XR V,a>^ THE BULLETIN or TBB AORONOMY DIVISION INORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RALEIGH Vol. 33, No. 1. JANUARY, 1912. Whole No. 163. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOIL TYPE ON THE PLANT VARIETY" BY J. L. BURGESS Parts I and II. PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-office at Raloigh, N. C. as second-class matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter Fairfield _ First District. K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District, R. L. WooDARD- Pamlico Third District. I. H. Kearnet - Franklinton Fourth District. R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McCallum -.- Red Springs Sixth District. J. P. McRae... -Laurinburg Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District. W. J. Shuford Hickory Ninth District. A. Cannon. Horse Shoe.. _ Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. VV. A. GRAHAM Commissioner. ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. Pescud Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn Bulletin Clerk. B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. PiCKF.L Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood .....Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. BniXKLEY... Assistant Chemist. E. L. Worthen Soil Investigations. •W. E. Hearn Soil Survey. W. H. Strowd Assistant Chemist. J. Q. .Iackson Assistant Chemist. E. W. Thornton Assistant Chemist. J. K. Plummer Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch - Clerk. F. S. PuCKETT Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY ^...Curator of Museum. T. VV. Adickes Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN. Jr .Entomologist. Z. P. Metcalf .Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN Veterinarian. B. B. Flowe - Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. Eaton Dairyman. L. A. HiGGiNS - Assistant Dairyman. R. VV. Grabber Assistant Dairyman. VV. N. HUTT Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist. 0. M. Clark Second Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER..- ..Director of Farmers' Institutes and Demonstration. J. M. Grav - - : Second Assistant Demonstrator. W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist. W..A. S.MITH Assistant Pure Food Chemist. — '- Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN Botanist. Miss Susan D. Allen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS - Agronomist. G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist. R. VV. Scott, Jr., .Assistant Director, Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director, Iredell Test Farm, StatesviUe, N. C. John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director, Pender Test Farm. VVillard, N. C. R. W. Collett, Assistant Director, Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. 'Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. Raleigh, January 17, 1912. Sir: — I have the honor to submit herewith a manuscript covering a study of the relations between the plant and the soil type out of which it grows. It is hoped that this paper will suggest reasons for a more careful study of the different soil types of our State and point to the value and wisdom of the work that has been done and is at present being done, by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture in mapping and analyzing the different soils as they are found in our different physiographic section. I recommend the publication of this manuscript as the January bulletin of this Department. Respectfully submitted, J. L. BUROESS, Agronomist. Hon. W. a. Grahaai, Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR DECEMBER, 1911. Pounds sold for producers, first hand 13,656,005 Pounds sold for dealers 412,214 Pounds resold for wareliouses 697,744 14,765,96a THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOIL TYPE ON THE PLANT VARIETY. By J. L. BuEGEss. Part I. THE PLANT ENVIRONMENT, Environment of any plant is composed of but two elements, namely: Climate, or the combined effect of light, heat, air, moisture, etc., into which the stalk rises and the leaf spreads ; and Soil, or the medium into which the plant sends its roots in quest of food and drink. SOIL TYPE. In general, what the farmer terms "a kind of land" is technically known as a type of soil, possessing distinct characteristics as regards crop production. The soil type has, as a whole, definite texture, struc- ture, color, origin, depth of soil and subsoil, topographic and drainage features, organic and mineral composition, native vegetation, and natural productiveness. It may be said that any factor which materially influ- ences crop production on a given soil type in a given locality may be considered an element serving to differentiate between the given soil type and another in a distant locality, otherwise identical with the first, but not influenced by the same factor in the same degree. The number of distinct soil types that have been recognized in differ- ent parts of the country is very great. Variations in any of the above characteristics may necessitate the establishment or recognition of a new type. For example, allowing texture, which deals with the size of the soil particles, to remain unchanged, variations in one or more of the other characteristics have enabled the United States Bureau of Soils to name over fifty types of clay soil; upwards of sixty different silt loam soils; more than 164 sandy loam soils, etc., each type differing from the others in some one or more essential qualities. Every farm has one or more types of soil on it. Most farmers recog- nize this and, in general, soils are differentiated into types according as the best farmers perceive them to have different crop values. On close examination, however, most farms will reveal more types than their owners have suspected to exist. The United States Bureau of Soils has recognized and mapped upwards of 400 types of soil in the United States and the number goes on increasing as the subjects of soil classifi- cation and crop adaptation are studied more and more carefully. ADAPTATION TO ENVIRONMENT. Much has been done in this and other countries to discover- the en- vironmental conditions of both plant and animal life best suited to the fullest interaction of all parts of the organism. 6 The Bulletin. The environmental conditions of plant life have generally been de- fined as climatic, geographical and physiographical location, and con- ditions of food supply. Climate has hiiJierto been stressed more than any other factor in plant production. And while no one will assert that climate is not the controlling factor in the latitudinal and altitudinal distribution of plants, yet, in the same latitude, where climate is uniform, except over small areas of different elevation, this factor can not be said to account for the wide differences observed in the character and development of the different varieties of the same species of plant; and while we would not care to minimize the very important place occupied by climate in the production of crops, still, snice this factor has been so generally empha- sized by leading scientists and experimenters in the field of agriculture, we may be excused for calling attention more particularly in this paper to the influence exerted by the type of soil in which the plant is forced to grow. The soil has, indeed, always received a passing consideration as a factor associated with the food supply of plants, but we hope to show in the following pages that soil, or soil type, plays a vastly more important part in plant production than has hitherto been accorded it. ADAPTATIONS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED. When the plant is confined in a new environment it either dies or so readjusts its physical structure as to become gradually adapted to the new conditions surrounding it. The plant organism responds to every touch of environment. There are certain broad adaptations of plants to soil environments that are recognized by every man possessed of a fair knowledge of agronomy. In the great wheat and corn sections of the central west a heavy clayey loam, occurring in what is technically known as the Miami series of soil, is admitted to be best suited to the former, while a silty loam, belonging to the Marshall series, is best adapted to the latter cereal. For early truck any experienced gardener will select a light sandy soil for outdoor culture. Every experienced grower knows that the alfalfa plant, regardless of climate, requires a large percentage of lime in the soil — a calcareous soil — to make its best yield. ISTot only do the above named conspicuous and rather well defined adaptations of plants to peculiar soil environments exist, but on close ex- amination we shall find that plants have adapted themselves to every physical environment in which it is possible for them to exist, or, as Bailey has put it, "Every physical environment produces adaptive changes in plants." This theory of adaptation of the plant to the environment has engaged the serious thought not only of leading agriculturists but of leading biologists as well, and the only defense of this paper is that too little attention has been given the part played by the soil type per se in the many observed adaptations. This thought could hardly have been more strongly or fittingly expressed than by Hilgard when he said: "Under given climatic conditions every distinct soil type bears a charac- teristic vegetation." He further states that the natural vegetation of any area represents the best adaptation of plants to soils in the results The Bulletin. 7 of the long period of the struggle for existence between competing species. In other words, under given climatic conditions, the species make the best development that are best adapted to the soil in which they grow. Scientists have recently concluded some experiments and made some discoveries that throw great light on the subject under discussion and go far in the confirmation of what they have believed to be true for over a half a century, but have hitherto lacked experimental data sufficient tc justify them in drawing general conclusions. Much of our most valuable information on this subject has come from our own and foreign agricultural experiment stations, and no small pari from various botanical laboratories. These scientists have arrived ai extremely interesting conclusions relative to the adaptation of plants tc soil environments, but have been put at great disadvantage in being unable to make practical use of many of their discoveries. To illustrate : The discoverer may say his variety does best on a clay soil. We pointed above that we have already found over fifty types of clay soil. To which one of these is his variety adapted? He may say his varietv makes its best development on a sandy loam soil, but we have about a hundred and forty or fifty difi"erent types of sandy loam soils. To which one of these is his variety adapted? Most frequently we find the new variety best suited to a loam, but we have seventy-five or more distinct loams. You thus see that the amount of good the agricultural scientists, especially the agronomists, can confer on the public bears a direct ratio to the amount of his knowledge of the location, extent, and general characteristics of the type of soil with which he is dealing. His discovery is of interest only to science and too often has nothing of value to the practical plant grower. !N'ot only so, but the seedsmen are likely to get hold of his plant novelties and scatter them all over the country, thus doing an injustice to the man who desires help. Returning briefly to the work of our experiment stations and others, the Kansas Experiment Station found two native grown varieties of corn (not the highly selected seed) to be often more hardy, better producers, and better adapted to the soil of the station (Oswego silt loam) than even the best and purest improved varieties. In this experiment the director of the station concludes, "There is no question but that there is a great difference in varieties of corn in their adaptation to different soils and climates." In its experiments with oats this station concludes : "The strain of red Texas oats which has given the largest yield for the last two seasons, '05-'06, has been grown at the station for four years and has seemed to improve rather than deteriorate in quality and yield." This shows some of the possibilities of a plant that has perfect correspondence with its environment or is perfectly adapted to the soil and climate in which it grows. The Indiana Experiment Station finds after testing a number of varieties of wheat that "standard varieties have maintained their yield and quality on the same soil for fifteen years and most of the new varieties have, as a rule, failed to do so well as the standard varieties which have long been grown here." 8 The Bulletin. In his admirable work at the Minnesota Station Professor Hayes found that it was best to obtain beets adapted to the various local condi- tions, and that the seed could best be bred under conditions similar to those where the crops were to be grown. That Mr. Hayes appreciated the influence of soil type on the plant is shown in his statement that ''Special varieties are needed in many localities where peculiar soils exist." Speaking with particular reference to Minnesota he was con- vinced that Minnesota alone needs numerous varieties of corn bred for its various types of soil. • Per baps we could quote no greater modern authority on this subject than Prof. Hugo De Vries, who states that local variations in soil (and this is known only too well by all practical beet growers) will directly effect percentage of sugar in beets, and that the variety of beet, etc., must be developed on the same kind of soil as that on which it is to be grown. He says further that this principle has been tested and found reliable and has supplanted almost all others at the Svalof Experiment Station, Sweden. Prof. De Vries thinks also that "all trouble incident to im- perfect adaptation to soil can be avoided by the farmer only by selecting his own seed on his own land." From our point of view this statement is certainly true, but any one conversant with the amount of knowledge, time, and tediousness required in developing a good and distinct variety anywhere will see how impossible this remedy is of general application. The development of varieties of plants for distinct soil types is a State or National problem and can scarcely be accomplished without the aid of one or both of these institutions. The United States Department of Agriculture has collected a great many interesting and valuable data on this subject. It has studied plant growth and adaptability almost all over the known world, yet, from our point of view, nothing of more far reaching importance has been brought to the notice of the American people than that expressed by Mr. A. B. Schamel when he said : "The farmers suffer great annual loss from the growing of varieties not adapted to the soils of each region where the crops are grown." "The range of adaptability of varieties has never been determined so that, with known soil, growers can intelligently buy seed for planting, however, with more knowledge of the relation of the different types of soil to the different varieties of crops it will be possible for the breeders to produce and distribute seed especially adapted to particular sections." INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE ON DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT VARIETY. It is a fact of utmost importance to agriculture that plants can be, and are, greatly modified by the environment in which they are placed. It has long been known that the different varieties of our staple crops make better yields, both of quality and quantity, when grown on certain soils than when grown on others. Until recently, however, our soils had not been differentiated into series and types, consequently, no law of general application could be deduced from the many observed facts. In as much as each environment produces adaptive changes in plants it follows that widely different environments will produce marked varia- tions in the same variety of plants. The Bulletin. 9 If we take a particular variety of any plant, as cotton, and grow it in "widely different soil environments (climate remaining the same) certain adaptive changes will appear, enabling the plant to correspond more •completely with the various new conditions. Now, if by careful and persistent selections the grower each year weeds out all plants but those most nearly corresponding to the new environment, he will soon find these adaptive variations to have become so intensified and his plants to have undergone such a pronounced physiological change that he can legitimately say a new variety of cotton has appeared in his field. If, for example, we take a variety of cotton having a small stem, leaf and boll, grown for generations on the Norfolk sand, and transplant it to the Yazoo loam, we will have changed the environment of the plant by -changing the soil type. We will have increased the food and moisture supply of the plant enormously. In order to utilize the increased supply ■of feed and drink the plant begins to gradually enlarge its stem, leaf and boll. JSTot all the plants in the field may show a pronounced adaptive change at once, but here and there will be found a plant with an iibnormal development. The enlarged boll may appeal to the grower as ■a desirable characteristic, and he may, therefore, select for seed only those plants that have the extra large boll. The following year he will plant these selected seed in the same soil environment and again select seed only from the plants having the enlarged stem, leaf and boll. This practise of selection and adaptation is continued till every plant in the field closely corresponds to the ideal set by the grower, and, perhaps ■without intending to do so he has produced a new variety of cotton, thoroughly adapted to the new soil environment. After this, big boll variety of cotton has been grown for a number of years on this rich bottom land soil, we w^ll suppose the grower takes the seed and plants them on the upland soil again. He will have again changed the environment by changing the soil type. The available food and moisture supply will have been greatly decreased, but the desire of the plant for a large supply of these will not have been diminished. It is thus subjected to a process of starvation, which causes it gradually to decrease the size of stem, leaf, and boll in order to continue its existence under the changed conditions of life. Early maturity or some other •characteristic of upland plants growing under restricted food supply may «uit the grower's fancy in some of the plants, and these he will select for planting the following year. Should he continue this practise of select- ing and adapting the plants to a particular type of upland soil for a number of years, he will finally have developed a variety of cotton having a small stem, leaf, and boll peculiarly adapted to the upland «oil, as he did in the case of the bottom land soil. It is thus possible to take a variety of plant and, by changing the soil environment, induce a radical change in its characteristics, even to the extent of creating a new variety. Some twenty years ago Director Tracy, of the Mississippi Experiment Station, found that "many varieties of cotton which will produce a strong, long, silky fiber when planted on rich river bottom soil soon lose their superior qualities when grown on the dryer hill lands," and that "the percentage of lint also varies with the soil on which it is grown." 10 The Bulletin. He also found "where samples of the same variety have been accurately measured the lint varied greatly in length owing to differences in soil." Mr. Tracy found further that "some varieties gave enormous yields when all conditions were favorable, but failed miserably when planted on unfavorable soils." After a long series of carerul investigations in citrus fruit-growing in the Gulf States, Prof. P. H. Rolfe concludes: "In the production of oranges it is absolutely necessary to choose the particular variety which is adapted to any peculiar soil." Relative to the production of wheat in Tennessee, Director A. M. Soule, of the Tennessee Experiment Station, after testing a number of varieties, concludes : "The selection at random of varieties of wheat has led the farmers to conclude that the soil and climatic conditions prevail- ing in Tennessee are antagonistic to the production of a superior grade of wheat, but careful research has revealed the fact that when the varie- ties are found specially adapted to the soils in this State, the results are quite as satisfactory as those secured in other part of the United States." During our study of the adaptation of varieties of plants to soil types we have found in every case investigated that each variety has been developed in a quite distinct type of soil, and our study of the later history of these varieties goes to show that they give best results only when grown on soils similar to those on which they have been developed. Indeed, it appears to us higlily improbable that a good and distinct variety of any of our staple crops can be developed in a field where there is a medley of soil types. Uniformity of soil is essential to the produc- tion of a uniform variety of plant. The Toole variety of cotton wa* developed on the Norfolk sand, and may be expected to give better results on this and closely allied types of soil than any other variety of cotton. It is hardly too much to say that the farmers of this country lose millions of dollars yearly by not knowing the particular varieties of corn, wheat, cotton, etc., best suited to the different soil types found on their farms. SEED SELECTION. There is, perhaps, no more potent factor in the adaptation of varie- ties of plants to soil types or soil environments than that of careful seed selection. As we said above, when a plant is forced to grow in a new environment it at once begins to adjust itself to the new conditions of life. In case of the cotton plant, for example, we will see here and there in the field, during the first or second generations, a few plants making a better growth and setting fruit more liberally than the general run of the field. The grower will mark these plants and select seed from them for planting the following year, etc., and in a little while will have his whole field set with plants that are rapidly adjusting themselves to the new soil conditions. This practice of selecting seed from the best plants and planting these selected seed again on the same type of soil is the best — the only — means by which to force the plant to its highest point of productiveness. Indeed, seed selection is beneficial mainly in that it accelerates the complete adaptation of the plant to the particular soil environment. The Bulletin. 11 cumuiative effect of seed selection and adaptation. It is generally true that any variety of plant will sport or change, even though it be kept on the soil to which it is specially adapted, but the variations in this case are generally in the desired direction. The Minnesota Experiment Station, after many careful experiments to determine the effect ol growing the same kind of plant in the same kind of soil (not in the same field, however), for a number of years in succession, concludes : "The old idea that seed tended to run out when grown too long on the same soil is false," At the Nebraska Experiment Station a new variety of wheat was introduced some years ago and grown for several generations on the same type of soil (the Marshall silt loam). As the variety adapted itself to the new soil environment the yields increased. The seed was carefully graded each year and the variety showed a tendency toward continual improvement. Mr. W. W. Toole, the originator of the Toole variety of cotton, has for years been improving his cotton along the lines of early maturity and increased proportion of lint to seed. He now has not only one of the earliest ma- turing varieties, but one in which he has increased the per cent of lint from 38 to 44. He tells me, moreover, that within a short time he expects to put on the market an extra early variety, yielding 46 per cent lint, and that within ten years he will produce a cotton yielding as high as 50 per cent lint. We thus see that when careful seed selection is combined with uniform soil conditions, the variations of the plant are cumulative in the desired direction. 12 The Bulletin. Part 11. CHANGE OF SOIL ENVIRONMENT. "If the environment remains tlie same," says Lamarck, "the species also remains the same." Spencer had in mind practically the same idea when he said : "If the environment remains unchanged for many genera- tions the plants becomes thoroughly fitted into the conditions and then remain in a state of equilibrium." You will recall that the variety was, in Darwin's time, pretty generally considered an incipient species. From the foregoing definition of plant environment it is evident that a change in either soil or climate will produce a change in the environ- ment- Suppose we take as a simple illustration some of our potted plants that apjjear so beautiful along the thirty-second parallel and move them fifteen degrees north, leaving them unpi'otected. The change of climate alone kills the plant. Now take a plant that has been grown for a gen- eration in a rich, moist loam, and repot it, putting in place of the rich loam a very poor sandy soil. With no change of climate the plant dies. Of course every one knows that with an extreme change of both soil and climate the plant must die, but how many scientific agriculturists have noted that with a change of soil type, it may be but a few yards away, the cultivated plant may not only have its form and habit of growth changed, but its yield so reduced as to place it far below the point of profitable production? We could bring forward more illustrations to substantiate this proposition than the limits of this paper will justify. We will quote, therefore, only a few of the leading authorities who have either conducted experiments or have observed in this field of thought. While Mr. Hilgard was in Mississippi he noted that "A single variety of cotton, planted on two adjoining soil types, was so changed by the two soils as not to be recognizable as the same variety in the two fields." This observation has not only been made in the case of cotton, but also in the growth of corn, oats, wheat, beets, etc. This breaking up of corn in habit of growth has, as a rule, been accompanied by reduced pro- ductivity. Most experiment stations have demonstrated this conclusively. Kansas station has found that "the purest bred corn secured from other States, when grown under new conditions of soil * * * varies greatly in the type and quality of the corn produced, and must be carefully bred and selected again when planted in Kansas in order to secure a hardy and productive type of corn which is adapted for growing in the new environment." This bit of experimental knowledge is in perfect accord with Darwin's observation that "When plants are removed from their natural conditions they are extremely liable to have their reproductive systems seriously affected," and that "Organic beings, long habituated to certain uniform conditions in a state of nature, when subjected to a considerable change in their conditions, very frequently are rendered more or less sterile." The works and observations of Messrs. Bailey and Webber have enabled them to voice practically the same opinion as that advanced by Darwin. The Bulletin. 13 Contrary to popular opinion, Mr. A. M. Soule, of the Virginia Experi- ment Station, found that corn developed on thin land will not yield well when first grown on rich ground, and that, while western varieties will outyield our home-grown strains when put on soils made comparable to those found in the west, they will not yield as much on the thin lands of the east as the home-grown varieties. The Illinois station found that many varieties of wheat, when grown elsewhere, were worthless when grown on the Marion silt loam in south- ern Illinois, and that the Turkey red wheat, the best wheat for the Mar- shall silt loam at the station was out of its element when grown on the Marion silt loan in southern Illinois. Returning again to plants as we see them in nature, who has not noted that certain varieties of plants are radically changed when their seeds fall on distinct soil type, though the seed may not have fallen ten feet from the parent plant. Mr. Hilgard states that the black prairie belt, composed of a heavy black limy clay, in Mississippi, produces a stout, vigorous species of post and black jack oak, but when the seeds of these trees are placed on the non-calcareous clay soil of the flat woods country, they are so changed in form, habit of growth, and size that the inhabitants believe them to be a different species. Mr. Hilgard makes another interesting observation. The upland cypress has a character- istic cone shape, while the lowland cypress has an umbrella shape top. But, says Mr. Hilgard, when seed of the upland variety falls on the swampy land it produces the lowland variety of cypress. This observa- tion might have been doubted had it not come from so eminent an authority as Mr. Hilgard. The above interesting data are hardly more remarkable than some given by Mr. De Vries. He found that two alpine varieties of milfoil, so nearly alike in botanical marks that many would think them the same, made quite different demand on the chemical constituents of the soil. The one was adapted to a silicious soil, the other to a calca- reous soil. When both were placed on the calcareous soil only the one adapted to or developed on this soil can survive; the other is crowded out. Bateson also found that "the common dandelion (Taraxacum densleonis) has in a dry soil leaves which are much more irregular and incised, while they are hardly dentate in marshy stations where it is called Taraxacum palustre." Both Darwin and Lamarck believe that not only the great amount of variation observed among our domesticated plants, but the great differences seen between the present plants and their prototypes, is due to the new environments to which they have been subjected, but the amount of variation due to the soil half of the en- vironment never came up for much consideration. Any practical alfalfa grower knows that alfalfa is very choice in its soil requirements, demanding a rich, heavy loam, heavily charged with lime carbonate in order to make its best development and that when placed on a soil lacking in these essential qualities it makes a miserable failure. Apropos of this subject the Minnesota Experiment Station observed, "Buying seed every few years from regions having different soils is unwise." 14 The I^ulletin. It is a matter of common knowledge that the Norfolk sand produces a very high grade of cigar wrapper tobacco, but when this variety of tobacco is grown on the Orangeburg clay it loses its superior qualities. Not only have the experiment stations ascertained that definite varie- ties require definite soils but many practical farmers who have taken the' trouble to keep careful notes tell me of similar experiences. I have known two varieties of cotton, grown in the same field in which the soil was all alike, one to outyii:ld tlie other a rbousand pounds of seed cotton per acre, and that with identical cultivation and fertilization. The same is true to a greater or less degree with com, wheat, and oats, and. indeed, with all other plants whose actions in changed soil environments it has been my privilege to study. It is common among farmers to hear some man say the Early Rose potato gives him best results, while his neighbor, just across the road, may say the Early Rose is all but worth- less on his land. I have never found a case of such complexity of opin- ion whei-e an examination did not reveal two distinct soil types. A characteristic case of changed environment comes to mind. A few years ago two brothers who had been making a splendid success growing pota- toes on the high priced Wabash silt loam soil of the Kaw Valley, Kansas, heard of cheap land in Texas and made a purchase of several hundred acres of the soil known as the Orangeburg sand at Rockdale, Texas. The natives of that section volunteered to advise these brothers against such an attempt, saying they had never been able to grow any variety of potato on that "kind of land." But the advice was not heeded. The brothers brought their whole equippage with them from the Kaw Valley and proceeded to plant their crop of potatoes. They placed in the bank at Rockdale $5,000 with which to pay expenses. When the crop was harvested their books showed a loss of $3,000, with $2,000 of the original $5,000 in the bank. This they speedily drew out and returned to Kaw Valley. There is, so far as I know, no variety of potato well adapted to the Orangeburg sand, though one might easily be developed. In this case there was a change of both soil and climate, but a change of either one would have produced the same result. The broth- ers gave but $10 an acre for their land, but it sells now, I am told, at about $30 an acre, for peach culture, to which it is well suited. In his paper on the Modification of Cereal Crops by Change of En- vironment, Prof. T. L. Lyon says: "It is desirable to breed a strain of any cereal under, as nearly as possible, the conditions under which it is to be grown. The more strongly bred a strain is the longer it will retain its quality under the new environment. The better suited it is for one set of conditions the more difficult it will be to adapt it to those that are radically different." READJUSTMENT TO NEW ENVIRONMENTS. Since plant organisms are so profoundly influenced by every touch of environmental condition it follows that when they are changed from one environment to another they must, of necessity, undergo a corresponding change in their physical characteristics; and this change must be more or less pronounced according as the change of environment is great or small. If the variety of plant has been thoroughly fixed by years of The Bulletin. 15 •selection and adaptation to the previous environments, the first, and maybe the second, generation of plants may be expected to show a tend- ency to reproduce the qualities of the old strain, but since environmental conditions of life are always exerting a greater influence on the plant organism than its inherent qualities, the plant soon changes its habit of growth, etc., to fit the new conditions. It is during this period of read- justment that the plant is liable to become unprofitable to the grower. One example must suffice to illustrate: The Harvest King variety of wheat, adapted to the Marion silt loam of southern Illinois, beat a variety of the same name from Indiana three and nine-tenths bushels per acre, and a variety of the same name from Michigan four and eight-tenths bushels per acre. After three years, however, the foreign variety yielded as much as the home-grown Harvest King. This ex- periment showed not only a loss during these three years, but no gain over the home-grown variety after the complete readjustment. We have a large number of similar illustrations where the differences in yield are very large, but since the limits of this paper will not admit their introduction they will occur in another paper on this subject. It is here, also, that the farmer is deceived, because his new variety, having done well last year, he has faith in its future action, but the yields generally get lower and lower. Moreover, few farmers will keep a poor variety on their farms until it becomes thoroughly adapted to the new conditions, or, in other words, till their soils develop varieties adapted to them. If we take the cabbage plant for example, which in its domesticated state is adapted to a rich, moist loam soil, and grow it on a poor, dry sandy soil it will, as Darwnn puts it, ''Eevert to a large extent, or even wholly, to the aboriginal stock, due largely to the definite action of the soil." Strickland big boll cotton is especially adapted to a rich, moist bottomland soil, the Waverly silt loam. The Toole variety to a rather poor, well drained upland soil, the ISTorfolk sand, when either of these varieties is grown in the soil environment particularly adapted to the other, the yield is materially decreased thereby. If we take the Drake cluster cotton, which has been kept pure for twenty-five years on the Houston clay, and grow it on rich, moist, bottom land soil, it at once "goes to weed" and yields comparatively little fruit. The Minne- sota Experiment Station has found that varieties of grain adapt them- selves to local conditions, and "varieties from seed brought from a distance must usually become acclimated before they can do their best." But when the readjustment to the new environment is complete and the plant begins to produce good yields, close examination will reveal a variety quite different from the one originally planted, as we said above. To illustrate : The Strickland big boll cotton was the result of the complete readjustment of the Bohemian big boll from the black, waxy land of Texas to the Waverly silt loam in Alabama. The result is a much smaller boll. It takes over sixty bolls of the Strickland to make a pound of seed cotton, while forty-six to forty-eight of the Bohemian are quite sufficient. Many other instances that have come under our personal observation might be given to show that varieties of plants transferred from one soil type to another to which they were not adapted 16 The Bulletin. have so decreased in yield as to make their continued cultivation unprof- itable and have been discarded after the first season. The present practice of our farmers is to purchase a new variety of plant, as cotton, corn, or wheat, wholly on catalogue descriptions or the advice of some friend, and without regard or information as to the type or character of the soil on which the plants have been developed. The originators of these new varieties never think to say anything about the soils on which they were grown, never, perhaps, suspecting that the soil type could influence the future tendencies of the plant. These different varieties are thus taken out of their original soil environments, subjected to a continual round of readjustments to new conditions, and as a result, our crop yields are kept permanently below a reasonable average by reason of the adverse circumstances in which the plants are forced to grow. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION. In this paper we have found (1st) that with given climatic conditions the plant, sooner or later, becomes adapted to the soil type on which it is placed. (2d) When the variety is removed to a radically different soil type the new soil type and the plant variety react on each other in such a way as to break up the original characteristics of the variety and gradually develop a variety better suited to the conditions. This we called readjustment to the new environments and tried to show that during this period the productivity of the variety is likely to fall far below the point of profitable production. (3d) We have tried to show also that the remedy recommended by some that each farmer should become a plant breeder and breed varieties for each of his soil types will almost surely prove impracticable since the great majority of them would require to be taught both the characteristics of a distinct variety and what constitutes a distinct type of soil. This, we, feel, is a State and National problem. When a State has a large number of soil maps it is ready for the soil expert and the plant breeder to go to work. Other- wise the national government should not be slow to launch out into this new field of agricultural research. (4th) We have found also that the most important result of systematic seed selection is in accelerating the complete adaptation of the given variety to the given soil type. (5th) That a radical change produces a change in the characteristics of the variety and generally greatly reduces the yield of the plant. (6th) When seed selection and adaptation are carefully combined we find the results to be cumulative in the desired direction. We conclude, therefore, that, from an economic point of view, it pays best to grow our staple crops only on soils to which they are adapted or on soils similar to, or identical with, those on which they have been developed. THE BULLETIN OF THE North Carolina Department of Agriculture RALEIGH Vol. 33, No. 2 FEBRUARY, 1912 Whole No. 164 COTTON CULTURE IN NORTH CAROLINA PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the PostofEce at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter, February 7, 1901, under act o June 6, 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter ...Fairfield __. First District. K. W. Barnes. Lucama... Second District. R. L. WooDAKD Pamlico Third District. I. H. Kearnet Franklinton Fourth District. R. VV. Scott Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McCallum- --- Red Springs Sixth District. J. P. McRae Laurinburg Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale - Eighth District. W. J- Shdford ..Hickory. Ninth District. A. Cannon ..Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner. ELIAS CARR .Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. PESCUD Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn . Bulletin Clerk. B. W. KILGORE -. State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. PiCKEL - Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood. ..-. Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinklet Assistant Chemist. E. L. WoRTHEN Soil Investigations. •W. E. Hearn Soil Survey. W. H. Stroud _ Assistant Chemist. J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist. E. W. Thornton Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch Clerk. F. S. Puckett Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRI.MLEY _ , Curator of Museum. T. VV. Adickes Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr _ _ Entomologist.. Z. P. M ETCALF Assistant Entomologist S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work' W. G. CHRIS-M.4N - Veterinarian- B. B. Flowb... 1... Second Assistant Veterinarian- W. H. E.\TON Dairj'man- L. A. HiGGiNs Assistant Dairyman- R. W. Grabber . Assistant Dairyman- W. N. HUTT . Horticulturist- S. B. Shaw .".Assistant Horticulturist- O. M. Clark .Second Assistant Horticulturist- T. B. PARKER Demonstrator and Director of Farmers' Institutes- J. M. Grat. Assistant Demonstrator- W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist. W. A. Smith Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN , Botanist. Miss S. D. .4llen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS Agronomist. G. M. Garden .'Assistant Agronomist. tE. G. MOSS Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tE. H. Matheson Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work T. F. Parker Assistant Boy's Corn Club Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Superintendent Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Superintendent Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H Jeffries, Superintendent Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. Collett, Superintendent Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. 'Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of .Agriculture. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Botanical Relations ^ History of Cotton Growing in North Carolina 5 Cotton Production in North Carohna 7 Yield per Acre 8 Cotton Soils of the State — Piedmont Section 8 Cecil Sandy Loam ^ Cecil Clay Loam 9 Cecil Clay ^ Fundamental Treatment 9 Methods of Handling Green Manure in Piedmont Section 11 Plowing 12 Fertilization 1<^ Cotton Soils of the State — Coastal Plains Section 15 Norfolk Fine Sandy Loam 16 Norfolk Sandy Loam 16 Portsmouth Fine Sandy Loam 16 Fundamental Treatment 16 Methods of Handling Green Manure— Coastal Plains Section 16 Plowing 18 Fertihzation 18 Preparation of the Seed Bed — Piedmont Section 20 Ridge or Level Culture? 20 Application of Fertilizers 21 Cultivation 21 Preparation of the Seed Bed— Coastal Plairis Section 22 Thinning 22 Topping 22 Seed Selection 22 Rotation 23 Variety Tests 24 The Best Variety 25 Sources of Seed Tested in 1911 36 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Raleigh, February 8, 1912. Sirs: — I beg to submit herewith a manuscript on cotton culture in North Carolina. This is a short general treatise on cotton growing in this State, The materials for this paper have been gathered from vari- ous sources — from work done by this Department, the other Southern Experiment Stations, bulletins of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and the works of a few independent authors, of which I desire to make special mention of the excellent little work by Prof. E. C. Brooks, "The Story of Cotton." I recommend the publication of this manuscript as the February bulletin of this Department. Respectfully submitted, J. L. Burgess, Hon. W. a. Graham, Agronomist. Commissioner of Agriculture. COTTON CULTURE IN NORTH CAROLINA BOTANICAL RELATIONS. The cotton plant belongs to the Malvacew, or mallow family of plants and is known scientifically by the generic name, Gossypium. There are some eight hundred species of this family, only a few of which, however, are used either for economic or ornamental purposes. The most important member of the family is, of course, Gossypium, or the cotton species, of which there are a number of varieties. To this may be added the Hibiscus esculentus or garden okra, and the Althaea Rosea, or well known hollyhock, and the Hibiscus or cotton bush of our lawns. The cotton plant is indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions, but under cultivation its range has been extended to almost forty degrees on either side of the equator. With us cotton is an annual, but in the tropics the entire plant lives through the year, just as the peach and apple trees do with us. Here the plants attain the size and height of small trees, some of which pro- duce a great many pounds of cotton during the year. The quality of lint from this cotton is not good, however, and is not used for commer- cial purposes. In the extreme southern part of the United States a second crop has been harvested from one planting by covering the base of the stalks with dirt in the fall to protect them from the freezes of winter as is done Avith sugar cane stubble. It is not certainly known from just what species our upland short staple cotton came, but it was probably from Gossypium herhaceum. Authorities are agreed, however, that the Sea Island, or long staple cotton, originated from the species known as Gossypium harhadense, a native of the West India Islands. The types or species of cotton grown exclusively in the United States are Gossypium herhaceum or short staple cotton and Gossypium harba- dense, or long staple cotton, known generally as Sea Island cotton. The yield of lint from the Sea Island cotton is much less than that from the short staple variety, but the uses to which it is put, together with the comparatively small amount that can be grown, causes the prices to range high enough to compensate, generally, for its lower total yield per acre. HISTORY OF COTTON GROWING IN NORTH CAROLINA. Botanists do not know just where or how early in history the cotton plant was first used for human comfort. It seems to have been used for clothing from the earliest civilizations. When the Spaniards came to America they found it cultivated from the West Indies to Peru and from Mexico to Brazil. 6 The Bulletin. Its cultivation in the United States seems to date back about 175 years before the industry became at all important. Like tobacco, its cultivation was first begun at Jamestown, Va., about 1608 or 1609, and subsequently spread southward through North Carolina and South Carolina to other southern territory where the climate was more con- genial for its production. The northern limit of its production was not confined to Virginia, however, as historians point out that it was grown, at least, on a garden scale, as far north as the 39th parallel as early as 1736, and at the time of the Revolution the supply of cotton in Pennsylvania was sufficient to supply the domestic needs of the State. Cotton was grown in Mary- land as late as 1826. After its introduction into Virginia in 1608, or thereabouts, it was grown to a very limited extent from Pennsylvania to Florida. Nowhere was it produced on a commercial scale sufficiently large to make any impression on the markets of the world prior to 1793, when Whitney invented the cotton gin. From that time on the production of cotton in the South has steadily grown in magnitude and importance, till now it forms the most important money crop not only of the South, but of the United States ; the export of which brings more foreign money into our country than any other single crop we produce in addition to giving year-round employment to hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children in factory, field, and mill. As early as 1708 ISTorth Carolina seems to have grown enough cotton to supply clothes for at least one-fifth of its population at that time, but cotton growing was first, probably, introduced into North Carolina by Sir John Yeaman, along the Cape Fear River, in 168.5, when he was placed in charge of the Claiendon Colony. Each colonist grew a small patch of cotton which was picked, carded, spun, and woven into cloth or knitted into hosiery by the members of the family. At that time growing, ginning, and manufacturing were all done on the farm. The ginning was usually done by the younger members of the family during evenings between supper and bedtime— the usual task of each one being to separate by hand a "shoe full" of lint from the seed before retiring. And as noted above, this practice of separating the seed from the lint continued till 1793, when the inven- tion of the cotton gin came to the relief of the planters. Early in the 18th century John Lawson wrote in his history of North Carolina, "We have not only provisions plentiful but clothes of our own manufacture, which are made and daily increase, cotton, wool, and flax being of our own growth and the women are to be highly commended for industry in spinning and ordering their housewifery to so great an advantage as they do." Little or no cotton was sold in North Carolina at that time, it being a difficult task to get enough for home consumption. In 1788, how- ever, the industry had grown considerably and we were beginning to sell some cotton out of the State. Our competitors in cotton growing at this time were the West India Islands and Brazil, from which much cotton was imported to make up the deficiency of the home-grown The Bulletin. 7 product for certain classes of goods; not only so, but the quality of cotton from these countries was better than could be grown here and fabrics made from it were preferred by the wealthier of our citizens. It is of interest to note that in 1789, Nathaniel Macon, then a Mem- ber of Congress from this State, proposed a tariff on cotton to protect the Southern States against the West Indies and Brazil. The bill was defeated. Whitney's invention was patented in 1794 after which time he visited the Legislatures of the different cotton-growing States and urged them to buy the patent rights for use in their respective States. The South Carolina Legislature purchased the right for that State, paying $50,000 for it. In 1804 the JSTorth Carolina Legislature bought the right for this State, for which it paid $30,000. From this time on the development of cotton manufacture in this State took rapid strides. In 1813 our first cotton mill was erected in Lincoln County. The machinery Avas purchased in Providence, Rhode Island, shipped by w^ater to Philadelphia, and hauled from there to l^orth Carolina by wagon, a distance of over 500 miles. The Battle cotton mill on Tar River was built in 1816 and the mill near Burlington in 1837. N"ow there are over 330 cotton mills scattered over the entire State. The introduction of the cotton mill into our midst revolutionized the body politic and sent a thrill of energy through our industrial system that has today put us in the forefront of the farming and manufactur- ing States of the Union. In 1790 the price of cotton was 26 cents a pound; in 1799 it was selling for 44 cents. As the price of cotton went up the price of slaves rose ; the cotton patches grew into 1,000-acre fields, and the slave labor- ers multiplied from tens into hundreds on a single farm. The planters of a few acres in 1780 became the landlords of vast estates at the begin- ning of the 19th century. Many of the plantations were small com- munities with each individual looking to the landlord for advice and support ; his vessels landed at his wdiarves, unloaded the goods he had purchased in Europe, and took on board his cotton, corn, and tobacco to be carried to London and other parts of the world. But as time went on and economic conditions changed, these vast estates were gradually broken up and divided among the growing popu- lation—sons and daughters of the landlords and others seeking invest- ments in farm lands — till now there are few farms in the State having 1,000 acres, and fewer still with 500 acres under cultivation. In 1790 JSTorth Carolina produced less than 1,000,000 pounds of cotton. Since then the production has gradually increased as shown in the following table until now we are growing 1,000,000 bales per annum : COTTON PRODUCTION IN NORTH CAROLINA, 1801 1910. 1801 8,000 bales 1860 145, 514 bales 1811 14,000 1870 144,935 1821 20,000 1894 479,441 1826 20,000 1900 502,825 1834 _ 19,000 1910 675.000 1850 73,845 The BuLLETI^^ YIELD PER ACRE. It will be of interest to note that during the last five years the aver- age acre yield of cotton in North Carolina was higher than that of Texas, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louis- iana, Arkansas, or Tennessee, for comparison of which the following table may be consulted : AVERAGE ACRE YIELD (In Lbs.) OF COTTON IN NORTH CAROLINA. (Year Book, 1910.) STATE North Carolina- Texas Louisiana Arkansas Tennessee South Carolina.. Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi 1906 1907 210 205 225 130 272 210 215 195 180 190 175 215 165 190 95 115 ' 165 169 215 228 1908 211 196 145 215 218 219 190 112 179 233 1909 210 125 130 153 158 210 184 110 142 1.57 1910 227 149 130 175 198 212 174 110 158 173 COTTON SOILS OF THE STATE PIEDMONT SECTION. Cotton is grown with more or less success on all the soils of this sec- tion, not because they are equally well suited to cotton culture, but be- cause the study of the relationships existing between the soils and crops has not advanced far enough to enable either the farmer or the scientific agriculturist to ascertain, with accuracy, just what crops will, under given market conditions, yield best results on any particular type of soil. That each distinct soil type should be better suited to one crop or lines of crops than to others, is but a reasonable assumption ; the prob- lem of the agricultural student, therefore, is to find this particular crop or lines of crops, to which the particular soil type is best suited. Since the cotton plant is a native in its original state, at least, of insu- lar and maritime regions, where the air is generally moist, seasons long, and temperature uniform, it would seem that this plant is entirely out of its environment when grown in the piedmont section. The wonderful power man has over his environment has enabled him, however, to gradually extend the growth of this crop and make it a leading product of the temperate zone. He has taken the cotton plant, accustomed to the long-growing seasons of the tropics, and caused it to so readjust its physical make up as to mature in the comparatively short season of the foothills of ISTorth Carolina. The short season for cotton in this section is largely compensated for, liowever, by the perfect surface drainage of the soils that enables them to warm up earlier in the spring than soils of more open texture nearer The Bulletin. ' 9 the coast but which are not so well drained. The proverbial midsummer drought that occurs in this section also aids by checking the vegetative growth and maturing the crop earlier here than it would mature farther east. While making a fair yield on practically all the soils of this section of the State, there are some two or three that should be considered the leading cotton soils of piedmont iN'orth Carolina, both on account of greater areal extent and greater adaptability. These are the Cecil Sandy Loam, the Cecil Clay Loam and, to less extent, the Cecil Clay. CECIL SANDY LOAM. This soil is a sandy loam of a brownish, yellowish or sometimes grayish color, ranging from a few inches to ten or twelve inches in depth, depending on the amount of local erosion. The subsoil is a red clay containing an appreciable amount of coarse sand, both soil and subsoil carrying fragments of quartz or "white flint rocks." The surface of this soil is gently to heavy rolling and hilly. Some- times rather large areas are found, however, that are as level as a farmer would care to have agricultural land. This type of soil may be characterized, in a general way, as having a gray top and a red clay bottom. CECIL CLAY LOAM. This is, perhaps, the next in importance of the cotton soils of the piedmont section. The soil is about six inches deep and is character- ized by a red surface soil and heavy clayey subsoil. Both soil and sub- soil contain an appreciable amount of sharp sand, quartz, fragments of undecomposed crystalline schists, and other metamorphosed rocks from which the type is largely derived. CECIL CLAY. The surface of this soil is characterized in general by its red color and absence of an appreciable amount of sand. It is a heavy red clay which is in its typical development, very sticky when wet and rather difficult to cultivate. The depth of the soil, which usually marks the depth of plowing and the incorporation of organic matter, ranges from four to six inches as a rule. While not a specially good cotton soil, still with proper treatment, as much as a bale and a half to the acre has been secured from this type. All three of these soil types are found scattered over the whole pied- mont section with the possible exception of the slate belt where they will be found developed here and there where the rocks that give rise to this series of soils outcrop. They are typically developed in the counties of Iredell, Mecklenburg, Cabarrus, Davidson, Randolph, Guil- ford, Alamance, and Rowan. FUNDAMENTAL TREATMENT. In discussing the manipulation of these soils preparatory to the production of cotton, only general principles and broad generalizations 10 The Bulletin. can be dealt with, due to the fact that at present we have no accurate experiments or exhaustive data that show in detail just what fertilizer formula must be constructed to meet the needs of cotton on all of these types of soil in their present rather "run-down" condition. There are large areas of these soils that might be termed in a good state of fer- tility, but most of them which have been under cultivation for thirty or forty years are in need of special treatment before satisfactory results can be obtained. But when properly treated there are no better lands in the country than these. Organic matter, combined with deep plowing, is the first fundamental need and until this need is supplied any amount of superficial fertiliza- tion with commercial fertilizers must be done at considerable loss to the farmer. No system of cotton culture on these soils can be counted safe and sane that does not provide for the incorporation of a liberal amount of organic matter or humus in the soil each year. The more decayed vegetable matter we have in these soils, the less complete commercial fertilizer, within limits, will be required to make a fair crop of cotton, and the less humus we have, the more pounds of a complete mixture will be necessary. That is to say, good farming, unless special fertiliza- tion for special crops is desired, always reduces the required amount of mixed fertilizer for fair crop production, and poor farming always increases the amount of commercial fertilizer needed. To illustrate : If you use 300 pounds of commercial fertilizer this year to produce one-half a bale of cotton, the soil being uniform and the season being normal, next year you may have to use 100 pounds additional to get the same amount of cotton in case you have failed to use some green m.anuring crop as peas, rye, or crimson clover, to be plowed under and incorporated with the soil prior to the pitching of next season's ■crop. On the other hand, if you obtain one-half a bale of cotton by the use of 300 pounds of complete fertilizer this year, and plant cow- peas between the cotton rows and sow either rye, or crimson clover, •or both, to be plowed under, you will not likely need more than 200 pounds of commercial fertilizer to produce the half bale of cotton, and the chances are that you will produce the half bale just as easily with- •out the use of any commercial fertilizer as with it. It must be borne in mind, however, that the more organic matter we have in the soil, -within reasonable limits, the more commercial fertilizer can be used .to advantage. The use of a liberal amount of stable or green manure is entirely necessary to any rational system of cotton farming on these soils. We mention stable manure because it is, perhaps, the best form of organic matter we can get, but in the absence of the desired amount, one should not hesitate to use green manure, such as rye, crimson clover, cowpeas, eoy beans, etc., almost anything that will readily decay in the soil, as a source of humus. Remember that almost anything you can find in the line of organic matter will analyze as high or higher in plant food ele- ments than stable manure and the cost of hauling and spreading is, in The Bulletin. 11 case of the green crops, entirely avoided. Do not fail or hesitate to use green manure for cotton as it is the cheapest, and, on the whole, the best manure you can apply to the land. METHODS OF HANDLING GREEN MANURE IN PIEDMONT SECTION. If cowpeas are used they should be planted between the cotton rows in May or June or at the time the cotton is planted. The cotton may be planted in 5-feet rows with a row of cowpeas between. When the peas have matured seed, these may be picked and the vines left in the row. After the first or second picking of the cotton sow a bushel of rye or 15 pounds of crimson clover seed or both, broadcast, to the acre and harrow in between the rows before the cotton opens again sufficiently to be knocked out. Let the green crop grow till about two weeks before you are ready to plant cotton, then take a sharp disc harrow and disc the land two or three times, cutting the old cotton stalks, peavines, and the green crop into short bits after which the land should be plowed thoroughly some eight or ten inches deep and disced once more. This done, the land may be prepared for cotton in the ordinary manner. Do not fail to cut all vegetation into small bits before plowing under. We hear a great deal about the "souring" of land by the too liberal use of green manure and many farmers are afraid to use it to any extent on this account. The real explanation of this ''souring" effect lies, generally, in the method of handling the green manuring crop and not in the subsequent development of an excess of organic acid in the soil. The crop is generally plowed down with a good strong team hitched to a big plow on which is fastened a chain for the purpose of enabling the plowman to "wrap up the vines" and bury them deep enough to be out of the way of subsequent cultivation. This places a layer of very porous vegetable matter some two or three inches thick, say eight inches under the surface. The crop is then planted and cultivated over this bed of vegetable matter, and if the season is at all dry the farmer is likely to lose his crop. Why ? If the farmer should examine this vegetable matter some weeks after it was plowed under, and when his crop is looking worst, he would find the soil just under this bed of vines, etc., almost as wet as mud, while the soil just above it would likely be as dry as dust. This, then, is the explanation of the "souring" effect of green manure as generally handled. The rain water goes rapidly down through the soil and through the layer of vegetable matter and is stored in quantities in the subsoil, but this bed of noncapillary vege- table matter entirely cuts off the rise of this moisture from the subsoil to supply that taken from the surface soil by evaporation and plant growth. There has been a mechanical and not a chemical condition set up in the soil that cuts off the water supply from the plants and causes them to starve for water in spite of a normal rainfall. The remedy is that suggested above. See that the vegetable matter is cut fine by your disc harrow before it is plowed under and, when plowing, edge the furrow slice and thus incorporate the vegetable matter with the whole soil stratum and have it uniformly distributed through- 12 The Bulletin. oiit from top to bottom. The moisture can thus move dowTi and up in the soil to meet the needs of the crop throughout the season. It is always observed, on well drained land, that the following year, when the land has been plowed deeply again, and the layer of vegetable matter torn up and mixed with the soil, that the "souring" effect disappears, showing, if rightly interpreted, that it was the localization of the vege- table matter and not the vegetable matter itself that produced the dele- terious effect. Care must be taken not to turn under organic matter too deeply in these soils, since the processes of decay go on very slowly below ten or twelve inches. It has been found that the microflora or bacteria, etc., that cause the organic matter of the soil to decay, and thus give rise to the formation of the various nitrates in the soil, do not act freely below nine or ten inches under the surface of heavy soils. It is also true that these all important organisms can not exist in the first two or three inches of the surface soil on account of the too great aeration and drying effect of the sun's heat. Their greatest activity, therefore, is confined to that part of the soil stratum lying between three and ten inches of the surface. ISTow these bacteria feed entirely on organic matter. An important by-product of cattle feeding is the manure produced, but the principal product of the feeding of the bacteria is the formation in the soil of natural nitrates which are fundamental to crop production and which are immediately available for the plant as soon as formed. If we cut off the food supply from our cattle they die, and the same is true when we cut off the food supply from our soil bacteria. It will be seen, moreover, that the proper feeding of the soil bacteria is fundamental to the feeding of cattle or any other farm animals as well as to the suc- cessful production of crops. PLOWHSTG. These soils should be plowed at least eight and not over twelve inches deep. Subsoiling might pay in preparing for corn which requires a very large amount of water but in case deep plowing and turning under of green manure is practiced, it will not usually be worth while to subsoil for cotton. In general, subsoiling is doubtful economy in humid climates on heavy soils not well filled with humus for the obvious reason that when clayey soils, without humus, are loosened up to considerable depth, the first hard downpour rushes through the soil into the depths of the subsoil and fills it with water very quickly and in so doing the soil particles previously loosened by the subsoil plow "run together" and the subsoil becomes cemented and puddled again, and, on drying it will be found as hard, compact, and impervious to moisture as before. On the other hand, if the soil is filled with humus, the water falling on the surface is caught and held in the upper three or four inches of the surface and allowed to percolate more slowly down into the sub- soil which is thus gradually filled with moisture and, at the same time, the subsoil particles remain in a more or less open and porous condi- tion and will thus receive and store a number of inches of rain during The Bulletin. 13 one or even more seasons without again becoming puddled and im- pervious. These soils should generally be plowed in the fall for most crops but in case a cover crop for green manuring purposes is grown accord- ing to the plan outlined above, the impossibility of fall plowing isj evident. However, since fall plowing may have a number of beneficial effects on the land, chief of which would seem to be the pulverizing of the land by the freezes and thaws of winter and the destruction of the eggs of numerous insect pests, we would siiggest that once in three or four years the green manuring crop be omitted and the land be thoroughly plowed "ip the fall or early winter. Spring plowing for cotton is safer than for corn as cotton does not require as much moisture as corn. These soils should not be plowed over six or eight inches in the spring on account of the drying effect it has on the subsoil, also, the subsoil is likely to be very wet early in the spring and deep plowing might bring to the surface puddled soil that would remain cloddy all summer and thus intensify the deleterious effect of the midsummer drought which nearly always occurs in this part of the State. FERTILIZATION. Stable manure or green manure should be the basis of any system of fertilization on these soils, that is to say, commercial fertilizers should invariably be used in connection with some cheap form of organic matter. Otherwise, a large percentage of the phosphate and potash applied is sure to revert to insoluble and unavailable forms before the crop can utilize them. Large amounts of humus in the soil not only render available the natural mineral elements originally in the soil but help to hold in a soluble form the fertilizers applied artificially by the farmer till the growing crops can absorb and utilize them. In 1845 Peruvian guano was first introduced into the United States. In 1846 David Dixon of Hancock County, Georgia, "saw an advertise- ment in The American Farmer, Baltimore, of the wonderful effects of Peruvian guano. (He) procured three sacks of it, and finding it paid, used it in increasing quantities till 1855 or 1856, and then went into it fully." This was likely the first use of concentrated fertilizer for cotton on soils of this series. The Experiment Stations of Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and the Iredell Test Farm of North Carolina are on soils that are very similar in origin. There are individual differences in these soils, how- ever, that are likely to assert themselves under scientific treatment. All of these stations have, for a number of years, conducted fertilizer experiments with cotton, and, as might be expected, the results all have many points of agreement. These stations all find that neither potash, nitrogen, or phosphate give best results when used alone ; that for most profitable production all three must be used in combination, with phos- phate greatly predominating in the mixture. These stations are pretty well agreed, also, as to the optimum or best amount to use on lands in the piedmont section that possess average fertility. Furthermore, they agree on the method and time of application of fertilizer to these soils. The Bulletin. 15 The Alabama station found, after a number of experiments, that the cotton plant needs a complete fertilizer mixture on the soils of the station farm and that the best amount to apply ranged between 500 and 700 pounds per acre. The Georgia station came to practically the same conclusion after a number of experiments which showed a 10-3-3 to be a good formula for their soils. The South Carolina station found all three of the elements, nitrogen, phosphate, and potash, necessary in the mixture for best results on the station farm, with phosphate in considerable excess. Mr. B. W. Kilgore, of this Department, conducted fertilizer experi- ments with cotton for a number of years on the Cecil Clay Loam soil at the Iredell Test Farm at Statesville and here found the most economi- cal fertilizer mixture for cotton to be one containing about 10 per cent phosphate, 2 per cent potash, and 2 per cent nitrogen. All these sta- tions, therefore, located as they are, on soils derived from the same geological formation, and which have a number of qualities in common, find the fertilizer requirements of these lands very similar both as to the elements needed and the amounts to be applied. After repeated experiments all of these stations concluded, moreover, that an application of 400 pounds to 600 pounds of fertilizer should be made in the drill and applied some two or three weeks prior to planting. In case more than 600 pounds and as much as 1,000 pounds is used they suggest that the amount either be broadcasted or put on in two applications. These stations find that an application of cotton-seed meal or dried blood should be thoroughly mixed in the furrow just before planting, while stable manure should be placed in the soil at least one month before planting the crop. It was found, also, that an application of from 50 pounds to 100 pounds of nitrate of soda a month or six weeks after planting gave increased yields. COASTAL PLAIN SECTION. What we have said above is intended to apply to cotton soils outside the coastal plains section and known generally as piedmont or middle ISTorth Carolina soils, all of which are called residual in origin as dis- tinguished from the coastal plains soils, all of which are sedimentary deposits, having been laid down under conditions similar to those exist- ing today along the sea coast. As in the piedmont section, cotton is grown with more or less success on most of the soils found in this region. There are some two or three types in this section, however, that may be thought of as the leading cotton soils of the coastal plains region of the State. These all belong to either the Norfolk or the Portsmouth series of soils which cover the vast majority of this section. The Norfolk fine sandy loam, the Norfolk sandy loam, and the Ports- mouth fine sandy loam are the most important cotton soils of these two series, both in areal extent and adaptation to the crop. The areal extent and relative importance of these soils follow, so far as we have studied them, in the order given above. 16 The Bi'lletin. NORFOLK FINE SANDY LOAM. This soil consists of a pale yellow or gray fine sandy loam eight to twenty inches deep, overlying a fine yellow sandy loam subsoil grading into a light sandy clay at an average depth of twenty inches. It occurs on level areas and gently rolling uplands and generally has good drainage. This is the best cotton soil in Pitt, Edgecombe, Chowan, Craven, Duplin and other counties. NORFOLK SANDY LOAM. The soil of this type consists of a gray, yellowish gray, or light brown medium to coarse sandy loam, varying in depth from eight to thirty inches and overlies a yellow light sandy clay subsoil. It is gen- erally well drained. This is the best cotton soil in Robeson, Scotland and some other counties. PORTSMOL'TH FINE SANDY LOAM. The soil is a brown to black, more or less mucky, fine sandy loam carrying, as a rule, a large amount of vegetable matter in an advanced state of decay which gives to it the dark color and open texture. The soil is from twelve to eighteen inches deep. The subsoil is a mottled drab, or dark gray, sandy clay, rather heavy and impervious to a depth of thirty to thirty-six inches. It is found in low-lying areas usually in the neighborhood of swamps, sounds, and rivers of the coast country. This soil forms the most important agri- cultural land in n number of the extreme eastern and northeastern • counties. FUNDAMENTAL TREATMENT. Here, as in the piedmont section, it must be borne in mind that liberal amounts of some cheap and easily obtained organic matter lies at the A^ery foundation of successful cotton growing. There are large ai-eas of these types of soil that have been brought to a high state of production but the vast majority of them are sorely in need of humus as a basis of proper and economic fertilization. There are a number of practical difficulties in the way of any exten- sive development of the live stock industry on these soils, hence stable manure can not be relied upon as an important source of organic matter in crop production. Happily, however, the use of stable manure does not have to be relied upon for successful cotton culture. In this sec- tion the farmers, many of them at least, have come to know the value of green manure in the improvement and maintenance of the fertility of their soils. Such crops as burr clover, crimson clover, soy beans, cowpeas, rye, vetch, etc., have long been known to the fanners of this part of the* State. METHODS OF HANDLING GREEN MANURE IN THE COASTAL PLAINS SECTION. Burr clover should be one of the leading green manuring crops of this section, since, by proper handling it will reseed itself from year to year, The Bulletin. 17 and at the same time enrich the land with nitrogen, sometimes in excess of what might be desired for the growth of cotton. One good method of using burr clover in combination with cowpeas in cotton production is the following: Lay the cotton rows off 5 feet apart, and plant a row of cowpeas between the cotton rows, thus having a row of cotton and a row of cowpeas every two and a half feet. In September or October, sow broadcast about 15 pounds of clean burr clover seed to the acre and harrow this in between the rows of peas and cotton. When the peas ripen pick them and let the old pea vines and old cotton stalks remain on the ground over winter. In the spring bed the new cotton rows exactly where old cowpeas rows were the summer before, leaving the old cotton stalk row stand in a six to eight-inch balk, till the burr clover has ripened seed. This may be after the cotton has been planted in the old cowpea row and worked once or twice. When the burr clover has ripened seed, cut the old cotton stalks to pieces with the stalk cutter; break out the old cotton stalk row some six or eight inches deep with the "middle buster," and plant cowpeas as was done the previous year. This method puts two leguminous crops on the land each year, one in the summer, the other in the fall, winter and early spring. The sum- mer crop concentrates the nitrogen in what will be the cotton row next year while the winter crop broadcasts the nitrogen over the entire field, and both, together with the leaves, stems, and roots of the cotton plants, add large amounts of organic matter to the soil. This method has been followed with great success in some of the Gulf States and burr clover and cowpeas grow here as well as they grow there. Green manure may be safely plowed under more deeply on these soils than on those of the piedmont section. This is because the soils when well drained are more open and porous and the air penetrates more deeply. We would expect the organisms that produce decay of vegetation to work at a much greater depth in the Norfolk sandy loam than in the Cecil clay loam for the obvious reason that water drains out of it more quickly and the subsequent ventilation is better. Therefore, where green manuring crops are to be plowed under in the spring preparatory to planting cotton, they should first be disced a number of times to cut the vegetation and reduce it to rather small bits, after which it should be plowed under not less than eight or ten inches deep where the soil is well drained. Where drainage is sluggish, the plowing should not be so deep since soil bacteria can not work at all in Avater clogged soils, and after all it is principally to feed the soil bacteria that we turn under the vegetable matter in these soils. In all these loose soils we need a deep soil stratum in order to con- serve moisture. It is too well known to the farmers of this section that the first three or five inches of these soils dry out rather rapidly during the summer. This drying effect quickly kills the surface roots of what- ever crop happens to be on the land and the plants must feed, frequently in the midst of their development, from the deeper layers of soil in which there may be, and frequently is, but little available plant food. In these sandv soils, therefore, we want to develop a deep soil stratum, 18 The Bulletin. at least ten or twelve inches deep, by turning under deeply the vegetable matter grown on the surface. We must be careful, however, to incorpo- rate this vegetable matter uniformly throughout the whole soil stratum as outlined for the piedmont soils, otherwise disastrous results may be expected the first season, before the material has entered the state of rapid decay, by the cutting off of the water supply from below. PLOWING. The need for deep fall plowing is evidently not so great for these light soils as for the heavy soils of the piedmont section. The pulver- izing effect of the Avinter freezes is not necessary as they are already sufficiently loose, but the destruction of the eggs and larvae of certain insect pests may occasionally be desirable and in this case fall plowing should be resorted to. It must be borne in mind that much greater latitude may be taken in the plowing and cultivation of these loose soils than the farmer would dare take in the handling of heavy soils. Being loose and sandy they may be plowed sooner after a rain without becoming puddled and cloddy; they may be plowed deeper in the spring without detrimental effect ; and more of the subsoil may be brought to the surface at one time than should be turned up from heavy clayey subsoils. Green manures, such as cowpeas and soy beans should be plowed under in the fall, unless they are used in connection with burr clover as outlined above, while all winter legumes must be incorporated with the soil some weeks before the cotton crop is planted in the spring. FERTILIZATION. In the early history of cotton growing in this State no artificial manuring or fertilization was practiced. The bulk of the crop was grown on new land, and when the new lands were "worn out," other fields were cleared and put under the plow. Why should "new lands" be preferred for the crop ? Fundamentally because they were always well stocked with humus which rendered soluble the mineral matter of the soil and thus developed an abundant food supply for the crop. This, then, should give us the cue to the proper system of fertilizer application to these soils. Organic matter first, then the necessary plant foods and soil correctives. Curiously enough no extended experiments in the fertilization of these soils for cotton growing have, as yet, been brought to any satisfactory conclusion in any of the States. At the outset, however, we must bear in mind the difference in origin of these soils from that of the soils in the piedmont section. The soils in the latter section have moved but little, if any, from the parent rocks from which they were derived. We say they were formed in place or in situ, which indicates that most of the less soluble mineral matter present in the original rocks still remains in the soil and subsoil. N'ow there are many different kinds of rocks in the piedmont and mountain sections of the State, each extended area of which gives rise to a distinct type of soil. But during the processes of soil formation a The Bulletin. 1& great deal of the fine eartli from the original rock is washed from the surface by the rains and much of the soluble potash, phosphate, and lime is also carried away by the surface and underground waters, depos- ited along the seashore, and left dissolved in the open waters. The sand, silt, and clay is deposited along the seashore until the lands, such as our present coast country, are built up ; but much of the soluble potash, lime, and phosphate is carried out into the ocean, remains in solution for a time, and is deposited in quantites only here and there where shallow lakes gradually dry up. We would expect, therefore, as this soil material became irregularly laid down, the mineral elements contained in it would also become irregularly deposited. The larger soil particles, as coarse sand and fine gravel, being first deposited by the moving waters, would contain little soluble mineral plant food which would be carried beyond and laid down with the finer materials as silts and clays, in sounds and shallow lakes. From what we can ascertain the mineral plant food requirements of the coastal plains soils are much more irregular than those of the pied- mont section. Some need an excess of potash, some of phosphoric acid, some of nitrogen, and some of lime. In the coastal plains section it is not safe to say the whole area needs an excess of phosphate or potash in the mixture, but both, in varying quantities, seem to be needed, though the optimum or best amount, for the different soil types must be determined locally. The Agricultural Department is at present carrying on local fertilizer experiments on a number of soil types in the eastern part of the State, with varying results in different localities. The farmer might get some interesting suggestions by putting out a series of small experimental plots on his own farm after the following plan : 2 rows 16% Acid Phosphate. 2 rows Thomas Phosphate. 2 rows Kainit. 2 rows Muriate of Potash. 2 rows Nitrate of Soda. 2 rows Dried Blood. 2 rows Cotton Seed Meal. 2 rows Swamp Muck. 2 rows Pish Scrap. 2 rows Stable Manure. Study carefully the development of each plot during the season and in the fall pick and weigh each separately and note the difference in yield of seed cotton per plot. This will give some indication as to the leading element to be used in the fertilizer mixture. It is the policy of the Department to conduct carefully planned ferti- lizer experiments on the different soil types of the State long enough to find out not only the most needed fertilizer elements of the different soils, but to ascertain the relative amounts and proper combinations to be used in the production of cotton. We may state, however, that all soils in the coastal plains region need nitrogen and most of this should be gotten through legumes. 20 The Bulletin. PREPARATION OF THE SEED BED PIEDMONT SECTION. As previously noted in this paper it is not wise to sanction any system of cotton farming that does not include the incorporation of liberal amounts of organic matter in the soil. This organic matter may come either from summer legumes combined with the stems and leaves of the old cotton stalks cut fine and plowed under in the fall, or from some of the winter legumes and noulegiiminous crops, such as crimson clover, vetch, and rye, so-mi in the fall, together with the old cotton stalks, cut fine and incorporated with the soil in the early spring. In view of this system, shall the land be plowed in the fall or in the spring? If cotton follows cotton, which is generally a bad practice, the land, it is evident, can not be fall plowed, and must be plowed in the spring or early winter. If cotton follows a pea stubble or peas turned under, which is much better, as a rule, the land may be, and should be, plowed deep in the fall and receive a winter cover crop of rye or crimson clover, to be cut fine Avith the disc harrow and plowed under six to eight inches deep in the spring, some ten or fifteen days before planting. RIDGE OR LEVEL CULTURE? Some speculation has been indulged in by the friends of cotton wlion the question of ridge or level cultivation has come up for decision. One will say the cotton plant owes its tap root to the fact that it has for decades been growm on a ridge and forced to send its roots downward instead of laterally in quest of food. But we recall that the farmer who grows his cotton by the ridge method grows his corn by the ridge method also. Another says it is a typical tap rooted plant, but years of poor treatment have so reduced its vitality that it is subject to all sorts of diseases and insect pests. We recall, however, that various other crops, many of which have received first rate treatment, are still subject to disease and the attacks of various insects. But which shall be used, level or ridge cultivation? From whatever cause, we know that cotton always sends a tap root down deep into the subsoil in quest of moisture, but in addition to this tap root there are numerous fibrous roots running out in every direction in quest of food and drink. We stated above that the elaboration of plant foods was largely con- fined to that part of the soil stratum lying between three and ten inches, hence it is easy to see why these fibrous roots should seek those soil layers near the surface, since it is here that the richest feeding ground is found. Here the soil bacteria are at work; here the great bulk of soluble fertilizers recently applied are found; and here it is that every operation looking to the warming, fining, and sanitation of the soil, is performed. We may, it is true, attempt to confine our fertilizer appli- cation to a narrow furrow, over which we make a ridge, but the rains will eventuallv carrv much of it in solution out from the ridge into the 1/1/ *— The Bulletin. 21 middle of the row. Aud did you ever notice how vigorously the little fibrous roots attempt to go along with this soil solution? But you have your plants on the ridge and every time the heel scrape, or other cultivator, passes along the row these little feeding roots, for such they are, are cut off and the plant is forced to make its develop- ment in the small space of the ridge allotted to it by the grower. Any leachings from the ridge and middle are carried out into the depression between the rows and the surface waters carry them out of the field into the drainage. 'Now suppose we use level culture. The tap root goes down deep into the subsoil as before, but the fibrous, lateral roots, instead of remaining confined in the narrow ridge, spread far and wide in the upper layers of soil and obtain nourishment wherever it can be found, whether in the middle of the rows or in the immediate ridge where the stalk is stand- ing. These small roots will not, however, rise above the depth at which the heel scrape or the cultivator tooth runs, hence shallow cultivation is necessary in order not to cut off these small feeding roots that carry nourishment to the cotton plant. On examination the fibrous roots coming from one row will be found to meet and pass those coming from the other and the whole soil layer between the rows will be found full of these small roots just below the culture zone. This is not true, however, where the plants are confined TO tall narrow ridges with deep dead furrows between. On well drained soils, therefore, we can see no good reason Avhy the cotton crop should be cultivated on a ridge. APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS. Having prepared a good seed bed by plowing, harrowing, dragging, etc., the cotton rows should be laid off from three and a half to five feet apart, varying with the fertility of the soil and the amount of fertilizer to be used. A medium sized furrow should be opened and the fertilizer applied some ten days or two weeks before planting. The concensus of opinion seems to be in favor of putting the fertilizer in the drill in case not more than 400 pounds to 600 pounds are used, but, if heavier appli- cations are put on the quantity should be divided into two parts, one of which should be put in the drill, the other to be used as a side dressing some weeks after planting. CULTIVATION. A small ridge is necessarily made over the fertilizer and when the middles are broken out, which is sometimes necessary, the field is thrown into a series of beds which should be quite low. Just before planting these low ridges should be dragged still lower and by the time the cotton is planted the field should be reduced to practically a level surface. Planting should begin as soon as all danger from killing frosts has passed. It is not possible to set any definite date for the first cultivation. Some find it good practice to run over the field with a weeder before the cotton comes up in order to break the crust and destroy germinating weed and grass seeds. As a rule the cultivators should start as soon as the crop is 22 The Bulletin. well out of the ground and continue every week or ten days till about August 1st, Avhen cultivation should cease, unless the weather has been unusually dry and extended drought is expected, when one or more culti- vations should be given to conserve moisture, otherwise there might be a too free ^'shedding squares" and the crop yield greatly reduced. Cultivation may be some two or three inches deep early in the season, but must become very shallow as the season advances in order to allow the greatest amount of root development in the upper layers of the soil. COASTAL PLAINS SECTION. On the soils of this part of the State the same general methods of fertilizer application and cultivation obtain, except that here there is generally some necessity for using ridges rather than level culture, on account of the poor drainage of some of the soils, particularly those of the Portsmouth series and to some extent the fine sandy loam of the ISTorfolk series. The cotton plant delights in a warm, well drained soil and this condi- tion must be secured at all hazards. Instead of the tall narrow ridges commonly used", however, it would likely be better to use a combination of the ridge and level culture method and throw the fields into narrow lands with deep dead furrows for carrying away rapidly any surplus water. These narrow lands might be made wide enough for about four rows of cotton which should then be cultivated on the level and thus get the benefit of all the plant food in the entire soil stratum where drainage is sufficient for bacterial action. THINNING. Thinning or ''chopping" should begin as soon as the cotyledons have given way to the true leaves of the plant. When the first or second true leaf has appeared, thinning should begin and continue till all probability of dying, and thus destroying the stand, is past, which will be about the time the fifth or sixth true leaf has come out. TOPPING. There is some difference of opinion as to the advisability of topping cotton. A number of experiments have been planned to solve the ques- tion of whether it pays to top cotton, but none of them have given conclu- sive proof in favor of this practice. On the other hand, many farmers seem to find the topping of cotton to pay, and so practice it every year. It would seem that the soil and season might have some influence on the results. On the whole, however, in this latitude and where the soil is rich and inclined to prolong the vegetative growth too far into the latter part of the season, the topping of the main stem and the larger branches would seem to be advisable in order to check the growth and hasten ma- turity. The operation might also result in forcing the plant to put on more bolls. SEED SELECTION. The selection of the seed is an important matter in cotton culture in JSTorth Carolina, first, because we must accentuate the tendency of our The Bulletin. 23 leading varieties toward early maturity; second, by carefully selecting our seed the total yield per acre may be materially increased. When selecting seed from the general crop, the individual plant must form the basis of the operation. The grower should take a careful look over his field and note the size, form, shape, and general vigor of the plants he would like to reproduce next year. In addition to these char- acters he should note the relative number of bolls, relative date of maturity, general disease resistance, and distribution of fruit on the plant. Located as we are on the northern limit of the cotton belt of the United States we must have a cotton that matures early, therefore, characteristics that make for early maturity must be present in our ideal plants. Some of these characters may be noted as follows : An early matur- ing cotton plant bears most of its crop toward the base of the stalk and does not produce a heavy "top crop." The basal branches carry most of the fruit or bolls. The plant should range in height from three to four feet and have the well known sugar loaf or cone shape. We want our plant to be vigorous and have a good leaf surface. The yield must be considerably above the average for the field and the selections would better be made where the stand is perfect in order to bring out the individuality of the plants. The relative date of maturity is very important. Cotton that is not matured when frost comes does not make as good lint as that maturing earlier. Having found the plants desired, only the largest and best bolls, those having four or five locks preferred, should be selected for seed. These should be taken from the lower half of the stalk and never selected much, if any, above the middle of the plant. Enough seed should be thus selected to plant the next crop and ginned and kept separately from the other seed. This operation repeated every year will hand- somely repay the time and expense required. ROTATION. In the piedmont section the rotation must be chosen with a view to adding organic matter to the soil each year if best results are to be obtained. The old time three-year rotation of cotton, corn, and small grain is all right, with a slight modification, namely, rye or crimson clover should be sown in the cotton field in the fall and plowed under in the spring before corn is planted. Where the corn is not cut up and shocked preparatory to shredding, the old stalks should be cut to bits with a good sharp stalk cutter or disc harrow just before sowing small grain. This small grain crop should generally be wheat, as oats should be sown some weeks earlier and before it might be convenient to get the corn off the land. Peas or soy beans, sown broadcast, should follow the small grain crop to be cut for hay, if the land is in fair fertility, or cut up and plowed under if the land is in need of humus. The land should now be seeded to rye and crimson clover to be cut up with the disc and incor- porated with the soil just before planting the cotton crop the following spring. 24 The Bulletin. This rotation, together with deep plowing and the fertilization sug- gested above, which, however, will need to be varied as the fertility of the soil increases, will insure a good crop every season on most of the Cecil soils, even in the face of decreased rainfall, such, for example, as we had during the summer of 1911, provided the surface of the land is kept mulched by frequent shallow cultivation. The best rotation for the coastal plains section will depend on the crops to be grown, but, in general, the organic matter requirements of these soils must also be considered in any well ordered farm manage- ment scheme in this territory. Most of the well drained soils need more humus. The poorly drained soils first need drainage, after that the humus supply must be kept up by a judicious use of leguminous and other crops. It is likely that the rotation suggested for the piedmont section will, in many cases, suit the coastal plains section except that, as a rule, oats should be substituted for wheat. In case it is desired, for any reason, to grow cotton after cotton, the use of burr clover outlined above will be found advantageous. VARIETY TESTS. The Department of Agriculture has, for a number of years, been testing different varieties of cotton at different points in the recognized cotton district of the State. An effort has been made to get a variety test on each of the leading soil types and thus ascertain the existing varieties best suited to the different types of soil. In 1910 cotton varieties were tested at the Edgecombe farm with the results given in Table No. 1 below. It will be noted here that the three highest yielding varieties were Bradbury's Improved, Russell Big Boll, and Cook's Improved, in the order named; while the lowest yielders Avere Excelsior, Morgan's Climax, and Bank Account in the order named. During 1911 we made variety tests in eight different counties, the results of which may be gathered from the following tables : Table 'No. II shows the results of the work at Goldsboro in Wayne County. Here the best yielders were Summercur, Rosser No. 1, and Thigpen's Prolific, in the order named; while the lowest yielders were Webber, Allen's Multiplier, and Hawkins', in the order named. In Table No. Ill we find the results of the variety tests of cotton in Halifax County, on the State Penitentiary Farm at Tillery. Here the best yielders were Thigpen's Prolific, Bank Account, and Brown No. 1, with Webber, Hartsville, and Dean's Special standing at the bottom of the list. At Williamston, in Martin County, we made the variety test, the results of which are shown in Table IV. In this test the best varieties were Cook's Improved, Round Boll, and Culpepper's Improved, while the lowest yielders were Simpkins', Bank Account, and Brown No. 1. Table No. Y shows the results of the variety test at Whiteville, Colum- bus County. The best varieties at Whiteville were Russell Big Boll, Cook's Improved, and Morgan's Climax, while the lowest yielders were Bank Account, Webber, and Allen's Multiplier. The Bulletin. 25 All of the above tests were made in the coastal plains section and on soils of the JSTorfolk series with the exception of that made at Til- lery. Here the soil was a rather heavy silt loam soil found in the ancient flood plains of the Eoanoke River. There were a number of tests made in the piedmont section. Table Xo. YI shows the results of the work at Salisbury in Rowan County. Here the best yielders were Excelsior Prolific, Simpkins', and Lewis Long Staple, while the lowest yielders were Rosser No. 1, Allen's Multi- plier, and Culpepper's Improved. In Rutherford County, Morgan's Climax, Webber, and Thigpen's Prolific made the highest yields as shown in Table J^o. VII, while Summerour, Cook's Improved, and Simpkins' made the lowest records. At the Iredell Test Farm, Summerour, Lewis Long Staple and Cul- pepper's Improved made the best record as shown in Table 'No. VIII; while the lowest yields were made by Allen's Multiplier, Hawkins', and Shine's Early. Attention should be called to the unusually high per cent of lint made by some of these varieties during 1911. Those that made an unusually high per cent of lint were : Varieties. Per Cent Lint. Summerour (Iredell County) 48.5 Russell Big Boll (Iredell County) 41.6 Excelsior Prolific (Iredell County) 41.2 Toole ( Iredell County) 41.1 Bradbury's Improved (Iredell County) 40.6 Brown No. 1 41.2 Hawkins' (Rutherford County) 41.1 Simpkins' (Rutherford County) 40.7 Webber (Rutherford County) • 40.5 Summerour (Wayne County) 43.2 Morgan's Climax (Columbus County) 43.3 Excelsior Prolific (Columbus County) 40.3 Culpepper's Improved (Columbus County) 40.4 Tables IX and X show the compiled results of variety tests that have been in progress at the Edgecombe and Iredell Test Farms during several years past. While a great many varieties have been tested, a number of them were for one reason or another, in the tests of only one or two years, and it was not thought proper to admit them to the compiled tables. The last columns of these tables show the average yield in seed cotton during the years tested. 'No variety was admitted to the tables that was not tested as many as three years. THE BEST VARIETY. In case you have been careful in the selection and adaptation of your seed, we unhesitatingly say the best variety for you to use is the one you have developed on your own farm. By adaptation we mean the growing of the same variety on the same kind of land for a sufficient length of time to allow it to become adjusted to its soil and climate surroundings. 26 The Bulletin. Tlie varieties of cotton that have given good results in the' piedmont section during the past several years are King's Improved (native, that is, seed grown on the Test Farm), King's Improved, Russell Big Boll, Thigpen's Prolific, Simpkins' Prolific, and Brown ISTo. 1. Others have done well but these have been the leading varieties during the last four to six years. With the exception of the Russell Big Boll, these are all small boiled cottons of the Sugar Loaf or King type and seem to be adapted to the rather short growing season and the red clay soils of this part of the State. The varieties that made the highest yields at the Edgecombe Test Farm during the past four to nine years were the Webber, Hodge, Russell Big Boll, Edgeworth, Shine's Early, and Culpepper's Im- proved. NO. I— RESULTS OF VARIETY TESTS OF COTTON AT EDGECOMBE FARM IN 1910. . Variety GO Bradbury's Improved 313 Russell Big Boll 1 262 Cook's Improved 295 Hawkins 331 Climax 325 Toole's Early 323 Shine's Early 306 Brown No. 1 317 Mass. Improved _.. 327 Thigpen's Prolific 300 Edgemont 302 Lewis' Long Staple * 292 Sug&r Loaf... 272 Rosser No. 1 303 Williams 259 Ninety Day 305 King's Improved 338 Bank Account 264 Morgan's Climax 256 Exclesior 293 OS o 81.0 59.0 66.0 74.0 73.0 78.0 72.0 76.0 65.0 60.0 65.0 57.0 55.5 58.0 50.0 49.0 54 49.0 45.0 0 ■n " Per CO i-> Cent of 0 1 c -^ c j: is M-g ■^ -c |o 3 ; CB ^ 1480 1220 34 1140 37 1110 35 1160 32 1000 38 980 37 1080 32 980 36 900 28 Yield per Acre I 1620 ' 35 65 1180 49 51 1320 41 59 35 65 66 1400 34 1560 31 69 1440 33 67 1520 30 70 1300 36 1200 37 1300 34 64 63 63 65 68 62 63 68 64 72 567 578.2 541.2 518 496.4 483.6 475.2 456 468 448 424 421.8 385.5 371.2 380 362.6 345.6 352.8 252 1063 601.8 778.8 962 963.6 1076. 4 964.8 1064 832 752 858 (h u a> 0) »^ 0.3 ■S"" -0J3 •9^ hJ2 II t: « 0 « ots £ « 0 ^ 00 1^ r^ CO h^ CO r^ OS CO CO* jad paag aniB^ 0» panoj s CO CO K CD CO CD CD CO CO t^ CO o CO CO CO o OS Oi CO ge CO CO-»CDCDiO*OiO»OW3*0'^Tt<'^-^ r^ QO CO CO -^ ^H CO ^ ^ ^ **1* ^ ^ CO (V _ t. paag spuno^j CO O -^ (M O "^^ »— I ^ OSOCOcDCOCO-rt^C^liOOCOcOCOCOt^COOiOi— «JOOC^OOOOSCOOOSOOQOOSCOOS*— iQOt^CO spunoj CO ■It' t» CO COt~-^CD'^b-.OOCOI>-TtHt-COCVI(MCS'siioa-o>j 00 CO CO CD O) CO OO s s CO o OO g CO CO Oi OS GO OO OO CO -jaj q^m 9J3y spnno J ppi^ aioy J9d uonoQ p9ag spunoj pi9Tj^ COCOCOGOQOCCt^i-H»-ICO-COCS» o , C- CO CO CO »0 CO o CO -JD »0 IlO CO -^ -^ QO'-J^OOOOOOOCO i>-'^coot^coor^os COt— "-TfCOCOtOCO^Hi— t § CO s s § i s 03 CO ■>ll o cc U7 § c in CO p'nooag — ' ^B SJ(iB:^g JO ^qSiajj aSBjaAy No. Stalks Per Plat Tnno^ ' oocDTHOs-H^HOscoOit^OTjHoot^ooocot^o 4UllcJjJ OOCOOa^H^Ht^io-^OOOO^HOSeMCOCOCDCOOO [BniDy XjT COCOCO(NCOCOeOC4C^(NCOCO(M«COCOCOCOCOCO ^oajjaj JO j^ ■" o o o ir3 o o o »r3 s lO o o o in 03 > S CO bO a o »:pHHHuSHa3cqWSaHJ25«cBOW-<^ 28 The Bulletin. PP'A oi Suipjoooy 5{nBjj ♦-^C^Jr^'^tOOt^00C5O'-"C^CC'*»^Ot^X)0:O lad psag puB t^ t* b- CO eo «o pqsng t-- C^ CO Oi to -^ OS -^ C0i^00»—«QO00*—tC5OS punoj jad luji ani^A. CO CO CO paag spanoj CO C<1 s CO g QO o 05 00 Ci CD o CO s CO s s CD CO CO s i 05 CO C5 CO CO CO CD -^ CO ^ CO CO CO OS CO CM »0 CO CO CO C^l CO 1 i CO oo i 1— 1 spunoj CO .—I CO CO o CQ Oi Ci v: »0 CO OS CM s g CO o CM s CO CO 5 CO CO CO CD CO S CD CO 3 CO CO s ■* •9" PS 1^ H CO H >^ H H o H O Y O TIOMOQ paag spunoj oOl ui paag spunoj 00 CD CO CO CO •* S CM § OS 00 C-1 t^ cc CO CD OS CO XT) CO CM OS CD W3 g CD CO CO t* g CO U0J103 paag spunoj ooi UI ^ui'j spunoj n CO CO CO c^i CO 00 CO CO CM OO CM i-H CO CO OS o CO to CM oc o CO ci CM CD CM CO OS CO CO oo CM CO OS CM OS o CO uonoQ paag punoj auQ ajjBjvo^siioa-Oi^ - 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -ioj Ml'Ai ajov* spanoj pjatA C^COCMiiOiOiOCOTt*COtOCOTt-CMiOO>-iOt^ Oi0'^C0t^'^t0-^C0'^OO«0C^l0SC0CSTt«»0C0 '-«'— 'OiOOSCOOOO'^'— 'OOCOt^C>t^r^CO»OOOCD iOCOCOCJCMC'lCMCOC^COCMCMCMCOCMCMCMCOC^ICM • ajoy o o CO c^ o ->1< -i< (M CO CO CO oo (M -K C-J r:^ CM -1< ^ CO jad uo^iOQ paog CO s o CO C3 Ci g o o o CO s o> C5 s s CT o spunoj piav^^ c^ »-l •"* ..-J t-4 C^l c^ CN '"' ^^ '"' •^ s3ni5ioij g s C^ 03 CC g K g C3 CD S §g 1^ S i COrS ■^ J- 1 Sunjoij PmJL \ - - - - — — - 'Id Po otton Sui^OIJ puooag SursjoTj A'^ljn^BJlJ COCOCOOCOC^COCOCDCOCO- to »— t r^ to t^ lO oo CO CO CM CM CD »— 1 t- »-l r- OS IBn^oyAg 1 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Cs» CM CO pUB^g ■^ "^ --t* '■:t< "^ -^ ■^ ^ ■^ -t* ■*t* "^ '^t* ■-t* ^ Tf 'Tt* -^ -^ ■^ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o CD o ^oajjaj ao^ »o »o »o "0 »c iCi i-O ^ iC iO lO >o »o lO "' o iC lO o >o 03 > •^ s CO y o a Pi -L. n " 3 .2 C ^ to O C3 " U U i^ P3 CQ a 3 O _: "o. . O -H> >. ffl M bO 0 o •J . H pa o •~ 3 X Pi o E - o o Coo X O H C3 O ■3 12; P< o ^ ^ T3 e 3 o a a o The BrLLETiN". 29 VWA oi Suipjoooy ijuFy aaoy jsd paag puB pqsng ■e ogj ^B a jay jad paag aniB^v — * c-i re ^f •^ l^ X C5 O — C-l CC Tj- L'i :0 t^ X' OS o pnnoj jad %nvi an[B^\ Ci ^ __ -V* O: fO ^^ OS o o ■J^! , ,^ CO ^^ CD '-r CI y:: '» '— ' Cs oc lO Oi t-» CO oc t^ r^ c^ o -* -* T-l O rjT r- ,^ •o O CO _^ »-i o OS CD 00 00 t>- t^ t* t^ b- t^ t- t^ o to CO CO CD *o lO lO iO ^ Oi ■*!< cq on ^_, lO a> »f5 iri r^ r>- on CT> lO on Oi *— 1 CO i-H t>» o CO cc to ir^ oo iCi CI -^ t- oo ■^ OS CD r* 00 o O^MOi— Tj* r* o oo oc ■^CQOscsr^c^c;'— "Osc».'rt*CO^HOOO <— i»Ot— ■^CCI>-r^OCOCOCOO»OGO'-»»OCS'-'iO(M cc'Tf'McocMfMi— "Cocvjc^'-HOiO'— 'OOsr-ooor^ spunoj -^ r^ o to ilO CD t>- -^ OS en t^ C-l — o ;D CO -,0 (M O .-" OS "M C^ ^ -Tf CO CO •— ' c*i •— ' Cti iC lO lO *o »c to ■^ t-- CO T puB^g ■\:i^^ -aaj qiiJi aaoy jad uo^jo'q paag spunoj pjai^ ajoy jad noi^OQ paag epanoj ppiA g IbVox toioiO'-HcO'^ocqcoooscsit^c^i^Hc^ioooom ^HOOiOOOOMt-ICOOC'iJ't^l^OOO^t^QOOOO ^H^HOiOoootooiooooco-^iot^wa-^jfeflCd-"* d Cott Plat ■p-tiqx "Id See Per p'uooag — — — i>H ■ ■JSJl J IB SJlJBlg JO 'mSiau aSBjaAy No. Stalks Per Plat ■junoQ puBig (joajjaj jo^ W3 kC 1 > o as la! a o o w Pi £ ^ a a a ' X OS ^ 2 -w o c o) W ^ M M O J _ 2 S M -r* "iu a> i2 ■3 Pi o a 'Z c3 Qj n — i^ a 3 o <-3 fSKn^CiSKSr-K^H a S w « m oQ a 3 o a a 03 o 20 The Bulletin. •J t— I > a i» H W o Eh H o O 3uipjO30y ^n^H ajoy jad paag puB laqsng ■B ogg ^B ajoy jad paag aniB^y ^ punO(j B OQI ^B aaoy jad 'iuyj anjBA --'MtfO'<1 co»-^ooo3t^eo«ou5e<5cce^^HO>oaoo«o GO CO IM -* CO CO 00 CO CO Ci ■* 1— « CO CO 00 CO 03 CO CO ■^ CO CO CO CO CO c^ CO c^ CO CO - CO CO CO c^ CO r~* .-« o C-1 00 t>- r^ »o ■«5* CO 00 C^C^C^C^OJC^C^C^C^MfMC^-^i-Hi-tT-tT-i paag spunoj s to O CQ (M 00 "-^ O to CO to iO »— ' O .-• ^ lO CO ^J* ^J* ^ ^J* a5-i* us M >o to OS eo W3 •« at CO s CO »o s 3 «o s § 3 s s Oi U5 to s s to £ CO I^ CO r* ■* CO 00 CO CO CO ■o 00 lO ■* - t^ lO to 1— 1 CO t^ »!^ "O CO CO CO CO UOMOQ paag puno J auQ ajlBj^o^jsjiog-ox ^ puBig loaj -joj M^i-tt ojoy jad uo^i^oQ paag spgnoj pia;A ajoy jad uo'>')03 paag spunoj piaiA e3ai5ioij OC0COiOt*-C5000>0>, 00»O**tOa to ■^ ■* •* •* ■4< a o o ^y!^5(Mto^*"#iOt^O^O»COO XiTjnjBj^ ;b s>jiB;g JO ^qgiajj aSBjaAV °(2 ^unoo OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO cocococococococococococoeococococococo o>05oot^O(Mi^'-"C0'*m'-'0>C000iM<3>t-C = 0) C3 O > fl « 2 := m 5 -"> o o g £ o 03 o S M m 03 o ^ Si Oh "o) >1 3 s - .- W "I a I •^ J ■^ i; o 6 ft m 0< Z - ft (U > a o — <5 1^ 2 5 :S H W < ^ 03 T3 0 3 O ft "ft la o ►J The Bulletin. 31 ^^C^CC-^*^?0t^X!0iO^^MCCTj*»0«OI^0C0iO CP HH < CO 02 W H >< H Pi t •z o H H O O O 2: 9I0V J8d paag puB jaqsng ■B ocj; ^B ajoy jad psag an[BA pnnoj o o» s s ?5 C5 CO rt* GO CO GO 05 05 CD M M* CO CO CO CO CV| 00 CO C*3 CO CO CO CO CO o CO cs oo UO 03 g t^ s CO CO CD o OS 00 CO § Cq OO 00 T-t UO CO CO s ■* -^ Tt> ■* ira \n lO -**< CO ■<*< -^ ■>JI ■* CO CO co CO CO ''^ 0»OOOCO-^COt--0^0.-'GOOO«C''— •COC5»-"0^0 g § § to o 1— < g o CO s CO oo o CO CO »— 1 CO oo CO CO CO CO o o CO s CO CO OS CI OS OS oo 00 CM CO CO CO CO CO C<1 CO c^ oo o o o ^1 t- 00 r<- a> cq i-H lO CO CO CO lO *— t t^ CO •* (M o> IM t^ CO s t^ s g 55 5S CO CO CO § s g CO CO CO g fe oo CO CO CO CM s eo C^J eo i-H 00 OS W5 t* ^* -^ lO OS CO t» CO 00 1— 1 oo eo 00 CO CO 00 ^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 CO ^ CO CO CO CO eo CO cOOCOI>-t^OSCOt-» o r> lO (-> lO ^ ^ o in lO in in c-> <-) in in in rs C-3 lO o o •* CO CO CO (N t^ 1^ 1^ 3 leVox puooag 3nT3J0T 05 a> <» CO > M o <^ <; t; r-i fc o M n = w >'" ■S = ■> «i « O 9 ^ Z '" "^ ° bC ts . a 3 ° 3 2 Z => I P 1 1 = ^ I ° :a I § I § T3 > O u a 3 o OQ ~ o T3 a 3 o a CI o h4 32 The Bulletin. o H Q es o PS a H H « >^ Eh p:5 Z O H H O ^ i-i d 3utpjoooy J[UBy -^c^cc-'j^io^ot^aooao^-ojeo-^iccot^QOOi^ 8J0V jad paag puB -^ -^ t^ laqsng jad paag s^ib^ to-*"«*<-«**^-^'^«*«ccc*5i:oi:ococc'^c^c en u^ flO CD »o o o Ci h- b- •a U5 >o W3 o •^ >o ■<*< -<*" CO '^ '^ ■^ '^ '*}« ''J* CO CO 03 s i-> •*t< o O ^ (-1 ■^ CO o CO CO rM s JCOi-HOJMCoajjaj joj ■^* ^* ■^* ^' ^t ^1 ^t ^^ ^7^ ^"^ ^r ^^t* -rf -rf -rr > o m 'a a u O -0 > o O 1-1 fl a Z — S S ^^ t- > • 5 .SP £• Eg -g o 0) J3 3 o « o S: H O 2i K H ■ _: o- a) M M (U m 6 c o C3 "SI c O 55,4W ffl a ^ S < > o tn o S O 3 U -/2 T3 3 O a a OD ex c o ►4 The Bulletin. 33 PPTA o? Snipjooov JjoBy ^H 05 CO ■«# U5 eo t^ ajoy jad paag puB 00 05 o ^^ ca CO -^ w5 to r^ 00 oi o ni'j an^B^ P89g spuno.,-it^C^C^O(M»C-^ qoc^oOt-hoof- i»-i':ooooo^or-oooiOor^O'— iic-^cor^ ■^COCO^CO'^Tt^COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOTt^'^COCOCOCO p39g punoj auQ asfBjv o^ snog -o^ ■^ 'I** 1-< *-« CO t>. c^ t^ C^ -^ !>. t^ t- OS t» t^ CO -J9J q^iM ajoy J8d uo'^ioQ paag epnno J ppt^ ■^1S 0 us us us us ■-. 0 r> »o <-> in m 0 S3nT3(DlJ[ Ui cq C4 »o t^ us CJ Cv) CM US 10 iO r- iC (N t^ io Cotton lat 01 t~- f^ CO r^ CO CO 1^ ■* CO CO ^H 0 00 on OS CO CM ,_4 ■>»« •V U5 •0 10 us US us XS us us us us ■<»< ■<)< ^ ■^ •<** •<** ■^ ■^ CO 3ur5{oij[ ' g 10 g s s g g 0 UO W3 g p-iiqx ^ ^ CO IM *-4 a> rtl CO «-H IM r^ CO o ir> 0 us us <-) <-> irt 3ai5(oi(j (M cq 10 c^ CI 10 iO CM pUO09g CO r^ on 0 ira r^ CO ■* 00 0 0 CO »-< OS h- CO (-> ield cq M M c<> (M CO ^^ T-l (M *— < CM ^-t « 0 »o us us us 0 JH 3aiT[Dij C< MS t~ CS| <-. ^_, CO , CO 00 1—1 ns m in m s i-H CO »— 1 o> 00 10 on us 00 00 1^ N 10 CO r^ Yen%OY j?g -^ •^ •>»< "(J* ^ ■>}< ■* ■^ •<»" ■^ ■«i< ■^ •^ ■* -<*( ^ ^ ^ CO -^ ^ ■^ puB^g ! •* ■o< ■* -1< •^ •* ■^ •^ •* ■* •^ ■* ■^ ■!(< -^ ■^ t« IM ) CM (-o 0 10 in us us us us us US 10 lO 10 iC to 10 w5 ^ > ■d 01 O Oi O. _! ^ S o . „ cc i-H PQ la "o -at. M o PL,

.5 o o g- o 5; . o aj a) ° ° fi -J " - m ^ hS I a ._ 2 > T3 t. ft "! ^ S ^^ O 3£33c3xo0.aj5dooo.5aj22a)3 C3 3 C3 ^ a s o p. "a 03 CI o 34 The Bulletin. uo-noQ pass JO spnno J ni UAiOJO SiBaJ^ JOJ 33ej3Ay CO to to i 05 o CO to o CO 1— » CO OO CO OS to to c^ to Ci to o oc 00 CO OO c^ CO to CO »o OS o i OO o sionpoij iB^ox }0 M ^ 1 :-° ; t* 1 OO 1 pasg JO spnnod ni ppi^ i o 1 OO 1 too ■ ;gg ; o ! ■^ 1 ■^ 1 o 1 ■o ■ 03 scionpojj lB*ox P 1 ; 1—1 I— 1 a> paag JO spano 1 CO 1 t* ift lO to <0 lO lO 1 1 iO C^J 00 t^ 05 05 Cq t ' t^ lo r--^ CO 05 o c^ 1 1 W3 t~^ CO CO CO 00 CO 1 1 C3 O O ^H -fj* cq C* CO 00 2g 2 CO CO I e«l •* IM CO CO M CD ii^^coootooooco ■ ■»J is :: « CO OS o c- H 1-t 1.H 1- i 1 a 1 H i 3 I H 1 O •T3 09 > P i ^ P '■ T3 ; ^ ■ o ■ t« 3 e 3 a'- 3 > 3. ^ H . 5 t r ; PQ < i.s? ' " P3 3 m'- ^ '-^ ' S3 3 c u « > •' - c ' 2 1 J 3 3 1 i 6 3 '■ s . a- 3 3 3 3, -J 3 ' 1 I = ; f= ; c I) I 1 \ 1 3 3 3 n S I; H . li J ■3 r q : a ' o . 2 1 ; , c [ i c 1 n 3 3 ' S 5 f 6 ^ 2 - a 1- 0 u a B m a • c3 - a 3 c J h n d 3 D. ■ B 3 (0 O n The Bulletin. 35 (-> W Q PS Z c O O O CQ OQ W > O 02 03 Q h:i t— t o o d 9J3V ■I^'J noMOQ paag jo spunoj ui UJAOJQ BJBa^\ aoj s3BJ3Ay CD CO o 1^ CO 1 CO CO -^jl CO t^ 't i OO 05 OS CO i CO 00 CO ci CO CO LO 00 cC o CM CD »D CO OS i s^onpojj iB^ox JO OS 1 ■* 1 1 CO 1 1-H 00 iC -H o o ^ T-i (N CM *-i 1 ° 9JDV Jsd uoMOO o • paag JO spunoj ni pjajA " — ; s '; : O 1 O 1 if3 O W5 »« O U5 t~- CO OO 1^ OO OS 00 00 o s'jonpojj iB^ox JO „ 8iHBj\ 01 Sujpjoooy TjnB'jj ed I 1 00 1 O 1 O ] ID 1 00 »D ''^^ 1-H ^H t-H . ajDV Jad no MOO ; g ; paag JO epunod; ni ppi^ '^ : o 1 CO • O ' CO 1 CO ' 1—1 1 CO ' ID ' CO 1 ■* 1 »— 1 1 CM 00 OS i-i CO CO 1-H I— 1 ft i sionpojj 1^10 X JO aniBA O'J Snipjoooy inBg 1—1 ■«j" r- c 1 ts 1 T}4 1-t 1 OS t- 1 P5 \Q 1— 1 »^ 8jay aad no^iOQ paag JO e;)unoox JO ,^ « ; i§c= S"S2S22:"'" ; paag JO spunod; u; pptA § ^ 1 OO CO 1 CO t^ 1 S d °. «. ^. c0 1-H 1— t «-H »-H I— ( t— 1 1 o s^onpojd; iB^ox jo 1 „ ^ an|BjV o!j Snipjooov Jin^H CD CO I »— 1 •^ t^ lO 00 CO 04 ID 1 "= ajov -lad no^^oQ i ^^ o paag JO spnno J ut ppiA S S CO O lO o »« o o O OS OS OO »o O CO kO CD CO CO CO s • j.' E^onpojj iTj'jox JO •* M O O »0 CO IT 00 CO Od »— 1 ajoy jad uomoq ^^ ^^ paag JO spuno J nt ppi^ g g CO -^ lO ■* CO ^ CO CO OO r^ t^ o -*** -^ CO OS CO CO I^- 05 Oi C4 CD 00 § s s t~ en 00 r-i S^onpojJ l^^OX JO eg-Ht^oo — to-HMOOen an|BA 0^ Sntpaoooy jiob^ '^ *^ '^ "^ 1 o •« ajoy jad no^'joo o'dusoooioomwo paag JO spuno J ut ppi^ gSSSKSSSSSSS § 1— t s'jonpojj I'B'jox JO anpA. 01 Sntpjoaoy j^u^y ^ c^ CO ta -^ fo txi ajoy jad no^ioo d .« o o «^ "o o paag JO epunod ni pjaiA S S S S S ^Si § I 1 g^onpoj^ IB^ox JO aniBA. o* Suipjoooy jju'B'jj ajoy lad uo'jioo paag JO spnnO(j ni piaj,;^ i s^onpojj lu^ox JO an^BA 01 Sntpjoooy 5[U'bij ajoy jad noiioQ paag JO spnnojj nt p^ai^ 1 1 ■d 1 .2 > 1 Si c e T c t5 □ i 3 0 ~ » c 3 ^ o M ! "c ; P- il 3 (i y t. c I It 1 "^ . c 1 t- ' c 1 ^ J c c c ) 0 3 3 3 T : 9 c 0 C Si - i 3, 1 p: ^ 15 J 1 J c 5 p ! c M 5 P ' c : "i I I } 0 5-1 3 S 3 . 3 a 1 en I "a 3 E-i 36 The Bulletin. SOURCES OF SEED OF VARIETIES TESTED IN 1911. Cotton Source op Seed 1. Rosser No. 1 Hastings Seed Co ..Atlanta, Ga. 2. Thigpen'a Prolific R. L. Thigpen Mildred, N. C. 3. Dean's Special A. B. Deans Wilson, N. C. 4. Morgan's Climax T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va. 5. Culpepper's Improved ' J. E. Culpepper Luthersville, Ga. 6. Hartsville, No. 7... Coker Seed Farm Hartsville, S. C. 7. Bank Account Hastings Seed Co Atlanta, Ga. 8. Toole W. W. Toole Augusta, Ga., R. 4. 9. Webber Coker Seed Farm Hartsville, S. C. 10. Lewis Long Staple E. P. Lewis Gastonia, N. C. 11. Allen's Multiplier C.M.Thomas ..Clayton, N. C. 12. Shine's Early J. A. Shine Faison, N. C. 13. Brown, No. 1 M. L. Brown Decatur, Ga. 14. Hawkins B. W. Hawkins Nona, Ga. 15. Bradbury's J. E. Bradbury Athens, Ga. 16. Russell Big Boll T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va. 17. Cook's Improved J. R. Cook ...EUaville, Ga. 18. Excelsior Prolific Excelsior Seed Farm ..Cheraw, S. C. 19. Simpkins' W. A. Simpkins .Raleigh, N. C. 20. Summerour - H. H. Summerour Duluth, Ga. LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR JANUARY, 1912. Pounds sold for producers, first hand 9,350,220 Pounds sold for dealers • • • • 454,848 Pounds resold for warehouses 625,181 Total 10,429,749 THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE •' •I'k Rmi-.-. h. By ■ Vol. 33, No. 3. MARCH, 1912. Whole No. 165. I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS— FALL SEASON, 1911. II. REGISTRATION OF FERTILIZERS. PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. / ENTERED AT THE EALEIGH POST-OFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MAIL MATTER. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A.' Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter Fairfield First District. K. W. Barnes __.Lucama Second District. R. L. WooDARD Pamlico Third District. I. H. Kearney Franklinton - -Fourth District. R. W. Scott -.. Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McCALLtTM.. Red Springs Sixth District. J. P. McRae ...Laurinburg -..'. Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District. W. J. Shuford Hickory Ninth District. A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner. ELIAS CARR ...Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. Pescud - - ...Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn --. - Bulletin Clerk. B. VV. KILGORE -- ...State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. PiCKEL. -. Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood .-. Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNider - Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley Assistant Chemist. E. L. WoRTHEN - - Soil Investigations. •W. E. Hearn .-..Soil Survey. W. H. Strowd. Assistant Chemist. J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist. E. W. Thornton --- Assistant Chemist. J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist. S. O. Perkins - - Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch -.. Clerk. F. S. PucKETT ..Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum. T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist. Z. P. Metcalf - Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN ---- - Veterinarian. B. B. Flowe Second Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. EATON - -- Dairyman. L. A. HiGGlN'S ...Assistant Dairyman. R. W. Grabber Assistant Dairyman. W. N. HUTT. Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw ..Assistant Horticulturist. O. M. Clark Second Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER Demonstrator and Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray Assistant Demonstrator. W. M. ALLEN --•- Pure Food Chemist. W. A. Smith Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN -.. ....Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS Agronomist. G. M. Garren.. .Assistant Agronomist. tE. G. MOSS Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tE. H. Mathewson Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work. T. F. Parker . Assistant Boys' Corn Club Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. Collett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. •Assigned by the Bureau of SoOs, United States Department of Agriculture. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. Raleigh, 'N. C, February 15, 1912. Sir: — I submit herewith analyses of fertilizers made in the labora- tory of samples collected during the past fall. These analyses show fertilizers to be about as heretofore, and to be, generally, what was claimed for them. I recommend that it be issued as the March Bulletin. Very respectfully, B. "W. KiLGORE, State Chemist. To Hon. William A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture. I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS— FALL SEASON, 1911. Bx B. W. KILGORE, W. G. HAYWOOD, J. M. PICKEL, J. Q. JACKSON and W. H. STROWD. The analyses presented in this Bulletin are of samples collected by the fertilizer inspectors of the Department, under the direction of the Commissioner of Agriculture, during the fall months of 1911. They should receive the careful study of every farmer in the State vs^ho uses fertilizers, as by comparing the analyses in the Bulletin with the claims made for the fertilizers actually used, the farmer can know by or before the time fertilizers are put in the ground whether or not they . contain the fertilizing constituents in the amounts they were claimed to be present. ^ TERMS USED IN ANALYSES. Water-soluhle Phosphoric Acid. — Phosphate rock, as dug from the mines, mainly in South Carolina, Florida, and Tennessee, is the chief source of phosphoric acid in fertilizers. In its raw, or natural state, the phosphate has three parts of lime united to the phosphoric acid (called by chemists tri-calcium phosphate). This is very insoluble in water and is not in condition to be taken up readily by plants. In order to render it soluble in water and fit for plant food, the rock is finely ground and treated with sulphuric acid, which acts upon it in such a way as to take from the three-lime phos- phate two parts of its lime, thus leaving only one part of lime united to the phosphoric acid. This one-lime phosphate is what is known as water-soluble phosphoric acid. Reverted Phosphoric Acid. — On long standing some of this water- soluble phosphoric acid has a tendency to take lime from other sub- stances in contact with it, and to become somewhat less soluble. This latter is known as reverted or gone-back phosphoric acid. This is thought to contain two parts of lime in combination with the phos- phoric acid, and is thus an intermediate product between water-soluble and the original rock. Water-soluble phosphoric acid is considered somewhat more valuable than reverted, because it becomes better distributed in the soil as a con- sequence of its solubility in water. Available Phosphoric Acid is made up of the water-soluble and re- verted ; it is the sum of these two. Water-soliihle Ammonia. — The main materials furnishing ammonia in fertilizers are nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, cotton-seed meal, dried blood, tankage, and fish scrap. The first two of these (nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia) are easily soluble in water and be- come well distributed in the soil where plant roots can get at them. 6 The Bulletin. They are, especially the nitrate of soda, ready to be taken up by plants, and are therefore quick-acting forms of ammonia. It is mainly the ammonia from nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia that will be designated under the heading of water-soluble ammonia. Organic Ammonia. — The ammonia in cotton-seed meal, dried blood, tankage, fish scrap, and so on, is included under this heading. These materials are insoluble in water, and before they can feed plants they must decay and have their ammonia changed, by the aid of the bacteria of the soil, to nitrates, similar to nitrate of soda. They are valuable then as plant food in proportion to their content of ammonia, and the rapidity with which they decay in the soil, or rather the rate of decay, will determine the quickness of their action as fertilizers. With short season, quick-growing crops, quickness of action is an important consideration, but with crops occupying the land during the greater portion, or all, of the growing season, it is better to have a fertilizer that will become available more slowly, so as to feed the plant till maturity. Cotton-seed meal and dried blood decompose fairly rapidly, but will last the greater portion, if not all, of the growing season in this State. While cotton seed and tankage will last longer than meal and blood, none of these act so quickly, or give out so soon, as nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia. Total Ammonia is made up of the water-soluble and organic ; it is the sum of these two. The farmer should suit, as far as possible, the kind of ammonia to his different crops, and a study of the forms of ammonia as given in the tables of analyses will help him to do this. VALUATIONS. To have a basis for comparing the values of different fertilizer mate- rials and fertilizers, it is necessary to assign prices to the three valuable constituents of fertilizers — ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash. These figures, expressing relative value per ton, are not intended to rep- resent crop-producing power, or agricultural value, but are estimates of the commercial value of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash in the materials supplying them. These values are only approximate (as the costs of fertilizing materials are liable to change, as other commercial products are), but they are believed to fairly represent the cost of mak- ing and putting fertilizers on the market. They are based on a careful examination of trade conditions, wholesale and retail, and upon quota- tions of manufacturers. Relative value per ton, or the figures showing this, represents the prices on board the cars at the factory, in retail lots of five tons or less, for cash. To make a complete fertilizer the factories have to mix together in proper proportions materials containing ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash. This costs something. For this reason it is thought well to The Bulletin. 7 have two sets of valuations — one for the raw or unmixed materials, such as acid phosphate, kainit, cotton-seed meal, etc., and one for mixed fertilizers. The values used last season were : VALUATIONS FOR 1911. In Unmixed or Raw Materials. For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4 cents per pound. For phosphoric acid in bone meal, basic slag, and Pe- ruvian guano 31/^ cents per pound. For nitrogen 19% cents per pound. For potash 5 cents per pound. In Mixed Fertilisers. For phosphoric acid 4i/^ cents per pound. For nitrogen 21 cents per pound. For potash 5i/^ cents per pound. HOW RELATIVE VALUE IS CALCULATED. In the calculation of relative value it is only necessary to remember that so many per cent means the same number of pounds per hundred, and that there are twenty hundred pounds in one ton (2,000 pounds). With an 8-2-1.65 goods, which means that the fertilizer contains avail- able phosphoric acid 8 per cent, potash 2 per cent, and nitrogen 1.65 per cent, the calculation is made as follows : 8 pounds available phosphoric acid at 4i^ cents. . . 0.36 X20= $ 7.20 2 pounds potash at 5^1 cents 0.11 X20= 2.20 1.65 pounds nitrogen at 21 cents 0.347x20= 6.94 Total value 0.817X20= $16.34 Freight and merchants' commission must be added to these prices. Freight rates from the seaboard and manufacturing centers to interior points are given in the following table. The Bulletin. Freight Rates from the Seaboard to Interior Points. — From the Published Rates of the Associated Railways of Virginia and the Carolinas. In car-loads, of not less than ten tons each, per ton of 2,000 pounds. Less than car-loads, add 20 per cent. Destination. From Wilmington, N. C. From Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va. From Charleston, S. C. From Richmond, Va. $3.20 2.70 3.20 4.00 2.95 2.65 2.48 3.85 1.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.70 2.00 2.80 3.60 2.10 1.60 1.80 2.85 3.12 2.10 1.80 2.96 2.00 3.00 3.20 3.00 2.88 3.00 2.10 1.90 1.90 2.72 2.95 1.60 3.05 3.00 2.60 1.80 3.44 3.36 2.55 3.20 2.30 1.25 3.68 3.04 2.77 2.60 2.40 2.56 3.00 2.10 2.20 3.28 3.28 3.05 3.25 2.10 2.10 2.90 2.60 2.20 3.50 2.95 2.30 2.90 2.30 3.00 3.05 1.50 2.65 2.95 2.00 3.00 $3.20 $3.40 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.90 2.85 3.63 3.40 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.40 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.60 3.20 2.40 3.00 3.80 3.12 2.10 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.55 3.20 3.40 2.68 3.40 3.50 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.85 3.40 3.20 2.70 4.00 3.40 2.50 3.80 3.40 3.95 3.20 3.55 3.00 4.10 2.20 3.40 3.40 3.80 3.40 3.40 3.60 3.05 3.20 3.40 3.20 3.90 3.80 3.20 3.60 3.80 3.00 3.40 2.50 3.40 4.10 3.20 2.25 3.85 3.20 3.40 $3.20 3.00 Asheboro _ _ 3.20 4.00 3.20 3.20 2.86 3.60 3.00 3.00 2.40 3.60 3.20 3.00 2.80 2.83 3.20 2.60 3.80 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.50 2.80 3.00 3.00 2.83 3.60 3.08 2.88 3.00 2.80 2.40 3.40 3.60 3.00 3.60 3.00 3.00 3.20 3.40 2.40 3.20 3.60 3.40 2.90 1.75 3.20 2.83 3.25 3.. 30 3.00 2.83 2.96 3.00 2.50 2.80 3.20 3.65 3.20 3.00 2.80 3.60 3.60 2.80 3.20 2.83 2.40 3.60 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.00 1.75 1.90 2.60 3.00 3.20 Asheville 4.00 Chapel Hill 3.20 Charlotte - 3.20 2.80 3.63 Clinton 3.00 Creedmoor . 3.00 Cunningham 2.40 Dallas - 3.60 Davidson College _ 3.20 3.00 Dunn 2.80 Durham __ 2.83 Elkin 3.20 Elm Citv - 2.60 Fair Bluff 3.80 Fayetteville _ 3.00 Forestville 3.06 Gastonia - -- -- 3.25 Gibson 3.50 Goldsboro ._ 2.80 3.00 Hamlet _ 3.00 2.83 Hickory 3.60 High Point- 3.08 Hillsboro 2.88 Kernersville - _ 3.00 Kinston 2.80 Laurel Hill 3.40 Laurinburg 3.40 Liberty Louisburg Lumberton Macon Madison Matthews Maxton Milton Mocksville ..- Morven . 3.60 3.00 3.60 3.00 3.00 3.20 3.40 2.40 3.20 3.60 Mount Airy Kash ville New Bern . 3.40 2.90 1.75 Norwood ».- Oxford Pineville Pittsboro . 2.23 2.83 3.20 3.30 Polkton --. Raleigh - Reidsville. Rockingham Rockv Mount.- Ruffin Rural Hall- 3.00 2.83 2.36 3.00 2.50 2.20 3.20 Rutherfordton Salisbury Sanford Selma Shelby 3.65 3.20 3.00 2.80 3.60 3.60 Smithfield 2.80 Statesville 3.20 Stem Tarboro Waco Wadesboro - - 2.83 2.40 3.60 3.00 Walnut Cove Warrenton --- Warsaw 3.00 3.25 3.00 1.50 Weldon WUson Winston-Salem.. 1.90 2.60 3.00 The Bulletin. XioiaBj ^■B nox -lad r- 1 o. m I 02 o O o K ££■ '>^ I-- -< 8 •qsB^oj[ P^ox •■Braoratny o^ inaiB-imbg; IB^ox § a o o f 0 •uaSoj^ifj; otwbS'iq •naSojijf^ ajqnjos -ja^BAi §3 Ph •ppV oijoqdsoqj ajq'BiT'BAY -a "5. S s 2 oi P9 s 3 si •a n s fa Q fa •aaqtnnj^ Aj0:(BJ0qB'J CO o <* CO •^ ■«J< ei (M CO -ri en '^ 66 OO •^ !>. CO CM ■* n lO ■^ in CO CO r^ to i>- CO 00 b^ CO r* ^ o o o o ?3 <0 s o o ■^ § CO o 3 co s rt4 CO CO § 00 CM C^ «o CO CO CM T ■* CM c^ C^ T— " CS CM 04 M s s Oi 1^ en o § g § '* - O s CO CO o o - ^~ *"" *" ^^ ""^ "" ^^ CM ^ CJ N ^' 0 3 3 ' = 0 >> c: s. 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CJ s O u 9 U lO CO OS O 14 The Bulletin. •Xjo^ob^ ^■B uox J9d eniBA. 9A;;'B[a')j C5 1—1 o < xfi < S3 H Pi fa 1-1 < I— I o o fa o fa PH < o o 0) p. si u o a o o. a o O a •qsB?o o in r- O) OS 0 -H OS C3 •-* r- (M CI 1— CI *-< ^ CO CO T— CM «» o o CO ^ t* 1^ o CO 0 CO § s 0 00 • o ■* rt o 03 eo o o> c CO 0 0 ■ T- "^ -H CM cs T- CM *~ f ■<*< CD C4 t^ r^ 1 lO o CO o 00 oo ■O CM c- t^ in f-H 0 eo 0 t^ ■* o CO lO r« r- c 05 01 CO -1 10 0 ea e< CI CO OS 1-H 1 ^^ 1-1 "^ '"' CM " '"' o ■^ or o •«f o O eo a M< 0 •^ 0 0 0 00 S ■* o ■* a U5 a 00 o t-- CO 0 1^ o: o o- a> o- o o> o 0 0 a C) CO CO CM CI ^ a JO \ 1 la ! s. \ > 2 p CI ^ u* 1 3 . 0 ' > 8 I o c 1 c F! .a GO ■a a a 3 -0 1 g3 i .d .c ' c 9 o 0 A 0 O C 1 s w O S 0 : H 1 ■2 ; 3 a a 5 5 m 1 ^ CQ w 0 1 s 09 [3 a 0 s d 0 o u it o 0 3 0 : ^a &; S5 CO d ^ s ;3 CT Ed "3 3 S tn 0 ' 'x.^ ; Ml, . 3 0 ' a 1 Hi 73 1 i i So ; sa a 0 a ■pa a 0 a < 09 Ph Q < m 0 pa 1 u J & oi ; d 5? T) ;2 ; !S d s d 0 a" U 2 £ i 12; i 0 ^ ^ i 0 a 0 O a 2 "a fl d la -m' 1 05 1 15 n d TO 2 a 1 i 0 2 3 a e E 09 •o c a c c 1 1 a u •a c 6 0 s s B C 1 1 to .2 0 c 1 *« 0 •0 c i 0 3 .0 'a 01 c E « 0 ■0 c Baugh & Sons Co. and claiming •< . 03 . a> 0 a>^ 00 m CO 00 CQ 00 CO oo .-< rsi CO CO T-» 0 OS ^ CO C4 r^ s s r: m re 1-1 0 o C3 o —I 05 oa OS 0 0 »— 1 The Bulletin. 15 S »-i (M i-H C^ F-t -^ ^ O ^ *-H 1-H c-i ^ ^- 4.00 4.20 3.12 3.76 2.60 3.84 3.79 3.91 4.26 3.93 2.91 4.13 3.90 3.66 3.99 2.00 1.81 2.08 1.92 1.96 .99 2.14 2.16 2.33 S ^ i : i i i i ; : i ; i i : : i i : : : ; i i i ; «j M • 1 ] I ; ] ; ; ; j j ; j ; j ; j ; ; ; ; ; ; 1 S ° i i i ; ; ; i i i i ; i i : i ; i ; i i i ; i i *^ "^ ' ' ' I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I ! I I 1 1 ! I I 1 , I 1 1 1 1 1 f 1 1 ( 1 1 1 I 1 1 ) t 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' o ' • ' ' : ! 1 ! : ; ! ! I ; I ! ! ! ; I ! ! ! ; • CO I s (M 00 (M E; .—1 o CO CO 03 00 00 o oo 00 CO oo oo o o CO o o o t I a o a o « "3 S a < -a at 3 to 3 m t2 S t. o d O en a o CO =3 j3 bO 3 m 13 3 O ^ O o K <) ^ C tf <=i a CQ I a o o o ;! g o a bO 3 ■a o o O 3 o Ph a C3 01 a o o O s .a o ptl o s. o J3 O « o ■*^ bt O 03 bO O O a c3 -*^ ■*^ O o m o 03 m 6 O a O :5 S a Q a o PQ c3 _m ^ O O (k CM fe 03 3 " o bO 02 o j3 o3 ® O _ ■>-o-9 ro c3 o3 ^ .2 I i 3 _« 'C b« <-6 d o aj OJ OJ o o O bO d d « •a a d o PQ -a ID > 03 d o P9 d oJ o o a o u o 2 O 03 u o d 03 d '3 O bCJ d -;ii o °- "2 d x.!" d O-w^ d c3 • O .d^fe-^ E— a) > OT, =s 2 Qo -.J tn SCO. 2 o > o d o bO d I d U o d 3 o 03 03 > 6 O o d 03 3 o 01 o 03 > 13 a o a .d u d O o d 03 3 o T3 0 o 03 > O 12; d O o d c3 3 O a "3 I d o o O o a C3 3 o 13 o a o O a o O % g a o a .a 5 CO d o 03 o .■=* o .^ o d rf i^ fin p:: rt & > (-1 lO t^ •rti o> CO ■^ en IM ^ OS o o Oi C3 o -§ "5 O CQ .a o PM 73 d 03 \ »— c^ '" c^ N ^ CQ "Biuounnv o^ iaajBAmbg •naSoj^H^ mox naSoj'jif^ oiubSJo •naSojiif^ aiqnios -■la^BM ■ppv ouoqdsoqj eiqB|iBAV V P. a 03 a> •a a N hH 1-1 i fe 3 a 03 s O s «! a 03 a •jaqmn^ Xao^'BJoq'B'j o o M •»»i s M o t~ r> OS o a ic ■<* 1^ t-- ■^ OS CC v-l r- (M OS ^ -* IC c t-- s o OS c O N o os C OS OS o c o c c c ^ 'H a a £ _« c _a , 1 1 > u .A o B > 0 a c 1 1 c o c 1 a 1 a (3 Siler City Tobannovi c 1^ 0 S a < i X. { Siler City Indian Tr X "■ J. d. L S) ^ c (S •c ,fi ft ^ -c IB .2 B a i £ 13 IX t: X ^J5 en OC rt ri E 1 , a •5 c c £ C 2 o Ph & c £ 3 5 41 B C K 1 > 1 > i I 1 "c 1 1 c cS 0 fl. c ci a c c E cc £ PC en "a 0 -5 ddison McGa h Mixture, rtilizer Co. 'a jr 0 c o <~ C 1 Potash, hemical Co.'s d Grass Grow hemical Co.'s Potash. 1 t 1 2 a pi •a [vift's Fiel Grade Ph nion Bonf B +J E ■u cial Potas urham Fe Wheat Gr urham Fe Potash, nrfolk n.nr Bone and Southern C Wheat an Southern C Bone and 12 1-3 p: K t pL, ,* r - ^ 0 ■ >2 " o: c^ E T3 B ■1 c ■ C ■ .1 ■c £ ^ :z PC S - ja 1 c c E s 1 ■ a c c c ■ a _ . o: c a 1 . 1 u 4. c . C c c C cc c: < cr 1 ■ t c c T c c C c B u 1 s 0 c 1 1 J3 1 < a £ c c c 1- a. t 2 E C o C c r r c c 1 e 1 00 a - > 'ff % ir > 1 ..- 1 •r -c Tr t: •r T3 (S (S ^ <^ i B B > 1 c a l> cc cc c*- .— (T OC cc r^ c^ .^ cc ir. t^ OC c c cc t^ C^ c< t^ o c- c CO ^ o in C^J 00 _, CO ■^ _, o t^ oo ^~' ^ ^• o H o O Eh s O a ^ ° P^ . ^-^ ' . tn C3 o ^ ft "S*^ o O 1^ t, o o o o a c3 3 a a o 'a c3 > -a o d O J3 o o ^ J o m a a d 3 O CO a OJ o CJ •s >> 5i d &: g: a 03 d o n a a o M 03 ^ o XI <1 ffl O N 03 fQ d O O !5 .s; a ,d g o :73 3 o IS aa ; o Of -a d 03 .a e3 a en O =3 a o IB 13 03 tot:fH 2-d M . 03 oj oj PQ 03 O O d a o a a o CO sc 3 c3 W o PL, -a a C3 a> a o « a 03 >> PQ d 03 I TO ;ij d >. pq o Ph -a d 03 a) d o PQ 0. 03 c3 t, ^-1 d C3 ^ o d O (U .3 .-a -s t: mO d 03" C3 o o en a ^ 03 .S C8 PL, '3 < X X IS 03 ^ a 0) p to - 08 O 3 M 3 O ^ o ;2; .0) __ ja o '3) o O 03 K a 3 o & o -d 03 a 6 2 o n d ;z; 3 - o o O d o O o PL, -a bH t J3 O w :^ H a o CQ O J3 O O C3 o o 03 03 tS o o o -73 to O) -^^ CO Cvl oo o ^H en o o cs 03 o of a o Pm T) ^ a \^ (Tl T d o o T— 1 P3 JO -rl O 4) ( ) > O 0> ^ .a ••3 s s o o T3 d 03 03 > T3 S U d o bO a J 2 a c3 PP d .a o O o d c3 3 O 5 S S S o O o d C8 3 o c3 .a o o "l' o o a d Oi 03 d 'd 01 o 3 o o o Pl, 3 O 03 > a o r tf o O M a n -ii5 M £ m S 13 1^ ^ o CO c^a ■^ 01 •— I aa <-) Ci o o o O o a 03 3 O o ■« a 2 '> 3 o ai a" o 03 -d Q d" o o a o O § 3 d o CQ O PL, -a d 03 O d o a c« 3 o (V AS o a o u o PL, X3 CQ s O a c3 o a o PQ OS 03 > T3 a o p:S d O o a 03 3 a •73 a o a M o s 18 The Bulletin. o w. < m < I cs: o (4 1=] o o o ■ yCjCnOBjf y^ nox -lad aniBjY aAi^Biajj •qseTOj c mox c (-1 •Biuouiuiv «M b ,? •ppv ouoqdsoqtj ) 9iqB|iBAV T3 i V 1 a S 03 1 OS ID J5 ^ •d 1 a 2 pq «M o 01 z 1 IS h 1 3 o 03 3 0 ^ «M O QQ ■3 T3 «5 73 d C3 « !z; laquinM; XjCKJBJOqBI ' ? b- ■^ M 1^ r^ r^ CJ o CO o ir> <:0 ;i K tr> o CD ^ r»5 ■^ CO ^ T CM c^ CO iC ^ lO •» CO »c ^ IT) in €A^ o r^ CO CO a> - CO CO CO CO in CO o o ^ R CO C5 s 8 o 05 rr n CO CO '*! CO CO CO CO IfJ CO ^^ ^ lO ^ CO in o o o N IH c 3 O s o PM T3 a 03 V a o m it o d O o a 113 3 O fo n 4j ■S >> o O PL, .CI H O >. "-3 .2 a * 2 CO »S m T3 e3 o M 2 si s- o o s 0 03- •^ ao QQ n ^ V, O c3 &Ph 3 «> u 3 X a '3 O 03 3 O -a 3 03 d o pq 3 O '3 ■g 3 P o 03 O O 2 ^ > O a 3. < m it 03 m 3 2 d O O o ^ .H d C3 (1) t. U P. .a ffl o <1> ;k c .3 ^ g OS 3 u 1^ 2 o S £ 03 o a o o fi 3 a d CQ H & > (S o B OS 2 3 g S ■^^ .1^ O ggco O 3 00 §o9 -»; 3 3 O o ^ I a a o m o O 3 "3 a 3 o in • - . ja o 2 OS t- o oPh k< C3 OSS 0) o 'P3 2 Qo M a > > S > o r~ O Oi o o OS ■D C OS o a H P9 d O a 3 a o (3 o I? d O o a 03 3 o o o o O o a cj 3 o a o 'a -a a o a ja o d O "s u a o O o a o O J3 _3 "o CO O P^ -o 03 P3 03 , "a * .9 a o ■a •6 a o a o O P3 Q 03 The Bulletin. 19 o O o o O ,_, CO o CM «3- to ■<*' •^ »-» OJ ^ (O la »o CO CO «3 b- ^• h- in o evj O o ^ o 03 o fj O CM O ■c CO o l£) I- lO «3- in lO ^ CO lO g OS CM s § oo o rt* CO CM o o o ^ C^l CM CO CI -M - CM ^ > •i > ' ! > ■^ f- c <: ^ < ; < c c c c ; a X ' C ^ c 3 c ' c c c c ' o K 1 c IS c s : S J. c ! n 1 i ! o p. ' -e. i ■*i ; "i 1 \ i X p i 6 i 1 ^ 1 ^ s 1 w c ' \ ^ K p= 1 "3 c 1 c 1 a C P- a C c ; PC 1 tr a : 6^\ £ J ash. as c .11 i.P-i ^ : % te 1 > n1 ci T3 > > ! > i IS \ ^ a 13 c c 1 o s ! -C a i ; a a 1 0 M ' M "3 : a s tf ; tf PC : .S: ' - , o I P5 c'^ 0 i a O 1 0 n oj 1 "3 o ; u a o « a 3 a ! a o c "i 3 O 0 fiUjUl O 3 ming. r. Che t . 1 .3 C t-l •o § o a J3 a ■s Q •a (2 "2 cj ;g 1 t^ ' u 03 m o l:^ CO (>) CO CN CS t~. « CO o a 1-H a c c a c o *-H 1 o 03 9.60 9.48 11.11 10.40 11.44 11.38 10.55 10.35 11.20 11.98 11 F,n 1-H 12.00 11.85 13.89 13.00 13.69 14.30 14.23 13.19 12.94 14.55 14.00 14.97 14.37 14.54 1 J. 1 a- ■< Iron Station Hillsboro C c cc C c K & a Asheville Rougemont c 1 '3 1 S 1 o C ; S £ ■ ai X \ 1 1 2 o i 1 j Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Phosphoric Acid. Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Royster's Acid Phosphate. Peruvian Acid Phosohate a c c . w ■a > 1 S -4-3 m > Allison & Addison's I. X. L. Acid Phosphate. Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Double Bone Phosphate. Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Bone and Phosphate. Va.-Car. Chemical Co.'s 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Canton Chemical Co.'s Baker's Dis- solved Phosphate. Zell's Dissolved Bone I 1 i o J3 Pi S <; o ■a C3 O bl 1 a •s m 1 '> (0 < 6 O S IS 1 a) Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va Brands claiming Peruvian Guano Corporation, Charleston, S. C. Rovster. F. S.. Guano Co.. Norfolk. Va Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va ....do. ....do _ • oi > a o £ o s 6 s 'b o Brands claiming _ American Agricultural Chemical Co., Balti- more, Md. ....do a 6 bO a 3 d a -J! 9985 10059 o 9902 9927 10060 oo s o 10040 10057 CO CM Oi CD 20 The Bulletijst, o < 02 ?B aox aad Percentage Composition or Parts per 100. ■qsB^joj IB^ox ■einouiuiy o^ iuaiBAinbg lB>6x •naSoniNj OIUBSJO •U33oj')I^ aiqnfos -jajBAi •pioy oiaoqdsoqj aiqeiiBAy $ 11.20 10.91 11.20 11.21 11.83 11.25 11.43 11.78 41.70 12.18 11.61 11.59 11.30 12.80 13.67 13.49 13.20 oa5oot-0(Mr^oo ^■PO-*-^-r'^^j«-i<-^»0'5*'^-rcdt-.rcoo S2§ •jaqoinj^ Xao^EjoqB'j _) W3 00 o Ci t^ !>. oo .- Oi O o g O 5 2 b. O a 3 r; 13 s o o ^ jj p< hS -a o J3 60 O O C3 < « O o -♦-a g "a O E -a 2 '5 < a O o r Pi C3 -a a. o J3 — -d o O o g aO ;= o jr O 2 CI d <» ^ Ph H -n o o <; o Jifl X M 11 ■a > o 2; d O < :3 ;2 -a a o s J3 O o be a C3 o O ■*-> CI >. o O C3 3 '^ o bl a o O 3 o C3 a ^ 3 "-J f^ S 5 a O (1, O 2 •^ S 2; o o CS O »-^ , lB'»ox , I « ^ 5f ^ UJ lO s 1 1 y O Ci ' c3 •■Braoraury o% O 00 1 ina^BAinbg f^ OS ' P-i - O O ' O a •U330J5l{<[ O CO ' ^ to 1 1 1 • ■m a a ■uaSw^ijSi 7-1 r-i o WJ 1 tH 1 ■uaSoJiiN o aiqnios g -je^BM CO 1 *^ Ph •ppv K oijoqdsoqj 02 a^qeiTBAV 2 < 1 t-3 ■s "a S ! bfl 1 o> 1 1 > > ;3 ■ M M ly eg <5 t? 1 : .a 1 ' 3 ; i o ; S l-H ^ i 3 ! J-J- s ; ►S 1—4 1 1 J ►J 1 1 ; ; H fq ; 0^ 1 1 "TS I ; '; P=< T3 o 1 ! ; ' g » ; oQ ; •^ \ iJ >^ ; "o ; 'a \ <1 is i 1 '' '3 ; a '' -g i "S tf a) s p 1 *^ ' <^ 1 o : S a § : 5 : Ph 1 Ph o o o ^ : > ' J • 1 '^ 1 -a (3 i i ^ 3 03 0 O 2 1 i i s 1 _« o o ; c O 1 -»A (2 S '; 1 DO I ^ 6 6 : m £ 1 ^ O O ; « ■o 1 o t3 ; ^ g ; s < a g 1 : .a f 2 .1 .1 ^ i 'a " d 1 i ^ .1 1 6 1 ■a i ^ " 6 f « ; - s c ; c3 5 c3 I 9 -s a 1 1 1 ^ 1 ^ 1 o £ a m CO . S S~ " ^ •laqaitiN [ s g § s j^jo^Bioqun [ *-l The BuLLETiisr. 23 o O m < m < m H H o o O 02 >-( <3 •jfjCHOBj[ CO 'T m ■V oo oo CO O CO R s Jo CM O en C4 CO a --0 CO m s i» 0) (A Ph o a o O « Ph •■Btuotauiy CK> iuaceAinbg CO •uaSoj^t^ •naSoj^iii^ a'lqnjos •ppv oiioqdsoqj mox* g (U J3 T3 12; "3 c cj -a -a c £ CO CO ■jaqtanj^ Xjo^BJoqBT; O 00 O CO o CO o CO o in CO o o lo t^ m o m 50 U) CO 00 in in r» t- ^ O C^J CI CJ ,_ I- 1-H CVJ CM CM C) CJ C4 cv !» 1 1 a 3 O < ; s : a s 1 a 1 o P. . 03 ; ^ > > > -*j 1 ■s CO 1 J3 >< M o a D. s ■3 PS O 1^ I ID t J3 ^ ^ 1 s n. « o ' a. C < ^ i t CI 03 e C C a o i ^ ■ 11 J3 cm 3 c p: c : -^ 03 3 (S ' 2 1 E- ; H P5 H > i ^ 1 § O a c« : c . -6 . 1 1 ; 2 ; £ 1 _c 1 "r 1 a i ^ 1 o ;g' £ o a > 5 c- > " 1 £ i 1 C ■ c ■ c i 1 « 1 a> C o : ^ o a t i t 1 (-• a en ^^ s t .2 I « c 0; 0 i> = ! ? 1 g » ^ g n ^^ c ^ 1 i c ce S o E ^ E O « ^ P. O " c a 1- 1 1 X 1 CS £ < J3 , _ Cj 00 DO a OD 00 o » ^ o a E-t c C3 cr « c en c c c OJ o a c '' . 1-1 li. BRANDS REGISTERED, SEASON 1911-12. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. The Atlantic Chemical Corporation, Norfolk, Va.~ Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Atlantic High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate Atlantic 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Atlantic Dissolved Bone Atlantic Acid Phosphate Atlantic 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Atlantic 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Atlantic Bone and Potash for Grain Atlantic Bone and Potash Mixture Atlantic Meal Compound Atlantic Cotton Grower Corona Cotton Compound Atlantic Special Guano Atlantic Grain Guano Atlantic Special Truck Guano Oriental High Grade Guano Paloma Tobacco Guano Boon's Special Guano Atlantic High Grade Tobacco Guano Atlantic High Grade Cotton Guano Atlantic Tobacco Grower Atlantic Tobacco Compound Atlantic Special Wheat Fertilizer Atlantic Soluble Guano Apex Peanut Grower Atlantic 8 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Atlantic 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . . Atlantic 7 Per Cent Truck Guano Atlantic Potato Guano Perfection Peanut Grower Atlantic Side Dresser Atlantic Special Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Atlantic Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Geo. L. Arps d Co., Norfolk, Va. — Arps' H. G. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Arps' 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . . . Arps' 10 and 2 Bone and Potash Mixture. . . . Arps' "Go-a-Head" Guano for Trucks, Cotton and Tobacco Arps' Quick Growth for All Crops Arps' Premium Guano for Cotton, Tobacco and All Spring Crops Geo. L. Arps & Co.'s Big Yield Guano Arps' Standard Truck Guano Arps' Potato Guano Arps' Scuppernong Guano for Trucks Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. 21.50 16.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 3.71 2.27 2.06 1.65 1.65 .82 3.30 3.30 3.30 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.02 4.12 8.22 6.18 15.22 7.42 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 7.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 2..50 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 . • . • .... 14.00 . . . > 10.00 • < > • 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 12.00 The Bulletin. 25 Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Atlantic Fertiliser Company, Atlanta, Oa.; Wil- mington, N. C; Chester, 8. C. — Atlantic "N" High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00 Atlantic "O" High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Atlantic "P" Standard Grade Acid Phosphate. 13.00 Atlantic "A" High Grade Guano 10.00 Atlantic "G" High Grade Guano 10.00 Atlantic "K" High Grade Phosphate and Pot- ash 10.00 Atlantic "M" Standard Grade Phosphate and Potash 10.00 Atlantic "D" High Grade Guano 9.00 Atlantic "F" Cotton-seed Meal Comp. H. G. . . 9.00 Atlantic "B" High Grade Guano S.OO Atlantic "C" High Grade Guano 8.00 Atlantic "E" Cotton-seed Meal Comp. H. G... 8.00 . Atlantic "H" Standard Grade Guano 8.00 Atlantic "I" Standard Grade Guano 8.00 Atlantic "L" Standard Grade Phosphate and Potash 8.00 Atlantic Nitrate of Soda . . • . Atlantic Muriate of Potash Atlantic Sulphate of Potash Atlantic Gerruan Kainit Acme Manufacturing Co., Wilmington, N. C — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Acme High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Acme Acid Phosphate 13.00 Acme Bone and Potash 12.00 Acme Bone and Potash 12.00 Acme Bone and Potash 12.00 Acme Bone and Potash 12.00 Acme Bone and Potash 12.00 Acme Bone and Potash 11.00 Acme Bone and Potash 11.00 Acme Bone and Potash 11.00 Acme Bone and Potash 11.00 Acme Bone and Potash 11.00 Acme Bone and Potash 10.00 Acme Melon Grower 10.00 Acme Bone and Potash 10.00 Acme Bone and Potash 10.00 Acme Bone and Potash 10.00 Acme Bone and Potash 10.00 Acme Cotton Grower 9.00 Acme Special Fertilizer for Cotton 8.00 Acme Plumb Good Fertilizer 8.00 Acme "OK" Fertilizer 8.00 Acme "OK" Fertilizer for Tobacco 8.00 Quickstep Fertilizer 8.00 Quickstep Fertilizer for Tobacco 8.00 Acme Crop Grower 8.00 Currie's High Grade Fertilizer S.OO Acme Crop Grower for Tobacco S.OO Best's Fish Scrap Guano for Tobacco 8.00 Best's Fish Scrap Guano 8.00 Pee Dee Special Fertilizer 8.00 Pee Dee Special for Tobacco 8.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.47 3.00 1.65 2.00 4.00 2.00 1.6a 3.00 1.65 3.00 3.2C 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 . 2.00 .82 : 4.00 4.00 4.85 > • • ■ ■ 50.00 49.00 12.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 6.00 5.00 ■ • > 4.00 3.00 2.00 6.00 3.3( ) 5.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.2' r 2.00 4.1! 2 7.00 3.3( ) 6.00 3.3( ) 4.00 3.3( ) 4.00 3.3( ) 4.00 3..8( 3 4.00 2.4 7 4.00 2.4' 7 4.00 2.4 7 4.00 2.4 7 3.00 2.4' 7 3.00 2.4' 7 3.00 2.4 7 3.00 26 The Bulletin, Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Acme 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano Acme 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano for Tobacco . . Acme Plant Food Acme Fertilizer for Tobacco Acme Fertilizer Tiptop Crop Grower Tiptop Tobacco Grower Acme Standard Guano Lattimer's Complete Fertilizer Best's Complete Fertilizer Cotton-seed Meal Guano Grem Fertilizer Cotton-seed Meal Guano for Tobacco.... Gem Fertilizer for Tobacco Acme Special Grain Fertilizer Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Root Crop Guano Acme Standard Truck Guano Acme High Grade Guano Acme Truck Grower Acme Corn Guano Dried Fish Scrap Acme Special 4-10-4 Guano Clark's Corn Guano Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Acme Top Di'esser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash High Grade German Kainit 16 Per Cent. Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 4.50 4.00 1.00 Nifi rogen. Potash. 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 1.05 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 4.12 4.12 4.95 3.30 2.47 8.02 8.25 6.58 20.56 14.81 7.40 3.00 3.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 G.OO 5.00 4.00 7.00 5.00 8.00 8.00 3.00 4.00 10.00 3.00 48.00 48.00 16.00 12.00 AsTiepoo Fertilizer Co., Charleston, S. G. — High Grade Ashepoo Dissolved Phosphate... 16.00 High Grade Ashepoo Acid Phosphate 14.00 High Grade Ashepoo XXXX Acid Phosphate. 14.00 High Grade Eutaw Acid Phosphate 14.00 Standard Ashepoo XXX Acid Phosphate. . . . 13.00 Standard Eutaw XXX Acid Phosphate 13.00 Standard Carolina Acid Phosphate 13.00 Standard Circle Bone 13.00 H. G. Ashepoo Bone and Potash 12.00 Standard Ashepoo Acid Phosphate and Potash. 12.00 Standard Eutaw Acid Phosphate and Potash. 12.00 Standard Eutaw XX Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Coomassie Acid PhospTiate 12.00 ^ Standard Ashepoo XX Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Ashepoo Potash and Acid Phosphate. 11.00 Standard Eutaw Potash Acid Phosphate 11.00 Standard Palmetto Potash Acid Phosphate. . . 11.00 High Grade Ashepoo Watermelon Guano 10.00 H. G. Ashepoo Cantaloupe Guano 10.00 H. G. Ashepoo Fruit Fertilizer 10.00 H. G. Ashepoo Golden Fertilizer 10.00 H. G. Eutaw Superpotash Acid Phosphate... 10.00 High Grade Ashepoo Superpotash Acid Phos- phate 10.00 20 46 6 65 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.00 10.00 6.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 I The Bulletin. 27 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Standard Asbepoo Potash Compound Standai-d Enoree Acid Phosphate and Potash . Standard Ashepoo Wheat and Oats Specific. Standard Ashepoo Fertilizer Standard Eutaw Fertilizer Standard Ashepoo Harrow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate Standard Eutaw XXX Guano Standard Ashepoo Guano Standard Eutaw XX Guano Standard Ashepoo XX Guano High Grade Ashepoo Fruit Grower High Grade Ashepoo Perfection Guano High Grade Ashepoo Guano H. G. Ashepoo Special C. S. M. Guano High Grade Eutaw Special Cotton-seed Meal Guano High Grade Eutaw X Golden Fertilizer High Grade Ashepoo Bird and Fish Guano. . . High Grade Ashepoo Meal Mixture High Grade Ashepoo X Tobacco Fertilizer... High Grade Ashepoo Golden Tobacco Pro- ducer High Grade Carolina XXX Guano High Grade Ashepoo Ammoniated Superphos- phate High Grade Ashepoo Farmers' Special Standard Eutaw Circle Guano Standard Ashepoo Circle Guano Standard Coomassie Circle Fertilizer Standard Carolina Guano Standard P. D. Fertilizer Standard Ashepoo XXX Guano Standard Ashepoo Special Fertilizer Standard Bronwood Acid Phosphate High Grade Ashepoo Truck Guano High Grade Ashepoo Vegetable Guano High Grade Ashepoo Nitrogenous Top Dress- ing Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash German Kainit The Armour Fertilizer Works, Atlanta, Chicago and Wilmington— Bone Meal Total Armour's Raw Bone Meal Total 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 10 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 1.5 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Star Phosphate 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Sampson Corn Mixture Fertilizer, No. 1044 Fertilizer, No. 102.5 Fertilizer, No. 1023 Ammoniated Dissolved Bone and Potash Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 • • ■ ■ 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.50 1.65 1.00 9.00 1.85 1.00 9.00 1.85 1.