.
152.
153-
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.

PLATE to

Schizonycha piceonigra sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha piceonigva sp.n. Parameres.
Schizonycha spuria Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha spuria Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha abenaba sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha abenaba sp.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha matabelana Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha matabelana, Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha livida Klug. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha livida Klug. Parameres.

Schizonycha kochi sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha kochi sp.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha usambarae Brenske. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha usambarae Brenske. Parameres.
Schizonycha pseudosquamifera sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha pseudosquamifera sp. n. Parameres.
Schizonycha mimocontinens sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha mimocontinens sp.n. Parameres.
Schizonycha neglecta Boheman. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha neglecta Boheman. Parameres.
Schizonycha scabiosa Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha scabiosa Péringuey. Parameres.

PLATE ro,

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
Tet;
592;
573.
174.
175.
176.
277;
178.
179.
180.
181.

PLATE 11

Schizonycha continens Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha continens Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha livadan.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha livadan.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha ovampoana Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha ovampoana Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha citima Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha citima Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha puncticollis Boheman. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha puncticollis Boheman. Parameres.
Schizonycha salisburiana Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha salisburiana Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha profuga Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha profuga Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha valida Boheman. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha valida Boheman. Parameres.

Schizonycha spectabilis Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha spectabilis Péringuey. Parameres.

PLATE 11.

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
Igo.
IQI.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.

PLATE 12

Schizonycha vryburgensis sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha vryburgensis sp.n. Parameres.
Schizonycha rufina Boheman. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha rufina Boheman. Parameres.
Schizonycha straminea (Péringuey). Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha straminea (Péringuey). Parameres.
Schizonycha rhodesiana Moser. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha rhodesiana Moser. Parameres.
Schizonycha constrata Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha constrata Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha manicana Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha manicana Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha inostralis sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha inostralis sp.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha deceptoy sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha deceptor sp.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha inverta (Péringuey). Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha tnverta (Péringuey). Parameres.
Schizonycha minor sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha minor sp.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha abscondita sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha abscondita sp.n. Parameres.
Schizonycha perforata Burmeister. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha perforata Burmeister. Parameres.

PLATE 12,

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fia.
Fie.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fig.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
2it.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
2x7.
218.
250.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.

PLALE 23

Schizonycha abrupta sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha abrupta sp.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha capensis Burmeister. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha capensis Burmeister. Parameres.
Schizonycha boschimana Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha boschimana Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha geilenkeuseri Brenske. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha geilenkeuseri Brenske. Parameres.
Schizonycha meracula Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha mervacula Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha inscita (Péringuey). Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha inscita (Péringuey). Parameres.
Schizonycha globa sp.n. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha globa sp.n. Parameres.

Schizonycha squamifera Wallengren. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha squamifera Wallengren. Parameres.
Schizonycha carbonaria Boheman. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha carbonavia Boheman. Parameres.
Schizonycha dissimilis Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha dissimilis Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha saga Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha saga Péringuey. Parameres.

Schizonycha perplexabilis Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha perplexabilis Péringuey. Parameres.

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253-

PLATE 14

Schizonycha filiola Moser. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha filiola Moser. Parameres.

Schizonycha dilucida Brenske. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha dilucida Brenske. Parameres.
Schizonycha infans (Péringuey). Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha infans (Péringuey). Parameres.
Schizonycha corrosa Burmeister. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha corrosa Burmeister. Parameres.
Schizonycha minima Péringuey. Parameres (after Péringuey).
Schizonycha affinis Boheman. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha affinis Boheman. Parameres.
Schizonycha fimbriata Brenske. Parameres.
Schizonycha natalensis Brenske. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha natalensis Brenske. Parameres.
Schizonycha russula Boheman. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha russula Boheman. Parameres.
Schizonycha ovatula Brenske. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha ovatula Brenske. Parameres.
Schizonycha fraudigera Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha fraudigera Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha pauperata Péringuey. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha pauperata Péringuey. Parameres.
Schizonycha rurigena Brenske. Paramere, lateral.
Schizonycha rurigena Brenske. Parameres.

ie
3

3 1 MAY 1960
¢ al
‘J

“Meee,
Ce tgs eee 2

J
~
ie

, #3 >a!
i a ef 4 ”
7 e Pe ear
Pe ) ae
'
ot get ae lfm
4 4

Ba

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN
TRIPOLITAINE ET EN

CYRENAIQUE
PAR M. KENNETH M. GUICHARD

JACQUES DE BEAUMONT

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol 9 No. 3
LONDON : 1960

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES
EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE
PAR M. KENNETH M. GUICHARD

PAR

JACQUES DE BEAUMONT

ku |
Musée zoologique de Lausanne / i"

Pp. 219-251 ; 16 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 3
LONDON : 1960

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is
issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical series.

Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 9, No. 3 of the Entomological
series.

© Trustees of the British Museum, 1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued June 1960 Price Twelve shillings

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES
EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE
PAR M. KENNETH M. GUICHARD

Par JACQUES DE BEAUMONT

J’APPORTE ici la troisiéme contribution a l’étude des Sphecidae nord-africains
basée sur du matériel récolté par M. Kenneth M. Guichard. Ce dernier est en effet
retourné en Libye en 1957 et 1958 pour ses recherches acridologiques et il en a
profité pour rassembler une nouvelle série d’Hyménopteéres. Je suis heureux de le
féliciter ici de cette féconde activité et de le remercier de sa précieuse collaboration.

Le matériel se compose de 562 spécimens, parmi lesquels j’ai reconnu 104 espéces,
auxquelles il faudrait ajouter quelques individus que je n’ai pas pu déterminer.
Je décris 3 espéces et 2 sous-espéces nouvelles; sans compter ces derniéres, 20
espéces au moins n’avaient pas été signalées jusqu’a présent en Libye. Les récoltes
de M. Guichard permettent par ailleurs de compléter dans une large mesure nos
connaissances sur la répartition géographique et sur la variation de bien des formes.

Je donne ci-dessous la liste des localités de capture ; certaines d’entre elles ne
figurent pas sur les cartes habituelles de la région ; des indications complémentaires
sont alors données [ ]; dans certains cas, les noms qui figurent sur les étiquettes
sont différents de ceux de cette liste ; ils sont alors donnés ( ).

TRIPOLITAINE
Zuara, 7-21.V.58.

Sabratha, 3.1x.57, 8.iv.58.

Tripoli town, 23.viii.57.

Tigt, 4.Vi.57.

Giosc, 7.V.58.

Ain el Auenia [15 km. W. of Jefren], 25.v.58.
Garian hills, 5-16.11.58.

Schiaschiava [near Tarhuna], 13.vi. 48.

Gasr Garabulli [40 km. W. of Homs], 4.1x.57.
Homs, 13.vii.57.

Leptis Magna, 9-14. vii.57.

2 km. E. of Wadi Caam, 3.vii.57.

Tauorga (Tanovga), 20. vili.57.

. Buerat, 5-16.11.58.

. 72 km. W. of Nofilia, 24.vii.57.

. Ben Giauad [a few miles from Nofilia] (Nofilia), 24.vii.57.

ENTOM. 9, 3 19

He HS +H BH AH AH He
ARHONS ASO SI AAAWDH

222 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

CYRENAIQUE

17. 20 km. E. of El Aghetla, 24.vii.57.

18. Bréga (parfois: 40 km. E. of El Agheila), 4-31.ii1.58, 20. vii.57.
19. Agedabia, 4-31.viii.58.

20. 10 km. S. of Ghemines, 6.iv.58.

21. Benghazi, 4-10.iv.58.

22. Rommel’s Pool [10 km. NE. of Benghazi], 17.viii.57.
23. Bersis, 26.vii.57.

24. Tolmeita-Tocra track, 17.iii1.58.

25. Tolmeita, 4-31. viii.58

26. Benina plain, 27.11.58.

27. Regima, 25.vii.57.

28. El altar, 11.iv.58.

29. Barce, 27.Vvil.57.

30. Wadi Kuf [30 km. W. of Cyrene], 4-10. iv.58.

31. Gasr el Lebta [10 km. SW. of Wadi Kuf] (Gasr, Mosiacs), 30. vii.57.
32. Gasr Shahaden [near Wadi Kuf] (Gasr Sh.), 29. vii.57.
33. Cyrene, 31.Vil.57.

34. Apollonia, I.vili.57.

35. Ras el Hilal (Wadi Glaa), 12-13. vili.57.

36. Latrun [12 km. E. of Ras el Hilal], 2. viii.57.

37. Wadi Derna, 3-4. vili.57.

38. Baltet er Ramla, 10.viii.57.

39. Tmimi, 9.vili.57.

40. Ain el Gazala, 9.viii.57.

41. El Adem, 8.viii.57.

42. Tobruck shore, 5.viii.57.

43. Wadi el Mra [50 km. W. of Tobruck], 6. viii.57.

44. Capuzzo, 7.viii.57.

Un des problémes de la zoogéographie nord-africaine consiste 4 tracer la limite
entre les régions méditerranéenne et saharienne. Dans le précédent travail consacré
aux récoltes de M. Guichard, j’avais indiqué qu’il est trés difficile, en se basant
seulement sur l’étude des Sphecidae, d’établir cette limite en Libye. Les nouvelles
récoltes de M. Guichard permettent de compléter un peu les données précédentes,
mais un matériel plus important, récolté en toute saison, serait nécessaire pour
étre plus affirmatif. Je pense d’ailleurs reprendre ce probléme en tenant compte
de toutes les espéces qui ont été jusqu’a présent signalées en Libye, mais cela néces-
site la vérification de bien des déterminations. Voici quelques bréves indications.

Par sa végétation et sa faune générale, la Cyrénaique septentrionale (région cétiére
et Djebel Akhdar, stations 21-37) est généralement considérée comme méditerra-
néenne. L’étude de la faune des Sphecidae confirme ce point de vue. Les 60 espéces
récoltées par M. Guichard et citées dans ce travail ou dans le précédent, sont pour
la plupart méditerranéennes dans leur répartition générale ; 37 d’entre elles, soit

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 223

le 62%, par exemple, se retrouvent dans une région ou l’autre de l’Europe méridionale;
il n’y a qu’une dizaine d’espéces que l’on peut considérer comme plus ou moins
sahariennes ; le reste de l’effectif est formé d’espéces nord-africaines de répartition
méditerranéenne ou d’espéces endémiques 4 affinités méditerranéennes.

Les récoltes faites en Marmarique, soit dans la région cétiére a l’est du Djebel
Akhdar (stations 39-44), auxquelles on peut joindre celles de Baltet er Ramla
(st. 38) sont insuffisantes ; l’on peut cependant noter que, sur 36 espéces, 17 (47%)
se retrouvent en Europe ; la proportion d’éléments sahariens (10 espéces environ)
est plus forte.

La région de la Syrte (stations 13-20) parait plus nettement saharienne ; sur 24
espéces récoltés, 6 seulement (25%) habitent aussi l’Europe et une dizaine sont
de type saharien.

La Tripolitaine septentrionale (région cétiére et Djebel Nefoussa) a livré 100
espéces. Si l’on prend la région dans son ensemble, on trouve 40 espéces dont I’aire
de répartition atteint 1’Europe méridionale et une quarantaine d’espéces qui sont
de type saharien, mais dont certaines, dans d’autres contrées, pénétrent plus ou
moins dans la région méditerranéenne. La faune des Sphecidae est donc d’un type

CYRENAIQUE

TRIPOLITAINE

Fic. 1. Carte des stations de récolte. Les zones pointillées représentent les Djebels.

beaucoup plus saharien en Tripolitaine qu’en Cyrénaique, mais il m’est difficile
de dire s’il faut considérer cette zone comme faisant partie de la région saharienne
proprement dite ; il serait d’ailleurs nécessaire de reprendre ce probléme de facon
plus détaillée, en traitant séparéement la faune du Djebel et celle des différentes
zones de la céte; on remarquerait par exemple qui certaines des espéces les plus
strictement sahariennes ont été récoltées dans les stations I, 4, 5 et I2; comme
je l’ai dit ci-dessus, j’espére pouvoir revenir sur cette question.

Les figures qui illustrent ce travail ont été exécutées par Mademoiselle D. Petit-
pierre, que je remercie de sa collaboration.

Genre AMMOPHILA Kirby

Ammophila (Podalonia ) tydei Le Guillou
Zuara, 1 g; Tripoli,r g¢; Gasr Garabulli, 1 9; Bréga, iii, 1 g, 3 9; Wadi Derna,

Erg). 2.9.
Les individus récoltés en viii et ix sont semblables 4 ceux que l’on rencontre

224 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

généralement en Afrique du nord, ayant une pilosité argentée couchée bien développée
sur les mésopleures, le bas de la face et le clypéus et montrant sur le mésonotum
une ponctuation espacée. Les spécimens de iii et v 1958, provenant soit de Cyrénaique
soit de Tripolitaine différent ($9) par l’absence complete de pilosité argentée couchée
sur les mésopleures, son plus faible développement sur la téte, la ponctuation plus
dense de la partie antérieure du mésonotum ; la ponctuation du clypéus de la 2
est un peu plus forte, J’ai tout d’abord supposé qu’il s’agissait |d’une espéce distincte
et je n’ai d’ailleurs pas complétement abandonné cette hypothése ; mais, pour s’en
assurer, il serait nécessaire d’étudier plus complétement la variation géographique
de tydei et s’assurer aussi qu’il ne s’agit pas d’un dimorphisme saisonnier. L’armature
génitale du ¢ m’a paru identique a celle des ¢ydei typiques.

Ammophila (Podalonia) massinissa Morice

Bréga, ili, 2 9; Agedabia, 1 ¢.

Cette forme est généralement considérée comme “ variété ’’ d’atrocyanea Eversmann
mais, comme on va le voir, elle en est trés probablement spécifiquement distincte.
Disons tout d’abord qu’atrocyanea et massinissa font partie du groupe d’affinis
Kirby, caractérisé par l’aire dorsale du propodéum glabre et finement striée et par
la présence presque constante d’une pointe plus ou moins développée aux hanches
antérieures ; elles se distinguent d’affinis et d’ebenina Spinola par la présence de
reflets bleus plus ou moins développés sur les parties noires de l’abdomen, la présence
d’une impression longitudinale au milieu du bord postérieur du collare, la sculpture
du mésonotum différente, l’absence totale de dent aux griffes, la présence d’une
épine a l’extrémité des valves du pénis (Text-figs. 2-4).

Roth (1928) et Alfieri (1946) indiquent que la var. massimissa, que l’on trouve
en Afrique du nord a cété de la forme typique, se distingue de celle-ci par la taille
plus faible et la sculpture du thorax. Roth décrit le ¢ de la f. atrocyanea s.s. qui,
contrairement a sa 9, a l’abdomen en partie rouge. La trés grande différence de
taille et le fait que les deux formes se trouvent parfois dans les mémes localités
sans qu'il y ait, semble-t-il, d’intermédiaires, sont déja une présomption en faveur
de leur distinction spécifique. J’ai examiné I g¢ et 2 2 d’atrocyanea provenant de
Médénine, cités par Roth, et que Mademoiselle Kelner-Pillault a eu l’obligeance de
me soumettre (Mus. Paris), aux individus de massinissa cités ci-dessus, ainsi qu’a
2 % capturées en Tripolitaine en 1952 par M. Guichard et j’ai constaté les differences
suivantes.

La taille de a. g est de 17 mm., de m. g de 11 mm., de a. 2 de 19 mm. (Roth
donne 19-23 mm.), de m. 2 de 13-15 mm. (Roth donne 13-14 mm.) ; le ¢ a. a les
4 premiers segments abdominaux (pétiole non compris) rouges, les 3 derniers noirs
avec des reflets métalliques ; le g m. n’a que 3 segments rouges, les derniers noirs
sans reflets ; la pilosité argentée couchée du bas de la face et du clypéus est beaucoup
plus développée chez a. que chez m. ot, sous certains angles, elle ne cache pas comple-
tement les téguments (l’individu est frais) ; chez a. g, avant dernier article des
palpes labiaux est plus d’1,5 fois plus long que le dernier, chez m. moins d’I,5 fois ;
chez a. 3, le bord antérieur du clypéus est assez nettement échancré en arc, avec

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 225

des angles latéraux nets; chez m., les angles latéraux sont arrondis et le bord
antérieur n’est un peu échancré que dans sa partie médiane; chez a. 2 le clypéus
est plus fortement ponctué ; son bord antérieur est saillant en arc surbaissé entre
les angles latéraux, avec une bordure imponctuée assez large, pas nettement limitée
a la base; chez m. 9, le clypéus est beaucoup plus finement ponctué; entre les
angles latéraux, le bord antérieur est droit ou sinueux, muni d’une bordure imponc-
tuée étroite, mais nettement limitée a la base ; chez les deux sexes, la téte est plus
brillante chez a., avec une ponctuation beaucoup plus forte et moins espacée ;
chez a. 9, le triangle ocellaire est limité en arriére par un sillon trés net, qui manque
chez le g et chez m. Chez a. 9, le collare est plus brillant, le mésonotum est trés
brillant, avec une ponctuation nette, pas entremélée de stries, pas trés dense en
avant, trés espacée en arriére; chez m. 2, la partie antérieure du mésonotum est
mate, avec une ponctuation entremélée de stries transversales; chez m. ¢, la

et

Fics. 2-4. Ammophila, valve du pénis. (2) A. micipsa Morice. (3) A. atrocyanea Eversmann,
(4) A. massinissa Morice.

ponctuation de la partie antérieure du mésonotum est beaucoup moins nette que
chez a. g, oti elle ressemble 4 la 2; chez a. le scutellum est plus fortement ensellé
et beaucoup plus nettement strié longitudinalement ; les cdétés du thorax sont
trés irréguliérement réticulés chez a., tandis qu’ils sont distinctement striés obli-
quement chez m.; la striation de la face dorsale du propodéum est plus fine chez
a. que chez m. La pointe de la face inférieure des hanches est plus développée chez
a. 2 que chez m. 2; chez a. 3, elle est A peine indiquée ; elle manque chez m. ¢.
L’extrémité des valves du pénis est différente chez les deux espéces (Text-figs. 3
et 4); elle est plus abruptement tronquée chez a., avec une épine beaucoup plus
développée.

Il est possible que certaines des différences signalées soient dies a la croissance
dysharmonique, mais les deux formes sont cependant assez caractérisées pour qu’on
leur concéde le rang spécifique. I] serait encore nécessaire de vérifier si les individus
nord-africains que nous nommons atrocyanea sont bien conformes au type d’Evers-
mann, décrit d’Orenburg. Rappelons encore que Kohl a décrit une Ammophila
psilocera, admettant par la suite qu’elle était le g d’atrocyanea ; ce spécimen avait
les pattes en partie rouges,

226 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

Ammophila (Podalonia) minax Kohl
Bréga, ili, 2 9.

Ammophila (Eremochares ) dives melanopus Lucas
Leptis Magna, 2 2; Rommel‘s Pool, 1 2; Bersis, 5 2; Wadi Derna,1 ¢; Tmimi,
I 9.

Ammophila (s.s.) haimatosoma Kohl

Leptis Magna, 2 ¢; Tauorga, 1 g,1I 9.

Cette espéce montre une certaine variation dans le développement de la couleur
rouge et de la vestiture argentée. Les individus ¢ de Tripolitaine présentent une
pubescence argentée couchée dense, plus développée que chez les ¢ de Biskra,
par exemple.

Ammophila (s.s.) gracillima Taschenberg
Ben Giauad, I g, 1 9.

Ammophila (s.s.) guichardi de Beaumont
Zuara, 22; Baltet er Ramla, 3 9.

Ammophila (s.s.) hemilauta Kohl
Zuara, I $6; Buerat,1 g¢; 72 km. W. of Nofilia, 1 g; Bréga, iii, 5 g,2 9; Rom-
mel’s Pool, r ¢, 1 9; Tmimi, 1 2; Tobruck shore, r ¢, 1 9.

Ammophila (s.s.) djaouak de Beaumont
Rommel’s Pool, r ¢; Tmimi, 3 ¢.

Ammophila (s.s.) quadraticollis Costa
Rommel’s Pool, r g; Regima, r 9.

Ammophila (s.s.) heydeni Dahlbom

Rommel’s Pool, 1 9; Gasr el Lebia, 2 ¢; Barce, 2 9; Wadi Derna, 1 4,1 9.

Ces spécimens, de méme que les autres individus de Cyrénaique que j’ai examinés,
ont une coloration assez particuliére de l’abdomen : le pétiole, le postpétiole et les
segments 2 et 3 sont rouges, les segments suivants entiérement noirs ; le postpétiole
est taché de noir a la base; le 3e tergite est parfois noir a l’extrémité. Pattes de
coloration normale ; pilosité argentée relativement peu développée.

Ammophila (s.s.) erminea Kohl
Capuzzo, I ¢.

Ammophila (s.s.) apicalis electa Kohl
Bréga, iii, 4 9; Agedabia, 1 g.

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 227
Genre SPHEX Linné

Sphex (Palmodes) occitanicus Lepeletier et Serville

E] Abiar, 5 3.
Ces individus ont l’abdomen noir et les ailes fortement enfumées ; ils appartiennent
probablement a la forme décrite par Gribodo sous le nom de Sphex cyrenaica.

Sphex (Calosphex) niveatus Dufour
Zuara, I 3.

Sphex (Prionyx) viduatus Christ
Bersis, I ¢, I 9.

Sphex (Prionyx) albisectus Lepeletier et Serville
Rommel’s Pool, 1 9; Apollonia, 1 2; Tmimi, r 9.

Sphex (Prionyx) lividocinctus Costa
Tmimi, I 9.

Sphex (s.s.) pruinosus Germar
Ras el Hilal, 2 ¢; Baltet er Ramla, 1 3.

Sphex (s.s.) maxillosus Fabricius
Barce, 1 g; Cyrene, 1 2; Latrun, 1 ¢; Wadi Derna, 1 9.

Sphex (s.s.) flavipennis Fabricius
Gasr Shahaden, 1 ¢; Ras el Hilal, 1 9; Wadi Derna, 1 ¢.

Sphex (s.s.) libycus de Beaumont

Tmimi, 1 2; Capuzzo, 2 3.

J’ai récemment examiné deux 9 de cette espéce provenant du littoral égyptien
(Priesner). Le pétiole de la 2 est parfois presque 2 fois aussi long que large.

Sphex (s.s.) afer Lepeletier

Bersis, I 9.

La race typique, qui habite le NW. de 1’Afrique, est caractérisée par l’abdomen
noir chez le g et noir et rouge chez la 9 et par ses ailes fortement enfumées ; dans
l’extréme sud de l’Europe et dans la Méditerranée orientale, on rencontre la subsp.
afer sordidus Dahlbom, qui a les ailes beaucoup plus claires, la pruinosité blanche
et non rousse surl’abdomen du g. La 2 récoltée par M. Guichard est bien remarqua-
ble : elle a l’abdomen entiérement noir et les ailes aussi claires que chez afer sordidus ;
les pattes sont noires, 4 peine teintées de ferrugineux 4 la face interne des tibias
antérieurs. I] est naturellement possible que la coloration de cet individu soit

ENTOM. 9, 3 19§

228 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

exceptionnelle, mais si l’on en trouve de semblables dans la région, ils mériteraient
de constituer une sous-espéce. M. Guichard avait précédemment récolté en Tripoli-
taine 2 g et 1 9, cette derniére avec l’abdomen normalement coloré ; en examinant
a nouveau l’un des g, j’ai remarqué qu’il avait les ailes moins enfumées que les
3 d’Algérie ou du Maroc.

Note sur les Sphex du groupe de maxillosus

Récemment (1957), van der Vecht a attiré l’attention sur un caractére qui a,
dans certains groupes de Sphex, une grande importance taxonomique : la structure
de ce qu'il nomme les aives sensorielles (sensory areas) sur les articles antennaires
des g. Ce sont des zones longitudinales, plus ou moins nettement concaves, limitées
par de fines carénes, situées a la face inférieure des articles 3 et suivants des antennes.
Pour bien les apprécier, il est nécessaire de faire tourner l’insecte sous la loupe
binoculaire de maniére 4 examiner toutes les faces des antennes; avec un peu de
pratique, on s’apercevra que certains articles ont deux aires sensorielles, tandis
que sur d’autres (les articles médians), il y en a trois: deux aires latérales et une
aire médiane ; lorsque cette derniére est trés développée, les aires latérales deviennent
étroites. Si l’on examine par exemple les antennes d’un Sphex maxillosus 3, on
verra, a la face inférieure, sur la moitié terminale du 3e article et sur le 4e une caréne
médiane, séparant deux aires latérales, peu nettement limitées vers |’extérieur ;
généralement a partir du 5e article et jusqu’au Ioe, la face inférieure est parcourue
par l’aire sensorielle médiane, trés nettement limitée, bordée de chaque cdété par
les aires latérales, elles mémes trés nettement limitées; sur les derniers articles,
l’aire médiane est remplacée par une zone peu nettement limitée. On peut considérer,
comme caractére taxonomique facilement utilisable, les articles ayant une aire
médiane ; dans l’exemple qui vient d’étre choisi: 5-9; parfois, ces aires médianes
ne sont présentes que sur une partie du premier ou du dernier article qui les porte,
ce que l’on pourra désigner par 5,5—9 ou 5~7,5 par exemple.

L’étude que j’ai faite sur le conseil de M. van der Vecht m’a montré la grande
utilité de ce caractére pour distinguer les ¢ du groupe de maxillosus et m’a montré
aussi qu’il présentait, chez certaines espéces, une intéressante variation. Je donne
ici les observations que j’ai pu faire jusqu’a maintenant.

Sphex afer Lepeletier. 15 ¢ d’Afrique du nord, 1 d’Espagne et 4 de Chypre ont
montré des aires sensorielles médianes sur les articles 6-8 des antennes.

Sphex flavipennis Fabricius. 45 ¢ de lEurope méridionale, de l'Afrique du nord
et de la Méditerrranée orientale présentent des aires médianes étroites sur les articles
7-8 ; un seul g, de Chypre, n’en montre que sur I’article 8.

Sphex libycus de Beaumont. La proche parenté de libycus avec flavipennis apparait
nettement ; chez 3 ¢ examinés, les aires médianes se situent sur les articles 7-8,
mais elles sont nettement plus larges que chez flavipennis.

Sphex maxillosus Fabricius. L’examen des aires sensorielles confirme enti¢rement
la valeur des caractéres distinctifs que j’avais notés entre le § de flavipennis et celui
de cette espéce, mais montre aussi qu’il existe une assez grande variation, en partie
géographique, dans la structure des antennes.

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 229

Sur 72 $ d’Europe étudiés, 50 ont des aires médianes sur les articles 5-10, 5 sur
les articles 4-10, 3 sur les articles 5-9, I sur les articles 5-11 ; 13 ont des valeurs
intermédiaires ou différentes sur les deux antennes (par exemple 4,5—I0 ou 5-0,5).

Sur 3 ¢ de la subsp. mavromoustakist de Beaumont, de Chypre, 2 sont du type
4-10 et I du type 4—II.

Sur 7 ¢ de l’Afrique du nord, 4 sont du type 5-8, 1 du type 5-8,5, 2 du type 5-9
et 1 du type 5—I0; en moyenne, les aires médianes sont donc développées sur un
moins grand nombre d’articles que chez les individus européens.

Enfin, le seul § de Corse que j’ai vu n’a d’aires médianes que sur les articles 6-8.

Genre SCELIPHRON Klug
Sceliphron (Chalybion) targionii Caruccio
Wadi Derna, I ¢.
Genre PHILANTHUS Fabricius

Philanthus triangulum abdelakader Lepeletier
Bersis, 4 g, 1 2; Apollonia, r 9.

Philanthus rutilus Spinola

Bréga, ili, 2 g, 2 9.
Individus colorés comme ceux d’Egypte.

Philanthus variegatus ecoronatus Dufour

Baltet er Ramla, r g, 22; El Adem, 1 ¢.

J’ai noté précédemment que les exemplaires récoltés en 1954 en Tripolitaine par
M. Guichard étaient un peu plus foncés que ceux de Biskra, différant donc de ceux
du Maroc méridional, du Hoggar, du Fezzan et du Tibesti, chez qui la couleur jaune
est plus étendue. Or, les 2 g et 2 2 de Cyrénaique sont semblables a ces derniers ;
les $ ont les cétés du thorax et le propodéum fortement tachés de jaune ; une des
2 a le mésonotum en grande partie jaune et jaune ferrugineux. Les individus de
1954 ayant été récoltés durant les premiers mois de l’année et ceux de 1957 au mois
d’aotit, on peut se demander si la différence entre les individus de Tripolitaine et de
Cyrénaique est saisonniére ou géographique.

Philanthus coarctatus Spinola
Tripoli town, 4 3,1 9; Leptis Magna, 1 4,1 9.

Genre CERCERIS Latreille

Cerceris sabulosa algirica Thunberg
Giosc, 1 2; Schiaschiara, 3 ¢; Cyrene, 3 2; Rasel Hilal, 1 g,1 9; Wadi Derna,

3 6,12; Ainel Gazala, r 9.
L’aire dorsale du propodéum est souvent en grande partie lisse.

230 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

Cerceris pulchella Klug

Zuara, 5 3, 2 &.
Ces spécimens présentent la coloration particuliére a la race de Tripolitaine, telle
que je l’ai signalée ; ils sont en partie décolorés par le KCN.

Cerceris clytia de Beaumont

Baltet er Ramla, 1 ¢; Tmimi, 1 2; El Adem, Io 3g, 1 9. Autres exemplaires :
Algérie: Biskra, 24.v.97, I 2 (Eaton leg., British Museum) ; Israél: Beersheba,
13.vii, 2 9 (Bytinski-Salz leg., type in coll. mea).

La description de cette espéce, basée sur les 9 d’Israél et d’Algérie citées ci-dessus,
doit paraitre dans la 2e partie de l'étude sur les Sphecidae d’Israél que nous publions
en collaboration, le Dr. Bytinski-Salz et moi méme. Les exemplaires récoltés par
M. Guichard me permettent de compléter ma documentation et il me semble
avantageux de donner ici la description des deux sexes, ne sachant pas quand doit
paraitre le travail que j’ai signalé ci-dessus.

L’espéce fait partie du groupe de rybyensis L.

9. 8ro mm. Téte et thorax noirs avec des dessins, d’un blanc légérement
jaunatre, trés développés, comprenant : les mandibules (a pointe noire), le clypéus
(a bord antérieur jaunatre), la face, avec une ligne médiane atteignant presque,
en s’élargissant 4 l’extrémité, l’ocelle antérieur et des lignes longeant le bord interne
des yeux, se prolongeant parfois, en se recourbant l’une vers l’autre, en arriére
des ocelles postérieurs, les tempes et la plus grande partie de la face inférieure de
la téte, la plus grande partie du prothorax, deux taches au scutellum (réunies chez
les individus africains), les mésopleures et le mésosternum, une partie des métapleures
et le métasternum, la plus grande partie du propodéum (l’aire dorsale et le milieu
de la face postérieure sont noirs, les zones avoisinant l’aire dorsale noires ou plus
ou moins ferrugineuses). L’abdomen est trés élégamment coloré (Text-fig. 5) ;
il est en bonne partie d’un blanc légérement jaunatre ; la base et les cétés du Ier
tergite sont noirs et plus ou moins ferrugineux ; les tergites 2-5 portent des bandes
ferrugineuses ; celle du 2e segment ne touche ni le bord antérieur ni le bord pos-
térieur ; celles des segments 3-5 sont situées 4 la base; 6e segment ferrugineux ;
quelques taches ferrugineuses sur les sternites. Scapes blanc jaunatres ; funicules
ferrugineux, un peu obscurcis en dessus. Pattes d’un blanc jaunatre avec des dessins
noiratres comprenant : une tache allongée a la face postérieure des fémurs I et 2,
toute la face postérieure des fémurs 3, une tache occupant presque toute la longueur
de la face postérieure (interne) des tibias 3, passant au ferrugineux a ses deux
extrémités. Ailes hyalines a bord apical trés légérement enfumé.

La sculpture est moyennement forte pour une espéce de cette taille. Mandibules
avec deux petites dents au bord interne (Text-fig. 8); cdtés de la face et lobes
latéraux du clypéus mats, avec une ponctuation doubles, dense, recouverts d’une
courte pilosité blanche qui cache presque complétement les téguments ; lobe médian
du clypéus a bord antérieur légérement saillant au milieu et limité de chaque cété
par un angle net (Text-fig. 6); sa base est plus fortement convexe que chez les
espéces voisines (Text-fig. 7) ; la dépression, trés peu profonde, n’occupe pas toute

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 231

la largeur du sclérite et se trouve limitée sur les cétés, comme chez evyngi Marquet,
par de légers bourrelets ; cette zone médiane est brillante et irréguli¢érement sculptée,
tandis que les parties latérales du lobe médian sont mates et velues comme les
lobes latéraux ; la face est relativement étroite ; sa largeur au niveau des insertions
antennaires est égale 4 la distance séparant le bord inférieur de celles-ci du bord
antérieur du clypéus; bords internes des yeux nettement, mais pas fortement
divergents vers le bas; la ponctuation du haut de la face et du vertex n’est nulle
part trés dense ; sur le vertex, il y a des espaces plus grands que les points ; POL =
OOL; la téte est fortement rétrécie en arriére des yeux; sa face inférieure est
brillante, 4 ponctuation espacée, sans stries. Collare 4 bord supérieur légérement
concave, avec des épaules nettement saillantes, mais arrondies ; sa partie postérieure,
le long du mésonotum, est lisse et brillante, a l’exception d’un petit triangle médian
chagriné ; tegulae brillantes avec un ou deux points microscopiques ; prosternum

Mend .
Fics. 5-8. Cerceris clytia de Beaumont 9. (5) Abdomen. (6) Clypéus de face.
(7) Clypéus de profil. (8) Mandibule.

brillant, sans carénes, avec de petits points espacés, nets; appendice des hanches
I court, non ponctué; dos du thorax brillant ; mésonotum avec une ponctuation
relativement dense en avant et en arriére, mais ayant, sur le disque, des espaces
beaucoup plus grands que les points ; scutellum a ponctuation trés espacée ; partie
supérieure des mésopleures limitée dans le bas par une fine caréne ; mésosternum
brillant, avec une microponctuation de base et des points plus gros avec des espaces
par endroits plus grands que les points ; propodéum assez brillant, mais avec une
fine sculpture de base, déja visible 4 x 30; l’aire dorsale est lisse avec quelques
fines stries transversales tout 4 la base; elle est limitée sur les cétés et parcourue
au milieu par des sillons ; au voisinage de l’aire dorsale, la ponctuation du propodéum
n’est pas trés dense, avec des espaces aussi grands que les points. Sur sa face dorsale,
le premier segment abdominal est aussi long que large ; la ponctuation des tergites
est dense ; il n’y a nulle part d’espaces plus grands que les points ; l’aire pygidiale
est de forme assez semblable a celle de rybyensis; sa surface est mate, un peu
irréguli¢rement sculptée, avec quelques petits points a la base; plateforme du 2e
sternite atteignant le milieu du segment, faiblement surélevée, mais nette; sa
surface est microsculptée, mais brillante, avec quelques points ; son bord postérieur
est a peu prés droit ; les sternites 2-4 sont trés peu ponctués dans leur partie médiane,
plus densément sur les cétés ; le 5e sternite est ponctué sur toute sa surface, avec des
angles postérieurs légérement saillants. Métatarse 3 avec une épine sur sa face
externe, parfois accompagnée d’une 2e épine plus petite.

232 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

g. 6,5-8,5 mm. Les dessins sont d’un jaune un peu plus soutenu que chez
la 2; téte et thorax comme chez cette derniére ; les stries au bord interne des
yeux ne se prolongent pas sur le vertex, mais peuvent étre unies a la strie médiane ;
dans ce cas, la face est jaune jusqu’au niveau de l’ocelle antérieur ; la moitié des
spécimens montrent deux taches jaunes sur l’aire dorsale du propodéum. Abdomen
jaune, le rer tergite noir a la base, les tergites 4 et 5 montrant a la base une zone
ferrugineuse mal définie; les dépressions terminales des tergites ferrugineuses.
Antennes comme chez la 2; pattes un peu plus claires que chez celle-ci, celles des
deux premiéres paires souvent entiérement jaunes; les zones foncées des fémurs
et tibias 3 un peu moins étendues.

Sculpture de la face et des lobes latéraux du clypéus comme chez la 2; le lobe
médian est plus fortement convexe que chez les espéces voisines, en particulier
dans sa partie basale; son bord antérieur n’est pas saillant au milieu; sa partie
médiane, jusqu’au bord antérieur, est brillante, avec des points assez nets, séparés
par des espaces beaucoup plus grands qu’eux mémes ; la face est étroite ; sa largeur,
au niveau des insertions antennaires, égale 4 peu prés les 5/6e de la longueur qui
sépare ces derniéres du bord antérieur du clypéus ; bords internes des yeux nettement
divergents en haut et en bas ; au dessus des insertions antennaires, la face est brillante,
avec une ponctuation dense ; sur le vertex, il y a des espaces brillants, aussi grands
ou presque aussi grands que les points; POL = OOL. Structure et sculpture du
thorax rappelant ce que l’on voit chez la 9, mais, comme toujours, les téguments
sont plus brillants et la ponctuation un peu plus dense ; sur le disque du mésonotum,
les espaces restent cependant plus grands que les points. Tergites 4 ponctuation
dense ; sternites brillants, avec des points trés espacés; les angles postérieurs du
6e sternite ne sont pas étirés en pointe, mais forment un angle droit trés net. Funicules
trés briévement ciliés, leur 2e article plus long que le 3e, presque deux fois aussi
long que large 4 l’extrémité ; le 3e article 4 peu prés 1, 25 fois aussi long que large ;
les articles médians plus larges que longs.

Cette espéce se reconnait surtout 4 sa coloration: faces latérales et inférieure du
thorax jaunes avec le mésonotum noir; face interne des fémurs et des tibias 3 en
grande partie foncée ; dessin particulier de l’abdomen de la 9. Elle est voisine de
gaetula de Beaumont, eryngit Marquet, amathusia de Beaumont.

Cerceris sp.

Tmimi, I 2.

Espéce du groupe de vybyensis, probablement inédite, mais qu’il n’est pas
souhaitable de décrire en l’absence de 9.

Cerceris bupresticida libyca subsp. nov.

Bersis, 8 9.

Les Cerceris bupresticida Dufour que l’on rencontre au Maroc, en Algérie et en
Tunisie ont sur tout le corps des dessins jaunes plus développés que ceux de l’Europe
du SW. (de Beaumont, 1952). Les 2 récoltées 4 Bersis par M. Guichard sont morpho-
logiquement semblables, mais présentent une coloration assez différente, comparable

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 233

a celle que j’ai décrite (I950a) pour une @ de l’oasis de Siwa : les dessins clairs sont
moins développés sur la téte et le thorax que chez les spécimens plus occidentaux,
mais l’abdomen ne présente pas de zones noires, si ce n’est parfois sur l’aire pygidiale.

La coloration de ces 2 de Bersis a probablement été en partie modifiée par le
KCN quia fait virer certaines parties jaunes au ferrugineux jaunatre ; cette décolora-
tion est en tous cas certaine pour des spécimens d’autres espéces capturées le méme
jour au méme endroit. Les trois plus grandes ? (dont le type) semblent avoir subi
la transformation 4 un moindre degré et sont colorées de la maniére suivante.
Clypéus, deux taches sur la face et l’écusson frontal d’un jaune un peu ferrugineux ;
antennes et postscutellum d’un jaune ferrugineux, la face supérieure du funicule
obscurcie ; deux petites taches au collare et deux assez grandes taches au propodéum
ferrugineuses ; tergites 1-5 d’un jaune ferrugineux, le rer ferrugineux 4 la base, le
2e dans toute sa moitié postérieure, le 4e 4 la base chez deux exemplaires; 6e
tergite ferrugineux, plus ou moins noirci; sternites ferrugineux; pattes ferrugi-
neuses, plus ou moins teintées de jaune, les hanches I noires. Chez 5 9, de plus petite
taille, l’abdomen est presque entiérement ferrugineux.

Je rappelle que j’avais précédemment cité 1 g¢ de Tripolitaine qui présentait des
dessins en partie ferrugineux sur l’abdomen ; peut étre devrait-il étre associé aux
© ci-dessus.

Cerceris arenaria schulzi de Beaumont

El] Adem, I 3.
En l’absence de 9, je ne puis certifier exacte la détermination de ce 3, qui pourrait
aussi étre un guichardi de Beaumont ou une espéce voisine.

Cerceris quadricincta Panzer

Tolmeita-Tocra track, I 4.

La coloration des pattes est assez particuliére. Sur la premiére paire, les hanches
et les trochanters sont noirs, les fémurs noirs, tachés de ferrugineux a l’extrémité,
les tibias et les tarses d’un ferrugineux jaundtre; sur la 2e paire, l’extrémité des
hanches et des trochanters est ferrugineuse, le reste comme sur les pattes I ; sur la
3e paire, les hanches sont noires, tachées de ferrugineux a l’extrémité, les trochanters
et le tiers basal des fémurs sont jaunes ; le reste des fémurs, les tibias et les tarses
sont ferrugineux avec des taches noiratres. Le thorax est taché de jaune au collare
seulement ; bandes jaunes des tergites 2 et 6 trés larges, celles des tergites 3 et 4
trés étroites.

Cerceris rutila Spinola
Bréga, iii, 1 9; Agedabia, 1 3,19; Tolmeita-Tocra track, 1 9; Tolmeita, I 9.

Cerceris spinipectus spinolica Schletterer
Bersis, I 9.

234 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

Cerceris spinipectus teterrima Gribodo (n. statut)

Leptis Magna, r 9.

Dans mon travail sur les Cerceris nord-africains (1952), j’avais indiqué que Cerc.
spinipectus spinolica Schletterer, d’Egypte et certaines régions de Palestine et
Cerc. teterrima Gribodo, de Tunisie et du Sud algérien, étaient morphologiquement
trés semblables et différaient surtout par la coloration de la 9, en grande partie
ferrugineuse chez la rére, noire chez la 2e; j’avais été tenté d’admettre que le 2e
était aussi une race géographique de spinipectus Smith, mais je n’avais pas franchi
ce pas, en l’absence de documents sur la Tripolitaine et la Cyrénaique. Les 2 9
citées dans ce travail, ainsi qu’une autre 2 de Leptis Magna signalée précédemment
(1956a) me permettent maintenant d’étre affirmatif.

La 9 de Bersis est nettement plus grande que celle de Leptis Magna (17 et 15 mm.),
mais il peut s’agir d’une différence individuelle ; la conformation du clypéus est
trés semblable ; pour la sculpture de l’aire dorsale du propodéum, la 2 de Tripolitaine
se rapproche de celles de Tunisie, avec une striation cependant un peu moins dense,
tandis que celle de Cyrénaique est proche des 2 égyptiennes.

En ce qui concerne la coloration, la 9 de Cyrénaique ressemble aux 2 foncées
d’Egypte, ayant la plus grande partie de la téte, le scutellum, le postscutellum, de
petites taches au propodéum, l’abdomen et les pattes ferrugineux. La 9 de Leptis
Magna est en grande partie noire, mais cependant un peu moins foncée que celles
d’Algérie et de Tunisie et également que l’individu précédemment cité de Leptis
Magna. La téte est ferrugineuse ; il y a des zones d’un ferrugineux sombre sur le
thorax et l’abdomen ; les pattes sont en grande partie ferrugineuses ; il y a donc
tendance vers la coloration de spinolica.

Nous pouvons donc conclure que teterrima doit étre considéré comme sous-espéce
de spinipectus et que la limite entre sp. spinolica et sp. teterrima se place entre la
Cyrénaique et la Tripolitaine.

Genre GORYTES Latreille

Gorytes (Dienoplus) formosus Jurine

Sabratha, 1 2; Benghazi, r 3.

Il semble exister en Afrique du nord plusieurs races de G. formosus et de l’espéce
voisine Jaevis Latreille ; je n’ai pas vu suffisamment de matériel jusqu’a présent
pour délimiter ces diverses formes. Au Maroc, j’ai rencontré des formosus trés
fortement tachés de rouge; de l’Algérie méridionale, par contre, j’ai signalé 2 g
de coloration trés foncée (19500). La 2 de Sabratha se rattache aussi a cette race
foncée : la téte est noire, avec le bord antérieur du clypéus ferrugineux, d’étroites
stries jaundtres au bord interne des yeux et de petites taches ferrugineuses aux
bords supérieur et postérieur des yeux; sont rouges sur le thorax: 2 taches au
collare, le mésonotum, le scutellum, le postscutellum et la partie supérieure des
méso- et des métapleures ; propodéum entiérement noir ; abdomen avec les taches
blanches habituelles sur les tergites I, 2 et 5; pattes noires, avec la face antérieure
des tibias 1 et 2 et une partie des tarses ferrugineuses. Le ¢ de Benghazi est coloré
presque exactement comme cette 2 (son clypéus est noir) et, par ce caracteére,

ee

ee

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 235

s’associe trés bien 4 elle; par contre, il a une sculpture, en particulier celle du
propodéum, qui le rattacherait plutét a Jaevis ; sa détermination est donc douteuse.

Gorytes (Dienoplus) quadrisignatus lugubris subsp. nov.

Wadi Derna, 1 9.

Comme je l’ai indiqué (1951, 1953), G. tfranensis Nadig, du Maroc, est une sous-
espéce a coloration rouge plus étendue sur les pattes et des taches blanches plus
développées, de guadrisignatus Palma, de |’Europe du SW.

La 2 de Wadi Derna m’a paru morphologiquement identique a quadrisignatus ;
sont en tous cas semblables: le clypéus, avec la petite échancrure médiane carac-
téristique de la lamelle antérieure, la forme de la téte et du propodéum, la sculpture
de la téte, du thorax, du propodéum, des tergites abdominaux et de I’aire pygidiale,
la spinulation des pattes. La coloration, par contre, a l’opposé d’ifranensts, est trés
foncée. Sont blancs: le bord antérieur (un peu ferrugineux au milieu) et les cétés
du clypéus, d’étroites stries au bord interne des yeux, qui se terminent en pointe
a mi-hauteur, la face inférieure des scapes, deux petites taches au collare, les tuber-
cules huméraux, une petite tache au milieu du bord postérieur du scutellum, d’assez
grandes taches latérales au 2e tergite, des traces sur le 5e tergite, des taches aux
hanches I et 2; abdomen sans coloration ferrugineuse ; pattes noires avec la face
antérieure des tibias I et 2, les tarses 1 et l’extrémité des tarses 2 ferrugineux ;
face inférieure du funicule ferrugineux sombre.

C’est surtout l’absence de coloration rouge a la base de l’abdomen qui donne a
ce spécimen un aspect bien différent de quadrisignatus ; l’identité de la morphologie
et le fait que divers Sphécides sont mélaniques dans la région de la Libye autorisent
cependant a admettre qu’il s’agit bien d’une race de quadrisignatus.

Genre AMMATOMUS Costa

Ammatomus mesostenus Handlirsch
Ras el Hilal, 1 ¢; Latrum, 1 ¢; Wadi Derna,1 ¢,1 8.

Genre STIZUS Latreille
Stizus pubescens Klug
Apollonia, r ¢; Ras el Hilal, 2 ¢.
Ces g se rattachent 4 la race que l’on rencontre a Siwa et en Tripolitaine, carac-
térisée par les dessins d’un jaune ferrugineux.

Stizus ruficornis Fabricius

Bersis, 2 ¢, 3 9; Wadi Derna, 1 ¢.

Il y a un doute sur la sous-espéce a laquelle doivent se rattacher ces individus.
Les dessins sont d’un jaune nettement ferrugineux, mais il est possible que, comme
pour d’autres individus capturés le méme jour, cette couleur soit die a l’action du
KCN. Si les dessins de l’abdomen étaient primitivement jaunes, il s’agit de la subsp.

236 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

ruficornis ornatus Lepeletier ; si par contre la couleur ferrugineuse est naturelle,
ces individus se rattachent a la sous-expéce décrite de Palestine par Bytinski Salz
(1955) sous le nom de ruficornis eremicus ; cependant, l’examen du type de Stizus
strigatus Mochi, d’Egypte (coll. Alfieri) m’a montré que c’était 14 un nom plus ancien
pour cette race particuliére de ruficornis.

Stizus ruficornis eremicus Bytinski Salz (1955) = S. ruficornis strigatus Mochi

(1939) syn. nov.

Stizus fuliginosus Klug
Bersis, 4 9.

Stizus niloticus saharae Roth

Latrum, rt ¢; Wadi Derna,1 ¢.
J’espére pouvoir bientét décrire la remarquable variation chromatique de Sé.
niloticus Handlirsch, dont saharae Roth est une forme.

Stizus marthae cheops Morice
Tauorga, I $; 20 km. E. of El Agheila, 2 3.

Genre BEMBIX Fabricius

Bembix melanura Morawitz

Capuzzo, I 3.
I] s’agit de cette espéce telle que Priesner (1958) l’a décrite d’Egypte.

Bembix flavescens kittyae de Beaumont

Leptis Magna, 2 2; Bersis,6 9; Ras el Hilal, 1 2.

C’est l’espéce que j’avais signalée précédemment sous le nom de turca Dahlbom,
mais qui, comme je l’ai noté depuis lors (1958) en est spécifiquement distincte.
Les 2 ont l’abdomen entiérement noir; le ¢ présente une paire de petites taches
blanchatres sur les 3 premiers tergites.

Genre ASTATA Latreille

Astata (Dryudella) tricolor van der Linden

Ain el Gazala, 3 3.
I] s’agit de l’une des nombreuses formes que l’on peut rattacher a cette espéce.

Astata (Dryudella) bifasciata von Schulthess
Zuara, I 9; Wadi Derna, 2 ¢.

Astata (s.s.) boops Schrank
El Abiar, 1 9; Capuzzo, 2 ¢

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 237
Genre LARRA Fabricius
Larra anathema Rossi
Rommel’s Pool, Io 3, 3 2.

Genre LIRIS Fabricius
Liris atrata Spinola
Gasr Garabulli, 1 g, 1 2; Leptis Magna, 1 9; Bréga, ii?, 1 9; Agedabia, 1 9;
Tolmeita-Tocra track, 1 2; Wadi Derna, r 2; Baltet er Ramla, r 9; Wadi el
Mra, I 3,22; Capuzzo,I d, 2 9.

Liris nigricans Walker

Gasr Garabulli, 1 9; Ben Giauad, 1 $; Bréga, viii, 1 g,2 92; Rasel Hilal, 1 g;
Wadi Derna, 3 ¢, 1 2; Tmimi, 3 ¢,1 9.

Liris nigra van der Linden
Bersis, 7 6; Barce,2 $; Wadi Derna, 2 3, Tmimi, 1 9.

Liris cooperi de Beaumont
Ben Giauad, 1 g, 1 2; 20 km. E. of El Agheila, 1 3; Bersis, 1 3.

Genre TACHYTES Fabricius

Tachytes melanopyga Costa
Tauorga, I ¢; Wadi Derna, 2 g$; Wadi el Mra, r @.

Genre TACHYSPHEX Kohl

Tachysphex (s.s.) panzeri van der Linden

Sabratha, 1 9; 2 km. E. of Wadi Caam, 1 ¢; Rommel’s Pool, 1 2; Bersis, 1 2;
Wadi Derna, 2 ¢,2 2; Tmimi,I 4,1 9.

Les individus de Cyrénaique se rattachent 4 la forme que j’ai nommée typique
(1955) ; le fémurs et les derniers segments abdominaux sont noirs ; les 2 ont des
bandes de pruinosité argentée aux 4 premiers tergites. La 9 de Sabratha est semblable
a celles que j’ai déja citées de Tripolitaine. Quant au g de Wadi Caam, il appartient
a la forme que j’ai nommée saharienne.

Tachysphex (s.s.) gracilicornis Mercet

Homs, 1 2; Bersis, 2 ¢; Gasr Shahaden, 1 ¢; Cyrene, 1 g; Apollonia, 1 3,
19; Rasel Hilal, x ¢,1 9; Latrun,1 ¢.

La 2 de Homs est accompagnée de sa proie: une larve de Sphodromerus.

238 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

Tachysphex (s.s.) brevipecten de Beaumont

Zuara, I 2; Bréga, iii, 1 9.

Le clypéus et les 3 derniers segments abdominaux sont noirs; fémurs noirs,
tachés de ferrugineux a l’apex seulement; tibias et tarses ferrugineux. J’avais
signalé une 2 de cette espéce provenant d’Istrie, mais, d’aprés les renseignements
qui m’ont été communiqués, il s’agit probablement d’une erreur d’étiquetage et
l’espéce serait seulement nord-africaine.

Tachysphex (s.s.) spp.

Sabratha, 1 9; Benghazi, 1 g¢; Tmimi, 1 9.

Ces individus appartiennent a 3 espéces différentes du groupe de panzeri ; l’une
des 2 est probablement gvacilitarsis Saunders.

Tachysphex (s.s.) luxuriosus Morice
Ben Giauad, 1 2; Baltet er Ramla, r 9.

Tachysphex (s.s.) erythropus Spinola

Tauorga, I ¢; 20 km. E. of El Agheila, 1 g, 1 2; Bréga, vili, 1 g, 2 2; Barce,
9 3; Apollonia, 2 ¢; Rasel Hilal, 29; Latrun,1 ¢; Wadi Derna, 2 $; Tmimi,
I 2; Wadi el Mra, 2 ¢.

Tachysphex (s.s.) costai Destefani
Tmimi, 1 3.

Tachysphex (s.s.) grandissimus Gussakovskij
Bréga, viii, 1 ¢; Baltet er Ramla, 1 3.

Tachysphex (s.s.) albocinctus Lucas
Leptis Magna, 2 ¢; Tmimi, 3 9; El Adem, 2 3.

Tachysphex (s.s.) schmiedeknechti Kohl
Zuara, 2 g; Giosc, 3 g¢; Leptis Magna, 1 ¢.

Tachysphex (s.s.) julliani Kohl

Tmimi, I ¢.

J’ai bri¢vement décrit du Maroc (19555) deux types de g, qui se distinguent des
individus typiques de l’Europe méridionale ; l’une de ces formes se retrouve en
Tripolitaine. L’individu capturé en Cyrénaique ne se rattache ni a l’une ni a |’autre
de ces deux formes, mais se rapproche beaucoup de ceux de |’Europe ; l’armature
génitale est semblable, de méme que |’échancrure des fémurs I avec une lamelle
bien développée ; la pointe médiane du clypéus est plus allongée.

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 239

Tachysphex (s.s.) abjectus Kohl

Tmimi, 2 3.

Ces deux ¢ sont semblables, armature génitale comprise, 4 ceux que j’ai décrits
d’Egypte (1947).

Tachysphex (s.s.) vestitus Kohl
Giosc, I 2; Tmimi, I 9.

Tachysphex (s.s.) adjunctus Kohl
Wadi Kuf, 6 3.

Tachysphex (s.s.) denisi de Beaumont
Tolmeita, r 3.

Tachysphex (s.s.) nitidus Spinola

Garian hills, 1 9; Bréga, ili, 2 g, 3 9.

Les spécimens de Cyrénaique appartiennent a la race de l’Afrique du NW., la
2 de Tripolitaine a celle de l’Egypte.

Tachysphex (s.s.) nitidior de Beaumont
Tmimi, I ¢.

Tachysphex (s.s.) cabrerai Mercet
Wadi Derna, 6 g, I 9.

Tachysphex (s.s.) yarrowi sp. nov.

Capuzzo, I 2 (Type). Autres exemplaires: Algérie: Biskra 15.vi.11, 2 9 (Morice
leg., Mus. Oxford); Egypte: Ben Yusef 15.iv.31, 1 2 (Mochi leg. coll. mea) ;
Israél: Bat Jam 15 et 19.vi, 2 2 (Bytinski Salz leg., coll. Bytinski et coll. mea).

L’espéce fait partie du groupe de speciosissimus Morice; c’est celle qui, dans
mes notes de 1940, portait le No. 17.

Q. La taille varie entre 6 et 8 mm.; le plus grand et le plus petit spécimens sont
ceux de Bat Jam ; le type mesure 7,6 mm., les exemplaires de Biskra 6,5 et 6,8 mm.,
celui d’Egypte 6,3 mm. Le type présente la coloration suivante. Téte et thorax
noirs ; abdomen ferrugineux, avec les derniers segments un peu obscurcis et les
larges dépressions des tergites décolorées, jaundtres; sont encore ferrugineux :
le milieu des mandibules, l’extrémité de la face inférieure des scapes, le bord postérieur
des tubercules huméraux, une grande partie des tibias et des tarses ; tegulae jaunatres;
ailes hyalines avec les nervures pales. La plus grande 2 d’Israél est de coloration
trés semblable.. La 9 d’Egypte est un peu plus foncée ; la petite 2 d’Israél a l’abdomen
et les tibias en grande partie rembrunis. Les 2 2 de Biskra, par contre, sont nette-
ment plus claires ; sont ferrugineux chez elles : la plus grande partie des mandibules,
toute la face inférieure des scapes, les tubercules huméraux, tout l’abdomen, une

240 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

partie des fémurs 1, la plus grande partie des fémurs 2 et 3, les tibias et les tarses.
Sur la téte et le thorax, la pilosité argentée couchée est assez dense ; elle cache
la sculpture sur le bas de la face; elle la cache presque complétement, chez les
individus frais, sur les mésopleures et sur la face supérieure du propodéum, ot
elle est dirigée d’arriére en avant ; la région du tubercule ocellaire et du vertex ne
montrent qu’une pilosité rare, courte et dressée ; tergite I-5 avec une pruinosité
argentée nette ; la pilosité argentée couchée est bien développée sur la face postérieure
des fémurs I et 2.

La téte, vue de face, est large, avec le vertex nettement concave (Text-fig. 9) ;
clypéus avec une aire apicale, brillante, montrant quelques points peu nettement
marqués, aussi longue que l’aire basale; la lamelle est faiblement arquée; 2e
article du funicule 2,5 fois aussi long que large, les suivants légérement plus longs ;
chez les 2 d’Egypte et d’Israél, on remarque, se détachant du sommet de chaque

Fic. 9. Tachysphex yarrowt sp. nov. 9, téte de face.

callosité supra-antennaire, une fine caréne brillante se dirigeant vers le bord interne
des yeux (Text-fig. 9), visible sous la pilosité ; ces carénes, que l’on voit chez quelques
autres espéces, sont moins développées chez les 2 de Libye et de Biskra ; la ponctu-
ation de la face est trés fine et dense, mais cependant avec des espaces brillants
entre les points; sur le vertex, la ponctuation est trés fine aussi, mais avec des
espaces aussi grands que les points; l’impression transversale du vertex, assez
profonde et assez large, est reliée au tubercule ocellaire par une courte impression
longitudinale ; la distance interoculaire est un peu plus courte que la longueur
des articles 2 + 3 du funicule; tempes trés peu développées. Mésonotum trés
brillant, avec une ponctuation fine et espacée, les espaces plus grands que les points ;
scutellum avec une sculpture semblable, les points un peu plus gros ; mésopleures
brillantes avec une ponctuation assez dense dans le haut, devenant plus espacée
dans le bas; mésosternum trés brillant, avec des points trés espacés; face su-
périeure du propodéum peu brillante, avec une striation longitudinale fine et trés
irréguliére ; faces latérales avec une striation beaucoup plus nette, qui disparait
cependant en partie 4 la base chez une des 9 de Biskra. Tergites microsculptés,
pas trés brillants, leur dépression terminale large, celle du 5e sans soies dressées a

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 241

la base; aire pygidiale en triangle tres allongé, un peu bombée, brillante, avec
une légére microsculpture dans sa partie basale et quelques points isolés. Pattes
élancées, avec des épines pales assez longues ; tibias I avec une seule longue épine
a l’extrémité; peigne formé d’épines longues et fines, au nombre de 6~7 sur le
métatarse ; sur la face dorsale du métatarse 2, il y a généralement 2, parfois 3
épines outre celle qui est a l’apex ; sur le métatarse 3, il n’y en a pas, ou il en existe
une seule, petite. Cellule radiale relativement peu tronquée a l’extrémité.

Malgré une certaine variation, il me parait certain que ces divers individus
appartiennent 4 la méme espéce. T. yarrow1 est voisin de speciosisstmus Morice,
mais s’en distingue facilement par sa taille plus faible, l’aire apicale du clypéus un
peu plus grande, la forme différente de l’impression du vertex, la ponctuation
beaucoup moins dense de la face, du vertex et des mésopleures, l’aire pygidiale
plus étroite et plus brillante, les pattes moins épineuses, la cellule radiale moins
tronquée ; elle se distingue de sulcidorsum de Beaumont par la structure particuliére
du mésonotum chez ce dernier, de fasciatus Morice par la coloration, la sculpture du
propodéum, le clypéus, etc. Je connais encore deux espéces nord-africaines inédites
de ce groupe ; l’une (No. 18 de mes notes de 1940) d’Egypte a la téte et le thorax
entiérement mats avec une pilosité d’aspect laineux ; l’autre, dont je posséde 1 ?
de Biskra et 1 9 de Midelt, est la plus proche de yarrowi, mais elle a la pilosité
argentée moins développée, les mésopleures mates, les faces latérales du propodéum
non striées.

Je dédie cette espéce 4 M. I. H. H. Yarrow, entomologiste au British Museum,
en hommage a ses beaux travaux sur les Hyménoptéres et en reconnaissance des
services qu’il m’a si souvent rendus.

Tachysphex (s.s.) imperfectus de Beaumont

Ain el Auenia, 1 2; Gasr Garabulli, 1 9.
Les pattes 1 ont de petites zones ferrugineuses ; les pattes 2 et 3 sont noires ;
clypéus et les 5-6 premiers articles des antennes ferrugineux.

Tachysphex (Holotachysphex) pentapolitanus sp. nov.

Barce, I 9.

2. g mm. Corps noir, avec les parties suivantes ferrugineuses: le milieu des
mandibules, une petite tache a l’extrémité de tous les tibias et des premiers articles
des tarses, les derniers articles des tarses ; le bord postérieur des tergites abdominaux
et les cétés rabattus du premier tergite sont d’un ferrugineux jaunatre. La pilosité
argentée de la face et du clypéus est relativement peu développée et ne cache pas
les téguments ; sur le thorax et le propodéum, la pilosité, blanche, est également
peu développée ; des bandes de pruinosité argentée, pas trés accusées, sur les 4
premiers tergites.

Mandibules présentant la structure caractéristique pour le sous-genre ; la partie
médiane du clypéus, saillante, trés brillante, nettement ponctuée, est moins pointue
en avant que chez holognathus Morice (Text-figs. 10 et 11) ; 2e article du funicule
2 fois aussi long que large, le 3e a peine plus long ; des callosités brillantes trés nettes

242 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

au dessus des insertions antennaires ; toute la ponctuation du corps est nettement
plus fine que chez holognathus, mais plus forte qu’elle ne l’est généralement chez
les Tachysphex ; la ponctuation de la face est trés nette et pas trés dense; dans
la partie médiane, il y a des espaces nets, trés brillants, entre les points ; la protu-
bérance ocellaire est lisse et brillante de chaque cété en avant des ocelles postérieurs,
finement ponctuée dans sa partie médiane déprimée ; l’impression du vertex est
en forme de ligne transversale, droite, étroite, nettement enfoncée ; vertex horizontal,
a ponctuation trés dense, sans espaces entre les points; la distance interoculaire
égale presque la longueur des 3 premiers articles du funicule réunis. Mésonotum
brillant, avec une ponctuation semblable a celle du milieu de la face, les espaces
par endroits aussi grands que les points ; sur le scutellum, les espaces sont nettement
plus grands que les points; mésopleures a ponctuation trés dense; propodéum
densément réticulé. Tergites nettement ponctués, la ponctuation devenant de plus
en plus espacée et plus fine en allant du rer au 5e; carénes latérales des tergites

Fics. 10-11. Tachysphex, clypéus 2. (10) T. pentapolitanus sp. noy.
(11) T. holognathus Morice.

I et 2 comme chez holognathus ; aire pygidiale en triangle trés allongé, brillante,
avec quelques points, indistinctement limitée; 2e sternite a ponctuation assez
dense, sur un fond microsculpté ; les suivants 4 ponctuation trés espacée. Pattes
comme chez les autres espéces du sous-genre, peu épineuses, le métatarse I sans
peigne. Cellule radiale assez largement tronquée a l’extrémité.

Cet individu unique se distingue suffisamment de holognathus par ses pattes plus
foncées, sa pilosité moins développée, sa sculpture beaucoup plus fine, la forme de
son clypéus pour que l’on base sur lui une espéce distincte; prosopigastroides
Gussakovskij, d’aprés la figure, doit avoir un clypéus avec une pointe beaucoup
plus développée.

Genre PROSOPIGASTRA Costa
Prosopigastra (s.s.) punctatissima africana de Beaumont
Bersis, 1 2; Tmimi, r 9.

Prosopigastra (s.s.) handlirschi Morice
Leptis Magna, 1 g; Bréga, ii, 8 g,69; Benghazi, 1 3.

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 243

Genre PARAPIAGETIA Kohl

Ce genre n’a été que peu étudié jusqu’a présent, ce qui tient sans doute au fait
que la plupart des espéces sont rares. Ne sachant si j’aurai l’occasion d’y revenir
une fois, je profite de l’occasion qui m’est donnée ici pour consigner quelques observa-
tions. Parapiagetia est voisin de Tachysphex, mais s’en distingue par divers caractéres.

Chez P., les mandibules sont courbées en S; le bord antérieur du clypéus, chez
P. est muni d’un appendice ou d’une dent médiane ou de plusieurs dents, caractére
qui n’apparait que rarement chez T.; les ocelles postérieurs, assez distinctement
limités chez T., sont peu nets chez P.; le vertex, est toujours large chez P., avec
une impression angulaire nette ; la face dorsale du propodéum est striée transversa-
lement chez P., ce qui ne semble jamais étre le cas chez 7.; le premier segment
abdominal, chez P., est toujours plus ou moins allongé, distinctement rétréci a
la base, avec les cétés rabattus des tergites trés proches l’un de |’autre sur la face
ventrale ; tout l’abdomen peut d’ailleurs étre fortement allongé; chez T7., les
articles 1-4 des tarses sont relativement longs, le 5e relativement court ; chez P.,
le 5e article est relativement long; les métatarses 2 et 3 sont courts et portent,
chez la 9, 3 épines sur leur face dorsale; chez T., le peigne est formé d’épines en
général nombreuses, longues (nulles chez Holotachysphex) ; chez P., le peigne est
formé d’épines courtes; les fémurs antérieurs du g, qui sont presque toujours
échancrés a la base chez T., ne le sont pas chez P.