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.50 2.06 1.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.91 2.75 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 • • • . 4.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 5.00 4.12 5.00 3.00 7.00 2.00 14.81 . . . > .... ■ • > • 45.00 45.00 • ■ ■ • • • • ■ 12.00 24.00 22.00 17.00 16.00 15.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 2.47 3.70 3.30 1.65 1.65 1.65 5.00 4.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 28 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. "State Farm" Phosphate and B. Potash Phosphoric Acid and Potash STii)erphosphate and Potash M. H. White & Co.'s Special Corn Mixture. . . Phosphate and Potash, No. 1 Armour's Tobacco Champion African Cotton Grower Johnson's High Grade Armour's Bright Tobacco Grower Bone and Dissolved Bone with Potash Fertilizer, No. 913 Standard Cotton Grower Bone, Blood and Potash Van Lindley's Special Fertilizer, No. 846 Fertilizer, No. 844 Special Trucker Sunrise Fertilizer. No. 844 All Soluble Truck and Berry Special Underwood's Special Fertilizer. No. 830 Fertilizer, No. 834 Fertilizer. No. 833 Sunrise Fertilizer. No. 833 Johnson's Favorite Underwood's Favorite Cotton Special Tobacco Special Carolina Cotton Grower Berry King Sunrise Cotton Grower Gold Medal for Tobacco Sweet Potato Special Champion King Cotton High Grade Potato Fruit and Root Crop Special Carolina Cotton Special Sunrise Tobacco Grower Sunrise Standard Slaughter House for Tobacco Armour's Slaughter House Fertilizer General Fertilizer, No. 813 Phosphate and Potash, No. 2 Phosphate and Potash, No. 3 7 Per Cent Trucker 5 Per Cent Trucker Manure Substitute 10 Per Cent Trucker Top Dresser Special Formula for Tobacco Harvey's Special 10 Per Cent Tankage Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Armour's Top Dresser Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 7.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 . . . 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 . . . 2.00 9.00 2.4' 3.00 9.00 2.4' 3.00 9.00 2.05 5.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 4.11 2.00 8.00 3.80 6.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.88 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.4' r 10.00 8.00 2.47 6.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.4' I 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.4' r 3.00 8.00 2.4' r 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.05 4.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.50 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 > > 5.00 8.00 • • • 4.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 6.00 3.30 4.00 5.00 8.24 3.00 5.00 8.24 2.00 4.00 3.30 5.00 4.00 3.30 4.00 2.00 8.24 14.81 13.16 7.83 4.00 The Bulletin. 29 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Kainit American Fertiliser Co., Norfolk, Va. — Bone Meal Total American High Grade Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate Eagle Brand Acid Phosphate Double Extra Bone and Potash Acid Phosphate American Standard Cotton Grower American Formula for Wheat and Corn Double Dissolved Bone and Potash Dissolved Bone and Potash for Corn and Wheat Strawberry and Asparagus Guano Special Formula Guano for Yellow Leaf To- bacco American Bone Mixture Bone and Peiiivian Guano Blood and Bone Compound Peruvian Mixture Peruvian Mixture Guano Especially Prepared for Sweet Potatoes N. C. and S. C. Cotton Grower American Eagle Guano J. G. Miller & Co.'s Yellow Leaf Fertilizer. . . American No. 1 Fertilizer Bob White Fertilizer for Tobacco A. L. Hanna's Special Formula Bone and Peruvian Guano American No. 2 Fertilizer American Special Potash Mixture for Whear. 10 Per Cent Ammoniated Guano American 7-7-7 for Irish Potatoes Standard 7 Per Cent Ammonia Guano Special Potato Guano Kale, Spinach and Cabbage Guano American Irish Potato Grower American Fish Scrap Guano Stable Manure Substitute Special Potato Manure Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Scrap Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 50.00 50.00 12.00 22.50 3.71 • • . • 16.00 .... • . * • 14.00 ■ • . > > . . • 13.00 .... .... 12.00 .... 5.00 12.00 .... . . * • 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .... 5.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 9.00 .83 2.00 8.88 1.65 2.00 8.50 2.06 1.00 8.50 1.65 1.50 8.00 3.29 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.00 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 8.24 2.50 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 5.76 5.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 4.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 3.29 4.00 7.00 2.47 4.00 6.00 4.12 14.83 8.24 7.00 49.66 48.00 12.00 American Agricultural Chemical Co., Baltimore and New York — A. A. C. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Superphosphate .... A. A. C. Co.'s Gaston Special A. A. C. Co.'s Crowd Cotton Food A. A. C. Co.'s Champion Cotton Fertilizer. . . . A. A. C. Co.'s Tip Top Special A. A. C. Co.'s White Oak Cotton Fertilizer. . . A. A. C. Co.'s H. G. C. S. M. Compound 16.00 . • . > . • . • 10.50 2.47 2.00 10.00 3.29 2.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 30 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. A. A. C. Co.'s Harvest Queen A. A. C. Co.'s E.xcelsior Comioound foi' Tobacco A. A. C. Co.'s Gold Wrapper Fertilizer A. A. C. Co.'s Rex Cotton Compound A. A. C. Co.'s Fish Guano A. A. C. Co.'s Purity Guano A. A. C. Co.'s Fidelity Grain Grower A. A. C. Co.'s Regal Crop Grower A. A. C. Co.'s Palmetto Alkaline Phosphate. . . A. A. C. Co.'s Blood, Bone and Fish Comp A. A. C. Co.'s Fancy Wrapper Fertilizer A. A. C. Co.'s Baltimore Top Dresser A. A. C. Co.'s Nitrate of Soda A. A. C. Co.'s Muriate of Potash A. A. C. Co.'s H. G. Sulphate of Potash A. A. C. Co.'s Geuuiue German Kainit Bartholomew's Bright Leaf Bartholomew's Fish Guano Bartholomew's Blood, Bone and Fish Com.. . . Bartholomew's Fancy Top Dre.sser Canton Chemical 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Canton Chemical 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Canton Chemical 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Star Guano Canton Chemical Champion Cotton Fertilizer. Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Animal Bone Fertilizer. .... Canton Chemical Victor Compound for Cotton. Canton Chemical Victor Compound for Cotton. Canton Chemical Colgate Standard Mixture.. Canton Chemical Challenge C. S. M. Com- pound Canton Chemical Bone Cotton Compound.... Canton Chemical Bone Tobacco Fertilizer. . . . Canton Chemical Honest Protector Canton Chemical H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer. . . . Canton Chemical Gladiator Cotton Fertilizer. Canton Chemical Superior High Grade Fer- tilizer Canton Chemical Baker's Tobacco Fertilizer. Canton Chemical CCC Special Compound.... Canton Chemical Bacher's Standard for To- bacco Canton Chemical Resurgone Soluble Guano.. Canton Chemical Baker's Fish Guano Canton Chemical Game Guano Canton Three Sevens Special Potato Manure. Canton Chemical Excelsior Trucker Canton Truckers' Special 7 Per Cent Canton Royal Trucker Avail. Phos. Acid. 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 4.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 8.00 7.00 IG.OO 14.00 13.00 12.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 1.65 2.47 2.47 2.06 1.65 1.65 .82 .82 3.29 3.29 7.41 15.00 2.47 1.05 3.29 7.41 3.29 2.00 2.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 3.00 49.66 48.00 12.00 7.00 3.00 5.00 3.00 5.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 0.00 • • • > 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 6.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 im 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 S.OO 6.00 4.11 7.00 I The Bulletin. 31 Xame aud Address of Manufactui'er and Name of Brand. Canton Truckers' Special 10 Per Cent. Detrlck Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detriclv Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick plinte Detrick Detrick Deftrick Detrick Detrick Detrick Detrick's 36 Per Cent Acid Pbospbate XXtra Acid Phosphate 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate H. G. Bone and Potash H. G. Bone and Potash White Star Fertilizer Old Colony Comp. for Cotton H. G. Bone and Potash s H. G. Bone and Potash Bone and Potash Superior Animal Bone Fertilizer. . . Victory Crop Grower Gold Basis Standard Gold Basis C. S. M. Mixture Kangaroo Komplete Konipound Quick-Step Tobacco Fertilizer Gold Eagle Cotton Comp H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer Victory Cotton Fertilizer Special Tobacco Fertilizer Vegetator Ammoniated Superphos- Globe Complete Manure Royal Crop Grower Fish Mixture Special Trucker Advance Truck Guano Climax Truckers' Compound Truck Fertilizer Lazaretto 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Lazaretto 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Lazaretto 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto Triumph Cotton Fertilizer Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto Alkaline Bone Lazaretto Retriever Animal Bone Fertilizer.. Lazaretto O. K. Complete Manure Lazaretto Defiance Standard Manure Lazaretto Top Notch C. S. M. Compound Lazaretto Carolina Cotton Food Lazaretto Coronet Tobacco Fertilizer Lazaretto King of the Harvest Lazaretto Quality and Quantity Tobacco Fer- tilizer Lazaretto Special Tobacco and Potato Fer- tilizer Lazaretto New Rival Cotton Fertilizer Lazaretto Challenge Fertilizer Lazaretto Carolina Tobacco Fertilizer Lazaretto Climax Plant Food . . Lazaretto C. & G. Complete Manure Lazaretto Crop Grower Lazaretto Sure Crop Compound Lazaretto Early Trucker Lazaretto Truckers' Favorite Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 5.00 8.23 3.00 16.00 .... . • « • 14.00 . • • ( 13.00 . • . ■ 12.00 .... 5.00 12.00 3.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 ... * 4.00 10.00 .... 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 16.00 .... 14.00 .... .... 13.00 • ■ • . 12.00 .... 5.66 12.00 • ■ > • 3.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 • . . • 4.00 10.00 .... 3.00 10.00 . • • . 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.41 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 32 The Bulletiis^. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Lazaretto Empire Trucker Lazaretto 10 Per Cent Guano Zell's 16 Per Cent Acid Pliospbate Zell's 14 Per Cent Acid Pliospbate Zell's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash Zell's Big Giant Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash Zell's Bone and Potash Zell's Bone and Potash Zell's Royal High Grade Fertilizer Zell's Victoria Animal Bone Compound Zell's Empire Cotton Compound Zell's Boss Cotton S. M. Mixture Zell's Big Crop Standard Fertilizer Zell's Economizer Cotton Food Zell's Special Compoiind for Potatoes and Veg- etables Zell's Tobacco Fertilizer Zell's Cardinal Comp. for Cotton Zell's Bright Tobacco Grower Zell's Reliance High Grade Manure Zell's Popular Tobacco Manure Zell's "Square Deal" for Tobacco Zell's Excelsior Cotton Fertilizer Zell's Special Compound for Tobacco Zell's Calvert Guano Zell's Fish Guano Zell's Truck Grower Zell's 7 Pel- Cent Potato and Vegetable Ma- nure Zell's Challenge Truckers' Manure . Zell's 10 Per Cent Trucker Productive Cotton and Peanut Grower Dawson's Crop Grower Gold Dust Guano : Slinglufif's British Mixture Triumph Soluble Holmes & Dawson's Dawson's Crop Maker. . . Reece Pacific Guano A. D. Adair d- McCarty Bros.. Atlanta, Ga. — Adair's High Grade Dissolved Bone, No. 16. . . A. and M. 15-4 A. and M. 13-4 Mccarty's Potash Formula, No. 5 McCarty's Potash Formula, No. 4 McCarty's Potash Formula Adair's Dissolved Bone David Harum Extra High Grade Blood Guano. Adair's H. G. Blood and Bone Guano Special Wheat Compound Special Corn Compound Special Vegetable Compound Special Potato Compound Special Cotton Compound Special Tomato Compound Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 6.00 4.11 7.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 16.00 • > • > .... 14.00 > < • ■ 13.00 > > > • 12.00 5.00 12.00 .... 3.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 • • > ■ 4.00 10.00 • • • • 3.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 0.00 2.06 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.90 2.06 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.29 4.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 s.oo 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 16.00 15.00 ■ ■ > ■ 4.00 13.00 > * • • 4.00 12.00 • < • • 5.00 12.00 > • > ■ 4.00 12.00 2.00 12.00 • • • • .... 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 The Bulletin, 33 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Adair's Soluble Pacific Guano McCarty's High Grade Cotton Grower McCarty's High Grade Corn Grower Old Time Fish Scrap Guano McCarty's Wheat Special McCarty's Corn Special McCarty's Cotton Special Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 8 H. G. Potash Compound, No. 8 H. G. Potash Compound, No. 6 Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower. No. 6 Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 5 H. G. Potash ComiX)und, No. 5 High Grade Potash Compound Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower Adair's Formula Dixie High Grade Soil Food Adair's Blood, Bone and Tankage Guano Special Corn Grower Special Wheat Grower Special Potato Grower Special Vegetable Grower Standard Corn Grower Planter's Soluble Fertilizer Adair's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Golden Grain Compound Adair's Special Potash Mixture, No. 6 Adair's Special Potash Mixture, No. 5 Adair's Special Potash Mixture Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 8.00 10.00 , 8.00 10.00 , 6.00 10.00 , 6.00 10.00 , 5.00 10.00 , 5.00 10.00 , 4.00 10.00 , 4.00 10.00 , 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 , 6.00 8.00 , 5.00 8.00 4.00 15.00 50.00 Asheville Packing Co., Asheville, N. C. — Asheville Packing Co.'s Pure Bone Meal, Total Asheville Packing Co.'s H. G. Phosphoric Acid. Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Phosphoric Acid Asheville Packing Co.'s Extra H. G. Potash Mixture Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Phosphoric Acid Asheville Packing Co.'s Celebrated Tankage, Total Asheville Packing Co.'s Extra H. G. Fertilizer. Asheville Packing Co.'s Blood and Bone Asheville Packing Co.'s Extra H. G. Cotton Special Asheville Packing Co.'s High Grade Biltmore Wheat Grower Asheville Packing Co.'s H. G. Wheat, Corn and Oat Special Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Bone and Potash Asheville Packing Co.'s Superior Potato and Wheat Fertilizer Asheville Packing Co.'s Special Potash Mix- ture Asheville Packing Co.'s XXX Wheat Grower. 3 18.00 16.00 2.30 .... 14.00 .... 13.00 .... 4.00 12.00 .... .... 10.00 10.00 10.00 4.12 3.30 2.47 4.00 3.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 3.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 10.00 .... 4.00 2.00 34 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Asbeville Packing Co.'s Standard Potato Fer- tilizer Asbeville Packing Co.'s H. G. Vegetable Spe- cial Asbeville Packing Co.'s Corn and Vegetable Special Asbeville Packing Co.'s Special Tobacco and Vegetable Fertilizer Asbeville Packing Co.'s Fruit Special Asbeville Packing Co.'s Potato Special Asbeville Packing Co.'s Cbampion Potato Fer- tilizer Asbeville Packing Co.'s Complete Fertilizer.. Asbeville Packing Co.'s Standard Corn and Wbeat Asbeville Packing Co.'s Special Bone and Potasb Asbeville Packing Co.'s H. G. Muriate of Pot- asb Baiigh d Sons Co., Phila., Pa., and Norfolk, Va. — Baugh's Raw Bone Meal, Warranted Pure, Total Baugb's 10 Per Cent Acid Pbospbate Baugb's Pure Bone and Muriate of Potasb Mixture Total Baugb's Higb Grade Acid Pbospbate Baugb's Rire Dissolved Animal Bones Baugb's 12 and 5 Pbospbate and Potash Baugb's Higb Grade Cotton and Truck Guano. Baugb's 10 and 8 Pbospbate and Potasb Baugb's Higb Grade Potasb Mixture Baugb's Soluble Alkaline Superpbospbate . . . . Baugb's H. G. Potato Grower Baugh's Fish, Bone and Potasb Baugb's Fruit and Berry Guano Baugb's Special Tobacco Guano Baugb's Grand Rapids Higb Grade Guano. . . . Baugb's Sweet Potato Guano for Sweet Pota- toes. Peas and Melons Baugh's High Grade Tobacco Guano Baugh's Complete Animal Base Fertilizer. . . . Baugh's Fish Mixture Baugb's Animal Base and Potash Compound for All Crops Baugh's Wbeat Fertilizer for Wbeat and Grass Baugb's Southern States Excelsior Guano .... Glover's Special Potato Guano Baugb's Southern States Guano for Bright Tobacco Baugb's Potato and Truck Special Baugh's Strawberry Mixture Baugh's Fine Ground Fish Gilliam's Special Potato Guano Baugh's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano Baugh's Peruvian Guano Substitute for Pota- toes and All Vegetables Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 2.47 1.05 1.65 3.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 1.65 1.65 4.00 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 4.00 50.00 21.50 3.70 • • • • 16.00 15.00 2.47 5.00 14.00 • • • • • > • • 13.00 2.06 • • • ■ 12.00 • • • * 5.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .... 8.00 30.00 ■ • • • 4.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 8.00 3.30 10.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 s.oo 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 3.00 7.00 3.30 8.00 7.00 2.88 7.00 7.00 2.88 7.00 7.00 2.47 5.00 6.87 8.23 • • • > 6.00 5.76 6.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.12 .00 I The Bulletin, 35 Namo and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Baiigh's Farnier.s' Friend Guano Baugb's New Process 10 Per Cent Guano. . . . Baugh's Special Potato Manure Baugh'.s Wrapper Leaf Brand for Seed Leaf Tobacco Sulpbate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Fine Ground Blood Baugb's Soluble Top Dresser for AH Crops. . . Baugb's Fine Ground Tankage Muriate of Potasb Higb Grade Sulpbate of Potasb Genuine German Kainit S. T. Beveridge cC- Co., Richmond, Va. — Beveridge's Raw Ground Bone Meal Beveridge's Tbomas or Basic Slag Total Beta Fertilizer Company, Beta, N. C. — Beta Corn Grower E. W. Braicley, Mooresville, N. C. — Rock Pbospbate Total Rock and Potasb Total 16 Per Cent Acid Pbospbate. . . . .' Red Leo Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Muriate of Potasb German Kainit -/. .4. Benton, Rnffin, N. C— Benton's Nortb Carolina Brigbt Fertilizer... Baltimore Fertiliser Co., Baltimore, Md- — Honest Acid Pbospbate Honest Acid Pbospbate Honest Bone and Potasb Honest Sweet Potato Grower Honest Cotton Grower Mayo's 8-2i/,-3 Honest Ammoniated Bone Maj^o's 7-7-7 Mayo's 7-5-5 . Honest Dixie Trucker Honest Trucker Bertie Cotton Oil Co., Avlander, N. C. — Bertie's Higb Grade Guano Bertie's Meal Mixture Bertie's Tobacco Grower Bertie's Ideal Cotton Grower Bertie's Special Compound Bertie's Corn Mixture Peanut Grower Bertie's Peanut Special Phos Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 6.00 4.12 5.00 5.00 8.23 2.50 5.00 1.65 10.00 3.50 3.30 5.00 • • • 20.57 . . . . 14.81 .... 13.00 .... 8.23 3.00 7.40 48.66 48.00 12.00 20.00 3.70 16.00 8.00 9.00 2.00 1.65 2.00 28.00 .... 20.00 < > • • 3.00 16.00 > * . * . . . . 10.00 2.47 1.50 8.00. 2.47 15.88 13.17 3.00 48.00 • * • • ■ ■ • • 12.00 2.00 16.00 14.00 • • • > . . . . 10.00 ■ • • • 2.00 8.00 2.40 4.00 8.00 2.40 3.00 8.00 2.00 3.00 8.00 1.60 2.00 7.00 5.60 7.00 7.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 4.00 7.00 6.00 4.00 5.00 8.00 4.13 5.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 S.OO 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 7.00 2.47 2.00 7.00 1.65 5.00 7.00 .82 4.00 36 The Bulletix. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Tar Heel Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid Nitrogen. Potash. 2.00 8.25 15.00 5.00 52.00 50.00 12.00 Bmclcer Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, McL, and Boston. Mass. — 16 Per Cent Dissolved Boue Phosphate Bowker's Soluble Phosphate Golden Harvest Fertilizer Bowker's H. G. Special Imperial Alkaline Phosphate Superphosphate with Potash for Grain and Grass Bowker's Ammoniated Bone Sure Crop Phosphate Bowker's Blood, Bone and Fish Bowker's H. G. Fertilizer Bowker's Red Oak Tobacco Feitilizer Bowker's White Star Compound Tobacco Fertilizer Eureka Cotton Compound Bowker's Fish Guano Empire Standard Corn and Grain Grower Baker's Bone and Potash Three Sevens Truck Fertilizer Bowker's Southern Special Compound Fancy Truck Bowker's Potato Special Bowker's Top Dresser Bowker's Tobacco Special H. G. Top Dresser Blackstone Guano Co., Inc., BlacJcstove, Va. — Blackstone Raw Bone Total Clover Leaf IG Per Cent Phosphat(> Bone and Phosphate Half and Half B. G. Co. Acid Phosphate Clover Leaf Grain Fertilizer Dissolved Bone B. G. Co., Inc.. Bone and Potash B. G. Co. Bone and Potash Blackstone Special for Tobacco Old Bellefonte Clover Leaf for Tobacco Tobacco Special Wrapper Brand Jim Crow for Tobacco Bellefonte Hard Cash for Tobacco Carolina Special for Tobacco Standard Guano Red Letter for Tobacco Alliance for Tobacco Leader for Tobacco Peanut Special Material for Special Order 16.00 .... .... 14.00 .... .... 12,00 .... 5.00 10.00 3.29 5.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 s.oo . • • > 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 6.00 4.11 5.00 4.00 6.15 2.50 4.00 3.29 6.00 7.41 3.00 18.00 4.11 16.00 .... 15.00 1.65 14.00 .... 13.00 1.03 1.00 10.00 1.03 1.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 3.30 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.0O 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.03 4.95 6.00 I The Bulletin. 37 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. AvaU. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. C. J. Burton Guano Co., Baltimore, Aid. — Acid Phosphate 14.00 Burton's Alkaline 10.00 Burton's Potash Mixture 10.00 High Grade Tobacco 8.00 Burton's Best 8.00 Tobacco Queen 8.00 Burton's High Grade 8.00 Burton's Butcher Bone 8.00 Bradley Fertilizer Co., Charleston, S. C. — High Grade Bradley's Dissolved Phosphate. . 16.00 High Grade Bradley's Acid Phosphate 14.00 Standard Bradley's XXX Acid Phosphate... 13.00 Standard Bradley's Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Bradley's Palmetto Acid Phosphate. 12.00 H. G. Bradley's Selected Guano 10.00 High Grade Bradley's Potash Acid Phosphate. 10.00 Standard Bradley's Wheat Grower 10.00 Standard Bradley's Bone and Potash 10.00 Standard Bradley's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 9.00 Standard Bradley's Patent Superphosphate.. 9.00 Standard B. D. Sea Fowl Guano 9.00 Standard Eagle Ammoniated Bone Superphos- phate 9.00 High Grade Bradley's Circle Guano 8.00 High Grade Bradley's Guano 8.00 Standard Bradley's Cereal Guano 8.00 Standard Bradley's X Guano 8.00 Nitrate of Soda .' Muriate of Potash .... German Kainit .... The Bryant Fertilizer Co., Alexandria, Ya. — Bryant's Bone Meal Total 22.50 Bryant's Acid Phosphate 17.00 Bryant's Acid Phosphate 16.00 Bryant's S. C. Dissolved Bone 14.00 Bryant's H. G. Wheat Mixture 12.00 Parrish-Godwin's Dissolved Bone with Potash. 12.00 Bryant's Bone and Potash 10.00 Bryant's Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00 Bryant's "Challenge" Highest Grade Tobacco Mixture ., 9.00 Bryant's Special Cotton-seed Meal Fertilizer. 9.00 Bryant's Bone Mixture for Tobacco 9.00 Farmers' Mixture 8.75 Bryant's H. G. Meal Fertilizer 8.00 Bryant's H. G. Guano 8.00 Bryant's C. S. M. Guano 8.00 Bryant's H. G. Fertilizer 8.00 Bryant's "Victor" Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 Bryant's Choice C. S. M. 3 Per Cent Mixture. 8.00 Bryant's Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 Bryant's "Otter" Special Tobacco Fertilizer.. 8.00 Bi-yant's Cotton and Corn Fertilizer S.OO Bryant's Special Fertilizer for Tobacco 8.00 . . . . 4.00 • • * • 2.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 3.00 3.65 2.00 3.71 1.65 4.00 • > • < 4.00 .... 2.00 .... 2.00 1.85 1.00 1.85 1.00 1.85 3.00 1.85 1.00 3.29 4.00 2.46 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 14.81 • . t ■ 45.00 ■ > • • 12.00 . . . . 6.00 . . . . 4.00 . . . . 4.00 2.00 2.47 3.00 2.26 2.00 2.06 2.00 1.85 4.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 2.00 2.06 3.00 2.06 3.00 2.06 2.00 2.06 2.00 38 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Bryant's Cotton Grower Bryant's Special Fertilii^er Bryant's Cotton-seed Meal Guano Bryant's "Potomac" Bone Special for Tobacco. Bryant's Special Formula for Grain and Grass Bryant's Wheat Mixture Bryant's Ti'uck Grower Bryant's Fish Scrap Guano Bryant's Carolina Top Dresser Bryant's High Grade Top Dresser Bryant's Top Dresser Bryant's Special Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Blood Fish Scrap Bryant's Carolina Si:>ecial Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Bryant's German Kainit The Berkley Chemical Co., Norfolk, Va. — Pure Ground Bone Total Resolute Acid Phosphate Berkley Acid Phosphate Berkley 12-5 Bone and Potash Berkley Bone and Potash Mixture Berkley Plant Food r>aurel Potash Mixture Monitor Animal Bone Fertilizer Select Crop Grower Victory Special Crop Grower Berkley Tobacco Guano Advance Crop Grower Brandon Superphosphate LonsT Leaf Tobacco Grower Berkley Peanut and Grain Grower Superior Boaie and Potash Mascot Truck Guano Royal Truck Grower The Leader of the World Berkley Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Dry Ground Fish Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Ivainit Bragaw Fertilizer Co., Washington, N. C. — 10 Per Cent Acid Palmetto Acid Phosphate Long Acre Bone Phosphate Farmers' Union Meal Mixture Beaufort County Guano Havana Tobacco Guano Tuckahoe Tobacco Guano Old Reliable Premium Guano Tar Heel Guano Pamlico Trucker Avail. Phos. Acid. 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 1.65 1.05 1.65 1.65 .82 5.76 3.29 5.76 8.23 6.17 5.76 14.82 13.15 8.24 7.41 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 7.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 2.50 2.50 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 20.00 3.70 .... 16.00 . . • ■ 14.00 • • . • . . > . 12.00 5.00 11.00 .... 2.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 8.50 2.06 2.50 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 ■ • • • 4.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 5.00 3.29 5.00 4.00 8.23 2.00 . • . • 15.00 . . • • .... 8.23 50.00 49.00 12.00 16.00 .... > . . ■ 14.00 .... 14.00 > . • • 9.00 2.26 2.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 The Bulletin. 39 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. 7-5-5 Truck Guano Riverview Potato Grower Chocowinity Special Tobacco Guano Sunrise Tobacco Guano Genuine German Kainit Conestec Chemical Co., Wilmington, N. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Conestee High Grade Acid Phosphate Conestee Acid Phosphate Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash • Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Cotton Grower Conestee Special Fertilizer fcr Cotton Conestee Melon Grower Conestee O. K. Fertilizer for Tobacco Conestee P. D. Q. Fertilizer Conestee "O. K." Fertilizer Conestee P. D. Q. Fertilizer foi' Tobacco Conestee Plumb Good Fertilizer Conestee Crop Grower for Tobacco Conestee Fish Scrap Guano for Tobacco Conestee 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano Conestee 8-8-3 C. S. M. Guano for Tobacco. . . Conestee Fish Scrap Guano Conestee Special Fertilizer Conestee Special Tobacco Fertilizer... Conestee Fertilizer for Tobacco Conestee Fertilizer Conestee Crop Grower. Conestee Tobacco Grower Conestee Complete Fertilizer Conestee Special Grain Fertilizer Conestee Standard Guano for Tobacco Conestee Standard Guano Cotton-seed Meal Guano for Tobacco Cotton-seed Meal Guano Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Root Crop Guano Conestee Standard Truck Guano Conestee High Grade Guano Conestee Truck Grower Conestee Corn Guano Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 5.76 ► 5.00 5.00 3.2£ ► 6.00 4.00 2.4'i 5.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 • • • ■ ■ • • 13.00 . . . .... 12.00 • • * 6.00 12.00 5.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 • • • 3.00 12.00 . . . 2.00 11.00 • • • 6.00 11.00 • • • 5.00 11.00 . . . 4.00 11.00 3.00 11.00 . . . 2.00 10.00 ■ ■ > 6.00 10.00 • • > 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 • > . 3.00 10.00 • • • 2.00 9.00 2.2- r 2.00 8.00 4.1: 2 7.00 8.00 4.12 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.4 7 4.00 8.00 2.4 7 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 ■ • • 6.00 8.00 5.00 8.00 . . . 4.00 7.00 4.1 2 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 4.95 8.00 6.00 3.30 8.00 6.00 2.47 3.00 40 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Dried Fish Scrap Conestee Special Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia. Nitrate of Soda Conestee Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash H. G. German Kainit 16 Per Cent Genuine German Kainit Coltimtia Guano Co., Noi-folk. Va. — Raw Bone Meal Total Columbia High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate Columbia 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Columbia Dissolved Bone Columbia Acid Phosphate Columbia 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. Columbia 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. Cohunbia 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. Columbia Bone and Potash for Grain Columbia Bone and Potash Mixture Columbia C. S. M. Special Roanoke Ammoniated Guano Carolina Soluble Guano Columbia Grain Guano Pelican Ammoniated Guano Columbia Special Truck Guano Trojan Tobacco Guano Columbia Special 4-8-3 Olympia Cotton Guano ' Hyco Tobacco Guano Our Best Meal Guano Royal Tobacco Fertilizer Columbia Special Tobacco Guano Columbia Guano Soluble for Tobacco Columbia Special Wheat Fertilizer Columbia Soluble Guano Spinola Peanut Grower Columbia 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Columbia Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guano. . . Columbia Potato Guano Crown Brand Peanut Guano Columbia Side Dresser Columbia Special Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Columbia Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. 4.50 4.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 21.50 16.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 8.02 8.25 20.56 14.81 7.40 3.71 2.27 1.65 1.65 .82 .",..30 3..30 3.30 3..30 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.02 5.77 4.12 8.22 6.18 15.22 7.42 4.00 3.00 48.00 48.00 16.00 12.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 7.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.50 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 Cumberland Bone and Phosphate Co., Portland, Me., and Charleston, S. C. — Standard Cumberland Bone and Superphos- phate of Lime 9.00 1.85 1.00 The Bulletin. 41 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. The Coe-Mortimer Co., Charleston, 8. C. — Gen. Key — Tree Brand Thomas Phosphate, Total Gen. Key — Tree Brand Thomas Phosphate, Total High Grade Tanl^age Imported Ground Fish High Grade Tanljage Imported Fish Guano Imported Fish Guano Total Imported Fish Guano Nitrate of Soda H. G. Dried Blood H. G. Dried Blood Nitrate of Potash Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Muriate Mixture Genuine German Kainit Cooper Guano Co., Wilmington, N. C. — Cooper's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Cooper's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Cooper's Grain Producer Cooper's Grain Grower Cooper's Recorder Cooper's Kite Cooper's Helmar Cooper's Horto Cooper's Chadbourn Trucker Cooper's Lenox Cooper's Sunset C. S. M Cooper's Clifford Cooper's Swamp Fox Cooper's Bunker Hill Cooi>er's Crusoe Cooper's Potato Cooi^er's Bald Head Island Cooper's Reward Cooper's Waccamaw Cooper's Sterling Complete Cooper's Peanut Bouncer Cooper's Finis Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Kainit Craven Chemical Co., Neic Bern, ISf. C. — Panama 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Jewel Acid Phosphate Trent Bone and Potash Halifax Guano Prolix 9-2-3 Special Guano Hanover Standard Guano Duplin Tobacco Guano Gaston High Grade Fertilizer C. E. Foy High Grade Guano Avail. Phos. Acid. 18.00 17.50 6.80 6.80 6.80 5.00 4.48 4.40 Nitrogen. Potash. 9.68 8.24 7.62 10.91 5.78 5.88 14.83 14.00 13.59 12.36 44.00 49.00 49.00 20.00 12.00 16.00 .... • . . • 14.00 > . . > . • > ■ 10.00 4.00 10.00 ■ • . « 2.00 8.85 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.0G 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 7.00 4.11 14.85 5.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 .... ■ > . • 14.00 .... .... 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 42 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Marvel Great Crop Grower Elite Cotton Guano Pantego Potato Guano Neuse Truck Grower . Craven Chemical Co.'s Truck Guano, 5-10-2% . Genuine German Kaiuit William H. Camp, Petershurg, Va. — Bone Meal Total Camp's Acid Phosphate Camp's Acid Phosphate Camp's Shepherd Brand Bone and Potash .... Camp's Bone and Potash Camp's Lion and Monkey for Tobacco Camp's Red Head Chemicals Camp's Lion and Monkey Cat and Rat Peanut Grower Victory Corn Grower Camp's Shepherd Brand Bone and Potash. . . . Camp's Green Head Chemicals Camp's Above All Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash German Kainit Clayton Oil Mill, Clayton, N. C— C. O. M. ir, Per Cent Acid Phosphate C. O. M. High Grade Bone and Potash C. O. M. Bone and Potash C. O. M. Wheat Compound • "Way Side Special C. W. H. Special Clayton Guano Clayton Special Tobacco Grower Planters' Favorite Cotton Queen Summer Queen C. O. M. Top Dresser H. and W. D. Climax Top Dresser Perfection Top Dresser C. O. M. German Kainit Catawba Fertilizer Company, Lancaster, S. C. — Catawba High Grade Acid Phosphate Catawba High Grade Acid Phosphate Catawba Acid and Potash Catawba Acid and Potash Catawba Special Catawba Climax Catawba Preference Catawba Acid and Potash Catawba Farmers' Union Catawba Old Hickory Catawba Economizer Catawba Electric Catawba Reliable Catawba Red Rose Catawba Peerless Catawba Acid and Potash Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.94 G.OO 5.00 8.24 2.50 .... .... 12.00 22.50 3.80 16.00 • * . > 14.00 . . . ■ > . . • 10.00 . . . • 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 8.00 2.4G 3.00 8.00 2.25 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 1.00 2.00 8.00 ■ * • . 5.00 7.00 6.15 10.00 6.00 5.75 14.75 5.00 48.66 12.00 16.00 12.00 * < . • 5.00 10.00 .... 5.00 10.00 2.05 4.50 9.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 4.10 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 2.00 6.56 12.70 1.50 * • • • 9.85 4.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 .... 12.00 . ■ . • 5.00 12.00 4.00 -10.00 3.20 4.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 4.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.85 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 • • < • 4.00 The BuLLETiJsr. 43 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Coicell, Swan & McCotter Co., Bayboro, N. C. — Bone Phosphate Standard Cotton Grower Champion Guano Cowell's Great Tobacco Grower Quick Grower Guano Rust Proof Cotton Guano Crop Guano Great Cabbage and Potato Guano Oriental Trucker Aurora Trucker High Grade Truck Guano Potato Favorite Guano Cabbage Guano Gernjan Kainit Carolina Union Fertiliser Co., Norfolk, Va. — Carolina Union 16 Per Cent Carolina Union 14 Per Cent Carolina Union 1.3 Per Cent Carolina Union 12 Per Cent Carolina Union 10-5 : Carolina Union 10-4 Carolina Union 10-2 Carolina Union 8-7-5 Carolina Union 8-4-4 Carolina Union 8-3--3 Carolina Union 8-2.5-2 Carolina Union 8-2-2 Carolina Union 8-2-3 Carolina Union 8-4 Carolina Union 7-4-5 Nitrate of Soda Blood Fish Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 14.00 8.00 8.30 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 3.30 7.00 5.00 8.25 2.50 12.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 O.I t 3.30 2.47 2.06 1.65 .65 3.30 14.85 13.20 9.04 5.00 4.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 CMclcamavga Fertilizer Works, Atlanta, Ga. — Chickamauga High Grade Dissolved Bone, No. 16 Chickamauga High Grade Dissolved Bone. . . . Chickamauga 13-4 Chickamauga Potash Special, No,. 4 Chickamauga Potash Special Chickamauga Dissolved Bone Chickamauga Very Best Extra H. G. Guano. . Ben Hur H. G. Blood and Bone Guano Special Potato Compound Special Wheat Compound Special Vegetable Compound Special Corn Compound Chickamauga High Grade Fertilizer Chickamauga High Grade Plant Food Chickamauga Fish Scrap Guano Chickamauga Wheat Special Chickamauga Corn Special 16.00 • • ■ > 14.00 • • • > 13.00 4.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 2.00 12.00 ■ . < • 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 .'',.00 10.00 .82 3.00 44 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Chickamauga Cotton Special Old Glory Mixture Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 8. Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 6. Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 5. Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower Chickamauga Bone and Potash Chickamauga Blood, Bone and Tankage Guano Special Potato Grower Special Wheat Grower Special Vegetable Grower Special Corn Grower Chickamauga Complete Fertilizer Chickamauga Standard Corn Grower Chickamauga Standard Wheat Grower Georgia Home Guano No. 3 Bone, Tankage and Potash Mixture. . . . Chickamauga Alkaline Bone, No. 6 Chickamauga Alkaline Bone. No. 5 Chickamauga Alkaline Bone Nitrate of Soda .V . Muriate of Potash Canton Fertilizer Co., Canton, Ga. — Dissolved Bone Dissolved Bone Ten Two Four R. T. Jones Extra H. G Elberta Special North Georgia High Grade Southern King High Grade Fish High Grade Orange High Grade Jomco High Grade Quickstep Wheat and Graiu Grower Special Potash Mixture Eight Two Four Fish Standard Jomco Standard Grade Dissolved Bone and Potash Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash The Chesapeake Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. — C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Phosphate C. C. Co.'s Reliable Phosphate C. C. Co.'s Celebrated Mixture C. C. Co.'s Rapid Trucker C. C. Co.'s High Grade Guano C. C. Co.'s Excelsior Fertilizer C. C. Co.'s Fish Guano C. C. Co.'s Ammoniated Phosphate C. C. Co.'s National Crop Grower C. C. Co.'s Keystone Phosphate C. C. Co.'s Potato Compound C. C. Co.'s Prolific Top Dresser C. C. Co.'s German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 8.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 . . ■ • 6.00 8.00 > > > > 5.00 8.00 • . . . 4.00 15.00 15.00 50.00 16.00 • • > • .... 14.00 • . . . 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 2.06 7.00 10.00 2.00 3.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 • • • • 4.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .... 4.00 48.00 14.00 .... .... 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 8.00 3.28 7.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 1.64 3.00 8.00 1.64 2.00 7.00 3.28 5.00 6.00 4.10 5.00 .... 7.51 3.50 12.00 The Bulletix. 45 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. CaraleiciU Phosphate and Fertilizer Worlcs, Raleigh, N. C— Raw Bone Meal Total IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Climax Dissolved Bone Sterling Acid Phosphate Staple Acid Pho.sphate Home & Son's High Grade Bone and Potash. Special Bone and Potash Mixture Morris & Scarboi'o's Special Bone and Potash. Electric Bone and Potash Mixture Pacific Tobacco and Cotton Grower Rhamkatte Special Tobacco Guano Special 8-4-4 Home's Best Eclipse Ammoniated Guano Planter's Pride Caraleigh Special Tobacco Guano Eli Ammoniated Fertilizer Crown Ammoniated Guano Comet Guano Buncombe Corn Grower Buncombe Wheat Grower Caraleigh Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Kanona Tankage Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash ■ Genuine German Kainit Central Phosphate Co., Mottnt Pleasant, Tenn. — Tennessee Phosphate Total Cheraw Fertilizer Company, Cheraic, S. C. — Cheraw Perfection Acid Phosphate Cheraw High Grade Acid Phosphate Cheraw Standard Acid Phosphate Cheraw Perfection Cheraw Special Cheraw High Grade Cheraw Excelsior Cheraw Fish Mixture Cheraw Complete Farmers' Pride Cheraw Top Dressing Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash German Kainit Combahee Fertilizer Company, Charleston, S. C. — Combahee Fertilizer Co. Dissolved Bone Combahee Fertilizer Co. Dissolved Bone Combahee Fertilizer Co. Dissolved Bone Combahee Fertilizer Co. Melon Combahee Fertilizer Co. Cantaloupe Combahee Fertilizer Co. K. M. S Combahee Fertilizer Co. H. G. Cotton Fer- tilizer Special Mixture Avail. Phos. Acid. 25.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 3.00 28.00 2.2(5 3.30 3..30 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 .82 8.22 15.62 9.46 Nitrogen. Potash. 3.70 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 50.00 50.00 12.00 16.00 • • > ■ • * . . 14.00 • • • > < • • > 13.00 . * . • 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 7.00 3.29 3.00 7.00 2.47 4.00 6.00 2.47 2.50 3.00 7.41 14.80 3.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 . . • ■ .... 14.00 > • > • 13.00 .... ... * 10.00 3.30 5.00 10.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.50 46 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Combahee Fertilizer Co. Cotton and Corn Com- pound Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Kainit Contcntnea Guano Co., Wilson, N. C. — High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Contentnea 14 Per Cent Acid "Corn Club" Special Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 3 Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 2 Bone and Potash Mixture. No. 1 Contentnea Cotton Formula 8-41/0-7 for Tobacco 8-4i/[,-7 for Cotton Climax High Grade High Grade Tobacco Grower Government Formula, No. 1 Government Formula. No. 2 Victor Fertilizer for Tobacco Farmers' Favorite Formula Pick Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer. . Top Notch Fertilizer Matchless Cotton Grower Contentnea Cotton Grower Contentnea Tobacco Special Brag Cotton Grower Blood and Bone Cotton Compound Bragg Corn Grower Special Formula for Truck Contentnea Corn Special High Grade Top Dresser Special Top Dresser Contentnea Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Manure Salts H. G. 16 Per Cent German Kainit German Kainit J. W. Carter, Maxton, N. C— Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit C. P. Dey, Beaufoi-t, N. C. — Ground Fish Scrap Dixie Guano Co., Savannah, Ga. — Phosplioric Acid Phosphoric Acid Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash American AgricnUural Chemical Co.. Dixie Guano Branch, SpartanTyurg, 8. C. Dixie Acid Phosphate Dixie Acid Phosphate Avail. Phos. Acid. S.OO Nitrogen. Potash. 16.00 14.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 7.00 16.00 14.00 11.00 10.00 16.00 14.00 1.05 14.84 .82 2.25 3.70 3.70 3.30 2.90 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.05 2.05 1.65 .82 4.06 1.65 8.25 6.60 8.25 14.82 8.23 2.00 48.00 12.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 5.00 10.00 7.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.50 3.00 3.00 2.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 50.60 50.00 20.00 16.00 12.00 48.00 12.00 2.00 4.00 The Bulletin. 47 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Dixie Bone and Potash Dixie Fertilizer Dixie Fertilizer Dixie Blood, Bone and Potash Fertilizer Dixie Cotton Grower Fertilizer Dixie Bone and Potash Dixie Blood and Bone Fertilizer Dixie Fertilizer Dixie Fertilizer Dixie Fertilizer Dixie Fertilizer Dixie Corn Grower Fertilizer Dixie Special Corn Mixture Fertilizer Dixie Fertilizer Dixie Bone and Potash Dixie Guano Co., Durham, N. C. — Dixie 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Dixie 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Dixie Champion for Wheat and Corn Jeff Davis Special Dixie Star Ammoniated Dixie Com Fertilizer Radium Brand Guano Dixie Tobacco Fertilizer Caroiina Special Ammoniated Sulky Plow Brand Guano Battle's Blood and Bone Fertilizer Niagara Soluble Bone Dixie Cotton Fertilizer Old Plantation Superphosphate TJie Dunn Oil Mill Company, Dunn. X. C. — Uncle Zeb Bull of the Field Dunn Hustler Planters Special Sampson Cotton Grower Dixie Guano Company, Inc.. Suffolk, Va. — Dixie Acid Phosphate Dixie Acid Phosphate Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash Dixie Monticello Brand Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash Dixie's Be.st Dixie High Grade Dixie Standard Guano Dixie Jumbo Peanut Grower Dixie ]0 Per Cent Top Dresser Dixie 7 Per Cent American Agricultural Chemical Co., Eagle Fer- tilizer Branch, {Spartanburg, S. C. — Eagle Acid Phosphate Eagle Acid Phosphate Eagle Bone and Potash Eagle Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 13.00 6.00 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 2.47 2.00 10.00 1.65 3.00 10.00 ■ • • • • 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.00 16.00 14.00 > • • ■ • • > ■ 10.50 .... 1.50 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 3.28 5.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 9.50 2. To 5.00 8.00 . 3.00 4.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 8.00 2.00 2.00 16.00 14.00 11.00 • • > • 2.00 10.00 1.00 2.00 10.00 > ■ > ■ 4.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 5.00 5.66 4.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 10.00 3.30 6.00 4.0D 48 The Bulletijn^. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Eagle Fertilizer Eagle Fertilizer Eagle Cotton Grower Eagle Bone and Potash Eagle Blood and Bone Fertilizer Eagle Fertilizer Eagle Fertilizer Eagle Fertilizer Eagle Fertilizer Eagle Corn Grower Eagle Special Corn Mixture Eagle Fertilizer Eagle Bone and PotasL Etiican Fertiliser Co., Charleston, S. C. — Etiwan IG Per Cent Acid PhospLate Etiwan High Grade Acid Phosphate Etiwan Dissolved Bone Diamond Soluble Bone Etiwan Acid Phosphate with Potash Plow Brand Acid Phosphate with Potash Etiwan Potash Bone Etiwan Soluble Bone with Potash Diamond Soluble Bone with Potash XX Acid Phosphate with Potash Etiwan Blood and Bone Guano Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate Etiwan 9-2-3 Per Cent Ammoniated Fertilizer. Plow Brand Ammoniated Dissolved Bone. . . . Etiwan Superior Cotton Fertilizer Etiwan SiJecial Cotton Fertilizer Plow Brand Special Tobacco Fertilizer Etiwan Cotton Compound Etiwan. High Grade Cotton Fertilizer Etiwan Ammoniated Fertilizer Plow Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer Etiwan Special Potash Mixture Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Genuine G}«rman Kainit Eastern Cotton Oil Co., Hertford, N. C. — Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate "Ten-One-Four for Peanuts" Currituck Special for Yellow Sweets Mat White Special Farmers Sensation for Tobacco It Grows Currituck Yellows Rain-proof Cotton Grower Fish and Blood Mixture Perquimans Favorite . . . . : Early Bird Hertford Truck Grower Tankage and Fish Substitute, Peruvian Guano for Track Nun-Such Potato Grower Nitrate of Soda Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 2.47 2.00 10.00 1.65 3.00 10.00 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 ■ 4.00 IG.OO 14.00 . . . . 13.00 . . . . 13.00 . 11.00 1.00 11.00 1.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 ", 3.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 , 2.00 9.00 2.06 1.00 9.00 2.06 1.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.30 6.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 1-.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 . 4.00 14.82 , 48.00 .... , 12.00 16.00 . • ■ ■ .... 14.00 • • ■ > 10.00 .83 4.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 5.77 5.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 15.67 7.00 The Bulletin. 49 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Dried Fish Fish Scrap Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit. EWa Manufacturing Co., Maxton, N. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Elba Melon Grower Elba Superior Fertilizer Elba High Grade Fertilizer Elba Eclipse John's Cotton Grower Elba Gold Seal Fertilizer Champion Uncle Tom Standard Hornets' Nest of Potash Elba Elba Elba Elba Muriate Kainit The Eureka Fertiliser Co., Perryville, Md. — High Grade Titicker Potato and Vegetable White Potato Special American Agricultural Chemical Co., Farmers Fer- tilizer Works, 8partanT)urg, 8. C. — Red Rooster Acid Phosphate Red Rooster Acid Phosphate Red Rooster Bone and Potash Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Blood, Bone and Potash Fer- tilizer Red Rooster Money Maker Fertilizer Red Rooster Cotton Grower Fertilizer Red Rooster Bone and Potash Retl Rooster Bone and Potash Red Rooster Blood and Bone Fertilizer Red Rooster Beats All Fertilizer Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Farmers' Favorite Fertilizer. . . . Red Rooster Corn Grower Red Rooster Special Corn Mixture Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Bone and Potash Farmers Guano Co., Raleigh, N. C. — Raw Bone Meal Total 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate ■ 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Farmers Acid Phosphate Special H. G. Bone and Potash Farmers Grain Grower Special Bone and Potash Mixture 4 Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. 9.00 8.07 Potash. 49.00 • • > • 48.00 .... 12.00 16.00 14.00 • • • ■ .... 8.00 4.12 7.00 8.00 3.80 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 5.75 5.00 48.00 12.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 16.00 . > • . 14.00 . ■ . > .... 13.00 • • • • 6.00 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 2.47 2.00 10.00 1.85 2.85 10.00 1.65 3.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.00 25.00 3.70 16.00 .... 14.00 .... .... 13.00 .... . . . • 11.00 .... 5.00 10.00 1.03 2.00 10.00 • • . • 4.00 50 The Bulletin, Xame and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Century Bone and Potash Mixture Farmers Blood and Bone Big Crop Guano, Money Point Guano Golden Grade Guano Toco Tobacco Guano State Standard Guano Special Bone and PotasL Farmers 7 Per Cent Trucker Farmers Challenge Farmers Formula Farmers G-7-o Trucker Farmers Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda I Kanona Tankage Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Foreig7i Products Company, Inc., Baltimoi-e, Md. — Ground Basic Slag Total Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit FariiiviUe Oil and Fertilizer Co., Farmville, 'S. C. — XXX High Grade Acid Phosphate XX High Grade Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate FFF Bone and Potash Farmville High Grade (C. S. M. ) Davis's Corn Grower Pitt County Corn Grower Farmville's Favorite Fertilizer Greene County Special (for tobacco) Scientific Cotton Grower Specific Cotton Grower East Carolina Cotton Grower Davis's Special Guano Carolina Chief Lang's Favorite Farmville Special \ Turnage's Fish Scrap Mixture Harris Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower Uncle Sam's Tobacco Grower Sterling for Tobacco Big Leaf (Tobacco Grower) Lewis's 8-3-7 Tobacco Special Pollard's Special Formula Lewis's 8-3-5 Tobacco Special Obelisk Pride of Pitt Harriss's Special Tobacco Grower Turnage's Fish Scrap Mixture Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 * * • < 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.88 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 • • • • 4.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 2.47 3.25 r,.oo 5.77 5.00 3.00 8.28 4.00 • • • • 15.62 • • • • .... 9.46 50.66 50.00 12.00 17.00 • • • • • ■ ■ » 16.00 ■ • . . 14.00 15.66 8.22 50.66 48.60 12.00 38.00 16.00 • • • ■ • • ■ ■ 14.00 • ■ • ■ > • < • 12.00 • • • • 4.00 10.00 2.47 4.00 10.00 .82 5.00 10.00 .82 4.00 9.00 2.90 5.00 9.00 2.67 5.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.29 3.00 8.00 2.67 5.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 The Bulletin. 51 Xamc and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Congo Davis's High Grade Tobacco Manure Marlboro Tobacco Grower Golden Crown Marlboro Cotton Grower Pitt County Cotton Grower Chaniblee & Sons' Special Cotton King Perfect Tobacco Guano Contentnea Special Davis's Cotton Grower Carolina Standard Farmville Standard (C. S. M.) Farmville's Bone Mixture Lewis's Special for Cotton Lang's High Grade Tobacco Manure Evergreen Top Dresser Second Application Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit FJoradora Guann Co., Laiirinburg, N. C. — Humus Rocky Ford North Robeson Special Florena Floradora Oceola Rob Roy Red Raven Bcstick's High Grade Scotland Special Fremont Oil Mills, Fremont, 'N. C— 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Fremont High Grade Bone and Potash Carolina C. S. M. Compound Fremont High Grade Guano Fremont Oil Mill Co.'s Special Tobacco Fremont Standard Fertilizer Nahunta Special Square Deal Up-to-date F. O. M. Co. Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda ^luriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit Farmers Cotton Oil Co., Wilson, N. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Bonum Acid Phosphate Contentnea Acid Phosphate Washington's Corn Mixture Guano Xtra Good Bone and Potash AvaiL Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.25 4.50 8.00 2.25 2.00 8.00 2.05 4.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 2.67 4.50 6.00 2.88 6.00 4.00 8.24 4.00 4.00 4.10 20.50 15.58 G.OO 50.6o 50.00 12.00 10.00 3.29 5.00 30.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 1.65 3.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 6.40 2.13 3.00 16.00 14.00 • • ■ • > > • • 30.00 • • • • 4.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.05 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 3.00 7.40 14.85 5.00 48.66 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 ■ • • • < • > ■ 33.00 * • • ■ • • • • 10.00 .82 5.00 10.00 • • • * 2.00 52 The Bulletin, Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Whitley's Special Guauo Dean's Si)ecial Guano Regal Tobacco Guauo Newsome's Tobacco Special J. D. Farrier's Special Guano . . . Graves' Cotton Grower Guano.. Golden Gem Guano Wilson High Grade Guano Planters' Friend Guano Carolina Choice Tobacco Guano. Crop King Guano Farmers' Si>ecial Guano Rogers' Truck Grower Wilson Top Dresser Perfect Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash German Kainit Franklin Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Co., Inc., Franlclin, Va. — Pretlow & Co.'s H. G. Acid Phosphate & Co.'s H. G. Truck Fertilizer & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Mixture. Pretlow & Co.'s Champion Guano Pretlow & Co.'s Peanut Grower Pretlow & Co.'s Genuine German Kainit. . Pi'etlow Pi'etlow Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 9.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 2.88 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 2.00 9.05 4.00 2.00 8.23 5.00 20.57 • . . • 15.03 .... .... 50.00 50.00 12.00 16.00 • ■ • • 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 12.00 Georgia Cliemical Works, Avgusta, Oa. — High Grade Dissohed Bone Phosphate Extra Dissolved Bone Phosphate Dissolved Bone Phosphate 12 Per Cent Dissolved Bone Phosphate High Grade XX Acid Phosphate with Potash. Bone and Potash Mascot Blood and Bone Guano Good as Gold Guano Gem Crop Grower Cardinal High Grade Intensive Formula Three Oaks High Grade Guano Georgia Formula XXX Meal Mixture Acid Phosphate with 4 Per Cent Potash Kainit 16.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 2.47 1.65 1.65 3.29 2.47 2.47 1.65 1.65 4.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 12.00 German Kali Works, Baltimore, Mel. Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Manure Salts Kainit 50.00 48.00 20.00 12.00 Griffith cf- Boyd Company, Baltimore, Md. — High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. 16.00 The Bulletin. 53 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Neto York City, N. Y — HolUngslwrst & Co Bone Meal Bone Meal Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) .Total . Total .Total .Total .Total .Total .Total .Total Home Fertilizer and Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md — Champion Dissolved Phosphate Home High Grade Acid Phosphate Home Dissolved Animal Bone Gilt Edge Crop Grower Eclipse Blood, Beef and Bone Home Bone and Potash Home Alkaline Bone Home Ammoniated Bone Home B. G. Ammoniated Compound Everybody's Fertilizer Home Standard Guano Champion Dissolved Bone and Phosphate. . . . Riosa Tobacco Compound Special C. & C. Compound Yancey's Formula for Yellow Leaf Tobacco. . Phoenix Crop Grower * Home Potato Special Matchless Guano Home Cereal Fertilizer Ammoniated Bone Manure Farmers' Choice Truckers' Special Compound Home Vegetable Fertilizer Eclipse Ammoniated Compound Home Potato Grower. .: Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Cerealite Top Dresser Home Fertilizer Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash German Kainit ....'. Hadletj, Harris d Co., Wilson, N. C. — Hadley's Special 8-41/^-7 Hadley's Special 8-3-5 Golden Weed Tobacco Grower Hadley Boss Daisy Fish Mixture Top Dressing Nitrate of Soda German Kainit Hampton Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. — Pure Ground Bone Total Supreme Acid Phosphate Hampton Acid Phosphate Avail. Phos. Acid. 22.88 22.80 21.00 20.00 18.00 17.00 16.00 14.00 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.46 2.47 1.6.5 1.65 1.23 1.65 .82 .82 3.30 2.48 2.48 2.48 2.48 2.48 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 5.77 4.12 3.30 3.30 20.62 14.85 7.43 5.77 20.00 16.00 14.00 3.70 2.47 2.47 2.26 1.65 8.23 15.60 3.70 4.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 10.00 4.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 10.00 4.00 3.00 7.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 7.00 5.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 5.00 12.66 54 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Hampton 12-5 Bone and Potash Mixture Hampton Bone and Potash Mixture Hampton Crop Grower Dauntless Potash Mixture Arlington Animal Bone Fertilizer Alpha Crop Grower Little's Favorite Crop Grower Hampton Tobacco Guano P. P. P. (Princess Prolific Producer) Extra Tobacco Guano Shirlej' Superphosphate Hampton Special Grain and Peanut Fertilizer. Excelsior Bone and Potash Reliance Truck Guano Virginia Truck Grower Hampton 10 Per Cent Truck Grower Hampton Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Dry Ground Fish Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit S. B. Harrell rf Co., Inc., Norfolk, Va.-~ Harrell's Acid Phosphate Harrell's Eclipse , Harrell's Champion Cotton and Peanut Grower Ilarroll's Truck Guano HartsviJle Fertilizer Company, Hartsville, S. C. — Hartsville Best Acid Phosphate Hartsville High Grade 14 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate Hartsville XXX Acid Phosphate ■ Coker's Special for Cotton Hartsville B. P. Mixture Hartsville B. P. Mixture Farmers' Pride Light Land Leader Renown Cotton (Juano Monarch Tobacco Guano Hartsville Cotton Grower Griffin's Meal Mixture Coker's Cotton Compound Eagle Tobacco Guano Cinco Cotton Compound Hartsville B. P. Mixture Calhoun Pride Pedigree Top Dresser Williamson's Corn Mixture Coker's Special for Corn Nitrate of Soda The Best Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 12.00 • • > • 5.00 11.00 • • . . 2.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 • . . . 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 8.50 2.06 2.50 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 ■ ■ . • 4.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 G.OO 5.76 5.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 4.00 8.23 15.00 8.23 2.00 50.00 49.00 12.00 14.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 G.OO 5.76 5.00 16.00 14.00 .... • • > ■ 13.00 10.00 4.00 3.00 10.00 • . . . 4.00 10.00 > > . > 2.00 8.90 2.00 2.00 8.00 7.00 5.00 8.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 4.00 4.00 8.00 4.00 4.00 B.00 3.00 4.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 8.00 2.50 1.00 8.00 • ■ ■ > 4.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 7.50 2.50 3.75 4.00 5.00 2.00 7.00 18.00 7.00 .... 9.00 3.00 48.00 .... • • • • 12.00 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. M. P. HuManl & Co., Baltimore, Md. — Hubbard's Havana Special for Cotton and Corn Hubbard's Celebrated Phosphate Hubbard's Maryland Special Grower Hubbard's Special Potato and Tomato Hubbard's 7 Per Cent Bermuda Guano The Hu'bhard Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. — Hubbard's 14 Per Cent Phosphate 14.00 Hubbard's .Special Mixture 10 and 4 10.00 Hubbard's B. and P. 10 and 2 10.00 Hubbard's Noxall 8.00 Hubbard's Royal Ensign 8.00 Hubbard's Yellow Wrapper 8.00 Hubbard's Fish Compound 8.00 Hubbard's Exchange Guano 8.00 Hubbard's Southern Leader 7.00 Hubbard's 5 Per Cent Royal Seal 6.00 Hubbard's Heavy Long Leaf 4.00 Hubbard's New Process Top Dresser Pure German Kainit Interstate Chemical Co., Charleston, S. C. — Acid Phosphate 16.00 Acid Phosphate 14.00 Acid Phosphate 1.3.00 Acid Phosphate with Potash 10.00 Acid Phosphate with Potash 10.00 Special H. G. Guano 9.00 Favorite Crop Grower 9.00 Special H. G. Truck Guano 8.00 H. G. Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00 Planter's Preference Guano 8.00 Challenge Brand Guano 8.00 Complete Fertilizer 8.00 Grain and Hay Producer 8.00 Acid Phosphate with Potash 8.00 H. G. Top Dresser 4.00 Nitrate of Soda .... Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash German Kainit .... The Imperial Co., Norfolk, Va. — Imperial Pure Ground Bone Total 20.00 Imperial H. G. Tennessee Acid Phosphate. . . . 16.00 Imperial High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Imperial Catawba Wheat Grower 10.00 Imperial Carolina Wheat Mixture 10.00 Imperial Virginia Grain Mixture 10.00 Imperial Bone and Potash 10.00 Imperial Martin County Special Crop Grower. 9.00 Imperial Crop Grower 9.00 Imperial Snowflake Cotton Grower 8.00 Imperial Tobacco Grower 8.00 Imperial X. L. O. Cotton Guano 8.00 Imperial Tobacco Guano 8.00 55 T Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 2.48 3.00 8.00 l.i65 2.00 7.00 4.14 5.00 7.00 1.65 5.00 6.00 5.78 5.00 * • . • 4.00 .... 2.00 3.28 4.00 2.46 4.00 2.46 3.00 1.64 3.00 1.64 2.00 3.28 5.00 4.10 5.00 3.28 6.00 7.51 3.50 12.40 . . . . 4.00 • * . . 2.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 3.29 6.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 2.00 2.06 1.00 .82 4.00 .... 4.00 6.17 2.50 L4.81 .... > . . • 48.00 ■ . . • 48.00 • • • • 12.00 3.70 2.26 1.65 3.29 3.29 2.47 2.47 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 56 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Imperial Yellow Bark Sweet Potato Guano. . . Imperial F. and B. Cotton Guano Imperial Bright Tobacco Guano Imperial Tennessee Tobacco Guano Imperial Peanut Guano Imperial Cotton Grower Imperial Peanut and Corn Guano Imperial Champion Guano Imi)erial Cisco Soluble Guano Imperial Standard Premium Guano Imperial Ammoniated Guano Imperial Fish and Bone Grain Grower Imperial Yadkin Wheat Grower Imperial 7-7-7 Potato Guano Imperial High Grade Irish Potato Guano.... Imperial Dawson's Cotton Grower Imperial Roanoke Crop Grower Imperial Asparagus Mixture Imperial 5-G-7 Potato Guano Imperial Williams' Special Potato Guano.... Imperial Fish and Bone Imperial Sweet Potato Guano Imperial 30 Per Cent Guano Imperial Ammoniated Top Dressing for Spinach Imperial Special 7 Per Cent for Potatoes.... Imperial Eastern Shore Sweet Potato Special. Imperial Special Tobacco Guano Imperial Laughinghouse Special Tobacco Guano Imperial Conetoe Cotton Grower Imperial Cubanola Tobacco Guano Imperial Top Dresser for Cotton Imperial Nitrate of Soda Imperial Ground Fish Scrap Imperial Animal Tankage Imperial Sulphate of Potash Imperial Muriate of Potash Imperial Genuine German Kainit Imperial Cotton Oil Co., Statesville, N. C. — Imperial 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Imperial High Grade Acid Phosphate 10-4 Bone and Potash Imperial Bone and Potash King Cotton Imperial Corn Grower "Grasoil" Imperial Cotton Grower IV. B. Josey Guano Co., Tarhoro, N. C — Josey's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Josey's Bone and Potash Josey's Prolific Cotton Grower Josey's Truck Guano Josey's 8-4-4 C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap Guano. Josey's Tip Top O. S. Meal and Fish Scrap Tobacco Guano Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 8.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 • • • • 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 S.OO 7.00 2.67 2.75 7.00 2.47 2.00 6.00 4.94 7.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 6.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 6.00 1.65 6.00 5.00 8.23 2.50 5.00 8.23 5.00 5.76 5.00 5.00 3.29 9.00 5.00 3.29 9.00 4.00 3.29 6.00 4.00 3.29 4.00 4.00 2.47 5.00 2.00 8.23 15.00 8.23 5.76 50.66 49.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 • > • ■ • . . . 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 1.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 16.00 10.00 • • • • 4.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 4.10 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 The Bulletin. 57 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Josey's Home Builder C. S. M. and F. Guano. Josey's Favorite C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap Guano Josey's C. S. Meal Guano Josey's Potato Guano Josey's Peanut Guano Josey's Elite Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Josey's Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Manure Salts Genuine German Kainit Jennette Bros. Company, Elizabeth City, N. C. — Jeunette's Acid Phosphate Jennette's Acid Phosphate Jennette's Kainit A. 8. Lee rf- Sons Co.. Richmond, Va. — Thomas Basic Slag Total Lee's Corn Fertilizer Lee's Wheat Fertilizer Lee's Bone and Potash Lee's 8-3-3 Fertilizer Lee's Natural Tobacco Grower Lee's Prepared Agricultural Lime Lister's Agricultural Chemical Works, IHewarlc, N. J. Lister's 4%-45 Bone Meal Total Lister's High Grade Acid Phosphate Lister's Phosphoric Acid and Potash Lister's Dissolved Phosphate and Potash Lister's Standard Pure Bone Superphosphate of Lime Lister's Complete Manure Lister's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phos- phate Lister's Success Fertilizer Nitrate of Soda John F. ]\IcNair, Laiirinhnrg, N. C. — Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit E. E. c6 J. A. Meadows Co., New Bern, N. C— Diamond Acid Phosphate Meadows' Diamond Acid Phosphate Meadows' Dissolved Bone and Potash Com- pound Meadows' Dissolved Bone and Potash Com- pound Thompson's Fish Mixture Meadows' Lobos Guano Meadows' Ideal Tobacco Guano Brooks' Special Tobacco Grower Parker's Special Tobacco Guano Dixon's High Grade Tobacco Guano Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 5.50 1.23 5.50 3.00 7.42 15.50 4.00 .... 7.42 4.00 48.00 20.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 • ■ . • • • . . 14.81 12.00 17.00 .... 10.00 • > < > 2.00 10.00 ■ ■ • • 2.00 9.00 • • • • 4.00 8.00 3.00 8.00 8.00 2.00 2.00 • • • • ■ ■ • • 2.00 20.50 16.00 10.00 10.00 3.70 4.66 2.00 9.00 8.00 1.65 2.47 2.00 3.00 8.00 8.00 2.06 1.65 15.00 2.00 2.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 • • • • • • • • 14.00 .... • • • • 10.00 .... 5.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.88 7.50 8.00 4.11 5.00 8.00 3.20 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 58 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Meadows' Gold Leaf Tobacco Guano 8.00 Meado^ys' Roanoke Guano 8.00 Meadows' All Crop Guano 8.00 Meadows' Cottoii Guano 8.00 Hookerton Cotton Guano 8.00 Meadows' Great Cabbage Guano 7.00 Meadows' Great Potato Guano 7.00 Meadows' 30 Per Cent Guano 6.00 Meadows' German Kainit .... The Miller Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. — ^Miller's l(i Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Miller's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00 Corn and Peanut Grower 10.50 Corn and Wheat Grower 10.50 The Miller Fertilizer Co.'s 10 and 4 Per Cent. 10.00 Clinch 10.00 Trucker 8.00 No. 1 Potato and Vegetable Grower 8.00 Miller's Irish Potato 8.00 4 Per Cent Tobacco 8.00 Standard Phosphate 8.00 . Tobacco King S.OO Miller's High Grade 8.00 Special Tobacco Grower 8.00 Potato and Vegetable Guano 8.00 Animoniated Dissolved Bone 8.00 Farmers' Profit 8.00 High Grade Potato 6.00 Nitrate of Soda .... jNfuriate of Potash .... Sulphate of Potash Kainit .... The Mapes Formula and Pertivian Guano Co., IJ/S Liberty Street, Neto York — Mapes' Complete Manure, "A" Brand 10.00 Mapes' Corn Manure S.OO Mapes' Vegetable or Complete Manure for Light Soils 6.00 Mapes' Economical Potato Manure 4.00 T. W. Meicborn d Co., Einston, N. C— H. G. Acid Phosphate 16.00 Genuine German Kainit D. B. Martin Co., Richmond, Va. — Martin's Pure Groui;id Bone Total 22.00 Martin's Raw Bone Meal Total 21.00 Martin's Animal Bone Potash Compound 16.00 Martin's Acid Phosphate 16.00 Martin's Acid Phosphate 14.00 Martin's Acid Phosphate 1.3.00 Martin's Pure Dissolved Animal Bone 12.00 Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone 12.00 Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone 12.00 Martin's Acid Phosphate 12.00 Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone 10.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.47 2.05 2.05 1.64 1.64 5.76 4.11 8.23 2.47 2.47 4.94 3.29 2.46 3.70 1.65 1.05 3.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 2.00 7.00 8.00 2.50 12.00 '...io > > . . 2.25 > > ■ • 4.00 > ■ • • 2.00 4.12 5.00 3.71 7.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.00 3.00 1.65 4.00 1.65 4.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 4.12 7.00 15.05 • . • • • . • • 50.00 • < • • 48.00 .... 12.00 2..50 6.00 6.00 8.00 12.00 2.50 5.00 3.00 6.66 The Bulletin. 59 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Tobacco Special Martin's Tobacco Compound Martin's Special Fertilizer Martin's Dissolved Organic Compound Martin's Corn and Cereal Special Martin's High Grade Guano Special Fertilizer Martin's Blood. Bone and Potash Martin's Red Star Brand Fertilizer Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano Martin's Cotton Guano Martin's Red Star Brand Martin's Blue Ribbon Brand Fertilizer Martin's Bull Head Fertilizer Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano Privott's Favorite Martin's Bull Head Martin's Tobacco Special Martin's Special Fertilizer Special Fertilizer Martin's Cotton Guano Privott's Special for Potatoes and Peanuts... Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano Martin's Animal Organic Compound Martin's Slaughter House Special Martin's Wheat Special Martin's Carolina Special for Tobacco Martin's Carolina Cotton Martin's Corn and Cereal Special Martin's Old Virginia Favorite One Eight Four Peanut Grower Mai-tin's Special Potato Manure Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Top Dresser Martin's Red Star Brand Fertilizer Glover's Special Martin's Gilt Edge Potato Manure Martin's Claremont Vegetable Grower Martin's 7 Per Cent Guano Martin's Animal Bone Potash Guano Martin's Early Truck and Vegetable Grower. . Knowles' Special Martin's Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit /. C. Harsh <£• Co., Marshville, N. C. — Basic Slag Total Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 • ■ • • 5.C0 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 8.00 10.00 . . . • 2.00 9.00 2.46 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.05 3.00 9.00 1.00 3.00 9.00 1.00 2.00 8.75 1.65 2.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 4.10 7.00 8.00 4.10 5.00 8.00 3.28 6.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 3.28 2.00 8.00 2.46 8.00 8.00 2.46 5.00 8.00 2.46 ■ 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.26 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 1.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.03 4.00 8.00 1.03 4.00 8.00 1.00 5.00 8.00 • • . • 20.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 8.22 2.50 7.00 4.10 5.00 7.00 3.28 8.00 7.00 2.46 10.00 7.00 2.46 5.00 6.00 5.74 5.00 6.00 4.10 7.00 6.00 3.28 8.00 6.00 3.28 6.00 5.00 8.22 2.50 . • • • 15.23 • • • • • • . • 50.00 48.00 12.00 15.76 60 The Bulletin, Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Marietta Fertilizer Co., Atlanta, Ga. — Bone Meal Total Raw Bone Meal Total Marietta XXXX High Gi'acle Acid Phosphate. Marietta High Grade Acid Phosphate Marietta 13-4 Marietta Phosphate and Potash Marietta Wheat and Clover Grower Marietta Truck Guano Marietta Ammoniated Bone Langford's Special Cooper's High Grade Guano Fish Compound Royal Seal Guano Tonawando Guano Marietta Special Guano Marietta Potash Special Dissolved Bone Potash Marietta Cotton Grower Marietta Boll Producer Marietta Beef. Blood and Bone ^Marietta Fertilizer, No. 844 Marietta Fertilizer, No.* 836 Marietta Tobacco Special IMariotta Fertilizer. No. 8-33 Marietta Best for Tobacco Marietta Sweet Potato Special Marietta Special Potato Marietta Fruit and Root Special Marietta Fertilizer. No. 823 Marietta Guano Marietta Solid South Marietta Golden Grain Grower Marietta Manure Substitute Tankage Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash German Kainit Marsh-Lee & Co., Marshville, N. C. — Marsh's Acid Marsh's Acid Marsh's Special High Grade Marsh's Cotton Fertilizer Marsh's Guano for Corn Tlie MacMnrpJnj Co., Cliarleston, S. C. — High Grade Acid Phosphate. 14 Per Cent. . . . Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash. Wilcox & Gibbs Co.'s Manipulated Guano Special Cotton and Corn 8.75-2-2 Special 8-4-6 Guano Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potasli. 24.00 2.47 22.00 3.70 16.00 • • • • 14.00 .... . > • . 13.00 4.00 12.00 .... 4.00 12.00 2.00 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 30.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 • • • • 4.00 30.00 • • • ■ 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 6.00 8.00 2.47 8.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .... 4.00 6.00 3..30 4.00 2.00 8.24 14.81 50.00 50.00 .... .... 12.00 16.00 14.00 . • . • • • • • 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 14.00 13.00 .... 12.00 1.00 11.00 .... 1.00 10.00 .... 5.00 10.00 . . . • 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.75 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 The Bulletin. 61 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Special 8-4-4 Cotton Guano Special 8-4-4 Tobacco Guano Special 8-3-3 Cotton and Corn Special 8-3-3 Tobacco Guano Standard 8-2i/,-l Guano Special 8-2-2 Guano Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potasli Sulphate of Potash Marlboro Fertiliser Co., Bennettsville, 8. C. — Marlboro Perfection Acid Phosphate 16.00 Nitrate of Soda 14.80 Marlboro High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Marlboro Standard Acid Phosphate 18.00 Marlboro Perfection 8.00 Marlboro Special • 8.00 Farmers Mixture 8.00 Marlboro High Grade 8.00 Marlboro Excelsior 8.00 Marlboro Complete Fertilizer 7.00 Farmers Special Mixture 6.00 Marlboro Top Dresser 4.00 Muriate of Potash Marlboro German Kainit .... Maj-tin d White Co., TSiorfolk, Richmond and Baltimore — Acid Phosphate 16.00 Acid Phosphate 34.00 Potash and Soluble Bone 32.00 Potash and Soluble Bone 12.00 Potash and Soluble Bone 10.00 Potash and Soluble Bone 10.00 Potash and Soluble Bone 10.00 H. G. Cotton and Tobacco Guano 8.00 Manure Substitute 8.00 Horse Shoe Brand 8.00 Organic Cotton Grower 8.00 Fish Guano 8.00 Fruit Special 8.00 Big Crop Grower 8.00 Special Peanut Grower 8.00 Royal Crop Grower 8.00 Special Peanut Grower 8.00 Royal Crop Grower 8.00 Blood, Bone and Potash 7.00 Special 7 Per Cent Trucker 6.00 Special Potato Grower 6.00 Virginia Trucker 6.00 Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash .... Kainit .... ISIorth Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Wilmington, N. C. — High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00 Wilmington Bone and Potash 10.00 Pate's High Grade 9.00 Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 3.29 4.00 S.OO 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 14.81 2.00 48.00 • • • • • • ■ • 48.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 12.00 2.47 2.50 8.22 3.00 . . . . 48.00 . • . . 12.00 3.28 3.28 2.46 2.46 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.03 1.03 1.00 1.00 4.10 5.74 4.10 3.38 15.23 2.47 5.00 3.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 8.00 5.00 7.00 4.00 50.00 12.00 4.00 3.00 62 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Cockrell & Williams' Cotton Grower Wilmington Mortgage Lifter Wilmington's Pride Wilmington's Truck Grower Bullock's High Grade Wilmington Full Value Wilmington Fruit Grower Best Tobacco Grower John's Special Bullock's Cotton Grower Wilmington Farmer Boy The Stone Company Special Clute's Cotton Grower Wilmington Leader Wilmington High Grade L. P. B. Special Lewis' Special Carter's Litter Wilmington Standard Pate's Siiecial Currie's Crop Grower Wilmington Tobacco Grower Wilmington Banner Clark's Special Maulfsby's Cotton Grower Wilmington Cotton Grower Wilmington Special Wilmington Headlight Wilmington High Grade Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Wilmington Special Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sxilphate of Potash Xorth Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Raleigh, N. C— Raleigh Standard Guano 8.00 Xorth Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte, N. C— Dixie Standard 8.00 Majestic 8.00 North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Henderson, N. C. — Henderson Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 Franklin Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 Pride of Vance Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 Uneedit Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 Two in One 8.00 McKinne Mixture 8.00 Brewer's Special 8.00 Henderson Cotton Grower 8.00 Franklin Cotton Grower 8.00 Uneedit Cotton Grower 8.00 Vance Cotton Grower 8.00 Nitrate Agencies Co., Neic Yark, Baltimore, Savan- nah, Chfxrleston and Norfolk — Acid Phosphate 16.00 Acid Phosphate 14.00 Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 9.00 2.27 2.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 4.12 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 7.50 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.06 4.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 G.OO 3.30 8.00 4.50 7.40 3.00 > > • > 14.80 .... 7.40 3.00 50.00 48.00 2.26 2.00 2.48 3.00 1.65 2.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 3.29 4.00 2.26 3.25 2.26 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 The Bulletin. 63 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit ISiew Bern Cotton OU ami Fertilizer Mills, Neio Bern, N. C— Thomas Phosphate Total Bone Meal Total 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Special Corn and Peanut Grower High Grade Bone and Potash Carteret Bone and Potash Greene County Tobacco Fertilizer Oriole Tobacco Grower Harvey's Special Meal and Fish Guano Special C. S. M. Mixture Foy's High Grade Fertilizer Lenoir Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower Pitt's Prolific Golden Tobacco Guano Favorite Cotton Grower Onslow's Farmers' Reliance Guano Jones County Premium Crop Grower Craven Cotton Guano Greene County Standard Fertilizer Dunn's Standard Truck Grower . , Ives' Irish Potato Guano Eureka Tobacco Fertilizer Pamlico Electric Top Dresser Wooten's Special Tobacco Guano Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Ground Blood Ground Tankage Eureka Top Dresser High Grade Fish Scrap Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit. 'Norfolk Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. — Pure Ground Bone Total Oriana 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Whitney High Grade Acid Phosphate Oriana 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Oriana Wheat Grower Shenandoah Wheat Mixture Young's Grain Grower Oriana Bone and Potash Oriana C. S. M. Special Oriana Complete Fertilizer Oriana First Step Tobacco Guano Oriana Tobacco Guano Oriana for Cotton Oriana Bright Leaf Guano Oriana Cotton Guano Oriana Crop Grower Mayodan Valley Wheat Grower Avail. Phos Acid Nitrogen. 15.00 18.00 16.00 16.00 14.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 2.41 2.47 3.30 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.27 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 5.77 4.12 3.30 8.25 3.30 20.62 15.67 11.59 9.90 8.25 8.25 Potash. 50.00 48.00 12.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 2.50 6.00 3.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 20.00 3.70 16.00 , . 16.00 .... 14.00 . . • • ■ . 10.00 4.00 10.00 , , 3.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.2f ) 2.00 8.00 3.2f ) 4.00 8.00 3.2< ) 4.00 8.00 2.4' 3.00 8.00 2.4' 3.00 8.00 2.0f ) 3.00 8.00 1.6r ) 2.00 8.00 1.6£ ) 2.00 8.00 , , 4.00 64 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Oriana Special Mixture Oriaua Truck Guano Pine Top Special Crop Grower Oriana H. G. Tobacco Guano Nitrate of Soda Mixture for Top Dressing Cotton Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Scrap Animal Tankage Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kaiuit Navassa Guano Co., Wilmington, N. C. — Pure Raw Bone Total Navassa 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Navassa 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Navassa Acid Phosphate Navassa Dissolved Bone Navassa Special Wheat Mixture Navassa Gray Land Mixture Navassa Acid Phosphate Maxim Guano Corona Guano Navassa Wheat and Grass Grower Navassa Wheat Mixture Navassa Dissolved Bone with Potash Navassa Fish Guano Navassa Manipulated Guano Osceola Guano Harvest Queen Fertilizer Navassa Complete Fertilizer Long's Wheat and Grain Guano Farmers' Mixture Navassa Universal Fertilizer Navassa Special Meal Fertilizer Coree Tobacco Guano Navassa High Grade Fertilizer Navassa Special Truck Guano Navassa Carib Guano Navassa Blood and Meal Mixture Orton Guano Navassa High Grade Guano Clarendon Tobacco Guano Navassa Standard Meal Guano Navassa Cotton-seed Meal Special 3 Per Cent Guano Navassa Strawberry Top Dressing Mogul Guano Navassa Guano for Tobacco Ammoniated Soluble Navassa Guano Brooks' Ammoniated Guano Navassa Fruit Grower Fertilizer Harvest King Guano Clark's Special Cotton-seed Meal Guano Navassa Big Stick Top Dresser Maultsby's Meal Mixture Navassa Grain Fertilizer Navassa Cotton-seed Meal Guano Avail. Phos. Acid. G.OO 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 4.11 5.76 1.65 3.29 8.23 15.00 8.23 5.76 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 50.00 49.00 12.00 22.50 3.71 17.00 16.00 14.00 t • • • > > * 13.00 > • • > 12.00 . . . 4.00 12.00 • . . 4.00 12.00 10.00 2.47 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 • • • 2.25 10.00 . . . 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.75 1.85 4.00 8.50 2.06 1.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.20 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.06 4.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 1.50 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 . • . • 7.41 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 I I The Bulletin, 65 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Navassa Cotton Fertilizer Occoneechee Tobacco Guano Navassa Dissolved Bone with Potash Navassa Lettuce Grower Fertilizer Navassa Root Crop Fertilizer Navassa Creole Guano Navassa H. G. Top Dresser Navassa Top Dresser Navassa Quick Results Top Dresser Navassa Special Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Blood Fish Scrap Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit G. Oher d Sons Co., Baltimore, Md. — Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Ober's High Grade Acid Phosphate Ober's Dissolved Bone Phosphate Ober's Standard Potash Compound Oiler's Dissolved Animal Bone Ober's Dissolved Bone, Phosphate and Potash. Ober's Si>ecial Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.. Ober's Farmers' Mixture Ober's H. G. Fertilizer Ober's Special Compound for Tobacco Ober's Standard Tobacco Fertilizer Ober's Special Cotton Compound Ober's Soluble Ammoniated Superphosphate of Lime ^ Ober's Stag Guano Ober's Acid Phosphate with Potash Ober's Complete Fertilizer Ober's Special Tobacco Bed Fertilizer. 10 Per Cent Nitrate of Soda ^Muriate of Potash Kainit Ocean Fisheries Co., Wilmington, X. C. — Monticello Animal Bone Fertilizer Cinco Tobacc-o Guano Pocomoke Superphosphate Electric Crop Grower Garrett's Grape Grower Faultless Ammoniated Superphosphate Pocomoke Sweet Potato Grower Harvey's High Grade Monarch ^Monarch Tobacco Grower C. C. C. (Crescent Complete Compound) Pamlico Superphosphate Pocomoke Wheat, Corn and Peanut Manure. . Pocomoke Defiance Bone and Potash Standard Truck Guano Freeman's 7 Per Cent Irish Potato Grower . . . 5 Avail. Phos. Acid. 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 G.OO 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 1.65 1.65 5.76 4.12 4.12 7.82 6.17 4.94 5.76 20.59 14.82 13.15 8.24 2.00 2.00 4.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 48.00 48.00 12.00 21.00 .3.71 . • . ■ 16.00 • > • • 14.00 < • ■ ■ .... 12.00 > • < * 5.00 10.00 2.47 • . • . 10.00 ■ > < > 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 8.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 6.00 4.12 6.00 4.00 8.25 3.00 .... 15.50 48.00 12.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 8.50 2.06 2..50 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 10.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 • ■ • • 4.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 66 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Seaboard Popular Trucker Dried Fish Scrap Coast Line Truck Guano Pocomoke Top Dresser Smith's Special Formula Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kaluit The Pocomoke Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. — Pure Ground Bone Total Superb Acid Phosphate Peerless Acid Phosphate Pocomoke 12-5 Bone and Potash Alkaline Bone Pocomoke Bone and Potash Mixture 10-2 Potash Mixture Pocomoke Truck Grower 5 Per Cent Peruvian Guano Corporation, Charleston, 8. C— Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Caithness-shire. . . . Thomas Phosphate (Basic Slag) Total Pemvian H. G. Acid Phosphate H. G. Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Chipana H. G. Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Con- dor ; Peruvian Acid Phosphate H. G. Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Capac Total "Chincha Island" High Grade Peruvian Mix- ture "Penguin" Peruvian Compound "Albatross" Peruvian Formula r. . H. G. Peruvian Mixture Sea Island Peruvian Mixture Laranago Peruvian Formula Peruvian Top Dresser Total Bellestas H. G. Peruvian Mixture Cormorant H. G. Peruvian Mixture Lobos Peruvian Mixture Pignero Peruvian Compound Alcatroz Peruvian Corn Grower Standard Peruvian Mixture Peruvian Acid Potash Mixture Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Fish Scrap Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Pamlico Chemical Co., Washington, N. C. — Pamlico 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Pamlico Bone Phosphate Avail. Phos. Acid. G.OO 5.58 5.00 4.00 4.00 13.00 Nitrogen. 5.7G 9.20 8.23 8.23 3.29 15.00 8.23 4.93 Potash. 5.00 3.00 2.00 6.00 50.00 49.00 12.00 20.00 3.70 .... 16.00 14.00 .... ... * 12.00 5.00 11.00 . • . • 2.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 18.00 3.08 2.40 18.00 .... 16.00 . . . . 14.00 3.21 2.00 14.00 2.46 2.00 14.00 ■ • • • • ■ . . 2.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 2.46 3.00 10.00 1.64 4.00 10.00 1.64 2.00 9.00 2.46 3.00 9.00 1.64 2.00 8.00 6.99 3.50 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 1.64 3.00 8.00 1.64 2.00 8.00 14.80 13.10 8.20 4.00 49.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 .... • • . • The Bulletin. 67 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Martin County Peanut Guano Pamlico Peanut Guano Dissolved Bone and Potash Pitt County High Grade Tobacco Guano Blount's Special Cotton Grower Prosperity Cotton Grower Bissett's Special Cotton Grower Amnion iated Peanut Guano United States High Grade Tobacco Guana... Pamlico S-5-10 Guano Cowell's Great Potato Grower Pamlico 8-4-4 Guano Bull's Eye Tobacco Grower Early Sweet Potato Pamlico High Grade Tobacco Grower Success Guano Total Blount's Special Tobacco Grower Tobacco Growers' Friend Fountain's Special Guano Farmers' Best Guano Pamlico Bone and Fish Pamlico Cotton Guano Pamlico 7-7-7 Pamlico 7-5-8 Guano Pamlico Special Irish Potato Guano Pamlico Special Sweet Potato Guano Pamlico Favorite Potato Guano Blount's H. G. Potato Grower Faulkland H. G. Tobacco Guano Cowell's Great Cabbage Grower 4-3-5 Guano Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Pamlico Ground Fish Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash German Kainit Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 1.23 4.00 10.00 • • • • 4.00 10.00 • ■ > • 2.00 9.00 2.88 10.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.06 4.00 8.70 8.25 2.00 8.00 4.12 10.00 8.00 4.12 10.00 8.00 4.12 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.26 4.50 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 2.47 6.00 5.00 8.25 2.50 4.00 2.47 20.62 5.00 .... 14.85 • > > • .... 8.25 • • < > .... 55.00 48.00 12.00 Planters Fertilize^- and Phospliatc Co., Charleston, S. C— 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Planters' High Grade Acid Phosphate Excelsior H. G. Acid Phosphate Planters' Soluble Bone Planters' Bone and Potash Planters' Special Meal Mixture Planters' Grain Grower Special INIixture Planters' Acid and Potash Planters' Bone and Potash Planters' Blood and Fish Guano Planters' Special Mixture Planters' Special Mixture Planters' Special Cotton Fertilizer Planters" Bright Tobacco Fertilizer Special Mixture Planters' Cotton and Corn Fertilizer Planters' H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer 16.00 .... .... 14.00 • • • . .... 14.00 .... .... 13.00 • • > • . • . . 12.00 . * > . 1.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 • . > ■ 4.00 10.00 • ■ . • 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.50 3.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 68 The Bulletix. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Planters' Soluble Guano Planters' Fertilizer Planters' Standard Fertilizer Planters' Bone and Potash Special Mixture Special Mixture Special Mixture Planters' H. G. Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Planters' Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Planters' German Kainit Pearsall d Co., Wilmington, y. C. — PearsalTs H. G. Acid Phosphate Pearsall's H. G. Acid Phosphate Pearsall's Bone and Potash Pearsall's Fish and Potash Compound Davis' Special Pearsall's Bone Meal and Fish Total Pearsall's Berry Guano Pearsall's Fernside Tobacco Guano Pearsall's Useme Guano " Pearsall's High Grade Tobacco Pearsall's F. F. F. G Currie's Cotton and Corn Guano Pearsall's Corn Guano Pearsall's Eagle Pearsall's Potato and Truck Guann Pearsall's Complete Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Pearsall's Top Dresser Pacific Guano Co., Charleston, S. C. — Standard Pacific Acid Phosphate Standard Soluble Pacific Guano High Grade Pacific Fertilizer Pow?iatan Chemical Co., Richmond, Va. — Pure Animal Bone Total Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Magic Dissolved Bone Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate Powhatan Acid Phosphate Magic Corn Special Magic Wheat Special High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture Virginia Dissolved Bone , Magic Corn Grower Magic Crop Grower Magic Bone and Potash Mixture Bone and Potash Mixture Guilford Special Tobacco Fertilizer Railing's Special Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 ,2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 • ■ • • 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 7.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 4.00 6.18 2.50 14.83 48.00 • • • • ■ • > • 48.00 12.00 16.00 .... * > . • 14.00 .... . • . ■ 10.00 . • > ■ 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 3.00 7.43 14.85 8.47 3.00 7.42 3.00 12.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 25.00 2.47 22.50 3.70 . . . • 16.00 ■ • > ■ . . . • 14.00 .... .... 13.00 .... 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 • ■ • • 5.00 12.00 . . . > • > . ■ 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 6.00 9.00 2.47 2.00 The Bulletin. 69 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Economic Cottou Growei' Johnson's Best Fertilizer Holt's Magic Fertilizer Union Magic Fertilizer , North Carolina Favorite Powhatan Special Fertilizer Magic Mixture Magic Wheat Grower King Trucker Tomlinsou's Best Fertilizer Copeland's Magic Fertilizer North State Special Tomlinson's Favorite Fertilizer Tomlinson's Special Fertilizer Magic Fertilizer Johnson's Special Fertilizer P. C. Co.'s Hustler King Brand Fertilizer White Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer Powhatan Peanut Fertilizer Magic Cotton Grower Magic Special Fertilizer Magic Tobacco Grower Magic Peanut Special Magic Grain Special Magic Peanut Grower Magic Grain and Grass Grower Powhatan Bone and Potash Mixture Powhatan Trucker Copeland's Special Feitilizer Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Pure German Kainit Pine Level Oil Mill Co., Pine Level, N. C— Pine Tvevel 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Pine Level 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Bone and Potash Mixture Sutton's Potato Guano Xantho Tobacco Guano Oliver's Truck Grower Guano ' Hale's Special Fertilizer for To,bacco Pine Level High Grade Fertilizer Cotton Grower Fertilizer for All Crops H. G. Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Patapsco Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. — Patapsco Pure Raw Bone Total Florida Soluble Phosphate Patapsco Pure Dissolved S. C. Phosphate.... Patapsco High Grade Phosphate and Potash. Baltimore Soluble Phosphate Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.06 5.00 9.00 2.06 5.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 4.11 5.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.29 8.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.88 5.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 • ■ • . 4.00 8.00 • . . • 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 4.94 5.00 6.00 3.29 19.75 15.63 7.00 . • • • ■ • ■ ■ 50.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 34.00 • • > > . . . < 10.00 > • • • 4.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 S.OO 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 3.00 6.03 14.88 6.00 48.6o • • ■ ■ • • ■ • 48.00 12.00 21.51 3.70 16.00 • • * > ■ * • • 14.00 • • • • . • . . 11.00 • • • • 5.00 11.00 • ■ « • 2.00 70 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Mauufactnrer and Name of Brand. Patapsco 10 and 4 Potash Mixture Patapsco Soluble Plicsphate and Potash Patapsco Guano for Tobacco Patapsco Guano Tankage Total Patapsco Tobacco Fertilizer Patapsco Cotton and Corn Special Coon Brand Guano Patxapsco Cotton and Tobacco Special Patapsco Plant Food for Tobacco, Potatoes and Truck Choctaw Guano Patapsco Special Tobacco Mixture Unicorn Guano Swanson's Gold Leaf Special Planters' Favorite Sea Gull Anunoniated Guano Grange Mixture Patapsco 7-7-7 Truck Guano Patapsco Trucker for Early Vegetabl(>s Money Maker Guano Ground Fish Total Patapsco Potato Guano Patapsco Crop Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kaiuit Pocahontas Guano Co., Lynchburg, Va. — Fine Ground P>one Meal Total Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Carrington's S. C. Phosphate. Waukesha Brand. Imperial Dissolved S. C. Phosphate Indian Special Grain and Grass Guano Wabash Wheat Mixture Carrington's Superior Grain Compound Pocahontas Special Tobacco Fertilizer High Grr.de 4 Per Cent Tobacco Compound, Mohawk King Yellow Tobacco Special Standard Tobacco Guano. Old Chief Brand.. Planters' Special Indian Tobacco Grower Farmers' Favorite Apex Bi-and Special Truck Grower, Eagle Mount Brand.. Spot Cash Tobacco Compound Carrington's Banner Brand Guano A. A. Complete Champion Brand Cherokee Grain Special Planters Cotton Sccfl Oil Co., Rocky Mount, N. C— Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate J. P. D. Special Gorham H. G Tar River Special Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 4.00 10.00 . . < ■ 2.00 9.25 2.06 2.00 9.25 2.06 2.00 9.15 7.41 .... 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.0G 5.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 S.OO 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 S.OO 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.G0 7.00 4.11 5.00 7.00 3.70 6.00 6.00 8.23 • . . . 6.00 4.11 7.00 4.00 3.29 20.16 15.00 4.00 49.c6 48.00 12.00 23.00 2.47 22.00 3.71 . . . • 10.00 .... 14.00 > < • • .... 12.00 • • > • 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 ■ • • ■ 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.0O 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 6.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 3.00 8.00 .... 4.00 IG.OO 14.00 .... S.OO 3.29 5.C0 S.OO 3.29 4.0O 8.00 2.47 3.00 The Bulletin. 71 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Planters' C. S. Oil Co.'s Tobacco Guano. Planters' C. S. Oil Co.'s Cotton Guano. . . Eagle Guano Planters' Peanut Mixture Planters' Special Potato Guano E. L. D. Special Braswell's Special for Tobacco Planters' Top Dresser Ground Fish Scrap. Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Piedtnont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. — ■ Piedmont Bone Meal Total Piedmont 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Piedmont 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Piedmont Special Potash Mixture Levering's Potashed Bo,ne Piedmont Farmers' Bone and Potash Piedmont Farmers' Standard Piedmont Essential Tobacco Compound Levering's Ammoniated Bone Piedmont Special Farmers' Tobacco Guano . . . Piedmont Unexcelled Guano Piedmont High Grade Ammoniated Bone and Potash Levering's Reliable Tobacco Guano Piedmont Guano for Tobacco Piedmont Guano for All Crops Levering's Standard Piedmont Bone and Peruvian Mixture Piedmont Special for Cotton, Corn and Pea- nuts Piedmont Cultivator Brand Piedmont Red Leaf Tobacco Guano Piedmont Farmers' Favorite Piedmont Star Bone and Potash Piedmont 7-7-7 Truck Guano Piedmont 5-7-5 Guano Piedmont Special Truck Fertilizer Piedmont Special Potato Guano Piedmont Early Vegetable Manure Piedmont Early Trucker Piedmont Vegetable Compound Piedmont Potato Producer. . . .• Nitrate of Soda Boykin's Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash German Kainit The Quinnepiac Co., Charleston, S. C. — Standard Quinnepiac Acid Phosphate Standard Quinnepiac Pine Island Ammoniated Superphosphate Avail. Phos. Acid. 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 3.50 Nitrogen. Potash. 21.00 16.00 14.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.40 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 2.47 1.65 1.65 1.21 4.12 2.47 2.26 7.82 8.23 3.29 1.65 1.65 .82 2.47 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 5.76 4.12 5.76 4.94 4.12 4.12 3.29 2.47 15.23 7.41 3.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 3.00 3.50 3.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 13.00 9.00 1.85 5.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 5.00 8.00 6.00 3.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 1.00 72 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Tlie Rohertson FertUizer Co., 'Norfolk, Yd. — Kobertson's Raw Bone Meal Total High Peak Acid Phosphate Scepter Brand Acid Phosphate P. M. C. Acid Phosphate J. W. S. Special Bone and Potash Mixture. . . . J. W. S. Alkaline Bone Skyscraper Bone and Potash Compound Level Run Dissolved Bone and Potash Dodson's Choice H. G. Complete Manure • J. W. S. Complete Guano Beaver Brand Soluble Guano Robertson's Blood and Bone Mixture P. M. C. High Grade Soluble Guano Wood's Winner H. G. Guano Robertson's Soluble H. G. Guano Old Kentucky High Grade Tol»acco ^Nfanure. . Robertson's Special Formula for Tobacco.... Big Cropper High Grade Guano Robertson's X-(T Ray) Tobacco Grower Double Dollar Soluble Guano Ten Strike Soluble Crop Producer M. C. Special Bone and Potash Mixture Robertson's 5-6-7 Robertson's 7 Per Cent for Truck Robertson's 10 Per Cent Truck Guano Nitrate of Soda Blood Fish Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit F. 8. Royster Guano Co., Noi-folk, Ya. — Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Royster's H. G. 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Royster's H. G. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Royster's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Royster's Dissolved Bone Royster's XX Acid Phosphate Royster's 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. Royster's Soluble Guano Royster's 10 and 6 Bone and Potash Mixture. Royster's 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. Royster's 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. Royster's Bone and Potash for Grain Royster's Bone and Potash Mixture. . .• M. P. F. Mixture Royster's 4-9-5 Special Tomlinson's Special Royster's Meal Mixture Royster's Cotton Grower Viking Ammoniated Guano Special Compound Royster's Grain Guano Royster's Special 1-9-2 Guano H. B. & Co.'s Special Royster's Supreme Tobacco Guano Avail. PilOS. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 21.00 3.71 16.00 • • • • 14.00 • • < • .... 13.00 .... .... 12.00 5.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.06 5.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.00 2.00 8.00 4.12 .7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 5.00 5.77 5.00 2.00 8.25 14.85 13.20 9.04 2.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 21.50 3.71 17.00 . ■ • > > * ■ ■ 16.00 .... .... 14.00 .... 13.00 .... 12.00 . > . ■ .... 11.00 5.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .... 6.00 10.00 .... 5.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.50 3.30 5.00 9.00 3.30 5.00 9.00 2.47 5.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 4.69 10.00 8.00 3.71 7.00 The Bulletijst. 73 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Royster's Best Guano Cobb's High Grade for Tobacco Trucker's Delight Jupiter High Grade Guano Royster's H. G. Special Tobacco Guano Milo Tobacco Guano Royster's Special 4-8-3 Gorham's Special Eagle's Special Tobacco Guano Marlboro High Grade Cotton Grower Bonanza Tobacco Guano Royster's Special Sweet Potato Guano Orinoco Tobacco Guano Special Tobacco Compound Royster's Special Wheat Fertilizer Royster's Complete Guano Farmers' Bone Fertilizer Webb's Korn King Farmers' Bone Fertilizer for Tobacco Jumbo Peanut Grower Royster's 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. Battle's Favorite Royster's Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guano.. Royster's Early Truck Guano Royal Special Potato Guano Royal Potato Guano Royster's Special 13 Per Cent Plant Food Royster's Peanut Special Arrow Potato Guano Royster's Irish Potato Guano Royster's Special 5-<3-5 Pasquotank Potato Guano Oakley's Special Tobacco Guano Royster's 2-6.5 Special Royster's Special 21 Per Cent Plant Food... Wiggins' Special Royster's Special 10 Per Cent Truck Guano.. Royster's Cabbage Guano Harvey's Cabbage Guano Royster's Potato Guano Royster's Special 20 Per Cent Plant Food Phillips' Special Royster's Special Formula A Presto Top Dresser Royster's Special Top Dresser Royster's 4-6-4 Special Ground Fish Scrap Nitrate of Soda Magic Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Manure Salts Genuine German Kainit ^ RoherRonville Guann Co., Robersonville, N. C. — Roberson's H. G. Acid Phosphate Boberson's H. G. Tobacco Grower Roberson's H. G. Meal and Fish Guano Robinson's H. G. Cotton Grower Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potasli. 8.00 3.71 7.00 8.00 3.30 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 3.00 8.00 3..30 2.50 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.02 4.00 8.00 • . . . 4.00 7.25 3.91 5.25 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 2.47 3.00 7.00 • ■ • < 5.00 G.OO 5.77 5.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 3..30 8.00 6.00 3.30 4.00 6.00 1.65 5.00 5.50 4.52 10.00 5..50 3..30 3.00 5.00 8.24 3.00 5.00 8.24 2..50 5.00 6.59 3.00 5.00 4.94 7.00 5.00 4.10 10.00 5.00 1.65 6.00 4.45 3.08 4.22 4.00 8.22 4.00 4.00 6.18 2.50 4.00 4.94 4.00 3.00 8.24 15.22 .... 7.42 3.00 48.00 48.00 20.00 12.00 16.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 74 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Roberson's Special 7-7-7 Potato Grower Roberson's H. G. Truck Guano Roberson's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano Robersonville H. G. Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Fish Scrap Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Roberson's Genuine German Kainit Roheson Manufacturing Company, Ltimberton, N. C- Acid Phosphate Eureka Standby Gold Dollar Silver Dollar Cottonade Honierun Genuine German Kainit Richmond Guano Co., Richmond, Va. — Pure Animal Bone Total Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Rex Dissolved Bone Phosphate Hish Grade Acid Phosphate Hiich Grade Wheat and Grass Fertilizer Premium Bone and Potash Mixture Premium Dissolved Bone Hunter & Dunn's Dissolved Bone Premium Corn Special Premium Wheat Special H. G. Bone and Potash Old Homestead Dissolved Bono Dissolved S. C. Phosphate Premium Corn Grower Bone Mixture Johnson's Best Bone and Potash Rex Bone and Potash Mixture Bone and Potash Mixture Sanders' Special Formula for Bright Tobacco Hunter & Dunn's Special Ammoniated Fer- tilizer Collins' Special Fertilizer Carolina Cotton Grower Burton's Special Tobacco Fertilizer C. eecial Fertilizer Cracker Jack Fertilizer Bone Mixture n Premium Cotton Growei- Premium Wheat Grower Southern Trucker Perfection Special Carolina Bright Tobacco Fertilizer Gilt Edge Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Acid. 7.00 7.00 6.00 4.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 4.12 5.77 8.23 20.50 15.60 13.62 8.00 7.00 5.00 5.00 3.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 .... .... 10.00 3.30 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 4.00 6.58 4.00 .... 12.00 25.00 2.47 22.50 ■ 3.70 > • . . 16.00 ■ ■ ■ ■ .... 14.00 ■ * . • > • . > 14.00 .... .... 13.00 ■ . . ■ 3.00 13.00 ■ * . • • • > ■ 13.00 ■ . • • 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 .... 5.00 12.00 .... .... 12.00 • ■ . . 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 * . . > 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 . • • ■ 2.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 9.00 2.47 2.25 9.00 2.47 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.06 3.00 9.00 2.00 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 4.11 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 The Bulletin. i o Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Gilt Edge Tobacco Fertilizer Carolina Bright Special Tobacco Fertilizer.. Tip Top Tobacco Fertilizer Tip Top Fertilizer Carolina Bright for Cotton Special Premium Brand for Tobacco Special Premium Brand for Plants Beeson's Favorite Fertilizer Beeson's Special Fertilizer Rex Tobacco Fertilizer Premium Cotton Fertilizer. . .'. Premium Tobacco Fertilizer Premium Brand Fertilizer Hunter «S: Dunn's Ammoniated Fertilizer .... Parker & Hunt's Special Tobacco Fertilizer.. Edgecombe Cotton Grower Premium Grain Special Premium Peanut Special Parker & Hunt's Corn Fertilizer Premium Peanut Grower Tip Top Bone and Potash Mixture Winter Grain and Grass Grower Clark's Special Formula Special High Grade for Truck 30 Per Cent Cabbage Guano Smith's 7 Per Cent Special Edwards' Prolific Cotton Grower Carter's Special for Tobacco Smith's Special Fertilizer Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Special Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Pure German Kainit Red Cross Guano Co.. Lynclihurg, Ta. — Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Red Cross Bone Meal Total Red Cross H. G. Phosphati^. Red Cross Standard Phosphate Red Cross Grain Grower Red Cross Bone and Potash Red Cross High Grade for Tobacco Red Cross for Tobacco and Truck Red Cross for Bright Tobacco Red Cross Special for Tobacco Red Cross Tobacco Guano Red Cress Crop Grower Red Cross Grain and Grass Special Rasin-Moniimental Co., Baltimore, Md. — Rasin IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Rasin 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Rasin 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphat" Rasin's 10-4 Bone and Potash Rasin Bone and Potash Rasin Special Bone ar^d Potash Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.26 2.50 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.50 8.00 1.85 2.25 8.00 1.85 2.25 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 > • > ■ 4.00 8.00 • > • • 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 4.94 6.00 7.00 4.94 5.00 n.oo 8.23 2.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 4.00 2.47 6.00 4.00 1.65 19.75 15.63 7.00 .... 7.30 3.00 • 50.00 48.00 12.00 22.00 3.71 22.00 3.00 .... 16.00 ■ > • • .... 14.00 > • • • .... 10.00 < • • • 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 3.00 16.00 14.00 .... 13.00 * > > ■ .... 10.00 > • • • 4.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 .... 5.00 76 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Rasin Dixie Guano Baltimore Special Mixture Rasiu H. G. Guano Rasin's Indian Brand for Tobacco Rasin Gold Standard Rasin Complete Fertilizer Rasin Special Fertilizer Rasin's General Tobacco Grower Rasin Empire Guano Rasin's Empire Truck Fertilizer Read Phosphate Co., Charleston. S. C. — Read's H. G. Dissolved Bone Read's H. G. Acid Phosphate Read's Bone and Potash Read's Alkaline Bone Read's Manipulated Guano Read's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Read's H. G. Guano Read's H. G. Tobacco Leaf Read's H. G. Cotton Grower Read's Soluble Fish Guano Read's Blood and Bone Fertilizer, No. 1 Read's Special Potash Mixture . Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash . German Kainit ReidsviUe Fertiliser Co., Reidsrille, y. C. — Reidsville Acid Harvest King Acid and Potash Bone and Potash Bone and Potash Acid and Potash Lion Brand Fertilizer Reidsville Hustler Farmers Tobacco Fertilizer Royal Fertilizer Climax Fertilizer Broad Leaf Tobacco Guano Banner Fertilizer Champion Guano J. H. Burton's Si^ecial Bone and Potash Acid and Potash Reidsville Top Dresser Sicift Fertilizer Worlcs. Atlanta. Go.. ^Villninf/ton, N. C, and Chester, 8. C— Swift's Raw Bone Meal Total Swift's Pure Bone Meal Total Swift's Special Swift's Cultivator Swift's Harrow Swift's Special Swift's Atlanta Swift's Chattahoochee Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 s.oo 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 16.00 14.00 • • * • .... 10.<«l .... 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.( 10 1.65 3.00 8.00 3.30 6.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 S.no 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.62 2.00 S.OO 19.66 4.00 48.66 12.00 16.00 ■ • ■ • • • . > 10.00 .82 4.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 • • . . 2.0O 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 6.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.(X) 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.85 2.50 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO .82 3.00 S.OO .... 4.00 s.no .... 4.00 5.00 4.94 1.75 23.00 23.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 2.4-; 6.00 4.00 The Bulletin. 77 Xame and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Swift's Fanners' Siiecial Swift's Corn and Cotton Grower Swift's Eagle Swift's Planters' Special Swift's Plow Boy Swift's Atlanta Swift's Farmer's Home Swift's Field and Farm Swift's Wheat Grower Swift's Special Swift's Blood. Bone and Potash Swift's Cotton King .' Swift's Special Cotton Guano Swift's Gold Medal Swift's Farmers' Favorite Swift's Cotton Plant Swift's Cai>e Fear Swift's Monarch Swift's Majestic Swift's Strawberry Grower Swift's Carolina Tobacco Grower Swift's Ruralist Swift's Plow Boy Swift's Special Blood Guano Swift Braswell's Formula Swift's Pioneer Tobacco Grower Swift Clark's Special Cotton Grower Swift's Red Steer Swift's Golden Harvest Swift's Thompson's Special Swift's Special Peanut Grower Swift's Plantation Swift's Carolina 7 Per Cent Special Trucker. Swift's Special Irish Potato Grower Swift's Early Trucker Swift's Special Tnicker Swift's Favorite Truck Guano Swift's Special Potato Grower Swift's Special Tobacco Grower Swift's Special 10 Per Cent Blood and Bone Trucker Swift's No. 1 Ground Tankage Swift's Excelsior Top Dresser Swift's Pure Nitrate of Soda Swift's Ground Dried Blood Swift's Muriate of Potash Swift's Sulphate of Potash Swift's Pure German Kainit Southern Chemical Co., Inc.. Roanoke, Va. — Pride of Virginia Valley Queen Farmers' Joy Our Favorite Spartanhnrg Fertilizer Co.. Spartanhurrf, S. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acidulated Phosphate 13-3 Potash Add Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 • > ■ • 5.00 10.00 . . . • 4.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 10.00 ■ • • • 2.00 9.50 4.12 3.00 9.50 3.29 7.00 9.00 2.47 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 8.00 4.12 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.50 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 5.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.0O 4.12 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.94 6.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 3.29 6.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 4.50 8.24 .... 4.00 6.18 14.82 13.18 2.00 50.00 49.00 12.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 16.00 14.00 ■ ■ • • . . > ■ 13.00 • • ■ • 3.00 78 The Bulletin. Avail. Xame and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. 12-6 12.00 Nitro Blood 11.50 Gosuell's Plant Food 10.50 N. C. Special 10.50 Corn Formula 10.50 10-4 10.00 Dana's Best 10.00 Melrose 10.00 Boll Buster 9.00 Cotton Compound 8.88 Glencoe 8.00 Potato Guano 7.00 Nitrate of Soda .... Muriate of Potash .... Scotland Neck Guano Co., Scotland Neck, N. C. — Our 10 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Our Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00 Our Best Peanut Guano 5.50 Bisgs' H. G. Truck Guano 8.00 Noah Biggs C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano. . 8.00 State Farm C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano. . 8.00 Carolina C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano 8.00 Farmers' C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano 8.00 Our Special C. S. M. Guano 8.00 Johnson's Special Potato Guano 7.00. K. Elite Top Dressing 3.00 Nitrate of Soda Our Genuine German Kainit .... The Southern Exchange Co.. Maxtoii. N. C. — S. E. C. Acid Phosphate 16.00 S. E. C. Acid Phosphate 14.00 S. E. C. Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00 S. E. C. Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00 Juicy Fruit Fertilizer D.OO The Walnut Fertilizer 8.50 Melon . Grower 8.00 McKimmon's Special Truck Formula 8.00 Two Fours Guano 8.00 Southern Exchange Co.'s Bright Tobacco For- mula 8.00 That Big Stick Guano 8.00 Bull of the Woods Fertilizer 8.00 Jack's Best Fertilizer 8.00 Correct Cotton Compound 8.00 R. M. C. Special Crop Grower 8.00 Southern Exchange Co.'s Special Tobacco Fer- tilizer 8.00 Currie Crop Lifter 8.00 The Racer Guano 8.00 The Coon Guano 8.00 Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash .... Genuine German Kainit .... H. T. Shannonhouse, Hertford, N. C- — Acid Phosphate 16.06 Full Value 8.00 Nitrogen. Potasli. • • . • 6.00 1.65 2.50 2.46 2.00 1.65 8.00 1.65 5.00 • • . • 4.00 .... 4.00 ■ . • • 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 2.46 3.00 2.46 7.00 14.81 . . . . 48.00 • > > * 4.00 1.23 5.50 4.12 5.00 3.30 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.00 2.50 1.65 2.00 5.77 7.00 7.40 3.50 15.50 12.00 .... 4.00 • • • . 2.00 1.85 4.00 2.06 2.50 4.11 7.00 4.11 7.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 15.00 .... . ■ • • 49.00 • • ■ ■ 12.00 3.29 4.00 The Bulletin, Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Southern Pride 8.00 Carolina's Choice 8.00 Square Deal 8.00 Farmers' Money Malcer 8.00 High Grade 6.00 Genuine German Kainit .... Nitrogen. Potasli. 2.47 2.47 1.65 1.65 4.11 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 12.00 The 8out7icrn Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte District, Concord, Charlotte, Davidson, Shclhy. dh- son, Monroe and Wadeshoro — Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Gold Seal Acid Phosphate 14.00 Silver King Acid Phosphate l.'J.OO Conqueror Bone and Potash 10.00 Magnolia Bone and Potash 10.00 Uncle Sam 9.00 2.4 Home Made 9.00 2.05 Razem 9.00 1.65 , King Bee 8.88 1.65 Choice 8.00 3.30 Conqueror 8.00 3.30 Canto 8.00 3.29 Melonite 8.00 3.29 Peacock 8.00 2.47 Moon 8.00 2.47 Landsake 8.00 2.47 Red Bull 8.00 2.06 All-to-Good 8.00 2.05 Gloria 8.00 1.65 Double Two 8.00 1.65 Dandy Top Dresser 4.00 9.07 Peerless Top Dresser 4.00 6.17 Nitrate of Soda 15.00 Nitrate of Soda 13.20 Labi 8.99 Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit The Southern Cotton Oil Co., Augusta, Ga., and Spartanhurg, 8. C. — Sunrise High Grade 8.00 4.11 4.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 6.00 4.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.50 17.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 7.00 Southern Cotton OH Co., Goldshoro, Fayetteville, Rocky Mount and Wilson — Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate . ' Best & Thompson's Special Cotton Grower... Goldsboro Cotton Grower Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Special for Tobacco. Goldsboro Oil Mill Si^cial Mixture Fayetteville Oil Mill Special Mixture "Wilson Oil Mill Special Mixture Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Special Mixture... Rocky Mount Oil Mill Special Mixture 16.00 14.00 • > . < .... 9.00 2.27 2.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 3.71 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.00 4.00 80 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Melon Grower.... Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Special Cotton Grower Best & Thompson's High Grade Goldsboro Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower... Fayetteville Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower. Wilson Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower Rocky Mount Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower. B. G. Thompson's Special Cotton and Tobacco Guano Egerton's Old Reliable Morning Glory Goldsboro Oil Mill High Grade Fayetteville Oil Mill High Grade Wilson Oil Mill High Grade The Southern Cotton Oil Co. High Grade Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Peanut Grower Goldsboro Oil Mill Standard Fayetteville Oil Mill Standard Wilson Oil Mill Standard Rocky Mount Oil Mill Standard The Southern Cotton Oil Co. Standard Southern Cotton (^il Co.'s Truck Grower Southern Cotton Oil Co. Top Dresser Rocky Mount Top Dresser Tideu-ater Ouano Co., Norfolk, Va. — Tidewater Raw Bone Meal Total Top Rail Acid Phosphate Buster Brown Acid Phosphate .T. W. S. Acid Phosphate Tidewater Bone and Potash Diana Brand Bone and Potash Comix)und... Bully Boy Dissolved Bone and Potash Diana Brand Soluble Guano. High Tide Soluble Guano Sho Nuf Guano High Grade Complete Manure. Hawk Eye Soluble Guano Soil King Special Guano Double Action Soluble Guano "Good Money" Complete Guann Tidewater Truck Guano Tidewater 4-6-4 Guano Nitrate of Soda Blood Fish Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Tnscarora Fertilizer Co., Atlanta, Ga.. and Wil- mington, 2\'. C. — Bone Meal Total Raw Bone Meal Total Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.27 2.50 8.00 2.27 2.50 8.00 2.27 2.50 8.00 2.27 2.50 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 4.00 8.25 4.00 7.43 4.00 21.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 24.00 22.00 17.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 3.71 3.30 3.30 2.47 2.07 1.85 1.65 1.00 4.12 3.30 14.85 13.20 9.04 2.47 3.70 5.00 4.00 2.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 The Bulletin. 81 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Tuscarora Phosphate and Potash Tnscarora Alkaline Bone Tuscarora Acid and Potash Tuscarora Bone and Potash Tuscarora Chief Fertilizer, No. 913 Tuscarora Trucker Fertilizer, No. S44 Boon's Special Tobacco Special Cotton Special Fertilizer, No. 833 Tuscarora Blood and Bone Berry King Tuscarora Tobacco Fertilizer Tuscarora Champion Tuscarora Champion Tobacco Grower King Cotton Tuscarora Fruit and Potato Tuscarora I'ertilizer, No. 8-2-5 Fertilizer. No. 823 Tuscarora Standard Tuscarora Standard Tobacco Grower Fertilizer, No. 813. Tuscarora Bone and Potash Tuscarora Bone and Potash Big Four (4) Fertilizer Manure Substitute Tankage Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit Union Guano Co., Winston-Salem, N. C. — Pure Raw Animal Bone Meal Total Raw Animal Bone Meal Total Union 10 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Union Pligh Grade Acid Phosphate Union Dissolved Bone Union 12-6 Bone and Potash Union 12-5 Bone and Potash Union 12-4 Bone and Potash Union 12-3 Bone and Potash Union 12-2 Bone and Potash Union 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Liberty Bell Crop Grower Union Prolific Cotton Compound Union Special Formula for Cotton Union Mule Brand Guano Grain Chemicals Union 10-6 Bone and Potash Union 10-5 Bone and Potash ; . Union 10-4 Bone and Potash Quakers Grain Mixture ' Giant Phosphate and Potash Finch & Harris's Special Bone and Potash . . . Union Bone and Potash 6 Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 6.00 10.00 , , 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.4' 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.4' 3.00 8.00 2.05 4.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.50 8.00 2.05 2.50 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 , , 5.00 8.00 , , 4.00 7.00 1.65 4.00 6.00 3.30 4.00 2.00 8.24 14.81 50.00 .... 50.00 .... 12.00 22.50 3.71 22.50 2.4' ' 16.00 , , .... 14.00 , , • • > • 13.00 , , .... 12.00 . , 6.00 12.00 , , 5.00 12.00 , , 4.00 12.00 , , 3.00 12.00 2.00 12.00 10.50 1.50 10.00 3.2i ) 4.00 laoo 2.4' 3.00 10.00 1.6f ) 2.00 10.00 l.Oi } 6.00 10.00 , . 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 , , 4.00 10.00 , , 4.00 10.00 , ^ 3.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 , -J 2.00 82 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Union Renown Guano Union Perfect Cotton Grower Union Complete Cotton Mixture Farmers' Blood and Bone Guano Dixie Cotton Grower Q. and Q. (Quality and Quantity) Guano.... Union Approved Crop Grower Union Guano for Cotton and Tobacco Union Premium Guano Union Homestead Guano Victoria High Grade ToIukco Fertilizer Union Water Fowl Guano Union Standard Tobacco Grower Union Potato IMIxture Christian's Siwcial Tol)acco Grower Old Honesty Guano Fish Brand AnnnoniatiHl Guano for Tobacco.. Old Honesty Tobacco Guano Fish Brand Annnoniated Guano Union Superlative Guano Sunrise Ainmoniated Guano Union S H Bono and Potash Union Wheat Mixture Union Vesetable Compound Union Truck Guano Complete Mixture for Top Dressing Sjiecial 10 Per Cent Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Union Top Dresser INIuriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kaiuit United States Fertiliser- Co., Baltimore, Md. — Raw Bone xMeal Total Farm Bell Acid Phosphate Farm Bell Acid Phosphate Farm Bell Phospho. Potasso Farm feell Potash and Acid Farm Bell 10-5 Mixture Farm Bell Special Mixture Farm Bell Alkaline Mixture Farm Bell Big Yield Farm Bell Buckeye Guano Farm Bell Blood, Bone and Potash Farm Bell Excelsior Guano Farm Bell Majestic Guano Farm Bell Cotton Special Farm Bell Tobacco Special Farm Bell Tobacco Fertilizer Farm Bell Tomato Special Farm Bell Crop Grower Farm Bell Fruit and Potato Animal Ammoniated Farm Bell Standard Guano Farm Bell Wheat, Oat and Corn Special Farm Bell Pennant Winner Farm Bell Phosphate and Potash Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.05 1.00 8.88 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 ,82 4.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 > ■ • • 5.00 8.00 .... 4,00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 4.00 GAS 4.00 2.00 8.24 14.8S 2.50 » .... 7.42 3.00 48.00 48,00 12.00 22.50 3.69 10.00 ■ • • .... 14.00 .... 12.00 5.00 10.00 . * . 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 . • • 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.4' 1 4.00 9.00 .8! 2 2.00 8.00 4.1- I 7.00 8.00 3.2J ? 7.00 8.00 3.2) ? 4.00 8.00 2.4 7 3.00 8.00 2.4' 7 3.00 8.00 2.4( 3 4.00 8.00 2.0 3 3.00 8.00 2.0 5 3.00 8.00 1.6 5 10.00 8.00 1.6 5 5,00 8.00 1.6 5 2.00 8.00 .8 2 6.00 8.00 .8 2 4.00 8.00 . . . 5.00 The Bulletin. 83 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Farm Bell Wheat and Grass Grower Farm Bell Truckers' Ideal Farm Bell Potato and Tobacco Guano Farm Bell Klimax Kompound Farm Bell 7 Per Cent Trucker Farm Bell Trucker's Favorite Farm Bell Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 > • . . 4.00 7.00 4.11 8.00 7.00 2.47 10.00 7.00 .82 4.00 G.OO 5.75 5.00 G.OO 3.28 8.00 4.00 6.56 2.00 • • . • 20.50 15.50 50.00 48.00 12.00 Union Abattoir Co.. Baltimore, Mil., and Rich- mond, Va. — Red Star Acid Phosphate Red Star Acid Phosphate Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Brand Tobacco Compound Red Star Brand Cotton Guano Red Star Early Truck and Tobacco Guano. . . Red Star Grain and Grass Special Gilt Edge Mixture Red Star Cotton and Tobacco Guano Red Star Tobacco Fertilizer Red Star Cotton Guano Red Star Standard Red Star • . . . . 14.00 • • • • . . . . 12.00 • ■ ■ • 5.00 12.00 ■ • • • 3.00 10.00 • • • • 5.00 10.00 • • < > 4.00 10.00 • • < • 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 3.28 2.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 7.00 2.46 10.00 7.00 2.46 5.00 6.00 5.75 5.00 6.00 4.10 15.23 7.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 > < . * • ■ > ■ 14.00 > • > • . * . ■ 10.00 «... 4.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 7.00 4.11 8.00 7.00 4.11 6.00 84 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Upshur's 7 Per Cent Special Potato Guano. . . Upshur's 6-4-4 Guano Upshur's Norfolk Special 10 Per Cent Upshur's 5 Per Cent Guano Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit VenaMe Fertiliser Co., Richmond, Va. — Pure Animal Bone Total Pure Raw Bone Total Venahle Best Acid Phosphate H. G. Acid Phosphate Venable's Dissolved Bone Veuable's Standard Acid Phosphate Venable's Corn, Wheat and Grass Fertilizer. . High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture Bone and Potash Mixture Venable's Carolina Favorite Roanoke Mixture Roanoke Meal ^Mixture Venable's B. B. P. Manure Venable's 5 Per Cent Trucker Venable's 4 Per Cent Trucker Venable's H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer Ballard's Choice Fertilizer Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manure. No. 1 . . . Venable's Cotton Grower Venable's Roanoke Special Venable's Ideal Manure Our Union Tobacco Fertilizer Venable's Meal Mixture Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manure, No. 2. . . . Our Union Special Fertilizer Planters' Bone Fertilizer Venable's Peanut Special Venable's Alliance Bone and Potash Mixture. Venable's Peanut Grower Venable's 10 Per Cent Trucker Venable's 6-6-6 Manure Nitrate of Soda Special Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Pure German Kainit Vance Guano Co., Henderson, N. C. — Best Grade Acid Phosphate Vance High Grade Acid Phosphate Vance Corn and Grain Grower Bone and Potash Compound Farmers' Union High Grade Brodie's Best B. B Fish Brand Tobacco Manure Sterling Cotton Grower Hot Stuff Vance Top Dresser Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potasli. Acid. .5.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 5.00 8.23 2.00 7.00 4.11 14.80 5.00 49.00 48.00 12.00 M 25.00 2.47 22.50 3.70 .... 10.00 • > • < 14.00 .... 13.00 12.00 .... . . • . 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 • * . * 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 6.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.20 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 8.00 4.11 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.0() . > • . 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 6.00 8.23 2.00 6.00 4.94 15.63 6.00 .... 7.30 3.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 .... 14.00 . • . ■ .... 10.00 .82 3.50 10.00 ■ . . ■ 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 3.00 8.23 5.00 The Bulletin. 85 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co., Richmond, Ya. — V.-C. C. Co.'s Floats Total V.-C. 0. Co.'s Concentrated Acid Phosphate. . V.-C. C. Co.'s Pure Raw Bone Total V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Bone and Potash. V.-C. C. Co.'s 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. . , . V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Ammoniated V.-C. C. Co.'s Climax Potash Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate V.-C. C. Co.'s Sludg:e Acid Phosphate V.-C. C. Co.'s 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. . . V.-C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Animal Bone V.-C. C. Co.'s 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate V.-C. C. Co.'s Special High Grade Potash Mix- ture V.-C. C. Co.'s H. G. Potash Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Goodman's Special Potash Mix- ture V.-C. C. Co.'s 12-4 Grain Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Wythe County Potash Mixture. V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Crop Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Battle's Crop Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Acid Phosphate V.-C. C. Co.'s Home Comfort Acid Phosphate. V.-C. C. Co.'s Virginia 11-5 Bone and Potash. V.-C. C. Co.'s Electric H. G. Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Ideal Crop Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Grain Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Sovereign Crop Producer V.-C. C. Co.'s Ford's Wheat and Corn Guano. . V.-C. C. Co.'s Grain Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Standard Bone and Potash V.-C. C. Co.'s Crescent Potash Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Potash Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash. . . . V.-C. C. Co.'s Best H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer. . V.-C. C. Co.'s Great Texas Cotton Grower Sol- uble Guano V -C. C. Co.'s 3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer V.-C. O. Co.'s Jeffrey's High Grade Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s N. and R.'s Best A^-C. C. Co.'s Southern Cotton Grower C. S. M. V.-C. C. Co.'s Powell's Special H. G. C. S. M.. . V.-C. C. Co.'s Vececo Cotton Grower C. S. M.. . V.-C. C. Co.'s Cotton Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Best's Special Cotton Grower. . . V.-C. C. Co.'s Prolific Cotton Grower C. S. M. . V.-C. C. Co.'s White Stem C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Standard Cotton Grower C. S. M. V.-C. C. Co.'s Bumper Crop Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Soluble Guano High Grade Ani- mal Bone V.-C. C. Co.'s Cuban Special Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s No. 923 Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Reliable Cotton Brand Fertilizer. V.-C. C. Co.'s North State Guano C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Grain Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Bigelow's Crop Guano Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 27.00 24.00 .... 22.50 3.71 • • • • 20.00 • • • • 4.00 17.00 . • . . ■ ■ ■ ■ 16.00 3.29 4.00 16.00 • • • • 2.00 16.00 • • ■ • 14.00 • • • • 14.00 • • • • • • • • 13.00 2.06 ■ ■ • • 13.00 12.00 6.00 12.00 5.00 12.00 5.00 12.00 > ■ > • 4.00 12.00 ■ ■ • > 3.00 12.00 • • . . 3.00 12.00 . • . . 3.00 12.00 ■ ■ • • • • • • 12.00 • • . . • • > • 11.00 • • • > 5.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 5.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 2.50 10.00 • • • • G.OO 10.00 • • . • 5.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 . • . . 2.00 9.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 2.47 4.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.29 2.00 9.00 2.26 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.06 5.00 9.00 1.86 3.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 1.03 2.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8G The Bulletin, Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. y -C. C. Co.'s Tiger Brand ^ • • • 0.00 1.00 3.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Burnhardt's Grain and Crop ^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ Guano ,' A ' ' • ' V.-C. C. Co.'s Mccormick's Wheat and Gram ^^^ ^^ ^^^ Guano ; ' A' ' V ' ^' ' " V.-C. C. Co.'s Myatt's Special High Grade Fei- tilizer Special •••• °-^^ V -C C Co.'s Powhatan Crop Mixture • fe-oU V-C C Go's Pelican Peruvian Guano (Peli- 'can Track Grower and Top Dresser) 8.00 V -C. C. Co.'s Muse's Special »-^ V -C C. Co.'s Long Leaf Tobacco Grower S-UO V -c' C. Co.'s Fish and Meal Mixture «W V -C. C. Co.'s Carr's Crop Grower ^-W V -C C Co.'s Farmers' Choice ^-^ v'.-C. C. Co.'s John F. Croom & Bro. Fish and Meal Mixture ^^ V.-C. C. Co.'s Special .• • • °XX V-C C. Co.'s Nowell & Richardson's Special. 8.0U V -C. C. Co.'s Groom's Crop Grower »-00 v'-C. C. Co.'s High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer. . b.OO v'-C C Co.'s Excelsior H. G. Special »-W v'.-C. C. Co.'s Lion's High Grade Tobacco Fer- , ... o.UU tilizer Qf^ V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Success • • • • • • • • ^-^ V-C C Co.'s Groom's Special Cotton Fertilizer. S.OO V-C C. Co.'s Menhaden Fish and Meal Mix- ■ ^ o.OO V.-c! C. Co.'s Best'sH. G. Cotton and Tobacco . ^^ .... o.UO Guano • • o nn V -C C. Co.'s Diamond C. S. M ^-^^ V-C C Co.'s Jumbo Peruvian Guano, Jumbo Crop Grower • • • ■■■ «-^ V -C C Co.'s Oldham's Special Compound for Tobacco. High Grade ^JJJ V.-C. C. Co.'s Blake's Best ■■■■■■■■ ■■■ ^"^ V-C C Co.'s Royal High Grade Fertilizer... 8.00 v".-C. C. Co.'s Si>ecial High Grade Tobacco Fer- .... o.UU tilizer oan V.-C. C. Co.'s Adams' Special ■ »-^ V-C C. Co.'s Peruvian H. G. Tobacco Guano. 8.00 v"-c' C Co.'s Red Cliffe H. G. Cotton Grower. 8.00 v!-C. C. Co.'s Zeno Special Compound for To- bacco H. G • • Qf^^. V -C C. Co.'s Gold Medal H. G. Tobacco Guano. 8.00 V -C C Co.'s 3-8-3 Tobacco Fertilizer 8.UU v!-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Friend Favorite Fer- , ... o.UU tilizer ■; ■ Q nn V.-C. C. Co.'s Atlas Guano C. S. M »u^ V.-C. C. Co.'s Admiral C. S. M 8.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Good Luck C. S. M 8-W V.-C. C. Co.'s Split Silk C. S. M. . . ■■-■■- - ^-^ V.-C. C. Co.'s 3 Per Cent Special C. S. M. ^ -v-„ O .... O.UU Guano, >*o. 3 „ „^ 8.00 8.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Orange Grove Guano V-C C. Co.'s Delta C. S. M. v'.-C. C. Co.'s Royal Crown. V-C. C. Co.'s Superlative C. S. M. Guano. ... 8.00 v'.-C. C. Co.'s Blue Star C. S. M. .••••••.•■•••• ^^^ V -C C Co.'s Potato and Cabbage Special .... 8.0U 1.65 2.09 1.G5 1.50 4.12 5.00 3.70 7.00 3.29 5.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 10.00 2.47 5.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.09 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.09 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 2.50 2.47 2..50 2.47 2.50 2.47 2.50 2.47 2.00 2.2G 2.50 2.26 2.50 2.26 2.00 2.06 3.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 lO.OO The Bulletin. 87 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. V.-C. C. Co.'s Smith's Irish Potato Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Pace's 5 Per Cent Special Po- tato Guano Y.-C. C. Co.'s Boon's Favorite V.-C. C. Co.'s Monarch Brand V.-C. C. Co.'s Virginia Bone Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Valley Pride V.-C. C. Co.'s Corn and Peanut Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Winston Special for Cotton V.-C. C. Co.'s Diamond Dust C. S'. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Plant Food C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Wilson's Standard C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Ajax C. S. M. Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Favorite Fertilizer C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Monarch Wheat and Grass Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Peanut Gi'ower V.-C. C. Co.'s Electric Grain and Grass Grower. V.-C. C. Co.'s Peerless Corn, Wheat and Grass Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Peanut Grower A^-C. C. Co.'s The Harvester V.-C. C. Co.'s Pinnacle Grain Grower A'.-C. C. Co.'s 8-5 Potash Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Potash Mixture for Peanuts V.-C. C. Co.'s Jones' Grain Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Wheat Compound V.-C. C. Co.'s Truck Crop Fertilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Konqueror H. G. Truck Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Pasquotank Trucker V.-C. C. Co.'s Potash Potato Producer V.-C. C. Co.'s Formula 44 for Bright Wrappers and Smokers V.-C. C. Co.'s Plant Bed and High Grade V.-C. C. Co.'s Invincible High Grade Fertilizer. V.-C. C. Co.'s Kitty Hawk Truck Fertilizer. . . V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Truck Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Money Maker for Cabbage and Potatoes , V.-C. C. Co.'s 10 Per Cent Top Dresser Extra H. G V.-C. C. Co.'s Dewberry Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Dewberry Special Extra H. G.. . V.-C. C. Co.'s High Grade Top Dresser V.-C. C. Co.'s Sulphate of Ammonia V.-C. C. Co.'s Nitrate of Soda V.-C. C. Co.'s Blood V.-C. C. Co.'s Fish Scrap V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Top Dresser V.-C. C. Co.'s Muriate of Potash V.-C. C. Co.'s Sulphate of Potash V.-C. C. Co.'s Manure Salts V.-C. C. Co.'s Kainit Allison & Addison's Fulton Acid Phosphate. . Allison & Addison's I. X. L. Acid Phosphate. . Allison & Addison's Standard Acid Phosphate. Allison & Addison's Rocketts Acid Phosphate. Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash, Acid. 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 7.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 5.00 8.00 4.00 8.00 4.00 8.00 4.00 7.00 4.i: 2 7.00 7.( 30 4.12 5.00 7.( 30 3.29 8.00 7.00 3.29 8.00 7.( 30 2.55 3.20 7.00 2.26 6.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.1! 2 7.00 6.00 1.65 10.00 4.00 8.24 4.00 4.00 6.59 4.00 6.50 4.00 4.00 6.17 2.50 , , 20.59 14.82 13.18 8.24 7.40 3.00 48.00 • ... 48.00 . 20.00 12.00 14.( )0 .... 1.3.( )0 12.( 10 .... 1 2.( K) • • • •■ 88 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Allison & Addison's McGavock's Special Pot- ash Mixture Allison & Addison's B. P. Potash Mixture. . . . Allison & Addison's Star Special Tobacco Ma- nure Allison & Addison's Star Brand Special H. G. Allison «& Addison's Star Brand Guano Allison & Addison's Little Giant Grain and Grass Grower Allison & Addison's Anchor Brand Tobacco Fertil izer Allison «& Addison's Star Brand Vegetable Guano Allison & Addison's A. A. Guano Allison & Addison's Anchor Brand Fertilizer. Allison & Addison's Old Hickory Guano Allison & Addison's Peanut Grower Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka Acid Phosphate Atlantic and Virginia .Fertilizer Co.'s Valley of Virginia Phosphate Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Cren- shaw Acid Phosphate Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Our Acid Phosphate Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka Bone and Potash Compound Atlantic and Virginia I'ertilizer Co.'s Eureka Amnioniated Bone Special for Tobacco Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Orient Complete Manure Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia Truckers Atlantic and Vix'giuia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka Animoniated Bone Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Orient Special for Tobacco Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Peanut Grower Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Carolina Truckers Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s 15 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Charlotte Oil iand Fertilizer Co.'s Catawba Bone Phosphate Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Acid Phos- phate Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Dayvault's Special Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Dissolved Bone Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Oliver's Per- fect Wheat Grower Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s 10-2 Bone and Potash Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s High Grade Special Tobacco Fertilizer Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Queen of the Haiwest C. S. M Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 10.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 • 2.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 2.26 2.06 1.65 2.00 5.00 1.00 9.00 1.00 2.00 8.50 2.26 2.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 3.70 2.47 1.65 1.65 1.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 16.00 14.00 .... .... 13.00 .... .... 12.00 .... 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.06 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 15.00 .... .... 14.00 .... 13.00 .... .... 12.00 .... 6.00 12.00 .... .... 11.00 2.47 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.06 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 The Bulletin. 89 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s MeCrary's Diamond Bone and Potash Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Groom's Special Tobacco Fertilizer Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Catawba Guano B. G Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Special 3 Per Cent Guano C. S. M Chai-Iotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated Guano B. G Charlotte Oil and B^'ertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated Guano C. S. M Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s The Leader B. G Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s King Cotton Grower Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade Acid Phosphate Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade Dissolved Bone Davie & ^^aiittle's Owl Brand Acid Phosphate. Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Dissolved Bone. Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Acid Phosphate with Potash Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade 3 Per Cent Soluble Guano "T Davie & Whittle's Owl Bx-and Special Tobacco Guano Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Truck Guano.. Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Guanb for To- bacco Davie & Whittle's Vinco Guano Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Guano Davie & Whittle's Peanut Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durham Best Acid Phosphate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard High Grade Acid Phosphate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Excelsior Dissolved Bone Phosphate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blacksburg Dissolved Bone Durham Fertilizer Co.'s N. C. Farmers' Alli- ance OfBcial Acid Phosphate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Double Bone Phos- phate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Acid Phosphate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Great Wheat and Corn Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Diamond Wheat Mix- ture Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Wheat and Corn Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blue Ridge Wheat Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Wheat Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durham Bone and Potash Mixture Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. ' Potash. 9.00 .... 3.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.06 1.50 8.00 2.06 1.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 16.00 .... .... 14.00 13.00 12.00 .... 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.06 3.00 9.00 8.00 2.06 4.94 2.00 5.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 2.47 1.65 1.65 1.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 16.00 .... .... 14.00 .... .... 14.00 .... .... 13.00 .... .... 13.00 .... .... 13.00 12.00 • • • • • > • • 10.50 .... 1.50 10.00 .... 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 10.00 .... 2.00 10.00 .... 2.00 10.00 2.00 90 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Durham Fertilizer Co.'s L. & M. Special 9.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Guano.... 9.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Ammouiated Fer- tilizer 9.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Special Plant and Truck Fertilizer 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durham High Grade. 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Gold Medal Brand Guano 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Yellow Leaf Tobacco Guano 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s N. C. Farmers' Alli- ance Official Guano 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Pride of Durham To- bacco Grower 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Raw Bone Superphos- phate for Tobacco 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Raw Bone Superphos- phate 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Genuine Bone and Pe- ruvian Guano 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Genuine Bone and Peruvian Tobacco Guano 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blaclcsburg Soluble Guano 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Progressive Farmer Guano 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Peanut Grower 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Carr's Special Wheat Grower 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Best Potato Manure. 7.00 Lvnchburg Guano Co.'s Ironside Acid Phos- phate 16.00 Lvnchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg High Grade "Acid Phosphate 14.00 Lvnchburg Guano Co.'s Arvonia Acid Phos- ■phate 13.00 Lvnchburg Guano Co.'s Spartan Acid Phos- phate 12.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Alpine Mixture 10.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s S. W. Special Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00 Lvnchburg Guano Co.'s Dissolved Bone and ■potash 10.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Independent Standard. 8.50 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Bright Belt Guano... 8.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Solid Gold Tobacco.. 8.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s New Era 8.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg Soluble. . 8.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg Soluble for Tobacco 8.00 Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Reliable Acid Phosphate 14.00 Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Best Acid Phosphate 13.00 Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Soluble Bone 12.00 Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Bone and Potash 10.00 Nitrogen. Potaeh. 2.47 1.65 1.65 4.12 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.00 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.00 5.76 1.65 2.47 2.26 1.65 1.65 1.65 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 7.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 The Bulletin. 91 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Norfolk aud Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Trucker and Tomato Grower Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Amazon High Grade Manure Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Amazon H. G. Special Tobacco Guano Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Cooper's Bright Tobacco Fertilizer Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Genuine Slaughter House Bone Made Especially for Tobacco Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Crescent Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Genuine Slaughter House Bone Guano Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Peanut Grower Old Dominion Guano Co.'s High Grade Acid Phosphate Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Bone Phosphate. . . Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Royster's Acid Phosphate Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Obelisk Brand Bone and Potash Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Planter's Bone and Potash Mixture Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Al- kaline Bone and Potash Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Home's Cotton Fer- tilizer Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Standard Raw Bone Soluble Guano Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend High Grade Fertilizer Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Soluble Bone High Grade Special Tobacco Manure. Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend Special Tobacco Fertilizer Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Osceola Tobacco Guano Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend Fertilizer Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Spe- cial Wheat Guano Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Sol- uble Tobacco Guano Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Bullock's Cotton Guano Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Soluble Guano Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Peanut Grower...' Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Miller's Special Wheat Mixture Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion 7-7-7 Truck Guano Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Po- tato Manure Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 7 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 .... 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.06 3.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 1.65 1.65 1.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 6.00 5.76 6.00 92 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion 6-7-5 Truck Guano 6.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Spe- cial Sweet Potato Guano 6.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 10 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer 5.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Fulp's Acid Phosphate. 1.3.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Best Acid Phosphate 13.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Acid Phosphate. 12.00 Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Cptton Brand Acid Phosphate 12.00 Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Acid Phosphate and Potash 10.50 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Wheat Mixture. 10.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Stand- ard Guano 9.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Truck Farmers' Special Aramoniated Guano 8.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Ammoni- ated Dissolved Bone 8.00 Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Old Kentucky High Grade Manure 8.00 Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Belt Ammoniated Guano 8.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Carolina Golden Belt Ammoniated Guano for Tobacco 8.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Powei's' Ammoniated Guano 8.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Gibbs' Ammoniated Guano 8.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Soluble Am- moniated Guano 8.00 Powers, Gibbs »& Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Solu- ble Ammoniated Guano : 8.00 Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Eagle Island Ammoni- ated 8.00 Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Peanut Grower 8.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Comet 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Chick's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Red Cross 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Victor Acid Phos- phate 13.00 Southei'n Chemical Co.'s Chatham Acid Phos- phate 13.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Reaper Grain Appli- cation 12.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Tar Heel Acid Phos- phate 12.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Horseshoe Acid Phos- phate 12.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Quickstep Bone and Potash 11.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 5.76 5.00 1.65 6.00 8.24 2.50 2.47 3.29 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.00 1.50 3.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 5.00 The Bulletin. 93 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Southern Chemical Co.'s Solid South Southern Chemical Co.'s Winner Grain Mix- ture Southern Chemical Co.'s Farmers' Pride Bone and Potash Southern Chemical Co.'s Winston Bone and Potash Southern Chemical Co.'s Mammoth Corn Grower Southern Chemical Co.'s Mammoth Wheat and Grass Grower Southern Chemical Co.'s Sun Brand Guano.. Southern Chemical Co.'s George Washington Plant Bed Fertilizer for Tobacco Southern Chemical Co.'s Pilot Ammoniated Guano Special for Tobacco Southern Chemical Co.'s Electric Tobacco Guano Southern Chemical Co.'s Electric Standard Guano Southern Chemical Co.'s Yadkin Complete Fer- tilizer Southern Chemical Co.'s Chick's Special Wheat Compound J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Powhatan Acid Phos- phate J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s TinsLey's Dissolved S. C. Bone J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Brand Acid Phosphate J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Bone and Pot- ash Mixture J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Powhatan Tobacpo Fer- tilizer J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Tobacco Fer- tilizer J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Richmond Brand Guano. J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Peruvian H. G. Tobacco Guano J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Killickinick Tobacco Mix- ture J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Appomattox Standard Tobacco Grower J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Lee Brand Guano J. G. Tin.sley & Co.'s Stonewall Brand Guano. J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Tobacco Guano J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Peanut Grower J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Special Irish Potato Guano J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's 7 Per Cent Am- moniated Guano for Beans, Peas, Cabbage, Strawberries J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Irish Potato Guano J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Strawberry Grower J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Top Dresser. . . 6.00 Avail. Plios. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 10.00 6.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 10.00 .... 2.00 lO.OO 9.00 '2.06 2.00 5.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.00 14.00 .... . . . . 13.00 .... 12.00 .... 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 8.00 3.29 2.47 2.50 3.00 8.00 2.47 8.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 1.65 1.65 1.65 2.00 2.00 2.00 8.00 8.00 1.65 1.00 2.00 4.00 5.76 6.00 6.00 5.76 6.00 6.00 4.94 6.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 5.00 9.06 • • > • 94 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Avail. J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's 10 Per Cent Truck Guauo 5.00 R. W. Travers «& Co.'s Champion Acid Phos- phate 16.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Ti-avers' Dissolved Acid Phosphate 14.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Standard Dissolved S. C. Rone 13.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Dissolved Bone. 12.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Bone and Pot- ash Compound 10.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s National Tobacco Fer- tilizer s.r.o S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Truck Fer- tilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Tobacco Fer- tilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Big Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Cotton Fer- tilizer 8.00 g. W. Travers & Co.'s National Fertilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s National Special To- bacco Fertilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Beef, Blood and Bone Fertilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Peanut Grower . 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Travers' Special Wheat Compound 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Travers' 7 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer 0.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Bull Run Acid Phnsphate 10.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Brand Acid Phosphate 14.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Clipper Brand Acid Phosphate 13.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Lurich Acid Phosphate 12.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Alps Brand Acid Phosphate 12.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Mountain Top Bone and Potash 10.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s XX Potash Mix- ture , 10.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Number One Soluble Bone f 900 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Highland King. 9.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gamecock Spe- cial for Tobacco 8.50 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia State High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Bull Dog Solu- ble Guano 8.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Dunnington's Special Formula for Tobacco 8.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Peerless To- bacco Guano 8.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 8.24 2.50 2.00 l.So 2.25 3.29 3.00 3.29 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.00 1.05 2.00 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.05 1.00 2.00 4.00 . . . . 4.00 5.70 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 1.05 1.05 2.00 1.00 1.05 2.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 The Bulletin. 95 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Buffalo Guano. Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Austrian To- bacco Grower Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Spe- cial Tobacco Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Battle Axe To- bacco Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia State Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Brand Dissolved Bone and Potash Johnston's Best .*. Baltimore Special Mixture Indian Brand for Tobacco Tl\omas Wakefield, Friendship, N. C- Pure Bone Meal Acid. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 2.0G 3.00 8.00 2.0G 2.00 8.00 2.0G 2.00 S.OO 1.G5 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.00 20.00 4.94 G.OO 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 . Total 21.00 4.10 WiUiams & Clark Fertilizer Co., Charleston, .S'. C— Standard Americus Ammoniated Bone Super- phosphate Winbwne-Broivn Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. — High Grade Acid Phosphate. . Standard Acid Phosphate. . . . Soluble Bone and Potash . . . . Big Triumph Guano Farmers Select Guano King Tammany Guano Winborne's Tobacco Guano.. Champion Crop Grower Winborne's Excelsior Guano. Standard Eureka Guano Climax Peanut Guano Premium Top Di-esser Big Crop 7 Per Cent Guano. Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit T. W. Wood d- a9o».9, Richmond, Vq.— Wood's Pure Animal Bone Meal Total Stanrlard H. G. Acid Phosphate Standard High Grade Acid Phosphate Standard Bone and Potash Mixture Standard Corn Fertilizer Standard Wheat Fertilizer. ... Stanrlard High Grade Trucker Fertilizer Standard Market Grower Fertilizer Standard Vegetable Fertilizer Standard Potato Fertilizer Standard Grain and Grass Fertilizer Standard Crop Grower Fertilizer Special 5-G-7 Guano Wood's Lawn Enricher Winbourn's Top Dresser. Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit 9.00 23.00 IG.OO 14.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 S.OO 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 1.85 .GO 1.23 1.23 4.93 3.29 2.47 1.65 1.65 1.03 4.10 2.47 7.40 15.63 1.00 16.00 . .... • • . ■ 14.00 .... 10.00 .... 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 6.00 7.40 3.00 5.00 5.75 15.00 5.00 50.00 12.00 2.00 1.00 d.oo 6.00 4.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 7.00 3.00 3.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 96 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Wessell, Duval d Co., N. Y. and Wilmington — Nitrate of Soda Wilsoti Chemical Company, Wilson, X. C. — IG Per Cent Acid Pbospliate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Bone and Potash Mixture No. 3 Bone and Potash Mixture No. 2 Bone and Potash Mixture No. 1 8-4.50-8 for Tobacco 8-4.50-7 for Cotton Wilson Chemical Co.'s T3old Medal Cotton Fertilizer Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gold Medal Tobacco Fertilizer Planters Formula No. 1 for Fine Tobacco. . . . Planlers Formula No. 2 for Fine Tobacco. . . . Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gilt Edge Tobacco Grower East Carolina Cotton Grower East Carolina Tobacco Grower Cotton States Standard Nitrate of Soda ISIuriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit The J. R. Young Fertiliser Co.. 'Norfolk, Va. — High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Special Bone and Potash Compound Bone and Potash Mixture J. R. Young's 2% -0-2 Guano J. R. Young's 4-8-4 Crop Grower J. R. Young's 3-8-3 Guano for Cotton J. R. Young's New Process 3-8-3 Guano for Tobacco J. R. Young's New Process 2-8-2 Guano for Cotton, Corn and Peanuts Pasquotank 5-6-7 Potato Grower J. R. Young's Special Guano for Potatoes. . . J. R. Young's Improved Fish and Bone Ma- nure '. J. R. Young's 3-6-6 Special Guano for S. P. . . . J. R. Young's New Process Guano for Truck. J. R. Young's 4-4-6 Special for Tobacco Nitrate of Soda J. R. Young's German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 14.85 16.00 .... 14.00 . ■ • . 10.00 • • . . 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 8.00 3.70 7 00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 . 4.00 8.00 2.47 t 10.00 8.00 2.47 i 7.00 8.00 2.47 1 5.00 8.00 3.00 8.00 2.47 P 3.00 8.00 1.65 ' 2.00 > • • > 14.00 ^ ' • • • • .... .... 50.00 50.00 1^.00 16.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 6.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 6.00 2.47 6.00 5.00 5.67 3.50 4.00 3.29 14.85 6.00 12.00 LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR FEBRUARY, 1912. Pounds sold for producers, first hand 8,177,721 Pounds sold for dealers 348,617 Pounds resold for warehouses 9'42,143 Total 9,468,481 o THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, fJHr RALEIGH. Vol. 33, No. 4. APRIL, 1912. . hole No. 166. I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS— SPRING SEASON, 1912. IL REGISTRATION OF FERTILIZERS. PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-oflBce at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. VV. A. Graham, Commissioner, ei officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter ..Fairfield First District. K. W. Barnes Lucama --- .Second District. R. L. Woodard Pamlico ..-. Third District. I. H. Kearney Franklinton .._ Fourth District. R. W. Scott.. _ Haw River. Fifth District. A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District. J. P. McRae Laurinburg Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale .-. Eighth District. W. J. Shuford Hickory Ninth District. A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner. ELIAS CARR. Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. Pescud -. --- - Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn.. - --- - Bulletin Clerk. B. W. KILGORE. State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M PiCKEL. - . .Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood ...Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley --'- - - ...Assistant Chemist. E. L. WoRTHEN Soil Investigations. *\V. E. Hearn -Soil Survey. W. H. Strowd - Assistant Chemist. J. Q. J.A.CKSON - Assistant Chemist. E. W. Thornton Assistant Chemist. J. K. Plummer --- --- Soil Chemist. S. O. Perkins -- Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch... - - Clerk. F. S. PucKETT --- Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY - ..Curator of Museum. T. \V. Adickes Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr. Entomologist. Z. P. Metcalf - Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN Veterinarian. B. B . Flowe --- Second Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. EATON - Dairyman. R. W. Grabber - ...Assistant Dairyman. A. M. Flanery Assistant Dairyman. W.N. HUTT Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist. O. M. Clark Second Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER - ...Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray Assistant Director. W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist. W. A. Smith - Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Bell. Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS .Agronomist. G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist. tE. G. MOSS Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tE. H. M.^thewson Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work. T. F. Parker Assistant Boys' Corn Club Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Ed?ecomb8 Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. CoLLETT, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. •Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. Raleigh, N". C, April 15, 1912. Sir : — I submit herewith analyses of fertilizers made in the labora- tory of samples collected during the spring. These analyses show fer- tilizers to be about as heretofore, and to be, generally, what was claimed for them. I recommend that it be issued as the April Bulletin. Very respectfully, B. W. KiLGORE, State Chemist. To Hon. William A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture. I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS— SPRING SEASON, 1912. By B. W. KILGORE, W. G. HAYWOOD, J. M. PICKEL, J. Q. JACKSON and W. H. STROWD. The analyses presented in this Bulletin are of samples collected by the fertilizer inspectors of the Department, under the direction of the Commissioner of Agriculture, during the spring months of 4912. They should receive the careful study of every farmer in the State who uses fertilizers, as by comparing the analyses in the Bulletin with the claims made for the fertilizers actually used, the farmer can know by or before the time fertilizers are put in the ground whether or not they contain the fertilizing constituents in the amounts they were claimed to be present. TERMS USED IN ANALYSES. Water-soluhle Phosphoric Acid. — Phosphate rock, as dug from the mines, mainly in South Carolina, Florida, and Tennessee, is the chief source of phosphoric acid in fertilizers. In its raw, or natural state, the phosphate has three parts of lime united to the phosphoric acid (called by chemists tri-calcium phos- phate). This is very insoluble in water and is not in condition to be taken up readily by plants. In order to render it soluble in water and fit for plant food, the rock is finely ground and treated with sulphuric acid, which acts upon it in such a way as to take from the three-lime phosphate two parts of its lime, thus leaving only one part of lime united to the phosphoric acid. This one-lime phosphate is what is known as water-soluble phosphoric acid. Reverted Phosphoric Acid. — On long standing some of this water- soluble phosphoric acid has a tendency to take lime from other sub- stances in contact with it, and to become somewhat less soluble. This latter is known as reverted or gone-back phosphoric acid. This is thought to contain two parts of lime in combination with the phos- phoric acid, and is thus an intermediate product between water-soluble and the original rock. Water-soluble phosphoric acid is considered somewhat more valuable than reverted, because it becomes better distributed in the soil as a con- sequence of its solubility in water. Available PhosphoHc Acid is made up of the water-soluble and re- verted ; it is the sum of these two. Water-soluhle Ammonia. — The main materials furnishing ammonia in fertilizers are nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, cotton-seed meal, dried blood, tankage, and fish scrap. Thfe first two of these (nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia) are easily soluble in water and be- come well distributed in the soil where plant roots can get at them. 6 The Bulletin. They are, especially the nitrate of soda, ready to be taken up by plants, and are therefore quick-acting forms of ammonia. It is mainly the ammonia from nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia that will be designated under the heading of water-soluble ammonia. Organic Ammonia. — The ammonia in cotton-seed meal, dried blood, tankage, fish scrap, and so on, is included under this heading. These materials are insoluble in water, and before they can feed plants they must decay and have their ammonia changed, by the aid of the bacteria of the soil, to nitrates, similar to nitrate of soda. They are valuable then as plant food in proportion to their content of ammonia, and the rapidity with which they decay in the soil, or rather the rate of decay, will determine the quickness of their action as fertilizers. With short season, quick-growing crops, quickness of action is an important consideration, but with crops occupying the land during the greater portion or all of the growing season, it is better to have a fertilizer that will become available more slowly, so as to feed the plant till maturity. Cotton-seed meal and dried blood decompose fairly rapidly, but will last the greater portion, if not all, of the growing season in this State. While cotton seed and tankage will last longer than meal and blood, none of these act so quickly, or give out so soon, as nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia. Total Ammonia is made up of the water-soluble and organic; it is the sum of these two. The farmer should suit, as far as possible, the kind of ammonia to his different crops, and a study of the forms of ammonia as given in the tables of analyses will help him to do this. VALUATIONS. To have a basis for comparing the values of different fertilizer mate- rials and fertilizers, it is necessary to assign prices to the three valuable constituents of fertilizers — ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash. These figures, expressing relative value per ton, are not intended to rep- resent crop-producing power, or agricultural value, but are estimates of the commercial value of ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash in the materials supplying them. These values are only approximate (as the costs of fertilizing materials are liable to change, as other commercial products are), but they are believed to fairly represent the cost of mak- ing and putting fertilizers on the market. They are based on a careful examination of trade conditions, wholesale and retail, and upon quota- tions of manufacturers. Relative value per ton, or the figures showing this, represents the prices on board the cars at the factory, in retail lots of five tons or less, for cash. To make a complete fertilizer the factories have to mix together in proper proportions materials containing ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash. This costs something. For this reason it is thought well to The Bulletin. 7 r have two sets of valuations — one for the raw or unmixed materials, such as acid phosphate, kainit, cotton-seed meal, etc., and one for mixed fertilizers. The values used last season were : VALUATIONS FOR 1911. 1)1 Unmixed or Raw Materials. For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4 cents per pound. For phosphoric acid iu bone meal, basic slag, and Pe- ruvian guano .314 cents per pound. For nitrogen I9V2 cents per pound. For potash 5 cents per pound. In Mixed Fertilizers. For phosphoric acid 4i/^ cents per pound. For nitrogen 21 cents per pound. For potash 51/2 cents per pound. VALUATIONS FOR 1912. In Unmixed or Raw Materials. For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4 cents per pound. For phosphoric acid in bone meal, basic slag, and Pe- ruvian guano 31/2 cents per pound. For nitrogen ]0i/^ cents per pound. For potash 4 cents per pound. In Mixed Fertilizers. For phosphoric acid 4^2 cents per pound. For nitrogen 21 cents per pound. For potash 5 cents per pound. HOW RELATIVE VALUE IS CALCULATED. In the calculation of relative value it is only necessary to remember that so many per cent means the same number of pounds per hundred, and that there are twenty hundred pounds in one ton (2,000 pounds). With an 8-2-1.65 goods, which means that the fertilizer contains avail- able phosphoric acid 8 per cent, potash 2 per cent, and nitrogen 1.65 per cent, the calculation is made as follows : Percentarp or Lbs in 100 Ths ^'"'"^ ^^'' ^"^"^ ^^'" ^^"• ruceniage o) 1.0s. %n wo LOs. ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ 8 pounds available phosphoric acid at 4^2 cents... 0.36 X20= $ 7.20 2 pounds potash at 5 cents 0.10 X20= 2.00 1.65 pounds nitrogen at 21 cents 0..347x20= 6.94 Total value 0.817x20= $16.14 Freight and merchant's commission must be added to these prices. Freight rates from the seaboard and manufacturing centers to interior points are given in the folloAving table : 8 The Bulletin, Freight Rates from the Seaboard to Interior Points. — From the Published Rates of the Associated Railways of Virginia and the Carolinas. In car-loads, of not less than ten tons each, per ton of 2,000 pounds. Less than car-loads, add 20 per cent. Destination. From Wilmington, N. C. From Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va. From Charleston, S. C. From Richmond, Va. S 3.20 2.70 3.20 4.00 2.95 2.65 2.48 3.85 1.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.70 2.00 2.80 3.60 2.10 1.60 1.80 2.85 0.12 2.10 1.80 2.96 2.00 3.00 3.20 3.00 2.88 3.00 2.10 1.90 1.90 2.72 2.95 1.60 3.05 3.00 2.60 1.80 3.44 3.36 2.55 3.20 2.30 1.25 3.68 3.04 2.77 2.60 2.40 2.56 3.00 2.10 2.20 3.28 3.28 3.05 3.25 2.10 2.10 2.90 2.60 2.20 3.50 2.95 2.30 2.90 2.30 3.00 3.05 1.50 2.65 2.95 2.00 3.00 $ 3.20 $ 3.40 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.90 2.85 3.63 3.40 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.40 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.60 3.20 2.40 3.00 3.80 3.12 2.10 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.55 3.20 3.40 2.68 3.40 3.50 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.85 3.40 3.20 2.70 4.00 3.40 2.50 3.80 3.40 3.95 3.20 3.55 3.00 4.10 2.20 3.40 3.40 3.80 3.40 3.40 3.60 3.05 3.20 3.40 3.20 3.90 3.80 3.20 3.60 3.80 3.00 3.40 2.50 3.40 4.10 3.20 2.25 3.85 3.20 3.40 $ 3.20 3.00 Asheboro .. 3.20 4.00 3.20 3.20 2.86 3.60 3.00 3.00 2.40 3.60 3.20 3.00 2.80 2.83 3.20 2.60 3.80 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.50 2.80 3.00 3.00 2.83 3.60 3.08 2.88 3.00 2.80 2.40 3.40 3.60 3.00 3.60 3.00 3.00 3.20 3.40 2.40 3.20 3.60 3.40 2.90 1.75 3.20 2.83 3.25 3.30 3.00 2.83 2.96 3.00 2.50 2.80 3.20 3.65 3.20 3.00 2.80 3.60 3.60 2.80 3.20 2.83 2.40 3.60 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.00 1.75 1.90 2.60 3.00 3.20 4.00 Chapel Hill 3.20 Charlotte 3.20 Clayton 2.80 Cherry ville . 3.63 Clinton 3.00 Creed moor 3.00 2.40 Dallas 3.60 3.20 Dudley Dunn.. Durham Elkin 3.00 2.80 2.83 3.20 Elm City 2.60 Fair Bluff 3.80 3.00 3.06 Gaatonia Gibson 3.25 3.50 Goldsboro Greensboro Hamlet _. Henderson Hickory High Point 2.80 3.00 3.00 2.83 3.60 3.08 Hillsboro 2.88 Kerners ville 3.00 2.80 Laurel Hill 3.40 Laurinburg . . 3.40 Libert y 3.60 3.00 Lumberton 3.60 Macon 3.00 Madison . 3.00 Matthews 3.20 Maxton . 3.40 2.40 Mocksville 3.20 Morven _ 3.60 Mount Airy 3.40 2.90 New Bern 1.75 2.23 Oxford 2.83 3.20 Pittsboro - 3.30 Polkton . . . 3.00 Raleigh... Reidsville Rockingham Rocky Mount . 2.83 2.36 3.00 2.50 Ruffin. Rural Hall.. 2.20 3.20 Rutherfordton Salisbury Sanford Selma Shelbv Siler Citv . 3.65 3.20 3.00 2.80 3.60 3.60 Smithfield 2.80 Statesville Stem Tarboro Waco.- Wadesboro •Walnut Cove.. . . 3.20 2.83 2.40 3.60 3.00 3.00 'Warrenton . 3.25 3.00 1.50 Weldon 1.90 Wilson 2.60 3.00 The Bulletin. 03 o a o O ■■BTUOUIUiy o^ iuajBAinbg; aiqnfos •ptoy OTJOtjdsoqj ajqujiBAy CO o o CO CO CD § t^ CO I— 1 t- b- i-H CO 00 1^ g CO CO «a- »o tn t^ CO 1^ t^ I-^ CO GO «o Ci l^ CO CO CI t^ s s s § s »>• to ^ ■* CM T— § CCI CM CM to g ^ 1-. r-l CO (N c3 a o a o n d O o a c3 3 o a a o I c o u -a si o o M ^ E c o (^ PL, S f^ 0,^T3 DO 03 > O d O o c3 O O o o .01 o O ci _g O -a o o is o a i o — I? cj 2; w & o O. o tn so a 02 O a C3 D o J 03 W ^ 03 .3 p « Q O 03 -«^ 03 OS O d O J3 o d O ^ i:; 3 C4 > O d O ai 3 O OQ =3 J3 3 03 « o a 03 d o ■a f^ .2 & C3 bO oj u « 03 O 6 O o a 03 3 O 03 a 3 O O o a c3 3 O a 3 o U O a o C3 tn 03 : O a o ■+^ o tf. d a o a 03 3 O o U 3 03 o oo' -3 O o & o (2; o 3 03 3 o 3 -T3 O " ft a a ft a 03 > O 6 O oo t^ ^H ^H ■6 n-c ti a Farm N. Impe 03 a fe l^ 10 The Bulletin. ^B uox -lad enjB^ SAiiBja'jj OX O < m O J O o o u o <5 CM o c B o O IB^OJ, •■Binouiniv o* ijua|BAjnba •naSoaiijs^ •naSoji;i>j oiubSJo ■UOSOJltNJ aiqujos •ppv ouoqdsotjj aiqB|iBAy C3 a 2 o i 03 Id N fa Q 3 a t3 < a 03 B 03 •jaquin^ XjoiBJoqBq CO Ci O ^H >o 00 to 00 to iC to r^ CT2 cc »o 0 to T— CO CI CO M CO t^ CM -* CM M< CO t^ r^ GC -.0 r^ C3 CO I^ 0 t^ CO 0 t^ X t^ t^ t» o *-H M CO 00 (M 0 0 00 Ci to o CO o Cv| o> to 00 CO C_ 1^ ■* a> 0 CJ CSI cq (N ^ IM l !M c-l (M - t^ 0 ci CO 00 0 ci Oi t^ 00 00 CO CM 00 - GO 0 ; o ■^ ■* CI 00 0 CO •^ T« ^ 0 ■»i* CI CI -# CI iO 00 :;3 to 00 (M c■^ c;^ 00 ^ r-- r^ 1 i *— 1 '"^ '"' '^ '"' '"' : o o c^ to 00 -^ 0 c-^ CI '"' '"' "^ ^^ '^ —I '"' o o ^^ ira 0 t^ 0 CO 0 10 •0 ■* cr> l-O 00 10 OS o (M •^ CO 00 C3 (5 d :3 0 "3 a -a 3 C3 3 (§ .8 1 c3 a 3 a 1 w i 2 c3 > "3 0 S -0 iedmont Special for lanters' Standard Fc 1 ft t^ ft 3 0 s CTl 0 is 2 0 3 0 .4^ 0 '5) 03 3 S pa E _3 s 0 3 0 P5 's. '3 0 S S < ■0 3 PQ 1^ < S5 *c 0 (U Pu PL, p. (^ Ph is PL, U^ fa i ; 1 \ ] 0 0 i J (h t ' ' 1 • 0 C3 ' ' d d ' 0 J ■3 a 6 -*^ s X 0 ^ ci i ; s 0 6 > ■6 0 S 2 1 "3 c 0 ..J M 3 1 i t 0 B « 6 c eg d 3 0 a 1 d s" 2 pq s 3 0 0 -3 3 0 E .3 s 6 > S (5 z 6 0 d z 3" 2 CQ c 1 o o a 03 3 o S d U Q c '3 6 U N i c g 0 C3 d a 1 E u 0 "s C3 s 1 mont-Mount Airy d. do iters Fertilizer and n, S. C. imoke Guano Co., 0 1 0 1 C3 6 0 6 3 0 a 0 3 6 fa 2 6 0 3 c! 3 3 0 1 g > 01 r- SS J2§ 0 0 0 3 s S I? , 0 (C ft. Ah PlH ftl Pi 5 P5 U) OQ ^H ,_, ,^ 0 ^H CO t^ e-3 t^ ?° "5 ■* 0 0 0 Ci t^ 0; »o »o 0 0 CO cq 1— < N CO 1—1 (M •^ *^ The Bulletin. 11 b- ^ r-^ co CO CO t^ CO o CO ci OJ CI o s C-l CI CI CI cj CI CO CI CI CI CI C4 CI ci CI C3 c» o CM* CO o o 1—1 a> s ^ t-H CO § CO CO C ID H > o O o O O > C3 D, E 13 o IB d 3 i UO fa o C3 6 O o a c! 3 O J4 O -O cj « H « o a cS 3 O bC O o s ziid 03 3 t-i o a^ !-•< . o. o fa wO C S ■ t. 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" c3 ^ s & CO o o B o a o PLi ei -O fl cj CO o O fl o *^ o O o •a c3 O O o J" o a ^ a S o fl a 3 o a o m -3 -a fl o i a oi S a a O bO S fl O s d T3 o a O ■Mo ■■5 2 S 3 C3 C 3PQ a" o c - P3 fl 2 6 I § "S OS ^ 3 •jaqninfj Xj(y)Bj[oqB'j E cs 2 ■a o O o CI u O c e o .fl -rJ C) o U y d S r1 ^ (2 C3 o 6 U -a fl fl 3 O -.J c o S-; cj > fl >1 1^ 6 O d 3 o •a c3 > O C3 .S c C3 « 6 O "d fl c o £ J3 O O inters on, S. cahon o £ o fl 1 _=: ■" o o =5 rt CM fli fri « fr; > fl o fl o T3 III fl S fl O ^ S I o fl d 3 o -a d O O o PL, T3 fl d fl O P3 P^ bD 3 d PQ o o a o 6 O CO fl o CO =a -fl bl 3 d pa '.3 o d fl d O I > s d d O a O The Bulletin. 13 CO 1-H T-H ^^ o <=> cm' o Cvj CO (M CP OO M -H esi Ol T— Tl T— o OO CO CO o o 00 00 g s CO s so CO o OO CO g § M " 1-H ^^ N T-* l-H ^^ ^^ ^ »-t (M I— 1 00 CO CO CO ^f2 o OO ■* o ec o CO ta c^ o o o ■^ CO CO 00 00 CI « cq N C) 1—1 c* (M (M 1— t '^ *"" ■"• M 00 "5 CO o CO o o o o CO o a o o O 3 C3 d O •§ 3 o o XI o ^ o 03 a 3 3 < o (B Eh 13 -S 13 S s ^ 03 85 O c3 93 o a 03 3 o SI -o O 1. 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CI r- 1 C T— I o JO < 02 C I— I J N K < O « ;^ o o o «5 ^B uox Jad i en kl o la .2 1 a 1 1 •qsBioj •Biuouirav o% i(na]i3Ainb3 •noSoiiTjj ■naSoJiifj 01UB3JO * •naSoj^if^ aiqni'os -aa^BM •ppv otjoqdsoqj 'aiqB[tBAv Where Sampled. Name of Brand. 2 3 3 o •S < C3 (U s I? ■jaquinj.^ | .^JOJBJOqB'J ' H U N a ■o c s 00 ?i CC O cc M re cc 1^ CO cc S3 CO cc a cc ^ s Cl s s cc g if: cc g g M g to g cc tr> »c ^ »o r. I>- 00 00 1^ 00 T Tj" '* in ■ra h- t^ s t^ - g - g o g g oo CI 5 g o o g CC m o o KO m »c lO tC r- '■^ «3- -* -^ r~ '^ m lO o o CO CC CC m ■o ^ -**< o g to CO Ci >.-5 o o g 05 g oo o oc o . CO CO o a 0) s a 3 a o -a <§ o o 3 a c3 d o B c3 3 C O ■4J 03 ■*^ O PL, ■^ O C! > g o ■a s 3 O 0^ o iz; 6 O o si 3 o 1 i ^ s d Q o a c3 > a o o O O .2 o PL( w fo O C3 U I 03 > C o a o a C3 3 a S ca o PL, C. CO c3 PL, bO o O O o o £ bC S 03 5: s PL, O c o -*^ be c p3 6 •i ^ .2 5 •a g c 3 ti a 03 PL, z c o bH 03 d S ID O o B S 03 B O P9 ■o B c3 •d > d E _ a o o 03 O O >. ■S B H 03 a o I o O J3 .2 fl U o =3 ^ d .-era .2 ;^ u c3 PLh > « O c3 U I .1 09 ■a c a k D9 B 03 D3 o fl 03 3 o B e3 '> 3 o P^ J3 U 3 03 PQ 03 > O is d O B O aj J3 bC 3 e3 M The Bulletin. 15 o in OS CO o to c; CO '— ' o ^ c^ CO CO oo T -^ CO CO 1 O (^ o r* '-' tr? CT CD r^ CM cc o lO Cf) CO "^ o ■^ o o o 1^3 »o o o r^ Jt^ " "Sii a (§ o a 03 a O o Pu o pi 03 > o 6 O o a 03 3 o w 00 ci o o o •ci o o ici a 03 o bl) 03 C3 U o o o c" o bi) a ^ ^ o Al U O 03 'a O o o O c O o E 03 o a Lri F u ft l'^ t^ Fi LL, « l-H OS M M w El < P5 t— I +3 O -4^ III ^ h-t u S •a Iz; a P » u « o o P^ ^ -«! .s Pi a m ft «J 9.60 10.08 10.40 11.. 35 11.20 11.27 11.68 11.30 11.16 11.77 11.35 11.25 11.39 12.37 12.18 13.70 11.60 11.83 12.00 12.60 13.00 14.19 14.00 14.09 14.60 14.20 13.95 14.71 14.19 14.06 14.24 15.46 15.23 17.13 14.50 14.79 ; c a. '> £ o; C c 5 a 31 -a 03 4- 1 XI b c B a a a a ■V Wadesboro Wadesboro c i SJ 03 s c: c > a o % c a o « 0) > 1 Q a o "a Bryant's High Grade Dissolved Bone. . Extra Dissolved Bone Phosnhate _ a "c C •3 '3 > 03 O 03 m 3 hi ■< CO 1 "3 s 2 O .s 8 o ■6 a o a .a o d O pa Q a" Meadows, E. H. & J. A., Co., New Bern, N. C. Norfolk Fertilizing Co.» Norfolk, Va _.. Piedmont-Mount Airy Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Pocomoke Guano Co., Norfolk, Va Read Phosphate Co., Charleston, S. C Swift Fertilizer Works, Atlanta, Ga 03 > a o e d O s 03 X < a .2 'a t3 d a" o d d a ,g ^ a o E A i s a c 1 o C3 o 1 CO CO CO CO oo oo CM CO CO 1 a r^ CO 'BioqT3'3 s CO CI o s to s CO CO CO CI GO S CO s O o -* '- ;i; C^l CM cr> c^ cr> ro CM CO (M CO ro CI CO ro CO «» o J3 ■a C3 d o ■«-> a ri © ^ O go rf " o 03 (S'P 3 IS > > ■6 a o B J3 •a c 2 GO O O u Id U I f2 (§ •a o o o s O d a IS O a o bO _a 'E a CO a 2 a a •73 W bC a CO o 03 C3 ja o. CO O J3 c3 .a a U U o •a .2 Q o o a O a a ai O -d 03 J3 a m O ja Pl, ^ 13 2 ^ '^ O L. U -goo < ja .jfl J, MOM 03 ^^"^ rT oi.H a.2 .£fa:s ell's ^ -^ K < < o 3 ,o e o J3 bO 3 03 m 03 ja a CO O ja a [3 O Z o o O O .s .s 3 d c3 S o s 3 O a J3 o o o a si d g •a 03 O bD d O S J2 03 6 U J3 a o ■a < < J3 Pk d o to =a ja bO 3 <^ pq d m o O 'd « d o O o H d O o a 03 3 o pa S .!z; >o - S . >> ra O a 2 S 3 a CD O ja PLl O 03 a O -a PM S ^ a 3 d O bO a 'a a O •a a 03 O a 2 Or-) » o ^ 1-1 S •d o 8 *-3 "3 PQ d O The Bulletin. 17 <© QO 03 OS r^ CO CO o t^ ''J* »o -«s< b* t- CO oo (M (M t*« CO IM •**< o 00 o eo lO CO CO CO Oi oo oo CO t^ w oo 00 en oo \a CD Ci o oo CO ■"J* CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO (M - CO CO CO r- t^ CO CO CO CO CO CO o o CM O ii ry o ^ ..^ ^^ -H L- y^ a» .2 o .- .^ xi IS J3 3 > ^ 03 O QQ U (U a o -a o -a 33 o o o o O O is o o £? o « 3 ^ J3 O. 73 O Xi 03 C C3 p. s < PL, < < a -v o cS C J ^ 03 n O Si PL, 03 a en O J3 03 J3 O, m O PL, O 03 a o PL, -a 03 J3 O. m O ja PL, O C3 -a p, CO O J3 PL, "^ 73 o 3 m T3 2 K O O W Pu < ^ "=> — s ^ -„ 03 ." - +^ ^ en .^ 03 O 03 Pl, 03 a OQ o <0 a 3 03 oi ! .£1 o ?• ■s ^ ja w PL, "^ a> J3 a Pi o PQ -a o '0 < > -^ n P a S > o o O m ©CQ.-S 2; z 03 > O d o 03 ,- o o a" o a tn T1 ^. a O O O § 03 3 O >, 03 a a o PQ a =8 u n 3 >, u PQ o ■a d O o a 03 3 O o a" o a o O =3 03 o d O 03 > S ■a a o S o s o o o a 3 a. ^ 03 t; © O N a — 03 t A o £03O +j rt a 03 a 0. PM j2o a o S J3 a o o PL, PL, PL, pj pj 03 > "o O d O o a (S 3 O O PS a' o C3 pq pi a o bC a .2 03 > a o d a o O a" 2 o O o a 3 03 a a 2 "a ;2 •w a o S ja C3 s d O o o o T3 ja a 3 »-> 3 0) 01 O > W O w ^- CO CO c^ 18 The Bulletin. 1— t C5 o m < H « s: H K < O O o O m B < •Xjo^obj li; aoj, J8d Percentage Composition or Parts per 100. ■qsB^oj l«?ox •■Binoxntnv ax iuaiBAinba •ua3oj'»ifsi moi •uaSoJiifj oniBSJo •naSoJii{>i oiqni'os -jaiBM 1 •piov ouoqdsoqj "aiqBiiBAy Where Sampled. Name of Brand. o CO CM CO o — § § CI QO CO o o o o CO o> o o ^ o o o CTi c> CT) o o 00 CO •^ o CO CO tf* s CD o g CD s CO CO CO CO CO oo o 3 cq o o s CD 05 c^ 5 > a C8 •n :* w o o S o 12; c ■5 o o c O a '3 c3 O 01 '3 o -a 93 d cS a o o a. a O o •jaqnin^ XjojBjoq'B']; E ■« CO c 09 k CO 2 0 0 a t4 CJ ■w ^ W -»^ 0 0 0 t, ^ -3 n ft ft 75 !» 0 o z c (-1 Ed C a 3 3 3 3 o o 3 3 o o a" o 3 S S ^"5 3 Id O O 3 -a o 3 "S o cj M 6 O o U o 3 03 3 o 03 u O (S 6 O o rl 3 M d 3 g » ti a *t a 3 3 ^1 3 3 O a o o O 3 o pq ^ S «* ^ 03 d a A o P4 cS o O o 3 c^ 3 o o C3 ■a 3 o a — 2 <; 0 3 (-1 I -I ■s ^ 3 a; O fa .2'* S Pk 03 o O a -3 o o o PL, o 3 3 c3 3 O 1-5 E ^. -s •- i3 c3 S Z •o c cs GO 3 O 3 A 3 O Ph CM O ft Si m 03 O Pk o O 3" o o O o O f=4 O 3 o .»j so 3 _a o O 3 ■a o 3 O ^ c^ cq Tp w f-i C o TT C^l IM r* ,_, __, _, CO o ,__, '^ in in o in «D CO o s CO CO o s CO o CO CO o s CO o o CO o r- as C3 CO ex en o 00 Ci 05 crs s ?3 05 CO C5 s s CO oo CO § 05 to CD QO CO ^ O ^O ^ »o »o lO in »0 in •o -0 o c o -D o M 0) a ■B © o cj Ti % IS W o a ^ 6 > •a C3 O o T3 ci o 02 OS o 02 O O o zn C3 J3 o 6 O a o 6 O j3 o 6 O pi o u o C3 3 o c3 [» 03 > Cj :8 > -d o S J3 O s o xi O o cj ;2 o 6 O c bO F <; o 2 ■a c 2; u o O e o -^ o O II. BRANDS REGISTERED, SEASON 1911-12. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. The Atlantic Chemical Corporation, 'Norfolk, Va. — Pure Raw Boue Meal Total Atlantic High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate Atlantic 14 Pei* Cent Acid Phosphate Atlantic Dissolved Bone Atlantic Acid Phosphate Atlantic 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Atlantic 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Atlantic Bone and Potash for Grain Atlantic Bone and Potash Mixture Atlantic Meal Compound Atlantic Cotton Grower Corona Cotton Compound Atlantic Special Guano Atlantic Grain Guano Atlantic Special Truck Guano Oriental High Grade Guano Paloma Tobacco Guano Boon's Special Guano Atlantic High Grade Tobacco Guano Atlantic High Grade Cotton Guano Atlantic Tobacco Grower Atlantic Tobacco Compound Atlantic Special Wheat Fertilizer Atlantic Soluble Guano Atlantic Soluble Guano for Tobacco Apex Peanut Grower Atlantic S and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Atlantic S and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . . Atlantic 7 Per Cent Truck Guano Atlantic Potato Guano Perfection Peanut Grower Atlantic Side Dresser Atlantic Special Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Atlantic Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit , • • Geo. L. Arps d Co.. Norfolk, Va. — Arps' H. G. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Arps' 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture Arps' 10 and 2 Bone and Potash Mixture. . . . Arps' "Go-a-Head" Guano for Trucks. Cotton and Tobacco Arps' Quick Growth for All Crops Arps' Premium Guano for Cotton, Tobacco and All Spring Crops Geo. L. Arps & Co.'s Big Yield Guano Arps' Standard Truck Guano Arps' Potato Guano Arps' Scuppernong Guano for Trucks Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 21.50 3.7] .... 16.00 .... 14.00 . . . .... 13.00 12.00 > . . .... 10.00 • ■ * 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 > < ■ 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.2- 2.00 9.00 2.06 1.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.00 4.00 8.00 2.4- 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.4' 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.02 4.00 8.00 5.00 8.00 4.00 7.00 5.7' 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 5.00 4.00 8.22 4.00 4.00 6.18 2.50 15.22 .... 7.42 3.00 • • • • • ■ ■ 48.00 .... > • 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 10.00 > > < 4.00 10.00 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.4' 7 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.12 6.00 6.00 5.7( 3 5.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 • • < ■ ■ ■ < 12.00 The Bulletin. 21 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Atlantic Fertilizer Company, Atlanta, Ga.; Wil- inington, N. C; Chester, 8. C. — Atlantic "N" High Grade Acid Phosphate Atlantic "O" High Grade Acid Phosphate Atlantic "P" Standard Grade Acid Phosphate. Atlantic "A" High Grade Guano Atlantic "G" High Grade Guano. Atlantic "K" High Grade Phosphate and Pot- ash Atlantic "M" Standard Grade Phosphate and Potash Atlantic "D" High Grade Guano Atlantic "F" Cotton-seed Meal Comp. H. G. . . Atlantic "B" High Grade Guano Atlantic "C" High Grade Guano Atlantic "E" Cotton-seed Meal Comp. H. G... Atlantic "H" Standard Grade Guano Atlantic "I" Standard Grade Guano Atlantic "L" Standard Grade Phosphate and Potash Atlantic Nitrate of Soda Atlantic Muriate of Potash Atlantic Sulphate of Potash Atlantic German Kainit Acme Manufacturing Co., Wilmington, TSI. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Acme High Grade Acid Phosphate Acme Acid Phosphate Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash. .' Acme Bone and Potash Acme Melon Grower Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Cotton Grower Acme Special Fertilizer for Cotton Acme Plumb Good Fertilizer Acme "OK" Fertilizer Acme "OK" Fertilizer for Tobacco Quickstep Fertilizer Quickstep Fertilizer for Tobacco Acme Crop Grower Currie's High Grade Fertilizer Acme Crop Grower for Tobacco Best's Fish Scrap Guano for Tobacco Best's Fish Scrap Guano Pee Dee Special Fertilizer Pee Dee Special for Tobacco Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 16.00 14.00 • . • • .... 13.00 • • • • 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 S.OO 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 14.82 4.00 50.6o 49.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 • ■ • ■ • • • • 13.00 • • • ■ • . ■ • 12.00 . . > ■ 6.00 12.00 • • > • 5.00 12.00 .... 4.00 12.00 • • > • 3.00 12.00 . . • • 2.00 11.00 • • . ■ 6.00 11.00 • * • • 5.00 11.00 ■ ■ • • 4.00 11.00 . > • • 3.00 11.00 2.00 10.00 3.30 5.00 10.00 • • • • 6.00 10.00 • • • • 5.00 10.00 > > * * 4.00 10.00 • • . . 3.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 4.12 7.00 8.00 3.30 6.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 22 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Guano . Guano for Tobacco. Tobacco . Acme 8-3-3 C. S. M. Acme 8-3-3 C. S. M. Acme Plant Food . Acme Fertilizer for Acme Fertilizer Tiptop Crop Grower Tiptop Tobacco Grower Acme Standard Guano Lattinier's Complete Fertilizer Best's Complete Fertilizer Cotton-seed Meal Guano Gem Fertilizer Cotton-seed Meal Guano for Tobacco.... Gem Fertilizer for Tobacco Acme Special Grain Fertilizer Acme Bone and Potasb Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash ^Acme Root Crop Guano Acme vStandard Truck Guano Acme High Grade Guano Acme Truck Grower Acme Corn Guano Dried Fish Scrap Acme Special 4-1U-4 Guano Clark's Corn Guano Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Acme Top Dressei- Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash High Grade German Kainit IG Per Cent. Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 G.OO 6.00 4.50 4.00 1.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 4.12 4.12 4.96 3.30 2.47 8.02 8.25 6.58 20.56 14.81 7.50 3.00 3.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 7.00 5.00 8.00 8.00 4.0( I 10.00 3.00 48.00 48.00 16.00 12.00 Ashepoo Fertilizer Co., Charleston, S. C. — High Grade Ashepoo Dissolved Phosphate... 16.00 High Grade Ashepoo .\ci(l Phosphate 14.00 High Grade Ashepoo XXXX Acid PhospbatP. 14.00 High Grade Eutaw Acid Phosphate 14.00 Standard Ashepoo XXX Acid Phosphate 13.00 Standard Eutaw XXX Acid Phosphate 13.00 Standard Carolina Acid Phosphate 13.00 Standard Circle Bone 13.00 H. G. Ashepoo Bone and Potash 12.00 Standard Ashepoo Acid Phosphate and Potash. 12.00 Standard Eutaw Acid Phosphate and Potash. 12.00 Standard Eutaw XX Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Coomassie Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Ashepoo XX Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Ashepoo Potash and Acid Phosphate. 11.00 Standard Eutaw Potash Acid Phosphate 11.00 Standard Palmetto Potasb Acid Phosphate... 11.00 High Grade Ashepoo Watermelon Guano.... 10.00 H. G. Ashepoo Cantaloupe Guano 10.00 H. G. Ashepoo Fruit Fertilizer 10.00 H. G. Ashepoo Golden Fertilizer 10.00 H. G. Eutaw Superpotasb Acid Phosphate... 10.00 High Grade Ashepoo Superpotasb Acid Phos- phate 10.00 29 46 65 65 2.00 1.00 1.00 l.CO 1.00 1.00 5.00 10.00 6.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 i The Bulletin. 23 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Standard Ashepoo Potash Compound Standard Enoree Acid Phosphate and I'otash. Standard Ashepoo Wheat and Oats Specific. . ' Standard Ashepoo-Fertilizer Standard Eutaw Fertilizer Standard Ashepoo Harrow Brand Raw Bone Superpliosphate Standard Eutaw XXX Guano Standard Ashepoo Guano Standard Eutaw XX Guano Standard Ashepoo XX Guano High Grade Ashepoo Fruit Grower High Grade Ashepoo Perfection Guano High Grade Ashepoo Guano High Grade Ashepoo Cotton Fertilizer High Grade Ashepoo XX Ammouiated Super- phosphate H. G. Ashepoo Special C. S. M. Guano High Grade Eutaw Special Cotton-seed Meal Guano High Grade Eutaw X Golden Fertilizer High Grade Ashepoo Bird and Fish Guano.. High Grade Ashepoo Meal Mixture High Grade Ashepoo X Tobacco Fertilizer... High Grade Ashepoo Golden Tobacco Pro- ducer High Grade Carolina XXX Guano High Grade Ashepoo Ammoniated Superphos- phate High Grade Ashepoo Farmers' Special Standard Eutaw Circle Guano Standard Ashepoo Circle Guano Standard Coomassie Circle Fertilizer Standard Carolina Guano Standard P. D. Fertilizer Standard Ashepoo XXX Guano Standard Ashepoo XXX Meal Guano Standard Ashepoo Special Fertilizer Standard Bronwood Acid Phosphate High Grade Ashepoo Truck Guano High Grade Ashepoo Vegetable Guano High Grade Ashepoo Nitrogenous Top Dress- ing Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash German Kainit The Annonr Fertilizer Works, Atlanta, Chicago, and Wilmington — Bone Meal Total Armour's Raw Bone Meal Total 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 15 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Star Phosphate 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Sampson Corn Mixture Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 > < • ■ 3.00 10.00 • t > • 2.00 9.50 1.65 1.00 9.00 1.85 1.00 9.00 1.85 1.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.50 2.06 1.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.91 2.75 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 ' 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 ■ • . . 4.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 5.00 4.12 5.00 3.00 7.00 14.81 2.00 .... • • ■ ■ 45.00 • > > • • • . > 45.00 • • • ■ • • • • 12.00 24.00 22.00 17.00 16.00 15.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 11.00 2.47 70 5.00 24 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Fertilizer, No. 1044 10.00 Shield Fertilizer. No. 1044 10.00 Fertilizer, No. 1033 10.00 Fertilizer, No. 1025 10.00 Fertilizer, No. 1023 10.00 Ammouiated Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00 "State Farm" 10.00 Phosphate and B. Potash 10.00 Phosphoric Acid and Potash 10.00 Superphosphate and Potash 10.00 M. H. White & Co.'s Special Corn Mixture. . . 10.00 Phosphate and Potash, No. 1 10.00 Armour's Tobacco Champion 9.00 African Cotton Grower 9.00 Johnson's Hish Grade 9.00 Armour's Bright Tobacco Grower 9.00 Bone and Dissolved Bone with Potash 9.00 Fertilizer, No. 913 9.00 Standard Cotton Grower 8.50 Bone, Blood and Potash 8.00 Van Lindley's Special 8.00 Fertilizer, No. 846 8.00 Fertilizer. No. 844 8.00 Special Trucker 8.00 Sunrise Fertilizer. No. 844 8.00 All Soluble 8.00 Truck and Berry Special 8.00 Underwood's Special 8.00 Shield Armour's 8-3-6 for Tobacco 8.00 Fertilizer, No. 836 8.00 Fertilizer. No. 834 8.00 Fertilizer. No. 833 8.00 Sunrise Fertilizer, No. 833 8.00 Johnson's Favorite 8.00 Underwood's Favorite 8.00 Cotton Special 8.00 Tobacco Special 8.00 Carolina Cotton Grower 8.00 Berry King 8.00 Sunrise Cotton Grower 8.00 Gold Medal for Tobacco 8.00 S-weet Potato Special 8.00 Champion 8.00 King Cotton ! 8.00 High Grade Potato 8.00 Fruit and Root Crop Special 8.00 Carolina Cotton Special 8.00 Sunrise Tobacco Grower 8.00 Sunrise Standard 8.00 Slaughter House for Tobacco 8.00 Armour's Slaughter House Fertilizer 8.00 General " 8.00 Fertilizer. No. 813 8.00 Phosphate and Potash, No. 2 8.00 Phosphate and Potash, No. 8 8.00 7 Per Cent Trucker 6.00 5 Per Cent Trucker 6.00 Manure Substitute 6.00 10 Per Cent Trucker 5.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 3.30 4.00 3.30 4.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 5.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 . . . . 7.00 . . . . 6.00 ■ • . . 5.00 4.00 . . . . 2.00 * • • • 2.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.05 5.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 3.00 .82 3.00 1.65 2.00 4.11 7.00 4.11 2.00 3.30 6.00 3.30 4.00 3.30 4.00 3.30. 4.00 2.88 4.00 2.47 10.00 2.47 10.00 2.47 6.00 2.47 6.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 2.00 2.05 4.00 2.05 3.00 2.05 3.00 2.05 3.00 2.05 2.50 2.05 2.00 1.65 10.00 1.65 5.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 .82 3.00 > • • • 5.00 4.00 5.76 5.00 4.11 7.00 3.30 4.00 8.24 3.00 The Bulletin. 25 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Top Dresser Armour's Top Dresser Special Formula for Tobacco. Harvey's Special 10 Per Cent Tankage Armour's Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Armour's Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Kainit American Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. — Bone Meal Total American High Grade Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate Eagle Brand Acid Phosphate Double Extra Bone and Potash Acid Phosphate American Standard Cotton Grower American Formula for Wheat and Corn Double Dissolved Bone and Potash Dissolved Bone and Potash for Corn and Wheat Strawberry and Asparagus Guano Special Formula Guano for Yellow Leaf To- bacco American Bone Mixture Bone and Peruvian Guano Blood and Bone Compound Peruvian Mixture Peruvian Mixture Guano Especially Prepared for Sweet Potatoes N. C. and S. C. Cotton Grower American Eagle Guano J. G. Miller & Co.'s Yellow Leaf Fertilizer. . . American No. 1 Fertilizer Bob White Fertilizer for Tobacco A. L. Hanna's Special Formula Bone and Peruvian Guano Cotton Compound No. 2. Fertilizer Special Potash Mixture for Wheat. Ammoniated Guano for Irish Potatoes American American American 10 Per Cent American Standard 7 Per Cent Ammonia Guano. Special Potato Guano Kale, Spinach and Cabbage Guano.... American Irish Potato Grower Scrap Guano Substitute Manure American Standard Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Scrap American H. G. Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit American Fish Stable Manure Special Potato Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 5.00 8.24 2.00 4.00 6.18 2.50 4.00 3.30 5.00 4.00 3.30 4.00 2.00 8.24 . > . > .... 7.40 3.00 14.81 > ■ • • 13.16 7.83 4.00 50.00 50.00 12.00 ( 22.50 3.71 IG.OO .... .... 14.00 .... 13.00 . . . • 12.00 . • . . 5.00 12.00 . < . > .... 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 . • . • 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 9.00 .83 2.00 8.88 1.65 2.00 8.50 2.06 1.00 8.50 1.65 1.50 8.00 3.29 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 ... * 4.00 7.00 8.24 2..50 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 5.76 5.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 4.00 7.00 4.12 5.§0 7.00 3.29 4.00 7.00 2.47 4.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 4.00 8.24 14.83 8.24 4.00 • • . . 7.41 3.00 49.00 48.00 • • • • 12.00 26 'The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. American Agricultural Chemical Co., Baltimore and Netv York — A. A. C. Co.'s If) Per Cent Superphosphate . . . A. A. C. Co.'s Gaston Special A. A. C. Co.'s Crowd Cotton Food A. A. C. Co.'s Champion Cotton Fertilizer. . . . A. A. C. Co.'s Tip Top Special A. A. C. Co.'s Special Tobacco Fertilizer A. A. C. Co.'s White Oak Cotton Fertilizer... A. A. C. Co.'s H. G. C. S. M. Compound A. A. C. Co.'s Harvest Queen A. A. C. Co.'s Crawford's Special for Tobacco. A. A. C. Co.'s Excelsior Compound for Tobacco A. A. C. Co.'s Gold Wrapper Fertilizer A. A. C. Co.'s Eureka Cotton-seed Meal Com- pound A. A. C. Co."s liex Cotton Compound A. A. C. Co.'s Fish Guano A. A. C. Co.'s Purity Guano A. A. C. Co.'s Fidelity Grain Grower A. A. C. Co.'s Itoffal Crop Grower A. A. C. Co.'s Palmetto Alkaline Phosphate... A. A. C. Co.'s Blood, Bone and Fish Guano. . . A. A. C. Co.'s Fancy Wrapper Fertilizer A. A. C. Co.'s Baltimore Top Dresser A. A. C. Co.'s Bowker's High Grade Top Dresser A. A, C. Co.'s Nitrate of Soda A. A. C. Co.'s :\ruriate of Potash A. A. C. Co.'s H. G. Sulphate of Potash A. A. C. Co.'s Genuine German Kalnlt Bartholomew's Bright Leaf Bartholomew's Fish Guano Bartholomew's Blood. Bone and Fish Com... Bartholomew's Fancy Top Dresser Canton Chemical 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Canton Chemical 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Canton Chemical 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Star Guano Canton Chemical Champion Cotton Fertilizer. Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Animal Bone Fertilizer.... Canton Chemical Victor Compound for Cotton. Canton Chemical Victor Compound for Cotton. Canton Chemical Colgate Standard Mixture. . Canton Chemical Challenge C. S. M. Com- pound Canton Chemical Bone Cotton Compound.... Canton Chemical Bone Tobacco Fertilizer. . . . Canton Chemical Honest Protector Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 16.00 10.50 2.47 2.00 10.00 3.29 2.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 3.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 ^8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 4.00 3.29 6.00 7.41 3.00 7.41 3.00 15.00 49.66 48.00 12.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 > ■ * ■ 7.41 3.00 16.00 > ■ • • • • . • 14.00 • ■ ■ • . > . . 13.00 .... 12.00 .... 5.00 32.00 3.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 2.00 3.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 The Bulletin. 27 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Canton Chemical H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer... Canton Chemical Gladiator Cotton Fertilizer. Canton Chemical Superior High Grade Fer- tilizer Canton Chemical Baker's Tobacco Fertilizer. Canton Chemical CCC Special Compound Canton Chemical Bacher's Standard for To- bacco Canton Chemical Resurgone Soluble Guano.. Canton Chemical Baker's Fish Guano Canton Chemical Game Guano. . .'. Canton Three Sevens Special Potato Manure. Canton Chemical Excelsior Trucker Canton Truckers' Special 7 Per Cent Canton Royal Trucker Canton Truckers' Special 10 Per Cent Detrick's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Detrick's XXtra Acid Phosphate Detrick's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Detrick's H. G. Bone and Potash Detrick's H. G. Bone and Potash Detrick's White Star Fertilizer Detrick's Old Colony Comp. for Cotton Detrick's H. G. Bone and Potash Detrick's H. G. Bone and Potash Detrick's Bone and Potash Detrick's Superior Animal Bone Fertilizer . . . Detrick's Victory Crop Grower Detrick's Gold Basis Standard Detrick's Gold Basis C. S. M. Mixture Detrick's Kangaroo Komplete Kompound Detrick's Quick-Step Tobacco Fertilizer Detrick's Gold Eagle Cotton Comp Detrick's H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer Detrick's Victory Cotton Fertilizer Detrick's Special Tobacco Fertilizer Detrick's Vegetator Ammoniated Superphos- phate Detrick's Globe Complete Manure Detrick's Royal Crop Grower Detrick's Fish Mixture Detrick's Special Trucker Detrick's Advance Truck Guano Detrick's Climax Truckers' Compound Detrick's Truck Fertilizer Lazaretto 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Lazaretto 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Lazaretto 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto Triumph Cotton Fertilizer Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto Alkaline Bone Lazaretto Retriever Animal Bone Fertilizer. . Lazaretto O. K. Complete Manure Lazaretto Defiance Standard Manure Lazai'etto Top Notch C. S. M. .Compound Lazaretto Carolina Cotton Food Lazaretto Coronet Tobacco Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 6.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 5.0O 8.23 3.00 16.00 14.00 .... 13.00 .... 12.00 • • * > 5.00 12.00 .... 3.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 ■ • > • 4.00 10.00 .... ^ 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 0.00 1.85 4.00 0.00 1.65 3.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 16.00 • . • • 34.00 • ■ • • 13.00 ...» • • • * 12.00 • • • • 5.00 12.00 • • . . 3.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 • ■ • • 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 > • > ■ 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 28 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Lazaretto King of the Harvest Lazaretto Quality and Quantity Tobacco Fer- tilizer Lazaretto Special Tobacco and Potato Fer- tilizer Lazaretto New Rival Cotton Fertilizer Lazaretto Challenge Fertilizer Lazaretto Carolina Tobacco Fertilizer Lazaretto Climax Plant Food Lazaretto C. & G. Complete Manure Lazaretto Crop Grower Lazai-etto Peanut Grower Lazaretto Sure Crop Compound Lazaretto Early Trucker Lazaretto Truckers' Favorite Lazaretto Empire Trucker Lazaretto 10 Per Cent Guano Zell's IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Zell's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Zell's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash Zell's Big Giant Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash Zell's Bone and Potash Zell's Bone and Potash Zell's Royal High Grade Fertilizer Zell's Victoria Animal Bone Compound Zell's Empire Cotton Compound Zell's Boss Cotton S. M. ■Mixture Zell's Big Crop Standard Fertilizer Zell's Economizer Cotton Food Zell's Special Compound for Potatoes and Veg- etables Zell's Tobacco Fertilizer Zell's Cardinal Comp. for Cotton Zell's Bright Tobacco Grower Zell's Reliance High Grade Manure Zell's Popular Tobacco jNIanure Zell's "Square Deal" for Tobacco 2^irs Excelsior Cotton Fertilizer Zell's Special Compound for Tobacco Zell's Calvert Guano Zell's Fish Guano Zell's Truck Grower Zell's 7 Per Cent Potato and Vegetable Ma- nure Zell's Challenge Truckers' Manure Zell's 10 Per Cent Trucker Productive Cotton and Peanut Grower Dawson's Crop Grower Gold Dust Guano Reese's Pacific Guano for Tobacco Slingluff's British Mixture Triumph Soluble Holmes & Dawson's Dawson's Crop Maker. . . Reese's Pacific Guano, Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 • 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 G.OO 4.11 7.00 5.00 S.23 3.00 16.00 . . . > 14.00 • • • • 13.00 . . < ■ .... 12.00 5.00 12.00 • • • • 3.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 > • > • 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.06 2.00 0.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.29 4.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65. 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.50 2.47 2..50 8.00 2.06 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 The Bulletin. 29 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. A. D. Adair & McCarty Bros., Atlanta, Ga. — Adair's High Grade Dissolved Bone, No. 16.. A. and M. 15-4 A. and M. 13-4 McCarty's Potasli Formula, No. 5 McCarty's J'otasb Formula, No. 4 McCarty's "Potash Formula Adair's Dissolved Bone David Harum Extra High Grade Blood Guano. Adair's H. G. Blood and Bone Guano Special Wheat Compound Special Corn Compound Special Vegetable Compound Special Potato Compound Special Cotton Compound Special Tomato Compound Adair's Soluble Pacific Guano McCarty's High Grade Cotton Grower McCarty's High Grade Corn Grower Old Time Fish Scrap Guano McCarty's Wheat Special McCarty's Corn Special McCarty's Cotton Special Adair's H. G. Potash Comp., No. 10 Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 8 H. G. Potash Compound, No. 8 H. G. Potash Compound. No. 6 Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower, No. (i Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 5 H. G. Potash Compound. No. 5 High Grade Potash Compound Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower Adair's Formula Dixie High Grade Soil Food Adair's Blood, Bone and Tankage Guano Special Corn Grower Special Wheat Grower Special Potato Grower Special Vegetable Grower Standard Corn Grower Planter's Soluble Fertilizer Adair's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Golden Grain Compound Adair's Special Potash Mixture, No. fi Adair's Special Potash Mixture, No. 5 Adair's Special Potash Mixture Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Avail. Phos. Nitrogc m. Potash. Acid. 16.00 15.00 , , 4.00 13.00 , , 4.00 12.00 . . 5.00 12.00 , , 4.00 12.00 , , 2.00 12.00 , , > > • • 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 , , 10.00 10.00 , , 8.00 10.00 8.00 10.00 , , 6.00 10.00 , , 6.00 10.00 , , 5.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.6f ) 3.00 9.00 .8! I 2.00 8.00 1.6r ) 6.00 8.00 1.6.' ) 6.00 8.00 1.6r 5 6.00 8.00 l.Gl ) 6.00 8.00 1.6? 5 2.00 8.00 1.6? 5 2.00 8.00 1.6.- ) 2.00 8.00 .8i J 3.00 8.00 6.00 8.00 , , 5.00 8.00 , , 4.00 15.00 50.00 Asheville Packing Co., AsheviUe, N. C. — Asheville Packing Co.'s Pure Bone Meal, Total 18.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s H. G. Phosphoric Acid. 16.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Phosphoric Acid 14.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Extra H. G. Potash Mixture 13.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Phosphoric Acid 12.00 2.30 4.00 30 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Asheville Packing Co.'s Celebrated Tankage, Total Asheville Packing Co.'s Extra H. G. Fertilizer. Asheville Packing Co.'s Blood and Bone Asheville Packing Co.'s Extra H. G. Cotton Special Asheville Packing Co.'s High Grade Biltmore Wheat Grower Asheville Packing Co.'s H. G. Wheat, Corn and Oat Special Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Bone and Potash Asheville Packing Co.'s Superior Potato and Wheat Fertilizer Asheville Packing Co.'s Special Potash INIix- ture Asheville Packing Co.'s XXX Wheat Grower. Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Potato Fer- tilizer Asheville Packing Co.'s H. G. Vegetable Spe- cial Asheville Packing Co.'s Corn and Vegetable Special Asheville Packing Co.'s Special Tobacco and Vegetable Fertilizer Asheville Packing Co.'s Fi'uit Special Asheville Packing Co.'s Potato Special Asheville Packing Co.'s Champion Potato Fer- tilizer Asheville Packing Co.'s Complete Fertilizer. . Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Corn and Wheat Asheville Packing Co.'s Special Bone and Potash Asheville Packing Co.'s H. G. Muriate of Pot- ash Bauf/h d- Sons Co.. Phila., Pa., and ?\^orfoUc, Va. — Bangh's Raw Bone Meal, Warranted Pure, Total Baugh's Ifi Per Cent Acid Phosphate Bangh's Pure Bone and Muriate of Potash Mixture Total Baugh's High Grade Acid Phosphate Baugh's Pure Dissolved Animal Bones Baugh's 12 and 5 Phosphate and Potash Baugh's High Grade Cotton and Truck Guano. Baugh's 10 and 8 Phosphate and Potash Baugh's High Grade Potash Mixture Baugh's Soluble Alkaline Siiperphosphate. . . . Baugh's H. G. Potato Grower Baugh's Fish, Bone and Potash Baugh's Fruit and Berry Guano Baugh's Special Tobacco Guano Baugh's Grand Rapids High Grade Guano... Baugh's Sweet Potato Guano for Sweet Po- tatoes, Peas and Melons Baugh's High Grade Tobacco Guano Baugh's Complete Animal Base Fertilizer. . . . Avail. Phios. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 10.00 10.00 10.00 4.12 3.30 2.47 4.66 3.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 3.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 .... 6.00 10.00 10.00 .... 4.00 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 2.47 1.65 1.65 3.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 1.65 1.65 4.00 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 4.00 50.00 21.50 3.70 .... 16.00 .... 15.00 2.47 5.00 14.00 .... .... 13.00 2.06 .... 12.00 . > ■ • 5.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 . • * . 8.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 8.00 3.30 10.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 The Bulletin. 31 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Baugb's Fish Mixture Baugh's Animal Base and Potasli Compound for All Crops Baugh's Wheat Fertilizer for Wheat and Grass Baugh's Southern States Excelsior Guano... Glover's Special Potato Guano Baugh's Southern States Guano for Bright Tobacco Baugh's Potato and Truck Special Baugh's Strawberty Mixture Baugh's Fine Ground Fish Gilliam's Special Potato Guano Baugh's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano Baugh's Peruvian Guano Substitute for Pota- toes and All Vegetables Baugh's Farmers' Friend Guano Baugh's New Process 10 Per Cent Guano .... Baugh's Special Potato Manure Baugh's Wrapper Leaf Brand for Seed Leaf Tobacco Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Fine Ground Blood Baugh's Soluble Top Dresser for All Crops. . . Baugh's Fine Ground Tankage Muriate of Potash High Grade Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit 8. T. Beveridge & Co., Richmond, Va. — Beveridge's Raw Ground Bone Meal Beveridge's Thomas or Basic Slag Total Beta Fertilizer Company, Beta, N. C. — Beta Grass and Grain Beta Potato and Truck Beta Potato Grower Beta Cotton Grower Beta Corn Grower E. W. Brawtey, Mooresville, N. C. — Rock Phosphate Total Rock and Potash Total 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Red Leo Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Muriate of Potash German Kainit J. A. Benton, Rvffln, N. C— Benton's North Carolina Bright Fertilizer. . . Baltimore Fertilizer Co.. Baltimore, Md. — Honest Acid Phosphate Honest Acid Phosphate Avai I. Phos Nitrogen. Potash. Acid 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 3.00 7.00 3.30 8.00 7.00 2.88 7.00 7.00 2.88 7.00 7.00 2.47 5.00 6.87 8.23 6.00 5.76 6.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 5.00 5.00 8.23 2.50 5.00 1.65 10.00 8.50 3.30 5.00 . . . 20.57 .... 14.81 .... 13.00 • • ■ • 8.23 3.00 7.40 48.66 48.00 12.00 20.0( ) 3.70 16.0C ) .... lO.OC 2.00 S.OC » 3..30 7.00 8.0C ) 3.30 2.00 8.0C > 2.50 3.00 8.0C > 1.65 2.00 28.0C 1 20.0C ► .... 3.00 16.00 .... lO.OC > 2.47 1.50 s.on 2.47 15.88 13.17 3.00 48.6o 12.00 9.00 16.00 14.00 1.6.^ 2.00 32 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Honest Bone and Potash Honest Sweet Potato Grower Honest Cotton Grower Mayo's 8-214-3 Honest Ammoniated Bone Mayo's 7-7-7 Mayo's 7-5-5 Honest Dixie Trucker Honest Trucker Bertie Cotion Oil Co., Aulander, N. C. — Bertie's High Grade Guano Bertie's Meal Mixture Bertie's Tobacco Grower Bertie's Ideal Cotton Grower Bertie's Special Compound Bertie's Corn Mixture Peanut Grower Bertie's Peanut Special Tar Heel Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Kainit Boicker Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md., and Boston, Mass. — IG Per Cent Dissolved Bone Phosphate Bowker's Soluble Phosphate Golden Harvest Fertilizer Bowker's H. G. Special Imperial Alkaline Phosphate Superphosphate with Potash for Grain and Grass Animal Bone Fertilizer Bowker's Ammoniated Bone Sure Crop Phosphate Bowker's Blood, Bone and Fish Bowker's H. G. Fertilizer Bowker's Red Oak Tobacco Fertilizer Bowker's White Star Compound Tobacco Fertilizer Eureka Cotton Compound Bowker's Fish Guano Empire Standard Corn and Grain Grower Baker's Bone and Potash Three Sevens Truck Fertilizer Bowker's Southern Special Compound Fancy Truck Bowker's Potato Special Bowker's Top Dresser Bowker's Tobacco Special H. G. Top Dresser Blackstone Gnano Co.. Inc.. Blackstone, Va. — Blackstone Raw Bone Total Clover Leaf 16 Per Cent Phosphate Bone and Phosphate Half and Half Avail. Phos. . Acid. 10.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 G.OO 6.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.40 2.40 2.00 l.GO 5.G0 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.13 3.30 2.47 2.47 1.65 2.47 1.65 .82 8.25 15.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 7.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 5.00 52.66 50.00 12.00 16.00 * • . . 14.00 • < • • < > > • 12.00 5.00 10.00 3.29 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 6.00 4.11 5.00 4.00 6.15 2.50 4.00 3.29 6.00 .... 7.41 3.00 18.00 4.11 16.00 ■ • • • • > ■ • 15.00 1.65 . • • • i The Bulletin. 33 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. B. G. Co. Acid Phosphate Clover Leaf Grain Fertilizer Dissolved Bone B. G. Co., Inc., Bone and Potash B. G. Co. Bone and Potash Blackstone Special for Tobacco Old Bellefonte Clover Leaf for Tobacco Tobacco Special Wrapper Brand Jim Crow for Tobacco Bellefonte Hard Cash for Tobacco Carolina Special for Tobacco Standard Guano Red Letter for Tobacco Alliance for Tobacco Leader for Tobacco Peanut Special Material for Special Order C. J. Burton Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. — Acid Phosphate 14.00 Burton's Alkaline 10.00 Burton's Potash Mixture 10.00 High Grade Tobacco 8.00 Burton's Best •. 8.00 Tobacco Queen ' 8.00 Burton's High Grade 8.00 Burton's Butcher Bone 8.00 Bradley Fertiliser Co., Charleston, S. C. — High Grade Bradley's Dissolved Phosphate.. 16.00 High Grade Bradley's Acid Phosphate 14.00 Standard Bradley's XXX Acid Phosphate... 13.00 Standard Bradley's Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Bradley's Palmetto Acid Phosphate. 12.00 H. G. Bradley's Selected Guano 10.00 High Grade Bradley's Potash Acid Phosphate. 10.00 Standard Bradley's Wheat Grower 10.00 Standard Bradley's Bone and Potash •. . 10.00 Standard Bradley's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 9-00 Standard Bradley's Patent Superphosphate.. 9.00 Standard B. D. Sea Fowr Guano 9.00 Standard Eagle Ammoniated Bone Superphos- phate 9.00 High Grade Bradley's Circle Guano 8.00 High Grade Bradley's Guano 8.00 Standard Bradley's Cereal Guano...: 8.00 Standard Bradley's X Guano 8.00 Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash • • • • German Kainit TJie Bryant Fertilizer Co., Alexandria, Va. — Bryant's Bone Meal Total 22.50 Bryant's Acid Phosphate 17.00 3 Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 14.00 .... .... 13.00 1.03 1.00 10.00 1.03 1.00 10.00 . • > ■ 4.00 10.00 ■ > > • 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 3.30 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.03 4.95 6.00 ' 4.00 ■ « > • 2.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 4.00 • ■ • • 4.00 2.00 .... 2.00 1.85 1.00 1.85 1.00 1.85 1.00 1.85 1.00 3.29 4.00 2.46 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 14.81 • • • • .... 45.00 .... 12.00 3.71 34 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Bryant's Acid Phosphate Bryant's S. C. Dissolved Bone Bryant's H. G. Wheat Mixture Parrish-Godwin's Dissolved Bone with Potash. Bryant's Bone and Potash Bryant's Bone and Potash Mixture Bryant's "Challenge" Highest Grade Tobacco Mixture Bryant's Special Cotton-seed Meal Fertilizer. Bryant's Bone Mixture for Tobacco Farmers' Mixture H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer H. G. Meal Fertilizer H. G. Guano C. S. M. Guano H. G. Fertilizer Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's 'Victor" Special Cotton Special Tobacco Fertilizer Bryant's Choice C. S. M. 3 Per Cent Mixture. Bryant's Tobacco Fertilizer "Otter" Special Tobacco Fertilizer. . Cotton and Corn Fertilizer Fertilizer for Tobacco Grower Fertilizer Cotton-seed Meal Guano "Potomac" Bone Special for Tobacco. Bryant's Special Formula for Grain and Grass Bryant's Wheat Mixture Truck Grower Fish Scrap Guano Carolina Top Dresser High Grade Top Dresser Top Dresser Special Top Dresser Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Bryant',s Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Bryant's Nitrate of Soda. Blood Fish Scrap Bryant's Carolina Special Top Drebser. Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Bryant's German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. 16.00 14.00 12.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.75 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 S.OO 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 S.OO 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 G.OO 4.00 4.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 6.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.47 2.26 2.06 1.85 3.29 3.29 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.00 2.06 2.06 2.00 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 5.76 3.29 5.76 8.23 6.17 5.76 14.82 13.15 8.24 7.41 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.O0 2.00 4.00 4.00 7.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 2.50 2.50 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 The Berkley Chemical Co., Norfolk, Va. — Pure Ground Bone Total 20.00 Resolute Acid Phosphate 16.00 Berkley Acid Phosphate 14.00 Berkley 12-5 Bone and Potash 12.00 Berkley Bone and Potash Mixture 11.00 Berkley Plant Food ' 10.00 Laurel Potash Mixture 10.00 ]\Ionitor Animal Bone Fertilizer 9.00 Select Crop Grower 8.50 Victory Special Crop Grower S.OO Berkley Tobacco Guano S.OO Advance Crop Grower S.OO Brandon Superphosphate 8.00 Long Leaf Tobacco Grower S.OO Berkley Peanut and Grain Grower S.OO Superior Bone and Potash 8.00 1.85 2.06 3.29 2.47 2.47 1.65 1.65 1.00 5.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 2..50 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 The Bulletin. 35 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Jsame of Brand. Mascot Truck Guano Royal Truck Grower The Leader of the World. Berkley Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Dry Ground Fish Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kaiuit.. Bragmv Fertilizer Co., Washington, N. C. — IP) Per Cent Acid Palmetto Acid Phosphate Long Acre Bone Phosphate Farmers' Union Meal Mixture Beaufort County Guano Havana Tobacco Guano Tuckahoe Tobacco Guano Old Reliable Premium Guano Tar Heel Guano Pamlico Trucker 7-5-5 Truck Guano Riverview Potato Grower Chocowinity Special Tobacco Guano... Sunrise Tobacco Guano Genuine German Ivainit Conestee Chemical Co., Wilmington, N. C. — IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Conestee High Gi'ade Acid Phosphate Conestee Acid Phosphate Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Cotton Grower Conestee Special Fertilizer for Cotton Conestee Melon Grower Conestee O. K. Fertilizer for Tobacco Conestee P. D. Q. Fertilizer Conestee "O. K." Fertilizer Conestee P. D. Q. Fertilizer for Tobacco... Conestee Plumb Good Fertilizer Conestee Crop Grower for Tobacco Conestee Fish Scrap Guano for Tobacco. . . . Conestee 8-.3-3 C. S. M. Guano Conestee 8-3-.3 C. S. M. Guano for Tobacco. Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.' ro 5.00 5.00 3.29 5.00 4.00 8.23 2.00 15.00 • • • • 8.23 .... , 50.00 ■ 49.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 , * • . • . 14.00 , • . ■ > • 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 5.' 16 5.00 5.00 3.29 6.00 4.00 2.47 5.00 .... • 12.00 16.00 14.00 > • • . • 13.00 12.00 G.OO 12.00 5.00 12.00 . - 4.00 12.00 3.00 12.00. 2.00 11.00 6.00 11.00 5.00 11.00 4.00 11.00 3.00 11.00 2.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.1 n 2.00 8.00 4.: 12 7.00 8.00 4.] L2 7.00 8.00 3.i 50 4.00 8.00 3.' 50 4.00 8.00 3.[ 50 4.00 8.00 3..- 50 4.00 8.00 2.^ t7 4.00 S.OO 2.- 17 4.00 8.00 2.^ 17 3.00 8.00 2.^ 17 3.00 8.00 2.^ 17 3.00 36 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Cotton-seed Meal Cotton-seed Meal Fish Scrap Guano Special Fertilizer Special Tobacco Fertilizer . . . Fertilizer for Tobacco Fertilizer Crop Grower Tobacco Grower Complete Fertilizer Special Grain Fertilizer Standard Guano for Tobacco. Standard Guano Guano for Tobacco . . Guano and Potash. . and Potash. . and Potash . . Crop Guano. Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Conestee Dried !< Conestee Special Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Conestee Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash H. G. German Kainit 10 Per Cent. Genuine German Kainit Bone Bone Bone Root Standard Truck Guano. High Grade Guano Truck Grower Corn Guano ish Scrap Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 . 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 ■ • • • 6.00 8.00 > • < • 5.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 4.95 8.00 6.00 3.30 8.00 6.00 2.47 3.00 4.50 8.02 .... 4.00 8.25 20.56 4.00 • • ■ 14.81 > • • > • > • 7.40 3.00 48.00 48.00 16.00 12.00 Colnmhia Guano Co.. Norfolk, Ya. — Raw Bone Meal Total Columbia High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate Columbia 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Columbia Dissolved Bone Columbia Acid Phosphate Columbia 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. Columbia 10i/4 and li-^ Bone and Potash Mix- ture Columbia 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. Columbia 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. Columbia Bone and Potash for Grain Columbia Bone and Potash Mixture Tobacco Special Columbia C. S. M. Special Parrish's Special Roanoke Ammoniated Guano Carolina Soluble Guano Columbia Grain Guano Pelican Ammoniated Guano Columbia Special Truck Guano Trojan Tobacco Guano Columbia Special 4-8-3 Olympia Cotton Guano Hyco Tobacco Guano Our Best Meal Guano Cozart's Tobacco Special 21.50 3.71 16.00 > ■ • • • • • • 14.00 .... .... 13.00 . . . . 12.00 11.00 .... 10.50 1.50 10.00 ■ . . > 5.00 10.00 ■ > . • 4.00 10.00 > * • • 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 9.00 2.06 5.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 8.00 3.30 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.29 6.00 The Bulletin. 37 -Nanif; and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Royal Tobacco Fertilizer Columbia Special Tobacco Guano Columbia Guauo Soluble for Tobacco Columbia Special Wheat Fertilizer Columbia Soluble Guano r. . Spinola Peanut Grower Columbia 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Columbia Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guauo . . . Columbia Potato Guano Crown Brand Peanut Guano Columbia Side Dresser Columbia Special Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Columbia Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.02 4.00 8.00 ■ < • > 4.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 • ■ ■ < 5.00 4.00 8.22 4.00 4.00 6.18 15.22 2.50 .... 7.42 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 Cumberland Bone and Phosphate Co., Portland, Ale., and Charleston, 8. C. — Standard Cumberland Bone and Superphos- phate of Lime The Coe-Morthner Co., Charleston, S. C— Gen. Key — Tree Brand Thomas Phosphate. Total Gen. Key — Tree Brand Thomas Phosphate, Total High Grade Tankage Importetl Ground Fish High Grade Tankage Imported Fish Guano Imported Fish Guano Total Imported Fish Guano Standard Country Club, Golf and Lawn Ferti- lizer Brand A for Planting Greens Nitrate of Soda H. G. Dried Blood H. G. Dried Blood Nitrate of Potash Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Muriate Mixture Genuine German Kainit Cooper Criiano Co., Wilmington, N. C— Cooper's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Cooper's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Cooper's Grain Producer Cooper's Grain Grower Cooper's Recorder Cooper's Kite Cooper's Helmar Cooper's Horto Cooper's Chadbourn Trucker Cooper's Lenox Cooper's Sunset C. S. M Cooper's Clifford Cooper's Swamp Fox 9.00 18.00 1.85 1.00 17.50 6.80 9.68 6.80 8.24 6.80 7.62 5.00 10.91 4.48 5.78 4.40 5.88 2.00 5.75 3.00 . . . 14.83 • • . < 14.00 . . . 13.59 .... 12..36 44.00 49.00 49.00 20.00 . . . ■ ■ > > 12.0 0 16.00 > • ■ • . . . . 14.00 > > > ■ 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 • • • > 2.00 8.85 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 38 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Cooper's Bunker Hill 8.00 Cooper's Crusoe 8.00 Cooper's Potato 8.00 Cooper's Bald Head Island 8.00 Cooper's Reward 8.00 Cooper's Waccamaw 8.00 Cooper's Sterling Complete 8.00 Cooper's Peanut Bouncer 8.00 Cooper's Finis 7.00 Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash .... Kainit .... Craven Chemical Co., Neio Bern, N. C. — Panama IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Jewel Acid Phosphate 14.00 Trent Bone and Potash 10.00 Halifax Guano 9.00 Prolix 9-2-;j Special Guano 9.00 Hanover Standard Guano 8.00 Currituciv SAveet Potato Guano 8.00 Craven Chemical Company's Standard Tobacco Guano 8.00 Duplin Tobacco Guano 8.00 Gaston High Grade Fertilizer 8.00 C. E. Foy High Grade Guano 8.00 Marvel Great Crop Grower 8.00 Elite Cotton Guano -. 8.00 Pantego Potato Guano 7.00 Xeuse Truck Grower 6.00 Craven Chemical Co.'s Truck Guano, 5-10-214. 5.00 Craven Chemical Company's Top Dresser A.. 4.00 Craven Chemical Company's Top Dresser B . . 4.00 Genuine German Kainit .... Craven Chemical Company's Top Dresser C . . .... William H. Camp, PetersMrg, Ya. — Bone Meal Total 22.50 Camp's Acid Phosphate 16.00 Camp's Acid Phosphate 14.00 Camp's Shepherd Brand Bone and Potash... 10.00 Camp's Bone and Potash 10.00 Camp's Lion and Monkey for Tobacco 8.00 Camp's Red Head Chemicals 8.00 Camp's Lion and Monkey 8.00 Cat and Rat Peanut Grower 8.00 Victory Corn Grower 8.00 Camp's Shepherd Brand Bone and Potash. . . . 8.00 Camp's Green Head Chemicals 7.00 Camp's Above All 6.00 Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash .... German Kainit .... Clayton Oil Mill, Clayton, N. C— C. O. M. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 C. O. M. High Grade Bone and Potash 12.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 4.11 14.85 5.80 3.00 2.00 10.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 5.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 • • • • 2.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 3.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 6.00 2.47 6.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 2.00 4.12 7.00 4.94 6.00 8.24 2.50 8.24 4.00 6.18 2.50 . . . . 12.00 7.41 3.00 .... 4.00 • • • ■ 2.00 2.46 3.00 2.25 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 • • • • 5.00 6.15 10.00 5.75 5.00 14.75 • • > ■ • • • • 48.00 • • ■ • 12.00 r 5.00 The Bulletin". 39 Name and Address of Mamifacturer and Name of Brand. C. O. M. Bone and Potash C. O. M. Wheat Compound Austin's Special Way Side Special C. W. H. Special Clayton Guano Clayton Special Tobacco Grower Planters' Favorite Cotton Queen Summer Queen C. O. M. Top Dresser H. and W. D. Climax Top Dresser Perfection Top Dresser C. O. M. German Kainit Catawba Fertiliser Company, Lancaster, 8. C. — Catawba High Grade Acid Phosphate Catawba High Grade Acid Phosphate Catawba Acid and Potash Catawba Acid and Potash Catawba Special Catawba Farmers' King Catawba Climax Catawba Preference Catawba Grain King Catawba Acid and Potash Catawba Gold Medal Catawba Farmers' Special Catawba Farmers' Union Catawba Farmers' Union Catawba Economizer •. . . Catawba Dixie Catawba Economizer Catawba Old Hicli;ory Catawba Reliable Catawba Electric Catawba Reliable Catawba Farmers' Choice Catawba Red Rose Catawba Peerless Catawba Red Star Catawba Champion Catawba Standard Catawba Standard Formula Catawba Eclipse Catawba Acid and Potash Catawba Cotton Producer Catawba Superior Catawba Excelsior Catawba Top Dresser Coicell, Swan <& McCotter Co., Baijboro, N. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Bone Phosphate Standard Cotton Grower Champion Guano Cowell's Great Tobacco Grower Special Tobacco Guano Special Cotton Guano Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 • • • • 5.00 10.00 2.05 4.50 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 4.10 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 3.00 6.56 2.00 • ■ • • 12.70 ■ < > • > * . . 9.85 4.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 • • • • • ■ . . 12.00 . • . • 5.00 12.00 4.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 1.65 5.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 4.00 10.00 • • ■ ■ 4.00 9.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 2.47 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 8.8.5 1.65 2.00 8.85 1.65 2.00 8.85 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 2.05 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 • • • • 4.00 6.00 4.93 5.00 4.00 5.75 7.00 4.00 5.75 4.00 4.00 6.16 2.50 16.00 14.00 8.00 3.30 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2 47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 40 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Quick Grower Guano Rust Proof Cotton Guano Crop Guano Gi-eat Cabbage and Potato Guano Oriental Trucker Aurora Trucker High Grade Truck Guano Potato Favorite Guano Cabbage Guano German Kainit Carolina Union Fertilizer Co., Nwfolk, Va. — Tbonias Phosphate Total Carolina Union 16 Per Cent Carolina Union 14 Per Cent Carolina T'uion 13 Per Cent Carolina Union 12 Per Cent Carolina T^uion 10-5 Carolina Union 10-4 Carolina Union 10-2. ; Carolina I^nion 8-7-5 Carolina Union 8-4-4 Carolina ITnion 8-3-3 Carolina I^nion 8-2i/,-3 Carolina Union 8-2.-5-2 Carolina Union 8-2-2 Carolina T'nion 8-2-3 Carolina Union 8-4 Carolina Union 7-4-5 Nitrate of Soda Blowl Fish Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 3.30 7.00 5.00 8.25 2.50 .... .... 12.00 16.00 16.00 14.00 .... 13.00 • • • • 12.00 .... 10.00 • . • • 5.00 10.00 • • . ■ 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 8.00 5.77 .5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .65 3.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 3.30 5.00 > > < > 14.85 • • . ■ .... 13.20 9.04 50.00 48.00 12.00 CMckamauga Fertiliser Works, Atlanta, Ga. — Chickamauga High Grade Dissolved Bone, No. 16 Chickamauga High Grade Dissolved Bone... Chickamauga 13-4 . . .,. Chickamauga Potash Special. No. 4 Chickamauga Potash Special Chickamauga Dissolved Bone Chickamauga Very Best Extra H. G. Guano.. Ben Hur H. G. Blood and Bone Guano Special Potato Compound Special Wheat Compound Special Vegetable Compound Special Corn Compound Chickamauga High Grade Fertilizer Chickamauga High Grade Plant Food Chickamauga Scrap Guano Chickamauga Wheat Special Chickamauga Corn Special Chickamauga Cotton Special Old Glory Mixture Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 8. Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower. No. 6. 16.00 .... 14.00 • * ■ • 13.00 4.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 2.00 12.00 .... 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 .... 8.00 10.00 • • • • 6.00 The Bulletin. 41 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 5. Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower Chickamauga Bone and Potash Chickamauga Blood, Bone and Tankage Guano Special Potato Grower Special Wheat Grower Special Vegetable Grower Special Corn Grower Chickamauga Complete Fertilizer Chickamauga Standard Corn Grower Chickamauga Standard Wheat Grower Georgia Home Guano No. 3 Bone, Tankage and Potash Mixture. . . . Chickamauga Alkaline Bone, No. 6 Chickamauga Alkaline Bone, No. 5 Chickamauga Alkaline Bone Nitrate of Soda .... Muriate of Potash .... Canton Fertilizer Co., Canton, Ga. — Dissolved Bone 16.00 Dissolved Bone 14.00 R. T. Jones Extra H. G 10.00 Elberta Special 10.00 North Georgia High Grade 10.00 Ten Two Four 10.00 Southern King High Grade 10.00 Fish High Grade 10.00 Orange High Grade 10.00 Jomco High Grade 10.00 Quickstep Wheat and Grain Grower 10.00 Special Potash Mixture 10.00 Eight Two Four 8.00 Fish Standard 8.00 Jomco Standard Grade 8.00 Dissolved Bone and Potash 8.00 Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash .... The Chesapeake Chemical Co., Baltimore, Mel. — C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Phosphate 14.00 C. C. Co.'s Reliable Phosphate 10.00 C. C. Co.'s Celebrated Mixture 10.00 C. C. Co.'s Rapid Trucker 8.00 C. C. Co.'s High Grade Guano 8.00 C. C. Co.'s Excelsior Fertilizer 8.00 C. C. Co.'s Fish Guano 8.00 C. C. Co.'s Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00 C. C. Co.'s National Crop Grower 8.00 C. C. Co.'s Keystone Phosphate 7.00 C. C. Co.'s Potato Compound 6.00 C. C. Co.'s Prolific Top Dresser C. C. Co.'s German Kainit .... Caraleifih Phosphate and Fertilizer WorKs, Raleigh, N. C. — Raw Bone Meal Total 25.00 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potasli. Acid. 10.00 • ■ < • 5.00 10.00 • ■ • ■ 4.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 • ■ ■ • 6.00 8.00 > • > ■ 5.00 8.00 .... 4.00 15.00 15.00 50.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 7.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 4.00 1,65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 .82 3.00 • • • • 4.00 1.65 4.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 4.00 48.00 • . . . 4.00 . . . . 2.00 3.28 7.00 3.28 4.00 2.46 4.00 2.46 3.00 1.64 3.00 1.64 2.00 3.28 5.00 4.10 5.00 7.51 3.50 • . . ■ 12.00 3.70 42 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Climax Dissolved Bone Sterling Acid Phosphate Staple Acid Phosphate Home & Son's High Grade Bone and Potash. Special Bone and Potash Mixture Morris & Scarboro's Special Bone and Potash. Electric Boue and Potash Mixture Pacific Tobacco and Cotton Grower Khamkatte Special Tobacco Guano Special 8-4-4 Home's Best Eclipse Ammoniated Guano Planter's Pride Caraleigh Special Tobacco Guano Eli Ammoniated Fertilizer Crown Ammoniated Guano Comet Guano Buncombe Corn Grower Buncombe Wheat Grower Caraleigh Top Dresser Nitrate of Scnla Kanona Tankage Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kaiuit Central Phosphate Co., Mount Pleasant, Tenn. — Tennessee Phosphate Total Cheraio Fertilizer Company, Cheratc, S. C. — Cheraw Perfection Acid Phosphate Choraw High Grade Acid Phosphate Cheraw Standard Acid Phosphate Cheraw Perfection Cheraw Special . . Cheraw High Grade Cheraw Excelsior Cheraw Fish Mixture Cheraw Complete Farmers' Pride Cheraw Top Dressing Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash German Kainit Combahee Fertilizer Company, Charleston, 8. C. — Combahee Fertilizer Co. Dissolved Bone Combahee Fertilizer Co. Dissolved Bone Combahee Fertilizer Co. Dissolved Bone Combahee Fertilizer Co. Melon Combahee Fertilizer Co. Cantaloupe Combahee Fertilizer Co. K. M. S Combahee Fertilizer Co. H. G. Cotton Fer- tilizer Special Mixture Combahee Fertilizer Co. Cotton and Corn Com- pound Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. 14.00 13.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 3.00 28.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.20 3.30 3.30 2.47 2.47 2.0B 2.00 1.G5 1.G5 .82 8.22 15.02 9.46 50.00 50.00 12.00 16.00 . . . • . . . • 14.00 ■ > ■ • ■ • ■ • 13.00 . . < > . . • • 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 7.00 3.29 3.00 7.00 2.47 4.00 6.00 2.47 2.50 3.00 7.41 3.00 .... 14.80 48.66 ■ • > ■ • • • • 12.00 16.00 . . . • • ■ • • 14.00 ■ • * ■ .... 13.00 > ■ > ■ • • . . 10.00 3..30 5.00 10.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.50 8.00 1.65 14.84 2.00 48.66 12.00 i The Bulletin. 43 Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Contentnea Guano Co., Wilson, N. C. — High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid 16.00 Contentnea 14 Per Cent Acid 14.00 Bartliolomew's Cotton Special 10.00 "Corn Club" Special 10.00 Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 3 10.00 Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 2 10.00 Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 1 10.00 Cotton Special , 9.00 Contentnea Cotton Formula 9.00 Bartholomew's Cotton Grower 9.00 S-4%-7 for Tobacco 8.00 8-4%-7 for Cotton 8.00 Climax High Grade 8.00 Howard & Williams' Cotton Special 8.00 Bartholomew's Tobacco Special 8.00 Cotton Special 8.00 High Grade Tobacco Grower 8.00 Government Formula, No. 1 8.00 Government Formula. No. 2 8.00 Victor Fertilizer for Tobacco 8.00 Farmers' Favorite Formula 8.00 Pick Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 Top Notch Fertilizer 8.00 Matchless Cotton Grower 8.00 Contentnea Cotton Grower 8.00 Contentnea Tobacco Special 8.00 Brag Cotton Grower 8.00 Blood and Bone Cotton Compound 8.00 Bragg Corn Grower 8.00 Special Formula for Truck 7.00 Contentnea Corn Special 5.00 High Grade Top Dresser 4.00 Special Top Dresser 4.00 Contentnea Top Dresser 3.00 Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Manure Salts Manure Salts H. G. 16 Per Cent German Kainit German Kainit J. W. Carter, Maxton, N. C— Muriate of Potash .... Genuine German Kainit Orotcn Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. — Crown 2-8-2 8.00 Crown 3-8-3 8.00 Crown 4-8-4 8.00 C. P. Bey, Beaufort, N. C— Ground Fish Scrap 7.00 Dixie Guano Co., Savannah, Ga. — Phosphoric Acid 16.00 Phosphoric Acid 14.00 Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash 11.00 Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash 10.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.47 .82 3.30 2.25 1.85 3.70 3.70 3..30 2.88 2.47 2.05 2.90 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.05 2.05 1.65 .82 4.06 1.65 8.25 6.60 8.25 14.82 1.65 2.47 3.29 8.23 7.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 5.00 2.00 5.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 5.00 10.00 7.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2..50 3.00 3.00 2.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 50.66 50.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 12.00 48.00 12.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 44 The Bulletin, Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. American Agricultural Chemical Co., Dixie Guano Branch, Spartanburg, S. C. — Dixie Acid Phosphate 16.00 Dixie Acid Phosphate 14.00 Dixie Bone and Potash 13.00 Dixie Fertilizer 10.00 Dixie Fertilizer 10.00 Dixie Blood, Bone and Potash Fertilizer 10.00 Dixie Cotton Grower Fertilizer 10.00 Dixie Bone and Potash 10.00 Dixie Blood and Bone Fertilizer 9.00 Dixie Fertil Izer 9.00 Dixie Fertilizer 8.90 Dixie Fertilizer S.OO Dixie Fertilizer 8.00 "" Dixie Corn Grower Fertilizer. 8.00 Dixie Special Corn Mixture Fertilizer 8.00 Dixie Fertilizer 8.00 Dixie Bone and Potash 8.00 Dixie Guano Co., Durham, N. C. — Dixie 10 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 10.00 Dixie 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00 Dixie Champion for Wheat and Corn 10.50 Jeff Davis Special 9.00 Dixie Star Ammoniated 9.00 Dixie Corn Fertilizer 9.00 Radium Brand Guano 8.00 Dixie Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 Carolina Special Ammoniated 8.00 Sulky Plow Brand Guano 8.00 Battle's Blood and Bone Fertilizer 8.00 Niasiara Soluble Bone S.OO Dixie Cotton Fertilizer 8.00 Old Plantation Superphosphate 8.00 The Dunn Oil Mill Company, Dunn, N. C. — T'ncle Zeb 9.50 Bull of the Field 8.00 Dunn Hustler 8.00 Planters Special 8.00 Sampson Cotton Grower S.OO Dixie Guano Company, Inc.. Suffolk, Ta. — Dixie Acid Phosphate 16.00 Dixie Acid Phosphate 14.00 Dixie Goodluck Brand 12.00 Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash 11.00 Dixie Montlcello Brand 10.00 Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash 10.00 Dixie's Best 8.00 Dixie Maximum Brand 8.00 Dixie 8-4-4 Guano 8.00 Dixie 8-2-5 Guano 8.00 Dixie High Grade 8.00 Dixie Standard Guano 8.00 Dixie Jumbo Peanut Grower 8.00 Dixie 10 Per Cent Top Dresser 5.00 Dixie 7 Per Cent 5.00 • * • > 6.00 3.30 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 2.00 1.65 3.00 > . . . 4.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 3.30 4.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 5.00 1.65 4.00 1.65 2.00 4.00 . . • > 1.50 2.26 2.00 1.65 1.00 .82 3.00 3.28 5.00 2.46 3.00 2.46 3.00 2.46 2.00 2.05 3.00 2.05 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 2.75 5.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 €.00 ■ • • * 2.00 1.00 2.00 . . . . 4.00 4.11 7.00 2.47 4.00 >3.29 4.00 1.65 5.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.00 4.00 8.23 3.00 5.66 4.00 i The Bulletin. 45 Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. PI19S. ACIQ. American Agricultural Chemical Co., Eagle Fer- tilizer Branch, Spartanhurg, S. C. — Eagle Acid Phosphate IG.OO Eagle Acid Phosphate 14.00 Eagle Bone and Potash. 13.00 Eagle Fertilizer 10.00 Eagle Fertilizer 10.00 Eagle Fertilizer 10.00 Eagle Cotton Grower ^10.00 Eagle Bone and Potash 10.00 Eagle Blood and Bone Fertilizer 9.00 Eagle Fertilizer 9-00 Eagle Fertilizer 8.90 Eagle Fertilizer 8-00 Eagle Fertilizer 8.00 Eagle Corn Grower 8.00 Eagle Special Corn Mixture 8.00 Eagle Fertilizer 8.00 Eagi^ Bone and Potash 8.00 ■Etiwan Fertilizer Co., Charleston, S. C. — Etiwan 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 1€.00 Etiwan High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Etiwan Di.ssolved Bone 13.00 Diamond Soluble Bone 13.00 Etiwan Acid Phosphate with Potash 11.00 Plow Brand Acid Phosphate wath Potash 11.00 Etiwan Potash Bone 10.00 Etiwan Soluble Bone with Potash 10.00 Diamond Soluble Bone with Potash 10.00 XX Acid Phosphate with Potash 10.00 Etiwan Blood and Bone Guano 9.00 Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate , 9.00 Etiwan 9-2-3 Per Cent Ammoniated Fertilizer. 9.00 Plow Brand Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.... 9.00 Etiwan Superior Cotton Fertilizer 8.00 Etiwan Special Cotton Fertilizer 8.00 Plow Brand Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 Etiwan Cotton Compound 8.00 Etiwan High Grade Cotton Fertilizer 8.00 Etiwan Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00 Plow Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00 Etiwan Special Potash Mixture 8.00 Nitrate of Soda .... Muriate of Potash .... Genuine German Kainit .... Elmore Gin and Fertiliser Co., Elmore, N. C. — Elmore Cantaloupe Special *s.00 Elmore Standard Cotton Fertilizer 8.00 Elmore 8-4-4 8.00 Elmore Standard Brand 8.00 Elmore X Fertilizer 6.50 Eastern Cotton Oil Co., Hertford, N. C. — Acid Phosphate 16.00 Acid Phosphate 14.00 "Ten-One-Four for Peanuts" 10.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 6.00 3.30 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 2.00 1.65 3.00 . . . . 4.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 . 2.00 1.65 . 2.00 3.3C » 4.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 5.00 1.65 i 4.00 1.65 2.00 4.00 . . . 1.66 1.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.0( J 1.00 2.0( 1.00 1.6: 5 3.00 1.6.' 5 2.00 3..S( ) 6.00 3.30 4.00 3.3( 3 4.00 2.4' r 3.00 2.4' r 2.00 1.6! 5 2.00 1.6. 5 2.00 • • • 4.00 14.8. 2 48.00 12.00 .3.2 9 7.00 2.4 7 3.00 3.2 9 4.00 3.2 9 4.00 2.4 7 2.50 4.00 46 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Bone Potash Currituck Special for Yellow Sweets Mat White Special Farmers Sensatiou for Tobacco It-grows Currituck Yellows Rain-proof Cotton Grower Magic Economy Fish and Blood Mixture Perquimans Favorite Early Bird Hertford Truck Grower. Tankage and Fish Substitute, Peruvian Guano for Truck Nun-Such Potato Grower Nitrate of Soda Dried Fish Fish Scrap Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Elba Manufacturing Co.. Maxton. N. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Elba Melon Grower Elba Superior Fertilizer Elba High Grade Fertilizer Elba Sunrise Fertilizer Elba Eclipse John's Cotton Grower Elba Gold Seal Fertilizer Elba Champion Elba Uncle Tom Elba Standard Elba Hornets' Nest Muriate of Potash Kainit The Eureka Fertilizer Co., Perryville, Md. — High Grade Trucker Potato and Vegetable White Potato Special American Agricultural Chemical Co., Farmers Fer- tilizer Works, Si)artanl)urg, S. C. — Red Rooster Acid Phosphate Red Rooster Acid Phosphate Red Rooster Bone and Potash Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Blood, Bone and Potash Fer- tilizer Red Rooster Money Maker Fertilizer Red Rooster Cotton Grower Fertilizer Red Rooster Boue and Potash Red Rooster Bone and Potash Red Rooster Blood and Bone Fertilizer Red Rooster Beats All Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Acid. 10.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 3.29 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 1.65 1.65 4.12. 5.77 4.12 4.12 15.67 9.00 8.07 4.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 7.00 7.00 49.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 • • . . . • ■ • 34.00 .... • • • • 8.00 4.32 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.00 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 S.OO 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 5.75 5.00 48.00 .... .... 12.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 16.00 • • . • 14.00 * • • • • ■ • • 13.00 .... 6.00 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 2.47 2.00 10.00 1.85 2.85 10.00 1.65 3.00 10.00 • * • • 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 The Bulletin. 47 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Farmers' Favorite Fertilizer. . . . Red Rooster Corn Grower Red Rooster Special Coru Mixture Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Bone and Potash Farmers Supply Co., Edenton, N. C. — Acid Phosphate German Kainit Farmers Guano Co., Raleigh, N. C, and Xorfolk, Va.~ Raw Bone Meal Total 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Farmers Acid Phosphate Special H. G. Bone and Potash Farmers Grain Grower Special Bone and Potash Mixture Century P.one and Potash Mixture Farmers Blood and Bone Big Crop Guano Money Point Guano Golden Grade Guano Toco Tobacco Guano Farmers Ammoniated Guano State Standard Guano Farmers Peanut Guano Special Bone and Potash Farmers 7 Per Cent Trucker Farmers Challenge Farmers Formula Farmers 6-7-5 Trucker Farmers Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Kanona Tankage Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Farmers Cooperative Guano Co., Inc., Blaclcstone and Ken'bridge, Va. — F. C. G. Co.'s Raw Bone Meal Total Pure Animal Bone Total F. C. G. Co.'s Acid Phosphate F. C. G. Co.'s Acid Phosphate Jericho Corn Grower F. C. G. Co.'s Bone and Potash Compound . . . F. C. G. Co.'s Bone and Potash Compound . . . Walkover for Corn and Peanuts Virginia Special for Tobacco The Meherrin Special for Tobacco Nottoway Special for Tobacco Free State Official Tobacco Guano Paul Jones for Tobacco Pope's Peerless Guano Farmers Common Sense Guano Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 • • • • 4.00 16.00 12.00 25.00 3.70 . . . . 16.00 > > t > • > . • 14.00 .... • • * t 13.00 .... • ■ ■ ■ 11.00 5.00 10.00 1.03 2.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.88 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.03 4.00 8.00 • * . ■ 4.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 2.47 3.25 6.00 5.77 5.00 3.00 8.28 15.62 9.46 4.00 50.66 50.00 12.00 21.00 3.70 21.00 2.47 16.00 • • . . . . . . 14.00 . . . > • * • . 10.00 1.03 • • . ■ KJ.OO .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 1.03 1.00 8.00 3.29 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 1.64 2.00 8.00 1.64 3.00 8.00 1.27 3.00 12.00 48 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Foreign Products Company, Inc., Baltimore, Md. — Ground Basic Slag Total Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit Farmville Oil and Fertiliser Co., FarmviUe, y. C- — XXX High Grade Acid Phosphate XX High Grade Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate FFF P>ono and Potash Farmville High Grade (C. S. M.) Davis's Corn Grower Pitt County Corn Grower Farmville's Favorite Fertilizer Greene County Special (for tobacco) Scientific Cotton Grower Specific Cotton Grower East Carolina Cotton Grower Davis's Special Guano Carolina Chief Lang's Favorite Farmville Special Turnage's Fish Scrap Mixture Harris's Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower Uncle Sam's Tobacco Grower Sterling for Tobacco Big Leaf (Tobacco Grower) Lewis's S-3-7 Tobacco Special Pollard's Special Formula Lewis's 8-3-5 Tobacco Special Obelisk Pride of Pitt Harriss's Special Tobacco Grower Turnage's Fish Scrap Mixture Congo Davis's High Grade Tobacco Manure Marlboro Tobacco Grower Golden Crown Marlboro Cotton Grower Pitt County Cotton Grower Chamblee & Sons' Special Cotton King Perfect Tobacco Guano Contentnea Special Davis's Cotton Grower Carolina Standard Farmville Standard (C. S. M.) Farmville's Bone Mixture Lewis's Special for Cotton Lang's High Grade Tobacco Manure Evergreen Top Dresser Second Application Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Avail. Plios. Acid. Nitrogen. Potasli. 17.00 16.00 .... 14.00 15.00 8.22 50.00 48.60 12.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 .... .... 12.00 .... 4.00 10.00 2.47 4.00 10.00 .82 5.00 10.00 .82 4.00 9.00 2.90 5.00 9.00 2.67 5.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 8.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.29 3.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.25 4.50 8.00 2.25 2.00 8.00 2.05 4.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 2.67 4.50 6.00 2.88 6.00 4.00 8.24 4.00 4.00 4.10 20.50 6.00 ■ ■ ■ • 15.58 . . . • The Bulletin. 49 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kaiult .• Floradora Guano Co., Laurinhnrg, N. C. — Humus Rocky Ford North Robeson Special Florena Floradora Supply Company Special Oceola Rob Roy Red Raven Bostick's High Grade Scotland Special Fremont Oil Mills, Fremont, N. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Fremont High Grade Bone and Potash Carolina C. S. M. Compound Fremont High Grade Guano F. O. M. Co. 8-3-7 Fremont Oil Mill Co.'s Special Tobacco Fremont Standard Fertilizer Nahunta Special Square Deal Up-to-date F. O. M. Co. Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit Farmers Cotton Oil Co.. Wilson, N. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Bonum Acid Phosphate Contentnea Acid Phosphate Washington's Corn Mixture Guano Xtra Good Bone and Potash Whitley's Special Guano Dean's Special Guano Regal Tobacco Guano Newsome's Tobacco Special J. D. Farrier's Special Guano Graves' Cotton Grower Guano Golden Gem Guano Wilson High Grade Guano , Planters' Friend Guano Carolina Choice Tobacco Guano Crop King Guano Farmers' Special Guano Rogers' Truck Grower Wilson Top Dresser Perfect Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda 4 Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. • ■ • • • • • ■ 50.00 • ■ • • • ■ • ■ 50.00 .... .... 12.00 10.00 3.29 5.00 10.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 6.40 2.13 3.00 16.00 14.00 . . . • > • * ■ 10.00 > > • • 4.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 3.00 7.40 14.85 5.00 .... 48.00 48.00 .... 12.00 16.00 14.00 • • ■ • * • • • 13.00 • > • • • • • • 10.00 .82 5.00 10.00 «... 2.00 9.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 2.88 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 2.00 9.05 4.00 2.00 8.23 20.57 5.00 • • • • 15.63 > • ■ • 50 The Bulletin'. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Sulphate of Potash. Muriate of Potash . . German Kaiuit . . . . Franklin Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Co., Inc., Franklin, Ya. — Pretlow & Co.'s H. G. Acid Phosphate Pretlow & Co.'s H. G. Truclv Fertilizer Pretlow & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Mixture. Pretlow & Co.'s Champion Guano Pretlow & Co.'s Peanut Grower Pretlow & Co.'s Genuine German Kainit... Georgia Chemical Works, Augusta, Ga. — High Grade Dissolved Bone Phosphate Extra Dissolved Bone Phosphate Dissolved Bone Phosphate ; 12 Per Cent Dissolved Bone Phosphate High Grade XX Acid Phosphate with Potash. Bone and Potash Mascot Blood and Bone Guano Good as Gold Guano Gem Crop Grower Cardinal High Grade Intensive Formula Three Oaks High Grade Guano Georgia Formula XXX Meal Mixture Acid Phosphate with 4 Per Cent Potash Kaiuit German Kali Works, Baltimore, Md. — Miu'iat'e of Potash Sulphate of Potash Manure Salts Kainit Griffith & Boyd Company, Baltimore, Md. — High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Grower's Favorite Farmer's Potato Manure Fish Bone and Potash 7 Per Cent Guano Griffith d- Turner Co., Baltimore, Md.— Ammoniated Butchers' Bone A^. G. Grandy cG Co., Elizabeth City and Balti- more, Md. — Grandy's High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate Eollingshurst & Co., New York City, N. Y. — Bone Meal Total Bone Meal Total Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) Total Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) Total Avail. Phos Acid 9.00 16.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 50.00 50.00 12.00 16.00 .... . • . * 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 . > . • 13.00 .... 12.00 • ■ . . .... 10.00 • ■ * . 4.00 10.00 • • . • 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.05 ' 2.00 8.00 .... 4.00 .... 12.00 50.00 48.00 20.00 12.00 16.00 8.00 3.30 4.66 8.00 .82 9.00 7.25 1.50 3.00 5.00 5.75 5.00 1.25 22.88 2.46 22.80 2.47 21.00 .... 20.00 • . • > 1.50 The Bulletin, 51 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) Total Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) Total Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) .... -Total Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) ... .Total Avail. Phos. Acid. 18.00 17.00 16.00 14.00 Nitrogen. Potash. Home Fertiliser and Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md- Champion Dissolved Phosphate Home High Grade Acid Phosphate Home Dissolved Animal Bone Gilt Edge Crop Grower • Eclipse Blood, Beef and Bone Home Bone and Potash Home Alkaline Bone Home Ammoniated Bone Home B. G. Ammoniated Compound Everybody's Fertilizer Home Standard Guano Champion Dissolved Bone and Phosphate.... Riosa Tobacco Compound Special C. & C. Compound Yancey's Formula for Yellow Leaf Tobacco.. Phcenix Crop Grower Home Potato Special Matchless Guano Home Cereal Fertilizer Ammoniated Bone Manure Farmers' Choice Truckers' Special Compound Home Vegetable Fertilizer Eclipse Ammoniated Compound Home Potato Grower Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Cei'ealite Top Dresser Home Fertilizer Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash German Kainit Hadley, Harris d Co., Wilson, N. C — Hadley's Special 8-4yo-7 Hadley's Special 8-3-5 Golden Weed Tobacco Grower Hadley Boss Daisy Fish Mixture Top Dressing Nitrate of Soda German Kainit Hampton Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. — Pure Ground Bone Total Supreme Acid Phosphate Hampton Acid Phosphate Hampton 12-5 Bone and Potash Mixture Hampton Bone and Potash Mixture Hampton Crop Grower Dauntless Potash Mixture Arlington Animal Bone Fertilizer 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 2.00 1.65 1.65 1.23 1.65 .82 .82 3.30 2.48 2.48 2.48 2.48 2.48 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 5.77 4.12 3.30 3.30 20.62 14.85 7.43 5.77 3.70 2.47 2.47 2.26 1.65 8.23 15.60 4.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 10.00 4.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 10.00 4.00 3.00 7.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 7.00 5.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 5.00 12.o6 20.00 3.70 • • • • 16.00 • • • • • • • • 14.00 • • t • • • • • 12.00 • • ■ • 5.00 11.00 . • • ■ • 2.00 10.00 • ■ • • 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 52 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Alpha Crop Grower Little's Favorite Crop Grower Hampton Tobacco Guano , P. P. P. (Princess Prolific Producer) Extra Tobacco Guano Shirley Superphosphate Hampton Special Grain and Peanut Fertilizer. Excelsior Bone and Potash Reliance Truck Guano Virginia Truck Grower Hampton 10 Per Cent Truck Grower Hampton Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Dry Ground Fish Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit S. B. Harrcll & Co., Inc., Norfolk, Ya.— Harrell's Acid Phosphate Harrell's Eclipse Harrell's Champion Cotton and Peanut Grower Harrell's Truck Guano Hartsville Fertilizer Company, Hartsville, 8. C. — Hartsville Best Acid Phosphate Hartsville High Grade 14 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate Hartsville XXX Acid Phosphate Coker's Special for Cotton Hartsville B. P. Mixture Hartsville B. P. Mixture Farmers' Pride Light Land Leader Renown Cotton Guano Monarch Tobacco Guano Hartsville Cotton Grower Griffin's Meal Mixture Coker's Cotton Compound Eagle Tobacco Guano Cinco Cotton Compound Hartsville B. P. Mixture Calhoun Pride Pedigree Top Dresser Williamson's Corn Mixture Coker's Special for Corn Nitrate of Soda The Best Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Kainit M. P. Euhhard & Co., Baltimore, Md. — Hubbard's Havana Special for Cotton and Corn Hubbard's Celebrated Phosphate Hubbard's Maryland Special Grower Hubbard's Special Potato and Tomato Hubbard's 7 Per Cent Bermuda Guano Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.50 2.06 2.50 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 • • • • 4.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 G.OO 5.76 5.00 5.00 8.23 3J)0 4.00 8.23 15.00 8.23 2.00 .... 50.00 49.00 12.00 14.00 9.00 2.26 2.66 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 16.00 14.00 • • • ■ . • • • 13.00 > • > ■ • > . • 10.00 4.00 3.00 10.00 ■ < • • 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 8.90 2.00 2.00 8.00 7.00 5.00 8.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 4.00 4.00 8.00 4.00 4.00 8.00 3.00 4.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 8.00 2.50 1.00 8.00 • • ■ ■ 4.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 7.50 2.50 3.75 4.00 5.00 2.00 7.00 7.00 .... 18.00 • • • • 9.00 3.00 48.00 .... .... 12.00 8.00 2.48 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.14 5.00 7.00 1.65 5.00 6.00 5.78 5.00 I The Bulletin. 53 Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Nitrogen Acid. The HuhMrd Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. — Hubbard's 16 Per Cent Phosphate 16.00 Hubbard's 14 Per Cent Phosphate 14.00 Hubbard's Special Mixture 10 and 4 10.00 Hubbard's B. and P. 10 and 2 10.00 Hubbard's Noxall 8.00 Hubbard's Royal Ensign 8.00 Hubbard's Yellow Wrapper 8.00 Hubbard's Fish Compound 8.00 Hubbard's Exchange Guano 8.00 Hubbard's Southern Leader 7.00 Hubbard's 5 Per Cent Royal Seal 6.00 Hubbard's Heavy Long Leaf 4.00 Hubbard's New Process Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash .... Pure German Kainit .... Interstate Chemical Co., Charleston, S. C. — Acid Phosphate 16.00 Acid Phosphate 14.00 Acid Phosphate 13.00 Acid Phosphate with Potash 10.00 Acid Phosphate with Potash 10.00 Special H. G. Guano 9.00 Favorite Crop Grower 9.00 Special H. G. Truck Guano 8.00 H. G. Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00 Planter's Preference Guano 8.00 Challenge Brand Guano 8.00 Complete Fertilizer 8.00 Grain and Hay Producer 8.00 Acid Phosphate with Potash 8.00 H. G. Top Dresser 4.00 Nitrate of Soda .... Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash German Kainit .... The Imperial Co., Norfolk, Va. — Imperial Pure Ground Bone Total 20.00 Imperial H. G. Tennessee Acid Phosphate. . . . 16.00 Imperial High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Imperial Catawba Wheat Grower 10.00 Imperial Carolina Wheat Mixture 10.00 Imperial Virginia Grain Mixture 10.00 Imperial Bone and Potash 10.00 Imperial Martin County Special Top Grower. 9.00 Imperial Crop Grower 9.00 Imperial Snowflake Cotton Grower 8.00 Imperial Tobacco Grower 8.00 Imperial X. L. O. Cotton Guano 8.00 Imperial Tobacco Guano 8.00 Imperial Yellow Bark Sweet Potato Guano.. 8.00 Imperial F. and B. Cotton Guano 8.00 Imperial Bright Tobacco Guano 8.00 Imperial Tennessee Tobacco Guano 8.00 Imperial Peanut Guano 8.00 Potash. • • • • 4.00 .... 2.00 3.28 4.00 2.46 4.00 2.46 3.00 1.64 3.00 1.64 2.00 3.28 5.00 4.10 5.00 3.28 6.00 7.51 3.50 15.68 ■ • ■ • .... 50.00 12.40 4.66 2.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 3.29 6.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 2.00 2.06 1.00 .82 4.00 • • • • 4.00 6.17 2.50 14.81 • > • • .... 48.00 • • • • 48.00 • • • • 12.00 3.70 4.00 • • • • 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.26 2.00 1.65 4.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 3.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 8.00 1.65 4.00 54 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Cotton Grower , Peanut and Corn Guano Cbampion Guano Cisco Soluble Guano Standard Premium Guano Ammoniated Guano Fish and Bone Grain Guano Yadkin Wheat Grower 7-7-7 Potato Guano High Grade Irish Potato Guano. Dawson's Cotton Grower Roanoke Crop Grower Asparagus Mixture 5-G-7 Potato Guano Williams' Special Potato Guano. Fish and Bone Sweet Potato Guano 10 Per Cent Guano Ammoniated Top Dressing for Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Impei'ial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Spinach Imperial Special Imperial Imperial Imperial Guano Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Genuine German Kainit. 7 Per Cent for Potatoes Eastern Shore Sweet Potato Special. Special Tobacco Guano Laughinghouse Special Tobacco Conetoe Cotton Grower . . . Cubanola Tobacco Guano. Top Dresser for Cotton . . . Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Scrap Animal Tankage Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Imperial Cotton Oil Co., Statesville, N. C. — Imperial 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Imperial High Grade Acid Phosphate. 10-4 Bone and Potash Imperial Bone and Potash King Cotton Imperial Corn Grower "Grasoil" Imperial Cotton Grower N. B. Josey Guano Co., Tarhoro, A^. C. — •Tosey's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Josey's Bone and Potash Josey 's Prolific Cotton Grower Josey's Truck Guano Josey's 8-4-4 C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap Guano. Josey's Tip Top C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap Tobacco Guano Josey's Home Builder C. S. M. and F. Guano. Josey's Favorite C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap Guano Josey's C. S. Meal Guano Josey's Potato Guano Josey's Peanut Guano Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 ■ ■ • • 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 8.00 7.00 2.67 2.75 7.00 2.47 2.00 6.00 4.94 7.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 6.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 6.00 1.65 6.00 5.00 8.23 2.50 5.00 8.23 5.00 5.76 5.00 5.00 3.29 0.00 5.00 3.29 9.00 4.00 3.29 6.00 4.00 3.29 4.00 4.00 2.47 5.00 2.00 8.23 15.00 8.23 5.76 50.66 49.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 • • • ■ • • • • 10.00 • • • • 4.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 1.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 16.00 10.00 • • • • 4.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 4.10 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 5.50 1.23 5.50 The Bulletin. 55 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Josey's Elite Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda '. Josey's Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Manure Salts Genuine German Kainit Jennette Bros. Covipany, Elizabeth City, N. C. — Jennette's Acid Phosphate Jennette's Acid Phosphate Jennette's Kainit A. S. Lee & Sons Co., Richmond, Ta. — Thomas Basic Slag Total Lee's Corn Fertilizer Lee's Wheat Fertilizer Lee's Bone and Potash Lee's 8-3-3 Fertilizer Lee's Natural Tobacco Grower Lee's Prepared Agricultural Lime Lister's Agricultural Chemical Works, Newark, N. J. Lister's 4i/^-45 Bone Meal Total Lister's High Grade Acid Phosphate Lister's Acid Phosphate Lister's Phosphoric Acid and Potash Lister's Dissolved Phosphate and Potash Lister's Carolina Bright for Tobacco Lister's Standard Pure Bone Superphosphate of Lime Lister's Complete Manure Lister's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phos- phate Lister's Success Fertilizer Lister's 5-6-4 Fertilizer Nitrate of Soda John F. McNair, Laurinhurg, N. C. — Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit E. H. & J. A. Meadows Co.. Neic Bern, N. C— Diamond Acid Phosphate Meadows' Diamond Acid Phosphate Meadows' Dissolved Bone and Potash Com- pound Meadows' Dissolved Bone and Potash Com- pound Thompson's Fish Mixture Meadows' Lobos Guano Meadows' Ideal Tobacco Guano Brooks' Special Tobacco Grower Parker's Special Tobacco Guano Dixon's High Grade Tobacco Guano Meadows' Gold Leaf Tobacco Guano Meadows' Roanoke Guano Meadows' All Crop Guano Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 3.00 7.42 4.00 • • • • 15.50 • • ■ • • • • • 7.42 4.00 .... 48.00 20.00 .... .... 12.00 16.00 14.00 .... . . • ■ 14.81 12.00 17.00 • . ■ • .... 10.00 ■ . . ■ 2.00 10.00 > . ■ ■ 2.00 9.00 . • . • 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 1.64 2.00 • ■ • ■ .... 2.00 20.50 3.70 • • > • 16.00 • . * • • • • • 16.00 • ■ • • ■ • • • 10.00 . ■ ■ • 4.00 10.00 • • ■ • 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.11 4.00 • • • • 15.00 • ■ ■ • 48.00 12.00 16.00 • • • • 14.00 10.00 .... 5.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.88 7.50 8.00 4.11 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.50 56 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Meadows' Cotton Guano Hookertou Cotton Guano Meadows' Great Cabbage Guano Meadows' Great Potato Guano Meadows' 10 Per Cent Guano Simmons' Special Guano Nitrolite Meadows' German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.64 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 8.00 6.00 8.23 2.50 6.00 2.47 6.00 • • • • 7.43 3.00 • • • • ■ > ■ • 12.00 Lexington Phosphate Co., Midway, Ky. — Kentuclcy Fine Ground Rock Phosphate. .Total The Miller Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. — Miller's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Miller's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Corn and Peanut Grower Corn and Wheat Grower The Miller Fertilizer Co.'s 10 and 4 Per Cent. Clinch Trucker No. 1 Potato and Vegetable Grower Miller's Irish Potato 4 Per Cent Tobacco Standard Phosphate Tobacco King Miller's High Grade Special Tobacco Grower Potato and Vegetable Guano Amraoniated Dissolved Bone Farmers' Profit High Grade Potato Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit The Mapes Formula and Peruvian Guano Co., l.'fS Liberty Street, New York — Mapes' Complete Manure, "A" Brand Mapes' Corn Manure Mapes' Vegetable or Complete Manure for Light Soils Mapes' Economical Potato Manure T. W. Meic'born d Co., Kinston, N. C. — H. G. Acid Phosphate Genuine German Kainit D. B. Martin Co., Richmond, Va. — Martin's Pure Ground Bone Total Martin's Raw Bone Meal Total Martin's Animal Bone Potash Compound Martin's Acid Phosphate Martin's Acid Phosphate Martin's Acid Phosphate Martin's Pure Dissolved Animal Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone 28.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 16.00 16.00 . • . • • • . • 14.00 • < • • ■ < > • 10.50 • • ■ • 2.^5 10.50 • • > • 2.25 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 3.71 7.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.12 15.05 7.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 2.47 2.47 4.94 3.29 22.00 2.46 21.00 3.70 16.00 1.65 16.00 • ■ > • 14.00 • > . • 13.00 • • . • 12.00 1.65 12.00 . . . • 12.00 • • ■ • 2.50 6.00 6.00 8.00 12.00 2.50 5.00 3.00 The Bulletin. 57 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos^' Acid. Martin's Acid Phosphate lo qo Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone [ lo 00 Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone 10 00 Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone lo'oo Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone 10 00 Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone ' lo'oo Martin's Tobacco Special 900 Martin's Cotton Special 900 Martin's Tobacco Compound " 900 Martin's Special Fertilizer .,',,' q'qq Martin's Dissolved Organic Compound. '. . . .' ." '. 900 Martin's Corn and Cereal Special g'oo Martin's High Grade Guano " §"75 Martin's Blood, Bone and Potash ' " " §00 Martin's Red Star Brand Fertilizer.... ' 8OO Special Fertilizer g'oo Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano! s 00 Martin's Cotton Guano ■" g'oo Martin's Red Star Brand .....' 8 00 Martin's Blue Ribbon Brand Fertilizer 8 00 Special Fertilizer g"oo Martin's Bull Head Fertilizer. son Bull Head g Oq Special Fertilizer V. ...... g'oo Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Giiano! 8 00 Privott's Favorite ' gnn Martin's Bull Head .'.'." goJ) Martin's Tobacco Special g'oo Martin's Special Fertilizer g'oo Special Fertilizer g"oo Martin's Cotton Guano .........'. g'oo Privott's Special for Potatoes and Peanuts ' 8 00 Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano 800 Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano ' SOO Martin's Animal Organic Compound ' 8 00 Martin's Slaughter House Special ' gno Martin's Wheat Special [][[ 8 00 Martin's Carolina Special for Tobacco 8 00 Martin's Carolina Cotton g'oo Martin's Corn and Cereal Special. g'oo Martin's Old Virginia Favorite... "■ son One Eight Four g^^ Peanut Grower "' g^Q Martin's Special Potato Manure!! 8 00 Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone. . " " ' g'oo Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone ' s'no Martin's Top Dresser 70o Martin's Red Star Brand Fertilizer.!! t'oo Glover's Special ■"■ L'^^ Martin's Gilt Edge Potato Manure! ! ! ! ! 700 Martin's Claremont Vegetable Grower " 7'oo Martin's 7 Per Cent Guano ! ! " ' qqq Martin's Animal Bone Potash Guano. * 6 00 Martin's Early Truck and Vegetable Grower' 600 Knowles' Special p.f.j) Martin's Top Dresser ^nn Nitrate of Soda •"" Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash !!!!!!!!! Genuine German Kainit Nitrogen. Potasli. 6.00 .... 5.00 4.00 .... 3.00 .... 2.00 2.46 3.00 2.46 3.00 2.26 2.00 2.05 3.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.65 2.00 4.10 7.00 4.10 5.00 3.28 6.00 3.28 6.00 3.28 4.00 3.28 4.00 3.28 2.00 2.65 2.00 2.46 8.00 2.46 3.00 2.46 4.00 2.46 5.00 2.46 4.00 2.46 3.00 2.46 3.00 2.26 3.00 2.05 3.00 2.05 1.00 1.65 6.00 1.65 5.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.03 4.00 1.03 4.00 1.00 5.00 .... 20.00 .... 4.00 8.22 2.50 4.10 5.00 3.28 8.00 2.46 10.00 2.46 5.00 5.74 5.00 4.10 7.00 3.28 8.00 3.28 6.00 8.22 2.50 L5.23 .... . . . . 50.00 * • . . 48.00 . . . . 12.00 58 The Bulletin.. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. J. C. Marsh d Co.. MarshviUe, N. C— Basic Slag Total Marietta Fertiliser Co., Atlanta, Ga. — Bone Meal Total Raw Bone Meal Total High Grade Acid Phosphate. Grade Acid Phosphate Marietta Marietta High Marietta 13-4 Marietta Phosphate and Potash.... Marietta Wheat and Clover Grower Marietta Truck Guano Marietta Aninioniated Bone Langford's Special Cooper's High Grade Guano Fish Compound Royal Seal Guano Tonawando Guano Marietta Special Guano Marietta Potash Dissolved Bone Marietta Cotton Marietta Marietta Marietta Marietta Marietta Marietta Pride of Farmers' Marietta Marietta Marietta Marietta Marietta Marietta Marietta Marietta Marietta Tankage Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash. . . . Sulphate of Potash . . . German Kainit Special Potash Grower Boll Producer Beef, Blood and Bone. . , Fertilizer. No. 844 Fertilizer. No. 83G Tobacco Special Fertilizer. No. 833 Piedmont Choice Best for Tobacco Sweet Potato Special.., Special Potato Fruit and Root Special. Fertilizer. No. 823 Guano Solid South Golden Grain Grower... Manure Substitute Marsh-Lee d Co., MarsliviUe, N. C Marsh's Acid Acid Special High Grade. Cotton Fertilizer .... Guano for Corn Marsh's Marsh's Marsh's Marsh's The MacMurphy Co . Charleston, 8. C. — High Grade Acid Phosphate, 14 Per Cent. Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Avail. Phos. Acid. 15.7G Nitrogen. Potash. 24.00 2.47 . > • • ■ 22.00 3.70 .... 16.00 • • . ■ .... 14.00 • ■ • • • . • • 13.00 • • • • 4.00 12.00 • * • • 4.00 12.00 ■ ■ ■ ■ 2.00 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 • • • ■ 4.00 10.00 ■ • • • 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 6.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 • • • • 4.00 6.00 3.30 4.00 2.00 8.24 20.56 . . . • 14.81 • • • ■ -t • • • ■ 50.00 ■ • • • 50.00 12.00 16.00 * 14.00 . . . • . • • • 8.00 2.47 3.00 1 8.00 1.65 2.00 r 8.00 1.65 2.00 14.00 1 13.00 • • t • . • ■ • t 12.00 • • > • 1.00 11.00 . • . • 1.00 The BuLLETiisr. 59 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Wilcox & Gibbs Co.'s Manipulated Guano ►Special Cotton and Corn 8.75-2-2 Special 8-4-6 Guano Special 8-4-4 Cotton Guano Special 8-4-4 Tobacco Guano Special 8-3-.3 Cotton and Corn Special 8-3-3 Tobacco Guano Standard 8-21/.-1 Guano Special 8-2-2 Guano Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Marlboro Fertilizer Co., Bennett sville, 8. C— Marlboro Perfection Acid Phosphate 16.00 Nitrate of Soda 14.80 Marlboro High Grade Acid Phosphate....... 14.00 Marlboro Standard Acid Phosphate 13.00 Marlboro Perfection 8.00 Marlboro Special 8.00 Farmers Mixture 8.00 Marlboro High Grade 8.00 Marlboro Excelsior 8.00 Marlboro Complete Fertilizer 7.00 Farmers Special Mixture 6.00 Marlboro Top Dresser 4.00 Muriate of Potash .... Marlboro German Kainit .... Martin & White Co., islorfolk, Richmond and Balti- more— Acid Phosphate 16.00 Acid Phosphate 14.00 Potash and Soluble Bone 12.00 Potash and Soluble Bone 12.00 Potash and Soluble Bone 10.00 Potash and Soluble Bone 10.00 Potash and Soluble Bone 10.00 H. G. Cotton and Tobacco Guano 8.00 Manure Substitute 8.00 Horse Shoe Brand 8.00 Organic Cotton Grower 8.00 Fish Guano 8.00 Fruit Special 8.00 Big Crop Grower 8.00 Special Peanut Grower 8.00 Royal Crop Grower 8.00 Special Peanut Grower 8.00 Royal Crop Grower 8.00 Blood, Bone and Potash 7.00 Special 7 Per Cent Trucker 6.00 Special Potato Grower 6.00 Virginia Trucker 6.00 Nitrate of Soda ■ Muriate of Potash Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 10.00 5.00 10.00 . • . • 4.00 10.00 ■ . . ■ • 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.75 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 .... 14.81 48.66 48.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 12.00 2.47 2.50 8.22 3.00 • • • • 48.00 • • • ■ 12.00 • ■ • • 5.00 • • > ■ 3.00 • ■ • • 5.00 > • • • 4.00 • ■ • • 2.00 3.28 4.00 3.28 4.00 2.46 3.00 2.46 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.03 4.00 1.03 4.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 4.00 4.10 8.00 5.74 5.00 4.10 7.00 3.38 4.00 [5.23 • • • > • . • • 50.00 - • • • 12.00 60 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Nitrogen Acid. IHorth Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Wilmington, N. C. — High Grade Acid Phosphate IC.OO Wilmington Bone and Potash 10.00 Pate's High Grade , 9.00 Cockrell & Williams' Cotton Grower 9.00 Wilmington Mortgage Lifter 9.00 Wilmington's Pride 8.00 Wilmington's Truck Grower 8.00 Bullock's High Grade 8.00 Wilmington Full Value 8.00 Wilmington Fruit Grower 8.00 Best Tobacco Grower 8.00 John's Special 8.00 Bullock's Cotton Grower 8.00 Wilmington Farmer Boy 8.00 Cooper's Special 8.00 The Stone Company Special 8.00 Clute's Cotton Grower 8.00 Wilmington Leader 8.00 Wilmington High Grade 8.00 L. P. B. Special 8.00 Lewis' Special 8.00 Carter's Lifter 8.00 Wilmington Standard 8.00 Pate's Special 8.00 Currie's Crop Grower 8.00 Wilmington Tobacco Grower 8.00 Wilmington Banner 8.00 Clark's Special 8.00 Maultsby's Cotton Grower 8.00 Wilmington Cotton Grower 8.00 Wilmington Special 8.00 Wilmington Headlight 6.00 Wilmington High Grade Top Dresser 4.50 Nitrate of Soda Wilmington Special Top Dresser Muriate of Potash .... Sulphate of Potash North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Raleigh, N. C— Raleigh Standard Guano 8.00 Worth Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte, N. C. — Dixie Standard 8.00 Majestic 8.00 North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Henderson, N. C. — Henderson Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 Franklin Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 Pride of Vance Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 Uneedit Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 Two in One 8.00 McKinne Mixture 8.00 Brewer's Special 8.00 American's Pet 8.00 Henderson Cotton Grower 8.00 Franklin Cotton Grower 8.00 Uneedit Cotton Grower 8.00 Vance Cotton Grower 8.00 Potash. .... 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.27 2.00 2.27 2.00 4.12 7.00 3.30 4.00 3.30 4.00 3.30 4.00 2.47 10.00 2.47 7.50 2.47 4.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 2.50 2.47 2.00 2.06 4.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 3.30 8.00 7.40 3.00 14.80 • ■ • • 7.40 3.00 .... 50.00 • • • • 48.00 2.26 2.00 2.48 3.00 1.65 2.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 3.29' 4.00 2.26 3.25 2.26 2.00 2.26 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 The BuLLETi2sr. 61 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Witrate Agericies Co., Neio York, Baltimore, S . • 16.00 . . • • 14.00 • • > • 11.00 2.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 3.30 7.00 5.00 8.25 2.50 4.00 3.30 6.00 , , 20.62 < > . . 15.67 11.59 9.90 . . . • 8.25 3.00 8.25 > < < • • • • . • 50.00 48.00 12.00 20.00 3.7( ' > • ■ • 16.00 • • . . • • • 16.00 > ■ . . • . . 14.00 • * t • • • • 10.00 • • • 4.00 10.00 • ■ • 3.00 10.00 • • ■ 2.00 10.00 • • ■ 2.00 9.00 2.2( J 2.00 8.00 3.2J ) 4.00 8.00 3.2( ) 4.00 8.00 2.4' r 3.00 8.00 2.4' r 3.00 k 62 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Oriana Bright Leaf Guano Oriana Cotton Guano Oriana Crop Grower Mayodan Valley Wheat Grower Oriana Special Mixture Oriana Truck Guano Pine Top Special Crop Grower Oriana H. G. Tobacco Guano Nitrate of Soda Mixture for Top Dressing Cotton Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Scrap Animal Tankage Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Grenulne German Kainit Navassa Guano Co., Wilmington, N. C. — Pure Raw Bone Total Navassa 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Navassa IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Navassa Acid Phosphate Navassa Dissolved Bone Navassa Special Wheat Mixture Navassa Gray Land Mixture Navassa Acid Phosphate Maxim Guano Corunna Guano Johnston County Bone and Potash Navassa Wheat and Grass Grower Navassa Wheat Mixture Navassa Dissolved Bone with Potash Navassa Fish Guano Robeson Countv' Special Navassa Big Boll Special Navassa Manipulated Guano Osceola Guano Harvest Queen Fertilizer Navassa Complete Fertilizer > Long's Wheat and Grain Guano Farmers' Mixture Navassa Universal Fertilizer Navassa Special Meal Fertilizer Coree Tobacco Guano Navassa High Grade Fertilizer Navassa Special Truck Guano Navassa Carib Guano Navassa Blood and Meal Mixture Navassa Big Cotton Grower Orton Guano Navassa High Grade Guano Clarendon Tobacco Guano Navassa Standard Meal Guano Navassa Cotton-seed Meal Special 3 Per Cent Guano Navassa Strawberry Top Dressing Sullivan Tobacco Special Mogul Guano Maultsby's Meal Mixture Avail. Phos. Acid. 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.06 1.65 1.65 4.11 5.76 1.65 3.29 S.23 15.00 8.23 5.76 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 50.00 49.00 12.00 22.50 3.71 ■ • • • 17.00 ■ • ■ 16.00 ■ . . . • . ■ 14.00 . . • > ■ • > 13.00 • • • 12.00 • < > 4.00 12.00 . > * 4.00 12.00 . . • • • > > 10.00 2.47 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 • > • 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 • < • 2.25 10.00 > . > 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.75 1.85 4.00 8.50 2.06 1.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.20 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.06 4.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 The Bulletin. 63 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Navassa Guano for Tobacco Ammoniated Soluble Navassa Guano. . . . Brooks' Ammoniated Guano Navassa Fruit Grower Fertilizer Harvest King Guano Clark's Special Cotton-seed Meal Guano. Navassa Grain Fertilizer Navassa Cotton-seed Meal Guano Navassa Cotton Fertilizer Occoneecbee Tobacco Guano Navassa Dissolved Bone witb Potasb... Navassa Lettuce Grower Fertilizer Navassa Root Crop Fertilizer Navassa Creole Guano Navassa H. G. Top Dresser Navassa Top Dresser. Navassa Quick Results Top Dresser.... Navassa Special Top Dresser Sulpbate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Blood Hlgb Grade Tankage Fisb Scrap Navassa Big Stick Top Dresser Muriate of Potasb Sulpbate of Potasb Genuine German Kainit G. Oher d- Sons Co., Baltimore, Md.~ Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Ober's Higb Grade Acid Pbospbate Ober's Dissolved Bone Pbospbate Ober's Standard Potasb Compound Ober's Dissolved Animal Bone Ober's Acid Pbospbate witb Potasb Ober's Dissolved Bone, Pbospbate and Potash. Ober's Special Higb Grade Fertilizer Ober's Special Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.. Ober's Farmers' Mixture Ober's H. G. Fertilizer Ober's Special Compound for Tobacco Ober's Special Compound for All Crops Red Seal Special Tobacco Guano Cooper's Pungo Guano Ober's Standard Tobacco Fertilizer Ober's Special Cotton Compound Ober's Soluble Ammoniated Superpbospbate of Lime Ober's Stag Guano Ober's Acid Pbospbate witb Potasb Ground Fisb Ober's Complete Fertilizer Ober's Special Tobacco Bed Fertilizer, 10 Per Cent Nitrate of Soda Ground Blood Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potasb Kainit Avai !. Phos Nitrogen. Potash. Acid 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 1.50 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 4.00 7.82 4.00 4.00 6.17 2.50 4.00 4.94 2..50 2.00 5.76 2.50 20..59 • > • • 14.82 • • • • 13.15 . • • ■ 8.25 • • "• • 8.24 • • • • 7.41 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 21. 0( ) 3.71 16.0( ) . ■ ■ ■ .... 14.0( ) • • ■ • ■ ■ ■ • 12.0( ) • • ■ ■ 5.00 lO.Of ) 2.47 10.0( ) .... 4.00 lO.Of ) .... 2.00 9.0f ) 2.47 3.00 9.0( ) 1.65 2.00 9.0( ) .82 2.00 8.0( ) 3.30 4.00 8.0( ) 2.47 3.00 8.0f ) 2.47 3.00 6.0( ) 2.47 7.00 8.0f ) 2.06 2.00 8.0( ) 1.65 2.00 8.0( ) 1.65 2,00 8.0( ) 1.65 2.00 8.0C ) .82 4.00 8.0( 1 . , . . 4.00 7.3C ) 8.20 ■ * * • 6.0C ) 4.12 6.00 4.0f ) 8.25 15.50 3.00 • 13.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 64 The Bulletin, Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Ocean Fisheries Co., Wilmington, N. C. — Dried Fish Avail. Phos. Acid. 5.58 Nitrogen. Potash. 9.20 The Pocomoke Gnano Co., Norfolk, Va. — Pure Ground Bone Total Superb Acid Phosphate Peerless Acid Pliosphate Pocomolie 12-5 Bone and Potash Alkali Boue Pocomoke Bone and Potash Mixture 10-2 Potash Mixture Pocomoke Truck Grower 5 Per Cent Seaboard Popular Trucker Coast Line Truck Guano • Pocomoke Top Dresser Smith Special Formula Nitrate of Soda ; Ground Fish Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Peruvian Guano Corporation, Charleston, S. C. — PeruA'ian Guano Ex. S. S. Caithness-shire.... Thomas Phosphate (Basic Slag) Total Peruvian H. G. Acid Phosphate Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Marie Teresa Total H. G. Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Chipana H. G. Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Con- dor Peruvian Acid Phosphate H. G. Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Capac Total "Chincha Island" High Grade Peruvian Mix- ture Peruvian Special Tobacco Mixture "Penguin" Peruvian Compound "Albatross" Peruvian Formula H. G. Peruvian Mixture Peruvian Acid and Potash Formula Sea Island Peruvian Mixture Cuzco Peruvian Mixture Laranago Peruvian Formula Peruvian Top Dresser Total Bellestas H. G. Peruvian Mixture Cormorant H. G. Peruvian Mixture Lobos Peruvian Mixture Pignero Peruvian Compound Puno Peruvian Tobacco Formula Petrel Peruvian Mixture Alcatroz Peruvian Corn Grower Standard Peruvian Mixture Excelsior Peruvian Formula Peruvian Acid Potash Mixture Peruvian High Grade Tobacco Formula Peruvian Sulphate Mixture 20.00 3.70 . . ■ • 16.00 . . ■ • 14.00 . • . • . • . ■ 12.00 • • > • 5.00 11.00 • • > > 2.00 10.00 • • ■ • 4.00 10.00 > • > • 2.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 4.00 8.23 2.00 4.00 3.29 6.00 15.00 • • ■ ■ 8.23 50.66 49.00 12.00 18.00 3.08 2.40 18.00 • • ■ • .... 16.00 15.00 2.26 1.80 14.00 3.21 2.00 14.00 2.46 2.00 14.00 13.00 4.93 2.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 3.00 4.00 10.00 2.46 3.00 10.00 1.64 4.00 10.00 1.64 2.00 10.00 . . . . 2.00 9.00 2.46 3.00 9.00 1.64 6.00 9.00 1.64 2.00 8.00 6.99 3.50 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 2.46 6.00 8.00 1.64 4.00 8.00 1.64 3.00 8.00 1.64 2.00 8.00 .83 3.00 8.00 . . . . 4.00 7.00 5.00 7.00 2.00 5.76 7.00 The Bulletin. 65 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Fisli Scrap Muriate of Potash Sulpliate of Potash Genuine German Kainit. Pamlico Chemical Co., Washington, N. G. — Pamlico K> Per Cent Acid Phosphate Pamlico Bone Phosphate Martin County Peanut Guano I'amlico I'eanut Guano Dissolved Bone and Potash Pitt County High Grade Tobacco Guano Blount's Special Cotton Grower Prosperity Cotton Grower Bissett's Si)ecial Cotton Grower Ammonia ted Peanut Guano United States High Grade Tobacco Guano Pamlico 8-5-10 Guano Cowell's Great Potato Grower Pandico 8-4-4 Guano Bull's Eye Tobacco Grower Early Sweet Potato Pamlico High Grade Tobacco Grower Success Guano Total Blount's Special Tobacco Grower Tobacco Growers' Friend Fountain's Special Guano Farmers' Best Guano Pamlico Bone and Fish Pamlico Cotton Guano Pamlico 7-7-7 Pamlico 7-.5-8 Guano Pamlico Special Irish Potato Guano Pamlico Special Sweet Potato Guano Pamlico Favorite Potato Guano Blount's H. G. Potato Grower Faukland H. G. Tobacco Guano Cowell's Great Cabbage Grower 4-3-.5 Guano Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Pamlico Ground Fish ' Sulphate of Potash RFuriate of Potash German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 14.80 .... 13.10 .... 8.20 .... 49.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 • • • • .... 10.00 1.23 4.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.SS 10.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.06 4.00 8.70 8.2.5 2.00 8.00 4.12 10.00 8.00 4.12 10.00 8.00 4.12 7.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.26 4.50 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.6.5 2.00 8.00 1.6.5 2.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 2.47 6.00 5.00 8.25 2..50 4.00 2.47 20.62 5.00 14.85 . • ■ • .... 8.25 55.00 48.00 12.00 Planters Fertilizer and Phosphate Co., Charleston, *Sf. C— 1 6 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Planters' High Grade Acid Phosphate Excels'or H. G. Acid Phosphate Planters' Soluble Bone Planters' Bnne and Potash Planters' Special Meal Mixture Planters' Grain Grower Special Mixture 16.00 .... 14.00 .... 14.00 .... 13.00 .... 12.00 1.00 10 00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 . . * > 5.00 66 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Planters' Acid and Potash Planters' Bone and Potash Planters' Blood and Fish Guano Planters' Special Mixture Planters' Special Mixture Planters' Special Cotton Fertilizer Planters' Bright Tobacco Fertilizer Special Mixture Planters' Cotton and Corn Fertilizer Planters' H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer Planters' Soluble Guano Planters' Fertilizer Planters' Standard Fertilizer Planters' Bone and Potash Special Mixture Special Mixture Special Mixture Planters' H. G. Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Planters' Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Planters' German Kainit Pearsall d Co., Wilmiufiton, A". C— Pearsall's H. G. Acid Phosphate Pearsall's H. G. Acid Phosphate Pearsall's Bone and Potash Pearsall's Fish and Potash Compound Davis's Special Pearsall's Bone Meal and Fish Total Pearsall's Berry Guano Pearsall's Fernside Tobacco Guano Pearsall's Useme Guano Pearsall's High Grade Tobacco Pearsall's F. F. F. G Oliver's Cotton and Corn Currie's Cotton and Corn Guano Pearsall's Corn Guano Pearsall's Eagle Pearsall's Potato and Truck Guano Pearsall's Complete Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Pearsall's Top Dresser Pacific Ouano Co., Charleston,. 8. C. — Standard Pacific Acid Phosphate Standard Soluble Pacific Guano High Grade Pacific Fertilizer Potchatan Chemical Co., Richmond, Va. — Pure Animal Bone Total Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Magic Dissolved Bone Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate Powhatan Acid Phosphate Magic Corn Special Magic Wheat Special Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 • • • • 4.00 10.00 • • ■ ■ 2.00 9.00 1.G5 3.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.50 3.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 •3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.G5 2.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 7.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 4.00 G.18 14.83 2.50 48.66 48.00 12.00 16.00 • • • • .... 14.00 . . . • .... 10.00 * > . * 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.07 4.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 G.OO 4.12 7.00 3.00 7.43 14.85 8.47 3.00 .... 7.42 3.00 12.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 25.00 2.47 22.50 3.70 . • . • IG.OO ■ ■ ■ • 14.00 .... .... 13.00 .... .... 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 1.00 2.00 The Bulletin. 67 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture Virginia Dissolved Bone Magic Corn Grower Magic Crop Grower Magic Bone and Potash Mixture Bone and Potash Mixture Guilford Special Tobacco Fertilizer Railing's Special Fertilizer Economic Cotton Grower Johnson's Best Fertilizer Holt's Magic Fertilizer Union Magic Fertilizer North Carolina Favorite Powhatan Special Fertilizer Magic Mixture Magic Wheat Grower King Trucker Tomlinson's Best Fertilizer Copeland's Magic Fertilizer North State Special Tomlinson's Favorite Fertilizer Tomlinson's Special Fertilizer Magic Fertilizer Johnson's Special Fertilizer P. C. Co.'s Hustler King Brand Fertilizer White Leaf Tobacco Fei-tilizer Powhatan Peanut Fertilizer Magic Cotton Grower Magic Special Fertilizer Magic Tobacco Grower Magic Peanut Special Magic Grain Special Magic Peanut Grower Magic Grain and Grass Grower Powhatan Rone and Potash Mixture Powhatan Trucker Copeland's Best Fertilizer Copeland's Special Fertilizer Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash High Grade German Potash Pure German Kainit Pine Level Oil Mill Co., Pine Level, N. C — Pine Level 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Pine Level 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Bone and Potash Mixture Sutton's Potato Guano Xantho Tobacco Guano Oliver's Truck Grower Guano Hale's Special Fertilizer for Tobacco Pine Level High Grade Fertilizer Cotton Grower Fertilizer for All Crops H. G. Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda IMuriate of Potash Avail. Phos. Acid. 12.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 Nitroge'n. .82 .82 2.47 2.47 2.26 2.06 2.06 1.85 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 4.11 3.70 3.29 3.29 2.88 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 .82 4.94 2.88 3.29 19.75 15.63 Potash. 5.00 1.66 1.00 4.00 2.00 6.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 .•'..OO 2.00 1.00 2.00 5.00 7.00 8.00 4.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 7.00 7.00 50.00 48.00 16.00 12.00 16.00 • • . . .... 14.00 ■ • • • .... 10.00 .... 4.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 8^0 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 3.00 6.03 14.88 6.00 48.00 68 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Patapsco Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. — Patapsco Pure Raw Bone Total Florida Soluble Phosphate Patapsco Pure Dissolved S. C. Phosphate Patapsco High Grade Phosphate and Potash. Baltimore Soluble Phosphate Patapsco 10 and 4 Potash Mixture Patapsco Soluble Phosphate and Potash Patapsco Guano for Tobacco Patai)sco Guano Tankage Total Patapsco Tobacco Fertilizer Patapsco Cotton and Corn Special Coon Brand Guano Patapsco Cotton and Tobacco Special Patapsco Plant Food for Tobacco, Potatoes and Truck Choctaw Guano Patapsco Special Tobacco Mixture Unicorn Guano Swanson's Gold Leaf Special •Planters' Favorite Sea Gull Ammoniated Guano Grange Mixture Patapsco 7-7-7 Truck Guano Patapsco Trucker for Early Vegetables Money Maker Guano Ground Fish Total Patapsco Potato Guano Patapsco Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit PocaTiontas Guano Co., Lynchburg, Va. — Fine Ground Bone Meal Total Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Carrington's S. C. Phosphate. Waukesha Brand Imperial Dissolved S. C. Phosphate Indian Special Grain and Grass Guano Wabash Wheat Mixture Carrington's Superior Grain Compound Pocahontas Special Tobacco Fertilizer High Grade 4 Per Cent Tobacco Compound, Mohawk King Yellow Tobacco Special Standard Tobacco Guano, Old Chief Brand.. Planters' Special Indian Tobacco Grower Farmers' Favorite Apex Brand Special Truck Grower. Eagle Mount Brand.. Spot Cash Tobacco Compound Carrington's Banner Brand Guano A. A. Complete Champion Brand Cherokee Grain Special Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. • ■ • • 48.00 * • • • 12.00 21.51 3.70 • • • • 16.00 ■ • • • .... 14.00 ■ • ■ • • • • . 11.00 5.00 11.00 ■ • • • 2.00 10.00 • ■ • • 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.25 2.06 2.00 9.25 2.06 2.00 9.15 7.41 • • • • 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.06 5.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 7.00 3.70 6.00 6.00 8.23 .... 6.00 4.11 7.00 4.00 3.29 20.16 4.00 .... 15.00 .... 49.00 48.00 12.00 2.S.00 2.47 22.00 3,71 . ■ > > 16.00 • • • • .... 14.00 • • • • .... 12.00 • • • • 5.00 10.00 • > • • 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 6.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 3.00 8.00 • ■ > • 4.00 The Bulletin. 69 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Planters Cotton Seed Oil Co., Rocky Mount, N. C. — Acid Pbosphate Acid Phosphate J. P. D. Special Gorhaiu H. G Tar River Special Planters' C. S. Oil Co.'s Tobacco Guano Planters' C. S. Oil Co.'s Cotton Guano Eagle Guano Planters' Peanut Mixture Planters' Special Potato Guano E. L. D. Special Braswell's Special for Tobacco Planters' Top Dresser Ground Fish Scrap Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Piedmont-Mt.' Airy Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. — Piedmont Bone Meal Total Piedmont 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Piedmont 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Piedmont Special Potash Mixture Levering's Potashed Bone Piedmont Farmers' Bone and Potash Piedmont Farmers' Standard Piedmont Essential Tobacco Compound Levering's Ammoniated Bone Piedmont Special Farmers' Tobacco Guano.. Piedmont Unexcelled Guano Piedmont High Grade Ammoniated Bone and Potash Levering's Reliable Tobacco Guano Piedmont Guano for Tobacco Piedmont Guano for All Crops Levering's Standard Piedmont Bone and Peruvian Mixture Piedmont Special for Cotton. Corn and Pea- nuts Piedmont Cultivator Brand Piedmont Red Leaf Tobacco Guano Piedmont Farmers' Favorite Piedmont Star Bone and Potash Piedmont 7-7-7 Truck Guano Piedmont 5-7-5 Guano Piedmont Special Truck Fertilizer Piedmont Special Potato Guano Piedmont Early Vegetable Manure Piedmont Early Trucker Piedmont Vegetable Compound. . . . '. Piedmont Potato Producer Nitrate of Soda Boykin's Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 16.00 14.00 • • > * ■ ■ • • 8.00 3.20 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.21 5.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 2.47 3.00 7.00 2.26 3.50 3.50 7.82 3.00 .... 8.23 • * ■ • • • • • • • • • 50.00 • • • ■ • • • • 48.00 • • • • 12.00 21.00 16.00 14.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.40 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 3.29 1.65 1.65 .82 2.47 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 5.76 4.12 5.76 4.94 4.12 4.12 3.29 2.47 15.23 7.41 5.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 5.00 8.00 6.00 3.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 70 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. The Quinnepiac Co., Charleston, S. C. — Staudard Quinnepiac Acid Phosphate Standard Quinnepiac Pine Island Ammoniated Superphosphate The Robert son Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. — Rohertson's Raw Bone Meal Total High Peak Acid Pho.sphate Scepter Brand Acid Phosphate P. M. C. Acid Phosphate J. W. S. Si>ecial Bone and Potash Mixture J. W. S. Alkaline Bone Skyscraper Bone and Potash Compound Level Run Dissolved Bone and Potash Dodson's Choice H. G. Complete Manure Robertson High Grade Guano J. W. S. Comjilete Guano Beaver Brand Soluble Guano Robertson's Blood and Bone Mixtun^ P. M. C. High Grade Soluble Guano Wood's Winner H. G. Guano Robertson's Soluble H. G. Guano Old Kentucky High Grade Tobacco Manure.. Robertson's Special Formula for Tobacco .... Big Cropper High Grade Guano Robertson's X-(T Ray) Tobacco Grower Double Dollar Soluble Guano Ten Strike Soluble Crop Producer M. C. Special Bone and Potash Mixture Rolicrtson 5 Per Cent Guano Robertson's 5-r>-7 Robertson's 7 Per Cent for Truck Robertson's 10 Per Cent Truck Guano Nitrate of Soda Blood Fish Muriate of Potash Sulphate' of Potash Genuine German Kainit. F. 8. Royster Guano Co., Norfolk. Va. — Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Royster's H. G. 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. . Royster's H. G. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate . . Royster's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Royster's Dissolved Bone Royster's XX Acid Phosphate Royster's 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. Royster's Special Formula B Royster's Soluble Guano Royster's 10 and 6 Bone and Potash Mixture. Royster's 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. Roystei"'s 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. Royster's Bone and Potash for Grain Royster's Bone and Potash Mixture M. P. F. Mixture Royster's Special Formula D Royster's 4-9-.5 Special Avail. Phos. Acid. 13.00 9.00 21.00 IG.OO 14.00 13.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 G.OO 5.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 1.85 3.71 2.47 2.26 2.06 1.85 1.00 4.12 3.30 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 1.65 1.00 4.12 4.12 5.77 8.25 14.85 13.20 9.04 1.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 2.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 21.50 3.71 17.00 > < • • . • * • 16.00 ■ • ■ • 14.00 .... 13.00 > > . . . . . • 12.00 .... .... 11.00 • . . • 5.00 10.00 2.47 1.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .... 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 0.50 3..30 5.00 9.15 2.39 5.50 9.00 3.30 5.00 The Bulletin. 71 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Tomlinson's Special Surry Special Tobacco Grower Piedmout Special Cotton Grower Royster's Meal Mixture Royster's Cotton Grower Royster's Special Formula C Viking- Aramoniated Guano Special Compound Royster's Grain Guano Royster's Special 1-9-2 Guano H. B. & Co.'s Special Royster's Supreme Tobacco Guano Royster's Best Guano Cobb's High Grade for Tobacco Trucker'.'; Delight Jupiter High Grade Guano Royster's H. G. Special Tobacco Guano Milo Tobacco Guano Royster's Special 4-8-3 : Gorham's Special Eagle's Special Tobacco Guano Marlboro High Grade Cotton Grower Bonanza Tobacco Guano Royster's Special Sweet Potato Guano Orinoco Tobacco Guano Special Tobacco Compound Royster's Special Wheat Fertilizer Royster's Complete Guano Farmers' Bone Fertilizer Webb's Korn King Farmers' Bone Fertilizer for Tobacco Jumbo Peanut Grower Royster's 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Royster's Special Formula E Battle's Favorite Royster's Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guano. . . Royster's Early Truck Guano Royal Special Potato Guano Royal Potato Guano Royster's Special 13 Per Cent Plant Food. . . . Royster's 7 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Royster's Peanut Special Arrow Potato Guano Royster's Irish Potato Giaano Yellow Bark Sweet Potato Guano Royster's Special 5-6-5 Pasquotank Potato Guano Oakley's Special Tobacco Guano Royster's 2-6-5 Special Royster's Special 21 Per Cent Plant Food. . . . Wiggins' Special Royster's Special 10 Per Cent Truck Guano. . Royster's Cabbage Guano Harvey's Cabbage Guano Royster's Potato Guano Royster's Special 20 Per Cent Plant Food. . . . Phillips' Special Royster's Special Formula A Presto Top Dresser Royster's Special Top Dresser Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 9.00 2.47 5.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.06 7.75 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 4.69 10.00 8.00 3.71 7.00 8.00 3.71 7.00 8.00 3.30 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 3.00 8.00 3.30 2.50 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.02 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.40 3.91 9.65 7.25 3.91 5.25 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 2.47 3.00 7.00 .... 