Malgré l’aspect trés varié des espéces qui le constituent, ce genre est probablement
trés naturel. On peut y distinguer deux groupes principaux, le ze pouvant étre
divisé en deux sous-groupes.

ler groupe

Abdomen pas particuliérement allongé ; ocelles postérieurs trés indistincts, non
rebordés en arriére; aire pygidiale de la 2 garnie de soies couchées isolées; 8¢
sternite du ¢ arrondi a l’extrémité; pattes courtes, avec les métatarses 2 et 3
arqués et les griffes du ¢ fortement asymétriques ; cellule radiale longue ; nervulus
peu antéfurcal; tibias ferrugineux; abdomen souvent en partie ferrugineux.
C’est 4 ce groupe qu’appartiennent vufescens Gussakovskij, saharica de Beaumont,
probablement capitalis Saunders (décrit comme Tachysphex) et les espéces éthiopiennes
du genre ; je connais au moins deux espéces inédites de l’Afrique du nord.

2e groupe

Ocelles postérieurs finement rebordés en arriére; aire pygidiale de la 9 glabre ;
8e sternite du ¢ échancré a l’extrémité ; pattes plus gréles, avec les métatarses 2
et 3 peu arqués et les griffes du $a peu prés symétriques ; cellule radiale plus ou moins
fortement tronquée; nervulus nettement antéfurcal; tibias souvent jaunes ;
abdomen noir.

ler sous-groupe

Espéces 4 abdomen trés allongé ; les 2 ont le clypéus quadridenté : odontosoma
Kohl (type du genre), mongolica Morawitz et zorah de Beaumont.

244 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

2e sous-groupe

Espéces 4 abdomen pas particuliérement allongé qui, de ce fait, ont été décrites
comme Tachysphex ; le clypéus de la 2 est muni d’un appendice médian de forme
variable: genicularis Morawitz, integer Kohl et pragetioides Saunders ; je connais
des espéces inédites.

Gussakovskij (1952) a créé le genre Psammosphex pour les Parapiagetia 4 abdomen
relativement court, soit celles de mon Ier groupe et de mon 2e sous-groupe; il
a donné comme type genicularis Morawitz ; c’est donc au 2e sous-groupe que devrait
s’appliquer le nom de Psammosphex ; comme je l’ai déja laissé entendre (19552),
une coupure, méme subgénérique, ne me parait cependant pas justifiée; elle le
serait davantage pour distinguer les deux groupes principaux.

Parapiagetia odontosoma Kohl
2 km. E. of Wadi Caam, 1 9.

Parapiagetia zorah de Beaumont
2km. E. of Wadi Caam, r 9.

Parapiagetia piagetioides Saunders

Bréga, iii, r g, 1 9; Wadi Derna, 1 ¢.

Le transfert de cette espéce du genre Tachysphex au genre Parapiagetia lui confére
une dénomination plutét grotesque!

Grace a l’amabilité de M. E. Taylor, j’ai pu comparer la 2 de Bréga au seul
exemplaire connu jusqu’a présent de cette espéce, la 2 type, originaire de Biskra

(coll. Morice, MS. Oxford); mis a part quelques minimes détails de sculpture, ©

ces deux insectes sont identiques. Comme il existe en Afrique du nord des espéces
voisines, inédites, il est nécessaire de préciser sur certains points la description de
Saunders. Je donne (Text-fig. 13) une figure du clypéus, toujours caractéristique
pour les 2 des espéces de ce genre, exécutée d’aprés l’exemplaire de Cyrénaique ;
chez le type, les angles latéraux de la partie médiane sont un peu moins saillants
et la ponctuation est un peu plus fine; les callosités supra-antennaires sont trés
saillantes et se touchent presque au milieu (Text-fig. 12); face avec une ligne
enfoncée atteignant l’ocelle antérieur, avec une ponctuation trés fine, les espaces
beaucoup plus grands que les points ; vertex a ponctuation semblable. La ponctu-
ation du mésonotum est plus forte que celle de la téte, beaucoup plus espacée ;
les mésopleures sont obliquement et irréguliérement striées, mais leur partie
supérieure est brillante, 4 peine striée ; métatarses 2 et 3 portant 3 fortes épines
sur leur aréte supérieure.

$. L’individu de Wadi Derna a une sculpture des différentes parties du corps
trés semblable 4 la 2; sur la face, cependant, la ponctuation est un peu plus dense
et, corrélativement, la pilosité argentée est un peu plus abondante; le clypéus
présente une partie médiane saillante en une pointe trés aigué (Text-fig. 14) ; les
articles 2 et 3 du funicule, sont moins de 2 fois aussi longs que larges ; le 7e tergite
est trés brillant, finement ponctué, un peu concave; métatarse antérieur avec un

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 245

peigne formé d’épines moins développées que chez la ?, mais cependant plus longues
que le diamétre de l’article ; tibiasen partie rembrunis. Le ¢ de Bréga est de morpho-
logie générale trés semblable, mais sa sculpture est moins dense ; les mésopleures
sont ponctuées, les espaces un peu plus grands que les points, avec quelques indica-
tions de stries ; la striation du propodéum est moins dense ; les tibias ne sont clairs
qu’a la base et a l’apex. Peut étre ce ¢ appartient-il 4 une espéce voisine. Dans
ce groupe, le clypéus varie beaucoup plus d’une espéce a l’autre chez les 2 que chez
les g; l'association des sexes doit se faire en étudiant en détail la sculpture des
diverses parties du corps.

Fics. 12-14. Pavrapiagetia piagetioides Saunders. (12) Téte 9 de face. (13) Clypéus 9.
(14) Clypéus 3.

Genre GASTROSERICUS Spinola

Gastrosericus waltlii Spinola

Leptis Magna, 1 9; Tauorga, I 9.

Ces 2 2 de Tripolitaine, comme les autres individus récoltés précédemment dans
cette région, ont l’abdomen noir.

Gastrosericus drewseni Dahlbom

Baltet er Ramla 2 ¢; Tmimi, 34, 2 2.

J’ai examiné en 1947 les types de cette espéce, provenant de la collection Heden-
borg et déposés au Muséum de Stockholm; il y a 2 Q et I 4, étiquetés ‘‘ Egypt
Hbg 35’’’ j’ai désigné l’une des 2 comme lectotype. II s’agit d’une espéce extréme-
ment voisine de waltlii; elle s’en distingue par 1’abdomen entiérement rouge et

246 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

par le bord antérieur du clypéus de la 9, qui forme au milieu un angle beaucoup
plus accusé (Text-figs. 15 et 16); les tibias sont entiérement clairs chez les deux
sexes. Des individus semblables se trouvent au Negev (Bytinski Salz leg.) ; les
$ ont parfois le 4e tergite en partie obscurci. Les 2 ¢ de Baltet er Ramla, en trés
mauvais état, sont de détermination douteuse.

Gastrosericus moricei Saunders
Tripoli, 4 9.
AE
Cee

Fics. 15-16. Gastrosericus, clypéus 9 (la pilosité arrachée). (15) G. waltlii Spinola.
(16) G. drewseni Dahlbom.

Genre PALARUS Latreille
Palarus saundersi Morice

Tigi, r 9.
Genre LAPHYRAGOGUS Kohl

Laphyragogus pectinatus de Beaumont (19590).
Tigi, r 9.

Genre MISCOPHUS Jurine

Miscophus sericeus Radoszkovski
Leptis Magna, 3 9; Capuzzo, 3 9.

Miscophus ctenopus Kohl
2 km. E. of Wadi Caam, 1 2; Capuzzo, I 9.

Miscophus tagiurae de Andrade

Leptis Magna, 2 3g, I 9.
Individus comparés 4 un paratype 9 (British Museum).

Miscophus alfierii Honoré

2 km. E. of Wadi Caam, 1 ¢; Buerat, 1 g; Bréga, iii, 9 3,9 2; 10 km. S. of
Ghemines, 1 2; Benghazi, 2 3, 4 9; Tolmeita-Tocra track, 1 9; Benina plain,
I $; Capuzzo, Io 9.

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 247

J'ai vérifié l’identité de ces spécimens en les comparant a une 2 d’Egypte, déter-
minée par de Andrade (coll. Verhoeff) ; chez les 9, les tibias 3 sont entiérement
ferruginaux, ceux des deux premiéres paires le sont en grande partie.

Miscophus sirius de Andrade

Sabratha, 1 2; Leptis Magna, I 9.
La @ de Sabratha est trés semblable a un paratype de Cussabat (British Museum) ;
la 2? de Leptis Magna différe un peu, mais semble appartenir a la méme espéce.

Miscophus spp.

Giosc, 1 2; Leptis Magna, 1 9; Bersis, 1 g; Wadiel Mra, 1 9.

Ces individus appartiennent 4 4 espéces différentes ; peut-étre certains d’entre
eux pourront ils étre déterminés a l’aide d’un travail posthume du regretté N.F.
de Andrade, qui doit encore paraitre.

Genre SOLIERELLA Spinola
Solierella babaulti de Beaumont

Leptis Magna, 3 d, 3 9.

J’avais noté que, chez cette espéce, les tergites sont assez largement décolorés
al’ extrémité ; ainsi sont colorés 2 ¢ et 2 9 des nouvelles récoltes de M. Guichard ;
chez 1 g et I 2 cependant, le premier tergite est presque enti¢rement ferrugineux
et le 2e l’est en grande partie.

Genre TRYPOXYLON Latreille

Trypoxylon scutatum Chevrier
Barce, I 6; Wadi Derna, 1 ¢; Tmimi, 16 d, 4 9.

Trypoxylon kolazyi Kohl

Ras el Hilal, r g, 8 9.

C’est la premiére fois que l’espéce est signalée de ]’Afrique du nord ; j’ai examiné
également des spécimens de Tanger.

Genre DIODONTUS Curtis

Diodontus oraniensis Lepeletier

Benghazi, I g, I 9.

Une révision des Diodontus méditerranéens serait nécessaire, car il existe bien
des espéces inédites, qui ne figurent pas dans la petite monographie de Kohl (1901).
Une espéce nord-africaine trés répandue est oraniensis Lepeletier (= punicus André
= moricet Kohl = gracilicornis Saunders), que l’on rencontre des Canaries jusqu’en
Palestine ; elle a été bien caractérisée par Kohl sous le nom de moricet.

248 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

Le g§ a, comme minutus Fabricius (que je ne connais pas de 1|’Afrique du nord)
et frieset Kohl les mandibules et les tubercules huméraux jaunes, mais les métatarses
I et 2 ne sont pas courbés, les funicules sont noirs avec les articles plus allongés, la
face est trés mate, avec une ponctuation peu visible dans la sculpture de base. La
2 se distingue de celles de minutus et de friesei par la sculpture de la téte et du
mésonotum, les articles du funicule plus allongés, de friesei par la partie médiane
du clypéus plus large. Les mandibules sont souvent un peu noiratres 4 la base et,
chez la 9, elles sont parfois en grande partie ferrugineuses et non jaunes. Les tarses
sont plus ou moins foncés.

Diodontus longicornis sp. nov.

Benghazi, 2 3g, 2 9. Autres exemplaires: Algérie: Biskra 20.iv-2.v.49, 16 2,
1 2 (A. Giordani Soika leg.) ; Biskra, iii, 31, 2 g, 1 9 (R. Meyer leg.) ; Egypte:
Le Caire 3.iv.38, 7 § (de Beaumont leg.) ; Dekhela 19.iii.35, 1 2 (A. Mochi leg.) ;
Kingi Mariout, 14.11.35, 1 2 (W. Wittmer leg.) ; tous ces exemplaires de Biskra
et d’Egypte : coll. mea. Type 2 et allotype ¢, Biskra 20.iv.-2.v.

Cette espéce est voisine, par ses caractéres généraux, d’oraniensis Lepeletier et
elle a été trouvée, a4 Biskra par M. Giordani Soika et 4 Benghasi par M. Guichard,
dans les mémes stations que cette derniére ; elle semble cependant moins répandue.
Lorsque l’on a les deux espéces sous les yeux, les différences, trés constantes, qui
portent surtout sur la sculpture, apparaissent nettement ; il sera probablement plus
difficile de reconnaitre longicornis sans matérial de comparaison.

2. 4,5-5 mm. Mandibules noiratres a la base, puis jaunes ou d’un jaune ferru-
gineux, la pointe ferrugineuse ; tubercules huméraux jaune clair; tibias et tarses
ferrugineux, plus ou moins variés de noiratre et de jaune (cette derniére couleur
surtout a la face antérieure des tibias 1); la nervulation est plus claire que chez
ovantensis, de la couleur de celle de minutus Fabricius; tout le bord antérieur
du stigma est plus clair que le reste de sa surface, caractére qui apparait nettement
en examinant l’aile par transparence ; chez ovaniensis, la différence entre les deux
parties du stigma est beaucoup moins marquée; aire pygidiale plus ou moins
ferrugineuse.

Clypéus trés brillant, montrant le long de son bord antérieur et prés de la base
quelques points d’ot sortent de longues soies, comme chez les espéces voisines ;
les pointes latérales du clypéus sont nettement plus éloignées l’une de l’autre que
chacune d’elles de l'oeil voisin ; toute la téte avec une réticulation de base un peu
moins accusée que chez ovaniensis ; la ponctuation du haut de la face et du vertex
est trés fine et espacée, mais nette, plus fine et un peu plus espacée que chez minutus,
plus visible et beaucoup plus espacée que chez ovaniensis ; il n’y a pas ou presque
pas de ligne médiane sur la face, tandis qu’elle existe, souvent assez bien marquée,
chez ovaniensis ; bourrelets, au bord supérieur des yeux, moins marqués que chez
minutus, & peu prés comme chez ovaniensis; POL 4 peine inférieur 2 OOL; les
articles du funicule sont relativement longs ; le 2e et le 3e sont presque 2 fois plus
longs que larges; chez ovaniensis, ils sont légérement plus longs, chez minutus
nettement plus courts. Dos du thorax microsculpté comme la téte, avec des points

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 249

aussi fins, isolés, plus fins et beaucoup plus espacés que chez minutus, plus espacés
que chez oraniensis ; chez ce dernier, le mésonotum est beaucoup moins mat que
la téte, tandis que chez longicornis la différence est peu marquée ; partie supérieure
des mésopleures entiérement réticulée ; partie inférieure trés finement striée, cette
striation pouvant méme s’effacer en grande partie ; propodéum brillant, enti¢rement
réticulé sur sa face supérieure et strié sur ses faces latérales ; premier tergite brillant,
sans microsculpture visible 4 x 70, avec une ponctuation trés fine et espacée, un
peu plus espacée que chez oraniensts ; les tergites suivants 4 ponctuation plus dense
et microsculpture de plus en plus visible; aire pygidiale mate, avec des points
espacés, plus étroite que chez orantensis. Le métatarse I ressemble a celui d’ovantensts,
c’est 4 dire qu’il est plus allongé que celui de minutus et qu’il montre sur son aréte
externe un peigne formé d’épines pales et transparentes, plus fines, plus courtes
et moins visibles que l’épine apicale.

3. 3-4,5 mm. Mandibules, sauf l’extréme base qui est noiratre et la pointe,
qui est ferrugineuse, jaune clair ; tubercules huméraux et la plus grande partie des
tibias et des tarses jaunes ; extrémité de l’abdomen ferugineuse ; nervulation et stigma
comme chez la 9; funicule entiérement noir.

De facon générale, la sculpture est semblable a celle de la 2, mais la microsculpture
est, comme d’habitude, un peu plus développée, rendant les téguments de la téte
et du dos du thorax plus mats ; la ponctuation est souvent un peu plus dense. Anten-
nes longues ; les articles du funicule sont 4 peu prés 1,5 fois aussi longs que larges,
un peu plus courts que chez ovaniensis, mais plus longs que chez minutus ; ils ne
sont pas obliquement tronqués a l’extrémité comme chez cette espéce ; les métatarses
I et 2 sont droits, comme chez oraniensis et ne montrent pas trace de la déformation
que l’on voit chez minutus ou frieset ; les articles suivants, de méme que tous les
articles des tarses 3, sont beaucoup plus gréles que chez minutus ; ainsi, le 2e article
des tarses 2 est a peu prés 3 fois aussi long que large, le 2e article des tarses 3 a
peu prés 4 fois aussi long que large; chez ovantensis, les articles des tarses sont
encore un peu plus allongés.

Diodontus friesei Kohl
Benghazi, 5 .

Genre PASSALOECUS Shuckard
Passaloecus sp.
Cyrene, I 9.
Cette 2 appartient au groupe de turionum s.s., mais ne semble se rattacher a
aucune des espéces européennes reconnues par Ribaut ; elle est caractérisée entre
autres par le ponctuation espacée du vertex.

Genre CROSSOCERUS Lepeletier et Brullé
Crossocerus elongatulus van der Linden
Schiaschiara, 12 3.
Comme ceux que j’ai signalés du Maroc, ces ¢ ont des dessins jaunes assez étendus
et la pilosité de la face inférieure des pattes 1 et du sternum est bien développée.

250 SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE

Crossocerus acanthophorus Kohl

Ras el Hilal, x 3.
Voir : de Beaumont 1959@

Genre LINDENIUS Lepeletier et Brullé

Lindenius hamilcar Kohl
Garian hills, 9 3, 2 9.

Lindenius difficillimus Kohl

Benghazi, 1 9.

Cette espéce a été basée sur une seule 2 d’Egypte, sur laquelle j’ai donné (19560)
quelques renseignements ; le spécimen de Cyrénaique parait trés voisin; sa taille
est un peu plus grande: 5 mm.

Genre OX YBELUS Latreille

Oxybelus lamellatus Olivier
Zuara, I g; Schiaschiara, 1 $; Bréga, viii, 1 9; Rommel’s Pool, 1 g, 1 9;
Wadi Derna, 2 3.

Oxybelus mucronatus moricei de Beaumont
Schiaschiara, 3 ¢.

Oxybelus dissectus Dahlbom

Leptis Magna, 3 9.

Ces 3 2 ne se rattachent pas du tout a la race foncée tingitanus que j’ai décrite
du Maroc et qui se retrouve en Algérie ; elles ont les dessins blancs trés développés,
comme chez les races eburneofasciatus Dahlbom ou elegans Mocsary ; sont en effet
blancs chez ces individus: tout le collare et les tubercules huméraux, 2 taches au
scutellum, les lamelles du postscutellum et une partie de l’espace entre elles, les
bords latéro-postérieurs du scutellum et du postscutellum, 2 grandes taches au
ler tergite, des bandes étroitement interrompues sur les tergites 2 et 3, continues
sur 4 et 5, d’assez grandes taches aux fémurs I et 2, une grande partie des tibias
et tarses I, de grandes taches a la base des tibias 2 et 3.

Oxybelus subspinosus Klug

Benghazi, I 3; Rommel’s Pool, 1 2; Bersis, 2 g¢; Barce, 3 ¢.

La @ a des dessins blancs bien développés, comprenant entre autres 2 taches au
scutellum, les lamelles du postscutellum et l’espace entre elles ; le dessin de l’'abdomen
est semblable a celui des dissectus décrits ci-dessus ; c’est l’individu le plus clair
que je connaisse de |’Afrique du nord.

SPHECIDAE (HYM.) RECOLTES EN TRIPOLITAINE ET EN CYRENAIQUE 251
TRAVAUX CITES

ALFIERI, A. 1946. Les espéces égyptiennes du genre Ammophila. Bull. Soc. Fouad ley Ent.
30 : 105-142.

BEAUMONT, J. DE. 1940. Les Tachysphex de la faune égyptienne. Ibid. 24 : 153-179.

1947. Nouvelle étude des Tachysphex de la faune égyptienne. Ibid. 31 : 141-216.

1950a. Résultats de l’expédition de l’Armstrong College a l’oasis de Siwa (désert libyque),

1935, sous la direction du professeur J. Omer-Cooper. Sphecidae. Ibid. 34 : 1-21.

—1950b. Sphecidae récoltés en Algérie et au Maroc par M. Kenneth M. Guichard. Bull.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent. 1 : 391-427.

1951. Specidae de l'Institut d’Entomologie de l'Université de Bologne. I. Nyssoninae.
Boll. Ist. Ent. Univ. Bologna, 18 : 305-318.

—— 1952. Contribution a l’étude des Cerceris nord-africains. Eos, 27 (1951) : 299-408.

— 1953. Notes sur quelques Sphecidae de la collection A. Costa. Ann. Ist. Mus. Zool. Univ.
Napoli, 5 (No. 10) : I-15.

—— 1955a. Synonymie de quatre genres de Sphecidae décrits par Gussakovskij. Mitt. schweiz.

ent. Ges. 28 : 222-223.

1955. Hyménoptéres récoltés par une mission suisse au Maroc (1947). Sphecidae 3.

Bull. Soc. Sc. nat. Maroc, 34 (1954) : 169-197.

1956a. Specidae récoltés en Libye et au Tibesti par M. Kenneth M. Guichard. Bull. Brit.

Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent. 4 : 165-215.

1956b. Notes sur les Lindenius paléarctiques. Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 29 : 145-185.

— 1958. Bembix turca Dahlb. et flavescens Sm. Rev. suisse Zool. 64 : 607-623.

— 1959a. Note sur deux Crossocerus (Hym. Sphecid. Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 32 : 317-322

19590. Le genre Laphyragogus Kohl (Hym. Sphecid.). Rev. suisse Zool. 66 : 723-734.

BEAUMONT, J. DE & ByTINSKI-SALz, H. 1955. The Sphecidae of Erez Israel. I. Bull. Research
Council Israel, 5 : 32-60.

GUSSAKOVSKIJ, V. 1952. Sur les Psammocharidae et Sphecidae du Tadjikistan (en russe).
Trav. Inst. Zool. Ac. Sc. URSS. 10 : 199-288.

Kou, F. F. 1901. Zur Kenntnis der palaarktischen Diodontus Arten. Verh. zool. bot. Ges.
Wien, 51 : 120-134.

Mocui, A. 1939. Revisione delle specie egiziane del Genere Stizus Latr. Bull. Soc. Fouad ler
Ent. 23 : 183-236.

PRIESNER, H. 1958. The egyptian species of the genus Bembyx F. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte,
42 : I-36.

Rotu, P. 1928. Les Ammophiles de L’Afrique du Nord. Amn. Soc. ent. France, 97 : 153-240.

VECHT, J. VAN DER. 1957. The Sphecoidea of the lesser Sunda Islands. I. Sphecinae. Verh.
Naturf. Ges. Basel 68 : 358-372.

ENTOM. 9, 3 20

ae fopRW Ts

4 “hh Hiker nal Pee: ab
{ 1) Ny PEK Fad 6h ae ae > qqrrsierr di
Eater rales RAR MRD i Sie Ah

Ek al | ; cLcnee Wines atari pen
MOC a val teh ho Le cet Aiko # eit a5? itt
| j A rime wyg. hte. 3h,

P ies mass toeh & Thea pL
sevien ce ee pHtayree +4 Liew a ld Sine

| es
tS - ' 7
5 cs ' %
ees ee
ha 1nby f .
= — ' im ‘eae Sat
eS ei cs hate vig

4 A Meie vena’ 1?

Aad re

THE AFRICAN SPECIES
OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE
(TRICHOPTERA, HYDROPSYCHIDAE),

AND

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF
SPECIES

DESCRIBED BY
A. E. EATON, R. McLACHLAN, AND F. WALKER

D. E. KIMMINS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 4
LONDON : 1960

A REVIEW OF THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE
GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE

(TRICHOPTERA, HYDROPSYCHIDAE),
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE OF
SOUTHERN AFRICA
AND

JHE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES
DESCRIBED BY A. E. EATON, R. McLACHLAN AND
F. WALKER, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THOSE
IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

BY
D. E. KIMMINS or bi

KM
Department of Entomology British Museum (Wht. Hist.)

Pp. 253-267 ; 76 Text-figures

Pp. 269-318 ; 65 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 4
LONDON : 1960

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 9, No. 4 of the Entomological
series.

© Trustees of the British Museum, 1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued July, 1960 Price Twenty Shillings

A REVIEW OF THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE
GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE
(TRICHOPTERA, HYDROPSYCHIDAE),

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE OF
SOUTHERN AFRICA

By D. E. KIMMINS

THE genus Cheumatopsyche already includes nearly twenty described species from the
African mainland (south of the Mediterranean region) and the recognition of some
of them has presented considerable difficulty. Two of the species have been described
from the female sex only and have been excluded from this review. Of the others,
figures of the male genitalia were originally given for most species, but in some cases
these figures (although adequate at the time of publication) are not now sufficiently
detailed for certain recognition of the species. Dr. Barnard, whose 1934 paper is
the basis of modern work on the Trichoptera of Southern Africa, figured the South
African species, but unfortunately these figures were not always drawn from the
specimen subsequently labelled Type. This has led to some confusion, especially
in the case of C. lateralis (Barnard), since his type-series has proved to contain two
distinct species. Barnard himself, in his 1940 paper, placed his lateralis as a synonym
of C. maculata (Mosely) and the specimen labelled Type confirms this. His figures
are however from examples which I consider to be conspecific with C. afra (Mosely)
and this has caused errors in identification by later workers.

I was led to investigate the taxonomy of the South African species by a request
from Dr. Marjorie Scott, of the University of Cape Town. She had found difficulty
in identifying her material with the aid of Barnard’s paper and offered to send me
material for verification. This material has proved both interesting and at the same
time rather baffling. On the basis of this and other material in the British Museum
certain conclusions have been reached but it would be optimistic to assume that
finality has been attained. Some species have been reduced to synonymy, because
at present it has not been possible to find satisfactory characters whereby to separate
them. This applies particularly to the forms which I am grouping together under the
name C. afra (Mosely). At first it seemed that there might be three or four species
involved but further investigation revealed intermediate forms. They have all
therefore been treated as a rather variable species. By so doing, a name is available
by which one can refer to them, with the possibility that further field work, particularly
on the larval forms, may provide evidence that C. afra is in fact an aggregate species.

ENTOM. 9, 4. 21

256 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE

When the status of the males is so uncertain, the identification of the females
becomes even more difficult. Denning (1943), when dealing with the North American
Hydropsychidae, has shown that specific characters can be found in the female
genitalia, in the shape of the eighth segment and particularly in the form of the
“ clasper-receptacle ”’ and “ clasper-groove’”’ on the ninth tergite. I am figuring
these structures for a number of forms, but in the absence of pairs taken in copula,
the association of females with males can only be provisional. In addition to the
above structures, it has been noticed that some forms have a curious reticulated
area (sometimes small) on the fourth pleurite of the female. It is present in the
females associated with triangularis and thomasseti and generally absent in the
possibly aggregate species afra (Mosely).

Field work may later provide a series of adults of both sexes, with evidence that
they have been bred from larvae which can be separated on structural or ecological
grounds. The time will then be ripe to re-open the study of the adults and to search
for characters by which they may be separated.

In this paper I have attempted to provide a key to the males of the African species
of Cheumatopsyche, and to figure the male genitalia of a number of the species.
Figures are also given of a few females, but here again the assistance of the field
worker is needed to provide definitely associated pairs.

In conclusion I should like to thank Dr. Marjorie Scott for providing me with
this material for study, and Dr. A. J. Hesse, of the South African Museum, for his
kindness in offering me on loan the types of Cheumatopsyche lateralis (Barnard)
and C. zuluensis (Barnard), and for allowing me to make preparations of the male
genitalia.

KEY TO MALES OF AFRICAN SPECIES OF Cheumatopsyche
(g of C. bimaculata and C. meruana unknown)
1. Tenth segment produced at centre of apical margin, or with lateral sbes: not ex-
tending beyond median lobe ‘ 2

- Tenth segment with lateral lobes enclosing a " rounded, triangular or aude
excision, central lobe (if present) not as long as lateral lobes

2. Lateral lobes forming short, upcurved hooks . ‘ ‘ , ‘ lesnet (Mosely)

(= uncata Kimmins)
- Lateral lobes bluntly rounded . ; ‘ : ‘ ‘ : : : 3
3 Median lobe broadly triangular (Text-fig. 2) ‘ ‘ ‘ triangularis (Ulmer)
— Median lobe narrower, more parallel-sided (Text-fig. 5) F j . trifida (Mosely)
4. Median excision short and narrow, clearly narrower than the rounded lateral lobes

copiosa Kimmins
— Median excision generally much wider than lateral lobes . ‘ : R ‘ 5
5. Lateral lobes forming slender fingers F : ‘ . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ 6
— Lateral lobes not forming slender fingers .
6. Finger-like processes of tenth segment slightly downcurved (Text-fig. a). Side-
pieces of ninth segment strong, situated in lower half . ; . digitata (Mosely)
— Finger-like processes of tenth segment in side-view wine a Side-pieces less de-
veloped, situated about midway . . ‘ ‘ leloupt Jacquemart
7. Lateral lobes with a small setose, apical branch on inner surface (Text-figs. 12-15).
Apical lobes of aedeagus outspread, with a wide excision between them (Text-
fig. 14) ‘ : ; ‘ ’ : : : , : . maculata (Mosely)
(= lateralis (Barnard))

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE 257

— Lateral lobes without any apical branch. Apical lobes of aedeagus not widely

outspread, nor with so wide an excision between them . 2 ; 8
8. Lateral lobes with a V-shaped excision between them (Ulmer’s figure) . plutonis (Banks)
-— Excision other than above ‘ 4 a A F 7 : 9
9g. Lateral lobes approximated apically i in dorsal view . ° : : : . 10
— Lateral lobes widely spread. : 4

1o. Lateral lobes enclosing a transverse, rounded excision, bent upwards | in side-view
diminuta (Walker) Ulmer

— Lateral lobes enclosing a triangular excision (Text-fig. 21) . F ; : II
11. Lateral lobes stout apically, toothed internally . : é : : lobata Marlier
— Lateral lobes not so stout apically nor toothed internally . ; . obscurata (Ulmer)
12. Terminal segment of clasper in ventral view irs asia! stout, scarcely
tapered. 13
— Terminal segment of clasper i in . ventral view more or less angled or sinuous, moder-
ately tapered. : afra (Mosely)

13. Lateral lobes of tenth segment in dorsal - view clavate apically (Text- figs. 29, 33) 14
— Lateral lobes of tenth segment in dorsal view slightly incurved, acute or rounded
apically (Text-fig. 25) . ; : i . : : ‘ . falcifera (Ulmer)
(= zuluensis (Barnard))
14. Lateral lobes shorter, basal segment of clasper about four times as long as terminal

(Text-figs. 29, 31) : : thomasseti (Ulmer)
— Lateral lobes longer, basal segment of clasper about five times as long as terminal
(Text-figs. 33, 35) , : : . . . ‘ ‘ : uvrema Mosely

Cheumatopsyche lesnei (Mosely)

Hydropsychodes lesnei Mosely, 1932, Mem. Estud. Mus. zool. Univ. Coimbra, (1) 64: 4, figs.
Cheumatopsyche uncata Kimmins, 1957, Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.), Ent. 6 : 11, figs. ; 1958,
op. cit., 6 : 250.

DISTRIBUTION. Mozambique, Uganda.

Cheumatopsyche triangularis (Ulmer)
(Text-figs. 1-4, 6, 9)
Hydropsychodes triangularis Ulmer, 1931, Désch. ent. Z. 1931 : 19, figs.

Closely allied to C. trifida (Mosely) but distinguishable in the male by the broader,
triangular median lobe of the tenth segment and the more rounded, ear-like lateral
lobes. The female provisionally associated with this species may be recognized by
the curious hairy lobes, possibly evertile, on each side of the ninth segment, and by
the form of the clasper receptacle. The apex of the aedeagus is broken in the holotype
$ and the figures in this paper have been drawn from a paratype.

DISTRIBUTION. Natal: Weenen, Estcourt, Keate’s Drift, National Park.

Cheumatopsyche trifida (Mosely)
(Text-figs. 5-6)
Hydropsychodes trifida Mosely, 1935, Ann. Mag. n. H. (10) 15 : 228.
Belgian Congo, Katanga, Biano (Type).
S. Rhodesia, Salisbury, light trap, x.1956, C. N. Smithers.

258 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE 259

Uganda, Ruwenzori Range, Bwamba Pass (west side), 5,500-7,500 ft., 1. xii. 1934-
31 .1.1935.

Distinguishable in the male from C. triangularis (Ulmer) by the narrower, more
parallel-sided median lobe of the tenth segment and the less rounded lateral lobes.
The type was in rather poor condition and additional figures are now given of the
genitalia of the Uganda male, which was determined by M. E. Mosely.

Cheumatopsyche copiosa Kimmins
1956, Entomologist, 89 : 196, figs.
DISTRIBUTION. Uganda, Gold Coast.

Cheumatopsyche digitata (Mosely)
(Text-figs. 7-11)
Hydropsychodes digitata Mosely, 1935, Ann. Mag. n. H. (10) 15 : 228.

In view of the comments made by Marlier (1943, Inst. Parcs nat. Congo Belge,
11:16) and by Jacquemart (1957, Inst. R. Sci. nat. Belg., Expl. Hydrobiol. Kivu,
Edouard et Albert, 3 (2) ; 94), I have re-examined the type of digitata and made new
figures from it. Jacquemart’s C. leloupi is undoubtedly closely related to digitata
(both being originally captured on Lake Kivu). In my original figure for Mosely’s
paper, the apex of the basal segment of the clasper is perhaps a little too dilated.
The terminal segment is concave on its outer surface (as in lelowpi). The digitate
process of the tenth segment is correctly shown as curving down, but in an example
from Uganda it more resembles the shape given for Jelowpi. The Uganda example
has the relative lengths of the lower process and dorsal projection of the tenth
tergite intermediate between digitata and leloufi. The “‘ median nodule”’ of the
aedeagus is incorrectly shown in the original figure and actually consists of two small
lobes.

Jacquemart mentions two spines at the apex of the terminal segment of the clasper.
These are not actually present in the only complete clasper of the type, but the bases

Fics. 1-4. Cheumatopsyche triangularis (Ulmer), ¢ genitalia of paratype. 1, lateral;
2, ninth and tenth tergites, dorsal; 3, apex of aedeagus, dorsal ; 4, right clasper, ventral.
Fics. 5-6. Cheumatopsyche trifida (Mosely), ¢ genitalia of example determined by Mosely.
5, ninth and tenth tergites, dorsal ; 6, apex of aedeagus, dorsal.
Fics. 7-10. Cheumatopsyche digitata (Mosely), 3 genitalia of type, aspects as in Text-figs.

I-4.
Fic. 11. Cheumatopsyche digitata (Mosely), 3, tenth segment, lateral, of example from
Uganda.
Fics. 12-15. Cheumatopsyche maculata (Mosely), 3 genitalia of type, aspects as Text-figs.
I-4.

Fics. 16-19. Cheumatopsyche maculata (Mosely), 3 genitalia of Ch. latey a lis (Barnard),
type, aspects as Text-figs. 1-4.

260 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE 261

of them can be seen. There is one other difference which has not been mentioned
by either Marlier or Jacquemart, namely that the side-piece of the ninth segment
is more prominent and situated more in the lower half of the segment than is shown
in Jacquemart’s figure. On the evidence of his figures I am inclined to consider
his species as distinct.

DISTRIBUTION. Belgian Congo, Uganda.

Cheumatopsyche leloupi Jacquemart
1957, Inst. R. Sci. nat, Belg., Expl. Hydrobiol. Kivu, Edouard et Albert, 3 (2) : 94, figs.

DISTRIBUTION. Belgian Congo.

Cheumatopsyche maculata (Mosely)
(Text-figs. 12-19)

Hydropsychodes maculata Mosely, May, 1934, Eos, 9 : 22, figs.
Hydropsychodes lateralis Barnard, July, 1934, Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 31 : 362.
Hydropsychodes maculata Barnard, 1940, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 32 : 653.

Barnard records Jateralis from numerous localities but unfortunately the paratypes
sent to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) consisted of two distinct species. Through
the kindness of Dr. A. J. Hesse, of the South African Museum, I have had an opportu-
nity of examining the specimen of Jateralis Barnard marked Type and of making
a preparation of the male genitalia. As a result, I am able to confirm that this type
is indeed a synonym of maculata Mosely, as suggested by Barnard in 1940. The
type of lateralis is from Table Mt. slopes, Camp Bay, 3.ix.1933, K. H. Barnard,
the first locality cited. His figures are however from Groot Drakenstein and Ceres
examples and do not give a satisfactory interpretation of the species as defined
by the type. They are, I believe, examples of the species Ch. afra (Mosely). The
type is characterized by a small, setose finger on the inner apical margin of the lateral
lobe of the tenth tergite and by the widely-spread apices of the aedeagus. One of
the two paratypes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) is conspecific with the type.

From the limited material at my disposal, the distribution of this species is South
Africa, Table Mt., Pniel, and Stellenbosch.

Fics. 20-23. Cheumatopsyche obscurata (Ulmer), $ genitalia of type. 20, lateral; 21, ninth
and tenth tergites, dorsal ; 22, apex of aedeagus, dorsal ; 23, right clasper, ventral.
Fics. 24-27. Cheumatopsyche falcifera (Ulmer), 3 genitalia of Ch. zuluensis (Barnard), type,
aspects as Text-figs. 20-23.

Fics. 28-31. Cheumatopsyche thomasseti (Ulmer), ¢ genitalia of paratype, aspects
as Text-figs. 20-23.

Fics. 32-35. Cheumatopsyche urema Mosely, ¢ genitalia of type, aspects as Text-figs.
20-23.

262 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE

Fics. 36-51. Cheumatopsyche afra (Mosely), ¢ genitalia, lateral ; ninth and tenth tergites,
and apex of aedeagus, dorsal; and right clasper, ventral, of examples from various
localities. 36-39, Natal, National Park; Mar. 1932; 40-43, Type, Sierra Leone ;
44-47, Lake Tanganyika; 48-51, S. Africa, Berg River.

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE 263

Cheumatopsyche plutonis (Banks)

Symphitopsyche plutonis Banks, Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 39 : 239, figs.
Hydropsychodes plutonis (Banks), Ulmer, 1930, Ann. Mag. n. H. (10) 6: 488 figs.

DISTRIBUTION. Abyssinia.

Cheumatopsyche diminuta (Walker), Ulmer

Hydropsyche diminuta Walker, 1853, Cat. Neur. Ins. B. M. : 115.
Hydropsychodes diminuta (Walker), Ulmer, 1931, Dtsch. ent. Z. 1931 : 16, figs.

DISTRIBUTION. W. Africa.

Cheumatopsyche lobata Marlier
1943, Expl. Parc nat. Albert, 44 : 10, figs.
DISTRIBUTION. Belgian Congo.

Cheumatopsyche obscurata (Ulmer)
(Text-figs. 20-23)
Hydropsychodes obscurata Ulmer, 1930, Ann. Mag. n. H. (10) 6: 485, figs.

New figures are given of the male genitalia of the type.
DISTRIBUTION. Abyssinia.

Cheumatopsyche falcifera (Ulmer)
(Text-figs. 24-27)

Hydropsychodes falcifera Ulmer, 1930, Ann. Mag. n. H. (10) 6: 482, figs.
Hydropsychodes zuluensis Barnard, 1934, Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 21 : 360, figs. Syn. Nov.
Cheumatopsyche falcifera Kimmins, 1957, Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Ent. 6: 10, figs.

Examination of the type of zuluensis (again through the kindness of Dr. Hesse)
confirms the suggestion that I made in 1957 that this species was not distinct from
C. falcifera (Ulmer). There are slight differences but not, in my opinion, sufficient
to justify the separation of the South African forms. Barnard suggests that zuluensis
might be a variety of thomasseti, but examination of the type does not confirm this.

DISTRIBUTION. Abyssinia, Uganda and S. Africa.

Cheumatopsyche thomasseti (Ulmer)
(Text-figs. 28-31, 70-74)
Hydropsychodes thomasseti Ulmer, 1931, Dtsch. ent. Z. 1931 : 18, figs.

The widely excised apical margin of the tenth tergite and the clavate and upturned
apices of the lateral lobes, the comparatively straight and stout terminal segments

264 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE

Fics. 52-67. Cheumatopsyche afra (Mosely), ¢ genitalia, lateral; ninth and tenth tergites
and apex of aedeagus, dorsal; and right clasper, ventral, of examples from various
localities. 52-55, Ch. lateralis (Barnard), paratype; 56-59, S. Africa, Berg River,
Tulbagh Barrage; 60-63, Natal, National Park; 64-67, Natal, NGobevu.

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE 265

of the claspers seen in ventral view are fairly characteristic of this species. The
holotype male lacks the apices of the claspers and the figures have therefore been
drawn from a paratype, which in other respects resembles the type. Text-fig. 71
is from a female, bred from a larva of the type which produced an undoubted male

Fics. 68-71. Cheumatopsyche spp., female genitalia. 68, Ch. ?triangularis (Ulmer),
Natal, Keate’s Drift, lateral; 69, the same, ventral; 70, Ch. ?thomasseti (Ulmer),
Natal, Jameson’s Drift, lateral; 71, Ch. thomasseti (Ulmer), S. Africa, Berg River,
lateral.

thomasseti. Text-fig. 70 is from a female taken with male thomasseti but not definitely
associated.

C. urema Mosely (Kenya) is closely allied to C. thomasseti but may be distinguished
by the relatively longer basal segment of the clasper. This character shows some
variation in thomasseti and uwrema may prove to be synonymous with it.

DISTRIBUTION. Natal, Cape Province.

266 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE

Cheumatopsyche afra (Mosely)
(Text-figs. 36-67, 72~76)

Hydropsychodes afra Mosely, 1935, Ann. Mag. n. H. (10) 15 : 2209, figs.
Hydropsychodes lateralis Barnard, (partim), 1934, Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 21 : 432-35, figs.

Much time has been spent in considering the examples now included in this species.
At first there seemed to be several closely-allied species involved, but as more material
was examined, the differences between them became less defined and it now seems
probable that we are dealing with a fairly widespread, variable species. Indeed,
this was Barnard’s view and had it not been for the unfortunate choice of the Table

Fics. 72-76. Cheumatopsyche ?afra (Mosely), 2 genitalia, lateral, of examples from
various localities. 72, Natal, National Park; 73, Natal, National Park; 74, S. Africa,
Berg River; 75, S. Africa, Berg River; 76, Natal, Weenen.

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHEUMATOPSYCHE 267

Mountain specimen as the TyPE of lateralis, the present species would have continued
to be known as lateralis, with afra Mosely in synonymy.

I have seen no more examples from the type locality of afra (Sierra Leone), but
examples from Lake Tanganyika, S. Rhodesia, Natal and S. Africa are considered
to be this species. The S. African and Natal specimens represent part of Barnard’s
lateralis.

Figures are given of the male genitalia of a number of examples from various
localities to indicate the degree of variation. The species is characterized by the
rather short, blunt lateral lobes of the tenth tergite, separated by a wide excision,
the lobes of the aedeagus not widely outspread and the terminal segment of the
clasper more or less strongly angled or sinuous in ventral view. Five forms of female
genitalia are also figured. The female (Text-fig. 72) is from the same locality as the
male of Text-figs. 36-39, but the narrower clasper receptacle of Text-fig. 73 would
appear to be a more suitable fit for the clasper of the male of Text-figs. 36-39.
Text-fig. 73 is however almost certainly associated with the male of Text-figs.
48-51, and was bred from a larva with an asymmetrically incised clypeus.

9 atl at
Crt, ‘pelea
rN}, Peg Ln Ase at
f | an ,
Ey A ape Cle hs ee, utheka te

F "I pie oon

\ vie on !

fe eal hes, Pili he Plait, Fain tech ORL Pas ee
py ; i ; yi

Par a See Pay 7 MA at? ae if ve
; VL a Re OW J Rr a i Y rts Nt, ‘, Wy Vay “hy t
i h ; i) P ‘s _s f i }
i ; Paha OUT R R rc ae, | abe
5 5

" : rr t ‘ 2 et t <A wi oP) eb aes i ah a “ ¥ As ;

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

DESCRIBED BY A. E. EATON, R. McLACHLAN AND
F. WALKER, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THOSE
IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

By D. E. KIMMINS

SoME years ago I prepared a paper on the lectotypes of Trichoptera from the McLach-
lan collection and in the present work it is proposed to deal in a somewhat similar
manner with the types of the Ephemeroptera described by the Rev. A. E. Eaton,
R. McLachlan and F. Walker. The acquisition by the British Museum (Nat. Hist.)
of the McLachlan collection in 1938 augmented considerably the number of our
Ephemeroptera type-specimens. McLachlan did not describe many Ephemeroptera
himself, but made his collection available to Eaton, who in return gave much of
his own material to the McLachlan collection. Thus the latter was very rich in
Eaton types, many of which had been for many years almost inaccessible to specialists.
It is a curious fact, however, that in spite of the richness of the collection McLachlan
seemed to take comparatively little interest in this group. In many cases Eaton’s
type-specimens bore no type-labels and were only rediscovered after very careful
search. The types of some species are still missing and must be presumed lost or
destroyed.

As with the Trichoptera, standard British Museum type-labels, as used in the
Entomological Department—a circular label with the word “ Type” encircled with
a red ring (or green for Walker types)—have been added to all types recognized,
and to types designated in this paper my own label ‘‘ LEcToTyPE (or LECTOALLO-
TYPE), D. E. Kimmins det.” with date has been added. Specimens from the McLach-
lan collection mostly bear a printed label on blue paper, giving the name over which
they stood in the McLachlan collection, and all have a printed B.M. Registration
number label, also on blue paper “‘ McLachlan Coll., B.M. 1938-674’. In the present
work, to save space, only the register number is quoted.

The genera and species are arranged alphabetically in families, the present com-
bination of genus and species being used, but the original combination is also given
in its alphabetical position, with a reference to its present generic placing. Advantage
has been taken of this paper to give figures of genitalia, etc., of a number of species,
which it is hoped will make their recognition easier for other workers. References
are also given to published figures of genitalia of other species.

Dr. H. T. Spieth visited this museum in 1939 and studied the types of the North
American species described by Walker and Eaton and his results were published
in 1940-41. References are given to these and to other published type-designations

ENTOM. 9, 4. 22

270 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

and in the case of types not in the British Museum, an indication is given of their
known or presumed location.

In conclusion I should like to express my thanks to the various workers who have
answered my enquiries as to the location of types stated to be in their museums.

Family SIPHLONURIDAE

Ameletus dissitus Eaton, 1885, p. 210, pl. 44, fig. 22.
LECTOTYPE g. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 91. Male genitalia re-figured by
McDunnough, 1929, p. 176, fig. II.

Ameletus exquisitus Eaton, 1885, p. 212, pl. 44, fig. 24.
LECTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 91, fig. 8.

Ameletus inopinatus Eaton, 1887, p. 307, pl. 65, fig. 14.

LECTOTYPE 9. Schwarzwald, Feldbergsee, 4,000-5,000 ft., 29.vii.1885. B.M.
1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE ¢g. Lac de Retourna, Vosges, 23.vii.1883. B.M.
1938-674. Male genitalia re-figured by Kimmins, 1942a, p. 43, fig. 24. The female
has been selected as the lectotype because Eaton’s description is based upon that
sex and its locality is listed first.

Ameletus perscitus Eaton. See Ameletopsis.

Ameletus subnotatus Eaton, 1885, p. 211, pl. 64, fig. 23.

LECTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 92, fig. 7. LECTOALLOTYPE 9.
Colorado. B.M. 1938-674. Ameletus subnotatus Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.

Ameletopsis perscitus (Eaton), 1899, p. 291 (as Ameletus).
HototyPeE 9. No. 26. Wellington, Hudson. Ameletus perscitus, sp. nov., in
Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.

Chirotonetes intermedius Eaton. See Isonychia.
Chirotonetes ornatus Eaton. See Nesameletus.

Dipteromimus tipuliformis McLachlan, 1875, p. 170.
HoLotyPE ¢ in Leiden Museum.

Metamonius anceps Eaton, 1885, p. 209, pl. 20, fig. 340.
(Text-fig. 1)

LectoTyPE ¢. Chili, Reed. B.M. 1938-674. Metamonius anceps Etn., det.
A. E. Eaton. The female imago has been described by Demoulin, 1955, p. 2 and
the ALLoTYPE should therefore be selected from one of the examples in the Institut
Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique.

Nesameletus ornatus (Eaton), 1883, pl. 19, fig. 33¢; 1885, p. 208; 1888, p. 321
(as ? Chirotonetes).

The types of this species, from Christchurch, New Zealand, collected by Wakefield,
have not been traced in the McLachlan collection. A comment by Eaton, 1888, p.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 271

321, “ Described and illustrated by me in 1876 after specimens at that time in the
M’Lachlan Mus.”, suggests that even in 1888 there was some doubt whether the
original specimens were still in existence. In 1899, p. 291, Eaton again refers to
this species, giving as additional locality, ‘‘ Wellington (Hudson, no. 42)”, and
three examples bearing this number have been found in the McLachlan collection,
one female imago, one male and one female subimagines.

It is proposed therefore to designate the female imago from Wellington as NEOTYPE
of Nesameletus ornatus (Eaton). It bears the following labels, No. 42. Wellington,

1 2

Fics. 1-2. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of 1, Metamonius anceps Eaton, paratype; 2, Oniscigaster
wakefieldi McLachlan, example from Wakefield collection. (Scale = 0-2 mm.)

Hudson. B.M. 1938-674. Ameletus ornatus Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. This neotype
is located in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.).

Oniscigaster distans Eaton, 1899, p. 293, pl. 10, figs. 60, c.

LEcTOTYPE 9. No. 34. Wainuiomata R., N.Z., Hudson. Omiscigaster distans
sp. nov., in Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. There are also a paratype female
(No. 34b) and a paratype male subimago (No. 34). The paratype female is smaller
than the lectotype.

Oniscigaster intermedius Eaton, 1899, p. 292, pl. 10, fig. 6a.

HototyPe 9. No.34a. Mt. Arthur, N.Z., Hudson. Oniscigaster intermedius Etn.,
in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. It may be pointed out that in the original
description the locality was erroneously printed as M’Arthur.

262 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Oniscigaster wakefieldi McLachlan, 1873, p. 110; 1874, p. 140.
(Text-fig. 2)

LECTOTYPE 2. McL. type-label (pink). No. 20. Christchurch, N.Z., Wakefield.
Oniscigaster wakefieldi McL., in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.

Siphlonurus aestivalis (Eaton), 1903, p. 30 (as Siphlurus).
(Text-fig. 3)

LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Sordim, ro.viii.o2 (on round label),
in Eaton’s writing. Siphlurus aestivalis, Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. Siphlurus
aestivalis Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. LEcTOALLOTYPE 9. Locality label as above.
B.M. 1938-674. Siphlurus aestivalis Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. New figures are
given of the genitalia, drawn from a paratype male.

Siphlonurus annulatus (Walker), 1853, p. 567 (as Baétis).

HoLotyPeE g. Discussed by Spieth, 1940, p. 332. Male genitalia figured by
Traver, 1935, p. 464, fig. 123. This species is now considered a synonym of Siphlonurus
alternatus (Say).

Siphlonurus armatus Eaton, 1870, p. 7.

LECTOTYPE g. Kerry: lakes of Killarney, 1861, P. Bouchard. McLachlan’s
register number, 2/62. Szphlurus armatus Etn., in McLachlan’s writing. B.M.
1938-674. The type is in rather poor condition, legs almost entirely missing,
genitalia mounted as a preparation, attached to the pin. Male genitalia figured by
Kimmins, 19424, p. 42, fig. 23A.

Siphlonurus binotatus (Eaton), 1892, p. 302 (as Siphlurus).
(Text-fig. 4)

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Japan, Pryer. Siphlurus binotatus Ein.
in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Labels as for male.
The apex of the abdomen of the male has been cleared in caustic potash solution
and preserved in a small tube of glycerine. Uéno, 1931, p. 206, has given a figure
of the male genitalia of this species, but in his specimen the penis-lobes appear
to have been distorted or damaged and the projection at the base of the forceps is
too acute. I am therefore offering new figures, made from the lectotype male.

Siphlonurus lacustris Eaton, 1870, p. 7.
HoLotyPe 3g. Wales, Llyn Llydaw, vit.1868. Siphlurus lacustris 3. This speci- +

men is preserved in a glycerine-alcohol mixture and is much discoloured. One penis-

lobe has been mounted as a microscope preparation. The foregoing data are in

Eaton’s writing on the cork of the tube. Male genitalia figured by Kimmins, 1942a,

p- 41, fig. 22.

Siphlonurus linnaeanus Eaton, 1871, p. 127, pl. 6, figs. 3, 3a.

HoLotyPE ¢ in Linnaean collection, Linnean Society, London. Male genitalia
figured by Kimmins, 19424, p. 42, fig. 23L.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 273

Siphlonurus mirus (Eaton), 1885, p. 221 (as Siphlurus).
HoLotyPeE 92 in Mus. comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

Siphlonurus occidentalis (Eaton), 1888, p. 218, pl. 64, fig. 62 (as Szphlurus).

LECTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 92. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Colorado.
B.M. 1938-674. Siphlurus occidentalis Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. Male genitalia
figured by Traver, 1935, p. 464, fig. 122.

Fics. 3-4. ¢ Genitalia, ventral (with penis-lobes more enlarged) of 3, Siphlonurus aestivalis
(Eaton), paratype; 4, Siphlonurus binotatus (Eaton), type. (Scale = 0-5 mm.)

274 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Siphlonurus typicus (Eaton), 1885, p. 222 (as Siphlurus),.

LECTOTYPE g. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 93. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Denham,
Mass. B.M. 1938-674. Siphlurus typicus Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. Male genitalia
figured by Traver, 1935, p. 464, fig. 122 (as berenice),

Family ISONYCHIIDAE

Coloburiscus haleuticus (Eaton), 1871, p. 133, pl. 7, figs. 7, 7a.

HoLotyPE ¢ in National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne (Nat. Mus. Type
Registration No. 471). Mr. A. Neboiss kindly supplied me with this information
and writes that it “ is in quite good condition, genitalia appear to be perfect.”
Coloburiscus humeralis (Walker), 1853, p. 552 (as Palingenia).

The HoLotyPE is a female, lacking one fore wing.

Coloburiscus remotus (Walker), 1853, p. 564 (as Baétis).

The TYPE is missing in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Eaton, 1871, 1885,
placed this species in the synonymy of Coloburiscus humeralis (Walker) and one
presumes that he may therefore at some time have examined the type. On the other
hand, our Departmental copy of Walker’s list, 1853, has been annotated in Eaton’s
handwriting and against Baétis remota is the comment ‘‘ Unrepresented’’.

Isonychia bicolor (Walker), 1853, p. 552 (as Palingenia).

HoLotyPe is a female subimago, which was studied by Spieth, 1940, p. 326.
Isonychia ignota (Walker), 1853, p. 571 (as Baétis).

(Text-fig. 5)

HoLotypeE ¢. No locality label. Baétis? ignota Walker, Type, in Eaton’s writing.
Isonychia intermedia (Eaton), 1885, p. 207 (as Chirotonetes).

HoLotyPeE g. Studied by Spieth, 1941, p. 93, fig. 2.
Isonychia manca Eaton, 1871, p. 134 (partim).

LECTOTYPE 9. Designated by Spieth, 1941, pp. 93-94.

Family OLIGONEURIIDAE
Elassoneuria candida Eaton, 1913, p. 272.
(Text-fig. 8)

Ho.otyPe 9. S. Nigeria, Ilesha, L. E. H. Humfrey. 1911-57. Elassoneuria
candida sp. nov., in Eaton’s writing. The right pair of wings was mounted in Canada
balsam by Eaton. The apex of the abdomen has since been removed, cleared in
caustic potash solution and preserved in glycerine. The ventral plate is produced

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 275

in two acute points, separated by a wide, rounded excision. This species has been
synonymized with Elassoneuria trimeniana (McLachlan), but a comparison of the
ventral plates of the two types shows slight differences, and in trimeniana the lateral
processes of the sternite are about twice as long as the ventral plate. Examples of

Fics. 5-8. 5-6, $ Genitalia, ventral (with penis-lobes, dorsal and more enlarged) of
5, Isonychia ignota (Walker), type ; 6, Noya pallipes (Eaton), paratype ; 7-8, 9 ventral
plate of 7, Elassoneuria trimeniana (McLachlan), type; 8, Elassoneuria candida
Eaton, type. (Scale = 0-5 mm.)

candida from Uganda show some variation in the relative length of the lateral
processes, but none are as long as in the type of trimeniana.

Elassoneuria trimeniana (McLachlan), 1868, p. 177 (as Oligoneuria).
(Text-fig. 7)

HoLotyPe 2. Natal, Umvoti District, Mapumulo Mission Station, 3rd March,
1867, at light. Oligoneuria trimeniana M’Lach. Type, in McLachlan’s writing.
B.M. 1938-674. The apex of the abdomen has been removed, cleared in caustic
potash solution and is preserved in a small tube of glycerine.

276 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Homoeoneuria salviniae Eaton, 1881, p. 192.

LectotyPE 2. McL. type-label (purple). Dueifias, 4,950 [? feet]. Salvin. Homoeo-
neuria salviniae Etn., in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. Homoeoneuria
salviniae Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.

Lachlania lucida Eaton, 1883, p. 35, pl. 3, fig. 5.

HoLotyPE 3, ALLOTYPE ? probably in the Paris Museum. Two female paratypes
in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.).

Noya pallipes (Eaton), 1883, p. 34 (as Spaniophlebia).
Lectotype g. Ecuador. B.M. 1938-674. Spaniophlebia pallipes Etn., det.

A. E, Eaton. Figures of the male genitalia have been made from the only male
paratype still retaining an abdomen.

Oligoneuria dobbsi Eaton. See Oligoneuriopsis.
Oligoneuria trimeniana McLachlan. See Elassoneuria.

Oligoneuriopsis dobbsi (Eaton), 1912, p. 243 (as Oligoneuria).
(Text-figs. 9-10)

HoLotyPE 2. British East Africa, Sotik Post, Lumbwa District, } mile from
R. Nyangoria, 6,000 ft., 22.viii.tg11. C. M. Dobbs. 1913-40. Oligoneuria dobbsi
Ein. Type, in Eaton’s writing.

In 1924, Ulmer (p. 31) transferred this species to Oligoneuriella, with which genus
the venation agrees well. There is however in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.)
a male which I believe to be conspecific with dobbsi Eaton, and this has four-segmented
forceps, thus differing from Oligoneuriella and resembling Oligoneuriopsis Crass,
to which genus I now transfer it. Whilst dealing with Eaton’s type, it may be
pointed out that the minute fork shown at the apex of M in Eaton’s figure is incorrect,
the supposed anterior branch being merely an accidental fold in the membrane
of the wing.

ALLOTYPE g. Brit. E. Africa, Lumbwa District, Ainap Kororik, 10 miles from
Kericho, about 6,500 ft., 7. vi.1915, C. M. Dobbs. 1915-280. Abdomen in glycerine,
one pair of wings mounted on microscope slide.

Smaller and paler than holotype. Anterior leg fuscous as far as two basal tarsal
segments, apex of tarsus creamy white. Median and posterior femora pale tawny,
tibiae creamy white except at base, which is pale fuscous, tarsi whitish, two basal
segments pale fuscous. Thorax light brown with whitish sutures. Abdomen pale
fuscous, setae and forceps whitish.

Forceps-base short and broad, produced between the forceps in a short transverse
lobe. Penis-lobes large, triangular, rather complex. In ventral view the outer
margin, which is more sclerotized, is rather sinuous and there is a median claw-
shaped process directed inwards. Apex of penis-lobe bent inward and clavate,
and from the end of it can be extruded a membranous structure, as shown on the

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 297

left side of the figure. Forceps four-segmented, very lightly sclerotized, basal segment
more than three times as long as remaining segments together.
Length of fore wing, 18 mm.

Spaniophlebia pallipes Eaton. See Noya.

Spaniophlebia trailiae Eaton, 1881, p. Igl.

LectoTyPE g. McL. type-label (purple). Sad Paulo, 26.xi.74, light. Spanto-
phlebia trailiae Etn., in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. Two examples (date

Fics. 9-10. Oligoneuriopsis dobbsi (Eaton), J allotype. 9, wings (scale = 5 mm.) ; 10, genitalia,
ventral (scale = 0-5 mm.).

as above) of the type series remained in the McLachlan collection. Both had been
hollowed out by the attacks of cabinet pests and one had lost the apex of the abdomen
completely. The other, designated Lectotype, had had most of the genitalia
devoured, and as the apex of the abdomen was very fragile and loose, it has been
removed and placed in a small tube of glycerine for greater safety.

Family HEPTAGENIIDAE

Atopopus tarsalis Eaton, 1881, p. 22.
(Text-fig. 11)

LecToTyPE ¢. Labuan. B.M. 1938-674. Atopopus tarsalis Etn., det. A. E.
Eaton. The lectotype lacks its setae and the paratype its head.

278 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES
Bleptus fasciatus Eaton, 1885, p. 243, pl. 65, fig. 1.
(Text-fig. 12)

HOLotTyPeE g. Japan, Yagohara, 29.vii.1881, G. Lewis. B.M. 1938-674. Bleptus
fasciatus Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.

Cinygma geminatum Eaton. See Ironodes.

Cinygma integrum Eaton, 1885, p. 248, pl. 65, fig. 4.

LECTOTYPE g. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 88. Male genitalia figured by
McDunnough, 1926, pl. 3, fig. 10. Re-examination of the preparation of the male

WW,

Py org

11 12

Fics. 11-12. 4 Genitalia, ventral, of 11, Atopopus tarsalis Eaton, type; 12, Bleptus
fasciatus Eaton, type. (Scale = o-2 mm.)

paratype referred to by Spieth confirms that there are small teeth on the lobes of
the penis.

Cinygma mimus Eaton. See Cinygmula.
Cinygma par Eaton. See Cinygmula.

Cinygmula mimus (Eaton), 1885, p. 249 (as Cinygma).

LECTOTYPE g. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 89. Male genitalia figured by
McDunnough, 1924, pl. 3, fig. 7.

Cinygmula par (Eaton), 1885, p. 249, pl. 65, fig. 5 (as Cinygma).
LECTOTYPE 3. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 89, fig. 4.
Compsoneuria spectabilis Eaton, 1881, p. 23.
TYPE not traced in Leiden Museum (Lieftinck, i. 1., x.1958).

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 279
Ecdyurus affinis Eaton. See Heptagenia.
Ecdyurus spp. See Ecdyonurus.

Ecdyonurus annulifer (Walker), 1860, p. 199, (as Palingenta).
HoLotyPe 2. Hindostan. Saunders, 68-3. annulifera WIk.

Ecdyonurus helveticus (Eaton), 1883, pl. 24, fig. 46a ; 1887, p. 282 (as Ecdyurus).

LECTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Kimmins, 1942, p. 125. Male genitalia figured by
Kimmins, 1958, p. 230, figs. 10-12.

Ecdyonurus insignis (Eaton), 1870, p. 7 (as Heptagenia).

I have found no imagines of this species labelled “ insignis” in the McLachlan
collection which bore dates earlier than 1870. There is one subimago in the British
Museum (Nat. Hist.), which would qualify as regards date and locality, were it
not for the fact that the original description makes no mention of the subimaginal
stage. This specimen is in glycerine and alcohol and the cork of the tube is labelled
“ Heptagenia insignis 3 Sub., Reading, v1.68. B. montana Hg. Syn.”

There are, however, two pinned examples in the McLachlan collection, one of
which might be considered in the search for the type. This is a male imago which
was in his British collection. It bears no locality data, only a small, round label
inscribed (probably by McLachlan) “ montan. Eaton”’. It seems likely that he
received examples from Eaton determined as Baétis montana Hagen (nec Pictet),
which were part of the series subsequently described as Heptagenia insignis Eaton
(with Baétis montana Hagen as synonym).

On these grounds I have decided to designate this McLachlan pinned example
as LEcTOTYPE of Heptagenia insignis Eaton.

LECTOTYPE ¢. montan. Eaton in McLachlan’s writing?. B.M. 1938-674.

The other possibility is a female imago from Burton-on-Trent district (the Trent
being one of the rivers mentioned in the original description) and I have selected
this example as the ALLOTYPE.

LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Staffs: Neighbourhood of Burton-on-Trent, mid.-Aug.,
1869. R. McLachlan. B.M. 1938-674. Male genitalia figured by Kimmins, 19420,
p. 502, fig. 8.

Ecdyonurus italicus (Eaton), 1883, pl. 24, fig. 46c (as Ecdyurus).

LECTOTYPE g. Designated by Kimmins, 1942, p. 125. Male genitalia figured
by Kimmins, 1958, p. 230, figs. 13-15. This species is now considered a synonym
of Ecdyonurus helveticus (Eaton).

Ecdyonurus quaesitor (Eaton), 1883, pl. 24, fig. 46 ; 1887, p. 286 (as variety of
Ecdyurus venosus (Fabricius)).

I have been unable to trace any examples of this insect in McLachlan’s collection,
where most of Eaton’s material was deposited. All I could discover was a large
male E. dispar from the Pyrénées Orientales, over a label in Eaton’s writing
“ Ecdyurus longicauda v. quaesitor’’. Apart from the fact that the specimen is not

280 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

from the type locality, the pattern of the abdomen does not agree with the description,
the lateral abdominal stripes being weak and obscure. The only Apennine specimens
of Ecdyonurus in the McLachlan collection at the time of its purchase by the British
Museum (Nat. Hist.) were over the label forcipula Pictet and were a mixture of
that species and E. helveticus (Eaton). The Type must therefore be presumed lost.

Ecdyonurus zelleri (Eaton), 1883, p. 239; 1887, p. 286 (as Ecdyurus).

LECTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Kimmins, 1942, p. 219. Male genitalia figured by
Kimmins, 1958, p. 232, figs. 20-23.

The genus EPEORUS

Of the four European species described by Eaton, E. alpicola is clearly distinct
from the other three in the form of the male genitalia. The penis-lobes are much
less outspread and are only a little wider than the stem of the penis. In ventral
view the membranous central area between the sclerites is much wider, and apically
does not diverge in narrow arms. The other three species, assimilis, torrentium
and geminus are closely related in genital structure. In assimilis, there is generally
a small projection on the inner margin of the forceps towards the base and the penis-
lobes are perhaps stouter and less out-turned. In forrentium, there is usually a small
tooth on the apical margin of the forceps-base, near the base of each forceps. The
penis-lobes are more outspread and narrower than in assimilis. In geminus (=
sylvicola Ed.-Pictet), the penis-lobes are still narrower than in torrentiwm, there
may be a small process toward the base of the forceps but none on the forceps-
base itself.

It will be seen from the figures that these differences are not very evident and tend
to intergrade and it may be necessary in the future to consider all three as synonymous
or as subspecies. Further study in the field and of larvae is needed to settle these
points.

Epeorus alpicola (Eaton), 1871, p. 148, pl. 6, fig. 19 (as Heptagenia).
(Text-fig. 13)
HoLotyrPe ¢ (in fluid). France, Les Contamines, 24.vii.1870. A. E. Eaton.
1871I-II.
Epeorus assimilis Eaton, 1886, p. 239.
(Text-fig. 14)
LECTOTYPE ¢. Schwarzwald, 30.vii.1885. B.M. 1938-674. Epeorus assimilis
Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.
Epeorus geminus Eaton, 1885, p. 238.
(Text-fig. 16)

LEcTOTYPE 4g. Estrella, 4,242 ft., 7.vi.1880. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. B.M.
1938-674. Epeorus geminus Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. This species is now considered
a synonym of Epeorus sylvicola (Ed.-Pictet).