5.00 7.00 5.00 6.00 5.77 5.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 3.30 8.00 6.00 3..30 4.00 6.00 1.65 5.00 5.50 4.52 10.00 5.50 3..30 3.00 5.00 8.24 3.00 5.00 8.24 2.50 5.00 6..59 3.00 5.00 4.94 7.00 5.00 4.10 10.00 5.00 1.65 6.00 4.45 ■3.08 4.22 4.00 8.22 4.00 4.00 6.18 2.50 72 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Royster's 4-6-4 Special Currituck Sweet Potato Guano. Ground Fish Scrap Nitrate of Soda Majiic Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Manure Salts Genuine German Kainit RohersonviUe Gtiano Co., Robersonville, N. C- Roberson's H. G. Acid Phosphate Roberson's H. G. Tobacco Grower Roberson's II. G. Meal and Fish Guano. Robinson's H. G. Cotton Grower Roberson's Special 7-7-7 Potato Grower. Roberson's H. G. Truck Guano Roberson's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano.... Robersonville II. G. Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Fish Scrap Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash . . Roberson's Genuine German Kainit Robeson Manufacturing Co., Lumberton, N. C. — Acid Phosphate Eureka Standby Gold Dollar Globe C. S. M. Guano Silver Dollar Cottonade Robeson's Special Honierun Genuine German Kainit Richmond Guano Co., Richmond, Va. — Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Pure Animal Bone Total Rex Dissolved Bone Phosphate Hi,s;h Grade Acid Phosphate High Grade Wheat and Grass Fertilizer Premium Bone and Potash Mixture Premium Dissolved Bone Hunter & Dunn's Dissolved Bone Premium Corn Special Premium Wheat Special H. G. Bone and Potash Regal Bone and Potash Mixture Old Homestead Dissolved Bone Dissolved S. C. Phosphate Premium Corn Grower Bone Mixture Johnson's "Best Bone and Potash Rex Bone and Potash Mixture Avail. Ph . s. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 4.00 4.04 4.00 4.00 2.47 8.00 3.00 8.24 • * • • • • • • 15.22 > • ■ • • • • • 7.42 3.00 .... .... 48.00 • • • • .... 48.00 • • • • .... 20.00 .... .... 12.00 16.00 8.00 2.47 3.66 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 5.77 5.00 4.00 8.23 3.00 • * • ■ 20.50 • • • • .... 15.60 • • • • .... 13.62 > • • • 8.00 50.66 • • • • • • • ■ 48.00 12.00 16.00 10.00 3..36 5.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 4.00 6.58 4.00 12.00 22..^0 3.70 25.00 2.47 > ■ • • 16.00 . . . • 14.00 .... . . • • 14.00 • > ■ • . . . • 13.00 > • • ■ 3.00 13.00 • > > • • • • • 13.00 .... < • ■ • 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 • • ■ • 5.00 12.00 • > ■ • 4.00 12.00 • • • • 12.00 .... 10.00 .82 1.66 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 • ■ > t 5.00 10.00 • • ■ « 4.00 The Bulletin. 73 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Bone and Potash Mixture Sanders' Special Formula for Bright Tobacco. Hunter & Dunn's Special Ammoniated Fer- ti 1 izer Collins' Special Fertilizer Carolina Cotton Grower Burton's Special Tobacco Fertilizer C. & B.'s Best Fertilizer Lowery's Special Fertilizer Cracker Jack Fertilizer Bone Mixture Premium Cotton Grower Premium Wheat Grower Southern Trucker Perfection Special Beeson's Best Fertilizer Tobacco Fertilizer Carolina Bright Tobacco Fertilizer Gilt Edge Fertilizer Gilt Edge Tobacco Fertilizer Carolina Bright Special Tobacco Fertilizer. . . Tip Top Tobacco Fertilizer Tip Top Fertilizer Carolina Bright for Cotton Special Premium Brand for Tobacco Special Premium Brand for Plants Beeson's Favorite Fertilizer Beeson's Special Fertilizer Rex Tobacco Fertilizer Premium Cotton Fertilizer Premium Tobacco Fertilizer , Premium Brand Fertilizer Hunter & Dunn's Ammoniated Fertilizer Parker & Hunt's Special Tobacco Fertilizer.. Edgecombe Cotton Grower Premium Grain Special Premium Peanut Special Parker & Hunt's Corn Fertilizer Premium Peanut Grower Tip Top Bone and Potash Mixture Winter Grain and Grass Grower Clark's Special Formula Special High Grade for Truck 10 Per Cent Cabbage Guano Smith's 7 Per Cent Special Edwards' Prolific Cotton Grower Carter's Special for Tobacco Smith's Special Fertilizer Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Special Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash High Grade German Potash Pure German Kainit Red Cross Guano Co., Lynchhurg, Va. — Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Red Cross Bone Meal Total Red Cross H. G. Phosphate Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 • • > ■ 2.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 9.00 2.47 2.25 9.00 2.47 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.06 3.00 9.00 2.00 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 4.11 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.26 2.50 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.50 8.00 1.S5 2.25 8.00 1.85 2.25 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 .... 4.00 8.00 • ■ » • 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 4.94 6.00 7.00 4.94 5.00 6.00 8.23 2.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 4.00 2.47 6.00 4.00 1.65 19.75 15.63 7.00 7.30 3.00 • • • • 50.00 • • • • .... 48.00 16.00 .... 12.00 22.00 3.71 22.00 3.00 .... 16.00 .... .... 74 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Red Cross Standard Phosphate 14.00 Red Cross Grain Grower 10.00 Red Cross Bone and Potash 10.00 Red Cross High Grade for Tobacco 9.00 Red Cross for Tobacco and Tiiick 9.00 Red Cross for Bright Tobacco 9.00 Red Cross Si>ecial for Tobacco 8.00 Red Cross Tobacco Guano 8.00 Red Cross Crop Grower 8.00 Red Cross Grain and Grass Special 8.00 Rasin-Moniinwntal Co., Baltimore. Md. — Rasin Ifi Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Rasin 14 Per Cent Acid Phospliate 14.00 Rasin 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 13.00 Rasin Special Bone and Potash 10.00 Rasin's 10 4 Bone and Potash 10.00 Rasin Bone and Potash 10.00 Rasin Dixie Guano 9.00 Baltimore Special Mixture 9.00 Rasin II. G. Guano 8.00 Rasin's Indian Brand for Tobacco 8.00 Rasiu Gold Standard 8.00 . Rasin Complete Fertilizer 8.00 Rasin Special Fertilizer 8.00 Rasin's General Tobacco Grower 8.00 Rasin Empire Guano 8.00 Rasin's Empire Truck Fertilizer 6.00 Read Pho.'ipliate Co.. Charleston, S. C. — Read's H. G. Dissolved Bone 16.00 Read's H. G. Acid Phosphate 14.00 Read's Bone and Potash 10.00 Read's Alkaline Bone 10.00 Read's Manipulated Guano 9.00 Read's H. G. Cotton Guano 8.00 Read's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 8.00 Read's H. G. Guano 8.00 Read's H. G. Tobacco Leaf 8.00 Read's H. G. Cotton Grower 8.00 Read's Soluble Fish Guano 8.00 Read's Blood and Bone Fertilizer. No. 1 8.00 Read's Special Potash Mixture 8.00 Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash • • • • German Kainit • • • • Keidsville Fertilizer Co.. Reidsrille, X. C. — Reidsville Acid 16.00 Harvest King 10.00 Acid and Potash 10.00 Bone and Potash 10.00 Bone and Potash 10.00 Acid and Potash 10.00 Lion Brand Fertilizer 9.00 Reidsville Hustler 9.00 Farmers Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 Roval Fertilizer 8.00 rogen. Potash. 4.00 2.00 2.47 3.00 1.85 4.00 1.65 2.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 - 1.65 2.00 s .82 2.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 2.00 2.06 3.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 2.00 4.12 7.00 . . . . 4.00 * ■ * • 2.00 1.65 3.00 4.12 7.00 3.30 6.00 3.30 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.62 2.00 4.00 9.00 . . . ■ . . . . 48.00 12.00 .82 4.00 4.00 4.00 . . . . 2.00 2.00 2.47 6.00 .82 2.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 The Bulletin. 75 Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Climax Fertilizer 8.00 Broad Leaf Tobacco Guauo 8.00 Banner E'ertilizer 8.00 Champion Guano 8.00 .J. H. Burton's Special 8.00 . Bone and Potash 8.00 Acid and Potash 8.00 Reidsvilie Top Dresser 5.00 Swift Fertilizer Works, Atlanta, Ga., Wilmingtoti, N. C, and Chester, S. C— Swift's Raw Bone Meal Total 2S.00 Swift's Pure Bone Meal Total 23.00 Swift's SiJecial 10.00 Swift's Cultivator 14.00 Swift's Harrow 13.00 Swift's North Carolina Special 12.00 Swift's Special 12.00 Swift's Atlanta 12.00 Swift's Chattahoochee 12.00 Swift's Farmers' Special 10.00 Swift's Corn and Cotton Grower 10.00 Swift's Eagle 10.00 Swift's Planters' Special 10.00 Swift's Plow Boy 10.00 Swift's Atlanta 10.00 Swift's Farmer's Home 10.00 Swift's Field and Farm 10.00 Swift's Wheat Grower 10.00 Swift's Special 9.50 Swift's Blood. Bone and Potash 9.50 Swift's Champion 9.00 Swift's Special Cotton Grower 9.00 Swift's Cotton King 9.00 Swift's Special Cotton Guano 9.00 Swift's Gold Medal 9.00 Swift's Farmers' Favorite 9.00 Swift's Cotton Plant 9.00 Swift's Special Formula 9.00 Swift's Cape Fear 8.00 Swift's Monarch 8.00 Swift's Majestic 8.00 Swift's Quick Grower Tobacco Fertilizer.... 8.00 Swift's Strawberry Grower S.OO Swift's Piedmont 8.00 Swift's Carter's Prolific 8.0O Swift's Carolina Tobacco Grower 8.00 Swift's Ruralist S.OO Swift's Plow Boy S.OO Swift's Special Blood Guano S.OO Swift Braswell's Formula 8.00 Swift's Pioneer Tobacco Grower 8.00 Swift Clark's Special Cotton Grower S.OO Swift's Red Steer S.OO Swift's Golden Harvest 8.00 Swift's Thompson's Special 8.00 Swift's Special Peanut Grower S.OO Swift's Plantation 8.00 Swift's Carolina 7 Per Cent Special Trucker. . 7.00 Swift's Special Irish Potato Grower 7.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.06 3.00 1.85 2.50 1.65 2.00 1.05 2.00 .82 3.00 ■ • • • 4.00 • • • ■ 4.00 4.94 1.75 3.70 2.47 .... 1.65 '2.06 ■ . . . . 6.00 4.00 3.29 4.66 2.47 3.00 1.65 2.00 .82 3.00 .82 1.00 5.00 .... 4.00 2.00 .... 2.00 4.12 3.00 3.29 7.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 2.00 2.26 2.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 1.00 .82 2.00 4.12 2.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 3.29 2.00 2.47 10.00 2.47 6.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 3.00 2.06 2.50 1.65 4.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 .82 5.00 .82 4.00 .... 4.00 5.76 7.00 4.12 8.00 76 The Bulletin, Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Swift's Early Trucker Swift's Special Trucker Swift's Favorite Truck Guauo Swift's Special Potato Grower Swift's Special Tobacco Grower Swift's Special 10 Per Cent Blood aud Bone Trucker Swift's No. 1 Ground Tankage Swift's Excelsior Top Dresser Swift's Everett's Special Formula Swift's Pure Nitrate of Soda Swift's Ground Dried Blood Swift's Special Top Dresser Swift's Nitrogen and Potash, No. 1 Swift's Nitrogen and Potash. No. 2 Swift's Muriate of Potash Swift's Sulphate of Potash Swift's Pure German Kainit Southern Chemical Co., Inc., Roanoke, Va. — Pride of Virginia Valley Queen Farmers' Joy Our Favox'ite Spartanburg Fertilizer Co., Spartanburg, S. C. — IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acidulated Phosphate West's Potash Acid 13-3 Potash Acid 12-6 Nitro Blood Gosnell's Plant Food N. C. Special Corn Formula , 10-4 Dana's Best Melrose 10-2 , Boll Buster Cotton Compound T'naka Glencoe I. X. L. Plant Food Potato Guano Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Avail. Phos. Acid Nitrogen. Potash. 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.94 6.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 3.29 6.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 4.50 8.24 4.00 6.18 2.00 4.00 3.29 14.82 3.00 > > • • 13.18 • • • • 7.40 4.00 .... 7.40 3.00 . • • • 6.58 4.00 .... 50.00 49.00 • • • • .... 12.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 16.00 14.00 • . • . ■ * • • 13.00 .... 3.00 13.00 • . • ■ 3.00 12.00 • • > • 6.00 11.50 1.65 2.50 10.50 2.46 2.00 10.50 1.65 8.00 10.50 1.65 5.00 10.00 • • ■ • 4.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 • . . • 2.00 10.00 • . • * 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 S.S8 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 2.46 7.00 ■ . • • 14.81 .... 48.00 Scotland Neck Ouano Co., Scotland Neck, N. C. — Our 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Our Bone and Potash Mixtux'e Biggs' H. G. Truck Guano Noah Biggs C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano. State Farm C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano. Carolina C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano Farmers' C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano Our Special C. S. M. Guano Johnson's Special Potato Guano Our Best Peanut Guano , 16.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 8.0Q 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 5.50 4.12 3.30 2.47 2.47 2.06 1.65 5.77 1.23 4.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 7.00 5.50 The Bulletin. 77 Name and Address of Manufactui'er and Name of Brand. K. Elite Top Dressing Nitrate of Soda Our Genuine German Kainit The Southern Exchange Co., Maxton, N. C. — S. E. C. Acid Phosphate S. E. C. Acid Pliosphate S. E. C. Bone and Potash Mixture S. E. C. Bone and Potash Mixture Juicy Fruit Fertilizer • The Walnut Fertilizer Melon Grower McKimmon's Special Truck Formula Two Fours Guano Southern Exchange Co.'s Bright Tobacco For- mula That Big Stick Guano Bull of the Woods Fertilizer Jack's Best Fertilizer Correct Cotton Comj)Ound R. M. C. Special Crop Grower Southern Exchange Co.'s Special Tobacco Fer- tilizer Currie Crop Lifter The Racer Guano The Coon Guano Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash . . . .' Genuine German Kainit H. T. Shannonhouse, Hertford, N. C. — Acid Phosphate Full Value Southern Pride Carolina's Choice Square Deal Farmers' Money Maker High Grade Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 3.00 7.40 3.50 • • • • 15.50 • • • • .... 12.00 in.oo 14.00 .... • • ■ • 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 8.r.0 2.06 2.50 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 • • • • 15.00 ■ » ■ ■ • • • • ■ > • • 49.00 .... .... 12.00 16.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.11 5.00 • • ■ • • • • ■ 12.00 The Southern Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte District, Concord, Charlotte, Davidnon, Shelby, Gib- son, Monroe and Wadesboro — Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Gold Seal Acid Phosphate Silver King Acid Phosphate Conqueror Bone and Potash Magnolia Bone and Potash Uncle Sam Home Made Razem King Bee Choice Conqueror Canto '. Melonite Peacock Moon 16.00 • • • • > • ■ • 14.00 • • • ■ • • • • 13.00 ■ ■ • ■ • • • • 10.00 ■ > < • 4.00 10.00 ■ ■ • > 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.05 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.88 1.65 2.00 8.00 3..*^0 6.00 8.00 3..^0 4.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 78 The BuLLETiisr. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Landsake Red Bull All-to-Good Gloria Double Two Bennett's Economy Mixture Dandy Top Dresser Peerless Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Nitrate of Soda Labi Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kalnit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.0G 2.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 G.75 2.47 2.50 4.00 9.07 2.50 4.00 6.17 15.00 13.20 2.50 . • • • 8.99 17.00 ■ ■ • • ■ • • • 48.00 48.00 12.00 Southern Cotton Oil Company, Spartanburg and Cheenville, S. C. — S. C. O. C. O. H. G. D. B Golden Fleece H. G. A. P The Boss Spartan Favorite H. G S. C. O. C. O., No. 1024 Quick Step Acid with Potash I'almetto Acid with Potash Pride of the South Spartan Hustler Palmetto Standard Sunrise High Grade Sunrise Quick Step H. G S. C. O. C. O., No. 835 Golden Fleece H. G Standard Grain Grower S. C. O. C. O. Acid with Potash S. C. O. C. O. Top Dresser S. C. O. C. O. Nitrate of Soda S. C. O. C. O. Muriate of Potash S. C. O. C. O. German Kainlt 16.00 > > . ■ .... 14.00 .... .... 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 2.47 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 • < * • 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.88 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 4.10 7.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 .85 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 4.00 6.18 14.82 4.00 48.66 12.00 Southern Cotton Oil Co.. Goldshoro, Fayetteville, Rocky Mount and Wilson — Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Best «& Thompson's Special Cotton Grower. . . Goldsboro Cotton Grower Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Special for Tobacco. Goldsboro Oil Mill Special Mixture Fayetteville Oil Mill Special Mixture Wilson Oil INIill Special Mixture Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Special Mixture. . . Rocky Mount Oil ]Mill Special Mixture Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Melon Grower Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Special Cotton Grower Best «& Thompson's High Grade Goldsboro Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower... Fayetteville Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower.. 16.00 14.00 . . • • • . • • 9.00 2.27 2.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 3.71 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.00 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 The Bulletin, 79 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Wilson Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower Rocky Mount Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower. B. G. Thompson's Special Cotton and Tobacco Guano Egerton's Old Reliable Morning Glory Goldsboro Oil Mill High Grade Fayetteville Oil Mill High Grade Wilson Oil Mill High Grade The Southern Cotton Oil Co. High Grade Halifax Peanut Grower Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Peanut Grower. . . . Goldsboro Oil Mill Standard Fayetteville Oil Mill Standard Wilson Oil Mill Standard Rocky Mount Oil Mill Standard The Southern Cotton Oil Co. Standard Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Truck Grower Southern Special for Tobacco Southern Cotton Oil Co. Top Dresser Rocky Mount Top Dresser Tidewater Guano Co., No7-folk, Va. — Tidewater Raw Bone Meal Total Top Rail Acid Phosphate Buster Brown Acid Phosphate J. W. S. Acid Phosphate Tidewater Bone and Potash Diana Brand Bone and Potash Compound. . . . Bully Boy Dissolved Bone and Potash Diana Brand Soluble Guano High Tide Soluble Guano Sho Nuf Guano High Grade Complete Manure. Hawk Eye Soluble Guano Soil King Special Guano Double Action Soluble Guano "Good Money" Complete Guano Tidewater Truck Guano Tidewater 4-6-4 Guano Nitrate of Soda Blood Fish Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.27 2.50 8.00 2.27 2.50 8.00 2.27 2.50 8.00 2.27 2.50 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 G.OO 2.90 6.00 4.00 8.25 4.00 7.43 4.00 21.00 3.71 16.00 > > > ■ .... 14.00 13.00 • > > > . ■ . > 10.00 ■ > . > 5.00 10.00 4.00 30.00 2.00 8.00 3.30 6.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.07 2.00 8.00 1.85 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 3.30 4.00 • • ■ < 14.85 . • • • ■ • > > 13.20 9.04 50.00 48.00 12.00 Ttiscarora Fertilizer Co., Atlanta, Ga. mitif/fon. N. C — and Wil- Bone Meal Total 24.00 2.47 Raw Bone Meal Total 22.00 3.70 Acid Phosphate 17.00 Acid Phosphate 16.00 Acid Phosphate 14.00 Acid Phosphate 13.00 Tuscarora Phosnhate and Potash 10.00 Tuscarora Alkaline Bone 10.00 Tuscarora Acid and Potash 10.00 Tuscarora Bone and Potash r 10.00 Tuscarora Chief 9.00 i.65 6.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 80 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Fertilizer, No. 913 Tuscarora Trucker Fertilizer, No. 844 Tuscarora, No. 836, for Tobacco Boon's Special Tobacco Special Cotton Special Fertilizer, No. 833 Tuscarora Blood aud Bone Berry King Tuscarora Tobacco Fertilizer Tuscarora Champion Tuscarora Cliampion Tobacco Grower. King Cotton Tuscarora Fruit and Potato Tuscarora Fertilizer, No. 825 Fertilizer, No. 823 Tuscarora Standard Tuscarora Standard Tobacco Grower. . Fertilizer, No. 815 Fertilizer, No. 813 Tuscarora Bone aud Potash Tuscarora Bone and Potash Big Four (4) Fertilizer Manure Substitute Tuscarora Complete Top Dresser. ... Tankage Nitra te of Soda Dried Blood Tuscarora Top Dresser Tuscarora Chief Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit Union Guano Co., Winston-Salem, N. C. — Pure Raw Animal Bone Meal Raw Animal Bone Meal Total Union IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Union High Grade Acid Phosphate Union Dissolved Bone Union 12-6 Bone and Potash Union 12-5 Bone and Potash Union 12-4 Bone and Potash Union 12-3 Bone and Potash Union 12-2 Bone and Potash Union 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Liberty Bell Crop Grower Union Prolific Cotton Compound Union Special Formula for Cotton Union Mule Brand Guano Gi'ain Chemicals Union 10-6 Bone and Potash Union 10-5 Bone and Potash Union 10-4 Bone and Potash Quakers Grain Mixture Giant Phosphate and Potash Finch & Harris's Special Bone and Potash. . . Union Bone aud Potash - Union Renown Guano Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 3.3C f 4.00 8.00 2.47 6.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.05 4.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.50 8.00 2.05 2.50 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 l.()5 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 l.()5 2.00 8.00 .82 5.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 5.00 8.00 • • • 4.00 7.00 1.65 4.00 6.00 3.30 4.00 4.00 6.18 2.50 2.00 8.24 • > > * 14.81 13.16 7.83 4.00 7.40 3.00 50.00 50.00 12.00 22.50 3.71 22.50 2.47 16.00 • ■ ■ .... 14.00 ■ • • .... 13.00 • ■ • . • a • • 12.00 • > • 6.00 12.00 • • • 5.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 • • • 3.00 12.00 • > • 2.00 12.00 • • • , • • • • 10.50 • ■ • 1.50 10.00 3.2! ) 4.00 10.00 2.4 7 3.00 10.00 1.6 5 2.00 10.00 i.o: 5 6.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 • • ■ 4.00 10.00 « > ■ 4.00 10.00 • • ■ 3.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.4 7 3.00 The Bulletin. 81 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Union Perfect Cotton Grower Union Complete Cotton Mixture Farmers' Blood and Bone Guano Dixie Cotton Grower Q. and Q. (Quality and Quantity) Guano... Union Approved Crop Grower Union Guano for Cotton and Tobacco Union Premium Guano Union Homestead Guano Victoria Higli Grade Tobacco Fertilizer Union Water Fowl Guano Union Standard Tobacco Grower Union Potato Mixture Christian's Special Tobacco Grower Old Honesty Guano Fish Brand Ammoniated Guano for Tobacco. Old Honesty Tobacco Guano Fish Brand Ammoniated Guano Union Superlative Guano Sunrise Ammoniated Guano Union 8-5 Bone and Potash Union Wheat Mixture Union Vegetable Compound Union Truck Guano Complete Mixture for Top Dressing Special 10 Per Cent Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Union Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit United States Fertiliser Co., Baltimore, Md. — Raw Bone Meal Total Farm Bell Acid Phosphate Farm Bell Acid Phosphate Farm Bell Phospho. Potasso Farm Bell Potash and Acid Farm Bell 10-5 Mixture Farm Bell Special Mixture Farm Bell Alkaline Mixture Farm Bell Big Yield Farm Bell Buckeye Guano Farm Bell Blood, Bone and Potash Farm Bell Excelsior Guano Farm Bell Majestic Guano Farm Bell Cotton Special Farm Bell Tobacco Special Farm Bell Tobacco Fertilizer Farm Bell Tomato Special Farm Bell Crop Grower. Farm Bell Fruit and Potato Animal Ammoniated Farm Bell Standard Guano Farm Bell Wheat, Oat and Corn Special Farm Bell Pennant Winner Farm Bell Phosphate and Potash Farm Bell Wheat and Grass Grower Farm Bell Truckers' Ideal Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash, Acid. 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 8.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 8.88 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 • ■ • ■ 5.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 3.28 5.00 4.00 6.1S 4.00 2.00 8.24 t 2.50 14.8S » » .... 7.42 ! 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 22.50 3.69 16.00 • • • > . • a 14.00 ■ • • • • < > 12.00 . 5.00 10.00 ■ • • 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 ■ * • 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.4' 4.00 9.00 .8'. I 2.00 8.00 4.1! L 7.00 8.00 3.2J i 7.00 8.00 3.2J i 4.00 8.00 2.4' 7 3.00 8.00 2.4' 7 3.00 8.00 2.4( 3 4.00 8.00 2.0( 3 3.00 8.00 2.0 5 3.00 8.00 1.6 5 10.00 8.00 1.6 5 5.00 8.00 1.6 5 2.00 8.00 .8' 2 6.00 8.00 .8 2 4.00 8.00 5.00 8.00 • ■ • 4.00 7.00 4.1 1 8.00 82 The Bulletin. K Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Farm Bell Potato and Tobacco Guauo. Farm Bell Klimax Kompouud Farm Bell 7 Per Cent Trucker Farm Bell Trucker's Favorite , Farm Bell Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Kainit Union Abattoir Co., Baltimore, McL, and Rich- mond, Va. — Red Star Acid Phosphate Red Star Acid Phosphate Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Rone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Brand Tobacco Compound Red Star Brand Cotton Guajio Red Star Early Truck and Tobacco Guano Red Star Grain and Grass Special Gilt Edge Mixture Red Star Cotton and Tobacco Guano Red Star Tobacco Fertilizer Red Star Cotton Guano Red Star Standard Red Star Grain and Grass Red Star Peanut Grower Red Star Potato Manure Red Star Special Guano Red Star 7 Per Cent Guano Re 14.00 . , • . • • 12.00 5.00 12.00 , , 3.00 10.00 , , 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 , , 2.00 9.00 3.28 2.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 S.OO 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 7.00 2.46 10.00 7.00 2.46 5.00 6.00 5.75 5.00 6.00 4.10 7.00 15.23 .... 48.00 • > ■ • • > ■ 12.00 16.00 ■ ■ > • . . . > 14.00 . . • ■ 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 9.00 - 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.11 8.00 7.00 4.11 6.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 5.00 8.23 2.00 5.00 5.76 5.00 The Bulletin, 83 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Nitrate of Soda MiuMate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kaiuit. VenaNe Fertiliser Co., Richmond, Ta. — Pure Animal Bone Total Pure Raw Bone Total Venable Best Acid Phosphate H. G. Acid Phosphate Yenable's Dissolved Bone Venable's Standard Acid Phosphate Yenable's Corn, Wheat and Grass Fertilizer.. High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture Bone and Potash Mixture Venable's Carolina Favorite Venable's 3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer Roanoke Mixture Roanoke Meal Mixture Venable's B. B. P. Manure Venable's 5 Per Cent Trucker Venable's 4 Per Cent Trucker Venable's H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer Farmers' Union Special Tobacco Guano Ballard's Choice Fertilizer Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manure, No. 1... Venable's Cotton Grower Venable's Roanoke Special Venable's Ideal Manure Our Union Tobacco Fertilizer Farmers' Union Special Tobacco Fertilizer... Venable's Meal Mixture Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manure, No. 2 Our Union Special Fertilizer Planters' Bone Fertilizer Venable's Peanut Special Venable's Alliance Bone and Potash Mixture. Venable's Peanut Grower Venable's 10 Per Cent Trucker Venable's G-G-6 Manure Nitrate of Soda Special Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Pure German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. .... 14.80 49.66 48.00 12.00 25.00 2.47 22.50 3.70 .... IG.OO • ■ • • .... 14.00 . • . • .... 13.00 ■ ■ > • 12.00 • . . > .... 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 ■ • > ■ 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 6.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 s.oo 4.11 5.00 s.oo 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.oo 2.47 3.00 s.oo 2.47 3.00 s.oo 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 S.OO 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO .82 4.00 S.00 .... 4.00 8.00 • • • • 4.00 6.00 8.23 2.00 6.00 4.94 6.00 15.63 . . • • 7.30 3.00 50.00 48.00 • • • • • • • • 12.00 Vance Guano Co., Henderson, N. C- Best Grade Acid Phospjiate Vance High Grade Acid Phosphate. Vance Corn and Grain Grower Bone and Potash Compound Farmers' Union High Grade Brodie's Best B. B Fish Brand Tobacco Manure Sterling Cotton Grower Hot Stuff Vance Top Dresser 16.00 • • ■ * .... 14.00 .... • ■ • • 10.00 .82 3.50 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 8.23 5.00 84 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co., Richmond, Va. — V.-C. C. Co.'s Floats Total 27.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Acid Phosphate.. 24.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Pure Raw Bone Total 22.50 V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Bone and Potash. 20.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 17.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Aiumoniated 16.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Climax Potash Mixture 16.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate . . . 16.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Sludge Acid Phosphate 14.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Animal Bone 13.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate . . . 13.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Special High Grade Potash Mix- ture 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s H. G. Potash Mixture 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Goodman's Special Potash Mix- ture 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s 12-4 Grain Grower 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Wythe County Potash Mixture. 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Crop Grower 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Battle's Crop Grower 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Acid Phosphate 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Home Comfort Acid Phosphate. 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Virginia 11-5 Bone and Potash. 11.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Electric H. G. Special 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Ideal Crop Grower 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Grain Mixture 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Sovereign Crop Producer 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Ford's Wheat and Corn Guano. 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Grain Special 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Standard Bone and Potash 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Crescent Potash Mixture 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Potash Mixture 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Best H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer. . . 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Great Texas Cotton Grower Sol- uble Guano 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s 3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Jeffrev's High Grade Guano 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s N. and R.'s Best 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Southern Cotton Grower C. S. M. 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Powell's Special H. G. C. S. M.. 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Vececo Cotton Grower C. S. M.. 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Cotton Grower 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Best's Special Cotton Grower.. 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Prolific Cotton Grower C. S. M. 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s White Stem C. S. M 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Standard Cotton Grower C. S. M. 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Bumper Crop Grower 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Soluble Guano High Grade Ani- mal Bone 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Cuban Special Mixture 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s No. 923 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Reliable Cotton Brand Fertilizer. 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s North State Guano C. S. M 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Grain Mixture 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Tiger Brand 9.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Bigelow's Crop Guano 9.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 3.71 2.29 2.06 4.00 4.00 2.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 . . . . 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 . . . . 5.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 5.00 1.65 2.00 .82 2.50 6.00 5.00 . . . . 5.00 4.00 . . . . 2.00 2.47 7.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.29 2.00 2.26 3.00 2.26 2.00 2.26 2.00 2.26 2.00 2.26 2.00 2.26 2.00 2.26 2.00 2.06 5.00 1.86 3.00 1.85 4.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 1.00 1.03 2.00 1.00 3.00 .82 3.00 The Bulletin. 85 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. V.-C. C. Co.'s Burnhardt's Grain and Crop Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s McCoi'mick's Wheat and Grain Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Myatt's Special High Grade Fer- tilizer Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Powhatan Crop Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Pelican Peruvan Guano (Peli- can Truck Grower and Top Dresser) V.-C. C. Go's Muse's Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Long Leaf Tobacco Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Fish and Meal Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Carr's Crop Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Choice V.-C. C. Co.'s John F. Croom & Bro. Fish and Meal Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Nowell & Richai'dson's Special. . V.-C. C. Co.'s Groom's Crop Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer. V.-C. C. Co.'s Excelsior H. G. Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Lion's High Grade Tobacco Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Success V.-C. C. Co.'s Groom's Special Cotton Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Menhaden Fish and Meal Mix- ture V.-C. C. Co.'s Best's H. G. Cotton and Tobacco Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Diamond C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Jumbo Peruvian Guano, Jumbo Crop Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Oldham's Special Compound for Tobacco. High Grade V.-C. C. Co.'s Blake's Best V.-C. C. Co.'s Royal High Grade Fertilizer. . . V.-C. C. Co.'s Special High Grade Tobacco Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Adams' Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Peruvian H. G. Tobacco Guano, V.-C. C. Co.'s Red Cliffe H. G. Cotton Grower. V.-C. C. Co.'s Zeno Special Compound for To- bacco H. G V.-C. C. Co.'s Gold Medal H. G. Tobacco Guano. V.-C. C. Co.'s 3-8-3 Tobacco Fertilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Friend Favorite Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Atlas Guano C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Admiral C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Good Luck C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Split Silk C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s 3 Per Cent Special C. S. M. Guano. No. 3 V.-C. C. Co.'s Orange Grove Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Delta C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Roval Crown V.-C. C. Co.'s Superlative C. S. M. Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Blue Star C. S. M Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 9.00 .82 3.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.50 1.65 1.50 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.29 5.00 8.00 . 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2..50 8.00 2.47 2..50 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.26 •- 2.50 8.00 2.26 2..50 8.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 86 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. V.-C. C. Co.'s Potato and Cabbage Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Smith's Irish Potato Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Pace's 5 Per Cent Special Po- tato Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Boon's Favorite V.-C. C. Co.'s Monarch Brand V.-C. C. Co.'s Virginia Bone Special A'.-C. C. Co.'s Valley Pride V.-C. C. Co.'s Corn and Peanut Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Winston Special for Cotton V.-C. C. Co.'s Diamond Dust C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Plant Food C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Wilson's Standard C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Ajax C. S. M. Guano V.^C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Favorite Fertilizer C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Monarch Wheat and Grass Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Peanut Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Electric Grain and Grass Grower. V.-C. C. Co.'s Peerless Corn, Wheat and Grass Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Peanut Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s The Harvester V.-C. C. Co.'s Pinnacle Grain Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s 8-5 Potash Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Potash Mixture for Peanuts V.-C. C. Co.'s Jones' Grain Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Wheat Compound V.-C. C. Co.'s Truck Crop Fertilizer A^-C. C. Co.'s Konqueror H. G. Truck Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Pasquotank Trucker V.-C. C. Co.'s Potash Potato Producer V.-C. C. Co.'s Formula 44 for Bright Wrappers and Smokers V.-C. C. Co.'s Plant Bed and High Grade V.-C. C. Co.'s Invincible High Grade Fertilizer. V.-C. C. Co.'s Kitty Hawk Truck Fertilizer. . . V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Truck Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Money Maker for Cabbage and Potatoes V.-C. C. Co.'s 10 Per Cent Top Dresser Extra H. G : V.-C. C. Co.'s Dewberry Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Dewberry Special Extra H. G... V.-C. C. Co.'s High Grade Top Dresser V.-C. C. Co.'s Sulphate of Ammonia V.-C. C. Co.'s Nitrate of Soda V.-C. C. Co.'s Blood V.-C. C. Co.'s Fish Scrap V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Top Dresser V.-C. C. Co.'s Muriate of Potash V.-C. C. Co.'s Sulphate of Potash V.-g. C. Co.'s Manure Salts V.-C. C. Co.'s Kainit Allison & Addison's Fulton Acid Phosphate. . Allison & Addison's I. X. L. Acid Phosphate. . Allison & Addison's Standard Acid Phosphate. Allison & Addison's Rockets Acid Phosphate. . Avail. Phos !. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid . 8.00 1.65 10.00 S.OO 1.G5 10.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 S.OO 1.65 5.00 S.OO 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.00 7.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 S.OO 1.00 4.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 5.00 8.00 4.00 S.OO 4.00 8.00 4.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 3.29 S.OO 7.00 3.29 S.OO 7.00 2.55 3.20 7.00 2.26 6.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 1.65 10.00 4.00 8.24 4.00 4.00 6.59 > • • ■ 4.00 6.56 4.00 4.00 6.17 2.50 20.59 14.82 . ■ * • • 13.18 ...» S.24 .... 7.40 3.00 48.00 48.00 20.00 12.00 14.( )0 • • • • 13.( )0 ■ • • • 12.( X) • • > ■ 1 2.( )0 • • • « Nitrogen. Potash. 2.00 2.00 2.26 2.06 1.65 2.00 5.00 1.00 - 1.00 2.00 2.26 2.00 3.70 2.47 1.65 1.65 1.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 The Bulletin. 87 Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Allison & Addison's McGavock's Special Pot- asli Mixture , 10.00 Allison & Addison's B. P. Potash Mixture 10.00 Allison & Addison's Star Special Tobacco Ma- nure 9.00 Allison & Addison's Star Brand Special H. G. 9.00 Allison & Addison's Star Brand Guano 9.00 Allison & Addison's Little Giant Grain and Grass Grower 9.00 Allison & Addison's Anchor Brand Tobacco Fertilizer 8.50 Allison & Addison's Star Brand Vegetable Guano S.OO Allison & Addison's A. A. Guano S.OO Allison & Addison's Anchor Brand Fertilizer. 8.00 Allison & Addison's Old Hicliory Guano S.OO Allison & Addison's Peanut Grower 8.00 Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka Acid Phosphate 16.00 Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Valley of Virginia Phosphate 14.00 Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Cren- shaw Acid Phosphate 13.00 Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Our Acid Phosphate 12.00 Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka Bone and Potash Compound 10.00 Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka Ammoniated Bone Special for Tobacco 9.00 Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Orient Complete Manure 9.00 Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia Truckers S.OO Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka Ammoniated Bone S.OO Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Orient Special for Tobacco S.OO Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Peanut Grower S.OO Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Carolina Trucker '^'•00 Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s 15 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 15.00 Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Catawba Bone Phosphate 14.00 Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Acid Phos- phate 13-00 Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Dayvault's Special 12.00 .... 6.00 Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Dissolved BODG • l^.UU ...• ...• Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Oliver's Per- fect Wheat Grower 11-00 Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s 10-2 Bone and Potash 10.00 Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s High Grade Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Queen of the Harvest C. S. M 9.00 — 2.00 2.06 2.00 1.65 2.00 4.12 5.0O 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.00 4.00 5.76 7.00 2.47 4.00 . . . . 2.00 2.06 2.00 1.65 2.00 88 The Bulletin, Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s McCrary's Diamond Bone and Potash 9.00 Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Groom's Special Tobacco Fertilizer S.OO Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Catawba Guano B. G S.OO Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Special 3 Per Cent Guano C. S. M S.OO Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated Guano B. G S.OO Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated Guano C. S. M S.OO Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s The Leader B. G 8.00 Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s King Cotton Grower S.OO Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00 Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade Dissolved Bone 14.00 Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Acid Phosphate. 13.00 Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Dissolved Bone. 12.00 Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Acid Phosphate with Potash 10.00 Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade 3 Per Cent Soluble Guano 9.00 Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Special Tobacco Guano 9.00 Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Truck Guano. . S.OO Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Guano for To- bacco 8.00 Davie & Whittle's Vinco Guano , 8.00 Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Guano 8.00 Davie & Whittle's Peanut Grower 8.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durham Best Acid Phosphate 16.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Excelsior Dissolved Bone Phosphate 14.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blacksburg Dissolved Bone 13.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s N. C. Farmers' Alli- ance Official Acid Phosphate 13.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Double Bone Phos- phate 13.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Acid Phosphate 12.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Great Wheat and Corn Grower 10.50 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Diamond Wheat Mix- ture 10.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Wheat and Corn Grower 10.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blue Ridge Wheat Grower 10.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Wheat Grower . 10.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durham Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s L. & M. Special 9.00 Nitrogen. Potash. . . . . 3.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 2.00 2.06 1.50 2.06 1.50 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 2.06 2.06 4.94 2.47 1.65 1.65 1.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 2.4< 1.50 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 The Bulletin. 89 Avail. • Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Guano 9.00 1.65 2.00 Durliam Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated Fer- tilizer 9.00 1.65 1.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Special Plant and Truck Fertilizer 8.00 4.12 3.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durham High Grade. S.OO 3.29 4.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Gold Medal Brand Guano S.OO 2.47 3.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Yellow Leaf Tobacco Guano 8.00 2.47 3.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s N. C. Farmers' Alli- ance Official Guano 8.00 2.06 3.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Pride of Durham To- bacco Grower 8.00 2.06 " 3.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Eaw Bone Superphos- phate for Tobacco 8.00 2.06 2.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Raw Bone Superphos- phate S.OO 2.06 1.50 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Genuine Bone and Pe- ruvian Guano S.OO 1.65 2.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Genuine Bone and Peruvian Tobacco Guano S.OO 1.65 2.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blaclisburg Soluble Guano S.OO 1.65 2.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Progressive Farmer Guano S.OO 1.65 2.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Peanut Grower S.OO 1.00 4.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Carr's Special Wheat Grower 8.00 4.00 Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Best Potato Manure. 7.00 5.76 7.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Ironside Acid Phos- 'phate 16.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Arvonia Acid Phos- phate 13.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Spartan Acid Phos- phate 12.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Alpine Mixture 10.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s S. W. Special Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Independent Standard. 8.50 1.65 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Bright Belt Guano. . . 8.00 2.47 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Solid Gold Tobacco . . 8.00 2.26 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s New Era 8.00 1.65 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg Soluble. . . 8.00 1.65 Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg Soluble for Tobacco 8.00 1.65 Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Reliable Acid Phosphate 14.00 Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Best Acid Phosphate 13.00 Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Soluble Bone 12.00 Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Bone and Potash 10.00 2.00 Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Trucker and Tomato Grower 8.00 4.12 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 90 The BuLLETi^sr. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Thos. Acid. Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Amazon High Grade Manure S.OO Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower S.OO Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Amazon H. G. Special Tobacco Guano '. . . S.OO Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Cooper's Bright Tobacco Fertilizer S.OO Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Genuine Slaughter House Bone Made Especially for Tobacco S.OO Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Crescent Bi:and Ammoniated Fertilizer S.OO Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Genuine Slaughter House Bone Guano S.OO Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Peanut Grower : S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s High Grade Acid I'hosphate 14.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Bone Phosphate. . . 13.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Royster's Acid Phosphate 12.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Obelisk Brand Bone and Potash 10.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Planter's Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Al- kaline Bone and Potash 10.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Home's Cotton Fer- tilizer 9-00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Standard Raw Bone Soluble Guano 9.00 Old Dominion Special Mixture for Tobacco.. S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend High Grade Fertilizer S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Soluble Bone High Grade Special Tobacco Manure. 8.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend Special Tobacco Fertilizer S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Osceola Tobacco Guano S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend Fertilizer S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Spe- cial Wheat Guano S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Sol- uble Tobacco Guano S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Bullock's Cotton Guano S.OO Old Dominion Guajao Co.'s Soluble Guano S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Peanut Grower... S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Miller's Special Wheat Mixture S.OO Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion 7-7-7 Truck Guano 7.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Po- tato Manure 7.00 Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 7 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer • • • 6.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.47 3.00 2.47- 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 3.00 2.06 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.00 4.00 2.06 1.65 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 1.G5 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.00 5.76 4.12 5.76 4.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 7.00 S.00j 6.00 The Bulletin. 91 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion 6-7-5 Truck Guano Old Domiiiion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion spe- cial Sweet Potato Guano Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 10 Per Gent Truck Fertilizer Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont High Grade Acid Phosphate Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Fulp's Acid Phosphate. Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Best Acid Phosphate Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Almout Acid Phosphate. Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Acid Phosphate Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Acid Phosphate and Potash Powers, Gibbs »& Co.'s Almont Wheat Mixture. Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Stand- ard Guano Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Truck Farmers' Special Ammoniated Guano Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Ammoni- ated Dissolved Bone Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Old Kentucky High Grade Manure Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Belt Ammoniated Guano Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Carolina Golden Belt Ammoniated Guano for Tobacco Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Powers' Ammoniated Guano Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Gibbs' Ammoniated Guano Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Soluble Am- moniated Guano Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal- Solu- ble Ammoniated Guano Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Eagle Island Ammoni- ated Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Peanut Grower Southern Chemical Co.'s Comet 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Southern Chemical Co.'s Chick's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate - Southern Chemical Co.'s Red Cross 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Southern Chemical Co.'s Victor Acid Phos- phate Southern Chemical Co.'s Chatham Acid Phos- phate Southern Chemical Co.'s Reaper Grain Appli- cation Southern Chemical Co.'s Tar Heel Acid Phos- phate Southern Chemical Co.'s Horseshoe Acid Phos- phate Southern Chemical Co.'s Quickstep Bone and Potash Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 1.65 6.00 5.00 S.24 2.50 14.00 13.00 • • • • :::: 13.00 12.00 12.00 .... .... 10.50 10.00 .... 1.50 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 2.00 s.oo 3.29 5.00 s.oo 3.29 4.00 s.oo 2.47 3.00 s.oo 2.47 2.00 s.oo 2.06 3.00 s.oo 2.06 2.00 s.oo 2.06 1.50 s.oo 1.65 2.00 s.oo 1.05 2.00 S.00 s.oo 1.65 1.00 2.00 4.00 16.00 .... .... 16.00 .... .... 14.00 .... .... 13.00 .... .... 13.00 .... .... 12.00 .... 3.00 12.00 .... • • • • 12.00 .... • • ■ • 11.00 5.00 92 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. Southern Chemical Co.'s Solid South 10.00 6.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Winner Grain Mix- ture 10.00 4.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Farmers' Pride Bone and Potash 10.00 3.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Winston Bone and Potash , 10.00 2.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Mammoth Corn Grower 10.00 2.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Mammoth Wheat and Grass Grower 10.00 2.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Sun Brand Guano. . . 9.00 2.06 5.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s George Washington Plant Bed Fertilizer for Tobacco 8.00 2.47 2.50 Southern Chemical Co.'s Pilot Ammoniated Guano Special for Tobacco 8.00 2.06 3.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Electric Tobacco Guano 8.00 1.65 2.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Electric Standard Guano S.OO 1.65 2.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Yadkin Complete Fer- tilizer S.OO 1.65 2.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Chick's Special Wheat Compound S.OO 4.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Powhatan Acid Phos- phate 14.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Dissolved S. C. Bone 13.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Brand Acid Phosphate 12.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Bone and Pot- ash Mixture 10.00 2.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Powhatan Tobacco Fer- tilizer 9.00 2.47 3.00 , J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Tobacco Fer- tilizer 8.00 3.29 2.50 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Richmond Brand Guano. S.OO 2.47 3.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Peruvian H. G. Tobacco Guano 8.00 2.47 3.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Killickinick Tobacco Mix- ture 8.00 2.06 3.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Appomattox Standard Tobacco Grower S.OO 1.65 2.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Lee Brand Guano S.OO 1.65 2.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Brand Guano. 8.00 1.65 2.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Tobacco - Guano S.OO 1.65 2.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Peanut Grower 8.00 1.00 4.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Special Irish Potato Guano 6.00 5.76 6.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's 7 Per Cent Am- moniated Guano for Beans, Peas, Cabbage, Strawberries 6.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Irish Potato Guano 6.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Strawberry Grower 6.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Top Dresser. . . 5.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's 10 Per Cent Truck Guano 5.00 8.24 2.50 5.76 6.00 4.94 6.00 3.29 9.06 4.00 The Bulletin. 93 Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. S. W. Travel's & Co.'s Champion Acid Ptios- phate 16.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Travers' Dissolved Acid Pliosphate 14.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Standard Dissolved S. C. Bone 13.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Dissolved Bone. 12.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Bone and Pot- ash Compound 10.00 S. W. Travers &, Co.'s National Tobacco Fer- tilizer 8.50 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Truck Ser- tilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Tobacco Fer- tilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Big Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Cotton Fer- tilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s National E'ertilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s National Special To- bacco Fertilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers «fe Co.'s Beef, Blood and Bone Fertilizer 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Peanut Grower 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Travers' Special Wheat Compound 8.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Travers' 7 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer 6.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Bull Run Acid Phosphate 16.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Brand Acid Phosphate 14.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Clipper Brand Acid Phosphate 13.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Lurich Acid Phosphate 12.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Alps Brand Acid Phosphate 12.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Mountain Top Bone and Potash 10.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s XX Potash Mix- ture 10.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Number One Soluble Bone 9.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Highland King. 9.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gamecock Spe- cial for Tobacco 8.50 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia State High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Bull Dog Solu- ble Guano 8.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Dunnington's Special Formula for Tobacco 8.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Peerless To- bacco Guano 8.00 Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Buffalo Guano. 8.00 Nitrogen. Potash. — 2.00 1.85 2.25 3.29 3.00 3.29 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 1.65 2.00 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 1.00 2.00 4.00 . . . . 4.00 5.76 5.00 1.65 1.65 1.65 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 5.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 94 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Vn-giuia State Fertilizer Co.'s Austrian To- bacco Grower Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Spe- cial Tobacco Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Battle Axe To- bacco Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia State Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Brand Dissolved Bone and Potash Johnston's Best Baltimore Special Mixture Indian Brand for Tobacco Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. S.OO 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO 20.00 9.00 S.OO 4.94 .82 2.47 4.00 6.00 2.00 3.00 Thomas Wake field, Friendship, V. C. Pure Bone Meal .Total WiUiams cC- Clark Fertilizer Co., Charleston, S. C. — Standard Americus Amiuoniated Bone Super- phosphate Winiorne-Broivne Guano Co., 'Norfolk, Va. — High Grade Acid Phosphate Standard Acid Phosphate Soluble Bone and Potash Big Triumph Guano Farmers Select Guano King Tammany Guano Winborne's Tobacco Guano Champion Crop Grower Winborne's Excelsior Guano Standard Eureka Guano Climax Peanut Guano Premium Top Dresser Big Crop 7 Per Cent Guano Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit 21.00 9.00 4.10 1.85 1.00 16.00 ■ • • ■ .... 14.00 > • . • . • . • 10.00 .... 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 S.OO 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 6.00 7.40 3.00 5.00 5.75 5.00 15.00 50.66 • • ■ • • * • > 12.00 W. Wood & Sons, Richmond, Va. — Wood's Pure Animal Bone Meal Total 23.00 Standard H. G. Acid Phosphate 16.00 Standard High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Standard Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00 Standard Corn Fertilizer 9.00 Wheat Fertilizer 9.00 High Grade Truck Fertilizer S.OO Standard Market Grower Fertilizer 8.00 Standard Vegetable Fertilizer S.OO Potato Fertilizer S.OO Grain and Grass Fertilizer 8.00 Crop Grower Fertilizer 8.00 Special 5-6-7 Guano 6.00 Wood's Lawn Enricher 6.00 Winbourn's Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard 3.60 1.23 1.23 4.93 3.29 2.47 1.65 1.65 1.03 4.10 2.47 7.40 15.63 2.00 1.00 1.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 7.00 3.00 3.00 50.66 48.00 12.00 The Bulletin, 95 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. WesseU, Duval & Co., X. Y. and Wilviington — Nitrate of Soda Wilson Chemical Company, Wilson, X. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Bone and Potash Mixture No. 3 .- Bone and Potash Mixture No. 2 Bone and Potash Mixture No. 1 Cotton Special 8-4.50-8 for Tobacco 8-4.50-7 for Cotton Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gold Medal Cotton Fertilizer Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gold Medal Tobacco Fertilizer Planters Formula No. 1 for Fine Tobacco. . . . Planters Formula No. 2 for Fine Tobacco. . . . Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gilt Edge Tobacco Grower East Carolina Cotton Grower East Carolina Tobacco Grower Tobacco Special Cotton States Standard Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 14.8c 16.00 . . . • • ■ ■ • 14.00 • • • ■ ■ ■ > • 10.00 .... 5.00 10.00 • • < • 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 3.05 4.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 S.OO 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 S.OO 2.47 10.00 S.OO 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.05 5.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 14.00 50.6o 50.00 • • • • • • • • 12.00 The J. R. Younrj Fertilizer Co., Xorfolk, Va. — High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Special Bone and Potash Compound Bone and Potash Mixture J. R. Young's 2%-9-2 Guano J. R. Young's Corn Grower J. R. Young's 4-8-4 Crop Grower J. R. Young's 3-8-3 Guano for Cotton J. R. Young's New Process 3-8-3 Guano for Tobacco J. R. Young's New Process 2-8-2 Guano for Cotton, Corn and Peanuts J. R. Young's Special 2-8-2 Guano Pasquotank 5-6-7 Potato Grower J. R. Young's Special Guano for Potatoes. . . J. R. Young's Improved Fish and Bdne Ma- nure J. R. Young's 3-6-6 Special Guano for S. P. . . . J. R. Young's New Process Guano for Truck . . J. R. Young's 4-4-6 Special for Tobacco Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash J. R. Young's German Kainit 16.00 . • • • • • • ■ 14.00 ■ • • • > • ■ • 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 6.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 6.00 2.47 6.00 5.00 5.67 3.50 4.00 3.29 14.85 6.00 • ■ ■ • > • • • 49.00 48.00 12.00 LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR MARCH, 1912. Pounds sold for producers, first hand 3,289,518 Pounds sold for dealers 179,066 Pounds resold for warehouses 276,106 Total 3,744,690 o I $ THE BULLETIN or THK NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE^^ RALEIGH Vol. 33, No. 5. MAY, 1912. Whole No. 167. HINTS ON THE SELECTION OF CORN FOR SEED AND EXHIBITION By James M. Gray Assistant Director State Farmers' Institutes An Ideal to Follow. PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-oflBce at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter Fairfield First District. K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District. R. L. WoODARD. Pamlico '. Third District. I. H. Kearney Franklinton Fourth District. R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McCallum -.Red Springs Sixth District. J. P. McRae Laurinburg- _ Seventh District. William Bledsoe... ..Gale Eighth District. W. J. Shdford Hickory Ninth District. A. Cannon Horse Shoe - Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF W. A. GRAHAM ..Commissioner. ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent. MissB. W. PESCUD Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn Bulletin Clerk. B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. Pickel Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood.. .-- Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley Assistant Chemist. E. L. Worthen — Soil Investigations. •W. E. Hearn Soil Survey. W. H. Stroud Assistant Chemist. J. Q. Jackson... Assistant Chemist. E. W. Thornton - Assistant Chemist. J. K. Plummeh .Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch ....Clerk. F. S. Puckett Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY - Curator of Museum. T. W. Adickes ...Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN. Jr Entomologist. Z. P. Metcalf. Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN - Veterinarian. • B. B. Flowe - .Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. EATON Dairyman. R. W. Grabber Assistant Dairyman. A. M. Flanery .Assistant Dairyman. W. N. HUTT Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist. O. M. Clark Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER - Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray ..Assistant Director Farmers' Institutes. W. M. ALLEN ...Pure Food Chemist. W. A. Smith Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Bell _ -.- -- Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN __._ - Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS Agronomist. G. M. Garrbn ..Assistant Agronomist. tE. G. MOSS - Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tE. H. Matheson Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C. R. Hudson.. ..Farm Demonstration Work T. F. Parker __ Assistant Boy's Corn Club Work R. W. Scott, Jr., Superintendent Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Superintendent Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jeffries, Superintendent Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. CoLLETT, Superintendent Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. •Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agricultiire. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Raleigh, N. C, May 8, 1912. Sir: — I herewith submit a manuscript on Hints on the Selection of Corn for Seed and for Exhibition, prepared by Mr. James M. Gray, Assistant Director State Farmers' Institutes. I recommend same for publication in bulletin form. Respectfully, T. B. Parker, Director Farmers' Institutes. To Hon. Wm. A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture. I TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 6 Seed Selection : Field selection 7 Selection of ears 10 Score card 9 Uniformity of exhibit 9 Maturity and market condition 11 Trueness to type 11 Shape of ear 13 Purity as shown by color of cob 13 Purity as shown by color of kernels 15 Butts of the ears 15 Tips of ears IC Space between the rows 17 Per cent of shelled corn to ear 20 Shape of kernels 20 Length and circumference of the ear 23 Official score card 23 Oermination test 24 ILLUSTRATIONS. ( ( good ) Fig. 1 Uniformity of exhibit -^ ^^^^^ -pj^_ 2 Shape of ears Fig. 3 Butts Fig. 4 Tips Fig. 5 Space between rows Fig. 6 Per cent of shelled corn to ear Fig. 7 ,, . ( (a) Shape Fig. 8 Grains .w ' *- o ( b ) Uniformity Fig. 9 HINTS ON THE SELECTION OF CORN FOR SEED AND FOR EXHIBITION North Carolina has, for a great many years, been depending on other States to produce a large portion of her supply of com and other food products — States that are not as well adapted in respect to both soil and climatic conditions for the production of corn, as she is. This is not as it should be. Every good farmer knows, whether he practices it or not, that to be an independent man he must produce a home supply of farm products as well as a market supply. The same truth holds good to llTorth Carolina as a State; and that she can be independent of outside sources for her supply of com has been amply demonstrated during the past few years. Take last year's record alone, which year every one will admit was an unfavorable crop year : the boys of North Carolina demonstrated what could be done in the way of growing com by com- bining intelligence and labor. With 264 boys, representing sixty-five counties, making 17,870.16 bushels, or an average of 67.69 bushels per acre, and that at a cost of less than thirty cents per bushel, no man can say that North Carolina can not grow her own supply of corn. But before the farmers of this State as a whole can expect to even half way approach this record of their young sons they must be willing, in grow- ing their crops, to combine the same intelligence and labor as their sons are doing. It is not mere chance that gives these boys their high yields, but a close application of the best methods of corn growing. It was with this idea in view — namely, the combination of greater intelligence and better directed labor — that the North Carolina Depart- ment of Agi-iculture inaugurated the Farmers' Institutes and later gave those in charge the authority to award prizes for the best exhibits of com at these institutes and also an appropriation for prizes for agricul- tural exhibits at the State Fair and local fairs. These appropriations were intended, not just for the gratification one man gets from winning over others, but to stimulate the interest in the production of better crops. While the progress made in the improvement of the crops has been gratifying, in some respects it has not measured up to the expecta- tions of those in charge of the work. Especially is this true of the corn exhibits at the Farmers' Institutes. Most of the exhibits, good as to commercial value, show a decided lack of care in breeding and selec- tion. That is, although the corn is good as far as feeding value is con- cerned, it is lacking in quality as a seed corn or for exhibition pur- poses. It is to help the farmer in his selection of seed com and also the selection of com for exhibition that this manuscript is prepared. The possibilities of improvement of com by judicious selection are very great. Ever since man has been tilling the soil, he has changed the characters of plants by .consciously or unconsciously making selections. The improvement of any plant is considered by most farmers a very difiicult operation and one to be undertaken only by those who are The Bulletin. 7 especially qualified, by natural ability and special training, to such work. Yet it does not require any technical knowledge on the part of the farmer to improve corn, for the methods of selection are very simple. If the farmer will follow a few simple directions and use the knowledge that he gets first hand from his growing plants, he can be independent of the seed man and will himself be winning the prizes he now sees going to men who are using in their work only the same knowledge that is at his disposal. The corn plant readily adapts itself to its surroundings. When adapt- ing itself to the soil and climatic changes it will necessarily undergo physical changes. This is the reason we have so many varieties of corn. For this reason I would not advise farmers in general to enter into the breeding of corn, because it takes several years to develop and fix a type and then, when the conditions of growth are changed it is very- likely to fail to come up to the standard fixed by the breeder and the result will be that the farmers growing it will lose faith in improved seed corn. I do advise every farmer who is growing corn to plant some standard variety which he knows has been tested and gives the most profitable yields in his locality, and from this to select, each year, seed that comes nearest to his ideal. It is necessary to make this selection each year because if it is not done the corn will soon revert to the orig- inal type and lose those qualities which the farmer has been striving to get. Remember, in all of your selection, that it is not one individual qual- ity that makes a variety desirable, but a combination of all the parts. Instead of looking for an ideal ear only, look for an ideal stalk made up of an ideal stem, of ideal foliage, and of an ideal root system, bearing an ideal ear or ears covered by ideal husks, and supported by an ideal shank. Possibly this will be hard to find; but you can find something which approaches it and from this, with your ideal in view, you can select continuously until you have a plant very nearly approaching that ideal. Probably you think this will not pay. The Com Club boys think it will pay and are proving it by growing three and four times as much corn per acre as their fathers. SEED SELECTION Since this is the most important of the two subjects, the selection of com for seed and for exhibition, and since the rules that apply to one apply equally as well to the other, I will go somewhat more fully into the selection for seed rather than into the selection for exhibition. THE SELECTION IN THE FIELD. In all farm crops it is of great importance that the farmer should have good seed. This truth holds good with com: first, because it is very important that one have a perfect stand from the first planting in order that all the com may mature at the same time and the loss from self pollination may be eliminated to a large extent; second, because it 8 The Bulletin. is very important to have seed of strong germinating powers in order that the corn may start off vigorously, which will help to insure a stand; third, because it is necessary to have a seed that will insure you of getting com that is true to type. By selecting your own seed you are getting a variety adapted to your own soil and climatic conditions. These qualities can be obtained only by careful and systematic selection. This selection must begin while the corn is still in the field and the stalk is still green. To be at all certain as to the character of corn a kernel is going to grow, you must know from what manner of plant that kernel came. You must take into consideration the whole plant — the stalk, the blades, the shank of the ear, the ear itself, the position of the ear on the stalk, and the angle at which the ear hangs from the stalk. Before you succeed in corn selection you must have an ideal. Choose the variety of corn you wish to gi'ow, then select an ideal for this variety; and maintain this ideal throughout your selection of seed. Suppose, before you go into the field to make the selection that you fix in your mind the qualities which you wish to find in the plants from which you make your selection. You want a plant that shows adapta- bility. That is, a plant that shows by its growth that it is well adapted to the average soil conditions and that it does not mature too early or too late. You want a plant that shows vigor. That is, a plant that shows, by its sturdy upright growth, its well developed leaves and ears, and its freedom from disease, plenty of strength and vigor. Also, you want a plant to be of a proper height, say nine feet ; you want a plant to have ears conform as nearly as possible to the ideal in weight, length, circumference, and position on the stalk. Avoid all extremes in either direction, both in the height of the plant and the position of the ears. You want all the plants and ears to resemble each other as much as possible in the manner of growth, i. e., adaptability, vigor, height of plant, and height and angle and weight of ears; and you want these plants to conform to the variety type. With this ideal before you, you can start out to select your seed. Go through the field, row by row, marking those stalks which come nearest your ideal, remembering that if a desirable plant is anywhere near a barren stalk or one of decidedly undesirable qualities to leave that plant unmarked, because it is in unde- sirable company and has become contaminated. Then, returning, select from these plants enough to give three times as much seed as you expect to use. It will be well to take the very best plant and save the seed from it to plant in a separate seed patch the next year, and for all future crops to make the field selection from a seed patch. Then, after making this selection and marking the plants so that they can be easily located, leave them undisturbed until gathering time. Do not strip the fodder or cut them for shocking as you do the remainder of the crop, but leave them to fully mature before they are harvested. Store these ears in a dry place where they will be kept at a fairly even temperature the whole winter. In this selection remember that you want ears from plants that are adapted to the average conditions and not from plants from very rich or very poor spots. The Bulletin. D selection of ears. What is to follow will deal more with corn for exhibition purposes, but should not be omitted in the selection of seed. For exhibition purposes a sample of ten ears is usually recommended because of the ease with which it can be handled by the judges. Id selecting the best ten ears from the corn that has been selected in the field, lay the whole lot of corn, after it has been husked, on a long plat- form made of boards or else in rows on the bare floor. Take the very best ear you can find or the photograph of an ideal ear and compare every ear in the lot with this ideal ; eliminate those ears which fail in the most essential points, go over the corn again and again, eliminating each time those ears that fail in the most essential points until you have selected down to the last ten ears. This should give you the very best to be obtained in your field. Then take these ears and wrap them carefully in paper and store away in a dry, moderately warm place until time to exhibit. This careful handling is necessary because it is essential to have every kernel intact and the ears in good condition, as the judge will score the missing kernels as though they were inferior. In order to have a uniform standard in judging so that each contest- ant will have an equal showing, the following score card has been adopted as a standard for North Carolina: Uniformity of exhibit 10 points. Maturity and market condition 15 points. Trueness to type 5 points. Shape of ear 5 points. Purity as shown by color of cob 5 points. Purity as shown by color of kernels 5 points. Butts 5 points. 'Pipg 5 points. Space between rows •. 5 points. Per cent of shelled corn to ear 20 points. Grain: (a) Shape 5 points. (b) Uniformity 5 points. Circumference of ears 5 points. Length of ears 5 points. Total 100 points. In the following pages I will try to explain by illustration and de- scription what is meant by each point in this score card. UNIFORMITY OF THE EXHIBIT. To put into words just what is meant by uniformity of a sample of corn is very difficult. To a com judge, uniformity of an exhibit is best manifested by a similarity of expression, much as we recognize the family resemblance of our friends, although at a loss to point out just where the resemblance lies. A thorough knowledge of how to score an exhibit on this point comes only from experience and not from any set rule. But to help the beginner, the following points may be of serv- ice in getting fixed in the mind some of the important features. A uni- form exhibit must be imiform in size, shape, color, indentation, breed characteristics, course of rows, spacing of rows, placement of kernels. 10 The Bulletin. m a. a: o O ■n o o O The Bulletin. 11 etc. Each ear must so blend with every other ear as to make the entire exhibit appear as a uniform whole. The ears must be as nearly as pos- sible alike in length, circumference, and shape, whether cylindrical or tapering. All ears must be made up of straight, uniformly spaced rows, containing kernels of uniform indentation and shape and the same shading of color. All kernels must be placed regularly in the rows. The rows must extend in a straight line from extreme butt to extreme tip without any irregular kernels between them or any kernels of irregular size or shape between the kernels of good character. Of course the kernels at the extreme butt and tip will differ in shape to some extent from those in the center of the ear, but the change should be very gradual and not so very pronounced even then. Figures 1 and 2 show what is meant by uniformity of the exhibit. The ears in Fig. 1 show uniformity in length, circumference, arrange- ment of kernels and rows, indentation, etc. Fig. 2 shows a decided lack in these points. MATURITY AND MARKET CONDITION. By this term is meant soundness, ripeness, freedom from disease and injury, and brightness of color: that is, the condition of the ear best suited for marketing. "We usually test this by the degree of looseness of the kernels on the cob. In drying out the kernels shrink, leaving them more or less loose on the cob. If the com is mature this shrinkage will allow the kernels to retain approximately the same plumpness they pre- sented when gathered; but if immature, they will present a chaffy appearance and be loosely attached to the cob. If the ear is mature at harvest time it will usually remain sound, but if immature it will often show a large per cent of the kernels discolored and the tip of the ear containing a very large per cent of diseased kernels. Even when the kernels do not show this discoloration they will often show a black heart when broken off from the cob. The cob of an immature ear is usually "punkey" and shows signs of fungus disease. Then again some ears have become injured by the ear worms and other troubles and the tips, especially, will be found to be covered with partially decayed and decaying kernels. In examining ears for market condition and maturity, a simple method is to take the ear in both hands and give it a sharp twist. If the ear remains firm and solid and is free from immature and decayed kernels, and the weight is good, and the cob, as it appears at the butt, is sound it should score high on this point. TRUENESS TO TYPE. This is another term which is hard to define clearly. It is recognized more by an intuition of the man than by any well defined characteristics of the corn. One can easily tell the difference in type between Cocke Prolific and the old fashioned Gourd Seed; but to tell which ears in either variety best show the type characteristics of that variety is more a matter of instinct on the part of the man than a matter of rules. "With corn that does not belong to a clearly defined variety — and most of the 12 The Bulletin. The Bulletin. 13 com grown in the State does not — the best way to arrange it for scoring on this point is to have the exhibit conform as nearly as possible to the type represented by the majority of the ears in the exhibit. This is very necessary, especially in the selection of seed, because in the selec- tion for seed it is necessary to have a certain type to select towards in order that we may the sooner reach our ideal. SHAPE OF EAR. The shape of the ear must be true to variety. For instance, the Boone County White is cylindrical and the Reid's Yellow Dent is slightly tapering. Every variety will have individual peculiarities in shape. In general, though, ears should be cylindrical, having approximately the same circumference from the butt to the tip. If this shape is main- tained the kernels will be more unifonn in shape and the ear will yield a larger per cent of shelled corn than the tapering ear. The usual cause of tapering ears is the dropping of some of the rows about one-third of the way from the butt to the tip. These dropped rows cause irregular kernels, a small production of corn to cob, and a badly shaped ear. The roAvs of kernels should be parallel with the cob and extending from the extreme butt to the extreme tip. If the rows turn to the right or to the left, or are otherwise irregular it mars the appearance of the ear; and for either seed or ''show ring" purposes it is important that the corn appear well and that it yield a large per cent of shelled corn. The uni- formity of the exhibit depends to a considerable extent on the uniform- ity of the shape of the ears making up the exhibit. Again the farmer will find himself handicapped for the first few years in his selection because of the variety type. Very few farmers are planting a well established variety and for this reason they can not have any certain shape to select towards. In this case he should take his ideal ear and select those ears which, other points considered, comes nearest to his ideal. The tip of the ear should be full and well rounded, showing kernels at the very end which resemble the average kernels of the ear in shape and size. The butt should be well filled out with kernels that resemble the general shape and size of those in the center of the ear. It should also have the same circumference as the rest of the ear and not be enlarged, as we so often find it. By studying Fig. 3 you can get the meaning of good and poor shape. PUKITY AS SHOWN BY THE COLOR OF THE COB. This, to the average farmer, is a matter of minor importance. Most farmers select an ear without any thought as to the color of the cob, and if they do consider the cob they will often select a white ear with a red cob ; especially is this true of those who grow the large single-ear corn. With a man who has studied breeding and selecting corn, the color of the cob will be one of the first details he will notice, because by this he can pretty nearly tell whether it is a pure variety or not. By all breed- ers, every white variety of com with red cobs is considered an impure or mixed variety of corn or a corn that is made up of several varieties. The yellow varieties, if pure, will have a red cob, and an occurrence of 14 The Bulletin. white cobs in yellow corn is a sure indication of a mixture of com. From this it will be seen that all white varieties should have white cobs and all yellow varieties should have red cobs. It is imperative that the fanner remember this, for if a judge finds an exhibit of white corn with red cobs, or worse still red and white cobs, he will throw that exhibit out of the contest without further examination. Of course, if the farmer's corn has been so bred for the past years that red cobs in a white variety predominate, he will be justified in making his selection with all of the ears with red colj^. Ph.)to by H. H Briniley. Fig. 3. Good and Poor Shape. One on the Left Too Tapering. I know that a great many farmers are growing corn in which the red cob predominates and that they are getting corn of excellent quality ; but if they ever expect to put their corn in the "show ring" or sell it as pure seed they must get another variety or breed out the red cob. They can do this by selecting for seed those ears which have white cobs ; but a better plan would be to get a white cobbed variety that is known to do well in their localities and to breed into it, by selection, those qualities that they most admire. The Bulletin. 15 purity as shown by the color of the ear. 'No place will the mixing of two varieties of com show quicker than in the kernel. Especially is this true of their coloring; and for this reason any lack of uniformity in the coloring of the corn is enough to justify the judge in throwing the exhibit out of the contest, or, if selecting for seed, to justify the farmer in discarding it. If any ear is off in coloring it is pretty surely off in uniformity, trueness to type, and other points as well. Therefore, in selecting for exhibition or for seed, <;are should be taken to see that every kernel in every ear is of the color true to that particular type or variety. For instance, if it is a yellow variety see that every kernel is yellow and that none of them show any indication of being mixed with white. If it is a white variety vice versa. There are a few varieties of com that are legitimately mixed in <;olor, but these occur more in sweet corn and only one or two varieties of field com ; but wherever they occur they are not the types of corn the average farmer wants to grow. We are all familiar with the "speckled €ar" and the "red ear" of "com shucking" fame, but they are fast losing their popularity because those who prized them most are being drawn away from the corn crib and its unpurchasable pleasure by the glamour of the city and its money-bought pleasures. These variously colored ■ears, while they had a place in the social life of the farm, were excusable, but since they have been relegated to the past by the young people, the farmers should shun them doubly as much. Eemember this in your selection : that the ear or collection of ears that has any kemels showing the least trace of coloring which is not true to type is regarded with disfavor by the best com judges and by those who pride themselves on growing the best com, and that there is no characteristic which shows the effects of cross breeding quicker than the color of the ears. BUTTS OF THE EARS. In selecting an ideal butt there are several important points to be considered. The rows of kemels should extend in regular order over the butt and around the shank of the ear. The kemels should resemble very closely in size, shape, and indentation, the kernels in the center of the ear. Of course, the extreme outside circle of kernels will be some- what rounded by the pressure of the husks, but this should not be too pronounced. The per cent of shelled com that an ear will yield depends largely on the amount of cob left exposed; so you can readily see the importance of having the cob fully and evenly filled out at the butt. When the shank is broken off, the butt should present a decided depres- sion. If the kemels are not well filled out about the shank it is usually developed very large and strong. This seriously interferes with harvest- ing as it is diificult to break off the shank. You want a shank that is strong enough to support the ear in a curved position, one that is strongly enough attached to the ear to prevent its being broken off by the wind, but not so large as to hold the ear in an upright position. When the ear is held on a curved shank so that the tip is below the butt 16 The Bulletin. the husks will form a shelter over the ear and prevent the rain from getting around it, but if the ear is supported by a strong shank which holds it with the tip above the butt, the husks form a cup and hold the water around the ear and cause injury. A large exposed butt is a sure indication that the cob is too large for the depth of kernel ; and where Fig. 4. Good and Bad Butts. Upper Butt the Best. Pli..tii by H. H. Brimley a large butt and a large cob occur there is usually too much strength put in the growing of these and not enough into the production of gram. Figure 4 illustrates some of the differences between a good and a bad butt. TIPS OF EARS. A good tip is one that is filled out with regular, uniform, fully developed kernels. The cob should not project beyond the kernels because if it does it shows that the kernels were not properly developed. The tip silks mature last and if they are too late in maturing the pollen will The Bulletin. 17 have gone by the time they are ready to be pollenated, and this will result in uneven and poorly developed kernels. This is one indication of the lack of adaptability of that variety of com. Often the tip kernels are irregular in size, shape, indentation, and general appearance due to irregular development, some of the kernels having been fertilized much later than others. This is objectionable. When the tip is not fully filled out those kernels which are fertilized try to occupy the space and in this attempt lose their shape and size. The parallel rows should extend well over the tip, and contain a full number of kernels showing the standard size, shape, indentation, and shading of color. Fig. 5. Good and Bad Tips. Varieties of corn producing long ears oftener have bad tips than those producing shorter ears. It is the consensus of the best corn growers that a variety producing fully developed tips will give a larger yield than a variety which has a considerable portion of the cob exposed.. Therefore let us look for ears that have tips well covered with uniform,, fully developed kernels, bearing the same indentation and presenting the same proportions as the kernels in the center of the ear. Figure 5 gives a good example of a poor and a good tip. SPACE BETWEEN KOWS. In speaking of space between rows, we find that there are two kinds of space — the space or furrow at the crown of the kernels and the space 18 The Bulletin. at the tips of the kernels. The space at the top is usually greater in those varieties growing broad, shallow kernels or the smooth types of In seleetina: in regard to this point the following score might be corn. Fig. 6. Good and Bad Spacing^of Rows. Ear on right shows good spacing while the other two are off. of help : (For space less than 1/32 of an inch, no cut; for space between 1/32 and 1/16 inch, cut 1/4 point; for space over 1/16 inch cut 1/2 point, for each ear.) This wider space between the rows is a reversion to The Bulletin. 19 20 The Bulletin. the unimproved type of corn. It is usually accompanied by a com- paratively small number of rows to the ear, and consequently a small production of corn to the ear. A wide space between the tips of the kernels at the cob is an indication of poorly shaped kernels, usually low in vitality and lacking in the most important elements of composition. This spacing is hard to estimate without shelling a portion of several rows and examining the kernels as they are attached to the cob, but it is possible to get an idea as to the spacing by examining the general shape of the keniels. Ears decidedly off in spacing of rows should never be selected for seed or show purposes. In Fig. 6 the ear on the right has good spacing of kernels while the other two are too wide between the rows and the ear on the left has the further objection of having the rows twisting. PER CENT OF SHELLED CORN TO THE EAR. By noticing the score card you will see that this point is given the highest score of any point. This is because the yield of corn is the all- important consideration. The other points, when considered, will help you to obtain a high yield, but the yield still holds the highest place. The only way to judge this accurately is to weigh the ear before shelling and then to weigh the grain and cob separately, and from these figures to compute the per cent of grain. But this is not practical to one who is going to exhibit his corn. It can be estimated pretty closely by taking into account the shape and depth of the kernels, the filling out of the butt and the tip, and the size of the cob, and degree of maturity. In other words, by summing up all the other points you can estimate as to how near it comes to a perfect ear and in this way get at the per cent of shelled corn. A perfect ear should shell out 86 per cent. All the above points have been touched on more or less fully except the size of the cob. The cob should be large enough to give ample room for the usual number of rows, 16 to 20, differing with the variety ; but not so large that it will take in its growth the strength that should go into the production of grain. And again, the cob should not be so small that it looks out of proportion with the depth of the kernel and can not properly support the kernels. An over large cob is usually porous and soft and readily absorbs moisture, thereby affording an ideal place for disease and injury to the keeping qualities of the corn. SHAPE OF THE KERNELS. The kernels vary in shape with the different varieties of corn. In general, the kernels should be wedge shape, because this shape permits the greatest possible gro\\nh of corn to the cob. In order for the rows of kernels to fit snugly together from the croum to the tip it is necessary to have them wedge shaped and straight edged. If this does not occur, the middle of the kernel will touch and the furrow or space at the crown and the space at the tip will be too large. A little space lost in one ear does not amount to very much, yet when there is a loss in every ear in an acre it will amount to a considerable amount. While the kernels, in width should be wedge shaped, the thickness at the crown and tip should The Bulletin. 21 he the same. In Figure 8 the kernel on the left shows a good wedge shape, the kernel at the middle top shows good thickness at crown and tip, the portion of kernel at the middle bottom shows a good germ, this could not be if the kernel narrowed at the tip ; the kernel on the right shows the outward appearance of a good germ. It has been shown that there is a relation between the shape of kernels and the composition. A kernel having a thin narrow tip is usually low in per cent of oil and protein and high in per cent of starch, the larger portion being horny starch. Also, such kernels are usually low in vital- ity. The germ is so small that it can not produce a vigorous growth. With the different breeds or varieties of corn the shape of the kernel is ^p*- ^ ^^^^ ~ ^^^^HPII^wF ^^^^^1 mugmm I^^^^^Vi*^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^DHh^^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I ^^^^^H ■ ^^^^^^^^^m t Fig. 8. Kernels showing good shape, thickness, and germ. bound to vary. However, you should remember that kernels must be so shaped that every kernel will fit snugly and evenly against its neigh- bor without any loss of space at the crown or tip ; and that this is most easily obtained with a moderately wedge shaped kernel with straight sides and an even thickness. Also, remember that to get the highest yields this shape should continue over the entire ear. Figure 9 shows a contrast of good shapes and poor shapes. Kernels in rows 1 and 2 are good shapes, especially the first two divisions of row 2. Rows 3 and 4 show undesirable shapes, those of row 3 being too curved in formation 22 The Bulletin. causing wide spaces between the rows. Those of row 4 are too pointed, showing lack of maturity and weak germs, i^otice the difference in thickness of the kernels that have the edges turned out. LENGTH AND CIRCrMFERENCE OF THE EAR. The proper length for an ear has never been decided. It varies so much with the different varieties that no standard can be set to judge the average ear. For the largest yield it seems that an ear from eight to ten inches long gives the best results. Of course the personal ideal of grower and the variety he is growing will govern this. The one im- portant thing for the man who is selecting an exhibit is to have every ear of the same length and if he knows the length for the variety he has, to select accordins: to that. Bitftllif it SI I III lilt r Sdlff liiii mi Iff fill I I Iff? If iff lUff 9 f I f • • Courtesy rif Marylanil Exijeiiment Stati Fig. 9. Rows 1 and 2 show desirablo kernels. Rows 3 and 4 show undesirable kernels. The circumference can be more easily established than the length. The rule is for the circumference to equal three fourths of the length of the ear when the measurement for circumference is taken one fourth of the distance from the butt to the tip. For instance, if the ear is ten inches long the circumference taken tAvo and one-half inches from the butt should be seven and one-half inches. If you are growing a stand- ard variety you should know the length and circumference set for this variety and select to this. The length and circumference of every ear in the exhibit should be as nearly as possible the same. One ear off in either or both of these points will mar the exhibit very much and lower the scoring. Study Figures 1 and 2 for the effect of good and pom- length and circumference. Notice how much just the irregularity in lengths mars the appearance of the exhibit in Figure 2, The Bulletin. 23 o o ■ft 03 02 Q < H o u •z o o < o o H H •i o ■73 C c c a ,4 X o o >> s o 'a ft OS C 3 J3 O +i >j 3 m ft J3 a ft m a C o a: K plf 24 The Bulletin. THE GEKMIlSrATION TEST. All that has been said before this has been concerning the characteris- tics of corn that can be discerned by the eye. And, if what has been said helps any one in his selection of corn for seed and exhibition, I will have obtained my object in writing Avhat I have. There is one other form of selection, and it is, for those selecting for seed only, the most important. This is the germination test or selec- tion. By this test every farmer is able to tell very accurately the value of his com as a seed corn. If it is a com of good vigorous germinating powers, a corn that is able to start off a plant with vigor and to impart to it those qualities most desired, this test will tell him. If his corn is low in vitality, and lacking in those qualities he most desires in it, this test will tell him. As to the ease of making this test: it is the easiest selection and requires less training than any of the others ; because it is merely a mechanical operation. Simply stated, it is the sprouting of a few representative kernels from each ear of the corn he has selected for seed and from these, as a basis, calculating the per cent that will give good, strong growth. The best method for the farmer to follow is to take a box, say 3 feet by 2 feet by 4 inches, fill it up within one inch of the top with sawdust, sand, or even loose dirt, and mark this off into squares two inches each way; then number the ears and the squares and put six kernels from different parts of each ear in the square corresponding in number to the ear. After placing the kemels in the box he should cover with a square of blotting paper or a piece of cloth with a little dirt over it, and keep it moist and in a moderately warn room for a few days. At the end of six or seven days he should take the covering off from the top and examine each square to see what per cent of the kernels have germi- nated. If any show" a weak germination he should discard the ear cor- responding in number to the square. This is a very simple method of testing the powers of the corn expected to be used for seed and should be practiced by every farmer, for by so doing he is going to increase his corn crop by several bushels per acre ; because it will greatly insure his stand and will give a larger per cent of stalks that will produce good yields. This test should be made early in the spring before the rush of spring work comes on, but not until all danger from freezes is over. If a germ is frozen it greatly weakens it, even though it is not killed. Farmers' Bulletin No. 229 can be obtained free of cost from the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, and will help every farmer very much in making this test. THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICDLTDRE RALEIGH Vol. 33, No. 6. JUNE, 1912. Whole No. 168. ^ ^W NEW YOiv,<< BOTANICAL PARTI. THE SAN JOSE SCALE (p. 5-22). QAkDt.x. PART 2. ORCHARD SPRAYING (p. 23-43). PART 3. ORCHARD PROTECTION (p. 44-50). PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter, February 7, 1901, under act of June 6, 1900. i STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter Fairfield.- First District. K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District. R. L. Woodward _. Pamlico Third District. I. H. Kearney Franklinton _._ Fourth District. R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth Di.strict. J. P. McRae Laurinburg Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale..- Eighth Di)trict. W. J. Shuford..- Hickory Ninth District. A. Cannon — Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. W. A. GRAHAM _ _ ..Commissioner. ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. PESCUD ..._ Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn Bulletin Clerk. B. W. KILGORE _ State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. PicKEL Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNidf.r. Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley Assistant Chemist. E. L. WoRTHEN ,.-Soil Investigations. •W. E. Hearn Soil Survey. W. H. Stbowd Assistant Chemist. J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist. E. W. Thornton Assistant Chemist. J. K. Plummer ..Soil Chemist. S. O. Perkins Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch Clerk. F. S. Pdckett _ Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum. T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist. C. L. Metcalf : Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN .Veterinarian. B. B. Flowe ...Second Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. EATON _ .Dairyman. R. W. Grabber.. Assistant Dairyman. A. M. Flanery Assistant Dairyman. W. N. HUTT.. Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist. O. M. Clark... Second Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray Assistant Director of Farmers' Institutes. W. M. ALLEN ...Pure Food Chemist. W. A. Smith • Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Beli -Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN . Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS Agronomist. G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist. tE. G. MOSS Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tE. H. Matheson Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work. T. F. Parker Assistant Boy's Corn Club Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jeffries, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, WUlard, N. C. R. W. Collett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. 'Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United Stat«s Department of Agriculture. Ealeigh, N. C, May 6, 1912. Maj. W. A-. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture. Sir : — I submit herewith manuscript for a bulletin on San Jose Scale, Orchard Spraying, etc., which is designed to bring into one publication a discussion of all the points on these subjects that most frequently arise in our correspondence. Recent discoveries and changes in spraying practice call for a new bulletin on this subject which shall replace several which we have issued heretofore. I recommend that this be issued as the regular monthly bulletin for June, 1912. Respectfully, Franklin Sherman, Jr., Entomologist. CONTENTS Part 1. The San Jose Scale (Pages 5-22). page Introduction 5 Appearance of Insect, etc 5-8 Life History, etc 8-9 How it Spreads 9-10 Plants Infested 10-11 Abundance and Distribution in North Carolina 11-13 Natural Enemies 13-14 History — Where It Came From, etc 14-15 Remedies for San Jose Scale 15-18 When to Give the Treatments 18 Preparing Trees for Treatment, etc 19-21 Policy in Regard to San Jose Scale 21 Part 2. Orchard Spraying (Pages 23-43). Introduction 23 Spraying and Bees ■ 24 Spraying for Apples 24-27 As to Spraying Pears 27 Spraying Pe'aches and Plums 27-28 How to Prepare Spraying Mixtures 29-33 Spraying Chemicals 34 Commercial Manufacturers and Dealers in Chemicals 34-35 Spray Pumps and Appliances 35-36 Manufacturers and Dealers in Spray Pumps 36 Spraying Demonstrations — Proof of Value of Spraying 36-38 Reports of Growers on Results of Spraying 38-42 Part 3. Orchard Protection (Pages 44-50). Orchard Inspections 44 Table Showing Inspections 1907 to 1912 45-46 Suggestions to Purchasers of Nursery Stock 47-50 List of Larger Fruit Growers of the State 51-57 Notice — Regarding Work and Publications of Division of En- tomology 58 PAKT I. THE SAN JOSE SCALE. (Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comstock.) Introduction. — The San Jose Scale (pronounced San Ho-zay) is widely distributed in North Carolina and does great harm to orchard trees which become infested, unless they be thoroughly and jjersistently treated. In order to combat it to the best advantage some knowledge of its life-history, habits, means of spread, etc., is necessary. If any one, after reading this Bulletin and carefully examining his trees, becomes convinced that they are infested, he should cut some of the infested twigs and mail them to this office for examination. Appearance of the Insect.— Trees that are badly infested with the San Jose Scale appear as if they had been dusted over with ashes. If the branches and twigs where the insects are numerous be scraped with a knife it will be seen that this unnatural covering is quite easily removed, coming off in little flaky patches. Examined under a hand magnifying-glass the thickly infested twigs present an appearance as shown at h in Figure 1. Each of the little circular gray objects is a separate scale, each covering a tiny yellow insect underneath. On thickly infested branches they often become so crowded that the scales are piled over one another so that the real bark of the tree is not visible at all. Branches and twigs which are only slightly or moderately infested will not be thus completely covered over, and the bark may be of its ordinary color and appearance except here and there along the branches where the scattering scales are found. The largest full-grown scales are about the size of an average pinhead. They can, therefore, be detected by any person who has in the beginning an intelligent idea of the insect, has sharp eyes, and who happens to look in the right place. Usually the farmer or fruitgrower does not know that there is any serious trouble until the trees begin to die. By that time they are cov- ered by the scales and present the ashy appearance. Then, if the owner finds that his trouble is San Jose Scale, he is apt to think that it is only on those trees that present the unnatural appearance, when in reality it may already be on every tree in the orchard. Such a mistake often costs the lives of many trees, since the owner, instead of examining closely and treating every infested tree, as he should do, simply takes out those which are already in dying condition, and then, because he sees no more of similar appearance, he imagines he has exterminated it, when as a matter of fact other trees moderately or slightly infested still stand in the orchard and soon begin to die, having in the meantime spread the insect into still other trees, and so on, until the whole orchard may be ruined. Where the scales are not numerous enough to crowd one another each individual grows to somewhat larger size than when they are crowded. 6 The Bulletin. Where the scales are scattering along the branches each scale is often fbut not always) in the center of a slightly reddened spot on the bark. If the natural color of the bark be reddish this spot will not show plainly, but if the bark be of a light green or yellow, the reddish spots are quite conspicuous. In looking for scale on slightly infested trees it may usually he more readily found hy looking for these reddish spots than by looking for the scale itself, hut close watch must he kept for both scales and blotches. If such a spot be found, however, it must then be Fig. L— the SAN JOSE SCALE. a. Appearance of infested twig, natural size. b. Part of infested twig, as seen under a lens. (After Howard and Marlett, U. S. Department of Agriculture). examined to see if it is caused by a true scale-insect, for there are certain unimportant diseases which may have a similar effect. If the little gray, circular scale is found in the center of the spot, and if the scale is readily moved by scraping gently with a knife blade or with the finger nail, then you may be pretty sure that it is San Jose Scale, and should at once send specimens to the Entomologist and find out. Turn one of the scales over gently with the point of a knife. If it is one of the large, full-growTi scales the insect may as likely be dead as alive under it, for the scale often adheres long after the insect is dead. If the insect is alive it will be seen as a little, yellow object — slightly egg The Bulletin. 7 shaped, but more pointed at one end, and slightly flattened. Indeed, it has been well described as resembling a tiny bit of cheese or yelloAV butter. Press the body with the point of the knife or pin and it is easily crushed, yielding a tiny bit of yellowish, oily liquid. If, on the other hand, the insect is dead, the dried body will likely be found simply as a thin yellowish-brown particle under the scale. If you simpty rub the flat of the knife blade along a thickly infested branch the insects will be crushed in such numbers that the oil from their bodies becomes quite conspicuous, though of course not enough to run down the limb. Where to Find it on the Tree.— The insect feeds by inserting its tiny beak into the bark and sucking out the sap. The young insects are so very small and delicate that they can not settle well on old tough bark, and on the other hand the very newest growth is so young that there are not likely to be many full-grown scales upon it, so that it is usually on the wood of last year and the year before that the scales are most readily found, and in examining a tree for this insect we should exam- ine especially wood of that age. Thus in inspecting nursery stock we would look on the trunk and on the larger branches, while in orchards we look on the two-year wood near the ends of the branches. Of course it may be found also on either the newer or older wood, but it is more often found on the one and two-year growths. The young insects in their search for a place where they can insert their tiny, delicate beaks, often settle on the fruit. If the fruit is green, whitish or yellow in color the infestation may be quite readily detected by the reddish blotches (Fig. 2) ; but if the fruit be red, these will not show so plainly. Remember, however, that there may be reddish blotches or pimples on the fruits which are not caused by the San Jose Scale, and you should examine them closely to make sure. The insects also show a decided tendency to settle close by, or under the buds, and at the rings which mark the end of a year's growth. In inspecting trees special attention should be given to these portions. Male and Female Scales are Different.— in Figure i, note in the enlarged picture that in the extreme lower right hand corner there is a scale which is oblong in shape rather than rounded. Two other similar scales are seen near the left border of the figure, about an inch from the top. These are male scales, and may be at once distinguished from the feniale scales, which are nearly circular. The very large circular scales are of the full-grown female insects, and these, at largest, are about the size of a pin head, so you can see by comparison that the partly grown scales are quite small. Females are usually much more abundant than the males. Young Insects and Young Scales.-N'ow look at Figure i again. On the right hand border, about an inch from the top, notice an insect which has legs. This is a young scale insect which has a few hours liberty after birth before it begins to feed. At this stage it can crawl about. Several are to be seen in the figure, especially near the top. These young insects when in this active crawling stage are so extremely small as to be barely visible with the unaided eye, and are yellow in 8 The Bulletin. color. After the young insect has crawled about for an hour or so it becomes hungry and inserts its slender, delicate beak into the tender bark and begins to suck the sap. Then the scale begins to form over its body. At first it is oblong, of the same shape as the body of the young insect and whitish, as shown in the center of the figure, at the top. Then the scale becomes more rounded, and as it grows it becomes darker, until it is dark gray or almost black. Once the scale begins to form over the body the insect remains attached to the bark at that spot. Fig. 2.— the SAN JOSE SCALE. Infested twig to right; immature scales in center; full grown female scale above; infested pear fruit to left, showing reddish blotches. The Full-grown Insects. — The full-grown female insects always re- main under their circular scales and there give birth to their living young, for this species does not lay eggs as is the case with most insects. The males, on the other hand, finally develop into tiny two-winged fly-like insects, but in consequence of their sex they can not play much part in spreading the insect, as young can only be born where females are present, and these, as we have stated, remain attached to the twigs. The Life-history of the Insect.— Many points in the life-history have already been mentioned. The females begin to give birth to living young in the spring. In this the San Jose Scale is an exception to the The Bulletin. 9 rule among insects, which in most cases lay eggs. At Raleigh, breeding begins from March to May, depending on season. After crawling for a short time the young insects insert their beaks and begin to feed. Then the skin is shed and the scale begins to form over the body and the insect is thus confined at that spot. When the skin is shed, the legs, eyes and antenna (feelers) are shed oif with it, and thereafter the female insect is always eyeless, legless and wingless; simply has the organs for taking and digesting food and for reproduction. It takes the females from thirty to forty days to reach maturity and the males not quite so long. The male develops finally into a tiny, yellowish, two- winged flying insect. Strange to say, the mature male insect has no mouth for taking food, the position of that organ being occupied by an extra pair of eyes. This renders it more proficient in finding mates and thus aids in the multiplication of the species. In this State there are probably from five to eight generations in a season, and the number of progeny of a single fertile female, in the course of a season, if there were no fatal- ities, w^ould by actual calculation number among the billions. Remem- bering that many of the insects are destroyed by enemies as described later, we can still see that it is no wonder that a tree that becomes in- fested while young is almost sure to die unless thoroughly and persist- ently treated. The most active period of increase is during August and September. HibGrnation. — When really cold winter weather comes on the insects cease to breed. During the winter the adult insects nearly all die, so that it is mostly the partly grown insects that pass the winter. How- ever, in warm winters we have knowm the insects to breed even in mid- winter on warm days in the warmer sections of the State. How Does the Scale Spread?— We have seen that the insect can only crawl about for a few hours after birth, and that therefore it could only spread very slowly, and only during the breeding season, if it were entirely dependent upon its own powers. As a matter of fact, however, there are various outside agencies which aid them in spreading into new trees, new orchards and new localities. Chief among these outside agen- cies are: (1) Wind, (2) Birds, (3) Insects, (4) Commerce in nursery stock. These, with its own limited natural powers, constitute its prin-' cipal methods of spread. We will consider each of these separately, con- sidering first its natural powers. Natural Spread. — If one of the young insects should start out as soon as born and run as rapidly as it could until it became necessary for it to settle down and begin to feed, it could only travel a short distance, per- haps one or two rods. It is evident, therefore, that the vast majority of the young insects settle on the same tree on which they are born. If the trees are so set and pruned that the branches of separate trees do not interlock, it will be almost impossible for the young insects to get from one tree to another of their own accord, and this is an important point, for the spread of the scale in thickly set orchards may be very materi- ally lessened by keeping the branches so pruned that they shall not reach from one tree to another. But in spite of this the insects will usually spread to the other trees more or less rapidly by other means. 10 The Bulletin. Spread hy Wind. — N'otice that we have said that the young insects are very, very small ; therefore, if a wind blows through the orchard during the breeding season (from April to December) the young crawling in- sects are liable to be blown about from place to place like particles of dust. Indeed, in almost every case where a large orchard becomes in- fested it is to be noted that it spreads most rapidly in the direction of the prevailing winds. Of course it is mere chance whether the young insects which are thus blown from one tree will find lodgment on an- other, and these winds no doubt leave many thousands to die on the ground. But it is perfectly evident that many are spread from tree to tree by this means. Spread hy Birds. — If a bird alights in a scale-infested tree at any time during the breeding season some of the young insects may crawl upon its feet or feathers and be carried off into other trees, there to crawl off again. There can be no doubt that they are often established on new trees in this way. We have frequently found in our inspections that the portion of a tree close around an old bird's nest may be thickly infested, while other parts may be slightly infested or almost entirely free from the insect. In towns and villages we have found similar evidence, the lower branches, next to the street or walk, being most frequently in- fested, thus indicating that the English Sparrow plays an important part in its spread in such places. Spread by Insects. — Insects play a part in the spread of this pest similar to that of the birds. Especially during the blossoming season, many insects are busy going from tree to tree and are thus liable to spread the young scale insects. Spread hy Commerce in Nursery Stock. — All the means thus far con- sidered contribute to the spread of the San Jose Scale to a limited ex- tent— not more than a few miles at most. But by the shipment of in- fested trees from place to place the scale may be spread over great distances. If a nursery in California or Oregon were infested and trees were ordered by a grower in J^orth Carolina they would be dug and shipped, with scales attached, and the infestation would begin where the trees were planted. We have seen that the insects have a tendency to settle near the buds. Now if a nurseryman desires to propagate a variety, it is done by cut- ting the buds and placing them in a young tree. If the tree from which the buds are taken be infested with scale, the nurseryman is likely to introduce the insect into his nursery, and then send it out to his cus- tomers on the trees which they purchase. We can see, therefore, that although the San Jose Scale has very limited natural powers of spread, it is nevertheless able to spread with considerable rapidity, aided, as it is, both by accidental causes and by the hand of man. What Kinds of Plants May be Infested?— The San Jose Scale is not capable of living and thriving on all kinds of plants, and it is ex- tremely important that the grower should know which ones are most liable to attack. It is primarily a pest of orchard trees and it is an ex- ception, rather than the rule, to find it on any other. Of the orchard The Bulletin. 11 fruits, peaches, plums, apples, pears, and cherries seem to be worst at- tacked and die most readily in the order named. Certain varieties, especially of pears, seem to show considerable resistance, the Keiffer, Leconte, and Garber seeming to be less attacked than others, though by no means exempt. Sour cherries are also resistant. Currants, Gooseberries, Roses, Grapes, Osage-orange, Thornapple, and Japan Walnut are all quite subject to the San Jose Scale, though not so readily attacked as the orchard fruits. Then there comes a long list of other plants upon which it is of accidental or rare occurrence, such as Persimmon, Walnut, Poplar, Chestnut, Sumac, Catalpa, Willow, Lin- den, Ash, Dogwood, Elm, Maple, Strawberry, Easpberry, Milkweed, Spruce, Cedar and even Crabgrass. But it must be remembered that its occurrence on these last is unusual and as a rule they are not attacked, even though they stand close to orchard trees that are badly infested. Forest and shade trees are very seldom infested with the San Jose Scale, and are not appreciable factors in harboring or spreading infec- tion. Growers sometimes make serious and ridiculous mistakes on this point and give up hope because they imagine that the "scale is in the woods," or they try to destroy the forests which they suspect, or spend hours in a fruitless search for it on the forest or shade trees, and then, when they find a scale (which is some other species in nine cases out of ten) they think that they have surely found it. Let us repeat, then, with greater emphasis, that : the San Jose Scale is primarily a pest of orchard fruit trees; it may also occur, but less fre- quently, on rose, grape, currant, gooseberry, mochorange, and Japan walnut, but forest and shade trees are not appreciable factors in harbor- ing or spreading it. How Long Before It Kills the Tree?— The answer to this question will depend upon the kind of tree and the age at which it first becomes infested. Let us take some different examples: 1. If the tree becomes infested as soon as budded, peach and plum are likely to die within from one to two years; apple, pear, and cherry in from two to four years. 2. If they become infested when five years of age, peach and plum will usually die in three or four years, pear in four or five years, and cherry and apple in four to six years, or perhaps not at all. 3. If they become infested at the age of eight years or over, our observation has been that apples are not likely to be killed outright, though peaches, plums, and pears may be. Of course, an infested tree should be regu- larly and thoroughly treated whether it is going to be killed or not, for otherwise it becomes a center from which the scale may spread to other trees or orchards. Furthermore, though a tree may be too hardy to be killed outright, yet the younger branches Avhere the fruit should be borne may be injured to such an extent that the tree can not mature a crop. The San Jose Scale in North Carolina.— A study of the map in Figure 3 shows that this pest is wide spread in this State, although thig map was made up early in 1907. Hundreds of new cases have been located since. Indeed at the present writing (April, 1912) the San Jose Scale is on record in this office for seventy-seven counties and on the 12 The Bulletin. I premises of over 800 different persons. It is positively known to occur at sea level in Brunswick County in the extreme southeastern part of the State, and on the high mountain ranges (over 4,000 feet) of Watauga i* V //l'^ \ o VA '*' .i> ~»« 9 « >• .'5 ^"^•z I County in the northwestern part of the State, and it is destructive in both places As these points represent the two extremes of altitude and temperature to be found in our State, it is plainly seen that there is no section of North Carolina where it will not thrive. It is also known m The Bulletin. 13 the eastern counties of New Hanover, Pender, Carteret, Beaufort, and Pasquotank, and in the western counties of Cherokee, Swain, Haywood, Mitchell, Watauga, and Ashe, all of which border on Tennessee. It is recorded in ten counties on the Virginia line, and in twelve on South Carolina. And it is known, in practically every county throughout all the central part of the State. It is true that we have comparatively few complaints of it from the extreme eastern and northeastern counties, and this is probably because very little fruit is grown there, so that its presence is not noticed. Also it is a fact that in the mountain counties a smaller proportion of the orchards are infested than in the central part of the State, and this is probably because the original native orchards were planted before there was any San Jose Scale in the eastern states, so they secured a free start. But our inspections in many sections have shown that where many young orchards are being planted out the Scale is nearly always present in greater or less abundance. We doubt whether this insect is in every locality in the State, and we are reasonably sure that there are many orchards which are thus far free from its ravages — but the point we wish to emphasize is that there is no part of the State which is immune from it, and it is no doubt present in hundreds of localities and on hundreds — yes thousands — of premises of which we have no record as yet. There are many localities (especially towns and villages) where it may be found in practically every home orchard or garden in which there are fruit trees. And yet — knowing the remedies for it as we now do — there is less need than ever for discouragement, and no need whatever for people to be- come nervous or panic-stricken over the situation- — for all over the State there are hundreds of persons who are keeping the scale in good prac- tical control, the orchard industry was never in better condition, and those growers who give their orchards up-to-date attention have long ceased to regard the San Jose Scale with any special alarm. The real element of danger is not in finding it in your orchard, but it is in believ- ing that it isn't in your orchard when it is, and in having it thus do damage while you are ignorant of the cause. We have found many cases where fine young orchards have been practically ruined when the owner did not know the trouble — whereas, if he had known that he had scale he would have gone ahead with the proper treatments and saved his trees. Furthermore our inspections every year are putting scores of our people in knowledge of the scale in their orchards and they are thus able to save them if they will. Natural Enemies of the San Jose Scale.— The orchardist is not entirely alone in his efforts to hold the San Jose Scale in check. There are a number of natural enemies which do more or less good in limiting the numbers of the pests. Every rainstorm during the summer doubtless washes off and drowns countless thousands of the young. There are at least two species of native Lady Beetles which commonly prey upon the scale. One of these is the Twice-stabbed Lady Beetle, about one-eighth of an inch long, black, and with a red spot on each wing cover, the spots resembling tiny drops of blood, thus giving rise to its name. The other 14 The Bui^letin. is called the Pitiful Lady Beetle, though we know not why, unless it be on account of its small size, for this insect is not as large as a pinhead. It is jet black. In addition to these there are one or more species of parasitic flies which attack the insects and lay their eggs within them, the eggs hatch- ing into tiny maggots which feed within the scale-insects and eventually cause their death. In Florida a fungus disease has been found to prey upon the scale to a considerable extent, but attempts to introduce this into other localities have not met with much success. Fig. 4.— Sixth successive crop of peaches in a scale-infested orchard, showing that fruit growing may be profitably carried on in spite of the San Jose Scale. (Photo by Sherman.) Recently the United States Department of Agriculture at Washington has introduced from China a species of Lady-beetle closely related to our "Twice-stabbed" species, and indeed one can not easily tell one from the other. This also feeds upon the San Jose Scale, but thus far has not shown itself capable of holding it in practical control. We must still rely upon the spray pump if we wish to keep this pest in subjection. History. Where did it Come From?— There has been much dis- cussion in reports and bulletins as to the probaVle original home of the San Jose Scale. From present evidence, however, it seems certain that The Bulletin. 15 it originated in northern China, and that from there it was introduced into California about 1870. The insect remained unknown to science, however, until 1880, when it was first described. At that time it was destructive in orchards in the Santa Clara valley near the city of San Jose (pronounced San Ho-zay), in California, and it is from that city that it has received its name. The insect was not discovered in the eastern United States until August, 1893. At that time it was found in Charlottesville, Va. It was soon found that the infested trees were purchased from nurseries which had been introducing stock from California. Then fruitgrowers and entomologists began to inspect orchards especially for this pest, and in 1897, five years after its discovery in Virginia, it was known to exist in twenty States east of the Mississippi River. It seems likely that it obtained a foothold in North Carolina about as soon as in Virginia, beginning at Southern Pines. Certain it is that it has been known in that vicinity since about 1897, and was probably there several years before it was recognized. At the present time it is widely disseminated in. the State and no one can safely assume that his locality is free from it. And this same condition is true for all the other States in this section of the country. Name of the Insect — it is worth while here to designate the proper pronunciation of the name of this pest. The name San Jose is of Spanish origin. The "San" is pronounced just as it is spelled. In the word "Jose" the "J" has the soimd of "H," the "s" the sound of "z," and the "e" the sound of "ay." The proper way to pronounce the name of the insect is therefore as if it were spelled "San Ho-zay," with the accent on the last syllable. REMEDIES FOR THE SAN JOSE SCALE. One thorough spraying (or washing) each year with proper remedies, will keep the San Jose Scale in good control. This is amply proven by the experience of hundreds of our fruitgrowers and farmers every year. It is best to give the treatment in late winter, before the buds have opened (February or early March), but any time after the leaves are shed in fall and before the buds open in spring will do. Spraying with a regular spray pump is by far the best method. For this treatment the great majority of growers depend on one of the two following: Lime-sulphur Wash (either commercial or the home-made) page 16. Soluhle Oil (of which there are several brands) page 17. Other remedies which are used to some extent are : Whale-oil soap, kerosene emulsion, and laundry soap, dissolved in water. Each of these is discussed briefly in the following pages — but we must emphasise that the great majority depend either on the lime-sulphur or the soluble oils. And as between these two each has its own peculiar advantages, and among people who have had ample experience with both, some prefer the one and some prefer the other. Both are good and it is mainly a matter of personal choice between them. The greater number depend on the lime-sulphur. 16 The Bulletin. LIME-SULPHUR WASH. In using this material we have the choice between buying the in- gredients and making it up ourselves — or of buying the ready-made solu- tions which are prepared for use merely by mixing with cold water. The lime-sulphur preparations are also very effective in checking fungus diseases on trees, and they foiip a coating on the bark which serves as a partial protection during part of the growing season. READY-MADE LIME-SULPHUR. (Or "Commercial" Lime-sulphur). The commercial lime-sulphur washes can be bought ready-made from the manufacturers or from agents and dealers in some of our larger towns. Most of them are of about the same strength, and can be re- duced to proper strength for spraying merely by adding water. For winter use against San Jose Scale, use one gallon of commercial lime-sulphur to ten gallons of water. There is no need to have the water even warm — cold water is all right. When reduced to the strength recommended for scale, the ready-made wash, as we apply it to the trees, costs about two to six cents per gallon, depending upon the quantity of the material purchased. It has the advantage of requiring no special preparation, there is no sediment or particles in it to clog the spray pump, and it is therefore more quickly and easily used. For these reasons many prefer to use it rather than to make the home-made wash. Some firms which manufacture ready-made lime-sulphur washes are : Thomson Chemical Co. .^ Baltimore, Md. Vreeland Chemical Co., 26 Dey St., Hudson Terminal Bldg., New York, X. Y. Jas. A. Blanchard Co New York, N. Y. Niagara Sprayer Co Middleport, N. Y. Grasselli Chemical Co Cleveland, Ohio. Bowker Insecticide Co 43 Chatham St., Boston, Mass. Persons desiring to use the ready-made lime-sulphur should corre- spond with these firms as to prices, exact quantity of water to use, etc. HOME-MADE LIME-SULPHUR WASH. Many growers prefer to make their own lime-sulphur wash; there- fore, we give the formula and directions for it : Stone lime (unslaked) 15 pounds. Sulphur (flowers) 15 pounds. Water (to make) 50 gallons. Heat from 4 to 6 gallons of water to boiling over fire in large iron or brass kettle. Mix the sulphur with enough hot water to make a thin paste and pour it into the kettle with the hot water. Now add the lime, part at a time, and as it slakes dash in a little cold water as needed, to keep it from boiling over or to keep it from becoming dry. Keep the fire going and stir the mixture frequently. As the slaking ceases, keep The Bulletin, 17 it boiling from the fire for half an hour longer, then dilute with water (cold is all right) to make 50 gallons; strain through a fine wire screen or cloth to remove all sediment, and spray. This wash, which contains 15 pounds sulphur to the barrel, is only for use in winter when the trees are dormant. It is an excellent remedy for San Jose Scale, but all treatments with it should be finished before the buds open in spring. The later the treatment is made the better, just so the buds are not open. Made according to the above directions, this wash, as we apply it to the trees, costs about 1 1-2 to 3 cents per gallon, depending upon the quantities of the ingredients purchased. It has the advantage of being cheaper than the ready-made. It also makes a whiter coating on the twigs, so that missed portions can be more read- ily noticed (and corrected), and for these reasons many prefer it, though it requires the trouble of boiling, straining, etc., which in the minds of many offsets the cheaper cost. SOLUBLE OILS. The soluble oils share popularity with the lime-sulphur prepara- tions as remedies for the San Jose Scale. They are so prepared that they mix readily with either hot or cold water, and are therefore very convenient to use. They will penetrate into cracks and crevices even better than the lime-sulphur mixtures, and they corrode and rust the spray pumps less, but they do not have so good an effect in checking fungous diseases. The soluble oils are usually used in winter for San Jose Scale at the rate of one gallon to ten gallons of water. The two firms which do most trade in this State in the soluble oil preparations are: B. G. Pratt Co 50 Church St., New York City, who make a material called "Scalecide." Thomsen Chemical Co Baltimore, Md. ''Orchard Brand Soluble Oil." If interested correspond direct with them as to all details, OTHER REMEDIES, The other remedies referred to can be discussed briefly : Whale Oil Soap. — The brand that is almost wholly depended upon is Good's Caustic Potash Whale Oil Soap, No, 3, made and sold by Jas, Good, 939 N, Front St,, Philadelphia, Pa, If interested, correspond direct in regard to prices, method of using, etc. Kerosene Emulsion. — This was the standard remedy in the eastern States before the lime-sulphur wash came into use, and is still used for many other insects. Its disadvantage is that it is quite troublesome to prepare and if at all carelessly used is liable to injure the trees. For use in winter on peach and plum, we advise that it be used not stronger than 15 per cent oil. For use in winter on apple and pear it may be used as strong as 25 per cent. Full directions for preparing this wash are given on page 32, 2 18 The Bulletin. Laundry Soap and Water.— in a limited way we have used ordinary laundry soap as a remedy for San Jose Scale. The soap which we used was ^'Octagon." We used it at the rate of one pound of soap to one gal- lon of water, as follows: The soap was shaved into thin slices and put in the proper amount of water and placed over fire. "When boiling hot, stir thoroughly to dissolve the soap. Add enough water to make up for evaporation. It is then ready to apply. The extreme simplicity of this remedy makes it an easy one for persons in cities or towns with only a very few trees in the back yard or garden. But this remedy should only be applied in winter, for at that strength it would almost certainly hurt leaves or fruit. WHEN TO GIVE THE TREATMENT. Winter Treatment Best. — As already stated the best one time to spray for San Jose Scale is late winter (February or early March) before the buds have opened. The later in the winter the better, just so the treatment is completed before the buds open. Summer Spraying for Scale. — Sometimes we discover the San Jose Scale on our trees in spring or summer, when the strong winter appli- cations can not be safely made. In this case trees that are only mod- erately infested will usually live safely until the proper time for treat- ing them in winter. But trees which are badly infested, already weak- ened or partly dead, may need some immediate treatment. In such cases one may use the regular winter applications, taking care to apply them only on the larger branches, trunks, etc., and not permit it to touch leaves or fruit. But we consider that for such summer treatment it is best to use the self-boiled lime-sulphur wash, which is discussed later in this Bulletin (p. 31). This wash, which is perfectly safe as a sum- mer treatment even on leaves and fruit, is fairly effective against the scale, so that one (or at most two) summer treatments with it will carry the worst trees over until the regular winter spraying is given. Fall Spraying for Scale. — Although the weight of opinion is in favor of late winter as the one best time to spray for scale, yet a few people prefer fall spraying, and some even spray both in fall and late winter, though we do not think this is necessary as a regular practice. Fall spraying is done after all fruit has been gathered, when the leaves have begun to drop, or soon after they have dropped. For fall spraying we believe there are special advantages in using the soluble oils, as they will penetrate more of the small crevices and reach a larger percentage of the small young scales which pass the winter. On the other hand the lime-sulphur solutions leave a coating on the branches so that when they are applied in late winter this coating acts as a considerable protection to the trees during spring and early summer. So, if one wants to come as near as possible to exterminating the scale — we believe that the best plan would be to use soluble oil in fall and lime-sulphur in late winter. But we want to emphasize the fact that the insects are so small that absolute extermination is impracticable (if not absolutely impossible), and even at the best we must expect, and plan,, to treat infested trees once each year. ! The Bulletin. 19 Preparing the Trees for Treatment.— if the trees are to be treated in summer, it is not necessary to give them any special preparation other than to cut out those branches that are already dead; but for winter treatment some preparation is rj :3irable to get the best results. It may be said, however, that some growers do fairly well by spraying thoroughly every winter, without giving the tree any previous prepara- tion or pruning. H'j'V - \ >■■» •:ofei^--j: - '>*-- ..^■j^.jk:... ^ - ^ fc^'. Fig. 5.— Peach trees before pruning. Xote how difficult it would be to thoroughly treat all the long, slender twigs. (Photo by Sherman.) It is best that the regular winter pruning be given before the trees are treated for scale. Cut out all branches that are already dead or fatally injured. Shorten back the limbs so that what remains can be easily reached and thoroughly treated. For trees that are only slightly or moderately infested, this pruning need not be any more severe than is usually given. Trees that are quite thickly encrusted with scale should be cut more heavily, so as to throw more vigor in the remaining branches and to encourage new growth. When a question arises which of two limbs to cut, take out the one that is most infested with scale. Trees that are so badly infested that they are already dying may often be saved by cutting them back to mere stubs, treating the stubs thoroughly, and a new top may be had in the course of a few years. This is especially the case with peach trees, many of which are treated and saved in this way. Destruction of Infested Trees. — We do not recommend that trees that are infested with San Jose Scale be destroyed, unless they are be- pond hope of saving, or unless the owner does not intend to treat them. But if the scale is discovered in spring or early summer, and some 20 The Bulletin. of the trees are so badly infested that they will surely die before winter, then either give those trees thorough summer treatment or destroy them. Likewise, if you fail to get the orchard treated as intended, and spring opens up with a lot of badly infested trees in the orchard, the very worst ones should be cut out. It should be remembered that all through the late spring, summer and fall, even until Christmas, or perhaps later, the scale will be breeding, and every wind or passing bird may carry away the young lice and establish them on new trees. This is why the trees which are already useless should be destroyed — they can not do good, and they do much harm by spreading the scale. I .*! Fig. 6. — Same ortiiard as showu in Fig. 5, after being pruned and spraj'ed. Note that all branches were shortened and that the trees are in thrifty condition. (Photo by Sherman.) Late summer and fall, say from late August to middle of November, is the season when the scale multiplies and spreads most rapidly. This makes it especially important to take out whatever trees are going to be destroyed before midsummer. There is one case in which we would advise destruction of trees that might be saved. Suppose a man has a7i orchard of young trees and finds only a very few trees badly infested. In such a case we may hope that it has not spread far, and by promptly destroying those few trees — even if they could be saved — and by thoroughly treating all the tr^es close by, he may so check the scale as to avoid the need of fighting it on all his trees for several years. But it must be remembered that the scale will likely be more widespread than at first appears, so that close watch must be kept for it in all parts of the orchard. But let us say again that we do not advise the destruction of trees except in extreme cases. If you are in doubt whether or not to destroy a tree, then spare the tree; but (and this is the important point) do not fail to treat it thoroiigJdy at the first suitable opportunity. The Bulletin. 21 Can Not Exterminate Scale —No one need expect to ''exterminate" or "get rid of" the San Jose Scale when it once becomes firmly estab- lished in his orchard, no matter what measures he uses. It is here to stay, and our growers need to recognize it as a permanent pest, to be fought regularly and intelligently. If this be done there is no difficulty in keeping it in good control; but the man who starts in with the idea that he can exterminate it is apt to merely deceive himself. We need -\ i y>^^' Fig. 7.— Peach tree'cut back to suib two years before, now making new top and filled with bloom. (Photo by Sherman.) to look at this thing in the light of common-sense experience. We don't expect to "exterminate" potato beetles, but the means of control are such that no potato grower need lose a crop from them. We do not expect to "exterminate" the flies in our houses, but the means of control enable us to reduce their number and control them. ISTo insect pest which has so many means of spread has ever been absolutely exterminated when once thoroughly established. It is a matter of control, not of extermi- nation. OUR POLICY IN REGARD TO SAN JOSE SCALE. Many persons think that the State Department of Agriculture makes a practice of destroying all orchards that are found to be infested with San Jose Scale, and for this reason some people hesitate to let us know that they suspect the scale is in the orchards, or they hesitate to give the names and addresses of their neighbors and friends whose orchards may be infested. 22 The Bulletin. This idea is incorrect and harmful. We aim to give every person con- cerned full infonnation about the San Jose Scale, and the remedies for it, and it is left largely for each man to adopt his own course in caring for his own trees. Our plan is to show the danger, and to point out the remedy, and to keep those whose trees are infested informed as to the proper means of control. But it is wholly impossible for the Depart- ment to follow up all cases and compel treatment, even if there were a desire to do so. The scale is now known to exist on the premises of over 800 persons, including nearly all the counties of the State. We want the name and address of every person who has San Jose Scale, merely in order that we may help, not to destroy. We attempt to keep record of every case positively reported to us, and all such persons are sent our publications from time to time, and are communicated with by circular letter and other-ndse. Those who are thus in touch with us are kept informed, and have no real need to lose their trees. It is mainly those who do not know that they have scale, or who do not wish to be put in communication with us, that are losing their trees from attacks of the pest. Those who have been long in touch with us understand these facts, and we hope they will help us by getting their neighbors whose trees are infested or suspected to write to us, sending sample twigs for examination. Every person who thinks his trees are infested should make sure by sending Uvigs with his name and address plainly written on the package, and a letter of explanation. Even two or three twigs in the envelope with the letter will often be enough. It should be said that the laws of the State do give power to compel the treatment of trees, or to compel them to be destroyed if the owner will not treat them. But this power is seldom used, and then only in the most extreme eases where a man's neighbors complain of him con- tinually, and where no appeal to his reason has effect. It is necessary that there should be such power, but it is equally necessary that it shall not be used hastily, or when there is no serious need for it. I The Bulletin. 23 PAET II. ORCHARD SPRAYING. IXTRODUCTION. In the first part of this Bulletin we have fully discussed the San Jose Scale and the remedies for it. And that opens the way for a gen- eral discussion of orchard spraying for the control of many other kinds of insects and diseases which damage our trees and fruit every year. Any person who has an orchard large enough to yield fruit to sell should certainly know the different mixtures used in spraying, how they are prepared, when to use them, and why — for spraying means money profits to such a person, whether there is any San Jose Scale in his orchard or not. And the person who has San Jose Scale should have the same information, because when he is once prepared to spray his trees for scale, it is a simple matter to go a little further and give the other treatments for the other pests. The only persons who are really justified in not spraying are those who have only a few trees for home use and these not infested with scale. The demand for information about the spraying of fruit trees is very active and scores of our finiit growers are taking up spraying each year who have not followed the practice before. In the effort to give all these persons adequate instruction this Bulletin has been prepared. "Please give me full directions for spraying my orchard." That is a common form of inquiry, and while we give much of the information needed in these pages, yet the grower must remember that there are many small details that can be mastered only by experience and obser- vation. Just at this time there is some uncertainty as to the relative merits of the Bordeaux Mixture and the Lime-sulphur Wash for the control of fungous diseases in the orchard; but the recommendations as given in this Bulletin are based not only on our own experiences and observa- tions, and the experience of growers in the State, but also on the recom- mendations of the officials in the United States Department of Agricul- ture. We feel sure, therefore, that they are as near correct as they can be made from present knowledge. In this Bulletin we give preference to Arsenate of Lead as the poison to use in spraying fruit trees, as results from its use are much better than from Paris Green. Tn'^ect ])ests and diseases of various kinds make it necessary to spray our fruit orchards. Examine our fruits in summer or fall and notice the knotty, dwarfed, wormy and specked ones, and you will be con- vinced. However, some of the diseases and insects which attack the apple are quite different from those which attack the peach, so that the treatment is different for these two fruits. Hence we discuss separately the spraying of the apple orchard and the spraying of the peach orchard. Pears are subject to nearly the same troubles as apples, but 24 The Bulletin. do not suffer so much from them, and spraying does not generally give such good profits. Plums, on the other hand, have almost exactly the same enemies as the peach and require practically the same treatment. Spraying and Bees.