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 281

13

15 16

Fics. 13-16. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of Epeorus spp. 13, E. alpicola (Eaton), type; 14,
E. assimilis Eaton, paratype; 15, E. torrentium Eaton, paratype; 16, E. geminus
Eaton, paratype. (Scale = o-5 mm.)

282 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Epeorus psi Eaton, 1885, p. 242.
HoLotyPE 4. In spirit, Mus. comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass.

Epeorus torrentium Eaton, 1881, p. 26.
(Text-fig. 15)
LEcTOTYPE ¢. France, Tarascon, 25.viii.1880. B.M. 1938-674. Epeorus
torrentium Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.

Heptagenia affinis (Eaton), 1883, pl. 24, fig. 46a; 1887, p. 293 (as Ecdyurus).
LEcTOTYPE §. Netherlands, Eaton, 1879. Arnhem, 26.viii.1879. Reuter,
No. 2. B.M. 1938-674. Ecdyurus affinis Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.

Heptagenia alpicola Eaton. See Epeorus.
Heptagenia borealis Eaton. See Metretopus (Ametropodidae).
Heptagenia cupulata Eaton. See Paegniodes.

Heptagenia elegantula (Eaton), 1885, p. 253 (as Rhithrogena).

HoLotyPe not traced but probably in Mus. comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass. (W. L.
Brown, Jr., i. 1., 23.x.1958). Two paratypes from Arizona in British Museum
(Nat. Hist.).

Heptagenia gallica Eaton, 1883, pl. 23, fig. 45 ; 1885, p. 272.

LEcTOTYPE §. Toulouse, A. E. Eaton. 3.ix.80. B.M. 1938-674. Heptagenia
gallica Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. LEcCTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as above except date,
17.viii.80. This species is now considered a synonym of Heptagenia caerulans.
Rostock.

Heptagenia insignis Eaton. See Ecdyonurus.

Heptagenia manifesta (Eaton), 1885, p. 253 (as Rhithrogena).

This name was proposed by Eaton for Baétis debilis Walsh, 1862, nec Walker,
1853. Walsh’s collection was destroyed by fire in Chicago in 1871 and the species
has not since been recognized.

Heptagenia nivata Eaton. See Rhithrogena.

Heptagenia volitans Eaton, 1870, p. 7.

LEcTOTYPE g. Of the original series I have been able to trace only one male,
presented to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) in 1868. This is preserved in glycerine
and is labelled as follows: Reading, 23.v.68. 68-124. Heptagenia volitans. Male
genitalia figured by Kimmins 19422, p. 46, fig. 27F (as H. fuscogrisea) with which
species it is now considered synonymous.

Iron longimanus Eaton, 1883, pls. 23-24, fig. 44; 1885, p. 245; 1887, pl. 65,
fig. 2.

LECTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 88. Male genitalia figured by

Traver, 1935, p. 399, fig. 105.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 283
Tron nitidus Eaton. See Ironodes.
Iron vitrea (Walker), 1853, p. 555 (as Palingenia).
HoLotyPeE 9 (subimago). Discussed by Spieth, 1940, p. 330.
Ironodes geminatus (Eaton), 1885, p. 250 (as Cinygma).
LEcTOTYPE 2. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. go.

17

Fics. 17-18. $ Genitalia, ventral (with penis-lobes more enlarged) of Heptagenia spp.
17, H. affinis (Eaton), paratype; 18, H. gallica Eaton, paratype. (Scale = 0-5 mm.)

18

Ironodes nitidus (Eaton), 1885, p. 246, pl. 65, fig. 3 (as Iron).

LECTOTYPE 3g. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 90, fig. 3.
Paegniodes cupulatus (Eaton), 1871, p. 138, pl. 6, figs. 14, 14a (as Heptagenia).

LECTOTYPE g. N. China, 54-8. Heptagenia cupulata Eaton (Type). LEcto-
ALLOTYPE 9. N. China, 54-42. Heptagenia cupulata Eaton (Type). The lectotype
has one hind wing detached and the allotype lacks head and prothorax.
Rhithrogena alpestris Eaton, 1885, p. 255, pl. 24, fig. 43a.

(Text-fig. 25)

LECTOTYPE ¢. Savoy, Eaton, 1879. Dranse de Biot, Charbonniére, 4,300—4,800 ft.,

2.ix.1879. B.M. 1938-674. Rhithrogena alpestris Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.

Rhithrogena elegantula Eaton. See Heptagenia.

284 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Rhithrogena fusca (Walker), 1853, p. 568 (as Baétis). See Rh. jejuna Eaton.

Rhithrogena germanica Eaton, 1885, p. 260.
HOoLotyPeE ¢ probably in the Berne Museum.

Rhithrogena hageni Eaton, 1885, p. 253 (n.n. for Heptagenia brunnea Hagen, 2).
Ho.LotyPeE of Heptagenia brunnea Hagen in Mus. comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass.

Rhithrogena hybrida Eaton; 1885, p. 256.
(Text-fig. 21)

LECTOTYPE ¢. Savoy, Eaton, 1879. Dranse de Biot, Charbonniére, 4,700 ft.,
12.viii.1879. B.M. 1938-674. Rhithrogena hybrida Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. The
male genitalia of this species differ considerably from the figure given by Schoene-
mund, 1930, p. 30, fig. 41, particularly in the form of the penis-lobes. The general
structure agrees very closely with that of Rh. nivata (Eaton). From the limited
material available, R. hybrida appears to be smaller and may be considered as a
subspecies of R. nivata.

Rhithrogena jejuna Eaton, 1885, p. 252.

LECTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Spieth, 1940, p. 334. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Hudson’s
Bay, 44-17. Baétis fusca Walker (Type), in Eaton’s writing.
Rhithrogena manifesta Eaton. See Heptagema.

Rhithrogena nivata (Eaton), 1871, p. 137, pl. 6, fig. 10 (as Heptagenia).
LECTOTYPE ¢ (in fluid). Val de Triente, Barberine, 3,700 ft., 17. viii.1870. A. E.
Eaton. Rhithrogena nivata Ein Type, in Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.

Stenonema canadense (Walker), 1853, p. 569 (as Baétis).

LECTOTYPE ¢g. Designated by Spieth, 1940, p. 333. Male genitalia figured by
Traver, 1935, p. 304, fig. 91.
Stenonema luridipennis (Walker, nec Burmeister), 1853, p. 563 (as Baétis).

Spieth, 1940, p. 337, has identified Walker’s specimen from St. Martin’s Falls,
Albany River, Hudson’s Bay as Stenonema fusca Clemens.

Stenonema tessellatum (Walker), 1853, p. 566 (as Baétis).

HoLotyPe 2 (subimago). Placed by Spieth, 1940, p. 336, as a synonym of Steno-
nema vicarium (Walker).
Stenonema vicarium (Walker), 1853, p. 565 (as Baétts).

HoLotyPeE ¢. Discussed by Spieth, 1940, p. 336.

Thalerosphyrus torridus (Walker), 1853, p. 571 (as Baétis).

HoLotyPeE 9. Phil. Is. 45-49. Baétis torridus Walker (Type), in Eaton’s writing.
The greater part of the wings are now missing, as are the cerci and hind legs.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 285

Thalerosphyrus determinatus (Walker), 1853, p. 567 (as Baétis).

HOLoTyPE g. Java. 46-108. Baétis determinatus Walker (Type), in Eaton’s
writing. Most of the abdomen is missing and only one leg now remains.

22 21

Figs. 19-22. g Genitalia, ventral, of Paegniodes and Rhithrogena spp. 19, Paegniodes
cupulatus (Eaton), type; 20, Rhithrogena alpestris Eaton, paratype; 21, R. hybrida
Eaton, paratype; 22, R. mivata (Eaton), type. (Scale = 0-5 mm.)

ENTOM. 9, 4. 23

286 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Family AMETROPODIDAE

Metretopus borealis (Eaton), 1871, p. 137 (as Heptagenia).
Ho.otyPe ¢ in Dale collection, University Museum, Oxford.

Metretopus norvegicus Eaton, 1901, p. 254.

The collection, made by Herr E. Strand, from which this species was described,
could not be found in the Oslo Museum (Brekke, 1938, p. 60, footnote). It is possible
that it may be in either the Zoological Museum, Berlin or in the Entomological
Institute, Dahlem. There were no examples of this species in the McLachlan collec-
tion, but in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), there is a microscope slide of the male
genitalia, cerci and legs from one of the type series. As this preparation was made
by Eaton and was undoubtedly used by him in making his description, I propose
to designate it as the LECTOTYPE of M. norvegicus Eaton.

LECTOTYPE ¢. Norway, Aal, ix.1g00, E. Strand. Metretopus norvegicus 3 im.
Microscope preparation of legs, genitalia and cerci.

M. norvegicus is now considered a synonym of M. borealis (Eaton).

Siphloplecton basalis Walker), 1853, p. 565 (as Baétis).
HoLotTyPE ¢. Discussed by Spieth, 1940, p. 332. Male genitalia figured by
Traver, 1935, p. 441, fig. 115.

Family BAETIDAE
Baétis albivitta Walker. See Hexagenia (Ephemeridae).
Baétis amnicus Eaton, 1871, p. 117, pl. 5, figs. 24, 24a.
(Text-fig. 23)
LECTOTYPE ¢. Barberine, 17.vii.70. A. E. Eaton. Baétis ammicus Ein., (Type).

1871-11. (In fluid collection.) This species is now considered a synonym of B. alpinus
Pictet.

Baétis angulatus Walker. See Hexagenia (Ephemeridae).
Baétis annulatus Walker. See Siphlonurus.

Baétis atrebatinus Eaton, 1870, p. 4.

LECTOTYPE ¢ (Imago). In tube of glycerine, with ¢ subimago. Data on cork,
in Eaton’s writing, Baétis atrebatinus. Reading, x.19.68. B.M. register No. 68-124.
Baétis basalis Walker. See Siphloplecton (Ametropodidae).

Baétis bocagii Eaton, 1885, p. 162, pl. 64, fig. 13.
(Text-fig. 24)
Ho.otyPeE ¢. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Lisbon. B.M. 1938-674. Baétis bocagit.

Eaton gives descriptions of the living subimago and male imago. There is in
the McLachlan collection only the single type, which one presumes was bred from

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 287

mS

23 25

27

Fics. 23-27. g Forceps, ventral, of Baétis spp. 23, B. amnicus Eaton, type; 24, B. bocagii
Eaton, type ; 25, B. finitimus Eaton, type; 26, B. gemellus Eaton, type ; 27, B. nube-
cularis Eaton, example determined by Eaton. (Scale = 0-2 mm.)

288 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

the subimago. The male genitalia of the type appear to be identical with that of
Baétis rhodani (Pictet), there is little difference in the colouring as detailed by
Eaton and I therefore transfer bocagii to the synonymy of B. rhodani (Pictet)
(Syn. nov.).

Baétis buceratus Eaton, 1870, p. 5.

I have been able to trace only one example referable to the type series, a male
presented to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) by Eaton in 1868.

LECTOTYPE ¢ (in glycerine). Data on cork, Baétis buceratus. Reading. Label
on tube, 68-124. Male clasper figured by Kimmins, 1942a, p. 34, fig. 15B.

Baétis canadense Walker. See Stenonema (Heptageniidae).
Baétis debilis Walker. See Paraleptophlebia.
Baétis determinatus Walker. See Thalerosphyrus (Heptageniidae).

Baétis feminalis Eaton, 1885, p. 171.
Types in Hagen collection, Mus. comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass.

Baétis finitimus Eaton, 1871, p. 113.
(Text-fig. 25)

LECTOTYPE 4, LECTOALLOTYPE @ (in 2% formaldehyde solution). France, Les
Contamines, 24.vii.7o. A. E. Eaton. Baétis finitimus Eaton (Type), 3, Q. 1871-11.
This species is now considered a synonym of B. melanonyx Pictet.

Baétis fusca Walker. See Riithrogena.
Baétis fuscata Walker. See Ephemerella.

Baétis gemellus Eaton, 1885, p. 163.
(Text-fig. 26)

LECTOTYPE ¢. Helvetia, Eaton, 1879. Champéry, 4,000 ft., 13.vili.1879. B.M.
1938-674. Baétis gemellus Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. I consider that this species
should be placed in the synonymy of B. rhodani Pictet (Syn. nov.).

Baétis hageni Eaton, 1885, p. 169 (n.n. for Baétis unicolor (Hagen)).

Type of Baétis unicolor Hagen probably in Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass.
Eaton proposed the name hageni under the impression that Cloé unicolor Hagen,
1861, was a homonym of Cloéon unicolore Curtis, 1834, but Hagen’s name is generally
used by American authors.

Baétis ignota Walker. See Isonychia.
Baétis invaria Walker. See Ephemerella.

Baétis luridipennis Walker. See Stenonema.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 289

Baétis nubecularis Eaton, 1808, p. 265.
(Text-fig. 27)

HoLotyPe 3. Lac de Joux district, 1898, nubecularis Eaton, Type, in Eaton’s
writing. B.M. 1938-674.

Baétis pictus Eaton. See Callibaetis.
Baétis remota Walker. See Coloburiscus (Isonychiidae).

Baétis salvini Eaton, 1885, p. 170, pl. 16, fig. 29a.

LECTOTYPE g. Irazu, 6,000-7,000 ft., H. Rogers. B.M. 1938-674. Baétis salvini
Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Data as above. Male genitalia figured
by Kimmins, 1934, p. 348, fig. 13. The types of this species were stated by Eaton
to be in the Godman and Salvin collection, but they were not in that collection when
it became the property of the B.M. (N.H.). They came to the Museum as part of
the McLachlan collection. Possibly they were returned by Eaton to McLachlan
in error.

Baétis scambus Eaton, 1870, p. 3.

The TyPe of this species appears to be missing, unless a pair in the British Museum
(Nat. Hist.) were wrongly dated by Eaton. His paper containing the original
description was read before the Entomological Society of London on 3rd January,
1870 and the specimens are dated vi.1870. They are from Ashbourne, the typical
locality, and as there is no definite evidence that they were wrongly dated by Eaton,
one cannot make them anything but topotypes.

TopotyPEs ¢, 9. Ashbourne, vi.1870. Baetis scambus. 71-11. Male claspers
figured by Kimmins, 19424, p. 35, fig. 17s.

Baétis scita Walker. See Atalophlebia.
Baétis taprobanes Walker. See Atalophiebia.

Baétis tenax Eaton, 1870, p. 5.

The same circumstances apply as in the case of B. scambus Eaton.
TopoTyPE ¢. Ashbourne, v.1870. Baétis tenax 3. 1871-11. Male clasper figured
by Kimmins, 19424, p. 35, fig. 16T.

Baétis tesselata Walker. See Stenonema.
Baétis torridus Walker. See Thalerosphyrus (Heptageniidae).

Baétis venustulus Eaton, 1885, p. 160, pl. 64, fig. 19.

LectroTyPe ¢. Helvetia, Eaton, 1879. Geneva, Rhone, 1,220 ft., 25. viii. 1879.
B.M. 1938-674. Baétis venustulus Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.

Baétis vicaria Walker. See Stenonema.

290 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Callibaetis hageni Eaton, 1883, p. 192, pl. 16, fig. 28a.

Dr. W. L. Brown, Jr., writes me that there is in the Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge,
Mass., a specimen which was seen by Eaton, but which is without a standard red
type label.

Callibaétis montanus Eaton, p. 196, pl. 16, fig. 28d.

LECTOTYPE 2. Aceytuno, 5,100 ft., B.M. 1938-674. Callibaétis montanus Etn.,
det. A. E. Eaton.

Callibaétis pictus (Eaton), 1871, p. 122, pl. 5, fig. 27 (as Baétis).

LECTOTYPE g. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 98. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. 17/7.
Bosque Co., Texas, Belfrage. Baétis pictus Ein. B.M. 1938-674.

Centroptilum algiricum Eaton, 18994, p. 4.

LECTOTYPE §. Mirabeau, 5.xi.92, g. B.M. 1938-674. Centroptilum algiricum
Ein., 3 Type, D. E. Kimmins det. 1950. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Tissadourt, 4.xi.92,
2. B.M. 1938-674. Centroptilum algiricum Etn., 2 Allotype, D. E. Kimmins det.
1950. The allotype 2 lacks abdomen and left fore wing.

Centroptilum lacustre Eaton, 1885, p. 176.
(Text-fig. 28)

LECTOTYPE g. Pallanza, 18.vii.g2. Eaton, 1892. B.M. 1938-674. Centroptilum
lacustre Etn. LECTOALLOTYPE 4. Details as above. |

Centroptilum nemorale Eaton, 1885, p. 177.
(Text-fig. 29)

HoLotyPE ¢g. Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882. 26.vii.82. B.M. 1938-674.
Centroptilum nemorale Ein.

Centroptilum pennulatum Eaton, 1870, p. 2.

LECTOTYPE ¢ (in glycerine). Data on cork, in Eaton’s writing, Baétis penulata.
Reading, Grazley, Near 3 mile}, 18.x.68. 68-124. Male genitalia figured by Kimmins,

19424, p. 37, fig. I9P.
Centroptilum poéyi Eaton, 1885, p. 179.
TYPE in Mus. comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass.

Centroptilum pulchrum Eaton, 1885, p. 177.
(Text-fig. 30)

LECTOTYPE ¢. Toulouse, Garonne, 21.viii.80. B.M. 1938-674. Centroptilum
pulchrum Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. LECTOALLoTYPE 2. Details as above.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 291
Centroptilum stenopteryx Eaton, 1871, p. 110, pl. 6, figs. 15, 15a.
(Text-fig. 31)

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). 7.4.59. Zeller. Centroptilum stenopteryx
Etn., in McLachlan’s writing. LECTOALLOTYPE @ (subimago). Data as above but

lacking date label.

|

30

\

Fics. 28-32. ¢ Genitalia, ventral and hind wing of Centroptilum spp. 28, C. lacustre
Eaton, type; 29, C. nemorale Eaton, type; 30, C. pulchrum Eaton, type ; 31, C. sten-
opteryx Eaton, type; 32, C. algiricum Eaton, type. (Scale = o-2 mm.)

292 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES
Cloéon bimaculatum Eaton. See Procloéon.

Cloéon concinnum Eaton. See Procloéon.

Cloéon debilis Walker. See Procloéon.

Cloéon simile Eaton, 1870, p. 2.

LECTOTYPE ¢ (in glycerine). Data on cork. Cloéon simile. Clumber Park, Notts.
ix—x.68. 68-124. Male genitalia figured by Kimmins, 1942a, p. 39, fig. 2rs. The
lectotype has been transferred to a new tube, the original one having developed a
crack.

Cloéon sinense (Walker), 1853, p. 584 (as Caenis).

HoLotyPe g. China. 45-65. Caenis sinensis (Type) Walker, in Eaton’s writing.
The type now consists of a head and a portion of the thorax. Eaton wrote in the
Departmental copy of Walker’s List, “‘ Perhaps identical with Baétis (Cloéon) diptera.
So far as the investing mould permits an examination, no structural differences
are apparent between them.” Since the type is no longer of any value in identifying
Walker’s species, I propose to adopt Eaton’s supposition and place sinensis Walker
as a synonym of Cloéon dipterum (L.). (Syn. nov.)

Procloéon bimaculatum (Eaton), 1884, pl. 17, fig. 31d; 1885, p. 182 (as Cloéon).
(Text-fig. 35)

LECTOTYPE 9. Designated by Kimmins, 1947, p. 93. LECTOALLOTYPE ¢. Ceylon,
Thwaites. B.M. 1938-674. Cloéon bimaculatum Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. Contrary
to Eaton’s description, the lectoallotype male does not have the pigmented pterostig-
matic spot. This specimen is the only male in the type series and it is very strange
that Eaton should have included this female character in the male diagnosis. As
mentioned in my 1947 paper, I took numerous males and females of this species
near Calcutta. The males agree in genital structure with the allotype and all have
the colourless pterostigma.

Procloéon concinnum (Eaton), 1885, p. 187 (as Cloéon).

LeEcToTYPE ¢. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Porcalhota, near Cintra, 1.vi.80. B.M.
1938-674. Cloéon concinnum Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data
as above. The length of the apparent basal segment of the hind tarsus in relation
to the second segment (3 : 1) indicates that this species should be transferred to the
genus Procloéon.

Procloéon debilis (Walker), 1860, p. 199 (as Cloéon).
(Text-fig. 33)

A rather strange situation has arisen regarding the type of this species. Walker’s
description is very brief; no indication is given of either the sex or the number of
specimens before him. In his 1871 monograph (p. 14), Eaton lists the Ephemeroptera
types of Walker’s 1860 paper in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) collection, and of
Cloéon debilis he remarks “‘ r 9 im.’’, and transfers it to the genus Baétis. His examina-

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 293

tion appears to have been rather perfunctory or else he made only very brief notes
on the type, since on p. 112 of the 1871 monograph he makes no attempt to supplement
Walker’s very brief account, giving only a slightly shortened version of the latin diag-
nosis, adding “‘ This species can only be identified by the type’’. Such a remark
suggests that he had not at that time seen the type, although in the introduction
to this monograph he acknowledges that he had had unlimited access to the B.M.
collections. He certainly did at some time examine the type, since Walker’s MSS.
label ‘‘ debilis bears the additional words “ Cloéon (Type) ”’ in Eaton’s writing.

Fics. 33-35. & Genitalia, ventral, of Procloéon spp. 33, P. debilis (Walker), allotype ;
34, P. concinnum (Eaton), paratype; 35, P. bimaculatum (Eaton), allotype. (Scale
= 0:2 mm.)

Above Walker’s label are now two specimens, both gummed to the same strip of
card, rather moulded but, from the appearance of the gum, mounted at the same
time. The style of mounting of the specimens is identical with that of the type
of Potamanthus annulifer Walker, also from Hindostan, and neither the style of
the mounting nor the state of the gum suggests that the second specimen has been
added since Eaton studied the Walker types. At the tip of the card is a female
imago, apices of the wings missing, and nearer the pin is a male imago, which would
agree quite as well with Walker’s description as does the female (better in fact,
as it is in better condition).

If there were originally two specimens, one wonders why Eaton makes no reference
to the second one. He may have considered the female to be the type, but this still
does not explain why he makes no reference to the second specimen. It is my belief

294 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

that there were two specimens and that Eaton started to make notes on them and
was interrupted and on his next visit to the Museum forgot to complete them.
When he later came to write up his notes, his memory must have let him down
and he assumed that there was only the female imago, an error which was perpetuated
in the 1884 monograph.

Examination of these two specimens shows that Eaton was incorrect in assigning
debilis to the genus Baétis, as the marginal intercalaries are single, not paired. This
fact also supports my theory that his original examination was rather brief and
possibly interrupted. The hind tarsus of the male has the apparent basal segment
three times as long as the second and I am therefore transferring Walker’s debilis
to the genus Procloéon. Cloéon debilis Walker, 1860, having been removed from the
genus Baétis, is no longer a homonym of Baétis debilis Walker, 1853.

I therefore consider the types of Procloéon debilis (Walker) to be as follows:
LECTOTYPE 9. Designated by Eaton, 1871, p. 14. Hindostan, Saunders, 68-3.
debilis Wik., in Walker’s writing, with Eaton’s addition, Cloéon (Type). LEcto-
ALLOTYPE g. On same card as lectotype 9.

Family LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE

Adenophlebia auriculata (Eaton), 1871, pl. 83, pl. 4, figs. 24, 24a-b (as Lepto-
phlebia).
(Text-fig. 36)

LrecToTYPE 3g. McL. type-label (pink). Graham’s Town. Leptophlebia auriculata. -

Ein., in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. Doubtfully distinct from A. dislocans
(Walker).

Adenophlebia dislocans (Walker), 1860, p. 198 (as Ephemera).

HoLotyPe 9. Cape. Saunders, 68-3. Ephemera dislocans (Type) Walker, in
Eaton’s writing. One hind wing mounted between cover-glasses by Eaton.

Aprionyx tabularis (Eaton), 1884, p. 91, pl. 10, fig. 16h (as Atalophlebia).

The HototyPe of this species, said to be “ in spirits ’’, has not been traced. Eaton
does not indicate in whose collection it was housed.

Atalophlebia australis (Walker), 1853, p. 538 (as Ephemera).

LECTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Tillyard, 1934, p. 13, pl. 2, figs. 7-8. Tillyard
also designated a female in his own collection as ALLOTYPE. This specimen does not
appear to have been included in that part of his collection which was bequeathed
to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), and is probably in Canberra.

Atalophebia chilensis Eaton, 1884, p. 91, pl. 10, fig. 16g.

LecToTyPE ¢. Chili, Reed. B.M. 1938-674. Atalophlebia chilensis Etn., det.
A. E. Eaton. Male genitalia figured by Demoulin, 19554, p. 2, fig. Ia.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 295

Atalophlebia dentata (Eaton), 1871, p. 80, pl. 4, figs. 18, 18a—d (as Leptophlebia).
(Text-fig. 38)

LecToTYPE g. N. Zeal. 54-4. Leptophlebia dentata Eaton, in Eaton’s writing.
LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as above.
Atalophlebia inconspicua (Eaton), 1871, p. 79, pl. 4, figs. 17, 17a-b (as Lepto-

phlebia).

Five male SyNtTyPEs from Adelaide in the Hope Department, University Museum,

Oxford.

Fics. 36-37. g Genitalia, ventral, of 36, Adenophlebia auriculata (Eaton), type (with
penis-lobes in side and ventral view) ; 37, Atalophlebia taprobanes (Walker), type.
(Scale = o-2 mm.)

Atalophlebia nodularis (Eaton), 1871, p. 81, pl. 4, figs. 20, 20a-c (as Leptophlebia).
(Text-fig. 41)

LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Leptophlebia
nodularis Ein., in McLachlan’s writing. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Data as above.
Atalophlebia scita (Walker), 1853, p. 570 (as Baétis).

(Text-fig. 40)
Only one of the original two specimens can now be traced and this (lacking head)

is designated as LecrotyPE ¢. N. Zeal. 42-55. Baétis scita (Type) Walker, in
Eaton’s writing.

296 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Atalophlebia taprobanes (Walker), 1853, p. 567 (as Baétis).
(Text-fig. 37)
HoLotyPe 3. Ceylon, 52-62. Baétis taprobanes (Type) Walker, in Eaton’s writing.
In the figure, the lobes of the penis are convergent, with the hooks overlapping.
In a paratype of A. annulatus (Hagen) they are divergent but capable of folding
inwards as in A. taprobanes, and it seems not unlikely that annulatus will prove to
be a synonym of taprobanes.
Atalophlebia versicolor Eaton, 1899, p 286, pl. ro, figs. 2a—-b.
(Text-fig. 39)
LECTOTYPE g. 41. Wellington, Hudson. B.M. 1938-674. Atalophlebia versicolor
Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.
Blasturus gravastellus Eaton. See Leptophilebia.

Calliarcys humilis Eaton, 1881, p. 21.
(Text-fig. 42)
LECTOTYPE §. Foia, 21.v.80. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. B.M. 1938-674. Calliarcys
humilis Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.
Choroterpes exigua Eaton, 18924, p. 189.
(Text-fig. 44)
LEcTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Tenasserim Valley. Choroterpes exiguus,
in Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.
Choroterpes inornata Eaton, 18920, p. 6.
LECTOTYPE g. Designated by Kimmins, 1934, p. 340, fig. 2.

Choroterpes lusitanica Eaton, 1881, p. 194.
(Text-fig. 45)
LECTOTYPE 3. Aldea do Neves, 10.v.80. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. B.M. 1938-674.
Now considered a synonym of Choroterpes picteti (Eaton).
Choroterpes nervosa Eaton. See Thraulodes.

Choroterpes picteti (Eaton), 1871, p. 87 (as Leptophlebia).
TYPE possibly in the Pictet collection, Geneva.

Choroterpides exiguus (Eaton), 1884, p. 108, pl. 13, fig. 20*2 (as Thraulus).
TYPE not traced in Leiden Museum (Lieftinck, i. 1., x. 1958).

Deleatidium furcifera (Eaton), 1871, p. 79 (as Leptophlebia).

TYPE in National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne. Nat. Mus. Type Registration
No. 470. Mr. A. Neboiss writes “it is badly damaged, with right anterior wing and
tip of abdomen missing ; part of thorax is also damaged.”

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 297

Fics. 38-41. ¢ Genitalia, ventral (with penis-lobes in side view also) of Atalophlebia spp.
38, A. dentata (Eaton), paratype ; 39, A. versicolor Eaton, type; 40, A. scita (Walker),
type; 41, A. nodularis (Eaton), type. (Scale = 0-2 mm.)

298 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Deleatidium lillii Eaton, 1899, p. 289.
(Text-fig. 43)
LECTOTYPE g. No. 46. Wellington, Hudson. Leptophlebia liliei sp. nov., in
Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.
There are no other examples in the McLachlan collection bearing the number
46, the others being numbered 41 and 51. Phillips, 1930, p. 368 is incorrect in

Fics. 42-45. ¢ Genitalia, ventral (with penis-lobes in side view also) of 42, Calliarcys
humilis Eaton, type; 43, Deleatidium lillii Eaton, type; 44, Choroterpes exigua
Eaton, type; 45, Choroterpes lusitanica Eaton, type. (Scale = 0-2 mm.)

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 299

stating that “‘ the winged stages of this insect were first described by Walker under
the name Baétis scita, then by Eaton as Leptophlebia scita and again as Atalophlebia
scita.”’ Walker’s species is quite distinct.

Deleatidium strigata (Eaton), 1871, p. 80, pl. 4, fig. 19 (as Leptophlebia).

HoLotyPe 9. McL. type-label (pink). N. Aust. Leptophlebia strigata Etn., in
McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.

Fics. 46-47. g Genitalia, ventral (with penis-lobes in side view also) of Habrophlebia spp.
46, H. nervulosa Eaton, paratype ; 47, H. umbratilis Eaton, paratype. (Scale = o-2 mm.)

Habrophlebia lauta Eaton, 1884, p. 120.

The name Habrophlebia lauta was proposed by Eaton to replace Pictet’s mis-
identified Potamanthus cinctus (Retzius), and the TyPE should therefore be in the
Pictet collection, Geneva. The name Jauta is sometimes attributed to McLachlan,
whose use of it was a nomen nudum. He merely quoted Eaton’s name, without
giving either description or reference to Pictet’s name.

Habrophlebia nervulosa Eaton, 1884, p. 117.
(Text-fig. 46)

LEcTOTYPE §. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Ponte de Morcelles, 14.vi.80. B.M.
1938-674. Habrophlebia nervulosa Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. The specimens from
Corsica, figured by Esben-Petersen (1913, Ent. Medd. 10: 22, figs. 4-5) as Habro-
phiebia nervulosa Eaton appear to be mis-identified, as they differ in the form of the
forceps and of the hind wing.

300 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Habrophlebia umbratilis Eaton, 1884, p. 119.
(Text-fig. 47)
LECTOTYPE g. Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882. 2.viii.82. B.M. 1938-674.
Habrophlebia umbratilis Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.
Hagenulus caligatus Eaton, 1882, p. 207.

TYPE in Mus. comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass. There is a female paratype in the
British Museum (Nat. Hist.), presented by Dr. Hagen.

Hagenulus monstratus Eaton, 1892a, p. 189.

LECTOTYPE ¢ (subimago). McL. type-label (pink). Tenasserim Valley. Hagenulus
monstratus. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as above.

Hagenulus scotti Eaton, 19132, p. 433.
(Text-fig. 48)
Ho.otyPeE 3g. Mahé, ’08-’09. Seychelles Islands. Percy Sladen Trust Expedition.
1910-170. Hagenulus scotti Eaton Type.

Leptophlebia auriculata Eaton. See Adenophlebia.

Leptophlebia (Blasturus ) concinnus (Walker), 1853, p. 553 (as Palingenia).

HoLotyPE ¢. Discussed by Spieth, 1940, p. 327. Male genitalia figured by
Traver, 1935, p- 536, fig. 138 (as cupidus). Now considered a synonym of Lepiophlebia
(Blasturus) cupidus (Say).

Leptophlebia dentata Eaton. See Atalophlebia.
Leptophlebia elongatula McLachlan. See Ephemerella.
Leptophlebia furcifera Eaton. See Deleatidium.

Leptophlebia (Blasturus ) gravastellus Eaton; 1884, p. 102 (as Blasturus).
HoLotyPe 3. Discussed by Spieth, 1941, p. 96, fig. 1.

Leptophlebia gregalis Eaton. See Paraleptophlebia.

Leptophlebia (Blasturus ) hebes (Walker), 1853, p. 538 (as Ephemera).

The Type of this species was considered missing for many years, until Dr. Spieth
visited the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) in 1939 and discovered that someone had
wrongly attached to the type the label “45. Baétis”. Hagen, in 1857, thinking
that this specimen was indeed Walker’s No. 45, Baétis (an undescribed specimen),
made it the type of his Baétis ignava, and it was so labelled by Eaton. There is no
doubt that the specimen is in fact Walker’s Ephemera hebe, since in addition to the
labels listed by Spieth, 1940, p. 326, there is the B.M. register label, 39.9.26.104,
which in the register is given as an Ephemera from Newfoundland, presented by
W. C. St. John, Esq.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 301

Leptophlebia inconspicua Eaton. See Atalophlebia.
Leptophlebia memorialis Eaton. See Paraleptophlebia.
Leptophlebia meyeri Eaton, 1884, p. 95.

Type probably in the Meyer-Dur collection. Now considered a synonym of
Leptophlebia vespertina (Linné).

Leptophlebia mollis Eaton. See Paraleptophlebia.

Fics. 48-49. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of 48, Hagenulus scotti Eaton, paratype; 49, Thraulus
bellus Eaton, type. (Scale = 0-2 mm.)

Leptophlebia (Blasturus ) nebulosus (Walker), 1853, p. 554 (as Palingenia).
LECTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Spieth, 1940, p. 327. Male genitalia figured by

Traver, 1935, p. 536, fig. 138.

Leptophlebia nodularis Eaton. See Atalophlebia.

Leptophlebia (Blasturus) pallipes (Walker), 1853, p. 553 (as Palingenia).
LecToTyPE 9. R. N. Scotia, Redman. Palingenia pallipes (Type) Walker, in

Eaton’s writing. This is the first specimen mentioned by Spieth, 1940, p. 329, who

did not specify a lectotype. Now considered a synonym of Leptophlebia (Blasturus)

cupidus (Say).

Leptophlebia praepedita Eaton. See Choroterpes.

Leptophlebia rufivenosa Eaton. See Paraleptophlebia.

ENTOM. Q, 4- 24

302 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES
Leptophlebia strandii Eaton. See Paraleptophlehia.

Leptophlebia strigata Eaton. See Deleatidium.

Leptophlebia vaciva Eaton. See Paraleptophlebia.

Paraleptophlebia debilis (Walker), 1853, p. 569 (as Baétis).
HoLotyPeE 9. Discussed by Spieth, 1940, p. 333.

Paraleptophlebia gregalis (Eaton), 1884, p. 98 (as Leptophlebia).
LECTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 94, fig. 6.

Paraleptophlebia memorialis (Eaton), 1884, p. 98 (as Leptophlebia).

TYPE in Mus. comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass. (L. memorialis was a new name for
L. pallipes Hagen).
Paraleptophlebia mollis (Eaton), 1871, p. 88, pl. 4, fig. 28 (as Leptophlebia).

Specimen in Mus. comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass. is labelled “ Box I, A. E. Eaton ”
but without type label.

Paraleptophlebia praepedita (Eaton), 1884, p. 99, pl. 11, fig. 17¢ (as Leptophlebia).
LECTOTYPE 4. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 94. Male genitalia figured by
Traver, 1935, p. 524, fig. 134.
Paraleptophlebia rufivenosa (Eaton), 1884, p. 99 (as Leptophlebia).
LECTOTYPE 9. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 96.

Paraleptophlebia strandii (Eaton), 1901, p. 253, fig. 1 (as Leptophlebia).

According to Brekke, 1938, p. 60 (footnote), the Strand collection, from which
this species was described, has not been located.

Paraleptophlebia vaciva (Eaton), 1884, p. 97 (as Leptophlebia).

LECTOTYPE g. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 96. Male genitalia figured by
Traver, 1935, p. 522, fig. 133.
Thraulodes colombiae (Walker), 1853, p. 537 (as Ephemera).

HoLotyPe 9. Columbia, 47-71. Ephemera colombiae (Type) Walker, in Eaton’s
writing.
Thraulodes hilaris (Eaton), 1892), p. 8 (as Thraulus).

LECTOTYPE g. Designated by Kimmins, 1934, p. 345, fig. Io.

Thraulodes laetus (Eaton), 1884, p. 110, pl. 13, fig. 23*3 (as Thraulus).

HoLotyPE g. New Granada, Nolcken. Jaetus. B.M. 1938-674. Thraulus laetus
Ein., Type, D. E. Kimmins det. 1950. The type now lacks the apex of its abdomen.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 303

Thraulodes lepidus (Eaton), 1884, p. 109 (as Thraulus).

HoLotyPe ¢g. Chiriqui. Thraulus lepidus, in Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.
The genitalia of the type agree with the figure given by Kimmins, 1934, p. 343,

fig. 7.
Thraulodes mexicanus (Eaton), 1884, p. 109, pl. 13, fig. 23*4 (as Thraulus).
HoLotyPeE ¢ in Brussels Museum.

Thraulodes nervosa (Eaton), 18926, p. 6, pl. 1, figs. 6, 6a (as Choroterpes).
HoLotyPeE g. Discussed by Kimmins, 1934, p. 344, fig. 8.

Thraulus bellus Eaton, 1881, p. 195.
(Text-fig. 49)
LECTOTYPE g. Cintra, 1.vi.80. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. B.M. 1938-674. Thraulus

bellus Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. One hind wing mounted between cover-glasses, one
fore wing between celluloid.

Thraulus exiguus Eaton. See Choroterpes.
Thraulus hilaris Eaton. See Thraulodes.
Thraulus laetus Eaton. See Thraulodes.
Thraulus lepidus Eaton. See Thraulodes.
Thraulus mexicanus Eaton. See Thraulodes.
Thraulus primanus Eaton. See Traverella.
Thraulus versicolor Eaton. See Traverella.

Traverella primanus (Eaton), 1892), p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 7, 7a (as Thraulus).
LECTOTYPE g. Designated by Kimmins, 1934, p. 342 (apex of abdomen missing).

Traverella versicolor (Eaton), 18920, p. 7, (as Thraulus).
LECTOTYPE 92. Designated by Kimmins, 1934, p. 342, fig. 6.

Family EPHEMERELLIDAE

Ephemerella (Chitonophora) aronii (Eaton), 1908, p. 149 (as Ephemerella).

The Tyre of this species should be the male collected in Finland by Dr. J. E. Aro
(after whom the species is named). This specimen may be in the Helsinki Museum.
The allotype 2 and a paratype 2 are probably in the Troms@ Museum. The female
collected by Eaton and given to McLachlan has been found, labelled by Eaton as
Ephemerella sp., in the McLachlan accessions. It is a subimago and has been labelled
paratype. The species is now considered a synonym of Ephemerella (Chitonophora)
aurivillit Bengtsson.

ENTOM. Q, 4. 24§

304 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Ephemerella (Drunella) fuscata (Walker), 1853, p. 570 (as Baétis).

LECTOTYPE g. Designated by McDunnough, 1931, p. 214, fig. 2. Walker’s species
is a homonym of Baétis fusoata Stephens and was renamed Ephemerella walkeri
by Eaton.

Ephemerella (Drunella) grandis (Eaton), 1884, p. 128, pl. 14, fig. 240 (as
Ephemerelia).

LECTOTYPE 2. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 96.

Ephemerella (Drunella) walkeri (Eaton), 1884, p. 129 (as Ephemerella).
Type as for E. (D.) fuscata (Walker).

Ephemerella elongatula (McLachlan), 1875, p. 169 (as Leptophlebia).

LECTOTYPE 9. Japan, Pryer. Leptophlebia elongatula McL. B.M. 1938-674.
The female subimago, stated by Eaton, 1884, p. 131 to be a Heptagenia, has not
been traced.

Ephemerella hispanica Eaton, 1887, p. 306.
TYPE ¢ probably in Pictet collection, Geneva, allotype 2 in Leiden Museum.

Ephemerella inermis Eaton, 1884, p. 127.
Types in Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass.

Ephemerella invaria (Walker), 1853, p. 568 (as Baétis).

LECTOTYPE g. Example with abdomen mounted on microscope slide, designated
by McDunnough, 1925, p. 213, fig. 6.

Ephemerella notata Eaton, 1887, p. 305, pl. 65, fig. 9.

LECTOTYPE ¢. Salkeld, 18.vi.86. Ephemerella notata Etn., det. A. E. Eaton.
B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. As above, date 20.vi.86. Male genitalia figured
by Kimmins, 19424, p. 28, fig. ION.

Ephemerella (Timpanoga) hecuba (Eaton), 1884, p. 133, pl. 40, figs. I-17
(as Ephemerella, figs. as Ephemera hecuba Hagen).

TYPE NYMPH not traced in Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass. (W. L. Brown,
Jr., i. 1. 23.x.1958). Spieth, 1941, p. 87, when dealing with the Eaton types in
the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) remarks ‘‘ The alcoholic material of the Eaton
collection is not yet available for study, and I therefore did not see the nymphal
type of Ephemerella hecuba Eaton.” Eaton however states that this material is in
the Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass.

Teloganodes major Eaton, 1884, p. 136.

LECTOTYPE 2 (subimago). Ceylon, 63-9. Teloganodes major Ein., in Eaton’s
writing.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 305
Family TRICORYTHIDAE

Leptohyphes brevissimus Eaton, 1892), p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 9.
LECTOTYPE 9. Designated by Kimmins, 1934, p. 347, fig. 12.

Leptohyphes eximius Eaton, 1882, p. 208.
TYPE in Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass,

Tricorythodes explicatus (Eaton), 18926, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 8, 8a (as Tricorythus).

LecToTyPE 3. Designated by Kimmins, 1934, p. 346. Male genitalia figured by
McDunnough, 19314, p. 266, fig. 13.

Family CAENIDAE
Caenis cibaria Eaton, 1879, p. 268.

LectoTyPE g. Lake Nyassa, 79-26. Caenis cibaria 3 Type, in Eaton’s writing.
Caenis cibaria Etn., 3 Type, D. E. Kimmins det. 1947. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data
as above. Caents cibaria 9 Type. Caenis cibaria Etn., 2 allotype, D. E. Kimmins det.
1947. Male genitalia figured by Kimmins, 1949, p. 832, fig. 6.

Caenis diminuta Walker, 1853, p. 584.

HoLotyPE g. Discussed by Spieth, 1940, p. 337. Male genitalia figured by
McDunnough, 19314, p. 258, fig. 2.

Caenis kungu Eaton, 1879, p. 268.

HoLotyPE g. Lake Nyassa, 79-26. Caenis kungu 3 Type. ALLOTYPE 9. Same
data. Caents kungu 9 Type. Male genitalia figured by Kimmins, 1949, p. 832,

fig. 7.
Caenis lactella Eaton, 1884, p. 144.
New name for Caenis lactea Pictet. Type in Pictet collection.

Caenis perpusilla Walker, 1853, p. 585.

Ho.otyPe §. (Ceylon. Locality label now missing.) Caenis perpusilla (Type)
Walker, in Eaton’s writing. The type is in fairly good condition.
Caenis rivulorum Eaton, 1884, p. 143 (as var. rivulorum of C. halterata).

I have been able to trace only one example in the McLachlan collection belonging
to the type-series. LecTtoTyPpE g. Thorncombe, Dorset, 1882. rivulorum Etn.
B.M. 1938-674. Caenis halterata, var. rivulorum Etn. Type, D. E. Kimmins det.
12.iii. 42.

Caenis robusta Eaton, 1884, p. 145.

LEcTotyPE g. Netherlands, Eaton, 1879. Gouda, 29.vii.1879. B.M. 1938-674.
Caenis robusta Etn., det. A. E. Eaton. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as above, date
31.vii.1879. Male genitalia figured by Kimmins, 1954, p. 117, fig. I.

Caenis sinense Walker. See Cloéon.

306 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Family PoTAMANTHIDAE
Potamanthellus amabilis (Eaton), 1892a, p. 188 (as Rhoenanthus).
(Text-fig. 51)

LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Tenasserim Valley. Rhoenanthus amabilis,
in Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.

Potamanthus exspectans Walker. See Ephemera.

Fics. 50-51. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of 50, Potamanthodes formosus (Eaton), type; 51, Pota-
manthellus amabilis (Eaton), type. (Scale = 0-2 mm.)

Potamanthodes formosus (Eaton), 1892a, p. 186 (as Potamanthus).
(Text-fig. 50)

LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Tenasserim Valley. Potamanthus formosus
g, in Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as above.

Rhoenanthus amabilis Eaton. See Potamanthellus.

Rhoenanthus speciosus Eaton, 1881, p. 192.

Dr. M. A. Lieftinck informs me (i. 1. x.1958) that the collections of the Mus.
Soc. Zool. ‘‘ Natura artis magistra’”’ are not at Leiden, as recorded by Eaton, but
at the Amsterdam Museum. He kindly made enquiries there and learns that the
Types of Rhoenanthus speciosus cannot be found.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 307

Family EUTHYPLOCIDAE
Campylocia anceps (Eaton), 1883, p. 38, pl. 4, fig. 7¢ (as Euthyplocia).
(Text-fig. 52)
HoLotyPE g. Rio Mauhes, Trail. Euthyplocia anceps Ein. B.M. 1938-674.

It seems doubtful whether the examples figured by Ulmer, 1942, pl. 1, figs. 3a, b
are conspecific with the type.

52

Fic. 52. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of Campylocia anceps (Eaton), type. (Scale = o-2 mm.)

Family EPHEMERIDAE

Eatonica illustris (Eaton), 1913, p. 276 (as Hexagenia).

Ho.otyPe gf. Uganda Protectorate, Mpanga Forest, Toro, 4,800 ft., 12-23. x1. IQII.
S. A. Neave. Hexagenia illustris sp. nov., in Eaton’s writing. Now considered a
synonym of Eatonica schoutedeni Navas.

Ephemera australis Walker. See Atalophlebia.
Ephemera colombiae Walker. See Thraulodes (Leptophlebiidae).
Ephemera consors Eaton, 1892c, p. 412.
(Text-fig. 57)
TypEs ¢ and 9 originally in Indian Museum, Calcutta: now possibly in Zoological

Survey of India collection, Calcutta. One male and two female paratypes in British
Museum (Nat. Hist.).

308 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Ephemera decora Walker, 1853, p. 537.

HoLotTyPE g. Discussed by Spieth, 1940, p. 325. Now considered a synonym
of E. simulans Walker.

Ephemera dislocans Walker. See Adenophlebia.

Ephemera exspectans (Walker), 1860, p. 198 (as Potamanthus).

HoLoTyPE 9. (subimago). Hindostan. Saunders, 68-3. exspectans Walk., in
Walker’s writing. Potamanthus expectans (Type) Walker, in Eaton’s writing. I
have reverted to the spelling of the specific name (exspectans) as given in the original
publication, on Walker’s label and in Eaton, 1871. Eaton gives no explanation
(1883, p. 72) of the reason for changing the spelling to expectans.

Ephemera hebes Walker. See Leptophlebia.
Ephemera hudsoni McLachlan. See Ichthybotus.

Ephemera immaculata Eaton, 1871, p. 74.
HoLotyPe ¢ (very battered), in Hope Dept., University Museum, Oxford.

Ephemera japonica McLachlan, 1875, p. 169.

LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Japan, Pryer. Ephemera japonica McL.,
in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as above, McL.
type-label missing.

Ephemera lineata Eaton, 1870, p. I.

LECTOTYPE ¢ (in glycerine). Data on cork, Ephemera lineata 3 im. The B.M.
register No. 68-124 gives the following additional information ‘‘ Ephemera lineata
Ein., Mss., Reading’’. Male genitalia figured by Kimmins, 19422, p. 20, fig. 4L.

Ephemera natata (Walker), 1853, p. 551 (as Palingenia).

LECTOTYPE 2 (subimago). Hudson’s Bay, 44-17. 251 or 650. Ephemera natata.
Palingema natata (Type) Walker, in Eaton’s writing.

Ephemera orientalis McLachlan, 1875, p. 168.
HoLotyrPe ¢ in Leiden Museum.

Ephemera pictiventris McLachlan, 1894, p. 428.

LECTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Ta-chien-lu. Ephemera pictiventris McL.,
in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.

Ephemera pulcherrima Eaton, 1892a, p. 185.

Ho.otype 9 (subimago). McL. type-label (pink). Tenasserim Valley. Ephemera
pulcherrima, in Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.

ae

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 309

Ephemera remensa Eaton, 1892c, p. 410.
(Text-fig. 54)

Ho.LotyPe J originally in the Indian Museum, Calcutta ; now possibly in Zoological
Survey of India collection, Calcutta. ALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Musuri,
7,000 ft., June, Lang. Ephemera remensa, in Eaton’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.
There is also a male paratype in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), from which Text-
fig. 54 was made.

Ephemera serica Eaton, 1871, p. 75, pl. 4, figs. 12, 12a.
(Text-fig. 53)

LECTOTYPE $. Hongkong, 61-49. Ephemera serica (Type) Eaton, in Eaton’s
writing. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. N. China. 54-8. Ephemera serica (Type) Eaton, in
Eaton’s writing. The head and thorax of the lectotype has been destroyed by pests.

Ephemera simulans Walker, 1853, p. 536.
HoLotyPeE ¢ (subimago). Discussed by Spieth, 1940, p. 326.

Ephemera strigata Eaton, 1892, p. 302.
(Text-fig. 55)

LecToTyPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Japan, Pryer. Ephemera strigata Ein.,
in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as above, with
addition, Gifu, Apr._May, 1886.

Ephemera supposita Eaton, 1883, p. 72, pl. 8, fig. 12c.

TyPEs in Mus. comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass. (New name for Potamanthus fasciatus
Hagen partim).

Ephemera varia Eaton, 1883, p. 69, pl. 63, fig. 12h.

Types in Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass. (New name for Ephemera decora
Hagen).

Hexagenia albivitta (Walker), 1853, p. 566 (as Baétis).
LECTOTYPE ¢. Braz. 52-44. Baétis albivitta (Type) Walker, in Eaton’s writing.

Hexagenia angulata (Walker), 1853, p. 564 (as Baétis).

Hototype ¢. Discussed by Spieth, 1940, p. 332. Placed by Spieth as a synonym
of Hexagenia limbata viridescens (Walker).

Hexagenia continua (Walker), 1860, p. 199 (as Palingenia).

HoLotyPe ¢ (subimago). Amaz. Saunders, 68-3. continua Walk., in Walker’s
writing. Palingenia continua (Type) Walker, in Eaton’s writing. Now considered
a synonym of Hexagenia albivitta (Walker).

Hexagenia illustris Eaton. See Eatonica.

Hexagenia mexicana Eaton. See Pseudeatonica.

310 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Fics. 53-56. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of Ephemera spp. 53, E. serica Eaton, type; 54,
E. remensa Eaton, paratype ; 55, E. japonica McLachlan, paratype; 56, E. strigata
Eaton, paratype. (Scale = o-2 mm.)

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 311
Hexagenia munda Eaton, 1883, p. 53.
Types in Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass.
Hexagenia occulta (Walker), 1853, p. 551 (as Palingenia).
LECTOTYPE ¢ (subimago). Designated by Spieth, 1940, p. 328.

Hexagenia variabilis Eaton, 1883, p. 55.

New name for Palingenia limbata Pictet. TypPE possibly in the Pictet collection,
Geneva.

Fics. 57-58. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of 57, Ephemera consors Eaton, paratype ; 58, Hexagenia
albivitta (Walker), type. (Scale = 0-2 mm.)

Hexagenia venusta Eaton, 1883, p. 54. .
LEcTOTYPE ¢. Designated by Spieth, 1941, p. 88.

Hexagenia viridescens (Walker), 1853, p. 551 (as Palingenia).
Ho.LotyPeE 9 (subimago). Re-described by Spieth, 1940, p. 329.

Ichthybotus hudsoni (McLachlan), 18944, p. 270 (as Ephemera).
(Text-fig. 59)

LEecToTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). New Zealand. Ephemera hudsoni McL.,
in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 2 (subimago). McL.
type-label (pink). New Zealand, Hudson. 32. Ephemera hudsoni McL., in McLach-
lan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.

312 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Pseudeatonica mexicana (Eaton), 1883, p. 50 (as Hexagenia).
Ho.otypPeE ¢. In Mus. comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass.

Family POLYMITARCIDAE

Asthenopus curtus (Eaton), 1868, p. 84 (as Campsurus).
(Text-fig. 60)

HoLotyPE ¢g. Para, 45-56. Palingenia albifilum Walker, var., in Kimmins’
writing. Palingenia curta (Type) Hagen Ms., and Asthenopus curtus (Type) Eaton,

Fic. 59. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of Ichthybotus hudsoni McLachlan, example from Hudson
collection. (Scale = o-2 mm.)

in Eaton’s writing. Ulmer’s figure, 1942, p. 2, fig. 13, differs considerably in the
shape of the penis-lobes and may possibly represent another species.
Campsurus albifilum (Walker), 1853, p. 554 (as Palingenia).
(Text-fig. 61)
HoLotyPpeE g. Para, 45-56. Palingenia albifilum (Type) Walker, in Eaton’s
writing.

Campsurus curtus Eaton. See Asthenopus.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 313

Campsurus cuspidatus Eaton, 1871, p. 58, fig. 12.
Two syntypes in Brussels Museum, of which I designate the more complete as
LECTOTYPE.

Fics. 60-62. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of 60, Asthenopus curtus (Eaton), type ; 61, Campsurus
albifilum (Walker), type; 62, Campsurus latipennis (Walker), type (dissected from
subimago). (Scale = o-2 mm.)

Campsurus latipennis (Walker), 1853, p. 554 (as Palingenia).
(Text-fig. 62)

LECTOTYPE ¢. Para, 49-1. Palingenia latipennis (Type) Walker, in Eaton’s
writing. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Details as above. The lectotype is a partially moulted
subimago, and the genitalia have been cleared in caustic potash solution and with-
drawn from the subimaginal skin for figuring. They are consequently very transparent.

314 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Campsurus quadridentatus Eaton, 1871, p. 58, pl. 3, fig. 13.
HoLotyPeE ¢ in Dale collection, University Museum, Oxford.

Family PALINGENIIDAE

Anagenesia ampla Eaton, 1883, p. 26, pl. 1, fig. 1c (as Palingenia (Anagenesia)).
(Text-fig. 63)

LecToTYPE g. SAR. (Wallace). Borneo, 56-14. Amagenesia ampla Ein., Type,
D. E. Kimmins det. 1950. The 2 3, 1 9 in the Selys collection, mentioned by Ulmer
(19244, p. 30) as labelled SAR., and later (1939, p. 458) indicated by him as “‘ Typen ”’
are no doubt part of the type-series, although Eaton did not specify how many
examples he had studied, nor to which collection they belonged. I do not consider
that Ulmer’s citation of “‘ Typen ” can be interpreted as designation of a lectotype.

Anagenesia javanica Eaton, 1883, p. 27, pls. 1, 2, figs. 1d (as Palingenia (Ana-
genesia)).
Types in Leiden Museum.

Anagenesia lata (Walker), 1853, p. 550 (as Palingenia).
(Text-fig. 64)
LECTOTYPE 3. Silhet, 45-33. 10. Palingenia lata.

Anagenesia minor (Eaton), 1892c, p. 408 (as Palingenia).
TyYPEs originally in Indian Museum, Calcutta; now possibly in collection of

Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. One male paratype in British Museum (Nat.
Hist.).

Anagenesia robusta (Eaton), 1892c, p. 407 (as Palingenia).

TYPE ¢ originally in Indian Museum, Calcutta; now possibly in collection of
Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. One male paratype in British Museum (Nat.
Hist.). ;

Anagenesia tenera Eaton, 1883, p. 27, pl. 2, fig. 1e (as Palingenia (Anagenesia)).
HoLotyPe ¢ in Leiden Museum.

Chankagenesia sibirica (McLachlan), 1872, p. 50 (as Palingenia).
(Text-fig. 65)

HoLotyPe 3. McL. type-label (pink). Irkutsk, 20.v.66. Palingenia sibirica McL.,
in McLachlan’s writing. B.M. 1938-674.

In the original description, McLachlan has somewhat magnified the extent of the
damage to the type. Both hind wings and part of the right fore wing are now missing,
as are most of the legs, the cerci and all but the basal part of the forceps. The remains
of the wings have now been removed, softened and mounted as microscope preparations
On comparing them with the figure of this species given by Demoulin (1952, fig. 2),

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 315

two differences are noted. Firstly MA forks very definitely basal of the origin of
Rs, much more so than in Demoulin’s figure. Secondly, the vein CUP appears
to fuse with ICUA for a short distance, the basal part of the latter vein simulating a
cross-vein. CUP then diverges from ICUA and runs to the wing margin. My figure
is a composite one, based upon the left fore wing (reversed), with the details of the

“IMA
MA2

MP,

CUA,

\ IMP
IcUA cua, MP2

Fics. 63-65. 63, Anagenesia ampla Eaton, ¢ type, genitalia ventral; 64, A. Jata
(Walker), g type, genitalia, ventral. (Scale = 1mm.) 65, Chankagenesia sibirica
(McLachlan), ¢ type, base of fore wing. (Scale = 5 mm.)

base filled in from the right fore wing, this part being damaged in the left wing. I
am not figuring what is left of the male genitalia, as the penis-lobes are somewhat
uniform and lacking in specific characters.

Palingenia albifilum Walker. See Campsurus (Polymitarcidae).
Palingenia ampla Eaton. See Anagenesia.
Palingenia annulifer Walker. See Ecdyonurus.

316 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

Palingenia bicolor Walker. See Isonychia.
Palingenia concinna Walker. See Leptophlebia.
Palingenia continua Walker. See Hexagenia.
Palingenia humeralis Walker. See Coloburiscus (Isonychiidae).
Palingenia ignota Walker. See Isonychia.
Palingenia javanica Eaton. See Anagenesia.
Palingenia lata Walker. See Anagenesia.
Palingenia latipennis Walker. See Campsurus.
Palingenia minor Eaton. See Anagenesia.
Palingenia natata Walker. See Ephemera.
Palingenia nebulosa Walker. See Leptophlebia.
Palingenia occulta Walker. See Hexagenia.
Palingenia papuana Eaton. See Plethogenesia.
Palingenia remota Walker. See Coloburiscus.
Palingenia robusta Eaton. See Anagenesia.
Palingenia sibirica McLachlan. See Chankagenesia.
Palingenia tenera Eaton. See Anagenesia.
Palingenia viridescens Walker. See Hexagenia.
Palingenia vitrea Walker. See Iron.

Plethogenesia papuana (Eaton), 18794, p. 398, figs. a-f (as Palingenia).

TYPES in fluid in Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova. The examples in fluid in the McLach-
lan collection are apparently lost, as no such material came to the British Museum
(Nat. Hist.) with the pinned collection in 1938.

REFERENCES

BREKKE, R. 1938. The Norwegian Mayflies (Ephemeroptera). Norsk Entom. Tidskr. 5 (2) :

55-73-
DEMOULIN, G. 1952. Sur deux Palingeniidae, mal connus. Inst. R. Sci. nat. Belg. Bull. 28 .
(33) : I-11.

1955. Ephéméroptéres nouveaux ou rares du Chili. Ibid. 31 (2) : 1-15.

1955a. Ephéméroptéres nouveaux ou rares du Chili. III. Ibid. 31 (73) : 1-30.

Eaton, A. E. 1868. An outline of a re-arrangement of the genera of Ephemeridae. Ent. mon.
Mag. 5 : 82-01.

1870. On some new British species of Ephemeridae. Tyvans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870 : 1-8.

—— 1871. A monograph on the Ephemeridae. Ibid. 1871 : 1-164.

THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES 317

Eaton, E. A. 1879. Descriptions of two new species of Caenis (Ephemeridae) from Lake
Nyassa. Ent. mon. Mag. 15: 268.

—— 1879a. Palingeniae papuanae, speciei Ephemeridarum novae, diagnosis, auctore A. E.
Eaton, Societatis Entomologicae Londinensis. Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 14 :
398-400.

—— 1881-82. An announcement of new genera in the Ephemeridae. Ent. mon. Mag. 17 :

I9QI-197, 18 : 21-27, 207-208.

1883-88. A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or Mayflies. Tyvans. Linn. Soc.

(2) 3 Zool. : 1-352.

1892. On two new and some other Japanese species of Ephemeridae. Ent. mon. Mag.
28 : 302-303.

+—— 1892a. New species of Ephemeridae from the Tenasserim Valley. Tyvans. ent. Soc. Lond.

1892 : 185-190.

1892b. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoologia, Neuroptera, Ephemeridae, pp. 1-16.

1892c. Notes on some native Ephemeridae in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. J. Asiatic

Soc. Bengal, 50 : 406-413.

1898. Ephemeridae taken by Mr. McLachlan in the district of the Lac de Joux (Swiss

Jura) in 1898. Ent. mon. Mag. 34 : 265-266.

1899. An annotated list of the Ephemeridae of New Zealand. Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.

1899 ; 285-293.

—— 1899a. List of Ephemeridae hitherto observed in Algeria, with localities. Ent. mon. Mag.
35 : 4-5.

1901. Ephemeridae collected by Herr E. Strand in South and Arctic Norway. Ibid. 37:

252-255.

1903. A new species of Ephemeridae from Norway. Ibid. 39 : 30-31.

— 1908. (In Petersen) Bidrag til en Fortegnelse over arktisk Norges Neuropterfauna.
(With a description of a new species of Ephemeridae by A. E. Eaton.) Tromso Mus. Aarsh.
25 : 119-153.

1912. On a new species of Oligoneuria (Ephemeridae) from British East Africa. Ann. Mag.

n. H. (8) 10 : 243-244.

1913. Ephemeridae from tropical Africa. Ibid. (8) 12 : 271-278.

—— 1913a. Ephemeridae of the Seychelles. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 15 : 433.

Kimmins, D. E. 1934. Notes on the Ephemeroptera of the Godman and Salvin Collection, with
descriptions of two new species. Ann. Mag. n. H. (10) 14 : 338-353.

—— 1942. Notes on Ephemeroptera. Entomologist, 75 : 121-125.

—— 1942a. Keys to the British species of Ephemeroptera, with keys to the genera of the
nymphs. Freshw. Biol. Ass. Brit. Emp., Sci. Pub. 7 : 1-64.

1942b. The British species of the genus Ecdyonurus. Ann. Mag. n. H. (11) 9 : 486-507.

—— 1947. New species of Ephemeroptera. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 16 : 92-100.

—— 1949. Ephemeroptera from Nyasaland, with descriptions of new species. Ann. Mag. n. H.

(12) 1 : 825-836.

1954. Caenis robusta Eaton, a species of Ephemeroptera new to Britain. Ent. mon. Mag.
89 : 117-118.

— 1958. The Ecdyonurus helveticus Complex. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 62 : 225-232.

McDunnoueu, J. 1924. New Canadian Ephemeridae with notes. II. Canad. Ent. 56 : 90-08,
113-122, 128-133.

— 1925. The Ephemeroptera of Covey Hill, Que. Trans. R. Soc. Canada, (3) 19 : 207-223.

—— 1926. New Canadian Ephemeridae with notes. IV. Canad. Ent. 58 : 296-303.

— 1929. Notes on North American Ephemeroptera, with descriptions of new species. II.
Ibid. 61 : 169-180.

— 1931. The Eastern North American species of the genus Ephemerella and their nymphs.
Ibid. 63 : 187-197, 201-216.

—— 1931a. New North American Caeninae with notes. Ibid. 63 : 254-268.

318 THE EPHEMEROPTERA TYPES OF SPECIES

McLacHLaNn, R. 1868. On a new species belonging to the Ephemerideous genus Oligoneuria
(O. trimeniana). Ent. mon. Mag. 4 : 177-178.

—— 1872. Matériaux pour une faune névroptérologique de 1l’Asie septentrionale. Part 2,
Non-Odonates. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 15 : 47-77.

——1873. Oniscigaster wakefieldi, a new genus and species of Ephemeridae from New Zealand.
Ent. mon. Mag. 10 : 108-110.

—— 1874. On Oniscigaster wakefieldi, the singular insect from New Zealand, belonging to the
family Ephemeridae ; with notes on its aquatic conditions. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 9 : 139-

146.

1875. A sketch of our present knowledge of the Neuropterous fauna of Japan (excluding

Odonata and Trichoptera). Tvans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1875 : 167—190.

—— 1894. On two small collections of Neuroptera from Ta-chien-lu, in the Province of Szechuan,
Western China, on the frontier of Thibet. Ann. Mag. n. H. (6) 13 : 421-436.

1894a. Some additions to the neuropterous fauna of New Zealand, with notes on certain

described species. Ent. mon. Mag. (2) 5 : 238-243, 270-272.

PHILLIPS, J. S. 1930. A revision of New Zealand Ephemeroptera. Tvans. N.Z. Inst. 61 : 271-
390.

SCHOENEMUND, E. 1930. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 19. Eintagsfliegen oder Ephemeropteren.

- -iv + 106 pp.

SpieTH, H. T. 1940. The North American Ephemeropteran species of Francis Walker. Ann.
ent. Soc. Amer. 33 : 324-338.

1941. The North American Ephemeropteran Types of the Rev. A. E. Eaton. Ibid. 34:

78-98.

TILLYARD, R. J. 1934. The Trout-food Insects of Tasmania. Part I. A study of the genotype
of the mayfly genus Atalophlebia and its life-history. Papers R. Soc. Tasmania 1933 (1934) :
I-16.

TRAVER, J. R. 1935. Im Needham, Traver and Hsu, The Biology of Mayflies. Ithaca, N. York.
pp. vii + 749.

UENo, M. 1931. Contributions to the knowledge of Japanese Ephemeroptera. Amnot. zool. Jap.
13 : 189-232.

ULMER, G. 1924. Einige alte und neue Ephemeropteren, Konowia, 3 : 23-37.

1939. Eintagsfliegen von den Sunda-Inseln. Arch. f. Hydrobiol. 1939, Suppl. Bd. 16

443-092.

—— 1942-43. Alte und neue Eintagsfliegen aus Siid- und Mittelamerika. Stettin. ent. Zig. 103:
98-128; 104: 14-46.

WALKER, F. 1853. List of the Neuropterous Insects in the British Museum, 3.

—— 1860. Characters of undescribed Neuroptera in the collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq.

Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 5 : 176-199.

1924a. Ephemeropteren von den Sunda-Inseln und den Philippinen, Treubia, 6 : 28-91.

a

. —S

THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX
(LEPIDOPTERA : LYCAENIDAE)

AND

TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS
JAMIDES

(LEPIDOPTERA : LYCAENIDAE)

G. E. TITE

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. §
LONDON: 1960

THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX
(LEPIDOPTERA : LYCAENIDAE)

BY

GE TMB, 5

British Museum (Natural History)

Pp. 319-336; Plate 21; 36 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 5
LONDON : 1960

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become
veady. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 9, No. 5 of the Entomological
series.

© Trustees of the British Museum, 1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued July, 1960 ; Price Eight Shillings

THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX
(LEPIDOPTERA : LYCAENIDAE)

By G. E. TITE

THIs group of the genus Jamides Huebner is characterized by its upper surface pattern,
which closely resembles that of the genus Thysonotis Huebner. Fruhstorfer, Grose-
Smith, and others, have provided names for most of the forms contained in the group,
but much confusion exists as to their true relationship, as many of them are con-
fusingly similar. Another source of uncertainty is that Fruhstorfer’s pl. 1 and 11
in Arch. Naturgesch. (81, A6) are incorrectly numbered ; these double-page plates
should be renumbered from left to right horizontally across both pages, when the
figures will be found to be consistent with the text.

The male claspers are—except in the case of J. aleuas—of the same general
conformation. The main dorsal portion (the valve) is an elongated oval, inwardly
concave, and furnished with minute teeth along the distal edge ; this is accompanied
ventrally by a slighter cylindrical process (the harpe) which is often ornamented
with a small projecting point or hook usually pointing towards the dorsum. J. aleuas
despite its external likeness to J. euchylas and its congeners is out of place in this
group ; in contrast to the forms already mentioned, its clasper has the main portion
situated ventrally and a thin spine-like process dorsally, the whole being very like
that of J. philatus. A general external similarity on both surfaces in the races here
grouped under euchylas Hubner and aruensis Pagenstecher would suggest subspecific
relationship, but examination of the male structure reveals differences which,
though certainly geographical, would appear incompatible with so close a kinship.
In view of these differences, although there is a strong probability that these forms
originated from a common ancestor, it is deemed better to treat euchylas and
mimetica as one species and to group all the other forms as subspecies of arvensis.

KEY FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE SPECIES

1. A blue or white crescent enclosing the tornal spot on the hind wing beneath . . aleuas
— Without the crescent, but with a pair of parallel metallic blue dashes in place of it . 2
2. With additional pairs of blue dashes in cellule 3, and sometimes also in cellule 4 coritus
— With blue dashes in cellule 2 only ‘ ; : ; ‘ : : : 3
3. All submarginal lunules metallic blue . : ; : ‘ . nemophila
- The submarginal lunules whitish : aici differences) : : ‘ é 4
4. Valves short. ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ : ; euchylas
- Valves long and curved ‘ ; : A , ’ , : ‘ . aruensis

ENTOM. 9, 5. 25§

322 THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX
Jamides euchylas (Huebner)
(1) J. euchylas euchylas Huebner
(Text-figs. 1 and 17)

Pepliphorus euchylas Huebner, 1819, Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 71.

Papilio hylas Cramer, Pap. Exot. 4: 142, pl. 363, f. E, F. (Nom. preocc.)

Jamides gamblea Swinhoe, 1916, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 (18) : 209 (male not female).
Pepliphorus hylas ab. plumbeus Rothschild, 1915, Novitates Zoologicae, 22 : 138.

Huebner used the name euchylas for hylas Cramer and referred to Cramer’s figure ;
no mention of a habitat is made by either author, but fortunately the figure is
sufficiently accurate to leave no doubt that it represents the Ceram-Amboina race.
The types of gamblea Swinhoe are in the British Museum (Natural History) ; the
male holotype is euchylas, but the female allotype is definitely covitus Guerin. The
type of ab. plumbeus Rothschild is a leaden lavender coloured male from Ceram ;
this colour is the result of damp, or chemical action, which has caused the scales
to shrivel and curl, and is not a natural condition—so the name is unnecessary.
Male euchylas show a diffusely edged and diminutive white band on the fore wing
above, further obscured by a scattering of blue scales.

The valve is short and broad, rounded at its extremity, and at two-thirds of its
length the long and somewhat club-like harpe arises and extends far beyond the
valve end. The aedeagus is short, angled ventrally towards the base, and at the
other extremity is a small curved ventral spine which is composed of such thin
and diaphanous material that some care in focusing is needed to bring it into view.

DISTRIBUTION. Ceram, Amboina, Amahai, Saparua, and Gisser.

(2) J. euchylas mimetica (Toxopeus MS.) ssp. n.
(Pl. 21, figs. 1-4. Text-fig. 2)

A male and female in the series from Buru in B.M. (N.H.) each bear a label
“ Peplodyta euchylas mimetica Tox. Paratype ’’; a search of the literature has revealed
no mention of this name, and it must be presumed that Toxopeus never carried
out his intention of publishing it. In contrast to the preceding race, the Buru
males possess a very wide white band (wider in fact than that of any other member of
the group) which reaches a width of at least 7 mm. at the inner margin of the fore
wing. On the female upperside the blue area of the fore wing is extended almost to
the costa, so that that margin is only thinly bordered with black. The black distal
margins are also narrower than those of euchylas. The male genitalia are similar
to those of euchylas.

$ Holotype : North Coast of Buru, xi.g7, W. Doherty, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16443.
2 Allotype: Kayeli, Buru, iii.g7, W. Doherty, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16444.

Other examples: As holotype, 2 3,1 2; Kayeli, iii-x.97, W. Doherty, 5 3,29:
Wakollo, Centr. Buru, v.92, Martin Exp., 1 2; Buru, Hewitson Coll., 1 9.

THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX 323

Jamides aruensis (Pagenstecher)
(x) J. aruensis ariel Fruhstorfer
(Text-figs. 4 and 19)

Lampides euchylas ariel Fruhstorfer, 1915, Zool. Meded. 1: 141.
Lycaena euchylas Staudinger, 1888, Exot. Schmett., t. 94.
Lampides euchylas ariel Seitz, 1924, Macrolep. 9, pl. 1517.

The male is deeper blue above than the other races, with rather narrow white
bands, and heavy dark margins on all wings. The female upperside is well represented
in Seitz’s figure—though that is said by the author to depict a male; the narrow
margins, increased blue areas, and clearly visible submarginal spots on the hind
wing, render it unlike any other. Beneath, the tornal black spot on the hind wing
is crowned with a rusty ochreous crescent. The valves—in comparison with those
of euchylas—are longer, and are furnished with larger teeth on their distal edges.
In ariel the harpe arises much nearer the base at a point less than one-third of the
valve length. It is shorter and slighter than that of ewchylas, not extending as far
as the extremity of the valve ; its apex terminates in a sharp point directed dorsally.
The aedeagus also is longer and the small ventral hook is represented by a much
more robust and finger-like process.

DISTRIBUTION. Key Islands.

(2) J. aruensis gloriel Hulstaert
Lampides euchylas gloriel, Hulstaert, 1924, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 64: 80, Har, Grande Key.

Hulstaert’s description is too brief for the formation of any precise opinion, but
it is probable that gloriel will fall as a synonym of ariel. The male is said to differ
only by its greater size, and the only female is described as “‘ Grande, sa bordure
noire tres mince, de I cm. seulement ’’. There would seem to be some mistake here,
as a width of I cm. would be very wide indeed, and it is hardly conceivable that
I cm. could have been intended.

(3) J. aruensis aruensis Pagenstecher
(Text-figs. 9-20)
Cupido euchylas v. aruensis Pagenstecher, 1884, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 37: 190, Aru.

Easily distinguished by the ochreous submarginal lunules in cellules 1, 2, and 3,
on the underside of the hind wing. The male genitalia differ from those of ariel by
their greater size, unpointed harpes, and the longer and slightly curved ventral
hook of the aedeagus.

DISTRIBUTION: Aru Islands.

(4) J. aruensis umbriel Fruhstorfer

Lampides euchylas umbriel Fruhstorfer, 1915, Zool. Meded. 1: 141, Waigeu.
Pepliphorus hylas waigeuensis Joicey & Talbot, 1917, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 (20) : 220, Waigeu.
Lampides euchylas umbriel Seitz, Macrolep. 9, pl. 151i, J and 9.

324 THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX

Similar in appearance above to aruensis, with wide white areas in both sexes,
but without ochreous lunules in the anal area of the hind wing beneath. This and
the next following subspecies have very similar genitalia characterized by large
size, very bent and slightly twisted valves, and the long undulate harpes which
project far beyond the ends of the valves. The ventral hook on the aedeagus is
short and curved somewhat like that of euchylas, but altogether more robust.

DISTRIBUTION. Waigeu.

(5) Jamides aruensis poliamus Fruhstorfer
(Text-figs. 3 and 18)
Lampides euchylas poliamus Fruhstorfer, 1915, Zool. Meded. 1 : 141, Salawati.

Very like uwmbriel, but with a narrower white band in both sexes; this feature
is especially noticeable on the underside. In the female the blue areas are more
extensive on all wings. The male genitalia do not differ perceptibly from those of
the closely allied wmbriel.

DIsTRIBUTION. Mysol, Salawati, and West Dutch New Guinea.

(6) J. aruensis minor Rothschild
(Text-figs. 5 and 22)
Pepliphorus nemophila minor Rothschild, 1915, Lep. Rep. Brit. Orn. Un. Exp. p. 28, Utakwa
R.

Lampides euchylas corana Seitz, Macrolep. 9, pl. 152a.
Lampides euchylas £. corana Fruhstorfer, 1915, Zool. Meded. 1 : 142, Central New Guinea.

A well differentiated form resembling euchylas euchylas, in which the male is
remarkable for the reduction of the white areas above ; that of the fore wing being
much suffused with blue and in some specimens scarcely visible ; that of the hind
wing is narrow and—unlike that of ewchylas—has a concave outer margin. Beneath,
the white band is also narrow and often somewhat obscured by fuscous. The speci-
mens collected from the Utakwa River by Wollaston are listed by Rothschild under
three headings: Pepliphorus hylas Cramer, Pepliphorus nemophila Butler, and
Pepliphorus nemophila minor Rothschild, but are all referable to J. aruensis corana
or J. coritus. The type of minor Rothschild is a small and discoloured example.
The male organs are like those of avwensis, but the harpe is rounded and club-like,
and the hook on the aedeagus is quite straight.

DISTRIBUTION. Utakwa R., Setekwa R., and Ejilanden R., all in SE, Dutch
New Guinea.

EHE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX 325

(7) J. aruensis dinawus ssp. n.
(Text-figs. 10 and 21)

A small race, the length of fore wing in the males ranging between 16 and 18 mm.,
and in the only female 18 mm. The blue ground colour in the male is rather deeper
blue than that of poliamus, and the white areas—above and below— are usually
narrower ; otherwise both sexes are not externally distinguishable from poliamus.
In the male genitalic features however this race comes much nearer minor; the
harpe is straight and club-like, not extending so far as the valve end, and the aedeagus
also is similar to that of minor.

3d Holotype: Dinawa, Brit. N. Guinea, 4,000 ft., vii.1g02, A. E. Pratt. B.M.
Type No. Rh. 16445. ;

2 Allotype: Aroa R., Brit. N. Guinea. B.M. Type No. Rh. 16446.

Other examples: As holotype, vii-ix.1902, 2 g; as allotype, 6 ¢; Ekeikei,
B. C. N. Guinea, 1,500 ft., iii-iv.1903, A. E. Pratt, 3 $; Redscar Bay, B. N.
Guinea, 1894, I J.

Jamides nemophila (Butler)

All the nemophila races can be readily identified by the complete series of pale
metallic blue lunules on the underside of the hind wing.

(1) J. nemophila nemophila Butler
(Text-figs. 12-15)

Danis nemophila Butler, 1876, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4 (18) : 245, Pt. Moresby.
Lampides epilectus Grose-Smith, 1897, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6 (19) : 179, Fergusson 1.
Lampides epilectus Grose-Smith, 1897, Rhop. Exot., Or. Lyc., pl. xii, figs. 12-13.

Remarkable in the male above for the wide white areas on all wings, and for the
heavy black margins which widen to as much as 2°5 mm. at the apex of the fore
wing ; on the hind wing the large submarginal spots often merge with the margin.
The claspers are much smaller than those of the previous species, and the harpes
never extend as far as the end of the valves. Their rounded extremities are furnished
with a short hook directed dorsally. The aedeagus tapers towards its apex and a long
spade-shaped process projects well beyond the termination of the organ ; this when
viewed in profile has the appearance of a spine.

DISTRIBUTION. Brit. New Guinea, Fergusson I., Goodenough I., and Kiriwini,
Trobriand Is. (Two males and a female in B.M. (N.H.) labelled ‘“‘ Kuranda, Queens-
land, F. P. Dodd’’ are probably not correctly labelled ; the only Australian locality
for the species given by Waterhouse is Darnley Island.)

(2) J. nemophila eclectus Grose-Smith
(Text-fig. 11)
Lampides eclectus Grose-Smith, 1894, Novitates Zoologicae, 1: 589, German New Guinea.

Lampides eclectus Grose-Smith, 1897, Rhop. Exot., Or. Lyc., pl. xi, figs. 12-14.
Lampides euchylas eclectus Seitz, 1924, Macrolep. 9, pl. 151%.

326 THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX

Differs from the preceding race in the narrower white areas above and below and
the dark margins of the male above being not noticeably widened at the apex.

DISTRIBUTION. Mandated New Guinea : Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay, Finschhafen,
Simbang.

(3) J. nemophila paralectus Grose-Smith
(Text-figs. 14-16)
Lampides paralectus Grose-Smith, 1897, Rhop. Exot., Or. Lyc., pp. 7 and 9, pl. xi, f. 17, and

12, f. 1-2, New Ireland.
Lampides paralectus elath Fruhstorfer, 1916, Arch. Naturgesch. 81 (A6) : 33, Neu Mecklenberg.

Fruhstorfer’s remarks on paralectus indicate some confusion; he gives Neu
Pommern (New Britain) as the type locality, and then describes the subspecies
elath from Neu Mecklenberg (New Ireland) and Neu Hanover; whereas Grose-
Smith’s type came from New Ireland and that locality is cited in the original descrip-
tion, so that elath must fall as a synonym of paralectus. Actually there is little
observable difference in the series from New Britain except for a tendency in the
males towards narrower dark margins and smaller submarginal spots above. The
differences given by Fruhstorfer for females of his paralectus and elath are not
apparent, and specimens of both sexes from New Hanover are identical with paralectus.

Above, the male paralectus is very like eclectus, but the female exhibits a great
extension of the blue area on the fore wing at the expense of the black costal margin ;
so that the black scaled veins above the cell stand out clearly on the blue ground.
Beneath, in both sexes, the hind wing submarginal markings are of a more intense
metallic blue than those of nemophila and eclectus, and even the arcuate submarginal
line on the fore wing is of the same colour. The white band on the fore wing is longer,
the tip reaching well into cellule 5. Comparison of the male genitalia with those
organs in nemophila shows that the aedeagus i is decidedly longer and that the small
hook at the extremity of the harpe is more pronounced.

DISTRIBUTION. Bismarck Archipelago.

(4) J. nemophila albipatulus ssp. n.
(Pl. 21, figs. 5-8. Text-fig. 13)

From Rook Island near the western extremity of New Britain comes a race closely
related to paralectus, and having similar genitalia; it exhibits certain consistent
external characters however that render a new name desirable. In size it is larger
(fore wing length in the male being 19-20 mm.), and its general appearance in both
sexes is very similar to the New Ireland race, but the submarginal spots in the male
hind wing above are reduced, and in three specimens are only represented by a dark
interrupted line in cellules 2 and 3; the blue area in the female is shaded with an
admixture of blackish scales that give it quite a blue-grey tone. Both sexes beneath
resemble the preceding race, but the white bands on all wings are wider, and that of the
fore wing is curtailed in cellule 5 by a dusky rectangular shade ; the arcuate sub-

THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX 327

marginal line on the fore wing is whitish, and the hind wing lunules are larger but
finer.

3 Holotype: Rook I., vii.1913, A. S. Meek, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16447.

2 Allotype: Same data. B.M. Type No. Rh. 16448.

Other examples: Rook I., vii—viii.1913, A. S. Meek, 9 3,5 9.

Jamides coritus (Guérin)
(1) J. coritus coritus Guérin

(Pl. 21, figs. 9-10. Text-figs. 8 and 23)

Damis coritus Guérin, 1831, Voy. Coquille (Atlas), t. 18, f. 3, Dory.
Damis coritus Boisduval, 1832, Voy. Astrolabe Ent. 1: 68, Offack and New Guinea.
Lampides euchylas hyphasis Fruhstorfer, 1915, Zool. Meded. 1: 142, Sekroe, Mcluer Bay.

Besides the difference mentioned in the key this species differs from J. aruensis
poliamus above, by having heavy black margins on all wings, and heavy black
submarginal spots on the hind wings ; the latter being even heavier than those of
nemophila. Guérin’s figure is of the upper surface, and portrays these characters
so well that—as nemophila does not occur in Western New Guinea— there can be
no doubt of the identity of Guérin’s insect. The female is like that of J. aruensis
poliamus but the white band is narrower, and the blue area above is reduced so that
it only occupies the cell and the base of the cellules below. In this race the paired
interneural blue streaks are only present in cellules 2 and 3 of the underside hind
wing. In his description of hyphasis, Fruhstorfer mentions the white anteterminal
markings, the three to four interneural anal blue streaks, and the type locality
Sekroe, Mcluer Bay ; these three items indicate almost certainly that his type was
an example of coritus. Unfortunately this type is not in the B.M. (N.H.), and a
male paratype from Triton Bay, and the female allotype from SW. New Guinea
are both referable to J. avuensis poliamus. No doubt the name was erected for a
mixed series which did not wholly conform to the description, and it is very fortunate
that the author stated the locality of the type and gave sufficient evidence of its
identity. The male genitalia are similar to those of nemophila, but both the harpe
and the valve are shorter, and the latter is broader than in that species. The shovel-
shaped structure projects only slightly beyond the end of the aedeagus, and in
profile is curved inwards. Near the termination of the harpe is a curved hook point-
ing outwards and in the same direction as the harpe; in the other coritus races
this hook is straight and directed towards the dorsum.

DIsTRIBUTION. Mysol, Salawati, Dorey Bay, Arfak Mts., Wandesi, I. of Mioswar,
Kapaur, Fak Fak, and Triton Bay.

(2) J. coritus pseudeuchylas Strand

(Text-fig. 7)

Cupido (Lampides) pseudeuchylas Strand, 1911, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl., p. 471, Biwak, Sepik R.
Lampides euchylas phasis Fruhstorfer, 1916, Arch. Naturgesch. 81 (A6) : 34.

Fics. 1-14 valves; 15-23 aedeagi of: (1, 17) Jamides euchylas euchylas ; (2) J.¢. mime-
tica; (3, 18) J. aruensis poliamus; (4, 19) J. a. ariel; (5, 22) J. a. minor; (6) J.
covitus setekwaensis ; (7) J. c. pseudeuchylas ; (8, 23) J. c. coritus ; (9, 20) J. aurensis
avuensis ; (10, 21) J. a. dinawus ; (11) J. nemophila eclectus ; (12,15) J. . nemophila ;
(13) J. n. albipatulus ; (14, 16) J. n. paralectus.

THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX 329

Only differs macroscopically from coritus coritus by a strong tendency to produce
interneural metallic blue bars in cellule 4 of the hind wing. This feature is however
variable, sometimes the bars are vestigial, and occasionally completely missing ;
a series will often present a whole range of intergrades. The small hook on the harpe
is always pointed towards the dorsum.

DIsTRIBUTION. Islands in Geelvink Bay, Humbolt Bay, Mt. Bougainville, Aitape,
Wangaar R., Etna Bay, Aroa R., Vailala R.

(3) J. coritus setekwaensis ssp. n.
(Text-fig. 6)

Varies considerably in size and often produces very large individuals ; the length
of the fore wing in the male ranging from 17 to 23 mm., though most examples are
above 20 mm. The blue tone above is paler and less metallic than that of the fore-
going races, and the dark margins and submarginal spots are less developed. Beneath,
interneural streaks are present only in cellules 2 and 3 of the hind wing as in coritus
coritus. The genitalia are larger than those of the other subspecies, and the hook
at the harpe end is longer and more tapered than that of pseudeuchylas ; it is directed
dorsally.

3 Holotype : Upper Setekwa R., Snow Mts., Dutch New Guinea, 2,000-3,000 ft.,
vii.1919, 4. S. Meek, B.M. Type No. 16449.

2 Allotype : Same data, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16450.

Other examples in B.M. (N.H.) : Same data, 9 g,3 2; Utakwa R., 2,500-3,000
ft., i-ti.1913, A. F. R. Wollaston, 5 3 5 2; Canoe Camp, Utakwa R., xi.1912,
Wollaston, 1 3; Base Camp, Utakwa R., xi-xii.1912, Wollaston 1 3; near Oetakwa
R., up to 3,500 ft., x-xii.1g10, Meek, 1 3,49; Eilanden R., SE. Dutch New Guinea,
Ig10-12, Meek, 4 g, I 8.

Jamides aleuas (Felder)

In addition to the structural characters mentioned in the preface this species
can always be recognized by the pattern of the underside. The dark portions of all
wings are uniform fuliginous, and are without any indication of the pale edged
median series of maculations to be seen in all the preceding species ; the submarginal
markings are however much in evidence, especially in the hind wings, where the
distal row are distinctly wedge-shaped. A number of geographical races have evolved,
which differ in such characters as the blue tone of the males above and the width of
the white or blue cuneiform spots on the underside of the hind wing.

(1) J. aleuas coelestis Miskin

Danis coelestis Miskin, 1891, Ann. Queensid. Mus. 1 : 50, Queensland.
Lampides aleuas coelestis Seitz, 1923, Macrolep. 9, pl. 1426.

This, the most divergent race of the collective species, is easily recognized by the
bright shining blue colour of the male above, the almost greenish-blue of the blue

330 THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX

areas in the female, and by the large and very white submarginal series of wedge-
spots beneath on both fore and hind wings.
DISTRIBUTION. Queensland.

(2) J. aleuas sarsina Fruhstorfer
Lampides aleuas sarsina Frustorfer, 1916, Arch. Naturgesch. 81 (A6) : 31, Aru.

The blue areas in both sexes are deeper and softer blue than the preceding. On
the under surface the submarginal wedge-spots are smaller, and though those on
the hind wing are white, those on the fore wing are metallic blue.

DISTRIBUTION. Aru.

(3) J. aleuas nitidus ssp. n.

Male upperside: The black margins are heavy, 2-3 mm. at the fore wing apex ;
the blue areas rather more intense than in sarsina ; the white area on the fore wing
is intersected by the markedly blue scaled veins. Female upperside: Very like
that of sarsina ; the blue areas are more extensive ; that of the fore wing covering
the base of cellule 2, the whole of the discoidal cell, and extending into the black
area almost to the costa. Underside: As in sarsina in both sexes, but the hind wing
cuneiform spots are often tinted with whitish-blue.

3 Holotype: Upper Aroa R., Brit. N. Guinea, A. S. Meek, B.M. Type No. Rh.

16451.

2 Allotype : Same data, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16452.

Other material in B.M. (N.H.) examined ; Sattleberg, Germ. N. Guinea, xii.1905,
C. Wahnes, 3 3; Simbang, 1 3,19; Germ. New Guinea, 1 ¢; SaribaI., A. S. Meek,
5 6; AroaR., A. S. Meek, 3 3,3 2; Dinawa, Brit. N. Guinea, A. E. Pratt, 4 3
4 2; Port Moresby, 3 g, 2 2; Hydrographer Mts., B.N.G., Eichhorn Bros., 2 3;
Brown R., B.N.G., 98, Weiske, 2 g¢; Kebia, B.N.G., A. E. Pratt, 1 g; Ekeikei,
B.N.G., A. E. Pratt, 1 9.

(4) J. aleuas aleuas Felder
Lycaena aleuas Felder, 1865, Reise Novara Lep. 2: 268, Tab. xxxiii, figs. 15-16, Mysol.

This and all the following subspecies have all the submarginal markings on the
underside—including the cuneiform spots—brilliant metallic blue. In aleuas the
white areas on both surfaces are somewhat restricted in both sexes.

DISTRIBUTION. Mysol.

(5) J. aleuas alcas Felder
(Text-figs. 24 and 25)
Lycaena alcas Felder, 1865, Reise Novara Lep. 2 : 268, pl. xxxiii, figs. 27-28, Waigeu.

The male is very like that of alewas, but the white areas on all wings beneath
are distinctly wider. In the female these areas on both surfaces are similarly extensive,

THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX 331

and the blue area on the fore wing extends—like that of nitidus—almost to the
costa.
DISTRIBUTION. Waigeu.

ae

f So

Fics. 24-25. Jamides aleuas alcas 3. (24) Valve; (25) aedeagus.

(6) J. aleuas pholes Fruhstorfer

Lampides aleuas pholes Fruhstorfer, 1916, Arch. Naturgesch. 81 (A6) : 32, New Guinea and
Darnley Island.

The author states that the original specimen, or specimens, was or were in the
Courvoisier collection, and gives the locality New Guinea (without further details) ;
he does not designate a type. Enquiries addressed to the Natural History Museum,
Basel, where the Courvoisier collection is now preserved, elicited a reply from Dr.
Huber in which he said that pholes was not represented in the collection, and that
the name does not appear in the catalogue. This suggests that either the type has
been lost, or that Fruhstorfer omitted to label it. In the absence of the type, careful
study of the description suggests at once that it refers to specimens identical with
a series in the B.M. (N.H.) coming from various somewhat scattered localities
in Dutch New Guinea. The male is deep blue above, almost as deep a colour as that
of allectus, and the white area on the fore wing is variable in extent, but always
less than that of alewas, and in some examples reduced almost to vanishing point.
In the female the white areas are also reduced, but not as much as in that sex of
allectus. On the underside the wedge-shaped spots are in some individuals whitish-
blue ; they are never as white as those of coelestzs.

DISTRIBUTION. Dorey Bay, Manokwari, Arfak, Weyland Mts., Fak Fak, Utakwa
R., and Schouten Is.

(7) J. aleuas allectus Grose-Smith
Lampides allectus Grose-Smith, 1894, Novitates Zoologicae, 1 : 576, Humbolt Bay.

Above the male is darker blue, with dark margins of approximately I mm.,
and with, on the hind wing, dusky marginal spots as in J. coritus.
DISTRIBUTION. Humbolt Bay.

332 THE JAMIDES EUCHYLAS COMPLEX
(8) J. aleuas jobiensis ssp. n.

A short series from the island of Jobi have affinities with allectus yet exhibit
differential characters of subspecific importance. These two races stand apart
from all the others in their much deeper blue colour, and by the presence of dusky
submarginal spots on the upperside of the male hind wing. The females are without
any blue areas above, a character which they share only with the ssp. sarmice
Fruhstorfer. In the following description all comparisons are with allectus Grose-
Smith. Male: Above deep blue of a more violaceous tint ; dark margins slightly
wider, and on the hind wing fused with the submarginal spots ; the white areas of
variable extent on the primaries, and wider than in allectus on the secondaries.
Female: Above, with the white areas wider and less smoky, although somewhat
blurred at the edges. Underside in both sexes: White areas all more extensive ;
that of the secondaries widening from approximately 5 mm. at the centre of the
wing to 7 mm. at the costa; that of the primaries reaching distally almost to the
inner row of blue lunules. The blue markings are all smaller so that, on the secondaries
the row of cuneiform spots appears to be a greater distance from the inner series
of lunules ; the black intervening areas being correspondingly enlarged.

3 Holotype: Ansus, Jobi, iv-v.97, W. Doherty, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16453.

2 Allotype : Same data, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16454.

Other examples: Same data, 3 g, 2 2; Ansus, Jobi, 1892, Doherty, 3 3, I 2;
Jobi, 2 3, 2 9.

(9) J. aleuas sarmice Fruhstorfer
(Pl. 21, figs. 11-12)
Lampides aleuwas sarmice Fruhstorfer, 1916, Avch. Naturgesch. 81 (A6) : 32, Neu Mecklenberg.

There are no specimens of alewas from the Bismark Archipelago in the B.M. (N.H.),
and as far as is known the female type—now in the Natural History Museum,
Basel—is unique. Thanks are due to Dr. F. Keiser and Dr. A. Huber of that institu-
tion for their kind co-operation in supplying a photograph of the type from which
the figure on Pl. r has been produced.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS JAMIDES
(LEPIDOPTERA LYCAENIDAE)

By G. E. TITE
British Museum (Natural History), Tring, Herts.

THE two new species described below both exhibit a characteristic that has been
observed in some other members of the genus Jamides Huebner ; namely, that both
are linked by the structure of the male genitalia with species of quite dissimilar
external appearance, while showing the outward characters of other species whose
genitalic structure is very distinct. The types and other material examined are
in the British Museum (Natural History).

Jamides puloensis sp. n.
(Text-figs. K, L, & M)

The upper side of the male is shining white with, in some lights, the least suspicion
of blue, and the pattern of the underside is distinctly visible shining through from
below. A hair-like dark marginal line, and a short irregular broken bar at the
tornus, are the only other markings on this surface. In the fore wing of the female
the white ground is restricted by a wide dusky margin, which attains a width of
8 mm. at the costa, and at its narrowest point at vein three is at least 4mm. The
hind wing is bounded by a dark marginal line, which is followed by a series of clear
black submarginal spots, and they in turn are followed by a series of dusky lunules ;
the tornal submarginal spot of the series is large, and between it and the accompany-
ing dusky lunule are lunules of blue and yellow. The costal area above vein six
is dusky. In both sexes the fringes are fuscous, quite plain on the fore wing, those
on the hind wing are however whitened interneurally at the base, and so have a
checkered appearance. The white striping, its disposition, and the prominent
orange area above the tornal spot of the hind wing, can best be understood by
reference to Text-fig. L. Size is evidently a variable character ; the length of the
fore wing varies considerably, one male being 19 mm., three are 15 mm., and the
two females are 16 and 18 mm. respectively.

Although in general appearance this species resembles some forms of J. aratus
Cramer, the male genitalia are definitely of the same structure as those of J. cyta
Boisduval, exhibiting the same bifid clasper with its dorsal half displaying an outward
pointing sickle-shaped hook ; the ventral portion is, however, somewhat spatulate,

Fics. AtoM. Some New Jamides. A-d¢ uppers., B-unders. hindw., of J. avatus lunata ;
D-¢ uppers., C-¢ unders., hindw., F—¢ clasper., G—aedeagus, of J. fractilinea; E-3
clasper, H—aedeagus, of J. celeno optimus ; K-g aedeagus, L-$ unders., M—¢ clasper , of
J. puloensis,

TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS JAMIDES 335

and much wider than the rod-like process in cyfa. The aedeagus is longer and more
slender than that of cyia. ;

$ Holotype: Pulo Laut, Borneo, vi.1891, Doherty, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16455.
2 Allotype: same data, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16456. Other examples: same
locality, v. and vi.1891, 3 3, I 9.

Jamides fractilinea sp. n.
(Text-figs. C, F, & G)

The male is above very like that of J. avatus lunata de Niceville also from Celebes,
but it differs as follows :—the fore wing is pointed; the marginal black band is
represented by ill-defined lunules, and only reaches as far as vein four; the sub-
marginal lunules—when present—are always indistinct, and they also do not
proceed beyond vein four. The hind wing is identical with that of /unata. The
female is dingy brown on the upper surface, only in occasional instances somewhat
lighter in the centre and at the base of the fore wing; whereas in Junata many
examples exhibit a large basal whitish area which often covers more than a third
of the wing. Marginal markings on the hind wing consist of a marginal dark line,
a white line, inwards of which is a series of black half-moon shaped spots vaguely
encircled by yellowish white. Beneath, the pattern is similar to that of Junata but :—
the ground colour is dull earthy brown ; the submarginal spots are chocolate, and
contrast noticeably with the series of black lunules ; all the white discal markings
are narrower, and more widely spaced; the portions of the paired white median
lines above vein three on the fore wing are evenly arched. The differences on the
hind wing are explained by the figures B and C, in which the white lines have been
lettered from a to d, and the interneural spaces numbered from I to 4 ; this facilitates
reference to any portion of a line, thus a4 is the outermost stripe in interspace 4.
In fractilinea it can be seen that :—the line a is nearer to the series of submarginal
lunules, so much so that a3 is often united with lunule 3; it is also set at a more
acute angle ; line 0 is represented in the figure by the stripes 04 and 05 only ; stripes
c2 and c3 are moved outwards to a point midway between lines c and 0, breaking
the continuity of the line c ; the line d is similarly broken by the outwards displace-
ment of d2. These apparently slight characters obtain throughout the series.
Notwithstanding the great divergence of external characters, the male armature
points to kinship with Jamides celeno Cramer, and shows no affinities at all with
the externally similar J. avatus lunata. The valves are bifid, similar in general
conformation to those of celeno, but their extremities are equally rounded, and their
two arms are of approximately equal length. The aedeagus is shorter, stouter in
proportion, and the terminal spine-like process is longer.

6 Holotype: Macassar, Celebes, 1896, Doherty, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16457. 92
Allotype: as holotype, B.M. Type No. Rh. 16458. Other material examined :
same data 21 J, 25 2; Macassar, ix.1896, A. Everett, 1 3; S. Celebes, vii-ix.18g1,
W. Doherty, 8 3, 10 9; Pic de Bonthain, 1-2,000 m., 1896, W. Doherty, 4 3, 1 92;
Region basse entre Maros and Tjamba, 1896, W, Doherty, 5 3, 9 2 ; Samanga, xi.,

336 TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS JAMIDES

Fruhstorfer, 2 3; Lompa Battau, S. Celebes, 3,000 ft., iii.1896, Fruhstorfer, 2 ¥,
Bua Kraeng, S. Celebes, 5,000 ft., 11.1896, Fruhstorfer, 2.3; Toli Toli, N. Celebes,
xi1-xii. 1895, Fruhstorfer, 1 3; Sula Mangoli, x.1897, W. Doherty, 1 3.

PLATE

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 5.

‘(adAjojoy)

IIIUMADS SDN

(g-S) ! vargamawm spjdAyona

ajo ‘[ yo owes (ZI-11

)

‘

‘© sngisoa snqisoa ‘[ Jo ‘s1apun
‘[ Jo ‘srapun & (F) “siaddn & (€) ‘aptsrapun £ (z) ‘aprsroddn © (1) ‘xetduiog svzAyana sapuun [

Iz ‘aLVI1d

(

OI

Ol

)

‘sioddn

(

6

)

: snyngodiqiy vprydowmau * [

jo owes

‘ZI-I ‘ssl

NOTES ON /
EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA,
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES

D. E. KIMMINS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 6
LONDON : 1960

NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA,
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

BY;

Dee, KIMMINS ‘s

Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natdral History)

Pp. 337-355 : 10 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 6
LONDON: 1960

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 9, No. 6 of the Entomological
series.

© Trustees of the British Museum, 1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued August, 1960 Price Seven Shillings

NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA,
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

By D. E. KIMMINS

TuIs paper is based upon material collected by Drs. P. S. Corbet, R. Hartland-Rowe
and A. Tjénneland, chiefly in Uganda. Most of the material including the types of
new species, has been presented to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), for which
the author wishes to express his thanks to the respective donors. Notes are given
on various species of Cloéon, Procloéon, Centroptilum and Adenophlebiodes, two
new species are described and one homonym is re-named. Publication of notes
on species of the family Caenidae has been postponed pending the completion of
revisionary work being undertaken by Mr. Thomas B. Thew, of East Moline, Illinois.

Family OLIGONEURIIDAE
Elassoneuria candida Eaton
(Text-fig. 1)

UcanpDA: Victoria Nile, Karuma Falls, 1959 (P. S. Corbet).

This species has been synonymized with trimeniana (McLachlan) by Ulmer
(1916, Ark. Naturg. 81A (7) : 4), but examination of the ventral plates of the female
types of the two species has shown that in tvimeniana the lateral processes of the
ninth segment are about twice as long as the ventral plate, whereas in candida
they are only about as long as the ventral plate. In the present series there is some
variation in the relative length of the lateral processes of the ninth segment, which
may be clearly longer than the ventral plate but not as much as twice as long. It is
possible that examination of a series of females of Elassoneuria from Natal may show
variation overlapping that of the Uganda examples, but for the time being it seems
desirable to keep trimeniana distinct from the Equatorial species candida. Ulmer’s
1916 description of trimeniana was based mainly upon Equatorial specimens and
the Uganda examples conform reasonably to this description.

In 1916 Ulmer makes no mention of the ¢ genitalia, but in 1920 (Stett. ent. Zig.
81 : 128) in his key to the genera of the Oligoneuriidae, he describes the forceps as
being three-segmented, the basal segment very long, the two apical segments very
small. In the Uganda examples there is a microscopic fourth segment ; whether
Ulmer’s examples were really only three-segmented or whether this minute fourth

ENTOM. 9, 6. 26§

340 NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA

segment had been detached or over-looked, one cannot say. Its occurrence in the
Uganda examples removes one of the characters separating Elassoneuria from Oligo-
neuriopsis, but the wing-venation of the Uganda material is definitely that of
Elassoneuria, as figured by Barnard.

Fic. 1. Elassoneuria candida Eaton. ¢ Genitalia, dorsal.

Elassoneuria trimeniana (McLachlan)

Zambezi (Chipepo’s), 20.iv.1956 (G. Fryer).

A single female is referred with some doubt to this species, chiefly on the grounds
that the lateral processes of the ninth segment are much longer than in the type of
candida. The acute points bordering the excision of the ventral plate are asymmetric,
one being longer than the other.

Family HEPTAGENIIDAE
Afronurus ugandanus Kimmins

TANGANYIKA : L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 1I-13.viii. 1956 (P. S. Corbet).

Family BAETIDAE
Cloéon dentatum Kimmins

UGANDA: Jinja, at light, iii.1956 (P. S. Corbet).
Some examples sent by Dr. A. Tjénneland from Jinja differ slightly from the
figure of the paratype in the blunter outline of the arched plate above the forceps-

NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA 341

base. The difference is probably due to the figure having been drawn from a cleared
example ; it is certainly insufficient to be considered a specific character.
DISTRIBUTION. Uganda.

Cloéon scitulum Kimmins

UGANDA: Jinja, 4, 24.v.1956; Entebbe, 31.xii.1955; Albert Nile, Pakwach,
26.iv.1956 (P. S. Corbet).

Kenya: L. Victoria, Kavirondo Gulf, Kisumu, 1956 (P. S. Corbet).

DISTRIBUTION. Nyasaland, Uganda, Kenya.

Cloéon perkinsi Barnard
(Text-fig. 6)

UGANDA: Jinja, vi.1956; Kampala, 6.iv.1956; Entebbe, 1956; Albert Nile,
Pakwach, 26-29.iv.1956 (P. S. Corbet).

TANGANYIKA: L. Tanganyika, Kigoma, 16-20.viii.1956; L. Victoria, Mwanza
Pier, 11-13. viii.1956 (P. S. Corbet).

These East African examples, which I believe to be Barnard’s species, show
considerable variation in the pattern of the abdomen. In a female imago from Jinja,
the pattern agrees quite well with that described and figured by Barnard, but others
show a progressive reduction of the red pigmented pattern until it is much reduced.
In subimagines the narrow lateral line is often absent. I have seen few male imagines
but in the subimagines the red pigment is usually much less pronounced.

In the male imago (alcohol), the turbinate eyes are honey-yellow. Head deep
cream-coloured, ocelli ringed with reddish brown, two basal segments of antenna
marked with reddish at apices. Thorax pale shining brown, legs creamy white.
Wings hyaline with pale veins, except at extreme base of wing, where they are pale
fuscous. Dorsum of abdomen reddish brown, with two narrow, sinuous, yellow
lines enclosing a spot of reddish brown (or forming pale divergent lines, or dark
spots absent) on segments two to seven, and with a pale yellowish lateral line.
Sternites yellowish. Forceps whitish.

DiIsTRIBUTION. S. Africa, Uganda, Tanganyika, ? Gold Coast.

Procloéon areolatum (Navas)

UcanpA: Kampala, Makerere, 16.v.1955, viviparous 9 (R. Hartland-Rowe) ;
Entebbe, 17—18.vi.1958 (P. S. Corbet).
PREVIOUS DISTRIBUTION. Congo.

Procloéon cylindroculum Kimmins
(Text-fig. 6)

UGANDA: Entebbe, 31.xii.1955, 17-18. vi.1958 (P. S. Corbet) ; Jinja, 4.ii1.1954 ;
Kaazi, 16.11.1954 (R. Hartland-Rowe).

342 NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA

A fairly long series taken at light at Entebbe by Dr. Corbet enables me to give
descriptions of the female imago and of the male and female subimagines. First,
however, it is necessary to correct a statement in the original description of the
male abdomen. Lines 3 and 4 from foot of p. 865 should read ‘‘ Abdomen with basal
tergite fuscous, apex translucent whitish.”’

2 Imago (in alcohol). Head whitish, eyes greyish black, posterior ocelli encircled
with black. Antenna white, basal segment marked with black apically on both sides,
second segment white, terminal bristle fuscous. Pronotum white, with two reddish
purple, lateral lines, the upper shorter than the lower, which traverses the entire
thorax as a narrow lateral line to link up with the abdominal lateral line. Ptero-
thorax whitish, faintly yellowish brown above. Legs whitish. Wings hyaline,
with pale fuscous veins, venation as in male. Abdomen whitish, with an interrupted,
reddish purple, lateral line, much as in the figure of the female subimago. Cerci
white, banded at intervals with deep reddish purple.

Length of fore wing, 5 mm.

2 Allotype (in 2% formaldehyde solution) in British Museum (Nat. Hist.).

$ Subimago (in alcohol). Head creamy white, turbinate eyes cylindrical, pale
orange-brown, posterior ocelli bordered on inner margins with purplish black,
antenna whitish. Pronotum whitish, with faint fuscous markings. Pterothorax
pale brownish above, with large creamy white areas. Legs whitish. Wings whitish
hyaline, with white veins. Abdomen whitish, in strongly marked specimens with
a pair of reddish brown spots near apical margin of fourth tergite. A pair of larger
transverse spots near apical margin of seventh tergite and the greater part of the
eighth and ninth tergites reddish, which colour may also extend on to the tenth
tergite. The extreme apical margin of tergites two to seven are finely reddish and
there may be traces of faint fuscous lateral lines on the same segments. Sternites
are whitish as are the forceps. Cerci white, sometimes faintly annulated at intervals
with purplish. The intensity of colour of the tergites varies considerably in indi-
viduals, possibly due to age.

9 Subimago. Ground colour whitish, marked with reddish much as in the imago.

DIsTRIBUTION. Nyasaland, Uganda, Tanganyika.

Procloéon rhodesiae (Barnard)
(Text-figs. 2, 6)

UcanpA: Kampala, Port Bell, 6-7.iv.1956; Jinja, at light, 4.v.1956, I5.vi.
1956, 2.viii.1956; Mbanga Forest, near Mpigi, 1958; Entebbe, 17—18.vi.1958
(P. S. Corbet).

Kenya: L. Victoria, Kavirondo Gulf, Kisumu, 1956 (P. S. Corbet).

TANGANYIKA: R. Malagarazi, Katare, 27.viii.1954 (R. H. Lowe).

Demoulin has retained rhodesiae in Cloéon because the material before him was
lacking in posterior tarsi and Barnard gives no details as to the relative proportions
of the tarsal segments of the posterior legs. I have not examined Barnard’s type
specimens, but there are in the British Museum three females from Salisbury (one

NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA 343

of the type localities), collected in 1900 by G. A. K. Marshall. Though a little faded,
these agree well in the pattern of the costal margin of the wing ; the medio-dorsal
raw sienna stripe on the abdomen is present but the “ triangular castaneous patch
in postero-lateral corner of segments 3-6 dorsally ’’ is present in segments three
and six only. It is possible that the species may vary in this respect or that the
description may be inaccurate. In any case, I do not consider that the difference
between the description and the British Museum examples to be of specific importance.
The important fact is that our examples have the basal! segment of the posterior
tarsus about three times as long as the following segment and the species should
therefore be transferred to the genus Procloéon.

Fic. 2. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of (A) Procloéon rhodesiae (Barnard) and (B) Pseudocloéon
camerunense Ulmer.

The British Museum also has a female with similarly marked wings from Uganda,
Kampala. This example has the triangular, reddish castaneous patches on segments
three and six, but the median dorsal stripe is represented only by reddish transverse
lines at the apices of each segment. Dr. Corbet’s collection contains three females
in alcohol, also from Kampala. In these, the pterostigmatic pattern is stronger than
in the pinned examples and the triangular patches on segments three and six are
reddish but less distinct. I am prepared, however, to accept these examples as
being within the range of variation of Procloéon rhodesiae. To Barnard’s description
of the female can be added that there is a pre-apical reddish ring on each femur,
and that there is a small reddish spot in the centre of the basal margin of the sixth
to ninth segments.

3 Imago (in alcohol). Head creamy white, turbinate eyes dilating dorsally,
pale orange-yellow. Basal segment of antenna with a small black spot externally
at apex. Posterior ocelli with inner margins blackish. Thorax pale brownish above,

1 Strictly speaking, this should be termed the second segment, since the first is fused with the tibia.

344 NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA

with darker markings. Legs whitish, femora with faint reddish pre-apical rings,
Wings hyaline, veins very pale, a small black spot on humeral cross-vein. Abdominal
segments one to seven translucent whitish, lateral trachea marked with a fine
blackish line. Towards apex of each tergite there is a narrow, transverse, reddish
line and in the postero-lateral angle of segments three and six is a reddish brown,
triangular patch. Segments eight and nine opaque whitish, tinged with bright
reddish. Sternites five to eight with a small reddish spot at centre of apical margin.
Forceps whitish. Cerci whitish, with a few deep reddish purple annulations.

In the preserved subimagines the main abdominal pattern can be seen, but there
is little or no trace of the pterostigmatic markings of the female.

P. rhodesiae seems to be closely related to P. aveolatum (Navas), judging by the
figure of the female wing given by Demoulin. The pterostigmatic marking is slightly
more extensive and differs in detail and the basal costal cross-veins are stronger
in areolatum.

Procloéon smaeleni (Lestage)

UGANDA: Kampala, Makerere, 7, 30.v.1955 (R. Hartland-Rowe).
DISTRIBUTION. Congo, Ghana (Gold Coast), Sierra Leone, Uganda.

Pseudocloéon camerunense (Ulmer)
(Text-figs. 2, 3)

UGANDA: Jinja, 17, 22.v., 2.viii., 17.ix.1956; Entebbe, 1956 (P. S. Corbet).
These specimens do not agree exactly in the structure of the male genitalia as
figured by Ulmer. He shows a much more definite point on the inner angle of the

3

Fic. 3. Wing of Pseudocloéon camerunense Ulmer.

forceps-base and the triangular plate appears to come in front of, instead of behind,
the forceps-base. I consider that these are merely differences in interpretation and
not of specific value. There are also slight differences in the abdominal pattern and
the Uganda examples are rather larger.

PREVIOUS DISTRIBUTION. Cameroons.

NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA 345

Baétis ? bellus Barnard

UGANDA: Entebbe, 1956; Jinja, ix-x.1954 (P. S. Corbet).

These two specimens are referred here with some doubt. The abdominal pattern
of the male is faded and obscure but the terminal segment of the forceps is small.
The hind wing has no costal process. This genus is noted for the difficulty of identi-
fying examples specifically and it seems more likely that its taxonomic difficulties
will be solved by a study of the larvae than by multiplying descriptions based upon
faded museum material.

DisTRIBUTION. S. Africa.

Centroptilum montanum sp. n.
(Text-figs. 4-5)

UcanpDA: Mt. Elgon, 11,600 ft., R. Sasa, 29.xii.1954, 11 g (P. S. Corbet).

3g Imago (in alcohol). Head fuscous. Turbinate eyes (somewhat telescoped)
brownish orange, with a definite fuscous margin, lower eyes grey. Antenna fuscous.
‘Thorax chestnut-brown above, paler on sides. Legs medium or pale fuscous. Wings
hyaline, slightly fumose, with brownish veins. Pterostigma with seven to ten
cross-veins. Hind wing with three longitudinal veins, costal process bifid, arising
from a broad base, basal process slender, hooked, apical process much as in dicentrum
Demoulin. Abdominal segments two to seven pale translucent brownish, tergites
two to six or seven with a distinct purplish transverse band at apical margin, remain-
ing tergites very narrowly margined with the same colour. Sternites with similar
but paler bands. Cerci and forceps pale fuscous. Forceps-base deeply divided,
inner angles of each half produced in angular tooth-like callosities. Basal and second
segments fused, terminal segment about one-third as long as one and two together,
sausage-shaped.

Length of fore wing, 7 mm.

3g Holotype mounted as microscope preparations, paratypes in 2% formaldehyde
solution, British Museum (Nat. Hist.). In general appearance this species appears
to be similar to C. dicentrum Demoulin (Kivu, Mt. Muhi), but is rather smaller.
There are fewer pterostigmatic cross-veins, the hind wing is a little broader and the
basal costal process more slender. The forceps appear to differ considerably, especially
in the shape of the forceps-base. The forceps of dicentrum are figured as much closer
together than in montanum, and suggest that the centre of the forceps-base may have
collapsed. C. dicentrum also appears to have the basal and second segments less
completely fused.

Centroptilum loweae Kimmins
(Text-figs. 4, 6)

UGANDA: Entebbe, 1956: Jinja, 14.v.1956 (P. S. Corbet) ; Kaazi, 11.vili.1954
(R. Hartland-Rowe).
TANGANYIKA: L. Victoria, Bukoba, 10.viii.1956 (P. S. Corbet).

340 NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA

The original specimens of C. loweae were considerably bleached and I am therefore
giving descriptions from more recent material.

3 Imago (in alcohol). Head medium fuscous, with two narrow cream stripes
on upper surface between posterior ocelli. Antenna pale fuscous, apical half of
terminal style whitish. Turbinate eyes large, obscuring lower eyes from above,

CL cgae Si

Fic. 4. ¢ Genitalia, ventral, of (a) Centroptilum montanum sp. n., (B) C. lJoweae Kimmins
and (c) C. falcatum Crass, paratype.

NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA 347

dull orange, margin finely bordered with fuscous. Lower eyes blackish. Pronotum
fuscous. Meso- and metathorax shining brown, with scattered whitish areas, more
especially on the sides. Legs whitish, anterior femur pale fuscous. Wings hyaline,
with whitish veins, base of fore wing pale fuscous. Fore wing with four to six complete
costal cross-veins in pterostigma, no costal cross-veins before the bulla. Hind wing
long and narrow, with two longitudinal veins, costal process slender and hooked.

Abdomen whitish, slightly fuscescent, segments two to six translucent, seven to
ten opaque, slightly more fuscous. Segments one to seven each with a fine black
lateral line on each side, about half the length of the segment. Some specimens
show a varying amount of pinkish suffusion. Forceps greyish white. Cerci whitish.
Terminal segment of forceps variable in length, often rather more elongate than in
the type.

Fic. 5. ¢ Wings of Centroptilum montanum sp. n.

3d Subimago (in alcohol). Head creamy white, with sometimes a pinkish flush
above. Turbinate eyes pale orange, not quite as large as in adult. Pronotum creamy
white, with a short, pinkish, transverse bar anteriorly and traces of other pinkish
markings. Thorax creamy white with some fuscous markings on the sutures. Legs
whitish, femora (particularly anterior) faintly fuscous. Wings whitish, with a small
fuscous streak at base of radius. Abdomen with a creamy white ground, in unfaded
specimens with a pinkish pigmented pattern as in Text-fig. 6. Cerci and forceps
whitish.

2 Subimago. Pattern generally less obvious than in ¢ subimago.

In general the Lake Victoria examples are rather smaller than those from L. Nyasa.
The abdominal pattern, particularly in the subimagines, is rather fugitive and tends
to bleach out in alcohol or formalin solutions. The ground colour, described as
whitish or cream, may well be some other colour in life, but which has been completely
dissolved or destroyed in alcohol. In the absence of colour notes made at the time
of collecting, there is no way of telling. C. sudafricanum Lestage (det. Barnard)
also has the fuscous margins to the turbinate eyes in the male, but may be

348 NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA

distinguished by the bifid costal process to the hind wing and by the larger terminal
segment of the forceps.
DISTRIBUTION. Nyasaland, Tanganyika, Uganda.

Centroptilum falcatum Crass

UGANDA: Kampala, Port Bell, 6-7.iv.1956; Entebbe, 31.xii.1955; Jinja, v,
vili-ix.1954; W. Nile, near Laropi, 27-28.iv.1956 (P. S. Corbet); Kaazi, 16-17.
ii.1954 (R. Hartland-Rowe).

TANGANYIKA : L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 11-13. vili.1956 (P. S. Corbet).

Kenya : L. Victoria, Kavirondo Gulf, Kisumu, 1956 (P. S. Corbet).

The rather elongate-oval turbinate eyes of the male, with longitudinal axes diverg-
ing forwards, appear to be a useful recognition character, as is the very small terminal
segment of the forceps.

The preserved examples of what I believe to be C. falcatum Crass show considerable
variation in the degree and type of abdominal pattern. In a paratype of this species
there is now no trace of the pattern described by Crass and I have therefore been
influenced in my interpretation by the structure of the male anal appendages and
the shape of the turbinate eyes. The abdominal pattern of the male imagines and
subimagines varies from almost unicolorous whitish, through a form with narrow,
reddish, apical, transverse lines, to forms with a more or less evident reddish mark
on the sixth tergite and finally to forms with a definite median dorsal line. The
females show a somewhat similar variation. In my preliminary sorting of this
material I provisionally separated them into three possible species, but subsequent
study showed no constant differences in the male genitalia and intergrading in
colour pattern, so that I do not feel justified in considering them as more than one
species. I am giving diagrammatic figures of the abdominal patterns of several
of the forms, in the hope that further study in the field may produce evidence to
confirm or refute my interpretation.

DIsTRIBUTION. S. Africa, Uganda, Tanganyika, Kenya.

Centroptilum medium Crass
(Text-fig. 6)

UGANDA: Jinja, xii.1954, 14, 24.V., 22.vii.1956; Entebbe, 1956; West Nile,
Pakwach, 26, 29.iv.1956 (P. S. Corbet).

This species also has elongate-oval eyes, diverging anteriorly but may be distin-
guished from falcatum by the more elongate apical segment of the forceps and by the
broader hind wing, with a blunter costal process. These specimens differ slightly
in abdominal pattern from Crass’ description but the differences are no more than
might be expected in normal variation.

DIsTRIBUTION. S. Africa, Uganda.

349

NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA

FALCATUM

MEDIUM

wians }

3
6
WJ
u 4
S
‘Wiens D v
eae G\eecrere
WULN3A "WIENS <
rt
fa)
re)
=
‘WIgNS O =
= F} NT
3 4
ort ae aes i .
Be, Mee) Mee SS rf i
"YUVA ‘WIENS P °
Sn7 2Z
SSQy 2 3 i
> : scr
> ee
a
a
3
=
4
Ww
a
0

wigns 9

Cc. FALCATUM

6

|_C. MEDIUM

Pyrocloéon and

dorsal unless otherwise stated) and eyes of Centroptilum spp. g from above.

’

Fic. 6. Diagrammatic drawings of abdominal colour pattern of Cloéon

(

Centroptilum spp.

350 NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA

Centroptilum sudanense Ulmer

UGANDA: Jinja, v.1956; Victoria Nile, L. Kyanga, 1956; Entebbe, 1956
(P. S. Corbet).
DISTRIBUTION. Sudan, Uganda.

Centroptilum flavum Crass

UGANDA: Jinja, 15-24.Vil., 19.ix.1956 (P. S. Corbet).
DISTRIBUTION. S. Africa, Uganda.

Centroptilum notabile Kimmins

UGANDA: Jinja, various dates, 1956 (P. S. Corbet).
TANGANYIKA : L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 11-13.vili.1956 (P. S. Corbet).
DISTRIBUTION. Uganda, Tanganyika.

Family LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE
Adenophlebia burgeoni Navas
(Text-fig. 7)

Ucanpa: Mbanga Forest, near Mpigi, 1958, at M/V light (P. S. Corbet).

The type of this species is a g subimago and I therefore take this opportunity
of figuring the male genitalia from Corbet’s examples. The forceps are rather more
slender than in the dislocans group, and are more gradually tapered. The ventral
hooks of the penis-lobes are less outwardly directed. In the hind wing the apical
margin beyond the costal hump is straight, not concave as in the dislocans group.

Adenophlebiodes (A.) ornatus (Ulmer)
(Text-fig. 8)

Adenophlebia ornata Ulmer, 1916, Arch. Naiges. 81A (7) : 13, figs. 12-14.
Adenophlebiodes ornatus Ulmer, 1924, Konowia, 3: 34.
?Habrophlebia delamarei Verrier, 1951, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 56: 45-46, fig. 1, fg only. (Syn. nov.).

UGANDA: Mbanga Forest, near Mpigi, 1958, at M/V light (P. S. Corbet).

Corbet’s specimens differ slightly from Ulmer’s description and figure in the
paler and less extensive abdominal markings, more resembling the figure of Verrier’s
delamarei. They differ from both Ulmer’s and Verrier’s descriptions in having the
femora banded with purplish black about mid-way. I do not consider these differences
to be of specific importance and it seems likely that Verrier’s species is a synonym
of A. ornatus (Ulmer). The female ascribed by Verrier to delamaret is said to have
the basal half of the fore wing and the posterior wing almost uniformly tinted with
brownish. I have seen similar examples from West Africa which I believe to be

NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA 351

Fic. 7. Adenophlebia burgeoni (Navas). ¢ Genitalia, dorsal, apex of penis-lobes, lateral
and ¢ hind wing.

Figs. 8-9. (8) Adenophlebiodes ornatus (Ulmer), ¢ genitalia, dorsal; (9) A. demoulini
nom. nov., ¢ genitalia, dorsal.

352 NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA

A. bicolor (Crass) and I suspect that Verrier’s female will also prove to be that
species. A new figure of the male genitalia is given.
DISTRIBUTION. Cameroon, Uganda, ? Ivory Coast.

Adenophlebiodes (Hyalophlebia) demoulini nom. nov.

(Text-fig. 9)
Adenophlebiodes decoratus Kimmins, 1956 (nec Navas, 1931), Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent.

4:77.

Dr. G. Demoulin drew my attention some time ago to his paper (1955, Bull. Ann.
Soc. R. Ent. Belg. 91 : 281-290) in which he erects the subgenus Hyalophlebia for
the hyaline-winged species of Adenophlebiodes and also transfers Adenophlebia
decorata Navas, 1931 to the genus Adenophlebiodes. My species was therefore a
homonym of A. decoratus (Navas) at its publication and I have pleasure in renaming

it after Dr. Demoulin. A new figure of the male genitalia is given, for comparison
with that of A. (A.) ornatus (Ulmer).

Hagenulus fasciatus Kimmins

UGANDA: Jinja, 1956 (P. S. Corbet) ; Jinja (A. Tjénneland).

TANGANYIKA : L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 11-13. viii. 1956 (P. S. Corbet).

2 Imago (in alcohol). Head dull fuscous, antennae whitish, eyes blackish. Pro-
notum medium fuscous, margins darker. Thorax warm brown. Legs whitish,
knees fuscous, brown extending about half-way down tibiae. Abdomen pale purplish
brown above, pale fuscous below. Seventh sternite fuscous in its apical third, with
a whitish area in the centre of the margin, simulating an excision. Ninth sternite
produced in a fuscous, parabolic ventral plate with a narrow, truncate apex. Cerci
greyish, with darker basal annulations. Wings as in male.

Length of fore wing, 9 mm.

? Allotype (in 2% formaldehyde solution) in British Museum (Nat. Hist.), collected
and presented by Dr. A. Tjénneland.

Euthraulus bugandensis Kimmins

UGANDA: Jinja, various dates, 1956 (P. S. Corbet, A. Tjénneland).

3 Subimago. Eyes coloured as in imago. Prothorax purplish grey on a cream
ground. Meso- and metathorax warm brown, with cream sutures. Wings pale
grey. Legs whitish, femora each with purplish median and subapical bands, tibiae
with a purplish spot on knees. Abdomen purplish grey above, bases of tergites and
intersegmental membranes whitish. Ventrally creamy white. Cerci and appendages
whitish.

Dr. Tjénneland informs me that the subimagines of E. bugandensis and E. curtus
are easily separable in the field by the colour of the wings. In E. bugandensis they
are “slate ’’ grey and in E. curtus “‘ very pale grey’.

NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA 353

Euthraulus curtus Kimmins

TANGANYIKA: L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 11-13. viii.1956 (P. S. Corbet).
DISTRIBUTION. Uganda, Tanganyika.

Family TRICORYTHIDAE
Tricorythus tinctus Kimmins

UGANDA: Owen Falls Dam, 27.i1.1956; Kagera River, Kuwanda, 19.iv.1955
(P. S. Corbet).

KENYA: Nzoia River, Lwamba Ferry, 19-20.iv.1956 (P. S. Corbet).

DISTRIBUTION. Uganda, Kenya.

Tricorythus maculatus Kimmins

The ¢ type of this species was somewhat defective and rather faded and additional
material from Nyasaland and Uganda makes it possible to fill in some of the gaps
in the original description.

Fore leg with trochanter pale fuscous, femur whitish with fuscous apex, tibia
whitish, fuscous at base and apex, tarsus whitish, faintly shaded with fuscous. Median
leg whitish, femur with a dorsal, pre-apical, fuscous spot. In more strongly marked
specimens, abdominal segments five to seven have a fine blackish lateral line, that
on seven curving round on to apical margin, almost reaching the “ pair of small
apical spots’’. The ‘“‘ small basal triangles’’ on eight and nine may extend as a
pair of parallel blackish lines.

DISTRIBUTION. Nyasaland, Uganda.

Tricorythus longus Ulmer

UcanpDA: Victoria Nile, L. Kyoga (P. S. Corbet).
DISTRIBUTION. Belgian Congo, Uganda.

Tricorythus lanceolatus sp. n.
(Text-fig. 10)

UGANDA: West Nile, near Laropi, 27—28.iv.1956, numerous 3, 9 (P. S. Corbet).

$ Holotype (in alcohol). Head creamy white, eyes black, likewise the bases of
the ocelli. Two faint greyish crescentic marks on vertex and a blackish streak
from each eye on back of head. Antennae very pale greyish. Pronotum with anterior
half pale grey with obscure cream markings, posterior half with two large creamy
spots, separated by a narrow greyish median line, lateral margins broadly, and basal
margin narrowly grey. Meso- and metanota creamy yellow, anterior angles of meso-
thorax greyish. Thoracic pleurae faintly greyish, venter yellowish. Legs pale
creamy white, femora with narrow dorsal grey line. Wings hyaline, costal and sub-

354 NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA

costal areas purplish grey in basal two-thirds, other veins whitish. Abdomen creamy
white, each tergite with a greyish lateral streak and with traces of a pair of median
longitudinal grey streaks. The latter become more distinct on the apical segments.
Cerci whitish, with purplish black annulations. Sternites creamy, with traces of
greyish lateral streaks.

g GENITALIA creamy white. Forceps-base produced apically in a rounded lobe,
the lobe being nearly as long as the main part of the forceps-base. Forceps two-
segmented, basal segment short, cylindrical, rather more than twice as long as wide.
Terminal segment rather more than one and a half times as long as basal, stout at
its base, then tapering to a curved finger about half as wide as basal segment, apex
curved inward. Inner surface rugose. Penis-lobes flattened dorso-ventrally, fused

rie

Fic. 10. Tvicorythus lanceolatus sp.n. g Wing and genitalia, ventral.

except for apical fourth, narrow in basal third, then dilated and broadly lanceolate,
with a narrow apical excision.

2 Allotype (in alcohol). Head with more extensive markings than in male. Pro-
notum greyish, with two pale creamy spots in basal half, smaller than in male and
separated by a greyish band rather broader than the pale spot. Meso- and meta-
thorax yellowish, thickly dusted with greyish dots, venter pale, almost unmarked.
Femora with longitudinal bands of dark grey. Wings hyaline, anterior margin
purplish grey in basal two-thirds. Abdominal tergites heavily dusted with greyish,
with a narrow cream median stripe, and with the lateral margins of tergites one to
seven narrowly cream. Ventrally almost immaculate. Cerci short, whitish. Ventral
plate parabolically produced.

Length of fore wing, 3, 4-4:4 mm., 9, 5-5:6 mm,

3 Holotype and 2 allotype now mounted whole as microscope slides in euparal,
I paratype ¢ dissected and mounted as microscope preparations, remaining para-
types in 2% formaldehyde solution. This species is closely related to T. Jatus Ulmer,

—————

NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN EPHEMEROPTERA 355

and I at first assumed that it was that species. Comparison of preparations with
Demoulin’s figure of the male genitalia of T. Jatus (from a preparation of a syntype)
revealed certain differences in genitalia, which appear to be constant in the material
under review. The most noticeable is the form of the terminal segment of the forceps,
which is relatively shorter and stouter in T. /atus and much more hooked inwards.
The lobes of the penis are more distinctly rhomboidal in shape than in T. Jatus.
Demoulin’s figure does not show the stem of the penis-lobes, but he shows the lateral
margins tapering much more gradually towards the base than in the present species.
Ulmer gives as type localities for 7. Jatus, Leopoldville and Kinchassa (on the R.
Congo) and Bahr el Djebel, source of the Nile. Demoulin’s figures are from Congo
syntypes and I would suggest that one of the Congo specimens in the Institut royal
des Sciences naturelles de Belgique be designated by Dr. Demoulin as lectotype of
T. latus Ulmer. In view of the difference between T. lanceolatus from the West
Nile and 7. /atus from the River Congo, it seems possible that the Bahr el Djebel
specimens may not be conspecific with those from the Congo.

Family EUTHYPLOCIDAE
Exeuthyplocia minima (Ulmer)

UGANDA: Victoria Nile, Karuma Falls, 1959 (P. S. Corbet).
Previously recorded from Congo and Togoland.

Family EPHEMERIDAE
Afromera aequatorialis (Kimmins)

UcanpDA: Entebbe, 1956; Masaka, Busungwe Bay, 21.iv.1956 (P. S. Corbet).

Q
1 7 AUG 1960
4 ¢,

eat L }
ai te,
A

isi

ie
;

i eye
0 hts aad

riety 2 Co
es
ary

NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA
DORATOPSYLLA DASYCNEMA
(ROTHSCHILD)

AND
NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA,
A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

F. G. A. M. SMIT

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 7
LONDON : 1960

NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA
DORATOPSYLLA DASYCNEMA (ROTHSCHILD)
AND
NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA,

A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

BY

F. G. A. M. SMIT

Ku

Pp. 357-367; 9 Text-figures

Pp. 369-388 ; 19 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 7
LONDON : 1960

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, ts
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become
veady. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 9, No. 7 of the Entomological
series.