— The honey-bee is one of the chief agents in pollenizing our fruits, and we should use every reasonable care to do them no harm. If spraying is done at exactly the proper times there should be no trouble on this point, for no spraying is advised when the trees are in bloom. The chief difficulty lies in the fact that many grow- ers begin the spraying for Codling Moth while the trees are in bloom in order to finish in time. This is not necessary and is harmful. If the grower will wait until all or practically all of the blossoms have fallen before using the poisoned sprays, he will have just as good results from Codling Moth or Curculio, and will have better results from the polleni- zation. If the trees be sprayed while they are in bloom the pollen is wetted so that the pollenization is less perfect, and the petals of tlie blossoms themselves are in the way, so that the spray does not readily reach the blossom end. The interests of both the fruit grower and the bee-keeper are in per- fect agreement. It is a mistake for the grower to spray when the blos- soms are still on the trees. Indeed, so long as there are enough active and fragrant blossoms to attract bees in any number it is too early to spray for Codling Moth or Curculio. Wait until the blossoms have fallen, and then spray promptly. SPRAYING FOR APPLES. To give a good all-round protection requires from three to five spray- ings each season, as follows : 1. Winter Spraying.— f/se Commercial Lime-sulphur Wash at rate of 1 gallon to 10 gallons of water (see page 29), or, if you prefer, you may make your own Lime-sulphur Wash at strength of 15 pounds lime, 15 pounds of sulphur, to 50 gallons water (see page 29). This winter treatment is especially for San Jose Scale. If this pest is not troubling you, you need not use this treatment every year; but it, has such a good general effect on the trees that it is best to use it every few years any^vay — and it is important for those who have San Jose Scale to use it every year. 2. As Buds Open. —Use Commercial Lime-sulphur at rate of 1 1-2 gallons to 60 gallons water and add 3 pounds of Arsenate of Lead. (See page 29.) . We do not regard this treatment as absolutely necessary, but it does good and will pay if one can get it done. It checks the very earliest caterpillars and diseases which attack young leaves and flowers. But if one gives the winter spraying already described and gives the treat- ment just after blossoms fall, it will seldom be really urgent to give this one. If you must omit any of the sprayings let it be this one, as we regard it as the least importf.nt. The Bulletin. 25 3. Just After Blossoms Fall, Promptly. —Use Commercial Lime- sulphur 1 1-2 gallons to 50 gallons water and add 3 pounds Arsenate of Lead. (See page 29.) This is the most important spraying of all for the fruit, and should never be neglected in bearing orchards. Its special object is to kill the Codling Moth which makes the "wormy apple," and as the worm usually enters at the blossom end we must spray promptly after the blossoms fall, as the blossom end is then open and will receive the poison. All the trees will not shed the blossoms at the same time, so we must strike at the best time for the average, or for the ones we prize most, and every effort must be made to lodge some of the spray in the open blossom end of each young apple. 4. Three to Four Weeks Later.— f/se the Bordeaux Mixture at rate of Jf. pounds Lime, 3 pounds Bluestone, 50 gallons water, and add 3 pounds of Arsenate of Lead. (See page 29.) This treatment, coming three or four weeks after the blossoms have fallen, will be when the apples are about an inch in diameter, more or less. It will reach some Codling Moth which escaped the third treatment and will catch caterpillars which may have started since. As the leaves will be nearly grown, this treatment will usually benefit them for the rest of the season. It also protects the fruit considerably from rots which attack it later in the season. Note. — Eight here a word of caution is needed. Some want to use the weakened Lime-sulphur (as in the third spraying) instead of the Bordeaux. All right for those who prefer — it will do very well; but the evidence is that the burning effect of Bordeaux Mixture which has been quite conspicuous in recent years comes from the application just after the blossoms fall, and that the Bordeaux can be used for this fourth (and any later) treatment without the burning. Furthermore, the Bordeaux "wall give a little better protection against Bitter Eot and other midsummer diseases than the weakened Lime-sulphur. Hence we would prefer to use it, if we can avoid the burning effect. The United States Department of Agriculture tests show good results when using 4 pounds Bluestone to 50 gallons in making Bordeaux for this treatment. But in consideration of some damage in this State, we venture to recommend only 3 pounds. Some of our growers will use only 2 pounds, and some will not use it at all, but depend entirely on the Lime-sulphur. In tests made by this office at Greensboro, N. C, in 1910, leaf spot was a little worse on trees sprayed with Lime-sulphur than on those sprayed with Bordeaux, and the rotting of fruit on the trees began on those sprayed with Lime-sulphur earlier than on those sprayed with Bordeaux, Therefore, we prefer the Bordeaux, but take all possible caution to avoid the burning. 5. Summer Spraying. —Ten Weeks Later. Use the same as in the previous treatment. This treatment should come about midsummer, and will prevent the diseases that attack the leaves and fruit late in the season, such as Bitter 26 The Bulletin. Rot, and the rotting of the fruit on the trees in the wann days of early fall. This midsummer spraying is more important here than in some other sections of the United States, and it is more needed in the warmer sections of the State than in our highest and coolest locations. WHICH TREATMEJ^TS ARE MOST IMPORTANT ? The foregoing outline of five sprayings is for the man who wants the best of results, and is willing to do the work to get the best returns. But many will want to know which treatments they maj'^ leave out. Let us see: The spraying just as the buds open (I^o. 2) reaches the least number of important pests, and so may, perhaps, be omitted more safely than any other. If you have no San Jose Scale, then the winter treat- ment (No. 1) can be omitted, although it is better to give it anyway (at least every two or three years), even if there is no scale. If you are not troubled with Bitter Rot and the apples rotting on the trees, then you can omit the midsummer spraying (^o. 5). The treatment that comes three or four weeks after the blossoms fall (No. 4) can be omitted if necessary. This leaves only one more, namely, the one just after the blossoms fall (No. 3), and this is the one most important treatment for every bearing apple orchard, for every such orchard is infested with Codling Moth, Curculio, and leaf eating insects, and we simply must give this treatment after the blossoms fall, if we are to have a full crop of perfect fruit. Here is a statement of what we consider the relative importance of the five treatments: First in importance — No. 1. Winter treatment, if there is scale. Second in importance — No. 3. Just after blossoms fall. Third in importance — No. 5. Summer spraying, if fniit rots on tree. Fourth in importance — No. 4. Three to four weeks after blossoms fall. Fifth in importance — No. 2. As the buds open. So it depends upon what your troubles are as to which of the treat- ments you can afford to miss. If you have no scale, but have trouble with fruit rotting on the trees, then you must give the summer treat- ment, while you may leave out the winter one. But if you have scale and do not have trouble with the rots, then you must give the winter treatment and may omit the summer one. If you have both scale and rot. then you must give both the winter treatment and the summer treat- ment. But every bearing orchard has Codling Moth, Curculio, and leaf eating insects which are reached by the treatment just after the blos- soms fall (No. 3), so that stands out preeminent as the one treatment that every bearing orchard should receive. Experience is the only teacher that can show to each and every grower just what precise treatments he should use. One man will adopt a regular system of three treatments, another two, another four, and another five. But it is only the grower who studies for himself, and who knows just what the most important enemies in his own orchard are, who can hope to get the best results. I The Bulletin. 27 SPRAYING OF APPLES REDUCED TO SIMPLEST TERMS. There are a good many growers wlio would like to get good fruit and would be willing to go to some expense to get it, but who simply will not bother to change from one material to another, to memorize a lot of formulas, and vary the strengths of the mixtures. These persons want to know of some one spraying treatment which they can adopt with reasonable success, and they are willing to take slightly poorer results if by so doing they can bring the matter down to a basis of easy simplicity. For all such persons we recommend the Commercial Lime-sulphur at 1 1-2 gallons to 50 gallons water, with 3 pounds of Arsenate of Lead. (See page 29.) If this material be used for all spraying treatments, winter and sum- mer, it will come as near giving satisfaction as any one material. It is not necessary to use the arsenate of lead in winter applications, but only when there is fruit or foliage on the trees. This material is strong enough so that if used several times through the season it will be quite effective against the San Jose Scale. It gives good protection from fungous, diseases ; the sulphur is quite effect- ive against sucking insects, such as plant lice and scale insects, and the arsenate makes it effective against Codling Moth, Curculio, and leaf eating insects. AS TO SPRAYING PEARS. ^J3 Pear orchards generally do not require so much spraying treatment as apples, though their pests are quite similar. As a rule, two treat- ments will stand them in good stead — first, the winter treatment (No. 1), (if the orchard has scale), and, second, the treatment after the blossoms fall (No. 3). But the pear grower must remember that the Fire Blight, which is perhaps tiie one greatest enemy to the pear grower, is not reached by any spraying applications. Some pear growers do not spray at all except when special occasion arises. The Kieft'er variety is gen- erally more resistant to pests than the others, and it is seldom attacked by San Jose Scale. SPRAYING FOR PEACHES AND PLUMS. Results from spraying peaches are less certain than with apples, but with the mixtures and methods now in use they are more certain than ever before. The control of San Jose Scale is relatively simple, the control of Curculio is reasonably certain, and the control of the rot is usually successful by the sprayings here recommended. But if the sea- son be warm and rainy so as to wash off the spray, the Curculio and rot may be destructive despite our best efforts. A system of spraying treatments which will give splendid results in almost every year is as follows : 1. Winter Spraying.— ?7se Commercial Lime-sulphur at rate of 1 gallon to 10 gallons water (see page 29) ; or, if you prefer, you may 28 The Bulletin. make your own Lime-sulphur Wash at strength of 15 pounds lime, 15 pounds sulphur, 50 gallons water. (See page 29.) This treatment is for the San Jose Scale, which is very destructive in many peach orchards of the State. If the scale is not present, then this treatment can be omitted; but it has such a good general effect on the tree that it ought to be used every two or three years anyway. If the scale is present, it should be used every year. It helps against leafcurl and rot. 2. Just After Petals Fall, Promptly. -Use the self-boiled Lime-sul- phur Wash (8 pounds lime, 8 pounds sulphur, 50 gallons water), and add 3 pounds of Arsenate of Lead. (See page 31.) Notice that here we recommend the self-boiled lime-sulphur, and not the commercial material, and notice that 3 pounds of arsenate of lead is used to the barrel (50 gallons). This treatment is especially for the Curculio, which makes the worm at the pit, and it also prevents leaf-curl, rot, and other troubles to con- siderable extent. 3. Two Weeks Later. —Use same as in the previous treatment. 4. About a Month Before Due to Ripen.— Same as the previous treatment, but use no arsenate of lead. This last treatment is needed only for Elberta and other later varie- ties. The varieties which ripen earlier than Elberta will usually be well protected by the three treatments before mentioned. If arsenate of lead be used in this latest treatment, it will, from our experience, give better color to the fruit, but it is not necessary so far as Curculio is concerned. SPRAYING PEACHES AND PLUMS REDUCED TO SIMPLICITY. If the groAver would rather adopt merely one material for use on his peach and plum trees, even though the results be not always perfect, he will find that the best one material to use will be the self -boiled Lime- sulphur Wash (8 pounds lime, 8 pounds sulphur, 50 gallons water) and 3 pounds Arsenate of Lead. (See page 31.) The arsenate of lead need be added only for treatments when there is fruit or foliage on the trees. This material if used three or four times during the season at the times already mentioned will give quite good protection against most of the insects and diseases which can be controlled by spraying. The commercial lime-sulphur at 1 gallon to 50 gallons water and 2 pounds arsenate of lead might give fair results, but on this we are not certain. Present experience favors the self-boiled lime-sulphur. HOW TO PREPARE THE MIXTURES. The work of preparing spraying mixtures has been greatly simplified by the commercial sprays and washes now on the market, which are as good or sometimes better than what the grower can prepare for himself. On page 34 will be found a list of firms that deal in spraying mixtures. The Bulletin. 29 COMMERCIAL LIME-SULPHUR WASH. The commercial lime-sulphiir washes can be bought ready-made from the manufacturers or their agents in larger towns. Most of them are of about the same strength, and can be reduced to proper strength for spraying merely by adding water. For winter use against San Jose Scale, use 1 gallon of commercial lime-sulphur to 10 or 12 gallons of water. For use in spring and summer on foliage and fruit of apples, use only 1 1-2 gallons of commercial lime-sulphur to 50 gallons (one barrel) of water. Arsenate of lead may be added to the lime-sulphur wash and should be used at rate of about 3 pounds to the barrel. It must be remembered that the lime-sulphur alone, while excellent against fungous diseases and some insects, is not eilective against Codling Moth and Curculio; for them the poison (arsenate of lead) must be added. Dip out a pailful of the liquid and stir the arsenate in it until it is thoroughly dissolved into the solution, then pour back and stir. HOME-MADE LIME-SULPHUR WASH. Many growers still prefer to make their own lime-sulphur Avash; therefore, we give the formula and directions for it : Stone lime (unslaked) • 15 pounds. Sulphur (flowers) 15 pjDunds. Water (to make) 50 gallons. Heat from 4 to 6 gallons of water to boiling over fire in large iron or brass kettle. Mix the sulphur with enough hot water to make a thin paste and pour it into the kettle with the hot water. ISTow add the lime, part at a time, and as it slakes dash in a little cold water as needed, to keep it from boiling over or to keep it from becoming dry. Keep the fire going and stir the mixture frequently. As the slaking ceases, keep it boiling from the fire for half an hour longer, then dilute with water (cold is all right) to make 50 gallons; strain through a fine wire screen or cloth to remove all sediment, and spray. This wash, which contains 15 pounds sulphur to the barrel, is only for use in winter when the trees are dormant. It is an excellent remedy for San Jose Scale, but all treatments with it should be finished before the buds open in spring. The later the treatment is made the better, just so the buds are not open. BORDEAUX MIXTURE. (Poisoned with Arsenate of Lead.) Let it be plainly understood that the exact position that Bordeaux Mixture should take in orchard spraying is now open to some question. It is pretty well agreed that it is better not to use it at all on peaches, 30 The Bulletin. and on apples only after the young fruits are well formed — say, about 1 inch in diameter or larger. Some growers use even as high as 5 pounds of bluestone to the barrel and are satisfied; others use 4 pounds, while some who have noticed the rusting effect on the fruit are not willing to use more than 2 pounds to the barrel. After considerable observation on our own tests and con- sultation with officials of the United States Department of Agriculture, we now suggest 3 pounds to the barrel to be used for any sprayings after the young apples are well set — that is, for the fourth and fifth sprayings as given on page 25 of this Bulletin. Some manufacturers sell ready- made Bordeaux preparations, but these have never come into general use in this State. Stone lime (unslaked) 4 pounds. Bluestone 3 pounds. Arsenate of lead 3 pounds. Water 50 gallons. Put the bluestone in a cloth and hang it in a tub or keg of water so that it is just below the surface. In this way it will dissolve much more rapidly than if throT\Ti in so that it sinks to the bottom. Warm or hot water will dissolve it much more rapidly than cold. Put this to dissolve the evening before it is intended to spray and it will be dissolved by morning. This should be in a wooden receptable. After the bluestone has dissolved add water to make 25 gallons (if there is not that amount already). Slake the lime slowly (preferably with hot water), and when com- pletely slaked add water to make 25 gallons. Keep this in a separate keg or barrel. We now have 25 gallons of bluestone solution and 25 gallons of the lime solution. We now take equal parts of each of these solutions and pour them together into a third tub or barrel. Do not pour a bucketful of one into a half-barrel of the other, but mix them always in equal quantities. Thus we may take two water buckets and fill one with the lime solution and the other from the bluestone solution and then pour them both at the same time into the third barrel or keg. This little point of always mixing them in equal quantities results in a better mix- ture than when they are carelessly mixed, or when the whole mass of one solution is poured bodily into the whole mass of the other. Always stir the solution well before dipping out, so that the liquid you take out shall be fully charged vnth the ingredients of the solution. Adding the Poison. —The arsenate of lead paste is first dissolved in just enough water to make it liquid and is then stirred into the Bordeaux Mixture. It is then ready to apply. Strain Before Using. -Before using, the mixture must be carefully strained through a cloth or fine wire gauze. Kemember that all the spray must come out through the small hole in the end of the nozzle ; therefore, to avoid clogging, strain carefully before using. Care in the thorough straining before spraying will pay for the trouble many times over. If k The Bulletin, 31 one uses considerable quantities of tlie mixture, it is well to have a large funnel strainer made, fitted witli two nettings, one of iron wire window- screening and the other with much finer gauze, preferably of brass. Having strained the poisoned mixture, it is ready to apply. SELF-BOILED LIME-SULPHUK WASH. The tests of the United States Department of Agriculture indicate that this is the best material to use on peaches in all treatments when there is fruit or foliage on the trees. Some of our growers use it on apples instead of Bordeaux or commercial washes. The slaking lime does the boiling, no fire being used in boiling the wash itself, though hot water is used to start the slaking of the lime. Stone lime (unslaked) 8 pounds. Sulphur 8 pounds. Water (to make) 50 gallons. Arsenate of lead 3 pounds.. Place the lime in tub or barrel and pour over it enough water to cover it (preferably hot). Put in the sulphur (lumps first crushed) and add another bucket of water. As the mass boils from the slaking of the lime stir it, add more hot water as needed to form a thick paste at first, and then gradually a thin paste. A sack or blanket over the barrel helps to keep in the heat. When the boiling is all over add water (cold is all right) to make 50 gallons, stir thoroughly and strain it carefully.* Adding the Poison. — Dissolve the arsenate of lead paste in enough of the solution to make it liquid, then stir it into the whole solution, and you are ready to spray. WHAT POISON— AKSEN"ATE OF LEAD OR PARIS GREEN? Throughout the State as a whole Paris Green is the poison most com- monly used against insects. Its use is so common that everybody is more or less familiar vdth it, and it can be bought in almost every vil- lage. As a rule, it does reasonably well, and can be used as the poison in spraying, at the rate of about 1-2 pound to a barrel of the spraying liquid. But in recent years Arsenate of Lead has come into great favor, and all experience shows it to be so much better than Paris Green that we unresitatingly give it first choice. The relative merits of the two may be expressed as follows : Paris Green is more commonly known, is easier to get, costs less for the amount needed ; but it is more likely to "burn" the leaves and fruit, it settles to the bottom of the liquid quickly unless constantly stirred, and does not give so good results. Use about 1-2 pound to 50 gallons. Arsenate of Lead is less known, is not so commonly sold, costs more to make the needed treatments; but it does not "burn" the leaves or •Directions adapted from W. M. Scott and A. L. Quintance, Cir. No. 120, Bur. Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agriculture. 32 The Bulletin. fruit, it holds up well in the spraying liquid, sticks longer to the foliage, and gives actually better results. Experienced growers who spray now depend almost wholly on the arsenate of lead. A number of larger drug or hardware firms in our more important towns are now handling arse- nate of lead. Use 3 pounds to 50 gallons. THE USE OF OIL AND SOAP SPRAYS. While we give general preference to sprays of Lime-sulphur and Bordeaux Mixture, yet there are many growers who prefer sprays con- taining soaps or oils, especially for winter treatments to control the San Jose Scale. There are a number of manufacturers who sell ready-made oil or soap sprays which are prepared merely by adding water. (See discussion of "Soluble Oils" and "Whale Oil Soap," on page 17.) The oil and soap washes have the advantage that they are more pene- trating than lime-sulphur, and on apple this is an especially good point, as the small twigs are often so fuzzy as to hinder the lime-sulphur from reaching all the scales. Also, there is less corrosion and clogging of the pumps. But, on the other hand, there is some danger to the trees (espe- cially peach) if the soaps or oils are at all carelessly used, and they do not seem to have quite so much effect on the fungous diseases. Kerosene Emulsion. — This was once the standard remedy for all kinds of scale insects and for most plant lice, and though it has been replaced by the Lime-sulphur Wash as a remedy for San Jose Scale, it is still used by some growers for treatments in spring or summer, when the regular strength of Lime-sulphur Wash can not be freely used. It is often used against plant lice and some soft-shell species of scale insects. When carefully made and applied as a fine misty spray, it is a very effective insecticide. For use on Peach and Plum, we advise that it be used at a strength not greater than 15 per cent oil for treatments in winter and early spring, and not stronger than 10 per cent oil in summer. For use on Apple and Pear, it may be used as strong as 25 per cent, or even 50 per cent oil in winter and until the buds open in spring; but after the buds have opened, we advise that it be used not stronger than 15 per cent oil. Some growers have used pure kerosene in winter (with- out any water at all) and have had good results without injury to trees, but thi^ is dangerous to trees, expensive at best, and is not advisable. Here is the usual formula for preparing the Kerosene Emulsion, to- gether with statement of amounts of water to be added to get 10 per cent, or 15 per cent, or 25 per cent, or 50 per cent, of oil : Kerosene (coal oil) 2 gallons. Laundry or soft soap 1-2 pound. Water 1 gallon. Shave the soap into thin pieces in the water and heat to boiling over fire and stir to dissolve the soap. Then remove from the -fire and pour in the 2 gallons of oil, and churn the whole mixture together vigorously i { The Bulletin. 33 for several rainutes. This may be done by pumping it tbrougli the spray pump, directing the nozzle back into the mixture so that it is sprayed back into itself again. After this whole mass has been thoroughly churned together it will be of a light creamy nature, and will then mix readily with even cold water. This gives us a total of three gallons, two gallons of which (or 66 per cent) is oil. To reduce his down to the proportions desired, observe the following table : To get 10 per cent oil, add 17 gallons of water. To get 15 per cent oil, add 10 gallons of wat^r. To get 25 per cent oil, add 5 gallons of water. To get 50 per cent oil, add 1 gallon of water. If desired, the emulsion may be prepared in less (or greater) quantity than here indicated, but care must be taken to carefully follow the pro- portions here given, so that the final mixture that is sprayed on the trees will be of the desired strength — not more and not less. It often requires a little experience and skill in making the mixture and a thorough understanding of how much water to add to reduce the mixture to the strength desired. It must be remembered that this remedy only affects those insects that are actually wetted by it, hence the application must be very thorough. Soap Solution. —For many soft-bodied insects, such as plant lice, a strong solution of ordinary soap in water is quite effectual. We do not know that the exact proportions necessary for all the different species has been worked out, but we have used the following with excellent results against the gray Cabbage-louse, which often infests cabbage and turnips in the spring, and no doubt the same strength would be effectual against the Black Peach Aphis and the Green Apple Aphis, which often infest the young growth of peach and apple trees in spring and early summer : f Laundry soap 1 1-2 pounds. Water 4 gallons. The soap should preferably be of a cheap grade which contains plenty of lye. It is shaved into thin pieces in about 2 gallons of water, which is then heated to boiling over the fire. Stir vigorously to thoroughly dissolve the soap. Then add 2 gallons of cold water (or more, if needed, so as to make 4 gallons in all) and spray while it is still warm. This is such a simple preparation, so cheap and easy to prepare that, if needed, several applications can be. made. It must be remembered that it (like the Kerosene Emulsion) only affects those insects that are actually wetted by it, hence the application must be very thorough. We have used ordinary laundry soap and water as a remedy for San Jose Scale, prepared in the same way, but using 1 pound of soap to 1 gallon of water — but at this strength it should be used only in winter, or at least while there is no fruit or foliage on the trees. 34 The Bulletin. SPRAYING CHEMICALS. Lime. — This can usually be had in any village at very cheap rates. For spraying work it should be the fresh unslaked (or "stone") lime. If this can not be had, the powdered air-slaked lime caii be used, but must be carefully sifted and lumps crushed, and twice as much by weight should be used as is recommended for the stone lime. Fresh lime should cost from $1.00 to $1.20 per barrel. Bluestone. -This may be had at any drug store, but can be had more cheaply by ordering in large quantity from some wholesale firni which makes a specialty of handling spraying chemicals. At retail it costs from fifteen to twenty-five cents per pound ; when purchased in quantity, eight to twelve cents. Paris Green.— This well-known poison can be found in most general stores in the country, Avhere it retails at twenty-five to forty cents per pound. In quantity it can be had at cheaper rates. Arsenate of Lead. — This is a newer poison than Paris green, and is used for the same purposes. It costs less per pound (fifteen to twenty- five cents), but as much greater quantity is used, it is actually more expensive. It has the advantage, however, of not settling to the bottom so quickly, and that it can be used on very delicate foliage (such as peach) without burning. It is sold by some large drug manufacturers and by those firms which specialize in spray chemicals. It is not kept by most druggists in this State, but can be ordered through the larger firms. It is sold in form of a thick white paste. Sulphur. —There are two grades of sulphur: "flour of sulphur" and "flowers of sulphur." For making the Lime-sulphur Wash the "flow- ers" is considered better, but either may be used. Sulphur may be or- dered through any drug firm, or perhaps some general stores handle it or can order it. At retail it costs from about fifteen to twenty cents per pound, at wholesale from eight to twelve cents. Other Materials. —The other spraying materials mentioned in this Bulletin— soap, oil, etc.— can be easily procured everywhere at varying rates. COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Following are the names and addresses of some manufacturers of spraying chemicals : Thomsen Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. Arsenate of lead, Lime- sulphur, soluble oil, and others. B. G. Pratt Company, 50 Church Street, New York City. Oil wash known as "Scalecide." Jas. a. Blanchard Company, New York, N. Y. Fred L. Lavenburg, 100 William Street, New York City. Arsenate of lead, Paris Green. Yreeland Chemical Company, 26 Dey Street. Thidsori Terminal Bldg., Neiv York City. Arsenate of lead. Lime-sulphur. The Bulletin. 35 ^Niagara Sprayer Company, Middleport, X. Y. Lime-sulpliur, Ar- senate of lead, and others. Grasselli Chemical Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Arsenate of lead, Lime-sulphur, and others. James Good, 939 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Caustic Potash Whale Oil Soap. Merrimac Chemical Company, 33 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. Swift's arsenate of lead. BowKER Insecticide Company, New York, N. Y . Arsenate of lead and others. Powers- Weightman-Rosengarten Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Ar- senate of lead and others. SPRAY PUMPS AND APPLIANCES. What is the best spray pump? That is a question often asked, and entirely impossible to answer with any assurance of satisfaction. Some growers get along very nicely with the small bucket pumps (if their orchards are not large), while others quickly abandon them for the larger and more powerful kinds. Some (especially gardeners and truck- ers) prefer the knapsack pumps, while others say that they wouldn't have one, as they are too hard to work with. Some like the compressed- air sprayers that are carried about by hand (many are in use among tobacco growers), while others object that they hold too little liquid and that too much time is required in filling the tank every few minutes. There is just one invariable rule than can be laid down, and that one holds good regardless of whether you are rich or poor, and that is, get a good, strong, durable pump — large enough and strong enough and with enough hose and extension pipe to reach every part of your trees with a fine, misty spray. It is also a great advantage if the pump has an agitator for keeping the liquid stirred so the ingredients will not settle to the bottom. Barrel Pumps for Standard. -Considering everything— the cost, the durability, the capacity, the labor we have, the kinds of fruit and the size of our orchards, we believe that for the majority of our people who have or are planting orchards for market purposes the barrel pumps are best, and should be generally considered as the standard. Those with orchards of 1,000 or more apple or 3,000 or more peach may profitably get more elaborate outfits, while those with only about 100 apple or 200 peach (or less) may do all right with the smaller pumps. A good barrel pump, with two leads of hose, extension pipes, double nozzles, stopcocks, etc., will cost, complete and ready for use, about $25 to $35. It is usually better to order that the pump be fitted into the side of the barrel. If you get the pump alone and fit it into the barrel vourself it will cost less. 36 The Bulletin. Fig. 8. — Barrel pump fitted in side of barrel with two leads of hose, two extension rods, each with stopcock at base and double nozzles at end. A good general type of barrel outfit for commercial orchards. (After Hurst Mfg. Co.) Appliances. —Aside from se- lecting a good pump, you must also decide how much hose you want, how long an extension pipe will be needed, and the kind of nozzle. You must also state that you want whatever connections, washers, etc., will be needed to put the entire outfit in condition for use. It will also be an ad- vantage to have a stopcock at base of the extension pipe, so the spray can be cut off at any mo- ment to prevent waste. All these little appliances add more or less to the cost, but a suitable ar- rangement of them is the very making of a satisfactory outfit. For bucket, knapsack and com- pressed-air pumps, from six to ten feet of extra hose is enough, but for barrel pumps we advise at least fifteen feet of extra hose. The extension pipe should be six to ten feet long, according to the size of trees. We give preference to the "Vermorel" type of nozzles. The "Friend" nozzle (made by the Friend Manufacturing Company) is an excellent one, but costs more. We like to have a stopcock at base of extension pipe. MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN SPRAY PUMPS. It will be well to write to any or all of the following firms and ask for their illustrated catalogues and price-lists of spraying outfits, study them carefully, figure on the length of hose, extension pipe, etc., before placing your order. A few hardware firms in this State carry spray pumps in stock. Stdnor Pump and Well Company, Richmond, Va. Goulds Manufacturing Company, Seneca Falls, N. Y. Friend Manufacturing Company, Gasport, N. Y. Hurst Manufacturing Company, Canton, Ohio. Morrill & Morley, Benton Harbor, Mich. E. C. Brown Company, Rochester, N. Y. Spramotor Company, Buffalo, N. Y. SPRAYING DEMONSTRATIONS— Proof of Value of Spraying. For the past five years (including 1912) the Divisions of Entomology and Horticulture of the State Department of Agriculture have con- ducted jointly a series of public demonstrations in the spraying and pruning of orchard trees — especially apples. This account has to do only with the spraying, which is done by the Division of Entomolog}\ The Bulletin. 37 These demonstrations have now been repeated in so many years, and in every section of the State (east, middle and west), until the general results can not possibly be a matter of chance, and these results prove beyond dispute that the spraying of apples is profitable in all sections of the State. These demonstrations were made in the orchards of actual growers, and were advertised so that all who desired could be present and learn exactly how the work was done. A barrel spraying outfit was taken to each place, and the spray mixtures were made up in the presence of the audience. In each case three or four trees of good bearing size and age were selected and all treatments were given exactly as should be done in regular orchard practice. ISTot a single thing was done nor a single implement used that is not entirely practicable for the ordinary fruit grower of moderate or small means. We simply put science to the test on a practical job, and it justified the claims made for it. At most places one tree was sprayed on only one side, the other side receiving only what was accidentally blown or thrown upon it. This was to see if we could demonstrate the difference between the sprayed and unsprayed halves of the same tree. In most cases we have carried the work through two or three sprayings, but in others gave only the one treatment to show how the work was done. Out of all the demonstrations that were followed out there are only two that failed to give noticeably good results, these being at Mocksville, Davie County, and Kutherfordton, in Rutherford County, both in 1909. County Locality- Owner of Orchard Alamance - Btirlington, R. D. 7 \ L. W. Holt. Alexander Poors Knob R. B. Lowe. Bertie --- Aulander C. H. Warf. Caldwell - - --- Lenoir J. A. Dula.. Caldwell Lenoir, R. D. 3.. _ S. N. Swanson. Caldwell Adako J. T. Perkins. Catawba _.. Hickory L. J. Yount. Cleveland Shelby L. S. Hamrick. Cleveland.. - Casar Zero Mull. Davie Mocksville J. D. Hodges. Guilford Greensboro, R. D. 1 D. W. Ramseur. Henderson. - Dana Iredell _ Mooresville, R. D. 1. Jonathan Case. H. C. Johnston. Jackson Sylva i Geo. P. Miller. Johnston Clayton W. T. Stallings. Lincoln Reepsville _ D. C. Warlick. McDowell Old Fort H. M. Croom. Mitchell Sprucepine H. F. Lawrence. Robeson Red Springs. W. M. Roberts. Rowan Salisbiuy M. J. Bost. Rutherford Rutherfordton .! M. O. Dickerson. Scotland _. .; Lanrinburg.. W. DeB. McEachin. Stanly : Albemarle, R. D. 3 Dr. D. P. Whitley. Stokes. King J. W. Spainhour. Yadkin Courtney D. T. Reavis. Yancey Bald Creek C. L. McPetera. 38 The Bulletin. Where Work Was Done. — The places at which demonstrations were made and followed by later treatments and from which we received reports by the owners, are listed on page 37. In addition to these we have given single demonstrations to show the growers how to spray (but not followed by later treatments and not reported upon) at a number of other localities. Results. — Following are the reports made by these growers after the fruit had matured in the fall. Bear in mind that in no case did we give more than three sprayings, and had it been practicable for us to have given a summer spraying the results would doubtless have been even better than here shown. (Alamance County) Burlington, X. C. October 20, 1909. Dear Sir: — The foliage on the sprayed trees is green and fresh, while on the others there is scarcely a leaf. On the tree that was half sprayed the fruit was twice as large and perfect, while on the luisprayed side it was small and inferior. It did not look as if there could be so much difference. ]Many have noticed the ditterence in passing and asked the cause. I am convinced, and so are others, that we will have to sprav. Very truly. L. W. Holt. (Alexander County) Poors Knob, N. C, October 13, 1908. Dear Sir: — Your work liere was very satisfactory, as the foliage is yet green, whik^ the trees near l)y tliat were not sjirayed have lost most all their foliage. The fruit is much larger and nicer and less infested witii worms. Tlie half tree that was sprayed is bright and green and the fruit is fine, while the opposite side (not sprayed) has lost yery near all its foliage. All parties that have seen those trees say tliere is a great difference between the trees that were sprayed and the ones that were not. * * * Very truly yours, R. B. Lowe. (Bertie County) Aulander, N. C, November 23, 1909. Dear Sir: — The apples on the sprayed trees were some larger and about 40 per cent better than the others, and on the half-sprayed tree the part that was sprayed was at least 75 per cent better than the unsprayed part. C. F. Ware. (Caldwell County) Lenoir, N. C, October 7, 1908. My Dear Sir: — In regard to the apple trees your department sprayed last spring and summer. The foliage is still (October 7th) green and healthy, and the apples still hanging on the trees, sound and free from worms and bitter rot. The variety sprayed is my seedling, Dula Beauty. One-half of one tree was sprayed and the other half, which was not sprayed, shed its leaves and fruit more than three weeks since, and the fruit is on tlie ground rotten; and that is the condition of a large part of my orchard. I hope that the demonstration on ray place will emphasize the importance of spraying to obtain sound fruit. It is no longer an experiment. Respectfully, J. A. Dula. (Caldwell County) R. D. 3, Lenoir, N. C, November 7, 1911. Dear Sir: — Your work here was very satisfactory. The foliage is still green and healthy, and the apples still hanging on the trees, while the unsprayed trees near by have lost their foliage and the fruit did not amount to anything. All pprsons wlio have seen those trees say there is a great difference between the trees that were sprayed and the ones that were not. Yours truly, S. N. Swanson. The Bulletin. 39 . (Caldwell County) Adako, N. C. October (i, 1910. Dear Sir: — Your work here was very satisfactory, as the foliage is yet green, while inisprayed trees have lost most all their foliage. The fruit is much larger and nicer and less infested with worms. Tlie half tree that was sprayed is bright and green and the fruit is good, while the side not sprayed has lost all its foliage. Most every one that was here at the demonstration and have watched the trees say they are going to get spraying outfits for next year. With best wishes, etc., S. O. Perkins (for J. T. Perkins). (Catawba County) Hickory, N. C, November 17, 1909. Dear Sir: — The apples (Limbertwigs) have been gathered, and I am sure that the trees that were sprayed gave more apples and better apples than the un- sprayed trees, and held a green foliage longer. The apples were almost free from worms and did not rot near so bad as the apples of the unsprayed trees. They were very much improved in color and size. Yours truly, L. J. Yount. (Cleveland County) Shelby, N. C, December 10, 1909. Dear Sib: — Your work here was very satisfactory, as the foliage on November 15th was green on the trees that were sprayed, while the unsprayed trees had shed their foliage. The Shockley tree that was sprayed held its fruit much better and it was smoother and much larger than the (unsprayed) tree near by. The tree that was half sprayed showed marked difference — the fruit on the sprayed side was smooth and mucli larger, while on the side not sprayed the fruit rotted and was shedding all summer. L. S. Hamrick. (Cleveland County) Casar, N. C, November 12, 1911. Dear Sir: — I beg to state that the sprayed trees did not have more than a dozen apples on them, but of a better quality than the unsprayed trees and un- sprayed lialf-tree. Yes, quite a difference in fruit and foliage of sprayed and unsprayed trees. Zero Mull. (Davie County.) (Note. — This is one of the few where no special benefit was noticed.) MocKSViLLE, N. C, October 23, 1909. Dear Mr. Sherman: — The tree fully sprayed had no fruit on it. The foliage appeared to be fresher green than the unsprayed until late in September, when I expected the difference to be more manifest, but I could scarcely detect any difference. The tree half sprayed was a Winesap full of fruit. There was some apparent difference in favor of the sprayed half until late in season, when there seemed to be little or none. The apples on both the sprayed and unsprayed parts were good and free from worms. Yours truly, J. D. Hodges. (Guilford County) R. D. 1, Greensboro, N. C, November 12, 1909. Dear Sir: — The apple trees sprayed on my place showed a decided improve- ment; the Ben Davis was the finest I ever saw, so full, nearly free from rot, and hung on so long, while the fruit on the unsprayed tree right by it rotted and fell off' so that we got scarcely any good from them. The Winesap, however, had no fruit, but the foliage was greener and more free from brown spots. The neigh- bors seemed very much interested in the work all summer. Respectfully, D. W. Ramseue. (Henderson County) Dana, N. C, November 11, 1908. Dear Sir: — The Limbertwig apples have been gathered and marketed, and I am sure that the trees that were sprayed gave double the real value that tliree other corresponding ones (unsprayed) gave. More apples and better apples are the result. 40 The Bulletin. The trees held a green foliage for about three weeks . longer than those that were not sprayed, and the apples were almost free from worms and defects. The color was very much improved and the size larger and almost twice the number of bushels on the trees sprayed than there were on the same number of other trees not sprayed, of the same varieties, and grown under the same conditions. Yours very truly, Jonathan Case. (Iredell County) Mooresville, N. C, November 20, 1911. Dear 8ir: — One of the two sprayed trees died from lightning — the other one retained fruit to ripen — not a good crop, but good for this year as we had very little fruit. The one half-sprayed had some fruit on treated half — the other lialf nearly dead, no fruit at all, foliage not half as large, nor as much of it, nor as vigorous. I am firmly convinced that it pays to spray. Will try the lime and sulphur in the spring. Yours, H. C. Johnston. (Jackson County) Sylva, N. C, October 8, 1908. Dear Sir: — The sprayed apple trees show the benefits of spraying more defi- nitely now than they did in July. At this date (October 8) the foliage and fruit are far better than other trees (unsprayed) of the same variety near by. We have had several hard frosts this month, yet the foliage is still green, lux- uriant, and dense; the apples are cleaner, larger, and still growing. The sprayed trees are very much better in every way. Yours respectfully, George P. Miller. (Johnston County) Clayton, N. C, November 23, 1909. Dear Sir: — ^The foliage is still large on the trees that were sprayed. On the tree that was half-sprayed the sprayed foliage is large, while on the unsprayed half there is scarcely any. The fruit was some larger and the yield was some greater. The tree whose fruit has always rotted did not have many, but they remained until they ripened; the fruit was smooth and nice, and I am well pleased with the spraying. Respectfully, W. T. Stallings. (Lincoln County) Reepsville, N. C, October 14, 1909. Dear Sir: — The tree that you sprayed all over was not a fair test, as part of it died this summer and the other part is not healthy. The tree that was half sprayed and half not, shows marked difi'erence, the leaves on sprayed side being green and more free from rust than the unsprayed. We gathered some as fine Blackburns ott' a tree that you sprayed as I ever saw, and they had no worms. Everybody that has seen the apples off sprayed and uilsprayed trees say that it pays to spray. The people around here have taken an interest in spraying their fruit trees. Very respectfully, D. C. Warlick. (McDowell County) Old Fort, N. C, November 23, 1909. Dear Sir: — Have waited for full developments to report, and have asked sev- eral neighbors and friends to express opinion, and they readily agree with me that there is profit in spraying apples. Apples are prettier, larger, and smoother than before. The top of the trees not reached did not have as nice fruit. Leaves kept green longer than on the other trees. The greatest difference was seen in the tree only sprayed on one side, both as to fruit and foliage. Neighbors have asked for apples to show inquirers. All are pleased with results. The fruit is much nicei-. Yours truly, H. M. Croom. The Bulletin. 41 (Mitchell County) Sprucepine, N. C, October 24, 1909. Dear Sir: — Our fruit was a total failure (frost and freezes), only one apple from about 200 trees. I could see a slight difference in foliage of trees sprayed; it seemed a little darker than on the unsprayed. There are no good ipples within eight miles of this place this year. Yours truly, H. F. Lawrence. (Robeson County) Red Springs, N. C, October 23, 1909. Dear Sir: — The foliage on sprayed trees is green now; on the other trees about all off. The fruit stayed on until ripe and we used it. [Had always rotted prematurely before. — F. S.] The apples on the half-tree that was sprayed were about twice as large as on the half unsprayed, and were more free from worms, rots, and better in every way. I certainly think spraying pays. Yours, etc., W. M. Roberts. (Rowan County) Salisbury, N. C, October 22, 1910. Sir: — The tree that was half sprayed the apples are larger and the foliage seemed to stay on better. The apples did rot considerably, but not as bad as on the half not sprayed. As to the others, the leaves stayed on better, but I can't tell any difference in the apples — they rotted as bad as ever, but I didn't think they were as wormy as in other years. Yours truly, M. J. BosT. (Rutherford County.) (Note. — This is another of the few cases where no noticeable benefit was re- ported. ) Rutherfordton, N. C, November 22, 1909. Dear Sir: — I am sorry to have to report that I see no benefit derived from the spraying. It might have been owing to the late spring frost or other natural cause that I am unable to account for. Yours very truly, M. 0. Dickerson. (Scotland County) Laurinburg, N. C. December 10, 1909. Dear Sir: — The tree that was half sprayed died and the fruit did not mature. I can only say that the foliage on the sprayed half was better, and the fruit — what there was of it — was larger and healthier than the rest. The part that was sprayed was the last to die. The other small tree died out completely, and bore no fruit at all. The large tree was all right and as pretty as you ever saw, but had only a very few apples on it, but these were nicer than it ever bore before. This tree is living and looks well. The trees in the orchard were beginning to blight when you came, and it seems that you struck the wrong ones. The large tree held its fruit until it was fully ripe — something it never did before. Very truly, W. DeB. McEachin. (Stanly County) R. F. D. 3, Albemarle, N. C, October 13, 1910. My Dear Sir:— The Winesap apple tree that you sprayed for me still has sev- eral bushels of nice apples on it, the leaves still have the rich, healthy color, while another Winesap tree of same age standing beside it (not sprayed) shed' all its apples more than a month ago. The tree which was half sprayed showed a marked contrast in quality of fruit; also, there is quite a contrast in foliage. I have a spraying outfit, and intend to spray thoroughly next year. Thanking you. Yours truly, D. P. Whitley, M.D. 42 The Bulletin. (Stokes County) King, X. C, October 7, 1908. Dear Sir: — The foliage and fruit on the Winesap trees were fine — the fruit almost perfect, and the foliage at this writing (October 7th) is fresh and green. On the Maiden Blush tree the fruit was fine, but did not keep as well as it should have done. I sold three bushels to a canner, and they told me these were the only apples they found with no worms in them. Foliage on this tree is now fresh and green. Two other trees of the same variety, right near the one sprayed, have foliage all oS', and did not get an apple from either one fit to use. The Magnum Bonum tree — half sprayed and half not — showed marked diff'er- ence in the fruit on the sprayed side; the fruit on the side that was sprayed was much larger and finer. Ihe foliage on that side is now fresh and green; on the side not sprayed, nearly all otf. Respectfully yours, J. W. Spainhoitr. (Yadkix County) Courtney, X. C, Xovember 14, 1911. Dear Sir: — I noticed no difierence in the quantity of apples but vast diff'er- ence in quality. Fully 90 per cent on sprayed Ben Davis tree ripened without specking, free from worms, while not 10 per cent of them matured on unsprayed trees. The same was true of the half-sprayed tree. The foliage remained green on sprayed trees until killed by the late freeze, while unsprayed trees were barren of their foliage. Had I spent $40 or $50 for spraying material and work I would have realized several hundred dollars from my orchard this season, whereas I only received a few dollars. Respectfully, D. T. Reavis. (Yancey County) Bald Creek, N. C, October 27, 1910. Dear Sir: — I can truly say there is no comparison between the sprayed trees and those not sprayed. Ihe bulk of my apples were killed by the last freeze in spring. Where we did not spray they almost all fell off', and what did not were spoiled by scab; on the trees that were sprayed, what fruit was not killed by the freeze hung on well and was smooth and nice, with few defects, and the foliage is still green. Same on the half-tree that was sprayed, while the half not sprayed the leaves and apples both dropped off". I am fully satisfied. The only road out is to continue to spray — and spray heavy at that. With best regards, Yours, etc., C. L. McPeters. Discussion of These Results.— it will be seen that of all the reports only two or three indicate disappointment, and the two things which proved most troublesome to the tests were the late frosts and the ten- dency of apples to rot in early fall. The rotting of fruit in early fall can be controlled largely by summer spraying, as indicated on page 25. But in all of these demonstrations we have depended only on spring treatments, and have never given a summer spraying. The latest date on which any of the trees in these demonstrations were sprayed was May 29 (at Old Fort, in 1909). We can not expect a spraying given at that early date to completely protect the fruit from rot in late August and September, so that occasional partial failure on that point is to be expected. Yet even with these spring treatments the majority of re- ports show that the sprayed apples rotted very much less than those not _ sprayed. The two men who report absolutely no noticeable benefits are Mr. J. D. Hodges, of Moeksville, and Mr. M. O. Dickerson, of Rutherfordton, both in 1909. It may be that we did not reach these places at just the right time to give the treatments to best advantage. Many of our The Bulletin. 43 sprayings have been given either just before, during, or immediately after heavy rains. In this matter of hitting exactly the right time, the fruit grower on his own place can do better than we, who must make our trips to suit a number of different varieties in different localities. Only two complete failures from so many tests is very gratifying. Then, too, these few failures will serve to show us that spraying isn't perfect — that it won't do everything. There will come times when the apples will rot or the Codling Moth will be destructive in spite of the most careful spraying. We must acknowledge some limitations. But the great point is that, taken year after year under all sorts of condi- tions, spraying can generally be relied upon to protect our trees and fruits from the majority of their enemies — and the results are very, very profitable. The persons who made report were all persons who had not been in the habit of spraying, and most of them had never before seen a spray pump in use. That they were fully convinced is shown by the fact that a number of them have since bought up-to-date spraying outfits and are now spraying their trees regularly. 44 The Bulletin. PART III. ORCHARD PROTECTION. In the first part of this Bulletin we discussed the San Jose Scale and the methods of controlling it, and this puts the matter in such shape that any grower can control this pest. In the second part we discussed the whole general subject of orchard spraying, and the methods outlined will control practically all of our orchard pests that can be controlled by spraying. It now remains for us in this third part of this Bulletin to show the work that is being done for the general protection of our orchards, that is to find the scale where it does exist, to ascertain its prevalence, to show the conditions to the growers, and, so far as practicable, to prevent needless spread of serious troubles. ORCHARD INSPECTIONS. The prevalence of the San Jose Scale in many parts of the State, and the great harm that it often does before it is discovered by the grower, plainly indicates the value of maintaining a systematic inspection of the commercial orchards of the State. Accordingly the Board of Agricul- ture, at its regular meeting in December, 1906, provided for the employ- ment of an assistant in the Division of Entomology to be especially assigned to the work of inspecting the orchards and nurseries of the State. The work was begun in February, 1907, with Mr. L. M. Smith as in- spector, and he continued until September, when he resigned. He was succeeded by Mr. S. C. Clapp, of Guilford County, who has continued since that time. It is to be remembered, however, that nearly half of the time is given to the nursery inspection and work connected with it, and the orchard inspection worh here reported upon represents only a part of the work of the inspector. Object and Methods of Work.— The object of this work is to assist our fruit growers to discover serious insect pests, if they are present, and to g^ve timely suggestions for treatment of trees before the trees are fatally injured. The Inspector carries a blank book, in which a separate sheet is filled out for each orchard inspected. These are sent in to the ofiice, and when San Jose Scale is found full information and suggestions are sent to the owner of the orchard. The Inspector does not examine every tree, but the orchard is walked through in several directions, a few limbs being examined here and there throughout. Both the fruit grower and the Inspector ask and answer questions freely. Suggestions are given as to spraying, mixtures to be used, etc. If San Jose Scale is found, the grower is taught to know it, and the methods of combating it are ex- plained. While it may happen that the scale is present and overlooked, The Bulletin. 45 yet the owner may know that if it were at all widespread and doing damage it would likely be found, and he is therefore relieved of present anxiety if it is not found. Results. —We have been able to see some very decided and beneficial results from this work. In very many cases we have been able to find the San Jose Scale in time to give the owner opportunity to treat it before serious injury is done. A letter from western Catawba County, where Mr. Clapp spent several days inspecting, says : "There will be fourteen new sprayers put into use in this section this year that I know of." A letter received from Mount Airy, where we have done consid- erable inspection work, says : ''There is much more spraying being done than formerly — fully ten times as much as in any previous year." Even from one of the eastern counties where there is very little fruit grown for sale we received a letter which said that a considerable number had started spraying. This spring (1912) Mr. Clapp reported that it seems to him that far more spraying is being done this year than he has ever seen before. This is the sort of evidence that counts for something, and must mean much to our fruit industry if the spraying is properly done, at the right time, and with the right materials. Summary of Orchard Inspection Work.— The following table gives in condensed form an account of the orchard inspection work to April, 1912, showing the number in which San Jose Scale was found, etc. : ORCHARD INSPECTIONS FOR SAN JOSE SCALE— FEBRUARY, 1907 TO APRIL, 1912. Counties ll 2 i 3 O o 03 III lll Apple Peach Pear Plum Cherry 3 o a. 3 Aln.Tnn.nre 23 20 1 7 5 1 14 1 14 15 1 54 5 36 1 9 1 2 4 29 6 4 2 52 19 3 ...... 2 1 6 13 9 1 52 1 27 9 1 1 4 29 5 2 2 47 9,153 19,827 300 4,269 7,038 360 15,277 213 3,758 5,915 4,650 9,994 4,786 9,456 1,534 6,263 656 2,170 3,860 6,055 5,152 4,510 3,752 29, 244 4,175 18, 975 300 3,850 754 100 8,045 200 1,290 5,330 250 3,676 2,425 3,442 700 865 50 550 375 1,587 870 2,200 2,700 10.310 3,015 650 1,606 14 170 79 164 109 23 Alexander Ashe Avery 250 6,115 50 6,618 28 72 200 88 2 196 45 800 1,416 14 1,788 120 120 150 270 50 268 295 875 114 4,218 16 31 10 151 6 78 4 100 185 225 145 7 283 100 35 88 12 45 8 624 85 10 40 Beaufort.. . ... 56 Brunswick « Buncombe 233 5 89 60 204 10 228 2 66 6 142 Burke Cabarrua 2,105 476 3,000 4,500 2,100 3,831 700 4,940 450 ■ 1,250 3,400 3,995 3,475 1,310 575 13, 795 Caldwell Carteret ... 500 Catawba _ 13 Cherokee 12 Cleveland 22 Craven 5 Cumberland Davidson 9 Davie Duplin Durham 101 50 80 40 241 16 Edgecombe Forsyth Granville Guilford 450 315 56 46 The Bulletin. ORCHARD INSPECTIONS FOR SAN JOSE SCALE— Continued. Counties Van Orchard Co. Niagara Grape & Fruit Co. Palmer, Jno. . Pomona, (Orchard near So. Pines) Southern Pines Southern Pines. 1,000 Parker, W. L Niagara Southern Pines Richards, Jos. F Smith, Noah Jackson Springs, R.D. 1.. _ Tilghman, J. H Southern Pines Nash____ Robbins, H. C Sharpsburg Rocky Mount, R. D. l.._. Efland, R. D. 2 Durham, R. D. 5 Chapel Hill 500 1,500 500 500 2,000 Williams, M. T Hobbs, Jno. R... _-_ Orange White, C. C Williams, H. H 800 3,000 1,000 Pender. Corbett, W. M., Jr Learned, Lyman ._ Olga Burgaw Polk Burgess, N. C. Dennis.. .. 800 1,200 500 Bushnell, J. C Saluda... Saluda . . Chisholm, W. B Llndsey, W. T McCrain, Edgar Tryon 800 Walker . Dana, R. D. 1 Dennis Fishtop 500 600 900 McCraw, J. A McMurray, A. G .. 600 500 Pace, Thos. E Thompson, Wm Williams, P. D Walker 1,000 500 1,000 Millspring, R. D. 1 Asheboro 2,800 500 Randolph Hammer, Wm. C. . Hobbs, C. H Newmarket- 1,500 Richmond Spivey, A. D Ellerbe 500 800 Robeson_ McDonald, W. J Wakulla Rockingham.- Cunningham, C. D ._ Pratt, Thos. R Benaja, R. D. 1 Madison Madison, R. D. 1 1,000 2,000 1,500 2,000 Price, Jas. S 500 500 500 500 600 Price, Jas. V Winston Rowan Hall, W. A Salisbury, R. D. 5 Williams, W. W Salisbury, R. D. 1 1,200 Rutherford... Bridges, A. M... EUenboro 500 Flack, J. M Bat Cave 500 1,000 Fradv, D. F Uree 500 Harrill, W. H Bostic, R. D. 3 500 Haynes, Berry Uree ___ ... 500 Henderson, Mrs. Dora Chimney Rock 1,000 56 The Bulletin. I County Rutherford . Sampson Stokes Surry Name Address Bostic. R. D. 2 MUlspring. R. D. 1 Keener. R. D. 1 Keener, R. D. 1 Pinnacle Pilot Mountain, R. D. 1. Mount Airy, R. D. 6 Apple Peach Pear Plum Brim... Brim Roaring Gap, R. D. 1. Roaring Gap, R. D. 7. Swain Vance ... Warren... Watauga. Wayne. Wilkes.. Martin, Jno Williams, P. D Britt, J. H Hobbs, T. A Slate, J. S Ashburn, J. A Banner Orchard Co. .. (J. M. Dix, Mgr.) Brim, T. L Brim, W. M Combs, E. S Combs, N. P Cooper, J. C. (estate) { Dobson. Critz, R. D. Mount Airy, R. D. 3 Dison, Robt.. ...' Mount Airy, R. D. 5 Franklin, Chas. W ! Mount Airy Gardner, Jno. W Mount Airy, R. D. 3 Jones, A. S Mount Airy, R. D. 4 Jones, T. A Mount Airy, R. D. 3 Lewis, S. T Brim, R. D. 1 McCargo & Smith Mount Airy Merritt, W. E Mount Airy Miller, J. F Elkin, R. D. 1 Moore, M. D Mount Airy Mt. Airy Orchard Co. Ladonia Reeves, J. T Mount Airy, R. D. 1 Scott, P. G Shoals Sparger Orchard Co Mount Airy Wolfe, Wm. H Roaring Gap, R. D. 1 Woodruff, T. N Lowgap York, W. J Mount Airy, R. D. 4.... Black, S. W Bryson City Bryson, T. D Bryson City Fry, A. M Bryson City Randall, C. E.... Bryson City, R. D. 1 Continental Plant Co Kittrell Agelasto, P. A Norfolk, (Orchard near Macon.) Austin, W. L Blowing Rock Brown, J. D Blowing Rock Cone Moses, H. (estate) ..' Blowing Rock Downs, C. W Blowing Rock Green, R. W... Summit, R. D. 1 Killian, S. E Hickory Phillips, H. C Sweetwater Reece, B. F Zionville Underdown, E. G Blowing Rock Valle Crucis Orchard ._, Valle Crucis (H. A. Dobbin, Mgr.) Wilson, A: J \ Zionville, R. D. 1.. Wilson, J. A. J Zionville, R. D. 1 Granger, W. P Goldsboro Ashley, J. H Poor's Knob, R. D. 1 Barnett, W. H .: Poor's Knob, R. D. 1 Bentley, W. A ' Poor's Knob Beny, W. W.... ' Wilkesboro, R. D. 2 Brayhill, W. A Poor's Knob, R. D. 2 Call, Clarence. North Wilkesboro Childers, J. M Taylorsville, R. D. 3. 1,000 2,000 3,400 8,000 ."iOO 700 2,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 800 3,000 500 600 500 500 700 500 800 500 500 1,100 500 800 1,200 500 1,800 5,500 500 500 6,000 500 500 1,000 2,250 2,500 500 800 650 4,000 33,000 700 800 1,000 600 700 2,000 1,500 1,200 5.50 500 700 1,500 700 700 2,000 2.000 1,800 500 7,000 500 500 The Bulletin. 57 County Name Address Apple Peach Pear Plum Wilkes "navio T w Poor's Knob. R. D. 1 1,500 Moravian Falls 1,200 1.000 600 3.000 i TTflaill R M Moravian Falls | Wllkesboro Finiev T B ■Plpfplipr H "P Poor's Knob, R. D. 1 1,000 1,000 C+..0-.W 5 nnn i c'i-.i_V,«*. 7 T' 1 OfilrwnnHH 1 -^00 ' Fortner, J. G. ' Poor's Knob, R. D. 2 i Fox, C. H Poor's Knob. R. D. 2 i 1.500 500 500 1,100 600 1,300 600 . 600 2,000 500 1,000 500 500 500 1,100 1,800 600 3,000 600 2,200 1,000 Lowe, C. A -1 Lowe, E. F Lowe. J. F T f^TO*» W P Poor's Knob, R. D i Poor's Knob, R. D. 2 Poor's Knob, R. D. 1 ' Poor's Knob, R. D. 1 Roomer R. D. 1 1,000 MvAra W n Oabornville - Pfirlon T T* Wilkesboro Poor's Knob, R. D. 1 Poor's Knob, R. D. 1 Poor's Knob, R. D. 1 Charlotte, box 87,.- Poor's Knob. R. D. 2 ■NTnrth Wilkp'ihnro Robinson. C. W Rock, Wm. D Russell, Jefferson Smoot, C. C. & Co Oakwoods Wilkesboro Poor's Knob, R. D. 1 Wilson.. Cana R. D. 1 Rvflnnr W A 1,000 Wike, D. R Jenkins, J. T. \ . Privett,A.A. ) P^^ners.. Brandon, F. F Casstevens, M. A Garner, S. W Wilklns, Dr. G. W Banks, W. B Byrd. S. G. TPrlTxrorf^ta T AT Wilson 1 2.400 500 Yadkin 550 600 10,000 Booneville R. D. 1 . .. Yadkinville, R. D. 1 1,500 10,000 Yancey Yadkinville, R. D. 1 Burnsville Swiss Wampler Bald Creek 10,000 500 1,500 500 700 500 1 1,600 1,200 3,000 10,000 700 600 i 1,200 ' 1,000 i j Hibha A L i... 1 Hensley, W. H McCracken. R. H. McPeters. C. L Penland, J. R. Penland, J. R.. Proffitt, H. A Ray. R. F Wray, W. B...-. ■Raid Creek Flinty Bald Creek t 1 j 1 1 ■Raid Creek 1 1 1 Bald Creek 1 1 1 * 58 The Bulletin. NOTICE. The Division of Entomology makes a study of insects, especially those which are to be found in North Carolina. It is our duty to give information about the life, habits, injuries, and remedies for in- sects. When practicable, specimens should accompany inquiries. They may be sent in tight wooden or strong pasteboard box with enough of their natural food to last several days. Never send insects in a letter, and never in a bottle, unless preserved in alcohol. All packages should be neat, and should have the name and address of the ender plainly marked on the outside. Additions to our collec- tion of the insects of the State are earnestly desired. Special instruc- tions for those interested in collecting, mounting, and preserving in- sects will be sent on request. Below is a list of the publications of this Division any of Avhich will be mailed on request, so far as our supply will allow. Those marked * are not available. Entomological Circulars. *No. 1. The Hessian Fly. No. 2. The Cotton Boll-worm (discussed in Monthly Bulletin for June, 1908). No. 3. The Round-head Apple Borer. *No. 4. Spraying Apparatus (discussed in this Bulletin). *No. 5. Lime-Sulphur Wash (discussed in this Bulletin). No. 6. Spraying Apples and Pears (discussed in this Bulletin). *No. 7. The Peach Tree Borer. No. 8. The Harlequin Cabbage Bug (discussed in Monthly Bulletin for July, 1911). No. 9. The Potato Beetle. No. 10. Kerosene Emulsion (discussed in this Bulletin). No. 11. The San Jose Scale (discussed in this Bulletin). No. 12. The Strawberry Weevil. No. 13. Lime-Sulphur Wash (discussed in this Bulletin). No. 14. The Cotton Boll Weevil (discussed in Bulletine June, 1908). No. 15. Collecting and Preserving Insects. No. 16. The Cotton Leaf Worm (discussed in Bulletin June, 1908). No. 17. Bordeaux Mixture. No. 18. Entomology That the Farmer Should Know. *No. 19. Suggestions to Purchasers of Nursery Stock (discussed in this Bulletin). No. 20. The Codling Moth. No. 21. Erroneous Reports of Cotton Boll Weevil. No. 22. Regulations concerning Nursery Trade. *No. 23. Orchard Inspections, 1907 (included in this Bulletin). No. 24. Spraying Demonstrations, 1908 (included in this Bulletin). No. 25. The House Fly. No. 26. Remedies for San Jose Scale (included in this Bulletin). No. 27. Regulation Regarding Cotton Boll Weevil. No. 28. Orchard Spraying (discussed in this Bulletin). The Bulletin. 59 Monthly Bulletins of State Department of Agriculture. *Juiie, 1901— Injurious Insects. June, 1903 — Injurious Insects — Spraying. May, 1905 — Insect Enemies of Corn. May, 1907 — San Jose Scale and Remedies (discussed in this Bulletin). June, 1907 — San Jose Scale in Xortli Carolina (discussed in this Bulletin). January, 1908 — Bee-keeping in I^orth Carolina. June, 1908 — Insect Enemies of Cotton. June, 1909 — Orchard Spraying (discussed in this Bulletin). October, 1909 — Insect Enemies of Tobacco. July, 1911 — Insect Enemies of Cabbage. June, 1912 — (This Bulletin) San Jose Scale, Spraying, Etc. All correspondence on these subjects should be addressed to Division" of Entomology, State Department Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. Franklin Sherman, Jr., Entomologist. C. L. Metcalf, Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp, Assistant in Field Work. I k LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR APRIL, 1912. Pounds sold for producers, first hand 1,655,305 Pounds sold for dealers 125,037 Pounds resold for warehouses 209,001 Total .- 1,989,343 LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR MAY, 1912. Pounds sold for producers, first hand 184,450 Pounds sold for dealers 47,270 Pounds resold for warehouses 17,823 Total 249,543 EDWARDS & BROUQHTON PRINTING CO., RALEIGH, N. C. THE BULLETIN OF THB NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTWIENT OF AGRICULTURE. RALEIGH. Vol. 33, No. 6. SUPPLEMENT, JUNE, 1912. Whole No. 169. LIBRARY NEW YORK. aOTANICAL CORN CULTURE IN NORTH CAROLINA PUBLISHED AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-ofRce at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter Fairfield .__First District. K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District. R. L. WooDAHD Pamlico Third District. I. H. Kearney Franklinton Fourth District. R. W. Scott.. Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McCallum Red Springs ..Sixth District. J. P. McRae Laurinburg.. Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District. W. J. Shuford Hickory Ninth District. A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner. ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. Pescud ^ Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn. Bulletin Clerk. B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. PiCKEL -A^ssistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley Assistant Chemist. E. L. WoRTHEN Soil Investigations. •W. E. Hearn 1 Soil Survey. W. H. Strowd Assistant Chemist. J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist. E. W. Thornton Assistant Chemist. J. K. Plummer. Soil Chemist. S. O. Perkins ..Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch - - Clerk. F. S. Pcckett Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum. T. W. .A.DICKES Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist. Z. P. Metcalf Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN Veterinarian. B. B. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. EATON Dairyman. R. W. Graeber Assistant Dairyman. A. M. Flanery Assistant Dairyman. W. N. HUTT. Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist. O. M. Clark Second Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARIvER Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray Assistant Director Farmers' Institutes. W. M. ALLEN . Pure Food Chemist. W. A.. Smith . Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. L TILLMAN Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS. Agronomist. G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist. tE. G. MOSS Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. fE. H. Matheson Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C. R. Hudson.. Farm Demonstration Work. T. F. Parker Assistant, Boys' Corn Club Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. CoLLETT, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. 'Assigned by the Bureau of Soib, United States Department of Agriculture. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. RALEIGH. Vol. 33, No. 6. SUPPLEMENT, JUNE, 1912. Whole No. 170. ANALYSES OF KEROSENE BY L. B. LOCKHART, State Oil Chemist. SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. ANALYSES OF KEROSENE.- The standards for kerosene in this State are a flash point of not less than 100° F. with the Elliott closed cup, and not more than 6 per cent undistillable residue at 570° F., except that oils having a gravity of 47° Baume or higher niav contain not to exceed 10 per cent of residue. CARE OF LAMPS. Poor lights are often caused by the condition of lamps and wicks. The lamp should be filled and the charred portion of the wick removed each time before lighting. ]S[ew wicks should be put in every month. Used wicks should be dried before the fire every two weeks and put back into the oil while still warm. The wick is the vital part of the lamp. Do not try to economize by using clogged wicks. Wicks are cheaper than oil or eye- sight. The secret of a good light is a good oil, a clean chimney, and a dry, well-trimmed Avick. Chimneys may be easily cleaned by blowing the breath into the chimney and wiping out with a newspaper or a dry cloth free from grease. If these directions are followed there will be less trouble from poor lights. QUALITY OF KEROSENE. In judging the quality of a sample of kerosene of satisfactory flash point all of the following facts should be considered : It should be water-white in color and otherwise well refined. A good oil may be ruined by careless treatment in tanks and barrels. It should have a large per cent of oil distilling below 250° C, and the residue at 300° C. (572° F.) should usually be less than 5 per cent. The Baume gravity should be well above 43 degrees. Burning tests should show a steady flame of good quality and good illuminating power. METHODS OF ANALYSIS. The oils were distilled by the continuous Engler method, so modified as to complete the distillation in 25 minutes. The samples were burned with a Xo. 1 sun hinge burner for three days of eight hours each. The condition of the flame and wick was then noted. 'Toor" indicates a strong tendency of the flame ''to go to pieces" with a marked encrusting of the wick, or with cinder formation. OILS TESTED. The analyses given are for all samples taken from original containers by inspectors during the first four months of 1912, except that where the sample of any brand was already sufficient for a complete test only the January and February samples were included. The tests were made on a composite sample of each brand. ♦Approved by W. A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture. ANALYSES OF KEROSENE. c; e g 2 flj ^ I Name of Oil. Name of Oil Company. o C3 98 91 5 3 1 1 75 5 2 16 7 2 1^ 1 9 4 1 2 1 Aladdin Security Diamond White Water-white Carnadine Red Illuminating Pratt 's Astral Crystallite Lone Star RedKerosene Familylite Headlight "A" Red"C" White "C" Aurora Water-white - Aurora Red Headlight "A" Water-white Blue Grass Water-white Soline Radium White Star Superba Bright Kerosene N. C. Test White.... Green Seal White Green Seal Red Orion. Crystal Electric Safety > O e 3 n Is .Oj Standard Oil Co 106 ....do 104 -...do 106 ....do 102 ----do -- 104 ----do 110 TheTe.xasCo 108 ....do 108 ....do 106 ....do ! 110 .-..do ' 108 Red "C" Oil Mfg. Co 114 ....do 114 ....do. 116 ....do ....I 114 ---.do I 116 Indian Refining Co | 116 --..do 116 Cape Fear Oil Co 120 Crown Oil and Wax Co 110 .-..do ..-- 106 National Oil Co 108 -...do 108 -...do 108 ....do '. 104 Freedom Oil Works ' 110 -.--do 110 --..do "110 Petroleum Oil Co 118 j Richmond Oil Co 120 43.9 43.4 43.6 44.0 42.7 48.2 45.5 46.2 45.9 46.3 46.3 48.1 48.3 42.6 43.0 48.0 42.6 42.6 43.1 47.6 43.6 43.4 47.3 43.9 43.7 47.1 47.3 45.5 43.2 42.4 S I'' "Oft i. Condition of Flame and Wiclc at the End of 24 Hours Burning. 79 3.2 75 4.1 85 1.7 81 2.9 78 2.1 80 3.9 89 1.7 88 1.9 88 2.0 88 1.7 87 1.7 79 2.1 80 2.3 79 3.6 78 4.0 80 1.5 79 4.0 79 4.0 78 4.8 72 6.2 83 1.7 78 3.7 65 9.0 80 2.9 78 2.9 68 8.1 70 7.7 73 5.0 80 3.3 78 3.5 Fair to poor. Poor. Good to fair. Fair to poor. Good. Fair. Poor. Good. Good. Good. Good. Poor. Poor. Fair to poor. Fair. Good. Good. Fair to poor. Fair. Good. Good to fair. Fair. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Corn Soils of the State 5 Black Lauds 5 Gray Soils 5 Red Soils 6 Mountain Soils 6 Preparation of Seed Bed 7 Green Manuring — "Souring" of Soil 7 Plowing 8 Seeding the Cover Crop 9 Spring Preparation 10 Conservation of Moisture 10 Selection and Preparation of Seed . 11 Breeding Plat 12 Preservation 13 Germination Test 13 Fertilization 14 Planting 15 Date of Planting .' 15 Depth of Planting 16 Thickness of Planting 16 Cultivation 17 Harvesting 1 Rotations 19 Corn Judging 21 Score-card 22 Varieties and Variety Tests 24 Best Variety 31 Corn Production in North Carolina 31 Corn Yields in North Carolina 32 Corn Yields by Counties 32 Sources of Seed Tested in 1911 34 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Sir : — I have the honor to submit herewith a manuscript on Corn Culture in North Carolina. This is a short general treatise on the sub- ject of corn culture in the State and includes the variety test work done by the Agronomy Division of this Department during 1911. This is intended as a companion bulletin to "Cotton Culture in ISTorth Carolina," both of which were formerly combined and issued under one cover. I recommend the publication of this manuscript as a supplement to the June Bulletin of this Department. Respectfully, J. L. Burgess, Agronomist. Hon. "W. a. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. CORN CULTURE IN NORTH CAROLINA. CORN SOILS OF THE STATE. Perhaps every farmer who has a field or a farm rich in organic and mineral matter, and not subject to overflow or too retentive of moisture, feels that he has a good corn soil, and so he has. It has been aptly and wisely said that when it comes to growing corn there is "more in the man than there is in the land." Nevertheless, there is not an experienced farmer in the State who does not have his choice of soils for corn production. While any good farmer can grow a fair crop of corn, even on the sandhill region of the State, still, with the same effort, the same farmer can grow a much larger crop of corn on the Toxaway loam, the Cecil clay, the i^orfolk fine sandy loam, the Portsmouth fine sandy loam, or the black lands of Hyde and Beaufort counties. THE BLACK LANDS. There are no better corn soils in the United States than are the black fine sandy loam, muck, and peaty soils of Hyde, Beaufort, Washington, and other of the coast counties. These deep, black, peaty lands have been for thousands of years in process of formation from the inter- mingling of decaying vegetable matter with the fertile leachings brought down by the streams from the more elevated areas of the State, Not only so, but in the prehistoric lagoonal areas, that now underlie these peaty lands, swarmed myriads of fishes and Crustacea that left their remains in the form of marl beds which now furnish lime for various agricultural purposes throughout this section. Thousands of acres of these black soils are already under cultivation and large drainage enter- prises are yearly opening up thousands of additional acres for the grow- ing of corn, soja beans, potatoes, etc. Here we have the highest average corn yield in the State, which has made this section famous for its corn crop. THE GRAY SOILS. Organic matter and well-drained land are prime requisites to success- ful corn growing in North Carolina. As we proceed westward from the eastern counties we find the soils growing more sandy and lighter in color, due to the evident lack of vegetable matter. But one will be surprised to see the large crops of corn grown on this relatively poor soil by the liberal use of cowpeas, crimson clover, vetch, soja beans, etc., plowed under as green manure, supplemented by a limited amount of commercial fertilizer. The former furnishes needed organic matter which in itself supplies nitrogen and renders available 6 The Bulletin. quantities of otherwise inert mineral plant foods inherent in the soil itself. The latter adds plant food and corrects certain deleterious soil conditions. Practically the whole of the coastal plain lying between the eastern black-land district and the lower piedmont section is covered by the gray sandy soils. Robeson County produces more corn than any other county in the State, and it is composed almost entirely of the gray sandy loam lands. The leading corn-soil types found in this section are the Norfolk fine sandy loam, the Norfolk sandy loam, and one or two members of the Portsmouth series. THE RED SOILS. Lying to the westward of the gray-soil region we find a large develop- ment of red lands. Some of these have red soil and red subsoil. They grade in texture from sandy loams to clay loams and clays. Most of these soils belong to the Cecil series, though not an unimportant area is comprised in the strong corn soils of the Mecklenburg group. All of these soils, like the gray lands of the coastal plains section, will do their best only in the presence of liberal amounts of vegetable matter. These red lands are generally well suited to the growth of red clover, tall meadow oat, orchard and some other grasses, and produce highest yields of corn when these grass and clover sods have been plowed under the previous fall or winter. YELLOW A^'D DARK SOILS OF THE MOUXTAIXS. In the mountain section corn docs especially well in the bottom-lands of the New, the French Broad, and the Swannanoa rivers, along which deep, rich deposits composed of fine sand, silt, and clay, intermingled with organic matter and soluble fertilizing materials washed from the mountain-sides, have been laid down during the annual flood seasons. The Porter's loam and clay loam of the uplands produce good corn when properly handled, but the leading corn lands of this region are found in the Toxawav soils alone; the above-named streams. The Toxaway soils are generally of a dark color, due to the presence of large amounts of organic matter. The surface is generally level to gently rolling, a characteristic of alluvial soils everywhere. Where poorly drained, tiling is generally feasible. They are subject to over- flow, but this fact does not deter the farmer from pitching his crop on them, because, in spite of the susceptibility to overflow, good crops are nearly always grown on these rich bottom-lands. The Porter's soils of the uplands usually have a yellowish colored soil and subsoil, the latter frequently grading into a reddish-brown color. Though generally steep-sided, fields of this soil do not erode so rapidly as one not accustomed to these mountain lands would imagine. The rains soak rapidly into the soil and break out at lower levels as mountain springs. Clover and grass do exceptionally well on these lands, and when corn is grown in a rotation with these crops good yields are obtained. The Bulletin. PREPARATION OF SEED BED. As pointed out above, practically all the corn soils of tlie State except the black lands of the east will profit by the addition of liberal amounts of some cheap form of organic matter. Perhaps the cheapest form iu which humus can be obtained is that of green manures and crop residues. Xext to this in cheapness is stable manure, of which 90 per cent of the farmers have little more than enough for their gardens and a light top dressing for a small part of their wheat lands. Too much stress cannot be laid on the importance of organic matter in our corn lands, for Avith- out it our commercial fertilizers must fail to do the maximum amount of good and our crop yields must remain below the point of profitable production. Organic matter will do more for our heavy soils than any number of plowings. It makes the land mellow and friable ; it loosens up the texture ; it changes the color and increases its capacity to absorb and retain heat ; it permits the soil bacteria to convert the millions of pounds of nitrogen in the air into nitrates ready to be consumed as food by the growing crops ; it absorbs and retains moisture better than anything else we can add to the land; it enables the micro-organisms of the soil to convert the mineral plant-food elements into soluble and available forms and holds them suspended in its capillary spaces throughout the entire soil stratum, ready to be absorbed by the rapidly developing rootlets of the growing vegetation; it renders clayey soils so open and porous that they are seldom too dry to plow or too wet to till. Humus is the life blood of the soil; therefore, let us add to the richness and volume of this life blood. CORRECT METHOD OF HANDLIN^G GREEN MANURE "sOURING" THE SOIL. We hear a great deal about the "souring" of land by the too liberal use of green manure, and many farmers are afraid to use it to any extent on this account. The real explanation of this "souring" effect lies, generally, in the method of handling the green manuring crop, and not in the subsequent development of an excess of organic acid in the soil. The crop is generally plowed down with a good, strong team, hitched to a big plow on which is fastened a chain for the purpose of enabling the plowman to "wrap up the vines" and bury them deep enough to be out of the way of subsequent cultivation. This places a layer of very porous vegetable matter some two or three inches thick, say eight inches under the surface. The crop is then planted and cultivated over this bed of vegetable matter, and if the season is at all dry the farmer is likely to lose his crop. Why? If the farmer should examine this vege- table matter some weeks after it was plowed under, and Avhen his crop is looking worst, he would find the soil just under this bed of vines, etc., almost as wet as mud, while the soil just above it would likely be as y 8 The Bulletin. dry as dust. This, then, is the explanation of the "souring" effect of green manure as generally handled : The rain water goes rapidly down through the soil and through the layer of vegetable matter and is stored in quantities in the subsoil, but this bed of noncapillary vegetable matter entirely cuts off the rise of this moisture from the subsoil to supply that taken from the surface soil by evaporation and plant growth. There has been a mechanical and not a chemical condition set up in the soil that cuts oft" the water supply from the plants and causes them to starve for Avater in spite of a normal rainfall. The remedy is apparent. See that the vegetable matter is cut fine by the disc harrow before it is plowed under, and, when plowing, edge the furrow slice and thus incorporate the vegetable matter with the soil and have it uniformly distributed throughout the soil stratum from top to bottom. The moisture can then move down and up in the soil to meet the needs of the crop throughout the season. It is always observed, on well-drained land, that the following year, when the land has been plowed deeply again, the layer of vegetable matter torn up and mixed with the soil, that the "souring" effect disappears, showing, if rightly interpreted, that it was the localization of the vegetable matter and not an excessive development of organic acid that produced the dele- terious effect. Care must be taken not to turn under organic matter too deeply in heavy soils, since the processes of decay go on very slowly below ten or twelve inches. It has been found that the microflora, bacteria, etc., that cause the organic matter of the soil to decay, and thus give rise to the formation of the various nitrates in the soil, do not act freely below nine or ten inches under the surface of heavy soils. It is also true that these all-important organisms cannot exist in the first two or three inches of the surface soil on account of the too great aeration and drying effect of the sun's heat. Their greatest activity, therefore, is confined to that part of the soil stratum lying between three and ten inches of the surface. InTow, these bacteria feed almost exclusively on organic matter. An important by-product of cattle feeding is the manure produced, but the principal produce of the feeding of the bacteria is the formation in the soil of natural nitrates which are fundamental to crop production and which are immediately available for the plant as soon as formed. If we cut off the food supply from our cattle, they die, and the same is true when we cut off the food supply from our soil bacteria. It will be seen, moreover, that the proper feeding of the soil bacteria is thus fundamental to the feeding of cattle or any other farm animals. PLOWING. Land intended for corn should generally be plowed in the fall and sowed to some cover crop, as crimson clover, vetch, burr clover, or rye, to be turned under in the spring for green manuring purposes. The Bulletin. 9 Of course, the advisability and tlie possibility of fall plowing will depend upon the rotation practiced. In case corn follows cotton it will be obviously impossible to plow the land in the fall in time to sow a cover crop for green manure. Under the circumstances it will gener- ally be better to sow tlie cover crop in tlie cotton some time in September or the latter part of August and let it get a good start before the hard freezes of winter come. A crop sown thus early will make a much better, more thrifty, and earlier growth in the spring than one sown just before cold weather sets in. In the spring the green crop, together with the old cotton stalks, should be thoroughly cut to pieces with a sharp disc harrow and plowed under some six or eight inches deep. Spring plowing of heavy soils is rarely advisable when the rotation will admit of fall plowin:^ unless the land needs an annual application of some cheap form of vrg;i"aic matter to improve its physical condition. Rotations in which corn followed wheat, oats, or clover and grass, the land can, and generally should be, fall plowed and sowed to some cover crop. Where a heavy clover and grass sod is to be turned under the plow- ing should be done rather late in the fall, say after the first killing frost, when the various insect pests have done depositing eggs. Late plowing of these sod lands, after vegetation has ceased to grow and furnish hiding places for the eggs of insects, will destroy great num- bers of the eggs and larvae of these pests and rid the land the next season of the great army of cut-worms and wire-worms that usually infest corn- fields on land that has been seeded down to meadow or pasture for a few years. It will generally be unnecessary to put a cover crop on newly broken sod lands, as the soil is supposed to be full already of organic matter in the form of clover and grass roots. SEEDING THE COVER CROP. "We have heard a great deal said about the winter cover crop ; that it kept the soil from washing, added humus, and conserved the soluble nitrates. ]^ow, the cover crop will do all these things, and more, only in case it is sowed early enough to make some growth in the fall. It will be recalled that plants take up and conserve plant food only while they are growing. It will be remembered, also, that these winter cover crops make little or no growth between November and April, during which time no soluble food left over from the crop of the pre- vious season is being taken up and conserved. Moreover, when the cover crop is sown late no material growth occurs before spring, and not only is the object of conserving plant food defeated, but the soil is thus allowed to wash as badly as if no crop had been sown, due to the fact that the small plants have not had an opportunity to develop a suffi- ciently large root system to bind the soil particles and hold them in place. It is obvious, therefore, that the cover crop should be sown early 10 The Bulletin. enough to permit it to make considerable growth before the dormant period sets in ; otherwise, much of its benefit will be inevitably lost. SPRING PREPARATION, There is little gained by planting corn very early in the spring. Thorough preparation of the land is entirely essential for best results, and this preparation can hardly be given when corn is planted between March 15th and April 15th. More thorough preparation and later planting is good advice to follow. The disc harrow should be used on fall plowed land as early in the spring as soil conditions will permit in order to loosen up and aerate the surface. The disking may take the i)lace of plowing in some cases, when the land should be disked some two or more times, with the disk- ings some ten to fifteen days apart. After the last disking the land should be gone over with a smoothing harrow in order to break aud pul- verize any clods and smooth the surface preparatory to planting. When corn land is well prepared the crop is half cultivated, and this first half of the cultivation can be much more easily and economically given before the crop is pitched. Keep the harrow going and kill all germinating weeds and grasses, and do not fear that half your crop will be lost if you do not get it planted before May 15th, When it is necessary to plow land in the spring the plowing should be done as early as practicable in order to conserve moisture, and as late as possible in order to give the green manuring crop, except in case of rye, a chance to make a large vegetative growth to be turned under. The green manuring crop, together with the old cotton or corn stalks, should be thoroughly cut to pieces with a sharp disc harrow before plowing under. When plowing, the furrow slices should be edged and not inverted. If it is not too late in the season, the land should be left in this rough plowed condition until after a good rain, when it should be thoroughly disked and let lie for a week or ten days. Just before planting the land should be gone over -with a smoothing harrow as outlined above. In case spring plowing must be done on land without the green manuring crop the harrow should follow closely behind the plow, be- cause every farmer knows moist clods pulverize more easily than hard, dry clods. Again, the more completely the clods are pulverized the better the soil mulch forms and, consequently, the more moisture will be conserved for the crop. CONSERVATION OF MOISTURE. The necessity for the conservation of moisture has been stressed as much in the above discussion of the preparation of the seed bed as though a group of farmers were being addressed in the arid West. Why lay so much emphasis on this point when our lands are more frequently too wet than too dry? Why conserve moisture in a State with over fifty inches rainfall? The Bulletin. 11 The reason is still within the memory of North Carolina farmers. What farmer has forgotten the spring and summer of 1911? What farmer in piedmont North Carolina does not remember nearly every July and August since he began farming? The early drought of 1911 cut the corn crop short throughout that part of the State lying east of the mountains and west of the black-land section of the east. In the piedmont section proper, the midsummer drought is of regular occurrence, and yet most farmers fail to make proper and effective preparations for combating it. In this section the corn crop grows off rapidly and encouragingly until the fruiting stage is reached, when the midsummer drought is almost sure to set in and cut the yield down about half. Practically every farmer in this section has had the yield of a field that promised to make fifty bushels per acre cut down to fifteen bushels per acre by the midsummer drought. It is worth while, then, to emphasize the importance of moisture conservation in the pied- mont section especially, and farmers on the gray-soil belt of the coastal plain will do well to keep this in mind, also, as their corn crops are not entirely exempt from the withering effects of our August suns. The disastrous effects of the midsummer droughts can be almost wholly offset by the proper conservation of soil moisture in the early spring months, which must be effected through the incorporation with the soil of liberal amounts of vegetable matter ; deep fall plowing ; early spring plowing; thorough disking and harrowing before planting; and proper cultivation of the crop after planting. SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF SEED. A task well begim is half done. Obviously, the most important part in beginning the task of growing a corn crop is the selection of good seed. Now, there are two kinds of good seed. There is a good variety seed and a good vitality seed. It is needless to say that however good may be the variety we select, our crop will be a failure if the vitality of the seed we plant is not strong enough to give us a good stand. It is, therefore, more important for us to have good viable seed for plant- ing than to have a good variety to plant, in case we cannot get both qualities in the same sample. Did you ever select your seed corn from the crib in the spring? Yes. Then it is safe to assume you picked out the finest looking ears you could find. I suppose most of us would do that. But how many ears like the ones you chose for seed were borne on a single stalk — two, three, or four? The chances are that in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred not more than one such ear as you chose for seed was borne on a single stalk last year. Why? Because the high yielding, prolific cornstalks do not bear big, showy ears. The ears produced by these plants and these varieties are generally medium to small. 3 12 Thk Bulletin. By thus selecting your seed in the crib you accelerate the tendency of your corn to grow one ear to the stalk, and thus reduce the yield per acre. 1^0 corn grower should think of making crib selections of seed for planting. In the fall, when the husks are turning brown on the ears, the farmer should search his fields for such plants as he would be glad to grow the following season. He will not find a great many such plants, but he will find a few, and these he should select and carefully tag for seed. The plants must not be cut or have the fodder pulled from them at all. Let the stalks dry up and the ears cure out thoroughly before taking them in from the field. BREEDING PLAT. Select enough of these ideal plants for the crop next season and reserve a number of the best of these carefully selected ears for the breeding plat. The breeding plat should be on land similar in all respects to the land on which the general crop is to be planted. In this plat plant some fifty or one hundred rows of fifty to one hundred hills each from the best ears selected in the field from the general crop, and fertilize and culti- vate just as you would the rest of the corn crop. It is a well-established fact that seed corn that has been crossed makes a better yield and a better quality of corn than seed that has been inbred. You must, therefore, select from this breeding plat only such ears as have been rigidly crossed. In order to insure rigid crossing in the seed patch you have only to resort to the simple operation of detasseling every other row or every other hill, leaving tassels in the two outside rows. Do not pull the fodder from the breeding plat, but let the stalks dry up and the ears remain in the field till they have dried out thoroughly. N'ow go into the breeding plat and select your seed corn for the next crop. Take only the best ears from the best stalks. It would be well, however, to make a careful examination of the plat before the stalks dry up, in order to note any tendency to disease among the stalks. Those stalks showing susceptibility to any of the common diseases of corn should either be cut out at once or so marked that ears will not be taken from them for seed at gathering time. Be sure that every ear selected for seed the following year is taken from a detasseled stalk. Not a single ear, no matter how beautiful it may be, should be taken from a stalk in which the tassel has been allowed to grow. Enough corn should be selected from this breeding plat to plant the general crop, but the very best ears in the plat should be kept for the breeding plat the following year. Always plant the very best selections in the breeding plat and save the rest for the general crop. You will thus gradually increase the general strength and vigor of your whole The Bulletin. 13 crop by concentrating your efforts on a small area from year to year with a view to increasing the vitality and prolificacy of the strain. PRESERVATION. Having thus carefully and scientifically selected your seed corn, the next step is the proper care and attention given its preservation till planting time. The best and most yiable seed corn may have its ger- minating power greatly reduced by improper handling and storing during the winter months. The first essential in the preservation of seed corn is a dry place. After having been allowed to dry out thoroughly in the fall, the ears should be carefully stored in a dry place where rats cannot get at them and where the corn weevil is not likely to bother. Seed corn should by no means be stored in an open crib or a damp cellar. On one occasion, "Four bushels of corn were harvested and divided into two equal parts. One part was well dried and kept dry during the winter in a seed-house and the other kept in an ordinary corncrib. ... On rich bottom-land, the well-preserved seed produced 18 bushels more per acre than the cribbed seed; while, on poor upland, the well- preserved seed produced 7 bushels more per acre than the cribbed seed. The cribbed seed germinated as well as the well-preserved seed, but the resulting plants were less thrifty and less productive." * It is thus highly important that the seed corn be kept with great care through the winter months. GERMINATION TEST. Every farmer wants to know what per cent of his corn is capable of coming up, before he puts it into the ground. Some weeks before plant- ing, therefore, the seed corn should always be put through the germina- tion test. This may be done in different ways. Each ear may be shelled separately and ten grains put in moist soil or on moist blotting paper and kept in a warm place till they sprout. ISTote carefully how many of these ten grains, taken at random, make a good, vigorous germination, sending out both root and leaf. Another method allows all of the seed corn to be shelled and a sample of one hundred grains taken at random and put in the test. In the first case the number of grains germinating multiplied by ten will give the per cent of germination secured. Eor example: if six grains out of the ten make a good germination, this would equal a germination of 60 per cent. In the latter case the actual number of grains in the hundred that germinated would represent the percentage of germination secured. Note carefully the strength and vigor of germination, since some grains have enough vitality to barely germinate, but not enough to make much farther growth. It is much better to make a germination test of each ear, as by this method you *Bulletin 414, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 14 The Bulletin. can pick out and discard any that have low vitality, whereas this could not be done if all the ears were shelled together. FERTILIZATION. The corn crop is a gross feeder. You cannot make the land too rich for corn. The high individual acre yields that have been produced in the South in recent years have been grown on rich land — land heavily loaded with some form of organic matter to which varying amounts of certain available commercial fertilizers were added. All the corn soils of the State, except the black, mucky soils of the far east and the very limited area of bottom-lands along the principal streams, are in need of organic matter as a basis of economical fertili- zation. It is but a shortsighted policy that puts large amounts of com- mercial fertilizer under the corn crop when the soil is bleached for lack of humus. It must always be borne in mind that large amounts of some cheap and easily obtained organic matter lies at the very founda- tion of successful corn growing in North Carolina. Some few of our lands are well supplied, and this supply must be kept up; but the vast majority of them do not have more than a tenth as much as normal crop requirements demand, and to these nine times the present amount must be added. But where shall we get the needed organic matter for these soils? Ask the average farmer in the South, and he will at once say, "Feed stock and get stable manure for the soil." Ask him if he has done this, and he will say no. Ask him why he has not taken his own advice, and he is marooned, and admits that such advice is "more blessed to give than to receive." The fact of the matter is that no farmer has ever yet taken a piece of poor land and grown enough feed and forage on it to feed enough stock to make enough manure to bring it up. The following question has been put to a great number of North Carolina farmer audiences, "Let every man who has produced feed and forage enough on a fifty- to a hundred-acre farm of average fertility in North Carolina to feed enough live stock to make enough stable manure to bring the land up to a high state of cultivation hold up his hand." Not a hand has gone up so far. Some farmers, by purchasing forage from their neighbors and cotton-seed meal, bran, shorts, etc., from the merchants, have brought large tracts of land up to a high state of fertility. This practice is commendable in so far as it can be followed. But how is Mr. Jones going to maintain the fertility of his soil if he sells his hay and crop residues to Mr. Smith as forage for his live stock? Some one has said that where one farm has been raised to a high state of fertility by live- stock farming, ten adjacent farms have been lowered in crop-producing power. It is a favorite saying of Mr. B. W. Kilgore that animals destroy fertility and in no sense conserve it. Dr. C. G. Hopkins, whose 1 The Bulletin. 15 authority no one will question, says: "In nearly all sections of the country a farmer can be found here and there — sometimes one in ten, and sometimes only one in a hundred — who feeds all the crops that he raises and also all that he can buy at reasonably low prices from his neighbors, who supplements all this with more or less purchased bran, shorts, oil meal, cotton-seed meal, etc., and who is thus able to produce sufficient manure of good quality to maintain or even to increase the fertility of his own farm at the expense of many other farms; but no extended State or Nation ever has or ever can maintain sufficient live stock, even in country and city combined, to furnish manure with which to maintain the productive power of all the farm lands." Where, then, shall we get this vegetable matter in cheap form on which to build up our corn lands? It is evident that our source must be adequate to supply not a few favored farmers, but every tiller of soil in the State. The only source of humus that can be drawn on so extensively is green manures and crop residues, supplemented, it may be, with stable manure. lied clover, crimson clover, burr clover, hairy vetch, soy beans, rye, oats, old corn and cotton stalks — anything that will rot in the ground is good and can be used by every farmer in the State as a source of organic matter in the growing of the corn crop. Once the foundation for economical fertilization is laid, the addi- tional fertilization for the corn crop is likely to be found quite simple. A large percentage of fertilizers used at present may be either discarded altogether or their use will be found vastly more remunerative. In other words, the present yields can be greatly increased with less ferti- lizer than is used at present, and any increased amount will be used only in case the use shows greatly increased production, which is likely to be the case when the soil contains large amounts of humus. In the piedmont and mountain sections phosphate is likely to be the leading element in the mixture, while in the sandy gray soils of the coastal plains potash is apt to be found of leading importance. But the relative amounts, the proper combinations, the methods of applica- tion, etc., must be worked out for each leading soil type of the State, and this is now being done by the Agronomy Division of this Depart- ment. PLANTING. DATE OF PLANTING. The best time for planting corn will vary with the locality. In gen- eral, it is better to defer planting in favor of thorough preparation of the seed bed than to rush the seed into the ground while it is yet cold and .damp from the winter freezes. A good warm seed bed is very essen- tial to the prompt germination and rapid early growth of the corn plant, and this condition cannot be obtained when the crop is planted too early. Again, early planted corn is generally more subject to the depredations of cut-worms and other insect pests, especially when planted on sod land, than when planted later. 16 The Bulletin. DEPTH. Early planted corn should not be planted so deep as that planted later in the season, since early in the spring the ground is cold and germina- tion is more sluggish. As the season advances the depth of planting may be increased. When the seed bed has been properly prepared, furrows should be run some five to six inches deep, leaving four to five inches of loose, finely pulverized soil between the bottom of this furrow and the unbroken sub- soil beneath. In the bottom of this furrow the corn should be planted, but covered shallow. Corn is generally planted too near the surface, especially in the piedmont section, where the midsummer drought is most prevalent. Here the corn should have its root system develop rather deeply in order to come in contact with better and more lasting moisture condilions. "When a large amount of green vegetation has been cut up and incorporated with the soil it is highly necessary that the crop be planted deep below the surface (but covered shallow) in order to escape the drying effects of the first three to four inches of the surface soil during the first two or three Aveeks of the season. Then, too, the root system gets a thorough hold of the deeper soil and gradually, as the season advances, rises to the upper soil and finally occupies the whole soil stratum, thus utilizing all the available plant food present. Of course, corn must not be planted too deep, but a small amount of careful observation and a little experimentation on a given soil will enable the farmer to judge very closely of the proper depth of planting for best results. The more deeply planted corn does not grow off so rapidly, as a rule, but withstands the midsummer drought better and yields more corn in the fall. THICKNESS OF PLANTING. The thickness of planting will vary with the variety and the fertility of the soil. It will be borne in mind that the high individual acre yields that have been made in the South during the past two or three years were not made so much by the increased prolificacy of the individual stalks as by the increased number of stalks per acre. On account of the irregularity of our fields the checking of corn by moans of the check-row planter is never likely to become general. The crop is now generally planted in the drill and, so far as we know, there is no economic necessity for changing this time-honored method. The drilling of the crop gives the opportunity for proper spacing in the row ; the thickness of planting can be regulated to a nicety. Experi- ments seem to indicate that one stalk in a hill Avith hills close together gives better results than the same number of stalks per acre with, say, two stalks in a hill. That is, it is better to have the stalks twelve inches apart and one in a hill than to have the hills three feet apart and three stalks in a hill. The Bulletin, 17 CULTIVATION. Before tlie corn conies up the weeder or smoothing harrow should be run over the field to break the crust and destroy any germinating weeds and grasses. The use of the weeder may be continued till the corn is several inches high and thus save considerable of the expense of culti- vation. When the corn is too large for the weeder, a light running cultivator should take its place and the surface kept carefully mulched till the crop is safely beyond the possible injury of the midsummer drought. Most farmers "lay corn by" too soon. In the piedmont section, in particular, where the midsummer drought is especially severe, it is not uncommon to see corn "laid by" at tasseling time, when a drought of four to six weeks may set in ; and a crop that promised fifty bushels per acre may be cut down to a yield of fifteen bushels. It must be borne in mind that one of the primary objects of the cultivation of corn is the conservation of moisture. It must also be remembered that at tasseling time the corn plant is taking up and using more soil moisture and plant food than at any other time in its history. iSTow is the time the crop needs the farmer most, as the results of the work of the whole season may depend on a few final harrowings at this critical period in the growth of the plant. ISTow is the time to conserve moisture in order to mature the crop that is already on the land. What folly, then, to "lay by" our crops and abandon them to their fate just at the time they need us most and when a few extra workings will add so enormously to our final harvest ! Some one has advised to "cultivate the corn crop till the silk is dead on the end of the shoot," and this is not bad advice. Culti- vate shallow, frequent, and late, is a motto that every farmer can safely adopt. HARVESTING. There have been rapid strides in the improvement of methods of get- ting the corn crop oif the land during the last ten years in the South. Every farmer remembers the twenty-two different operations necessary to get the corn crop off the land preparatory to sowing wheat in North Carolina twenty years ago. First the tops were cut, tied into bundles, loaded on the wagon, hauled to the barn, and stored away in the barn loft. Then the fodder was pulled from the remainder of the stalk, tied into bundles, loaded on the wagon, hauled to the barn, and stored away in the loft. The corn was then pulled, thrown on the ground in piles, loaded on the wagon, hauled to the barn, unloaded in a long heap, husked and thrown into the wagon, hauled to the crib and there stored away. The cornstalks were then cut, put into piles and burned, making even twenty-two handlings of the corn crop after it was matured. But now, with the advent of the corn binder, a harvesting machine that can be operated by one man and two good horses, the crop is cut 18 The Bulletin. and bound at one operation ; the bundles are then set up in shocks and allowed to dry out; when dry, the shocks are loaded on the wagon and hauled to the shredder, where, at one operation, the corn is husked and loaded into a wagon and the stover blown into the barn loft or other receptacle. The ears are then cribbed. The whole crop being thus removed from the land with but six operations — less than one-third the number formerly required. By another method, which is even more commendable than either of the two from the standpoint of soil fertility, the farmer husks the ears on the stalk and throws them into the wagon at one operation; hauls the corn to the crib and unloads it ; then cuts the stalks, fodder, and all to pieces with a stalk cutter, and the land is ready for plowing, making just four operations, as against twenty-two with the first named method. In the South much corn that has been shocked after the western method rots before it can be shredded or otherwise housed from the weather. We are sometimes tempted, perhaps, to ape western methods without fully understanding western conditions. There is no question but that if stock is to be fed with stover as roughage, the corn crop should be cut up and shocked after the manner of the corn-belt farmer. It is but criminal waste of time and physical energy for the cattle feeder to "cut tops" and "pull fodder" after the old methods practiced in the South. But it must be borne in mind that climatic conditions in Iowa and Illinois are different in the fall from what they are in North Carolina. There the falls are cool and dry; here they are warm and nearly always wet. There the drought comes in the fall ; here it comes in midsummer. There com shocks may stand in the field till spring without injuring the corn or materially reducing the feeding quality of the stover; here both corn and stover are likely to be ruined by Christmas. There the corn shocks are made of from three to five medium-sized bundles and opened wide at the base so the air can quickly and easily circulate through them; here the shocks are generally of haystack proportions, closely compacted throughout, in order, it would seem, to exclude the air and promote fermentation — a condition that so nearly always fol- lows as to make the spoiling of shocked corn in this region the rule rather than the exception. Our farmers are, therefore, afraid to cut and shock com lest they lose both corn and stover by rotting in the shock. But this condition can be remedied, to a great extent, by reducing both the size of the bundles and the size of the shocks. The corn should be cut when the husk is beginning to yellow or turn brown and the grains have become dented and glazed. The shocks should be set up as soon as the binder has passed, and opened out wide at the bottom in order to allow the air to circulate freely through the base and middle of the shock. Not more than three bundles should ever be placed in one shock in the South. Just as soon as the shocks have' dried out they The Bulletin. 19 should be hauled and shredded or otherwise placed under shelter. Fre- quent examinations should be made of the shocks to see when they are dry enough to take in out of the weather. Do not let JSTovember find the corn shocks still in the field, because much of both corn and stover is likely to be rotten by this time. In a word, then, make small shocks, thoroughly aerate them, and get them in out of the rain as soon as possi- ble, and you will have little trouble with your corn harvested in this manner. ROTATIONS. It is, at once, to our advantage and our detriment that the climatic conditions in this latitude cause the humus of our soils to burn out with great rapidity. With us oxidation of organic matter is far in excess of normal accumulation of organic matter; while in the jSTorth and West the terms are largely reversed, that is, normal accumulation of organic matter is equal to or exceeds oxidation, and there is, therefore, a grad- ual increase of vegetable matter in the soils from year to year, especially when the land is not run continuously in a clean culture crop. This rapid burning out of the vegetable matter of our soils is to our advantage, in that it enables the growing crop to get more plant food from our soils in an equal space of time, and thus makes it possible for us to produce larger acre yields, than the relatively richer but less active black soils of the corn belt. With our soils well supplied with rich humus, therefore, there is no question but that we can grow more corn per acre than the farmer located on the colder corn lands of Ohio and loAva. But, with the humus content of our lands reduced to a minimum, our crop yields must also be brought below the point of profitable pro- duction, and herein lies the danger attending the rapid oxidation of our soil humus. There are a number of rotations that can be followed in the pro- duction of the corn crop. In general, no rotation should be adopted that does not provide a liberal yearly supply of organic matter for the soil. As a rule, rotations should be short. In some cases corn may be success- fully grown after corn for a number of years in case cowpeas and crim- son clover are sown in the field at "laying by" time and plowed under before the next crop is pitched. In this case the old cornstalks, cowpea vines, and green clover should all be thoroughly disked to pieces before plowing under in the spring. On the sandy soils of the coastal plain region a rotation of cotton, corn, and oats may be practiced to advantage. Here the cotton should be followed by rye and crimson clover sown in late summer or early fall and plowed under for com in the spring. The corn may have the peas sowed with it at the last cultivation and when the corn is pulled or cut the peavines and corn stubble may be thoroughly disked and the land sowed to winter oats. When the oats are cut in June the land should be sowed to cowpeas, which should be cut for hay and the land seeded to crimson clover to be plowed down for the following corn crop. 20 The Bulletin. SUGGESTED ROTATION FOR CORN CULTURE IN NORTH CAROLINA ON SANDY SOIL OF COASTAL PLAINS REGION. No. I. First year Cotton Corn Oats. Rye Cowpeas ' Cowpeas. Crimson Clover Crimson Clover. Second year Corn ' Oats Cotton. Cowpeas Cowpeas Rye. _ Crimson Clover Crimson Clover. i Third year ' Oats... -.. Cotton Corn. Cowpeas Rye Cowpeas. I Crimson Clover Crimson Clover I Farther up in the piedmont section on the sandier soils, where cotton and corn are of about equal importance, rotation No. II may be found profitable. This is one of corn, cotton, and oats, or wheat, as local con- ditions may demand. By this rotation crimson clover may be sown in the cotton either at the last cultivation or after the first or second pick- ing. This clover should be plowed under in the spring preparatory to planting corn. Cowpeas should be planted in rows between the corn rows, and oats or wheat sowed after the corn stubble and peavines have been thoroughly disked to pieces and plowed under. When the small grain is cut the land may be plowed and sowed to peas, which may be cut for hay and the land seeded to rye and crimson clover to be ploAved under for cotton the following year. SUGGESTED CROP ROTATION FOR CORN CULTURE IN NORTH CARO- LINA ON THE SANDY SOILS OF THE PIEDMONT SECTION. No. II. First year. Second year. Third year. Cotton Corn Oats or Wheat. Crimson Clover Cowpeas I Cowpeas. Crimson Clover. Rye. Cotton Oats or Wheat Corn. Crimson Clover Cowpeas Cowpea-s. Crimson Clover... Rye. Oats or Wheat Corn Cotton. Peas Cowpeas Crimson Clover. Crimson Clover Rye ' The Bulletin. 21 On the heavy loam clay and clay loam soils of the piedmont and mountain sections rotation 'No. Ill is recommended in the production of the corn crop. In this rotation wheat is sown in the fall and red clover is sown in the spring on the fall-sown grain and allowed to occupy the land that year and the year following. In the fall of the following year, after the first crop of clover has been cut for hay, the second crop, bearing the seed, should be turned under for corn the following year. Wheat may follow corn in the fall and the cycle repeated. SUGGESTED CROP ROTATION FOR CORN CULTURE IN NORTH CARO- LINA ON RED SOILS OF PIEDMONT AND YELLOW SOILS OF THE MOUNTAIN SECTIONS. No. III. First year Wheat j Clover Corn. Second year Clover Corn Wheat. Third year Corn ] Wheat Clover. CORN JUDGING— SCORE-CARD. It has been well said that the highest and only purpose of the corn judge is to give first rank to that sample which, in his estimation, is capable of producing more corn of better quality than any other sample on exhibition. But on what basis does the judge make his decision? "At the great corn exhibit at the Chicago Exposition in 1886, five expert judges worked some days in preparing a scale of points to guide them in their decisions."* This was the first use of the score-card. Since then a number of States have adopted score-cards which seemed best suited to the corns grown by the farmers in their different localities. The purpose of the score-card should be to convey to the mind the essential points to be considered in examining an ear, sample, or an exhibit of corn ; to impress the relative value of these points ; to explain their exact meaning, and show why they mean so much. Many changes have been msde in the original score-card, and still we question w^hether it has been correlated with the farmer's practice in a way to be of the most benefit to him. A properly constructed score-card should be a criterion by which to judge not only the sample of corn at the corn show, but, through this sample, the real progress made by the farmer in actual corn production. The following suggested score-card for IN'orth Carolina conditions is submitted in the hope that it may bring out some points not hitherto properly stressed in corn-judging contests. *Corn (Bowman and Crossly) , page 405. 22 The Bulletin. suggested score-card fob north carolina. Uniformity of exhibit 5 Trueuess to type 5 Prolificacy 15 Shape of ear 2 Purity '^ Butts 3 Tips 20 Space between rows 10 Dimensions of ear 2 Uniformity of grain 3 Per cent of corn to cob 20 Viability 10 Uniformity of Exhibit. — The ears must all be as nearly the same length as possible. The ears may be short or they may be long, as regards the standard length of the variety exhibited, but they must all be of the same length. If some of the butts are poor, let them all be poor alike, or let them all be good alike. If the variety is white, let all the ears be perfectly Avhite, and do not exhibit a lot of corn of mixed color unless this mixture of color is characteristic of the variety. Let the exhibit present a rounded whole and not an irregular mixture of varieties and types. Trueness to Type. — If a cylindrical ear is the type, let all the ears be cylindrical. If the type of ear is one that naturally tapers, see that all ihe ears in the lot taper. Prolificacy. — It is generally conceded that the prolific corns produce more bushels per acre than the one-ear varieties, and for this reason it would seem advisable to encourage the growth of these higher yielding strains. Other things being equal, therefore, an exhibit of a prolific variety of corn will generally take the premium over a nonprolific. In our score-card we have, therefore, allowed fifteen points for prolificacy. The prolific corns always bear comparatively small ears, but the exhibit should contain the largest ears that can be found in the crop of the prolific variety grown. The contestant must not exhibit nubbins, but well-grown ears of the variety and of good shape and soundness. Purity. — This refers more especially to the breeding of the variety. If the variety has white cobs, there must not be an occasional red cob in the exhibit. If the corn is white, the ears must not have an occa- sional red, yellow, or blue grain, but all the grains on all the ears must be white. If the variety has a smooth dented ear, the exhibit must not contain ears with rough dented, chaffy grains, but all grains on all ears must have the same general characteristics. Butts. — The contestant must be very careful to see that ears with well-filled butts are selected. A poorly filled butt shows lack of proper pollination, which may be transmitted and become a serious defect in the variety. The Bulletin, 23 The butts should have uniformity in size and shape. Do not select ears with swelled butts, as these generally have lost rows, that is, rows that start but do not extend to the tip of the ear, and have irregular, crumply grains. Tips. — We must emphasize the importance of well-filled tips, because this quality of ear, much more than that of the filling of the butts, is under the direct control of the farmer. If the tips show lack of pollination, the indications are that the pollen had ripened and gone before the silks had come out from the tip grains ; in other words, the variety has a tendency to be proterandrous. This tendency can be overcome by carefully selecting for seed only those ears having well-filled butts and tips. Some varieties of corn seem to have a natural tendency to pointed tips, but when pointed tips occur in a variety which normally produces cylindrical ears there is something wrong either with the season or the method of cultivation. Frequent, shallow, and late cultivation which conserves great stores of soil moisture will generally fill the ti]5s with well-grown and well-developed grains. "When the latter part of the season has been too dry or the crop has been "laid by" too soon, the grains decrease in size from butt to tip from the dimensions of normal grains of the variety to those of popcorn ; while with normal seasons, or late cultivation, the grains are nearly as large within an inch of the tip as they are within an inch of the butt. We are inclined, therefore, to score twenty points for well-filled tips on account of the bearing it has on the cultivation of the corn crop. Space Between Rows is generally influenced by the manipulation of the crop in the field. Pulling the fodder and cutting the tops frequently cause a shrinkage in the grains, and the weight of the ears are thus reduced. In order, then, to discourage the pulling of the fodder, which is a very poor forage at best, and thus increase the acre yield of corn in the State, we have given ten points in favor of the absence of exces- sive space between rows except in those varieties, like Hickory King, in which large space between the rows is a variety characteristic. The reduction of the space between the rows increases the amount of corn that may be shelled from the cob. Dimensions of Ear refers to tbe length of the ear and circumference of the ear measured about midway from butt to tip. The relative dimen- sions are generally reckoned at one to three-fourths. That is, the cir- cumference should generally be about three-fourths of the length. To illustrate : if the ear is ten inches long the circumference would nor- mally be about seven and one-half inches about midway of the ear. The dimensions are important mainly in aiding the exhibitor in secur- ing uniformity in his exhibit, and is, therefore, given but two points in the score-card. Uniformity of Oram is important not only in imparting a pleasing appearance to the exhibit, but is very essential in planting the crop with 24 The Bulletin. the modern corn-planting machinery. Grains of irregular shape do not plant well and are liable to lack uniformity in germinating power. Uniformity of grain is a factor that can be largely controlled by per- sistent selection of seed ears with uniform grains, but since the farmer has, perhaps, less control over this than many other characteristics of the ear, we have allowed but three points for uniformity of grains. Per Cent of Corn to Coh, together with prolificacy, determines largely the acre yield of the variety, A high per cent of corn to cob requires a deep grain and a relatively small cob. An effort should be made to have the variety shell out at least 90 per cent of corn to cob. The present standard is, of course, only 80 per cent, making 70 pounds of ears shell out 56 pounds of grain when the corn is air dry. It is not easy to say just what proportion the depth or length of grains should bear to the diameter of cob, but a number of measure- ments of what seemed to be ideal ears revealed a proportion of one to eight-tenths. That is, the diameter of the cob midway between butt and tip measured eight-tenths as much as two of the grains laid end to end. It is likely to be found that the best proportion of length of grain to diameter of cob will run about one to three-fourths, the same as the proportion of length to circumference of ear. This proportion of depth of grain to diameter of cob bred into the leading prolific varieties will greatly increase the acre yields over the State. The per cent of corn to cob is so very important and so completely under the control of the corn breeder that twenty points are given to this factor in the score-card. Viability is the power the individual grains have to germinate and grow. An exhibit of corn that possesses good viability is sound, mature, clean, and in good market condition. The corn judge lays considerable stress on soundness and market condition, as these factors determine the final disposition of the product. Ten points have been given this factor in the score-card. Some corn shows exhibit a great many different kinds of corn and fail to classify them. It is not unusual to find nonprolifics, prolifics, white, red, yellow, blue, speckled, soft, flint, deep grained, and shallow grained varieties, as well as pod corns and popcorns, all exhibited under the same class. Here the judge is evidently put in a position where an intelligent decision under the circumstances is impossible. Every distinct variety should be placed and judged in a class by itself, that is, the prolific corns should be placed in a class to themselves; the nonprolifics in a class to themselves, the yellow corns in a class to them- selves; the popcorns in a class to themselves, etc., and premiums and awards made accordingly. VARIETIES AND VARIETY TESTS. We can never hope to get any one best variety of corn for all our different soil types and climatic conditions, but must expect each of the The Bulletin. 25 three or four geographic divisions of the State to develop and require varieties and strains of corn suited to their own peculiar conditions of soil and climate. There are hundreds of different commercial varieties and strains of corn in the United States to-day. A number of these commercial varie- ties have distinguishing characteristics, while many of them have not, but are the same variety listed under different trade names for com- mercial purposes only. This is, of course, unfortunate, as it serves only to confuse the farmer and causes him, many times, to buy seed corn that he otherwise would not have bought had he known just what the would-be new variety represented. There are, however, a number of good and distinct varieties of corn in l^orth Carolina grown by men of the highest integrity and put on the market under such trade names as will not confuse the buyer. Among these are Biggs' Seven-ear, Good- man's Prolific, Cocke's Prolific, Weekley's Improved, Hickory King, Farmer's Pavorite, and a number of others. In the case of live stock, each breed or strain is developed to meet some special need or demand; so, also, in plants, in general, a variety is the result of a definite set of environmental conditions that have combined to produce the variations that go to make the new strain. The variety, then, is the result either of changed natural conditions or of effect along lines carefully laid with a view to adapt and adjust strains of plants to new environmental conditions. The variety thus developed is, in the nature of the case, adapted to the surroundings where it has been making its best yields. In the case of corn the mere existence of corn varieties carries with it the suggestion that they are not all equally well suited to all climatic and soil conditions, and that each one has, doubtless, proven to be the best variety tested in its native locality. We are to assume, then, that these are all good corns when grown under favorable soil and climatic conditions. Again, since varieties of plants are generally developed in a given locality under given soil and climatic conditions, it follows that they will make as good, if not better, yields when propagated under soil and climatic conditions similar to those under which they have been developed. ISTow, if there be a probability that varieties of corn will make better yields in their native environments than elsewhere, it follows that the adaptability of the many different varieties put on the market should be tested. If any of them are well suited to the climate and soils of our State it is worth our while to know it. Should they not be adapted to our conditions, such knowledge is a necessary pro- tection against loss. The only way to gain this knowledge is to subject these corns to a rigid test on our soils. The recommendations of the seedmen are frequently unreliable, since they never know whether the environment in which the variety has been developed is similar to the one in which it will be forced to grow. 26 The Bulletin. With a view to protect the farmer against the frauds of unscrupulous seedmen and originators on the one hand, and to ascertain the varieties best suited to the soils of the State on the other, the State Department of Agriculture began several years ago to collect corn varieties from different parts of the country, and to subject them to a rigid test on the recognized corn soils of the State. Since then over sixty different varie- ties have been collected and tested — some for longer, others for shorter periods. The reader will bear in mind that in any given year all of the varie- ties tested were subjected to identical soil and climatic conditions at different points in the State and received identical treatment as to culti- vation, fertilization, and previous preparation of land. In 1911 the Department put out varieties of corn at a number of points in the State, covering several different soil types. Table l^o. I shows the results of the work done at the Iredell Test Farm at States- ville. Here the five highest yielders were "Weekley's Improved, Southern Beauty, Snowflake, Poole, and Batts' Four-ear, in the order named; while the five lowest yielding varieties were Shenandoah White Dent, Marlboro Prolific, Goodman's Prolific, Henry Grady, and Crook's Pro- lific, in the order named. Table No. II shows the results of the work at the Edgecombe Test Farm at Rocky Mount. Here the five highest yielding varieties were American Queen, E-1, Southern Beauty, Biggs' Seven-ear, and Good- man's Prolific, in the order named ; while the lowest yielders were Henry Grady, Shenandoah White Dent, Snowflake, Blount's Prolific, and Cocke's Prolific, in the order named. In addition to the variety work done on the Test Farms, a number of test experiments were made locally at different points in the State. Table I^o. Ill shows merely the yield in bushels per acre secured at the different points. In these tests Biggs' Seven-ear stood at the top, with Eureka holding it a close second. The table is self-explanatory, but it will be interesting to note that all the varieties made rather high yields and that the yields of the same variety were very different at different points in the State. Biggs' Seven-ear made less than thirty bushels at Jackson, but over seventy bushels per acre at Tarboro. These differences are due both to soil type and irregularities in soil fertility. Table No. IV shows the compiled results of the variety test work done at the Edgecombe Farm 1909 to 1911 inclusive. Here the highest yielding varieties during this time were Biggs' Seven-ear, Hickory King, and Southern Beautv, in the order named. Table ISTo. V shows the compiled results of the tests made at the Ire- dell Farm during the same period. Here Southern Beauty, Weekley's Improved, and Parker's Prolific were the three highest yielders. Table No. VI shows an average yield of two years at the Buncombe Test Farm. The three highest yielders on this farm during 1909 and 1910 were Southern Beauty, Hickory King, and Biggs' Seven-ear. I The Bulletin. 27 No. I— VARIETY TEST OF CORN AT IREDELL TEST FARM IN 1911. Stalks Yield Per Plat. Per Plat. Yield Per Acre. Pounds of Ears to Shell One Bushel. Shelling Total Capacity. Weight. 1 1 0 0 Weight of Measured Bushel of Shelled Corn. S it Varieties. 1. $ Barren Stalks. Pounds of Ears. o (D . X > 2^0Q o II BusilieU ot Shelled Corn. 4^ a 6.5 4» 9 4A a 4J 6i a < 1 Weekley's Improved 218 218 i 146 160 2920 1 38.9 75 81.3 18.7 47.7 52.3 3200 61 1 Southern Beauty... 218 218' 2 128.5 123 2570 38.3 67 85.0 15.0 51.0 49.0 2460 57 2 Snowflake 218 218] 1 218 218.... 128.5' 133 133 117 2570 2660 37.5 68.5 37.4 71 82.4' 17.6 85.9 14.1 49.1; 50.9: 2660 53.2 46.8 2340 56.5 61 3 Poole 4 Batts' Four-ear 218 218-... 134.5 150 2790 36.9 75.5 81.4 18.6 48.1 51.9 3000 61.5 5 Cocke's Prolific. 218 218 1 138.5 125 2770 36.4 76 80.2 19.8 44.1 55.9' 2500 61 6 Boone County 218 218: 2 1 115 100 2300 35.1 69.5 81.2 18.8 53.4 46.6 2000 56.5 7 Hickory King 218 218 .... 114.5 145 2290 34.6 66 86.3 13.7 44.1 1 55.9 2900 57 8 Blount's Prolific 218 218 218 218 1 133.5 126 114 2670 127 2520 34.6 34.0 77 74 81.1 81.0 18. 9' 53.9 46.1 2280 50.2 2540 62.5 60 8 Parker's Prolific 19.0 49.8 9 Lippard's Improved 218 218 3 118 155 2360 33.7 70 84.2 15.8 43.2 56.8 3100 59 10 American Queen 218 218 1 126 131 2520 33. C 75 82.6 17.4 49.0 51.0 2620 62 11 One-ear Corn 218 218 1 110 168 2200 33.3 66 83.3 16.7 39.5 G0.5 3300 55 12 Eureka 218 218 3 125 168 2500 32.8 76 78.9 21.1 42.6 57.4 3360 60 13 Columbia Beauty. 218 218 1 116 111 2320 32.6 71 83.0 17.0 51.1 48.9 2220 59 14 Indian Twin 218 218 7 127 135 2540 32.5 78 80.1 19.9 48.4 51.6 2700 62.5J 15 Biggs' Seven-ear 218 218 120 135 2400 32.4 74 81.0 19.0 47.-0 53.0 2700 60 White Majestic 218 218 218 218 3 113.5 ..... 116 134 2270 32.4 70 72 83.5 77.7 16.5 45.8 54.2 2680 55.6 2900 1 58.6; 16 Crook's Prolific 145 2320 32.2 22.3 44.4 « 17 Henry Grady 218 218 11 106 193 2120 32.2 66 81.8 18.2 35.4 64.6 3860 54 17 Goodman's Prolific 218 218 .... 113 135 2260 31.8 71 87.3 12.7 1 45.5 54.5 2700 1 62 18 Marlboro Prolific 218 218 3 117 140 2340 31.2 75 81.3 18.7 45.5 54. 5| 2800 61 19 Shenandoah White Dent, 218 218 3 99 108, 1980 27.8 1 i 71 82.1 17.9 47.8 52.2 2160 58.5 20 28 The Bulletin. 1 Xo. II— VARIETY TEST OF CORN AT THE EDGECOMBE TEST FARM IN 1911. 1 Yield Per Plat. 1 1 Yield Per Acre. 1 Shelling Total ' Capacity. Weights. 1 1 ' 1 Per S Varieties. Pounds of Ears. Pounds of Stover. Pounds of Ears. c ■ oo .2 -a JO'S PCcO Pounds of Ears Shell One Bush Per Cent Grain. Per Cent Cob. Per Cent Ears. Per Cent Stover. Pounds Stover Acre. Weight of Meaa Bushel of Shell Corn. American Queen 100.5 154.5 1 2010 1 27.9 72 83.3 16.7 39.4 60.6 3090 60 1 One-ear Corn - 96.5 103.5 87 88 1930 1740 27.9 1 27.6 ' 69 63 82.6 : 17.4 48.2 51.8 2070 57 1 Southern Beautv 85.7 14.3 49.7 50.3 1 1760.! 54 2 Biggs' Seven-ear. - - - 101 104 2020 26.5 76 ! 80.2 19.8 [ 49.2 50.8 2080 61 3 Goodman's Prolific - 87 93 1740 26.3 66 ; 86.3 13.7 i 48.3 51.7 1860 57 4 Batts' Four-ear 95 95 1900 26 73 79.4 20.6 50 50 1900 60 5 Eureka 94.5 160.5 1890 25.9 73 79.4 20.6 37 63 3210 58 6 Cocke's Prolific 91 74 1820 25.6 71 81.6 18.4 55.1 44.9 1480 58 7 Hickorv Kin&r 79 106 1580 24.3 65 86.1 13.9 42.7 57.3 2120 56 8 White Majestic - 82.5 147.5 1650 24.2 68 83.8 16.2 35.8 64.2 2950 57 9 Parker's Prolific 85.5 59.5 1710 23.4 73 79.4 20.6 58.9 41.1 1190 68 10 79.5 80.5 1590 23.3 68 82.3 17.7 49.6 50.4 1610 56 11 Crook's Prolific 79 66 1580 23.2 68 76.4 23.6 54.4 45.6 1320 52 12 Marlboro Prolific 87.5 74 97.5 51 1750 1480 22.7 21.7 77 68 80.5 19.5 47.2 59.2 52.8 40.8 1950 1020 62 56 13 Poole... 82.3 17.7 14 Indian Twin --- 81 64 1620 21.6 75 80 20 41.5 58.5 1280 60 15 Boone County 75 120 1500 21.4 70 80 20 38.4 61.6 2400 56 16 Weekley's Improved- 80.5 79.5 1610 20.6 78 71.7 18.3 50.3 49.7 1590 56 17 Blount's Prolific 76 79 1520 20.5 74 81 19 49 51 1580 60 18 Snowflake 68 87 1360 19.7 69 81.1 18.9 43.8 56.2 1740 56 19 Shenandoah White Dent 63 112 1260 17.5 72 79.1 20.9 36 64 2240 57 20 Henry Grady 14 196 280 j 4.4 63 82.5 17.5 6.6 93.4 3920 52 21 The BuLLETiisr. 29 No. Ill— LOCAL EXPERIMENTAL VARIETY TESTS. Varieties. Biggs' Seven-ear Eureka Batts' Four-ear Henry Grady Location. >> 0 2 ja o 1 0 ■a .0 tH 0 U "O ^ ^ > 0 03 s a s Eh pq E-1. Southern Beauty American Queen Boone County Goodman's Prolific Whfte Majestic Snowflake Crook's Improved Columbia Beauty Shenandoah White Dent- Parker's Prolific Indian Twin — Blount's Prolific Marlboro Prolific Poole Hickory King 29.7 22.2 21.7 18.8 21.4 24.2 25.1 18.2 22.2 24.2 21.7 18.0 22.8 18.2 20. S 23.1 20.5 19.1 21.4 18.2 a o o M 3 P5 Yield in Bushels Per Acre. 23.4 20.1 20.4 22.8 21.3 19.5 15.9 16.8 21.3 14.7 21.0 15.6 15.6 15.3 16.2 20.4 17.4 21.3 18.6 24.9 29.9 31.2 29.1 32.6 25.5 29.5 72.2 34.5 58.4 ; 35.7 58.4 29.1 60.4 35.3 54.5 28.7 47.9 1 31.6 55.8 1 35.9 42.7 34.9 50.9 38.4 42.7 33.6 46.0 32.4 57.1 32.3 50.6 31.6 47.3 26.6 53.8 ; 47.7 49.9 46.0 39.4 42.7 46.7 i 68.7 55.0 60.5 57.7 63.2 55.0 ' 66.0 55.0 60.5 55.0 55.0 55.0 63.2 57.7 49.5 52.2 52.5 55.0 52.2 32.7 24.8 26.0 23.7 23.7 26.5 25.1 28.5 P4 2 39.0 38.1 36.2 35.8 35.6 35.0 34.7 34.6 •^ 2 a <& (3< 23.1 34.5 23.7 34.0 23.1 33.8 24.2 33.7 24.8 33.5 25.1 33.4 25.7 33.4 26.8 32.9 22.8 32.3 24.5 32.0 22.0 31.5 23.4 31.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 I 30 The Bulletin, No. lY— COMPILED RESULTS OF VARIETY TEST OF CORN— EDGE- COMBE TEST FARM. 1909. 1910. 1911. Averages for Three Years. Varieties. Yield of Shelled Corn in Bushels Per Acre. Rank in Produc- tivity of Shelled Corn in Test of This Year. Yield of Shelled Corn in Bushels Per Acre. Rank in Produc- tivity of Shelled Corn in Test of This Year. Yield of Shelled Corn in Bushels Per Acre. Rank in Produc- tivity of Shelled Corn in Test of This Year. Average Yield of Shelled Corn Per Acre. Rank According to Productivity. Sieiza' Seven-ear 41.5 30.0 27.2 40.7 15.0 13.7 28.2 31.5 1 13 21 2 31 32 16 10 31.9 35.5 31.3 23.3 26.0 25.1 24.8 23.6 2 1 3 15 8 10 11 13 26.5 24.3 27.6 20.6 23.4 21.4 4.4 26.3 3 8 2 17 10 16 21 4 33.3 29.9 28.7 28.2 21.6 20.0 19.1 17.1 1 Hickorv Kinar -. - 2 Southern Beauty 3 Weeklev's Imoroved 4 Parker's Prolific 5 6 7 Goodman's Prolific 8 No v_C0MPILED RESULTS OF VARIETY TEST OF CORN— IREDELL TEST FARM. 1909. 1910. 1911. Averages for Three Years. Varieties. Shelled Bushels Produc- Shelled Test of ir. Shelled Bushels Produc- Shelled Test of ir. Shelled Bushels in Produc- of Shelled in Test of Year. Shelled r Acre. 3 a It ^.= ^ •So.a^ o.H B .So aJ" "s.ss 2i II Yield Corn Per A Rank tivity Corn This Yield Corn Per A Rank tivity Corn This Yield Corn Per A Rank tivity Corn This Yield Corn Southern Beaut v _- 30.4 26.5 5 14 39.4 38.4 1 2 38.3 38.9 2 1 36.0 34.6 1 Weekley 's Improved -- 2 Parker's Prolific --- 34.2 1 35.2 6 34.0 9 34.4 3 Boone County 31.0 3 32.8 8 35.1 7 32.9 4 Hickory King 21.0 30 32.1 9 34.6 8 29.4 5 Biggs' Seven-ear. 26.0 17 29.5 16 32.4 16 29.3 6 Goodman's Prolific 24.2 22 31.7 11 31.8 18 29.2 7 Henrv Gradv - - - 23.4 23 29.3 17 32.2 17 28.3 8 The Bulletin. 31 No. VI— COMPILED RESULTS OF VARIETY TEST OF CORN— BUN- COMBE TEST FARM— BOTTOM-LAND. t 1909. 1910. Averages for Two Years. Varieties. Yield of Shelled Corn in Bushels Per Acre. Rank in Produc- tivity of Shelled Corn in Test of This Year. Yield of Shelled Corn in Bushels Per Acre. Rank in Produc- tivity of Shelled Corn in Test of This Yeiir. Yield in Bushels of Shelled Corn Per Acre. o S o o ^ S 24.0 25.7 25.2 25.5 25.2 23.3 21.4 19.2 16.2 9 5 7 6 7 11 15 21 23 42.3 1 38.3 1 4 33.1 32.5 31.3 31.3 30.5 ; 30.0 29.0 27.0 25.4 1 Hiekorv ICins! _ 2 37.5 5 3 Boone Countv - 37.2 ■35.8 36.8 .36.6 34.8 34.6 7 10 8 9 12 18 3 Cocke's Prolific 4 Williams' 5 6 Parker's Prolific 7 Goodmaii's Prolific - _ 8 THE BEST VARIETY TO USE. In case care has been taken in the selection and adaptation of the seed, we unhesitatingly say the best variety for you to use is the one you have developed on your own farm. By adaptation we mean the growing of the same variety on the same kind of land for a sufficient length of time to allow it to become adjusted to its soil and climatic surroundings. The varieties of corn that have given good results in the piedmont section for the past several years are Weekley's Improved, Southern Beauty, and Cocke's Prolific. Those that have done well in the coastal plains section are Cocke's Prolific, Biggs' Seven-ear, Southern Beauty, and Hickory King. CORN PRODUCTION IN NORTH CAROLINA. A glance at the following tables will show the acreage, production, average acre yield, and market value of the corn crop of ISTorth Carolina from 1900 to 1910 inclusive. It will be noted that the acreage has gradually increased from not quite 2,500,000 acres in 1900 to over 3,000,000 acres in 1910. The total yield has also increased from not quite 30,000,000 bushels in 1900 to over 57,000,000 bushels in 1910. The farm value of the crop has likewise increased from not quite $17,000,000 in 1900 to nearly $43,500,000 in 1910. Table No. YIII shows the distribution of corn production over the State by counties. Robeson County leads the State in total yield with 32 The Bulletin. 1,042.060 bushels, with Johnston County as a close second; while. Ire- dell, Buncombe, Pitt, Randolph, Guilford, Sampson, Wake, Wayne, and Wilkes produced over 600,000 bushels each, according to thte Census of 1910. No. VII— TABLE SHOWING ANNUAL ACREAGE YIELD AND VALUE OF CORN IN NORTH CAROLINA FROM 1900 TO 1910, INCLUSIVE. I Year. Acres. Production. Average Yield Per Acre in Bushels. Value. 1900 2,482,515 2,553,474 1,879,348 2,625,482 29,790,180 30,641,688 41.345,656 38,594.585 12 12 22 15 S 16,980,403 1901... 22.368.432 1902 21,499,741 1903 23.542,697 1904 2,677,992 40,705,478 15 25,237,396 1905. -- 2,704,772 37,569,331 14 24,061.652 1906 2,731,820 41,796,846 15 28.421,855 1907 2,732.000 45,078.000 13 33.358.000 1908 --.- 2,787.000 50.166.000 18 39.631,000 1909.. 2,459.457 34,063,531 14 31,286,102 1910 - 3,072,000 ■ 57,139,000 18 43,426.000 No. VIII— SHOWING PRODUCTION OF CORN IN NORTH CAROLINA IN 1909, BY COUNTIES. County. Alamance.. Alexander. . Alleghany.. Anson Ashe Beaufort Bertie Bladen Brunswick. Buncombe - Burke Cabarrus. _ Caldwell... Camden Carteret Caswell Catawba. . Production. County. 458,739 ! Chatham.. 269,364 Cherokee.. 189,666 Chowan... 322.159 I Clay 397.716 ! Cleveland. 530,969 Columbus. 288,370 :' Craven.... 310,655 Cumberland. 123,633 , Currituck. 625,374 : Dare. 394,095 , Davidson. 355,650 I Davie 355,138 I Duplin 167,795 ,1 Durham I 77,104 !j Edgecombe. 260,465 '! Forsyth 448,855 " Franklin... Production. 556,224 253,122 107,877 125,139 564,449 398,871 258,628 508,702 176,177 12,288 507,377 254.570 529,036 201.301 355,854 394,651 333,661 The Bulletin. 33 PRODUCTION OF CORN IN 1909, BY COUNTIES— Continued. County. Gaston Gates Graham.. Granville Greene Guilford Halifax... Harnett Hasrwood Henderson Hertford Hyde Iredell.. Jackson _. Johnston Jones. Lee Lenoir Lincoln McDowell Macon Madison Martin Mecklenburg.. Montgomery . . Mitchell Moore Nash New Hanover. Northampton. Onslow Orange Production. County. 410,058 Pamlico 169,436 Pasquotank... 93,496 Pender 407.121 Perquimans... 298,912 Person 624.027 Pitt 426,765 Polk 403,418 Randolph 397,035 Richmond 264,205 Robeson 174,944 Rockingham.. 373,965 Rowan 600,433 Rutherford... 223,256 Sampson 951,441 Scotland 208.122 Stanly 161,445 Stokes 402,525 ; Surry 305,130 Swain 232,739 Transylvania. 229,208 TjTrell 462,396 Union 235,185 ; Vance 477,885 Wake 197,502 Warren 246.028 Washington.. 229,592 Watauga 468,030 Wayne 36,253 Wilkes 299,488 Wilson 221,809 I Yadkin 339,069 Yancey Production. 239,429 253,603 197,925 146,340 310,519 638,932 160,368 621,804 209,551 1,042,060 445,223 553,491 483,155 777,340 287,611 335,976 353,141 498,060 169,065 141,187 94,818 521,883 207,140 606,991 303,701 133,502 218,011 645,592 608,666 433,575 378,932 280,824 (Census 1910.) 34 The Bulletin. SOURCES OF SEED TESTED IN 1911. Variety. Source. Address. Weekley's Improved N. C. Department of Agriculture Southern Beauty- -. L. A. Stroup Tobaccoville, N. C. Snowflake T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va. Poole J. C. Poole - Marion, N. C. Batts' Four-ear J. F. Batts .-. Garner, N. C. Cocke's Prolific N. C. Department of Agriculture Boone County T. \V. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va. Hickory King A. O. Lee Hickory, Va. Blount's Prolific T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va. Parker's Prolific -T. B. Parker Raleigh, N. C. Lippard's Improved R. Lippard - - Statesville, N. C. American Queen T. W. Dalton.... - Critz, Va. E-1.. Coker Brothers _ Hartsville, S. C. Eureka... .-T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va. Columbia Beauty.-. ...T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va. Indian Twin .- H.T.Macon Warrenton, N. C. Biggs' Seven-ear Noah Biggs Scotland Neck. N- C. White Majestic T. W. Wood & Sons. .Richmond, Va. Crook's Improved Crook Brothers Huron, Tenn. Henry Grady W. G. Headen .