© Trustees of the British Museum 1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued August, 1960 Price Ten Shillings

NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA
DORATOPSYLLA DASYCNEMA (ROTHSCHILD)

By F. G. A. M. SMIT

ONE of the common fleas specific to shrews in Europe and western U.S.S.R. is
Doratopsylla dasycnema (Rothschild), which is easily identifiable on the structure
of the head (Text-fig. 1). This flea occurs on three of the four genera of shrews
found in Europe, having been collected from Sorex, Neomys and Crocidura but not
yet recorded from Suncus, and seems to show a preference for individuals living in
a wooded habitat ; from the records it would seem that the species is commonest
on Sorex araneus, but it must not be forgotten that members of this species are far
more often examined for fleas than are any of the other European shrews.

Doratopsylla cuspis Rothschild, which is likewise a parasite of shrews, has a more
or less Mediterranean distribution, partially fringing that of D. dasycnema, and is
now regarded as a subspecies of the latter. Yurkina (1952) described Doratopsylla
bifida (from the Ukraine) which I consider to be a synonym of D. d. cuspis, while
Rosicky (1957) described the subspecies D. d. tiflovi (from material from eastern
Czechoslovakia), which I regard as a synonym of D. d. dasycnema ; my reasons for
these beliefs are discussed below. Rosicky, in his paper of 1957, also suggests that
specimens of D. d. cuspis from Zermatt, Switzerland, may represent yet another
subspecies of D. dasycnema and remarks “ Die definitive Identifizierung der Zer-
matter Populationen iiberlasse ich den Kollegen in Tring, die iiber ein umfangreiches
Material dieser wahrscheinlich neuen Subspezies verfiigen.”’

After careful examination of our material of both subspecies I have come to the
conclusion that on this material and on published data no more than two sub-
species can be recognized ; they can be differentiated as follows :

—- $: Movable process of clasper fairly ee when completely flattened only about
thrice as long as wide (Text-figs. 3, 4) ; 2: sinus in the posterior margin of sternum
VII well developed (Text-fig. 7) : , D. dasycnema dasycnema
—- $: Movable process of clasper relatively 1 narrow, when completely flattened out
about five times as long as wide (Text-figs. 5, 6) ; 9: sinus in the posterior margin
of sternum VII absent, poorly developed or small (Text-fig. 8) . D. dasycnema cuspis

Doratopsylla dasycnema dasycnema (Rothschild, 1897)
(Text-figs. 1-4, 7, 9)

Tryphlopsylla [error for Typhlopsylla] dasycnemus Rothschild, 1897, Ent. Rec. 9: 159, pl. 4
Typhlopsylia dasycnemus Roths. Rothschild, 1898, Novit. zool. 5: 540, pl. XVA, figs. 4, 5.
Palaeopsylia dasycnemus Roths. Wagner, 1903, Hor. Soc. ent. ross. 36: 140, 142, pl. 2, fig. 3.
Ctenophthalmus dasycnemus (Roths.). Baker, 1904, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 27: 449.

ENTOM. Q, 7 27

360 NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA

Palaeopsylla dasycnemus (Roths.). Dampf, 1910, Zool. Jb., Suppl. 12 : 632, figs. o, P.

Doratopsylla dasycnemus Roths. Jordan & Rothschild, 1912, Novit. zool. 19 : 62.

Doratopsylla fennica Nordberg, 1935, Memor. Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 10 : 359, 368, figs. 14, 15.

Doratopsylla dasycnema Roths. Rosicky, 1950, Vestn. Csl. zool. spol. 14 : 138-145.

Doratopsylla dasycnemus dasycnemus (Roths.). Smit, 1953, Ent. Medd. 26 : 534.

Doratopsylia fennica Nordberg. Smit, 1956, Opusc, Ent. 21: 132 (placed as a synonym of
D. d. dasycnema).

Doratopsylla dasycnema tiflovi. Rosicky, 1957, Acta faun. ent. Mus. nat. Prag. 2: 25, fig. 1.
Syn. nov.

The movable process of the clasper of D. dasycnema shows considerable apparent
variation in the relative width; this has also been noted for the Far-Eastern
D. coreana by Darskaya (1949, C.R. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S. 68 : 429). Rosicky based
his diagnosis of D. dasycnema tiflovt mainly on the fact that the movable process
is narrower than in the nominate subspecies, but broader than in D. d. cuspis, and
that the tip of this process is regularly truncate.

Although there is actually some individual variation in the width of the movable
process of the clasper in species of Doratopsylla, my experiments have shown that
the apparent great variation, which has caused the description of new forms, is
merely due to accidents of mounting. If the clasper is not completely flattened in
the preparation, the movable process lies longitudinally in an oblique plane, and
therefore appears narrower (and with a more strongly oblique apex) than when
flattened ; this is quite often the case in the species concerned. The holotype of
D. d. dasycnema provides an excellent example of the effect of flattening on the
apparent width of the process: the left-hand process (Text-fig. 4a) is not lying in
a flat plane and appears to be very narrow, whereas the right-hand one (Text-fig. 45)
is more flattened and therefore apparently broader ; the unflattened process is even
narrower than that of D. d. tiflovi. The processes of the clasper of two topotypical
paratypes are shown in Text-fig. 4c, d. Rosicky also mentions a difference in width
of the aedeagal apodeme and of the distal arm of sternum IX ; the variation in the
width of these structures is genuine but is merely individual and is of the same
degree in both subspecies.

The vast distribution of the nominate subspecies is shown in Text-fig. 9; in the
U.S.S.R. D. d. dasycnema goes as far east as the Irtysh river (about 70° E.), while
it is replaced by D. dampfi Argyropulo in the Caucasus and by D. coreana Darskaya
in the Far East.

The distribution shown on the map is based on the following records :

BriTIsH IsLEs: Rothschild, 1897, Ent. Rec. 9 : 159, pl. 4; Rothschild, 1808,
Novit. zool. 5 : 540, pl. XVA, figs. 4,5; Waterston, 1906, Ann. Scot. nat. Hist. (60) :
214; Bagnall, 1913, Ent. Rec. 25 : 225 ; Waterston, 1914, Ent. mon. Mag. 50 : 164 ;
Rothschild, 1915, Ent. mon. Mag. 51 : 80, 103, figs. 66, 67; Scott, 1915, Scot. Nat.
(44) : 254; Bagnall, 1919, Trans. nat. Hist. Soc. Newcastle, 5 : 196; Britten, 1920,
Lancs. Chesh. Nat. 13 : 104; Jeffery, 1923, Proc. Is. Wight nat. Hist. Soc. 1 : 124;
Hamm, 1926, im: Walker, Nat. Hist. Oxford Distr. : 279 ; Slater, 1927, Proc. Somer-
setsh. archaeol. nat. Hist. Soc.’70: LXVIII ; Hallett, 1930, Trans. Cardiff Nat. Soc.
(1928) : 73; Turk, 1946, Ent. mon. Mag. 82: 98 ; Dunnet, 1950, Scot. Nat. 62 : 43;
George, 1954, Ent. Gaz. 5 : 89; George, 1956, Entomologist, 89 : 201, 202; Smit,

NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA 361

Fics. 1-4. Dovratopsylla dasycnema dasycnema (Rothschild). 1. Head and pronotum,
$ (Terschelling, Netherlands) ; 2. Sternum VII and spermatheca (Wilp, Netherlands) ;
3. Clasper and sternum IX (Hilton, Aberdeenshire, Scotland) ; 4. Processes of clasper :
a, left-hand side of holotype ; 6, right-hand side of holotype ; c, d, paratypes (Tring).

362 NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA

1957, Ent. Gaz. 8 : 50; Smit, 1957, Handbks Identif. Brit. Ins. 1 (16) : 35, figs.
66-68 ; George, 1958, Ent. Gaz. 9 : 29.

Hitherto unpublished records (material in Tring collection) from :

Bucksburn and Scotstown (Aberdeenshire), Argyllshire, Kinloch Rannoch (Perth-
shire), Isle of Mull, Elterwater (Westmorland), Reynoldston (Glamorgan), Rilla
Mill and St. Ives (Cornwall), Braunton, Lynton, Hartland Quay and Sidmouth
(Devonshire), Bath, Porlock and Porlock Weir (Somerset), Shrivenham (Berkshire),
Berkhamsted (Hertfordshire), Shepperton (Middlesex), Abinger and Leith Hill
(Surrey), Goring-on-Sea (Sussex) and Higham (Suffolk).

SWEDEN: Wahlgren, 1907, Ent. Tidskr. 28 : 88.

DENMARK : Smit, 1953, Ent. Medd. 26 : 534; Smit, 1954, Danm. Fauna, 60 : 53,
figs. 57-59.

GERMANY: Rothschild, 1898, Novit. zool.5 : 540; Rothschild, 1915, Ectoparasites,
1 : 29.

NETHERLANDS: Smit, 1947, Ent. Ber. 12 : 200; Smit, 1954, Ent. Ber. 15 : 1098.

Hitherto unpublished records (material in Tring collection) from: Nijmegen,
Renkum and Wageningen (all in Gelderland province).

FRANCE: Rothschild, 1915, Ectoparasites,1:29; Jordan, 1931, Novit. zool.36: 227.

SWITZERLAND: Rothschild, 1915, Ectoparasites, 1 : 29; Jordan & Rothschild,
1920, Ectoparasites, 1 : 110. Hitherto unpublished records (material in Tring col-
lection) from Isenfluh (Bern) and Bern.

AusTRIA: Smit, 1955, Cat. Faun. Austr. X1Xz : 3. Hitherto unpublished record
(material in Tring collection) from Rogatsboden (Lower Austria).

YuGOSLAVIA : Wagner, 1930, Acta Soc. ent. jugoslav. 3-4 : 23; Rosicky & Carne-
lutti, 1959, Csl. Parasitol. 6 : 142.

ButcarRiA: Jordan, 1932, Mitt. Natur. Inst. Sofia, 5 :147; Rosicky, 1959, Acta
Acad. sci. czechoslov. brun. 31 : 335.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Rothschild, 1915, Ectoparasites, 1: 29; Jordan, 1932, Novit.
z0ol. 38 : 263 ; Rosicky, 1944, Sborn. ent. Odd. Zem. Mus. Praze, 21-22 : 47 ; Rosicky,
1950, Vestn. Csl. zool. spol. 14 : 138-145; Rosicky, 1952, Acta ent. Mus. nat. Prag.
28: 7,8; Rosicky, 1955, Zool. ent. Listy, 4: 367; Jurik, 1957, Acta rerum nat. Dist.
Ostrav, 18 : 120; Rosicky, 1957, Acta faun. ent. Mus. nat. Prag. 2 : 25, fig. 1 [as
D. dasycnema tiflovi], 26-28, fig. 3 (part) ; Rosicky, 1957, Fauna CSR 10 : 250, 251,
figs. 84A, B, D, 95a (2) ; Rosicky, 1957, Csl. Parasitol. 4 : 285 ; Radvan, 1959, Acta
Mus. Reginaehrad. (A) 2: 196; Rosicky, 1959, Acta Mus. nat. Prag. (B) 15 : 150.

I have not been able to trace and map several of the localities mentioned in
Rosicky’s papers.

PoLanD: Dampf, 1910, Schr. phys.-6kon. Ges. Kénigsb. 51 : 44; Skuratowicz,
1954, Acta Parasitol. polon. 2 : 79, 80; Lachmajer & Wegner, 1956, Wiadom.
Parazytol. 2 : 103 ; Lachmajer & Skierska, 1956, l.c. 2 : 107.

EsToNIAN S.S.R.: Jacobson, 1940, Zool. Anz. 129 : 112.

FINLAND : Nordberg, 1935, Memor. Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 10 : 359, 368, figs. 14,

15 [as D. fennica]; Smit, 1956, Opusc. Ent. 21 : 132.

U.S.S.R.: Darskaya, 1953, Vopr. Parazitol. med. Zool. 8 : 166-174; Vysotskaya

& Sazonova, 1953, Parazit. Sborn. 15 : 394; Ioff, 1956, Ektoparazity, 3 : 135, 145.

NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA 363

Fics. 5,6. Doratopsylla dasycnema cuspis Rothschild. 5. Clasper and sternum IX
(holotype) ; 6a-c. Processes of clasper of three topotypical paratypes.

364 NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA

Fic. 7. Dovratopsylla dasycnema dasycnema (Rothschild). a, Sternum VII and sperma-
theca, Wilp (Gelderland, Netherlands) ; b-g, outlines of sternum VII: 6, Braunton
(Devon, England); c, Tring (Herts., England); d@, Abinger (Surrey, England) ;
é, Isenfluh (Bern, Switzerland) ; f, g, Gdschenen (Uri, Switzerland).

Doratopsylla dasycnema cuspis Rothschild, 1915
(Text-figs. 5, 6, 8, 9)

Doratopsylla cuspis Rothschild, 1915, Ectoparasites, 1 : 28, figs. 30, 31. :

Doratopsylla bifida Yurkina, 1952, Trud. Inst. Zool. Akad. Nauk U.R.S.R. 8: 84, figs. 3, 4.
Syn. nov.

Doratopsylla dasycnema cuspis Roths. Rosicky, 1957, Acta faun. ent. Mus. nat. Prag. 2: 27,
28, fig. 3 (part).

Doratopsylla dasycnema bifida Yurkina. Rosicky, 1957, Acta faun. ent. Mus. nat. Prag. 2: 26-
28, fig. 2.

The description of D. d. bifida Yurkina is mainly based on the fact that the
described specimens have a long and narrow movable process of the clasper with an
oblique apex, while subapically the process appears somewhat constricted.

As discussed under the nominate subspecies, the apparent difference in shape of
the movable process between D. d. bifida and D. d. cuspis is mainly due to the degree

NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA 365

$

Fic. 8. Dovratopsylla dasycnema cuspis Rothschild. a, Sternum VII and spermatheca,
Piora Valley (Ticino, Switzerland) ; b-g, outlines of sternum VII: 6, Zermatt (Valais,
Switzerland) ; c (allotype), d (paratype), Biharfiired (Roumania) ; e, Zermatt ; f, Bihar-
fiired (paratype); g, Zermatt.

of flattening of the process, though also to some extent to normal variation. The
four specimens of the type series of D. d. cuspis from Biharfiired, Roumania, exhibit
the so-called variation in an excellent way, see Text-figs. 5 and 6. Sternum VII of
the female of D. d. bifida as shown in Yurkina’s fig. 4 is practically the same as that
of the Swiss specimen of D. d. cuspis shown in Text-fig. 8g of the present paper.

Rosicky (1957 : 28) records D. d. bifida from the Vihorlat Mts. in eastern Czecho-
slovakia and states that he compared specimens from there with material from the
Ukrainian Carpathians and found them identical, but in 1958 (legend to fig. 2)
Rosicky adds “ (?) ’’ to D. d. bifida from the Vihorlat.

On zoogeographical grounds it is most unlikely that specimens from the Polish
and Ukrainian Carpathians on the one hand, and those from the Vihorlat on the
other, are subspecifically different and I do not hesitate to place D. d. bifida as a
synonym of D. d. cuspis.

The distribution, based on references given below, is shown in Text-fig. 9.

SWITZERLAND: Rothschild, 1915, Ectoparasites, 1 : 28, figs. 30, 31; Jordan &

ENTOM. 9, 7 27§

366 NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA

Rothschild, 1920, l.c. 1: 110; Jordan & Rothschild, 1923, lc. 1 : 288. Hitherto un-
published records (material in Tring collection) from: Minster (Valais), Oberdorf
(Valais), Oberwald (Valais), Piora Valley (Ticino), Locarno (Ticino) and Roseg
Valley (Upper Engadine, Grisons).

ITaALy: Jordan, 1928, Novit. zool. 34: 177; Jordan, 1931, l.c. 36 : 231. Hitherto
unpublished record (material in Tring collection) from below Rolle Pass (Dolomites).

YuGOSLAVIA: Wagner, 1936, Bull. Soc. Sci. Skoplje, 17 : 135; Wagner, 1939,
lc. 20 : 156. Hitherto unpublished record (material in Tring collection) from
Bohinjska Bistrica (Slovenija).

P)
eo Ddasycnema dasycnema ow? Toa.

o D.dasycnema cuspis ‘fs \
o? g

Fic. 9. Map showing the distribution of Doratopsylla dasycnema dasycnema (Rothschild)
and D. d. cuspis Rothschild. 1 = Type locality of D. d. dasycnema; 2 = type
locality of D. d. cuspis; 3 = type locality of D. d. bifida; 4 = type locality of
D. d. tiflovi.

NOTES ON THE SHREW-FLEA 367

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Rosicky, 1952, Acta ent. Mus. nat. Prag. 28 : 8; Rosicky,
1957, Acta faun. ent. Mus. nat. Prag. 2 : 26-28, fig. 2 [as D. dasycnema bifida] ;
Rosicky, 1957, Fauna CSR 10 : 251, fig. 95a (1) [as D. d. bifida]; Rosicky, 1958,
Csl. Parasitol. 5 : 147, fig. 2 [as D. d. bifida (?)].

RouMANIA: Jordan & Rothschild, 1912, Novit. zool. 19 : 62 [as D. dasycnemus ;
see Rothschild, 1915, Ectoparasites, 1 : 28}.

PoLanD : Skuratowicz, 1957, Acta Parasitol. polon. 5 : 554.

UKRAINIAN S.S.R.: Yurkina, 1952, Trud. Inst. Zool. Akad. Nauk U.R.S.R. 8:

84, figs. 3, 4 [as D. bifida].

velte
= oe

ye <.

“A

NOFES ON PALAEOPSYLLA,
A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

By F. G. A. M. SMIT

In this paper (a) the genus Palaeopsylla Wagner, 1903, is divided into phylogenetic
species-groups; (b) a description is given of a new species closely related to
Palaeopsylla remota ; and (c) the European subspecies (one of which is described as
new) of Palaeopsylla soricis are dealt with.

THE SPECIES-GROUPS OF PALAEOPSYLLA

The 25 known species and subspecies of Palaeopsylla are associated with insectivore
hosts (Talpidae and Soricidae) and occur throughout the Palaearctic Region with
the exception of four species which are found in the Oriental Region (mountains of
Burma, Malaya and Java respectively).

Palaeopsylla klebsiana Dampf, 1910, one of the two known fossil fleas (described
from a single female in Baltic amber), does not fit into any of the three groups
described below and constitutes a group of its own which appears to have affinities
to the remota-group rather than to the two other groups. It is not possible to draw
up a definition of the klebsiana-group on the same lines as those of the other groups,
since the type-specimen (which, as Professor Peus informs me, is no longer in
Kaliningrad and must be considered lost) did not permit a particularly detailed
description. The original description of Palaeopsylla klebsiana might be taken as
the definition of the klebsiana-group.

SORICIS-GROUP

Internal frontal marginal sclerotization below the frontal tubercle very narrow.
Longest (third) spine of genal ctenidium abruptly narrowed beyond middle and
tapering to a long and very narrow apex ; second spine usually more or less spatulate,
with only a short tapered apical portion. Pronotal ctenidium consisting of 16—18 spines
of which at least the more dorsal ones are gently curved in such a way that their
upper margins are slightly concave ; correlated with this curvature is the tendency
for the tips of the spines to be rounded off. Surface sculpture of abdominal segments
reticulate, the posterior margins of these segments serrate. An average of 6 or 7 sub-
dorsal spinelets each side on the posterior margins of the first 5 terga together.

Mate. Sternum VIII broadly rounded, with a minutely serrate posterior margin.
Fixed process of clasper without a striarium. Acetabulum of clasper adjacent to base
of manubrium. Distal arm of sternum IX of subequal width throughout, none of
its apical setae subspiniform.

FEMALE. Ventral half of tergum VIII with a lateral oblique row of (normally)

370 NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

three strong setae ; one strong lateral seta between this row and the posterior margin.
Posterior margin of tergum VIII with a sinus ; the upper short and stout seta at the
sinus is marginal, the lower stout, but longer, seta placed a short distance away from
the margin. Apex of sternum VIII relatively broad, with minute apical setae.

Hosts. Soricidae.

DISTRIBUTION. Palaearctic Region.

Here belong : soricis sspp., sinica Ioff and vartanovi Ioff.

MINOR-GROUP

Internal frontal marginal sclerotization below the frontal tubercle of medium
width throughout, dark and compact. Longest (third) spine of genal ctenidium
slender and gradually tapering to a long and narrow apex ; second spine broadest a
little beyond middle and thence tapering to a sharp apex. Pronotal ctenidium con-
sisting of 18 straight and sharply pointed spines. Surface sculpture of abdominal
segments non-reticulate, the posterior margins of these segments smooth. An
average of 5 or 6 (8 in male of atlantica) subdorsal spinelets each side at the posterior
margins of the first 5 or 6 terga together.

MALE. Sternum VIII ventrally emarginate except in alpestris, or with a small
ventro-posterior sinus (in atlantica and iberica) ; the posterior margin finely serrate

(in minor, alpestris, similis, kohauti, cisalpina and steini; the serration slight in
caucasica) or smooth (in atlantica and iberica). Fixed process of clasper with a
striarium in minor, alpestris, caucasica, atlantica and iberica. Acetabulum of clasper
distant from the base of the manubrium. Distal arm of sternum IX at least a little
broader apically than basally (not tapering towards the apex), with—except in
caucasica and alpestris—one or more short subspiniform setae below the longest
apical seta.

FEMALE. Ventral half of tergum VIII with a lateral oblique row of (normally)
three strong setae ; one strong lateral seta between this row and the posterior margin
(absent in the only available female of P. caucasica). Posterior margin of tergum
VIII with a sinus, the margin meets the ventral margin at a sharp angle ; the upper
short and stout seta at the sinus is marginal, the lower stout, but longer, seta placed
only a little away from the margin (except in aélantica in which the lower seta is
situated well away from the margin) ; there may be a third stout seta, of inter-
mediate length, between the two setae mentioned. Apical half of sternum VIII
rod-like, except in atlantica and iberica in which the apex is less sclerotized and the
apico-dorsal free margin very short ; apex of sternum VIII with minute setae.

Hosts. Talpidae.

1 P. alpestris was described as a subspecies of P. minor and has since been referred to as P. minor
alpestris Argyropulo. P. alpestris differs from P. minor as follows: (a) the internal frontal sclerotization
below the frontal tubercle is narrower; (b) sternum VIII of male ventrally not emarginate; (c) the
corpus of clasper is shorter; (d) the proximal arm of sternum IX is much narrower and the distal arm
is dorso-apically widened, while the long seta and the short subspiniform below it are more widely spaced
and thinner than in P. minor; (e) the movable process has a more oblique apical margin and the upper
angie of the acetabular part projects much less; (f) in the female the dorsal lobe of the posterior margin
of sternum VII is much more strongly developed while below the sinus the margin forms a distinct short
lobe. These differences, taken together, are of a specific rather than of a subspecific nature; however,
there is no doubt about the close relationship between the two species.

NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA 371

DISTRIBUTION. European and Mediterranean subregions of the Palaearctic
Region. The species which belong here can be placed into the following subgroups :
(a) minor (Dale), alpestris Argyropulo, similis sspp. and caucasica Argyropulo ; (0)
kohauti Dampf, cisalpina Jordan & Rothschild and steini Jordan ; (c) atlantica Jordan
& Rothschild and iberica Jordan & Rothschild. Palaeopsylla osetica loff, not seen,
probably belongs to this group.

REMOTA-GROUP

Internal frontal marginal sclerotization below the frontal tubercle relatively broad
and rather irregularly shaped, not strongly sclerotized and much broken up by
haemocoeles (some specimens of remota and miranda do not quite agree with this
description and are more like specimens of the mnor-group in this respect). Longest
(third) spine of genal ctenidium in varying degrees abruptly tapering to a very narrow
apex. Spines of pronotal ctenidium either straight and sharp (in remota, nippon
and mogura) or curved and tending to be blunt-ended (in myama, incurva and laxata),
the ctenidium consisting of 16, 18 or 20 spines. Surface sculpture of abdominal
segments non-reticulate, the posterior margins of these segments smooth. An
average of 8 (6 in remota and miranda, 12-14 in miyama) subdorsal spinelets each
side at the posterior margins of the first 5 or 6 terga together.

MALE (this sex is not known of incurva and Jaxata). Posterior margin of sternum
VIII rounded and smooth. Fixed process of clasper with a striarium. Acetabulum
of clasper practically adjacent to base of manubrium. Distal arm of sternum IX
narrow and very gradually tapering towards the apex which bears several shortish
setae, none of which is subspiniform.

FEMALE. Ventral half of tergum VIII with a lateral vertical row of (normally)
three strong setae; no lateral seta between this row and the posterior margin.
Posterior margin of tergum VIII with a lateral hump along which about half a
dozen short setae which are not particularly stout (none of the genital setae is placed
on the inner lateral surface of tergum VIII) ; the margin below the hump smoothly
convex, not angulate. Apical half of sternum VIII free, with several longish apical
setae.

Hosts. Soricidae and Talpidae.

DIsTRIBUTION. Eastern Palaearctic Region, Oriental Region.

Here belong : remota Jordan, miranda Smit, nippon Jameson & Kumada, miyama
Sakaguti & Jameson, incurva Jordan, laxata Jordan and mogura Jameson & Sakaguti.

Palaeopsylla miranda sp. n.
(Text-figs. 2, 4, 6, 8, 9)

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype and three male and three female
paratypes from Mt. Victoria, 2,800 m., Pakokku Chin Hills, Burma, from Talpa
micrura leucura\, 4.v.1938, G. Heinrich.

1 On the original label the host was given as ‘‘ Talpa (Balg 753)’ but Prof. Dr. F. Peus has most
kindly ascertained for us that Heinrich’s skin No. 753 is that of Talpa micrura leucura Blyth.

372 NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

Diacnosis. This new species is extremely closely related to Palaeopsylla remota
Jordan, 1929 (a parasite of Anurosorex in South-East Asia) and differs from the
latter by (a) the first three genal spines being longer and slenderer, (b) more numerous
pronotal spines, namely 20 instead of 16, (c) a somewhat irregularly shaped movable
process with a rounded apex, as against a straight movable process with a truncate

Fics. 1, 2. Head and pronotum of : 1. Palaeopsylla vemota Jordan, 3 (from Mt. Victoria,
Burma) ; 2. Palaeopsylla mivanda sp. n., ¢ (holotype).

apex, (d) some differences in the structures of the aedeagus, and (e) in the female by
a differently shaped lower lateral lobe of the posterior margin of sternum VII.
DESCRIPTION. The two anterior long setae of the frontal row are considerably
shorter than those in P. remota (Text-fig. 2, cf. Text-fig. 1). First (lowest) genal
spine with a pointed apex (a rounded apex in P. remota) ; second genal spine slender,

NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA 373

not much widened just before it narrows gradually to a sharply pointed apex ; the
third genal spine likewise not much widened, its apical part drawn out into a long
and thin tip—both the second and third spines are longer than those of P. remota.
Pronotum (Text-fig. 2, cf. Text-fig. 1) dorsally much longer than in P. remota and

Fic. 3. Palaeopsylla remota Jordan. Sternum VIII and segment IX, g
(from Mt. Victoria, Burma).

while the latter has a pronotal ctenidium consisting of 16 spines, the pronotum of
the new species bears 20 spines (in one of the males even 22) which are also a little
more sharply pointed. Mesothorax, metathorax and legs virtually as in P. remota.
Unmodified abdominal segments similar to those in P. remota, but the spiracular
fossae are on the whole somewhat smaller in P. miranda.

374 NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

MALE (Text-figs. 4, 6). Lower stretch of posterior margin of sternum VIII forming
an angle with the ventral margin ; in P. remota the corresponding stretch forms a
straight continuation of the ventral margin. Corpus of clasper and manubrium
similar in the two species. Movable process (Text-fig. 4) with a somewhat undulate
anterior margin and a slightly convex posterior margin (this process shows a tendency

Fic. 4. Palaeopsylla mivanda sp.n. Sternum VIII and segment IX, ¢ (holotype).

to become curved) ; tip of movable process rounded. In P. remota (Text-fig. 3) the
movable process is straight, of the same width throughout most of its length and the
apex is markedly truncate. Sternum IX does not show any constant differences
between the two species. For differences in the apical sclerites of the aedeagus
contrast Text-fig. 5 and Text-fig. 6; note that (a) the apico-ventral extension of

NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA 375

a bcede
-

Figs. 5-8. Apex of aedeagus of : 5. Palaeopsylla remota Jordan (from Mt. Victoria,
Burma) ; 6. Palaeopsylla miranda sp. n. (holotype). Figs. 7, 8. Outlines of sternum
VII of females of: 7. Palaeopsylla remota Jordan (a, holotype; 6 and c, Lingtam,
Sikkim, India; d and e, Mt. Victoria, Burma); 8. Palaeopsylla miranda sp. n. (a-c,
paratypes).

376 NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

the dorso-apical sclerite (d.s.) is longer in P. remota, (b) the large ventral extension
(v.e.) of the inner tube has a less sclerotized area in P. miranda, and (c) the
prongs of the Y-shaped hamulus (h) are considerably longer in P. remota than in
P. miranda.

t

_-4I\

Fic. 9. Palaeopsylia miranda sp.n. Terminalia of allotype.

FEMALE (Text-figs. 8, 9). The lower lateral lobe of the posterior margin of sternum
VII is basally narrower and less distinctly triangular than in P. remota (Text-figs.
8, 9, cf. Text-fig. 7) ; the margin below this lobe is longer than in P. remota and
may form a sharp angle with the ventral margin, which it apparently never does in
P. remota. The ventral margin of tergum VIII below the apical group of setae tends

NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA 377

to be more strongly convex in P. remota than in P. miranda. Otherwise the female
terminal abdominal segments and genitalia do not differ.

LENGTH. ¢ 2-2}mm.; 2, 24mm.

REMARKS. Li (1957, Acta zool. sinica9 : 28, 33) states that in Western Yunnan a
species of Palaeopsylla was found on Parascaptor leucura [= Talpa micrura leucura]
which is not P. remota as described by Jordan from Szechwan. Since P. remota
appears to occur throughout most of the range of its host, Anurosorex (the flea is
known from Sikkim, Burma, Szechwan and Formosa), there is a strong probability
that the Palaeopsylla found in Western Yunnan on Talpa micrura leucura is identical
with P. miranda.

THE EUROPEAN SUBSPECIES OF PALAEOPSYLLA SORICIS

Palaeopsylla soricis (Dale) is a common flea of shrews in Europe (not yet recorded
from the Iberian peninsula where it may perhaps be absent or possibly be present
only at high altitudes) and Asia (east to Tyan-Shan, Altai Mts. and western Trans-
baikalia). In Europe it appears to be commonest on Sorex avaneus, but it should be
noted that members of this species are far more often examined for fleas than are
any of the other European shrews (Neomys, Crocidura and Suncus). Darskaya (1953,
Vopr. Parazitol. med. Zool. 8 : 166-174) found that in the Mikheno district of the
Moscow oblast the numerosity of P. soricis on Neomys fodiens is almost nine times
as great as on Sovex araneus and she surmises that some of the causes of greater
infestation of water-shrews by fleas may be the relationship of the latter with a
specific micro-habitat, a more settled way of life of the water-shrew and, possibly,
the presence of permanent burrows.

Dampf (1926, Ent. Mitt. 15 : 385) remarked that ‘‘ Die éstliche Form [von
Palaeopsylla soricis] scheint eine eigene Lokalrasse zu bilden’’; his material was
from East Prussia and was doubtless the same subspecies as that which Wagner in
1930 described as Palaeopsylla soricis starki from material from the Bryansk oblast
in Byelorussia. The characters on which Wagner differentiated this subspecies proved
to be unsatisfactory and Smit (1957, Handbks Identif. Brit. Ins. 1 (16) : 37), though
not having seen any male specimens from the U.S.S.R., suggested that P. soricis
starki might be a synonym of the nominate subspecies.

Argyropulo (1946, Med. Parasitol., Moscow, 15 : gt) described another subspecies,
Palaeopsylla soricis gromovt, from material from North-West Caucasus; this is
quite distinct in the male sex.

When studying the aedeagus of European specimens of Palaeopsylla soricis from
the Tring collection I noticed that this material actually consists of three subspecies :
the nominate western subspecies, the eastern subspecies P. s. starki and an un-
described central European subspecies. All three subspecies are dealt with below ;
since the females of the known subspecies of Palaeopsylla soricis are indistinguishable
from each other, they are not discussed here, but a figure has been included of the
terminal abdominal segments and genitalia of the neallotype of Palaeopsylla soricis
soricis (Dale) (Text-fig. 11).

NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

378

+ ee ee een

to. Sternum VIII and segment IX
11. Terminalia of female (neallotype,

Palaeopsylla soricis soricis (Dale).
(neotype, from Bath, Somerset, England) ;

from Bath).

Fics. 10, 11.

NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA 379
Palaeopsylla soricis soricis (Dale, 1878)
(Text-figs. 10-12, 15, 19)

Ceratophyllus sorecis' Dale, 1878, History Glanville’s Wootton, 291 (Glanville’s Wootton, Dorset,
England, from shrews).

Typhlopsylla ‘ gracilis Taschbg.”. Rothschild, 1898 (mec Taschenberg, 1880), Novit. zool.
5: 541, pl. 17, fig. 16.

Ctenopsyllus sorecis (Dale). Baker, 1905, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus. 29: 156.

Palaeopsylla sorecis (Dale). Dampf, 1910, Schr. phys.-dkon. Ges. Kénigsb. 51 : 329.

Palaeopsylla soricis (Dale). Smit, 1952, Ent. mon. Mag. 88 : 133.

Palaeopsylla soricis sovicis (Dale). Smit, 1954, Danm. Fauna, 60: figs. 60, 62, 63 (drawn from
specimens from The Netherlands) ; Smit, 1957, Handbks Identif. Brit. Ins. 1 (16) : 36, figs
71-73; Smit, 1960, Ent. Gaz. [in press] (designation of neotype).

All references to specimens from the British Isles, Netherlands, Belgium, France,
Switzerland and Italian Dolomites (San Martino di Castrozza, Véls [now Fié] and
Rolle Pass) refer to this subspecies.

MALE. Distinguishable from P. s. starki by the more strongly oblique apical margin
of the distal arm of sternum IX (contrast Text-fig. 12 with Text-fig. 14) ; differing

Fic. 12. Palaeopsylla soricis soricis (Dale). Sternum IX of four males (a, Bath, England ;
b, Wilp, Netherlands ; c, Sarstedt, Germany ; d, Géschenen, Switzerland).

1 A misprint for soricis ; see Smit, 1952 : 133.

380 NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

from P. s. starki and P. s. rosickyi by details of the apical sclerites of the aedeagus
(contrast Text-fig. 15 with Text-figs. 16 and 17). Text-figs. 10 and 15 respectively
show the modified abdominal segments and the phallosome of the neotype from Bath,
Somerset, England.

The distribution, shown in Text-fig. 19, is based on male specimens examined by
me from the following localities :

BritisH IsLes: Orkney Isles; Achmore near Assynt (Sutherland), Berry Hill,
Cults, Craigiebuckler, Murcher Links, Hilton, Seaton, banks of River Don, Cairney,
Parkhill, Cornhill, Rosehill, Scotstown (all in Aberdeenshire) ; Tullus Hill and Nigg

Fic. 13. Palaeopsylla soricis rosickyi subsp. n. Sternum IX of four males (a, Karlova
Studanka, Czechoslovakia; 6, Hofeberg, Glatzer Schneeberg, Poland; c¢ and d,
Magdeburg, Germany).

(Kincardineshire) ; Abernyte, Kinloch Rannoch, Loch Tay, and Tyndrum (Perth-
shire) ; Sunart (Argyllshire) ; Glen Cova and Dundee (Angus) ; Luffness, Aberlady
(East Lothian) ; Mull; Watermillock on Ullswater (Cumberland) ; Spurn (York-
shire) ; Aberystwyth (Cardiganshire); Penard, Gower Peninsula, Port Eynon
district, Gower Peninsula (Glamorgan) ; Gloucester (Gloucestershire) ; Oundle and
Ashton near Oundle (Northamptonshire) ; Osea Island (Essex); Tring, Berk-
hamsted and Boxmoor (Hertfordshire); Shoreham (Kent); Abinger Common

NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA 381

(Surrey) ; Bagley Wood, Calcot near Reading, and Shrivenham (Berkshire) ;
Brockenhurst and Lyndhurst (Hampshire); Newport and Whitcombe (Isle of
Wight); Bath, Porlock, Porlock Weir and Ashley-Combe near Porlock Weir
(Somerset) ; Braunton, Hartland Quay, Lynton and Sidmouth (Devonshire) ;
St. Ives (Cornwall).

FRANCE: Buré d’Orval (Meurthe-et-Moselle) ; Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin) ; Etupes
(Doubs).

NETHERLANDS: Terschelling (Friesian Island) ; Wilp, Renkum, and Oosterhout
near Nijmegen (Gelderland).

Fic. 14. Palaeopsylla soricis starki Wagner. Sternum IX of four males (a, Biharfiired,
Romania; 6, Oulu, Finland; ¢ and d, Tvarminne, Finland).

GERMANY: Sarstedt (Niedersachsen) ; Diez a. d. Lahn (Rheinland); Beuron
(Wiirttemberg).

SWITZERLAND: Weissenstein range (Jura); Mt. Jorat near Lausanne (Vaud) ;
Bex, Zermatt, and Miinster (Valais) ; Gurten near Bern (Bern) ; Géschenen (Uri) ;
St. Moritz, Campfer and Vulpera (Grisons) ; Bellinzona and Contra near Locarno
(Ticino).

ITALY: Fié [formerly Véls] and below Rolle Pass (Dolomites).

382 NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA
Palaeopsylla soricis rosickyi! subsp. n.
(Text-figs. 13, 16, 19)

Palaeopsylia sorecis Dale. Wagner, 1930, Acta Soc. ent. jugoslav. 3-4 : 24 (Slovenia, Yugoslavia) ;
Rosicky, 1947, Ent. Listy, 10:31 (Jeseniky, Czechoslovakia) ; Rosicky, 1950, Vestn. Csl.
Zool. Spol. 14: 138-140 (Czechoslovakia) ; Rosicky, 1952, Acta ent. Mus. nat. Prag. 28:7
(Czechoslovakia) ; Niewiadomska, 1953, Fragm. faun. Mus. Zool. polon. 6: 257 (Gorzdw,
Poland); Skuratowicz, 1954, Acta Parasitol. polon. 2:80 (Poland: Lobodno, Bolkéw,
Gorzyn) ; Lachmajer & Skierska, 1956, Wiadom. Parazytol. 2 : 107 (Szczecin district, Poland) ;
Jurik, 1957, Prir. Sborn. Ostrav. Kraje, 18: 120 (Jeseniky, Czechoslovakia) ; Radvan, 1959,
Acta Mus. Reginaehrad. 2: 196 (Hradec Kralové district, Czechoslovakia).

Palaeopsylia soricis soricis (Dale). Smit, 1953, Ent. Medd. 26: 534 (Denmark); Rosicky,
1955, Zool. ent. Listy, 4: 368 (High Tatra, Czechoslovakia) ; Smit, 1955, Cat. Faun. Austr.
XIXz : 3 (Austria) ; Rosicky, 1959, Acta Mus. nation. Prag. 15 : 150, 154 (Krkonose, Czecho-
slovakia) ; Rosicky & Carnelutti, 1959, Csl. Parasitol: 6 : 142 (Slovenia, Yugoslavia).

DESCRIPTION. MALE. Apical margin of distal arm of sternum IX almost as oblique
as in the nominate subspecies (Text-fig. 13, cf. Text-fig. 12). Dorso-posterior angle
of lateral wall of aedeagus (Text-fig. 16) smoothly rounded ; below this angle the
margin of the right-hand side wall is somewhat thickened ; the outer surface of the
apical portion of the lateral wall virtually without striae (which are distinct in the
nominate subspecies) ; for other differences in the aedeagi between this and the
other subspecies contrast Text-fig. 16 with Text-figs. 15 and 17.

FEMALE. Not distinguishable from that of the nominate subspecies or from that
of P. s. stark.

The distribution, shown in Text-fig. 19, is based on the data of the male specimens
in the material listed below.

Material examined :

CZECHOSLOVAKIA : Male holotype, female allotype and two male and two female
paratypes from Cheb [formerly Eger], Bohemia, Sorex avaneus, 1.vi.1908 (E. Hent-
schel) ; 1 3, Karlova Studanka [formerly Karlsbrunn], Jeseniky, Sorex araneus,
4.1v.1934 (K. Maschke).

SWEDEN: 2 4, Skanor.

DENMARK: I 4, Ryget (Sjaelland), Sorex sp., 15.xi. 1919.

GERMANY: 4 4, 2 9, Magdeburg, Sorex araneus, 4.viii.1g11 (O. Ringelke) ;
I g, 2 9, Biederitz near Magdeburg, Sorex avaneus, 26.viii.1g00 (O. Ringelke) ;
3 6, Haag am Amper, Bavaria, Neomys fodiens, 15.v.1948 (G. Heinrich) ; 5 3, 2 Q,
Haag am Amper, Sorex araneus, iv-v.1948 (G. Heinrich); 1 3, Haag am Amper,
Talpa europaea, 1948 (G. Heinrich); 3 3, 1 9, Berchtesgaden, 1,200 m., Bavaria,
Neomys fodiens, v.1947 (G. Heinrich) ; 1 3, Berchtesgaden, 1,100 m., Sorex alpinus
(G. Heinrich) ; 1 3, Waldmiinchen, Bavaria, 800 m., Sorex alpinus (G. Heinrich) ;
I 3, Niesky, Schlesien, Mus musculus, (W. Baer).

POLAND: I g, 1 9, Lobodno, Katowice Province, Sorex araneus, 1949 (W. Skura-
towicz) ; I 3, Bolkéw, Wroclaw Province, nest of Evinaceus europaeus, 24.Vil. 1952
(J. Rafalskt) ; 1 3,1 2, Stare Jablonki, Olsztyn Province, Sorex araneus, 24.V.1955

1 Pronounced as rositskii.

NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

Figs. 15-17. Phallosome of: 15. Palaeopsylla soricis sovicis (Dale) (neotype); 16.
P. soricis rosickyi subsp. n. (Karlova Studanka, Czechoslovakia) (in this figure the
right-hand side apical margin is shown separately) ; 17. P. soricis starki Wagner (a,
Biharfiired, Romania; 6, Tvarminne, Finland).

Fic. 18. Aedeagus of specimen intermediate between P. soricis starki
and P. soricis rosickyi (Abisko, Sweden).

383

384 NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

(W. Skuratowicz); 1 3g, Hofeberg, Glatzer Schneeberg, Sorex sp., 31.xii.1936
(F. Pax).

AUSTRIA: 2 6, Ferleiten (Salzburg), 1,150 m., Sorex alpinus, 2.vii.1951 (K.
Jordan); 2 3 Ferleiten, Clethrionomys glareolus, 5 and 16.vii.1951 (K. Jordan) ;
I 9, Ferleiten, Crocidura russula russula, 21.vii.1951 (K. Jordan); 5 9, Ferleiten,
Sorex avaneus tetragonurus, 30.Vi.1951 to 21.vii.1951 (K. Jordan); 1 3, Sélling
(Niederésterreich), Sorex araneus, 6.ix.1951 (F. Ressl) ; 2 3, Admont (Steiermark),
1,200 m., Sorex araneus, vi.1950 (G. Heinrich); 1 3, Admont, 1,000 m., Sorex
alpinus, 12.vi.1950 (G. Heinrich).

@ P soricis soricis di a Y
X P soricis rosickyi «? é
O P soricis starki

* Ps.soricis X s. rosickyi \ A
% Ps.rosickyi X s. starki “ so

Rigid

Fic. 19. Map showing the distribution of subspecies of Palaeopsylla soricis in Europe.
1 = Type locality of P. soricis soricis (Dale) (i.e. locality of neotype); 2 = Type
locality of P. soricis rosickyi subsp. n.; 3 = Type locality of P. soricis starki Wagner.

NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA 385

YUGOSLAVIA: I 4, I 9, Jezersko, Slovenia, Sorex sp., viii.1936 (J. Wagner) [in
Canadian National Collection].

ITALY: 12 g, 9 2, Misurina, Dolomites, Sorex sp., 30.vi.1926 (K. Jordan).

Through the courtesy of Prof. Dr. F. Peus I have seen a male from Kiel, Holstein,
Germany, which is intermediate between this and the nominate subspecies, while
Mr. G. P. Holland very kindly enabled me to study a male from Abisko, Sweden,
which I regard to be intermediate between P s. rosickyi and P. s. starki (the
aedeagus of this specimen is shown in Text-fig. 18; the apex of the distal arm of
sternum IX [not figured] is oblique).

This new subspecies is named in honour of Dr. B. Rosicky, an ardent and prolific
student of the Central European flea-fauna.

Palaeopsylla soricis starki Wagner, 1930
(Text-figs. 14, 17, 19)

Palaeopsylla soricis starki Wagner, 1930, Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S. 30: 542
(Orlovskiye Dvoriki, Bryanskaya oblast, U.S.S.R., from shrews) ; Argyropulo, 1941, Trav.
Mus. zool. Acad. Sci. R.S.S.Uky. 24:16 (Kiyev oblast); Vysotskaya & Sazonova, 1953,
Parazit. Sborn. zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.R. 15: 394 (Priozersk rayon, Leningrad oblast,
Moscow oblast) ; loff & Tiflov, 1954, Keys Aphaniptera south-east U.S.S.R. : 93, 178, figs. 70,
141 (left-hand portion), 213.

Palaeopsylla stavrki Wagner (in litt.). Ioff & Tiflov, 1930, Mag. Parasit., Leningr. 1: 218
(Saratovskaya oblast).

Palaeopsylla sorecis Dale. (?) Dampf, 1910, Zool. Jb., Suppl. 12 : 620, figs. c, D (East Prussia,
now NE. Poland) ; (?) Dampf, 1910, Schr. phys.-dkon. Ges. Kénigsb. 51: 43, figs. I, 2; I91I,
l.c. 51: 329, figs. 2, 5b (East Prussia, now NE. Poland); Dampf, 1912, Korr.-Blt. Naturf.
Ver. Riga, 55:25 (Estonian $.S.R.); Jordan & Rothschild, 1912, Novit. zool. 19 : 62 (Bihar
Mts., now in Romania) ; Nordberg, 1935, Memor. Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 10 : 360 (Uusimaa,
Finland) ; (?) Martino, 1955, Izv. Zool. Inst. Bulg. Akad. Nauk, 4-5: 418 (Sofia, Bulgaria) ;
Medinskij & Dajtyer, 1955, Tez. Dokl. 8 Soveshch. parazitol. Probl. : 97 (NW. Estonian S.S.R.) ;
Lachmajer & Wegner, 1956, Wiadom. Parazytol. 2 : 103 (Bialowieza, E. Poland) ; (?) Rosicky,
1959, Acta Acad. Sci. czechoslov. brun. 31 : 335 (Rila, Pirin and VitoSa Mountains, Bulgaria).
Mate. Apical margin of distal arm of sternum IX usually markedly obtuse

(Text-fig. 14, cf. Text-figs. 12 and 13). Dorso-posterior angle of lateral wall of aedeagus

(Text-fig. 17) drawn out into a small sharp point ; for other differences between the

aedeagus of this and the other subspecies contrast Text-fig. 17 with Text-figs. 15

and 16.

The distribution, shown in Text-fig. 19, is based on male specimens which I have
examined from the following localities :

FINLAND: Oulu (Oulu) ; Tvarminne (Uusimaa).

POLAND: Bialowieza National Park.

RomaniA : Biharfiired (Bihar Mts.).

Although the type-locality is marked on the map (Text-fig. 19, No. 3) I have not
seen any topotypical material. However, Mrs. N. F. Darskaya most kindly com-
pared the aedeagus of a Romanian specimen, as figured in Text-fig. 17a with
the aedeagus of a male of P. s. starki from the Bryanskaya oblast (in the
I. G. Ioff collection) and she informed me that—apart from an unimportant small
difference—the two aedeagi agree perfectly.

386 NOTES ON PALAEOPSYLLA, A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

For the loan and/or gift of specimens of Palaeopsylla I am deeply indebted to
Prof. P. Brinck (Lund, Sweden), Mr. R. S. George (Gloucester, England), Mr. G. P.
Holland (Ottawa, Canada), Dr. E. W. Jameson (Davis, California), Prof. Dr. F. Peus
(Berlin, Germany), Dr. R. Radvan (Hradec Kralové, Czechoslovakia), Mr. F. Ressl
(Purgstall, Austria), Dr. W. Skuratowicz (Poznan, Poland), Dr. V. E. Tiflov (Si. v-
ropol, U.S.S.R.) and to Lt.-Col. R. Traub (Washington D.C., U.S.A.). I am also most
grateful to Mrs. N. F. Darskaya for information about species of which I have no
representatives available for study.

SOME NEW DIASPIDINI
(COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA)
FROM AFRICA

D. J. WILLIAMS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 8
LONDON : 1960

SOME NEW DIASPIDINI
(COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA

BY

D. J. WILLIAMS

Commonwealth Institute of Entomology

ie ON
Pp. 387-399; 5 Text-figures e e
é ws J
BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 8

LONDON : 1960

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s
issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical series.

Paris will appear at irregular intervals as they become
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four

hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 9, No. 8 of the Entomological
series.

© Trustees of the British Museum, 1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued August, 1960 Price Six Shillings

SOME NEW DIASPIDINI
(COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA

By D, J. WILLIAMS

SINCE Hall (1946) published his work on the Ethiopian Diaspidini a number of new
species have appeared among collections sent for identification from Africa. Five
of these are described below as new.

It seems evident that the known Diaspidini from the Ethiopian Region represent
a small proportion of those still to be discovered. Collecting has been associated
mainly with some problems of economic importance and the coccid fauna is com-
pletely unknown in many areas. The following species collected from various parts
of the African continent belong to four genera. They show some interesting features
and give us further clues to distribution. One of them is recorded as doing severe
damage to sisal.

The holotypes are deposited in the British Museum (Natural History).

Fulaspis karroo sp. n.
(Text-fig. 1)

Female scale yellowish white, elongate, exuviae pale brown, about 1-5 mm. long.
Male scale 1 mm. long, whitish and smooth, uncarinated, exuviae pale brown. On
the stems and under surfaces of the leaves.

Adult female fusiform measuring about 1:2mm. long, body membranous except
for pygidium. Antennae each with 1 short and 3 long setae. Anterior spiracles
with I or 2 pores.

Pygidium rounded, anal ring situated towards base. Median lobes well developed,
set well apart, divergent and rounded at apices, edges slightly serrated. Second
lobes with inner lobules narrower than median lobes but often projecting more
posteriorly, longer than wide, rounded at apex ; outer lobule similar but smaller.
Third lobes paired but much smaller than other lobes. Gland spines forked at
apices, there being a pair between median lobes, these slightly shorter than lobes,
others longer and arranged singly on margins of fifth to seventh segments and in
pairs on third and fourth segments, those on seventh segment often curved beneath
outer lobules of second lobes.

Marginal macroducts numbering 6 on each side of pygidium, second to third and
fourth to fifth paired and each duct on segment 4 slightly smaller than others. A
single macroduct also present between median lobes but inclining to either one or
other of lobes, rarely with a pair of ducts between lobes. Dorsal ducts numerous
but much smaller than marginal macroducts, becoming smaller anteriorly, there

ENTOM., 9, 8. 28§

3900 SOME NEW DIASPIDINI (COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA

Fulaspis karroo sp. n.

Fic. 1.

SOME NEW DIASPIDINI (COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA 391

being a submedian group of about 4 on the sixth segment and anteriorly to second
segment the submarginal and submedian groups merge. Submarginal groups
present also on metathorax and mesothorax.

Ventral surface with perivulvar pores in 5 groups, a median group usually with
4-5 pores, antero-lateral groups each with 9-12 pores and postero-lateral groups
each with 8-10 pores. Submarginal groups of micropores situated on fifth to seventh
segments and groups of submarginal gland tubercles and ducts on metathorax and
first abdominal segment, the ducts of similar size to those in corresponding positions
on dorsum. Microducts also present on mesothorax and in median areas of third to
fifth segments.

South Africa, Transvaal, Pienaarspoort, on Acacia karroo, E. C. G. Bedford,
I5.Xll.1954.

Balachowsky (1952) described and placed the genus Fulaspis in the subtribe
Lepidosaphina, the distinguishing feature being the presence of either one or two
macroducts between the median lobes. The two species so far described by Bala-
chowsky (1952, 1954) are F. guilliermi from Guinea on Macaranga sp. and F. bytinskit
from Palestine on Acacia spirocarpa. The new species comes closest to F. guilliermt
in possessing perivulvar pores but apparently differs from both species in possessing
a more rounded pygidium. All three species may be separated by the following key.

1. Perivulvar pores present . . : ; : : . : 2
-. Perivulvar pores absent . : : : bytinshii ‘Balachowsky
2. Dorsal ducts absent on seventh segment, ventral microducts present on pygidium
karroo sp. n.
-. Dorsal ducts present on seventh segment, ventral microducts absent on pygidium
guilliermi Balachowsky

Howardia stricklandi sp. n.

(Text-fig. 2)

Female scale pale brown, elongate, exuviae terminal, size approximately 3-0 mm.
x 1I-omm. Malescale not seen. The features of the scale are difficult to determine
as the insect lives under the bark of young twigs.

Adult female fusiform, attaining a length of 2-5 mm., membranous except for
pygidium. Marginal tubercles present on second to fourth segments, each heavily
sclerotized and blunt and accompanied by a gland spine. Antennae represented by
a tubercle with about 7 long, pointed setae. Anterior spiracles each with 5-6 pores,
posterior spiracles usually with a single pore.

Pygidium with anal ring small and round, situated at base. Median lobes large,
more or less triangular in shape, inner edges with 2 indentations, divergent, outer
edges serrate. A pair of well developed scleroses set obliquely and arising from inner
edges of the lobes. Second lobes apparently absent ; third lobes represented by a
serrate thickening of the margin. Gland spines slender and often curved, there being
a short pair between median lobes and a short pair on either side of seventh
segment. Anteriorly they are longer in groups of 3—5 on the margins as far as the fourth
segment. Dorsal ducts all short and slender and except for a submedian pair on

392 SOME NEW DIASPIDINI (COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA

f,

4 ‘fi
yp \
\ i
\

(|

Ye i Mp i
4 ! Wg

i i ji ~
Wey

fi] , i
t /)
° %

Fic. 2. Howardia stricklandi sp. n.

SOME NEW DIASPIDINI (COCCOIDEA: HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA 393

fifth segment are situated in small groups around the margin anteriorly to meta-
thorax.

Ventral surface with perivulvar pores absent. Sub-marginal micropores present
on pygidium only. Anterior abdominal segments with marginal groups of small
gland tubercles, never occupying submedian positions.

Ghana, Tafo, on Theobroma cacao, A. H. Strickland, 6.vi.1946.

A number of species have been placed in the genus Howardia Berlese & Leonardi
but all have been assigned to other genera as they are not congeneric with the type
H. biclavis (Comstock). This new species seems certainly to belong to Howardia
although the main difference is the shape, which is fusiform and membranous whilst
H. biclavis is turbinate and heavily sclerotised at maturity. The characters of the
. pygidium, however, are very similar especially in the form of the median lobes and
clavate scleroses. Apart from the shape, the species may be separated by the
absence of the second lobes and dorsal submedian ducts.

Balachowsky (1954) placed the genus Howardia in the group Diaspiformes of the
subtribe Diaspidina mainly because of the circular shape of the female scale and the
turbinate shape of the adult female of biclavis. The new species would seem to have
closer affinities with the subtribe Lepidosaphina and the genus is probably aberrant
within this group.

Lepidosaphes tapleyi sp. n.
(Text-fig. 3)

Female scale elongate, narrow, attaining a length of 2-5 mm., dull, pale brown to
shiny reddish brown, exuviae same colour. Male scale pale brown about 1:2 mm.
long.

Adult female about I-o mm. long, elongate-oval and widest across the second
abdominal segment ; derm membranous except for pygidium. Second and third
abdominal segments each with a small pointed marginal tubercle which is heavily
sclerotized. Antennae with a single curved seta. Anterior spiracles with 2 or 3
pores.

Pygidium with anal ring situated at base. Median lobes, well developed, each
with 2 indentations on inner margin and 1 on outer margin. Second lobes with inner
lobule about half as wide as a median lobe but about same length, with an indent-
ation on each side ; outer lobule about half as wide and long as inner lobule. Gland
spines slender, arranged in pairs on each segment up to the third abdominal segment,
those between the median lobes slightly longer than the lobes, becoming longer on
the sixth and seventh segments and shorter anteriorly. Dorsal marginal macroducts
6 in number on either side of pygidium. Sixth segment with 1-3 submedian ducts,
the usual number being 2. Fifth segment with a single submarginal duct and 2-3
submedian ducts. Fourth and third segments each with submarginal and submedian
groups merging and ending on either side a short distance from the midline but some-
times forming a row across entire segment. Second segment with submarginal and
submedian groups, the latter much reduced in number and never reaching the mid-
line. First segment and metathorax with submarginal groups only.

3094 SOME NEW DIASPIDINI (COCCOIDEA: HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA

Fic. 3. Lepidosaphes tapleyi sp. n.

SOME NEW DIASPIDINI (COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA 395

Ventral surface with perivulvar pores in 3 groups, the median group usually with
4 pores, the antero-lateral groups each with 5-8 pores and each postero-lateral group
with 4-5 pores. Submarginal micropores present on fourth to sixth segments and
transverse rows on median areas of all prevulvar abdominal segments. Submarginal
gland tubercles present on first and second segments only, there being a group of
about 12 on the first segment and always 3 on the second segment. Another group
also present posterior to second pair of spiracles. Small ducts also present on
margins of first segment and between the spiracles and margins on metathorax.
Other smaller ducts situated on submargins of mesothorax.

Tanganyika, Usa, on sisal (Agave sisalana) on both surfaces of the leaves, 26. viii.
1955. Sudan, Shendi, on Mangifera indica, on under surfaces of leaves, W. J. Hall,
16.i.1958, (Holotype); Khartoum, Citrus sp., on both surfaces of the leaves,
A. J. Jones, March 1959.

Causing severe but localized damage to sisal on the sides of dusty roads.

This species comes very close to L. pallida Green described from Ceylon but differs
from all the typical material seen in a few small characters which seem to be constant
and the specimens from Africa are, therefore, regarded as distinct. In L. tapleyi the
marginal tubercles on the second and third segments are always pointed and heavily
sclerotized whereas in L. pallida only the tubercles on the second segment are pointed,
those on the third segment are flat and rounded. The submarginal tubercles on the
second segment in L. tapleyi are always 3 in number but there are 5-6 in L. pallida.
Posteriorly the gland spines in L. tapleyi are always in pairs whereas in L. pallida
there are usually 3-4 on the third and fourth segments. Although the pattern of the
dorsal ducts is similar in both species the ducts tend to be more numerous in L.
pallida and there are often 4 or more submedian ducts on the fifth segment whereas
in L. tapleyi there are never more than 3. Furthermore the colour of the scale in
the material from Ceylon is of a yellow-brown or straw colour whereas in all the
African material the scale is of a definite brown colour ranging from pale brown to
reddish brown.

The species is named after R. G. Tapley, Entomologist, Department of Agriculture,
Tanganyika, who first drew the writer’s attention to it.

Rolaspis monile sp. n.
(Text-fig. 4)

Scale of female shiny white, elongate about 2:5 mm. long, exuviae pale brown.
Male scale white, 1:0 mm. long. The scales are found on the edges of the leaves and
the collector has remarked that the white margin thus formed is very conspicuous in
the sunshine.

Adult female elongate-oval measuring approximately 1-75 mm. long. Dorsum at
maturity becoming sclerotized in a characteristic fashion (see accompanying dia-
gram). Antennae each with a single seta. Each anterior spiracle with about 4
pores.

Pygidium with a small anal ring situated towards base. With 2 pairs of lobes ;

396 SOME NEW DIASPIDINI (COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA

SS

Fic. 4. Rolaspis monile sp. n.

SOME NEW DIASPIDINI (COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA 397

median lobes very short and wide, slightly divergent with a distinct U shaped notch
between and yoked at the base by a narrow sclerotized band, posterior edges straight
and divergent ; second lobes bilobed, inner lobule about as long as wide and pro-
jecting further than median lobes, apex rounded, outer lobule similar in shape but
much smaller. Gland spines narrow and longer than second lobes, arranged singly
on the margins up to fifth abdominal segment. Dorsal ducts about same size on
fifth and posterior segments but becoming smaller anteriorly and towards the mid-
line, there being a single marginal duct between median and second lobes and a pair
on each margin of sixth segment, these accompanied by a group of about 2-4 sub-
median ducts in a single row. Fifth segment with a pair of marginal ducts and more
or less single rows of submarginal and submedian ducts. ' Fourth and third segments
with single rows of ducts, the submarginal and submedian groups merging and often
present in median areas forming rows across entire segments. Second segment with
a small group of submarginal ducts only.

Ventral surface of pygidium with perivulvar pores in 5 groups, a median group of
I-4 pores, antero-lateral groups each with 6-10 pores and postero-lateral groups
each with 11-15 pores. Gland tubercles and small ducts in submarginal groups from
fourth segment to metathorax, becoming more numerous anteriorly, those on the
metathorax reaching as far as a point posterior to second spiracles. Mesothorax
with a scattered group of small submarginal ducts.

Angola, Missao de Santa Cruz, Cuando, N. Riquinha, on Diospyros batocana,
H. K. Munro, 11. viii. 1952.

This is a distinctive species with very short median lobes coming closest to R.
procera De Lotto described from Kenya. It differs from this species in having much
fewer dorsal ducts and also in the character of the marginal pygidial ducts which are
normal instead of possessing microducts on the capitate heads.

The squat median lobes suggest a close relationship to the genus Voraspis Hall.
This genus contains species with supplementary rows of pores on segments 3, 4 and 5
which, apart from one or two occasional pores, are absent in R. monile.

Rolaspis syrinx sp. n.
(Text-fig. 5)

Scale of adult female white, slightly widened apically ; exuviae pale brown, length
2;°0mm. Male scale white with smooth surface, uncarinated, length 1-2 mm.

A small elongate species measuring approximately I-o mm. in length. Body
moderately sclerotized at maturity except pygidium which is more heavily sclerotized.
Antennae each with a single stout seta. Anterior spiracles each with about 5 pores.
Pygidium with small anal ring situated towards base. Two pairs of lobes present ;
median lobes well developed, divergent, the space between forming a V, inner and
outer edges serrated and the bases yoked together by a narrow sclerotized band ;
second lobes bilobed, inner lobule longer than wide with a notch on either side,
projecting a little more posteriorly than median lobes, outer lobule similar in shape
to inner lobule but much smaller. Gland-spines paired, in each case composed ofa

398 SOME NEW DIASPIDINI (COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA

Fic. 5. Rolaspis syrinx sp. n.

SOME NEW DIASPIDINI (COCCOIDEA : HOMOPTERA) FROM AFRICA 399

long, slender spine and another very short spine, there being one such pair between
median and second lobes and a pair on margins anteriorly to fifth segment. Dorsal
tubular ducts of similar shape and size up to third abdominal segment and becoming
smaller anteriorly. A single marginal duct present between median and second
lobes and a pair on each margin of sixth segment, the latter accompanied usually by
a single submedian duct but these often absent. Fifth segment with about 3 marginal
ducts and submarginal and submedian groups. Anteriorly the submarginal and
submedian groups merge in well defined rows and on the third segment and up to
metathorax the ducts form transverse rows across the entire segments.

Ventral surface of pygidium with perivulvar pores in 5 groups, a median group
with 3-6 pores, antero-lateral groups each with 12-17 pores and postero-lateral
groups each with 17—30 pores, the lateral groups often merging. Gland tubercles
present in submarginal groups on fourth segment and becoming more numerous
anteriorly to mesothorax, these accompanied on the second and anterior segments
with groups of tubular ducts of a similar size to those in corresponding positions on
dorsum. Short microducts associated with these ducts on the thorax and anterior
abdominal segments and in a noticeable group posterior to first pair of spiracles.
Others present in submedian areas of metathorax and abdominal segments and also
in submarginal areas of pygidium.

On the leaves of Bulbophylum falcipetalum, Njala, Sierra Leone, F. A. Squire,
II.xi.1948.

This species comes nearest to R. spiculata Hall but differs in having each gland
spine on the pygidium accompanied by a small adventitious gland spine and also in
the fewer dorsal ducts in the submedian group of the sixth segment.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

The lettering used in the figures is as follows :—A. Adult female, general aspect.
B. Abdomen. C. Pygidium. D. Dorsal margin of pygidium. E. Ventral margin of

pygidium.

REFERENCES

Bavacuowsky, A.S. 1952. Coccoidea : Diaspidinae Nouveaux de Guinée Francaise (A. O. F.)

(1). Rev. Path. vég. 31 : 121-125.

1954. Les Cochenilles Paléarctique de la Tribu des Diaspidini. Mém. sci. Inst. Pasteur
Paris. 450 pp.

Hatt, W. J. 1946. On the Ethiopian Diaspidini. Tvans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 97 : 497-583.

ENTOM., 9, 8. 29

4 ae LR was ‘fe me 71. etc
Loe OEE ei? years Fie gti Pa ores

ae a) ee, ; em

3 i]
, ~ = iP fy

“Ee

' i ‘

a i ‘ a | oF,
i ‘ z a *

i i
‘ - a

Me ‘ : ary . ‘ ei ; i. i bias a Bx
ad fake

~~

wy gaa
‘

lai 4 « a,
ia

SUR LES PSELAPHIDES
(COLEOPTERA)
DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

RENE JEANNEL

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 9
LONDON: 1960

SUR LES PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA)
DE LINDE SEPTENTRIONALE

PAR

RENE JEANNEL . \

Pp. 401-456 ; 95 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 9
LONDON: 1960

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), istituled in 1949, is
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar ‘year.

This paper is Vol. 9, No. 9 of the Entomological
serves.

© Trustees of the British Museum, 1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued September, 1960 Price Twenty-two Shillings

SUR LES PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA)
DE LINDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Par LE Dr. RENE JEANNEL

M. E. B. BRITTON a mis a ma disposition un lot de trés nombreux Psélaphides
indéterminés, provenant de la Région Orientale et recus au British Museum au
cours des cinquante derniéres années. En présence de matériaux aussi considérables,
j'ai préféré en aborder l’étude successivement, par régions naturelles. De cette
facon il sera plus facile de mettre en relief les faits biogéographiques émanant de
l’étude des espéces, qui d’ailleurs sont nouvelles, dans l’immense majorité.

Ce premier mémoire a pour objet la faune de l’Inde, et principalement de |’Inde
septentrionale. D’autres suivront sur la faune de Ceylan et de l’archipel malais.

Si je commence cette étude des matériaux qui m’ont été confiés par ceux de |’Inde,
c’est parce qu’ils renferment en abondance des espéces de |’Himalaya et qu’on ne
connaissait absolument rien sur les Psélaphides de cette contrée.

On sait combien sont souvent précieuses les informations fournies par ces petits
Coléoptéres humicoles sur la genése des faunes montagnardes. Ne fallait-il pas
s’attendre a ce que les Psélaphides de |’ Himalaya apportent quelques faits nouveaux
éclairant les problémes posés par le peuplement de la plus grande chaine montagneuse
du monde?

A la vérité, les résultats généraux de |’étude qui va suivre ne devront pas étre
tenus pour définitifs. Les 60 espéces actuellement connues de l’Inde septentrionale
ne représentent qu’une partie de la faune existante. La plupart des exemplaires
que j’ai pu voir ont été pris a la lumiére, et les espéces aptéres, confinées dans l’humus
du sol, celles qui sont de beaucoup les plus intéressantes restent a découvrir. Mais,
tout de méme, étant donné que nos connaissances sur ces Psélaphides himalayens
partent de zéro, l’étude, qui va suivre, de soixante espéces nouvelles présente
quelque intérét.

Il est possible d’ores et déja de dégager les faits suivants :

I. Parmi les Psélaphides de l|’Inde septentrionale que j’ai sous les yeux, il ne se
trouve aucune espéce appartenant a une lignée paléarctique. Pas d’Ewuplectus
vrais; aucun représentant des deaux grandes tribus angariennes des Bythinini
et des Tychini, qui peuplent en abondance les montagnes européennes et atteignent
vers l’Est le Japon.

Toutefois, il n’est pas exclu que ces groupes soient tout de méme représentés dans
la faune himalayenne. Des recherches méthodiques de la faune humicole et endogée
pourraient fort bien les faire découvrir.

ENTOM. 9, 9 30

4044 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

II. Toutes les espéces connues de I’Inde septentrionale relévent de lignées
gondwaniennes orientales. Mais la faune des pentes de l’Himalaya montre un
degré d’endémisme trés prononcé. Dans la tribu des Batrisini, dix genres sur douze
sont particuliers a l’Inde septentrionale, bien différents de ceux qui peuplent Ceylan
et la Malaisie.

Ces Batrisini gondwaniens occupent méme parfois des Stations d’altitude élevée,
comme par exemple l’Hingstoniella lata sp. n., du Sikkim et du Thibet. Le genre
Hingstoniella nov., trés extraordinaire, n’a que des rapports assez lointains avec
les Ceroderma de la Malaisie. Son isolement sur ]’Himalaya doit étre fort ancien.

III. Une constatation assez inattendue est celle de la présence dans |’Himalaya
de genres appartenant a la faune africaine.

Le genre Asymoplectus, de la tribu des Euplectini, s’y trouve avec plusieurs
espéces. On sait que ce genre, originaire de l'Afrique australe, est représenté 4
Madagascar et s’est propagé au cours du Tertiaire sur l'Afrique intertropicale, jusque
dans l’Abyssinie. Les espéces de l’Himalaya se rattachent 4 cette lignée africaine,
et ilsemble donc bien que la migration qui a conduit les Asymoplectus en Abyssinie se
soit prolongée au dela, jusqu’aux montagnes de I|’Asie.

La présence d’un Batoxyla (Batrisini) et d’un Trichopselaphus (Pselaphini) dans
l’ Himalaya s’explique par des migrations semblables; mais celle du Ctenistidius
indicus sp. n., dans le Kumaon, est un fait d’un autre ordre.

Le genre Ctenistidius Jeann., connu du Tonkin, du Kumaon et de 1’Afganistan
est trés étroitement apparenté aux deux genres Ctenisomorphus Raffr. et Cteniso-
schema Jeann. tous deux endémiques sahariens. Ces trois genres de Ctenistini
forment une lignée qui a di se propager d’Asie en Afrique, lors de l’établissement des
grands déserts, pendant le Tertiaire. Et les Ctenistidius, issus de la souche asiatique,
se sont installés dans les montagnes.

4

Trib. EUPLECTINI Jeannel
Gen. PHILIOPSIS Raffray
Philiopsis Raffray, 1892, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 61:71; type: exigua Raffray.

Ce genre doit étre restreint 4 quelques espéces indo-malaises. Les nombreuses
espéces africaines que j’y ai rattachées forment aujourd’hui le genre Euphilops
Jeann. et les espéces malgaches le genre Paraphilops Jeann.

Philiopsis sulcicollis sp. n.

(fig. 1)
INDE. BENGALE OCCIDENTAL: Tiger Hill, Ghum distr., alt. 3, 500 m. env., a
Darjeeling, une femelle (type) (Dr. M. Cameron).
Long. 1,1mm. Ailé. Testacé rougeatre, la pubescence fine mais longue, clairsemée.
Assez large et peu convexe, lisse. Téte médiocre, le lobe frontal étroit, saillant, a
cétés paralléles, plus large que la moitié du front entre les yeux, sa surface profondé-

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE $405

ment excavée ; bord occipital incisé. Yeux aussi longs que les cétés des tempes
qui sont trés convexes. Antennes assez longues, le pédicelle oblong, aussi long et
aussi large que le scape, funicule gréle, les articles 4 4 8 un peu transverses, le 9 a
peine plus long que le 8, le 10 transverse et presque aussi long que le 9g, le 11 court.
Pronotum plus large que long, peu convexe, ses cétés arrondis, les angles postérieurs
effacés, disque avec une profonde fossette médiane prolongée par un sillon. Elytres
amples, déprimés ; trois fossettes basales, la strie discale présente. Abdomen court
et large, le premier tergite plus long que le deuxiéme, les carénules basales divergentes,
couvrant les deux tiers de la longueur du tergite et écartées de plus du tiers de la
largeur du disque a la base.

Bien différent des espéces malaises par la présence d’un sillon médian sur le
pronotum.

Fic. 1. Gen. Philiopsis Raffr.; Ph. sulcicollis sp. n., femelle, de Darjeeling, x 34.

Fics. 2-4. Gen. Asymoplectus Raffr. Fig. 2. A. convexicollis sp. n., male, de Sundero-
hunga, x22. Fig. 3. Edéage du méme, de profil, x100. Fig. 4. Edéage de I’A.
crenulatus sp. n., de W. Almora, x I00.

Gen. ASYMOPLECTUS Raffray
Asymoplectus Raffray, 1877; type caviventris Raffray. Jeannel, 1955, Mém. Mus., Zool. 9: 38.

Ce genre, originaire de l’ancien continent crétacé sudafricano-malgache (Sudamadie)
compte de nombreuses espéces autochtones dans |’Afrique australe et 4 Madagascar,’
et d’autre part des espéces émigrées dans l'Afrique intertropicale, surtout sur les
régions montagneuses de |’ Afrique orientale.

Il est donc remarquable que des espéces de ce genre se trouvent dans |’Inde
septentrionale, sur les pentes de |’Himalaya, et semblent méme y étre nombreuses.
Ces espéces himalayennes ont tout a fait l’aspect des formes africaines et présentent
les mémes caractéres généraux. Toutefois les édéages des deux espéces dont on
connait des males, sont assez particuliers (Text-figs. 3 et 4): la capsule basale est
sclérifiée, et est prolongée par une lame distale qui porte l’orifice distal 4 son sommet,

1 Les espéces malgaches seront décrites dans une Revision des Psélaphides de la région malgache, en
cours d’impression.

ENTOM 9, 9. 30§

406 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

alors que chez les Asymoplectus africains la capsule basale est membraneuse avec
l’orifice apical a la base des piéces distales. Sans doute faudra-t-il séparer les espéces
indiennes dans un sous-genre particulier.

Les espéces connues de |’Inde sont les suivantes :

1. Pronotum fortement sillonné sur la git médiane, les paras latérales du disque

déprimées. Long.1,4481,5mm. . . 1, crenulatus sp. n.
-. Pronotum a disque réguli¢rement convexe, non sillonné, sans dépressions latérales 2
2. Téte petite, 4 tempes effacées et peu convexes. rene: 2mm. . 2. convexicollis sp. n.
—. Téte grande, arrondie, les tempes convexes : 2 ; , ‘ 3
3. Pygidium de la femelle atténué en pointe. Long. 1,8 mm. . > 3. Caudatus sp. n.
-. Pygidium de la femelle simple. Long. 1,8 mm. . , ‘ ; 4. cameroni sp. n.

1. Asymoplectus crenulatus sp. n.

(fig. 4)

INDE SEPTENTRIONALE. KuMAON: Nainital, alt. 2,600 m. env., un male (type)
(H. G. Champion) ; Gori valley, alt. 2,400 m. env., une femelle (H. G. Champion).

Long. 1,4 21,5 mm. Testacé rougeatre luisant, la pubescence fine mais longue.
Allongé, peu convexe, lisse. Téte assez grande, le lobe frontal saillant mais court,
les sillons frontaux convergents en avant, le vertex convexe, le bord occipital avec
une profonde incisure ; yeux un peu plus courts que les tempes qui sont trés convexes.
Antennes a pédicelle long et épais ; le funicule trés gréle, a articles 4 et 5 globuleux,
les 6 4 8 un peu transverses, articles 9 et Io peu épais, un peu transverses, le 11 deux
fois plus long que le 10. Pronotum plus large que long, son bord crénelé, les angles
postérieurs effacés; disque peu convexe, avec une profonde fossette médiane
prolongée en arriére par un sillon, les parties latérales déprimées autour des fossettes
latérales. Elytres amples, plus longs que larges, convexes, trois fossettes basales,
la strie discale écourtée. Abdomen relativement large et peu convexe, les troisiéme
et quatriéme tergites trés grands. Pattes courtes.

Male. Fémurs intermédiaires renflés. Tibias antérieurs épaissis dans la partie
moyenne qui est presque dentée en dedans, le bout distal du tibia aminci et arqué.
Derniers segments abdominaux trés grands et infléchis, les derniers sternites

asymétriques.
Femelle. Fémurs gréles, tibias simples. Derniers segments abdominaux moins
grands.

Edéage (fig. 4) a capsule basale courte et sclérifiée, prolongée par une lame
distale peu infléchie, réguliére ; son extrémité s’atténue et forme une lame transverse
qui porte une apophyse gréle sur le bord gauche; lorifice apical s’ouvre a la face
ventrale. Pas de styles.

2. Asymoplectus convexicollis sp. n.

(figs. 2 et 3)

INDE SEPTENTRIONALE. UNITED PROVINCES: Kumaon; Sunderohunga, alt.
4,000 m. env., a W. Almora, un male (type) (H. G. Champion).
Long. 2 mm. Ailé. Testacé rougeatre luisant, lisse, la pubescence trés fine et

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE $407

courte, presque nulle sur l’avant-corps. Téte petite, le lobe frontal rétréci, les sillons
frontaux convergents, le vertex bombé, le bord occipital incisé sur la ligne médiane ;
yeux petits, plus courts que les tempes qui sont effacées. Antennes comme chez
le précédent, sauf que les articles 6 et 7 ne sont pas transverses ; article 8 un peu
plus épais que le 7. Pronotum grand, un peu plus large que long, le bord marginal
simple, sans crénulations, les angles postérieurs effacés; disque convexe, sans
dépressions latérales, la ligne médiane un peu déprimée mais sans sillon. Elytres
amples, convexes, un peu plus longs que larges; trois fossettes basales, la strie
discale écourtée. Abdomen long et étroit, paralléle, les tergites tres convexes, les
troisiéme et quatriéme trés grands. Pattes relativement longues.

Maile. Fémurs intermédiaires renflés. Tibias antérieurs avec une forte dent au
tiers proximal de la face ventrale. Sommet de l’abdomen trés fortement incurvé,
les sternites aplatis, le dernier asymétrique.

Femelle inconnue.

Edéage (fig. 3) de méme structure que celui du crenulatus, mais avec la
capsule basale plus allongée, la lame distale étranglée a la base, trés arquée, plus
atténuée, son extrémité distale avec une petite apophyse détachée du bord gauche.

3. Asymoplectus caudatus sp. n.

(fig. 5)

KasuHMIR: Gulmarg, alt. 3,000 m. env., une femelle (type) (Dr. M. Cameron).

Long. 1,8 mm. Testacé rougedtre, la pubescence courte et rare. Assez large.
Téte grande, arrondie, le lobe frontal peu saillant, les sillons frontaux peu profonds,
le vertex déprimé ; yeux de la femelle trés petits, aussi longs que le tiers des tempes,
celles-ci trés convexes; bord occipital échancré. Antennes longues, le pédicelle
oblong et épais, le funicule gréle, les articles 4 4 8 petits et subglobuleux ; articles
9 et 10 transverses, le 11 grand, trois fois aussi long que le 10. Pronotum plus long
que large, 4 c6tés arrondis, la base un peu rétrécie, les angles postérieurs obtus ;
disque réguli¢rement et peu convexe, sans sillon médian mais avec une trés petite
fossette. Elytres courts, trois fossettes basales, la strie discale trés écourtée. Abdomen
large et peu convexe, le troisiéme tergite plus grand que le deuxiéme, le dernier
fortement acuminé. Pattes longues et gréles.

Maile inconnu.

4. Asymoplectus cameroni sp. n.

Kasumir: Gulmarg, alt. 3,000 m. env., une femelle (type) (Dv. M. Cameron).

Long. 1,8 mm. Méme aspect général que chez le précédent. Téte aussi grande et
déprimée, le lobe frontal peu saillant, les yeux moins petits, aussi longs que la moitié
des tempes qui sont aussi convexes. Antennes semblables. Pronotum plus large
que long, moins rétréci 4 la base, son disque sans trace de fossette médiane. Elytres
et abdomen comme chez le caudatus, sauf que le pygidium est simple.

Male inconnu.

408 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Trib. BATRISINI Raffray
Subtrib. TRABISINA Jeannel
Gen. BATOXYLA Raffray
Batoxyla Raffray, 1897; type: punctata Raffray. Jeannel, 1949, Mém. Mus. 29: 121.

Genre répandu dans l’Afrique orientale.

1. Batoxyla fuliginosa sp. n.

(fig. 6)

INDE. BENGALE OCCIDENTAL ; Darjeeling, Ghoom, une femelle (type) (Dv. M.
Cameron).

Long. 2mm. Ailé. Brun noiratre foncé, les pattes un peu plus claires. Allongé
et convexe, uniformément couvert d’une ponctuation fine et dense, profonde, la
pubescence dorée, courte et couchée. Téte arrondie, le front réguli¢rement convexe,
sans dépressions ni sillons, le lobe frontal trés large ; yeux plus courts que les tempes.
Palpes petits, la massette ovale et mousse, non acuminée. Antennes longues, a

Fic. 5. Gen. Asymoplectus Raffr., A. caudatus sp. n. femelle, de Gulmarg, x25.

Fic. 6. Gen. Batoxyla Raffr.; B. fuliginosa sp. n., femelle, de Darjeeling, x16.

Fics. 7-8. Gen. Hingstoniella nov. Fig. 7. H. lata sp. n., male, de Lachen, x14. Fig. 8.
Edéage du méme, face dorsale, x 75.

massue peu tranchée, de trois articles, le scape trés court, les articles du 2 au 8
un peu transverses et croissant peu a peu de grosseur, les 9 et Io aussi longs que
larges, le rr ovale. Pronotum globuleux, sans fovéole basale. Elytres 4 peu prés aussi
longs que larges, sans strie discale, trois fossettes basales. Premier tergite abdominal
plus long que le deuxiéme, sans carénes latérales ni carénules basales. Pattes gréles.

Maile inconnu.

Par son aspect général, sa taille, la densité de sa ponctuation, cette espéce ressemble
davantage au Batoxyla gérardi Jeann., qui occupe le Ruanda et le Tanganyika

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 409

Territory, qu’au Batoxylina clavalis Jeann., décrit de Hoa-Binh, au Tonkin. C’est
pourquoi, sans connaitre le male, il faut placer l’espéce dans le genre Batoxyla.
Si cette attribution se confirme, on aura donc encore ici, un exemple de genre africain
représenté dans |’ Himalaya.

Subtrib. BATRISINA Jeannel

Les genres de cette sous-tribu, extrémement nombreuse en Afrique, ont été répartis
dans cinq Divisions principales (Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, série in-8°, Zool., 75 : 272.
Les genres de I’ Inde septentrionale relévent de trois de ces Divisions et on remarquera
que celles-ci ont toujours les parties latérales du disque du pronotum sillonnées.

TABLEAU DES GENRES DE L’ INDE ET DU PAKISTAN

1. Elytres a trois fossettes basales : ; ; : : : : : : 2
-. Elytres a deux fossettes basales : : : ; ‘ F 3
2. Cétés du disque du pronotum non sitlonnés (Division Ay,
—. Cétés du disque du pronotum sillonnés (Division IT) ; j , : ‘ 5
3. Cétés du disque du pronotum non sillonnés (Division rae
-. Cétés du disque du pronotum sillonnés . , 4
4. Edéage a capsule basale réduite ; tubuleux ou en collier, sans pitce articulse. (Divi-

sion IV) . P 6
— Edéage de type arthromélien, a capsule basale en urne transverse, avec une ne pidce arti-

culée (Division V) ; ‘ : ° . : ; ‘ : ‘ ; 10

Division IT
5. Bosses latérales du pronotum sans denticule. Trés large et déprimé, le pronotum
prés de deux fois aussi large que long, sans tubercules discaux ni fovéole basale
Gen. Hingstoniella nov.
-. Bosses latérales du pronotum avec un denticule. Forme normale, convexe et déliée,
le pronotum subglobuleux avec des tubercules discaux . . Gen. Tribasodites nov.

Division IV
6. Bosses latérales du pronotum avec un denticule, le pronotum non transverse.
Premier tergite abdominal a bord caréné sur toute sa longueur. Edéage en collier,

avec une apophyse latérale gauche ‘ ‘ , 2) Cen: i acie c nov.
— Bosses latérales du pronotum sans denticule. ‘ : é Ff
7. Céotés du premier tergite abdominal carénés sur toute leur longueur ‘ : ' 8
-. Cétés du premier tergite abdominal carénés seulement a la base . * 9
8. Pronotum globuleux. Caractéres sexuels males portant sur les quatre. tibias

postérieurs. Edéage en collier court, avec une apophyse latérale gauche
Gen. Batrisopachys nov.
~. Pronotum transverse. Pas de caractéres sexuels autres que la présence d’éperons
aux tibias intermédiaires des males ; : , Gen. Batrisodiola nov.
g. Premier tergite abdominal du male avec une paire de coquilles constituées par des
rangs de soies au devant de profondes fosses transverses. Edéage simple, lamelleux
Gen. Madrasorites nov.

Division V
10. Pronotum sans sillon médian. Caractéres sexuels mAles portant sur le front ’ II
—, Pronotum avec un sillon médian, Front simple chez le male , , , , 12

410 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

11. Front du male réguliérement convexe et lisse. Membres courts, les fémurs épais.
Antennes a article 10 simple chez le male. Piéce articulée de l’édéage en cornet
ouvert depuis la base ; ; . Gen. Trisiniotus nov.

—. Front du male élargi en bouclier transverse, peu convexe, poncteé, a bord antérieur
échancré, Gréle, les membres longs. Piéce articulée de l’édéage tubuleuse, recti-

ligne ‘ , Gen. Batristhenes nov.
12. Pas d’excavation sur le premier tergite abdominal du male. Piéce articulée de

l’édéage non inclinée en dedans ni arquée_ : : ; ; ; : 13
—. Premier tergite abdominal excavé ou sculpté chez le male . ‘ 14

13. Trés gréle, les fémurs gréles et fusiformes. Tibias intermédiaires des mAles dentés
au tiers distal. Piéce articulée de l’édéage en cornet ouvert depuis la base
Gen. Trisinarthrus nov.
—. Plus robuste, les fémurs courts, les tibias intermédiaires mutiques. Piéce articulée
de l’édéage en forme de long flagelle recourbé en anse . Gen. Plocamarthrus nov.
14. Piéce articulée de l’édéage inclinée en dedans et arquée . , Gen. Batrisiella Raffr.

Division II

Gen. HINGSTONIELLA nov.

Type: lata sp. n.

Trois fossettes basales aux élytres, mais les deux fossettes internes sont atrophiées
de sorte qu’il n’y a qu’une seule fossette bien visible, l’externe. D’autre part les
sillons latéraux du pronotum sont peu visibles.

Aspect trés insolite, rappelant un peu celui du Ceroderma asperatum Raffr., de
Penang par l’aplatissement et l’élargissement du corps. Téte petite, arrondie,
le lobe frontal trés court, les yeux réduits. Palpes petits, 4 intermédiaire court et
massette étroite, presque en batonnet. Antennes gréles, 4 massue de trois articles,
peu tranchée. Pronotum trés transverse, sans denticule sur les bosses latérales ;
pas de fovéole basale ni de tubercules discaux. Arriére-corps large et ovale, les élytres
assez longs, la strie discale présente. Premier tergite abdominal 4 bord caréné
sur toute sa longueur; pas de carénules basales ; deuxiéme tergite 4 bord caréné.
Pattes courtes, trés robustes.

Caractéres sexuels males portant sur le front.

Edéage ovoide, avec l’orifice basal ouvert dans l’axe de l’organe, l’orifice apical
ovale, ouvert a la face ventrale d’une saillie conique terminale.

Genre d’affinité incertaine, mais paraissant bien toutefois se rattacher aux lignées
indo-malaises.

Hingstoniella lata sp. n.
(figs. 7 et 8)

S1kkmM: Lachen, alt. 3,000 m. env., un male (type) (R. W. G. Hingston, iv.1924).
THIBET: Yatung, alt. 3,500 m. env., une femelle (R. W. G. Hingston, iv.1924).

Long. 3 mm. Trés large et peu convexe, le pronotum deux fois plus large que long.
Testacé rougeatre, la pubescence dorée courte et dense. Téte trés petite, transverse,
enchassée dans le pronotum sans laisser voir de cou; lobe frontal court, limité en

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE rr

arriére par un sillon, le front lisse, les yeux 4 peu prés aussi longs que les tempes
qui sont effacées. Antennes peu longues, le scape court, les articles 2 4 7 aussi longs
que larges, le 8 plus large que le 7, un peu transverse, les 9 et 10 transverses, le 11
deux fois aussi long que le 10. Pronotum trés peu convexe, finement et éparsement
ponctué, les bosses latérales sans denticule, les cotés rétrécis en arriére, sans sinuosité,
le disque uni, avec un fin sillon longitudinal médian. Elytres étroits a la base, la
strie discale présente. Abdomen aussi long que les élytres, trés atténué, le premier
tergite plus long que le deuxiéme, ses carénules externes obliques. Pattes courtes
et robustes.

Male avec une dépression de la partie postérieure du front, dépression au centre
de laquelle se trouve un petit bouton foncé. Tibias intermédiaires et postérieurs
avec de petits éperons.

Edéage : fig. 8.

Gen. TRIBASODITES nov.

Type: antennalis sp. n.

Trois fossettes basales aux élytres ; cdtés du disque du pronotum longitudinalement
sillonnés.

Forme gréle et déliée, les membres longs. Téte arrondie, 4 tubercules antennaires
saillants, la massette palpaire elliptique, non pédonculée, les antennes gréles. Pro-
notum avec un denticule sur les bosses latérales. Strie discale des élytres présente.
Premier tergite abdominal guére plus long que le deuxiéme, son bord externe caréné
sur toute sa longueur, les carénules externes obliques, les carénules basales peu
distantes.

Caractéres sexuels portant sur le front ou la massue antennaire. Tibias inter-
médiaires des males avec un €peron trés court.

Edéage allongé, tubuleux, l’orifice apical situé prés du sommet de la tubulure,
flanqué par une apophyse.

Ce genre est voisin de Tribasodes Jeann. du Japon, et d’Ancistromus Jeann.
Ce dernier genre avait été décrit pour recevoir un grand nombre d’espéces indo-
malaises 4 deux fossettes basales aux élytres, espéces s’apparentant aux Coryphomus
de l’Afrique intertropicale ; mais il se trouve que l’espéce-type de ce genre Ancis-
tromus, le longulus Jeann., du Tonkin, a été mal choisie. Elle ne présente pas le
caractére essential du groupe, ayant trois fossettes basales aux elytres.

Ainsi, Ancistromus Jeannel (1957, Rev. fr. d’Ent. 24 : 13) doit-il étre tenu pour un
genre de la Division II, avec l’unique espéce Jongulus. Et les espéces indo-malaises
a deux fossettes basales aux élytres, jusqu’ici considérées comme Ancistromus, seront
rassemblées sous le nom nouveau de Corvyphomodes (vois plus loin).

TABLEAU DES ESPECES

1. Plus gréle. Pronotum moins long que large, le disque avec une carénule médiane en

avant de la fovéole basale. Antennes gréles, le dernier article échancré a la base

chez le male (fig. 9). Long. 2,5 mm. : . I. antennalis sp. n.
-. Plus robuste. Pronotum aussi long que large, le disque a avec un n profond sillon médian.

Front du male avec un fort sillon transverse en arriére de la bosse du vertex. Long.

3 mm, ‘ F ; ; : ‘ ; 2 : ; 2. frontalis sp. n.

412 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

1. Tribasodites antennalis sp. n.

(fig. 9 a Ir)

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: W. Almora, Sunderohunga, alt. 3,000 m.
env., un male (type) (H. G. Champion), PunjaB: Simla Hills, Theog, alt. 2,500 m.
env., males et femelle (Dr. M. Cameron) ; Kotgarth, alt., 2,300 m. env., une dizaine
d’exemplaires (Dr. M. Cameron).

Long. 2,5 mm. Allongé et délié. Testacé rougeatre, la pubescence longue et
irréguliére. Téte arrondie, le lobe frontal déprimé entre les tubercules antennaires,
le vertex convexe, les yeux petits, plus courts que les tempes qui sont longues et
convexes. Antennes gréles, les articles 2 4 7 presque deux fois aussi longs que larges,
le 8 plus court que le 7, les articles de la massue bien déliés, le 11 deux fois plus long
que le 10. Pronotum court, moins long que large, les bosses latérales saillantes et

Fics. 9-11. Gen. Tribasodites nov. Fig. 9. Sommet de l’antenne du male du T. antennalis
sp. n., de Sunderohunga. Fig. 10. Edéage du T. antennalis sp. n., de Sunderohunga,
face latérale, x 120. Fig. 11. Le méme, face dorsale.

dentées, les cétés sinués en arriére ; disque avec deux carénes longitudinales peu
saillantes, encadrant une dépression médiane ot court une carénule médiane ;
deux tubercules spiniformes encadrent la fovéole basale. Elytres un peu plus longs
que larges. Abdomen non contracté, les tergites trés convexes, le premier un peu
plus long que le deuxiéme. Pattes trés robustes.

Male. Articles 9 et 10 des antennes asymétriques, le 11 trés échancré a la base,
avec un lobe épineux suspendu dans 1’échancrure (fig. 9).

Edéage (figs. 10 et 11) tubuleux, lorifice basal trés irrégulier, la tubulure
incurvée et coudée vers la gauche, l’orifice apical prés du sommet, du cété droit.

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 413

L’édéage présente une fenétre dorsale a la base et est recouvert par une lame hyaline.
Du cété ventral se trouve une expansion bifurquée qui représente sans doute les
styles.

2. Tribasodites frontalis sp. n.
(figs. 12 et 13)

INDE. PUNJAB ORIENTAL: Simla Hills: Parhatti valley, 4 Kulu (H. G. Cham-
pion). UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: W. Almora div., plusieurs males (dont le
type) et femelles (H. G. Champion).

Long. 3 mm. Robuste mais délié; testacé rougedtre, la pubescence longue et
irréguliére. Téte arrondie, peu convexe, les tubercules antennaires saillants, les
yeux saillants mais plus courts que les tempes. Antennes robustes, a funicule épais,

Fics. 12-13. Gen. Tribasodites nov. Fig. 12. T. frontalis sp. n., male, de W. Almora,
x16. Fig. 13. Edéage du méme, face forsale, x 85.

Fics. 14-15. Gen. Batrisopachys nov. Fig. 14. B. tibialis sp. n., male, de Pindar Valley,
x16. Fig. 15. Edéage, face dorsale, x 85.

les articles 3 a 8 a peine plus longs que larges, un peu moniliformes et décroissant
peu a peu de grosseur, les g et 10 pas plus longs que larges, peu épais, le 11 ovoide.
Pronotum aussi long que large, a bosses latérales dentées, les carénes discales peu
saillantes, la ligne médiane nettement sillonnée. Elytres convexes, aussi longs
que larges. Abdomen non contracté, le premier tergite de peu plus long que le
deuxiéme, les tergites trés convexes. Pattes trés robustes.

Male. Front avec une profonde fosse transverse en arriére de la saillie du vertex.
Antennes semblables dans les deux sexes.

Edéage (fig. 13) tubuleux, épais a la base, graduellement aminci dans sa
partie distale ; l’orifice basal est reporté sur la face ventrale, l’orifice apical est

ENTOM. 9, 9. 308§

414 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

flanqué par une apophyse incurvée a gauche et terminée par une palette tronquée.
Pas de lame hyaline recouvrant l’édéage.

Division IV

Gen. BATRISOPACHYS nov.

Type: tibialis sp. n.

Deux fossettes basales aux élytres; les cétés du disque du pronotum longitudi-
nalement sillonnés.

Pas de denticule sur les bosses latérales du pronotum, ni de carénes longitudinales
sur le disque. Quant aux caractéres sexuels des males, ils intéressent le quatre
tibias postérieurs.,

Edéage (Text-fig. 15) constitué par un collier qui porte 4 gauche une grande
apophyse recourbée, terminée par une dilatation transverse. Tout l’organe est
recouvert par une vaste lame hyaline a bord distal arrondi.

1. Batrisopachys tibialis sp. n.

(figs. 14 et 15)

INDE. UNITED Provinces: Kumaon: Pindar valley, alt. 3,800 m. env., 8
exemplaires (dont le type); Sunderohunga valley, W. Almora div., alt. 4,000
m. env., 14 exemplaires (H. G. Champion).

Long. 3 mm. Délié mais trés robuste. Testacé rougeatre luisant, la pubescence
courte et fine. Téte médiocre, arrondie, la pubescence courte et fine, le lobe frontal
déprimé entre les tubercules antennaires, le front lisse, les carénes latérales du front
obtuses, le cou étroit ; yeux petits, bien plus courts que les cétés des tempes qui
sont convexes, bombées. Palpes petits, 4 massette étroite. Antennes gréles, les
articles 2 a 6 plus longs que larges, les 7 et 8 un peu transverses, les 9 et Io transverses
et plus épais, le 11 deux fois aussi long que le 10. Pronotum aussi long que large,
subglobuleux, le disque avec un sillon médian et deux tubercules encadrant la
fovéole basale ; pas trace de carénes longitudinales. Elytres amples et convexes, la
strie discale présente. Abdomen peu atténué, le premier tergite de peu plus long
que le deuxiéme, avec deux profondes fossettes sur le bord basal, les carénules
basales distantes de moins du quart de la largeur du disque. Pattes longues.

Male. Angles huméraux des élytres saillants et carénés. Tibias intermédaires
avec une longue dent allongée oblique, au tiers distal du bord ventral. Tibias
postérieurs élargis dans leurs deux tiers distaux qui sont aplatis, un peu cambrés,
pubescents en dessous.

Edéage (fig. 15) court, l’apophyse coudée en dedans vers le milieu de sa
longueur, puis amincie et terminée par une dilatation transverse.

Gen. BATRISODIOLA nov.

Type: tvansversicollis sp. n.
Deux fossettes basales aux élytres; les cétés du disque du pronotum avec des
sillons longitudinaux.

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 6415

Taille moyenne. Yeux petits. Pronotum transverse, sans denticule sur les bosses
latérales. Cétés du premier tergite abdominal carénés sur toute sa longueur.

Pas d’autres caractéres sexuels que la présence d’éperons trés courts aux tibias
intermédiaires chez les males.

Edéage allongé, tubuleux, avec une forte apophyse du cété droit.

1. Batrisodiola transversicollis sp. n.
(figs. 16 et 17)

INDE. BENGALE OCCIDENTAL: Darjeeling, alt. 2,500 m. env., 2 males (dont le
type) (R. W. G. Hingston, ii1.1924).

Long. 2,5 mm. Allongé et délié, mais robuste ; brun de poix luisant, les pattes
un peu rougeatres. Téte arrondie, le lobe frontal anguleusement déprimé entre les

Figs. 16-17. Gen. Batrisodiola nov. Fig. 16. B. transversicollis sp. n., male, de Darjeeling,
x15. Fig. 17. Edéage, face dorsale, x 80.

Fics. 18-19. Gen. Madrasorites nov. Fig. 18. M. bifasciculatus sp. n., male, de Madura,
x15. Fig. 19. Edéage, face dorsale, x 80.

tubercules antennaires, les yeux petits, pas plus longs que le quart des tempes,
qui sont réguliérement convexes. Antennes robustes, peu longues, 4 massue peu
tranchée, le scape court, les articles 2 4 7 un peu plus longs que larges, le 8 plus
court et plus étroit que le 7, les g et 10 en toupies, aussi longs que larges, le II pas
plus large que le 10 mais deux fois plus long et acuminé. Pronotum presque aussi
long que large, a bosses latérales trés saillantes, arrondies, les cotés sinués en arriére,
la base trés étroite ; disque réguli¢érement bombé, sans carénes discales, les deux
tubercules peu saillants. Elytres aussi longs que larges, bombés, la strie discale
superficielle. Abdomen peu contracté, les carénules basales du premier tergite
écartées du quart de la largeur du disque. Pattes trés robustes.
Males avec un éperon trés court aux quatre tibias postérieurs.

416 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Edéage (fig. 17) grand, trés sclérifié, la capsule basale représentée par une
gaine chitineuse avec orifice basal ventral et une fenétre dorsale ; l’orifice apical
au sommet de la gaine et flanqué par une apophyse du bord droit, comprimée et
terminée par un épaississement transverse.

Gen. MADRASORITES nov.

Genre de la Division IV, les élytres ayant deux fossettes basales et le pronotum
des sillons latéraux. Yeux situés sur les cétés du front. Mais dans la Division IV,
ce genre est insolite, présentant des caractéres sexuels sur le premier tergite abdominal,
analogues a ceux des genres de la Division V.

Téte grande, a tubercules antennaires trés saillants, les palpes maxillaires simples,
a massette elliptique, non pédonculée. Pronotum avec un sillon médian. Premier
tergite abdominal trés grand, 4 bord caréné seulement dans sa partie antérieure ;
pas de carénules basales.

Male. Le premier tergite abdominal présente sur sa partie postérieure une
grande fosse transverse trés profonde et, en avant de la fosse, le disque porte
deux sortes de coquilles constituées par des rangs serrés de soies incurvées.

Edéage (fig. 19) simple, arqué, terminé en pointe, avec une apophyse latérale en
laniére.

1. Madrasorites bifasciculatus sp. n.
(figs. 18 et 19)

InpE. Mapras: Madura, 3 males (dont le type), sous le nom inédit de Batrisocenus
bifasciculatus, dans la collection Raffray.

Long. 2,5 mm. Peu allongé. Testacé rougeatre luisant, la pubescence longue.
Téte grande, le front subcarré, le lobe frontal large et déprimé, le vertex longitudi-
nalement sillonné; yeux aussi longs que les tempes, qui sont saillantes et trés
convexes. Antennes longues, les articles du funicule plus longs que larges. Pronotum
a bosses latérales saillantes, arrondies, sans denticule, le disque lisse, avec un sillon
médian, la fovéole basale en forme de sillon transverse ; pas de tubercules. Elytres
courts, a épaules effacées dans les deux sexes. Premier tergite abdominal trés
grand, les carénules externes trés courtes. Pattes robustes.

Caractéres sexuels et édéage : figs. 18 et 19.

Femelle inconnue.

Gen. CORYPHOMODES nov.

Type: cristatus sp. n.

Genre de la Division IV, mais avec un denticule sur les bosses latérales.

Dans ce genre entrent quelques espéces nouvelles de l’Inde et en outre toutes celles
que j’avais placées dans le genre Ancistromus (1957, Rev. fr. d’Ent. 24: 14), soit du
Tonkin, soit du Japon. Comme il a été dit ci-dessus, le genre Ancistromus ne doit
retenir que le seul A. longulus Jeann. et appartient a la Division IT.

Espéces de taille moyenne, gréles et déliées. Téte 4 carénes latérales saillantes, le
front avec deux grandes fossettes ocellaires. Palpes petits, la massette elliptique et

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 417

peu renflée. Pronotum avec des carénes longitudinales saillantes en avant des
tubercules discaux qui sont aigus ; ligne médiane sillonnée. Elytres 4 deux fossettes
basales, la strie discale présente. Premier tergite abdominal un peu plus long que
le deuxiéme, son bord caréné sur toute sa longueur. Pattes longues.

Généralement pas de caractéres sexuels, sauf la présence d’éperons aux tibias
postérieurs.

La plupart des espéces ne sont connues que par des femelles. Toutefois, chez
deux espéces de I’Inde, l’édéage se montre formé par un anneau basal portant une
grande apophyse ventrale et recouvert par une lame hyaline dorsale.

TABLEAU DES EspitcES
1. Téte transverse, ee les yeux assez grands, saillants en dehors, les tempes trés

obliques. ‘ : P ; 2
-. Téte arrondie, les yeux petits, les tempes longues et arrondies ; 5
2. Elytres lisses. Carénules basales du premier tergite abdominal trés rapprochées,

distantes du sixiéme de la largeur du disque . 3
-. Elytres ponctués. Carénules moins rapprochées, distantes du cinquiéme de la largeur

du disque. . . ; 4
3. Plus grand. Téte plus transverse, les tempes presque planes. Pronotum un peu

plus long que large. Male inconnu. Long. 2,5 mm. . ; . I. temporalis sp. n.
-. Plus petit. Téte plus étroite, les tempes convexes quoique effacées. Pronotum plus

court. Male inconnu. Long. 2,2 mm. (Tonkin) . ‘ ; (coomani Jeann.)

4. Bosses latérales du pronotum saillantes et tronquées, leur denticule trés saillant.
Elytres a ponctuation superficielle. Male inconnu. Long. 2,5 mm. (Japon)

(spinicollis Sharp)
-. Bosses latérales du pronotum plus arrondies, le denticule petit. Ponctuation des
élytres forte. Male inconnu. Long. 3 mm. (Japon) . ‘ i (brevispina Jeann.)

5. Carénes discales du pronotum saillantes, tranchantes, le t¢gument vaguement ponctué

entre les carénes, le denticule latéral petit. Carénules basales du premier tergite

espacées du quart de la largeur du disque ; : : : ‘ : 6
-. Carénes discales du pronotum effacées, le tégument lisse ; denticule latéral extréme-

ment petit. Carénules basales du premier tergite espacées du tiers de la ae

du disque : : 7
6. Yeux aussi longs que le tiers des tempes. Elytres plus longs que larges, étroits aux

épaules, élargis en arriére, peu convexes. Long. 2,5 mm. . , 2. cristatus sp. n.
-. Yeux pas plus longs que le quart des tempes. Elytres aussi longs que larges, convexes,

larges aux épaules. Long. 2,5 mm. : 3. humeralis sp. n.
7. Cédtés du premier tergite abdominal anguleusement élargis. Carénes discales du

pronotum peu saillantes. Male avec des caractéres sexuels sur les tibias postérieurs.

Long. 3 mm. : - : ; ; ; : : . 4. calcaratus sp. n.

Ce genre doit étre nombreux. Il semble que beaucoup d’espéces rangées par
Raffray dans les groupes XXIII 4 XXXIV de son grand genre Batrisocenus en
feront partie, lorsqu’elles auront été révisées.

1. Coryphomodes temporalis sp. n.

InDE. Mapras: Nilgiri Hills, alt. 1,000 m. env., une femelle (type) (H. L.
Andrewes).
Long. 2,5 mm. Testacé rougeatre luisant, enti¢érement lisse, Téte transverse,

418 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

losangique, les yeux trés saillants, aussi longs que la moitié de la tempe, qui est
trés oblique et 4 peine convexe. Lobe frontal étroit, l’épistome saillant ; bosse du
vertex haute, rétrécie entre les fossettes ocellaires. Antennes robustes, 4 massue
peu €paisse, les articles 2 a 7 a peine plus longs que larges, les 8 4 10 aussi longs que
larges. Pronotum aussi long que large, lisse, les bosses latérales arrondies en avant,
le disque avec les carénes longitudinales formant un tubercule au milieu de leur
longueur, le sillon médian étendu seulement sur la moitié postérieure. Elytres courts
et bombés, lisses, les épaules saillantes et carénées. Tergites abdominaux convexes
et paralléles. Pattes longues et robustes.
Maile inconnu.

2. Coryphomodes cristatus sp. n.
(figs. 20 et 21)

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: Gori valley, alt. 2,500 m. env., un male
(type) (H. G. Champion).

Long. 2,5 mm. Brun rougeatre, les antennes et les pattes rougeatres, la pubescence
longue. Téte arrondie, déprimée, le front grossiérement ponctué, les yeux 4 peu
pres aussi longs que le tiers des tempes qui sont longues et convexes. Antennes
assez gréles, les articles 5 et 6 deux fois aussi longs que larges, la massue peu renflée.
Pronotum aussi long que large, les bosses latérales arrondies et peu saillantes, les
carénes discales tranchantes, le tégument ponctué entre les carénes, la ligne médiane
sillonnée sur toute la longueur. Elytres longs et peu convexes, étroits aux épaules
qui sont carénées, le disque avec une caréne en dedans des stries discales. Abdomen
large, un peu ovale, les tergites convexes. Pattes relativement gréles.

Pas de caractéres sexuels.

Edéage (fig. 21) 4 capsule basale annulaire, l’apophyse longue, brusquement
coudée a gauche au sommet. La lame hyaline dorsale atteint presque le sommet de
l’apophyse.

3. Coryphomodes humeralis sp. n.

INDE. PUNJAB ORIENTAL. Simla Hills: Fagu, alt. 2,800 m. env., une femelle
(type) (Dr. M. Cameron).

Long. 2,5 mm. Voisin du précédent mais plus gréle, plus étroit. Téte semblable
sauf que le front est lisse, sans ponctuation, et les yeux plus petits, pas plus longs
que le quart de la longueur des tempes. Antennes semblables. Pronotum de méme
forme, mais avec les carénes discales moins tranchantes et le tégument lisse. Elytres
bien plus courts et surtout plus convexes, avec les épaules plus larges, plus saillantes
et plus carénées ; pas de caréne longitudinale sur le disque. Abdomen plus étroit,
plus paralléle. Pattes aussi gréles.

Maile inconnu.

Cette femelle ne peut pas étre rapportée a l’espéce précédente, d’abord a cause
de l’absence de ponctuation, puis surtout a cause de la forme des élytres. La saillie
des épaules de cette femelle indique que le male les aura au moins aussi saillantes et
sera ainsi bien différent du male du crisiatus.

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 419
4. Coryphomodes calcaratus sp. n.
(fig. 22)

KASHMIR: Gulmarg, male (type) et femelle (Dv. M. Cameron).

Long. 2,84 3 mm. Gréle et allongé. Testacé rougeatre, lisse, la pubescence longue
et irréguliére. Téte arrondie, déprimée, les yeux bien plus courts que les tempes
qui sont longues et convexes. Antennes gréles, avec les articles 6 et 7 deux fois
aussi longs qu” larges, les articles de la massue peu renflés et bien déliés. Pronotum

Fic. 20-22. Gen. Coryphomodes nov. Fig. 20. C. cristatus, sp. n., male, de Gori Valley,
x25. Fig. 21. Edéage du méme, x 130. Fig. 22. Edéage du C. calcaratus sp. n., de
Gulmarg, x 130.

petit, un peu plus long que large, les bosses latérales trés peu saillantes, le denticule
extrémement petit, surtout chez la femelle ; carénes discales effacées, le sillon médian
peu profond, s’effagant en avant. Elytres un peu plus longs que larges, les épaules
saillantes dans les deux sexes ; pas de carénes discales. Abdomen étroit et paralléle,
les tergites convexes, les carénules basales du premier tergite espacées du tiers de
la largeur du disque. Pattes longues et gréles.

Male. Yeux aussi longs que le tiers de la longueur des tempes. Cétés du premier
tergite abdominal anguleusement dilatés. Tibias intermédiaires avec une forte
dent distale crochue ; tibias postérieurs étranglés et coudés au quart distal, la partie
coudée épaisse avec une brosse et un éperon.

Femelle. Yeux plus petits, aussi longs que le quart de la longueur de la tempe.
Cétés du premier tergite abdominal rectilignes. Tibias simples.

420 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Edéage (fig. 22) semblable 4 celui du cristatus, sauf que l’apophyse se termine
par une dilatation transverse en forme de T, la branche gauche correspondant au
crochet du cristatus.

DrvISION V

Gen. TRISINIOTUS nov.

Type: nodicornis sp. n.

Petite taille. Court et trapu. Téte arrondie, non déliée, le cou épais. Palpes
normaux. Antennes courtes. Pronotum 4a bosses latérales peu saillantes, sans
denticule, le disque trés bombé, lisse, sans sillon médian, la fovéole basale en forme
de sillon transverse ; pas de tubercules discaux. Elytres 4 deux fossettes basales.
Premier tergite abdominal trés grand, peu convexe, ses cétés non carénés, mais
avec seulement un petit pli a la base ; carénules basales écartées de plus du tiers de
la largeur du tergite. Pattes courtes.

Male. Front bombé et lisse. Antennes 4 article 10 fortement renflé. Tibias inter-
médiaires avec un petit éperon.

Femelle inconnue

Edéage (fig. 24) 4 piéce articulée non rabattue en travers de la capsule, et
en forme de cornet ouvert depuis la base.

1. Trisiniotus nodicornis sp. n.
(figs. 23 et 24)

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: Dehra Dun, 3 males (dont le type)
(Dr. M. Cameron).

Long. 1,5 mm. Testacé rougeatre, lisse et luisant, la pubescence courte et rare.
Téte petite, enchdssée dans le pronotum, le cou caché mais large. Front du male
bombé, lisse, sans sillons frontaux, les yeux trés grands, plus longs que les tempes
qui sont obliques et effacées. Antennes courtes. Pronotum plus long que large et
plus étroit que la téte. Elytres longs et peu convexes.

Edéage (fig. 24) 4 capsule basale trés petite, lalame distale longue et lancéolée,
pointue, la piéce articulée en cornet trés régulier.

Gen. TRISINARTHRUS nov.

Type: depressifrons sp. n.

Petite taille. Gréle et délié, les pattes longues. Téte bien dégagée, le cou étroit,
le front déprimé. Palpes normaux. Antennes longues. Pronotum 4 bosses latérales
saillantes, le disque avec un sillon médian, la fovéole basale en forme de sillon trans-
verse ; pas de tubercules discaux. Elytres courts et bombés, deux fossettes basales.
Premier tergite abdominal trés grand, large, 4 cétés non carénés mais avec un petit pli
& la base; carénules basales écartées du tiers de la largeur du tergite. Pattes trés
longues et gréles.

Les caractéres sexuels portent sur la forme du front.

Edéage de méme type que celui du T7isiniotus.

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE $qz21

1. Trisinarthrus depressifrons sp. n.

(fig. 25)

INDE. BENGALE OCCIDENTAL: Darjeeling, Ghoom, males (dont le type) et femelle
dans la mousse, au bord des eaux (Dr. M. Cameron).

Long. 2 mm. Brun rougeatre, lisse et luisant, la pubescence assez longue et rare.
Téte grande, arrondie et déprimée, le lobe frontal large, le vertex aplati, les yeux plus
courts que les tempes qui sont saillantes et convexes. Antennes longues mais robus-
tes, tous les articles du 2 au 11 plus longs que larges. Pronotum aussi long que large,
aussi large que la téte, convexe, les bosses latérales saillantes et arrondies, la plus
grande largeur a peu prés a leur milieu; disque trés bombé, sillonné sur la ligne
médiane, les sillons latéraux faibles. Elytres courts et bombés, trés larges, 4 épaules
effacées dans les deux sexes.

Fics. 23-24. Gen. Trisiniotus nov. Fig. 23. T. nodicornis, sp. n., male, de Dehra Dun.
X31. Fig. 24. Edéage du méme, face dorsale, x 150.
Fic. 25. Gen. Trisinarthrus nov.; édéage du T. depressifrons, sp. n., de Darjeeling,
face dorsale, x 150.

Male. Front trés aplati et lisse, les tubercules antennaires saillants et relevés.
Tibias intermédiaires avec un petit éperon. Pattes plus longues, la partie basale
gréle des fémurs trés allongée.

Femelle. Front un peu convexe, sa partie antérieure en forme de bandeau plat
et ponctué, a bord antérieur anguleux. Pattes moins longues.

Edéage (fig. 25) a lame distale oblique, non acuminée, la piéce articulée trés
largement ouverte.

ENTOM. 9, 9. 3088§

422 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Gen. BATRISTHENES nov.

Type: clypeatus sp. n.

Petite taille: trés gréle. Yeux placés trés en arriére, les tempes étant de ce fait
trés effacées. Bien différent des genres voisins par la forme du front des males,
en bouclier transverse et ponctué.

Edéage du type arthromélien, la capsule basale transverse, grande, ouverte a
droite, la piece articulée insérée a gauche, non arquée et tubuleuse.

Les deux espéces dont la description va suivre vivent ensemble et sont presque
impossibles a distinguer extérieurement. Mais leurs édéages sont trés différents.

Fics. 26-28. Gen. Batristhenes nov. Fig. 26. B. clypeatus sp. n., male, de Haldwani distr.,
X32. Fig. 27. Edéage du méme, face dorsale, x 160. Fig. 28, Edéage du B. clypealis
sp. n., de Haldwani distr., x 160.

1. Batristhenes clypeatus sp. n.
(figs. 26 et 27)

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: Haldwani distr., 7 males (dont le type)
et une femelle (H. G. Champion).

Long. 1,5 4 1,6 mm. Testacé rougeatre luisant, presque glabre, la pubescence
courte, trés fine et rare. Téte déliée, les antennes longues et gréles, 4 massue peu
renflée. Pronotum un peu plus long que large, lisse, le disque tres bombé, sans
sillon médian. Elytres peu convexes. Premier tergite abdominal trés grand, sans
carénules basales, les cétés non carénés. Pattes longues et gréles, les fémurs fusi-
formes.

Male. Téte grande, a front élargi en bouclier convexe et ponctué, le bord antérieur
échancré. Elytres plus longs, 4 épaules un peu plus saillantes et a peine carénées.
Tibias intermédiaires avec une dent au tiers distal et un petit éperon.

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 423

Femelle. Téte plus petite, 4 front normal. Elytres courts, a épaules effacées.
Tibias inermes.

Edéage (fig. 27) a capsule basale relativement grande, la lame distale peu
sclérifiée, large et excavée dans sa partie distale, puis terminée par un crochet ;
piéce articulée épaisse, rectiligne, 4 sommet obliquement tronqué et avec un denticule
dorsal au niveau de l’orifice du sac interne, situé a la face interne.

2. Batristhenes clypealis sp. n.
(fig. 28)

INDE. UNITED PROVINCES. Kumaon: Haldwani distr., un male (type) (H. G.
Champion).

Long. 1,6 mm. Semblable au précedent, mais avec un édéage bien différent.

Edéage (fig. 28) a capsule basale plus petite, moins profonde, la lame distale
étroite, 4 borde paralléles, un peu incurvée au sommet et mousse. Piéce articulée
plus grande que chez le clypeatus, rectiligne puis épaissie au sommet, ot lorifice
apical s’ouvre en biseau sur la face externe.

Gen. PLOCAMARTHRUS nov.

Type: championt sp. n.

Espéces robustes a pronotum sillonné sur la ligne médiane et cotés du premier
tergite abdominal non carénés. Pas de caractéres sexuels sur le premier tergite ;
tibias intermédiaires des males mutiques.

Edéage a capsule basale en forme d’urne transverse, ouverte a droite, munie
d’une lame distale allongée et d’une piéce articulée insérée au fond de l’urne. Cette
piéce articulée est ankylosée, immobile, longue et gréle, avec l’extremité recourbée
en anse.

TABLEAU DES EsPECES

I. Yeux placés trés en arriére sur les cétés du front, avec les tempes effacés mais un

peu convexes ; 2
-. Yeux placés plus en avant sur les cbtés du front, les tempes ‘saillantes en arridre des

yeux ‘
2. Plus gréle. Antennes du male avec les articles 4 a 10 asymétriques, le 9 plus renflé

que les autres. Long. 2 4 2,2 mm. 5 . I. championi sp. n.
-. Plus robuste. Antennes du male simples. Long. 25mm. . ‘ 2. Cameroni sp. n.
3. Téte trés déprimée, aplatie, les tempes saillantes en dehors, en arriére des yeux,

ceux-ci plus petits. Long. 2,6 mm. , ; 3. planiceps sp. n.
~-. Téte non aplatie, les tempes trés arrondies. Yeux plus grands. Arriére-corps plus

large. Long. 2,6mm. . , , ‘ : , ; . 4. abdominalis sp. n.

1. Plocamarthrus championi sp. n.
(figs. 29 et 30)

INDE. PUNJAB ORIENTAL. Simla Hills: Gahan, Theog, Kotgarth, alt. 2,500 m.
env., nombreux exemplaires (Dr. M. Cameron). UNITED PROVINCES. Kumaon:

424 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Chakrata div., Deoban, Dodoro Khud (type), Khedar Khud, alt. 2,500 m. env. (Drv. M.
Cameron) ; Haldwani distr. (H. G. Champion) ; W. Almora: Sunderohunga (H. G.
Champion) ; Mussoorie, Ringal Gad (Dr. M. Cameron).

Long. 2 4 2,2 mm. Testacé rougeatre, la pubescence courte et dense. Allongé et
délié, gréle, les téguments lisses. Téte médiocre, le front convexe, les tubercules
antennaires saillants, le vertex carénulé, le yeux un peu moins longs que les tempes
qui sont convexes. Antennes courtes. Pronotum aussi long que large, les bosses
latérales arrondies, les cétés sinués en arriére. Elytres a strie discale bien visible.
Abdomen atténué. Premier tergite bien plus long que le deuxiéme, sans carénules
basales. Pattes longues.

Maile. Elytres plus longs, 4 épaules carénées, anguleuses. Antennes avec les
articles 7 4 10 asymétriques, épais et saillants en dedans, l’article 9 bien plus grand
et plus saillant que les autres (fig. 29).

O-1mm

Fics. 29-31. .Gen. Plocamarthrus nov. Fig. 29. P. championi sp. n., male, de Sunder-
ohunga, X24. Fig. 30. Edéage du méme, x95. Fig. 31. Edéage du P. cameroni sp. n., de
Kotgarth, x 100

Femelle. Antennes simples. Elytres courts. Premier tergite abdominal avec une
profonde dépression du milieu du bord basal.

Edéage (fig. 30) & capsule basale petite, la lame distale grande, large a la
base, atténuée dans sa partie distale et terminée par une dilatation transverse infléchie
et colorée ; piéce articulée longue et gréle.

2. Plocamarthrus cameroni sp. n.

(fig. 31)

INDE. PUNJAB ORIENTAL: Simla Hills: Kotgarth, 2,500 m. env. (type) (Dr. M.
Cameron); Seraj (H. G. Champion); Parhatti valley 4 Kulu (H. G. Champion).

OO OO OO EEE

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 425

UniITED PROVINCES. Kumaon: Chakrata div.: Manjgaon et Chatti Khud, alt.
2,500 m. env. (Dr. M. Cameron).

Long. 2,5 mm. Testacé rougedatre, la pubescence courte et dense. Aspect du
précédent, mais plus grand et plus robuste. Méme forme de la téte, avec les yeux
plus grands, plus longs que les tempes et celles-ci plus effacées, 4 peine convexes.
Antennes courtes. Pronotum et élytres comme chez le championi. Premier tergite
abdominal long, sans carénules basales. Pattes longues.

Mdle. Antennes simples. Elytres longs, 4 épaules saillantes et carénées. Premier
tergite abdominal avec un petit pli longitudinal sur le milieu du bord postérieur.

Femelle. Elytres courts. Premier tergite abdominal sans dépression du bord basal.

Fics. 32-34. Gen. Plocamarthrus nov. Fig. 32. Edéage du P. planiceps sp. n., de
Darjeeling, x 110. Fig. 33. P. planiceps sp. n., male, de Darjeeling, x20. Fig. 34, P.
abdominalis sp. n., femelle, de Gulmarg., x 20.

Edéage (fig. 31) a capsule basale plus grande et plus renflée que chez le
championt, la lame distale plus gréle, plus longue et terminée par une palette lancéolée;
piéce articulée plus épaisse et plus longue.

3. Plocamarthrus planiceps sp. n.

(figs. 32 et 33)
INDE. BENGALE OCCIDENTAL: Darjeeling, Ghoom, 2 males (dont le type) (Dr. M.
Cameron).
Long. 2,6 mm. Brun rougeatre foncé, la pubescence courte et dense. Robuste.
Téte du male grande et déprimée, avec les tubercules antennaires trés saillants,

- les yeux plus longs que les cétés des tempes, qui sont saillantes en dehors, en arriére

des yeux, le vertex aplati. Antennes assez gréles. Pronotum aussi long que large, a
bosses latérales saillantes, un peu anguleuses, leur sommet a peu prés au milieu de
la longueur du pronotum ; disque convexe, sillonné, Elytres 4 épaules effacées chez

426 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

le male. Premier tergite abdominal trés grand, peu convexe, sans carénules basales.
Pattes robustes.

Male. Pas de caractéres sexuels sur les antennes ni sur l’abdomen, mais |’aplatisse-
ment du front est sans doute particulier au male.

Edéage (fig. 32) a capsule basale renflée et lame distale représentée par une
tige peu a peu amincie et terminée par un crochet. Piéce articulée gréle, incurvée,
a anse distale extrémement courte.

4. Plocamarthrus abdominalis sp. n.

(fig. 34)

KASHMIR: Gulmarg, une femelle (type) (Dv. M. Cameron).

Long. 2,6 mm. Brun rougeatre foncé, la pubescence courte et dense. Epais,
trés robuste. Téte arrondie, grande et peu convexe, les tubercules antennaires trés
saillants, le lobe frontal avec un sillon transverse en V ouvert en avant, son angle
recevant l’extrémité d’une carénule médiane du vertex ; yeux saillants, aussi longs
que les cétés des tempes qui sont trés convexes. Antennes assez gréles, comme chez
le planiceps. Pronotum aussi long que large, a bosses latérales plus arrondies que
chez le planiceps, la sinuosité postérieure plus longue. Elytres trés bombés, a épaules
effacées. Abdomen trés large, le premier tergite trés grand, a cétés paralléles. Pattes
robustes.

Male inconnu.

Gen. Batrisiella Rafiray

Batrisiella Raffray, 1904, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 73:11; type: caviventris Raffray (Ceylan)—
Arthromelinus Jeannel, 1952, Rev. fr. d’Ent. 19:98; type: angulatus Jeann. (Sumatra.).

I] n’est pas doutex que le nom de genre Batrisiella Raffr. doit remplacer Arth-
rvomelinus. Le type du Batrisiella caviventris Raffr., de Ceylan, est perdu ; mais des
exemplaires recueillis par G. Lewis, appartenant sans aucune doute a cette espéce,
montrent qu’il n’existe aucune différence dans l’écartement des hanches postérieures
qui puisse justifier la séparation de deux genres.

L’édéage des espéces de l|’Inde septentrionale est d’un type assez constant, avec
Vorifice basal de la capsule ouvert a la face ventrale, la piéce articulée toujours
épaisse et peu arquée. Par contre, le protervus, des monts Nilgiri, a |’édéage pourvu
d’une piece articulée trés gréle et trés arquée, semblable a celle des espéces malaises.

TABLEAU DES EsPpbCES DE L’INDE ET DU PAKISTAN
1. Caractéres sexuels des males portant seulement sur le bad ee, abdominal.

(Espéces de l’Inde septentrionale) : ‘ ‘ 2
~. Caractéres sexuels des males portant sur les deux premiers tergites. (Espéces de
l’Inde péninsulaire) . 3

2. Antennes courtes, a articles moyens a peine plus longs que larges. Premier tergite des
males avec une vaste excavation circulaire. (Groupe du foveola)

-. Antennes longues, les articles moyens deux fois aussi longs que larges. Premier tergite
des males avec une fosse transverse sur la moitié postérieure. (Groupe du /ibialis).

3. Piéce articulée de l’édéage épaisse. (Groupe du campbelli) . <

-. Piéce articulée de l’édéage trés gréle, trés longue et trés arquée. (Groupe du protervus).

Onn oo

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 427
Groupe du foveola

4. Pronotum plus long que large, les bosses latérales peu saillantes. Fosse du premier
tergite de male n’occupant que la moitié postérieure (fig. 39). Long. 1,8 mm.
1. foveola sp. n.

-. Pronotum pas plus long que large, les bosses latérales Ps saillantes. Fosse du premier
tergite occupant toute la face dorsale . : ; 5

5. Premier tergite du male a parties latérales lisses (Text-fig. 38). Pe 18 mm.
2. hastata sp. n.

-. Premier tergite du male avec une plage ponctuée sur les parties latérales (Text-fig. 40).
Long.1,8mm. . A : E : ‘ . é é 3. biharensis sp. n.

Groupe du tibialis

6. Tibias antérieurs du male renflés au sommet, avec une profonde échancrure dorsale
(Text-fig. 44). Long. 2,5 mm. : , , ; ; : . 4. tibialis sp. n.

Groupe du campbelli

7. Grande taille, les membres longs, les élytres du male étroits en avant, 4 épaules trés
effacées. Long. 2,2 mm. ‘ ; , , 3 : ; 5. campbelli sp. n..

Groupe du proterva

8. Membres relativement courts, les élytres du male a4 épaules saillantes et dentées.
Long. 2 mm. : : : é : ; ‘ : ‘ 6. proterva Raffr.

Groupe du foveola

1. Batrisiella foveola sp. n.

(figs. 39 et 42)

INDE. UNITED PRovincEs. Bareilly, un male (type) (H. G. Champion). PAKISTAN.
PAKISTAN ORIENTAL: Sarda, 2 males (F. W. C.).

Long. 1,8 mm. Ailé. Testacé rougeatre lisse et luisant, la pubescence trés rare.
Antennes peu longues, les articles 5 et 6 seulement un peu plus longs que larges.
Pronotum plus long que large, ses bosses latérales peu saillantes. Pattes courtes.

Male. Epaules saillantes, anguleuses. Premier tergite abdominal (fig. 39) allongé,
avec sa fosse n’occupant que la partie postérieure. Tibias gréles.

Edéage (fig. 42) a capsule basale petite, la lame distale grande et large,
lancéolée, transversalement tronquée au sommet. Piéce articulée longuement arquée,
a sommet mousse, dépassant amplement le sommet de la lame distale.

2. Batrisiella hastata sp. n.

(figs. 38 et 41)

INDE. UNITED PRoviINcES. Kumaon: Dehra Dun, plusieurs males (dont le
type) et une femelle (Dv. M. Cameron).

Long. 1,8 mm. Ailé. Testacé rougedtre lisse et luisant, la pubescence assez
dense, Antennes plus courtes que chez le précédent, les articles 5 et 6 a peine plus

428 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

longs que larges. Pronotum aussi long que large, a bosses latérales saillantes. Elytres
amples, peu convexes. Pattes courtes. .

Male. Elytres a épaules saillantes et anguleuses. Premier tergite abdominal
(fig. 38) bien plus large que long, 4 cétés arqués, la fosse trés vaste, les deux
bosses antéro-latérales du tergite lisses. Tibias gréles.

Edéage (fig. 41) 4 capsule basale transverse et lame distale grande, longuement
lobée au milieu de son bord droit et terminée par une palette lancéolée. Piéce
articulée courte et peu arquée.

3. Batrisiella biharensis sp. n.

(figs. 40 et 43)

INDE. BIHAR: Ranchi, un male (type) a la lumiére.
Long.1,8mm. Ailé. Aspect du précédent, quoique un peu moins épais, les antennes

Fics. 35-40. Gen. Batrisiella Raffr., tergites abdomineux des males. Figs. 35 et 36.
B. tibialis sp. n., de Muila Swallet. Fig. 37. B. campbelli, sp. n., de Kadai Kanal.—Fig.

- 38, B. hastata sp. n., de Dehra Dun.—Fig. 39. B. foveola, sp. n., de Bareilly.—Fig. 40.
B. biharensis, sp. n., de Ranchi.

aussi courtes.

Male. Premier tergite abdominal moins large que chez hastatus, ses cétés bien
moins arqués, la fosse aussi vaste, mais les bosses antéro-latérales portent une aire
ponctuée (fig. 40).

Edéage (fig. 43) bien différent de celui du /astatus, la capsule basale plus

=>

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 429

petite, la lame distale large, peu 4 peu atténuée et tordue en S avant l’extrémité.
Piéce articulée gréle, trés arquée, avec deux lobes terminaux.

Groupe du tibialis

4. Batrisiella tibialis sp. n.

(figs. 35, 36, 44 et 45)

INDE. UNITED PROVINCES. Kumaon. Chakrata div.: Muila Swallet, une dizaine
d’exemplaires (dont le type) (EZ. A. Glennie).

Long. 2,5 mm. Ailé. Testacé rougeatre luisant, lisse, la pubescence courte. Anten-
nes longues, les articles 4 et 5 deux fois aussi longs que larges, les 6 et 7 un peu moins
longs. Pronotum aussi long que large, a bosses latérales peu saillantes. Elytres
amples. Pattes longues et gréles.

Male. Angles huméraux des élytres effacés. Premier tergite abdominal avec une

Fics. 41-43. Gen. Batrisiella Raffr., édéages, face dorsale, x140.—Fig. 41, B.
hastata, sp. n., de Dehra Dun.—Fig. 42, B. foveola, sp. n., de Bareilly.—Fig. 43, B.
biharensis, sp. n., de Ranchi.

fosse transverse courte sur la partie postérieure (figs. 35 et 36). Tibias antérieurs
(fig. 44) renflés dans leur partie distale, le renflement avec une profonde encoche
entre deux dents sur la face dorsale.

Edéage (fig. 45) a capsule basale petite, la lame distale longue et étroite,
rectiligne, terminée par une palette plus ou moins recourbée en volute, la piéce
articulée arquée mais non infléchie en travers de la lame distale, épaisse a la base et
effilée au sommet,

430 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE
Groupe du campbelli
5. Batrisiella campbelli sp. n.

(figs. 37 et 46)

INDE. Mapras: Kodai Kanal, un male (type) (T. V. Campbell).