-.. Austell, Ga. Goodman's Prolific J. K. Goodman Mount UUa, N. C. Marlboro Prolific Excelsior Seed Farm Cheraw, S. C. Shenandoah White Dent.... T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va. THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RALEIGH Vol. 33, No. 6. SUPPLEMENT, JUNE, 1912. Whole No. 170. ANALYSES OF KEROSENE '^-^^ iNiCAL, , ARDJMi 4 BY L. B. LOCKHART, State Oil Chemist. SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter, . February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. ANALYSES OF KEROSENE.* The standards for kerosene in tliis State are a flash point of not less than 100° F. with the Elliott closed cup, and not more than 6 per cent undistillable residue at 570° F., except that oils having a gravity of 47° Baume or higher may contain not to exceed 10 per cent of residue. CARE OF LAMPS. Poor lights are often caused by the condition of lamps and wicks. The lamp should be filled and the charred portion of the wick removed each time before lighting. New wicks should be put in every month. Used wicks should be dried before the fire every two weeks and put back into the oil while still warm. The wick is the vital part of the lamp. Do not try to economize by using clogged wicks. Wicks are cheaper than oil or eye- sight. The secret of a good light is a good oil, a clean chimney, and a dry, well-trimmed wick. Chimneys may be easily cleaned by blowing the breath into the chimney and wiping out with a newspaper or a dry cloth free from grease. If these directions are followed there will be less trouble from poor lights. QUALITY OF KEROSENE. In judging the quality of a sample of kerosene of satisfactory flash point all of the following facts should be considered : It should be water-white in color and otherwise well refined. A good oil may be ruined by careless treatment in tanks and barrels. It should have a large per cent of oil distilling below 250° C, and the residue at 300° C. (572° F.) should usually be less than 5 per cent. The Baume gravity should be well above 43 degrees. Burning tests should show a steady flame of good quality and good illuminating power. METHODS OF ANALYSIS. The oils were distilled by the continuous Engler method, so modified as to complete the distillation in 25 minutes. The samples were burned with a No. 1 sun hinge burner for three days of eight hours each. The condition of the flame and wick was then noted. "Poor" indicates a strong tendency of the flame "to go to pieces" with a marked encrusting of the wick, or with cinder formation. OILS TESTED. The analyses given are for all samples taken from original containers by inspectors during the first four months of 1912, except that where the sample of any brand was already sufficient for a complete test only the January and February samples were included. The tests were made on a composite sample of each brand. ♦Approved by W. A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture. ANALYSES OF KEROSENE. >. . Sg2, "Ed .-, eS C g I CO"" s s ®_: Name of Oil. Aladdin Security.. Name of Oil Company. W Pc< Standard Oil Co. . 91 5 3 1 1 75 5 2 16 7 2 17 1 9 4 1 2 1 Diamond White do- Water-white do Carnadine do Red Illuminating do Pratt's Astral 1 do Crystallite i The Texas Co Lone Star do Red Kerosene do Familylite ..', do Headlight "A"._ ; do Red "C" Red "C" Oil Mfg. Co.. White "C"._-_ ..|....do Aurora Water-white I do. Aurora Red -- do Headlight "A" do Water-white _ _ . Indian Refining Co Blue Grass ..do Water-white Cape Fear Oil Co Soline | Crown Oil and Wax Co. Radium do White Star National Oil Co Superba do Bright Kerosene do - _. N. C. Test White '....do Green Seal White ] Freedom Oil Works Green Seal Red do Orion do Crystal Petroleum Oil Co Electric Safety Richmond Oil Co 106 104 106 102 104 110 108 108 106 110 108 114 114 116 114 116 116 116 120 110 106 108 108 108 104 110 110 110 118 120 > o a « >> SO 43.9 43.4 43.6 44.0 42.7 48.2 45.5 46.2 45.9 46.3 46.3 48.1 48.3 42.6 43.0 48.0 42.6 42.6 43.1 47.6 43.6 43.4 47.3 43.9 43.7 47.1 47.3 45.5 43.2 42.4 :28u Condition of Flame and Wick at the End of 24 Hours Burning. 79 75 85 81 78 80 89 88 88 88 87 79 80 79 78 80 79 79 78 72 83 78 65 80 78 68 70 73 80 78 3.2 4.1 1.7 2.9 2.1 3.9 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.3 3.6 4.0 1.5 4.0 4.0 4.8 6.2 1.7 3.7 9.0 2.9 2.9 8.1 7.7 5.0 3.3 3.5 Fair to poor . Poor. Good to fair. Fair to poor. Good. Fair. Poor. Good. Good. Good. Good. Poor. Poor. Fair to poor. Fair. Good. Good. Fair to poor. Fair. Good. Good to fair. Fair. THE BULLETIN OF THK NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RALEIGH Vol. 33, No. 7. JULY, 1912. Whole No. 171. "Tuberculin Testing of Cattle'' A very advanced case of Tuberculosis. A Shorthorn cow at Statesville. Photo taken on 9th of October, 1908. This cow was in splendid condition on the 15th of June, 1908 PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the PostoflBce at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter, February 7, 1901, under act of June 6. 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter Fairfield.- First District. K. W. Barnes - Lucama Second District. R. L. Woodard » - - Pamlico Third District. I. H. Kearney Franklinton ..Fourth District. R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District. J. P. McRae Laurinburg... Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District. W. J. Shdford Hickory Ninth District. A. Cannon Horse Shoe... Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF W. A. GRAHAM :-.- - ....Commissioner. ELI AS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. VV. PESCUD -- - - Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn - ...Bulletin Clerk. B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J M PiCKEL - Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood ...Fertilizer Chemist. G M. MacNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley -- ...Assistant Chemist. E. L. WoRTHEN --- ..Soil Investigations. *\V. E. Hearn - ...Soil Survey. W H Strowd - - Assistant Chemist. J. Q. Jackson --- ---- Assistant Chemist. E. W. Thornton - - Assistant Chemist. J. K. Plum.mer ..Soil Chemist. S O Perkins Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch ---- - -.Clerk. F S Puckett - .\ssistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY ....Curator of Museum. T \V Adickes. - - Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr.. --- - Entomologist. C L Metcalf Assistant Entomologist. S C. Clapp - Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN - - — Veterinarian. B B Flowe --- -- Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. EATON Dairyman. R. W. Graeber - Assistant Dairyman. A M Flanery - --- Assistant Dairyman. W N HUTT - Horticulturist. S B Shaw - ..Assistant Plorticulturist. O M Clark Second Assistant Horticulturist. T B PARKER - Director of Farmers' Institutes. J M. Gray - Assistant Director Farmers' Institutes. W. M. ALLEN -- .".-Pure Food Chemist. W A Smith - Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C E Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen ...Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS - Agronomist. G M Garren Assistant Agronomist. tE G. MOSS Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tE. H. Matheson Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C R Hudson -- Farm Demonstration Work. T F Parker Assistant Boy's Corn Club Work. R „. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jeffries, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. CoLLETT, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swaunanoa, N. C. •Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry. United States Department of Agriculture. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Hon. W. a. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. Sir : — I submit herewith oianuscript on ''Tuberculin Testing of Cat- tle" and respectfully recommend that this be published as the July Bulletin. Respectfully, W. Gr. Chrisman, State V eterinarian. Approved for printing. W. A. Graham, Commissioner. AUTHOR'S ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Dr. W. J. Hartman, a former Assistant Veterinarian, is due credit for Lis valuable assistance in applying many tests and making the photographs. Dr. E. P. Wood, formerly Assistant State Veterinarian, deserves great credit for his valuable services in applying the majority of the tests. TUBERCULIN TESTING OF CATTLE By W. G. Chrisman INTRODUCTION. In this Bulletin we do not hope to give anything new in regard to methods of testing cattle for Tuberculosis. It is our aim, however, to give results as obtained in our efforts to eradicate the disease from the herds supplying milk to creameries, cities, towns, educational institu- tions (especially those under State control), Penitentiary, Insane Asylum, Deaf, Dumb and Bliijd Institutions, in short, all institutions under State control. The Bureau of Animal Industry has cooperated with us in a most agreeable manner, supplying tuberculin, suggestions, and one veterina- rian for a short while. In return we furnish the Bureau of Animal Industry a copy of all our temperature charts, with reports on postmor- tem conditions of reacting animals. Credit is, due Mr. J. A. Conover, of the Dairy Division, whom Mr. Rawl so kindly placed in our State on the cooperative plan. His efforts in establishing many good dairy herds and organizing the Catawba and White Pine Creameries, of which we shall speak later, were very val- uable. The testing of cattle for Tuberculosis has been done by the State Veterinarian, not as a strict enforcement of the quarantine regula- tions controlling a contagious disease, but on a cooperative plan. We submit to the farmers this agreement : North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Division. AGREEMENT. In Consideration of the testing of my herd of cattle by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, and the assistance of said Department in enabling me to produce and maintain a herd of cattle free from the contamination of tuberculosis, I, (name of owner), of (post-office address), owner of said herd of cattle, comprising (number and kinds over six months old), (number and kinds under six months old), do hereby agree as follows: 1. I will cause all animals which react to the tuberculin test to be im- mediately removed from the herd and portion of the farm upon which the healthy animals are maintained. I will cause the diseased animals to be segregated from the healthy animals, and thereafter they shall remain so segregated. I will not change the location of or slaughter any tuberculous cattle except after due and timely notification to the Veterinary Division of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, giving the exact nature of the change of location or the exact date, name and address of the establishment at which the animal or animals are to be slaughtered. I will cause the carcasses of reacting cattle to be disposed of according to the meat inspection regula- tions of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, based upon the lesions found upon inspection. 2. In all cases where milk from such segregated reacting cows is to be used for any purpose whatever, I will cause the said milk to be sterilized. 3. Any part of my premises contaminated by reacting animals will be sub- 6 The Bulletin. mitted by me to a prompt and thorough disinfection under the direction or supervision of the veterinarian malting the tuberculin test. 4. I will cause the young from segregated reacting animals to be removed from their mothers at birth, and will not permit the said young to suck their mothers. 5. Segregated reacting bulls may be used for breeding, provided they are held on leash (staff or halter) and are not permitted to leave the premises reserved for their use, and provided the healthy cows bred to such bulls are not unduly exposed to infected premises or to other diseased cattle. 6. All cattle owned by me. both healthy and tuberculous, I will mark or allow to be marked in such manner as to enable their identity to be retained. 7. If any cattle in my herd react to the tuberculin test, I agree to cooperate in subsequent tests of my herd according to this agreement, at intervals not sooner than six months and not later than one year, until at- least one test is made which indicates that my herd is entirely free of tuberculosis. 8. I will add no cattle to the said herd which have not passed a tuberculin test administered by an authorized public agent qualified to perform such a test, or by a veterinarian of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture. In witness whereof, I have signed this agreement, this day of .', one thousand nine hundred and Owner of the herd. (Address) Witness : He signs same and returns it to this office. Upon receipt of this agreement we proceed to his farm and apply the tuberculin test. The reacting animals are disposed of according to whichever clause in the agreement best suits his particular condition. In the majority of in- stances the reacting animals have been slaughtered immediately after completing the test. The Bang system, however, has been used consid- erably with gratifying results. By the adoption of this method we have obtained every satisfactory results. So satisfactorily does the plan work that in the entire three years of testing cattle, only two owners have violated their agreement. These two answered to the courts for their disobedience — the courts holding that these were diseased cattle in quarantine, and the violation of the agreement was a violation of the quarantine regulations. The tuberculin testing does not cover the State, for we have tested in only one-fourth of the one hundred counties. The work does, how- ever, represent conditions in all sections, and is not confined to dairy cattle alone but includes all breeds, not even exempting the scrub. STATE INSTITUTIONS. The writer holds the opinion that the State can not, conscientiously, advise the private owners in the State to test their cattle and lose the reactors (as we do not reimburse the owner), simply for the sake of the public health, and the State harbor the disease in its own cattle. There- fore, a campaign was started against the disease in the herds owned by the State at its different institutions. This work was done under the same agreements and handled in the The Bulletin. T An early case of Tuberculosis. Aberdeen-Angus cow at Rocky Mount. A very advanced case of Tuberculosis. A Shorthorn cow at Statesville. Photo taken on 9th of October, 1908. This cow was in splendid condition on the 15th of July, 1908. I 8 The Bulletin. same way as for the private owner, the superintendent of the institu- tion in every case signing the agreement. If we erred at all in this work it was in requiring more of these than the agreement stipulated. The initial test at several of these institutions gave as high as 66 2-3 per cent reactions. At others there were no reactions whatever. With the exception of a few of the smaller institutions we have tested all cattle under State control. The last tests made in these herds gave no reactions. These herds we have tested every three months rather than six months and a year, as we do in the private herds, except where large percentage of disease is found. We can safely state that the cattle at our important State institutions are free from Tuberculosis. ORPHAN ASYLUMS. In our work we have been mindful of the future men and women of our State as well as the present. Fortunately for these little ones, the cattle which have been furnishing them with milk were very slightly diseased, and that at one place only. In this case there was but one cow diseased, and that showed only slight lesions in cervical glands and lungs. The retests at these orphanages have never shown a reactor. CREAMERIES. There are two creameries in the State receiving their entire milk sup- ply from tubercular free cattle, a-s indicated by the subcutaneous test applied early in 1911. Many of the cows supplying these creameries have been tested a number of times. In only a few herds supplying the Catawba Creamery, located at Hickory, N. C, has the disease been found, and then in herds which had added cattle from a distant locality. Prac- tically without one exception tuberculosis has only been found in herds where cattle have been purchased outside the State and introduced for breeding purposes. In the 1,231 cattle tested supplying the Catawba Creamery only one reactor Avas found. This testing of the cows supplying this creamery was completed May 31, 1911. The records of the White Pine Creamery located at Fletcher indicate that it receives its milk from herds which have never shown a reactor, in the two years the tests have been conducted. Our records show the fact that this creamery has received its entire milk supply from tuber- culin tested cows since April 22, 1910. PRIVATE HERDS. In the private herds, like those of the State and other institutions, some were badly diseased. Several herds showed over .28 per cent dis- eased. Like the herds at the institutions the largest percentage of disease was found where cattle had been shipped in from other States. There are several instances where 44 per cent of the cattle shipped in were dis- eased and these accompanied by a health certificate endorsed by the Sanitary Officer of the State in which the shipment originated. The native cattle which have not been exposed to imported cattle show less than one per cent diseased. Tills clearly demonstrates the need of extreme care in selecting breeding and dairy cattle, to know that they are free from tuberculosis. Instances have occurred where the entire shipment of cattle pur- The Bulletin. a > a- O O o 0 o r* ?r n ■1 O "< O D crsr H P cr o fli re » a.< r*- re y. crp Cr 3 c 3 0 0. B P ^ p rr rr a a o re o a 0. ■a ja ^ g T! rn^ rt- rr i= £r il> c p m <■ o 0. Crre » P -1 re Si e'- c n> er f^ CO 3 ►— p cc a "-I re ft H re 3 re 0 D' P ►- re 3 -< fS ro Tf- P i-f- •^ C re S ti- re 5 » no- »•< r* P a a. p p O re o CK M (-»■ P <<■. O. > C m c > «3 C* — n o 0^ o er p I 10 The Bulletin. chased without this State for breeding and dairy purposes were tuber- culous. The damage which would occur from placing such animals into a herd can scarcely be calculated. There has come to our notice one herd of pure bred Angus cattle which was totally destroyed by the introduction of one tuberculous cow. Three months prior to the introduction of this cow the herd was free from the disease, as shown by the test. Six months after the cow was introduced into the herd the entire number reacted. Sixty-six and two- thirds per cent of the cattle were so badly diseased that they were con- demned as unfit for food. In cooperating with cities in securing the tuberculin test we. have had demonstrations, by first testing a herd and then slaughtering the reac- tors and holding a postmortem so the dairymen and others interested could see for themselves the diseased organs. One demonstration was conducted in a town of about 10,000. The cow which was used had reacted to the test as applied by a local veter- inarian the preceding day. The morning of the day she was slaughtered her milk was sent to the city market as usual. At 2 p. m. she was slaughtered in the presence of practically all the dairymen supplying the town, among them the owner. Postmortem showed liver, lungs, intestines, and udded affected, the liver and lungs containing large pus-filled abcesses. The results of this demonstration was a city ordinance requiring the tviberculin test and a vetrinarian employed to conduct a regular milk and meat inspection. From this work has come the inclination of our towns to require meat and milk inspection. More than a dozen of our largest towns now have ordinances governing this work and men placed in charge. When comparing results with other States the fact must be borne in mind that North Carolina has no large cities — in fact her largest city contains less than 35,000 inhabitants. The milk and meat inspection including, of course, the tuberculin testing of cattle, for cities would doubtless increase much more rapidly if sufficient number of veterina- rians were available in the State to conduct the work. There are only seventeen graduate veterinarians practising in the State. SUMMARY In 1909 there were only seventy-nine herds of 990 cattle tested with the result of only .35 per cent of disease indicated. This is a remark- able showing and it indicates the small amount of disease then existing. But the most peculiar, and yet most gratifying, thing is the fact that no reactors were found in the native cattle. Some of these native cattle had been in dairy barns in this State for several years. This .35 per cent of disease was found in pure bred cattle brought into the State for breeding and dairy purposes. In 1910 the percentage of reactors jumped up to 6.87 per cent, a great increase to be sure, but the high percentage is due to the intro- duction of pure bred cattle from other States. In this year several carloads of cattle came in showing more than 33 per cent diseased. Another reason for this increase :- a number of large herds which had The Bulletin. 11 Tubercular cow slaughtered at Wilson before the Dairymen. Lungs, liver and intestines were badly affected. b Same cow as above, after slaughtering, and showing the diseased parts. V2 The Bulletin. been tested some years ago, and the diseased animals allowed to remain, were retested. In some of these herds 50 per cent of the animals were diseased and still a large number suspicious, many of which reacted on subsequent tests. The work done in 1911, when we tested practically twice as many cattle as in 1910, and four times as many as in 1909, the percentage of reaction was reduced to 1.4 per cent. With this large increase tested, the percentage of reactors fell to within 1.05 per cent of our first year's test- ing. Our work indicates that less than one-tenth per cent of our native cattle are tubercular. The cause of so small a per cent of the disease in our native cattle may be explained by the mild climate and the cattle being kept in barns only a short time during our very short, mild win- ters. Cattle rarely go to winter quarters before Christmas. April fre- quently finds them on pastures again. During the winter when they are in stables it is usually simply for milking or during falling weather and an occasional cold day. The remainder of the time they are in spacious yards, or possibly in the stalk fields or meadows. In these herds where the large amount of disease was found the reac- tors have been slaughtered and the barns and yards thoroughly disin- fected and subsequent tests revealed no reactors. We now feel that dairy- men and beef breeders can safely locate anywhere in the State with prac- tically no fear of their cattle contracting the disease. NUMBER OF TESTS MADE IN 1909. ALSO NUMBER OF REACTORS FOUND AND NUMBER OF SUSPICIOUS ANIMALS. Buncombe Caswell Catawba - Craven Edgecombe.-- Forsyth-- Guilford Iredell _-. Mecklenburg- Nash Pender Rowan Wake Warren County. Tested. 413 19 192 48 36 6 64 58 104 1 7 28 3 11 Reacted. Suspicious. 3 6 9 8 2 7 Total. 990 35 The Bulletin. 13 NUMBER OF TESTS MADE IN 1910, ALSO NUMBER OF REACTORS FOUND AND NUMBER OF SUSPICIOUS ANIMALS County. Alamance Buncombe-— Burke Caswell Catawba Columbus Craven Davidson Franklin Granville Guilford Halifax Henderson... Iredell Lenoir Lincoln. Mecklenburg Pasquotank Pender _ Pitt Robeson Rowan Wake Wayne Wilson Total- Tested. 56 292 117 22 362 7 25 35 5 35 148 72 80 53 10 62 192 134 19 22 3 43 126 44 13 Reacted. 1 2 22 14 1 2 1 36 1 47 1 Suspicious. 1,977 136 32 14 The Bulletin. NUMBER OF TESTS MADE IN 1911, ALSO NUMBER OF REACTORS FOUND AND NUMBER OF SUSPICIOUS ANIMALS. Alamance.. Alexander.. Buncombe. Burke Cabarrus , Caldwell Caswell Catawba Davidson Edgecombe-. - Forsyth Guilford Henderson Iredell Lenoir Lincoln Mecklenburg. Pitt Randolph Richmond Robeson Rockingham. Rowan Surry. _.. Wake.. County. Tested. Reacted. Suspicious. Total- 1 104 .. 543 1 114 8 .- 82 .- 58 20 1.231 4 2 82 -. 29 __ 27 _. -- 23 .. 100 .. 268 .- 13 2 .. 248 1 245 7 .- 19 -- 1 17 -- .. 24 -- .. 61 _- -- 8 __ -. 61 __ -- 9 _- 97 28 3 3,484 49 .8 The Bulletin. 15 ANTI-HOG CHOLERA SERUM. For the past two years the !N'orth Carolina Department of Agricul- ture has been preparing and distributing, through the State Veteri- narian, Anti-Hog Cholera Serum. This serum is sent to the farmers of this State when they report an outbreak of Cholera on their farm or on farms in their vicinity. As the name will indicate, Anti-Hog Cholera Serum is a preventive and not a curative measure of Hog Cholera. It would be useless to inject hogs with the serum after they have shown symptoms of the disease. When an outbreak of Cholera appears in a herd, if the well hogs are treated, one is able to prevent them from developing Cholera if this is done before they show any symptoms of the disease. It is not the purpose of this article to go into a discussion of the symptoms of Hog Cholera, but it is for the purpose that the people in the State may know where they can secure Anti-Hog Cholera Serum when they are in need of it. "We are also giving the doses for the differ- ent weight of hogs so that in ordering the serum one may know what amount they will need. The doses for the different weights of hogs are as follows : Weight. Number of Cubic Centimeters. 20 lbs. to 100 lbs 20 Cc. 100 lbs. to 150 lbs 20 Cc. to 30 Cc. 150 lbs. to 200 lbs 30 Cc. to 40 Cc. 200 lbs. to 300 lbs 40 Cc. to 60 Cc. 300 lbs. to 400 lbs 60 Cc. to 80 Cc. The above is the amount of serum to be injected as a preventive and if there is a very virulent form of Cholera in a herd it would be advisable to increase this dose from 5 Cc to 10 Cc for each injection. To make the injection it is necessary for one to have a hypodermic syringe. A 20 Cc syringe is preferable. The injection should be made deep into the muscles on the inside of the thigh after cleansing that portion with five per cent solution of carbolic acid or some other disin- fectant. However, this injection can be made into the muscles of the neck with as satisfactory results. Hogs of all ages and under all conditions can be injected with serum without any ill results, as the only ill effect ever seen following injection of serum is the formation of small abces'ses at the point of injection, and this is due to infection and not to the serum. This can be largely avoided by having the syringe sterilized and keeping the hog in a clean, dry place from one to two days following the injection. We are trying to keep a sufficient amount of serum on hand at all times to meet the demand of this State. We also keep on hand a supply of 20 Cc hypodermic syringes which we are glad to send with the order, if requested, for $1.75 — just the cost. We are now charging 2c. per Cc for the serum and only send the serum by express C. O. D. unless we receive check with the order. B. B. Flowe, Assistant State Veterinarian. LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR JUNE, 1912. Pounds sold for producers, first hand 4,194 Pounds sold for dealers 51,928 Total 56,122 THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RALEIGH Vol. 33, No. 8. AUGUST, 1912. Whole No. 172. fFALL SEASON, 1911. I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS^ I SPRING SEASON, 1912. II. ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL. ML REGISTRATION OF FERTILIZERS. SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Cahter Fairfield First District. K W Barnes Lucama Second District. R. L. WooDARD Pamlico --- - Third District. I H. Kearney Franklinton Fourth District. R. W. Scott Haw River - Fifth District. A. T. McCalldm - -.Red Springs Sixth District. J. P. McRae - ...Laurinburg -- Seventh District. Wn.Li.;iM Bledsoe Gale Eighth District. W. J. Shtjford Hickory Ninth District. A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. W. A. GRjVHAM -' '-.-- Commissioner. ELIAS CARR - - Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. VV. Pescud ...Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn Bulletin Clerk. B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. PiCKEL Assistant Chemist. VV. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. BRrNKLEv Assistant Chemist. E. L. Worthen Soil Investigations. •W. E. Hearn ....Soil Survey. VV. H. StROWD - ...Assistant Chemist. J. Q. Jackson Assi-stant Chemist. E. VV. Thornton -Assistant Chemist. J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist. S. O. Perkins Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch Clerk. F. S. Puckett... Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum. T. VV. Adickes .■ Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr....: Entomologist. C. L. Metcalf Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Ci.app Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. VV. G. CHRISMAN '. Veterinarian. B. B. Flowe Second Assistant Veterinarian. VV. H. EATON Dairyman. R. VV. Graeber Assistant Dairyman. A. M. Flanery Assistant Dairyman. W.N. HUTT Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist. O. M. Clark.. .' Second Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray Assi.stant Director. W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist. VV. A. Smith ,.. 1 Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS _ Agronomist. G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist. fE. G. MOSS Cooperative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. fE. H. Matheson Cooperative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C. R. Hudson _. .Farm Demonstration Work. T. F. Parker ..Assistant. Boys' Corn Club Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. Collett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. •Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. HoiS'. W. A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture. Sir : — I submit herewith analyses of fertilizers and cotton-seed meal made in the laboratory of samples collected during the past fall and spring. These analyses show fertilizers and meals to be about as here- tofore, and to be, generally, what was claimed for them. I recommend that it be issued as the August 'Bulletin. Very respectfully, B. W. KiLGORE, state Chemist. Approved for printing : W. A. Graham, Com,7nissioner. a I I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS, FALL SEASON, 1911; SPRING SEASON, 1912. By B. W. KILGORE. W. G. HAYWOOD. J. M. PICKEL, J. Q. JACKSON and W. H. STROWD. The analyses presented in this Bulletik- are of samples collected by the fertilizer inspectors of the Department, under the direction of the Commissioner of Agriculture, during fall months of 1911 and the spring months of 1912. They should receive the careful study of every farmer in the State who uses fertilizers, as by comparing the analyses in the Bulletin with the claims made for the fertilizers actually used, the farmer can know by or before the time fertilizers are put in the ground whether or not they contain the fertilizing constituents in the amounts they were claimed to be present. TERMS USED IN ANALYSES. Water-solulh Phosphoric Acid. — Phosphate rock, as dug from the mines, mainly in South Carolina, Florida, and Tennessee, is the chief source of phosphoric acid in fertilizers. In its raw, or natural, state the phosphate has three parts of lime united to the phosphoric acid (called by chemists tri-calcium phos- phate). This is very insoluble in water and is not in condition to be taken up readily by plants. In order to render it soluble in water and fit for plant food, the rock is finely ground and treated with sulphuric acid, which acts upon it in such a way as to take from the three-lime phosphate two parts of its lime, thus leaving only one part of lime united to the phosphoric acid. This one-lime phosphate is what is known as w^ater-soluble phosphoric acid. Reverted Phosphoric Acid. — On long standing some of this water- soluble phosphoric acid has a tendency to take lime from other sub- stances in contact with it, and to become somewhat less soluble. This latter is known as reverted or gone-back phosphoric acid. This is thought to contain two parts of lime in combination with the phos- phoric acid, and is thus an intermediate product between water-soluble and the original rock. Water-soluble phosphoric acid is considered somewhat more valu- able than reverted, because it becomes better distributed in the soil as a consequence of its solubility in water. Available Phosphoric Acid is made up of the water-soluble and re- verted ; it is the sum of these two. Water Soluble Ammonia. — The main materials furnishing ammonia in fertilizers are nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, cotton-seed meal, dried blood, tankage, and fish scrap. The first two of these 6 The Bulletin. (nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia) are easily soluble in water and become well distributed in the soil where plant roots can get at them. They are, especially the nitrate of soda, ready to be taken up by plants, and are therefore quick-acting forms of ammonia. It is mainly the ammonia from nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia that will be designated under the heading of water-soluble ammonia. Organic Ammonia. — The ammonia in cotton-seed meal, dried blood, tankage, fish scrap, and so on, is included under this heading. These materials are insoluble in water, and before they can feed plants they must decay and have their ammonia changed, by the aid of the bacteria of the soil, to nitrates, similar to nitrate of soda. They are valuable then as plant food in proportion to their content of ammonia, and the rapidity with which they decay in the soil, or rather the rate of decay, will determine the quickness of their action as fertilizers. With short season, quick-growing crops, quickness of action is an important consideration, but with crops occupying the land during the greater portion, or all, of the growing season, it is better to have a fertilizer that will become available more slowly, so as to feed the plant till maturity. Cotton-seed meal and dried blood decompose fairly rapidly, but will last the greater portion, if not all, of the growing season in this State. "While cotton seed and tankage will last longer than meal and blood, none of these act so quickly, or give out so soon, as nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia. Total Ammonia is made up of the water-soluble and organic; it is the sum of these two. The farmer should suit, as far as possible, the kind of ammonia to his different crops, and a study of the forms of ammonia as given in the tables of analyses will help him to do this. FORM OF POTASH IN TOBACCO FERTILIZERS. Tobacco growers are becoming yearly more disposed to know the form of potash, whether from kainit, muriate or sulphate, which enters into their tobacco fertilizers. Considerable work of this kind has been done for individuals, and we now determine the form of potash in all tobacco brands, for the benefit of tobacco growers. The term potash from muriate, as reported in the analyses, does not mean, necessarily, that the potash was supplied by muriate of potash. Sulphate or some other potash salt may have been used, but in all fer- tilizers where the term potash from muriate is used, there is enough chlorine present to combine with all the potash, though it may have come from salt in tankage, kainit, or karnalite. As the objection to the use of muriate of potash in tobacco fertilizers arises from the chlorine present, it does not matter whether this substance is present in common salt or potash-furnishing materials. The use of sulphate of potash where there is chlorine present in the other ingredients of the fertilizer will not prevent the injurious effect The Bulletin. 7 of the chlorine. The term potash from muriate in our analyses, there- fore, means that there is suflacient chlorine present in the fertilizer from all sources to "combine with the potash to the extent indicated by the analyses. VALUATIONS. ■ To have a basis for comparing the values of different fertilizer materials and fertilizers, it is necessary to assign prices to the three valuable constituents of fertilizers — ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash. These figures, expressing relative value per ton, are not intended to represent crop-producing power, or agricultural value, but are estimates of the commercial value of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash in the materials supplying them. These values are only approximate, as the cost of fertilizing materials is liable to change as other commercial products are, but they are believed to fairly rep- resent the cost of making and putting fertilizers on the market. They are based on a careful examination of trade conditions, wholesale and retail, and upon quotations of manufacturers. Relative value per ton, or the figures showing this, represents the prices on board the cars at the factory, in retail lots of five tons or less, for cash. To make a complete fertilizer the factories have to mix together in proper proportions materials containing ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash. This costs something. For this reason it is thought well to have two sets of valuations — one for the raw or unmixed materials, such as acid phosphate, kainit, cotton-seed meal, etc., and one for mixed fertil- izers. The values used last season were : VALUATIONS FOR 1911. In Unmixed or Raw Materials. For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4 cents per pound. For phosphoric acid in bone meal, basic slag, and Pe- ruvian guano SVz cents per pound. For nitrogen 19% cents per pound. For potash 5 cents per pound. In Mixed Fertilizers. For phosphoric acid 4% cents per pound. For nitrogen 21 cents per pound. For potash 5^^ cents per pound. VALUATIONS FOR 1912. In Unmixed or Raw Materials. For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4 cents per pound. For phosphoric acid in bone meal, basic slag, and Pe- ruvian guano 3% cents per pound. For nitrogen 19^^ cents per pound. For potash 4 cents per pound. 8 The Bulletin. In Mixed Fertilizers. For phosphoric acid 4i^ cents per pound. For nitrogen 21 cents per pound. Eov potash 5 cents per pound. HOW RELATIVE VALUE IS CALCULATED. In the calculation of relative value it is only necessary to remember that so many per cent means the same number of pounds per hundred, and that there are twenty hundred pounds in one ton (2,000 pounds). With an 8-2-1.65 goods, which means that the fertilizer contains available phosphoric acid 8 per cent, potash 2 per cent, and nitrogen 1.65 per cent, the calculation is made as follows : Ti • ir.n T7. Value Per Value Per Ton, Percentage or Lhs. in 100 Lbs: ^^,j ^^^ ^^^^^ ^j,^. 8 pounds available phosphoric acid at 41/0 cents... 0.36 X20= $ 7.20 2 pounds potash at 5 cents 0.10 X20= 2.00 1.G5 pounds nitrogen at 21 cents 0.340X20= G.93 Total value 0.817x20= $16.13 Freight and merchant's commission must be added to these prices. Freight rates from the seaboard and manufacturing centers to interior points are given in the following table : I The Bulletin. Freight Rates from the Seaboard to Interior Points. — From the Published Rates of the Associated Railways of Virginia and the Carolinas. In car-loads, of not less than ten tons each, per ton of 2,000 pounds. Less than car-loads, add 20 per cent. Destination. From Wilmington, N. C. From Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va. From Charleston, s. c. From Richmond, Va. Advance Apex __ Asheboro Asheville Chapel Hill Charlotte Clayton Cherry ville Clinton ._ Creedmoor Cunningham Dallas.. Davidson College Dudley Dunn Durham Elkin.-.l Elm City Fair Bluff Fayette ville Forestville Gastonia Gibson Goldsboro Greensboro Hamlet Henderson Hickory High Point Hillsboro Kerner.sville Kinston... Laurel Hill Laurinburg Liberty Louisburg Lumberton Macon Madison Matthews.. Maxton Milton Mocksville Morven Mount Airy Nashville New Bern Norwood Oxford Pineville _.. Pittsboro Polkton Raleigh Reidsville Rockingham Rocky Mount Ruffin _. Rural Hall Rutherford ton Salisbury Sanford Selma Shelby. SilerCity Smithfield Statesville Stem -_ Tarboro Waco.. _ Wadesboro _ . . Walnut Cove Warrenton _ _ . Warsaw Washington Weldon Wilson Winston-Salem. _ _ 3.20 2.70 3.20 4.00 2.95 2.65 2.48 3.85 1.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.70 2.00 2.80 3.60 2.10 1.60 1.80 2.85 3.12 2.10 1.80 2.96 2.00 3.00 3.20 3.00 2.88 3.00 2.10 1.90 1.90 2.72 2.95 1.60 3.05 3.00 2.60 1.80 3.44 3.36 2.55 3.20 2.30 1.25 3.68 3.04 2.77 2.60 2.40 2.56 3.00 2.10 2.20 3.28 3.28 3.05 3.25 2.10 2.10 2.90 2.60 2.20 3.50 2.95 2.30 2.90 2.30 3.00 3.05 1.50 2.65 2.05 2.00 3.00 S 3.20 3.20 4.00 3.20 3.20 2.86 3.60 3.00 3.00 2.40 3.60 3.20 3.00 2.80 2.83 3.20 2.60 3.80 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.50 2.80 3.00 3.00 2.83 3.60 3.08 2.88 3.00 2.80 2.40 3.40 3.60 3.00 3.60 3.00 3.00 3.20 3.40 2.40 3.20 3.60 3.40 2.90 1.75 3.20 2.83 3.25 3.30 3.00 2.83 2.96 3.00 2.50 2.80 3.20 3.65 3.20 3.00 2.80 3.60 3.60 .80 .20 .83 .40 .60 .00 3.00 3.25 3.06 1.75 1.90 2.60 3.00 ; 3.40 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.90 2.85 3.63 3.40 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.40 3.20 3.20 3.20 2.30 3.60 3.20 2.40 3.00 3.80 3.12 2.10 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.55 3.20 3.40 2.68 3.40 3.50 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.85 3.40 3.20 2.70 4.00 3.40 2.50 3.80 3.40 3.95 3.20 3.55 3.00 4.10 2.20 3.40 3.40 3.80 3.40 3.40 3.60 3.05 3.20 3.40 3.20 3.90 3.80 3.20 3.60 3.80 3.00 3.40 2.50 3.40 4.10 3.20 2.25 3.85 3.20 3.40 $ 3.20 3.00 3.20 4.00 3.20 3.20 2.80 3.63 3.00 3.00 2.40 3.60 3.20 3.00 2.80 2.83 3.20 2.60 3.80 3.00 3.06 3.25 3.50 2.80 3.00 3.00 2.83 3.60 3.08 2.88 3.00 2.80 3.40 3.40 3.60 3.00 3.60 3.00 3.00 3.20 3.40 2.40 3.20 3.60 3.40 2.90 1.75 2.23 2.83 3.20 3.30 3.00 2.83 2.36 3.00 2.50 2.20 3.20 3.65 3.20 3.00 2.80 3.60 3.60 2.80 3.20 2.83 2.40 3.60 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.00 1.50 1.90 2.60 3.00 10 The Bulletin. •i?Jo;oBj; Ve uoj, jad ®n[BA »At:jBi3a •liSBlOJ i«;oi o o tj p, riuoiurav oj s :)ua[BAinbg s (2 o •naSojjifj i3 IB}OX .2 2 •u93oj;t{,I T-l fl oiubSjo T-l 0 C5 l-H o 1 •ua3oj}i{ij o aiqnios a -jojBAV w fci ■' < ■ppv » oiaoqdsoqj M ajquiiBAv ).:! 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(-1 .2 £-5: 3 §) o !i) 3 as-s 3 << T-l u a> 3 > C8 ua a> Q (S o a o o O bD a 03 > o ^ 6 O o a c3 3 o a o c; I 16 05 l-i o CO < so < I O t^ H O o o (32 H 02 a The Bulletin. 5B nox -tad 1«J0X o. oi o a o o a o ••Btuorarav o% ^uai'BAmbg •uaSoj'H^ ^ f— -^ i T— (M ^ (M ^ ^H 0 0)0) c^ ^- ^- •naSoa^if^ aiqnjos •pioy ouoqdsoqj 'eiq^iiBAy in t^ 00 00 o o o CO o CO o o> o o. a at •a 2 a N ■a a C3 a •jaquinfj Xjaj^ioq'B'3 Si C3 a o IS s CO & o a V 3 > fcl ,£3 o ■^ a 3 o s o O o a C3 a •a fl 3> fl O n C a s, 02 T! ■*-> i? fl ^ « G Q u a|c5 t^-2 2 -! r? fl o 1-5 M ^ H ^.m fl .2:5 o~i o t» •73 C o a o O > o 6 O o fl ?. 0 ,6 U 0 m 0 fl -a fo a 0 a 1 0 fl ^ >i 0 0 fl rt « P o ii o 33 fl 02 ~ o a 9 fl OS - *^ S o t: »^ Us fl J3 ^ a a in C o o o — o 1-H CQ -H CM O O ^ s 8 18 The Bulletin. Oi l-H o < m < I a: n: o o o e < ■ys nox J3<3 Percentage Composition or Parts per 100. •qeBiOj lB*ox •■Biuoininv o} inai«Ainba uaSojjiN IT!»6x uaSojjifii oiaBaJQ ■naSoiji^ oiqnfoe •piDV ouoqdioqj 'D]qB[iT;Ay (O c^ CJ m -^ CO CO "^ CO •^ CJ '^ cc 00 M< CO •* ^ s s t>. in § § s § o o CO CO s s s OS CO s K •a- CM ■^ CO CO fO PO '^ rf< '^ CO Tt* m CO -^ CO CO I 3 C cii a a o ^ 13 bO 6 S M J3 O o, o SI W > a 2 02 o Pm a C3 a o « o O o I- O TO s o a =3 .a § ra -a, t5 5= 2 O a CI] a ^ \ 53 T3 O s "3 m I? O >2 o 3 « 5 -a a o a -a .a o o O O o a 03 3 .2 fe a ^ o r O d o O o a cd 3 o si m OS > o o a 03 3 o .^ u 3 m a CO J3 o ft, I a ■? 3 ^_ d d 2 03 O a o o a O o o a c« 3 o a 03 ■> 3 Ph -a a 03 o a o fQ (1) .M o a o o PL, o ja <» 3 .a -c - s _ OJ .3 T oj ■? & •3 a o o o O O o q a a rt -1 3 O o o a o (2 -a a o a s o f: s U3 00 >o s 5 s s oo o o z § "5 o o 00 o »-H o o o CO o o o o o o o n^ □ 3 O u .2 o PL, a 03 a o PQ Ph P4 o d O S 3 o (§ uaquinjij Xjo^BJoqBq o o lO (M '-« 03 ■^ O O Cf o The Bulletin. 19 ^ -^ 1 « 1^ « CM ■o ^ t^ T— OJ o in C3 * ^~ o *— ^ ^ 1^ CO ■<*' -* ^-l 05 ^ CO CO ro -r CM CO CO lO 1- »o ^ CO lO "T in m m - CO o to t^ ■a- 1^ in in n ^ CO 00 r^ lO o CO in m TJ< «T o o o CM o o CO c^ V o at -t- ^ t^ 05 CO o Ol o CM o CM o CO n o m n T CO CO CO CO in CO "^ T »o «3- CO m in "3- in "a- lO ira ^ CO in s CM »— < CO s § GO CO CO CM ^ s o o CO § Oi CM 3 O § M< s s o CD £ o »— 1 o o Oi cs o CO OS o o> o o a> T— CM CO i-H ^ T— o Ph o ^ B O ^ >. '5 ^ CO o g CD ^ -< s o o o n a o O o X o T3 O o a o O s o o O o o o •73 O O o K a-j u '^ o a 03 H o 3 m .5 J= o O s 53 3 a a o « d o 'd s o P -0 O o o d o PQ a CO o Ph -a d ci d o ffl -a a a ■ 01 3 * a o O rn o d tn ca 3 t- n n ifi o o d C3 -0 d o S Xi o s d O s O 03 03 > a o s -a c^ s d O «■ ci o T3 cS PQ d O o d S 6 p. 03 c3 Ph 3 _3 "3 CO 03 3 P3 •sg-s aPQ d o 6 o d O PQ 1 Q o .a £ s I I s cj a w O nd © s o o a CO •^ fcj'S •a d ^ o S -d a o S 5 P^ C3 d o d 03 3 O -d d o s o s o O jd O n3iBAinba naSoJii^ uaSoj^if^ ■ne3oni(ij aiqnjos •pray oijoqdsdqj 'oiqBjreAv 1 i ■2 a 1 o CO § ^ o CI M* •<** oo in «<5 s s g 5! g CI o: a> ~ O ^ ^ ;:^ c o ^ ^ — ^ :r; o ;:: ^ d g 1-1 ■< O P c •< d d T3 I ^ .1 •jaqmnj^ Ajo^BJoqBq tn e9 o d 03 d d OS CO .a a CO o d o « X d 3 O d o « d o P o O o J3 •a d o d o ca o U o d c 03 O d a O a, o U ^ P a C 6 O o d 3 o CO (§ t3 'J f- TJ d t- e.2 .^ *j o i 3 "^ Sfc a.S n ^ ^ V' ^ SP^ 3(1,2 <; Q o o! > d o a P ?■ m *- .*- f-j S rt-O >■ d -a O u c3 o o -3 d '3 +i d 3 O d O d o s o M 3 tin W W "^J d 3 0 •a ;. 1 0) .d Ah IS 03 03 n .a CO c ^03 a DO _a> 0) •< dog C-30 o en c3 "^ 03 ca d o o Ph •73 a O O O .05 -S c5 Cn] U C U o a -dCL.S co'^« < o 3J= <0 O M . dS C3 . .£ £ o feo-§ e3 O d O I?' J5 o O o o o O C d 03 c3 *-> ■^ o SS E "a"^ 3 o o The Bulletin. 21 :^^ — . o > 1 1 t 1 1 1 I t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , > 1 t 1 1 < 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 r 1 J > > 1 1 I 1 > > ( 1 1 ( 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 t t 1 , OCMI>-OC^»0"*«-(OO00i0t^O00C0r^t^OI>-i0 a >1 o r- >> 3 o -a ■2 W a O o -a ^ C3 Q. CO O ■a ^■9 O ia Xin, >, a o O S S O <; pq S fl 3 .2 ■< §^ O 2 a o O ^ " T3 d < Z> O o O S -i< 3 o o .9 (£< -a a "o o d O a o bO a o O go C3 - (-1 a 3 s n o ra C3 'S ^ «; " .£Pn§ c3 ja o. en O ja PL, -a o 03 CO O ja PL, O PQ S .d "^ 03 03 J3 Q. CO O ja a ffi O PL, 03 PLi X^ a tf 03 ■6 a o B xi — 3 ^ ^ a o a ;^ 0) ja o U o m ^^ 0) rt o :S o o O bC fa o 2 O 6 O o a a S o a o a o o C3 > ■a a o a ja o 2 d O o c 03 o o a ja o s O O s o J3 Q. O ja Oh -a 03 btp, MS ^' > Li O ■z 6 U o a 3 o fa (§ 22 The Bulletin. •Xjojobj g C'' OC X u S. CO 0 CO 0 CM in in z/: S 5T? nox Jad CM ^: CO ■> ev ?c ••^ T) CO Tt* CO O! w ^ CM C^ aniB^ gAp^iay^ M in "^ ■qsBloj 0 C^ I^?ox CM ri O o •—1 ! ' ' a •■Braorauiv o^ i s , 2 ;ua]BAmbg N. - g •naSani^ g to CO a I^OX rj ci , o '^ ■na3oj}tf,j ■ : i ■^" 1 oiUBaJo C- o ! uoSoniiij 'A 8]qnjos o -J3»BA\ xn PL. ■ppv 0TJOi(dsoqj < a c^ c^ t^ oc fe s s t^ CO CO 00 CO ^ cc c '3[qB[iBAy 1 CQ ^H ^H *-l *-* — S s "2 ^ "o. N^ g « _a If. eg £ < a £ i i 1 1 > 0 o! .,1 t- J -*-> CO tM II i 03 a 1 i a- S E c 1 1 1 3 ■3 ^" N k j> J: ^ o a - ^ 03 O ^ •r £ '3 5 rR 6< 0 J3 PL, e 1 5 fe 1 ^ 1 © .-3 '3 3 0 ^ -3 g pa ■a 2 O O CM fl g •a " J= 3J3 O 1 C 1 4 - . 0) ft a G. aiHJi ■4^ 0 6 < -♦J a c3 0 ■3 ■3 o o Z O 1 t 'c Pi >< o T3 o to 0*^0 305 -CL, g CO d 0 1 03 a ■5 0 a '3 g r— 1 CO O & (x< PQ Q CO H > _> 0 CB 0 c a: 1 1 r,i 13 u S 2 3 o d ^ d <3 J 3 . 0 (4-1 O T3 03 O C d 1 J "3 d c T3 a o -3 a 0 a a 0 a (3 d 0 c -3 i d 0 TS o '-*J 0 ■3 -< ^ d 1 r« 6 1 ; 1 ^ C3 0 a 03 O s c3 o c 1 o § i 03 3 • o ; a ° § CO -a O 8 03 3 o a ; 0 ; ^' ! r^ 0 0 0 0 a c E is a .=5 c 1 0: c i 1 M -t^ .2 "^ o CJ U -c -a xi -a u 0 u ■^ •5 U 1 2 '5 02 '5 ' "S ;2 i i i ; 03 1 > ■0 c s M 1 >^ fc. ca GO m ffl o OO 00 o 03 CO 0 50 ~io Q "o> " " ~ 0 1--. ■jaquin^ ' 1 3 o 1 o o C5 »o C5 C5 § i 1 0 The Bulletin. 23 49.00 49.20 50.00 51.96 49.00 49.20 - 50.00 ; 51.96 Mil Mount Olive Louisburg Brand claiming Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va .IMuriate of Potash _._•.. Brand claiming _ ___ German Kali Works, Baltimore, Md IMuriate of Potash 9936 10111 ■j^aoioB^ %'e nox Jad $ 37.76 40.14 12.25 19 dl cc 'a- §3 CM OC I-- cr 00 in CM CN CO c tr3 lit CO c. centage Composition or Parts per 100. ■qsBiOd: •■Biuonirav oi iuaiBAinba S3 '^ CO »H OS o ; g fe § 2 g 2 s T -^ 00 CO ^ O CD •naaojii^^ ^ « h*. r^ rf CO r^ cq CS CO c^ 04 c^ eo ^ '■ti •n83oa:H^ OIUBSJO •na3oj^t{^ aiqnfos I • ■ppv DTJoqdsoq a T ■> c s OC > or 1 ■> a 2 * Name of Brand. 1 a J 03 a en O -a oo oi 1 © a o pq & (1 bl 3 OS m 1 <£) a o CQ 05 1- g cd s 1 0) a 0 PQ 1 a 0 pq 1 2 3 6 0 6 0 > Name and Address of Manufacturer. 1 CS u •a c ea GO 6 a" 0) • a o 1 d O 0 i a 3 '5 ;=) c 1 u ■o c £ GO 6 CO a QQ CD 1 o u o s o J) o o 1 .2 o CS 4 a o CD -a 3 C3 m c _a 1 2 CO 3 2;" o a PQ 0 ca 0 m H 0 c 'i !2 0 CO 1 2 00 4 1 0 ft* a 03- a> 6 <5 03 > a 0 a 0 s 6 U ■3 a 0 Li' •jaquin^ Xjo:)'BjoqBi 1 c^ i CO I 0 0 0 ■a a 3 o _ _ ^ 03 2 > C3 0. tn O -a Ah m OS a o .a T3 a as o a S3 3 O -> 3 O a S -a 24 The Bulletin. XjojOBjf'jB aox 1-1 Oi T-i o < m O Z h- ( Cli jed eniBAaAi^BpH Percentage Compoaition or Parta per 100. •auuoiqo uiojj qsB^o— 1 5 O « tf 0 t^ a> *H a *^ 01 z; o u fe o OJ — £^ 1 m >^ -3 3 ^ ^; ' ^ < 3 a cS ! ^ J <« 2 -aajBAV •ppv OTioqdsoqj a 3 s CO 00 o CD O -H 00 CD g o s OS CO to lO ^ 1-^ CO 1-H CD V-4 *-H CO f-H oo CO CO ^ 1-* us «>-4 S'arooiO(MO>>oo>o>"j eooico^cO'^co^cocsj'^co^c^cococo grttooo<3>'H«0«OOVCOOJt>-U5 CMMoeMootoM-Hcqoco-*!— e^otooo SeOc5oO'*'OCOOO>c«5COOOCJ^O'*C^ ^ H H Q •o •a a & :s op s 00 00 o 00 00 o a> CO ivl T3 a a ^ 3 .2 o a 3 a o CI c3 3 a a o .a a o a a ■< .a 3 a 93 G) -** OS 0.1 o M MO Sis n fli o! o 55«-a O P a $ a T3 fit O XI O M a 12 a 2 a 1) -o > 2 O o S a 3 d 2 2 O if 2 a o fl 03 O o -a o P3 2 a o o fl o PQ T3 fl a xi o fl c3 3 o B CO .a O 2 03 a fl o a -a •a a 03 M o o fl oi 3 ►^3-5 ,-, P.C3 S '-' '5 « 3 3 fl oj O o U a a O o TJ S C3 h O 3 O 3 o flZfe a^l <1 CQ 03 > O 6 O i a i H fl fl 3 -*^ C8 O < >. m Ui .^^ o M ,s fl a 3 is ft CO ..a •>>! ■^-ors a C 4) fl 2 o O o fl oi 3 o fl o '3 P 03 > fl o a o s d a o O (« 03 O I 03 fl O n 03 fl O ■ft a 01 o 2 ■ft a o O 03 .fl o fl >) 1-1 d O o fl 03 3 o fl o J3 o! o O ft. 00 OS 00 <0 > o o oi fl a. ■5: fc; u O d o CO .fl Ul 3 O •jaquinfil iCiojBJoqB'-i 3 The Bulletin. 35 o ^ 3i CO io CO o CO CO fO s o CO o CO ■* o s (M to o o lO o CO 1—1 *— 1 CD T-l 1— 1 CO 1-H OS CO 1— 1 CO ^-1 1^- 00 1-H CO 1-H CO g ^ in s s s s s s 5 55 § 3 C*S s s o OO S .-< ss CM CO OS § CD o » CO CO CO CO ■* CO CO •* CM - (M »- w M ri 1 1 -a 71 CO a 1 d b .d jd 0 _o 03 Jd 2 a 3 d 2 d i o 1 1 c 3 d 2 i 1 d o _2 u H d 1 1 i 1 H H o fi s (i h :s 03 w U U U hJ W U Ol :a Ph «! CO o 1 T1 -p i: d o 6 1 r § 03 3 a a *+3 O c C 3 o +9 13 a 1 n a a 3 & 0 "e o ca 4J 3 a i "ea C c 0 d 03 « d 3) a JO 6 ^ fe d d i o 3 £ hi •3 73 d 3 a a o o O fa 3 C a U s 0 u U P o d ^ U a i^ IR .3 5: o c3 "5 O d 03 S S 7 1 a o J5 1 a o jd O 2 O ca d O td 1 1 a -d =1 a M n c ca < d 1 o O .13 > 1 Pw •4^ .a 2 c o (in 3 ' •-: a !r.^ ?n^ S H-3 u -;0 R ca jd rt 11 3S oa 73 a ai a o d OQ CQ > 0 S II 0 d S o a anton Guan auton P< ft O ja fa '3 C3 3 0 £ o pa c W O ^ ^ > U o U u h-i Ph H tS3 tS] < ^ _ ■ > > c > c . ; C ; i ^ ^ 1 C5 c 5 ; ; 1 0 c 1 p: c C £ 5. i 1 .d O c 0 -4. <; (X 1 c c C c c c c ■ c - F i c , o c a f J 1 1 i c f- c c c C 1 p: a J i , c ; r. ; f£ I 1 u > a S i 1 C. t: C 1 1 C C 4 1 5 B a £ < 0 I 4 American York, N ....do.... -§! I 1 -^ -^ 1 d ? ■fc £ ; 4 6 -3 i 1 < [ 1 s CO N ^H CO »-t ,co 05 GO 05 fH 26 The Bulletin. IN Oi o < O a: K O o o o w. a: aad •auiiono s a K *<' >— < C •aiBqding aiCTjnj^ •qs^oj .2 1 inuouirav o? juajcAinbg ■uaSojjt|ij IBJOX comt^eoot^t^eot^cocot^co 1^ ^H CO o 9 s s CO c:> ^^ o o in 'tH OQ C4 CO ea '« CM CI r^ OO o M — ^ -*: o « o S « ua «-l >* ^ o> o r^ a> o» d ri » 00 00 00 OS o 00 r* OO r» OO OO r^ OC 1^. 00 cc > 1 ; S >. 0 o c 5 a c 0 J 03 1 ebane... Ibemarle aerryvill orwood. 1 5- 1 1 o 1/ c i C o Xi X c S .8 3 O S H Ci s o a c or 2 c \ >■ > 2 (- a r C < ^ 1 ^ a ) < ■ 1 ; 1 c -i- C c 2 c § c^ t- a s ^ ; d ■ O ! r C ;. & rs ..fe , -f , £ • O 1 02 £ c e c 1 c tt ■ ^ \i X c 3 C c I c c > - 1, > 3 a i J } ■*- d -a 0. ■» ■ (- a a pi K a .1 c _d « < < < < < ; PC . ir . PC PC a ' ■jaquin^ AjOJ'BJOq'B'J o o s s The Bulletin. 27 05 GO ' ' t^ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 I 1 '. '. 1 'l 1 '. I ( 'l 1 1 1 1 ' CO ' t J J [ [ [ ; ; 1 1 ; ; ; ; ! ; ; I , , , , 1 _ 1 »rs 1 1 1 ' I ' ' - [ [ J j [ ; I J ! I ; , , , , , 1.82 i OO o 2 s? ? § S o 1—1 C-l - c^ M ^ CO »- M CO CO CD >o —I g 05 CI 3 '^ 1 IM cq »- 3 C CO DS "S o a o -^ fl 0) -d o o o oi a C3 02 c3 2; o -a o GO ■d o rji 00 O a o CO :a a a 3 O a o _a o. m O bO a a; a o m o a d .2 o JO O .3 » a 05 O O 3 .^ §." a^ o rf o -^ pq ffl o _ > 6 o .2 .N 0) a, oi >i n pq o T3 •d m O o a 0: 3 O o M 2 o P2 S a S & < o ._ ■d a o 03 J3 O.: 'O bC^bO ^' S o a o o 0. a ^ 03 > O d O ci 3 o a o 'a 03 a 03 o a 03 6 O 03 -♦^ oi o c3 .a S c3 o o o o d o s 03 PQ d O 3 s s a 3 013 O a" o ■*^ >% Q .2 o — ' "S o iS 03 Oi IS o o a ■03 3 o o a C3 3 O c3 -3 01 ^ a o 03 o a 03 3 o a o o O o pq ■5 O! 0 a d 7i > a 2 bj a) a 2 ^ SP "O "' o o n 0) o o. to O -d M o O 0< o o :=i o a 03 3 t; O g ~ 03 n •^ 'd 2; i 3 c» .5 .a Q O bO a M a o PL, O o a 03 3 O o, C3 o d O o a 03 3 O C3 S o 12; a" o d d ^ a J3 o o 03 m a o O o a 0) iz; o o 03 ■« o •^ _■ O 3 -a a o .3 o a a o o O O o ID ft O u O O o O o a oj 3 O a o o a C3 o a" o o O a o +j o O CO 0) s 03 o O a 03 3 O a o S s s 03 03 -a a 03 CO CO iH ^H O -a bD 03 d O o a 03 3 O 03 rt t^ o o o 10 04 to 00 CO C4 C3 _m a 0 .s 0 is- o 03 O o o 00 a 3 o a 03 3 O a o '5. a O a o a 03 "3 ■s ■? ft 0 0 6 •z N ■*^ a F-t 0 ^ i a (S 03 - „_ 0 0 u a V:^ 0 ^s ( ) b r73 .U aO 2; c 3n -a a a 0 2S > 2 I* 2 ta fc^ 00 „ t~ S a 28 The Bulletin. I— 1 1—1 o m < m o S5 I m H SI C3 u a o Q O m ;» < •Aao40Bj JB noj. 1 •anuoxqo 8 ^-1 •ajBqdpig uiojj qsB^oj s a o mojj qsTBioj •qscjoj Iw>ox •BTUorainv 0% juajBAinbg a a •uaSoj-Ufi 1 •naSoiit^ oruBSio •naSoaiij^ a|qn|os PPV ouot[dsoqj aiqEjiBAv CO CI CO CO CO CO «3 CO oo CO CO § Ci 00 o In. s 3 8 CM § CD t-- . t^ %r> r^ r^ '-0 m o CO t^ CO tc tf> *"■ '^ '"' ^" '^ ^ ■ ' § cm' T— - r— cq M C4 - T— e^ V- ci M CI ci c> r-' § i-H g 00 CO lO CO s ■ O. 3 >> a -a d C3 a o -M ■** o O fl o -a •a — T) O O X O Pi o a =s 3 O o a J3 C3 3 O o .a -*^ d .2 W o H O 02 p ^^ £: 3-a a c 3 o ; fl 1 CIS 3 ■a o U O rt ■s «> (!) tt. 0. a a <1> d o n d 03 O d OS 3 o •5 -i -■» o 3 0) d d o d 03 3 O c3 1^ 03 O ;2 o d S3 3 a 3 O m "3. "o 02 (A 2 O a p 3 .53 3 O yA d 2 o O S3 d SS o a 2 d 3 o o d c3 3 o cs X) o ft W W O OS 03 3 3 . c TO O cn't^ m a g'a ? a osO csfe 03 S S S 3 bD 3 •< "o o d O U d a § o J3 o o o a C3 ;2 o d O a -3 a ■ d O c3 ;2 d O -a — ts ta CO -r" 3 '^ o o a> Xi ej .9 S d O TO o a ^ -3 o X! sS H d O o d C3 3 O o d C3 o o *. Z "3 "'I ^ t. o3 TO si ■« TO|«H 03 h3 S f2 d o a O O Q (3 o T3 •jaqcaniij jtJCXJBJOqBI ^ .-H Ttl .-4 to -^ « O GO The Bulletin. 29 CO !§ 00 -* CO iO ri CO -to g CO CO ^ g ■^ CO s K g r^ r^ 00 CD 1—1 CO 1-H Cl CO t^ o t^ CO I-- CO o r- t- oo oo t^ CO I-- OS to t^ o o 0> --I a> -^ o o o o l-H O o »- s o CO O -H oo oo oo -^ oo 00 CL. S W a o m IB •a a S a "o u a 2 > O o o CJ O Eh o O > o a n -q J3 u u CI 13 3 Q > 03 > a § 3 15 tf •? 3 X! a 3 o o 0 2 C I 13 B 3 o a o ■a a o. CO to C3 o J2 n o ■a a o & 2 O a o O ffl '-3 Id o 0 03 3 o a S o U o T3 > !z is 0 t^ a a c! U^ 3 o •a 8 C3 03 a n C3 n O H a ° >> ? -^ a rl o 3 I o a) a O 13 a S3 o > O Eh ■a 3 c3 O P 03 3 o -a a OJ o a 5=^00 13, -1^ (/J C/J m ffi o o ^ ^ O O W C o 3iU3 o O Oi o 3 03 3 a a o o O o o 3 03 3 o a o a a O 3 ^ Ph CQ o a 03 3 o « 3 '> 3 0) Ph -a t^ 03 TJ 3 ci O a 3 o S 03 3 o a o a -a a C3 Xi o Eh 3 0) QQ 03 w §-§ -a o PL, ■a o a "3 oq 6 O c O O ■a ;2; n m K 2 i< o 6)1 1 a 3 a r a «; m S5 1-1 r - ■«j 6 8 ffi .a o 3 n1 w 3 is (^ S! o ■a (-« § «i > g s s C3 -a 3 C3 o . aO o . O 3 — t- O o fcP3 O I? 03 J3 o d O O 3 2 O o d o ^; a" 2 O :?■ a" o •a a 01 o O O 3 2 o U d a 6 O 3 o o O d IS > o I? d o ;z; -a 03 PQ d 03 a o to =a d o 3 O a J3 o s d O o a C3 3 o 3 pq ■a O 3 o a" at d O a 03 J3 o c3 ■3 C3 m 6 O o a d 3 O a c3 2 2 3 O 3 O U =8 03 03 Pk oi O a" o o a f^ o O 'o a 03 3 o 3 cS . ■>Q 3 si P3 d O o a « 3 o >1 a 3 O Sis ■si" - t-3 H tf K fa f- o <5 o o fa o x/1 H < ■ < "^ 1 t ! 1 I 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 ■ 1 > • • us 1 2 69 2.00 2.01 4.45 2.12 2.04 2.73 2.14 1.87 1.96 1.88 i 2.26 2.17 2.03 2.16 2.46 2.69 1.91 o o 3 CO CO 1— ( s gS § CO TO ^ s s s CO C4 TO s OS CM M 04 cq 2 o GO 2 ^ (S 3 o 2; O CO o a o o J2 ^ < a o fH XI ta o O .^ 3 C J3 fl C o O o. 2 O a CO Pk O T3 13 5 CO CS 3 O 13 PQ s 03 P3 'i3 O bl 03 O o3 J3 a » s o Q. O r.> O. S 4J M C5 8 U ^ o S ^ .a r® b cc •i o ^ ^; r 'o o > O o « 1 « .9 3 CU O . >. 6 .b O -^ = c S 3 __ -iS'o a"^ > o «r o Q) S ^ s s .J3 C. (» O Xi Pk ^ 3 u a >. 6 O a; s s 03 c 03 . 4) O K •^ w *^ OT O C S 03-a 03 > "o o :z: 6 O o c 53 3 o a o u o d o o a o 13 (2 o -a o 13 B ^ T3 c3 PQ o p o PQ -d a a OS .S 1 ? s .^ cii'7 H 0)1^ 03 0:3 pq o CO s S ^ 2 .§ C3 *^ ja r o O .S b -3 43 O 13 03 3 •■:5 O O 13 cd 3 o a o 'o. B 03 ja O o u U » o 3 U a «> e 01 3 n, a CO n O S PL, cc 03 T3 03 e PS o -a a fl o .»^ •*:> O O a X B o o Oi bC 03 •a fl o o O o G 03 3 o -d fl o a u 0) -X3 a C3 PQ a 3 &4 03 X O H a 3 a o X 3 "o CC o Q 3 O Q 03 > O Z 6 O ii. fl o S X •jaqran^ Aio^'GJoqBT; s -" CO O o: The Bulletin. 31 ' ' ' ' ■ t 1 > I 1 I I ' I I A I I I I I I I I I ' ' < ■ i ' ■ I I I I I r I I I I I 1 I . 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O o c o o o o o r. -*j <•-> -^ ■M -^ -4^ o o o o o o O o o U O O O O O U U O a a a a a a a a a E-< . ti © J3 © J3 ^o^ ^ © © -^ • -4^ -4^ ■is 3 3 2Z 3 3 3Z 3r« 3 3 CJ O o'^ o O o"^ ' o- ' o o C/J 7J (/J CO 02 UJ UJ OJ «J ci O 03 ~'- a 03 Eh O 03 o a o -*^ =5 H o Z d O o c 03 3 o o fe ^ 3 © .a Fh © fa CO ■d -a © 2 rt fa 2 'a o a a < ■a a S « o T3 03 > O Z oi ■< a o 'a P O a o (n a d O o a ca 3 O o O -a a 03 O a 03 3 o a o K -a O a '3 ago ^ 3 g o a ca 3 a 03 a 03 CO "© « a fa o a ca 3 O a 2 03 > o Z d O o a ca 3 o 1-4 Q. P o -© a OQ S [^ 3 O © o O a o o O © o a a CO a d crt r^ m a" o O © T! iTi a ^ © ,"" o fa U DQ © o a tn ■*^ Mi n '«- S •as a p > CO CM ■<*< CO eo oo CO CI CO o oo CO lO oo CO O lO oo CO 32 The Bulletin. IN 1—1 tH o 50 O ^; 60 (S3 Ed Em I— I O oi E^ 1^ o a fa o OS so • ij •Xjoiobj ^b uox j9d eni^A. aAjiBp-a Percentage Composition or Parts per 100. •anuojqo •a^Bqdjng uiojj qsBiOd: •»»Bunp{ raoj} qsujoj ■qsB^Od; F»ox ■BTOOUiniv 0? ijuaiBAinbg i naSoj^iM l^JOJ, naSoJiitJ DtnBSJO •uaSoJiiN aiqnfos 1 -aai«A\ CO S - . CO ? r. 00 00 00 a o P5 o a o c 53 u P3 o O a o O 03 3 o ■S M M^ S s o &< < < o o d 3 o a o £ 9 c 5 X M O O o u P h 6 rl O o a o « o -♦^ c3 .a <0 a o o a a 3 c a a o PC 3 O o 03 a 3 If 03 bD 3 pa E 5 3 6 O 02 6 O o c ^ A N ? S S 5 ■~ fcS g g So! c O^ .- 4/ 5 6 * 3W 3fi< 3 Q Q H o 03 e s 2 <^ M O c4 o a 'B a a o -♦^ o O bt a O iH o a (U 3 0.20 .2^.2 "Exi'E o d o P.gD O O m 6 U o a 03 .2c a ^-o •- o 0 6 age go ^fe 02hJ o ^ 6 O 1 f^ •5 iJ i > CO Id > -a d o E 5 S <£ > d O E .d o O o .a O o > o o 13 -d o •jaquinjsj S S ? 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CO O o 3 9 =3 20 o ® _2 •SO a ti co.g JO 0 ^ C8 OS CD ^ go CO 0) s: 3 2 a 3 6 O o ^ ^ 6 a ,i4 I **-" -3 (i> P=. o ii ^ »H (M 34 The BuLLETiiSr. 8 a 2 & u o a .2 *m O 0. S 6 (V 1 o ,? anijo^qo •aiOTjciing raojj qsrtoj •DjrtiJTiT^ mojj qsBjOtj •qsBioj •Braotntnv oi iuaiBAinbg •naSoJiifj ITSIOX •UaSOHTiNJ •uoSojiijSj oiqnfos PPV oiJoqdEoq J 'eiqcjiBAv jad sni^ByY 3ApB]ay a S CO T3 a a a 03 •a CO CO TT ■* CO CO lO ^ lO lO ta ^ CD w CO o 1-1 1-1 s s o o o o C5 oo § o g CO CO oo "5 at § OS S o o o CM c< CJ Oi ca 1 CM CQ 1— ( m CO 00 1-1 00 CO ci s o =■1 in CO CO OO I— t in CO o i-t s OQ « N H e u a s g J2 00 g 2 CO |>^ S o CO 00 o o 00 g o a a o '3 « o •♦J tn c s o O o c O «> Id a 2 a o •a 2 O .2 5 .O X 2 S a, •« S^ 01 > K •B a si o o (1, I o H. -o a 03 O a o « c, 03 s > E O c '3 -a o E C2 O « .2 o E O d C3 O d U o □ C3 3 a cj 3 x; a a 3 M u c3 u o 3 < > a a _o 'u a a a o o a o « ca a 3 < o o o « (3 o t.2S § fc c-' s - 3 «: g H o a a 3 O o o a. si a fc. ;S u -6 a o a ^ ^ .2 "3 - rt o d O n s o tn o O 3 o O a o C3 o I > O O C3 a. 2 a •a 2 o CO ■s »- a J3 C3 E ?2 « ^3 ^ "' =3 .2 -S-: w Pi O o pa X. 03 O 01 > O d O •= < -fit Or'' ■ a 2 .a 2 o Ph d o "3 P cii o a 2 CO a % 6 O o o C3 3 i o o O « 2 I ;=> The Bulletin. 35 3 CO o CO U3 CO s ^ o CO r- CO eo g? 12 09 OS 00 s § CO TJ1 CO to s s a to c; CO oo 1^ S 05 h* c^ C5 oo «M 09 oo CO 05 00 o 03 o C-I C3 1— < C5 f-H 00 J CO g O § o o CO •^ oo ^H o to *o 1 1 1 o 1 1 s eo j C-I § ci CO i-H s o § o O o Ui s CO Tt< s o CO O in ?4 in g CO en S; 00 oo o CM s s « ^ CI CM w CVJ CJ f- J CO CO pj CM CM CM CO CC CM CM 9) '3 o 0 e3 a O I o ,0 .a n a GO •a a o a o 6 1 o I > o o 00 cj CO CM CO •-^ ci »- o CM O) o 1-^ ci o CO c> o ■■o 00 Ci s CI CI o OO CO CO CO o S oo o CO o s CO 00 00 CO o o d .a o 12; d .a p: fe o U a O > i-t o d O o fl 03 3 o 13 a 3 "o O o 13 o bl a o O o a a 3 o o O d" o o O o d 03 3 o a o 'a O > o a d O O c3 9 a o a o u 3 O a o ■*-» bD a 3 CQ o 03 .3 J3 « b£ a a o 'a a- 03 ja O a 2 .a d 03 CO u a 3 6 O J3 o 3 o bO> t? < . S .S-^ 3 fcSg a>c; 03 o CO a; •a d 03 o O o a ol 3 o 5 I dr ■ « *^ - OJ 03 ea a 3 a pa a d d o a ^2 a o a 5 ^ .-■Eg ._ a ,„ fr^ (x< o a 03 CJ ai a < S3 o 03 -a 2 O a 2 o O o toH ^-1 «^ .<5 i«5 03 IS o kl O O 3 O W 03 • CO '■- §''- 3 5 3 ■*» O 1! O d end ^ "3 <«-■ k* o Z d O o T3 36 The Bulletin. r-l 05 1-1 o W I— I I CO M ts; I— I O O O H I CO ^ , ■a^Bqding ■qs^oj ■Brnoraray tx> ^naiBAmbg mox •U8SOJ?I|,J •naSanij^ ejqnios •ppv OMoqdsoqj oiq'BjrBAv ■8 e oi 03 N I O 3 T3 < ■a « a> s OS ■jaqnin^ CO I>- w ^ to CO - CO CO CO CO ■ oo 00 00 00 00 h* 00 00 00 3 .a 3 0 a 3 Q o J3 O 5 a o Q. CO •a ■73 O 13 03 3 o 03 o — «* O .g fe o d cj 3 o ffi 3 rr 03 ft XI ja O iH .SP H C .1 03 o 3 o tf a a 2 o o o o 0 C9 3 o X) d C3 o c 03 3 o o o C3 03 XI O E- o 6h c OS o B 0) 3 o 03 Xi O •*» X. n o o 03 13 o_ c o « > S-i d ■-^ r^ aJ i_^ K o O W P -= < P. c CO O o a C3 1 ^ 2 O a o o s 3 o CI o c 03 3 c o d 08 s (2 o c o3 3 o bD O d 3 a 0} .o C3 'to d O o s -13 PQ 6 O o d C3 3 O a o 3 fq .2 ^ t2 "•*3 _w 0) "3 o Xt >. si K O d ce (S> cS XI 0-: O d O Sf'.Sf-Q 'S'cS 3 o o o o u pq s :z; U ; d ^_ o ^ d" 2; -w" 1^ '53 «3 o d & o x: bp S I o O o O o a T3 s O a "cS P5 O a o bD d O S d o 5 O O to OQ ^ ^ a a a 5 a o 'C 03 '^ 3 =3 a r^ "3^W o o d • 2-i^ • bD -^ ft 03 3 o w cS & i^ 03 o ci p^ ;j s S Iz; T3 d 03 O CO i=: Od d o fecq « &^ 1-1 iC i-H 1-1 The Bulletin. 37 s CO CM s CO O CO O OS g O o OS g 05 1— < o (N CM CM Oi « rt ,— ^ CM o o CO § o o O s s o T— 1 >o o CO 1— 1 s CO oc 00 OS CO t^ tr~ CO CO "5 to •* o -^ ] ; i "* ; i I CO CO o CD W5 QO 1— t o 03 cq 1-H o oo CM T-l CO CM CO C^ CO CO CO d CO CO CI CO T-l CO o ^ to CO 05 g OS o C-1 in s CO 1^ CO CKI o C-? s ?§ 1— t g CM CM § § CO CI g CO CO CM 4 M CO CO CO CM CO CM CM CO CO CO CM CO OJ CO ■^ CO 'O- ^ to »o CO so 1^ 00 o CO s O oo QO o C3i o s CM OS S s s CM OS OS CO s s cq s g CO o lO OS CO C o -♦J 02 a 3 o c o c -a o a > CO "2 'S 03 3 o C3 O o .a Ph -a so 3 PQ -3 O &: O cl ^ O H C3 n c: ■-1 MJ ri o c 7J r rrt c fl ■£ d^ t) c3 o H o a 3 o a o s -a c 3 O a S o O o o o 03 XI O H c3 o o a CO O IS o o 8 2 o a g 03 •9. ^ « -S o -a c3 a o s .2 CO o a C3 a c3 CO d o a 03 3 o o o O a o 03 x> o 2i§ xg do O c o a .a.s o 3 ■■^ +j O H » o>: fed-* S S a a 3 o 03*-' a pp X> - a o > ss g a o -a ^x) Q o a C3 3 O C3 O H "o 03 o O o S o ■ - O I- o g^ =8 o a^ 'a SW ^■^ Id-"' ^-^ a a-g . §o§b9 Ph CO > a S a to a 3 ■♦J a CO .S [g CJ a CO 03 > O d O a o o U d 2; t2 -a" a o a 71 o O o a c! 3 O /i| 3 « •a o 03 PQ d O. o a 2 6 a Pi 03 a d O o a O C3 > 3 X J5 a o U oi > T3 a o •a J3 O O a si s a j3 o a 03 03 o ■a o .a pq d ;2 ^" o d U o a 3 O >> o a 3 o o o « 13 a 03 CO 03 > o ca pq d ^ ;3 Pi o O <^ o a N :3 a O g ^ "■♦J a O o ,'*' o "-^ f ) k< bern Cott C. and Neck i n "o3 *-> CO a 13 -tj -^ o ■4^ ?^^R^ a a 32 02 P U* o O o ^ a O O r ;2 FiH 13 -i o a o Ml a o O oj u O O -a u o u cs H a CO m O a" o o O a s o a o CO *-H »-H 38 The Bulletin. T— I c: r-t o < ai O § a 1 o C3 o '■3 1 1 c <1> ■ •autiojqQ •8jBqd[ng mojj qsB}oj raoj} qsE^oj •qsBioj •Biuoaimv 01 iua[i3Ainb2 •uo2oj}i,\j •noSojjij^ oiqiifos -a3lBA\ ■piyy ouoqdsoqj ■oiqi:[it!Ay I 52 ^^ Oi CO 00 00 — r- «3 o> CO e» 0 «T 00 0 ^^ a CO M 0 1 J I '^ 1 1 1 1 ; t^ _ r^ 00 0 »-H CM ca cc M o O 0 ._^ r^ CO •*« ^^ 00 0 00 0 CO 10 ^T 0 r^ CNJ CD <0 CM CI cc - (M C-J C^l CSJ C^J CO CM CO CO in V o oo in 0 0 00 ■«• -* c» 0 0 to CO 10 r- 0 iO ^** •■• 00 ca 00 lO CO N. CO 1^ «o lO 05 C4 ev> CM CO CO e^ CI N M C>J 01 eg CO CM c« CO CO 55 U5 5R 0 0 r^ c^ ^ 0 CO 0 CO CO n ■* CO •«t" M CM p. CM c« CO c^ CM Cl CM c»i CI c^^ cvj c» M M < V 0 E c ,5 2 .a 3 ■3 2 bf c CS F i-i n i^ K 0 CO 0 73 3 __ < IS :s :s Oi ■^ < 1— t ^ H 1 1 K 1 t t ; 0 P C 1 1 1 Q -d 0 I y c a b 1 (—1 <5 3 a 0 d a 6 0 a 3 ; 0 is b a 0 ^ £ 0 2 0 73 C 0 0) 0 0 »- u 0) eS 3 3.2 3 3 u 3 g g "rS C3 C 0 0 -t-3 0 E 0 0 0 0 C is -a c 3 a 0 u a M ii 8 o a S a 03 '3 S a M 'u a R c3 '0 3 3 S 0 .0 O ex ca K (L < ffi OQ s 04 1 i * ;' J d [ ; I 2; 1 d 0 ; z i ; ! 0 d d z z 0 3 -a 0 [ z z "5 c c 0 Z 3 0 Z [ 3 c ? o g 3 c 1 C3 0 C3 |c 0 X c 0 0 0 3 6 0 0 fi 2 i 0 a s 3 6 c E 0 S S d a "5 u E 0 0 c 3" 0 tn i d «3 .2 c3 c 0 i ffl 6 1 3 0 s 0 3 2 01 c 1 a Vi •a c ccl 0 3 2 c3 S ..5 Caralcig Farmers 0 d d 0 1 (2 c 0 ■0 c CQ 1 is c CO 6 d 2 0 OQ CQ m CD CQ 00 ^ 03 n 00 p-( to 0 \ri 0 CO r-. OS »o 00 0 CM The Bulletin, 39 oo CO S3 K CO Ci fe g ^ o CI t; C5 CO to s oo o en as CO OO CO ct? oo lO CO CO PO o o U5 CM CD CM CO CI s o CM C o CM M O o g o o CO ^ g to »o ui to r- r^ CO CO r-t » 1 1 1 ■ 1 ^ CO 1 1 r- 1 CO CO o g to 3 CO s *o ca c* _ CO CO CO, *"* ' o o CO oo CO CO 1^ ^ K oo o s § s T CD s 5 M M OJ M M CM CM w CM CM C4 04 CO oo •^ -^ s to to g ^ -^ f C3 CO CO CO s CM CO CO OO o CO g s CO DO S CM C^ S § ^H .-H »-H " -- ^ -- l~i ^H ^^ ^^ CI in o U3 s to o s CO o CO S t^ r* §8 O CJ s o s 55 § CM CO CI to •* - C^ »-H -■ ^ ^ r-* •— 1 »— < c» ^-1 t-l l-( t-t »-H *-H 1-* r^ r> r^ 1^ o to a m o a a o O « O ;^ -a _tj) '3 "3 d O o d Cj s a (2 g H 3 d E C3 O (§ o 0. o X a o x> Csi « C3 o C o _ tj Sec c c • c— o o <- O g 7.fa fa E C r O <: > > B O O O CJ (]> ■g s ;2 o B s 6 O o a O I > 3 O -3 O cj K £ 3 Q ;2 o XI 09 (U a 13 < Id 2; o c a 3 o CO S <: ts ■- m o c 6 a C3 O CO « O c o -,^ tB a B d O fc- CO u n: o fa 1 G S O P oi O c. fa o U a .C S K 0 2 o o <3 a o 15 2 a XI o b "r M a" a I-: ts) 3 c C3 d o u c C3 (M o 3 a 3 O tc Oi 0! — a •^ a « o o O fa c 3 CO °a b o Q. CO C3 O H o a < : .-. w C5 03 O z d O C3 o 5: fa 3 X a a 3 Q fa fa 3 3 o o a a <; <: < < o _2 CO o •a .^ -H O eso o^ »o CO ^^ t-i »-t C'* 0> t» CO i& 40 The Bulletin. J8(J aniB;\^ sAiiBiaij s P. 1 o a .2 1 1 anuopjo •a^'Bqdtng •qsB^oj •■Braouiniv oj inai^Ainbg ■uaaonn^ •naSojjif^ ■uaSoj}!^ aiqni'os PPV ouoqdsoqj; 'aiqcjiBAV Where Sampled. 1 15 s CO g 3 OS I>- CD 05 tH g o> « CM o 00 S S 05 C-1 1 00 ^|- CO 1 1 (M 1 >n 00 t^ CO ^ — i- CO IM CO CO CO CO (M 8 a s s 1-H o o i-H CO g o r-l o s s CO 1-H § S n c<< ec M CO CO eo CO CO lO CO CO CM CO CO CO CM ! § to (M cc CO CO s to eo in o CM o a> CO ** Tt* 00 CO 50 CO ct » TO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO eo CO CO & ^ s S s g § s s oo s C4 oo 00 g § s ' M C4 » 00 h. 00 oo oo oo 00 r- 00 oo od ^ 2 O cs a IS O 03 W c e 2 2 bC bU g 01 o a o bO a > d o m §3 O •3 a ci £ a o g to O o .3 SO III I < < -< O a C3 3 o C3 O Eh o O M C ;S o 6 O ^ a 01 o 1 CJ .fA n X> 1 ^ a W t. o o & 3 a PQ PQ a 3 ►J 3 o o U o a 03 c3 O pq 3 3 O" o o ci o JO ojf^ a c8 q 03 ;3 c3 pa PQ o o a d O =3 3 O >-5 « o O z d o -3 bO 3 C3 m o ;2 o d O J3 o >> PQ Z o -3 t3 3 >; a ^ 3 0) < z o d U O . o o n :7; n o o c; o « & o o m PQ a o bD 3 ci d O O a pq d O o 3 o a o m pa o O 3 3i PQ o -a S The Bulletin. 41 ^-4 ^ ^H — ^ O '-H M ^^ ^ -H C3 CB s 00 OS ■* •^ s o s ^ 05 t: s § CM C4 -'JH CO CO CM CO >- CO CM CM CO CM CO CO CO CO T-l .-1 O o CO CO 5 s C-J CM C>) CM C^ CM CM (M M C o o ffl o C o U K ci ^ >■ o - L. ^ "o cc "^ o u ^ 2 c ' -M „ o ^ 0) o c ?' o fe O c: -e »— c o 2; a c > ■J , S C ci o CS S t- C 1 U j3 o . g 'S £3 c- c ', g 3 o bC to rl •S c c c d _0 "3 "3 ■a ■o -^ > ■^ ^ ~i S« i 03 ^ o (- 1 O L L. I U 3 O' a -^ o a 0 s 3 .a o *-+:> Lm tt O 2 U^ OJ S3 J3 ^ a i^ m aj (U QJ « -*^ o OJ C a o o U U o 3 c3 3 o a o -*^ -♦^ o O C3 O /-I o 2; a o H O o o a c3 3 o C3 o o a a! 3 O 0) C3 o a CS 3 o o -a O a C3 o o 03 o so p o o O .£f W 3 •s-" a 2; a" o M a o U O a o O a o o O o a 03 3 O 03 O a a o O a o o O 2; a" o bt a o O a o o O o O 3 (g g 3 6 o O u o a d 03 o o o O .a o O o C3 > O o O o a O s o o o O O ;^ -a" .£P la d O o a 03 3 o U S 42 The Bulletin. •Xjoidbj in nox jsd aiiji:^ OAiit;[aa ^ ^ d CT» C^ ^ CM CM £• C^l M CM (M ^- J C4 eo CO eo CO C>4 CO CO - , ■O ^_, cC ^ !0 CO _ CO •viuouiuiv o? ! o CO o »o lO o •^ ^ 1^ CO •"• ci i S iuo|i!Amb3 m CO CO (N CO CM CO CO M CM CO CO CO CO CO CO CO - a T-l •uaSoJjijj ^ g s s o s s s CO en s § K g CM OO CM § » 6 a [ctoX e« CI e -jajBA\ 1 *-i 1-^ ^H »-i »— t-< 1-4 l-H ^-» •-I o •P!ov : oijoqdsotu CO tn c 1 i i !. t QJ , 7 i a : 2 1 ." .s 1 e \ ^ '• c ' c 1 c 3 c ; ^ il £ c. a o 2 c S -'JS % c c « c CQ d ^3 o o o Id ^1 1 •4' • £ . r C . c i i •> c 3 "^ < 1 c 1 ^ 1 ^ C c f c < c 1 d a : til ! .1 H 0 : « I 3 3 "^ i c 3 a ' 1 p. i z i '^ 3 &■ S CO -^ b dij « C3 r S3 'r .D cSJ3 C 3^ 3 c W 03 ti C X J 0 j . a. " o 'CO [ i 1 m ■ c . r ' "d '^ 3 ; o < J 03 3 ■ a 3 K • 1 ; J. I I 'I i d ^ i fc 2 - r^ i ' 0 ^ c ■^ + ^ C 3 ■£ 0 *t o ; £ i 1 "3 H s 3 3 1 d 1 S I 1 D 8 t i 3 fi. 3 ^ t 3 'i ^ ;5 ; m e i d O : p '• ( -1 i ; P ^ ^ 1 ( r c3 3 i ' c 3^ c^ 1 6 3 i '^ > a 03 3 "d ; c ; ' 1 S3 1 ( ^ t !- '^ 3 c , 2 f T3 <; 0 si j CO OJ oo -» •- N 4 CJ CM CI (M e-1 CJ o S I o o .2 C f^ ■*:> & « a V bf! a a o C3 o o H o y 0 fa a o >> a iJ =s :3 •a 01 0. CO cS X! O o S3 03 fS o o -a CO -8 e '■♦3 03 O "3 o i-j O O c 03 3 a c3 X> C c o -o d .a fa w H o ;?: o d c3 3 a o -3 O -7= a CB c3 w CO 03 > C3 O d 3 o S fa c3 s o x> o 73 C ci ei Xt o H g 13 C3 C C3 02 C3 CO CO 03 > o, CO o O u en o O „• o O n >> ^ o a O C3 - i '3 ■* 3- O fa (5 J O QJ fcS » O £3 P. O 5 C3 o > o 6 O o c •4.J OJ , CQ •c & ^. q; ;? S •■ 0 r 03 O -a .a fa 0 c3 O . aO o • :SZ o . O c C c; ^z • ^ 4i o c o -^ bt 13 O d o .a d d .a o o o -a fa "o o d o o o O o 2: o •r) d 2 d a e H - c3 ra o 0. CO « a> O. CO >> d c3 a 6 o O j uaSojjtfij ajqnjos ■ppv oiaoqdsdqj aiqBliBAv C«J oi ec CO CO CO CJ CM CO Csi T*1 CO cj CO CO CO CO o a CI - CSI o CO C5 o S? - 03 CO CO C35 03 00 CO CO s CO CO M CO CO CO CO iM CO ■^ CO CM CO C^I CO CO CO ^ s S to s s' 5 s ^ to ¥ s CO g M w « « c^ Ol (N CJ (M CO c^ CM « CM Cq IM CM 00 »— t 00 g 00 ^ CO o Tf § 50 o CM to 00 00 oo CM ^ 00 9. i-H ^ ■^ w !0 o *-< o to CO to § s § CO o f2 sg CO CI oo ■<1< g CO eo CO s s 00 00 00 00 Ol 00 QO r~ 00 00 oo 00 00 00 oo oo 00 a a ss o o u o O o o K S3 _> ; O = o 2 o o c 2 X ss C _ o o o S -3 2 a it: O c E o O o a o t- ; >. ; u , S o 3 d S 2" "I SO « O ao o c 3 O & cS o o .a O o a 5 o o S o o -o C3 o m X CJ - O c; . 05 o 05 o £ o 3 J3 S C O a O C3 o -a c C3 m S-T.2 a c3 ° a ^=- > o c cd o C3 O -O IS o O cS O H o ^ >.2 a 13 o a o a -a c o 2 O O o O d C3 a 6 O C o O o U o a ea 3 O o ex a a 6 O J3 O O (U -a o .E "5 n d O o s c3 3 o o a =3 -*^ sS Ph O c3 m d O o c O :S < a 3 o >St3 si O a o o a O O o a O a S d a o O "a m O 5J S Ph C^ ^ - a > cj o 3 . O fea^a Ph ^ tie o o So ' ;2 J2 J3 c; c >1 1-1 d O o a S O o ;2 O z d O o a C3 3 o o E o u o Ph ■jaqninf,j XjojtuoqK^j ^ "- ^ rt 2 O o CO o o Ph The Bulletin. 45 O CM lO g ^ CO CO lO OO C^3 CO CO d o rt w s c« .a g o o 03 S o bO S C3 O o n o Ci 3 O s & .a (S ^ ■^ o crt O U a 3 O ° s -^ .a >) o w o o o 3 o O C3 O 03 O O a o o O o ■73 33 fe OS ci cj O 3 T3 c3 »H u bC c3 O Eh o -c C3 o .a M P"H O Cr« 3 O^ o O K tf a § C3 3 "3 o P^ >H g M to . o 3 O P, : O c^ Q, ■|=" O 3 es 3 o c3 o Eh g o 3 o -♦^ ■♦^ o D o •c o W o C3 a 03 -th O C3 . 3 •^ c3 O 3 c3 GJ O 0-t-> C3CH g a S o O o. CO O O f ^ (1> Q CO o O o -c 3 C3 3 o +5 o O o .• C3 CO o 3 C3 ^ o'^ CO O t- m c3 OO's S-« » Eh S K .3 o .3 bO o O (1< a -3 b/j o O w c bC I £ O 3 -g ^ > ^ o £ o s -3 o 3 C3 03 m o a o I 3 o =5 Ph « o ^ 03 O 6 O 03 -3 a o -3 PL, T) c3 3 '3 d O o -T3 J^ > 3 o •n 3 o Fi O ^ rt c rt o - U o U 3 o 3 cl OJ 3 o 3 © o T> K' 3 G O o a 2 rt Pi c3 > O I? d O o p:j o 6 O o 3 O o Pi ^ 6 ^ ■73 3 03 CO o w o -a ■^ =: |7 O -S 3 «ri 2 o3<-> 3 ■"3 . 3 02 M > piH O u 3 o -».s o U .SO. 02 o 2 "o O d O 3 O -«^ -►J o O 3 O g 3 O d 3 ■*^ o U -a •«^ 3 O CQ O o .a 3 03 +:< cS a CO O o Q T3 OS o o o O O O o o o o a o 2>rS cj^-* o j3O^0j3 3>: 3aj 3 02 02 K o O O O O O a o -»^ -*i o O 3 1^ CD .£) -*3 3 C 02 O O o bO 3 03 o X o .3 -.^ 3 O X C^l ^H ^H CD OO CD t^ CO CO CO t- 1—1 ^H O O as CM »o a> CO on J« to 00 '^ CQ 46 The Bulletin. O so < m O '■A cu OS I w En h-l 1«5 o o o H iCjoidbj IB nox jBd 3nii!y\ dAiiBia^ •anuomo •31t;qcl|ng X niOJJ t|Bt!(OJ ^-1 t« ^ ajEunpi i^ urojj qsBioj c3 Pi •qsnjoj s I«JOX o "5 ■Eiuotatav 0' ;>u3|BAiiiba Q, s •uaSoanj^ o O IBJOX (U 1 •ua2oji!j(j 0IUB3JO a> -a3Soj4!M 8|qil|08 -•■^•"AV J.MV OlJOi(Clsoqj aiqujiBAV ■d a> a a oa 4) O J= (M -^ .-I O 00 CO *o CO 8 a e m MM o o 3 a 03 a si o o CO s CJe4cjc^MCMCTMC4e *-( O f-t o '-t »-i X o o •6 a o e s d O bk .2 05 CO o CM CD CO 05 CI O so CM 00 CM oo CO S ^ CO (J> ^ §8 CO o eo CI c» - oi § CD Cl CO CO CM M CO T— CM CO CO CO CO CM CM CM CM CO CJ CO CM CO CM CO CM CO CM CO CO CM CO o -* o § CO § eo o s oo ■* R o g en O S OS s TJ4 s CO CM 1— 1 § cs> 00 m CO CO (M CO CO CO CO ca CO CM CO CO CO CO CM .OiOcoQoh-<009^ aor^cocoQOcoQOQOQocooicaooc>ciodoir*^o6r^odr^isJr^rs^oo o c! •a 03 o m ij a o 2 o .a o OS n 0 J3 a C3 CO 0 n r! UJ ■a a -t> -a a 3 a a 0 o .a H ■S-2 S o "^ > < o !3 03 3 o fl O o H -d fl 03 fl o o O o -3 o O s i .H H ra T3 I-, a 0 m t, o fl 03 3 o o -a -a < a o ■a fl o a a 3 6 U -fl o 05 o I C3 > O 2 s fl o 3 E .5foS fl O o O a bo m CC! 2 O 03 )-! o ^_ • c- X .iS" ^:^ rt-i M i: - r" O O U O 12 .§ ■-3 c ;- o 03 ;.5 c fl o NJ c3 6 £ C w o3- . O C3 . to -§6 HO li 5-:3 «-?.=» « a o .2 si Q Q Q O -3| tOcJ t-,= :3 3r- >> ^d ago £:SE d-So olu 5t3 fc fl §1 o eSo ^^o fl o O 5 ^.^i x: oi^ ■U . c3 ■-;:"t: =^ 2; S " C3-— o _■ — ■ H r J "i o c o Q.2G o o -^. jJijO ID T3 c3 o Si bO s 03 Q) •a 2 O .£P . fl 2 -3-- 3 s 3 .2 "-0 ti-fl o O -r: o3-a o 3 ^ .COfeSS 5--": oil . » >- .to J3 £0=8 8"^ o ^ i,°0 o. o T3 O O 13 o o ■V T3 r- ■* t~ CO CO *-i CO CO •0 CO CI 1-1 CO »-l 48 The Bulletin. itaojotJ^ IB uox jad anfB^ 0Ani3iaH •anijopio ■s5Bqd|ng raojj qsEjoj I •ajBunj^ raoaj qsB^oj cd Hi •qeBjoj g IBJox fi — ■Binoiuuiy o; (M* iuajBAinbg 1-1 § •uaSant^ Cj IB?ox J5 o o ^ ■uaSonif^ ttl a MUVolQ < o ■uaSoa?!^^ w ^ eiqnios -Ja^cAV ■ppv auoqdsoqj Di aiqt:|iBAY Hi Oi • W c K X H o N i 1— 1 ■~" ^ :s HH — H tf H l=< h3 <1 c 1— 1 r3 U a tf O O c IS ;2 O O fa O 02 1=1 !Z2 PH ^ hJ u <1 ■*j 2; § o [ [ ' to CO ! t ; ■* o s ?3 »-4 CO eo s t^ eo CO CO •* S s S K ? s s CM s K 1-t eo s CO s «» n m PO CO CO CM CM CM CM CO "f CO •* CO ■* CO CO •jaqtnn{>i XjOJ'EJOqB'^ ^ S § S g S g O CO g s ^ S 00 5 S g CM CO eo Cfl « e^ eo eo eo eo eo CM CM eo eo CM CO CO CO g oo CO § CM CO g CO oo cv» CO o OO CO 00 ■<*' CO o CO CO - •-H •-* '- — — — '" CI §§ g s SS CM CO s s 00 00 •>9< s § s § g g rH -^ tH r~i «-< 1-t t-H y-i eo '-" *H *-H ■^ "f** ^ r}< O O -^ <£> CO OO O OO 00 00 r* 00 J2 c c as O u u C3 O P5 C3 O O d d I > o cc T3 ■- I C3 . ft rS «J ft J c3 '-'"gccoo s O a S o O a K a o B o O •I C^ 13 B a m C3 o o •a o O H O O O s -a O a o o c 6 ■d c 2 o .a »< •73 O H rt i & o O H c t. t- o o 3 n o o a a t3 oi on 3 p A o O o a 6 C OS M C 3 fe P^ ^ ^« ^- 1. o 5 _a) o jn C t. = 3 O 3 C" o ft cc . Mo « S ^ O 3 g o d O o a C3 ^ O d O O 5 o « pi o bC c I 4i . r? ^^ o a o s o l-l a o -^ o ft CO t S s ^ fe 03 c I i4 pfl O o O H a o J3 O O S o crj C/J H i3 is << N H ^ a" o 6 O "cS c ■§ O „ J3 a Z. 3 o o S I d O ti s o s a o -♦^ K as o O M>H O :S <; .u o alz; ti U e3 .-S^ 01 O c3 g a>'a Of < H lx< H Ph .a O d (2 O ~ The Bulletin. 49 1^ CO CO « eq c^ 6.13 8.00 3.30 5.40 7.00 .10 8.20 6.85 .10 7.05 4.55 ; I 1 1 1 I ! 1 1 1 I 1 S 1 1 i « i I ■ 1 [ ■ ] i ; ; ; 1 ; ; ; ; 1 1 1 1 -^ 1 I i lo 1 j '. 1 1 j 1 1 3.99 4.12 1 3.90 5.11 5.23 .13 4.93 4.24 i .13 4.73 5.20 •o CO Til a> •-■ o CO lO lO •a- m f2 — < OO .X 3 CO V >o o ci c^ c^ C4 Cq CM C^l CO C4 Ol CM CNJ § 00 c^ CD O CO oo o § § s CO »-1 § s_ *-4 °. ^ O s « r^ w s CO s 00 C^ oo 00 o t- s to CO 00 CO CO z oo S to §8 -H ^-t »-l »-i rH -^ «-t -^ ■ »-l '^ -^ -^ ~ ^H M -a a o S u s 6 O m -^ Q 00 00 00 oo 00 00 3 01 ■a a CJ o m 03 3 (2 C3 02 a 'S fl 3 O 3 5 t5 e g: o 03 o a CI 2 O o o £3 ej 3 o 2 »^ "o :g § ° = 'E 3 3 &I n M _ S -i S « o C* si a N Oj C3 fii CO ©"a o o See's O CQ E o p o O 33 g Op-) • •7- 0) . o u > 03 O 03 .a o o .2 ■§ i -2 a fe S .5 o a 03 a S ci O 3 a 03 a 2 05 N & o u 03 H 2 H & S O -3 73 "^-C <;i-i to o o.S - 0-5 -.. c3 fc4 g.O 03 .a OS -3 o o o u O o u o IS .Q O o g a .a tat 2 6 > fe S m K o d si 3 o o 03 O 3 .3 U a H !2i a" o a o O e8 o c o o a o O o 3 C3 3 a a C3 > O 6 O 2; o a o K d O c o be a 03 > .-3 -a o o S CO ^ K o O ^col" 302 o*^ o M 02 O O E o 03 9 C3 > 6 O O O a' o O O C3 > r fa -B 5 C3 00 30 C^ "M ■^r O OO CI C^ CO o o ■< . 03 aZS Ojj; a S-^ o •— ^ o: O O o O W Q C3 d z z a o k, 2 br. _a a 1 1 C3 ^ 6 a d 1 3 a o a a .A S O O o m o o s C3 a > a rr 1 Ai ^ C3 rt 61 C. odS^ -*^ o -^'.3 3 o li o t. -e ^^ C P m^ O fcH O o k. o Z 03 fa 0 - O O o U a 2 O CJ a o 02 o fe U a C> 07 2i. c 03 -.:> a a 02 O S 5 ^ a o -.^ c O o O o a 03 3 - ■ +^ .0 CQ 02 P O lA CO t^ io -^ Oi O ft 1 02 > a o J3 o o O .E ^ E O I i = CD .2 H -c c O fa 50 The Bulletin. rH c -^^^ t/1 1 a s >-^ .a a o o a o xn K < •jCjojocj je uox jad aniB^. aApBp'jj ,-H »-^ :o anijomo o o •»»Bqding mojj qsB^oj ft 5 o •qsB^oj a o *43 •Binomrav oi ina[BAm[)g il ■uaSoJiifsj 1 g •uaSoaiifj diubSjo •sl CD o6 l«^ t-^ 00 o (B o d »-l CM ei w ■) CO CM M O d O o ci 3 o o fa C3 S (8 ci J3 fa d •5 .H fa Oo 3 oS^ a 3 bC a o O E 2r d O C3 . .2 -a >- fc o c < 'jaquin^ .-I -H lO The Bulletin. 51 24.96 24.79 25.97 22.75 24.87 21.23 26.43 25.48 26.92 26.21 25.11 23.92 25.58 24.39 25.27 25.70 25.00 25.80 26.26 26.24 25.30 27.09 26.00 25.87 29.30 25.20 o 8.10 8 40 s „ ; ; ; ; ; 1 ; ; 1 1 1 1 : ! 2 : i i i i : ; nl ; I 1 ; 1 1 ! 1 1 ■ 1 ; ; I ■* ; ; . ; ; ; ; ; & m s o 55 ^ R CM o o oo OS 00 s 3 « s CO •r m ■^ eo ■^ CO Til ■* ■* CM eo •* CO ■ o 00 5 00 5 s g U3 s CO o s eo CM 3: CO M CO CM CO ej •CO n CO CO ra CO CO CO eo CO CO »-i CO *-* «* CM Tji o CD 00 CO 1— I I-< 10 3 C3 0 g CO CO 00 0 0 g 00 EC 0 CO 0 CO Cvl 01 00 0 0 0 CO CO CO 10 CO CO CI --^ - »— 1 -^ cq -^ -^ CM *-H c^ •^ «— - g g 0 5 00 U5 S §§ CO C I-] ^ « 0 o a a o C3 > O (1. 0 a t.4 0 (£ s 0 t^ 0 0 .*^ 0 a 0 0 0 3 ;;> -• '^ H t Lm u ^ C! ^ 0 3 C/J 05 c> O rl ci 3 O o 03 o o O si I O o o Ph -c c 03 o pa J3 3 03 « C5 o C3 > 03 > O > o Z d O o d O -^ 's V o g o o -I < -< o d O 3 o CO C3 3 "^ 03 pq o a a o o ■^S •- C3 o. a cc d > PQ o a a 3 a o a a >, M o 0 03 3 o a i 0 z z T3 3 c3 <; d cS .2 O o J3 o >1 01 o O pq •a aT o s "3 d O o 3 OS 3 o d a" o 3 P9 I <; a o U c3 > o z d O 03 C3 O .*.) 03 gzo M bfX! 'o^ 3 ■5 ci 3 C3'-| O pq O O U 2; a o ■*^ tu a o J3 O □ o O O Z a o o O o 3 03 3 o 3 o 3 O U O Z a o 3 O a o 3 C3 3 o ft o o O o > O 3 o J3 .i: .i: 03 ~ -4- * h-i ti-H w c; o 3 03 3 a ;h - Id •a 3 0) > o a el » ' d) -3 . (H -«A 0 0 -a fe 0 03 0. CO ^ 0 .0 a J3 0 bC w J3 K 3 o z o PQ I z d o 3 o > 03 o 01 J £ s w K d z ' 0 -1^ u 0/ ffi z 6 3 0 ..^ >< 0 s 3 . s 0 0 0 0 bO 3 «« 0 ^ C3 ■c «J n 03 W ; !>. CD 52 The Bulletin. .^ao^oB^ -JT? uox asd anjc^ aAn^pa o anuopjo 9^Bqdjng uiojj qs^joj •»>Brjnj\[ moaj ijsBioj pi ■qsB^oj !3 I«?ox ■B ■Biuouiniy o^ Cl a ^najBAinba 2 •naSoJitf^ ,. n mox '/:. Si, O ^ •U0S0J^I(>I (/J -t; ?> diubSjo K ^ •uaSoJiif^ «.' CU aiqnjos -aai^M ^w /:!: •ppv 0[JOi{dsoqj 'S^ aiqBjiBAv H^ 1 -2 t: S K eg K £ N u .a T tM4 & O o a < < S 00 8.00 p. 10 I : i i :;:;;;;: i i i i ! 1 ! I 1 1 1 I • 1 I ' *-< <£ 1 CO »- . . ; i 1 I 1 ! 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CO o o o c 01 3 o -a (9 b« > -a O O bC bC O 13 C3 o a w « o a di CO w o fc. o -o ^ o s c •4^ fe C") n =1 -w ^ m tn ■a 3 O J3 03 o ^ r: c '3 o a »2 o 6 U o c ~ fe 0) •a B 02 d o a O -Q •?; e o O 6 O o O d O O z c o ca i z c o r; ^ 3 O O a o *^ •*^ o U c o o O ■o c a o o o O 1S^J3 .C ^ ^ ^ • -W -tJ C*M -^ 8^6 CO 02 O IS OQ 02 o Z d g ■a CS > c o £ J3 o U fa PS a d .3 ^ 2 O a a J2 3 < O O T3 IS ^" £ o Z d O 3 o c c c . tc 3 -C m — C!. C P P •jaqmnjNj /Cjo?BJoqBT[ u- -• C =C lO TT t-- .-* Cl o c^ »-• o — * — — Tl Cj 0>> 2 R The Bulletin. 55 7.70 4.30 .10 ! ; : 1 ,' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I i 1 t i '' ! s ' ' ; ; J ; 1 ; J ; ! 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CO 03 e S c3 Ph Pc< T3 ^ O M .a f^ o o O I ci > I o I o O u o fa fe 3 H ^ O CQ ^ o 6 > CO a o cS XI O E-i 3 3 o. a Q Q 6 ^ a d o a O 3 2 OS o O •.J m a o r a o r- U fc O O c oo" CO o6 The Bulletin. •aauopiQ ; 5s 2 O < S3 I x S3 Ei] S3 o o O 32 Z a l-r Oh u o a c o a g o U a •a^Bqdpg tnoj} qsB^oj ■Eiaotuniv oj ' iua|BAinbg lB*6x •naaojjifj a|qn(08 •piov ouoqdeo'ifT aiqEjiBAV a e 3) c £ CQ E 3 3 0 03 O a 03 'Z. jaqnin^ yCjtyj'Baoq'B^ CO o CO (o o r^ CO ec ,_ tc 0 ci 00 t- CSJ ^ 00 «» CO --0 c»> ^ OC en ■^ c^ 10 M m -J" »T tc op t~ a n- <-i CO ^^ 00 a ■<* OCI ^ r in CO t>« ^ CO M CVJ CO CM m CM cc CO CO c»i CO * - »-< CM CM 0 OS — — •0 \— — — ]— OS lO ■«• O CO O h. t>. & 0 CO 0 0 0 in 0 3 0> 0> — 1 0 CO •"f 0 0 CO 0 o> in IC V •«• lO V lO CO r« CD ■0 l^ t^ 0 -H C>J r- 01 ■* - O lO O 00 00 M 0 00 CO CO »c 0 -i ^ ^ H ^ c O 00 O CO C^l 1^ 00 0 t^ 0 0 0 c^ 0 e5 1- »" 1^ c^ *■ - -^ CO 00 5 CO xr ro T CM ■* CO V TT ■* ■* ■* TT ■<»• I. • -H C4 o< I CO 1 ■^ ■* 00 CO s oo 0 > CM i CO 1 .rt 1 lO 1 CM 0 C^ t* 0 1-H . 0 1 10 1 0 1 — < c<> 1^ e>> e« «-H • CM 1 - 1 CO ' •* 0 00 >ffl 00 CO ■^ I 0 1 CO 1 c; ■* to CO c^ cq 0 CO *-H 1 CM 1 5 CO -H W e>> e^ CO 1 CM 1 vH 1 - s s s So g g § s g s s S 5 g S g OC oo !>. 00 00 OC 00 00 ■0 o> h. 00 00 rs 00 00 00 oe >. i T3 c; •c a 0 J3 m c p 0 3 ^ b 0 ' 1 c 5 % > 0 .0 03 5 ^ J3 a 1 ,c u A ei S S >. 1 < ^ ^ s C3 CQ ^ 0 X. bi D § K » a a d tri ^ 1 3 •.J t4 0) 0 ^ i 'a ^ X i .■3 c Q CO 33 oa c '-3 0 .a t r® ■ > g Jl hi 0 3 i5 s C3 a 1 '0 02 i a 0 Q 0 0 s 3 £ 0 a OS 3 c^ cc 1 a d > Si "> MO 0 3 2 > 3 0 a < 13 s a 1 0 J"' 6 "a 0 s a S i 8 £ CQ 0) 0 a 1 s ft. i i 6 i 6 1 1 1 ; i ; a 1 d 0 i i ■€ a 0 S .a oi i d a S bC a ■z a 3 bH a 13 d 2 i bO a 3 b[ c :2 ■3 6 : i s 1 1 c1 is 6 6 0 0 s 3 o 1 B 'S s 0 0 1 c E CO •g eg c — > < 0 0 1 s M 0 c3 c 1 0 ■2 U. 0 s Li 0 a 2 -.J 0 0 d i 0 8 S a (S 0 X W a a) J3 •.J 3 e c E £ "0 ■0 c a ca 1 a E CJ ■D c CO 0 c CS 3 0 a 0 0 cn c E a a 1 cs 3 v ca . .2-M a>^ •< CD m 00 03 CO EO CO ■^ CM r^ 0 00 05 t^ uO c; 10 01 « *-t *— « 0 r^ CO c^ Ol CO eo CM The Bulletin. 57 19. W 20.27 13.54 13.89 14.23 13.75 15.13 14.54 15.62 15.52 17.83 16.76 14.30 15.04 16.03 16.84 16.71 17.48 17.04 17.25 18.69 17.03 17.61 16.76 18.24 18.23 !;i!!IIIIIIiiit'tiiiicot«o 1 ; [ I 1 1 ', I 1 1 ! 1 1 . i . > ' t 1 t 1 eo <* 1 CO 'i J I 1 ', ', 1 1 1 ( 1 1 I 1 1 ' '■ < • ' ' 1 ' « I ' 2.06 1.98 2.14 o GO CO est r- »- — 1 -H C<1 o o CO ^ oo 1-4 Cq .-t CO 00 (M »-4 — < o s s 1.60 .54 .42 .26 .50 .38 .32 .58 .60 .46 .50 .58 .78 .94 1.14 1.50 .88 1.22 .70 .40 .32 .62 .49 .56 .66 .61 .68 .78 .60 .58 .64 1.20 .78 .81 .49 .70 .88 .49 1.09 1.42 . r^ o C9 o o o •H O OS o> o I s m ^ f^ B s 00 Z a o +^ ui a I I 6 O o a OS o 03 > a 3 Q o > o O 3 _3 "3 .a o u > O a 03 3 o 3 Pi m d O O -a a o o u ^ o B « 6 O •a B 5 C tn O o .a > a u O •z 6 'O o a C3 3 a o Q a O a o O n 2 C3 >4 O O a C3 3 O 0! S _3 a o a 03 3 a a m a o o U o a 03 3 O a o b. O W I o O CQ ,a 3 o o 6 O o a 3 O I ^ « 3 j2 -a 3 o 0 0 -^ 0 u a 03 3 0 E a) .0 0 0 00 n a U si ."S CM > 03 "o o d O fa pi 3 3 O o a U -o a 03 a o U 03 03 a o B .a o s d O ~ Q -p « .5 -3 o a o 03 3 > CO o U :3 c3 > 03 ■:3 a 3 O a S o O a 13 3 03 l-t m a o -3 a o > t3 3 O" 3 fa o a 3 O o u C3 O 03 .a O .^ -3 .£P 13 . m fe-^ 2 t3 03*-^ a *- — f 02 tf o ^ 3 .2 XI u a >. d O o a 03 3 o a o -a 03 o o fa 00 -a o o o !2; 3 (S '5 o 1^ o a CO _ c ■igj CO -3*^ 0) 0;= O > ^ 3 a >. d a o a 3 O O -a Hi o a d U 03 a o 03 ■>8 O fcT O 03 > 3 -a u a o U o a 03 3 O a o ja ca u o fa U5 00 58 The Bulletin. •AaojoBj ?t! nox -< CO C5 1 •aauojqo •9^Bqding o uiojj iisb:(0>> OS o CO 1^ ^ s o i S sg C4 US § CO CO s s g — 1 v-4 vH "^ *^ ^H "■ »— 1 »— « o o 05 — o ~. at CM to 00 ? 2 (d c K H K U E=< c Q -o U c >', "B. t-4 tii toH r«5 0 U o 3J o C3 C t c o o 6 fc J3 o o o 2 o o 0 o o n I I £ is o c. o U a o c o s. CO o fe OQ X ■= j3 O Ph 53 w 00 c O O J CO ■a c cs k> CD O Z 6 O O CI z d O o Z -3 JB o a a 6 'S X c « 6 o c C3 3 o •a o a o S S < a J3 i5 C3 O c. CC 6 -^ s o o o tn"C t- •gas 9 s cj a 1« o m 2 c. •n O <£ a C> M 5! o o « tf K o n. 2 £ o O 0| c c c V£ t^ cj c IQ p > ■^ — -^ O B 3 o o Z 6 o O W c o O o U o i « 3 rr -^ n Id J3 << O S !3 ? o a -3 C O s J3 C3 3 o as o O c 2 -»^ o O 61. c 1 6 O o .a a a S .=. S 3 C !» H t= t2 o li r- — < i~ — ci — The Bulletin. 59 o o r- (M •— ^^ f— eg -< O >-< 10.00 1.35 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 ,' 1 ; 1 1 ! 1 I 1 1 1 1 .'■ I .' 1 oo i i , , \ , , . , i 1 to , , ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 «— < 1 > ! I ! .' ! 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I m 1 1 o 1 ' 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • Ca 1 I oo I • I t 1 1 ', - 'i '. » ' 1 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1-1 1 ( 1— »-lT-.C4»— CflT-^H^HT— T— rt »— IN .-H rt CM o o ai 00 o o -.H O .-H 05 O O o 1— 00 00 00 i ^ S CM § CD o o in OS CO o o o> CO 03 o> § s S CO CO § CM C3 O § s en If) io 5 r CO «» CO - -^ ^ CO •<*' CO CO CO TH CO CO co CO CO CO CO in W5 ^ T »c o 3 o 3 (M & CO a OO a CO CO CO s CO I— 1 o K CO ■* cc o m CO CO g g s o 00 t^ ■* M M Oi CO CM ^^ ca J :s 1 c3 a 6 U cj U S iz , o ci 5 ip ■S O CO c3 o o c C3 3 o o 13 c3 CO c o o m 6 O > O ■a o S u o fi c o -♦^ tn cj o s < > 3 O s 03 C H o O 01 c o W a ■3 < a o O Ol 0 o pq < C3 a .3 T3^t3 g a> a o 0 a 0 a < 4^ O .= fc -E n ^i o m o O ■r t, O S CO < : o m a 'a p C3 ci & c3 U d o ffl "3 a a < o a -a 3 o a a o o CS o H -c o a a o m 'cS a a -3 1 i o a 03 3 o _3 "o <; W m 6 O =3 o c3 iJ 6 O ,0 ^ 03 > J2 = " -t:; o d O o c a c O o c 03 3 O c +^ o c ft ^ W PL, o IZ 6 o 3 O > PQ 03 d .a o 3 a c 03 3 o O d I ^ e o a -a o O c O I C3 > J2 .a 00 -o o o o 12; O c 03 PQ o c o o O O o en . 3 a> "ffl 0O.2 ^ 9 e~ *i c3 c -tj ■3 =3 O t. ^o.a^ 03C02O Q O o O 9 i c a 3 P P pq P3 O ^ a o CO a -a a CO o O -c c 3 3 o o O Pu P- >^ C3 O . -C T3 ^? S 3 0 £ a ^0 c a 0 z o3 P3 c° n , , 0 r^: c: ° o S C3 o a "c s a 3 O o c a 03 P, a a} m -o — c 03 > -a" a o o O P- > ^H t^ T-l ■Tfl c; CO 60 The Bulletin. :Cjo;ob^ %■& uox 25 3 o o o a •9mjO[qo •aiBt(d]nt^ O lUOJJ IJStJlOJ ■ajBijnj,\i S raojj qSBjO(j P4 •TJSB^OJ o moi^ a ,o •■Biaomuiv o} iuajBAinbg 7\ o ^i ^ a a C3 naSoJiiy 72 C om^SaQ as i) 2 'naSoJiini ,^'' ajqnios -jam.VV O ■ppV ;*?; 0UOt[dsOTJtI ajqsiiUAV oi _: M ■q. rn C8 'f' CO Si ^ -o a CO s 3 a T3 a 2: 09 n 1-1 lO eo CO o -3 c 3 O O E o O o o I cs > o ■ o C5 Q. VI a o T3 H a a o 2; IS 5: a 2 a O > si 3 2 bl a O a o w o fl 2 o O o a S3 3 o a 2 o O C3 O 03 CO fr- o I § S O o 0. -^ 2 o 2 o O & o Ui o a 2 O O 9> a oo 3 ^ "a 03 0! J —^ a ,£1 .a O «8 S ^ a m bt > tc 03 U) o S a 2 a & O 2 a a 2 -*^ o O 2 o & 2 O a 2 o O a o a o O a o -*^ bS a 'a 6 O i a o ■♦J 03 -a ft; 03 > o d 'o§ o a a ca ;S o t^O bf.yx! OS'S 3 U O r3 . oJ E.g. r? « o -a O 6 O >> a O a O a o a a ~ o O o a 03 3 O «■ to a > Z o O C3 > O 6 a 2 bC a 03 6 O -a a o a rt a .a 3 a 2 -*^ o O ^ ^ o U B o rr\ Z Z CL. .a O a 03 .a & o Ah m 2 a a a o O o CM QO § CO CO CO o CD s « -* s - '-' -< ^H -- " '- — «— 1 — ' — • 1-H ^ "~ ■ ; s g § s s eo s n § fe 8 00 CO oo s g ; _■ - r-i *-^ w^ o >c o t^ o o U5 S s CO •** CO g g s s s 1— 1 o eo o o. o W bO a •c o. O C o O c k. c X K c H U tf O -a a o a : tf 03 > 6 U o a 3 o O o o a 03 3 o T3 a . c O kH t- - -S ■£ •3 >" 3 ■ i-t O r> tf rt a O o K c C c C O c 2 -*^ o O ■jaquin^ itjoiBJoqeq The Bulletin. 61 JC = SO 00 «o 1-^ cr- -!f OV CO s o ffC & § .* ■* & s 1^ s? S a CM CO s c^ Ci > U B Raleigh.. Roseboro •4J 2 2 < Red Springs Maple Cypress... Roxboro a a i Roxboro Pikeville... a V ■v a X Union Perfect Cotton Grow er Cotton-seed Meal Mixture — Allison & Addison's Star Brand Spe- cial Tobacco Manure. Best's Special Cotton Grower Prolific Cotton Grower C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Cock's Soluble Guano. V.-C. C. Co.'s Vececo Cotton Guano C. S. M. White Stem C. S. M Young's Snecial Guano OQ 6 o 1 a J3 K 1 0. 02 2 o (2 u c ^p 1 "a 1 0 CC > a a 6 Special Formula for Yellow Leaf Tobacco. Durham Fertilizer Co.'s L. and M. Special. Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Standard Guano. ' S **; J O H o o B Armour's African Cotton Grower Halifax Guano _. c c c C 1 o b s 2 '? 5 Lister's Carolina Bright for Tobacco . Pocahontas Special Tobacco Fertilizer Navassa Fish Guano. . . . _ _ .S § o 1 Union Guano Ca>., Winston, N. C UDshiir. K. L., Guano Co., Norfolk. Va Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va. ...do - ...do ...do ....do Young, J. R., Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va.... e c 1 ■o c a 13 a o S .a s 6 1 1 6 1 a c 1 to •D C 03 i2 a o 12; 6 O .2 a 0) B < 1 \ a c ; 'e /.; is ■% " , » ; E CS Va.-Car. Chcmicil Co., Richmond, Va -...do e c 1 'a tn CO 3 .a O c: 't-> ' ^ a cj o < ^ork, N. Y. Armour Fertilizer Works, Atlanta, Ga Craven Chemical Co., New Bern, N. C a i o a a O x Q t/. E C 1 a •E <; 1 3 Newark, N. J. Lynchburg Guano Co., Lynchburg, Va Navassa Guano Co., Wilmington, N. C. . i c £ ;§ a c a S c s. c: ca OQ 03 CO 62 The Bulletin. •Ajojobj 113 uox r-t w5 i-l o < 72 I— I S3 < O a o o o P*: ^ •anuojio t •3n3i(d[us O ft CO (2 o ■qsB^oj •Einomuiy oi "inajcAinba s a •aaSojjifiq; F50X bO ■uaSojiif,; OrUBSJQ 1 ' aiqnfos •P!'>V .luoqdsoqj 'aiqninJAy 13 03 3 z 3 C IS 73 < Ci 03 g 3 2 a i^gjE3Ssasssis;j2gss5 I S ? 05 3.31 4.16 2.86 2.73 .40 3.00 2.86 3.31 4.00 3.42 6.00 4.74 7.00 7.16 6.04 5.00 4.56 2.00 2.47 4.00 4.43 3.00 3.06 2.98 3.00 2.84 3.00 3.05 3.00 3.08 3.14 3.25 3.14 2.50 2.87 4.00 4.17 2.47 2.52 2.45 2.47 2.34 2.47 2.51 2.47 2.53 2.58 2.67 2.58 > 2.06 2.36 3.29 3.43 ' ;ss is? is i^s ijs i^ i^ 1.88 1.51 1.00 1.25 1.79 2.04 1.34 1.62 1.57 •* o o o 3 O & o t-i o ei O H CO 3 m u S. a K c o .4.9 o O a . m o CO ce La CO c5 > o Z 6 U o n 03 3 O fe o Pi O o o d T3 a o o O EC c3 o o go O.S o'o • B 03 > -6 a o P5 6 O J3 o c3 a m 3 o a o O Z pi d O E = 00 03 03 OJ <0 .a 03 .a o E- o -a S o a 0, o H pq o O 03 O S .a o 0) c "3 6 b O I 1 Iz^ £^ C3 c3 O CI 3 6 o :3 s 6 O a> .2 CI (3 J3 O 3 03 3 o a 03 03 r^ -s-r,:; « •a c cs GO o C3 o M "3 ffl d O o 3 03 3 o CM o 3 03 3 o a CO J3 o z fl o o O O 3 3 o O ^ 4jD O ^ CO The Bulletin. 63 f g s o 5 s CO s; OO GO 05 CO OS O O fe CO oo o s oc § CO eg 5 "O ^ lO lO I^ «o 1^ 00 CO h~ CO 2 OD N CJ eg s CM CO o r- Cs Ci 1— < t^ o c-j — • o> o o CO CO in t— — 1 CJ CVJ n CJ CM lO lO t— c^ ^ CO CO CM (M (M O— 4OCftOeO0SO'^OC0O00f^»-Hr^OC0OOOOCMO^GC oto^ooioc-i^^HO-^OioOi-iO^ocaioo^ocjcooio e^J■>s^CMoeMoocoeM■M4^»o•ooo■<^^o^-<^^g>coc»oooooooo 03C^OOC3100-^»OC4000Jt^O-<1 O 6 s d O J3 o O i o as a o O c3 O o 3 -a O e C3 02 S S O c ■^ o g • - " a o "c.S <;cs-c? ■< do s o o O > ca D > S d 03 O c >> =: "3 & (3 s o o c IB o c^ o o O Sfe'l .2 N^ o o 5 ^5 T3 S3 C o OS PQ C to M C3 O -" §^a " §■ 2 m o ;2 >, < .a ^ o <1 £ E 3 o SI c o F r"0 _cfl h m hy •a fe CO CO o O a 6 O a o -a fl o S -a o 2 d O s °a <<1 O S <; < ea g <) 03 J3 O a o o c o O o O a o .4.3 o a ^ CO fl o "3 & o a" o .*^ m fl o o O fl a () 3 c3 3 o O o Ol rt ..■^ 3 CJ c3 h o pq ■^^ CJ a o -d o«2-o a O Ph a P OQ ■a o o & ffi T3 O b£l s 3 p c3 o « 53 o T3 fl "^fl- " a , £ t4 (11 o; a 0, 3 ja a C .3 — 'cj o3 a o O a cc o ci a > 03 > o -a -0 2 a fl o o jy a s 2 -a o « PS O d d r1 O O o o t~> fl fl cS 3 o N .a '+3 a a o £ C3 » C3 a J3 CO rt > CO o r^ Oi Oi O 64 The Bulletin. O 72 i I fa o fa o 02 H 7: -I- Aao^oBj ve nox j J9d anjB^ aAi^Biay; •auuojqo •a^Bqdps g uiojj qsB:»o iwjox 1 ■na3oj;ifij DIUBajQ - CO M «• •* ■O >o «»■ U5 CO in n CO r- cc to cc »- rt e^4 CM CO CO s CM CO § OS s « £ to o ^ O s 5 in m Ctl 00 00 o ▼— ^ CM ^H - *-H '- (M CJ CO M O) CM (M CM CO ' ^ 00 to 1— t o C^ o o I « ^ 00 ^ M •* 8 ^ s o ■» o u: O -H o cc o o -a O 3 O o 111 CJ o O N CC-rt •gfc, 3 S K •T3 09 ffl 6 03 a o -♦a o O '3 ft > s C C3 c ~ .§ CO 3. C g o a! O O Eg §^ osW ;2 c O J3 a! i2 gcO m g " . w O n O ft . c3 ^ C O o o .SP PQ c c es 3 o ^6 S| *i O CO .S c !z c O K B C CC _2 C- .S •o s ? ,«e IS > CS W CO DQ •jaqran{.j /tJOiBaoqB7 The Bulletin. 65 o CM 20.75 28.81 24.12 26.28 24.44 25.12 28.17 22.94 27.12 28.52 28.12 29.71 28.56 28.97 28.15 31.05 26.89 30.04 30.43 29.82 30.15 29.12 ! 31.57 29.60 28.94 ' ; ; ; ; 1 ; I ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 1 ; ; ; ; 1 ! ; ; g ,,,,,,, 1 p , f 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 I ■ ;sg§gg§?^gSSSg2SS;;!2S2S§g§5 o CO o o « o PS r- O CM 00 •O CO ■>H CO CO n «a- CO o CD C^ .-I -^ CO CO CO cq o o o CO 'O a "3 0 3 O o w m 3 > m o O C3 o >. (« PQ d o O «3 a & CO O C3 w 3 a o o U d d I > ■a c CS L. fiO c3 a o a o o J3 Cj C3 U I o C3 O a S a a> « i S 03 O PQ a 3 O o o C3 H o u o a a .D o o O C3 > P3 d CO s O a a c3 J3 O PQ o O o a 03 3 O x> c3 PQ d O o O a a 03 (23 d O o a O CO 46 o 0. o o o l2i o Z d O o a ci o s p !> a o QQ O Xi o d O 03 > O d O o a 03 3 o 03 > T3 a o P3 d O u Qj Xi 03 ^ « fe r* pK 20h o PL, o<< o d € 'o i 6 o a 03 6 K P. O CO i 66 The Bulletin. ■aaiaojqQ if> -i- — ■a^Bqding S inojj qsB'joj fe - - - - S. •a^Bunn ?! mojj qsB^oj >- ^ a< •qec^oj o mox 2 ■Btuoiauiv »» S ^na]BAmbg r^ mox z s, o 1 • uaSoa^ij^ Of Eel aniB3J0 uaSoj'jtfj CO £ 8iqn|0S 2; -ja'jBM •piov auoqdsoqj C!h aiqBjiBAv ■a "a * a tf t» H S2 hH H ti &3 Ee. -3 «J a NH ; o o a a o o o CI 3 O O ■6 a o s o S 6 O 01 C3 O s a a 3 a 2 o "S O oa u Xi a s a .3 & u 3 a 04 O a a 3 a (2 o o o O 2 (2 '3 0) 0, S 02 o o O o a o 3 o a o '3 ■3 d §i O a 2 bC a 'S d O pq & IS o O ;2 0 ■§ 1 a — .s 1-9 08 o :S K C3 2 J3 o a! 9 E P^ W 3 •o B k 00 m S 03 d O O a O I 03 > > a o 2 o 3 o S O till a ■a c ca ha CO ■6 a o S J3 O O o 0 C3 3 o T3 a o S a 3 H o a oe 3 o '3 o a a < a a 2 a C3 a 03 QQ <1> a 03 O d O ;3 H 01 a o Z d O o a 03 3 O 03 -H 00 ■« o o o § fe S s 3 s s s s S § 0 to s CO l>- <9 t*- 00 00 00 r« 00 00 10 >o 10 '-C (^ h. 00 1^ 3 «5 35 - S 0 0 0 S 05 i§ 0 fe s 0 CO § M ■* 10 U5 '* m >o «o "5 «n o — .20 12.16 .10 .15 6.53 3.81 7.35 .26 6.05 .13 .20 CO CO 00 o o Ul lO US r^ ■^ S § OO g oc CO o § s CM to 00 § - s o o § o o CO C<1 CO g s tC -^ m M V •<»< CO -^ -* ^* T «T • o o O. CO ■3 » . tf o k 3 ca ■o c OS ■a a: a 6 O t» s o J3 O 03 O d c 3 a 3 si bl ."2 H O ^ ^ >^ o a CO 2 O o a 3 O o u o 03 -a o Xi OS a 3 V 0 0 0 a < ) w J5 CO -0 a 0 m -a a •3 a >. >. C8 J3 S 0 0 J3 CQ a fe h:1 O Eh a o n a cs ■2 " .2 a fo o 2*« a-2 -" 3 |g > o 6 O o d si 3 o o ;2 a o a S 6 O a J3 O oi O si > i 6 O c to ■« k" OS a o a o oi o H 3 O a :3 0 . aO o . £Z o . Oag" a o/'S ■s* 5 CO 3 O oi W o o O a o o a (S 3 O 2 03 O ;2 o -3 o bC a 6 a 0 a OS ^ 3 0 0 r 0 7v ill fc. S t» 0) a CJ 0 < « o o s o a 03 3 a 13 d 9> a H ■9. S 2 o Ah fl 73 q3 U H 0 >, "4 ra 0 pi) a -.3 r/) a 0 OO a bs a V 1 .« 0 ^ >H PQ ^ P2 o o U o a 03 3 o o d O r < o O m a o bc 3 03 PQ "S <» 3 f^ o r a£^ .S o a lag o .3 a o a <[> 03 Si 3 w 03 PQ d 0) 03 3 a K a 2 a a> 3 a 03 IS £ o a 03 3 o a '? 3 PL| o O 03 A (B 3 &Q PQ ;2 o O a 03 a- o 6 O o w =8 J3 bO 3 S3 PQ ffi o a a o o O o O n a Pn 5 J3 0 3 i< CO ^ a ^ 3 W ^ PQ o d 41 o PQ OQ GO 66 The Bulletin. <3i o CO < w O 1—1 I K Eh Pi I— I o « o o Ed o w CO < ■anuojqQ •oiBqding raojj t[ffB?oj uiojj qs^^oj •qswjoj I^ox •Binouimvloi iuajBAinba DlXlBaJO 09 0) I 3]qti]oe ■P!»V auoqdsoqj ojqBjiBAV a g S3 T3 la S PQ o 0) S 0) *«: •a a 03 O (C ^^ CO CT) X) C5 c^ ^_, ■^ Q C- •^ m CNJ Ol ^ c CO »c CO CD I^ o t^ cc rf oo *— ' >o in to in a> (N 00 00 o o 05 O ■* o ,_, 00 CO M s us ^' ^ cc CO CO oa CO 1 1 CO CO 1 CO CQ CO CO CO s lO CO r» o 1 1 o 1 1 1 CM ~\~ o o m V CO CD *■* t^ CD ^ '— ' o '^P o l«. t~ (O CD CO t^ t^ CO o CD CO t^ r* t^ lO tr> •n o CO to o 00 00 ^-. no kO CC o C- o C3> ■o lO ir ■* w lO ■* ■O lO to ■«* •* «D U) r^ t~ CD ^. o o 00 30 o Tt" oo o o oo "St o CD o m ^ CO o r^ o CO 'Tt* cc o CO o> r^ r-^ Ci r- V •* TT CO ■* ■* ^ •>»' ■<*< ' o m cq to C4 CO C4 ■^ s CO CO C4 ^ ; C4 •(f c^ oo ■<*< ; 00 o ,_ (N C5 CO (M oo ec cc »c ' oo CO o: » e^ — IM CO e-i CO CO CC CO c^ ; C-l ■^ ■^ o o> r« e^ « c« o o CO V o CVJ o „ c^ o 00 C ■* CO 00 ^n CO o o> o c^ c; CD 03 r - "C --d C8 o Clj .a _ J3 X J3 O X) c3 a •s .a c i O •a o s 03 3 a o PL. O a o "3 s "3 < a 03 O a J3 O O PQ Q h o 3 C (S 3 o 13 C9 3 o OS (2 o e '^ PQ d O o c S 6 a 03 04 •5 13 = - O o C3 O ^ ci c o E PQ 6 O o a a 3 o o PL. Q 03 > i 6 O o a C3 S O a** o Is-g PL( K CO o p O s o c. 02 & 03 « « c c CS 3 o Q. i c 03 O b. Q « OS > 03 > o £ J3 O t! O o=o > > o O c -s -^ — S fc « *J -H (O = A* = oa CO u > C3 o a Xi >» C & ^ 3 < d o a c S 03 3 i c o ■p 5 ^ > ?. 5 o & & P^ •*^ t. '5 O/ C £ t. 0. Fh a CO ■ Eh PL, c ,<; t^ 0 -4- ^ bl 01 s a Ph PC s a ■»J ^ ci ffi o - O 0 O s o 2 i j3 > 6 a ii >1 S 3 o •4^ -*J ' 3 O C o h ■ QO < c o o £» <; CD •jaqnin^ lO 1-4 ^H (M 00 00 The Bulletin. 69 in 5- 10.30 .10 i . 1 1 ! I 1 1 1 1 1 1 .' 1 1 1 1 1 t^ 1 ! 1 1 1 I 1 • 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 02 1 1 t 1 t 1 1 > 1 i 1 i 1 < 1 1 1 ! i ! 1 1 ! 1 1 m 'i i 1 1 1 i 1 8.56 .13 to 5 to s 5 o (O in s a> o o r- g § S; o s s o g ■^ g s to to 8 CO 40 »o T TT lO CO m o 00 r» CO in lO CM (M CO in to in TT CM <>g CM CO CO TT Tl< QO s to C<1 o o s o o o to o s g § s O o S g 03 o s CO US s in s ^ § g ■^ to to t^ r.. t~ * ■^ CO to h. t^ o O) o .-4 '- M Tl- « OO t^ t>. to t~ o o> § in to s 00 a s o K g S3 o rf ?3 s s OO in ^r 00 CO CO s S3 in in m m •c in in m ;o -6 a o £ o O 6 3 a O o L-. a o ^ o (li > « E o c 03 3 o o O o 6 w C o r/i o c 3 O o CJ c:i =3 O O. 3 d O o cs a a CO o a OS 3 o o -.^ oi •.J o (1, >1 o =«5 E -^ 03 > O d O o O ^ o CM O u Oi 8, CO > o z d 0 2 a a S c O S Oh z s O !lC Id J2 6 .o o t» M3 ?' 3rK c: O C3 > o Z d O z c o +3 M C 33 d O d OJ o n «j O =*i o j3 o bj) •^ a C3 fQ CM 2 en e 03 O a C3 3 o d 03 a) CM m O o o d O o c 03 3 O cq Z ;^ 1; > -.J O Eh O 33 0) n CO en "3° O o a c8 03 O 0? d o 02 a c H % CQ •d CQ d o .a -3 03 d 2 a ^ ^i a u 0 Q H 0. f2 1 1) 0 T3 ja s em 0 a XI 611 « K 0 0 (1) 0 a 03 V( a, > o O J3 a GQ o .a o O 03 CO o a < -a a 03 td-s »^ l: Ph > a o (r> a o o o a 2 a I d O o a d a o o O CO 70 The Bulletin. r-l (Si tH o < O ►—I CO 7i CS C o jad AJdOBJ ^B UOX 8 anuotqo ■3!jBqd|ng UIOJJ qs'B^oj 1 Composition "Biuoraniy a> iuajBAinbji jntage •aaSoJlif^ uaSojiTfj ajqnios •pioy oiaoqdsoqj siq'BjrcAV "E S •5 $42.17 43.89 38.87 37.35 34.08 31.55 35.52 35.43 32.91 .34. ()3 35.08 31.32 36.89 31.44 29.46 37.57 40.25 1 J 1 1' 1 !! 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 < , , , , , 1 , 1 , . 1 r 1 1 . . ; ; ; ! i i : ! : : : 1 1 ; • j j § 00 s 00 § s & to 1^ in 0 s 0 0 1^ g 0 0 0 CS T CD CM C-l CO cc CVi n CO 1< ^ eg T Tt< n M c*l s S § s s CO s g s *-< S s CO 10 § ■* t^ 0 OS 0 00 o> 00 o> OS 00 00 o> 00 cn r^ I- 0 0 o 05 N H K Ed C u IS r- 00 s d 2 be c Q. o ■3 g o s X W o d •3 c o E J2 O O J3 c o a o H (1> a C Z' 6 O o c a 2 o bC o ^ ;: o o J3 o o O c o S J3 ^ ^ o o •5 O o I c ^ c 6 I C o o « c •§ o O o E •A . ^ o o g : . a > fa . 5 % J3 Q 03 c 2 a o a OS C3 O .0 .a 02 S 02 a <2 c a o c £ < O I u T < V; a C3'- c c E « CO •jaquirifij , .{Jo^EJoq'Bq I The Bulletin. 71 r- r* CO 00 1— »-« f«-rs.^'— ir-i-«^i-H*-HO^ (M 1-" r- ^H CO C<) »-« CSI i-H ^ *-! 72 The Bulletin. 1—1 O < m o tn I Pi 03 <1 I— I a o o o CO 12: J3d Xjfnocj IB nox 1 i s •amjopio IH o ■qsB^oj IB*OX a o •t!TTTnTT7TTTVr 01 g I I I t • O a S a iua[BA;nb3 ■naSoaii^ oniBSJo aiqnios ■ppv ouoqdsoq^j ajqBjrBAy a E DO J3 OS PQ "c s Id N p-i Q re5 73 ■73 <;, T3 si •jaquinf^ XjojBJoq'B'j »- ^ « a> o o o> — o> *-! 13 3 O a a !» >> OS 3 cr 3 S 2 a <& T3 0 o 113 s 2 a > en -' o ^ 0) «i; a S O 03 > o OS 02 a o a •a o o d .a •73 a 03 o c o m o £ 3 o Oi -d a 03 a o m a "a J3 =. a . jo a 03 ? > ^ a 3 ^ CC "3 o T3 03 u o "2 -5 . ■a o .2 c .7: . o -►^ (E . * M a CC C3J3 s3X o PL, X =3 c3 a o 35 « pq_ H a o CQ £ "o J2 O C O 2 a" 2 z d M O o O bi ;5 ^" O d O 3 := ■K. ■■£ eZ a 03 . C3 'C t **- o o o a>^a 03 o M > o d O :S ►:! o O J3 O d o OS J3 a, "© 03 o OS > z s; -s .a o .a bO -'^ £ » o d ,0 .2 0^ o 32 «!;<<<«<< bC 3 03 « 1 ^ I 6 j3-a" S "2 bp2 ■S|S g 03 ci s o Q o a 3 o ^ o PL, O a * 2 > i I d O o a oi 3 o a o a £ o u o s — L.-: — . The Bulletin. 73 O -r O r- -r -i* — . O — — . c-t ^^ ^ 25 -c m XI o a, o "2 ~ ■S - P -r _= "o s o -5 'X o o ^ Q acQ S S Q 3j > a o « c :z; o •-5 o a o -*^ a I o C c3 O c3 O S O « a 33 •« 6 X 1^1 ^ £ -Ti o c i^ a -;:j o o ,u n :) u z-^ o «v C3 ^^ a S 3 2 J3 o ^ I s 05 Ph 03 ;a3Q3 ■■SaO 0 o w 1 Si a-a c3 O z d O o a C3 3 O (D O O PL, ^ 6 O J3 o a 03 o ft, O IM -H CO OS ! -i" cvi « (N C-) at I s O 04 »0 T- o o» i O M 2 bL e U a o O _x x >> a o 3 = c? 1^ X ^ Si fa oTi o 3 03 u S a 61) a 11 a a a o 3 f^ 3 a H W CO ,J s iJ < o Ph -a 3 2 o C3 o =a o « -a 03 ■a C 03 -a "o a? "3 CO 5 ^ r3 -; - « ss cj o^ 1-) p:; s 03 -a a ^ ' cqO, « c"3 o £ gf^ -^ g =3 - §"3.3 :3 03 go 3 *^ 02 H d •a a _3 "o OJ 3 o ffl o On O 3 -PQ oi a a _ o o SPQa 2i S a . ^ z -- a" o t; ti o o Z d O o Z d O o a 53 a a 5-^ o O 'a 3 O 3 O J2 O (in o « a o O d "^ — M a ^ s f!H 03 o 3 o O < Davie Pho Durh o O t^ . » o t- S t- a>— 3 =3 3 2 ^ ra C3 ^ 3PL, Q 74 The Bulletin. I-H 05 iH O m < o ;?; I— I 03 Hi o O o >^ jad AjoiOBj IB nox s auTJOiqo ■aiBqdjng j •a^lBiJnpi mojj qsB^o^ •qeB^oj .2 •■Binotnuiv oi jnaiBAinba g a •naSoi'JH^ FJOX naSoJitf^ oinBaJQ §SSS?-§S£S CMPOooccif>Tor»- «a'»-cDaiO>cor>.r^ ^o — eM(MMe>4ccc>ieMC^CM«e>jeMCMeM «> M i i i : I M M M M M g ^ •uaaojiif^ aiqnjos -jaiB^ •ppv ouoi{dsot({j ajq^HBAV O »H — . o o> — o O PL, c o -O O o & o o PL| -a a a o B s o a, •v a B O 03 O > J3 o o a. C a d ,C a n O .A a u o C. = O O o o a CO 03 O O X ii • - - a, o c o o s C3 o c o O 111 s o t. CM in o 00 o CM •^ f ^ ro « -rf ^ CO CO CM tc cc CM eg CM CO »— 1 CM cc »— 1 CM ^ CM CM ;;;;;;;;;;;; 1 ;;;;;;;;;;;; ; . . . ' • 1 < < 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 • 1 t 1 ■ 1 5.78 3.24 3,85 5.()7 3.37 4.18 4.44 4.25 4.97 3.93 3.09 3.65 3.90 3.17 3.65 3,96 3.12 3.77 3.88 3.68 4.33 4.48 4.94 3.32 3.54 4.33 1 1 1 1 1 1 •< 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 1 •■ 1 1 1 1 1 < 1 '1 1 1 1 1 1 1 < 1 1 I I 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i o Is "3 O S C3 3 o =^ >" Q. ^■ CO K 4) CD o C3.C O 0_. ^|?^§ -- O to S_ « ^ m V) t- CO o •a fl d a> a o IB 3 9! O bO 3 < O O a o o o 6 O o H 5 S o a C3 3 o pa ; ; ! ; <^' 1 > d c o ; t2 C3 > C c bo ■a S 2 i ^ 5 3 J5 o S > c c > .is' 0 i Z C b£ z c 1 3 : c ; c ! c 0 £ o c d O ; ^ I *^ o O > d a, C o O 1 o n .«3 d O a n .a o s d O o 6 Cm. CJ d O o c O C o c d (D o : s 1 -§ is O a o d o ry. 1) 5 a o C3 3 o 0) o E n S 3 C o S c OS 3 o fl O a J- c o CO 5 a Q thcrn Cotto C. ft Fertilizer b. 1 I" 1 g 1 i z c o ^ PL, so Ph 1 2 o ^ 3 eg CO M ^ ; s 2: « »o c^ OS cc O o ^ — CO OO ^ o 76 The Bulletin. OS m < < 12, o o CO CO OJ CO CO CO lO s o gg o o c^ s o § 5 CO C4 e^i CO CO CM CVJ -r ej ^ ..*' -I* M -f lO »o ■>»• tf> __^-- _ •autjojqo •a'jBqding tnojj qsB^Ojj ^^ a< •qs^oj O a .2 mox Binouiuiy o^ 6x 4^ o 1 ■ aaSoj^ijij m a aiUBgJO < Prl ■ naSoJii^ Xfl Ph 8iqn|os o •ppv 1^ Duoqdsoqj d [qBJIBAV -i m ■fi, in « 02 CO J3 1 hH ^ 3 •-^ Ul — pi fe ►^ o k-M -d -fl a N-H H^ f, f^ U « "S >— 1 >«5 s ^H 03 *^ 2 o u CM CM m e*j CM o CO o o o E c C3 ■jaqratif^ Xjo^BJoqBn[ re — 00 CO = -S K 00 ■< a O c 2 tit e T3 a M tin 3 o 5 o c3 cs -s; x c = _ c o 3 o a, a o c o M o T3 e 3: •' ■t as is 3 O bt-a — != a o a J a o m o o, o o .fl a O .S b'S in *^ o afi,^ d o S ^ ,2« go O QQ 3 > a > -3 S o r ^ C3 O o O 5S .< a _o 'a ?3 O O o a 3 ;= > O <2 c 02 O O J3 3 Oja O 3 O o tc J3 -.A a 2 J2 OJ CQ o Ph a c3 a> a o CD o .a .a o a c3 s o a "S. o o U o 3 6 ^ .=" 3 a> -"3 • X u ^ u >>3 a 3 Q+^ >.'^ PS ^^ O 2 O o ■-Z H o O o a 3 o a o O o a o a OS 3 o >1 o CO O 1-5 "3 O d O o a s -a a o E j3 o ^ .2 03 O -p C3 o ;2 o r» — . = c o — > 43 d b .9 .a fct ij * S S OS ."" o'H 6^ 5 =3° fe o o a a oi a. o 72 c8 rzs 0) >> o The Bulletin. 77 3 S 00 CO o s to o OS CM in o Oi s o 00 o s ?f r o - T-t - ;; J= CM 1—1 ^ CO -* Tj« 1— I «» U9 lO CO CD t^ o o o lO f— »— t T- o> c o o 2 C O 0 a B E S (D a O O 1 - *3 ■^ n J3 ^ o PL, « a o PQ e O = S _2 'a "o O IS d O o c S 6 2 o O o to 3 CS P a o Pi d O o c (S K o & o O 3 a o O •B £ c3 a d O 03 O I ;2' .1 ^ s s o C 1 ra E. > o (5 ■5 o O o 1= o -a o aj a o n o •a OS J3 C O tl^ o '5 o O 03 O IS o o O ■a c es 0) C! S O s ^ « o O s s o a o -a .c ^ a CO 12; O Is' c 2 bC I I d O o o o a 3 Q o T3 13 CS ID a o pa s o T3 13 O O PQ o 3 § o PL, > O is d > o Z d O o B 03 3 O o o r- C3 > o 1 c o a t^ w u L- c > 03 0) s < o (2 — o c o o PL, •a a OS a o « .o "S £3 O Is a 3 OQ a d O o ? i J2 a » o c « ea aa 78 The Bulletin. OS 1—1 Z O < OS O < Q OS a o o o 32 < z B|9H •anuopio 8 siBqding •a^Bunpi uioj} qeW^oj u O a o muoininv o% iu8(BAmba a a 1 C3 otobSjo ' 1 •naaonifj ajqnfos ■ppV auoqdsoqj ajq^ireAv § S s g § S S ^ s; -& s s s a s p: « 1 -. ; 1 ,' ,11111''''''' I I : ' 1 1 '■ '■ ■ ' ' ' ' ' i ; ; gSg§§SS§2S?2R = |2g5?3 I OS -3 a 93 & 93 z T3 -a <; T3 C3 93 93 •jaqmnj>i iCjojBJoqtjq The Bulletin. 70 CSI 1-1 »- re (^ ic CO ^H 1-^ ^i^ ^H t— « •— 1 1-1 C4 •-^ r- i ■! i ( 1 1 ; 1 ' ' 1 i i' 1 1 1 1 1 1 I ,' S g g 8 S§S§ggJ5ggggS§sS2g! SO OS W3 Th V O CO lO C<) GB o -<3 Q. O -a — « O 03 tn ^^ a CO o, en O 2 _o > a> -a < 1 o O S3 m 01 3" o a U ^ S u rt c5^ 0. -2 •a > ja « (D M ^ ja 3 7J OQ ea ID .2 33 <; ffi m U C) vi si 3 2; > o o 0 c o a T3 a o -♦J a a ."2 '3 T3 a — • 01 2 > Q 3] is 01 >> O ■n S) « » s a s a o J3 ■a a o O 03 -a a tn O Oh S3 ja a m O Ah c o CQ ■a O P 2: w o (2 T3 C 08 -a a o a oi > -G - .2 o O r: p m d «8 « O ^. a- £ S O M a .s 5 a d O O .9 o Cj o a C8 3 o 03 > oa 09 a 2 b a O 0) P> ■o W Cd o PL, .a 2 a i 2 a &> >, 0) T3 S3 Tl M H H a o O o Si T3 I CO tr ■* t^ o o oo <:o T-« OS ^H c-J — . 80 The Bulletin. ■Kicnov^ 'H3 uox aad ani^^ 8Ajib]8^ 1-1 Oi T— I o < oo O J a; « K o o K 03 O a o o a g 0 U •auuoiqQ ■g^Bijdjng uiojj q»Bjo 1 1 : : i : ; ; ; ' ■ III T3 B g a; ^3 o Iz: C S •jaqranj^ Ajo^BJoqu'^ o ir « « s^ C^ o Xj C- C> M a 'V- -* -s< kr: "* -^ 1-1 3 cc I^ u> 1 c r 1 _c ' c a 2 [ -c .£ .^ c c > .& ' 2 ^ c s C 1 c c a 1 r C3 a t 4 £ a ■2 EC « a < i c 1 .a O ^ III ^ 1 "c S a. < C t a J3 'S -a: 3 p. C3 0. 0- 3 W 2 -. «;• 1 a "p. ^ -§ 0 1 o a 0 X ^ 1 < c 'Z 6 a s tE 6 1 1 1 c oj". .a I- c •v 1 M S C < < C3 ssolved Bone oik and Caroli rfolk Reliable hprn ChpTnicn 1 i ;2 1- a O Ai o oCQ c 1 OQ ^1 Oh ;2 3 Q CO < 13 ej 1 C3 a (1 C3 > ST. 2 i5 0 > s o o 0 p: o 1 ^ _« p g o c^ d >-, 0 6 <: J3 5 U s ^1 bl fe c; o tn X o 0) 1 c c a 3 n 0 o O o .f^ ^ a 'to C c 'e 1 CM S < O o c a 0 ID a C3 fa »-3 s E '5 . 6 CO 0 > o 4J a c "3 ca c o -a o d 13 O 0 C 13 3 O CO 1 2 s •^1 f (X IX M 1=) t2 t^ > ' >H < < ca m ^^ « « C£ US 00 CO Oi o^ ftC *c CO CO 00 ^H 00 li?; ws ^ cc e^ o »« CM .OTf»ft' cocqeoc«»coc4eocoeoC4cccccoweowevicocqecc*iCJcv5rt*co«) 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fN. 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I I 1 '"' 1 1 1 ' 1 I I I 1 1 1 ' I 1 ' I I I ooeCOOCa'-^lO'-'i00005 COOcDcOt^iOC^C^COOCoeOcDOt^cOtOCOCOCOCDiOt^t^cOCO n O a *C a CO Q a ^ ii o3 la .o a> o •a H W 2 o o o = o .a ft o K a •< O X a S a <1> ■a d 3 ; oS" 03 03 ft O ja PL, a o O o u O o IS 6 O 1 a U)>-| ^ o ja T3 T3 S3 o W s >^ « t. C3 O i-fi a sag < o a O Ph CO CO O ,9 O I? d O a 3 d C3 o 6 O O o o 6 O g .3 .3 — r3 .M a> PM o o T3 -O got U^-f CD s ja O .d ft o ja Ph r2 'S < d lU o -d d 03 m I .d ft S ja Ph rH 'S <; _3 "o 03 M ft 00 O .d 5 03 ja ft n o .d Ph < d Ph 03 J3 ft 03 O .d PM a 03 .d ft tn O ja Oi < S M ft 00 O ja 03 .d ft en O d O Oh c3 .d ft a °-< H CO _ •-3 o d o_a o S §f^d OOP .d "3 S 03 •d ft 09 o A, ."2 "S < a o 'a & 03 d 03 o 03 .d ft n O ja a 3 "o O C3 J3 ft at O CM ."2 .d o O d 03 "3 < 6 O o 0 o I? 03 a> pq d O 2 :§ o O s O d 2 bl d 03 6 O 03 73 ^ ^ o a o 00 CO OS w CO ^H 1-t o ^ ^H t-H O CO a s o S a S a a ■B H a ® 2 d o 8 ;a a S O :3 iH .S o 03 e3 O a o O t3 n O 2 03 a DO o a PL, C9 O. m O J3 (1, s JS a en O -0 O -a C3 J3 Q. S J3 -a a 50 -J* ■» ^ rt <; >-i < g 3 :? •a o 5 a o o a o '^ o o a o ■*^ o O 03 O O o a 3 o a o d O _>. "a 3 O o S ^ O CB fa O 03 o o O 3 ■a o s a fa fa S Pi C .■ 0) ea'^ o fa fa C3 a O fa O 4) fa O -a fa a o > a tu O fa to .a Q a •SPag 01 fa a 03 o ja fa o fa ."2 '3 03 a tn O fa . » ci t» 13 ag-O 02 c3 ja a 09 O fa .< 03 ja a m O J3 fa '3 O a 03 •'aS O} (£ <1) fa ^ to 3 IS 03 c3 bO 3 o o 03 > o fa J « o O o o O =5 s 03 >^ O O o 2; d o fl 03 3 o -^ d >. 2 T3 a s a 03 > o z d O o XI u 03 H d o a 03 3 o 05 ^ a o a J3 s d O m a o CO <« ; w o O a 'a a 5 a a 03 JS o S ad r o . o o . - O aai sIq ^a.2 3M 03 ^ CO CO T-t ^ OS CO O CO c^ -* ^ CO ^ CO The Bulletin. 83 f^ ^H ^ xi« 3 g >, S « • aj ' 03 dj J3 ^ a M 05 (1 O 0 J3 1 S PL| -a 0. ■B 1 <: o a <: Ph m T3 o o bo s w 03 n O "3 Ph 3 fl OS > a o a o O Si a 03 o p a S 6 O T3 O s CQ 6 O > o c o £1 Pm i I o 2 ^ o X OJ ^ Q> a ■^ <: rt •s 03 C. CO O -£) Cl4 -6 a o rt o o X! 0 6 o o s ^ 12; ;2; :z; "o o d o d X O o d 03 3 o o 3 « >> d o P3 »3 >i 03 Pk o o ^1 a PM O bO d o -d P< d O ^ 2 •= » O CO C3 o s 13 -" . d its i-jax) P<_ P^ d 6 PM «2 ja a a =3 03 -d a n o jd Ph T3 o a 3 9 d o m <5 ^ d O 03 XI a m O ja P. .2 a o T3 03 o X) bO to > -<. ^ d o pq T3 (S 03 XI a § XJ p^ T3 O Ph ■a 03 o M bD ■< bt •x; O bO 03 3 -a S 'S P^ X3 bO P5 W ^ ^ O U XI O o d 03 Ph C3 P3 6 O o d 03 3 O a 03 -♦J 03 P^ o 03 pq o O o d (S 3 a o >3 ^ ci ^ ^< 0. 0 0 t: X3 0 PM ^; d o a T3 o Q m .2 " 3 ■*> a •" 3 -a d .3 3O0 0 3 g-^ 0 S-a aJ Q^ ■« 1 imo ore, nter harl omo g .2ni2'-'o PL, (H PM PM P? O X3 O d 03 03 O P< 1 ^ O S3 P4 d O d ^- a P^ o XI Ph 73 cS q .2 o d na P? P^ — I rt ■* d O o d 3 O d o I - i ■§ o» US 1-t Oi o Pm d o d . o d H > a o GQ X3 O « d O o d 03 3 o > a o . r 84 The Bulletin. 03 2; o < SfQ O SI Eh < o a *^ o o o Xj inajBAmba a — g •naSonfTjij a WOX 1 •nagoj'nisj g oiubSjo 1 ■na3oj?i^ pw aiqnios -JaiBM •ppV oijoqdsoq j aiqBfiBAV ■ S 00 00 5g 05 s CO oo o s o ■M o § cc c^ 3 CM N ca ■<»< CM M «> oo cc CM CO CVJ CO cc CO CO CVJ 1 <* *" "^ '"' *" ^ ^^ "" § § § o s o o •55 00 U3 CM 35 CO 1^ 8 05 00 CM I- rt f- O to o CM » ^ O CO CQ 0> -H o M ^ T- r^ooc5»-HCMOcocoioeO!£? OOOO^HOO-^OCi^-t-HOJ o o ca T3 2 s « o o o :2: 13 O c "o c; a 3 J3 a S a s a I .a -§ B •a > a <§ a a o o .a O M a B a o a o bl a a 03 3 a 3 a a & I 03 8 03 u S .0 oj a. o -3 3 — H « 5 .2 oS J m-o > t I. " . a03« Q Q o -3 O O -3 -3 O -a a o O ^-^ 03 — . o CO O CO 3 m -^ 6 O a a O CO O O S o 'J -CM cj o ^■(^ =3< g ^ *3'? d O o3<.t:«L= > > ^ < o O J3to a— W a 1 3 bC < 03 o -a a u O 6 O o a d 3 o a p o 6 O .a FQ Ph o 13 o o ■B -a o •3 O -3 O 3 O 03 > •B 0 o a u s 6 O o 02 oi ►J a '3 a 03 a a 3 a o a o d 03 fl •a a M O a oi a o 3 a O O o o T3 -a O Z o g 3 Id > "3 :« a J3 o :z; a" 3 a 'a ^ o -3 00 a I 6 O s < o > Z o ^ () o u is 3 ;3 o ~ ■!=.•■£ < .(iH eZ; a c3 . oi (D O 0> a>^a ■< < o 6 U ^ a ^ 0) S d «< -u C8 Ah _o. "3 ■B _a la Oh d O GO a o 02 3 03 oi a a o a ■a M a 03 a o o a '3 a o O o T3 03 > .2 3 « d O 2: -3 a 3 < 6 O o ;2 o d •a :3 •H O a a o O ^ 0 ^ — « « S I'd a 2 • ° £Z-a 3'3'o O O oi > 4 d O o a 03 3 o IS a _3 OO ^H r-l 86 The Bulletin. •Xao}OB^ ^B nox o cs ai 1-1 a O 02 H y. 10) •auuono •gijBqdpg 8 uiojj qsB^oj tj %. •8^'Bijnj^ raojj qsB^Ojj (£ •qsKtoj; O mox C .2 ■Biuouiiuy 0^ 'm !>u3]KAmb3 Q* a ■naSoa^i^ d IB^ox 1 a ■uaSoj^/N oiutjSjo n aiqnjos PPV ?: ouoqdsoq^ Pi 0[qciiTjAy -U "S c. <: m S « t2 a e N SI N CS o u fa o OD K ;» >* c I X es o > •jaqmn^ Xioi'BJoq'B'^ c CS O O) O 03 00 O CO o O OS o o a o a 3 a & O 3 O C 1^ o O o 0) c o ^ ^ o O o a 03 3 o ^ 03 a o 13 O & d 3 a a 2 3 T3 -B M r3 — 3 ll) > Fi 03 0) 3 >. 0!l O ort (x. )-l (X- n S be I § PU S: o o o pa a: 6 O O o O o C3 o o -§ -S O 0 i £ a) O o o 3 a 3 ft -^ V m QJ a > -fJ Q o S c3 o iz; d O o 3 03 3 o t- o s o c o 3 a H d p. a 3 a: 3 w 3 03 a o 03 O O 3 C3 o :?■ a o tn 3 o C 3 O O O O W « 03 rt 1^4 [X( 3 • 03^ O 03 M 3 03 E o 3 3 o o o o i 6 O o 3 oi 3 o 3 O o. H 03 »0 r-' 1^ O o ■lJ t~. d z W -a d 3 o a -T! a) t^ OS n ft l-H r^ CO OS CSl oo CI 03 K CSl The Bulletin. 87 o o CO o o o 00 o o s s > a a XI Q O ^ 03 13 d O o a s 0/ a* Eh Eh o o o ■ a n .a o Ul w n 0) ^ XI o Q rt P4 K»^ ( 1^ r/j t3 CJ fl i -P 5 O jq CQ &: P4 o O o O « O o o_ ^ ^ ffl bn o m d O S (^ 3 c S fl a '3 M C3 O o ■a 01 o o a '3 a O C3 M 03 O a) C a o oi o o o .S a :3 o M c C3 o CI o o ^ o o O 2 2 oj [3 •a 3 o O Hi W H 5 M 3 ^ .1: o O o a o en ;2; o SO o 30' O a S — ^ bO irPQ^ te « S o d .2 O o o O >, a a o m >. a o bO a 73 ■^ a CO a C3 ■-; o O 03 PQ d O o 3 s d 03 pq ^; o a" a o 3 ^ O .9 >> I -^ a '5 W a a 3 03 C3 a o a o o .s a (H O 3 3 a a o a 'a 3 0) O a o O 03 a O O o O 0-2-5 o e3 P4 Ct3 ^ 03 PLi a 3 o -S a 5; a u o d O o a S d PL< fin ;2 a o P5 d -a O a 03 -*^ 03 O Ph O a" o 03 O 6 O 03 ft O Ph -C C3 ^ a o a x> o p^ d O o a o .3 § § 3 d o U o d O t2 o d O T3 a o d o a o o fe 3 T3 a o a P? « ^ » a o . o^ o p^ « p^' 12; 2 I O Sri "^ O^ 3 o o O d SCO a o o U o a '3 a 08 a O o u* 3 Ph O a" o bU C 88 The Bulletin. 1-1 z o < & m O O o o OS J9d anjBA. 9AT}BI»a •anjjoiqo •ajBqding s raoaj qsBiOj 1-4 Im a> •9:>BUTIJ^ 2 raojj qsB^oj 0L| •qsB^oj o mox a a •BTOOuirav j orauajo ■naSoi:)!^ (^ aiqnios -ja;tJA\ ■ptov Duoqdsoqj ajqejiBAv CO oo < -a -a < a Id a si E w CO 10 c ea 00 s S5 § § o s CM § s •a CO § 8 CO s s § eg e Q a 13 a S a T3 -a e3 a o a « a S C B CO n 0 a S o o o a '5 fl o C d o ■fl c3 M fl 03 fl fl O a 3 S O ca fl s a 3 fl O r3 O 6 "3 o n o o .a o Oj 3 O fl o tn a 6 O o c 03 3 O fl O ■a t3 T3 S m d o XI 03 T3 o 6 O .2 c ;2 ■d fl o a S d J3 •a 3 O m a !fl & > o d O o fl C3 ^ O d O a -5 u fn « tf fl 5 C3 fl 013 o fl s fl I I d 3 O o •a s fl > fl 03 OS fl !* fl 03 a g O J3 bl o -a o fl ►-:> £ fl E M fl u O ? o ? > <^ cs tx< CO l-J a fl" o -*^ bl fl O •jaquin!^ rH (M lO "13- lO c-i oo Oi The Bulletin. 89 0JeDl0CD00l»»OOOCi»-HO00i-h*0500 IM t-H 00 M _4 W3 Ui ■* us ■<)l US ^ us ^ us oo o Xi OS o C3 •o (U d T3 OS a Lh & c3 o 3 j:^ « < o a I £ 5 o o 3 03 E a o > ja 03 a S a 2 5 S a .3 o XI QO a S a 3 J3 33 o CM 03 CO 3 3 o! O o 03 H 6 O o a 03 3 O 33 > O 6 O o a 03 3 a o a, 3 O CL, 3 03 (2 o z a" o -«^ a o ij o o d a ■ 03 O O fa .a o :3 ^ o O o O ■S Z E :5 o s 3 o fa a a o o O S S 3 f^ O a o O o o o 03 CO o PL, 3 O r" -*^ o U a -a o Z 03 Z H° - z a S o M O J2 C3 3 O O =8 (2 O o 03 ja o. "3 CO o CL, o fa S Z PL, S o P!i O z a" o CO a 6 O 3 O o - T3 3 ^ O a s 6 Q ■3 u a 03 o I > I z 6 O S 6 3 o PM o 03 J3 O. 3 00 O fa 03 ^ O -a 3 o a" o 03 o 6 O o ■3 sotx o ^ r\ 0 (S > z z ^ d d 0 U U z .a 0 a . 773 3 0 CJ u fa ^ .3 ^ 0 a 0 a t: 0 a 0 n z Plh «S 0 00 Oi 0 0 90 The Bulletin. r-l a l-H o CO < a o J K C3 I— ( O o o < •Xjojob^ ^■b nox § 1 o a o ! a 6 1 •8imop[0 •Gl^qding raojj qsB^oj ■ •qsBiOj lB?ox •BiuoOTinv o^ inaiBAmbg vnox ■nsSoj-jiN eiqnjos ■ppv oiioqdsoqj ajqaiiBAv o o d o ai CO CO CO O o CO CO CO o s CO CO CD CO 05 CO «3- CO en CO CO CO ?5 oo O ITS o oo CO o -1 1 1 ■ 05 00 CO s " s s s ° o 00 » CO » ° s oo 1 "a cd 02 a g m o s ■«3 IS H PS fa a a X ai o 3 a 13 <: la 03 I o o T3 o o a « 03 3 C 03 rt p. o w _C 'C 0. 02 in .a J2 IS a S a a 03 & ^ fe a (£1 3 a *E 3 C3 a S a o -a o o o .3 3 o S CD <» d o (2 3 a, .2 3 o -3 O 15 T3 C OS o O O iz; d O o .a "3 5 O PL, o ra fe a o ■♦J o O 03 ■jaqnin{ij A'jOJBJOqB'J 1 a 03 o oo o ^5 o o c 03 3 o 03 - Z o O c c -*^ b£ c £ Z ^ bO o O [i, a z z The Bulletin. 91 f<-*^eocsic-icocococMCOcocorococoiococoiococD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I t 1 1 50.80 55.00 49.60 o o o O o O 03 a a o S j3 C O tao a o =3U.S 05 OS o oo CO o O rH CM O C4 O T-^ ^ N^ S50 .-I GO 0& 03 o rt 00 CO M 03 O 00 00 CM 00 s oo oo c o Mi a o C3 O. o ;?; ■ c p ti a C3 d O o 13 a fe O cc c o O d O o a 50 t: i o O .2 >■• o O w ^ -S o -= o s O 73 o " o ^ 8 IS o, 03 o O iz; -5 o fe — O O P cCd o ? c So S . fe« o S Z di T3 C o a d O o .E a o e C3 H C3 a o a « O o Z d U C3 C o 73 P4 a 03 ;g o Z 6 O o a o o CD o 5 o o 02 O o +^ a: o c o s o z d r U o _ U g o a T3 03 Pm P C3 3 CT 03 rt C3 O Oi E is u CO •D C CS oo a o s z d o 03 — .S O " !r T CO S ha 00 03 o o o O a o 03 [3 1^ o Z d O o z T3 c ^ I c o '5 c3 C a o *^ o O n m o 92 The Bulletin. •Xjojobj ?b uox jad anj^A aAT^cjajj 05 T-l O m < m O I— I i PJ Bunn Tnaij qsTKjo^ o •qsB?o050soiooasooooo>ooo>oooiC50» 14.83 15.80 15.68 15.86 15.74 15.50 15.76 15.74 15.88 15.30 15*70 15.58 15.78 15.28 16.32 15.80 16.16 .0 'c C Wilmington Fayette ville Coats Goldsboro Orrum- Pikfiville Spring Hope Washington Godwin Wadesboro.. Southern Pinea... Tabor Atkinson Edenton.. Swan Station c 1 a. 1 z 6 6 6 6 6c -T3 -O -^ -O T3 "r ,11,1 1 1 1 1 1 dodooooP_o 1(11 e c E ■« o « ■a c 03 u 1 J g 5 1 3 a Grace, W. R., & Co., New York, N. Y ....do ..._ Marietta Fertilizer Co., Atlanta, Ga Meadows, E. H. & J. A., Co., New Bern, N. C. Navassa Guano Co., Wilmington, N. C ....do N. C. Cotton Oil Co., Wilmington, N. C... Pamlico Chemical Co., Washington, N. C... Planters Fertilizer and Phosphate Co., Charleston, S. C. Read Phosphate Co., Charleston, S. C Robertson Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va Swift Fertilizer Works, Atlanta, Ga Tuscarora Fertilizer Co., Wilmington, N. C. United States Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. Union Guano Co., Winston, N. C o ^ ^ CI o The Bulletin. 93 S o IM o § 00 § s OS to CVl s § CO CO fe g P5 oo OS § § O s O) 00 § to OS a> Oi o r~ a~. 00 00 o> OS OS 1— « g 05 OO 00 QO oo QO 00 OS C5 OS CO 00 o> OS CO OS o oo g s s e § s so g S3 s^ S § gj CO o U3 00 s OO CM s s z s s W5 1—1 w 1-* 'S CO U3 1—* lO ■n T-4 »— 1 CO 1-H CD CO in ir> ■n « (n a> •V "S J3 •? 3 +» d J3 (Xi S 03 "d f? U « 'Z, to J3 a a 2 13 ^ 3 I a 2 d •o H d 2 >. 03 O a d o % d f3 d 0) ■a >> W 3 & ^ d 2 d -a d 03 T3 03 o d 3 o d O o o -a -a o o > -6 a o a -d o O X! O IS O I > o o o o o -o d O d o j2 a o o E .£ w CO ■D c es i> CD 2 A +3 .^ d:z:o a>^s -5! CQ O d o -d O d O a o o O ;2 :^" 'o d O o d oj s O d o +s a a o -a > o 6 O o 6 O o d o "o 6 O o d 3 O o I? d O a O T3 O o o o 73 -a -a ►S !z; » M E O o etf H u ri o •S C3 c 2 +j Ph ^ C O B 1 "3 .S a to E 1 Scotl N. randc c 2 oa CO to d 03 X3 O <^. XJXJ" MM 94 The Bulletix. •auuojq^ •a^Bqdpg mojj qsB(»o o o iz; < 1^ i o m K m >^ (.^ iJ § ^ 3 Z S 1— < CO 05 O 00 1— < 05 CO CO 00 OO W5 o -a ■o a o a S 6 O ado o • S +3r^ 3 o*^ o > d o 71 XI o C3 6 O o a 3 O of o -^ 00 N to o> The Bulletin. 95 •iCjafOB^ !JB uox jad eni^A^ aAi^Biay O o < O I— ( I CO S3 fa < o 1^ o u fa o fa Percentage Composition or Parts per 100. •auiioiqo ' •9^'Bqdpg raojjqsB^oj OTOJj qsB'jo.j •qBB^oj mox •Binonirav (A inai^Ainbg •uaSoj^i^ •n83oj!>i^ oraBSJo •U830J^If,J aiqujos -ia*BM •ppv ouoqdsoq f- r^ lO ■n CO lO c^ in *" ■* m CO in lO CO evi CO ■* to CO CO CO o ro 00 O co CO as CO s CO 00 CO o CO J3 § ■^ •jaqmnfj Aiovs-ioq'G'j 96 The Bulletin. AjoiOE^ %v nox r-l o < xn O •8UU0JTJ3 s •8jeqd[ng moil qsB^oj; £ g •qsRjoj '■+» •sraomrav 3 O a- ■3 a O 0 5 o a o o 0. 6 o c ca 3 O CM « GO a 2 a o a ci 3 o a a '> 3 <1> a '3 3 0-3 S (i r>Mi .a a OQ PLh a a H Oi .£! *> 6 3 a 5 S r 0 r"^ 0 -S g .3 a 0. II. ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL ■^1 Name and Address of Manufacturer. Where Sampled. 4905!American Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va 4677iArey Oil and Fertilizer Co., Salisbury, N. C 4691 ....do .V- lAlbemarle 4933iBertie Cotton Oil Co., Aulander, N. C Edenton., Four Oaks.. 0.17 Winston 6.17 ' 6.17 6.17 a I I 4913. ...do - ..--do 4909' --do iRobersonville. 460l'Broadway Cotton Oil Co., Belton, S. C jWaynesvUle... i 4948;Buckcye Cotton Oil Co., Macon, Ga - jMurphy 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 4926! do Charlotte, N. C. 4679. ...do - 4594 -...do -" 46681. .-.do Rural Hall ; 6.17 I Morven 1 6.17 Waxhaw 6.17 Laurinburg 6.17 7.50 j 6.60 7.50 1 6.78 I 7.50 I 6.54 4953iChatham Cotton Oil Co., Pittsboro, N. C New Hill... 6.17 4750. .--do Durham... 6.17 4935,-— do 'Pittsboro 6.17 4949'chesnee Oil Mill Co., Chesnee, S. C..-.. Spruce Pine 6.17 4943 Cleveland Oil and Fertilizer Co., Cleveland, N. C Mocksville.. 6.17 4911 do Ruffin 6.17 i 4703 Consumers Cotton Oil Co., Tarboro, N. C Elizabeth City. ..I 6.17 4692.. ..do Tarboro 6.17 4954:Cooper Guano Co., Wilmington, N. C JFairmont 6.17 4614lcotton Oil and Ginning Co., Lumberton, N. C iLumberton 6.17 I ' 49.58 do Scotland Neck, N. C Palmyra 6.17 452,3 do Greenville 6.17 4907 do Scotland Neck-..| 6.17 4595 Dunn Oil Mills Co., Dunn, N. Q, Dunn 6.17 4939|--..do [Coats j 6.17 4666Eastern Cotton Oil Co., Hertford, N. C lEdenton 1 6.17 459Q do Hertford 6.17 4951 Elba Mfg. Co., Charlotte, N. C Madison 6.17 7.50 6.30 7.50 6.22 7.50 5.60 7.50 5.64 7.50 6.52 7.50 6.46 7.50 6.30 7.50 6.22 7.50 6.16 7.50 6.48 7.50 5.98 7.50 6.34 7.50 6.24 7.50 6.78 7.50 6.56 7.50 6.46, 7.50 6.36 7.50 6.74 7.50 6.52 7.50 6.54 7.50 6.34 7.50 7 an 6.24 R 7S 4.597'. 4627. 4596'. 4675|. 4912 j 46971 do - Asheville : 6.17 do- Charlotte 6.17 do t jCherryville | 6.17 do.. Winston 1 6.17 do Reidsville 6.17 ...do Maxton, N. C. Fayetteville. 6.17 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 ! 7.50 j 7.50 7.50 7.50 .7.50 7.50 6.22 8.12 7.06 6.96 6.82 6.15 7.14 6.90 6.80 6.68 6.54 6.38 6.40 S.02 8.24 7.95 7.66 7.56 6.81 6.86 7.93 7.85 7.66 7.56 7.49 7.88 7.39 7.71 7.59 8.24 7.98 7.85 7.73 8.19 7.93 7.95 7.56 7.44 8.58 8.46 8.29 7.48 8.68 8.39 8.27 8.12 7.95 7.76 7.78 i 98 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL. Name and Address of Manufacturer. "2! -^ Where Sampled. '■§ aS Jg sas go OoSi .^ S 4680 Elba Mfg. Co., Max ton, N.C iMorven 4619,... .do Maxton 4603 Farmers Cotton Oil Co., Americus, Ga .Andrews 4708. ...do.... Wilson, N.C Faison 4621 ....do Waynesville. 4950. ...do Edenton. 4942 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 -do Wendell 4688'. ...do Wilson 4918.. ...do Selma ] 6.17 4622 Farmers Oil Mill Co., Nashville, N. C Westrays I 6 17 4957L...do Nashville 4945'Farmers Oil Mill, Commerce, Ga. Franklin 4686 Farm ville Oil and Fertilizer Co., Farmville, N. C Farmville 4940. ...do Grimesland.. 4941 Fremont Oil Mill Co., Fremont, N. C Fremont 4602 Georgia Cotton Oil Co., Atlanta, Ga Murphy 49.38 Havens Oil Co., Washington, N. C Royal 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 6.17 I 7.50 6.17 ' 7.50 6.17 I 7.50 6.17 I 7.50 6.17 ! 7.50 4607 ---do-- Washingto 6.17 6.17 7.50 7.5Q 4689 Imperial Cotton Oil Co., Statesville, N. C Albemarle 6.17 j 7.50 4676[....do ..Winston 4609. ...do.. Statesville.... 6.17 6.17 4604. 7.50 7.50 .do. BrysonCity 6.17 7.50 4600iKershaw Oil Mill, Kershaw, S. C. Asheville 4932- ...do.... ....do 4582!Kings Mountain Cotton Oil Co., Kings Mountain, N. C. Kings Mountain. 4631 ...do. - - do 4904 ....do .....do 4719jKinston Oil Mills, Klnston, N. C... LaGrange 4742 Laurinburg Oil Co., Laurinburg, N. C... Fayetteville... 4616jLee County Cotton Oil Co., Sanford, N C Sanford \ 6 17 I I 4737 ....do. .. s„.an Station 6.17 6.17 t 7.50 6.17 ; 7.50 6.17 7.50 6.17 j 7.50 6.17 7.50 6.17 I 7.50 6.17 I 7.50 7.50 4929|....do... .Sanford 4900'. ...do ..SilerCity 4704jLenoirOiJandIceCo., Kinston. N. C Seven Springs.. . 4606j....do Kinston... 4670 Louisburg Cotton Oil Mill, Louisburg N, C Franklinton 6.17 6.17 6.17 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 a « O o a »"- o 6.17 1 7.50 6.17 7.50 6.24 5.70 6.58 6.92 6.66 6.64 6.46 6.20 6.14 6.92 6.82 6.54 6.18 6.14 6.24 6.54 6.68 6.44 7.00 7.00 6.76 6.12 6.54 6.10 7.24 7.24 6.74 6.14 5.62 6.78 6.48 6.42 6.20 6.46 5.98 6.88 a d |i 7.59 6.93 8.00 8.41 8.10 8.07 7.85 7.54 7.47 8.41 8.29 7.95 7.51 7.47 7.59 7.95 8.12 7.83 8.51 8.51 8.22 7.44 7.95 7.42 8.80 8.80 8.19 7.47 6.83 8.24 7.88 7.81 7.54 7.8.5 7.27 8.36 I The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL. 99 ^1 Name and Address of Manufacturer. Where Sampled. Per Cent Nitrogen Guaranteed. Equivalent to Ammonia. Per Cent Nitrogen Found. s §.2 |i 4934 Mooresville Oil Mill, Mooresville, N. C Mooresville 6.17 7.50 7.02 8.58 4669 Morgan Oil and Fertilizer Co., Red Springs, N. C Red Springs 6.17 7.50 6.34 7.71 4620 Mount Gilead Cotton Oil Co., Mount Gilead, N. C Mount Gilead 6.17 7.50 7.60 9.24 4637 .—do ....do 6.17 7.50 6.22 7.56 4Q0'> Navfl^qfl Oiiano Co Wilminffton. N. C . - SilerCity 6.17 7.50 6.18 7.51 4667 New Bern Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Mills, New Bern, N. C. Mf^w'tnn Oil ar\d T^'prtilizer Co . Newton. N C Reelsboro. 6.17 7.50 5.82 7.08 4fi]0 Newton. 6.17 7.50 6.28 7.64 4611 (^Q _ _ ....do 6.17 6.17 7.50 7.50 6.28 6.20 7.64 4,5<1'^ N C Cotton Oil Co , Charlotte. N. C. Gastonia 7.54 4717 ....do - Harrisburg 6.17 7.50 6.36 7.73 4')Q9 do Murphy . 6.17 7.50 5.52 6.71 467S do . ...Raleigh, N. C. Winston 6.17 7.50 6.32 7.68 4591 ...do Rougemont 6.17 7.50 5.98 7.27 4674 ...do..- ---- Rockingham 6.17 7.50 5.76 7.00 4944 -. .do do .- Macon 6.17 6.17 6.17 7.50 7.50 7.50 5.78 5.64 6.30 7.03 4696 Raleigh 6.86 4706 do Wilmington, N. C Chadbourn 7.68 4937 Bethel 6.17 6.17 7.50 7.50 6.20 6.18 7.54 4615 ...do - Chadbourn 7.51 4681 ...do. :.--. Wilmington 6.17 7.50 6.12 7.44 4605 Pine Level Oil Mills, Pine Level, N. C Goldsboro 6.17 7.50 6.72 8.17 4955 ..-.do Durham 6.17 7.50 6.62 8.05 4583 ....do Pine Level 6.17 7.50 6.46 7.85 4699 ....do Goldsboro 6.17 7.50 6.50 7.90 491 5 do Dunn 6.17 6.17 7.50 7.50 6.08 6.24 7.39 4584 ....do Pine Level 7.59 4625 ....do. ....do 6.17 7.50 5.64 6.88 4598 Prosperity Cotton Oil Mill Co., Prosperity, S. C Rich Hill Oil Mill Co . White Stone, S. C Asheville 6.17 7.50 6.66 8.10 4922 Canton. 6.17 7.50 6.16 7.49 4684 St. Pauls _._ 6.17 7.50 6.36 7.73 4910 Rowland 6.17 7.50 8.16 7.49 4585 MuTDhv-- 6.17 7.50 8.02 7.32 4624 ....do Charlotte, N. C Elmwood 6.17 7.50 6.38 7.76 4586 ....do Way nesville 6.17 7.50 6.34 7.71 4617 ....do. - Elkin 6.17 6.17 7.50 7.50 6.20 6.10 7.54 4901 Gulf 7.42 100 The BuLLETi:sr. ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL. 4979iSouthern Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte, N. C . Winston-Salem.. 4690. ...do ....Norwood 4587 do Concord, N. C Concord j 4705 do Kannapolis 4908 4730 4618 4914 .do Conetoe, N. C Robersonville. -do Stokes -do Davidson, N. C Elkin .do Dillon, S. C Elrod Raeford Fayetteville. Raeford Fayetteville. 4673 ....do ...Fayetteville, N. C 4741 ....do 4718. ...do.. 471S....do .T 4588 do Benson 4672 do : Gibson, N. C Gibson 4589 ....do Goldsboro, N. C ....do 4709 ....do Goldsboro . 4698 do do 4671 do Henderson, N. C Henderson. 4936 do Monroe, N. C Marshville. 470i» do Rocky Mount, N. C Faison 4930. ...do .'. Enfield .do. 4723. ...do 4917 do.. Selma, N. C Selma. I 4687 do Shelby, N. C Lincolnton... 4921 do Hot Springs.. 4693 do Tarboro, N. C Greenville.... 4738 do Edenton 4923 do Union, S. C Canton 4947 do Wadesboro, N. C Albemarle 4731 do.-- Wilson, N. C Lucama 4683 ....do.. Elm City 4916 do Dunn 4685 do Edenton 4919... .do Spartanburg, S. C Marshall 4747 Spring Hope Cotton Oil Co., Spring Hope, N. C Spring Hope. 4746 do do 6.17 7.50 8.08 7.39 6.17 7.50 6.08 7.39 6.17 7.50 6.32 7.68 6.17 7.50 6.08 7.39 6.17 7.50 6.80 8.27 6.17 7.50 6.30 7.66 6.17 7.50 6.36 7.73 6.17 7.50 6.26 7.61 6.17 7.50 6.34 7.71 6.17 7.50 6.32 7.68 6.17 7.50 6.18 7.51 6.17 7.50 6.18 7.51 6.17 7.50 6.18 7.51 6.17 7.50 5.82 7.08 6.17 7.50 6.60 8.02 6.17 7.50 6.42 7.81 6.17 7.50 6.14 7.47 6.17 7.50 6.18 7.51 6.17 7.50 7.22 8.78 6.17 7.50 6.32 7.68 6.17 7.50 6.32 7.68 6.17 7.50 5.98 7.27 6.17 7.50 6.24 7.59 6.17 7.50 6.32 7.68 6.17 7.50 6.12 7.44 6.17 7.50 6.42 7.81 ■ 6.17 7.50 5.92 7.20 6.17 7.50 6.72 8.17 6.17 7.50 6.38 7.76 6.17 7.50 6.66 8.10 6.17 7.50 6.42 7.81 6.17 7.50 6.38 7.76 6.17 7.50 6.28 7.64 6.17 7.50 6.42 7.81 6.17 7.50 6.38 7.76 6.17 7.50 6.20 7.54 The Bulletin. 101 ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL. -2 - Si Name and Address of Manufacturer. Where Sampled. 4744 Spring Hope Cotton Oil Co., Spring Hope. N. C. 4745. -do. 'Spring Hope. ....do 4641 Stanly Cotton Oil Co., Norwood, N. C. 4640 ....do 4680 do... 4632 ....do 4608 ....do... .do. .do. .do. 4612. .do. .do. 4642. 4613'. 4633. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. Greenville. 4694 Tar River OU Co., Tarboro.N.C 4592. ...do. jWashington.. 4695 Va.-Car Chemical Co., Richmond, Va , ..jWake Forest. 4903 do Trenton 4956, ...do .jDurham 4682 ....do - ...Edenton 4927'.... do. Hamilton. s-s S2 5 6.17 6.17 7.50 6.06 7.50 ! 6.00 iNorwood 6.17 .'....do... 6.17 7.50 7.34 7.50 7.26 7.50 7.02 7.50 6.94 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 6.17 7.50 ! 5.58 7.50 6.90 7.50 6.80 7.50 6.70 7.50 6.64 6.17 7.50 6.38 6.17 7.50 6.34 6.17 7.50 6.42 6.17 7.50 6.44 6.17 7..W 6.38 6.17 7.50 6.24 6.17 7.50 6.22 g.3 11 7.37 7.29 8.92 8.83 8.53 8.44 8.39 8.27 8.15 8.07 6.78 7.76 7.71 7.81 7.83 7.76 7.59 7.56 BRANDS REGISTERED, SEASON 1911-12. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. The Atlantic Chemical Corporation, Norfolk, Va. — Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Atlantic High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate Atlantic 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Atlantic Dissolved Bone Atlantic Acid Phosphate Atlantic 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Atlantic 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Atlantic Bone and Potash for Grain Atlantic Bone and Potash Mixture Atlantic Meal Compound Atlantic Cotton Grower Corona Cotton Compound Atlantic Special Guano Atlantic Grain Guano Atlantic Fish Guano Atlantic Special Truck Guano Oriental High Grade Guano Paloma Tobacco Guano Boon's Special Guano Atlantic High Grade Tobacco Guano Atlantic High Grade Cotton Guano Atlantic Tobacco Grower Atlantic Tobacco Compound Atlantic Special Wheat Fertilizer Atlantic Soluble Guano Atlantic Soluble Guano for Tobacco Apex Peanut Grower Atlantic S and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. . . Atlantic 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . . Atlantic 7 Per Cent Truck Guano Atlantic Potato Guano Perfection Peanut Grower Atlantic Side Dresser Atlantic Special Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Atlantic Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Oeo. L. Arps rf- Co., Norfolk. Va. — Arps' H. G. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Arps' 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture Arps' 10 and 2 Bone and Potash Mixture. . . . Arps' "Go-a-Head" Guano for Trucks, Cotton and Tobacco Arps' Quick Growth for All Crops Arps' Premium Guano for Cotton, Tobacco and All Spring Crops Geo. L. Arps & Co.'s Big Yield Guano Arps' Standard Truck Guano Arps' Potato Guano Arps' Scuppernong Guano for Trucks Genuine German Kainit Avail. Plios. Acid. Nitrogen. Potasli. 21.50 3.7: I 16.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 • • • 2.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 0.00 2.06 1.00 9.00 1.05 3.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.00 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.4-! 3.00 8.00 2.4^ 3.00 S.OO 2.oe . 3.00 8.00 2.0C 1 2.00 8.00 1.6f . 2.00 8.00 1.6c . 2.0O 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 l.OS ! 4.00 8.00 5.00 8.00 • • • < 4.00 7.00 5.71 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 < • • • 5.00 4.00 8.22 4.00 4.00 6.1S 15.22 2.50 7.42 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 S.OO 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.0O 8.00 1.65 2.0O 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.12 6.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 12.00 The Bulletin. 103 k Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Atlantic Fertilizer Company, Atlanta, Ga.; Wil- mington, N. C; Chester, 8. C. — Atlantic "N" High Grade Acid Phosphate. . . . Atlantic "O" High Grade Acid Phosphate Atlantic "P" Standard Grade Acid Phosphate. Atlantic "A" High Grade Guano Atlantic "G" High Grade Guano Atlantic "K" High Grade Phosphate and Pot- ash Atlantic "M" Standard Grade Phosphate and Potash Atlantic "D" High Grade Guano Atlantic "F" Cotton-seed Meal Comp. H. G. . . Atlantic "B" High Grade Guano Atlantic "C" High Grade Guano Atlantic "E" Cotton-seed Meal Comp. H. G.. . Atlantic "H" Standard Grade Guano Atlantic "I" Standard Grade Guano Atlantic "L" Standard Grade Phosphate and Potash . Atlantic Nitrate of Soda Atlantic Muriate of Potash Atlantic Sulphate of Potash Atlantic German Kainit Acme Manufacturing Co., Wilmington, N. C— IG Per Cent Acid Pho.sphate Acme High Grade Acid Phosphate Acme Acid Phosphate Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Melon Grower Acme Bone and Potash. Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Bone and Potash Acme Cotton Grower Acme Special Fertilizer for Cotton Acme Plumb Good Fertilizer Acme "OK" Fertilizer Acme "OK" Fertilizer for Tobacco Quickstep Fertilizer Quickstep Fertilizer for Tobacco Acme Crop Grower Currie's High Grade Fertilizer Acme Crop Grower for Tobacco Best's Fish Scrap Guano for Tobacco Best's Fish Scrap Guano Pee Dee Special Fertilizer Pee Dee Special for Tobacco Acme 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 16.00 14.00 • • . . 13.00 ■ > • ■ 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 4.00 .... 14.82 50.66 49.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 .... . . . - 13.00 .... . . . i 12.00 6.00 12.00 • • . . 5.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 3.00 12.00 2.00 11.00 6.00 11.00 5.00 11.00 4.00 11.00 3.00 11.00 2.00 10.00 3.30 5.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 2.0O 8.00 4.12 7.00 8.00 3..30 6.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.0O 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 104 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Acme 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano for Tobacco 8.00 Acme Plant Food 8.00 Acme Fertilizer fur Tobacco 8.00 Acme Fertilizer 8.00 Tiptop Crop Grower 8.00 Tiptop Tobacco Grower 8.00 Acme Standard Guano 8.00 Lattimer's Complete Fertilizer 8.00 Best's Complete Fertilizer 8.00 Cotton-seed Meal Guano 8.00 Gem Fertilizer 8.00 Cotton-seed Meal Guano for Tobacco. ; 8.00 Gem Fertilizer for Tobacco 8.00 Acme Special Grain Fertilizer 8.00 Acme Bone and Potash 8.00 Acme Bone and Potash 8.00 Acme Bone and Potash 8.00 Acme Root Crop Guano 7.00 Acme Standard Truck Guano 7.00 Acme ITich Grade Guano (1.00 - Acme Truck (irower (5,00 Acme Corn Guano G.OO Dried Fish Scrap 4.50 Acme Special 4-10-4 Guano 4.00 Clark's Corn Guano 1 .00 Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Acme Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash High Grade German Kaiuit 16 Per Cent Genuine German Kainit Ashepoo Fertilizer Co., Charleston. S. G. — High Grade Ashepoo Dissolved Phosphate... IG.OO High Grade Ashepoo Acid Phosphate 14.00 High Grade Ashepoo XXXX Acid Phosphate. 14.00 High Grade Eutaw Acid Phosphate 14.00 Standard Ashepoo XXX Acid Phosphate 13.00 Standard Eutaw XXX Acid Phosphate 13.00 Standard Carolina Acid Phosphate 13.00 Standard Circle Bone 13.00 H. G. Ashepoo Bone and Potash 12.00 Standard Ashepoo Acid Phosphate and Potash. 12.00 Standard Eutaw Acid Phosphate and Potash. 12.00 Standard Eutaw XX Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Coomassie Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Ashepoo XX Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Ashepoo Potash and Acid Phosphate 11.00 Standard Eutaw Potash Acid Phosphate 11.00 Standard Palmetto Potash Acid Phosphate.. 11.00 High Grade Asheixto Watermelon Guano .... 10.00 H. G. Ashepoo Cantaloupe Guano 10.00 H. G. Ashepoo Fruit Fertilizer 10.00 H. G. Ashepoo Golden Fertilizer 10.00 H. G. Eutaw Superpotash Acid Phosphate... 10.00 High Grade Ashepoo Superpotash Acid Phos- phate 10.00 Standard Ashepoo Potash Compound 10.00 Standard Enoree Acid Phosphate and Potash. 10.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 4.12 4.12 4.96 3.30 2.47 8.02 8.25 6..58 20.56 14.81 7.50 3.29 2.46 1.65 1.65 3.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 7.00 5.00 8.00 8.00 3.00 4.00 10.00 3.UU 48.00 48.00 16.00 12.00 2.U0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.00 10.00 6.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 The Bulletin. 105 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Standard Ashepoo Wheat and Oats Specific. . Standard Ashepoo Fertilizer Standard Eutaw Fertilizer Standard Ashepoo Harrow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate Standard Eutaw XXX Guano Standard Ashepoo Guano Standard Eutaw XX Guano Standard Ashepoo XX Guano High Grade Ashepoo Fruit Grower High Grade Ashepoo Perfection Guano High Grade Ashepoo Guano High Grade Ashepoo Cotton Fertilizer High Grade Ashepoo XX Ammoniated Super- phosphate H. G. Ashepoo Special C. S. M. Guano High Grade Eutaw Special Cottonseed :Meal Guano High Grade Eutaw X Golden Fertilizer High Grade Ashepoo Bird and Fish Guano. . . High Grade Ashepoo Meal Mixture High Grade Ashepoo X Tobacco Fertilizer. . . High Grade Ashepoo Golden Tobacco Pro- ducer High Grade Carolina XXX Guano High Grade Ashepoo Ammoniated Superphos- phate High Grade Ashepoo Farmers' Special Standard Eutaw Circle Guano Standard Ashepoo Circle Guano Standard Coomassie Circle Fertilizer Standard Carolina Guano Standard P. D. Fertilizer Standard Ashepoo XXX Guano Standard Ashepoo XXX Meal Guano Standard Ashepoo Special Fertilizer Standard Bronwood Acid Phosphate High Grade Ashepoo Ti-uck Guano High Grade Ashepoo Vegetable Guano High Grade Ashepoo Nitrogenous Top Dress- ing Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potasli. 9.50 1.65 1.00 9.00 1.85 1.00 9.00 1.85 1.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.50 2.06 1.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.91 2.75 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.40 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 • • > ■ 4.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 5.00 4.12 5.00 3.00 7.00 14.81 2.00 45.00 45.00 12.00 The Armour Fertilizer Works, Atlanta, GMcago, and Wilmington — Bone Meal Total Armour's Raw Bone Meal Total 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 15 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Star Phosphate 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Sampson Corn Mixture Fertilizer No. 1045 .^ Fertilizer No. 1044 Shield Fertilizer. No. 1044 24.00 2.47 22.00 3.70 17.00 < > > • 16.00 .... 15.00 .... 14.00 13.00 .... 12.00 11.00 5.00 10.00 3.30 5.00 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 3.30 4.00 106 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Fertilizer, No. 1033 Fertilizer, No. 1025 Fertilizer, No. 1023 Ammoniated Dissolved Bone and Potash Armour's Wheat Grower "State Farm" Phosphate and B. Potash Phosphoric Acid and Potash Superphosphate and Potash M. 11. White & Co.'s Special Corn Mixture. . . Phost^hate and Potash, No. 1 Armour's Tobacco Champion African Cotton Grower Johnson's High Gx'ade Armour's Bright Tobacco Grower Bone and Dissolved Bone with Potash. ...... Fertilizer, No. 913 Shield Brand Phosphate and Potash Standard Cotton Grower Bone, Blood and Potash Van Lindley's Special Fertilizer, No. 84G Fertilizer, No. 844 Special Truckor Sunrise Fertilizer. No. 844 All Soluble Truck and Berry Special Underwood's Special Shield Armoiu-'s 8-3-6 for Tobacco Fertilizer. No. 836 Fertilizer. No. 834 Fertilizer. No. 833 Sunrise Fertilizer, No. 833 Johnson's Favorite Underwood's Favorite Cotton Special Tobacco Special Carolina Cotton Grower Berry Iving Sunrise Cotton Grower Gold Medal for Tobacco Sweet Potato Special Champion King Cotton High Grade Potato Fruit and Root Crop Special Carolina Cotton Special Sunrise Tobacco Grower Sunrise Standard Slaughter House for Tobacco Armour's Slaughter House Fertilizer General Fertilizer. No. 813 Phosphate and Potash, No. 2 Phosphate and Potash, No. 3 7 Per Cent Trucker 5 Per Cent Trucker Manure Substitute * . . . 10 Per Cent Trucker Top Dresser Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.05 S.OO' 10.00 1.65 3.0O 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 7.00- 10.00 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 iO.OO 2.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 3.0O 9.00 2.05 5.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 3.00 9.00 3.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 4.11 2.00 8.00 3.30 6.00 S.OO 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 S.OO 2.88 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 S.OO 2.47 10.00 S.OO 2.47 6.00 S.OO 2.47 6.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.05 4.00 S.OO 2.05 3.00 S.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 S.OO 2.05 2.50 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 S.OO 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 • > • • 5.00 8.00 4.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 6.00 3.30 4.00 5.00 8.24 3.00 5.00 8.24 2.00 The Bulletin. 107 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Armour's Top Dresser Special Formula for Tobacco Harvey's Special 10 Per Cent Tanliage Armour's Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Armour's Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash \ Kainit American Fertiliser Co., Norfolk, Va. — Bone Meal Total American High Grade Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate Dagle Brand Acid Phosphate Double Extra Bone and Potash Acid Phosphate American Standard Cotton Grower American Formula for Wheat and Corn Double Dissolved Bone and Potash Dissolved Bone and Potash for Corn and Wheat . , Strawberry and Asparagus Guano Special Formula Guano for Yellow Leaf To- bacco American Bone Mixture Bone and Peruvian Guano Blood and Bone Compound Pei'uvian Mixture Peruvian Mixture Guano Especially Prepared for Sweet Potatoes N. C. and S. C. Cotton Grower American Eagle Guano J. G. Miller & Co.'s Yellow Leaf Fertilizer. . . American No. 1 Fertilizer Bob White Fertilizer for Tobacco A. L. Hanna's Special Formula Bone and Peruvian Guano American Cotton Compound American No. 2 Fertilizer American Special Potash Mixture for Wheat. 10 Per Cent Ammoniated Guano American 7-7-7 for Irish Potatoes Standard 7 Per Cent Ammonia Guano Special Potato Guano Kale, Spinach and Cabbage Guano American Irish Potato Grower American Fish Scrap Guano Stable Manure Substitute Special Potato Manure American Standard Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Scrap American H. G. Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 6.18 3.30 3.30 8.24 7.40 14.81 13.16 7.83 2.50 5.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 .^0.00 50.00 12.00 22.50 3.71 16.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 5.00 12.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 • • • • 5.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 9.00 .83 2.00 8.88 1.65 2.00 8.50 2.06 1.00 8..50 1.65 1.50 8.00 3.29 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2m 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.00 7.00 8.24 2.50 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 5.76 5.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 4.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 3.29 4.00 7.00 2.47 4.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 4.00 8.24 14.83 8.24 4.00 .... 7.41 3.00 49.00 48.00 12.00 108 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. American Agricultural Chemical Co., Baltimoi'e and Neio York — A. A. C. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Superphosphate. . . A. A. C. Co.'s Gaston Special A. A. C. Co.'s Crowd Cotton Food A. A. C. Co.'s Chamiiion Cotton Fertilizer. . . . A, A. C. Co.'s Tip Top Special A. A. C. Co.'s Special Tobacco Fertilizer A. A. C. Co.'s AVhite Oak Cotton Fertilizer. . . A. A. C. Co.'s H. G. C. S. M. Comijound A. A. C. Co.'s Harvest Queen A. A. C. Co.'s Crawford's Special for Tobacco. A. A. C. Co.'s Excelsior Compound for Tobacco A. A. C. Co.'s Gold Wrapper Fertilizer A. A. C. Co.'s Eureka Cotton-seed ]\real Com- pound A. A. C. Co.'s Kex Cotton Compound A. A. C. Co.'s Fish Guano A. A. C. Co.'s Purity Guano A. A. C. Co.'s Fidelitj- Grain Grower A. A. C. Co.'s Regal Crop Grower A. A. C. Co.'s Palmetto Alkaline Phosphate. . . A. A. C. Co.'s Blood, Bone and Fish Guano. . . A. A. C. Co.'s Fancy Wrapper Fertilizer A. A. C. Co.'s Baltimore Top Dresser A. A. C. Co.'s Bowker's High Grade Top Dresser A. A. C. Co.'s Nitrate of Soda A. A. C. Co.'s Muriate of Potash A. A. C. Co.'s H. G. Sulphate of Potash A. A. C. Co.'s Genuine German Kainit Bartholomew's Bright I^af Bartholomew's Fish Guano Bartholomew's Blood. Bone and Fish Com.. . . Bartholomew's Fancy Top Dresser Canton Chemical IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Canton Chemical 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Canton Chemical 1.3 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Star Guano Canton Chemical Champion Cotton Fertilizer. Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot- ash Canton Chemical Animal Bone Fertilizer. . . . Canton Chemical Victor Compound for Cotton. Canton Chemical Victor Compound for Cotton. Canton Chemical Colgate Standard Mixture. . Canton Chemical Challenge C. S. M. Com- pound Canton Chemical Bone Cotton Compound.... Canton Chemical Bone Tobacco Fertilizer. . . . Canton Chemical Honest Protector Canton Chemical H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer... Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 16.00 10.50 2.47 2.00 10.00 3.29 2.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 3.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 • > • • 4.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 4.00 3.29 6.00 7.41 3.00 7.41 3.00 .... 15.00 49.U( > 48.00 12.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 • > • • 7.41 3.00 16.00 • • • ■ 14.00 .... 13.00 .... 12.00 5.00 12.00 3.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 2.00 3.00 10.00 10.00 4.00 3.00 0.00 .... 2.0O 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29- 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 The Bulletin. 109 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Canton Chemical Gladiator Cotton Fertilizer. Canton Chemical Siiperior High Grade Fer- tilizer Canton Chemical Baker's Tobacco Fertilizer. Canton Chemical CCC Special Compound Canton Chemical Bacher's Standard for To- bacco Canton Chemical Resurgone Soluble Guano.. Canton Chemical Bakers Fish Guano Canton Chemical Game Guano Canton Three Sevens Special Potato Manure.. Canton Chemical Excelsior Trucker Canton Truckers' Special 7 Per Cent Canton Royal Trucker Canton Trackers' Special 10 Per Cent Detrick's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Detrick's XXtra Acid Phosphate Detrick's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate ... Detrick's H. G. Bone and Potash Detrick's H. G. Bone and Potash Detrick's White Star Fertilizer Detrick's Old Colony Comp. for Cotton Detrick's H. G. Bone and Potash Detrick's H. G. Bone and Potash Detrick's Bone and Potash Detrick's Superior Animal Bone Fertilizer . . . Detrick's Victoiy Crop Grower Detrick's Gold Basis Standard Detrick's Gold Basis C. S. M. Mixture Detrick's Kangaroo Koniplete Kompound Detrick's Quick-Step Tobacco Fertilizer Detrick's Gold Eagle Cotton Comp Detrick's H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer Detrick's Victory Cotton Fertilizer Detrick's Special Tobacco Fertilizer Detrick's Vegetator Ammoniated Superphos- phate Detrick's Globe Complete Manure Detrick's Royal Crop Grower Detrick's Fish Mixture Detrick's Special Trucker Detrick's Advance Truck Guano Detrick's Climax Truckers' Comixmnd Detrick's Truck Fertilizer Lazaretto 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Lazaretto 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Lazaretto 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone . Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto Triumph Cotton Fertilizer Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone Lazaretto Alkaline Bone Lazaretto Retiiever Animal Bone Fertilizer.. Lazaretto O. K. Complete Manure Lazaretto Defiance Standard Manure Lazaretto Top Notch C. S. M. Compound Lazaretto Carolina Cotton Food Lazaretto Coronet Tobacco Fertilizer Lazaretto King of the Harvest. '. Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potasli. Acid. 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 6.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 16.00 .... 14.00 13.00 ...» 12.00 .... 5.00 12.00 • • > • 3.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 > ■ • < 4.00 10.00 3.00 30.00 .... 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 .5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 16.00 .... .... 14.00 • > . . .... 13.00 . . * • • • • • 12.00 5.00 12.00 3.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 ... * 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 . > • • 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29. 4.00 8.00 • 2.47 4.0O 110 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Lazaretto Quality and Quantity Tobacco Fer- tilizer Lazaretto Special Tobacco and Potato Fer- tilizer Lazaretto New Rival Cotton Fertilizer Lazaretto Challenge Fertilizer Lazaretto Carolina Tobacco Fertilizer Lazaretto Climax Plant Food Lazaretto C. & G. Complete Manure Lazaretto Crop Grower Lazaretto Peanut Grower Lazaretto Sure Crop Compound Lazaretto Early Trucker Lazaretto Truckers' Favorite Lazaretto Empire Trucker Lazaretto 10 Per Cent Guano Zell's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosithate Zell's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Zell's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash Zell's Big Giant Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash Zell's Bone and Potash Zell's Bone and Potash Zell's Royal High Grade Fertilizer Zell's Victoria Animal Bone Compound Zell's Empire Cotton Compound Zell's Hustler Phosphate Zell's Boss Cotton g. M. Mixture Zell's Big Crop Standard Fertilizer Zell's Economizer Cotton Food Zell's Special Compound for Potatoes and Veg- etables Zell's Tobacco Fertilizer Zell's Cardinal Comp. for Cotton Zell's Bright Tobacco Grower Zell's Reliance High Grade Manure Zell's Popular Tobacco Manure. Zell's "Square Deal" for Tobacco Zell's Excelsior Cotton Fertilizer Zell's Special Compound for Tobacco Zell's Calvert Guano Zell's Fish Guano Zell's Truck Grower Zell's 7 Per Cent Potato and Vegetable Ma- nure Zell's Challenge Truckers' Manure Zell's 10 Per Cent Trucker Productive Cotton and Peanut Grower Dawson's Crop Grower Gold Dust Guano Reese's Pacific Guano for Tobacco SlinglufE's British Mixture Triumph Soluble Holmes & Dawson's Dawson's Crop Maker . . . Reese's Pacific Guano ' Avail. Phos. Acid. 8.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 16.00 .... 14.00 .... .... 13.00 .... .... 12.00 .... 5.00 12.00 .... 3.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 .... 4.0(1 10.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.06 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.90 2.06 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.29 4.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.50 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.06 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 The Bulletin. Ill Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. .1. D. Adair and McCarty Bros., Atlanta, Ga. — Adair's High Grade Dissolved Bone, No. 16. . A. and M. 15-4 A. and M. 13-4 McCarty's Potasli Formula, No. 5 McCarty's Potash Formula, No. 4 McCarty's Potash Formula Adair's Dissolved Bone David Harum Extra High Grade Blood Guano. Adair's H. G. Blood and Bone Guano Special Wheat Compound Special Corn Compound Special Vegetable Compound Special Potato Compound Special Cotton Compound Special Tomato Compound Adaii''s Soluble Pacific Guano McCarty's High Grade Cotton Grower McCarty's High Grade Corn Grower Old Time Fish Scrap Guano McCarty's Wheat Special McCarty's Corn Special McCarty's Cotton Special Adair's H. G. Potash Comp., No. 10 Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 8 H. G. Potash Compound, No. 8 H. G. Potash Compound, No. 6 Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower, No. t! Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower. No. 5 H. G. Potash Compound, No. 5 High Grade Potash Compound Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower Adflir's Formula Dixie High Grade Soil Food Adair's Blood, Bone and Tankage Guano. . . . Special Corn Grower Special Wheat Grower Special Potato Grower Special Vegetable Grower Standard Corn Grower Planter's Soluble Fertilizer Adair's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Golden Grain Compound Adair's Special Potash Mixture, No. 0 Adair's Special Potash Mixture, No. 5 Adair's Special Potash Mixture. Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 16.00 15.00 4.00 13.00 4.00 12.00 , , 5.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 2.00 12.00 .... 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.0O 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 , , 8.00 10.00 8.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 , . 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.6." ) 3.00 9.00 .8^ I 2.00 8.00 1.6? ) 6.00 8.00 • IM ) 6.00 8.00 l.Gl ) 6.00 8.00 1.6t ) 6.00 8.00 1.6f 5 2.00 8.00 1.6f ) 2.00 8.00 l.Gl ) 2.00 8.00 .8'. I 3.00 8.00 6.00 8.00 5.00 8.00 4.00 15.00 50.00 Asheville Packing Co., Asheville, N. C. — Asheville Packing Co.'s Pure Bone Meal, Total 18.00 2.30 Asheville Packing Co.'s H. G. Phosphoric Acid. 16.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Phosphoric Acid 14.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Extra H. G. Potash Mixture 13.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Phosphoric Acid 12.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Celebrated Tankage, Total 10.00 4.12 4.00 112 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. Aslieville Packing Co.'s Extra H. G. Fertilizer. ]0.00 Aslieville Packing Co.'s Blood and Bone 10.00 AsheAille Packing Co.'