Long. 2,2 mm. Brun rougeatre foncé luisant, la pubescence rare. Délié, les
membres longs. Antennes gréles, les articles 5 et 6 deux fois aussi longs que larges.
Pronotum aussi long que large, trés convexe et trés rétréci 4 la base, ses bosses
latérales longuement arrondies. Elytres courts a épaules trés effacées chez le male,
l’abdomen trés large. Pattes longues.

Fic. 44. Gen. Batrisiella Raffr., tibia anterieur du male de I’B. tibialis sp. n., de
Muila Swallet.

Figs. 45-47. Gen. Batrisiella Raffr., édéages, face dorsale, x110. Fig. 45, B.
tibialis sp. n., de Muila Swallet. Fig. 46. B.campbelli sp. n., de Kadai Kanal. Fig. 47.
A. proterva Raffr., des Nilgiri Hills.

Maile. Premier tergite abdominal uni, 4 bord distal un peu échancré, le deuxiéme
tergite avec une étroite fosse transverse (fig. 37).

Edéage (fig. 46) & capsule basale arrondie, un peu caudée a la base, la lame
distale étroite, peu a peu rétrécie et incurvée au sommet. Piéce articulée épaisse et
couchée en travers sur la base de la lame distale, puis coudée et effilée en longue
pointe.

Groupe du proterva

6. Batrisiella proterva Raffray

(fig. 47)
Raffray, 1908, Ann. Soc. ent. Belge, 52: 206 (Batrisocenus) ; type: Nilgiri Hills (Mus. Paris).

CE EEE EOL

INDE, MADRAS: Nilgiri Hills, male et femelle (H. E, Andrewes).

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 431

Long. 2 mm. Ailé. Testacé rougeatre lisse et luisant, la pubescence longue et
hirsute, peu dense. Robuste. Antennes épaisses, peu longues, les articles 5 et 6
une fois et demie aussi longs que larges. Pronotum aussi long que large, sa plus
grande largeur au milieu, la base large, le disque fortement sillonné. Arriére-corps
ovale. Pattes robustes.

Male. Elytres plus longs, 4 épaules saillantes et anguleuses. Premier tergite
abdominal avec un petit pli médian sur le bord postérieur, le deuxiéme tergite avec
une fosse transverse dont le bord postérieur est retroussé en petite lame transverse
triangulaire.

Edéage (fig. 47) a capsule basale large, arrondie, la lame distale triangulaire,
large a la base et trés rétrécie au sommet qui porte deux apophyses. Piéce articulée
trés longue, trés gréle, arquée en demi-cercle.

Trib. ARNYLLIINI Jeannel

Gen. ARNYLLIUM Reitter

Arnyllium Reitter, 1883; type: pectinatum Reitter. Raffray, 1896, Ann. Soc. ent. France,
65: 250. 1904, loc. cit. 73: 43. Jeannel, 1952, Rev. fr. d’Ent. 19: 101. 1957, loc. cit. 24: 18.

1. Arnyllium stevensi sp. n.

(figs. 48 a 51)

SIKKIM : Gopaldhara, une dizaines d’exemplaires (dont le type) (H. Stevens).

Long. 3 mm. Testacé rougeatre, lisse et luisant, la pubescence rare sur |’avant-
corps, courte et dressée sur les élytres et l’abdomen. Téte médiocre, les yeux plus
courts que les tempes. Antennes pectinées (groupe I de Raffray), les articles 1 a 6
simples, les 7 et 8 avec une tubérosité sur la face interne, les 9 et 10 avec des lobes
qui ne sont pas plus longs que larges, le 11 réguli¢rement elliptique (Text-fig. 49).
Pronotum a peine plus long que large. Arriére-corps ovale, large et trés convexe.
Pattes trés robustes.

Maile. Tibias antérieurs plus épais a la base, leur face dorsale avec une brosse de
soles.

Edéage (fig. 50) ovale, membraneux, son extrémité distale avec deux sclérites
et les deux styles en forme de petits crochets cachés a la face ventrale (Text-fig. 51).

Différent des autres espéces 4 antennes pectinées par la réduction des lobes des
articles. Chez le pectinatum Reitter, ciliatum Raffr., forcipiter Raffr., tous de la
Malaisie, les lobes des articles 7 4 10 sont nettement plus longs que larges.

Trib. PROTERINI Jeannel

J'ai déja signalé (1952, Rev. fr. d’Ent. 19 : 80) que les genres asiatiques de cette
tribu sont de deux sortes. Chez les genres indo-malais Proterus Raffr., Neodeuterus
Schauf., Phthartomicrus Schauf., Intempus Reitt., Mechanicus Schauf., Pseudoterus
Raffr., genres que Raffray avait classés parmi ses Euplectini, les antennes sont

432 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

toujours épaisses, avec les articles de la massue trés épais, et le premier tergite
abdominal est court, pas plus long que le deuxiéme. Chez d’autres genres, par
contre—et ceux-ci s’allient aux genres africains—les antennes sont gréles, 4 massue
formée de trois articles bien déliés dont le dernier seul est trés gros; le premier
tergite est géneralement bien plus grand que le deuxiéme. Les genres Bythinophanax
Reitt. et Bythinoderes Reitt. sont de ce type, et Raffray les avait placés dans ses
Tychini (Bythinini).

Fics. 48-51. Gen. Arnyllium Reitti. Fig. 48, A. stevensi sp. n., male, du Sikkim, x 21.
Fig. 49. Sommet le l’antenne. Fig. 50, Edéage, face dorsale, x 100. Fig. 51, Extrémité
dislate de l’édéage, face ventrale.

Dans I|’Inde péninsulaire, il existe un Mechanicus sculpturatus Rafir., décrit des
Nilgiri Hills (1908, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 52: 205), espéce a forte ponctuation, remar-
quable par sa massue antennaire de trois articles et non de deux. Le type ne se
trouve pas dans la collection Raffray.

Par contre dans l|’Inde septentrionale se trouvent deux espéces de méme type
antennaire que les Bythinoderes et Bythinophanax, c’est-a-dire aussi que les formes
africaines, f

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 433

Gen. CEPHALAXIS nov.

Type: championi sp. n.

Allongé, subparalléle et lisse, la téte trés grande, le yeux petits, le front uni et
convexe. Palpes maxillaires petits, 4 massette ovale. Antennes fines, 4 funicule
gréle et articles 9 et 10 transverses mais guére plus larges que les articles du funicule,
larticle 1m au contraire trés renflé. Pronotum lisse, 4 bosses latérales saillantes, le
disque a peine sillonné, avec deux tubercules encadrant la fovéole basale. Elytres
a trois trés petites fossettes basales, les rebords latéraux bien visibles de haut.
Abdomen allongé, paralléle, les quatre premiers tergites rebordés, le premier plus
grand que le deuxiéme, avec des carénules basales. Cavités coxales postérieures
trés séparées ; six sternites tous articulés, les cing premiers sensiblement de méme
longueur. Pattes robustes, le deuxiéme article des tarses épais.

Fics. 52-53. Gen. Cephalaxis nov. Fig. 52. C. championi sp. n., male, x32. Fig. 53,
Edéage, face dorsale, x 160.

Fics. 54-55. Gen. Salpictomelus nov. Fig. 54, S. pachys sp. n., male, de Haldwani distr.,
X37. Fig. 55, Edéage, face forsale, x 140.

Edéage (fig. 53) symétrique, avec deux styles sétiféres.

Genre trés isolé de tous ceux placés dans la tribu des Proterini. I] est le seul a
avoir trois fossettes 4 la base des élytres. D’autre part le faciés évoque les Euplectini,
mais avec la différence essentielle que les cavités coxales postérieures sont séparées
par une grande apophyse du metasternum. Quant a l’édéage, sa structure symétrique
et ses styles sétiféres rappellent tout a fait certains Bryaxis (Arcopagus).

Cephalaxis championi sp. n.

(figs. 52 et 53)

INDE. UNITED PRovINcEs. Kumaon: Tanagpur, un male (type) (H. G. Champion);
Dehra Dun, une femelle (Dv. M. Cameron).

Long. 1,2 mm. Ailé, Testacé rougeatre, lisse et luisant, la pubescence trés fine
et trés rare. Allongé et paralléle, déprimé. Téte volumineuse, transverse, le lobe

434 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

frontal court et large, le front convexe, avec une grande fossette occipitale, les yeux
petits, plus courts que les tempes qui sont convexes. Antennes longues et fines,
les articles 9 et 10 trés plats, discoides, le 11 trés volumineux. Pronotum transverse,
les bosses latérales saillantes et arrondies, les c6tés sinués en arriére ; disque a peine
sillonné sur la ligne médiane, sans sillons latéraux. Elytres a peu prés aussi longs
que larges, aplatis, sans strie discale. Abdomen a trois premiers tergites de méme
longueur, le quatriéme petit ; carénules basales du premier tergite obliques, espacées
de moins du tiers du disque a la base.

Edéage (fig. 53) a capsule basale arrondie, avec un manchon distal atténué,
laissant voir une lame ventrale inclinée a droite et tronquée. Styles symétriques,
acuminés, avec trois soies subapicales sur la face externe.

Gen. SALPICTOMELUS nov.

Type: pachys sp. n.

Forme large et épaisse des Mechanicus Schauf., mais avec les caractéres essentiels
de Bythinophanax. Epais et lisse, la téte transverse, le front convexe. Palpes maxil-
laires petits, la massette ovalaire. Antennes fines, la massue de trois articles, mais
les g et 10 a peine plus larges que le 8, le 11 seul renflé. Pronotum transverse, a
bosses latérales arrondies, sans troncature postérieure, le disque avec un sillon médian
et des sillons latéraux ; pas de tubercules sur le disque. Elytres amples, larges ;
deux grandes fossettes basales, la strie discale présente. Abdomen a premier tergite
bien plus grand que le deuxiéme. Cavités coxales postérieures trés distantes, écartées
du tiers de la largeur du métasternum ; six sternites abdominaux, les deux premiers
trés grands et subégaux. Pattes gréles.

Edéage (fig. 55) constitué par une capsule basale portant une tubulure en
forme de trompette, qui renferme la terminaison du sac interne ; deux styles achétes,
trés inégaux.

Genre a placer prés de Bythinophanax Reitt., a cause du développement du
premier tergite abdominal, mais trés isolé par la structure de l’édéage.

Salpictomelus pachys sp. n.

(figs. 54 et 55)

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: Haldwani distr., 7 exemplaires (dont le
type) (H. G. Champion). .

Long. 1,1 mm. Ailé. Testacé rougeatre, lisse et luisant, la pubescence fine et
rare. Trés épais, trapu. Téte médiocre, transverse, le lobe frontal déprimé, le vertex
saillant ; yeux plus longs que les tempes. Pronotum transverse, les bosses latérales
arrondies, les cétés sinués en arriére, la base large ; disque convexe, a sillon médian
large et profond. Elytres subcarrés, trés amples et assez convexes, le rebord marginal
bien visible de haut. Premier tergite abdominal trés grand, peu convexe, a bord
marginal caréné sur toute sa longueur; carénules externes obliques; carénules
basales courtes, espacées de moins du tiers de la largeur du disque. Pattes gréles.

Edéage (fig. 55) a capsule basale ovale, hyaline, sans fenétre dorsale; la
tubulure distale, trés étroite 4 la base, s’infléchit 4 gauche puis s’élargit en pavillon

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 435

de trompette, dans lequel se voit un sclérite. Styles lamelleux, trés inégaux, le droit
grand et ovale, le gauche court, tous deux sans soies.

Trib. BRACHYGLUTINI Raffray
Gen. DIROPTRUS Motschulsky

Diropirus Motschulsky, 1858, Et. Ent., 7:28; type: ceylanicus Motschulsky. Raffray, 1904,
Ann. Soc. ent. France, 73 : 200.

Genre formé d’espéces ayant l’aspect des Batraxis Reitt., mais avec le petit article
distal des palpes maxillaires filiforme, aussi long que la moitié de la massette.

Les espéces connues jusqu ici, ceylanicus Motsch., monoceros Raffr. et une troisiéme
inédite, vivent a Ceylan. L’espéce suivante, de l’Inde septentrionale, différe des
espéces cinghalaises par la présence de caractéres sexuels sur le funicule antennaire.

ky
Cs :

Figs. 56-57. Gen. Divoptrus Motsch. Fig. 56. D. monilicornis sp. n., male, de W. Almora,
x30. Fig. 57. Edéage, face dorsale, x 140.

Fic. 58. Gen. Rybaxis Saulcy ; édéage du R. ocellata Raffr., de Nainital, x 125.

Diroptrus monilicornis sp. n.

(figs. 56 et 57)

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: W. Almora, 2 males (dont le type) et 2
femelles (H. G. Champion) ; Sarjii valley, alt. 1,200 m., 2 femelles (H. G. Champion).

436 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Long. 2 mm. Ailé. Brun de poix luisant trés foncé, glabre. Allongé et délié. Téte
médiocre, arrondie, le front lisse et uni, le lobe frontal large, transversalement sillonné,
avec les tubercules antennaires saillants en dehors ; yeux plus courts que les tempes
qui sont convexes. Antennes longues, les articles 9 et 10 transverses, le 11 triangulaire
et un peu asymétrique. Pronotum transverse, sa plus grande largeur avant le milieu,
le disque trés convexe, uni et luisant, la fovéole basale ponctiforme ; pas de fossettes
latérales. Elytres trés réguliérement convexes, les fossettes basales trés petites
(au nombre de deux) ; pas trace de strie discale. Premier tergite abdominal trés
grand, avec une vaste fossette du bord basal. Pattes gréles, les tibias difformes dans
les deux sexes, avec une constriction médiane, suivie d’une dilatation de la moitié
distale ; terses longs et gréles.

Male. Antennes avec les articles 5 4 8 renflés, subsphériques, alors que ces articles
sont gréles et un peu plus longs que larges chez la femelle.

Edéage (fig. 57) a capsule basale sphérique, membraneuse, les styles trés
longs, convergents par leurs extrémités distales, amincies et coudés en dedans ;
une grande soie externe sur la coudure. Sac interne avec une paire de longues
baguettes.

Cet édéage est trés différent de celui du Batraxis curvispina Raffr. (1952, Rev.
fr. @Ent. 19 : 84, fig. 19).

Gen. RYBAXIS Saulcy
Rybaxis Saulcy, 1876, Spec. 2: 136; type: sanguinea Leach. Bryaxis Leach, nec Kugelan.

Rybaxis ocellata Raffray

(fig. 58)
R. occellata Raffray, 1908, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 52: 208; type: Nilgiri Hills (Mus. Paris).
Edéage : fig. 58.
INDE. PUNJAB ORIENTAL: Jibbi Seraj, alt. 1,800 m. env., une femelle (H. G.

Champion). Kumaon: W. Almora, Nainital, 2 males et une femelle (H. G. Champion).
INDE. MApRAS: Nilgiri Hills, males et femelles (H. L. Andrewes).

Gen. REICHENBACHELLA Jeannel

Comme je l’ai déja signalé, les Reichenbachella asiatiques ont fréquemment des
édéages sans soies sur les styles, mais ces édéages ont toujours les raphés longitudinaux
qui sont caractéristiques du genre.

Reichenbachella sardana sp. n.
(fig. 60)

PAKISTAN. PAKISTAN ORIENTAL: Sarda, male (type) et femelle (F. W. C.).
Long. 1,8 mm. Testacé rougeatre, la pubescence fine et trés courte, la ponctuation
trés superficielle. Voisin de l’indica Rafiray. Méme forme générale, quoique l’abdo-

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 437

men soit moins contracté. Comme chez l|’imdica les carénules basales du premier
tergite abdominal ne sont écartées que du cinquiéme de la largeur du disque. La
ponctuation du pronotum et des élytres est la méme chez les deux espéces. Mais les
antennes du sardana sont bien plus courtes ; les articles 5 4 7 sont a peine plus
longs que larges, le 8 est trés court et le 10 un peu transverse, alors que chez l’indica
les articles 5 a 7 sont prés de deux fois aussi longs que larges, le 8 nettement plus
long que large, le 10 tronconique et aussi long que large.

Edéage (fig. 60) a capsule basale allongée, avec un raphé médian prolongeant
la fenétre dorsale ; bord distal échancré. Styles écartés, courts, 4 sommet obtus,
portant deux soies: une grande dorsale, une petite latérale interne. Sac interne
avec une longue phanére médiane paraissant terminée par un faisceau de soies.

L’édéage de l’indica est inconnu.

Fics. 59-60. Gen. Reichenbachella Jeann., édéages, face dorsale, x90. Fig. 59. R.
mandibularis sp. n., de Kyankian. Fig. 60. R. savdana sp. n., de Sarda.

Fics. 61-62. Gen. Trissemus Jeann., édéages, face dorsale, x 120. Fig. 61, T. (Trissemel-
lus) cursitans sp. n., de W. Almora. Fig. 62. T. (Trissemites) haldwaniensis sp. n., de
Haldwani distr.

Reichenbachella indica Raffray
R. indica Raffray, 1908, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 52: 207; type: Bugeli (Mus. Paris).
INDE. BomBAy: Bugeli, distr. de Belgaum, une femelle (coll. Raffray).

Reichenbachella mandibularis sp. n.

(fig. 59)

BIRMANIE: Kyankian, deux males (dont le type) (H. G. Champion).

Long. 1,2 mm. Ailé. Testacé rougedtre, lisse, la pubescence fine et trés courte.
Téte médiocre, le lobe frontal excavé, les yeux plus longs que les tempes qui sont
effacées, peu convexes. Mandibules armées, sur leur bord externe, d’une longue
corne un peu incurvée, aussi longue que les trois premiers articles des antennes et
dirigée en dehors et en avant. Antennes longues et robustes, tous les articles jusqu’au
7 nettement plus longs que larges, les 8 et 9 a peine plus longs que larges, le g un

438 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

peu plus épais que le 8; article 10 tronconique et plus long que large, peu renflé,
le rr prés de deux fois aussi long que le 10. Pronotum subglobuleux, a peu prés
lisse. Elytres aussi longs que larges, lisses. Carénules du premier tergite abdominal
écartées du quart de la largeur du disque. Pattes robustes.

La femelle est inconnue. I] est probable que les cornes mandibulaires se montreront
étre un caractére sexuel male, comme chez le R. vosmarus Reitt. du Ghana et de
la Guinée.

Edéage (fig. 59) plus court que celui du sardana, et avec deux raphés dorsaux
au lieu d’un. Styles plus longs, spatulés, sans soies. Deux piéces copulatrices dans
le sac interne.

Gen. TRISSEMUS Jeannel.

Trissemus Jeannel, 1949, type: antennatus Aubé. 1958, Mém. Mus. Zool. 18 : 99.

TABLEAU DES EspitCES DE L’ INDE ET DU PAKISTAN
1. Carénules basales du premier tergite abdominal espacées du quart de la largeur du

disque. Antennes gréles. (Subg. Trissemites Jeann.) ‘ 3
-. Carénules basales du premier tergite espacées du tiers ou de plus du tiers de la
largeur du disque! . 2
2. Antennes épaisses, avec des articles du funicule épaissis chez les males. (Subg.
Trissemus s. str.) ‘ ; 4
-. Antennes gréles, sans articles du funicule épaissis chez les miles. (Subg. Trissemellus
Jeann.) . : . P ; : : ‘ : ‘ ‘ : s 5

Subg. Trissemites Jeann.

3. Téte petite, plus étroite que le pronotum, les yeux plus longs que les tempes. Anten-
nes longues, atteignant la base des élytres. Long. 1,8 4 2 mm.
1. haldwaniensis sp. n.
—. Téte grande, aussi large que le pronotum, les yeux petits, bien plus courts que les
tempes. Antennes courtes, atteignant a peine la base du pronotum. Long. 2 mm.
2. brevicornis sp. n.

Subg. Tvissemus s. str.

4. Tételarge ; pronotum finement et éparsement ponctué. Antennes épaisses, a article
5 épaissi mais subcylindrique chez le male. Long. 2 mm. ‘ 3. Cameroni sp. 0.

Subg. Trissemellus Jeann.
5. Antennes semblables dans les deux sexes, la massue peu épaisse. (Groupe du

champion) ; - . ; ; ‘ ‘ : 7
-. Antennes 4 massue modifiée chez les mAles - 6
6. Massue gréle, le dernier article avec un tubercule sur la. face inférieure chez le
male. (Groupe du distans) 9
~. Massue épaisse, les articles asymétriques, A bords tranchants chez le mile, (Groupe
de l’antilope) . ; : : ? ‘ : ‘ : ; ‘ ; 10

1 C’est par erreur que le tableau des Trissemus du Japon (1958, Mém. Mus., Zool. 18 : 99) assigne des
carénules basales espacées du cinquiéme de la largeur du disque du tergite aux Trissemus s. str. L’écarte-
ment est du quart chez les espéces méditerranéennes, du tiers chez les espéces asiatiques et japonaises.

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 439

Groupe du championi
7. Premier tergite abdominal ce en arriére, ses bords latéraux a peu prés rectilignes.

Grande taille. ; 8
-. Premier tergite abdominal non 1 élargi en arriére, ses bords arqués. Long. I A al é

mm. : , 6. cursitans sp. n.
8. Plus grand. Antennes plus longues. V article 5 trois fois aussi long que large chez le

male. Long.2mm. . . 4. cChampioni sp. n.
-. Plus petit. Antennes moins longues, 1 article 5 seulement deux fois aussi long que

large. Long. 1,8 mm. . ; ; d ‘ ; ‘ . 5. hamutlatus sp. n.

Groupe du distans

g. Délié, les pattes longues. Antennes longues, a article 10 transverse, aussi large
que le 11; celui-ci bien délié. Long. 1,5 mm. 4 ; : . 7. distans sp.

S

Groupe de l’antilope

10. Epais quoique allongé. Antennes du male épaisses, a articles 5 et 6 renflés, le 9
trés plat, le 10 en cupule a bord tranchant, entourant la base du 11. Long. 2 mm.
8. duplicatus sp.

y

Subg. Trissemites Jeannel
Trissemus (Trissemites) haldwaniensis sp. n.

(fig. 62)

INDE. UNITED PRovINCcES. Kumaon: Haldwani distr., nombreux exemplaires
(dont le type) (H. G. Champion) ; W. Almora, un male oedimére de la var. grossipes,
nov. (type) (H. G. Champion).

Long. 1,842 mm. Ailé. Rougedatre, les membres clairs ; pubescence fine et courte.
Allongé mais robuste. Téte petite, allongée, le yeux plus longs que les tempes qui
sont convexes, un peu saillantes; fossettes frontales peu développées. Antennes
longues et fines, le pédicelle allongé, les articles 3 4 7 deux fois aussi longs que larges,
les 8 a 10 un peu plus longs que larges, le 8 petit, le 10 peu €pais ; article 11 elliptique,
moins de deux fois aussi long que le 10 et un peu plus épais. Pronotum et élytres
lisses. Carénules basales du premier tergite abdominal espacées du quart de la
largeur du disque.

Les males sont généralement semblables aux femelles, ne différant que par la
présence d’une dent apicale interne aux tibias intermédiaires. Mais il existe des
males oediméres (var. grossipes, nov.), de taille plus grande (2 mm.), de forme
épaisse, avec les pattes trés épaisses : les fémurs sont trés renflés et les tibias nettement
épaissis. L’édéage de ces males oediméres est semblable a celui des autres.

Edéage (fig. 62) 4 capsule basale membraneuse, quadrangulaire, avec l’orifice
apical rétréci dans une collerette. Styles courts, non convergents, terminés en pointe
dont le bord externe est noiratre. Une paire de grosses dents dans le sac interne.

2. Trissemus (Trissemites) brevicornis sp. n.

KASHMIR: Gulmarg, une femelle (type) (Dr. M. Cameron).
Long. 2 mm. Ailé. Rougeatre luisant, la pubescence courte et fine. Téte grande,
aplanie, aussi large que le pronotum, le lobe frontal large, sans fossette médiane,

440 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

les yeux petits, guére plus longs que la moitié des tempes qui sont effacées mais un
peu anguleuses prés du cou. Antennes courtes, le pédicelle peu allongé, épais, l’article
3 aussi long que le pédicelle mais mince ; articles 4 4 6 a peine plus longs que larges,
les 7 et 8 petits et globuleux, les 9 et 10 transverses, le 11 ovoide, épais. Pronotum
transverse, 4 cétés bien arrondis en avant, le disque trés bombé, lisse, les fossettes
latérales grandes. Elytres aussi longs que larges, épais. Carénules basales du premier
tergite abdominal espacées du quart de la largeur du disque. Pattes gréles, assez
longues.

Maile inconnu.

Bien reconnaissable a la briéveté des antennes.

Figs. 63-66. Gen. Trissemus Jeann., antennes de males. Fig. 63. T. (s. str.) cameront
sp. n., de Deoban. Fig. 64. T. (Trissemellus) championi sp. n., de Nainital. Fig. 65,
T. (Trissemellus) distans sp. n., de Haldwani distr. Fig. 66, T. (Trissemellus) duplicatus
sp. n., de Darjeeling.

Fics. 67-69. Gen. Trissemus Jeann., édéages, x 120. Fig. 67, T. (s. str.) Cameroni sp. n.,
de Deoban. Fig. 68, T. (Tvissemellus) championi sp. n., de Nainital. Fig. 69, T. (Tvisse-
mellus) hamulatus sp. n., de Nainital.

Subg. Trissemus s. str.

3. Trissemus (s. str.) cameroni sp. n.

(figs. 63 et 67)

INDE. PUNJAB ORIENTAL: Parhatti valley, 4 Kulu, alt. 2,500 m. env., 3 exem-
plaires (H. G. Champion). UNITED Provinces. Chakrata distr.; Sainj Khud ;
Khedar Khud, alt. 2,000 m. env.; Patra Khud et Dodora Khud, alt. 2,500 m. env.;
Deoban, Korawa Khud (type), alt. 3,000 m. env., un male (Dr. M. Cameron).

Long. 2 mm. Ailé. Testacé rougedtre, la pubescence trés courte. Robuste. Téte
grande, le lobe frontal étroit, excavé, sans fossette villeuse ; yeux plus courts que
les tempes qui sont peu convexes. Antennes (Text-fig. 63) épaisses, le pédicelle
plus petit que le scape mais pas plus gros que les articles du funicule, les articles
3 a 6 un peu plus longs que larges, les 7 et 8 petits, pas plus longs que larges, les 9

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 441

et 10 courts et transverses, le 11 bien plus épais que le ro. Pronotum transverse,
finement et éparsement ponctué. Elytres amples, lisses. Carénules basales du
premier tergite abdominal écartées du tiers de la largeur du disque. Pattes robustes.

Maile. Article 5 des antennes nettement plus gros que ses voisins, quoique encore
cylindrique ; article 11 deux fois plus grand que chez la femelle. Tibias inter-
médiaires avec une dent apicale interne obtuse.

Edéage (fig. 67) 4a capsule basale membraneuse; les styles grands, effilés,
convergents, terminés par deux pointes contigués et un peu divergentes.

Espéce de méme groupe que l’alienus Sharp, du Japon, et le lindbergi Jeann. de
l’ Afganistan. Chez l’alienus, c’est l'article 6 de |’antenne qui est renflé chez le mle,
chez le lindbergi c’est le 5, comme chez le cameroni ; mais la forme de l'article renflé
est différente, subcylindrique chez le cameroni, subsphérique chez les autres.

Subg. Trissemellus Jeannel

Groupe du championi

4. Trissemus (Trissemellus) championi sp. n.
(figs. 64 et 68)

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: W. Almora, Nainital, alt. 2,500 m. env.,
2 males (dont le type) (H. G. Champion).

Long. 2 mm. Ailé. Rougedatre, la pubescence courte mais dense, surtout sur les
élytres. Téte allongée, plus étroite que le pronotum, le lobe frontal avec une fossette
médiane villeuse, semblable aux fossettes ocellaires ; yeux presque aussi longs que
les tempes qui sont un peu anguleuses. Antennes (fig. 64) longues et fines,
l'article 5 trois fois aussi long que large, les 8, 9 et 10 aussi longs que larges. Pronotum
presque aussi long que large, lisse, les ctés sinués en arriére. Elytres amples, con-
vexes. Carénules du premier tergite abdominal espacées du tiers de la largeur du
disque. Pattes gréles.

Male. Tibias intermédiaires avec une forte dent apicale interne.

Edéage (fig. 68) a capsule basale membraneuse; épaisse, un peu quadrangu-
laire ; styles grands, paralléles, terminés en spatule arrondie. Trois paires de petites
dents dans le sac interne.

5. Trissemus (Trissemellus) hamulatus sp. n.

(fig. 69)

INDE. UNITED PROVINCES. Kumaon: W. Almora, Nainital, alt. 2,500 m. env.,
3 males (dont le type) (H. G. Champion).

Long. 1,8 mm. Ailé. Rougedtre. Trés voisin du championi, mémes caractéres
généraux, mais un peu moins grand. Téte semblable. Antennes fines, un peu plus
courtes, l’article 5 n’est que deux fois plus long que large, les 8 et 9 a peine plus
longs que larges. Pronotum sans sinuosité des cétés. Elytres un peu moins convexes.

442 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Premier tergite abdominal avec le méme écartement des carénules basales, mais
nettement élargi en arriére. Pattes semblables.

Edéage (fig. 69) bien différent de celui du championi. La capsule basale
a la forme d’une urne et les styles, contigus sur la ligne médiane, s’amincissent en
lames étroites qui se recourbent a angle droit en dehors, dans la partie distale. Sac
interne avec deux paires de baguettes.

6. Trissemus (Trissemellus) cursitans sp. n.
(fig. 61)

INDE. UNITED PROVINCES. Kumaon: W. Almora, Nainital, males et femelles
(dont le type) (H. G. Champion) ; Haldwani distr., males et femelles (H. G. Champion);
Chakrata distr.: Kanasar, une femelle (Dr. M. Cameron). PAKISTAN. PAKISTAN
ORIENTAL: Sarda, une femelle (F. W. C.).

Fics. 70-71. Gen. Trissemus Jeann., édéages, x90. Fig. 70, T. (Tvissemellus) duplicatus
sp. n., de Darjeeling. Fig. 71, T. (Tvissemellus) distans sp. n., de Haldwani distr.

Fics. 72-73. Gen. Cienistes Reich. Fig. 72. C. gracilis sp. n., male, de es ae distr.,
X19. Fig. 73, Edéage, x 100.

Long. 1,4 4 1,6 mm. Ailé. Rougeatre, la pubescence trés courte. Aspect des
précédents mais plus petit. Méme caractéres céphaliques, les antennes fines, plus
courtes. Pronotum transverse, lisse. Elytres assez convexes. Premier tergite
abdominal nettement élargi en arriére, les carénules basales espacées de plus du
tiers de la largeur du disque. Pattes gréles.

Maile. Taille toujours plus grande. Antennes plus longues, l’article 5 deux fois
aussi long que large, les 8 et 9 un peu plus longs que larges. Tibias intermédiaires
avec une petite dent apicale interne.

Femelle. Deux sortes de femelles. Les une (Nainital) semblables aux males,
sauf que les tibias intermédiaires sont inermes. Les autres (var. discedens, nov.

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 443

(avec la forme typique a Nainital et seule dans les autres stations)) sont plus petites,
avec les antennes plus courtes, a article 5 a peine plus long que large et les 8 et g
globuleux et 10 transverse.

Edéage (fig. 61) de méme type que celui du championi, mais avec la capsule
basale plus ovale, les styles plus courts, le sac interne avec une seule piéce copulatrice.

Groupe du distans

7. Trissemus (Trissemellus) distans sp. n.
(figs. 65 et 71)

INDE. UNITED PROVINCES. Kumaon: Haldwani distr., un male (type) (H. G.
Champion).

Long. 1,5 mm. Ailé. Brunatre luisant, la pubescence trés fine et courte. Gréle
et délié. Téte aussi large que le pronotum, le lobe frontal avec une petite fossette
villeuse, les yeux aussi longs que les tempes qui sont courtes mais anguleuses. Anten-
nes (fig. 65) gréles, 4 massue déliée et peu épaisse, les articles 3 4 6 deux fois
plus longs que larges, les 7 et 8 petits, subglobuleux, les 9 et 10 transverses. Pronotum
petit, presque aussi long que large, ses cdtés faiblement sinués en arriére, le disque
lisse, trés luisant, les fossettes latérales trés grandes. Elytres amples et convexes.
Carénules basales du premier tergite abdominal écartées de plus du tiers de la largeur
du disque. Pattes trés gréles.

Médle. Dernier article des antennes avec une dent sur la face inférieure. Tibias
intermédiaires avec une dent subapicale interne trés saillante.

Edéage (fig. 71) & capsule basale membraneuse, les styles jsoudés, {représentés
par une lame tronquée. Sac interne avec deux grosses piéces copulatrices.

Par ses caractéres sexuels antennaires, cette espéce rappelle l’obtusus Raffr. de
l'Afrique Orientale, mais n’a aucune parenté avec lui.

Groupe de l’antilope
8. Trissemus (Trissemellus) duplicatus sp. n.
(figs. 66 et 70)

INDE. BENGALE OCCIDENTAL: Darjeeling, un male (type) (Dr. M. Cameron).

Long. 2 mm. Ailé. Rougeatre foncé, la pubescence courte et rare. Allongé,
robuste. Téte grande, arrondie, le lobe frontal avec une fossette trés petite, les
yeux peu saillants, aussi longs que les tempes qui sont réguliérement convexes.
Antennes robustes. Pronotum un peu transverse, trés finement ponctué, les fossettes
latérales petites. Elytres peu bombés. Premier tergite abdominal non élargi en
arriére, ses cOtés arqués, les carénules basales espacées du tiers de la largeur du
disque. Pattes robustes.

Male. Antennes (fig. 66) 4 massue trés épaisse ; articles 5 et 6 plus gros que
7 et 8 qui sont courts et transverses ; article 9 trés transverse, lenticulaire, 4 bord

444 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

tranchant, le 10 en forme de cupule dans laquelle l’article 11 repose par sa partie
inféro-basale qui fait une saillie anguleuse. Tibias intermédiaires avec une forte
dent subapicale.

Edéage (fig. 70) a capsule basale sphérique, les styles larges et contigus 4
la base, atténués et déhiscents dans leur partie distale qui se termine par une tronca-
ture dont l’angle externe se prolonge en épine acérée.

Espéce du méme groupe que l’antilope Raffr. du Japon, l’implicita Raffr. du Tonkin
et de Formose, ainsi que d’autres espéces du Siam, de Borneo et de Manille (1958,
Mém. Mus., Zool. 18 : 103).

Trib. PSELAPHINI Raffray

Gen. TRICHOPSELAPAUS Jeannel

Trichopselaphus Jeannel, 1950, type gibbicollis Raffray. Jeannel, 1959, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge,
sér. in-8°, Zool. 75 : 595

Genre répandu dans 1’Afrique intertropicale, jusqu’ici inconnu de l’Asie, ou
par contre les Pselaphaulax Reitt., a renflement distal de la massue antennaire lisse,
sont assez nombreux.

Trichopselaphus indicus sp. n.

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: Dehra Dun, un male (type) (Dr. M.
Cameron).

Long. 2 mm. Ailé. Testacé rougeatre luisant, presque glabre, sauf q’il existe de
grandes soies dorées sur les cétés du pronotum et des élytres. Robuste, épais. Téte
a lobe frontal large, aussi long que large, canaliculé, avec les bourrelets latéraux
épais ; yeux aussi longs que la partie postoculaire qui est peu 4 peu rétrécie ; front
profondément excavé entre les yeux et en arriére; deux tubercules rétrécissent
l’excavation entre les yeux. Palpes trés longs, le sommet du pédoncule atteignant
le milieu du pronotum, massette 4 funicule plus de deux fois aussi long que le renfle-
ment terminal qui est verruqueux et fissuré. Antennes robustes, le scape 4 peine
plus long que large, le pédicelle court, les articles 3 4 6 a peine plus longs que larges,
la massue nettement de quatre articles, tous allongés et croissant peu a peu de grosseur.
Pronotum un peu plus long que large, ses bosses latérales anguleuses, la base un
peu plus large que le bord antérieur, le disque bombé, lisse, le sillon transverse
profond. Elytres plus longs que larges, aplanis, les épaules effacées, deux fossettes
basales ; bord apical avec une large frange membraneuse surmontée d’un rang de
quelques soies. Plaque tergale 4 peu prés deux fois aussi large que longue, élargie
en arriere, réguliérement convexe et lisse. Pattes robustes, les tibias postérieurs
épaissis dans leur moitié distale.

Edéage oblong, l’orifice apical largement ouvert, avec une grande apophyse
fourchue sur le cété gauche. Deux piéces copulatrices, l’une aigue, l’autre mousse,
celle-ci du cdoté ventral. Pas de styles.

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 445
Gen. PSELAPHIDIUS Jeannel
Pselaphidius Jeannel, 1951, type: filipalpis Reitter. 1957, Rev. fr. d’Ent. 24: 25.

Pselaphidius pilicollis Reitter

P. pilicollis Reitter, 1882, type : Batavia. Jeannel, 1957, loc. cit. 24: 26.

INDE. UNITED PRovINcES. Kumaon: Haldwani distr. (H. G. Champion) ;
Dehra Dun (Dr. M. Cameron). PAKISTAN ORIENTAL: Sarda (F. W. C.).
Connu de Sumatra, du Siam et du Tonkin.

Gen. MENTRAPHUS Sharp

Mentraphus Sharp, 1883, type : pselaphoides Sharp. Jeannel, 1957, Rev. fr. d’Ent. 24: 26.

Mentraphus pselaphoides Sharp
M. pselaphoides Sharp, 1883, Wiener ent. Ztg. 2: 226, type: Mésopotamie.

INDE. BIHAR: Ranchi, 4 exemplaires a la lumiére (W. B. R. Laidlaw).
Espéce de la région méditerranéenne orientale, dont l’aire de répartition s’étend
vers l’est jusqu’au Tonkin.

Gen. TYRAPHUS Sharp

Tyvaphus Sharp, 1874, type : planus Sharp. Jeannel, 1957, Rev. fr. d’Ent. 24: 25.

Tyraphus pilosus Raffray
T. pilosus Raffray, 1891, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 60: 194; type: Tonkin (Mus. Paris).

INDE. Binar: Ranchi, un exemplaire a la lumiére (W. B. R. Laidlaw).
Connu du Tonkin.

Trib. ODONTALGINI Jeannel

Gen. ODONTALGUS Rafiray
Odontalgus Raffray, 1877, type: tuberculatus Raffray (Abyssinie).

Genre bien moins riche en espéces dans la Région Orientale que dans 1’Afrique
intertropicale.

Odontalgus vestitus Schaufuss
O. vestitus L. W. Schaufuss, 1886, type: Sumatra (Mus. Paris).

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: Haldwani distr., nombreux exemplaires
(H. G. Champion).
Espéce connue de Saigon, de Sumatra et de Bornéo,

446 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE
Trib. CTENISTINI Raffray

Gen. CTENISTES Reichenbach
Ctenistes Reichenbach, 1816, type : palpalis Reichenbach. Jeannel, 1952, Rev. fr. d’Ent. 19 : 108.

Ctenistes gracilis sp. n.

(figs. 72 et 73)

INDE. UNITED PRovINcES. Kumaon: Haldwani distr. 2 males (dont le type)
et une femelle (H. G. Champion).

Long. 2mm. Ailé. Voisin du mitis Schaufuss, qui est trés largement répandu dans
toute l’Indo-Malaisie, depuis le Siam jusqu’éa Borneo, mais plus grand et surtout
plus gréle et plus allongé. Front moins élargi en arriére, les yeux aussi grands.
Antennes moins longues que chez le mitis, l’article 9g des antennes du male n’est
que trois fois aussi long que large, et non quatre fois. Pronotum semblable. Elytres
nettement plus longs que larges, alors qu’ils sont aussi longs que larges, avec les
cotés plus arqués chez le mitis. Abdomen plus allongé, plus paralléle. Pattes trés
gréles.

Edéage : fig. 73.

Gen. CTENISTIDIUS Jeannel
Ctenistidius Jeannel, 1957, Rev. fr. d’Ent. 24: 27; type : coomani Jeannel. 1959, loc. cit., 26: 21.

Genre caractérisé par la forme de l’article 10 de l’antenne du male, qui est la
méme que chez les Ctenisomorphus et Ctenisoschema du Sahara.
Les trois espéces connues du genre Ctenistidius se distinguent de la facon suivante.

1. Antennes du male a funicule non contracté, les articles 4 4 7 presque aussi longs que

larges : ‘ ? indicus sp. n.
. Antennes du male a funicule contracté, les articles 4a 7 trés plats . . : 2
2. Massue des antennes du male plus courte, l’article 9 de peu plus long que large, plus
court que la moitié du 10 (Afganistan) . . : ‘ (lindbergi Jeann.)
-. Massue des antennes du male plus gréle et plus longue, l'article 9 deux fois aussi
long que large, aussi long que la moitié du 10 (Tonkin) . . (coomani Jeann.)

Ctenistidius indicus sp. n.

(figs. 74 et 75)

INDE. UNITED PRoviNncES. Kumaon: Haldwani distr., un male (type) a la
lumiére (H. G. Champion).

Long. 2 mm. Ailé. Allongé et gréle. Téte peu longue, le front surélevé entre les
yeux, s’élargissant en arriére, les yeux trés grands Pronotum assez épais, avec trois
gros paquets villeux a la base. Elytres un peu plus longs que larges, aplanis, la
frange membraneuse apicale bien développée Abdomen un peu élargi, les tergites
convexes. Pattes longues et gréles,

Edéage : fig. 75.

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 447

Gen. PORODERUS Sharp
Poroderus Sharp, 1883, type: armatus Sharp (Japon). Jeannel, 1958, Mém. Mus., Zool. 18 : 114.

Genre avec plusieurs espéces au Japon, connu aussi de la région indo-malaise,
au Siam et 4 Sumatra. Une espéce est décrite de l’Inde, le P. indus Raffray de
Travancore.

Poroderus cameroni sp. n.

(figs. 76 et 77)

INDE. UNITED PRovINcEs. Kumaon: Dehra Dun, un mfle (type) (Dr. M.
Cameron) ; Haldwani distr., un male (H. G. Champion).

Fics. 74-75. Gen. Ctenistidius Jeann. Fig. 74. C. indicus sp. n., male, de Haldwani distr.,
x22. Fig. 75, Edéage, x 135.

Fics. 76-77. Gen. Poroderus Sharp. Fig. 76. P. cameroni sp. n., male, de Dehra Dun,
X20. Fig. 77, Edéage, x 135.

Long. 2,4 mm. Ailé. Rougedtre foncé, la pubescence rare. Allongé. Front trés
large, surélevé, élargi en arriére, les yeux trés grands. Palpes maxillaires a pédoncule
sans pénicille, l’intermédiaire plus gros que la massette. Antennes courtes et robustes.
Pronotum convexe. Elytres 4 peu prés aussi longs que larges. Abdomen élargi,
le deuxiéme tergite plus grand que le premier et trés convexe. Pattes longues.

Antennes du male: Scape et pédoncule courts, article 3 4 peine plus long que les
suivants et aussi long que le pédicelle, articles 4 4 7 4 peine plus longs que larges,
la massue nettement formée de quatre articles croissant peu a peu de grandeur,

Edéage (fig. 77) trés volumineux, sans styles,

448 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Assez voisin de l’indus Raffr., de Travancore, mais avec les antennes bien plus
courtes et plus épaisses. Chez l’indus, les articles 3 4 7 sont environ deux fois aussi
longs que larges.

Gen. PORODEROPSIS nov.

Type: championi, sp. n.

Chez les Poroderus le pédoncule palpaire ne porte pas de pénicille et d’autre part
l’édéage est toujours trés volumineux, sans styles ni piéces copulatrices. Le genre
nouveau Poroderopsis différe parce que le pédoncule palpaire est pénicillé et que
l’édéage, de dimension moyenne comme chez les Ctenistes, renferme une piéce
copulatrice.

Fics. 78-81. Gen. Poroderopsis nov. Fig. 78, P. championi sp. n., male, de Haldwani
distr., x 35. Fig. 79, Edéage, x 160. Fig. 80, Antenne droit du male de P. butleri sp. n.,
de Nandidrug. Fig. 81. Edéage du P. butleri, x 160.

Sans doute, le P. mimeticus Sharp, du Japon, placé avec doute dans le genre
Poroderus (Jeannel, 1958, Mém. Mus., Zool. 18 : 116) devra-t-il étre rangé dans le
nouveau genre.

Deux espéces de l’Inde y figurent,

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE — 449
Poroderopsis championi sp. n.

(figs. 78 et 79)

INDE. UNITED PROVINCES. Kumaon: Haldwani distr., 2 males (dont le type),
a la lumiére (H. G. Champion).

Long. 2 mm. Ailé. Rougeatre foncé, la pubescence assez fournie, formée de
poils squameux appliqués. Robuste. Téte courte, le front élargi en arriére, surélevé,
sillonné dans sa partie antérieure, les yeux trés grands. Intermédiaire et massette
palpaires peu volumineux. Antennes longues et gréles. Pronotum bombé, large en
avant. Elytres courts. Abdomen allongé, les tergites peu convexes. Pattes gréles.

Antennes du male : Scape plus long que le pédicelle ; articles 3 et 4 aussi longs
que larges, les 5 a II croissant peu a peu de longueur et d’épaisseur, le 8 toutefois
un peu moins long que le 7.

Edéage: fig. 79.

Poroderopsis butleri sp. n.

(figs. 80 et 81)

INDE. Mysore: Nandidrug, un male (type) (7. V. C., in coll. Butler).

Long. 2,4 mm. Ailé. Rougedatre foncé, la pubescence assez fournie. Plus large
que le précédent. Téte semblable, mais avec les yeux plus grands. Palpes aussi
petits, le pédoncule pénicillé. Antennes trés longues mais épaisses. Pronotum
dolioliforme. Elytres et abdomen relativement larges.

Antennes du male (fig. 80) longues et épaisses. Pédicelle pas plus long que
large, l’article 3 deux fois plus long que lui, plus long que le 4; articles 4 4 6 un
peu plus longs que larges, le 7 de moitié plus long que le 6, le 8 court, pas plus long
que le tiers du 7, les 9, 10 et 11 plus longs que le 7 et plus épais.

Edéage : fig. 81.

Trib. TMESIPHORINI Jeannel
Gen. TMESIPHORUS Leconte

Tmesiphorus Leconte, 1850; type : carinatus Leconte (Amérique du Nord). Jeannel, 1958,
Mém. Mus., Zool. 18: 118.

Les espéces de ce genre sont assez nombreuses dans l’Inde et seront réparties
dans plusieurs groupes.

TABLEAU DES ESPECES DE L’INDE

1. Abdomen avec des carénes sur les trois premiers tergites : trois carénes sur les deux
premiers, une caréne médiane sur le troisitme. (Groupe du clavatus) ;

-. Abdomen avec des carénes sur les deux premiers tergites seulement: trois carénes
sur le premier, deux sur le deuxiéme. (Groupe du brevipennis) . ; . ‘

~. Abdomen avec des carénes sur le premier tergite seulement. (Groupe du sguamosus,
assez nombreux en Malaisie, mais non représenté dans l’Inde). .

450 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Groupe du clavatus

2. Téguments trés densement ponctués sur tout le corps, les tergites ponctués comme le
pronotum ; bosses latérales du pronotum anguleuses. Long. 2,5 mm.

2. andrewesi sp. n.
Téguments ponctués sur la téte et le pronotum, lisses sur les élytres et l’abdomen . 3

3. Plusgrand. Pronotum a bosses latérales saillantes, les cétés sinués en arriére, le disque
aplani. Long. 2,4 mm. : . 1, championi sp. n.

-. Plus petit. Pronotum a bosses latérales plus arrondies; les ‘cbtés a peine sinués, le
disque bossu. Long. 2 mm. (Singapore) . : : . « (clavatus Rafir.)

Groupe du brevipennis

4. Ponctuation de l’avant-corps et des élytres forte et trés serrée. Antennes 4 massue
épaisse. Caréne médiane du premier tergite entiére. Long. 2,4 mm. 3. nitens sp. n.
-. Ponctuation de l’avant-corps moins dense. Antennes & massue peu épaisse. Caréne

médiane du premier tergite en partie effacée . : 5
5. Caréne médiane du premier tergite saillante sur la moitié postérieure, effacke en
avant. Forme plus étroite. Long. 2,5 mm. . : 4. iyeri sp. n.

-. Caréne médiane du premier tergite presque nulle, marquée seulement par une saillie
médiane du bord postérieur. Forme plus large, les bosses latérales du pronotum
plus saillantes. Long. 2,5 mm. ‘ : : ‘ ; . 5. brevipennis sp. n.

Group du clavatus

1. Tmesiphorus championi sp. n.
(figs. 82 a 84)

INDE. PUNJAB ORIENTAL: Gahan, alt. 2,200 m. env., un male (type) (Dr. M.
Cameron). UNITED PRovINcCEs. Kumaon: W. Almora (H. G.*Champion).

Long. 2,4 mm. Brun de poix luisant, presque glabre. Téte médiocre, le front
densement ponctué, le lobe frontal quadrangulaire, profondément excavé; yeux
petits, plus courts que les tempes, l’épine sous-oculaire courte. Antennes épaisses, la
massue trés renflée chez le male (figs. 82 et 83), l’article 10 plus large que ses
deux voisins. Pronotum fortement et peu densement ponctué, les bosses latérales
saillantes, le disque aplani. Elytres courts, éparsement ponctués, d’aspect luisant.
Abdomen lisse et luisant, les deux premiers tergites avec trois carénes, le troisiéme
avec une caréne médiane, tout au moins chez le male. Pattes robustes.

Médle. Massue trés épaisse, l’article 9 court, globuleux, denté en dessous, le 10
trés large, transverse, bidenté en dessous, le 11 ovoide, avec une dent basale en
dessous.

Edéage (fig. 84) a orifice apical encadré par deux cornes divergentes. Deux
piéces copulatrices, la droite trés longue.

Tmesiphorus andrewesi sp. n.
(fig. 86)

INDE. MaprRAS: Nilgiri Hills, une femelle (type) (H. L. Andrewes).
Long. 2,5 mm. Bien différent du précédent par sa forte ponctuation trés dense
et miroitante sur tout le corps. Brun de poix, la pubescence réduite. Téte médiocre.

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 451

Antennes longues et épaisses, 4 massue allongée chez la femelle, l’article 10 bien
plus long et plus épais que le 9. Pronotum trés densement ponctué, a bosses latérales
anguleuses. Elytres a ponctuation plus grossiére que celle du pronotum, mais
aussi dense. Abdomen a ponctuation aussi dense que celle du pronotum. Mémes
carénes que chez les championi et clavatus, et aussi que chez les espéces de |’ Afrique
Orientale, comme collaris Raffr. ou rugicollis Raftr.

Maile inconnu.

Fics. 82-85. Gen. Tmesiphorus lec. Fig. 82, T. championi sp. n., male, de W. Almora,
X22. Fig. 83, Sommet de l’antenne du méme, de profil. Fig. 84, Edéage, face dorsale,
du T. championi sp. n., de W. Almora, x95. Fig. 85, T. nitens sp. n., femelle, des Nilgiri
Hills, x 22.

Groupe du brevipennis

Tmesiphorus nitens sp. n.

(fig. 85)

InDE. MaprAS: Nilgiri Hills, un exemplaire (peut-étre male) en trés mauvais
état (type) (coll. Bryant).

Long. 2,4 mm. Coloration foncée, la pubescence trés réduite. Méme ponctuation
trés serrée et miroitante que chez le précédent, mais bien différent par plusieurs
points. Téte médiocre, les yeux bien moins saillants, plus courts que les tempes,
l’épine sous-oculaire plus courte. Antennes robustes, 4 massue allongée, mais avec
article 9 long, aussi grand que le 10. Pronotum subglobuleux, sans bosses latérales,
trés densement ponctué. Elytres 4 ponctuation plus grosse que celle du pronotum.

452 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Abdomen trés densement ponctué, le premier tergite avec trois carénes entiéres,
le deuxiéme avec deux carénes, sans caréne médiane.

Tmesiphorus iyeri sp. n.

(fig. 87)
INDE. UNITED PROVINCES. Kumaon: Dehra Dun, 2 femelles (dont le type)
(Iyer, in coll. Raffray) ; W. Almora, Kheri forest, 2 femelles (H. G. Champion).
Long. 2,5 mm. Rougeatre luisant. Voisin du précédent, avec la méme ponctuation,
mais avec une pubescence squameuse appliquée trés courte. Etroit et allongé.

Fics. 86-88. Gen Tmesiphorus Lec. Fig. 86, T. andvrewesi sp. n., femelle, de Nilgiri
Hills, x 23. Fig. 87, T. tyevi sp. n., femelle, de Kheri forest, x 23. Fig. 88, T. brevipennis
sp. n., femelle, de Nilgiri Hills.

Téte médiocre, les yeux peu saillants. Antennes a scape court et massue a peine
renflée, les articles 9 et 10 allongés, le 11 ovale, plus épais que le 10. Pronotum a
bosses latérales arrondies, peu saillantes, les cdtés non sinués en arriére, le disque
trés bombé. Elytres courts. Caréne médiane du premier tergite saillante seulement
dans sa moitié postérieure, effacée en avant.

Maile inconnu.

Tmesiphorus brevipennis sp. n.
(fig. 88)

INDE. MaprAs: Nilgiri Hills, plusieurs femelles (dont le type) (H. L. Andrewes
et A. K. Neld Downing).

Long. 2,5 mm. Rougeatre luisant, voisin du précédent, avec la méme ponctuation,
mais de forme générale plus large. Téte semblable. Antennes aussi longues, 4

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 453

scape trés court et massue peu €paisse ; chez la femelle les articles 9 et 10 sont plus
courts, pas plus longs que larges. Pronotum 4 bosses latérales plus saillantes, les
cotés un peu sinués en arriére, le disque aussi hautement bombé. Elytres et abdomen
semblables, sauf qu’il n’existe pas d’autre trace de la caréne médiane qu’un petit
tubercule sur le bord postérieur.

Maile inconnu.

Trib. TYRINI Raffray

Gen. LABOMIMUS Sharp

Labomimus Sharp, 1883; type: reitteri Sharp (Japon). Jeannel, 1958, Mém. Mus., Zool. 18:
120.
TABLEAU DES EsPRCES

I. Pronotum convexe, non caréné sur la ligne médiane, fortement ponctué latéralement,

mais non sur le milieu du disque. Premier tergite abdominal avec deux rudiments

de carénes a4 la base. Long. 3,5 mm. (Japon) . ; . (reitteri Sharp)
-. Pronotum fortement caréné, la carene saillante en arriére au dessus de la fovéole

basale ; ponctuation uniforme. Premier tergite avec deux carénules espacées

de plus du tiers de la largeur du disque. ; ; : ; 2
2. Caréne pronotale double, divisée par un large sillon médian. Articles 9 et 10 des

antennes du male épais, pas plus longs que larges. Long. 3,5 mm. 1. cameroni sp. n.
-. Caréne pronotale simple, quoique avec un fin sillon médian . ; . : ; 3
3. Plus épais, le fin sillon médian du pronotum a peine visible. Elytres amples, moins

longs que larges, a cétés arrondis. Articles 9 et 10 des antennes du male nettement

plus longs que larges. Long. 3,5 mm. . . 2. Championi sp. n.
-. Plus étroit, le sillon médian du pronotum mieux tracé. Elytres aussi longs que larges,

a cétés peu arqués. Article 9 des antennes du male aa = que large, le 10 aussi

long que large. Long. 3,5 mm. , ‘ : . 3. harmandi Raffr.

1. Labomimus cameroni sp. n.

(figs. 91 et 92)

INDE. BENGALE OCCIDENTAL : Darjeeling, male (type) et femelle (Dr. M. Cameron).

Long. 3,5 mm. Testacé rougedtre, la pubescence dorée, courte et couchée, trés
dense sur l’avant-corps et les élytres. Téte allongée, le front large et peu convexe,
arrondi en arriére, les yeux bien plus courts que les tempes, qui sont arrondies et
présentent une tubérosité en dessous des yeux. Antennes longues et épaisses, le
scape quatre fois aussi long que large, le pédicelle et l’article 3 plus longs que larges,
le funicule relativement gréle. Pronotum presque aussi long que large, a base large
et bosses latérales trés petites et peu saillantes, le disque bossu, avec une large
gouttiére médiane entre deux carénes qui s’effacent en avant et en arriére. Elytres
courts, avec deux cétes discales. Abdomen plus large que les élytres, les tergites
largement rebordés, plans, le premier plus grand que le deuxiéme, avec deux petites
carénules basales espacées de plus du tiers de la largeur du disque. Pattes longues
et trés robustes, les épines des trochanters intermédiaires et des fémurs antérieur
et intermédiaires trés aigués.

454 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

Male. Massue antennaire renflée, l'article g aussi long que large, triangulaire,
avec une fosse sur la moitié distale, l’article 10 de méme dimension, mais plus arrondi,
avec une fosse a la base, le 11 ovale, pas plus long et moins épaie que le Io (fig. gr).

Edéage (fig. 92) piriforme, atténué dans sa partie distale qui est bilobée
au dessus de l’orifice apical. Pas de styles.

Fics. 89-92. Gen. Labomimus Sharp. Fig. 89. L. championi sp. n., male, de Haldwani
distr., x20. Fig. 90. Edéage, de trois quarts, x 80. Fig. 91, Sommet de l’antenne du
male de L. cameroni sp. n., de Darjeeling. Fig. 92, Edéage du L. cameroni, face dorsale,
x 80.

2. Labomimus championi sp. n.
(figs. 89 et go)

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon: Haldwani distr., male (type) et femelle
(H. G. Champion).

Long. 3,5 mm. Testacé rougeatre, la pubescence moins dense que chez le précédent.
Téte semblable, les tempes longues et arrondies. Antennes longues, a funicule
bien plus épais que chez le cameroni. Pronotum aussi long que large, arrondi et
large en arriére, les bosses latérales 4 peine saillantes; disque bossu, densement

PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE 455

ponctué, avec un trés fin sillon sur le versant antérieur de la bosse discale. Elytres
courts et amples, avec deux carénes. Abdomen comme chez le cameroni ; pattes
semblables.

Male. Massue antennaire peu tranchée (fig. 89), l’article 9 plus long que
large, non dilaté, sans fosse ; article 10 plus long que large, rectangulaire, avec une
vaste fosse sur sa moitié distale ; article 11 allongé, aussi long et épais que le ro.

Edéage (fig. 90) ovoide, avec la partie distale, au dela de Vorifice apical, en
forme d’apophyse comprimée latéralement. Deux grands styles lamelleux, sans soies.

3. Labomimus harmandi Raffray

L. harmandi Raffray, 1904, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 73 : 382, fig. 110; type: Sikkim (Mus.

Paris).

SIKKIM: Male et femelle (J. Harmand).

Long, 3,4mm. Forme générale trés gréle. Téte courte, avec les tempes relativement
courtes et nettement anguleuses. Antennes longues, a funicule gréle comme chez le
cameront. Pronotum de forme subhexagonale, c’est-a-dire les bosses latérales
saillantes, la base rétrécie ; disque uniformément ponctué, caréné, sa bosse discale
avec un fin sillon étendu sur toute la longueur. Elytres longs, a cétés peu arqués,
étroits aux épaules. Abdomen trés ample.

Mdle. Massue antennaire épaisse, l’article 9 conique, plus long que large, le ro
subcarré, aussi long que large, le 11 aussi long et large que le Io.

Raffray ne signale pas de fosses sur les articles de la massue. Malheureusement,
je n’ai pas pu voir les types, qui sont certainement au Muséum, mais ont été égarés.

Gen. TYRODITES nov.

Type: championi sp. n.

Genre voisin de Tyrodes Raffray (type: histrio Schauf.), mais différent par la
forme des palpes et par celle de l’édéage.

Palpes maxillaires plus longs et plus gréles que ceux des Tyrodes, l’intermédiaire
plus allongé, plus longuement pédonculé, la massette longue et cambrée, son bord
externe concave et son extrémité atténuée; article distal trés court. Chez les
Tyrodes la massette est réguliérement fusiforme et l’article distal, subulé, est presque
aussi long que le tiers de la massette. D’autre part, comme chez les T'yrodes, le
scape antennaire est fortement denté sur sa face externe.

Edéage (Text-figs. 94 et 95) bien plus court que celui des Tyrodes, globuleux,
trés largement cuvert, avec la lame distale trés rétrécie.

Tyrodites championi sp. n.

(fig. 93 a 95)

INDE. UNITED Provinces. Kumaon; W. Almora, un male (type) (H. G. Cham-
pion). BENGALE OCCIDENTAL: Darjeeling, un male (Dr. M. Cameron).
Long. 1,8 mm. Ailé, Testacé rougeatre, la pubescence longue et dense, Allongé

456 PSELAPHIDES (COLEOPTERA) DE L’INDE SEPTENTRIONALE

et délié. Téte petite, le lobe trontal étroit, le front aplani, les yeux plus courts que
les tempes. Antennes assez longues, la massue de trois articles. Pronotum subglobu-
leux. Elytres peu renflés, aussi longs que larges ; deux fossettes basales, la strie discale
présente. Premier tergite abdominal un peu plus grand que le deuxiéme, tous deux
trés développés, largement rebordés et a disque convexe. Pattes gréles.

Male. Scape antennaire denté. Tibias intermédiaires avec une trés petite dent
distale interne.

os tase eo ad
ba \ SI 2S.
penn) Pn te

Figs. 93-95. Gen. Tyrodites nov. Fig. 93, T. championi sp. n., male, de W. Almora,
x24. Fig. 94, Edéage, face dorsale du méme, x110. Fig. 95, Edéage, face dorsale,
d’un exemplaire de Darjeeling, x 110.

Edéage (Text-figs. 94 et 95) globuleux, l’orifice apical trés large, la lame distale
trés rétrécie. Pas de styles. Sac interne avec deux piéces copulatrices, la gauche
mousse, la droite effilée en pointe.

Le male de W. Almora (forme typique) a la lame distale de l’édéage (Text-fig. 94)
terminée en pointe aigué, tandis que chez l’exemplaire de Darjeeling la lame distale
est plus large et bifide (Text-fig. 95). Il ne semble pas qu’il faille voir 14 autre chose
qu’une variation individuelle.

ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME
ZYGAENA SPECIES,
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW
SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES FROM
MOROCCO, LEP., ZYGAENIDAE

Se ee Se A Ae

HUGO REISS
AND

W. GERALD TREMEWAN

ee, Ne er a ee

BULLETIN OF
‘THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. 10
LONDON : 1960

ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA
SPECIES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW
SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES FROM
MOROCCO, LEP., ZYGAENIDAE

BY )
HUGO REISS. , \e by,
wma cr 2
Stuttgart Ko =o

y

AND

W. GERALD TREMEWAN

Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History)

Pp. 457-468 ; Plates 22-25

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 9 No. Io
LONDON: 1960

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s
issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical series.

Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 9, No. 10 of the Entomological
serves.

© Trustees of the British Museum, 1960

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued October, 1960 Price Nine Shillings

ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA
SPECIES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS: OF A NEW
SPECIES AND: SUBSPECIES: PROM
MOROCCO, EEP ZY GAENIDAE

By HUGO REISS & W. GERALD TREMEWAN

WHILE on a visit to England, the senior author (H. R.) brought many types and
cotypes of the genus Zygaena F. from his collection to compare with the types and
other material in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). The
comparison of types has shown that many species, recently treated as subspecies
by continental workers, are indeed good species. Through the course of our work
new synonymy was discovered : this is discussed in detail below.

Subgenus MESEMBRYNUS Hiibner

Zygaena rubricollis Hampson
Zygaena rubricollis Hampson, 1900, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 13 : 224, pl. B, fig. 9.

This species was described from a single female from the Shishi Kuh Valley,
Chitral and is a species distinct from manlia Lederer as stated by Holik & Sheljuzhko
(1954).

Zygaena afghanica Reiss
Zygaena rubricollis ssp. afghanica Reiss, 1940, Ent. Z. 54: 105.

The genitalia of the type 2 of afghanica were examined and compared with those
of rubricollis Hamps. and we consider them to be distinct species. Holik &
Sheljuzhko (1954) stated that afghanica undoubtedly belonged to mana Led. and
have treated it as a subspecies of that species. This is incorrect.

Zygaena manlia Lederer
Zygaena Manlia Lederer, 1869, Horae Soc. ent. ross. 6 : 87, pl. 5, fig. 7.

A female specimen of manlia was examined and the genitalia compared with those
of the types of rubricollis Hamps. and afghanica Reiss. Alberti (1958) considered
rubricollis to be a subspecies of manlia. This is incorrect as we found slight differen-
ces in the genitalia. The specimen of manlia that we examined is from the Zeller
collection and is undoubtedly an authentic specimen and one that we believe Zeller

ENTOM. Q, Io. 348

460 ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA SPECIES

received from Lederer. It has the following data: ‘‘ Zyg. manlia Astrabad Led.
lit. 11/69’.

Regarding hindukuschi Koch, which Alberti (1958) treats as a subspecies of manlia,
we are not prepared tocomment. Holik & Sheljuzhko (1954) regard it as a separate
species, but one that is closely related to manla.

Zygaena smirnovi Christoph
Zygaena smirnovi Christoph, 1884, in Romanoff, Mémoires sur les Lépidoptéres, 1 : 108.

A male cotype from the Christoph collection, labelled “ J Nuchur’’ and a further
male from the Reiss collection labelled ‘‘ Smirnovi 1897 Chr. Askhabad ’’ were
examined. The genitalia of smirnovi differ considerably from those of purpuralis
Briinnich and diaphana Staudinger and we think it better to treat it as a good
species. It is considered to be a good species by Holik & Sheljuzhko (1953) but
Alberti (1958) regards it as a subspecies of purpuralis. His illustrations of the
genitalia of smirnovi do not agree with the genitalia of the cotype that we have
examined, and we think that the specimens he illustrates are a subspecies of
purpuralis.

In the original description of smirnovi, Christoph stated that the species was
found in small numbers, usually at rest on the stems of Eryngium which could
possibly be the foodplant.

Zygaena purpuralis Briinnich ssp. barthai Reiss
Zygaena purpuralis ssp. barthai Reiss, 1929, Int. ent. Z. 23 : 148.

A male and a female, labelled ‘‘ Asia min. c. Anatolia c. Aksehir Sultan Dagh
2200 m. vii. 34. coll. E. Pfeiffer, Miinchen ’’ were dissected and the genitalia show
that barthai is undoubtedly a subspecies of purpuralis.

Zygaena diaphana Staudinger ssp. clavigera Burgeff
Zygaena purpuralis var. clavigera Burgeff, 1914, Mitt. mtinchen. ent. Ges. 5: 44.

The genitalia of a male cotype, labelled “‘ Akbés, Syria’’, ex. coll. Burgeff, were
examined and compared with the genitalia of an original specimen of diaphana
Stdgr. (ex. Zoologisches Museum, Berlin). It was found that clavigera is conspecific
with diaphana ; it should now be treated as a subspecies of that species. Alberti
(1958) separates diaphana Stdgr. as a good species from purpuralis Brinn., with
which we agree. Holik & Sheljuzhko (1953) have kept all the subspecies of diaphana
and purpuralis under one species. However, as there are good differences in the
genitalia of some of the subspecies, which fall naturally into two groups, we feel
justified in separating them into two species. The purpuralis-diaphana complex
is one of the most difficult groups in the genus but we believe that if a complete
knowledge of the biology of the insects were known the problem would be greatly
simplified.

ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA SPECIES 461

Zygaena diaphana Staudinger ssp. chamurli Koch

Zygaena purpuralis ssp. chamurli Koch, 1934, Iris. 48 : 192.

A male labelled ‘““Armenia, Khashkhash-Dagh, Gerdll-Siidabhang. 3200 m. I-10.
7. leg. Kotzsch 1934’, was examined and the genitalia agree with those of diaphana.
According to Koch, the specimens from Khashkhash-Dagh are smaller than the
nominate race from Chamurli Dagh.

Zygaena diaphana Staudinger ssp. martirosensis Koch

Zygaena purpuralis ssp. martirosensis Koch, 1942, Iris. 56: 95.

?

A male cotype labelled “‘ Armenia ross. Martiros, 1800 m. Mai’’ was examined

and the genitalia agree with those of diaphana Stdgr.

Subgenus AGRUMENIA Hiibner
Zygaena afghana Moore

Zygaena afghana Moore, 1858/9, Cat. Lep. East-Indian Mus. 2: 286, pl. 7A, fig. 1.

The type of this species is badly faded, but an examination of the genitalia showed
this species to be distinct from mangeri Burgeff. Compared with this species,
afghana is much paler and with the red of a light carmine or yellowish-pink, according
to fresh material in the British Museum with data as follows: ‘‘ AFGHANISTAN :
Arbarp. 10 miles W. of Kabul. 27.vi.1939. J. L. Chaworth-Musters B.M. 1946:
72.’’ The genitalia of the males of afghana and mangeri are similar but the horns
of the uncus of mangeri are more pointed and rather longer. The female genitalia
have quite good differences. In afghana, the ostium is broad and the ductus
bursae is straight. In mangeri however, the ostium is narrower and the ductus
bursae has a constriction on one side, just below the ostium, and another a third

of the way from the ostium.

Zygaena mangeri Burgeff
Zygaena mangeri Burgeff, 1927, in Bang-Haas, Hor. Macrolep. 1: 55.

As stated above, mangeri is a species distinct from afghana. Alberti (1958)
considered them to be conspecific and had seen the type of afghana in the British
Museum. Apparently however, he had not compared the genitalia of afghana with
those of mangert. Holik & Sheljuzhko (1956) correctly treated them as separate
species. Two cotypes of mangeri, a male and a female from the Reiss collection,
were compared with the type and fresh material of afghana, The data of mangeri
is as follows; ‘‘ Paghman Gbg, Kabul, Afghanistan ”’

462 ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA SPECIES

Zygaena rothschildi Reiss
Zygaena vothschildi Reiss, 1930, Seitz, Suppl. 2 : 22.

This species, which Alberti (1958) suggested might be a subspecies of magiana
Stdgr., is undoubtedly a good species. The genitalia of the type were examined and
found to differ greatly from those of magiana. In rothschildi, the horns of the uncus
are longer and more slender, while in magiana and its ssp. hissariensis Gr.-Gr.,
these horns are short and thick. In vothschildi, the aedoeagus is longer and the
dorsal rasp (lamina dorsalis) is narrower than that in magiana. Holik & Sheljuzhko
(1956) treat vothschildi correctly as a good species.

Zygaena rothschildi Reiss ab. latecincta ab. nov.

¢.27mm. Head, thorax and abdomen black. Thorax with faint trace of scarlet
on the sides of the pronotum. Abdomen with traces of a scarlet belt. Legs
yellowish-brown mixed with black.

Fore wings black; spots 1 and 2 scarlet and confluent, spot 2 edged with pale
yellow. Spots 3, 4 and 5 separate, scarlet in colour and widely ringed with pale
yellow. Spot 6 scarlet, lower half pale yellow. Hind wings scarlet with blue-black
border, wide at the apex and middle of termen, terminating at the tornus. Cilia of
fore wings brown. Cilia of hind wings dark purplish-brown.

Holotype ¢g. “‘ Ulaxs capa 24.vii.g2’’; ‘“‘Mtes Hissar:’’; ‘“‘ R.Yagnob.”’;
“ Coll. Groum-Grschimailo. ’’ ex. Rothschild collection.

The holotype is in the British Museum collections.

This, the second specimen of rvothschildi, differs superficially from the type and we
describe it as an aberration. Whether this form is a true aberration and the type
the normal form we do not know.

Zygaena rothschildi Reiss ssp. nuksanensis Koch
Zygaena nuksanensis Koch, 1937, Ent. Z. 51: 61.

Alberti (1958) and Holik & Sheljuzhko (1956) treated nuksanensis as a good
species, but none of them had seen the type of rothschildi. We were able to compare
a male cotype of nuksanensis from the Reiss collection with the type of rothschildt,
and on comparing the genitalia, we found them to be conspecific. The data of the
nuksanensis is as follows: ‘“‘ Nord-Ost-Hindukush Nuksan-Pass-Nordseite Alpen-
wiesenzone 3500-4000 m. Mitte Juli leg. H. & E. Kotzsch 1936. ”’

Zygaena rothschildi Reiss ssp. andarabensis Koch
Zygaena nuksanensis ssp. andarabensis Koch, 1938, Ent. Z. 51 : 399.

This subspecies was originally described by the author as a subspecies of
nuksanensis. Holik & Sheljuzhko (1956) have also treated it as a subspecies of

ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA SPECIES 463

nuksanensts. We have not been able to examine material of andarabensis, but if it
is conspecific with nuksanensis, it must now be treated as a subspecies of rvothschildi.
Alberti (1958) figures the genitalia of andarabensis and his illustration agrees com-
pletely with the genitalia of the type of vothschildt.

Zygaena excelsa Rothschild
Zygaena marcouna (sic) excelsa Rothschild, 1917, Novit. zool. 24 : 340.

This species was described by Rothschild as a subspecies of marcuna Oberthiir,
but on comparing the genitalia of the type with the genitalia of the lectotype of
marcuna, we found that excelsa is a distinct species. It is however, more closely
related to alluaudi Oberthiir. Differences in the genitalia were found to be constant.
In the aedoeagus of excelsa, the ventral rasp (lamina ventralis) is narrower than that
in marcuna and the spines are longer. In the female genitalia of excelsa, the ostium
is narrower than the ostium in marcuna and the sclerotization extends further down
into the ductus bursae.

The species was described from the Djebel Mekter.

Zygaena alluaudi Oberthiir
Zygaena Alluaudi Oberthiir, 1922, Lép. Comp. 19: 159, pl. 545, figs. 4583, 4584.

This species was placed as a subspecies of excelsa by the senior author (Reiss,
1930), but a comparison of the types has shown that alluaudi is a good species.
In the male genitalia of alluwaudi, the lamina ventralis of the aedoeagus is narrower
with long, heavily sclerotized spines, while in excelsa the lamina ventralis is broader
with shorter spines. The female genitalia of the two species are similar, but the
ostium of alluaudi is rather smaller than the ostium of excelsa.

The species was described from Bou Angher. The specimen figured on the
accompanying plate is designated a lectotype.

Lectotype ¢. ‘‘ Bou Angher 2000 m Alluaud 82’’; ‘‘ Zygaena alluaudi n. sp.”’ ;
“ coll. Ch. Oberthiir. ’’. ex. Rothschild collection.

Zygaena marcuna Oberthiir
Zygaena marcuna, (Stdgr. in litteris) Oberthiir, 1888, Etud. d’Ent. 12: 27.

As shown above, marcuna is distinct from excelsa, and is also a different species
from alluaudi as treated by Alberti (1958).

Oberthiir described marcuna from Lambessa. The specimen figured on the
accompanying plate is designated a lectotype.

Lectotype g. ‘‘ Marcuna Stgr Lambéze Staud. 1887 Marcouna, mimai’’; “ 4/5”’ ;
“ Etud. d’Entom. XIIIe liv’on pl. 7. fig. 58.’’ On the reverse side of the latter
label is a photograph of the specimen “ coll. Ch. Oberthiir. ’’ ex. Rothschild collection,

404 ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA SPECIES

Zygaena orana Duponchel ssp. hajebensis ssp. nov.

Zygaena ovana ssp. media Rothschild, Reiss nec Rothschild, 1930, Seitz, Suppl. 2 : 26.
Zygaena ovana var. rvothschildiana Reiss, 1930, Seitz, Suppl. 2 : 26 (partim).

3. 23 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen black. Antennae black. Legs black
with faint traces of brown.

Fore wings black with bluish-green sheen. Spots clear scarlet, narrowly encircled
with cream. Spot 6 without a cream ring. Hind wings clear scarlet with a fairly
wide blue-black border, widest at apex and middle of termen, becoming narrow along
the inner margin. Underside like the upperside but without the cream rings around
the spots.

9.25 mm. Coloration as in the male, but spots larger and more strongly encircled
with cream ; a trace of cream around spot 6. Legs light brown mixed with black.

Holotype ¢. “El Hajeb, W. slopes of Middle Atlas, Maroc, 17.iv.1929. (E.
Hartert). ’’ ex. Rothschild collection.

Allotype 2 with the same data as the holotype.

Paratypes: 19 g and 3 9 with the same data as the holotype; 1 g and 2 9 “ El
Hajeb, Mittel Atlas, 900-1000 m., 16.4.1929 leg. Ungemach (Museum Paris) ”’ ;
I ¢§ “ Ain Leuh, siidlich El Hajeb, 1600-1700 m., 22.5.1924, leg. Ungemach”’.

Further specimens from E] Hajeb and Ain Leuh are to be found in the Paris
Museum. The holotype, allotype and 20 paratypes are in the British Museum
collection, 6 paratypes are in collection Reiss.

Zygaena youngi Rothschild

Zygaena youngi Rothschild, 1925, Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc. 5 : 338.

Zygaena ovana media Rothschild, 1925, Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc. 5 : 338.

Zygaena ovana var. vothschildiana Reiss, 1930, Seitz, Suppl. 2 : 26 (partim), (new name for media
Roths. [preoccupied].).

The types of youngi and media have been examined and found to be conspecific.
They were both described on the same page, media having been described first.
The name vothschildiana was applied to media Rothschild, which is preoccupied by
media Reiss, but as media Roths. was invalid at the time of publication, then only
youngt can be taken as the valid name.

When the name vothschildiana was published in 1930 (Reiss, 1930), the author
did not have the type of media before him and the specimens he had were indeed
a true subspecies of ovana. This subspecies of ovana, which until now has been
known under the names of media Roths. and rothschildiana Reiss, is undescribed
and we have described it above as new.

Zygaena harterti Rothschild

Zygaena harterti Rothschild, 1925, Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc. 5 : 338.

The genitalia of the types of harterti and youngi have been compared and we con-
sider them to be distinct species, Rothschild described harterti from seven speci-

ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA SPECIES 465

mens taken at Azrou at 1,300 m.; youngi was described from a single male taken
above Azrou at 1,800 m. As stated above all the specimens of media were youngi,
and although taken at a different locality, viz. Lake Sidi Ali and Aghbalu Larbi,
we consider them to be the nominate race. Alberti (1958) considered youngi and
harterti to be conspecific and placed them as subspecies of maroccana Roths. ; with
this we do not agree. The female genitalia of young: and harterti have been compared
with the genitalia of the type of maroccana and found to be different.

Zygaena maroccana Rothschild
Zygaena carniolica maroccana Rothschild, 1917, Novit. zool. 24 : 342.

The genitalia of the type were badly damaged before dissection and only the
ostium and IX sternite remain.

The specimen figured by the senior author as maroccana Roths. (Reiss, 1943)
has been examined and compared with the types of maroccana Roths. and lucasi
Le Charles. It was found to be conspecific with lucasi. It has the following data:
‘““Museum Paris Maroc Dard Goundafi P. Pallary 1914’’. This specimen is in the
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. There are two further specimens
with the same data, one from the Paris Museum, the other from the Reiss collection,
Stuttgart. An examination of the genitalia of these two specimens show that they
are a species distinct from both Jucasi and maroccana ; we describe them below as
new.

Zygaena gundafica sp. nov.
Zygaena maroccana Rothschild, Reiss nec Rothschild, 1943, Z. wien. ent. Ges. 28: 359 (partim).

Q.29mm. Head, thorax and abdomen greenish-black. Antennae black and very
strongly clubbed. Legs brownish-black.

Fore wings dark greenish-black ; spots clear carmine, I and 2 confluent, 3 and
4 confluent. Spot 1 extending along costa and confluent with spot 3; spots 5 and
6 separate. The spots are encircled with narrow whitish rings, except spot 6.
Hind wings clear carmine, with a narrow blue-black border widest at apex and
terminating just before the tornus. Cilia blue-black.

Holotype 2 ‘‘ Museum Paris, Maroc, Dard Goundafi P. Pallary 1914 ’’, in collection
Reiss.

Paratype: 1 female with the same data as the holotype, in Muséum National
d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Z. gundafica is closely related to lucasi Le Charles, but as no males of gundafica
are available, we have been unable to compare the genitalia with that of a male
lucast. A conspicuous character of gundafica is found in the antennae, which are
heavily clubbed ; this character is unusual in the females of the genus Zygaena,
but is commonly found in the males. In genitalia, gundajica differs from Jucasi in
having the ostium very broad and straight ; in /ucasz the ostium is broad but crescent-
shaped. The ostium of maroccana is narrow and slightly curved with the lower

466 ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA SPECIES

portion projecting almost to a point. Z. maroccana differs in superficial characters
in having the red coloration of a scarlet shade whereas in gundafica and lucasi the
red is of a carmine shade.

Subgenus ZYGAENA Fabricius

Zygaena laphira Herrich-Schaffer

Zygaena Laphiva Herrich-Schaffer, 1851, Schmett. Europa, 2, pl. 16, fig. 108.

Zygaena Laphria Herrich-Schaffer, 1852, Schmett. Europa, 6: 44.

Zygaena Ledereri Rebel, 1901, in Staudinger & Rebel’s Cat. Lep., p. 385 (1901), (new name for
laphria H.-.S).

Zygaena cilicica Burgeff, 1926, Mitt. miinchen. ent. Ges. 16:65, (new name for ledereri Rebel
[preoccupied)]).

It is unfortunate that Herrich-Schaffer’s description of 1852 has been given
priority over his figure of 1851 as Rebel proposed Jederert as a new name for laphria
H.-S., because the accepted date for the latter name was 1856. It was understood
that laphria H.-S. was preoccupied by laphria Freyer, 1852. However, as ledereri
Rebel was already preoccupied by ledeveri Rambur, 1858, Burgeff in 1926 proposed
the new name of cilicica. According to the rules of nomenclature, the figure of
laphira H.-S., 1851 is valid, so all subsequent names must be treated as synonyms
as shown above.

Zygaena amanica Reiss

Zygaena amanica Reiss, 1935, Int. ent. Z. 29: 191.
Zygaena ledeveri Rebel, Dziurzynski nec Rebel, 1908, Berl. ent. Z. 53 : 43.
Zygaena cilicica Burgeff, Reiss nec Burgeff, 1930, Seitz, Suppl. 2 : 32, pl. 3 h.

A female specimen of laphiva H.-S. from the Zeller collection has been examined.
Zeller received this specimen from Lederer and we believe it to be an authentic
specimen. It has the following data: ‘‘ Laphira Amasia Led. lit. 11/62’. The
genitalia of this specimen were compared with those of an amanica Reiss cotype ?
with the following data: ‘‘ Syria s. Amanus s. (Diildiil Dagh) Jeschildere vi. 33.
Coll. Pfeiffer Miinchen.’’ Differences were found in the ostium and ductus bursae.
In laphiva, the ostium is narrower than that in amanica. The first portion of the
ductus bursae in laphira is heavily sclerotized and may be described as flat and
triangular in shape but in amanica the ductus bursae is tubular and not quite so
heavily sclerotized. The spines of the signum in amanica are larger than those
of Japhira, and are arranged in groups of from three to six, and also singly. The
spines in laphiva are usually arranged singly or in groups of two or three.

Alberti (1958) places amanica as a subspecies of cilicica Bgff. (laphiva H.-S.)
but because of the slight differences in the female genitalia we consider them to
be distinct, but closely related species. The relationship between amanica and
laphiva is comparable with that of tvifolit Esp. and lonicerae Scheven.

Holik & Sheljuzhko (1957) consider amanica to be synonymous with czlicica
Bgff., and for what we consider to be laphira H.-S., they have used the name laphria

_ a i,

ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA SPECIES 407

Freyer. Freyer described /aphria from a specimen from the Caucasus and we
consider it to be an aberration of achilleae Esper. We cannot see that laphria
Freyer has any connection with either amanica Reiss or laphira H.-S. as neither
of the latter species are found in the Caucasus.

Zygaena filipendulae Linné ssp. ramburii Herrich-Schaffer

Zygaena vamburii Herrich-Schaffer, January 1861, Neue Schmett., p. 32, figs. 161, 162.
Zygaena Ramburi Lederer, May, 1861, Wien. ent. Mschr. 5: 151, pl. 1, fig. ro.

Apparently no-one has noticed before that ramburii H.-S. was published in
January, 1861, four months before ramburi Lederer, the latter name appearing in
May, 1861. Until now, vamburiw H.-S. has been treated as a synonym of vamburi
Led., but now this synonymy must be reversed, and vamburii H.-S. taken as the
valid name.

Zygaena filipendulae Linné ssp. ramburii H.-S. ab. rosa Oberthiir
Zygaena vosa Oberthiir, 1909, Lép. Comp. 3 pl. 22, figs. 106, 107.

We believe Zygaena rosa Oberth. to be an aberration of filipendulae ssp. ramburit
H.-S. and treat it as such. We have examined the syntypes of vosa in the Oberthiir
collection. These specimens were taken at Akbés, Syria. Also in the Oberthiir
collection there is a series of ramburiit H.-S. taken at Akbés by the same collector.

Holik & Sheljuzhko (1958) use the name of rvamburi Led. and treat it as a separate
species while they consider vosa Oberth. to be a subspecies of vamburi. Alberti
(1958) treats vamburi Led. (ramburit H.-S.) under filipendulae Linné. Whether
vamburi H.-S. is a separate species from filipendulae we do not know; we could
find very little difference in the genitalia. However, it is of interest to note that
in the Oberthiir collection there is a series of filipendulae which were also taken at
Akbés, Syria. These specimens, which Oberthiir described as syriaca, were also
taken by the same collector who took the specimens of vamburii H.-S. and rosa
Oberth.

Zygaena filipendulae Linné ssp. mersina Herrich-Schaffer

Zygaena mersina Herrich-Schaffer, January, 1861, Neue Schmett., p. 32, fig. 163.
Zygaena gurda Lederer, May, 1861, Wien ent. Mschr. 5: 152, pl. 1, fig. 9.

The same ruling must be applied to mersina H.-S. and gurda Led. must now fall
as a synonym, having been published four months later. Holik & Sheljuzhko
(1958) treat gurda Led. as a subspecies of ramburi Led. We have been unable to
examine specimens of mersina as there are none in the British Museum. Holik
& Sheljuzhko (1958: 195) mention 17 examples in the Oberthiir collection which
Oberthiir regarded as gurda Led. We have examined these specimens and found
them to be amanica Reiss.

468 ON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME ZYGAENA SPECIES

Zygaena filipendulae Linné ssp. syriaca Oberthiir
Zygaena Syriaca Oberthiir, 1896, Et. d’Ent. 20: 46, pl. 8, figs. 136-138.

Oberthiir considered vamburii H.-S. different from vamburi Led. and, believing
the Herrich-Schaffer name to be later, applied the name syriaca to the species figured
by himself and Herrich-Schaffer. We have examined the type material of syriaca
in the Oberthiir collection and find that it is not the same form as vamburit H.-S.
Holik & Sheljuzhko (1958) regard it as a subspecies of filipendulae with which we
agree.

In conclusion, we would like to thank Mr. P. Viette for the loan of the types of
Zygaena lucast Le Charles and other material in the Muséum National d’ Histoire
Naturelle, Paris. Also our thanks to Dr. V. I. Kuznetsov, Zoological Institute,
Leningrad, for the loan of the cotype of Z. smirnovi Chr.

To Mr. Willi Richter, Stuttgart, we are indebted for the photographs of the
specimens illustrated on Pl. 1, figs. 4, 5, 6, 16, 18, 21, and for photomicrographs of
some of the genitalia. The rest of the specimens were photographed in the photo-
graphic studio of the British Museum. These specimens were enlarged x 2, to
reproduce the specimens natural size on the plates. The photographs taken by
Mr. Richter were rather more than twice natural size, hence the discrepancy in size
of the two figures of Z. smirnovi. The same applies to the figures of Z. mangeri
Beff., Z. gundafica Reiss & Tremewan and Z. amanica Reiss.

REFERENCES

ALBERTI, B. 1958. Uber den stammesgeschichtlichen Aufbau der Gattung Zygaena F. und ihrer
Vorstufen (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 34 (2) : 245-396.

1959. Ibid. 35 (1) : 203-242.
Ho iik, O. & SHELJUZHKO, L. 1953. Uber die Zygaenen-Fauna Osteuropas, Kleinasiens, Irans,
Zentralasiens und Sibiriens. Mitt. miinchen. ent. Ges, 43 : 102-226.

1955. Ibid. 44/45 : 26-158.

1956. Ibid. 46 : 93-239.

1957. Ibid. 47 : 143-185.

1958. Ibid. 48 : 166-285.
Reiss, H. 1930. Zygaenidae, Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 2 : 1-50, Nachtrag (1933) : 249-278.
1943. Die Zygaenen Marokkos, insbesondere die vom Mittelatlas und vom Rifgebirge.
Z. wien. ent. Ges. 28 : 305.

les
FIG.
FIG.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
TG.
Fic.
FIG.
FIa.
Fic.
re:
Fic.
Fic.
HIG:
BiG:
Fic.
Fic.
‘cen
Fic.
Fic.
BiG:
Fic.

BF LO ee

©

PLATE 22

Zygaena vubricollis Hamps., type 9, Chitral.

NNNNNNNNSNNNNNNSNSNANANANA

manlia Led., 2, Astrabad, ex. Zeller coll.

smirnovi Chr., cotype g, Nuchur, Christoph coll.

smirnovi Chr., 3, Askhabad, Reiss coll.

mangeri Bgff., cotype J, Paghman Gbg. Kabul, Reiss coll.

mangeri Bgff., cotype 9, Paghman Gbg. Kabul, Reiss coll.

afghana Moore, 3, Arbarp, Kabul.

afghana Moore, type 9, Afghanistan.

vothschildi Reiss, type 3, Hissar Mountains.

. vothschildi Reiss ab. latecincta Reiss & Tremewan, type 3g, Hissar Mountains.
ovana Dup. ssp. hajebensis Reiss & Tremewan, holotype 4, El Hajeb.
ovana Dup. ssp. hajebensis Reiss & Tremewan, allotype Q, El Hajeb.
youngi Roths., type gj, Azrou.

harterti Roths., type g, Azrou.

maroccana Roths., type 2, Mogador.

gundafica Reiss & Tremewan, type 9, Dard Goundafi, Reiss coll.
lucasit Le Charles, allotype 9, Dodes du Todeah, Maroc, Muséum Paris.
amanica Reiss, cotype g, Diildiil Dagh, Amanus, Reiss coll.

. laphiva H.-S., 9, Amasia, ex. Zeller coll.

. marcuna Oberth., lectotype ¢, Lambéze.

. amanica Reiss, cotype 9, Diildiil Dagh, Amanus, Reiss coll.

. excelsa Roths., type g, Djebel Mekter.

. alluaudi Oberth., lectotype 3, Bou Angher.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 10 PLATE 22

Fia.
Fic.
FIa.
Fic.
HIG.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
HiG:
Bic:
Fia.
Fic.
Hic:
FIG.

et ee we eee

PLATE 23

Zygaena afghana Moore, male genitalia.

. afghana Moore, aedoeagus.

. rvothschildi Reiss, type, male genitalia.
. vothschildi Reiss, type, aedoeagus.
mangeri Bgff., cotype, male genitalia.
. mangeri Bgff., cotype, aedoeagus.
youngi Roths., type, male genitalia.
youngi Roths., type aedoeagus.

. harterti Roths., type, male genitalia.

. harterti Roths., type, aedoeagus.

. smiynovi Chr., male genitalia.

. smirnovi Chr., aedoeagus.

. smirnovi Chr., cotype, male genitalia.
. smirnovi Chr., cotype, aedoeagus.

NMNNMO Te ee

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 10 PLATE 23

PLATE 24

Fic. 1. Zygaena excelsa Roths., type, male genitalia.
Fic. 2. Z. excelsa Roths., type, aedoeagus.

Fic. 3. Z. alluaudi Oberth., lectotype, male genitalia.
Fic. 4. Z. alluaudi Oberth., lectotype, aedoeagus.
Fic. 5. Z. marcuna Oberth., lectotype, male genitalia.
Fic. 6. Z. marcuna Oberth., lectotype, aedoeagus.
Fic. 7. Z. rubricollis Hamps., type, female genitalia.
Fic. 8. Z. rubricollis Hamps., type, ostium.

Fic. 9. Z. manlia Led., female genitalia.

Fic. 10. Z. manlia Led., ostium.

Fic. 11. Z. afghanica Reiss, type, female genitalia (ostium).
Fic. 12. Z. afghana Moore, type, female genitalia.
Fic. 13. Z. afghana Moore, type, ostium.

Fic. 14. Z. afghana Moore, type, signum.

Fic. 15. Z. mangeri Bgff., cotype, female genitalia.
Fic. 16. Z. mangeri Bgff., cotype, bursa and signum.

PLATE 24

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, 10

Fic.
IG:
Fic:
Fie.
Fre:
Fig.
FIG.
Fic.
dau te
Fic,
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
IG:
Big.
Fic.
iG.

SI AAR YD

PLATE 25

Zygaena excelsa Roths., female genitalia.

Z. excelsa Roths., ostium.

alluaudi Oberth., female genitalia.

alluaudi Oberth., ostium.

marcuna Oberth., female genitalia.

marcuna Oberth., ostium.

youngi Roths., female genitalia.

youngi Roths., ostium.

harterti Roths., female genitalia.

. harterti Roths., ostium.

. maroccana Roths., type female, ostium.

. laphiva H.-S., female, ostium and ductus bursae.

. laphiva H.-S., signum.

. amanica Reiss, cotype, female, ostium and ductus bursae.
. amanica Reiss, cotype, signum.

. gundafica Reiss & Tremewan, type female, ostium.
. lucasi Le Charles, allotype female, ostium.

NNNNNNNNNANANNN

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 9, to PLATE 25

abdominalis, Plocamarthrus
abenaba, Schizonycha
abjectus, Tachysphex
abrupta, Schizonycha
abscondita, Schizonycha .
acanthophorus, Crossocerus
adjunctus, Tachysphex .
adustus, Nirmus :
aequatorialis, Afromera .
aestivalis, Siphlonurus
afer, Sphex

affinis, Ecdyurus

affinis, Heptagenia

affinis, Schizonycha
afghana, Zygaena .
afghanica, Zygaena

afra, Cheumatopsyche

africana, Schizonycha
albifilum, Campsurus
albifilum, Palingenia ‘
albisectus, Sphex (Prionyx)
albivitta, Hexagenia -
albocinctus, lore bem
aleuas, Jamides

aleuas alcas, Jamides
aleuas aleuas, Jamides
aleuas allectus, Jamides .
aleuas coelestis, Jamides.
alenas jobiensis, Jamides
aleuas nitidus, Jamides
aleuas pholes, Jamides
aleuas sarmice, Jamides .
aleuas sarsina, Jamides .
alfierii, Miscophus .
algiricum, Centroptilum .
algoensis, Schizonycha
alluaudi, Zygaena .
alpestris, Rhithrogena
alpicola, Epeorus
alpicola, Heptagenia
amabilis, Potamanthellus
amabilis, Rhoenanthus
amanica, Zygaena .
ambigua, Schizonycha
Ammophila

amnicus, Baétis

ampla, Anagenesia
ampla, Palingenia .
anathema, Larra

INDEX TO VOLUME Ix

New taxonomic names are in bold type

425 (fig.), 426
155, 156 (pl. 2)

459

262 (fig.), 264 (fg.),
Be eee 267
250

312, 313 (fig.)
; 315
227

309

238

e320

330, 331 (fig.)
‘ 330
331

329-330

332

330°

331

332

3. *930
246-247

290

115-116

‘ - 463
283, 287 (fig.)
280, 281 (fig.)
282

. 223-226

286, 287 (fig.)

4 314

: : 315
. ‘ 4297

anatis, Pediculus . : : 5 aero
anceps, Campylocia 307 (fig.)
anceps, Metamonius < 270, 271 (fig.)
andrewesi, Tmesiphorus . aac 452 (fig.)

angulata, Hexagenia : 309
annulatus, Baétis . : - : . 286
annulatus, Siphlonurus . : : <) 292
annulifer, Ecdyonurus . . ‘ a 27
annulifer, Palingenia : F ‘. 315

anserinus, Pediculus

Fi 21-23
antennalis, Tribasodites

BAe) 413

apicalis electa, Ammophila : 226
arenaria schulzi, Cerceris ‘ A +. 233
areolatum, Procloéon . 3 A Pee oe
armatus, Siphlonurus. é ; eG:
Arnyllium : a W431
aronii, Ephemerella (Chitonophora). 7 303
aruensis, Jamides . : +2. 323
aruensis aruensis, Jamides A 323
aruensis dinawus, Jamides 32 5, 328 (fig.)

aruensis gloriel, Jamides 5 = 323
aruensis minor, Jamides . 324, 328 (fig.)
aruensis poliamus, Jamides 324, 328 (fig.)

aruensis umbriel, Jamides - 323-324
assimilis, Epeorus . 280, 281 (fig.)
Asymoplectus 405-406
atrata, Liris . ; 237
atratus, Philopterus (Docophorus), ‘sa; 33 (fig.),

34
atrebatinus, Baétis : : . 286
atrum, Liotheum (Laemobothrion) . 53 (fig.),

54 (fig.), 55, 56 (fig.), 57 (fig.), 58

attenuatus, Philopterus (Nirmus) . ee)
auriculata, Adenophlebia 294, 295 (fig.)
auriculata, Leptophlebia : 24 2300
australis, Atalophlebia_ . 3 - «204
australis, Ephemera : : i s. 307
babaulti, Solierella : ; eee yy,
baculus, Philopterus (Lipeurus) 43-44
barda, Schizonycha - 135-136
basalis, Baétis . : : ; z 1-280
basalis, Siphloplecton . : . . 286
Batoxyla : : ‘ : : . 408
Batrisiella. ; ; . ‘ « 425
Batrisodiola . ‘ ; - 414-415
Batrisopachys . : : : . 414
Batristhenes F ; : ; ey ee:
bellus, Baétis : : x , - 345
bellus, Thraulus ‘ : ‘ + 303

bicolor, Isonychia .
bicolor, Palingenia

bifasciata, Astata (Dryudella) .

bifasciculatus, Madrasorites
bifida, Doratopsylla
bifurcatus, Pediculus
biharensis, Batrisiella
bimaculatum, Cloéon
bimaculatum, Procloéon
binotatus, Siphlonurus
bocagii, Baétis
bogamoyana, Schizonycha
bohemani, Schizonycha -
boops (s.s.), Astata
borealis, Heptagenia
borealis, Metretopus
boschimana, Schizonycha
brevipecten, Tachysphex
brevipennis, Tmesiphorus
brevissimus, Leptohyphes
buceratus, Baétis
bugandensis, Euthraulus
bupresticida libyca, Cerceris
burgeoni, Adenophlebia .
butleri, Poroderopsis

cabrerai, Tachysphex
caffra, Schizonycha
calearatus, Caryphomodes
caligatus, Hagenulus
cameroni, Asymoplectus .
cameroni, Labomimus
cameroni, Plocamarthrus
cameroni, Poroderus
camerunense, Pseudocloéon
campbelli, Batrisiella
caradense, Baétis .
ca~adens , Steno-ema
candida, Elass.) curia

cape:.sis, Schizonycha
carbonaria, Schizonycha
Caryphomodes
eaudatus, Asymoplectus
Cephalaxis

Cerceris

championi, Cephalaxis
championi, Labomimus
championi, Plocamarthrus
championi, Poroderopsis .
championi, Tmesiphorus
championi, Tyrodites
chelidonius, Pediculus
chilensis, Atalophebia
chloropodis, Pediculus
cibaria, Caenis

ciliata, Schizonycha
ciliata, Schizonycha

INDEX

274
316
: | 236
415 (fig), 416
i Aa 10
23, 25

428 (fig), 429 (fig.)

«262
292, 293 (fig.)
272, 273 (fig.)

286, 287 (fig.)

.* 156
103-104

. 236

ze 282

286

189-190

uy <) 238
452 (fig.), 453
; 305
288

16352

232-233 ©

350, 351:(fig.)
israel 449

. * 239

I20

41 9-420

300

+ 407
453,454 (fig.)
424 (fig.), 425
447 (fig.); 448

343 (fig.), 344 (fig.)
428 (fig.), 430 (fig.)

288

i 284 .
274, 275 (fig.), 339, 340

(fig.)
“187-189
196-197

. 416-417
407, 408 (fig.)
433

229-234

433 (fig.), 434
454 (fig.); 455
423, 424 (fig.)
448 (fig.), 449
450, 451 (fig.)
455, 456 (fig.)
; Ig, 20
204

14, 15

- 305
146-148

185

citima, Schizonycha 169-170
clypealis, Batristhenes 422 (fig.), 423
elypealis, Schizonycha 144-145
clytia, Cerceris 230, 231 (fig.), 232
coarctatus, Philanthus . : 20
collurionis, Pediculus. ee tae II-I2
colombiae, Ephemera. ‘ ’ - go?
colombiae, Thraulodes . ‘ gon
communis, Philopterus (Docophorus) . a
comosa,'Schizonycha_. . tes ieee
compacta, Schizonycha 150-151
concinna, Palingenia ; : ‘ ston 3IG
concinnum, Cloéon s Fe A «0/292
concinnum, Procloéon . F ; « 292
concinnus, Leptophlebia ‘ : - 300
confinis, Schizonycha I13-I14

consobrina, Schizonycha

SR a
consors, Ephemera 307, 311 (fig.)

conspurcatum, Liotheum (Trinoton) 51-52
constrata, Schizonycha 179-180
consueta, Schizonycha . : ; ii BEES
continens, Schizonycha . 158-159
continua, Hexagenia : Z : - 309
continua, Palingenia ; a.) 320
convexicollis, Asymoplectus 405 (fig.), 406-407
cooperi, -Liris : ; » 5232
copiosa, Cheumatopsyche ots F i 250

coritus, Jamides 327, 328 (fig.)
coritus pseudeuchylas, Jamides 327, 328 (fig.), 329
coritus setekwaensis, Jamides . 328 (fig.), 329

corrosa, Schizonycha 203-205
costai, Tachysphex ; , : fi A238
crassicornis, Nirmus ‘ : : i 30

crassus, Trichodectes

: - 44
crenulatus, Asymoplectus 405 (fig.), 406

crinita, Schizonycha 127-128
eristatus, Coryphomodes . 418-419
Ctenistes ‘ : was (bite 3 - 446
Ctenistidius . : ‘ 2 ie - 446
ctenopus, Miscophus : 246
cucullare, Liotheum (Menopon) 4b; pv (fig.),
50-51

cupulata, Heptagenia . . : . 282
cupulatus, Paegniodes . = . 283
cursitans, Trissemus (Trissemellus) 437 (fig.),
442-443

curtula, Apogonia . 3 : Saye
curtus, Asthenopus 312, 313 (fig.)
curtus, Campsurus . oD ie < RLS
curtus, Euthraulus : F é. «353
cuspidatus, Campsurus . ; : u3t3
cylindroculum, Procloéon 341-342
damarina, Schizonycha . 145-146

dasycnema cuspis, Doratopsylla 363 (fig.), 364,
365 (fig.), 366 (fig.), 367

dasycnema dasycnema, Doratopsylla 359, 360,
361 (fig.), 364 (fig), 366 (fig.), 367

INDEX

dasycnema tiflovi, Doratopsylla ; . 360
debilis, Baétis : : ‘ ; . 288
debilis, Cloéon : ‘ r 3» 2292
debilis, Parsleptophlebia. ; 302
debilis, Procloéon . 292, 293 (fig.), 294
debilis, Schizonycha . 120-122
deceptor, Schizonycha 182-183
decora, Ephemera : - 308
demoulini, Adenophleboides 3 31 (fig.), 352
denisi, Tachysphex ‘ ; . . 239
dentata, Atalophlebia 295, 297 (fig.)
dentata, Leptophlebia_ . : : - 300
dentatum, Cloéon . 340-341
depressifrons, Trisinarthrus " (fig.)
determinatus, Baétus. ; 288
determinatus, Thalerosphyrus . : . 285
diaphana ssp. chamurli, Zygaena_. a) 1408
diaphana ssp. clavigera, Zygaena_. - 460
diaphana ssp. martirosensis, Zygaena - 461
difficillimus, Lindenius . : ‘ 250

digitata, Cheumatopsyche 258 (fig.), 2 59, 261

dilucida, Schizonycha 201-202
diminuta, Caenis . P ‘ Z » 305
diminuta, aig a ee : : 263
Diroptrus. : : - 435
dislocans, Adenophlebia : : - 204
dislocans, Ephemera : : : - 308
disputabilis, Schizonycha : ‘ + £05
dissectus, Oxybelus : : : 250
dissensa, Schizonycha 128-129
dissimilis, Schizonycha 197-198
dissitus, Ameletus : ‘ - s 270
distans, Oniscigaster : $29
distans, Trissemus (Trissemellus) 440 (fig.), 442

(fig), 443

dives melanopus, Ammophila (Eremochares) 226
divulsa, Schizonycha 106-107
djaouak, Ammophila_ . ; = 220
dobbsi, Oligoneuriopsis 276, 277 (fig.)

drewseni, Gastrosericus . 245-246
dubius, Trichodectes 2 45
duplicatus, Trissemus (Trissemellus) _ 440 (fig.),

442 (fig-), 443-444
durbana, Schizonycha . : : 97-98
ebraeus, Philopterus (Lipeurus) : Saati ic
echylas mimetica, Jamides ; 2 eug22
effeta, Schizonycha : - 136-137
egens, Schizonycha , é : » 212
elegans, Schizonycha 124-125
elegantula, Heptagenia . : , += 1282
elegantula, Rhithrogena . . 3 . 283
elongatula, Ephemerella . : : - 304
elongatula, Leptophlebia : : . 300
elongatulus, Crossocerus : 3 249
elongatus, Nirmus . ; : : ae-50
erminea, Ammophila é as A + 226
erythropus, Tachysphex ‘ ; - © 238

euchylas, Jamides . : : : i 3922

Euplectini. : 2 - 404
exacerbans, Schizonycha . : ; . 201
exasperans, Schizonycha . : : ~~. 190
excelsa, Zygaena . ; - 463
excisus, Philopterus (Docophorus) : a
"36 (fig.), 3
exigua, Choroterpes side ste (fig)
exiguus, Choroterpides . : 296
exiguus, Thraulus . we : . 303
eximius, Leptohyphes_. : : 241305
explicatus, Tricorythodes F : - 305
exquisitus, Ameletus : A . 2) 270
exspectans, Ephemera. : : . 308
exspectans, Potamanthus i ; = Be 300
falcatum, Centroptilum . ; : . 348

falcicornis, Philopterus (Goniodes)

- 44
falcifera, Cheumatopsyche 260 (fig.), 263

fallax, Schizonycha 117-118
fartula, Schizonycha 126-127
fasciatus, Bleptus . 278 (fig.)
fasciatus, Hagenulus : : . Us52
fatidica, Schizonycha_ : ‘ - 324
feirana, Schizonycha ; 99-100
feminalis, Baétis . ‘ : ; 30 260
filiformis, Nirmus . : : c at
filiola, Schizonycha : : . 200
filipendulae ssp. mersina, Zygaena : i AOT
filipendulae ssp. ramburii ; ; eee ey)
filipendulae ssp. ramburii ab. rosa, Zygaena 467
filipendulae ssp. syriaca, Zygaena_ . . 468
fimbriata, Schizonycha : 207-209
finitimus, Baétis . , : P . 288
flavescens kittyae, Bembix . é 1230
flavipennis, Sphex . : : : 227
flavum, Centroptilum . ‘ : 31-350
formosus, Gorytes 234-235
formosus, Potamanthodes 306 (fig.)

fornicatus, Nirmus : : : 230
foveola, Batrisiella . 427, 428 (fig.)
fractilinea, Jamides 334 (fig.), 335-336

fraudigera, Schizonycha . 212-213
fraudulenta, Schizonycha : : . 187
friesei, Diodontus . : : : UL 2AG
frontalis, Schizonycha IIlI-I13

frontalis, Tribasodites 413 (fig.), 414

fulicae, Pediculus . : . - 18
fuliginosa, Batoxyla eres
fuliginosus, Stizus . : : : 236
furcifera, Deleatidium . : ; . 296
furcifera, Leptophlebia . : , . 300
furva, Schizonycha : : : > "206
fusca, Baétis ; ‘ . : . 288
fusca, Rhithrogena ; ; : . 284
fuscata, Baétis : : . 288
fuscata, Ephemerella (Drunella) , - 304
gallica, Heptagenia - : i s 282
geilenkeuseri, Schizonycha 3 ; » 490

INDEX

gemellus, Baétis . : : : . 288
geminatum, Cinygma . : : . 298
geminatus, Ironodes . : : 283
geminus, Epeorus . 280, 281 (fig.)
germanica, Rhithrogena . . 284
giganteum, Liotheum (Laemobothrion) Si See
globa, Schizonycha 193-195, pl. I
globator, Schizonycha I4I-143
globifer, Nirmus_ . : : é yivgt
gonaqua, Schizonycha 139-140
gonaquoides, Schizonycha ‘ 3 . 140
gracilicornis, Tachysphex ; - i FRB9
gracilis, Ctenistes 442 (fig.), 446
gracilis, Gyropus . ‘ : : ese
gracilis, Schizonycha I10-111
gracillima, Ammophila . ; + 1° 226
grandis, Ephemerella (Drunella) , - 304
grandissimus, Tachysphex " 3 +7238
gravastellus, Blasturus . . : - 296
gravastellus, Leptophlebia i ; . 300
gregalis, Leptophlebia_ . : ; - 300
gregalis, Paraptophlebia . é . x 902
guichardi, Ammophila_ . ; i 226
gundafica, Zygaena 465-466
hageni, Baétis : : : ; . 288
hageni, Callibaétis . é : ‘ . 290
hageni, Rhithrogena ‘ GN, . 284
haimatosoma, Ammophila ; s +1226

haldwaniensis, Trissemus (Trissemites)
437 (fig.), 440 (fig.), 441

haleuticus, coloburiscus . : 4 Paes 8
hamilcar, Lindenius 4 : *) 250
hamulatus, Trissemus (Trissemellus) 440 (fig.),

441-442
handlirschi, Prosopigastra 242-244

harmandi, Labomimus . 3 ‘ - 455
harterti, Zygaena . 464-465
hastata, Batrisiella 427, 428 (fig.)

hasticeps, Liotheum a simrcti ¢ ea 2
hasticeps, Nirmus . ‘ M sf YS
hebes, Ephemera . : ; : - 308
hebes, Leptophlebia ‘ : - 300
hecuba, Ephemerella (Timpanoga) : - 304
helveticus, Ecdyonurus . ; : EAD
hemilauta, Ammophila . : : «| 226
heydeni, Ammophila ‘ ; - 2226
hilaris, Thraulodes : - : es, 7.
Hingstoniella - ; ; : <uvato
hirundinis, Pediculus : ‘; é . 19
hispanica, Ephemerella . ‘ : ate aI
hologaster, Philopterus (Goniodes) . ee
howickiana, Schizonycha . ‘ . 209
hudsoni, Ephemera : . 308
hudsoni, Ichthybotus ‘ 311, 312 (fig.)
humeralis, Coloburiscus . - : sAvage
humeralis, Coryphomodes : : . 418
humeralis, Palingenia . : ERS

humilis, Calliarcys . 296, 2098 (fig.)

hybrida, Rhithrogena

284, 285 (fig.)

hybrida, Schizonycha 132-133
hypocrita, Atys 170
icterodes, Philopterus sats! cee
ignava, Schizonycha 102
ignota, Baétis . 288
ignota, Isonychia 274, 75 (fig.)
ignota, Palingenia . 316
illustris, Eatonica . 307
illustris, Hexagenia 309
immaculata, Ephemera . 308
imperfectus, Tachysphex 241
inconspicua, Atalophlebia 295
inconspicua, Leptophlebia 301
increta, Schizonycha 109g

indica, Reichenbachella ;
indicus, Ctenistidius

437 (fig. ), 438
446, 447 (fig)

indicus, Trichopselaphus . - 444
inedita, Schizonycha .98-99
inermis, Ephemerella 304
infans, Schizonycha 202
infantilis, Schizonycha 104-105
infarsa, Schizonycha 116-117
inopinatus, Ameletus 270
inops, Schizonycha 108
inornata, Choroterpes 296
inostralis, Schizonycha 180-181
inscita, Schizonycha 192-193
insignis, Ecdyonurus 279
insignis, Heptagenia 282
insuesa, Schizonycha 134
integnum, Cinygma 278
intermedia, Isonychia 274
intermedius, Chirotonetes 270
intermedius, Oniscigaster 271
invaria, Baétes 288
invaria, Ephemerella 304
inverta, Schizonycha 183-184
italicus, Ecdyonurus ~ gag
iyeri, Tmesiphorus . 452 (fig.)
japonica, Ephemera 308
javanica, Anagenesia 314
javanica, Palingenia 316
jejuna, Rhithrogena : . 284
jejunus, Philopterus (Lipeurus) : ee
jordani, Schizonycha 143-144 pl. 1
julliani, Tachysphex : 230
karroo, Fulaspis tines 390 (fg), 391
kochi, Schizonycha 163
kolazyi, Trypoxylon 247
kungu, Caenis 305
Labomimus . 453
lactella, Caenis 305
lacustris, Siphlonurus 272

,

INDEX

laetus, Thraulodes . ; 302, 303
lamellatus, Oxybelus . 250
lanceolatus, Tricorythus . 353. 354 (fig.), 355
languens, Schizonycha . « | TOL
lanii, Pediculus : ‘ , : ‘ 7
laphira, Zygaena . ‘ : . 466

lata, Anagenesia ate, 315 (fig.)
lata, Hingstoniella . 409 (figs.), 410-411
lata, Palingenia . 2 % 356

laticia, Schizonycha 148-149
latipennis, Campsurus_ . 313 (fig.)
latipennis, Palingenia . : : . 316
latus, Trichodectes : : ; Oper
lauta, Habrophlebia : : , . 299
lebidis, Schizonycha ; 1Ig—120
leloupi, Cheumatopsyche 3 a 201
leontodon, Philopterus (Docophorus) <0 635
lepidus, Thraulodes d , 303
lesnei, Cheumatopsyche . : : 257
libycus, Sphex : ; F F pe eeZy
lillii, Deleatidium . 298 (fig.), 299
lineata, Ephemera . ; ‘ : . 308
linnaeanus, Siphlonurus . : ‘ OG
litigiosa, Schizonycha_ _.. : : 189
lituratum, Trinoton F : . ; 52
livada, Schizonycha 168-169
livida, Schizonycha . . 153-154
lividocinctus, Sphex (Prionyx). : e227
lobata, Cheumatopsyche ; . 22203
longicornis, Diodontus . 248-249
longicornis, Trichodectes F ; . 45
longimanus, Iron . : : : = 202
longus, Tricorythus : oat 353
loweae, Centroptilum 345, 3 346 (fig. ), 347, 348,
349 (fig.)

lucida, Lachlania . i 3 , ;: 2290
lacustre, Centroptilum 290, 291 (fig.)
lurida, Glyptoglossa 4 : , Say
luridipennis, Baétis : X , far Zoo
luridipennis, Stenonema . : - . 284
luridus, Philopterus (Lipeurus), 40 (fig.),
41 (fig.), 42-43

lusitanica, Choroterpes . . : . 296
luxuriosus, Tachysphex . : ‘ <5 230

maculata, Cheumatopsyche 258 (fig.), 261

maculatus, Tricorythus . é : 7 353
Madrasorites . ; ‘ ; : - 416
major, Teloganodes : : ‘ E308
manca, Isonychia . , ; ’ nea a
mangeri, Zygaena . ‘ , r 401
manicana, Schizonycha . : : 178-179
manifesta, Heptagenia . ‘ : zoe
manifesta, Rhithrogena . ‘ ; . 284
manlia, Zygaena . : ; , - 459
marcuna, Zygaena . ‘ ‘ ‘ - 463

marginata, Schizonycha . : ; 138-139
maroccana, Zygaena : 5 ; ~ 465

marthae cheops, Stizus_ . : ‘ . 236
massinissa, Ammophila (Podalonia) . * 224;

225 (fig-)
matabelana : 163-164
maxillosus, Sphex . : : é row 74

mediastina, Schizonycha
medium, Centroptilum

- 133-134
348, 349 (fig.)

melanopyga, Tachytes . : : L237,
melanura, Bembix . . ; : ~ 230
melis, Pediculus. : F 52k
memorialis, Leptophlebia : : 5) ZO
memorialis, Paraleptophlebia . : 44302
Mentraphus . : : : ‘ - 445
meracula, Schizonycha . : : IQI-—192
mesoleucum, Liotheum (Menopon) . = . 5.
mesostenus, Ammatomus : : 235
mexicana, Hexagenia. ‘ ; . 309
mexicana, Pseudeatonica : : PPESEZ
mexicanus, Thraulodes . ‘ : . 303
meyeri, Leptophlebia ‘ : 301
microps, Schizonycha IIO-III
milvi, Pediculus. ; ; ‘ 19
mimocontinens, Schizonycha 159, av 5
mimus, Cinygma . : : 278
minax, Ammophila (Podalonia) : 3s 9226
minima, Exeuthyplocia . : ‘ - 355
minima, Schizonycha : : : e205
minor, Anagenesia 3 : : OTs
minor, Palingenia . : F : 227350
minor, Schizonycha : : . 184
minutum, Liotheum (Menopon) : Ro edt

minutus, Philopterus (Nirmus) S - 39
miranda, Palaeopsylla 371,372 (fig.); 373,
374 (fig-), 375 (fig.), 376 (fig.)

mirus, Siphlonurus : : : e275
mollis, Leptophlebia : : : 39 30n
mollis, Paraleptophlebia . : ot. 4.302
monile, Rolaspis 395, 396 (fig.), 397
monilicornis, Diroptrus 435 (fig.), 436
monstratus, Hagenulus . . 300
montanum, Centroptilum 345, 340 (ig), 347 7 (B8:)
montanus, Callibaétis . 290
moricei, Gastrosericus . : ; . 246
mucronatus moricei, Oxybelus ‘ . 250
munda, Hexagenia : : : eee Ba
mustelae, Pediculus : : 3 pod & |
natalensis, Schizonycha . : : = 210
natalica, Schizonycha : > . 206
natata, Ephemera . ; : ; - 308
natata, Palingenia . : . : a» 316
nebulosa, Palingenia : : ‘ + 310
nebulosus, Leptophlebia . ; : + 30L
neglecta, Schizonycha : 160-161
nemophila, Jamides : . e325
nemophila albipatulus, Jamides : 326,
328 (fig.) pl. 21

nemophila eclectus, Jamides 325-326,
328 (fig.)

INDEX

nemophila nemophila, Jamides
nemophila paralectus, Jamides

325, 328, (fig.)
326, 328 (fig.)

nemorale, Centroptilum .

290, 291 (fig.)

nervosa, Choroterpes 296
nervosa, Thraulodes .go3
nervulosa, Habrophlebia 299 (fig.)
neutra, Schizonycha = 320
nigra, Liris 237
nigricans, Liris . 237
nigricornis, Schizonycha . II4—-115
niloticus saharae, Stizus . 236
Nirmus i eo tag
nitens, Tmesiphorus 451 (fig.), 452
nitidior, Tachysphex : : 239
nitidissimum, Liotheum (Physostomum) . 58
nitidus, Iron . ; r 283
nitidus, Ironodes 283
nitidus, Tachysphex 239
nivata, Heptagenia 282
nivata, Rhithrogena 284
niveatus, Sphex (Calosphex) 227
nodicornis, Trisiniotus 420, 42t (fig.)
nodularis, Atalophlebia . 295, 297 (fig.)
nodularis, Leptophlebia . : 301
norvegicus, Metretopus . 286
noscitata, Schizonycha 125
notabile, Centroptilum 350
notata, Ephemerella 354

nubecularis, Baétis

287 (fig.), 289

oblonga, Schizonycha MPO
obscurata, Cheumatopsyche 260 (fig.), 263
occidentalis, Siphlonurus 273
occitanicus, Sphex (Palmodes) 227
occulta, Hexagenia 311
occulta, Palingenia 316

ocellata, Rybaxis

435 (fig.), 436

ocellatus, Philopterus (Docophorus) . asker he
ochraceum, Liotheum (Colpocephalum) . 45
Odontalgus ; 445
odontosoma, Parapiagetia 244
orana ssp. hajebensis, Zygaena 404
oraniensis, Diodontus 247-248
orientalis, Ephemera 308
ornatus, Adenophlebiodes 350, 351 (fig.)
ornatus, Chirotonetes on 1290
ornatus, Nesameletus 270-271
ovampoana, Schizonycha 166-167
ovatula, Schizonycha 211-212
ovisarietus, Pediculus Il

pachys, Salpictomelus

pallidum, Liotheum (Menopon) 46
pallipes, Leptophlebia 301 _
pallipes, Noya 3 ; 276
pallipes, Spaniophlebia . 277
panzeri, Tachysphex 237
papuana, Palingenia 316

433 (fig.), 434-435

papuana, Plethogenesia . 316
par, Cinygma F 278
parilis, Schizonycha 105-106
pauperata, Schizonycha . 213-215
paupercula, Schizonycha IIO-111
pectinatus, Laphyragogus 246
pennulatum, Centroptilum s 290
pentapolitanus, Tachysphex 241-242 (fig.)
perforata, Schizonycha 185-186
peringueyi, Schizonycha . a7 ee
perkinsi, Cloéon 341, 349 (fig.)
Peroderopsis . ; - 448
perplexabilis, Schizonycha 199-200
perpusilla, Caenis . +. 8305
perscitus, Ameletopsis 270
perscitus, Ameletus «| 270
phanerostigmaton, Liotheum (Menopon) 76s
Philanthus 229
Philiopsis 404
piagetioides, Parapiagetia ve 245 (fig.)
piceonigra, Schizonycha . . I51-152
pici, Pediculus : 7-9
picteti, Choroterpes 296
pictiventris, Ephemera 308
pictus, Baétis : 289
pictus, Callibaétis . 290
pilicollis, Pselaphidius 445
pilosus, Tyraphus . 445

planiceps, Plocamarthrus

platyrhynchus, Philopterus giver: eres

pulchrum, Centroptilum .
puloensis, Jamides .

425 (fig.), 426

plausibilis, Schizonycha . 160
Plocamarthrus 423
plutonis, Cheumatopsyche 263
poéyi, Centroptilum . 290
Poroderopsis. 448-449
Poroderus . - 447
praepedita, Leptophlebia 301
praepedita, Paraleptophlebia . 302
primanus, Thraulus 303
primanus, Traverella +1603
profuga, Schizonycha 167-168
prognes, Pediculus 220 20
Proterini 431-432
proterva, Batrisiella 430 (fig.), 431
pruinosus, Sphex . 227
Pselaphidius . 445
pselaphoides, Mentraphus - 445
pseudosquamifera, Schizonycha 152-153
psi, Epeorus . : ; 282
pterocephalus, Nirmus 31
‘pubescens, Stizus aa
puerilis, Schizonycha 134-135
pulchella, Cerceris . 230
pulcherrima, Ephemera . 308

290, 291 (fig.)

333-334 (fig.), 335

punctatissima africana, Prosopigastra @ae
puncticollis, Schizonycha 164-166
purpuralis, Zygaena 460

INDEX

quadraticollis, Ammophila ; - 226
quadricincta, Cerceris . ; : s “233
quadridentatus, Campsurus.. ; - gi4
quadrisignatus lugubris, Gorytes : » 235
quaesita, Schizonycha 149-150
quaesitor, Ecdyonurus 279-280
Reichenbachella_. : ‘ + - 436
remensa, Ephemera : : $ - 309
remota, Baétis . ‘ é F . 289
remota, Palingenia : ; : a 916
remotus, Coloburiscus_ . 274
thodesiae, Procloéon 342, 343 (ig), 344, 349 (fig.)
rivulorum, Caenis . : ; . 305
rhodesiana, Schizonycha 177-178
robusta, Anagenesia : : : a G3I4
robusta, Caenis : : : ; - 305
robusta, Palingenia : ; 3 - 316
rothschildi, Zygaena ; . 462
rothschildi ssp. andarabensis, Zygaena 462-463
rothschildi ab. latecincta, Zygaena . . 462
rothschildi, ssp. nuksanensis, Zygaena . 462
rotunda, Schyzonycha 140-141
rubricollis, Zygaena ; : : - 459
ruficornis, Stizus : 235-236
rufina, Schizonycha ; 175-176
tufivenosa, Leptophlebia : ; - 301
rufivenosa, Paraleptophlebia . : . 302
rugosa, Schizonycha ‘ 122-123
turigena, Schizonycha . : = s 215
russula, Schizonycha : 209-210
rutila, Cerceris ; . : . 283
rutilus, Philanthus : - . 4229
sabulosa algirica, Cerceris : : 229
saga, Schizonycha . ; 198-199
saginata, Schizonycha . F ; 96-97
salaama, Schizonycha . ; ' - 155
salisburiana, aa eal d 170-171
Salpictomelus : é : - 434
salvini, Baétis ; F 2 : . 289
salviniae, Homoeoneuria : : <5 276
sardana, Reichenbachella . 436, 437 (fig.)
saundersi, Palarus ; é ‘ « 246
scabiosa, Schizonycha ; 161-163
scalaris, Trichodectes . : f ; 45
scambus, Baétis . r : ‘ . 289
Sceliphron. P é : j - 229
Schizonycha . : 65-216
schmiedeknechti, Tachysphex . F : ese
scita, Atalophlebia - 295, 297 (fig.)
scita, Baétis . ‘ ; . : . 289
scitulum, Cloéon . = Sat
scolopacis phaeopodis, Pediculus I 15, 16 (fig.),
17, 18

scotti, Hagenulus . ” . : - 300

scutatum, Trypoxylon . : ‘ - 247

serica, Ephemera 309, 310 (fig.)
sericeus, Miscophus ‘ : : «246
setosus, Pediculus . : : ~ 25
sibirica, Chankagenesia . 314, 315 5 (fs. )
sibirica, Palingenia : ‘ 316
simile, Cloéon ‘ 6 : - - 292
simplex, Entyposis : : : . 92
simulans, Ephemera : : ; - 309
sinense, Caenis ; : : : > 305
sinense, Cloéon : : . ; E202
sirius, Miscophus_ . : ‘ : 2A
smaeleni, Procloéon : ; = (344
smirnovi, Zygaena . 460

soricis rosickyi, Palaeopsylla 380 (fig.), 382, 383
ad mines (fig.), 384 (fig.), 385
soricis soricis, Palaeopsylla 378 (figs.), 379, 380—
- 381, 383 (fig.), 384 (fig.)
Ssoricis starki, Palaeopsylla 381 (fig.), 383 (fig.),
384 (fig.), 385

speciosus, Rhoenanthus . F ; - 306
spectabilis, Compsoneuria ; : 1. 278
spectabilis, Schizonycha . : 171-172
sphaerocephalus, Pediculus. ; = 25
sphaerocephalus, Trichodectes : en -45
Sphex . : - 227-229
spinipectus teterrima, Cerceris : 2 $234
spinolica spinipectus, Cerceris . ; te 236
spuria, Schizonycha z : Bey:
squalidus, Philopterus (Lipeurus) : ri 43
squamifera, Schizonycha 7 : 2 195
squamosetosa, Schizonycha 107-108
stenopteryx, Centroptilum 291 (fig.)
stevensi, Arnyllium 431, 432 (fig.), 433 (fig.)
straminea, Schizonycha . - 176-177
stramineum, Liotheum (Menopon) 46 (fig.), 47

(fig.), 48
strandii, Leptophlebia_ . : : Sees
strandii, Paraleptophlebia : : = 302
stricklandi, Howardia 391, 392 (fig.), 393
strigata, Deleatidium . , : <! 299
strigata, Ephemera 309, 310 (fig.)
strigata, Leptophlebia_ . L302
stylifer, Philopterus (Goniodes) : eer v
subnotatus, Ameletus.. : : 7 270
subrostratus, Trichodectes : : fee? vl
subspinosus, Oxybelus. . . : . 250
sudanense, Centroptilum ; - 350
sulcicollis, Philiopsis : 404, 405 (fig.)
sulphureum, Liotheum (Physostomum) . 58

syrinx, Rolaspis 397, 398 (fig.), 399

tabularis, Aprionyx : : ° » 294
tagiurae, Miscophus : ‘ 5 - 246
tantali, Pediculus . F : . : Io

tapkyi, Lepidosaphes 393, 394 (fig.), 395

taprobanes, Atalophlebia 295 (fig.), 296
taprobanes, Baétis ‘ : . 289
targionii, Sceliphron (Chalybion) : <, 3220

INDEX
tarsalis, Atopopus . 277, 278 (fig.) urogalli, Pediculus . : 18, 19
tauri, Pediculus ' Pe usambarae, Schizonycha 156-158, pl. 2
temporalis, Coryphomodes 417-418
temporalis, Philopterus eae 43
2 eee 289 vaalensis, Schizonycha . . . . 207
pics mags 314 vaciva, Leptophlebia _.. 4 : . 302
CREES). KRORE Te 316 vaciva, Paraleptophlebia : ’ . 302
tesselata, Bastis 289 vagelli, Pediculus. . . . . aM
tessellatum, Stenonema . 284 valida, Schizonycha 172-174
tetragonocephalus, Nirmus 30 valvata, Schizonycha 123-124
thomasseti, Cheumatopsyche 260 (fig.), 263, 265, vanalli. Pedicolis 5
266 (fig.) varia, E hemera ,
tibialis, Batrisiella . 428, (fig). 429.8.) —“pariahilis, Heaegenins © | acces See
vee a bars. 413 (fig.), 414 variegatus ecoronatus, Philanthus. . . 229
ae mas papal dy Oe be 353 venusta, Hexagenia ¥ r : Pan fs
tipuliformis, Dipteromimus 270 wennutulue: Bastin 289
Tmesiphorus . : - 449 : . el a j
: versicolor, Atalophlebia . 296, 297 (fig.)
earns a 281 (8g.), a versicolor, Philopterus (Lipeurus) . i
nee dun ss fee h 3 43 versicolor, Thraulus : : R s 308
torxidus ee yrus a8 versicolor, Traverella . ; - - 303
trailiae, Spaniophlebia 277 vestitus, Odontalgus f
transvaalica, Schizonycha . 100-101 aa asi taical RE ta te } - ae
transversicollis, Batrisodiola 415 (fig.), 416 Laas Pear P Sei sithe alad, wes ob Bris
triangularis, Cheumatopsyche . 257, 258 (fig.) hlinds eR Check seen ; t ; a
triangulum abdelakader, Philanthus + 220 Bakr ena Sphex (Prionyx) ‘ : ee? pe
LS eres h . : att villosa, Schizonycha ; 118-1 19
PSE apres tate 444 viridiscens, Hexagenia . ° 2 «Ea
tricolor, Astata (Dryudella) «eee viridescens, Palingenia +f
trifida, Cheumatopsyche 257-259 sieht ovine . ; ’ : : 8
trigonocephatus, acon * sea vitrea, Palingenia are
trimeniana, ee 275 (fig.), 340 volitans, Heptagenia ae
trimeniana, Oligoneuria . ; 290 ; : ’ ‘ : ;
tringae, Pediculus . re vryburgensis, Schizonycha 174-175
Trisinarthrus 420
Trisiniotus . 20
truncatus, Nirmus . Me wakefieldi, Oniscigaster . 271 (fig.), 272
tumida, Schizonycha 74 walkeri, Ephemerella spetsinics : - 304
tumida, Schizonycha ; 126 waltlii, Gastrosericus : : s0 SAR
tydei, Ammophila (Podalonia) 223-224 windhoekensis, Schizonycha 137, 138
typicus, Siphlonurus ; 274
Tyraphus : 445
Tyrodites 455 yarrowi, Tachysphex adhe (fig.), 241
youngi, Zygaena . = : - 46 4
ugandanus, Afronurus . 340
umbratilis, Habrophlebia 299 (fig.), 3 zambeziana, Schizonycha : : . 153
unicolor, Schizonycha 129-1 a zelleri, Ecdyonurus » - : . 280
upupae, Pediculus . 12, 13 (fig.), I zorah, Parapiagetia E : : . |) 2ae

.<
taal

+

eee

“ PT : ~~
Se ee

efete

+

,
4)

or ieee area Rin eka hen ae Pe ee ee Re
our =s he Se ES
‘ poseeee as mers
atte ete
3 x >
=: 338; sapeeae
totiey Siete Ports
“J rene 4 i
. <> “ons hs... ss arora se
nr} <r aoe *
sth eres ey tee Sets
Seore ae: ot, sraete ES
pore, soe See enters t pate:
triste =< =*
sotsealets
Serteerests
Teese Spek
pe peg aieTaies ay
> - vies tpt asics eS Tacs
ye saree chy SSeS SfapareTetei=
create ty 7. .
3I3t
AS 3 oe ooo
St
+t,
pat.
rs: >
3 sper ee ee
h duane ¥

pies s= sore
eli ote eS SS eS

<=
Ser oe Saree r ae
Set siot ote st eee

Peeedteteiciae sleet sete

Pot rr
Sores St {Sees py ets

tet
=

aoeriperstses

Siieles
tepenes a. :

- pitsrcbesgies
Hh
partite Sete

Sissete
Soetase?
se8

Pelee yet

Rares

3
sisicas

Byatt 7
aleterdo sts
apices
fegsecstarss
seretst

=p—a~ see

pa

os-3 An
os 33
Saat 3 t
$39 35 ir
== a
=
3

333
‘?

i : f

a3 $5 Siaasel re ty> as

ih HE tH ait biz3

Bes i se] are

fat 335 ed Deareties
eebet i aH
ith H BH
ain Li tg
t+ 7 ase!

ites ; ¥