.s Extra H. G. Cotton Special 10.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s High Grade Biltmore Wheat Grower 10.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s H. G. Wheat. Corn and Oat Special 10.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Bono and Potash 10.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Superior Potato :nid Wheat Fertilizer 10.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Special Potash Mix- ture 10.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s XXX Wheat Grower. 30.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Standard Potato Fer- tilizer 0.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s H. G. Vegetahle Spe- cial 8.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Corn and Vegetahle Special S.OO Asheville Packing Co.'s Special Tohaccn and Vegetahle Fertilizer S.OO Asheville Packing Co.'s Fruit Special 8.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Potato Special 8.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Excelsior Potato Fer- tilizer 8.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Complete Fertilizer. . . S.OO Asheville Packing Co.'s Standai-d Corn and Wheat 8.00 Asheville Packing Co.'s Special Bone and Pot- ash S.OO Asheville Packing Co.'s H. G. Muriate of Pot- ash • •■ • Baiiiih t(- ^ous Co., Phila., Pa., aiitl XorfoU,-. Yn. — Baugh's Raw Bone Meal. Warranted Purp. Total _ 21.50 Baugh's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate IC.OO Baugh's Pure Bone and Muriate of Potash Mixture Total 15.00 Baugh's High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Bansrh's Pure Dissolved Animal Bones irt.OO Baugh's 12 and 5 Phosphate and Potash 12.00 Baugh's High Grade Cotton and Truck Guano. 10.00 Baugh's 10 and 8 Phosphate and Potash 10.00 Baugh's High Grade Potash Mixture 10.00 Baugh's Soluble Alkaline Superphosphate. . . 10.00 Baugh's H. G. Potato Grower 8.00 Baugh's Fish. Bone and Potash 8.00 Baugh's Fruit and Berry Guano 8.00 Baugh's Special Tobacco Guano 8.00 Baugh's Grand Rapids High Grade Guano... 8.00 Baugh's Sweet Potato Guano for Sweet Pota- toes, Peas and Melons 8.00 Baugh's High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00 Baugh's Complete Animal Base Fertilizer.... 8.00 Baugh's Fish Mixture 8.00 Baugh's Animal Base and Potash Compound for All Crops 8.00 3.30 2.47 4.00 3.00 1.65 4.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 .82 1.00 . . . . 6.00 4.00 2.00 ..'^2 2.00 4.12 5.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 1.65 1 .65 3.00 6.00 6.00 1.65 1.65 4.00 2.00 .82 3.00 4.00 50.00 3.70 2.41 2.06 5.00 5.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.00 2.00 3.30 10.00 3.80 4.00 2.47 10.00 2.47 5.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 5.00 1.65 2.00 I 1.65 00 The Bulletin. 113 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Baugh's Wheat Fertilizer for Wheat and Grass Baugh's Southern States Excelsior Guano . . . Glover's Special Potato Guano Baugh's Southern States Guano for Bright Tobacco Baugh's Potato and Truclc Special Baugh's Strawberry Mixture Baugh's Fine Ground Fish Gilliam's Special Potato Guano. Baugh's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano Baugh's Peruvian Guano Substitute for Pota- toes and All Vegetables Baugh's Farmers' Friend Guano Baugh's New Process 10 Per Cent Guano Baugh's Special Potato Manure Baugh's Wrapper Leaf Brand for Seed Leaf Tobacco Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Fine Ground Blood Baugh's Soluble Top Dresser for All Crops. . Baugh's Fine Ground Tankage Muriate of Potash High Grade Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit .S. T. Beveridge d Co.. Richmond, Va. — Beveridge's Raw Ground Bone Meal Beveridge's Thomas or Basic Slag Total Beta Fertilizer Co., Beta, N. C— Beta Grass and Grain Beta Potato and Truck Beta Potato Grower Beta Cotton Grower Beta Corn Grower E. W. Braioley, MooresviUe, N. C- — Rock Phosphate Total Rock and Potash Total 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Red Leo Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Muriate of Potash German Kainit Avail Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 3.00 7.00 3.30 8.00 7.00 2.88 7.00 7.00 2.88 7.00 7.00 2.47 5.00 6.87 8.23 . . . • 6.00 5.76 6.00 6.00 5.7G •j.OO 6.0C 1 4.12 7.00 6.0C 4.12 5.00 5.0C 1 8.23 2.50 5.0C > 1.65 10.00 3.50 3.30 5.00 20.57 14.81 13.00 8.23 3.66 7.40 48.00 48.00 12.00 20.0( ) 3.70 16.0< ) 10.0( ) 2.00 8.0( 3 3.30 7.00 8.0< 3 3.30 2.00 8.0 D 2.50 3.00 8.0 0 1.65 2.00 28.0 0 20.0 0 3.66 16.0 0 10.0 0 2.47 1.50 8.0 0 2.47 15.88 13.17 3.00 48.66 12.00 7. A. Benton, Ruffln, N. C— Benton's North Carolina Bright Fertilizer. 9.00 1.65 2.00 Baltimore Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. — Honest Acid Phosphate Honest Acid Phosphate Honest Bone and Potash Honest Sweet Potato Grower Honest Cotton GroweE Mayo's 8-2y2-3 16.00 .... 14.00 .... 10.00 2.00 8.00 2.40 4.00 8.00 2.40 3.00 8.00 2.00 3.00 8 114 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Honest Ammoniated Bone Mayo's 7-7-7 Mayo's 7-5-5 Honest Dixie Tracker Honest Truclver Bertie Cotton Oil Co., Aulander, N. C. — Bertie's High Grade Guano Bertie's Meal Mixture Bertie's Tobacco Grower Bertie's Ideal Cotton Grower Bertie's Special Compound Bertie's Corn Mixture Peanut Grower -. Bertie's Peanut Special Mitchell's Top Dresser Tar Heel Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Kainit Boxokcr Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md., and Boston, Mass. — 16 Per Cent Dissolved Bone Phosphate Bowker's Soluble Phosphate Bowker's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Golden Harvest Fertilizer Bowker's H. G. Special Imperial Alkaline Phosphate Superphosphate with Potash for Grain and Grass Animal Bone Fertilizer Bowker's Ammoniated Bone Sure Crop Phosphate Bowker's Blood, Bone and Fish Bowker's H. G. Fertilizer Bowker's Red Oak Tobacco Fertilizer Bowker's White Star Compound Tobacco Fertilizer Eureka Cotton Compound Bowker's Fish Guano Empire Standard Corn and Grain Grower Baker's Bone and Potash Three Sevens Truck Fertilizer Bowker's Southern Special Compound Fancy Truck Bowker's Potato Special Bowker's Top Dresser Bowker's Tobacco Special H. G. Top Dresser BlacJcstone Guano Co., Inc., Blackstone, Va. — Blackstone Raw Bone Total Clover Leaf 16 Per Cent Phosphate Bone and Phosphate Half and Half B. G. Co. Acid Phosphate. Clover Leaf Grain Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 1.60 2.00 7.00 5.60 7.00 7.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 4.00 7.00 6.00 4.00 5.00 8.00 4.13 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 2.47 2.00 7.00 1.65 5.00 7.00 .82 4.00 3.00 6.60 3.00 2.00 8.25 15.00 5.00 52.66 50.00 12.00 16.00 .... .... 14.00 13.00 .... • > . . 12.00 .... 5.00 10.00 3.29 5.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 S.OO 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 . • . • 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 6.00 4.11 5.00 4.00 6.15 2.50 4.00 3.29 6.00 .... 7.41 3.00 18.00 4.11 16.00 .... 15.00 1.65 14.00 . • . ■ 13.00 1.03 . 1.00 The BuiiLBTiN. 115 I Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Dissolved Bone B. G. Co., Inc., Boue and Potash B. G. Co. Bone and Potash Blackstone Special for Tobacco Old Bellefonte .■ Clovei* Leaf for Tobacco Tobacco Special Wrapper Brand .Jim Crow for Tobacco Bellefonte Hard Cash for Tobacco Carolina Special for Tobacco Standard Guano Red Letter for Tobacco Alliance for Tobacco Leader for Tobacco Peanut Special -Material for Special Order C. J. Burton Guano Co., Baltimore. Md. — Acid Phosphate 14.00 Burton's Alkaline 10.00 Burton's Potash Mixture 10.00 High Grade Tobacco 8.00 Burton's Best 8.00 Tobacco Queen S.OO Burton's High Grade 8.00 Burton's Butcher Bone 8.00 Bradley Fertilizer Co., Charleston, S. C. — High Grade Bradley's Dissolved Phosphate. . 16.00 High Grade Bradley's Acid Phosphate 14.00 Standard Bradley's XXX Acid Phosphate... 18.00 Standard Bradley's Acid Phosphate 12.00 Standard Bradley's Palmetto Acid Phosphate. 12.00 H. B. Bradley's Selected Guano 10.00 High Grade Bradley's Potash Acid Phosphate. 10.00 Standard Bradley's "Wheat Grower 10.00 Standard Bradley's Bone and Potash 10.00 Standard Bradley's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 9.00 Standard Bradley's Patent Superphosphate.. 9.00 Standard B. D. Sea Fowl Guano 9.00 Standard Eagle Ammoniated Bone Superphos- phate 9.00 High Grade Bradley's Circle Guano 8.00 High Grade Bradley's Guano 8.00 Standard Bradley's Cereal Guano 8.00 Standard Bradley's X Guano 8.00 Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash .... German Kainit .... The Bryant Fertilizer Co., Alexandria, Va. — Bryant's Bone Meal Total 22.50 Bryant's Acid Phosphate 17.00 Bryant's Acid Phosphate •. 16.00 Bryant's S. C. Dissolved Bone 14.00 Bryant's H. G. Wheat Mixture 12.00 Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 L03 1.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 3.30 • 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.03 4.95 6.00 . . . . 4.00 2.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 2.00 .71 1.65 4.00 .... 4.00 2.00 2.00 1.85 1.00 1.85 1.00 1.86 1.00 1.85 1.00 3.29 4.00 2.46 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 14.81 .... 45.00 12.00 6.00 116 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Parrish-Godwin's Dissolved Bone with Potash. Bryant's Bone and Potash Bryant's Bone and Potash .Mixture Bryant's "Challenge" Highest Grade Tobacco Mixture Bryant's Special Cotton-seed Meal Fertilizer. Bryant's Bone Mixture for Tobacco Carolina Wheat and Grain Guano Farmers' Mixture Bryant's H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer Bryant's H. G. Meal Fertilizer Bryant's H. G. Guano Bryant's C. S. M. Guano Bryant's H. G. Fertilizer Bryant's "Victor" Tobacco Fertilizer Bryant's Choice C. S. M. 3 Per Cent Mixture. Bryant's Tobacco Fertilizer Bryant's "Otter" Special Tnliacco Fertilizer. . Bryant's Cotton and Corn Fertilizer Bryant's Special Fertilizer for Tobacco Bryant's Cotton Grower Bryant's Special Fertilizer Bryant's Cotton-seod Meal Guano Bryant's "Potomac'' Bone Special for Tobacco. Bryant's Special Formula for Grain and Grass Bryant's Wheat Mixture Bryant's Truck Grower Bryant's Fish Scrap Guano Bryant's Carolina Top Dresser Bryant's High Grade Top Dresser Bryant's Top Dresser Bryant's Special Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Blood Fish Scrap Biyant's Carolina Special Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Bryant's German Kainit The Berkley Chemical Co., Norfolk, Va. — Pure Ground Bone Total Resolute Acid Phosphate Berkley Acid Phosphate Berkley 12-5 Bone and Potash Berkley Bone and Potash Mixture Berkley Plant Food Laurel Potash Mixture Monitor Animal Bone Fertilizer Select Crop Grower Victory Special Crop Grower Berkley Tobacco Guano Advance Crop Grower ., Brandon Superphosphate Long Leaf Tobacco Grower Berkley Peanut and Grain Grower Superior Bone and Potash Mascot Truck Guano Royal Truck Grower The Leader of the World Avail. Phos. Acid. 12.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.75 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 0.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 4.00 .... 4.00 2.00 2.47 2.26 2.06 .82 1.85 .3.29 3.29 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 .-i.76 3.29 5.76 8.23 6.17 5.76 14.82 13.15 8.24 7.41 3.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3:00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 7.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 2.50 2.50 :;.()0 48.00 48.00 12.00 20.00 3.70 16.00 • • • • 14.00 .... 12.00 5.00 11.00 2.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 8.50 2.06 2.50 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 . ■ ■ • 4.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 5.00 3.29 5.00 The Bulletin. 117 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Berkley Top Dresser . . . Nitrate of Soda Dry Ground Fisb Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit. Bragaw Fertiliser Co., Washington, 1\\ C- 16 Per Cent Acid Palmetto Acid Phosphate Long Acre Bone Phosphate Farmers' Union Meal Mixture Beaufort County Guano Havana Tobacco Guano Tuckahoe Tobacco Guano Old Reliable Premium Guano Tar Heel Guano Pamlico Trucker 7-5-5 Truck Guano Riverview Potato Grower Chocowinity Special Tobacco Guano. Sunrise Tobacco Guano Genuine German Kainit I Conestee Chemical Co., Wilmington, 'S^. C— 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Conestee High Grade Acid Phosphate Conestee Acid Phosphate Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Cotton Grower Conestee Special Fertilizer for Cotton Conestee ^lelon Grower Conestee O. K. Fertilizer for Tobacco Conestee P. D. Q. Fertilizer Conestee "O. K." Fertilizer Conestee P. D. Q. Fertilizer for Tobacco. . . Conestee Plumb Gk)od Fertilizer Conestee Crop Grower for Tobacco Conestee Fish Scrap Guano for Tobacco . . . Conestee 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano Conestee 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano for Tobacco. Conestee Fish Scrap Guano Conestee Special Fertilizer Conestee Special Tobacco Fertilizer Conestee Fertilizer for Tobacco Avail. Phos. Acid. 4.00 Nitrogen. 8.23 15.00 8.23 Potash. 2.00 50.00 49.00 12.00 16.00 .... 14.00 .... 14.00 .... 9.00 2.26 2.0<> 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 5.00 3.29 6.00 4.00 2.47 5.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 .... 12.00 6.00 12.00 .... 5.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 3.00 12.00 2.00 11.00 6.00 11.00 5.00 11.00 4.00 11.00 3.00 11.00 2.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 . > • . 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 • 2.27 2.00 8.00 4.12 7.00 8.00 4.12 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO . 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2..50 118 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Conestee Fertilizer Coiiestee Crop Grower Conestee Tobacco Grower Conestee Complete Fertilizer Conestee Special Grain Fertilizer Conestee Standard Guano for Tobacco. Conestee Standard Guano Cotton-seed Meal Guano for Tobacco. . . Cotton-seed Meal Guano Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Bone and Potash Conestee Root Crop Guano Conestee Standard Truck Guano Conestee High Grade Guano Conestee Truck Grower Conestee Corn Guano Dried Fish Soi-ap Conestee Special Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Conestee Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash H. G. German Kainit 10 Per Cent Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 6.00 8.00 5.00 8.00 . • . . 4.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 4.95 8.00 6.00 3.30 8.00 6.00 2.47 3.00 4.50 8.02 . • . ■ 4.00 8.25 20.56 4.00 14.81 7.40 3.00 48.00 48.00 16.00 12.00 Columbia Guano Co.. yorfolk, Ya. — Raw Rone INIeal Total Columbia High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate Columbia 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Columbia Dissolved Bone Columbia Acid Phosphate Columbia 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. Columbia lO^^l. and l^o Bone and Potash Mix- ture Columbia 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mi.xture. Columbia 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. Columbia Bone and Potash for Grain Columbia Bono and Potash Mixture Tobacco Special Columbia C. S. M. Special Parrish"s Special Roanoke Ammoniated Guano Carolina Soluble Giiano Columbia Grain Guano Pelican Ammoniated Guano Columbia Special Truck Guano Trojan Tobacco Guano Columbia Special 4-S-3 Olympia Cotton Guano Hyco Tobacco Guano Our Best Meal Guano Cozart's Tobacco Special Columbia Special 1-9-2 Guano Royal Tobacco Fertilizer Columbia Special Tobacco Guano Columbia Guano Soluble for Tobacco Columbia Special Wheat Fertilizer 21.50 16.00 .... 14.00 1.3.00 .... 12.00 11.00 . . . . 10.50 1.50 10.00 5.00 10.00 . • . • 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 9.00 2.06 5.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 S.OO 3.30 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 ■'^.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.29 6.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 s.no 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 The Bulletin. 119 I Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Columbia Soluble Guano Spinola Peanut Grower Columbia 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . Columbia Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guano . . . Columbia Potato Guano Crown Brand Peanut Guano Columbia Side Dresser Columbia Special Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Columbia Top Dresser Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Cumberland Bone and Phosphate Co., Portland, Me., and Charleston, 8. C. — Standard Cumberland Bone and Superphos- phate of Lime The Coe-Mortimer Co., Charleston, S. C— Gen. Key — Tree Brand Thomas Phosphate, Total \ Gen. Key — Tree Brand Thomas Phosphate, Total '. High Grade Tankage Imported Ground Fish High Grade Tankage Imported Fish Guano Imported Fish Guano Total Imported Fish Guano Standard Countiy Club, Golf and Lawn Ferti- lizer Brand A for Planting Greens Nitrate of Soda H. G. Dried Blood H. G. Dried Blood Nitrate of Potash Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Muriate Mixture Genuine German Kaiuit Cooper Guano Co.. Wilmington, N. C. — Cooper's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Cooper's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Cooper's Grain Producer Cooper's Grain Grower Cooper's Recorder Cooper's Kite Cooper's Helmar Cooper's Horto Cooper's Chadbourn Trucker Cooper's Lenox Cooper's Sunset C. S. M Cooper's Clifford Cooper's Swamp Fox Cooper's Bunker Hill Cooper's Crusoe Cooper's Potato Cooper's Bald Head Island Avail. Phos. Acid. 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 Nitrogen. Potash. n.oo 18.00 1.65 1.02 .5.77 4.12 8.22 6.18 15.22 7.42 1.85 2.00 4.00 4.00 7.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.50 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 1.00 17.50 . . . 6.80 9.68 6.80 8.24 6.80 7.62 5.00 10.91 4.48 5.78 4.40 5.88 2.00 5.75 3.00 14.83 .... 14.00 .... 13.59 . . . • 12.36 44.00 49.00 49.00 20.00 12.00 16.00 .... .... 14.00 .... .... 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 8.85 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 2.00. 120 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Cooper's Reward 8.00 Cooper's Waccamaw 8.00 Cooper's Sterling Complete 8.00 Cooper's Peanut Bouncer 8.00 Cooper's Finis 7.00 Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash .... Kainit .... Craven Chemical Co., Neiv Bern, X. C. — Panama 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 1(5.00 Jewel Acid Phosphate 14.00 Turkey Trot Bone and Potash 12.00 Herring's Bone and Potash 12.00 Foy's High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture. 10.00 Craven Grain Compound 10.00 Craven H. G. Bone and Potash 10.00 Trent Bone and Potash 10.00 Halifax Guano 9.00 Prolix 9-2-3 Special Guano 9.00 Hanover Standard Guano 8.00 Currituck Sweet Potato Guano 8.00 Craven Chemical Co.'s Standard Tobacco Guano 8.00 Duplin Tobacco Guano 8.00 Gaston High Grade Fertilizer 8.00 C. E. Foy High Grade Guano 8.00 Marvel Great Crop Grower 8.00 Elite Cotton Guano 8.no Pantego Potato Guano 7.00 Xeuse Truck Grower G.OO Craven Chemical C^.'s Truck Guano. 5-10-21/2- 5-00 Craven Chemical Co.'s Top Dresser A 4.00 Craven Chemical Co.'s Top Dresser B 4.00 Craven Chemical Co.'s Top Dresser C .... Genuine German Kainit . . ■ . William H. Camp, Petersburg, Va. — Bone Meal Total 22.50 Camp's Acid Phosphate 16.00 Camp's Acid Phosphate 14.00 Camp's Shepherd Brand Bone and Potash . . . 10.00 Camp's Bone and Potash 10.00 Camp's Lion and Monkey for Tobacco 8.00 Camp's Red Head Chemicals 8.00 Camp's Lion and Monkey 8.00 Cat and Rat Peanut Grower 8.00 Victory Corn Grower 8.00 Camp's Shepherd Brand Bone and Potash .... 8.00 Camp's Green Head Chemicals 7.00 Camp's Above All 6.00 Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash •■ • • German Kainit . • • • Clayton Oil Mill, Clayton, N. C— C. O. M. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 C. O. M. High Grade Bone and Potash 12.00 C. O. M. Bone and Potash 10.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 .82 4.00 4.11 5.00 14.85 50.00 48.00 .... 12.00 2.47 1.65 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 1.65 4.12 4.94 8.24 8.24 6.18 7.41 3.80 6.00 5.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 6.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 7.00 6.00 2.50 4.00 2.50 3.0(k 12.00 4.00 .... 2.00 2.46 3.00 2.25 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 5.00 6.15 10.00 5.75 5.00 14.75 .... 48.00 .... 12.00 5.00 5.00 The Bulletin. 121 AvaiL Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. C. O. M. Wheat Compound 10.00 Austin's Special 9.00 Wav Side Special 9.00 C. W. H. Special 8.00 Clayton Guano 8.00 Clayton Special Tobacco Grower 8.00 Planters' Favorite 8.00 Cotton Queen 8.00 Summer Queen 8.00 C. O. M. Top Dresser 3.00 H. and W. D. Climax Top Dresser Perfection Top Dresser .... C. O. M. German Kainit .... Cataivha Fertiitizer Co., Lancaster, S. C. — Catawba High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00 Catawba High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Catawba Acid and Potash 12.00 Catawba Acid and Potash 12.00 Catawba Special 10.00 Catawba Farmers' King 10.00 Catawba Climax 10.00 Catawba Preference 10.00 Catawba Grain King 10.00 Catawba Acid and Potash 10.00 Catawba Gold Medal 9.00 Catawba Farmers' Special 9.00 Catawba Farmers' Union 9.00 Catawba Farmers' Union 9.00 Catawba Economizer 8.85 Catawba Dixie 8.85 Catawba Old HIcIjoit 8.00 Catawba Reliable 8.00 Catawba Electric 8.00 Catawba Farmers' Choice 8.00 Catawba Red Rose 8.00 Catawba Peerless 8.00 Catawba Red Star 8.00 Catawba Champion 8.00 Catawba Standard 8.00 Catawba Standard Formula S.OO Catawba Eclipse 8.00 Catawba Acid and Potash 8.00 Catawba Cotton Producer 6.00 Catawba Superior 4.00 Catawba Excelsior 4.00 Catawba Top Dresser 4.00 Goicelh Sioann d McCotter Co., Bayhoro. N. C — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Bone Phosphate 14.00 Standard Cotton Grower 8.00 Champion Guano 8.00 Cowell's Great Tobacco Grower 8.00 Special Tobacco Guano 8.00 Special Cotton Guano 8.00 Quick Grower Guano 8.00 Rust Proof Cotton Guano 8.00 Crop Guano 8.00 Great Cabbage and Potato Guano 7.00 itrogen. Potash. 2.05 4.50 2.47 3.00 1.65 4.00 4.10 5.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 7.75 2.00 12.75 9.85 4.00 12.00 5.00 . . . . 4.00 3.29 4.00 1.65 5.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 .82 4.00- . ■ > • 4.00 2.47 7.00 2.47 2.00 1.85 4.00 1.85 4.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 3.29 6.00 .3.29 4.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 5.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.05 3.00 2.05 2.00 2.06 1.00 1.65 2.0O > • > • 4.00 4.93 5.00 5.75 7.00 5.75 4.00 6.16 2.50 3.30 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 5.77 7.00 122 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Oriental Truckei- 7.00 Aurora Trucker 7.00 High Grade Truck Guano 7.00 Potato Favorite Guano 7.00 Cabbage Guano 5.00 German Kainit .... Carolina Union Fertilizer Co., Tsiorfolk, To. — Farmers' Union Dissolved Animal Bone 13.00 Carolina Union Raw Bone Meal Total 21.00 Thomas Phosphate Total 16.00 Carolina Union 16 Per Cent. 16.00 Carolina Union 14 Per Cent 14.00 Carolina Union 13 Per Cent 13.00 Carolina Union 12 Per Cent 12.00 Carolina Union 10-5 10.00 Carolina Union 10-4 10.00 Carolina Union 10-2 10.00 Farmers' Union 9-214-4 Guano 9.00 Carolina Union 2-10-2 2.00 Carolina Union 8-7-5 S.OO Carolina Union S-4-4 8.00 Carolina Union 8-3-3 S.OO Carolina Union 8-2V'-3 8.00 Carolina Union 8-2.-5-2 8.00 Carolina Union 8-2-2 8.00 Carolina Union 8-2-3 8.00 Carolina Union 8-4 8.00 Carolina Union 7-4-5 7.00 Nitrate of Soda Blood Fish Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Carolina Union 1-8-4 8.00 Ghickamanga Fertilizer Work-'t. Atlanta. Ga. — Chickamauga High Grade Dissolved Bone. No. 16 16.00 Chickamauga High Grade Dissolved Bone. . . 14.00 Chickamauga 13-4 13.00 Chickamauga Potash Special, No. 4 12.00 Chickamauga Potash Special 12.00 Chickamauga Dissolved Bone 12.00 Chickamauga Very Best Extra H. G. Guano. . 10.00 Ben Hur H. G. Blood and Bone Guano 10.00 Special Potato Compound 10.00 Special Wheat Compound 10.00 Special Vegetable Compound 10.00 Special Corn Compound 10.00 Chickamauga High Grade Fertilizer 10.00 Chickamauga High Grade Plant Food 10.00 Chickamauga Scrap Guano ... 10.00 Chickamauga V^'heat Special 10.00 Chickamauga Corn Special 10.00 Chickamauga Cotton Special 10.00 Old Glory Mixture 10.00 Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower, No. 8. 10.00 Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower. No. 6. 10.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 4.12 4.12 4.12 3.30 8.25 2.06 3.71 1.85 8.25 5.77 3.30 2.47 2.06 2.00 1.65 .65 3.30 14.85 13.20 9.04 8.22 3.30 2.47 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 .82 .82 .82 8.00 7.00 5.00 7.00 2.50 12.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 :^..00 4.00 5.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.0O 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 .•^.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 8.00 6.00 The Bulletin. 123 Name and Address of Manufactuier and Name of Brand. Cbickamauga Wheat aud Corn Grower, No. 5. Chickamauga Wheat and Corn Grower Chickamauga Bone and Potash Chickamauga Blood. Bone and Tankage Guano Special Potato Grower Special Wheat Grower Special Vegetable Grower Special Corn Grower Chickamauga Complete Fertilizer Chickamauga Standard Corn Grower Chickamauga Standard Wheat Grower Georgia Home Guano No. 3 Bone, Tankage and Potash Mixture .... Chickamauga Alkaline Bone, No. 6 Chickamauga Alkaline Bone. No. 5 Chickamauga Alkaline Bone Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Canton Fertiliser Co., Canton, Ga. — Dissolved Bone . Dissolved Bone R. T. Jones Extra H. G Elberta Special North Georgia High Grade. Ten Two Four Southern King High Grade Fish High Grade Orange High Grade Jomco High Grade Quickstep Wheat and Grain Grower Special Potash Mixture. . .-. Eight Two Four Fish Standard Jomco Standard Grade Dissolved Bone and Potash Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash The ChesapcoJiC Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md,— C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Phosphate C. C. Co.'s Reliable Phosphate C. C. Co.'s Celebrated Mixture C. C. Co.'s Rapid Trucker C. C. Co.'s High Grade Guano C. C. Co.'s Excelsior Fertilizer C. C. Ca.'s Fish Guano C. C. Co.'s Aramoniated Phosphate C. C. Co.'s National Crop Grower C. C. Co.'s Keystone Phosphate C. C. Co.'s Potato Compound C. C. Co.'s Prolific Top Dresser C. C. Co.'s German Kainit Caraleifih PltOHpliate and Fertilizer Worlcs. Raieigh, A'. C. — Raw Bone Meal Total in Per Cent Acid Phosphate Climax Dissolved Bone Avail. Plios. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 10.0<3 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 S.OO 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 6.00 S.OO 5.00 8.00 .... 4.00 15.00 15.00 .50.00 16.00 .... 14.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 2.06 7.00 10.00 2.06 3.00 10.00 1.65 4.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 > * ■ • 4.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO . > . • 4.00 48.00 14.00 > . • < .... 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 8.00 3.2S 7.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 1.64 3.00 8.00 1.64 2.00 7.00 • 3.28 5.00 6.00 4.10 5.00 7.51 3..50 12.00 25.00 16.00 14.00 3.70 124 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Sterling Acid Phosphate Staple Acid Phosphate Horne & Son's High Grade Bone and Potash. Special Bone and Potash Mixture Morris & Scarboro's Special Bone and Potash. Electric Bone and Potash Mixture Pacific Tobacco and Cotton Grower Rhamkatte Special Tobacco Guano Special 8-4-4 Home's Best .' Eclipse Ammouiated Guano Planter's Pride Caraleigh Special Tobacco Guano Eli Amnioniated Fertilizer Crown Ammonia ted Guano Comet Guano Buncombe Corn Grower Buncombe Wheat Grower Caraleigh Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda KauoJia Tankage Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Central Phosphate Co., Mount Pleasant, Tcnn. — Tennessee Phosphate Total Chcraw Fertilizer Co., Cheraic, S. C. — Cheraw Perfection Acid Phosphate Cheraw High Grade Acid Phosphate Cheraw Standard Acid Phosphate Cheraw Perfection Cheraw Special Cheraw High Grade Cheraw Excelsior Cheraw Fish Mixture Cheraw Complete Farmers' Pride Cheraw Top Dressing Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. 13.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 3.00 28.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.26 3.30 3.30 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 .82 8.22 15.62 9.46 50.00 50.a) 12.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 • • • • 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 7.00 3.29 3.00 7.00 2.47 4.00 6.00 2.47 2.50 3.00 7.41 14.80 3.00 4S.00 12.00 Comhahcc Fertiliser Co., Charleston, S. C. — Combahee Fertilizer Co. Dissolved Bone Combahee Fertilizer Co. Dissolved Bone Combahee Fertilizer Co. Dissolved Bone Combahee Fertilizer Co. Melon Combahee Fertilizer Co. Cantaloupe Combahee Fertilizer Co. K. M. S Combahee Fertilizer Co. H. G. Cotton Fer- tilizer Special Mixture Combahee Fertilizer Co. Cotton and Corn Com- pound Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Kainit 16.00 .... 14.00 .... 13.00 .... .... 10.00 3.30 5.00 10.00 2.47 10.00 s.oo 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.00 1.50 8.00 1.05 14.84 2.00 48!66 12.00 The Bulletin. 125 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Carolina Warehouse Co., SaUshiiry, N. C. — Farmers' Union 8-3-3 Guano Farraers' Union 8-3-3 Tobacco Guano Farmers' Union 9-2-3 Guano Farmers' Union 8-2-2 Guano Farmers' Union S-2-2 Tobacco Guano Fai-mers' Union 9-1-3 Guano Farmers' Union 8-2.5-2 Guano Farmers' Union 8-2.5-2 Tobacco. Guano Farmers' Union 8-2.5-3 Guano Farmers' Union 8-2.5-3 Tobacco Guano Farmers' Union 8-4-4 Guano Farmers' Union 10-4-4 Guano Farmers' Union 10-3-3 Guano Farmers' Union 10-2-2 Guano Farmers' Union 8-4-6 Guano Farmers' Union 8-4-6 Tobacco Guano Farmers' Union 8-2-10 Guano Farmers' Union 8-1-4 Guano Farmers' Union 7-5-8 Guano Farmers' Union 7-5-5 Guano Farmers' Union S-1-3 Guano Farmers' Union 8-2-3 Guano Fai'mers' Union 4-7.5-2 Top Dresser Farmers' Union 7-7-7 Guano Farmers' Union 7-5-5 Guano Farmers' Union 12-6 Bone and Potasli Farmers' Union 12-5 Bone and Potasli Farmers' Union 12-4 Bone and Potash Farmers' Union 12-3 Bone and Potash Farmers' Union 10-6 Bone and Potash P\armers' Union 10-5 Bone and Potasli Farmers' Union 10-4 Bone and Potash Farmers' Union 10-3 Bone and Potash. ...... Farmers' Union 10-2 Bone and Potash Farmers' Union 8-5 Bone and Potash Farmers' Union 8-4 Bone and Potash Farmers' Union 20-12 Bone and Potash Farmers' Union 20-8 Bone and Potash Farmers' Union 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Farmers' Union 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Farmers' Union 21.5-4.5 Bone Meal Total Farmers' Union 12 Per Cent Kainit Farmers' Union Nitrate of Soda Farmers' Union Muriate of Potash Farmers' Union Sulphate of Potash Farmers' Union Fish Scrap Farmers' Union Basic Slag Total Farmers' Union Ground Phosphate Rock, Total Farmers' Union Tankage Contentnea Guano Co., Wilson, N. C. — High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Contentnea 14 Per Cent Acid Bartholomew's Cotton Special "Cora Club" Special Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 3 ". . . . Bone and Potash Mixture. No. 2 Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 1 Cotion Special Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 3.47 3.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 .82 4.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 4.00 6.17 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 12.00 6.00 12.00 5.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 3.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 • t . 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 3:00 10.00 2.00 8.00 5.00 8.00 4.00 20.00 12.00 20.00 8.00 16.00 ...» 14.00 .... 21.50 15.6( 8.24 3.70 12.00 ) 50.00 50.00 t .... 17.00 • • • • • . • 28.00 . • * • 2.00 8.2. t 16.00 14.00 • • • • • • • 10.00 2.4' 7.00 10.00 .85 J 5.00 10.00 • • • 5.00 10.00 . . . 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 3.3{ ) 5.00 126 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Coutentuea Cotton Formula Bartbolomew's Cotton Grower 8-4^7-7 for Tobacco 8-4y2-7 for Cotton Climax High Grade Howard & Williams' Cotton Special Bartholomew's Tobacco Special Cotton Special High Grade Tobacco Grower Government Formula, No. 1 Government Formula. No. 2 Victor Fertilizer for Tobacco Farmers' Favorite Formula Pick Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer Top Notch Fertilizer .Matchless Cotton Grower Contentnea Cotton Grower Contentnea Tobacco Sjiecial Bragg Cotton Grower Blood and Bone Cotton Compound Bragg Corn Grower Special Formula for Truck Contentnea Corn Special High Grade Top Dresser Special Top Dresser Contentnea Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Mnnure Salts -Manure Salts H. G. 10 Per Cent German Kainit German Kainit •/. W. Carter, Maxton. y. C- Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit. Crown Fertilizer Crown 2-8-2 Crown .3-8-3 Crown 4-8-4 Co.. Baltimore, Md.- Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 9.00 2.25 2.00 9.00 1.85 5.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.88 5.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.05 5.00 8.00 2.90 5.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 S.OO 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 S.OO 2.47 4.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO .82 5.00 7.00 4.06 7.00 5.00 1.G5 5.00 4.00 8.25 4.00 4.00 6.60 4.00 3.00 8.25 14.82 5.00 50.66 50.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 12.00 48.00 12.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 C. p. Dey, Beaufort, N. C— Ground Fish Scrap 7.00 8.23 Dixie Guano Co., Savannah, Ga. — Phosphoric Acid Phosphoric Acid ,. Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash. Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash. 16.00 14.00 11.00 10.00 2.00 4.0O American Agricultural Chemical Co., Dixie Guano Branch, Spartanhurg, S. C. — Dixie Acid Phosphate Dixie Acid Phosphate Dixie Bone and Potash Dixie Fertilizer Dixie Fertilizer 16.00 .... 14.00 .... 13.00 0.00 10.00 3.30 4.00 10.00 2.47 . 3.00 The Bulletin . 121 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Dix Dix Dix Dix Dix Dix Dix Dix Dix Dix Dix Dix Dix Blood. Bone and Potash Fertilizer Cotton Grower Fertilizer Bone and Potash Blood and Rone Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer Corn Grower Fertilizer Special Corn Mixture Fertilizer . . Fertilizer Bonus Brand , Bone and Potash Dixie Guano Co., Durham, N. C. — Dixie 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. . . . Dixie 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. . . . Dixie Champion for Wheat and Corn. Jeff Davis Special Dixie Star Ammoniated •Dixie Corn Fertilizer Radium Brand Guano Dixie Tobacco Fertilizer Carolina Special Ammoniated Sulky Plow Brand Guano Battle's Blood and Bone Fertilizer . . . Niagara Soluble Bone Dixie Cotton Fertilizer Old Plantation Superphosphate The Dunn Oil Mill Co.. Dunn, N. C- Uncle Zeb Bull of the Field Dunn Hustler Planters Special Sampson Cotton Grower Dixie Guano Co., Inc., Suffolk, Ya. — Dixie Acid Phosphate Dixie Acid Phosphate Dixie Goodluck Brand Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash. Dixie Monticellc Brand Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash. Dixie's Best Dixie Maximum Brand Dixie S-4-4 Guano Dixie 8-2-5 Guano Dixie High Grade Dixie Standard Guano Dixie Jumbo Peanut Grower. . . . Dixie 10 Per Cent Top Dresser . . Dixie 7 Per Cent American Agricultural Chemical Co., Eagle Fer- tilizer Branch. Spartanburg, S. C. — Eagle Acid Phosphate Eagle Acid Phosphate Eagle Bone and Potash Avail. Phos. Acid Nitrogen. Potash. 10.00 2.47 2.00 10.00 1 .05 3.00 10.00 .... 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.10 8.00 .... 4.00 16.00 14.00 .... 10.50 • • . • 1.50 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 3.28 5.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 9.50 2.75 5.00 8.00 3.00 4.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 8.00 2.00 2.00 16.00 14.00 .... .... 12.00 1.00 6.00 11.00 .... 2.00 10.00 1.00 2.00 10.00 .... 4.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 5.00 5.66 4.00 16.00 - 14.00 .... 13.00 .... 6.00 I 128 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Eagle Fertilizer •. 10.00 Eagle Fertilizer 10.00 Eagle Fertilizer 10.00 Eagle Cotton Grower 10.00 Eagle Bone and Potash 10.00 Eagle Blood and Bone Fertilizer 9.00 Eagle Fertilizer 9.00 Eagle Fertilizer 8.90 Eagle Fertilizer 8.00 Eagle Fertilizer 8.00 Eagle Corn Grower 8.00 Eagle Special Com. Mixture 8.00 Eagle Fertilizer .* 8.00 Eagle Bone and Potash 8.00 Etitcan Fertilizer Co., Charleston, S. C. — Etiwan 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Etiwan High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 Etiwan Dissolved Bone 13.00 Diamond Soluble Bone 13.00 Etiwan Acid Phosphate with Potash 11.00 Plow Brand Acid Phosphate with Potash .... 11.00 Etiwan Potash Bone 10.00 Etiwan Soluble Bone with Potash 10.00 Diamond Soluble Bone with Potash 10.00 XX Acid Phosphate with Potash 10.00 Etiwan Blood and Bone Guano 9.00 Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate 9.00 Etiwan 9-2-3 Per Cent Ammoniated Fertilizer. 9.00 Plow Brand Ammoniated Dissolved Bone. . . . 9.00 Etiwan Superior Cotton Fertilizer 8.00 Etiwan Special Cotton Fertilizer 8.00 Plow Brand Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 Etiwan Cotton Comiwund 8.00 Etiwan High Grade Cotton Fertilizer 8.00 Etiwan Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00 Plow Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00 Etiwan Special Potash Mixture 8.00 Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash .... Genuine German Kalnlt .... Elmore Oin and Fertilizer Co., Elmore, N. C. — Elmore Cantaloupe Special 8.00 Elmore Standard Cotton Fertilizer 8.00 Elmore 8-4-4 8.00 Elmore Standard Brand 8.00 Elmore X Fertilizer 6.50 Eastern Cotton Oil Co., Hertford, N. C. — Acid Phosphate 16.00 Acid Phosphate 14.00 "Ten-One-Four for Peanuts" 10.00 Bone Potash 10.00 Currituck Special for Yellow Sweets 8.00 Mat White Special 8.00 Farmers Sensation for Tobacco 8.00 It-grows Currituck Yellows 8.00 Rain-proof Cotton Grower 8.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 3.30 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 2.00 1.65 3.00 • • • . 4.00 1.65 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2/)0 3.30 4.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 •j.OO 1.65 4.00 1.65 2.00 4.00 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 3.30 3.30 3.30 2.47 2.47 1.65 1.65 14.82 3.29 2.47 3.29 3.29 2.47 1.00 1.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 48.00 12.00 7.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 2.50 .83 4.00 4.00 3.29 6.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 The Bulletin. 129 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Magic Economy Fish and Blood Mixture Perquimans Favorite Early Bird Hertford Truck Grower Tankage and Fish Substitute, Peruvian Guano for Ti-uck Xun-such Potato Grower Nitrate of Soda Dried Fish Fish Scrap Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Elba Manufacturing Co., Maxton, N. C. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Elba Melon Grower Elba Superior Fertilizer Elba High Grade Fertilizer Elba Sunrise Fertilizer Elba Eclipse John's Cotton Grower Elba Gold Seal Fertilizer Elba Champion Elba Uncle Tom ' Elba Standard Elba Hornets' Nest Muriate of Potash Kainit The Eureka Fertilizer Co., Perryville, Md.- High Grade Trucker Potato and Vegetable White Potato Special American Agricultural Chemical Co., Farmers Fer- tilizer Works, Spartanburg, 8. C. — Red Rooster Acid Phosphate Red Rooster Acid Phosphate Red Rooster Bone and Potash Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Blood. Bone and Pc\tash Fer- tilizer Red Rooster Money Maker Fertilizer Red Rooster Cotton Grower Fertilizer Red Rooster Bone and Potash Red Rooster Bone and Potash Red Rooster Blood and Bone Fertilizer Red Rooster Beats All Fertilizer Red Rooster Fertilizer. . .^. Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Farmers' Favorite Fertilizer. . . . Red Rooster Corn Grower Red Rooster Special Corn Mixture Red Rooster Fertilizer Red Rooster Bone and Potash Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 5.77 5.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 15.67 0.00 8.07 7.00 49.00 48.00 12.00 10.00 14.00 8.00 4.12 7.0O 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.00 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 5.75 5.00 48.00 12.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 16.00 .... 14.00 .... 13.00 • ■ • • 6.00 10.00 3.30 4.00 :ooo 2.47 3.00 iO.OO 2. 17 2.00 -iO.OO 1.85 2.85 lO.Oi' 1.65 3.00 •o.<'.i> .... 4.00 ■0.(h; .... 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2;)0 8.90 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 500 8.00 .1.65 4.1)0 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.00 9 130 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Farmers Supply Co., Edenton, N. C. — Acid Phosphate German Kainit Farmers Guano Co., Raleigh, N. C, and Norfolk, va..— Ra\A' Bone Meal Total 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Farmers Acid Phosphate Special H. G. Bone and Potash Farmers Grain Grower Special Bone and Potash Mixture Century Bone and Potash Mixture Farmers Blood and Bone Big Crop Guano Money Point Guano Golden Grade Guano Toco Tobacco Guano Farmers Ammoniated Guano State Standard Guano Farmers Peanut Guano Special Bone and Potash Farmers 7 Per Cent Trucker Farmers Challenge Farmers Formula Farmers 6-7-5 Trucker Farmers Top Dressoi- Nitrate- of Soda Kanona Tankage Muriate of Potasli Sulphate of Potasli Genuine German Kainit Farmers Conpcratirc Guano Co.. Inc.. BlacJcstone and Kenhridge, Va. — F. C. G. Co.'s Raw Bone Meal Total Pure Animal Bone Total F. C. G. Co.'s Acid Phosphate F. C. G. Co.'s Acid Phosphate Jericho Corn Grow«n- F. C. G. Co.'s Bone and Potash Compound . . . F. C. G. Co.'s Bone and Potash Compound. . . Walkover for Corn and Peanuts Virginia Special for Tobacco The Meherrin Special for Tobacco Nottoway Special for Tobacco Free State Official Tobacco Guano Paul Jones for Tobacco Pope's Peerless Guano Farmers Common Sense Guano ' Kainit Federal Chemical Co.. Columbia, Tenn. — , Tennessee Brown Phosphate Rock Total Foreign Products Company, Inc., Baltimore, Md. — Ground Basic Slag Total Acid Phosphate Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Acid. 16.00 Potash. 12.00 25.00 3.70 • • • • 16.00 • 14.00 . 1 . ■ 13.00 .... 11.00 > • < ■ 5.00 10.00 1.03 2.00 10.00 • • • • 4.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.88 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.03 4.00 8.00 • • • • 4.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 2.47 3.25 6.00 5.77 5.00 3.00 8.28 15.62 9.46 4.00 50.66 50.00 12.00 21.00 3.70 21.00 2.47 * • • • 16.00 .... 14.00 . . . • 10.00 1.03 .... 10.00 < • < • 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.03 1.00 8.00 3.29 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 1.64 2.00 8.00 1.64 3.00 8.00 1.27 3.00 12.00 29.25 17.00 16.00 The Bulletin. 131 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Acid Phosphate JVitrate of Soda Ground Fish Muriate of Potash Stilphate of Potash Kaiuit Farmville Oil and Fertilizer Co., Farmville, N. C. — XXX High Grade Acid Phosphate XX Hfgh Grade Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate FFF Bone and Potash Farmville High Grade (C. S. M.) Davis's Corn Grower Pitt County Corn Grower Farmville's Favorite Fertilizer Greene County Special (for tobacco) Scientific Cotton Grower Specific Cotton Grower East Carolina Cotton Grower Davis's Special Guano Carolina Chief Lang's Favorite Fai'mville Special Turnage's Fish Scrap Mixture Harris's Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower Uncle Sam's Tobacco Grower Sterling for Tobacco Big Leaf (Tobacco Grower) Lewis's 8-3-7 Tobacco Special Pollard's Special Formula Lewis's 8-3-5 Tobacco Special Obelisk Pride of Pitt Harriss's Special Tobacco Grower Turnage's Fish Scrap Mixture Congo Davis's High Grade Tobacco Manure Marlboro Tobacco Grower Golden Crown Marlboro Cotton Grower Pitt County Cotton Grower Chamblee & Sons' Special Cotton King Perfect Tobacco Guano Contentnea Special Davis's Cotton Grower Carolina Standard /. Farmville Standard (C. S. M.) Farmville's Bone Mixture Lewis's Special for Cotton Lang's High Grade Tobacco Manure Evergreen Top Dresser Second Application Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 14.00 15.00 8.22 50.00 48.60 12.00 18.00' 16.00 • > . . .... 14.00 .... .... 12.00 4.00 10.00 2.47 4.00 10.00 .82 5.00 10.00 .82 4.00 9.00 2.90 5.00 9.00 2.67 5.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.29 3.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.25 4.50 8.00 2.25 2.00 8.00 2.05 4.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 2.67 4.50 6.00 2.88 6.00 4.00 8.24 4.00 4.00 4.10 20.50 15.58 6.00 50.66 50.00 12.00 132 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Floradora Guano Co.. Laurinhiirff, N. C. — Humus Rocky Ford North Robeson Special Florena Floradora Supply Company Special Oeeola Rob Roy Red Raven Bostick's High Grade Scotland Special Floradora Top Dresser Fremont Oil Mills, Fremont, N. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Fremont High Grade Bone and Potash. Carolina C. S. M. Compound Fremont High Grade Guano F. O. M. Co. 8-3-7 Fremont Oil Mill Co.'s Special Tobacco. Fremont Standard Fertilizer Nahunta Special Square Deal Up-to-date F. O. M. Co. Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit Farmers Cotton Oil Co., Wilson, N. C. — 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Bonum Acid Phosphate Contentnea Acid Phosphate Washington's Corn Mixture Guano. Xtra Good Bone and Potash Whitley's Special Guano Dean's Special Guano Regal Tobacco Guano Xewsome's Tobacco Special J. D. Farrier's Special Guano Graves' Cotton Grower Guano Golden Gem Guano Wilson High Grade Guano Planters' Friend Guano Carolina Choice Tobacco Guano. . . . Crop King Guano Farmers' Special Guano Rogers' Truck Grower Wilson Top Dresser Perfect Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 10.00 3.29 . 5.00 10.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 6.40 2.13 3.00 4.00 6.58 4.00 16.00 14.00 .... .... 10.00 . t • ■ 4.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 3.00 7.40 14.85 5.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 2.00 2.00 .82 3.30 3.70 2.88 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.27 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 5.76 9.05 8.23 20.57 15.63 5.00 2.00 4.00 7.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 7.00 4.00 .-.00 50.00 50.00 12.00 The Bulletin. 133 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. FranJcUn Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Co., Inc., FranJclin, Va. — Pretlow & Co.'s H. G. Acid Phosphate Pretlow & Co.'s H. G. Truck Fertilizer Pretlow & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Mixture . . . Pretlow & Co.'s Champion Guano Pretlow & Co.'s Peanut Grower Pretlow & Co.'s Genuine German Kainit Georgia Chemical Works, Augusta, Ga.— High Grade Dissolved Bone Phosphate Extra Dissolved Bone Phosphate Dissolved Bone Phosphate 12 Per Cent Dissolved Bone P"hosphate High Grade XX Acid Phosphate with Potash . Bone and Potash Mascot Blood and Bone Guano Good as Gold Guano Gem Crop Grower Cardinal High Grade Intensive Formula Three Oaks High Grade Guano Georgia Formula XXX Meal Mixture Acid Phosphate with 4 Per Cent Potash Kainit German Kali WorJcfi, Bditimore. Md. — Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Manure Salts Kainit Griffith & Boyd Co., Baltimore, Md. — High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Grower's Favorite Farmer's Potato Manure Fish Bone and Potash 7 Per Cent Guano Griffith <£• Turner Co.. Baltimore. Md. — Ammoniated Butcher's Bone Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. IG.OO 8.00 4.12 •j.OO 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 12.00 16.00 .... 14.00 13.00 12.00 .... .... 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.6.5 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 S.OO 2.47 3.0<» 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.0f) 12.00 50.00 48.00 20.00 12.00 16.00 • • • ■ .... 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 .82 9.00 7.25 1.50 3.00 5.00 5.75 5.00 9.00 1.25 1.50 ■ 'N. G. Grandy & Co., Elisabeth City and Balti- P more, Md. — Grandy's High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate ^ Eollingshxirst d Co., 'Neio York City. N. Y. — Wl Bone Meal Total ^B Bone Meal Total ^B Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) ... .Total ^r Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) ... .Total Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) . . . .Total Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) . . . .Total Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) . . . .Total Thomas Phos. Powder (Basic Slag) Total 16.00 22.88 2.46 22.80 2.47 21.00 20.00 18.00 17.00 16.00 14.00 134 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Home Fertilizer and Chemical Co., Baltimore, Mel. — Champion Dissolved Phosphate Home High Grade Acid Phosphate Home Dissolved Animal Bone Gilt Edge Crop Grovrer Eclipse Blood. Beef and Bone Home Bone and Potash Home Alkaline Bone Home Ammoniated Bone Home B. G. Ammoniated Compound Everybody's Fertilizer Home Standard Guano Champion Dissolved Bone and Phosphate... Riosa Tobacco Compound Special C. & C. Compound Yancey's Formula for Yellow Leaf Tobacco. Phoenix Crop Grower Home Potato Special Matchless Guano Home Cereal Fertilizer Ammoniated Bone Manure Farmers' Choice Tinicker's Special Compound Home Vegetable Fertilizer Eclipse Ammoniated Compound Home Potato Grower Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Cei'ealite Top Dresser Home Fertilizer ^ruriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid. 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 G.OO G.OO fi.OO fi.OO Nitrogen. Potasli. 1.65 1.65 1.23 1.65 .82 .82 3.30 2.48 2.48 2.48 2.48 2.48 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 5.77 4.12 3.30 3.30 20.62 14.85 7.43 4.oa 3.00 5.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 3.0O 3.00 2.oa 2.00 10.00 4.00 2.0O 5.00 4.00 5.00 0.00 10.00 4.00 3.00 7.0O .50.00 48.00 12.00 Eadlcii. Tlarrif! d Co.. Wilson, N. C— Hadley's Special 8-4Vo-7 Hadley's Special 8-3-5 Golden Weerl Tobacco Grower.... Hadley Boss Daisy Fish Mixture Top Dressing Nitrate of Soda German Kainit S.OO 8.00 8.00 8.00 S.OO 2.00 3.70 2.47 2.47 2.26 1.65 8.23 1.5.60 7.110 5.0O 3.00 2..50 2.00 5.00 12.00 Hampton Guano Co.. yorfolk. Va. — Pure Ground Bone.- Total Supreme Acid Phosphate Hampton Acid Phosphate Hampton 12-5 Bone and Potash Mixture Hampton Bone and Potash Mixture Hampton Crop Grower Dauntless Potash Mixture Arlington Animal Bone Fertilizer Alpha Crop Grower Little's Favorite Crop Grower Hampton Tobacco Guano P. P. P. (Princess Prolific Producer) Extra Tobacco Guano Shirley Superphosphate 20.00 3.70 16.00 14.00 .... 12.00 n.OO' 11.00 2.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.0O 9.00 1.85 4.00 8.50 2.06 2..50 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.0O The BuLLETiisr. 135 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Hampton Special Grain and Peanut Fertilizer. Excelsior Bone and Potash Reliance Truck Guano Virginia Truck Grower Hampton 10 Per Cent Truck Grower Hampton Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Dry Ground Fish Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit S. B. Harrell d Co.. Inc., Noi-folk, To.— Harrell's Acid Phosphate Harrell's Eclipse Harrell's Champion Cotton and Peanut Grower Harrell's Truck Guano HartsviUe Fertilizer Co., HartsviUe, S. C: Hartsville Best Acid Phosphate HartsviUe High Grade 14 Per Cent Acid Phos- phate Hartsville XXX Acid Phosphate Coker's Special for Cotton Hartsville B. P. Mixture Hartsville B. P. Mixture Farmers" Pride Light Lan .... 8.23 50.00 49.00 12.00 14.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 5.76 5.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 • . • • 10.00 4.00 M.OO 10.00 > > • ■ 4.00 10.00 • • • • 2.00 8.90 2.00 2.00 8.00 7.00 5.00 8.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 4.00 4.00 8.00 4.00 4.00 8.00 3.00 4.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 8.00 3.00 .3.00 8.00 2.50 1.00 8.00 • • • ■ 4.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 7.50 2.50 3.75 4.00 5.00 2.00 7.00 18.00 7.00 9.00 3.00 48.00 12.00 8.00 2.48 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.14 5.00 7.00 1.65 5.00 6.00 5.78 5.00 16.00 14.00 .... 10.00 < • • ■ 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 136 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Hubbard's Noxall Hul. bard's Royal Ensigu 1 lulibard's Yellow Wrapper HuUbartl's Fish Comiwund Hubbard's Exchange Guano Hubbaid's Southern Leader Hubbard's 5 Per Ceut Royal Seal Hubbard's Heavy Long Leaf Hubbard's New Process Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Pure German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 3.28 4.00 S.OO. 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 1.64 3.00 S.OO 1.64 2.00 7.00 3.28 5.00 6.00 4.10 5.00 4.00 3.28 6.00 7.51 3.50 .... 15.68 50.66 12.40 Interstate Chemical Corporation, Charleston, and Charlotte, N. C. — High Grade Ammoniated Fertilizer.... Planters' Preference Favorite Crop Grower Complete Fertilizer Challenge Brand Guano Special High Grade Foruniin Special High Grade Guano Special High Grade Track Guano High Grade Top Dresser Grain and Hay Producer with Potash with Potash with Potash 8. C, Phosphate Phosphate Phosphate Phosphate . Phosphate . Phosphate . of Potash Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Muriate Kainit Sulphate of Potash. Nitrate of Soda The Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Co., Norfolk, Va.— Pure Ground Bone Total H. G. Tennessee Acid Phosphate... High Grade Acid Phosphate Catawba Wheat Grower Carolina Wheat Mixture Virginia Grain Mixture Bone and Potash Martin County Special Top Grower. Crop Grower Snowflake Cotton Grower Tobacco Grower X. L. O. Cotton Guano Tobacco Guano Yellow Bark Sweet Potato Guano.. F. and B. Cotton Guano Bright Tobacco Guano Tennessee Tobacco Guano Peanut Guano Cotton Grower Peanut and Corn Guano Champion Guano Cisco Soluble Guano Standard Premium Guano S.OO 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 2.0€ 1.00 8.00 2.0€ 2.00 7.00 2.47 7.00 9.00 1.6.- . 3.00 .8.00 3.2C » 6.00 4.00 6.17 2.50 8.00 .82 4.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 8.00 4.00 16.00 . . . • 14.00 • . . . ■ 13.00 1 4.81 48.66 12.00 48.00 L 20.00 3.70 16.00 .... 14.00 .... 10.00 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 . . . 2.00 10.00 . . . 2.00 9.00 2.2( 3 2.00 9.00 1.6. 5 4.00 8.00 3.2< 9 4.00 8.00 3.2< J 4.00 8.00 2.4 7 3.00 8.00 2.4 7 3.00 8.00 2.4 7 3.00 8.00 2.0 8 3.00 8.00 2.0 6 3.00 8.00 1.6 5 8.00 8.00 1.6 5 4.00 8.00 1.6 5 2.00 8.00 1.6 ^ 2.00 8.00 1.6 5 2.00 8.00 1.6 5 2.00 8.00 1.6 5 2.00 The Bulletin. 137 » i Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Acid. Imperial Ammoniated Guano 8.00 Imperial Fish and Bone Grain Guano 8.00 Imperial Yadkin Wheat Grower. .• 8.00 Imperial 7-7-7 Potato Guano 7.00 Imperial High Grade Irish Potato Guano. . . . 7.00 Imperial Dawson's Cotton Grower 7.00 Imperial Roanoke Crop Grower 7.00 Imperial Bryant's Special (3.50 Imperial Asparagus Mixture 6.00 Imperial 5-6-7 Potato Guano 6.00 Imperial Williams' Special Potato Guano 6.00 Imperial Fish and Bone 6.00 Imperial Sweet Potato Guano 6.00 Imperial 10 Per Cent Guano 5.00 Imperial Ammoniated Top Dressing for Spinach 5.00 Imperial Special 7 Per Cent for Potatoes 5.00 Imperial Eastern Shore Sweet Potato Special. 5.00 Imperial Special Tobacco Guano 5.00 Imperial Laughinghouse Special Tobacco Guano 4.00 Imperial Conetoe Cotton Grower 4.00 Imperial Cubanola Tobacco Guano 4.00 Imperial Top Dresser for Cotton 2.00 Imperial Nitrate of Soda Imperial Ground Fish Scrap Imperial Animal Tankage Imperial Sulphate of Potash Imperial Muriate of Potash Imperial Genuine German Kainit Imperial Cotton Oil Co., Statesville, N. C. — Imperial 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Imperial High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00 10-4 Bone and Potash 10.00 Imperial Bone and Potash 10.00 King Cotton 8.00 Imperial Corn Grower 8.00 "Grasoil" 8.00 Imperial Cotton Grower 8.00 N. B. Josey Guano Co., Tarhoro, Isi. C— Josey's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 Josey's Bone and Potash 10.00 Josey's Prolific Cotton Grower 9.00 Josey's Truck Guano 8.00 Josey's 8-4-4 C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap Guano. S.OO Josey's Tip Top C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap To- bacco Guano 8.00 Josey's Home Builder C. S. M. and F. Guano. 8.00 Josey's Favorite C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap Guano 8.00 Josey's C. S. Meal Guano 8.00 Josey's Potato Guano 7.00 Josey's Peanut Guano 5.50 Josey's Elite Top Dresser .3.00 Nitrate of Soda Josey's Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Manure Salts Genuine German Kainit Nitrogen. Potash. 1.00 .82 5.76 4.11 2.67 2.47 2.47 4.94 4.11 4.11 3.29 1.65 8.2.3 8.2.3 5.76 3.29 3.29 3.29 3.29 2.47 8.23 15.00 8.23 5.76 2.4 2.4 1.65 1.65 2.27 4.10 3.30 2.47 2.47 2.05 1.65 5.77 1.23 7.42 15.50 7.42 4.00 4.00 4.00 7.00 S.OO 2.75 2.00 10.00 7.00 7.00 5.00 4.00 6.00 2.50 5.00 9.00 9.00 6.00 4.00 5.00 .50.00 49.00 12.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 1.50 2.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2..50 2.00 7.00 5.50 4.00 4.66 48.00 20.00 12.00 17.00 10.00 2.U0 10.00 2.00 9.00 4.00 8.00 2.40 3.00 S.OO 1.04 2.00 2.00 138 ■ The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. Jennette Bros. Co., Elisahcth City, X. C. — Jeunette's Acid Phosphate 16.00 .... .... Jennette's Acid Phosphat"^ 14.00 .... .... Jennette's Kaiuit .... .... 12.U0 A. 8. Lee cC- Sons Co., Richmond, Ta. — Thomas Basic Slag Total Lee's Cora Fertilizer Lee's Wheat Fertilizer Lee's Bone and Potash Lee's 8-3-3 Fertilizer Lee's Natural Tobacco Grower Lee's Propai'cd Agricultural Lime lAster's Ayricultural Chemical Works, Xeicark, X. J. Lister's 4l^-45 Bone Meal Total Lister's High Grade Acid Phosphate Lister's Acid Phosphate Lister's Phosphoric Acid and Potash Lister's Dissolved Phosphate and Potash Lister's Carolina Bright for Tobacco Lister's Standard Pure Bone Superphosphate of Lime Lister's Complete Manure Lister's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phos- phate Lister's Success Fertilizer Lister's 5-0-4 Fertilizer Nitrate of Soda Jolui F. McNnir, Laurinhiirff, .A^ C. — Nitrate of Soda 14.81 Muriate of Potash 48.00 Genuine German Kainit .... .... 12.00 E. H. d J. A. Mcndoxcs Co., T^ew Bern. Y. C. — Diamond Acid Phosphate Meadows' Diamond Acid Phosphate ^ieadows' Dissolved Bone and Potash Com- pound Meadows' Dissolved Bone and Potash Com- pound Thompson's Fish Mixture Meadows' Lobos Guano Meadows' Ideal Tobacco Guano Brooks' Special Tobacco Grower Parker's Special Tobacco Guano Dixon's High Grade Tobacco Guano Meadows' Gold Leaf Tobacco Guano Meadows' Roanoke Guano. Meadows' All Crop Guano Meadows' Cotton Guano Hookerton Cotton Guano Meadows' Great Cabbage Guano Meadows' Great Potato Guano Meadows' 10 Per Cent Guano Simmons' Special Guano Nitrolite Meadows' German Kainit 20.50 3.70 16.00 .... .... 16.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.05 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.00 2.00 8.00 1.05 2.00 6.00 4.11 15.00 4.00 16.00 .... 14.00 . . . . 10.00 5.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.88 7.50 8.00 4.11 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.64 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 8.00 6.00 8.23 2.50 6.00 2.47 0.00 7.43 3.00 12.00 The Bulletia^ 139 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Lexington Phosphate Co., Midicay, Ky. — Kentucky Fine Ground Rock Phosphate. .Total The Miller Fertilize^- Co., Baltimore, Aid. — Miller's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Miller's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. .' Corn and Peanut Grower Corn and Wheat Grower The Miller Fertilizer Co.'s 10 and 4 Per Cent. Clinch Trucker No. 1 Potato and Vegetable Grower Miller's Irish Potato 4 Per Cent Tobacco Standard Phosphate Tobacco King Miller's High Grade Special Tobacco Grower Potato and Vegetable Guano Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Farmers' Profit High Grade Potato Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit Special The Mapes Formula and Peruvian Guano Co., IJ/S Liberty Street, New York — Mapes Complete Manure. "A" Brand Mapes' Corn Manure Mapes' Vegetable or Complete Manure for Light Soils Mapes' Economical Potato Manure T. W. Meicborn d Co.. Kinston, V. C— H. G. Acid Phosphate Genuine German Kainit D. B. Martin Co., Richmond, Va. — Martin's Pure Ground Bone Total Martin's Raw Bone Meal Total Martin's Animal Bone Potash Compound Martin's Acid Phosphate. Martin's Acid Phosphate Martin's Acid Phosphate Martin's Pure Dissolved Animal Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Acid Phosphate Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Tobacco Special Martin's Cotton Special • Martin's Tobacco Compound 1-hos. Aoid. 2.8.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 Ifi.OO 16.00 . . . > 14.00 .... 10..50 2.25 10.50 2.25 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 2.00 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 3.71 7.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.12 15.05 7.00 50.66 48.00 12.00 4.00 6.58 3.00 2.47 2.47 4.94 3.29 2.50 6.00 0.00 8.00 12.00 22.00 2.46 21.00 3.70 .... 16.00 1.65 2.50 16.00 . . . . 14.00 .... 13.00 .... 12.00 1.65 .... 12.00 5.00 12.00 3.00 12.00 . . . . 10.00 .... 6.00 10.00 .... #.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.46 3.00 9.00 2.46 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 140 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Martin's Special Fertilizer Martin's Dissolved Organic Compound Martin's Corn and Cereal Special Martin's High Grade Guano Martin's Blood, Bone and Potasb Martin's Red Star Brand Fertilizer Special Fertilizer Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano Martin's Cotton Guano Martin's Red Star Brand Martin's Blue Ribbon Brand Fertilizer Special Fertilizer Martin's Bull Head Fertilizei' Bull Head Special Fertilizer Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano Privott's Favorite Martin's Bull Head Martin's Tobacco Special Martin's Special Fertilizer Special Fertilizer Martin's Cotton Guano Privott's Special for Potatoes and Peanuts. . . Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano ]\rai'tin's Animal Organic Compound Martin's Slaughter House Special ^^artin's Wheat Special Martin's Carolina Special for Tobacco Martin's Carolina Cotton Martin's Corn and Cereal Special Martin's Old Virginia Favorite One Eight Four Peanut Grower Martin's Special Potato Manure Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone Martin's Top Dresser Martin's Red Star Brand Fertilizer Glover's Special Martin's Gilt Edge Potato Manure Martin's Claremont Vegetable Grower Martin's 7 Per Cent Guano Martin's Animal Bone Potash Guano Martin's Early Truck and Vegetable Grower. Knowles' Special INIartin's Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit J C. Marsh d- Co.. Marshvillc, V. C— * Basic Slag Total Marietta Fertilizer Co.. Atlanta, Ga. — Bone Meal Total Marietta Extra H. G. Aciil Raw Bone Menl Total Marietta XXXX High Grade Acid Phosphate. Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 9.00 2.05 3.00 !J.00 1.00 3.00 9.00 1.00 2.00 S.75 1.65 2.00 S.OO 4.10 7.00 S.OO 4.10 5.00 8.00 3.28 6.00 8.00 3.28 6.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 S.OO 3.28 4.00 S.OO 3.28 2.00 S.OO 2.65 2.00 S.OO 2.46 S.OO 8.00 2.46 3.00 S.OO 2.46 4.00 S.OO 2.46 5.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 S.OO 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.26 3.00 S.OO 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 1.00 8.00 1.65 6.00 S.OO 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.0(1 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.03 4.00 8.00 1.03 4.00 8.00 1.00 5.00 S.OO .... 20.00 8.00 4.00 7.00 8.22 2..50 7.00 4.10 5.00 7.00 3.28 8.00 7.00 2.46 10.00 7.00 2.46 5.00 COO .5.74 5.00 G.OO 4.10 7.00 0.00 3.28 S.OO 0.00 3.28 6.00 5.00 8.22 1.5.23 2.50 .50.00 48.00 12.00 15.76 24.00 2.47 17.00 22.00 .3.70 16.00 . • . > The Bulletin. 141 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Marietta High Grade Acid Phosphate Marietta 13-4 Marietta Phosphate and Potash Marietta Wheat and Clover Grower McLean's Magic Mover Marietta Trucli Guano Marietta Ammoniated Bone Langford's Special Cooper's High Grade Guano Fish Compound Royal Seal Guano Tonawando Guano Marietta Special Guano Marietta Potash Special Dissolved Bone Potash Marietta Cotton Gi'ower Marietta Boll Producer Marietta Beef, Blood and Bone. Marietta Fertilizer, No. 844 Marietta Fertilizer, No. 836 Marietta Tobacco Special Marietta Fertilizer, No. S33 Pride of Piedmont Farmers' Choice Marietta Best for Tobacco Marietta Sweet Potato Special Marietta Special Potato Marietta Fruit and Root Special Marietta Fertilizer, No. 823 Marietta Guano Marietta Solid South Marietta Golden Grain Grower Marietta Manure Substitute Marietta Potash Mixture Tankage Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash German Kainit Marsh. Lee d- Co., Marshville, N. G. — Marsh's Acid Marsh's Acid Marsh's Special High Grade Marsh's Cotton Fertilizer Marsh's Guano for Corn The MacMurphy Co., Charleston, 8. G. — High Grade Acid Phosphate, 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate and Potash Wilcox & Gibbs Co.'s Manipulated Guano Special Cotton and Com 8.75-2-2 Special 8-4-6 Guano Special 8-4-4 Cotton Guano Avail. Phos. Acid. 14.00 13.00 12.00 12.00 3.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 S.OO 8.00 S.OO 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8,00 8.00 8.00 6.00 10.00 2.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 8.22 3..30 2.47 1.6.5 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 2.47 1.65 .82 3.30 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 3.30 '8.24 20.56 14.81 3.00 10.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 50.00 50.00 12.00 16.00 . . . • 14.00 • • • • 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 14.00 13.00 • > > • 12.00 1.00 11.00 1.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.75 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 142 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Special 8-4-4 Tobacco Guano Special 8-3-3 Cotton and Corn Special 8-3-3 Tobacco Guano Standard 8-214-1 Guano Special S-2-2 Guano Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Marlboro Fertilizer Co., Bennettsville, 8. C. — Marlboro Perfection Acid Phosphate Nitrate of Soda Marlboro High Grade Acid Phosphate Marlboro Standard Acid Phosphate Marlboro Perfection Marlboro SiJecial Fanners Mixture Marlboro High Grade Marlboro Excelsior Marlboro Complete Fertilizer Farmers Special Mixture Marlboro Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Marlboro German Kaiuit Martin cC- White Co., Norfolk, Richmond and Balti- more— Acid Phosjihate Acid Phosphate Potash and Soluble Bone Potash and Soluble Bone Potash and Soluble P.one Potash and Soluble Bone Potash and Soluble Bone H. G. Cotton and Tobacco Guano Manure Substitute Horse Shoe Brand Organic Cotton Grower Fish Guano Fruit Special Big Crop Grower Special Peanut Grower Royal Crop Gi'ower Special Peanut Grower Royal Crop Grower Blood, Bone and Potash Special 7 Per Cent Trucker Special Potato Grower Virginia Trucker Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Kainit North Carolina Cotton'Oil Co., Wilmington, N. C. — High Grade Acid Phosphate Wilmington Bone and Potash Pate's High Grade Cockrell & Williams' Cotton Grower Wilmington Mortgage Lifter Wilmington's Pride Avail. Phos. Acid Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 1.00 8.00 1.65 14.81 2.00 48.66 48.00 1G.00 - 14.80 14.00 • • • • 13.00 . < . • S.OO 3.29 4.0U 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 7.00 2.47 12.00 0.00 2.47 2.50 4.00 8.22 3.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 12.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 S.OO 8.00 S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO S.OO 8.00 8.00 S.OO 8.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 3.28 3.2S 2.46 2.46 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.03 1.03 1.00 1.00 4.10 5.74 4.10 3.38 15.23 5.00 3.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 8.00 5.00 7.00 4.00 50.00 12.00 16.00 ... * . • . • 10.00 .... 4.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 4.12 7.00 The Bulletix. 143 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Nam'^ of Brand. Wilmington's Truck Grower Bullofk's High Grade Wilmington Full Value Wilmington Fruit Grower Best Tobacco Grower John's Special Bullock's Cotton Grower Wilmington Farmer Boy Cooper's Special The Stone Company Special Clute's Cotton Grower Wilmington Leader Wilmington High Grade L. P. B. Special Lewis' Special Carter's Lifter Wilmington Standard Pate's Special Currie's Crop Grower Wilmington Tobacco Grower Wilmington Banner Clark's Special Maultsby's Cotton Grower Wilmington Cotton Grower Wilmington Special Wilmington Headlight Wilmington High Grade Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Wilmington Special Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Nortli Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Raleigh, N. C. — Raleigh Standard Guano l^^orth Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte, N. C. — Dixie Standard Majestic XortJi Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Henderson, N. C. — Henderson Tobacco Fertilizer Franklin Tobacco Fertilizer Pride of Vance Tobacco Fertilizer Uneedit Tobacco Fertilizer Two in One McKinne Mixture Brewer's Special American Pet Henderson Cotton Grower Pi-anJcIin Cotton Grower Uneedit Cotton Grower Vance Cotton Grower Kit rate Agenci'CS Co., Neio York, Baltimore, Sa- vannah, Charleston and Nor folic — Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit A' ah. ' !"OS. Nitrogen. Potash. A.C-M. 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 7.50 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.06 4.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3i00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 3.30 8.00 4.50 7.40 14.80 3.00 7.40 3.00 50.00 48.00 8.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 2.48 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.26 3.25 8.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.0<^) 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 16.00 14.00 15.66 50.66 48.00 12.00 144 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. New Bern Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Mills, Xeio Bern, N. C— Thomas Phosphate Total Bone Meal Total 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Special Corn and Peanut Grower High Grade Bone and Potash Carteret Bone and Potash Greene County Tobacco Fertilizer Oriole Tobacco Grower Harvey's Special Meal and Fish Guano Special C. S. M. Mixture Foy's High Grade Fertilizer Lenoir Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower Pitt's Prolific Golden Tobacco Guano Favorite Cotton Grower Onslow's Farmers' Reliance Guano Jones County Premium Crop Grower Craven Cotton Guano Greene County Standard Fertilizer Dunn's Standard Truck Grower Ives' Irish Potato Guano Eureka Tobacco Fertilizer Pamlico Electric Top Dresser Wooten's Special Tobacco Guano Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Ground Blood Ground Tankage Eureka Top Dresser High Grade Fish Scrap Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Norfolk Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va.— Pure Ground Bone Total Oriana 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Whitney High Grade Acid Phosphate Oriana 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Oriana Wheat Grower Shenandoah Wheat Mixture Young's Grain Grower Oriana Bone and Potash Oriana C. S. M. Special Oriana Complete Fertilizer Oriana First Step Tobacco Guano Oriana Tobacco Guano Oriana for Cotton Oriana Bright Leaf Guano. Oriana Cotton Guano Oriana Crop Grower Mayodan Valley Wheat Grower Oriana Special Mixture Oriana Truck Guano Pine Top Special Crop Grower Oriana H. G. Tobacco Guano Nitrate of Soda Mixture for Top Dressing Cotton Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 18.00 16.00 2.47 .... 16.00 14.00 .... 11.00 ■ * • * 2.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 , 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 3.30 7.00 5.00 8.25 2.50 4.00 3.30 20.62 15.67 11. .59 . 9.90 6.00 8.25 3.00 8.25 50.66 48.00 12.00 20.00 3.70 16.00 16.00 14.00 . . . • 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 3.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.20 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.00 6.00 4.11 5.00 5.00 5.76 5.00 5.00 1.65 6.00 4.00 3.29 6.00 2.00 8.23 I The Bulletin. 145 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Nitrate of Soda : GrouiKl Fisb Scrap Animal Tanlcage Sulpliate of Potash Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit. Navassa Guano Co., Wilmington, N. G. — Pure Raw Bone Total Thomas Phosphate Total Navassa 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Navassa IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Navassa Acid Phosphate Navassa Dissolved Bone Navassa Special Grain Mixture Navassa Special Wheat Mixture Navassa Wheat P>elt Special Navassa Gray Land Mixture Navassa Acid Phosphate Maxim Guano Coruna Guano Johnston County Bone and Potash Navassa Wheat and Grass Grower Navassa Wheat Mixture Navassa Dissolved Bone with Potash Navassa Fish Guano Robeson County Special Navassa Big Boll Special Navassa Manipulated Guano Osceola Guano Harvest Queen Fertilizer Navassa Complete Fertilizer Long's Wheat and Grain Guano Farmers' Mixture Navassa Universal Fertilizer Navassa Special Meal Fertilizer Coree Tobacco Guano Navassa High Grade Fertilizer Navassa Special Truck Guano Navassa Carib Guano Navassa Blood and Meal Mi.xture Navassa Big Cotton Grower Orton Guano Navassa High Grade Guano Clarendon Tobacco Guano Navassa Standard Moal Guano Navassa Cotton-seed Meal Special 3 Per Cent Guano Navassa Strawberry Top Dressing Sullivan Tobacco Special Mogul Guano Maultsby's Jleal Mixture Navassa Guano for Tobacco Ammoniated Solulile Navassa Guano Brooks' Amnioninted Guano Navassa Fruit Grower Fertilizer Harvest King Guano Clark's Special Cotton-seed Meal Guano Navassa Grain Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Acid. Potash. 15.00 8.23 .... 5.76 .... 50.00 49.00 12.00 22.50 3.7i 17.00 ■ . > 17.00 . . . 10.00 . . . 14.00 18.00 .... 12.00 5.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 6.00 32.00 4.00 12.00 . . . .... 10.00 2.47 2.00 10.00 1.05 2.00 10.00 • • > . 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.25 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.2G 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 l.(i5 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.75 1.85 4.00 8.50 2.06 1.00 8.00 3.20 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.20 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.06 4.00 8.00 2.06 , 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.06 1..50 8.00 1.65 6.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 10 146 The Bulletin, Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. I'hos. Acid. Navassa Cotton-seed Menl Guano 8.00 Navassa Cotton Fertilizer 8.00 Occoneecliee I'ob.icco Guano S.OO Is'avassa Dissolved Bone witli Potash 8.00 Navassa Lettuce Grower Fertilizer 7.00 Navassa Hoot Crop Fertilizer 7.00 Navassa Creole Guano 6.00 Navassa II. G. Top Dresser 4.00 Navassa Top Dresser 4.00 Navassa Quick Results Top Dresser 4.00 Navassa Special Top Dresser 2.00 Sulphate of Ammouia Nitrate of Soda Blood Ilijrh Grade Tankage Fish Scrap Navassa Big Stick Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit .... G. Ohcr tC- Sons Co., Baltimore, Aid. — Pure Raw Bone I^Ieal Total 21.00 Ober's High Grade Acid Phosphate 10.00 01)er's Dissolved Bone Phosphate 14.00 Oher's Standard Potash Compound 12.00 Ober's Dissolved Animal Bono 10.00 Ober's Acid Plios[iliate with Potash" 10.00 Ober's Dissolved P.one, Pliospbnte and Potash. 10.00 Ober's Special High Grade Fertilizer 0.00 Ober's Special Animoiiiated Dissolved Bone.. 9.00 Ober's Farmers' Mixture 9.00 Ober's II. G. Fertilizer 8.00 Ober's Special Comixtund for Tobacco 8.00 Ober's Special Compound for All Crops 8.00 Red Seal Special Tobacco Guano G.OO Cnojier's Puiigo Guano 8.00 Ober's Standard Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 Ober'.s Sjtecial Cotton- Comi>ound 8.00 Ober's Soluble Ammoniated Superphosphate of Linie 8.00 Ober's Stag Guano 8.00 Ober's Acid Phosphate with Potash 8.00 Ground Fish 7..'^0 Ober's Complete Fertili/or COO Ober's Special Tobacco Bed Fertilizer, 10 Per Cent 4.00 Nitrate of Soda Gronnd Blood .... Snlidiate of Potash Muriate of Potash .... Kainit .... Ocean Fisheries Co., Wilmington, N. C. — Dried Fish 5.58 The Pocomolce Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. — Pure Gronnd Bone Total 20.00 Superb Acid Pliospbnte Ki.OO Peerless Acid Phosphate 14.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 1.05 1.G5 1.G5 5.76 4.12 4.12 7.82 6.17 4.94 5.70 20.59 14.82 13.15 8.25 8.24 7.41 3.71 2.47 9.20 3.70 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 5.00 ■ • . . 4.00 2.00 2.47 3.00 1.05 2.00 .82 2.00 3.30 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 7.00 2.06 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.05 2.00 .82 4.00 .... 4.00 8.20 4.12 6.00 8.25 3.00 iry.-,o 13.00 .... 48.00 48.00 12.00 The Bulletin. 147 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Poconioke 12-5 Bone and Potash Alkali Bone Poconioke Bone and Potash Mixture 10-2 Potash Mixture Poconioke Truck Grower 5 Per Cent Seahoard Popular Trucker Coast Line Truck Guano Poconioke Top Dresser Smith Special Formula Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Sulphate of Pota.sh Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Peruvian Guano Corporation, Cliarleston. S. C. — Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Caithness-shire.... Thomas Phosphate (Basic Slag) Total Peruvian II. G. Acid Phosphate Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Marie Teresa Total H. G. Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Cliipana 11. G. Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Con- dor Peruvian Acid Phosphate H. G. Genuine Peruvian Guano Ex. S. S. Capac Total "Chincha Island" High Grade Peruvian Mix- ture Peruvian Special Tobacco Mixture "Penguin" Peruvian Compound "Albatross" Peruvian Formula H. G. Peruvian Mixture Peruvian Acid and Potash Formula Sea Island Peruvian Mixture Cuzco Peruvian Mixture Laranago Peruvian Formula Peruvian Top Dresser Total Bellestas II. G. Peruvian Mixture Cormorant II. G. Peruvian Mixture Lobos Peruvian Mixture Pignero Peruvian Compound Puno Peruvian Tobacco Formula Petrel Peruvian Mixture Alcatroz Peruvian Corn Grower Standard Peruvian Mixture Excelsior Peruvian Formula Peruvian Acid Potash Mixture Peruvian High Grade Tobacco Formula Peruvian Sulphate Mixture Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Fish Scrap Muriate of Potash Sulidiate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Acid Nitrogen. Potash. 12.00 5.00 11.00 2.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 G.OO 5.76 5.00 5.00 8.23 3.00 4.00 8.23 2.00 4.00 3.29 15.00 8.23 6.00 50.00 49.00 12.00 18.00 3.08 2.40 18.00 • • < > .... IG.OO .... .... 15.00 2.26 1.80 14.00 3.21 2.00 14.00 2.46 2.00 14.00 . • . . .... 13.00 4.9J 2.0O 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 3.00 4.00 10.00 2.40 3.00 10.00 1.G4 4.00 10.00 1.64 2.00 10.00 • ■ ■ • 2.00 9.00 2.46 3.00 9.00 1.64 6.00 9.00 1.64 2.00 8.00 6.90 3.50 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.46 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 2.00 8.00 2.46 6.00 8.00 1.64 4.00 8.00 1.64 3.00 8.00 1.64 2.00 8.00 .83 3.00 8.00 • • . > 4.00 7.00 5.00 7.00 2.00 5.76 14.80 13.10 8.20 7.00 49.00 48.00 12.00 148 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Pamlico Chemical Co., Washington, N. C. — Pamlico 10 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Pamlico Bone Phosphate Martin County Peanut Guano Pamlico Peanut Guano Dissolved P.one and Potash Pitt County Ili^h Grade Tobacco Guano Blount's Special Cotton Grower Prosperity Cotton Grower Bissett's Special Cotton Grower Amnioniated Peanut Guano United Stntes Ili^h Grade Tobacco Guano... Pamlico 8-5-10 Guano Cowell's Great Potato Grower Pandico 8-4-4 Guano Bull's Eye Tobacco Grower Early Sweet Potato Pamlico High Grade Tobacco Grower Success Guano Total Blount's Special Tobncco Grower Tobacco Growers' Friend Fountain's Special Guano Farmers' Best Guano Pamlico Bone and Fish Pamlico Cotton Guano Pamlico 7-7-7 Pamlico 7-5-8 Guano Pamlico Special Irish Potato Guano Pamlico Special Sweet Potato Guano Pamlico Favorite Potato Guano Blount's II. G. Potato Grower Faulcland IT. G. Tobacco Guano Cowell's Great Cabbage Grower 4-3-5 Guano Cereal Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda QuiclvStep Top Dresser Pandico Ground Fish Sul[)hate of Pdtash Muriate of Potash German Kainit Planters Fertilizer and Phosphate Co., Charleston, 8. C— IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Planters' ITiph Grade Acid Phosphate Excelsior H. G. Acid Phosphate Planters' Soluble Bone Planters' Bone and Potash Planters' Special Meal Planters' Grain Grower Special Mixture Planters' Acid and Potash Planters' Bone and Potnsh Planters' Blood and Fish Guano Planters' Special Mixture Planters' Special Mixture Planters' Special Cotton Fertilizer Planters' Bright Tobacco Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Acid. 16.00 14.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.70 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 1.23 2.88 2.27 2.26 2.06 8.25 4.12 4.12 4.12 3.30 3.30 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.26 2.06 1.65 1.65 5.77 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.12 2.47 8.25 2.47 7.42 20.62 14.S5 8.25 8.25 4.00 4.00 2.00 10.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 10.00 10.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 10.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.50 3.00 2.00 2.00 7.00 8.00 7.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 2.00 5.00 3.00 4.00 55.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 1.00 10.00 1.65 2.00 10.00 .82 3.00 10.00 • • * • 5.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 • • • ■ 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 The Bulletin. 149 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Special Mixture Pl.Miiters' Cottou and Corn Fertilizer Planters' H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer Planters' SoIul)Ie Guano Planters' Fertilizer Planters' Standard Fertilizer Planters' P.one and Potash Special ]Mixture Special Mixture Special ^lixture Planters' H. G. Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Planters' Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Planters' German Kainit Pearsall & Co., Wilmington, N. G. — Pearsall's 11. G. Acid Phosphate Pearsall's H. G. Aeid Phosphate , . Pearsall's P.one and Potash Pearsall's Fish and Potash Compound Davis's Special Pearsall's P.one Meal and Fish Total Pearsall's Berry Guano Pearsall's Feruside Tobacco Guano Pearsall's I'senie Guano Pearsall's Ili.trh Grade Tobacco Pearsall's F. F. F. G Olivers Cotton and Corn Currie's Cotton and Corn Guano Pearsall's Corn Guano Pearsall's Eaccle Pearsall's Potato and Truck Guano ■ Pearsall's Complete Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Ground Fish Pearsall's Top Dresser Pacific Guano Co., Charleston, 8. C. — Standard Pacific Acid Phosphate Standard Soluble Pacific Guano High Grade Pacific Fertilizer Powhatan Chemical Co., Richmond, Ya. — Pure Animal Bone Total Pure Raw Bone ^Nleal Total Ma.ffic Dissolved Bone Phosphate Hiirh Grade Acid Phosphate Powhatan Acid Phosphate. Ma.sip Corn Special Ma.sic Wheat Special Hi.sh Grade Bone and Potash Mixture Vir.ginia Dissolved Bone Magic Corn Grower Ma.gic Crop Grower Magic Bone and Potash Mixture Bone and Potash Mixture Guilford Special Tobacco Fertilizer Railing's Special Fertilizer Economic Cotton Grower Avail. I'hos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 2..50 3.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 7.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 4.00 6.18 14.83 2.50 48.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 • • • t 10.00 • • • • 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.07 4.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 3.00 7.43 14.85 8.47 3.00 7.42 3.00 12.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 25.00 2.47 22..50 3.70 16.00 .... 14.00 .... 13.00 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 t • . • 5.00 12.00 , > < . . 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 6.00 n.oo 2.47 2.00 0.00 2.26 2.0© 150 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Jolmson's Best Fertilizer Holt's Magic Fertilizer Union Magic Fertilizer North Carolina Favorite Powhatan Special Fertilizer Magic Mixture 3Iagic Wheat Grower King Trucker Toinlinson's Best Fertilizer Copeland's IMagic Fertilizer North State Special Touilinson's Favorite Fertilizer Tonilinson's Special Fertilizer Magic Fertilizer Johnson's Special Fertilizer P. C. Co.'s Hustler King Brand Fertilizer White Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer Powliatan Peanut Fertilizer ]\ragic Cotton Grower. Magic Special Fertilizer Magic Tobacco Grower Magic Peanut Special Magic Grain Special Magic Peanut Grower Magic Grain and Grass Grower Powhatan Bone and Potash Mi.xture Powliatan Trucker Copeland's Best Fertilizer Copeland's Special Fertilizer Suljihate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash High Grade German Potash Pure German Kainit Pine Level Oil Mill Co.. Pine Level N. C— Pine Level 10 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Pine Level 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. Bone and Potash Mixture Sutton's Potato Guano Xantho Tobacco Guano Oliver's Truck Grower Guano Hale's Special Fertilizer for Tobacco... Pine Level High Grade Fertilizer Cotton Grower Fertilizer for All Crops. . H. G. Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash Acid. 9.00 2.06 3.00 9.00 2.06 5.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 4.11 5.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 S.OO 3.29 8.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.88 5.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.0f> 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 l.()5 • 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 8.00 4.00 8.00 .... 4.00 7.00 4.94 5.00 7.00 2.88 7.00 0.00 3.29' 19.75 15.63 7.00 50.00 48.00 16.00 12.0fi 16.00 14.00 10.00 4.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 \8.00 1.65 2.0^1 3.00 6.03 14.88 6.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 Patapsco Guano Co.. Baltimore, Md. — Patapsco Pure Raw Bone Total 21.51 Florida Soluble Phosphate 16.00 Patapsco Pure Dissolved S. C. Phosphate 14.00 Patapsco High Grade PhcTsphate and Potash. 11.00 Baltimore Soluble Phosphate 11.00 Patapsco 10 and 4 Potash Mixture 10.00 3.70 5.00 2.00 4.or> The Bulletin. 151 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Patnpsco Soluble Pbosplinte and Potash Patapsco Guauo for Tobacco Patapsco Guano Tankage Total Patapsco Tobacco Fertilizer Patapsco Cotton and Corn Special Coon Brand Guauo Patapsco Cotton and Tobacco Special Patapsco Plant Food for Tobacco, Potatoes and Truck Choctaw Guano Patapsco Special Tobacco Mixture Unicorn Guano . Swanson's Gold Leaf Special Planters' Favorite Sea Gull Animoniated Guano Grange Mixture Patai)sco 7-7-7 Truck Guano Patapsco Trucker for Early Vegetables Money Maker Guano Ground Fish Total Patapsco Potato Guano Patapsco Top Dresser Patapsco Top Dresser Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Pocahontas Guano Co., LyncJihiirg, Va. — Fine Ground Bone Meal Total Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Carrington's S. C. Phosphate, Waukesha Brand Imperial Dissolved S. C. Phosphate Indian Special Grain and Grass Guano Wabash Wheat :Mixture Special Potash Mixture Carrington's Superior Grain Compound Pocahontas Special Tobacco Fertilizer High Grade 4 Per Cent Tobacco Compound Mohawk King Yellow Tobacco Special Standard Tobacco Guano, Old Chief Brand.. Planters' Special Indian Tobacco Grower Farmers' Favorite Apex Brand Special Truck Grower, Eagle Mount Brand. . Spot Cash Tobacco Compound Carrington's Banner Brand Guano A. A. Complete Champion Brand Cherokee Grain Special Planters Cotton Seed Oil Co., Rocky Mount, N. C. — Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate J. P. D. Si>ecial Gorham II. G Tar River Special Planters' C. S. Oil Co.'s Tobacco Guano Avail. I'll OS. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 2.00 0.2.5 2.06 2.00 0.25 2.06 2.00 0.15 7.41 0.00 2.47 3.00 0.00 2.06 5.00 0.00 .82 3.00 8.00 .3.20 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 l.(i5 2.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 7.00 3.70 6.00 6.00 8.23 G.OO 4.11 7.00 4.00 3.20 4.00 • > • ■ 7.41 3.00 .... 20.16 15.00 .... 40.00 48.00 12.00 28.00 2.47 22.00 3.71 Ki.OO 14.00 .... 12.00 .... 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 2.00 0.00 2.47 3.00 0.00 1.S5 4.00 0.00 1.65 2.00 0.00 1.65 2.00 0.00 .82 2.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 6.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 3.00 8.00 4.00 16.00 14.00 .... 8.00 3.20 5.00 8.00 3.20 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 S-OG* 152 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Planters' C. S. Oil Co.'s Cotton Guano Easle Guano Planters' Peanut Ml.xture Planters' Special Potato Guano E. L. D. Special Braswell's Special for Tobacco Planters' Top Dresser Ground Fisli Scrap Muriate of Potash Suliiliate of Potash Genuine German Kaiuit Piedmoin-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Baltimore, Md.— Piedmont Bone Meal Total PicHlniont Ki Por Cent Acid Phos])hate Piedmont 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Piedmont Special Potash Mixture Lever i UK's Potashed Pone Piedmont Farmers' Pone and Potash Pie . • 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 .82 3.00 8.40 2.47 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .... 5.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 0.00 5.76 7.00 0.00 4.94 7.00 n.oo 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 5.00 6.00 3.29 8.00 5.00 2.47 1.5.23 6.00 7.41 3.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 13.00 9.00 21.00 16.00 14.00 1.85 3.71 1.00 The Bulletin. 153 Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. V'^'*?- Acid. P. M. C. Acid Phosphate 1^00 J. W. S. Special Bone and Potash Mixture. . 12.00 J. W. S. Alkaline Bone 10.00 Skyscraper Bone and Potash Compound 10.00 Level Run Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00 Dodson's Choice 11. G. Complete Manure 9.00 Robertson High Grade Guano 9.00 J. W. S. Complete Guano 9.00 Beaver Brand Soluble Guano 9.00 Robertson's Blood and Bone Mixture 9.00 P. M. C. High Grade Soluble Guano 8.00 Wood's Winner H. G. Guano S.OO Rol)ertson's Soluble H. G. Gunno S.OO Old Kentucky High Grade Tobacco Manure. . S.OO Robertson's Special Formula for Tobacco.... S.OO Big Crojijier High Grade Guano 8.00 Robertson's X-(T Rny) Tobacco Grower 8.00 Double Dollar Soluble Guano 8.00 Ten Strike Soluble Crop Grower 8.00 M. C. Special Bone and Potash Mixture 8.00 Robertson 5 Per Cent Guano T.OO Roliertson's 5-0-7 * 5.00 .... 4.00 2.00 2.47 3.00 2.26 2.00 2.06 5.00 1.85 4.00 1.00 2.00 4.12 7.00 .S.30 4.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.00 4.00 4.00 4.12 5.00 4.12 7.00 5.77 5.00 8.25 2.00 14.85 1R.20 9.04 ■ • ■ ■ 50.00 48.00 .... 12.00 ,71 • • • • 5.00 2.47 1.00 1 .65 2.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 . . . . 2.00 3..30 5.00 2.39 5.50 3.30 5.00 2.47 5.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.26 2.00 2.26 2.00 2.06 7.75 1.65 3.00 1.65 1.00 .82 3.00 .82 2.00 4.69 10.00 154 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Royster's Supreme Tobacco Guano Royster's Best Guano Colib's High Grade for Tobacco Trucker's Deligbt .Jui)iter High Grade Guano Royster's 11. G. Special Tobacco Guano Milo Tobacco Guano Royster's Special 4-8-3 Gorliani's Special Eagle's Special Tobacco Guano Marlboro High Grade Cotton Grower Bonanza Tobacco Guano Royster's Special Sweet Potato Guano Orinoco Tobacco Guano Special Tobacco Compound Royster's Special Wlieat Fertilizer Royster's Complete Guano Farmers' Bone Fertilizer Webb's Korn King Farmers' Bone Fertilizer for Tobacco Jumbo Peanut Grower Royster's 8 and 4 Bone and Potasb Mixture. . Royster's Special Formula E Battle's Favorite Royster's Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guano... Royster's Pearly Truck Guano Royal Special Potato Guano Royal Potato Guano Royster's Special 13 Per Cent Plant Food Royster's 7 and 5 Bone and Potasb Mi.xture. . Royster's Peanut Special Arrow Potato (Juano Royster's Irish Potato Guano Yellow Bark Sweet Potato Guano Royster's Special .'j-H-.t Pas • 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 1.00 2.00 12.00 .... 5.00 12.00 .... 4.00 12.00 12.00 • • • • . > > ■ 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.88 5.00 9.00 2.47 2.25 9.00 2.47 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 2.06 3.00 9.00 2.00 3.00 9.00 1.05 3.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 9.00 .82 3.00 156 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Premium Wbeat Grower Soutbern Trucker Perfection Special Beeson's Best Fertilizer Tobacco Fertilizer Carolina Brij^bt Tobacco Fertilizer Gilt EflKe Fertilizer Gilt Kd.Lce Tobacco Fertilizer Carolina Brigbt Special Tobacco Fertilizer... Tip Top Tobacco Fertilizer Tip Top Fertilizer Carolina Bri.s;bt for Cotton Special Premium Brand for Tobacco Special Premium Brand for Plants Beeson's Favorite Fertilizer Beeson's Special Fertilizer Rex Tobacco Fertilizer Premium Cotton Fertilizer Premium Tobacco Fertilizer Premium Brand Fertilizer ITunfer & Dunn's Anuntmiatefl Fertilizer Parker &. Hunt's Special Tobacco Fertilizer. . Edsecombe Cotton Grower Premium Grain Special Premium Peanut Special Parker & Hunt's Corn Fertilizer Premium I'eauut Grower Tip Top Bone and Potasb ^lixture Winter Grain and Grass Grower Clark's Special Fornmla Special Ili.ub Grade for Truck 10 Per Cent Cabbage Guano Smitb's 7 Per Cent Special Edwards' Prolific Cotton Grower Carter's Special f'>r Tobacco Smitb's Special Fertilizer Sulpbate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Special Top Dresser IMuriate of Potasb. . . . : Suljibate of Potasb Hisb Grade German Potasb Pure German Kaiuit Red Cross Guano Co.. Lynchhurg, Ta. — Pure Raw Bone Meal Total Red Cross Bone Meal Total Red Cross II. G. Pbosjibate Red Cross Standard Pbosphate Red Cross Grain Grower Red Cross Bone and Potasb Red Cross Higb Grade for Tobacco Red Cross for Tobacco and Truck Red Cross for Brigbt Tobacco Red Cross Special for Tobacco Red Cross Tobacco Guano Red Cross Crop Grower Red Cross Grain and Grass Special Avail. Phos. Acid. 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 S.OO 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 S.OO 8.00 8.00 8.00 S.OO S.OO 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 S.OO S.OO 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 S.OO 8.00 S.OO S.OO 7.00 7.00 0.00 (i.OO n.oo 4.00 4.00 Nitrogen. Potash. .82 4.11 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.26 2.0G 2.06 2.06 1.85 1.S6 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 .82 .82 4.94 4.94 S.23 5.76 3.29 2.47 1.65 19.75 15.63 7..'^0 2.00 5.00 4.00 10.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2..50 3.00 3.00 1.50 2.25 2.25 10.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 6.00 5.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 6.00 7.00 3.00 50.00 4S.00 16.00 12.00 22.00 3.71 22.00 3.00 16.00 14.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.85 4.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.06 3.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 3.0tt The Bulletin. 157 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Rasin-Monitwental Co., Baltimore, Md. — Rasin IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Rasiu 14 Per Ceut Acid Phosphate Rasin 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Rasin Special Bone and Potash Rasin's 10-4 Bone and Potash Rasin Bone and Potash Rasin Dixie Guano Baltimore Special Mixture ) . . . . Rasin H. G. Guano Rasin's Indian Brand for Tobacco Rasin Gold Standard Rasin Complete Fertilizer Rasin Special Fertilizer Rasin's General Tobacco Grower Rasin Empire Guano Rasin's Empire Truck Fertilizer Read Phosphate Co., Charleston, S. C. — Read's II. G. Dissolved Bone Read's H. G. Acid Phosphate Read's Bone and Potash Read's Alkaline Bone Read's Manipulated Guano Read's 11. G. Cotton Guano Read's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Read's H. G. Guano Read's 11. G. Tobacco Leaf Read's II. G. Cotton Grower Read's Soluble Fish Gunno Read's Blood and Bone Fertilizer, No. 1 Read's Special Potash Mixture Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash German Kainit Reidsville Fertilizer Co.. Reidsville, N. C. — Reidsville Acid Acid and Potash Harvest King Acid and Potash Bone and Potash Bone and Potash Acid and Potash Lion Brand Fertilizer Reidsville Hustler Farmers Tobacco Fertilizer Royal Fertilizer Climax Fertilizer Broad Leaf Tobacco Guano Banner Fertilizer Champion Guano J. H. Burton's Special Bone and Potash Acid and Potash Reidsville Top Dresser Avail. IMios. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. IG.OO 14.00 13.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 ■ 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 16.00 14.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 1.65 3.00 8.00 4.12 7.00 8.00 3.30 6.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.G5 2.00 8.00 1.62 2.00 8.00 19.00 4.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 3.00 10.00 .82 4.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 • * • • 2.00 9.00 2.47 6.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.85 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.00 .... 4.00 8.00 . • . . 4.00 5.00 4.94 1.75 I 158 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufaeturer and Name of Brand. Stmft Fertilkcr WorJcs, Atlanta, Ga.. Wilmington. N. C, and Chester, S. C— Swift's Raw Boue Meal Total Swift's Ture Boue Meal Total Swift's Special Swift's Cultivator Swift's Harrow Swift's North Carolina Special Swift's Special • Swift's Atlanta Swift's Cliattahoocliee Swift's Farmers' Special Swift's Corn and Cotton Grower Swift's Eagle Swift's Planter's Special Swift's Plow Bov Swift's Atlanta Swift's Farmer's Home Swift's Field and Farm Swift's Wheat Grower Swift's Special Swift's Blood, Bone and Potash Swift's Champion Swift's Special Cotton Grower Swift's Cotton King Swift's Special Cotton Guauo Swift's Gold xMedal Swift's Farmer's Favorite Swift's Cotton Plant Swift's Special Formula Swift's Cape Fear Swift's Monarch Swift's Majestic Swift's Quick Grower Tobacco Fertilizer. . . . Swift's Strawberry Grower Swift's Piedmont Swift's Carter's Prolific Swift's Carolina Tobacco Grower Swift's Ruralist Swift's Plow Boy Swift's Special Blood Guano Swift's Braswell's Formula Swift's Pioneer Tobacco Grower Swift's Clark's Special Cotton Grower Swift's Red Steer Swift's Golden Harvest Swift's Thompson's Special Swift's Special Peanut Grower Swift's Plantation Swift's Carolina 7 Per Cent Special Trucker. . Swift's Special Irish Potato Grower Swift's Early Trucker Swift's Special Trucker Swift's Favorite Truck Guano SAvift's Special Potato Grower Swift's Special Tobacco Grower Swift's Special 10 Per Cent Blood and Boue Trucker Swift's Superior Top Dresser Swift's Fruiter Top Dresser Avail. I'lios. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 23.00 3.70 2.3.00 2.47 IG.OO • • • • 14.00 . • . . • > * • 13.00 • • • • . • . • 12.00 1.G5 2.00 12.00 ■ • • • G.OO 12.00 4.00 12.00 > > • > • • • • 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00 2.47 3.00 10.00 1.G5 2.00 10.00 .82 :5.00 10.00 .82 1.00 10.00 • ■ > • 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 • * • • 2.00 o.r.o 4.12 3.00 9.50 3.29 7.00 9.00 2.47 4.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.47 2.00 9.00 2.2G 2.00 9.00 1.05 3.00 9.00 1.G5 3.00 9.00 1.G5 1.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 4.12 2.00 S.OO 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4 00 8.00 3.29 2.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 G.OO 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 8.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.0G 2.50 8.00 1.G5 4.00 8.00 1.G5 3.00 8.00 1.G5 2.00 8.00 1.G5 2.00 8.00 .82 5.00 S.OO .82 4.00 8.00 • • > • 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 7.00 4.12 8.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 G.OO 5.76 5.00 0.00 4.94 G.OO G.OO 4.12 7.00 G.OO 3.29 G.OO 5.00 8.23 3.00 5.00 8.23 .3.00 5.00 4.94 2.50 The Bulletin. 159 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Swift's Swift's Swift's Swift's Swift's Swift's Swift's SAvift's Swift's Swift's Swift's No. 1 Ground Tanlcage Excelsior Top Dresser Everett's Special Formula.. Pure Nitrate of Soda Ground Dried Blood Special Top Dresser Nitrogen and Potash, No. 1. Nitrogen and Potash, No. 2. Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Pure German Kainit Southern Chemical Co., Inc., Roanoke, Va. — Pride of Virginia Valley Queen T~. Farmers' Joy Our Favorite Spartanburg Fertilizer Co., Spartanburg, S. C- 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acidulated Phosphate West's Potash Acid 13-3 Potash Acid Staff of Life 12-6 Nitro Blood Wheat Formula Gosnell's Plant Food N. C. Special Corn Formula 10-4 Dana's Best Melrose 10-2 Boll Bu.ster Cotton Conrpouud Grain Compound Unaka Glencoe I. X. L. Plant Food Potato Guano Sulphate Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Scotland Neck Guano Co., Scotland T^leck, N. C- Our 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Our Bone and Potash Mixture Biggs' II. G. Truck Guaiio Noah Biggs C. S. M. and P'ish Scrap Guano. State Farm C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano. Carolina C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano Farmers' C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano Our Special C. S. M. Guano Johnson's Special Potato Guano Our Best Peanut Guano K. Elite Top Dressing Noah Biggs Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Our Genuine German Kainit Aval I. I'hof Acid Nitrogen. Potash. 4.50 8.24 4.00 6.1S 2.00 4.00 3.29 3.00 • • . 14.82 13.18 7.40 4.00 7.40 3.00 6.58 4.00 50.00 49.00 12.00 8.00 2.47 8.00 8.00 1.05 10.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.0f ) 1 .05 2.00 lO.OC 14. OC 1 s .... 13.0C 3.00 13.0C 3.00 12.0C .82 3.00 12.0C • . • • 6.00 11. 5C 1 1.65 2.50 11. OC 1.23 5.00 10.50 2.46 2.00 10.50 1.65 8.00 10.50 1.65 5.00 lO.OO • • • • 4.00 lO.OO .... 4.00 10.00 ■ ■ * • 2.00 10.00 > * • • 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.88 1.05 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 S.OO l.(i5 2.00 7.00 2.46 20.65 14.81 7.00 48.00 10.00 10.00 • • • * 4.00 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 5.77 7.00 5.50 1.23 5.50 3.00 7.40 3.50 7.46 4.00 15.50 12.00 160 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. rhos. Acid. The Southern Exchange Co., Maxton, N. C. — S. E. C. Acid rbosphate 16.00 S. E. C. Acid Pliosi)bate 14.00 S. E. C. Bone and Totasb Mixture 10.00 S. E. C. Boue and Potash Mixture 10.00 Juicy Fruit Fertilizer ; 9.00 Tbe Walnut Fertilizer S.HO Melon Grower 8.00 McKimnion's Special Truck Formula 8.00 Two Fours Guano 8.00 Soutboru Exchange Co.'s Bright Tobacco For- mula 8.00 That Big Stick Guano 8.00 Bull of the Woods Fertilizer 8.00 Jack's Best Fertilizer 8.00 Correct Cotton Compound 8.00 R. M. C. Special Crop Grower 8.00 Southern Exchange Co.'s Special Tobacco Fer- tilizer 8.00 Currie Crop Lifter 8.00 Tbe Racer Guano 8.00 Tbe Coou Guano 8.00 Nitrate of Soda .... Muriate of Potash ... Genuine German Kainit ... H. T. Shaiinonhouse, Hertford, N. C. — Acid Phosphate 16.00 Full Value S.OO Southern Pride 8.00 Carolina's Choice 8.00 Square Deal 8.00 Farmers' Money Maker 8.00 Ili-b Grade 6.00 Genuine German Kainit ... Nitrogen. Potash. 4.00 2.00 1.S.5 4.00 2.06 2.50 4.11 7.00 4.11 7.00 3.29 4.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 3.00 l.n.5 - 3.00 1.0.5 3.00 ].(i.5 2.00 15.00 . • • > • • ■ • 49.00 . » . • 12.00 3.20 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.47 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 4.11 5.00 . . . . 12.00 The Southern Cotton OH Co., Charlotte District, Concord, Charlotte, Daridsoii, Shelby, Gib- son, Monroe and Wadesboro — Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s 10 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Gold Seal Acid Phosphate Silver Iving Acid Phosi)hate Confjuoror Bone and Pot.asb Magnolia Bone and Potash Uncle Sam Home Made Razem King Bee Choice Conqueror Canto Melonite Peacock Moon Landsake Red Bull All-to-Good Gloria 16.00 .... 14.00 13.00 .... 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 2.05 3.00 O.flO 1.G5 3.00 8.88 1.65 2.00 8.00 3..S0 6.00 8.00 3..30 4.00 8.00 3.29 6.00 8.00 3.20 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.06 2.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 The Bulletin. 161 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Double Two Bennett's Economy Mixture DiUidy Top Dresser Peerless Top Dresser Nitrjite of Soda Nitrate of Soda Labi Muriate of Potasb Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kuiuit Southern Cotton Oil Co., Spartanburg and Green- ville, S. C— S. C. O. Co.'s H. G. D. B Golden Fleece H. G. A. P The Boss Spartan Favorite H. G S. C. O. Co.'s No. 1024 Quick Step Acid with Potash Pahnetto Acid with Potash Pride of tlie South Spartan Hustler Palmetto Standard Sunrise High Grade Sunrise Quick Step H. G S. C. O. Co.'s No. 835. Golden Fleece H. G Standard Grain Grower S. C. O. Co.'s Acid with Potash S. C. O. Co.'s Top Dresser S. C. O. Co.'s Nitrate of Soda S. C. O. Co.'s Muriate of Potash S. C. O. Co.'s German Kaiuit Southern Cotton Oil Co., Gohlnboro, Fayetteville, Rocky Mount and Wilson — Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s 14 Per Cent Acid Phos])hate Best & Thompson's Special Cotton Grower... Goldsboro Cotton Grower Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Special for Tobacco. Goldsboro Oil Mill Special Mixture Fayetteville Oil Mill Special Mixture Wilson Oil Mill Siiecial Mixture Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Special Mixture... Rocky Mount Oil Mill Special Mixture Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Melon Grower Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Special Cotton Grower Best & Thompson's nigh Grade Goldsboro Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower... P^ayetteville Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower. . Wilson Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower Rocky Mount Oil Mill Special Cotton Grower. B. G.' Thompson's Special Cotton and Tobacco Guano Egertou's Old Reliable Avail. I'hos. Acid. 8.00 6.75 4.00 4.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 16.00 1.G5 2.47 9.07 0.17 15.00 13.20 8.99 2.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 17.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 10.00 3.29 4.00 10.00, 2.47 4.00 10.00 1.G5 4.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 9.00 1.G5 3.00 8.88 1.G5 2.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 4.10 7.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 .85 4.00 8.00 • > ■ • 4.00 4.00 G.I 8 14.82 4.00 4S.6o 12.00 4.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 9.00 2.27 2.00 8.00 3.71 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 8.00 3.00 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 11 162 The Bulletin. Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. IMios. Acid. Morning Glow 8.00 Goklshoro Oil Mill Ilisli Grnrte S.OO Fnvetteville Oil Mill Iliiih Grjule S.OO Wi'lson Oil Mill IIij,'Ii Gnule 8.00 The Southern Cotton Oil Co. High Grade 8.00 Il.-ilifax re.-uiut Grower • 8.00 Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Tenuut Grower 8.00 Goldshoro Oil Mill Standard 8.00 Favetteviile Oil Mill Standard 8.00 Wilson Oil Mill Standard 8.00 Rockv :Mount Oil Mill Standard 8.00 The Southern Cotton Oil Co. Standard 8.00 Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Truck Grower G.OO Southern Special for Tohaeco G.OO Southern Cotton Oil Co. Top Dresser 4.00 Rocky Mount Top Dresser Tidenater Guano Co., Noifnik, Ya. — Tidewater Raw Rone :\real Total 21.00 Top Rail Acid Rhospliate 30.00 Ruster Rrown Acid Phosphate 1-1.00 J. W. S. Acid Phosphate 1^.00 Tidewater Bone and Potash 10.00 Diana Rrand Rone and Potash Compound.... 10.00 Rully Roy Dissolved Rone and Potash 10.00 Diaiia Rrand Soluhle Guano 8.00 High Tide Soluhle Guano 8.00 Sho Nuf Guano High Grade Complete Manure. 8.00 Hawk Eye Soluble Guano 8.00 Soil King Special Guano 8.00 D<«ul)le Action Soluble Guano 8.00 "Good Money" Complete Guano 8.00 Tidewater Truck Guano 7.00 Tidewater 4-0-4 Guano G.OO Nitrate of Soda Blood Fish Muriate of Potash .... Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit .... Tuscarorn Fertilizer Co., Atlanta, Ga., and Wil- minpton, 2\''. C. — Bone Meal Total 24.00 Raw Bone Meal Total 22.00 Acid Phosphate 17.00 Acid Phosphate ■. 10.00 Acid Phosphate 14.00 Acid Phosphate 13.00 Tuscarora Phosjiliate and Potash 12.00 Tuscarora Acid Piiosjihate 12.00 Tuscarora Fertilizer, No. 1044 10.00 Tuscarora Fertilizer. No. 1022 10.00 Tuscarora IMiosjihate and Potash 10.00 Tuscarora Alkaline Bone 10.00 Tuscarora Acid and Potash 10.00 Tuscarora Bone and Potash 10.00 Tuscarora Chief 900 Fertilizer, No. 913 9.00 Tuscarora Trucker 8.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 2.47 3.00 2.27 2.50 2.27 2.50 2.27 2.50 2.27 2.30 1.G5 5.00 1.05 4.00 1.05 2.00 l.<'>5 2.00 1.05 2.00 1.05 2.00 1.05 2.00 4.12 7.00 2.90 6.00 8.25 4.00 7.43 4.00 3.71 5.00 4.00 .... 2.00 3.30 6.00 3.30 4.00 2.47 3.00 2.07 2.00 1.85 4.00 1.05 2.00 1.00 4.00 4.12 5.00 3.30 4.00 14.85 13.20 9.04 50.00 48.00 12.00 2.47 3.70 6.00 3.30 4.00 1.05 2.00 . . . . 6.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 1.05 3.00 .82 3.00 4.11 7.00 The Bulletin. 163 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Fertilizer, No. 844 Tuscnrora, No. 83G, for Tobacco Boon's Special Tobacco Special Cotton Special Fertilizer, No. 833 Tuscarora Blood and Bone Berry King Tuscarora Tobacco Fertilizer Tuscarora Cbampion Tuscarora Champion Tobacco Grower King Cotton Tuscarora Fruit and Potato Tuscarora Fertilizer, No. 825 Fertilizer, No. 823 Tuscarora Standard Tuscarora Standard Tobacco Grower Fertilizer. No. 81.5 Fertilizer, No. 813 Tuscarora Bone and Potash Tuscarora Bone and Potash Big Four (4) Fertilizer Manure Substitute ' Tuscarora Complete Top Dresser Tankage Nitrate of Soda Dried Blood Tuscarora Top Dresser Tuscarora Chief Top Dresser Sluriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit Union Guano Co., Winston-Salcm, N. C. — Pure Raw Animal Bone Meal Raw Animal Bone Meal Total Union 10 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Union High Grade Acid Phosphate Union Dissolved Bone Union 12-0 Bone and Potash Union 12-5 Bone and Potash Union 12-4 Bone and Potash Union 12-3 Bone and Potash Union 12 2 Boue and Potash Union 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Liberty Bell Crop Grower Union Prolific Cotton Compound Union Special Formula for Cotton Union JMule Brand Guano Grain Chemicals Union 10-0 Bone and Potash Union 10-") Bone and Potash Union 10-4 Bone and Potash Qiiakers Grain Mixture Giant Phnsphate and Potash Finch & Harris's Special Bone and Potash,.. Union Bone and Potash Union Renown Guano Utiion Perfect Cotton Grower Union Complete Cotton Mixture Avail I'hos Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 8.00 3..'?0 4.00 8.00 2.47 0.00 S.OO 2.-17 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.0C ) 2.05 4.00 8.00 2.05 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.50 8.00 2.05 2.50 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 1.05 10.00 8.00 1.05 5.00 8.00 1.05 3.00 8.00 l. • 7.40 3.00 50.00 50.00 12.00 22.n( ) 3.71 22..-( ) 2.47 lO.tK ) • • > • H.0( ) .... .... 13.0( J • ■ • • * ■ • • 12.0( J • • • • 0.00 12.0( J • • • • 5.00 12.0( J • • ■ * 4.00 12.0( 3.00 12.0( J • ■ > • 2.00 12.0( } • ■ • • . • . . ]0.n( J • • • • 1.50 10.0( ) 3.20 4.00 io.n( ) 2.47 3.00 10.0( ) l.(i5 2.00 10.0( ) 1.03 0.00 10.0( J • ■ • ■ 0.00 io.n( ) .... 5.00 10.0( J . » . • 4.00 10.0( 4.00 10.0( J .... 3.00 10.0( ") .... 3.00 lO.Ot J • • • • 2.00 0.0( ) 2.47 3.00 r).o( ) 2.20 2.00 9.0( ) 1.05 3.00 164 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Farmers' Blood and Boue Guano Dixie Cotton Grower Q. and Q. (Quality and Quantity) Guano.... Union Approved Crop Grower Union Guano for Cotton and Tobacco Union Preniiuui Guano Union Homestead Guano Victoria Ilij^li Grade Tobacco Fertilizer Union Water Fowl Guano Union Standard Tobacco Grower Union Potato Mixture Cbrislian's Special Tobacco Grower Old Honesty Guano Fisb Brand Annnoniated Guano for Tobacco.. Old Honesty Tobacco Guano Fish Brand Ammoniated Guano Union Superlative Guano Sunrise Ammoniated Guano Union S-Ti l')one and Potash Union Wheat Mixture Union Vegetable Compound Union Truck Guano Complete Mixture frr Top Dressing Special 10 Per Cent Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Union Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kaiuit United States Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. Raw Bone Meal Total Farm Bell Acid Phosj)hate Farm Bell Acid Phosphate Farm Beil Phospho. Potasso Farm Bell Potash and Acid Farm Bell 10-5 Mixture Farm Bell Special ^Mixture Farm Bell Alkaline Mixture Farm Bell Big Yield Farm Beil Buckeye Guano Farm Bell Blood, Bone and Potash Farm Bell Excelsior Gu.nio Farm Bell Majestic Guano Farm Bell Cotton Special Farm Bell Tobacco Special Farm Beil Tobacco Fertilizer Farm Bell Tomato Special Farm Bell Crop Grower Farm Bell Fruit and Potato Animal Annnoniated . •. Farm Bell Standard Guano Farm Bell Wheat. Oat and Corn Special Farm Beil Pennant Winner Farm Bell Phosphate and Potash Farm Bell Wheat and Grass Grower Farm Bell Truckers' Ideal Farm Bell Potato and Tobacco Guano Farm Bell Klimax Kompound Farm Bell 7 Per Cent Trucker Avail. I'hos. Acid Nitrogen. Potash. 9.00 1.G5 3.00 9.00 l.().j 2.00 0.00 l.C.o 1.00 8.88 1.05 2.00 8.00 3.20 6.00 8.00 3.20 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.0G 3.00 8.00 2.00 2.00 8.00 1.05 10.00 8.00 1.05 3.00 8.00 1.05 2.00 8.00 1.05 2.00 8.00 1.05 2.00 8.00 1.05 2.00 8.00 .82 4.00 8.00 .82 3.00 8.0*0 ■ ■ ■ • 5.00 8.00 • • > • 4.00 7.00' 4.12 8.00 7.00 3.29 5.00 4.00 0.18 4.00 2.00 8.24 14.83 2.50 .... 7.42 3.00 48.00 48.00 12.00 22..50 3.G9 10.00 .... 14.00 . ■ < • 12.00 5.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 . > . > 4.00 10.00 ■ • • • 2.00 9.00 2.47 4.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 4.11 7.00 8.00 3.28 7.00 8.00 3.2S 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.40 4.00 8.00 2.0(5 3.00 8.00 2.00 3.00 8.00 1.05 10.00 8.00 1.05 5.00 8.00 1.05 2.00 8.00 .82 0.00 8.00 .82 4.00 S.OO ■ • • ■ 5.00 8.00 4.00 7.00 4.11 8.00 7.00 2.47 10.00 7.00 .82 4.00 G.OO 5.75 5.00 The Bulletin. 165 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Farm Bell Trucker's Favorite. Farm Bell Top Dresser . . . Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate of Soda Sulphate of Potash Muriate of Potash Kainit Union Abattoir Co., Baltimore, Md., and Rich- mond, Va. — Red Star Acid Phosphate Red Star Acid Phosphate Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone Red Star Brand Tobacco Compound Red Star Brand Cotton Guano Red Star Early Truck and Tobacco Guano. . . Red Star Grain and Grass Special Gilt Edge Mixture Red Star Cotton and Tobacco Guano Red Star Tobacco Fertilizer Red Star Cotton Guano Red Star Standard Red Star Grain and Grass Red Star Peanut Grower Red Star Potato Manure Red Star Special Guano Red Star 7 Per Cent Guano Red Star Early Truck and Potato Guano Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash German Kainit R. L. Upshur Guano Co., Norfolk. Va.— Upshur's IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate Upshur's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Upshur's 10-4 Bone and Potash Upshur's 10-2 Bone and Potash Upshur's Cotton-seed Meal Mixture Upshur's Special 8-4 4 Upshur's 8-3-3 Cotton Guano Upshur's High Grade Tobacco Guano Upshur's O. P. (Old Plantation) Upshur's Fisli, Bone and Potash Upshur's Peanut Guano Upshur's G., G. & C. (Grain, Grass and Cot- ton ) Upshur's Premo Cotton Guano Upshur's Special Truck Guano Upshur's F. F. (Farmers' Favorite) Upshur's 5 Per Cent Guano Upshur's 6-4-4 Guano Upshur's Norfolk Special 10 Per Cent Upshur's 7 Per Cent Special Potato Guano. . . Nitrate of Soda Avail. Phos. Acid. G.OO 4.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 3.28 6.56 20.50 15.50 8.00 2.00 50.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 .... 14.00 12.00 5.00 12.00 .... 3.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 3.28 2.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 3.28 4.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.46 3.00 8.00 2.05 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 7.00 2.46 10.00 7.00 2.46 5.00 6.00 5.75 5.00 6.00 4.10 15.23 7.00 48.66 12.00 16.00 14.00 16.00 .... 10.00 . . . ■ 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 7.00 4.11 8.00 7.00 4.11 6.00 7.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 5.00 8.23 2.00 5.00 5.76 14.80 5.00 166 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit Venable Fertiliser Co., Richmond, Va. — Pure Animal Bone Total Pure Raw Bone Total Venable Best Acid Phosphate H. G. Acid Phosphate Venable's Dissolved Bone Venable's Standard Acid Phosphate Venable's Corn, V^^heat and Grass Fertilizer . . High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture Bone and Potash Mixture Venable's Carolina Favorit(> Venable's 3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer Roanoke Mixture Roanoke Meal Mixture Venable's B. B. P. Manure Venable's 5 Per Cent Trucker Venable's 4 Per Cent Trucker Venable's H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer Farmers' Union Special Tobacco Guano Ballard's Choice Fertilizer Venable's Alliance Toba-^co Manure, No. 1 . . . . Venable's Cotton Grower Venable's Roanoke Special Venable's Ideal Manure Our Union Tobacco Fertilizer Farmers' Union Special Tobacco Fertilizer . . . Venable's Meal Mixture Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manure, No. 2. . . . Our Union Special Fertilizer Planter's Bone Fertilizer Venable's Peanut Special Venable's Grain Special Venable's Wheat Grower Venable's Alliance Bone and Potash Mixture. Venable's Peanut Grower Venable's 10 Per Cent Trucker V< able's 6-6-0 Manure Nitrate of Soda Special Top Dresser Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Pure German Kainit Vance Guano Co., Henderson, 'S. C. — Best Grade Acid Phosphate Vance High Grade Acid Phosphate Vance Corn and Grain Grower Bone and Potash Compound Farmers' Union High Grade Brodie's Best B. B Fish Brand Tobacco Manure Sterling Cotton Grower Hot Stuff Vance Top Dresser The Van Iderstine Co., Long Island City, N. Y. — Van Iderstine Pure Ground Bone Total Avail. Phos. Acid. 25.00 22.50 16.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 Nitrogen. Potash. 49.00 48.00 12.00 2.47 3.70 .82 2.47 2.47 2.26 2.26 1.65 4.11 3.29 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.06 2.06 2.06 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 .82 .82 .82 8.23 4.94 15.63 7.30 1.00 4.00 2.00 6.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 5.0G 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 6.00 3.66 .50.00 48.00 12.00 16.00 . . . • . • • • 14.00 • • • • • > • • 10.00 .82 3.50 10.00 > • • < 2.00 9.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 3.00 8.23 5.00 27.00 2.00 The Bulletin. 167 4.0U 4.00 2.00 Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. Virrjinia-CaroUna Chemical Co., Richmond, Yet. — V.-C. C. Co.'s Floats Total 27.00 V.-C. G. Co.'s Concentrated Acid Phosphate.. 24.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Pure Raw Bone Total 22.50 3.71 V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Bone and Potash. 20.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 17.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Ammoniated 16.00 2.29 V.-C. C. Co.'s Climax Potash Mixture 16.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Sludge Acid Phosphate 14.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Animal Bone 13.00 2.06 V.-C. C. Co.'s 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate . . . 13.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Special High Grade Potash Mix- ture 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s H. G. Potash Mixture 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Goodman's Special Potash Mix- ture 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s 12-4 Grain Grower 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Wythe County Potash Mixture. 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Crop Grower 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Battle's Crop Grower 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Acid Phosphate 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Home Comfort Acid Phosphate. 12.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Virginia 11-5 Bone and Potash. 11.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Electric H. G. Special 10.00 3.29 V.-C. C. Co.'s Ideal Crop Grower 10.00 2.47 V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Grain Mixture 10.00 1.65 V.-C. C. Co.'s Sovereign Crop Producer 10.00 1.65 V.-C. C. Co.'s Ford's Wheat and Corn Guano. 10.00 .82 V.-C. C. Co.'s Grain Special 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Standard Bone and Potash 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Crescent Potash Mixture 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Potash Mixture 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Best H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer . . 9.00 2.47 V.-C. C. Co.'s Great Texas Cotton Grower Sol- uble Guano 9-00 2.47 V.-C. C. Co.'s .3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 2.4 1 V.-C. C. Co.'s Jeffrey's High Grade Guano 9.00 2.47 V.-C. C. Co.'s N. and R.'s Best 9.00 2.47 V.-C. C. Co.'s Southern Cotton Grower C. S. M. 9.00 2.29 V.-C. C Co.'s Powell's Special H. G. C. S. M. . 9.00 2.26 V.-C. C. Co.'s Vececo Cotton Grower C. S. M.. 9.00 2.26 V.-C. C. Co.'s Cotton Grower 9.00 2.26 V.-C. C. Co.'s Best's Special Cotton Grower. . 9.00 2.26 V.-C. C. Co.'s Prolific Cotton Grower C. S. M. 9.00 2.26 V.-C. C. Co.'s White Stem C. S. M 9.00 2.26 V.-C. C. Co.'s Standard Cotton Grower C. S. M. 9.00 2.26 V.-O. C. Co.'s Bumper Crop Grower 9.00 2.06 V.-C. C. Co.'s Soluble Guano High Grade Ani- mal Bone 9.00 1.86 V.-C. C. Co.'s Cuban Special Mixture 9.00 1.85 V.-C. C. Co.'s No. 923 9.00 1.65 V.-C. C. Co.'s Reliable Cotton Brand Fertilizer. 9.00 l.Oo V.-C. C. Co.'s North State Guano C. S. M 9.00 1.65 V.-C. C. Co.'s Grain Mixture 9.00 1.03 V.-C. C. Co.'s Tiger Brand 9.00 1.00 V.-C. C. Co.'s Bigelow's Crop Guano 9.00 .82 V.-C. C. Co.'s Burnhardt's Grain and Crop Guano 9.00 .82 6.00 5.00 .5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 2.50 6.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 7.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 168 The Bulletiis'. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. V.-C. C. Co.'s McCormick's Wheat and Grain Guano . * V.-C. C. Co.'s Myatt's Special High Grade Fer- tilizer Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Powhatan Crop Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Pelican Peruvian Guano (Peli- can Truck Grower and Top Dresser) V.-C. C. Co.'s Mv.se's Spe\ '.al V.-C. C. Co.'s Long Leaf Lohaoco Groover. . . . V.-C. C. Co.'s Fish and Meal Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Carr's Crop Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Choice V.-C' C. Co.'s John F. Groom & Bro. Fish and Meal Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Nowell & Richardsons Sppoia!. V.-C. C. Co.'s Groom's Crop Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Hiii;h Grade Tobacco Fertilizt! V.-C. C. Co.'s Excelsior H. G. Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Lion's High Grade Tobacco Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Success V.-C. C. Co.'s Groom's Special Cotton Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Menhaden Fish and Meal Mix- ture V.-C. C. Co.'s Best's H. G. Cotton and Tobacco Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Diamond C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Jumbo Peruvian Guano, Jumbo Crop Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Oldham's Special Compoiind for Tobacco. High Grade V.-C. C. Co.'s Blake's Best V.-C. C. Co.'s Royal High Grade Fertilizer... V.-C. C. Co.'s Special High Grade Tobacco Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Adams' Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Peruvian H. G. Tobacco Guano. V.-C. C. Co.'s Red Cliff H. G. Cotton Grower. V.-C. C. Co.'s Zeno Special Compound for To- bacco H. G V.-C. C. Co.'s Gold Medal H. G. Tobacco Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s 3-8-3 Tobacco Fertilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Friend Favorite Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Atlas Guano C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Admiral C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Good Luck C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Split Silk C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s 3 Per Cent Special C. S. 'SI. Guano, No. 3 V.-C. C. Co.'s Orange Grove Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Delta C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Royal Crown V.-C. C. Co.'s Superlative C. S. M. Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Blue Star C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Potato and Cabbage Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Smith's Irish Potato Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Pace's 5 Per Cent Special Po- tato Guano Avail. Phos. Acid. 9.00 Nitrogen. Potash. .82 3.00 8.50 1.65 2.00 8.50 1.65 1.50 8.00 4.12 5.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.29 5.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00^ 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.47 2.50 S.OO 2.47 2.50 8.00 2.47 2..-.0 8.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 2.26 2.50 8.00 2.26 2.50 S.OO 2.26 2.00 S.OO 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 10.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 The BuLLETiisr. 169 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. V.-C. C. Co.'s Boon's Favorite V.-C. C. Co.'s Monarch Brand. V.-C. C. Co.'s Virginia Bone Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Valley Pride V.-C. C. Co.'s Corn and Peanut Specie) 1 V.-C. C. Co.'s Winston Special for Cotton V.-C. C. Co.'s Diamond Dust C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Plant Food C. S. M V.-C. C. Co.'s Wilson's Standard C. S. M ^'.-C. C. Co.'s A.iax C. S. M. Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Favorite Fertilizer C. S. M : V.-C. C. Co.'s Monarch Wheat and Grass Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Peanut Grower ^'.-C. C. Co.'s Electric Grain and Grass Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Peerless Corn, Wheat and Grass Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s Peanut Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s The Harvester V.-C. C. Co.'s Pinnacle Grain Grower V.-C. C. Co.'s 8-5 Potash Mixture V.-C. C. Co.'s Potash Mixture for I'eanuts. . . . V.-C. C. Co.'s Jones' Grain Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Wheat Compouud V.-C. C. Co.'s Truck Crop Fertilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Konqueror H. G. Truck Fer- tilizer V.-C. C. Co.'s Pasquotank Trucker V.-C. C. Co.'s Potash Potato Producer V.-C. C. Co.'s Formula 44 for Bright Wrappers and Smokers V.-C. C. Co.'s Plant Bed and High Grade V.-C. C. Co.'s Invincible High Grade Fertilizer. V.-C. C. Co.'s Kitty Hawk Truck Fertilizer.. V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Truck Guano V.-C. C. Co.'s Money Maker for Cabbage and Potatoes V.-C. C. Co.'s 10 Per Cent Top Dresser Extra H. G V.-C. C. Co."s Dewberry Special V.-C. C. Co.'s Dewberry Special Extra H. G.. . V.-C. C. Co.'s High Grade Top Dresser V -C. C. Co."s Siilphate of Ammonia •. . . . V.-C. C. Co.'s Nif-rate of Soda V.-C. C. Co. s Blc^od V.-C. C. Co.'s Fish Scrap V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Top Dresser V.-C. C. Co.'s Muriate of Potash V.-C. C. Co.'s Sulphate of Potash V.-C. C. Co.'s Manure Salts V.-C. C. Co.'s Kainit Allison & Addison's Fulton Acid Ph(jsphate. . Allison & Addison's I. X. L. Acid Pho.sphate. . Allison & Addison's Standard Acid Phosphate. Allison & Addi-son's Rockets Acid Phosphate.. Allison <& Addison's McGavock's Special Pot- ash Mixture Allison & Addison's B. P. Potash Mixture. . . . Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 4.00 S.OO 1.65 4.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 0.00 1.05 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 7.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 8.00 .82 4.00 S.OO .82 3.00 8.00 .82 3.00 S.OO .... 5.00 8.00 4.00 S.OO 4.00 S.OO 4.00 7.00 4.12 7.00 7.00 4.12 5.00 7.00 3.29 8.00 7.00 3.29 8.00 7.00 2.55 3.20 7.00 2.26 6.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 6.00 4.12 7.00 10.00 4.00 S.24 4.00 4.00 6..59 4.00 6.56 4.00 4.00 6.17 2.. 50 20.59 14.82 13.18 8.24 7.40 3.00 48.00 48.00 20.00 12.00 14.( )0 .... 13.( )0 12.( )0 12.( :io 10.( )0 2.00 10.( X) 2.00 170 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Allison & Addison's Star Special Tobacco Ma- nure Allison & Addison's Star Bi'and Special H. G. Allison & Addison's Star Brand Guano Allison & Addison's Little Giant Grain and Grass Grower Allison & Addison's Anchor Brand Tobacco Fertilizer Allison & Addison's Star Brand Vegetable Guano Allison & Addison's A. A. Guano Allison & Addison's Anchor Brand Fertilizer. Allison & Addison's Old Hickory Guano Allison & Addison's Peanut Grower Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka Acid Phosphate Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Valley of Virginia Phosphate Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Cren- shaw Acid Phosphate Atlantic and A'irginia Fertilizer Co.'s Our Acid Phosphate Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka Bone and Potash Compound Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka Ammoniatod Bone Special for Tobacco Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Orient Complete Manure Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Vii'ginia Truckers Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eui'eka Ammoniated Bone Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Orient Special for Tobacco Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Peanut Grower Atlantic and A'irginia Fertilizer Co.'s Carolina Trucker Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s 15 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Catawba Bone Phosphate Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Acid Phos- phate Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Dayvault's Special Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Dissolved Bone Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Oliver's Per- fect Wheat Grower Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s 10-2 Bone and Potash Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s High Grade Special Tobacco Fertilizer Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Queen of the Harvest C. S. M Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s McCrary's Diamond Bone and Potash Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Groom's Special Tobacco Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 9.00 2.2G 2.00 9.00 2m 5.00 9.00 1.6.5 1 .Of» 9.00 1.00 2.U0 S.50 2.26 2.00 8.00 3.70 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 IG.OO 14.00 13.00 12.00 10.00 2.(K) 9.00 •J.06 2.00 9.00 1 r,r, 2.00 8.00 4.TJ 5.00 8.00 !.(,-, 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 7.00 5.76 7.00 1.5.00 14.00 IS.Of) 12.00 COO 12.00 .... 11.00 2.47 4.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.06 2.00 9.00 1.65 2.00 9.00 .... 3.00 S.OO 2.47 4.00 The Bulletin. 171 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Catawba Guano B. G Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Special 3 Per Cent Guano C. S. M Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated Guano B. G Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniatetl Guano C. S. M Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s The Leader B. G Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s King Cotton Grower Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade Acid Phosphate Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade Dissolved Bone Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Acid Phosphate. Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Dissolved Bone. Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Acid Phosphate with Potash Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade 3 Per Cent Soluble Guano Davie & ^Whittle's Owl Brand Special Tobacco Guano Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Truck Guano. . Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Guano for To- bacco Davie & Whittle's Vinco Guano Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Guano Davie & Whittle's Peanut Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durham Best Acid Phosphate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard High Grade Acid Phosphate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Excelsior Dissolved Bone Phosphate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blacksburg Dissolved Bone Durham Fertilizer Co.'s N. C. Farmers' Alli- ance Official Acid Phosphate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Double Bone Phos- phate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Acid Phosphate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Great Wheat and Corn Grower Durham Fei-tilizer Co.'s Diamond Wheat Mix- ture Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Wheat and Corn Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blue Ridge Wheat Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Wheat Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durham Bone and Potash Mixture Durham Fertilizer Co.'s L. & M. Special Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Guano.... Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated Fer- tilizer Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Special Plant and Truck Fertilizer Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 .2.47 2.00 8.00 2.0(3 1.50 S.OO 2.06 1.50 S.OO 1.65 2.0O 8.00 1.65 2.00 IG.OO .... 14.00 13.00 12.00 .... 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.06 3.00 9.00 8.00 2.06 4.94 2.00 5.00 8.00 8.00 S.OO 8.00 2.47 1.65 1.65 1.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 16.00 .... 14.00 14.00 .... 13.00 .... 13.00 .... 13.00 12.00 10.50 .... 1.50 10.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 2.47 1.65 2.00 2.00 2.00 9.00 1.65 1.00 8.00 4.12 3.00 172 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durliam High Grade. Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Gold Medal Brand Guano Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Yellow Leaf Tobacco Guano Durham Fertilizer Co.'s N. C. Farmers' Alli- ance Official Guano Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Pride of Durham To- bacco Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Raw Bone Superphos- phate for Tobacco Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Raw Bone Superphos- phate Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Genuine Bone and Pe- ruvian Guano Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Genuine Bone and Peruvian Tobacco Guano Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blacksburg Soluble Guauo Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Progressive Farmer Guano Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Peanut Grower Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Carr's Special Wheat Growei- Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Best Potato Manure. Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Ironside Acid Phos- phate Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg High Grade Acid I'hosphate Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Arvouia Acid Phos- phate Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Spartan Acid Phos- phate Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Alpine Mixture Lynchburg Guano Co.'s S. W. Special Bone and Potash Mixture Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Dissolved Bone and 'Potash Lynchburg Guano Co.'s lndej)endent Standard. Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Bright Belt Guano... Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Solid Gold Tobacco . . . Lynchburg Guano Co.'s New Era Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg Soluble... Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg Soluble for Tobacco Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Reliable Acid Phosphate Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Best Acid Phosphate Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Soluble Bone Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Bone and Potash NTorfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk Trucker and Tomato Grower Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Amazon High Grade Manure Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Amazon H. G. Special Tobacco Guano Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.00 3.20 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.06 .3.00 8.00 2.06 3.00 8.00 2.06 2.00 S.OO 2.06 1.50 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 8.00 8.00 1.65 1.00 2.00 4.00 8.00 7.0 12.00 .... 10.50 10.00 1.50 3.00 10.00 2.00 9.00 2.47 2.00 8.00 3.29 5.00 S.OO 3.29 4.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.47 2.00 S.OO 2.0<> 3.00 S.OO 2.06 2.00 S.OO 2.06 1.50 8.00 1.6.5 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO S.OO 1.65 1.00 2.00 4.00 16.00 . . . . 16.00 . . . . 14.00 . . . . 13.00 . . . . 13.00 • • • * 12.00 3.00 12.00 . . . . 12.00 .... . . . . 11.00 10.00 .... 5.00 0.00 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 2.00 The BiLLETix. 175 . . . . 2.00 2.(»c 5.00 2.47 2.50 2.00 3.00 1.65 2.00 1.G5 2.00 1.05 2.00 4.00 Avail. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Nitrogen. Tolash Acid. Southern Clieniical Co.'s Mammoth Wheat and Grass Grower 10.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s Sun Brand Guano. . . 9.00 Southern Chemical Co.'s George Washington Plant Bed Fertilizer for Tobacco S.OO Southern Chemical Co.'s Pilot Ammoniated Guano Special for Tobacco S.OO Southern Chemical Co.'s Electric Tobacco Guano S.OO Southern Chemical Co.'s Electric Standard Guano S-^0 Southern Chemical Co.'s Yadkin Complete Fer- tilizer S.OO Southern Chemical Co.'s Chick's Special Wheat Compound S.OO .7 G. Tinslev & Co.'s Powhatan Acid Phos- phate ...^ 14.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Dissolved S. C. Bone . .' 13.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Brand Acid Phosphate 12.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Bone and Pot- ash Mixture 10.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Powhatan Tobacco Fer- tilizer . . ." 9-00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Tobacco Fer- tilizer S.OO J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Richmond Brand Guano. S.OO J. G, TinsleV & Co.'s Peruvian H. G. Tobacco Guano . ." S.OO J G. Tinsley & Co.'s Killickinick Tobacco Mix- ture . . . : S.OO J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Appomattox Standard Tobacco Grower S.OO J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Lee Brand Guano S.OO J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Brand Guano. S.OO J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Tobacco Guano S.OO J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Peanut Grower S.OO J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Special Irish Potato Guano C.OO J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's 7 Per Cent Am- moniated Guano for Beans. Peas, Cabbage. Strawberries 6.00 J. G. Tinslev & Co.'s Tinsley's Irish Potato Guano 6.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Strawberry Grower 6.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's Top Dresser. . . 5.00 J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tinsley's 10 Per Cent Truck Guano 5.00 S W. Travers & Co.'s Champion Acid Phos- phate 16.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Travers' Dissolved Acid Phosphate 14.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Standard Dissolved S. C. Bone IS'.OO S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Dissolved Bone. 12.00 S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Bone and Pot- ash Compound 10.00 2.00 2.47 3.00 .3.29 2.47 2.50 3.00 2.47 3.00 2.06 3.00 1.65 1.65 1.65 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.65 1.00 2.00 4.00 .5.76 8.24 0.00 5.76 6.00 4.94 6.00 3.29 4.00 9.06 .... 2..50 2.00 176 The Bulletin. Name and Addiess of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. S. W. Travel's & Co.'s National Tobacco Fer- tilizer S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Truck Fer- tilizer S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Tobacco Fer- tilizer S. W. Travers & Co.'s Big Leaf Tobacco Grower S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Cottou Fer- tilizer S. W. Travers & Co.'s National Fertilizer. . . . S. W. Travers & Co.'s National Special To- bacco Fertilizer S. W. Travers & Co.s Beef, Blood and Bone Fertilizer S. W. Travers «& Co."s Peanut Grower S. W. Travers & Co.'s Traver.s' Special Wheat Compound S. W. Travers c^ Co.'s Travers" 7 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer Virginia State Fertilizer Co.s Bull Run Acid Phosphate Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Brand Acid Phosphate Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Clipper Brand Acid Phosphate Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Lurich Acid I'hosphate Virginia State Fertilizer Co."s Alps Brand Acid Phosphate Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Mountain Top Bone and Potash Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s XX Potash Mix- ture Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Number One Soluble Bone Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Highland ivhig. Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gamecock Spe- cial for Tobacco Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia State High Grade Tobacco Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Bull Dog Solu- ble Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Dunningtou's Special Formula for Tobacco Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Peerless To- bacco Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Buffalo Guano. Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Austrian To- bacco Grower Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Spe- cial Tobacco Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Battle Axe To- bacco Guano . .,. Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia State Guano Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Brand Dissolved Bone and Potash Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 8.50 1.85 2.25 8.00 3.29 3.00 S.OO 3.29 3.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 S.OO 2.o<; 2.00 8.00 1.6.J 2.00 8.00 I.G.- .00 S.OO s.oo i.cr, 1 .00 2.00 4.00 S.OO .... 4.00 (3.00 5.7f. .1.00 10.00 .... 14.00 .... 13.00 12.00 12.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 0.00 0.00 I.G.- 1.6.- 2.00 1.00 S.50 l.(J5 2.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 8.00 . 2.47 2.0fi 3.00 3.00 S.OO 2.0fi 2.00 S.OO 2.0(i 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.00 1.65 2.00 s.oo 4.00 The Bulletijn'. 177 Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Johnston's Best Baltimore Special Mixture Indian Brand for Tobacco Thomas Wakefield, Friendship, A'. C. — Pure Bone Meal Total Williams c£- Clark Fertilizer Co., Charleston, S. C. — Standard Americus Ammoniated Bone Super- phosphate Winljorne-Broicne Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. — High Grade Acid Phosphate Standard Acid Phosphate Soluble Bone and Potash r.ig Triumph Guano Farmers Select Guano King Tammany Guano Winborne's Tobacco Guano Cliampion Crop (Grower Winborue's Excelsior Guano Standard Eureka Gum'^o Climax Peanut Guano Premium Top Dresser Big Crop 7 Per Cent Guano Winborne's Top Dresser Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Genuine German Kainit T. W. Wood cG Sons, Richmond, Va.— Wood's Pure Animal Bone Meal Total Ground Basic Slag Total Standard H. G. Acid Phosphate Standard High Grade Acid Phosphate Standard Bone and Potash Mixture Standard Corn Fertilizer Standard Wheat Fertilizer Standard High Grade Truck Fertilizer Standard Market Grower Fertilizer Stand,ard Vegetable Fertilizer Standard Potato Fertilizer Standard Grain and Grass Fertilizer Standard Crop Grower Fertilizer Special 5-6-7 Guano Wood's Lawn Enricher . . . . ; Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Kainit Wessell, Duval & Co., A'. Y. and Wilmington — Nitrate of Soda Wilson Chemical Co.. Wilson, N. C. — IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Bone and Potash Alixture No. 3 Bone and Potash Alixture No. 2 Avail. Phos. Acid. Nitrogen. Potash. 20.00 9.00 S.OO 4.94 -.82 2.47 6.00 2.00 3.00 21.00 9.00 16.00 14.00 10.00 10.00 4.10 l.S" 14.85 1.00 16.00 .... 14.00 .... 10.00 . . • • 2.00 S.OO 3.30 4.00 S.OO 2.47 4.00 S.OO 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.65 2.00 S.OO .82 4.00 6.00 7.40 3.00 o.OO 5.75 5.00 .... 7.40 3.00 .... 15.00 50.00 12.00 23.00 3.60 17.00 .... 16.00 14.00 .... .... 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 1.23 1.00 9.00 1.23 1.00 8.00 4.93 6.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 ' 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 5.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 S.OO 1.03 2.00 6.00 4.10 7.00 6.00 2.47 15.63 3.00 .50.00 .... 48.00 12.00 5.00 4.00 I 178 The Bulletin. Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Boue and Potash Mixture No. 1 Cotton Special 8-4.50-8 for Tobacco S-4.50-7 for Cotton Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gold Medal Cotton Fertilizer Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gold Medal Tobacco Fertilizer Planters Formula No. 1 for Fine Tobacco. . . . Planters Formula No. 2 for Fine Tobacco. . . . Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gilt Edge Tobacco Grower East Carolina Cotton Grower East Carolina Tobacco Grower Tobacco Special Cotton States Standard Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash Genuine German Kainit The J. R. Young Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. — High Grade IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate Special Bone and Potash Compound Bone and Potash Mixture J. R. Young's 2%-9-2 Guano J. R. Young's Corn Grower J. R. Young's 4-8-4 Crop Grower J. R. Young's 3-8-3 Guano for Cotton J. R. Young's New Process 3-8-3 Guauo for Tobacco J. R. Young's New Process 2-S-2 Guano for Cotton. Coi'n and Peanuts J. R. Young's Special 2-8-2 Guano Pasquotank 5-6-7 Potato Grower J. R. Young's Special Guano for Potatoes. . . J. R. Young's Improved Fish and Bone Ma- nure .T. R. Young's 3-6-6 Special Guano for S. P .T. R. Young's New Process Guano for Truck. . .1. R. Young's 4-4-G Special for Tobacco Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash J. R. Young's German Kainit .• • • • Avail. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. Acid. 10.00 2.00 9.00 3.05 4.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.70 7.00 8.00 3.30 4.00 S.OO 3.30 4.00 8.00 2.47 10.00 S.OO 2.47 7.00 8.00 2.47 5.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.05 5.00 8.00 1.65 14.00 2.00 50.00 50.00 12.00 16.00 14.00 .... • • • • 10.00 .... 4.00 10.00 .... 2.00 9.00 2.26 2.00 9.00 .82 2.00 8.00 3.29 4.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 2.47 3.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 8.00 1.65 2.00 6.00 4.11 7.00 6.00 4.11 5.00 6.00 3.29 4.00 6.00 2.47 6.00 5.00 5.67 3.50 4.00 3.29: 14.84 6.00 49.00 48.00 12.00 LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR JULY. 1912. Pounds sold for producers, first hand 1,139,004 Pounds sold for dealers 97,274 Pounds resold for warehouses 58,192 Total 1,294.470 k 1 ' M 'ALIO >] a 0 A M 3 N ' M y vd y nvya N3a avo * V J I N V 1 0 a 'A • ^' A a V a 8 ^ :>u > ^ THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RALEIGH Vol. 33, No. 8. SUPPLEMENT, AUGUST, 1912. Whole No. 173. PROGRESS IN^ NORTH CAROLIIVA AGRICULTURE WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF FOOD AND FEED PRODUCTS SHIPPED INTO NORTH CAROLINA DURING 1911. SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. \ STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Gkaham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter Fairfield ..First District. K. W. Barnes :Lucama Second District! R. L. Wood.\rd Pamlico Third District. I. H. Kearney Franklinton Fourth District. R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District. J P. McRae ._ ..Laurinburg Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale.. Eighth District. W. J. Shdford Hickory. Ninth District. A. Cannon .Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner. ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. Pescud Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn... :. .Bulletin Clerk. B. W. KILGORE. State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. PicKEL Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood .Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. M.\cNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley. Assistant Chemist. E. L. Worthen.. Soil Investigations. *W. E. Hearn Soil Survey. \V. H. Strowd Assistant Chemist. J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist. E. W. Thornton -. Assistant Chemist. J. K. Pli;mmkr-. ..Soil Chemist. S. O. Perkins ^ i , Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch. V. - Clerk. F. S. PccKETT.. Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum. T. W. Adickes--- Assistant Curator. FR.\NKLIN SHERMAN. Jr.. _ Entomologist. Z. P. Metcalf Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN Veterinarian. B. B. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. EATON .- Dairyman. R. W. Graeber - Assistant Dairyman. A. M. Flanery. Assistant Dairyman. W. N. HUTT... .Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw^ Assistant Horticulturist. O. M. Clark Second Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray Assistant Director, Farmers' Institutes W. M. AT. T.F.N Pure Food Chemist. W. A. Smith Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Bell A^istant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLM.\N Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS .Agronomist. G. M. Garren.. - Assistant Agronomist. fE. G. MOSS Cooperative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. fE. H. M.iTHEWsoN Cooperative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work. T. F. Parker .Assistant, Boys' Corn Club Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. CoLLETT, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. *Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. fAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. Hon. W. a. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. Sir: — I beg to submit berewith a manuscript discussing, in a brief way, some of tbe different lines of progress of agriculture in ]^ortb Carolina during tbe recent past. To tbose wbo desire a full discussion of tbe agricultural development of tbe State tbis Bulletin will be pain- fully brief; but we bave only to point out tbat it would require a good- sized volume to do tbe subject justice, and tbat tbe time at our com- mand and tbe space allotted us would not permit a fuller discussion of tbe subject. We bave been able, therefore, in tbis paper to call atten- tion to only a few tbings among tbe many tbat cause Nortb Carolina to stand out prominently above many otber states. In tbe last part of tbe paper is found a brief discussion of tbe amount of food and feed products sbipped into tbe State during 1911. Most of tbe data for tbis part of tbe paper was obtained from tbe books of tbe different railway companies doing an interstate business in jSTortb Carolina. I recommend tbe publication of tbis manuscript as a supplement to tbe August bulletin of tbe Agronomy Division of tbis Department. Respectfully submitted, J. L. Burgess, Approved : Agronomist. W. A. Graham, CoTnmissioner. PROGRESS IN NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURE WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF Food and Feed Products Shipped Into North Carolina During 1911. BY J. L. BURGESS, Agronomist, AND G. M. GARREN, Assistant in Agronomt. STATUS OF THE FARMER. Forty years ago iSTorth Carolina was a good state to be "from." Now it is one of the very best states in the Union to be "in." Agriculture in those days was frequently thought of as a hardship imposed upon the unfortunates who had to "toil" the soil for a living, and was in many cases looked upon as an occupation suitable only for those who were either financially or mentally incapable of pursuing a more popular calling. But a change has come. Instead of being a drudgery and a despised menial occupation, as it once was, farming has within the last two decades been elevated to a position having the dignity of a profession, or a business, touching the intellect at every angle and taxing the mind to the utmost in grappling with the problems that daily arise on the farm for solution. Men everywhere are coming to view the business of farming in a different light. They are beginning to realize that there is no occupa- tion more honorable, more necessary to the welfare of the State, more deserving of the best efforts and energies in man, than that of tilling the soil. Indeed, it is the most noble of occupations, having been divinely instituted when man was first placed upon the earth. Emerson has pointed out that "The first farmer was the first man, and all his- toric nobility rests on the possession and use of land." THE FUNDAMENTAL CALLING. Agriculture is the foundation of all other occupations — mining, man- ufacture, commerce, etc. If we cease to plow, the miner will lay down his pick ; the factory wheels will stop ; locomotives will stand cold and lifeless upon the tracks; abandoned ships will decay in the harbors; school children will come home to stay; church bells will cease to ring; and, very soon, savages will again roam over the face of the earth. An ample food supply is essential to the highest moral, intellectual, and physical development of the human race. All wars, whether indus- trial or sanguinary, are, in their last analysis, waged over an actual or 6 The Bulletin. fancied scarcity of the necessaries of life. The mightiest factors in the world's civilization to-day, then, are the smokehouse and the granary. Good farming, therefore, is the foundation on which all real progress must he made. AGRICULTURAL ADVANTAGES IN NORTH CAROLINA. LOCATION. The fondest hopes of the farmer may be realized right here in Xorth Carolina. Forty years ago many farmers very wisely left the Old Xorth State for Missouri, Kansas, ISTebraska, Iowa, etc., and there homesteaded 160 acres of land that are now worth, in many cases, more, than $32,000. A number of these men have sons who want to farm and can give them $4,000 to $6,000 with which to purchase land and equipment. But how much land can be purchased with $4,000 at $200 an acre? Few of them Avould be content with less than 80 acres, and to purchase this, without any improvements, would require an outlay of $16,000. Add $4,000 for necessary improvements, and he will have spent $20,000 for his 80-acre farm, perhaps, before he has reaped a single harvest or realized a penny on his investment. It is plain, there- fore, that a young man of average means in the central west must be a renter if he farms at all. New England has nothing to offer the jJ^orth Carolina farmer, while farther west and northwest the climate is too cold for any but the hardiest Scandinavians or north European immigrants. In the far west prices are, again, too high and competition too acute for an eastern man of average means. Farther south the climate is too hot and ma- laria is so prevalent that the health of a man from this latitude would likely be threatened. Coming back to ISTorth Carolina, we find here all the advantages the farmer has anywhere else in the country, and the additional advantage of living in a state destined to become one of the leading manufacturing states of the Union. Capital has not been slow to accept the invitation tacitly held out by our location with reference to other states and our strategic position with reference to the future manufacturing development of the country. The 3,500,000 horse-power that but a few years ago Avere going to waste along the streams of the piedmont and mountain sections of the State are now being harnessed and utilized in the various manufacturing and other industrial enterprises. This immense power is just on the border of the cotton fields, and among the forests and the mines. Our climates and soils are capable of producing more than enough to support the largest possible mill population that will ever be needed to manipulate the electric power generated by our streams. We have ample facilities for transporting raw materials and for handling an unlimited amount of finished products. INTo one is blind to our easy access to deep water on the coast, the Panama Canal, and thence to the Orient. Capital has seen its opportunity among us and has laid the foundation for its own protection and our success. The Bulletin. MARKETS. The greatest asset of any agricultural community is a good local mar- ket. There was a time when the North Carolina farmer looked in vain for a home market, but that time has passed. There was a time when no one seemed to want anything we had to sell, but economic conditions have so changed that nothing short of a :N'ational calamity is likely to reduce the present demand for the products of the ISTorth Carolina farm. In respect to local markets, ISTorth Carolina is unexcelled and rarely equaled, by any state in the Union. We have no great metropolis like Baltimore or Washington to handle the bulk of our farm products, but Ave do have a large number of thriving cities — Asheville, Gastoma, Charlotte, Winston, Salisbury, Greensboro, Monroe, Durham, Raleigh, Wilmington, Goldsboro, New Bern, Wilson, Rocky Mount, Tarboro. Kinston, Greenville, Washington, Henderson, High Point, Elizabeth City, Fayetteville, and a number of others ranging in population from 3,000 to over 30,000 and scattered broadcast over the entire State. It would be practically impossible for a farmer to locate in North Caro- lina and not be within easy reach of some good home market. The day is fast approaching when it will be unnecessary for the North Car- olina farmer to look outside the State for a market for his staple prod- ucts. This statement can hardly be called visionary when we note the increase in number and kinds of manufactories within our borders and the large towns and consequent good markets which necessarily attend these manufacturing enterprises. New England is coming south with her mills and markets. These industries are constantly calling for more labor, and, since only white labor is wanted, a large percentage of the white farmers that were on the farm twenty years ago are now working in the mills. The former producers of farm products have been trans- formed into consumers of farm products and producers of finished mill products. In other words, the mills have collected men, women, and children from large extents of territory and thus made good local mar- kets for those of the rural population who preferred to stay on the farm. North Carolina has a population of hundreds of thousands more than Kansas, Nebraska, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, or Mississippi, and more than the states of Colorado, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Wyo- ming, Vermont, and Delaware all combined, with a very large percent- age of it in the different manufacturing towns. This should give great emphasis to the importance of our local markets for farm produce. This fact is brought out clearly in the following table : 8 The Bulletin. Table No. 1 — Shoiving Population of North Carolina as Com- pared xmth Other States — 1910. North Carolina 2,206,287 Tennessee 2,184,789 Alabama 2,138,093 Minnesota 2,075,708 Virginia 2,061,612 Mississippi 1,797,114 Kansas 1,690,949 Oklahoma -. 1,657,155 Louisiana 1,656,388 Arkansas 1,574,449 South Carolina 1,515,400 .Maryland 1,295,346 West Virginia ; ; 1.221,119 Nebraska 1.192,214 Washington 1,141,990 Connecticut 1,114,756 Colorado 799,024 Florida 752,619 xMaine 742,371 Oregon 672,765 South Dakota 583,888 North Dakota 577,056 Rhode Island 542,610 New Hampshire 411,588 Montana 376,053 Utah 373,351 Vermont 355,956 District Columbia 331,069 New Mexico .327.301 Idaho 325,594 Arizona 204,354 Delaware 202,322 Wyoming 145,965 TRAXSPORTATIOX. Railroads. !N"o state in the South has hetter transportation facilities. Five great railroad systems are rushing through the State to reach deep Avater on the Atlantic coast, and there to connect with steamers for the Panama Canal when completed. Besides these, there are over forty other short lines and feeders that ramify the State like so many hlood vessels in oiir great industrial system. Every farmer is thus put in easy reach of a good home market and is but a few hours from Charleston, Atlanta, Memphis, Chattanooga, St. Louis, Chicago, Pittsburg, Kich- mond, Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. 'Not only have we an excellent and rapidly growing system of rail- road transportation, covering the entire State like a network, but in eastern North Carolina there is a veritable labyrinth of bays, sounds, and navigable rivers on which there is at present thousands of boats, barges, and other vessels handling farm produce between our own larger eastern cities and placing much of it on the markets of the cities to the north and south of us. I The BuLLETisr, 9 Country Roads. In addition to our superb railroad and water transportation facilities, there was launched some years ago a general movement for better coun- try roads in IsTorth Carolina. That movement is still going on with daily increasing momentum. As a result, there is hardly a county in the State which has not built, or is contemplating the building, of good macadam or sand-clay roads leading from the county-seat, or principal town of the county, into the remotest agricultural districts. These main lines of good roads have secondary roads leading into them which are also graded and made good. In a word, both the railroad and dirt- road facilities in North Carolina are, in many counties, simply unsur- passed by any state in the south and hardly equaled by any state in the Union. The farmers of North Carolina have been behind this good roads movement ever since its inception, thus showing the progressive spirit which at present pervades the agricultural classes of this State, TELEPHONES. . In addition to our superb transportation facilities, rural telephones are found everywhere, thus putting the farmer in immediate communi- cation with the markets in his locality and with those of distant locali- ties at a cost ranging from 75 cents to $1 per month. EDUCATION. Education — agricultural education — lies at the foundation of good and successful farming. The ignorant man can no longer "farm if he cannot do anything else." The needs of the increasing population and the demands of refined tastes require that not only a greater acreage production, but a finer quality of product, must be put upon the market, and this can be done only by intelligent farming. Poor lands cannot make high average acre-yields and rich lands cannot produce fine quality when manipulated by unskilled hands. Regardless of the yield per acre, there is no land so poor as that of the ignorant farmer, and none so rich as that of the man who knows how to manage his soils. Gold mines and phosphate beds are but barren wastes to the man who knows nothing of what is beneath the surface, while they are rich treasures to the man of trained mind and skilled hand. Less than forty years ago "Old Red Mountain" in Alabama was given "to boot" in a horse swap. Since then the vast deposits of iron stored away in those hills have built Birmingham and rolled millions upon millions of dollars into the coffers of the ironmasters. Why did not the original ov/ner get a fortune out of this rich deposit of metal? And so it has been with the owners of many poor North Carolina farms. Hundreds of "old worn-out farms" have been sold or given "to boot," as it were, by the erstwhile owners who, failing to properly understand the local condi- tions and the possibilities of their acres, could not even support them- selves and their families. The buyers, knowing the intrinsic value and 10 The Bulletin. nature of the soils, took the farms in hand for a nominal sum and have made a fortune where the original owners made a failure. The ones with their families are, perhaps, operatives in some cotton mill, while the others, with their families, are veritable lords of the land, using the cotton-mill town as a market for their produce. The locomotive existed in the mind of the inventor long before it stood upon the track. The statue always exists in the mind of the sculptor long before it emerges from the stone. So it is with the agri- cultural artist and agricultural manufacturer. His ideal pork, beef, milch or draft animal, his maximum corn, wheat, or cotton crop exists in his mind months before they are found in the herd or in the field. The most fundamentally important things for farmers to possess, there- fore, are not good land, good stock, good tools, good markets, and relia- ble labor, but ideals. 'No castles were ever built on earth that were not first built in the air. These fundamental ideals come only by a careful and diligent study of the factors controlling the development of any chosen vocation. It means little to the farmer that farm products are high-priced, if his profits are consumed in hauling them to market. It means little to the farmer to own land capable of producing 50 bushels of corn per acre, if his store of knowledge allows him to gather but 10 bushels per acre. We must, therefore, have good roads, and good schools offering sufficient agricultural instruction. But good roads and good schools alone will not make us a great agricultural state. These are but the tools with which we work. ITothing is further from the truth than the old adage that knowledge is power. Knowledge is not power. It never has been. Power comes only as a result of an application of energy to knowledge. Every one has seen the "walking encyclopedia" who never exerts any force in his community. You have also seen the man of unbounded energy — nervous, working, watching — always in a hurry and never getting anywhere; but when you find a man or woman pos- sessed of great energy with an abundance of knowledge to direct it, you find a person who is a power in the land. There is not one volt more electro-motive force in the world to-day than there was 10,000 years ago, when it was manifested only in the thunderbolt and in the destructive shafts of lightning ; but since the in- vention of the electric motor, even the cobbler in his shop uses the light- ning as a beast of burden. The motor does not generate the power, neither does the electric current generate the power; but join them to- gether, and every wheel in the industrial world may be propelled by the force. So it is with the farmer. "When he has gained sufficient knowl- edge to give proper direction to his energy, he will be proud to show us his fields of waving grain and his herds of fat cattle. Power, then, is energized knowledge. The Worth Carolina farmer has always had the energy, and within the last ten vears he has, at a very rapid rate, been acquiring the The Bulletin. 11 knowledge. Twenty years ago the ''book farmer" was looked upon as an idealist without practical ability. But conditions have changed. Since then, not only have the farmers of North Carolina gone on record as favoring "book farming," but have built schools and colleges for agricultural instruction, and our General Assemblies have passed laws putting agriculture into every public school in the State. At present the State Department of Agriculture, the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the A. and M. College, the State University, the State high schools, and pi'actically every public school in the State are com- bining their efforts to dispel the mists from the eyes of the one man upon whose success the welfare of the whole State depends. Not only so, but there are a number of organizations among the farmers them- selves that give promise of doing more to put farming in North Caro- lina on a sound, business, and scientific basis than any other agencies that have ever existed within our borders. PRODUCTIONS. CORN. Corn grows in all parts of the State. It is our leading crop, and the yield is yearly increasing. It will be interesting to note that in 1910 the corn crop of North Carolina was more valuable than the corn crop of either Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi, Arkansas, or Louisiana, and worth considerably more than half as much as that of the states of Nebraska, Kansas, Indiana, or Ohio. Our genial climate, long growing season, and the rapidity with which the plant foods become available in the soil of the State throughout the year, all combine to make this crop one of especial importance both in point of yield and ease of production. In 1870 to 1879 the average acre-yield of corn in the State was 14.7 bushels. This average persisted until 1909, when the average acre-yield of corn was 18.4 bushels. The Division of Demonstration grew an average of over 44 bushels per acre on 4,800 acres of land in North Car- olina in 1911. The amount of corn grown in the State in 1909 was 34,063,000 bushels, and in 1910 it was nearly 57,139,000 bushels. The value of the crop in 1909 was $28,954,000. In 1910, $43,426,000, and in 1911, $40,738,000. Table No. 2—Shoiving Rank of North Carolina in Corn Production in 1911 as Compared with Other States. North Carolina (.57.139.000 bushels in 1910) 49.680,000 Virginia 47,520,000 Oklahoma 36,888,000 Louisiana .3.3,.300,000 South Carolina 32,-578,000 Maryland 24,45.5,000 West Virginin 18,170,000 Florida 9.286.000 New Mexico 2..322,000 Arizona 495,000 12 The Bulletin. WHEAT. Wheat is rapidly gaining in importance as a staple crop in ISTorth. Carolina. We have most excellent wheat lands in the State, but on account of low prices of all farm products, until comparatively recently, the wheat crop has not been pushed, cotton having largely taken its place even on the best wheat lands in the State. We can grow wheat and in large amounts. Every man recalls, as a schoolboy, to have had his especial attention called to California on account of its phenomenal yields of wheat, sometimes as high as 50 bushels to the acre having been reported. It is interesting to note that while the wheat crop of California has always been good, the average yield in that State has frequently fallen below the average yield in N'orth Carolina. There have been as large yields of wheat obtained in this as perhaps almost any state in the Union — not yields from indi- vidual acres, but from whole farms. There is a large farm in Halifax County on which there were grown last year an average of 281/^ bushels per acre on a 140-acre field. In Johnston County, a gentleman grew an average of 42 bushels per acre on a 50-acre field, with indi- vidual acres running as high as 50 bushels. In Eandolph County, a gentleman grew last year an average of 27 bushels per acre on a 40-acre field. In Davidson County, a farmer grew an average of over 30 bushels per acre on a 130-acre tract. But we need not multiply exam- ples. Suffice it to say that these yields were gotten by practice of com- mon-sense methods on lands adapted by nature or by preparation to the growth of wheat. These yields may be duplicated by any farmer who has good heavy clay loam or silt loam soil and is willing to treat it properly. The wheat crop in North Carolina in 1909 was 3,827,000 bushels- in 1910, 6,817,000 bushels; in 1911, 6,636,000 bushels. Table No. 3 — Showhif/ Rank of North Carolhia in Wheat Pro- duction in 1911 as Compared icith Other States. North Carolina G.63C.000 Texas G,oSO,000 West Virginia 2,737,000 Georgia 1,740.000 New Mexico 1 .202,000 Arlvausas 1.008,000 Soutli Carolina 940,000 Arizona 800,000 Alabama 345,000 Mississippi 108,000 COTTON. Notwithstanding we are on the northern limit of the cotton belt, a large amount of this staple crop is produced every year — indeed, we have a few counties that are unexcelled in cotton production. Last year The Bulletin. 13 it was said that Kobeson County, one of the largest in the State, pro- duced a bale of cotton to every man, woman, and child in it. The cotton crop is at present the most valuable single crop in the State, ranging in value between $50,000,000 and $60,000,000 per annum. The total cotton crop for N'orth Carolina in 1906 was 579,326 bales. Since then we have gradually increased the total yield until in 1911 we produced the maximum crop in the history of the State, amounting to 1,075,826 bales. It is true that in 1911 we had greater acreage than in any other year since 1906, but the yield per acre, which should always be the basis of calculation in comparing farm crops, was consid- erably more than any other recognized cotton-growing state in the Union. We are, therefore, not only increasing the total yield of this product, but we seem to be doing better farming than we have done in past years. Table No. 4 — Shoimno Average Ai:>'c-ijieUl of Cotton in North Car- olina in 1911 as Compared tcith Other Cotton-rjroicing States. North Carolina 315 South Carolina 280 Tennessee 257 Georgia 240 Alabama 204 Arkansas ISO Texas • • • 186 Mississippi l'<^2 Louisiana ITO Oklahoma 160 Florida 130 LIVE STOCK. The number of live stock in ^orth Carolina could be greatly in- creased to the advantage of every farmer in the State. We have not nearly as much live stock as our farms require, and the quality is very inferior to that which could be desired. IS'evertheless, within the last ten years the percentage of increase of live stock in ISTorth Carolina has been greater than that of any of the thirty-eight states shown in the following table. A glance at the table will show that the percentage of increase of live stock in North Carolina in the last ten years has been more than double that of 'New York, Iowa, Colorado, Pennsylvania, Kansas, Texas, and West Virginia, and considerably more than that of Missouri, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Illinois. In 1911, North Carolina had 312,000 milch cows and 388,000 other cattle. There were 203,000 sheep on the farms and 1,351,000 hogs. 14 The Bulletin. Table No. 5 — Shoicing Percentage Increase in Number of Live Stock in North Carolina as Compared vntli Other States — 1900-1910. North Carolina 108.1 Arkansas 97.6 South Dakota 95.2 California 89.G Florida 84.4 Tennessee 82.0 Alabama 81.7 Minnesota 81.5 Virginia 78.2 ^lissouri 7S.0 Mississippi 7G.4 Oregon 75.8 Michigan 74.3 Arizona 07.6 Wyoming ." G7.0 Delaware 65.8 Wisconsin 64.6 Montana • 64.2 Illinois 59.4 Kentucky 59.3 Indiana 58.7 Oklahoma 5S.4 Nevada 57.0 Ohio 56.7 Maryland 56.2 Louisiana 54.8 Nebraska 52.9 Maine 47.1 New York 45.8 West Virginia 41.8 Iowa 40.9 Colorado 40.5 New Jersey 39.6 Pennsylvania 38.1 Now Mexico 37.1 Utah : 34.0 Kansas 32.8 Texas 32.5 ]Massachusetts 31.3 Connecticut 29.6 Vermont 26.9 Rhode Island 26.3 District Columbia 22.0 New Hampshire 12.8 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS. In 1904 tlie State of Is"orth Carolina had 3,272 manufacturing estab- lishments, which gave employment to an average of 93,142 persons dur- ing the year and paid $25,170,000 in salaries and wages. In 1909, there were 49,931 manufacturing establishments, giving employment to 133,453 persons and paying out during the year $41,259,000 in salaries and wages. This shows the rate at which manufacturing enterprises are increasing in this State. The value of the total manufactured prod- ucts of the State in 1910 was $216,656,000, which was over $13,500,000 more than Georgia, our closest competitor in the South. The following i The Bulletin. 15 table will show at a glance how aSTorth Carolina ranks as a manufactur- ing state. While it is not the first in value of manufactured products, it is ahead of a great many others. Table No. 6 — Slwimng Rank of North Carolina in Manufaciured Products as Compared xcith Other States in 1910. North Carolina $216,656,000 Georgia 202.863,000 Nebraska 199,019.000 Tennessee 180,217.000 Maine 176,029.000 New Hampshire 164,581,000 West Virginia 161.950.000 Alabama 145.962.000 Colorado 130,044.000 South Carolina 113,2.36.000 Oregon 93,005.000 Mississippi 80,555.000 Arkansas 74,910.000 Montana 73,272,000 Florida 72,890.000 Vermont 68,310.000 Utah 61,989,000 Oklahoma 53,682,000 Delaware 52,840,000 Arizona 50,267,000 District of Columbia 25,289,000 Idaho 22.400,000 North Dakota 19,138.000 South Dakota 17,870,000 Nevada 11,887,000 New Mexico 7.898,000 Wyoming 6,249,000 No state can turn out such an enormous amount of manufactured products without taxing to the utmost its agricultural resources. Cotton and other raw material for manufacture and food supplies for men and necessary teams must be produced on the farms, or imported from other states. While the North Carolina farmer has made rapid strides in every line of agricultural development in the recent past, he is going to make even greater progress in the near future. The inducements for greater efforts are here. Our home markets are calling for more than we can produce with our present methods. With the universal introduction of the latest improved implements and the most approved methods of tillage, fertilization, etc., the present annual crop yields can be more than doubled, and there is little doubt that this will be done in the near future. But even then, it is not likely that our present farming population can nearly supply the demands made on them for food and feed products. As our crop yields increase, the demand for the additional output will likewise increase. It would seem, therefore, that a very material addition to our farming population is imperative. 16 The Bulletin. We have 22,439,129 acres of land in farms in North Carolina. Of this amount of land, only 8,813,056 acres are improved. This leaves 13,626,073 acres of unimproved land in farms. It is evident that this vast territory of nonproductive land should be brought under cultiva- tion and made to contribute its share to the maintenance of the popula- tion of the State, and to do this would require about twice our present farming population. As pointed out above, our markets are calling for more than we are producing, and, as a consequence, millions upon millions of dollars worth of food and feed products are yearly being shipped into the State from outside sources. FOOD PRODUCTS SHIPPED INTO NORTH CAROLINA DURING 1911. Two years ago the Agronomy Division was directed to ascertain, as far as possible, the amount of food products shipped into the State in 1909. The result of that investigation was an estimate submitted by various business men from all over the State. While it was an esti- mate, we feel that it was a close approximation to the facts, which showed that around $60,000,000 worth of food products were shipped into North Carolina during 1909. During the present year, the Com- missioner of Agriculture directed this Division to make another investi- gation for the same purpose, and this time we took the matter up with the different railroad companies operating interstate lines of railroad. We addressed a letter to them, asking them to furnish us with such data as might be available to show the amount of various food and feed products shipped into the State over their lines of road during 1911. We are pleased to say that every railroad except two gave us figures taken directly from their books. About these, there is absolutely no guess or estimate; we have the facts. Two companies, however, failed to give us the data, and we were forced to estimate the products shipped in over their lines. These were the Atlantic Coast Line and the Sea- board Air Line. We attempted to place the estimate below what we feel were the actual facts. This enables us to present herewith reliable data showing the amount of feed and food products shipped into the State over the different lines of railroad during 1911. The Bulletin, 17 e o ** !~ o e _s o B o O s IS o o t- o O CS ■«*< o O »^ 00 «D re oc ^" ■* «> o o o o o o o CD O O O CO o t^ t>r to 1^ I:^ Oh 1-1 1 — C — O**«*H00OO>0I^OO OOCr-J»OOOOiCCOO -rf o n re o c^i c-1 '-1 t- r- r-.OCCCO«^CiQCCOCOCO t- lO OO 00 O C>1 »o ^ .. o ~. *>! irj r-- iri Ci (O r- r^ — Ci O -^ O 30 re CO cc o o 00 -H '^J' O O) (M C-1 — i l-H CO c o r- o CO CO '-H coo^^ocicocoor^t-^ <^ ^ Oi C<1 -^ O'-'OOOO ^1 Ci o t^ t^ CO "M O 00 CO -^ CO -^ r^ c-1 ^H Oi «o to) to o o o 9 n »^ CO CO SC zjO O lO OO Ci 00 O t^ O ■*** CO CO CO c^) c; o 00 o o ^H ^^ CO O -^ -^ -:}« U5 O o to " " o" ®2 n ^ ^-n c! 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Mr©§ OS > '2 a la o c o I 02 i a 1 "3 o a .5 ;^ m cs o o ■^ o « .5 b ci -7, ° X ^ - a o cS > b .= c3 -^ H O ^ 02 < 18 The Bulletin. Southern Railway. During the year of 1911 the Southern Eailway shipped into the terri- tory traversed by its lines 2,579,714 bu. of corn, 260,806 bbls. of flour, 27,933 bbls. apples, 17,874,000 lbs. of cured meat, 154,000 lbs. of fresh pork, 6,054 lbs. dressed beef, 834 cases of canned goods, 35,160,000 lbs. of vegetables, 15,613 tons of hay, 24,614 tons of feedstuff. Norfolk and Western Railway. The Norfolk and Western Railway shipped into the territory trav- ersed by its lines 160,592 bu. of corn, 199,127 bu. of wheat, 198,384 bu. of oats, 32,958 bbls. of flour, 12,642 bbls. of apples, 169,601 lbs. of dried fruit, 906,834 lbs. cured meat, 8,590 lbs. fresh pork, 200 bbls. barreled pork, 1,275,720 lbs. dressed beef, 39,035 lbs. corned beef, 129 lbs. butter, 112,803 lbs. cheese, 16,728 cases canned goods, 2,385 gallons syrup, 700 lbs. honey, 589 lbs. vegetables, 2,630 tons hay, 8,399 tons feedstuff. East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad. This railroad shipped into the mountain section of ISTorth Carolina during 1911, 25,952,000 bu. of corn, 115 bu. of wheat, 13,576 bu. of oats, 10,446 bbls. of flour, 60 bbls. of apples, 120 lbs. dried fruit, 232,231 lbs. of cured meat, 1,847 lbs. fresh pork, 1,149 lbs. dressed beef, 830 lbs. canned beef, 160 lbs. butter, 8,373 lbs. cheese, 3,808 cases canned goods, 38 gals, syrup, 3,659 lbs. honey, 140 lbs. vegetables, 241 tons hay, 802 tons feedstuff. _ .„ 7 Txr , ^ •? Danville and western Railway. This road shipped into Rockingham County during 1911, 17,835 bu. corn, 30,104 bu. wheat, 7,161 bu. oats, 111,138 bbls. flour, 1,348 bbls. apples, 6,050 lbs. dried fruit, 133,528 lbs. cured meat, 4,600 lbs. fresh pork, 2,000 bbls. barreled pork, 3,580 lbs. corned beef, 872 lbs. butter, 157,666 lbs. cheese, 6,591 cases canned goods, 9,500 gals, syrup, 1,638 lbs. honey, 9,600 lbs. vegetables, 2,240 tons hay, 1,045 tons feedstuff. Norfolk and Southern Railway. This road shipped into eastern T^orth Carolina during 1911, 96,120 bbls. of flour, 15,550,000 lbs. cured meat, 930,000 lbs. dressed beef, 12,479 tons of hay, 44,007 tons feedstuff. Tallulah Falls Railway. This short line of railroad shipped into western North Carolina dur- ing the period under discussion, 7,643 bu. corn, 3,397 bbls. flour, 492,000 lbs. cured meat, 26 tons hay, 85 tons feedstuff. C. C. and 0. Railway. The C. C. and 0. Railway shipped into northwest North Carolina during 1911, 50,526 bu. of corn, 173 bu. wheat, 9,211 bu. oats. 12,600 The Bulletin. 19 bbls. flour, 52 bbls. apples, 182,925 lbs. cured meat, 3,606 lbs. fresb pork, 15 bbls. barreled pork, 450 lbs. dressed beef, 30,051 lbs. corned beef, 215 lbs. butter, 7,043 lbs. cheese, 14,718 cases canned goods, 1,908 lbs. honey, 9,066 tons haj, 4,939 tons feedstuff. Winston^Salem Southbound Railway. This road shipped into Winston-Salem and other points along its line, during 1911, 11,050 bu. of corn, 22 bu. of wheat, 11,600 bu. of oats, 51,484 bbls. of flour, 1,452 bbls. of apples, 18,432 lbs. dried fruit, 31,887 lbs. cured meat, 50,000 lbs. fresh pork, 10,000 lbs. dressed beef, 30,000 lbs. corned beef, 3,000 lbs. butter, 26,574 lbs. cheese, 2,978 cases canned goods, 40,854 gals, syrup, 4,000 lbs. vegetables, 20,130 tons hay, 20,520 tons feedstuff. Seaboard Air Line Railway. As was stated above, this road failed to send us records taken from their books, and we were, therefore, forced to estimate the different amounts of food- and feedstuffs shipped into the State over their lines. We brought to our aid all the factors that would likely aid us in arriv- ing at a reasonably correct conclusion, after which the following esti- mates were decided upon as certainly below the amounts actually shipped into the State over this system. It seems, therefore, that this road shipped into the State during 1911, 1,289,857 bu. of corn, 130,403 bbls. of flour, 13,967 bbls. of apples, 8,937,000 lbs. of cured meat, 77,000 lbs. of fresh pork, 3,027,000 lbs. of dressed beef, 417 cases of canned goods, 17,580,000 lbs. of vegetables, 7,807 tons of hay, 12,307 tons of feedstuff. Atlantic Coast Line Railway. As this road did not send us data taken from its books, we thought it wise to give it the same rating as the Seaboard. We, therefore, reck- oned its importations at 1,289,857 bu. corn, 130,403 bbls. of flour, 13,967 bbls. of apples, 8,937 lbs. of cured meat, 77,000 lbs. of fresh pork, 3,027,000 lbs. of dressed beef, 417 cases of canned goods, 17,580,000 lbs. of vegetables, 7,807 tons of hay, 12,307 tons of feedstuff. Totaling the whole amount, we find that there were shipped into the State over all of the roads doing an interstate business, 5,433,026 bu. of corn, 229,541 bu. of wheat, 239,932 bu. of oats, 829,755 bbls. of flour, 7i,421 bbls. of apples, 194,203 lbs. of dried fruit, 53,331,405 lbs. of cured meat, 376,643 lbs. fresh pork, 2,215 bbls. barreled pork, 14,325,319 lbs. of dressed beef, 103,496 lbs. corned beef, 4,376 lbs. butter, 312,459 lbs. cheese, 46,491 cases canned goods, 52,777 gals, of syrup, 7,895 lbs. of honey, 70,334,329 lbs. of vegetables, 780,391 tons of hay, 89,025 tons of feedstuff. The total value of these different food and feed products is as follows, using what we conceived to be wholesale prices during. 1911: 20 The Bulletin. Table No. 8. CORN @ SOc. per bushel .$ 4,-346,420.80 WHEAT @ $1 per bushel 229,541.00 OATS @ SOc. per bushel 119,960.00 FLOU R @ $6 per barrel 4,978,530.00 APPLES @ $5 per barrel 357,105.00 DRIED FRUIT @ 10c. per pound 19,420.30 CURED MEAT @ 12i^c. per pound 6,666.429.62 FRESH PORK @ lOc. per pound 37,664.30 BARRELED PORK@$25per barrel of 200 pounds . . 55.875.00 DRESSED BEEF @ 9c. per pound 1,289,278.71 CORNED BEEF @ 12y2C. per pound 12,937.00 BUTTER @ 20c. per pound 875.20 CHEESE @ 12y2C. per pound 39,057.37 CANNED GOODS @ $2.50 per case 116.257.50 SYRUP @ 40c. per gallon 21,110.80 HONEY @ 10c per pound 789.50 VEGETABLES @ 5c. per pound 3,516,716.45 HAY at .$20 per ton 15,607,820.00 FEEDSTUFFS, including Bran, Shorts, Beet Pulp, etc., @ ?25 per ton 2,225,625.00 Total values $39,640,885.55 Adding all of these different totals together, we find that the State sent away for food and feed products during the year 1911 the grand total of $39,640,885.55, which we hope some day will be kept within our borders and placed in our banks to the credit of the farming population. It will thus appear that a very material decrease in the amount of farm products shipped into the State has occurred since 1909. While the decrease is not, perhaps, as much as is indicated by the difference between the estimate of $60,000,000 of 1909 and the actual amount of $39,640,885.55 of 1911, still, we feel that, in real fact, several- millions of dollars have been retained in the pockets of the farmers that but a few years ago were placed in the western banks to the credit of the western corn, wheat, hog, and cattle raisers. THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY NnW VORK DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, RALEIGH. Vol. 33, No. 9. SEPTEMBER, 1912. Whole No. 174. TRUCK GROWING IN NORTH CAROLINA BY W. N. HUTT. S. B. SHAW and O. M. CLARK. SENT FREE TO CITIZENS OX APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6. 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. ._ ..Fairfield First District. Lucama Second District. H. C. Cabter K W.Barnes - ™., ■, t-.- ■ R L WooDARD Pamlico Third District. I H Kearney Franklinton Fourth District. R W Scott Haw River .Fifth District. A T McCallum- Red Springs .Sixth District. J P McRae Laurinburg Seventh District. WnxiAM Bledsoe Gale --. ...Eighth District. W J Shuford Hickory _. Ninth District. A Cannon .'. Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. W A GRAHAM. -- ---- Commissioner. ELIAS C\RR --- Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. Pesotd""--"-- — - - - ---^''°.'"^?,tP"- Ti C Conn -- --- - Bulletin Clerk. B W KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J.'m.Pickel _""".]!!"." - — - ...-Assistant Chemist. W. G. Hayavood - ^.—rAl—--^"^^'}'^?^^'^ G M MacNider ...Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L.'l.'brinkley..-'/.--"'.". - — - Assistant Chemist. E L. WORTHEN.... - - Soil Investigations. •WE Hearn - Soil Survey. W' H. Strowd - - .\ssist«nt Chemist. J.Q.Jackson -' - Assistant Chemist. E W. Thornton — - ............— Assistant Chemist. J.K.Pi-UMMER — - r-:-.*'°'!o^^"'-'' S.O.Perkins - Assistant Chemist. J F Hatch Clerk. F S Puckett" - Assistant to Director Test Farms. H H BRIMLEY - -- -- - - Curator of Museum. t'w.Adickes.-.'-!-"-------------- — - Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr.... - Entomologist. C T Metc\lf - - - Assistant Entomologist. S C Clapp ...As.sistant Entomologist in Field Work. W G. CHRISM AN. ".V.V."..'- - - - .Veterinarian. B B Flowe -- ..Second Assistant Veterinarian. W H. EATON.--. -: Dairyman. R W Grabber . Assistant Dairyman. A.' M. Fl.\nery-.-. Assistant Dairyman. W N HUTT Horticulturist. SB Sh^w " - - - Assistant Horticulturist. O M Cl\rk --- Second Assistant Horticulturist. T B P\RKER - -Director of Farmers' Institutes. T M GR\y - Assistant Director. W M. ALLisN"-".- - - Pure Food Chemist. W A Smith -.Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C E Beii. -■- -- Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss'o. I. TILLMAN - - Botanist. Miss S D. Allen -.-.Assistant to Botanist. J L. BURGESS Agronomist. G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist. +E G MOSS --- Cooperative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tE H Matheson Cooperative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. p' T} ' WnDSON - Farna Demonstration Work. rp' p Parker Assistant, Boys' Corn Club Work. R W Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. f" T Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. Collett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. 'Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. ■ Raleigh, JT. C, September 1, 1912. Sir: — I herewith submit a manuscript on Truck Growing in Xorth Carolina, and recommend that it be published as the regular monthly Bulletin for September, 1912. Respectfully, W. N". HUTT, State Horticulturist. Approved for publication : W. A. Gkaham, Commmissioner. TRUCK GROWING IN NORTH CAROLINA. BT W. N. HuTT, S. B. Shaw, and O. M. Clark. INTRODUCTION. Forty years ago, truck growing was in its infancy. Such vegetables as were grown commercially were produced by market gardeners living in close proximity to towns and large cities. In the South Atlantic States little attention was given this business because of the general lay-out of the farms and the staple crops under cultivation. In the neighborhood of Savannah, Ga., Charleston, S. C, Wilmington and New Bern, J^. C, and K"orfolk, Va., where water transportation was available, some of the less perishable vegetables, as cabbage and potatoes, were grown for northern markets, but the more tender sorts were planted only for the local market. To-day these conditions are almost the reverse. The growth and development of towns and cities has caused such a sharp advance in adjacent land valuations that market gardeners have had to seek" more remote fields, where they have become specialists in the production of certain truck crops. The railroads, realizing the possibilities in the development of this new phase of gardening, have extended their lines and improved transportation facilities to such an extent that it is not uncommmon to find on the northern markets, at almost any season of the year, vegetables that have been grown in the field in some southern locality. Ideal soil and climatic conditions, cheap lands; and easy access to good transportation facilities have made truck growing along the coastal plain of the South Atlantic States one of the most important branches of horticultural work. SOILS. Vegetables can be grown on almost any type of soil, if the land is well prepared and supplied with a sufficient amount of available plant food. The ideal truck soil is a mellow, well-drained loam. There is much advantage in having the land level, or nearly so, as cultivation is more easily carried on and there is less loss of fertility through leaching and surface washing during heavy rains. Suitable soil for the intensive cultivation of almost any truck crop can be found in the coastal plains from Florida to New Jersey. The light clay-loam ridges, level sandy flats, and black peaty bottoms which are all found there offer a variety of soils for the successful production of most vegetable crops. There are, however, some limited areas of fine truck- 2 6 The Bulletin. ing land in the piedmont and mountain sections where vegetables requiring cool, moist soil conditions can be grown more readily than they can farther east. Late crops of cabbage and potatoes can be grown profitably in these localities. CLIMATE. Climatic conditions play as important a part in the production of market-garden crops as any other factor. The soil may be ideal; plant food present in unlimited quantities; cultivation all that could be desired; and yet, with unfavorable climatic conditions, the truck grower will find himself laboring under a decided disadvantage. Start- ing from Florida and moving northward along the Atlantic coast, a distance of 15 miles is equivalent to a difference of one day in the time of maturity of the different crops. One hundred miles means a differ- ence of about one week. In this day of rapid development and keen competition in the trucking business, it is advisable that those who con- template the growing of these crops, for the early northern market, consider this condition, for the difference of a few days in the market- ing of a crop often means a decided variation in the profits. PREPARATION OF THE SOIL. Vegetables will yield more profitable returns from the careful prep- aration and handling of the soil than will the average farm crop. While it is true that each vegetable requires cultural treatment partic- ularly suited to its individuality, there are some requirements that apply to the growing of almost all truck crops. An ample supply of moisture and a liberal amount of readily available plant food must be present in order to promote the rapid growth necessary to make the cultivation of these crops profitable. Deep plowing, the application of plenty of humus, either in the form of stable manure or some soiling crop, and thorough tillage, will improve the physical condition and increase the amount of fertility of almost all soils. This is particularly true of clay and sandy land. Black peaty bottom-land usually contains plenty of vegetable matter. In addition to deep plowing and careful tillage, soils of this character can best be improved by drainage and the application of lime. As a rule, the more care and attention given the preparation of land for truck crops, the more easily can cultivation be carried on and the more profitable will be the yields. FERTILIZERS. Market gardeners used to consider that vegetables could not be grown successfully without the use of stable manure. While it is doubtless true that for most crops of this kind well-rotted stable manure can hardly be equaled, few growers are so situated as to be able to obtain The Bulletin. 7 all they need. As a result, artificial fertilizers, or commercial fertil- izers as they are commonly called, have been introduced, and in many instances their use has proved more advantageous than stable manure. These fertilizers are different materials which contain some form of ammonia, potash, or phosphoric acid, derived either from organic or inorganic sources. Complete fertilizers contain all three of these prin- cipal plant-food ingredients. When fertilizing material of this kind is depended upon exclusively, the use of some soiling crop or other source of vegetable matter becomes of the utmost importance in order to supply the soil with a sufficient amount of humus. The use of fertilizers alone, without the addition of plenty of vegetable matter, will soon leave the land in an impoverished, unproductive condition. As each particular crop requires a certain amount of the necessary elements of plant food, and as most soils vary considerably in their content of these elements in an available form, growers can learn from personal experience the kind and amount of fertilizing material that can best be applied for the production of their crops. ROTATION. Few people realize the amount of income that can be directly and indirectly derived from the systematic planting and cultivating of their land, particularly when devoted to the growing of truck crops. Too often the planting ceases with the first crops sown, and when these have been harvested, the fertile soil is either allowed to produce a magnificent crop of weeds, or else remains idle until the following season. The systematic rotation of farm crops has been advocated for some time, the principal end in view being an improvement of soil fer- tility. A well-planned rotation of truck crops brings about this same result, and, in addition, accomplishes two other purposes : It affords a possible increased income and, to a certain extent, it aids in the control of certain insect pests and diseases. As a rule, most insects and diseases attacking truck crops can be controlled by the application of suitable poisons and chemicals in the form of spray materials. How- ever, some of these troubles, particularly these diseases occurring in the soil, are hard to control in this way. Rotation often proves the only remedy in instances of this kind; hence the advantage of having a well-planned system of growing the different crops. Insects and diseases thriving on plants belonging to a certain family or class of plants will often find the plants of a different family entirely unsuited to their use. For instance, beets, turnips, and parsnips are seldom affected with the same troubles that prove destructive to cucumbers, cantaloupes, and watermelons, and vice versa. Here, too, a carefully planned rotation often proves an effective means of control for these various troubles. The Bulletin. ARTICHOKE. The term artichoke is applied to two distinctly different types of vegetables. The one most commonly known in this country is the Jeru- salem Artichoke (HeliarAhus tuherosus), which has a stalk like a sun- flower and bears potato-like tubers at the roots. The other artichoke (Cynarea Scolymus), which is grown extensively in Europe, but little grown here except by foreigners, has a large thistle-like stalk, bearing big, fleshy flower heads. The Jerusalem artichoke is most commonly grown for stock or chicken feed. The plant is a perennial of the most vigorous nature, that will grow almost anyAvhere without the slightest care. In fact, the plant, on account of its vigorous reproduction and rampant growth, may become a troublesome weed in lawns and gardens. Almost every old garden has its artichoke corner where these plants hold undisputed sway, producing large quantities of irregular, knotty tubers. The plant is little used for vegetable purposes except as pickles. As the Jerusalem artichoke is so enormously productive, grows with so little care, and is so much liked by stock, it is now becoming more commonly cultivated as food for hogs. The tubers are rowed out and cultivated like corn and the hogs turned in, in the fall, to do the harvesting. The French or burr artichoke is a coarse perennial plant, largely cultivated in Europe for the fleshy bracts at the base of the flower heads. Its cultivation has not become general in this country except near some large cities, where there is a demand for them at high-class cafes and by foreigners. The plants may be grown from seed, but the easiest and quickest way is to set out the suckers that come up about the bases of the old stalks. If set early on good soil, they should give mature heads the first season. In sowing seed, it takes two years to produce edible heads. The seed may be sown in rows and the resulting plants transplanted in the fall. As the leaves are long and spreading, the plants, should be 3 feet apart in rows with 5-foot middles. In the warmer parts of the State the plants will usually go through winter without injury, but are best to be mulched with straw or coarse manure in localities where there is snow. To grow large, fleshy heads, liberal applications of manure and fertilizers should be made in spring. The heads should be cut before they show the blue of the flower. The large lacy, spreading leaves make the plant handsome for ornamental garden planting. ASPARAGUS. Asparagus appearing on the market at a time of the year when few other fresh vegetables are available, has had much to do with its in- creased popularity. ISTot only is it grown and marketed in the fresh state, but the canning of asparagus has developed into a considerable industry in some localities. The Bulletin. 9 Large yields of asparagus can be made on almost any type of soil, but when grown for early market, a light sandy, fertile, well-drained loam is to be preferred. The land should be reasonably free of roots, stones, or any trash that may interfere with the growth of the stalks. Plow deeply and thoroughly prepare the soil preparatory to setting the plants. Asparagus is a perennial crop, and the more time and care given the preparation of the plant-bed the more profitable will be the yield. Preparation can best begin in the fall, following a crop that has had clean cultivation. A heavy application of well-rotted stable manure plowed in at this time will greatly improve the physical condition of the soil and will afford available plant food for the plants set the fol- lowing spring. Being a gross feeder, asparagus needs rather heavy fertilization. As it is grown for its succulent stems only, the fertilizer used should be rich in nitrogen and potash to develop strong and rapid growth. Well- rotted manure supplies a certain amount of these elements, but many successful growers use chemical fertilizers to decided advantage. From 800 to 1,200 pounds an acre of a fertilizer having Available Phosphoric Acid 7 per cent Nitrogen 5 per cent Actual Potash 9 per cent could be used to advantage under normal conditions. An application of at least 500 pounds an acre of this fertilizer should be made each year. A heavy dressing of about twenty-five tons of well-rotted stable manure can be made every third year to advantage. This can best be applied just after the cutting season is over, for at this time the crowns are forming buds from which the stalks of next season's crop develop. Chemical fertilizers can also be applied to best advantage at this time. Asparagus is usually planted in the spring, although in some sections it is done in the fall. Spring-planted roots stand transplanting better than those put out later in the year. The early rains insure against the necessity of watering the plants, which sometimes has to be done if the planting is made during a dry fall season. Plants are set as Boon as the ground is in good working condition. Formerly, the plant- ings were made in beds, but the common practice nowadays is to set the plants from 2 to 3 feet apart in rows 4 to 6 feet apart. The crowns are planted from 5 to 7 inches deep in the rows. The cultivation for asparagus is the same as that given other truck crops, except that in the early spring when the stalks are coming up the dirt is worked to them if blanched, white asparagus is wanted. As a rule, the blanched stalks are not so tender as the green ones, but as some markets prefer white asparagus, it is advisable to cater to the demands of the trade. When the cutting season is over the remaining shoots are allowed to grow and cultivation is continued the same as with other crops. When the berries on these growing bushes have become 10 The Bulletin. fully colored and the foliage becomes yellow, the bushes should be cut down, promptly collected and burned, so as to remove any lodging place for insects or diseases. By this time the growth will be sufficiently matured so that no injury will be done the roots by the removal of the tops. Varieties. — Conover's Colossal is the old standard variety of aspara- gus. The Palmetto variety, which has large, thick green shoots, is now being much planted. A French variety, the Argenteuil, has recently been introduced into this country and is being planted on account of its very large, thick, handsome stalks. BEANS. From a truck grower's standpoint, the many varieities of beans are usually divided into two groups — bush and pole beans. Of the bush varieties, those most commonly grown are the "string" or "snap" beans, the pods of which are harvested when they are about two-thirds grown. In some localities the pods are allowed to fully ripen and only the matured beans are used. The most important of the pole varieties are the large lima and small lima, or "butter" bean, as it is frequently called. Certain strains of so-called dwarf limas have been developed by different seedmen, but except for the difference in making vines, their general characteristics are almost identical with the pole varieties. Very often the blossoms of the tall or true limas are blasted by the hot, dry weather of midsummer. Climatic conditions do not seem to affect the small limas or butter beans in the same way. For this reason the large varieties will grow more successfully in the higher altitudes where weather conditions are more favorable. As a rule, string or snap beans are more cheaply grown than any other garden crop, and occupy the land but a short time. Successive plantings can be made from early spring until about the first of July. Only one planting of pole beans is usually made because of their requir- ing a longer season in which to develop. Their habit of growth, neces- sitating the use of stakes or poles, increases the cost of production. Beans grow well on almost any reasonably fertile soil, although they probably do best on a light loam. As with other truck crops, careful preparation and thorough tillage produce the best paying results. Some growers consider stable manure the best form of fertilizing material, but as this is not always available for use, the application of a well-selected, complete fertilizer will give profitable yields. Like peas, beans do not require a great amount of nitrogen, particularly where the soil contains plenty of vegetable matter ; but they do require plenty of potash and phosphoric acid to make their full development. A fertilizer having Available Phosphoric Acid 8 per cent ISTitrogen 2 per cent Actual Potash 8 per cent The Bulletin. 11 used at the rate of from 500 to 800 pounds an acre should be sufficient for the average type of soil under ordinary conditions. The fertilizer can best be distributed in the row. Two furrows should be lapped over the fertilized row, the ridge thus made rolled flat and the seeds planted on this flattened ridge. Planting may be done either by hand or with a seed drill. About one pint of bush beans will plant 100 running feet; one half -pint of pole beans, the same distance. Varieties: Beans (Snaps, wax podded soets) — Dwarf Golden Wax (a standard variety) ; Wardwell's Kidney Wax. Beans (Snaps, geeen podded sorts) — Red Valentine (standard early) ; Giant Stringless Green Pod; Improved Refugee. Beans (Limas, dwarf) — Fordhook Bush Lima; Henderson's Bush Lima. Beans (Limas, pole) — North Carolina Butter Bean. Beans (Snap, pole) — Case Knife; Horticultural; Lazy Wife; Ken- tucky Wonder. BEETS. Like all root crops where the edible portion is grown underground, beets need a deep, rich, mellow soil. In poor, shallow, cloddy land the roots are usually short and irregular in shape and size. Beets that are smooth, round, and regular will always sell better than those that are rough and ill-shaped. As rapid maturity is a consipleration in growing beets for early market, "quick" soils are necessary. Very early beets are sometimes grown in well-enriched cold frames. For best results the soil should be thoroughly pulverized, deep, and well drained. Subsoiling and tile draining will often be found bene- ficial on land that is to be planted to beets. The land should be har- rowed thoroughly before and after plowing. It is advisable to keep the soil stirred before planting in order that it may not dry out. The seeds having around them a husk that is rather impervious to water, require a considerable amount of moisture for germination. Beets are usually planted in rows 14 to 18 inches apart and the plants thinned to 6 to 8 inches apart in the row. As beets are comparatively slow in germinating, radishes are sometimes sown with the beets to come up and mark the rows. Cultivation can then be started earlier and the radishes will come off before the beets need the room. This, however, cannot always be conveniently done on a large scale. Cultivation can be given either with a wheel-hoe or by horse cultivation. The soil should be kept loose at all times, so that the fleshy roots will have no trouble in forming in the ground. It is advisable to plant beets in a rotation with crops under which stable manure is used freely, as it is better for beets to have the manure applied under previous crops. If stable manure is applied immediately before planting, it should be well rotted and thoroughly and evenly in- 12 The Bulletin. corporated with the soil. Manure applied in lumps and clods will likely produce rough, poorly shaped roots. A complete fertilizer rela- tively high in nitrogen and potash will be found to give good results. Ordinarily, 1,000 to 2,000 pounds per acre of a fertilizer, analyzing about as follows, would be recommended : Phosphoric Acid 7 per cent Nitrogen 5 per cent Potash 8 per cent This will vary somewhat Avith the amount of manure applied. The fertilizer, like tlie manure, should be uniformly mixed with the soil. An application of nitrate of soda soon after the plants are up will help materially in starting them into rapid growth. Beets are gathered in the immature stage, when the roots are tibout 2 to 2Y2 inches in diameter. The red meat varieties are most popular on the market. Varieties: Eclipse. — The roots of this variety are globular in shape. Flesh fine-grained, bright red, tender and good quality. It is early and a good cropper. Crosby's Egyptian. — Roots round and flattened at ends and good size. The flesh is deep crimson in color and fair quality. TLis is an early variety with small top. Crimson Globe, a second early sort, with globe-shaped roots of a deep red color. Long Blood. — This variety, or some strain of it, is excellent for fall and winter use. Roots are long, hence they need a deep soil. Half Long Blood. — Roots are shorter than the Long Blood. Flesh red and good quality. Good bearer, excellent for late planting. CABBAGE. • The cabbage plant requires, above all things, a cool, moist climate. It cannot stand hot or dry weather or too much strong sunlight. For this reason, the method used in growing cabbage will depend considera- bly on the latitude. In the North, on account of a cool summer climate, it is possible to set out cabbage plants in the spring and early summer and mature a good crop of firm heads in the fall. It is also possible to do this in the mountains of the South where the altitude guarantees a cool summer climate. In the coastal region of the South the cool weather necessary to properly mature a crop of cabbage can only be had in the winter and early spring months. In North Carolina, therefore, we grow our cabbage in the east in winter and in the western part of the State in summer. Cabbage will grow on a variety of soils, but it does best on soils containing a great deal of humus. In the eastern part of the State, to The Bulletin. 13 produce early cabbage, light, sandy soils are used that are underlaid with clay. Peat or swamp soils will produce large cabbage, but unless properly fertilized with commercial fertilizers the heads are apt to be leafy and soft. Muck soils are valuable for raising late cabbage, which grow slowly' all summer. In the eastern part of the State, where early spring cabbage alone is grown, the lighter soils are preferred because they tend to hasten the early maturity of the crop. In the eastern sections cabbage plants are set in the field in November and December. They go through the mild winter, growing slowly, and then head up rapidly in the early spring. The seed to produce the plants is sown in latter September and early October, when the weather has become cool. It takes about six weeks in ordinary weather to pro- duce plants large enough for setting in the field. Owing to vicissi- tudes of heat and drought in the fall, growers who produce their own cabbage plants make two or three plantings of seed and set out from the one that has made the best plants. The seed-bed should be made on well-drained, fertile land, but the bed should not be manured or fertilized so as to make soft, succulent plants. The seed should be sown thinly in rows 12 inches apart, crossways of the seed-bed. If the plants are too small at transplanting time, they will not make good, firm heads later. If they become too large, they make so much of their first year's growth before winter that in spring they start into their second biennial period and shoot up to seed instead of making heads. On this account many growers do not attempt to raise their own plants, but buy them at setting time from some of those places whose regularity of climate affords special facilities for the production of hardy, well-grown, stocky plants. Though the cabbage plant requires a great deal of moisture, it will not do well on wet or undrained land. For this reason, on flat lands which do not drain fast, some growers make a practice of listing up the land and setting the plants on the ridges. As a protection against injury from repeated freezing and thawing, other growers ridge up their land, running the rows east and west and set the plants low down on the north side of the ridge. As the cabbage plant is a gross feeder, it needs abundance of manure and fertilizers. As manure is always too scarce with truck growers, its deficiency should be made up by the plowing in of heavy crops of cowpeas. In addition to the manure and cowpeas, a high-grade fertil- izer should be added at the rate of one to two tons per acre, according to the richness of the land. A formula much used by cabbage growers is 7-7-7. As the cabbage crop is often attacked by fungous diseases which infest the soil, it is not wise to have cabbage following cabbage very often on the same land. As in the east the cabbage crop comes off the land early in spring, a variety of truck or farm crops can con- veniently follow it and benefit by the residual fertility left over from the cabbage crop. 3 14 The Bulletin. The varieties most commonly grown in the east are the Early Jersey Wakefield and the Charleston Wakefield. Both of these are small, oxheart-shaped, early sorts. The Charleston Wakefield, which is a selected strain of the Jersey Wakefield type, is a little larger and about ten days later than its parent. For summer growing in the mountain region, the larger, slower growing varieties such as Fotler's Brunswick, Mat Dutch, and Danish Ball Head are used. CAULIFLOWER. Cauliflower, being of the same family as cabbage, requires much the same soil and cultural conditions. But every one who has tried the growing of cauliflower knows that this plant is much more delicate than the other members of the cabbage family and requires more inten- sive care and culture to bring it to perfection. If the plants receive any severe check in their growth they will "button" instead of forming a large, well-developed head. They also cannot endure as much heat as a cabbage, and when they run into hot weather before heading, everything stops but leaf growth, and they almost invariably fail to head. For this reason, in the eastern part of the State the cauliflower crop is most successfully grown in fall, winter, and spring. As cauli- flower is more tender than cabbage, the plants do best if given some protection. They come in very nicely in lettuce frames after the fall crop of lettuce. The lettuce covers can be used to give protection from cold during spells of bad weather. The seed for a crop of cauliflower following fall lettuce should be sown not later than the first of October and the plants set in the frames about the middle of November. The lettuce will be cut out shortly after that time and the cauliflower plants will have the use of the whole frame about the time the plants get well established. The rich soil and high tillage usually given to the lettuce crop will be just the conditions necessary for making fine cauli- flowers. After the lettuce is all off, the ground should be given a thor- ough cultivating between the rows of cauliflower. The covers should be used only in cold weather and the plants allowed to get all the winter rains and sunshine possible. If given good care, the cauliflowers should be fully headed and ready for market by the latter part of March. This will leave the frames ready for an early crop of cucumbers or other spring crop. When cauliflowers are heading the leaves should be drawn together and tied over the heads to keep out the sun. If this is not done, the heads will not have that clear white, snowball look that makes them attractive in the market, and they will be of in- ferior flavor. For growing in the South, only the dwarf quick-growing varieties should be used. These are much surer to head here than the larger varieties that are grown in the North during the summer. A few of the best varieties for this locality are Dwarf Erfurt, Early Snowball, and Dry Weather. \ The Bulletin. 15 CANTALOUPES. The soil mostly used for commercial cantaloupe growing is warm, light, sandy or sandy loam soil, though good but later melons can be grown on various other types of soils, provided they are well drained and thoroughly prepared. The preparation for cantaloupes should be deep and thorough. The land should be prepared at least a few weeks before planting and care taken not to turn too much of the subsoil on top of the ground. The seed are usually drilled rather thickly in rows 5 or 6 feet apart and the plants afterwards thinned to 2 to 4 feet apart in the row. Beginning immediately after the plants are up, the soil should be stirred thor- oughly at frequent intervals, particularly if the season is dry. Culti- vation is continued until the vines interfere with further working. Sometimes cowpeas are sown at the last working, which afford shade for the melons and give a good crop of hay. As the soil chosen for commercial melon growing is usually deficient in vegetable matter, a larger amount of this constituent can be profita- bly applied than would be needed on the average soil. A compost of leaf mold and cow manure applied in the "hills" or "drills" will be found of special advantage. If "green" manure is used, it is well to incorporate it Avith the soil some time before planting. A fertilizer analyzing about Phosphoric Acid 8 per cent Nitrogen • 3 or 4 per cent Potash 8 per cent may be used to advantage. An application of 1,000 to 1,500 pounds per acre, mixed thoroughly with the soil, will usually give excellent results. It is advisable to obtain nitrogen from more than one source, such as nitrate of soda, dried blood, and cotton-seed meal. Several light applications of nitrate of soda are often used around the plants while they are growing. Varieties: Jenny Lind. — Small, round, deeply ribbed melon, flattened at the ends. The flesh is yellowish green and of good quality. Rocky Foed, a selected strain from the Netted Gem. Small, round fruit. Very productive. Flesh yellowish green, solid and of good flavor. The leading commercial variety. Emerald Gem. — Fruit small, smooth, and slightly flattened at blos- som end. Rather early. Flesh yellow, firm, and of good flavor. Excel- lent for home use. 16 The Bulletin. CARROTS. Carrots are not grown extensively for shipment, but there is usually a limited demand for this vegetable on most local markets. As a rule, two types are grown : those for spring and early summer use, and those grown as a main crop for use in the winter. The best soil for carrots is a rich loam. They will not do well on a dry, hard soil, or one that is too heavy. If the land is not naturally mellow, it should be made so by deep plowing, thorough tillage, and the addition of plenty of vegetable matter. Being a hardy plant, the early varieties of carrots may be sown as soon as the soil is in good condition in the spring. The seeds are small and germinate slowly, and unless the land has been well prepared and free from weeds, the young plants are likely to suffer. Plantings are made in drills from 18 inches to 2 feet apart, depending upon the variety and method of cultivating. Seed should be sown thickly to allow for any failure in germination. Two pounds of seed will plant an ncre. Sometimes radishes, turnips, or other quick-germinating seeds are planted with carrots in order to mark the rows and break any soil crust that may have formed. These plants are taken out when the carrots are thinned. Early varieties are thinned to 4 or 5 inches apart in the row and large late varieties to 7 or 8 inches. iNTearly all soils require generous fertilization in order to produce a paying crop of carrots. A fertilizer containing about 5 per cent nitro- gen, 6 per cent available phosphoric acid, and 9 per cent actual potash, when applied at the rate of from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds per acre, should produce profitable results. Do not use stable manure directly on the crop, as "rot" is apt to develop on the roots. Manure can best be applied to preceding crops. Among the leading varieties most commonly grown are the OxHEART OR GuERANDE. — A good all-scasou carrot ; orange red, smooth, and handsome; thick and stump-rooted, about 6 inches long; a rapid grower of fine quality. Danvers. — A fine half-long, cylindrical, stump-rooted variety of good size and of a rich, dark orange color. It is a first-class carrot for all soils, being smooth, with a flesh very close in texture and having very little core. Long Orange: — A popular variety for either garden or field culture, roots averaging 12 inches in length and 3 inches in diameter at the top ; very productive and a good keeper. CELERY. While celery gives best results on cool, very rich and very moist — not wet — loams, or muck soils, a small supply for home use may be successfully grown on quite a variety of good soils. It is useless to try to grow celery on poor, dry uplands, unless much care has been given to enriching and preparing the land and means are at The Bulletin. 17 hand for copious watering. The greater part of the celery grown commercially is produced on low peaty soils. It is usually planted on lowlands, for there the land is richer and the supply of moisture more constant. With proper attention to thorough preparation and fertiliza- tion, enough celery for home use can be grown in almost any garden. Too much stress cannot be put upon the importance of thorough preparation of land for celery. The land should be plowed 8 or 10 inches deep and harrowed thoroughly immediately afterwards. If this is done just before planting, care should be taken that the subsoil is not turned on top. It often materially helps the pulverizing process if the land is harrowed before plowing. In no case should clods be left in the soil. Beginning immediately after transplanting to the field or garden, cultivation should be frequent and shallow to keep out weeds and maintain a dust mulch to prevent the escape of moisture by evap- oration. Celery is a gross feeder. Even land that is considered rich will usually show good results from an ample supply of stable manure thoroughly incorporated with the soil. If green stable manure is used it will be better to apply it to a preceding crop. Well-rotted stable manure may be applied with impunity at the time of preparing the land for the celery. Even when a heavy supply of manure has been given, it will be found advantageous to use 1,000 to 2,000 pounds of commercial fertilizer analyzing something like Phosphoric Acid 7 per cent ISTitrogen 5 per cent Potash 8 per cent One-half or two-thirds of this may be applied at the time of prepar- ing the land and the remainder applied in the rows. One hundred and fifty to 200 pounds of nitrate of soda is often applied alongside the rows two or three weeks before blanching, or the same amount may be applied in several light applications from the time the plants are well established to blanching time. In the middle South celery is grown as a fall crop, hence the trans- planting to the field or garden is done during the earlier half of August. The plants may be procured from northern growers or grown at home. In the latter case, some time during the last half of May the seed are sown about a dozen per inch in rows 6 inches apart in a rich, moist, well-prepared seed-bed. The bed is kept moist — not wet— and shaded till the plants are well up, when the shading is gradually discontinued. When the plants have four or five leaves they are thinned to 1 or l^A inches apart in the rows. Those taken out may be transplanted to another bed, as they usually make better plants than those left in the original bed. For transplanting to the field or garden, use only good stocky plants. The tips of the roots are usually cut back and the tops 18 The Bulletin. are pruned. The plants are set 6 inches apart in rows 4 or 5 feet apart, or 6 inches apart each way in double rows 5 or 6 feet apart, depending upon the method of blanching. The newly set plants will need shade. This may be supplied by planting a row of cowpeas on either side of the intended celery row three or four weeks before trans- planting the celery, or planting the celery between com rows. The corn stalks may later be cut down and piled alongside the rows for blanching the celery. In the home garden boards may be used for shading the newly set plants. In all the methods of blanching the object sought is to exclude the light. This may be done by use of boards, drain tiles, or soil — more often the latter. Boards are usually used for blanching celery planted in double rows. When the plants have attained a fair size, gather the leaves in an upright position and draw enough soil around them to bank them up. From time to time the earth is ridged higher as the plants continue to grow. When the weather becomes cold and growth ceases the celery may be covered completely, or it may be taken up and stored in a cellar or well-drained trench covered with boards, with the plants standing upright in a few inches of soil. Varieties : White Plume. — Small and early ; stalks small, crisp, solid, and white. Poor keeper. Golden Self-Blanching. — Early; plants very large and stocky; stalks crisp, golden yellow, excellent quality; blanches readily; exten- sively planted. Fin de Siecle. — Stalks large, crisp, and good quality; fall and win- ter ; stands drought well ; good keeper. Giant Pascal. — Large, very late variety; stalks large, crisp, and finest flavor; stalks remain crisp long time; one of the best very late varieties. Winter Queen. — Stalks large, stocky, and good quality. Retains flavor well. Very hardy and good keeper. CUCUMBERS. Cucumbers are grown as a commercial truck crop in four different ways: first, in frames for early market; second, in the open field for later market; third, for pickling purposes, and, fourth, by forcing under glass. The first two methods are the ones we will discuss more particularly. The soils and fertilizers for these two methods are essen- tially the same. The selection of soils for growing early cucumbers is important. While they can be raised on various types of soils, the one best adapted to their culture, especially where earliness is an important factor, is a light, sandy loam, which responds quickly to heat and fertilizers. A slope to the south or southeast is preferable for early cucumbers. The Bulletin. 1^ Clay or clay loam soils, if well prepared, will produce a heavy crop of "cukes," but they will be comparatively late. Low soggy lands should be avoided. If the soil has been made acid by turning under heavy crops of green manure, it should be sweetened by use of lime before planting cucumbers. ' Nearly every vegetable grower has his particular method of growing cucumbers. The essentials, however, are usually the same in all cases. The land is prepared by plowing rather deeply and making free use of harrows, but too much subsoil should not be brought up at a single plowing. One of the secrets of success iu cucumber growing is to have the soil in such perfect tilth that the young plants can take hold readily. Cucumbers are usually planted 2 to 6 feet apart in rows 5 to 6 feet apart. To get cucumbers particularly early — and these are the ones that generally command the best prices— plants are sometimes started in hotbeds and cold frames. As cucumber plants do not transplant very successfully, the seed for the early crop is started in pots and then transferred to the beds when danger of frost is past. Even if they have started to put out runners before transplanting to the field, it does not hurt them, provided the pots are large enough to accommo- date the roots and care is taken to see that the dirt adheres to the roots in transplanting. For later crops the seed may be planted directly in the field. Wliether cucumber seeds are planted directly in the field or started in pots, the field culture will be the same. They are cultivated shallow and often till the vines are too long to permit cultivation. Every effort should be made to start the plants off quickly and keep up a continuous growth. The vine and fruit are both more or less succulent and any lack of moisture caused by improper cultivation or preparation will have a marked effect on the crop. No time should be lost in breaking the crust which will form onr the land after every rain. Cucumbers will stand heavier fertilization than is usually given them, provided the fertilizer is well incorporated with the soil. If stable manure is used, it should be well rotted, as cucumbers do not give best results on very rough manure. A fertilizer about as follows will usually give excellent results : Acid Phosphate 7 per cent Nitrogen 5 per cent Potash 7 per cent The nature and previous treatment of the soil should be taken into consideration in the application of any commercial fertilizer. When very early cucumbers are wanted — and they are the ones which usually command the highest prices — cold frames can be utilized to advantage. In this case they are planted earlier than when they are 20 The Bulletin. to be transplanted to the open field. The seeds should be planted 2 feet apart through the continuous frame. They are allowed to grow with the protection of cover till the weather is favorable, when the sash or cloth and frames are removed and the vines given the entire area. Frames in which winter lettuce has been grown can be used to advan- tage for an early crop of "cukes.'' When early cucumbers are grown in this way the soil in the frames should be as fertile as well-rotted stable manure and high-grade commercial fertilizer can well make it. The soil in the frames will absorb heat and warm up better if made dark by use of muck soil and stable manure. When picked for market, cucumbers should be from 6 to 8 inches long. All crooked or deformed ones should be discarded. For pick- ling they are gathered when 2i/2 to 5 inches long. The field should be gone over two or three times a week and all "cukes" that are large enough removed; for a ripening cucumber, though it is a cull, takes a great amount of vitality that would otherwise go to growing younger fruit. Most of the cucumbers grown for market are of the White Spine family. There are several varieties of this group listed by various seedmen, but they are all more or less alike. EGGPLANT. Because of their similarity and close relationship, eggplants require much the same treatment as do tomatoes. The essential points in the culture of eggplant are a long growing season, abundant available fer- tility, one or two transplantings to obtain vigorous, stocky plants, and frequent cultivation. These necessary cultural requirements are best met in the South, where natural environments offer every inducement to the commercial growing of eggplants. Eggplant does best in warm, loose, and well-drained soils. It is not adapted to heavy clay lands. Plants are started under glass, in hotbeds or cold frames, and they should be 6 or 8 inches high, of thrifty, stocky growth, when set in the field. Do not transplant until all danger of frost is past and conditions are favorable for making a continuous growth. Any check in growth that the plant receives from the germi- nation of the seed to the setting of the fruit will result in a much lessened crop. Eggplants are set in rows that are far enough apart to admit of easy cultivation, usually 31/2 to 4 feet. In the rows the plants are set from 2 to 4 feet. An ounce of seed will give about 2,000 plants. To secure abundant yields of fine fruit, heavy fertilizing is needed. Land that has been heavily manured and well cultivated for two or three years is in good condition for this crop. In addition to this, use about 1,500 pounds per acre of a fertilizer containing 4 per cent nitrogen, 9 per cent actual potash, and 6 per cent available phosphoric acid. Apply broadcast, previous to setting plants, and work well into the soil. Cultivate the same as for tomatoes, bearing in mind the necessity The Bulletin. 21 of keeping up an unchecked growth of the plants. As eggplants are very much liked by the potato bug, care must be given to protect the plants from this pest. Of the several varieties of eggplant listed by different seedmen, the following are perhaps the most universally grown: Improved New York Purple. — Plants grow low, stocky, and branch- ing, entirely free from spines. Pruits large, smooth, and rich purple in color. Early bearing. Black Beauty. — ISTot so heavy a yielder as the Improved New York Purple, but from ten days to two weeks earlier. Fruit of good form, size, and color. Texture and quality good. Black Pekin. — A strong growing variety of medium size. Color almost black. Flesh white, solid, fine-grained and good. HORSE-RADISH. Horse-radish is naturally a perennial, but when grown commercially it is usually treated as an annual crop. It is grown entirely for its pungent roots, which are used as a relish. A deep, cool, rich soil and moderately late growing season will produce the best horse-radish. The land cannot be made too rich for the production of this crop. Being grown for its roots, it requires plenty of nitrogen and potash. From 800 to 1,000 pounds an acre of a fertilizer having Available. Phosphoric Acid 7 per cent Mtrogen 4 per cent Actual Potash 9 per cent should produce a profitable yield of this crop, particularly if the soil is already reasonably fertile and in good condition. Horse-radish differs from other garden root crops in that it is propa- gated from cuttings of the small side roots which are made from the trimmings when the main roots are dressed for market. Good cuttings are about the size of a lead pencil or one's little finger and are from 4 to 7 inches long. They are planted as early in the spring as the ground can be worked, often put out in rows of early cabbage or beets. When these crops are harvested, the horse-radish takes the land and receives the same cultivation given other similar crops. Cuttings are planted right end up from 12 to 18 inches apart in the row. They are set so that the tops are usually from. 3 to 5 inches below the surface of the land. This deep planting delays the appearing of the plants at a time when they might interfere with any combination crop. IRISH POTATOES. The early potato crop is of prime importance to the coastal section of all the states from Florida to Maryland. This crop requires light, sandy loam soil, well filled with vegetable matter. Potatoes can be grown successfully on heavier soils if well drained ; but where earliness 22 The Bulletin. is a consideration, the soil that can be worked earliest in spring and will respond quickest to heat is preferable. The peaty soils of the swamp lands found in eastern North Carolina, if thoroughly drained and put in good physical condition, would be admirable potato land. Previous to planting the potatoes the land should be cleared of all rubbish and the soil deeply and thoroughly prepared. Soils that are deep and free from lumps and clods will form smooth, uniform tubers, the kind that sell to best advantage on the market. It is advisable to plow deeply at least several weeks before planting, preferably the fall before. The depth of plowing will of course vary with the soil. If the land is deficient in vegetable matter the plowing should not be so deep ; but the humus content of the soil increased and the depth of plowing increased proportionally. It is usually found profitable to take advan- tage of all economical means for supplying an ample amount of moist- ure to the growing crop. The yield of potatoes will be materially decreased if there is a deficiency of moisture. Where irrigation is not possible, there is no better way of maintaining a constant water supply than by deep and thorough preparation and frequent shallow cultivation. Potatoes for planting are usually cut to two eyes to a piece, or if cut with a machine an ordinary size tuber is cut into six or eight pieces regardless of the number of eyes. The pieces are planted 12 to IB inches apart in rows 21/1> to SVij feet apart. They are usually covered about 4 inches deep. If the land is comparatively level and more than 8 or 10 acres are to be planted to potatoes, it is advisable to use machinery for planting and harvesting. Before the plants appear a harrow should be run frequently over the ground to kill the early crop of weeds and break the crust that is likely to form on the surface. Every cultivation judiciously given from the time the plants are up till they shade the ground will increase the yield, particularly if there is a lack of rainfall. On the lighter soils where there is a noticeable deficiency of vegeta- ble matter, a crop of cowpeas can be grown the preceding season as a preparatory crop for potatoes. An application of stable manure will add humus to the soil, but it is usually better if put on some previous crop or applied the fall before, as fresh manure encourages "scab." Where there is an abundance of vegetable matter in the soil, whether from leguminous crops, stable manure, or peaty lands, a comparatively heavy application of phosphoric acid and potash should be made. Under ordinary conditions a good fertilizer is made up about as follows : Acid Phosphate 900 pounds \ Cotton-seed Meal 600 pounds / 500 to 1,000 pounds Nitrate of Soda 100 pounds ( per acre. Sulphate of Potash 400 pounds/ I The Bulletin. 23 To produce the second crop of potatoes for planting the following season's crop, well-matured tubers of the first crop are planted. The potatoes need a short season of "rest" before planting. Dig the pota- toes when fully ripe, cut in halves, and put in beds or windrows, cover- ing lightly with earth or pine straw. It has been found that they sprout more readily when cut in halves. When they show signs of sprouting, take up and plant about 15 inches apart in deep furrows 21^ to 3 feet apart, covering rather lightly. The depressions thus left are filled, after the leaves begin to show, by cultivation, which ought to be frequent and shallow. This crop will grow till frost kills the tops. After this the potatoes are dug, placed in heaps and covered with earth for the winter. As the second crop is not sure in a dry fall, many growers prefer to buy northern grown seed. In the mountainous part of the State late potatoes are grown in the summer and marketed in early fall and winter. All potatoes, whether of the early or late crop, should be graded to tubers of a uniform size. The early potatoes are usually sold in ventilated barrels covered with burlap or headed like an apple barrel. The late crop is usually sold by weight, in bulk or in sacks. In some potato-growing sections it is a common practice to obtain northern-grown "seed" potatoes for planting the early crop. It is claimed that they keep better and, as a result, when planted put out stronger terminal shoots than the home-grown potatoes. Every year hundreds of barrels of northern-grown potatoes are shipped south for planting the early crop. Varieties: Irish Cobbler. — Tubers are almost round, white, and uniform in shape and size. Flesh is white and good quality. Good cropper. Early Rose. — Old standard variety, early, productive, and good quality. Early Ohio. — Tubers almost round, smooth, and good size. It is early and a good cropper. Bliss Triumph. — Tubers round, fair size, and red skin (also White Skin Bliss). . Late varieties for general crop in mountain sections: Green Moun- tain, Carman, and Rural New Yorker. LETTUCE. When well grown, lettuce is one of the best paying of truck crops. The market calls for a large, firm head, running not less than 35 to the half-barrel basket. Anything less than this usually sells at a much reduced price. Lettuce will grow on a variety of soils, but it does best on a light, sandy loam well filled with humus. 24 The Bulletin. Lettuce can be grown in the South almost any month of the year except in the hot months of summer, when it shoots up rapidly to seed. For market purposes two crops a year are grown: a fall crop planted in early fall and maturing not later than Christmas and a spring crop set in late fall and maturing in March and April. For market purposes in the South only the heading types of lettuce are used. It can be grown in greenhouses, under sash, under cotton cover, or in the open field or garden. In ISTorth Carolina and southward, owing to a mild winter climate, lettuce is practically all grown under cotton cover or right in the open. That grown under cover is earlier and of better quality than the field-grown crop. FRAME CULTURE OF LETTUCE. Lettuce frames may be made of any desired length and width, but owing to convenience in handling, two different standard sizes have become common. These are the wide or double frames, which have a width of 16 feet, and the single or narrow ones with a width of 9 feet. The sides of the wide frames are made of rough pine boards 12 inches high and 1 inch in thickness. On the narrow frames, which are used especially for steam heating, the back is 21/2 feet high. It has been found that in the mild climate of our commercial lettuce region there is little advantage from steam forcing, and the narrow frame has been largely displaced by the wide frame, which depends on the sun's heat alone. For convenience in handling the covers, the frames are rarely made over 100 feet in length. Two by two inch rafters 17 feet long are sprung in every 4 feet to support the cover. A line of stakes is put down the center of the bed to support the rafters. The covers are made of "heavy domestic" cotton running three yards to the pound. THE SEED-BED. For the first or early crop of lettuce, which is to go to market from December 1st to Christmas, the seed is sown from August 15th to September 1st and the plants set out from September 15th to October 10th. For the winter crop, which goes to market in March and April, the seed is sown from October 1st to 15th and the plants set from No- vember 15th to December 15th. Since the weather is always mild at seed-planting time, we have found it best to sow the seed in the open. This gives firmer, hardier plants for transplanting than those grown under cover or sash. The seed-bed is prepared in much the same manner as the soil in the lettuce frames or in the field, except that it requires less manure. The land for the bed is somewhat elevated or crowned up, so that all surface water drains off. Its surface should be thoroughly pulverized, firmed, and raked off. The seed is best sown broadcast and raked lightly into the soil. It takes about two to three pounds of seed to produce the plants for setting an acre. Until the plants come up, it is a good plan to cover the bed with canvas or The Bulletin. 25 sash to retain moisture. Care should be taken to sow the seed thinly so that the plants do not come up spindly from crowding. If the plants are thick, they are much more liable to be affected with "damp off" fungus. It takes, usually, from a month to six weeks in the fall to make a plant of sufficient size for setting. The setting in the frames should be done when the plants are small, just getting the fourth leaf. If they are allowed to remain in the seed-bed until they get "necky," they will not form good heads later. The plants are set in the frames 12 inches by 12 inches or 10 by 12 inches. After a bed is set, the cover should be drawn over to keep the plants from wilting. In all bright, warm weather the covers should be off so as to admit all the light and heat possible. The most important thing about the culture of lettuce is to have the soil full of humus. It is practically impossible to raise good head lettuce in a soil that is deficient in humus. It is also impracticable to try to produce lettuce without commercial fertilizers. Manure is one of the best means of supplying humus to lettuce beds, and there is, on most soils, very little danger of applying too much of it. However, as manure is usually scarce and high-priced, the cheapest method of adding most of the humus for lettuce culture is by previous leguminous crops, nota- bly coAvpeas. For small beds humus may often be conveniently supplied in the form of street sweepings, swamp muck, or even peat or turf from wild lands. The inorganic fertilizing elements can only be supplied from the fertilizer Sack. Sufficient nitrogen is necessary to encourage a rapid leaf growth. On the other hand, too much nitrogen will make a soft, loose, leafy head that does not ship well. Phosphoric acid and potash seem to make the heads firm and solid in texture. After several years of experimenting on a sandy loam soil, I have found that two tons per acre of the following fertilizer has given us the largest yield of good marketable heads : i i • a • i 9 per cent Phosphoric Acid, 5 per cent Nitrogen, 7 per cent Potash. This formula is made up from the raw ingredients that are found to be cheapest on the market. One half of this amount is applied broadcast ten days before the plants are set, and the other half given as a side dressing about February 1st. For fall and winter crops of lettuce in the South, the Big Boston variety still holds the lead for shipping purposes. If lettuce is grown continuously on the same ground it will sooner or later become infected with the diseases that are peculiar to this crop. The most serious of these is the "drop" or "wilt" disease. This destroys the plant just as it is getting ready to head. In our experiments against this disease, spraying has proved impracticable. We have also found that cutting and burying every diseased plant does not seem to lessen its 26 The Bulletin. injury the following season. The only practical treatment we have found is rotation of crops and moving of our lettuce frames to new irround. ^ OKRA. 1 f Okra will do well on any soil on which cotton gives good results, * Like cotton, it is partial to wanii, rich loams. For commercial purposes it is usually grown on warm, sandy loams, though good okra can be grown on any well-prepared soil. It should not be planted, however, on poor land, as the pods are likely to be small and stringy. As this is a deep-rooted plant, the preparation should be deep and thorough. A good preparation for cotton will be found suitable for okra. The rows may be layed off 31/2 to '41/2 feet apart, depending on the variety, and the seed planted rather thickly in the drill. When the plants are 4 or 5 inches high they are usually thinned to 1 to 2 feet apart. It is advisable to keep the soil well stirred, particularly when the plants are small, as a rapid and continuous growth should be secured, for plants stunted by weeds or lack of moisture will produce pods of inferior size and quality. If no seeds are permitted to ripen on the stalks, they will continue to produce pods for a long period of time. This crop draws rather heavily upon the nitrogenous matter in th« soil; hence stable manure and leguminous crops should be brought into use. It would be advantageous to use quick-acting commercial fertil- izers, IjvOOO to 1,200 pounds of one analyzing about 8 per cent phosphoric acid, 4 per opnt nitrogen, and 4 per cent potash, jdepending upon the condition and previous treatment of the soil. All fertilizers should be incorporated with the soil. The pods are gathered while they are still soft and before the seeds are half-grown. If they are all taken off at the right stage of ma- turity and none allowed to ripen on the stalks, not even culls, the plants will bear for a longer period of time. Varieties: White Velvet. — The pods of this variety are long, smooth, and light greenish in color. It is an early and prolific bearer. Good quality. Long Green. — Fruit long, slender, pale green. Tender, and good quality. ^ *^ ONIONS. The onion is one of the staple truck crops that is found in the market throughout the entire year. As onions are produced in all parts of the country, the market usually has a constant supply from some section or other. The profitable culture of onions will depend, therefore, largely on the suitable soil and climatic conditions necessary for the production of a large crop per acre. It is seldom that there are fancy prices for onions as there often are for tender vegetables, so the profit must be made up in the production of heavy crops. The Bulletin. 27 Onions do best on liglit, loamy soils liberally supplied witb humus. Heavy soils make smaller bulbs, and as they are longer in growing, they are apt to be very pungent. Of late, onion growing has become developed to a considerable industry in some parts by the use of peat or muck lands. The method to be employed in growing onions will depend on the latitude north or south. In the north, good crops of dry onions can be raised in the summer season by planting seed, sets, or plants in the spring and harvesting them in the fall. In the far south, where the winters are mild, this can be done in the fall, winter, and early spring months. The summer season in the South is too hot for the production of this crop. In North Carolina we are somewhat between seasons in the production of onions. In the higher and consequently cooler region of the western part of the State the onion crop is grown in the summer season as is done in the North. In the southeastern portion of the State only the winter culture is practicable, for as soon as the plants get into hot weather they stop growing and begin to mature before the bulbs are of marketable size. In this warm region the summer onion is usually so injured by the onion thrips that the bulbs scarcely grow to be larger than sets. In the east the best method of raising onions is by planting sets in the fall and winter months. The most economical way is to put the rows 12 to 15 inches apart and give cultivation by the wheel-hoe. The sets will grow in the cool but bright days of winter and may be marketed as bunch or green onions in February and March. If the market is not good for bunch onions at that time, they may be allowed to remain in the ground, when they will mature a crop of large onions in May and early June before the hot weather and thrips can injure them. These mature onions produced from sets must be mar- keted soon, because they do not keep long in hot weather. A method of raising onions that is becoming more common, espe- cially where there is plenty of labor, is the raising of onion plants m a bed or frame and transplanting them into the field wheir they are about half the thickness of a lead pencil. This method gives a larger crop than the seed or set method, but as there is a good deal of hand labor about it, it is not practicable except in localities where labor is abundant. For the transplanting method in the eastern part of the State the seed should be sown in December and the plants set out in February. In the mountain regions the seed is sown in the beds in February and the plants set in April. No crop needs more thorough preparation of the land than onions. The plants are shallow-rooted and require the cleanest and most inten- sive tillage. It is for this reason that it is generally believed that onions should not be rotated, but should follow year after year on the same land, for there is no cleaner crop for onions to follow than an onion crop. The earth should not be hilled up over the bulbs, but they should be on top of the ground so that nothing impedes their 28 The Bulletin. growth. When the tops have died down the onions should be pulled and allowed to dry in the sun for a few days, when they should be spread out thinly under cover. The tops should not be taken off until the bulbs are sorted for market. It is an easy matter to raise onion sets at home. The seed should be sown thick either in beds or in rows in April, on rather poor land. The heavy seeding causes a crowding that makes many small bulbs. As soon as hot weather comes the little bulbs will ripen and may be har- vested. They keep best until planting time by being stored with the tops on. A small set the size of a pea is as good or better than larger sizes. Sets above half-inch in diameter are apt to go to seed rather than make big onions. The growing of large onions or heavy crops requires heavy applica- tions of manure and fertilizers. Some growers supply the humus by leguminous cover crops instead of manure, in order to cut down the expense of hand weeding. Potash is especially valuable in growing onions. The following is a good commercial fertilizer for onions : Phosphoric Acid .... 6 per cent ^ Nitrogen 5 per cent V 1 to 1% tons per acre. Potash 8 per cent J Varieties : The E.A.RLY White Queen and White Pearl are the best early onions. They are both beautiful white flat onions of very mild flavor. These are especially valuable for early bunch onions. The Prizetaker is the best onion for transplanting. It is a heavy cropper and makes a very large, handsome globe onion, that is some- times sold in the market as a Spanish onion. It is not a good keeper, and has to go into the market soon after harvesting. The Yellow Danvers is one of the best varieties for general crop from seed. It is a medium-sized yellow onion that is good for storing and keeping for a late market. PARSLEY. Parsley, one of the most popular of all garnishing plants, is not grown to any extent as a commercial crop. Being closely allied to- the carrot and parsnip, it requires the same cultural methods as those plants. The seed is slow to germinate and had best be sown in a seed- bed unless the ground is in fine condition and moist. Thin or trans- plant to 8 to 12 inches apart each way. Parsley can remain outdoors throughout the entire season or some of the most vigorous plants can be potted and kept in the house during the winter. The same fertilizer recommended for carrots and parsnips can be used for this crop. One ounce of seed will usually plant 150 feet of row. Champion Moss Curled and Extra Double Curled are two leading varieties. The Bulletin. 29 PARSNIP. The parsnip requires a long growing season and, like salsify and carrots, does best in a very deep rich soil. The seed germinate rather slowly and do not retain their vitality more than one or two years. Thick plantings should therefore be made in drills far enough apart to permit easy cultivation. One ounce of fresh seed will be sufficient for about 200 feet of row; 4 to 6 pounds for an acre. Young plants are thinned to a stand of 6 to 8 inches apart in the row. Cultivation is the same as recommended for other root crops. The same fertilizer used for carrots can be applied for parsnips, but one containing 6 per cent nitrogen, 10 per cent actual potash and 8 per cent available phos- phoric acid when applied at the rate of 1,000 pounds per acre, should produce very good results. Avoid using stable manure directly to the crop, as it has a tendency to cause too much branching of the main root. Roots may remain in the ground all winter or be dug and stored the same as salsify. Hollow Crown and Guernsey are the two leading varieties. PEAS. Garden or English peas represent one of the most important truck crops in some sections of eastern ISTorth Carolina. The crop is grown almost entirely for northern shipment. As earliness is of the greatest importance, there is a difference between the varieties that will be grown by the trucker and those desirable in the family garden. The market gardener wants a variety that, in addition to being early and productive, will mature its entire crop at as near one time as possible to facilitate harvesting and marketing. Peas grown for the early market do best on a light soil that is not too fertile. "While a very rich soil tends to make the plants run to vine at the expense of the crop, sufficient available plant food must be pres- ent to insure profitable returns. Stable manure should not be used directly, but had best be applied to the preceding crop. Peas, being a legume, are not supposed to require much nitrogen, but a little added to the fertilizer used will promote a more rapid growth of vine and hasten the maturity of the crop. A fertilizer having Available Phosphoric Acid 9 per cent Nitrogen 2 per cent Actual Potash 8 per cent used at the rate of from 500 to 900 pounds an acre, should produce good results under average conditions. Plow deep and thoroughly prepare the seed-bed to insure a sufficient supply of soil moisture for the development of the crop. Peas are planted in deep furrows quite thickly so as to stand up better and give a larger yield. Rows are from 3 to 4 feet apart. A rather deep cover- 30 The Bulletin. ing of the seed will enable the plants to more readily withstand decided changes of the weather. From one to two bushels of seed will plant an acre. Because of their hardiness, early, smooth varieties can be planted much earlier than the more tender, wrinkled kinds. Hardy varieties of the Marrowfat type are planted as early as December. Extra early wrinkled peas can generally be planted in February or as soon as soil and climate conditions are favorable. Give frequent shallow cultivation to aid in the development of a uniform crop. Varieties. — Alaska, Dwabf, Marrowfat, American Wonder, Nott's Excelsior, Premium Gem. PEPPERS. While the pepper crop is not very extensively grown by market gar- deners, a limited number can usually be handled to advantage along with other truck crops. The greatest amount is grown for the pickling factories. Although good peppers can be grown on quite a variety of well-prepared soils, ordinarily a well-drained, rich sandy or clay loam gives best results. Soils that will grow good tomatoes will in most cases produce first-class peppers. In preparing land for the pepper crop it is advisable to remove all rubbish and plow the land deeply and thoroughly. A good preparation for cotton will ordinarily be found suitable for peppers. The plants are started in hotbeds or cold frames and transplanted to the field or garden when sufficiently large. They are planted 11/2 to 2 feet apart, in rows 21/2 to 3 feet apart, the large sweet varieties requiring more space than the small hot ones. Cultivation, which can be deeper than is advisable for most vegetables, should continue from the time the plants are set in the field until they are of fruiting size. If necessary, it may continue until the crop is gathered, but later cultivations should be shallow. Peppers will, under ordinary conditions, show good effects from liberal manuring and fertilizing. Six hundred to 1,200 pounds per acre of a fertilizer of about the following analysis has been found beneficial: Phosphoric Acid 6 per cent Nitrogen 5 per cent Potash 9 per cent The fertilizers are usually applied in the rows. In marketing, the peppers are cut when they are full size, but before they show any color. For shipping they are packed into bushel veneer baskets or in six-basket carriers. Varieties. — The varieties of the large bull-nose type are the ones mostly grown by market gardeners. Bull-Nose. — Large, early, bright red when ripe ; flesh mild and good. KuBY King. — Larger than Bull-Nose, red when ripe; flesh thick, mild, and sweet. The Bulletin. 31 Sweet Mountain. — Large, bright red when ripe; thick-fleshed, mild,, and sweet. Neapolitan. — Large, early, bright red when ripe ; mild flavor. Ked Chili. — Small, bright red, very hot. Used for making pepper sauce. Long Red Cayenne. — Late, small, cone-shaped, bright red; hot. Tabasco. — Stalk large, very productive ; pods small, cone-shaped, very hot. Used for making tabasco sauce. RADISH. Except in a few well situated localities the radish crop is not usually grown extensively for shipping to northern markets. However, when produced early, it is of some importance. This crop can be successfully forwarded under glass. Light, "quick," well-drained soils are best for growing early radish. As it is a crop of very short duration, coming off in from three to four weeks, it is often used as a "catch crop." The seeds are sometimes drilled in with beets or the seeds of other slow growing vegetables. The radishes mark the rows before the other plants come up, and are taken out before the later crops need the room. The preparation of soil for radishes is essentially the same as for other root crops. The land is put in good condition by repeated cul- tivating and harrowing. Cultivation should not be neglected when the radishes are growing, for any check in their growth will make the roots tough and stringy. As a quick, continuous growth is desirable, quick-acting fertilizers relatively high in nitrogen can be used to advantage. One thousand to 1,200 pounds per acre of a fertilizer about as follows will usually give good results : Phosphoric Acid 7 per cent Nitrogen 5 per cent Potash 8 per cent Land that has been made fertile by several years use of stable manure or leguminous crops will be found excellent for radish growing. Radishes for market are gathered when they are small and crisp, tied in bunches of about a dozen each and packed in half-barrel veneer hampers or ventilated barrels. Only those that are smooth and solid should be used for market. As radishes are a comparatively inexpensive and rapid growing crop, they can be profitably forwarded in frames under glass or cloth. ISTear-spent hotbeds are sometimes used for this purpose when only a limited number is wanted. Radishes work admirably in rotation with frame-grown lettuce, following the first crop, which is harvested about Christmas. Since they occupy the ground such a short time, radishes; are often made use of as a "catch-crop" in greenhouses and hotbeds,. 32 The Bulletin, utilizing llie ground for a few weeks between the gathering and plant- ing of 01 her crops. In greenhouses, hotbeds, or cold frames, radish seeds are ])lnni(>d about Vo inch deep in rows 4 to 6 inches apart in warm, rich soil. For good crisp radishes the soil should not lack for moid ui-e fi-om the time the seeds are sown till the crop is gathered. Varieties. — Extra Early Scarlet Turnip, Crimson Giant, French Breakfast, Half Long Scarlet. SALSIFY. Salsify is a hardy, tap-rooted plant commonly known as vegetable oysier plant. The roots, when cooked, very closely resemble the flavor of fried oysters. The character of the plant is such that it requires prac.ically the same cuLural treatment as the parsnip and carrot. Deep, rich, cool soil and a moderately long growing season are neces- sary 10 the production of good salsify. Under more northern conditions the seed is sown early in the spring, as soon as the ground is in good condition. Further south the sowings can be made in May or June, for, if planted too early, the plants may run to seed and the roots become woody and worthless. As the seed germinate poorly in loose soil, they should be sown thickly and the rows tramped over or rolled afier sowing. Rows are laid off the same as for other root crops. An ounce of seed will plant about 70 feet of row; 3 to 10 pounds an acre. When plants are up, thin to 4 or 5 inches apart. A fertilizer contain- ing f) per cent nitrogen, 6 per cent available phosphoric acid, and 9 per cent actual potash, used at the rate of 1,000 to 1,500 pounds per acre, should produce good results when applied to thoroughly prepared and well cultivated soil. Salsify roots may remain in the ground all winter or may be dug and stored in sand or earth in December, thus keeping ihem fresh and sweet, to be used as desired during the winter. The most satisfactory variety is the Mammoth Sandwich Island. SPINACH. In some localities spinach is one of the most important truck crops grown. Being one of the pot-herb crops or "greens," it must make a quick growth in order to be crisp and tender. For home use it may be had during the summer in the cooler parts of the country by making successive plantings, but commercially it is grown as a spring and fall crop. Spinach grows best in cool, moist weather. A rich, loamy, well drained soil is most desirable. Growers in the South usually plant the seed in August or September on land intended the next spring for a CO]) of early snap or string beans. Spinach is mostly planted in drill- 12 to 18 inches apart or far enough to permit of easy cultivation. Ph:ns should stand about 4 to 6 inches apart. Ten to twelve pounds of seed will plint an acre. The smooth-seeded varieties are most com- mon Iv crrown. The Bulletin. 33 A sufficient supply of readily available nitrogen is necessary to pro- duce a good crop. From 800 to 1,000 pounds an acre of a fertilizer having Available Phosphoric Acid 8 per cent Nitrogen 4 per cent Actual Potash 8 per cent is often used to advantage, and in addition to this, small applications of nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia are made from ten days to two weeks apart. Some growers top-dress the crop with manure in the fall, and the leachings from the manure will then start the plants quickly in the spring. Varieties.— LoNo Season, Noefolk Savoy, and Thick Leaf. SQUASH. Squash is a cucurbitous or vine crop belonging to the same botanical family of plants as the cucumber, cantaloupe, watermelon, and pumpkin. Cultural treatment is practically the same for all these crops. Light, loamy fertile soils, and an unchecked growth of the vines give the most profitable results. Seed is planted in hills from 4 to 6 feet apart each way and cultivation continued until the growth of vines makes further working impracticable: About 4 to 5 pounds of seed will plant an acre. Stable manure can be used to advantage in growing this crop, but when this is not available in sufficient quantity a chemical fertilizer made up of Available Phosphoric Acid 8 per cent Nitrogen 3 per cent Actual Potash 8 per cent and used at the rate of about 1,200 pounds an acre will give good results. This is usually applied in the hill. Squashes are divided into three general groups : the field or winter type, of which Hubbard and Boston Marrow are characteristic varieties, the bush or summer squash, sometimes called cymblings, of which Crookneck and Scallop or Pattypan are leading kinds, and a third specific type to which belong the Cushaws or "Winter Crooknecks, Ten- nessee Sweet Potato Pumpkin, and some others. SWEET CORN. Sweet or sugar corn is closely related to field corn and is character- ized by the more or less wrinkled or shriveled appearance of the mature kernels. It is grown preeminently for the immature ears from which the grains are either eaten in the fresh state or else canned. The can- ning industry has greatly increased the importance of this crop until in some sections of the country it has become the leading horticultural product. It has been thought that sweet corn naturally seems to reach a higher state of development when grown in the short season and under 34 The Bulletin. the more invigorating climatic conditions of the more northern sections, but from investigations carried on by the United States Department of Agriculture, it has been found that southern-grown sweet corn has a higher sugar content than that grown in northern localities. But little attempt has been made to produce this crop commercially in the South, because of the impression that the natural environments are unsuited to its growth and also on account of the ravages of the ear- worm, an insect similar to the boll worm attacking cotton. JSTot-with- standing these apparent difficulties, suitable varieties of sweet corn can be grown successfully in almost any section of the State where field corn succeeds. The cultivation of sweet corn is almost the same as that .of field corn, the only difference being that greater attention is given to earliness and the development of each individual plant. A difference of three or four days in time of maturity will often make a difference of several cents a dozen ears in the market price. Sod of any kind, top-dressed the previous year with stable manure, affords a good basis for corn production, although the turning under of crimson clover, rye, or other green manuring crops will give practically as good results. The land should be well prepared and frequent cultivations given, to insure a sufficient supply of soil moisture necessary to produce rapidly grown, succulent ears. Sweet corn may be planted either in hills or in con- tinuous drills. For the early crop, seed is planted as soon as the ground is thoroughly warm and when all danger of frost is past. Because of the structure of the seed, it is well to make the first planting rather heavy to insure against a poor stand, which sometimes results from the rotting of the seed when it has been planted in cold, wet ground. In addition to the use of stable manure or some green soiling crop, corn will be materially benefited by the use of a complete fertilizer, made up preferably of materials that are quickly available. A fertilizer having Available Phosphoric Acid S per cent Nitrogen 3 per cent Actual Potash 6 per cent when used at the rate of from 800 to 1,200 pounds an acre should pro- duce good results. This can best be applied broadcast, previous to the planting of the seed, so that each subsequent working of the land will hasten the development and liberation of available plant food. As sweet corn is grown primarily for the immature ears, it is necessary to make the growth of this crop as rapid as possible to obtain the most successful results. Of the many varieties of sweet corn offered by different seedhouses, the following are perhaps best suited to southern conditions : Earliest Catawba, Country Gentleman, Stowell^s Evergreen. The Bulletin. 35 SWEET POTATOES. Being a semitropical plant and requiring a long growing season free from frost, the sweet potato is preeminently a southern crop. In the South the moist, sugary potatoes commonly termed "yams" are grown almost exclusively for table use, while in the North and West the dry varieties of the "Jersey" type are wanted. Potatoes grown for market should be of such varieties as each particular market demands. A larger number of marketable sweet potatoes can be produced on moderately fertile land than on very rich soil made up largely of or- ganic matter. A light, well-drained sandy loam on which a crop of cowpeas has been grown the previous season is a good place for sweet potatoes. This will usually supply most of the nitrogen necessary for the potato crop. An excess of nitrogen will cause a rank growth of vines, with small, stringy potatoes. The soil should be plowed and pul- verized thoroughly to a depth of 5 or 6 inches. Deeper preparation often allows the potatoes to become .long and ill-shaped. This is immaterial if the crop is used for stock feeding, but if intended for market purposes the rather thick, spindle-shaped potato is preferable. The most common method of propagating sweet potato plants is to place the tubers close, without touching one another, in a hotbed or, later in the season, in a cold frame, and cover them with about 3 inches of sand or loose sandy loam, a month or six weeks prior to the time for setting out plants. Use clean sand if possible, as there is less likelihood of its harboring diseases that might prove destructive to the young plants. Keep the bed moist and exposed to plenty of sun- light to hasten the development of sprouts from the bedded potatoes. These sprouts put out roots and so become individual plants ready to be transplanted to the field. Another method of propagation sometimes employed is to make cuttings from vines already growing in the field and plant them the same as "sprouts." In transplanting sweet potatoes, set the plants a little deeper than they were in the plant-bed, so that no part of the stems that were pro- tected by earth in the bed will be exposed in the field. Plants are set either in checks 2 feet each way or about 15 inches apart in rows 3 feet apart. If the weather is dry the plants should be watered as soon as convenient after planting. When planting is done in sunshine or wind, the vitality of the plants is often saved by puddling the roots. This is done by dipping them in a batter of the consistency of cream, made of clay and water. Transplanting machines, provided with water tanks from which each plant is watered automatically as it is set, can be used to advantage in planting extensive areas. These machines can be used for setting all kinds of vegetable plants, tobacco, etc., and are provided with attachments for planting Irish potatoes and for distrib- uting fertilizers. As soon as the plants have taken root, cultivation should begin. Continued shallow workings should be given until the growth of vines makes further cultivation impracticable. 36 The Bulletin. The question of fertilizers is so closely related to that of soils that the two can hardly be separated. Soils are of all degrees of fertility^ from those supporting without aid only a meager growth of vegetation to the richest soils, which contain plant food far beyond the needs of the crop growing upon them. The sweet potato needs a complete fertilizer. Growers should know approximately the deficiencies of their soil and how best to supply these deficiencies at the least cost. Under ordinary conditions and on the average type of soil a fertilizer having Available Phosphoric Acid 6 per cent Nitrogen 2 per cent Actual Potash 7 per cent used at the rate of from 600 to 800 pounds an acre should produce good results. Varieties. — The Jersey potatoes are grown to a considerable extent for northern markets. They are spindle-shaped, of good size, and pro- ductive. The flesh is dry and mealy. Southern Queen, or Blayman : The potatoes of this variety are short and thick, white or light cream in color, heavy croppers and good keepers. The flesh is cream colored, rather moist and sweet. Quality fair. Pumpkin Yam: Potatoes short, spindle-shaped, sometimes round. Yellow skin. Plesh is orange or yellow, moist and sweet. Good cropper. Georgia Yams: Roots spindle-shaped, yellow, medium size. Plesh is yellow, moist, and very sweet ; rather light bearer. Norton Yam : This is one of the yellow varieties similar to Georgia or Pumpkin yam. Potatoes are short, spindle-shaped, and yellow. Flesh is moist and good quality. ViNELEss Yam : Plant has very short or no vines, easily cultivated. Roots spindle-shaped, fair size, and white or cream color. Flesh moist and sweet. Not as heavy bearer as some varieties. Black Spanish, or "Negro Choker" : Roots are long and crooked, dark purple in color. Flesh white, dry and poor quality. Used for stock feeding. TOMATOES. There are three general uses for which tomatoes are grown: for early market; for canning; for home use and local market. Growing early tomatoes for shipping to northern markets is of the greatest con- cern to our coast region truckers, while growing tomatoes for canning purposes is of interest to the growers of the piedmont and mountainous parts of the State. Tomatoes can be successfully grown on various types of soils, provided such soils are in proper physical condition. The selection of soils will be controlled largely by the purpose for which the tomatoes are grown. For early market purposes a warm sandy, or sandy loam soil overlying a clay subsoil is most desirable. If this is located on a slope to the The Bulletin. 37 soutk or southeast it will generally mean a few days of fancy prices in early markets. The land should be well drained. Where the tomatoes are not wanted particularly early, the selection of "quick" soils is not so important. However, owing to the better drainage and the greater ease with which high tillage can be maintained, light or sandy soils are usually preferable for all tomato crops regardless of the purpose for which they are grown. One of the foremost requisites for the production of a heavy crop of tomatoes is thorough preparation of the soil. The pulverization should be deep and thorough. Every going over of the land economically done that puts the soil in better condition usually more than pays for itself in the increase in yield of first-class fruit. Cultivation should begin immediately after planting, so that the moisture will not be lost from the soil. It is well to make the first cultivation rather deep to coun- teract the compacting effect caused by walking over the soft ground in setting the plants. It is practically impossible to give too much cultiva- tion to tomatoes during the first month, provided it is not done when the soil is wet. If the plants are set so that cultivation can be carried on only in one direction, hand hoeing will be necessary. Tomatoes are not particularly gross feeders, but they demand special care relative to the kind and manner of applying fertilizers and manures. If manure is judicially applied, it is hardly likely that too much will be used, but, if it is carelessly and thoughtlessly applied it may prove worse than useless. If stable manure is used — and there is no reason why it should not be — it should be put on previous crops or broadcast on the land and worked in the fall or winter before planting. Stable manure and commercial fertilizer will usually give better results than fertilizer alone. The commercial fertilizer is applied in the furrows and mixed with the soil a week or so before the plants are to be set to the field. Ordinarily a fertilizer of about the following analysis is recommended : Phosphoric Acid 7 per cent Mtrogen 4 per cent Potash 8 per cent Potash applied in the form cf wood ashes gives excellent results. A light application of nitrate of soda about the plants two or three weeks after setting is of decided advantage in starting them into vigor- ous growth. At picking season the field should be gone over two or three times a week, so that the fruit is gotten in good shipping condition before it becomes ripe and soft. Handle the fruit without bruising. For long shipments wrap each specimen in paper and pack firmly in six-basket carriers. For local markets they may be packed unwrapped in baskets. Varieties. — There are almost any number of varieties listed in the seed catalogues. Tomatoes are so easily bred to better types and also 38 ' The Bulletin. "run out" so quickly from lack of attention, tliat now some of tlie old varieties are not at all what they were when first introduced. For most purposes a smooth, solid, medium-size tomato of good quality is desirable. Earliana : This is one of the earliest varieties. The fruit is small to medium, bright red in color, and not very symmetrical or uniform. The flesh is rather firm, juicy, and evenly ripened, not always evenly colored. It is medium fine-grained and comparatively good quality. This variety is popular with truckers for very early markets. Acme: This is an excellent old variety, medium in size, smooth,, symmetrical, and very solid. It ripens and colors evenly. The flesh is firm, fine-grained, and good quality. Beauty : The fruit is medium to large, s^anmetrical and uniform, dull dark red in color. It ripens slowly and evenly. The flesh is solid, fine-grained, and good quality. Globe: This variety is uniformly large and symmetrical, dull dark red tinged Avith purple. The fruit ripens evenly. The flesh is very solid, juicy, fine-grained, and good quality. Stone : The fruit of this variety is medium to large, smooth and round. It ripens and colors evenly. The flesh is firm, fine-grained, and good quality. Ponderosa : This is one of the largest tomatoes grown. The fruit is dull light red, sometimes tinged with purple and unsymmetrical. The flesh is firm, medium fine-grained, and good quality. The fruit is too large for market purposes. NeAv varieties of tomatoes are being introduced by seedsmen every y^^^- TURNIPS. Ordinarily, it does not require any special skill or practice to grow the turnip crop. It is one of the easiest vegetables grown. However, like all other crops, it will show marked results from favorable condi- tions. Sometimes early turnips can be raised at a profit for northern markets. In that case the seeds are sown as early in spring as weather conditions will permit in loose, rich, sandy or sandy loam soil. The soil should be loose to produce smooth, round turnips, and rich to secure a quick, continuous growth. Turnips grown slowly by reason of poor land are likely to be woody, tough, and bitter. "New grounds" are found to produce good turnips, as they are loose and comparatively free from weed seeds and root maggots. Good turnips can be grown on a wide range of soils if they are in good mechanical condition. As the physical condition of the soil determines to a large extent the form of the root, thorough preparation is apparent. Unless the soil is heavy, the preparation need not be particularly deep, but the part in which the turnip is to grow ought to be well pulverized. The seeds are sown broadcast or in rows, the latter being the method usually practiced in growing early turnips. In this case the seeds are drilled The Bulletin. 39 sparingly in rows IV^ to 2 feet apart. As the plants crowd each other, they are thinned out till they stand 8 to 10 inches apart in the rows. Unless those taken out can be used, the thinning may be completed at one going over, which is usually done when the plants are about 4 to 5 inches high. The cultivation, which should be sufficient to keep up a continuous growth, may be done with wheel-hoe or cultivator. The latter is preferable when turnips are grown on a large scale. When manure is used for turnips it is advisable to have it well rotted and thoroughly mixed with the soil. Five hundred to 1,000 pounds of fertilizer of about the following analysis will be found beneficial : Phosphoric Acid 7 per cent :N'itrogen 4 per cent Potash 8 per cent This also should be mixed with the soil. It would be advisable to use quick-acting fertilizers for the early crop, as a quick, continuous growth is desired. Turnips are gathered for market before they have attained full size, Avhen they are still crisp, tender, and sweet. The medium-size turnip is preferable for market purposes. Varieties: Early White Milan. — Roots medium size, smooth and white. Flesh £ne-grained, tender, and of good quality. Early. Extra Early Purple Top Milan. — This is an early, medium-size turnip, reddish purple above ground and white beneath. Flesh is white, tender, and good quality. Yellow Globe. — A round, smooth, yellow turnip, of firm flesh and :fine quality. Seven Top. — Good variety for planting in fall for greens. Not grown for the roots. WATERMELONS. Watermelons give best results on high, warm, well-drained, sandy or sandy loam soil, though good crops are often grown on rather a wide range of soil. Good melons are often grown on land that is considered thin. Low, soggy lands or those that overflow should be avoided. Since, as a rule, only the early crops pay for shipping, warm, sandy soils are most used for commercial melon growing. The preparation of the land need not be more than moderately deep, but should be thorough, such as can be given by free use of disc and spike-tooth harrows. Usually the land is laid off with a plow in checks 8 or 10 feet apart each way and the "hills" made at the intersections, or sometimes they are planted in rows 10 feet apart and thinned to a single plant 4 feet apart in the row. Continued shallow cultivation should be given until the growth of the vines renders further cultiva- tion impracticable. Cultivate as soon as dry enough after every rain. 40 The Bulletin. As with cantaloupes, cowpeas are sometimes sown at the last working. These, besides affording shade and giving a crop of hay, give something for the tendrils to wrap around to keep the vines from being blown about by the wind. To grow particularly fine fruit, thin to one or two melons to the vine. While it does not require very rich land to produce good melons, they should be well fertilized. If the rows are laid out in checks, the furrows are usually plowed out well and a good application of compost and manure made in each hill. An application of 600 to 1,000 pounds of high-grade commercial fertilizer, having Phosphoric Acid 8 per cent ISTitrogen 4 per cent Potash 8 per cent will give good results. Small applications of nitrate of soda are often used around the vines from the time the plants are up until they begin to vine freely. Too much nitrogenous fertilizer should not be used, as the result will be a heavy growth of vines with little fruit. The quality of the melons will also be inferior. Varieties: KoLB Gem. — This is a short, thick, large melon, dark green with lighter markings. It has a thick, firm rind, and is an excellent melon for shipping. The quality is only fair. A leading commercial variety. Cuban Queen. — Large oval melon; striped dark and light green. The rind is thick; will stand shipping. The flesh is red and better quality than Kolb Gem. Mountain Sweet. — This is an old variety, oblong, dark green melon with thin rind. Flesh solid, red and good quality. Excellent melon for home use and local market. Will not stand shipping. Georgia Rattlesnake. — The fruit of this variety is oblong in form, good size. It is green, with lighter stripes. The flesh is dark red and good quality. Good variety for home use. ToM Watson. — A large, long melon, with dark green rind and light crimson flesh of excellent quality. Klecklet Sweet or Monte Christo. — A medium-sized, very dark- skinned melon of oblong shape. Flesh bright scarlet; solid, and of the very finest quality. The best sort for home use and nearby markets. LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR AUGUST. 1912. Pounds sold for Producers, first hand 9,027,611 Pounds sold for dealers 470,985 Pounds resold for warehouses 223,756 Total • 9,722,352 THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RALEIGH Vol. 33, No. 10. OCTOBER, 1912. Whole No. 175. REPORT OF SEED TESTS FOR 1912. (After U. S. Dept. Acjr.) PURE RED CLOVER SEED. WEEDY RED CLOVER SEED. WHICH KIND DO YOU PLANT? PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-ofRce at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter.. Fairfield K. W. Barnes... Lucama R. L. WooDARD Pamlico I. H. Kearney Franklinton First District . Second District . Third District. Fourth District . R. VV. Scott Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District. J. P. McRae Laurinburg .Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District VV. J. Shtjford Hickory Ninth District. A. Ca-N-non... Horse Shoe Tenth District. i OFFICERS AND STAFF, W. A. GRAHAM. ..Commissioner. ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. Pesccd.. .Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn. ...Bulletin Clerk. B. VV. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. PicKEL Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley Assistant Chemist. E. L. WoRTHEN Soil Investigations. •W. E. Hearn Soil Survey. J. Q. Jackson ..Assistant Chemist. J. K. Pi.uMMER 1 _ Soil Chemist. S.O.Perkins ._ Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch Clerk. F. S. PucKETT.. Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum. T. VV. Adickes Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERxMAN, Jr. Entomologist. C. L. Metcalf Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp... ...Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN Veterinarian. B. B. Flowe .Assistant Veterinarian. W. H.EATON Dairyman. A. M. Flanery Assistant Dairyman. W. N. HUTT .Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw — — Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray Assistant Director Farmers' Institutes. W. M. ALLEN.. Pure Food Chemist. E. VV. Thornton Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS Agronomist. G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist. tE. G. moss Cooperative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. IE. H. M.\THESON- Cooperative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work. A. K. Robertson Assistant Boys' Corn Club Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. VV. Collett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, X. C. •Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Hon. W. a. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh, N . C. Sir: — I submit herewith a report on the analyses and germination tests of agricultural and vegetable seed samples collected and analyzed in accordance with the North Carolina Pure Seed Act, also samples submitted by correspondents, for the year from August 31, 1911, to August 31, 1912. We believe that within the last year there has been an improvement in the seed placed upon our local market, due, at least in part, we feel, to the information concerning good seed which the Department has published. It is hoped that the present publication will further help in this important work. I recommend that it be published as the Octo- ber BuLLETir^. Respectfully, O. I. TiLLMAiSr, Approved for printing. Botanist. W. A. Graham, Commissioner. REPORT OF SEED TESTS FOR 1912. By O. I. TILLMAN, Botanist GENERAL REMARKS. According to the provisions of the JSTorth Carolina Pure Seed Act, seed samples have been collected and analyzed since the Act went into effect July 1, 1909. The present publication is the second report of seed tests made by this Department, and includes all samples received from August 31, 1911, to August 31, 1912. During that time 878 sam- ples in all have been tested; total Agricultural seed samples 657, sam- ples from inspectors 435, samples from individuals 222. One sample of sweet peas was submitted for germination test. Total samples for purity was 548, total samples for germination was 648. Germination tests were made of 220 samples of Vegetable seeds, also 170 samples of Tobacco seed were received and cleaned for farmers of the State. This Department wishes to state that the sample of Eedtop which was published last year, from The A. Dickinson Company, Baltimore, Md., as being adulterated 7 per cent with timothy was a sample sub- mitted by the company, and not one taken from the trade. SEED SHOULD BE TESTED AND THE VALUE KNOWN BEFORE PURCHASING. The wisdom and profit of having seed tested and knowing the actual cost and value of the seed to be planted may be illustrated by the follow- ing data. These samples were tested by the laboratory during the past year and are typical of the different grades of seed offered on the market at the same price. Laboratory Number. Kind of Seed. 1 : RetaU Price. Actual Cost. yalue! 1388— - 2232 1497 ■ Crimson Clover - Crimson Clover Red Clover S .15 per pound... $ .16 per pound... 95 per cent. .15 per pound... 1.30 per pound... 11 per cent. .20 per pound... .21 per pound... 96 per cent. 1400 (No Dodder.) Red Clover .20 per pound... .30 per pound... 48 per cent. 2108 (Dodder present.) Orchard Grass - .20 per pound... .22 per pound... 73 per cent. '024 Orchard Grass .20 per pound... .56 per pound... 25 per cent. 1534 2157 Redtop - Redtop 1 .20 per pound... .22 per pound... 87 per cent. .20 per pound... .32 per pound... 37 per cent. WEED SEEDS. The three kinds of weed seeds of most frequent occurrence in the principal kinds of Agricultural seeds tested are given below, the one found most frequently being listed first : 6 The Bulletin. Alfalfa — Buckliorn, Green Foxtail, Lamb's Quarters. Bluegrass, Kentucky — Field Sorrel, Buckliorn, Large Mouse-ear Chickweed. Clover, Crimson — Black or Hop Medic, Wild Mustard, Slender Fox- tail. Clover, Red — Buckliorn, Curled Dock, Green Foxtail. Clover, White — Field Sorrel, Black or Hop Medic, Large Mouse-ear Chickweed. Grass, Orchard — Field Sorrel, Buckliorn, Cheat. Oats — Cheat, Corn Cockle, Darnel. Redtop — YarroAv, Rugel's Plantain, Woolly Panicum. Out of 85 samples of Red Clover seed tested. Dodder was found to occur ill 23 samples, and in 0 samples of Alfalfa out of 26 samples tested. According to section 5 of the Xortli Carolina Seed Act, the occurrence of the following weed seeds in Agricultural seeds to be used for planting- is considered unlawful : Wild Onion or Garlic {Allium vineale L. and A. Canadense L.), Wild Mustard (Brassica arvensis (L.) Ktz.), Couch-grass (Agropyron repcns (/>.) Beauv.), Canada Thistle (Carduus arvcnsis (L.) Bohs.), Wild Oat (A vena fatua L.), Clover Dodder (Ciiscuta Epiihymum Murr.), Corn Cockle (Agrostemma Githago L.), Cheat (Bromtis secalinus L.), Dog Fennel (Eupatonxim capillifolium (Lam.) Small.), Wild Carrot (Daucus Carota L.). Following is given the standards for Purity and quired by the Seed Act : Alfalfa Barley Bluograss, Canada Bhiegrass, Kentucky Bronie, awnless Buckwheat Clover, alsike Clover, crimson Clover, red Clover, white Corn, field Corn, sweet Fescue, meadow Flax.._ Millet, pearl Millet, common Millet , hog Oats Oat grass, tall Orchard grass Rape Redtop Rye Rye-grass, perennial Rye-grass, Italian Sorghum ' Sorghum for fodder Timothy , Wheat . Germination re- Purity. Germination. 96 80 98 90 90 45 80 45 90 75 96 90 96 75 98 85 92 80 90 75 99 94 99 75 95 85 96 89 99 65 90 85 90 85 98 90 72 70 70 70 99 90 90 70 98 90 96 90 95 80 96 80 90 60 96 . 85 98 90 The BuLLETiisr. 7 CLEANING TOBACCO SEED. Last year this Division began a new line of work, that of cleaning tobacco seed for farmers of the State. Most gratifying reports have been received from persons for whom seed was cleaned, that as a result of planting the cleaned seed their crops had brought higher prices, as they had been greatly increased as to quality and yield. Following is what one farmer says concerning his experience with the cleaned seed, and it is about what the others say: "The tobacco seed I had cleaned by the Department of Agriculture last year I gave to one hundred and twenty-five fai-niers. and find theiu all pleased with the seed. I want to say that 1 find a great difference in the results where seeds are cleaned. "First. I get stronger plants on beds, and have no small, inferior plants. "Second. The tobacco lives lietter, not having to replant, grows evenly, not having any late, inferior tobacco to contend with. "Third. It matures uniformly, making the housing of the crop easier. "Fourth. I get a better grade of tobacco, heavier and more uniform. "Fifth. Better plants, regular growth, uniform maturity, heavier crops, and better prices I find to be the result of cleaned seed, with which I am much pleased. I am sending you to-day my seed for tliis year to be cleaned." The planting of only clean, vigorous seed of high vitality is of such importance that it is hoped the tobacco farmers of the State will take advantage of the opportunity which the Department offers to clean the seed. This work can be done more efficiently by the Department than by the farmers, as the Seed Laboratory has special apparatus for doing this work. Several times the quantity of seed desired should be sent to insure a sufficient quantity of cleaned seed. The seed should be sent some time before it is wanted, as often, due to pressure of work, imme- diate attention cannot be given to it, and all seed is given consideration in the order in which it is received. The Department makes no charge for cleaning tobacco seed. SEED SAMPLES FOR TESTING. Satisfactory germination tests and examinations of seeds may be made at home. Directions for doing this are given in the October (1911) Bulletin of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, which will be gladly sent to any person upon request. The same pub- lication also contains illustrations and descriptions of the principal agricultural seeds and noxious weed seeds which they are likely to con- tain. A person may be able to identify the foreign seeds in a sample by referring to these illustrations. This is often most helpful in facili- tating the purchase of good seed, as an examination as well as a germi- nation test at home will often save the time necessary to send a sample to the Laboratory and receive a report. Of the smaller seeds, such as the grasses and clovers, about three or four tablespoonfuls is a sufficient amount to send for testing. Of the 8 The Bulletin. larger seeds, as corn and oats, about a cupful is necessary. The follow- ing information should accompany all samples : ISTame and address of wholesale and retail dealer, retail price, and name and address of sender. Samples should be securely wrapped and addressed to The North Carolina Seed LABORATORy, Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, N". C. AGRICULTURAL SEEDS FROM THE FOLLOWING THIRTY-NINE WHOLESALE DEALERS WERE COLLECTED FROM THE NORTH CAR- OLINA MARKET AND TESTED. Dealer. Location. Acme-Evans Co l.Richmond, Va. Adams Grain and Provision Co Charlotte, N. C. Baldwin Feed and Implement Co Johnson City, Tenn. Barton Implement, Feed and Seed Co Johnson City, Tenn. Beveridge, S. T., & Co Richmond, Va. Bolgiano, J., & Son Baltimore, Md. Brent, C. S -.. Lexington, Ky. Broyles, McClellan, & Lackey Co KnoxviUe, Tenn. Carter, Venable & Co Richmond, Va. City Hay and Grain Co Norfolk, Va. Cobb & Crews Co Danville, Va. Cooper & Riddick Co Suffolk, Va. Covington-Hammond Co -• Laurinburg, N. C. Diggs & Beadles Richmond, Va. ElmCitv Lumber Co New Bern, N. C. Farmers"^ Supply Co Roanoke, Va. Hales, J. R., & Son Nashville, Tenn. Hamilton-Bacon-Hamiiton Co Bristol, Tenn. Hardin, Hamilton & Lewman Louisville, Ky. Henderson, C. W., & Co KnoxviUe, Tenn. Hickory Seed Co Hickory, N. C. Jacot& Mullen New York, N. Y. Jones, Charles D Nashville, Tenn. Landreth, D., Seed Co Bristol, Pa. Lewis & Chambers Louisville Ky. Louisville Seed Co Louisville, Ky. Mayo Milling Co ---- Richmond, Va. Merrill Co Chicago, 111 National Seed Co Louisville, Ky.^ Nungesser, Henry, & Co New York,.N. Y Rice, J. B., Seed Co Cambridge, N. Y. Roper & Co l.-J...:. - Petersburg, Va. Ryerson Grain Co ,-.. Memphis, Tenn. Savage, N. R., & Son -. Richmond. Va. Scott & Co - -■ Norfolk, Va Simpson, Bass & Co.: . Richmond, Va. Smith Feed and Seed Co Danville, Va. Union Seed Co Bristol, Tenn. Wood, T. W., & Sons -.:.._ Richmond, Va. The Bulletin. ADDRESSES AND NAMES OF ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHT RE- TAIL DEALERS, IN EIGHTY TOWNS, FROM WHOM AGRICULTURAL SEED SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AND TESTED. Location. Dealer. Aberdeen Hugh A. Keith. Albemarle Morrow Bros. & Heath Co. do Standard Supply Co. Andrews W. B. Fisher. Asheville Grant's Pharmacy. Bakersville L. Wilson. do George M. Young & Co. Brevard" Southern Stock and Farming Co. Burgaw C. Howell & Son. Burlington N. S. Cardwell. do Holt & May. Charlotte Davidson & Wolfe. Cherryville Cherryville Drug Co. Clarkton N. A. Currie & Co. Clinton W. D. Kelly. do-- J- C. Peterson. do B. F. Powell. Concord Cline & Moose. do A. S. Day vault. do H L. Parks& Co. do White-Morrison-Flowe Co. Durham •- F. M. Carlton & Co. do Haywood & Boone. do W. A. Mabry. do Pallard Bros. do ■- J- T. Rogers. do Sneed-Umstead Co. do - - P. W. Vaughan. do W. M. Yearby & Co. Edenton H. C. Prevatt. Elkin C. C. Gentry & Co. Elk Park J. E. Linehack & Co. Elizabeth City Jennette Bros. do T. P. Nash. do Spence & Hollowell Co. do W. S. White & Co. Fayetteville Adams Grain and Provision Co. do J. &0. Evans. do A. S. Huske. Gastonia Clinton Grocery Co. Goldsboro George E. Daniels. do Z. M. L. Jeffreys. do T. N. Waters & Bro. Greensboro '. J. R- Chrisman & Bro. do_- -- -- -- Elmore-Maxwell Co. do - R G. Hiatt. do C. Scott & Co. do Tucker & Erwin. do Tucker & Evans. Greenville F. V. Johnston. Henderson E. T. Davis & Sons. do - Parham Supply Co. do W. W. Parker. do Thomas Bros. Hendersonville T. B. Carson. do Farmers Hardware and Supply Co. Hickory City Feed Co. 10 The Bulletin. Location. Dealer. High Point Beeson Hardware Co. do High Point Hardware Co. do Parker & Clark. Hillsboro G. A. Durham. do H. L. Parish. do. E. A. Rosemond. do H. W. & J. C. Webb. Kings Mountain Kiser & Mauney. do W. A. Mauney & Bro. Kinston Churchill & Co. do H. C. Edwards. do J. E. Hood & Co. do E. B. Worst on Drug Co. LaGrange W. P. Hardy & Co. Laurinburg Planters Trading Co. Lenoir C. B. Harrison it Co. do Lenoir Drug Co. Lexington Lexington Hardware Co. do Owens & Burkhead. Lincolnton K. L. Lancing. do Lincolnton Drug Co. do _- - -- R. M. Ro.seman. Littleton C. C. Bobbitt. do Eugene Johnst on. do J. F. Xewsom & Son. do S. J. Stallings. Luniborton L. H. Caldwell. Madison City Grocery Co. do Madison Grocery Co. Marion J. D. Blanton. do ^- -Price Hardware Co. Marshall W. J. Gudgcr & Son. Matthews E. J. Heath & Sons. do Renf row, Barrett & Co. Milton ---R. L. Dixon. do J. J. Lipscomb. do - Lewis Walker Co. Mocksville J. L. Clement. do J. P. Green. do C C. Sandford Sons Co. Monroe F. B. Ashcraft. do Collins & Biggers. do Crow Bros. do English Drug Co. do Lathan & Richardson. Mooresville Harris & McNeely. do W. M. Neel & Co. Morganton W. A. Leslie. do J. H. Pearson. do J. H. Shuping. Mount Airy Mount Airy Feed Store. do Arnold Quisinbury. do F. L. Smith Hardware Co. Mount Olive J. W. Lewis. Murphy Dickey & Davis Bros. do John E. Fain. New Bern . Burnes & Co. do Dixon & Etheridge. do C. B. Hill. do C. L. Spencer. Newton George Moose. Norwood Harris-Mc Auley Co. The Bulletin". 11 Location. Dealer. Oxford J. W. & D. S. Fuller. do Horner Bros. do Long, Winston & Co. Plymouth W. H. Hampton. Raleigh W. A. Myatt. do Job P. Wyatt & Sons. Reidsville J- H. Burton. do W. F. Burton. do W. D. Hightower. do Hutchinson Bros. do - W. P. Ware. Rocky Moimt H. C. Joyner. do W. T. Williford. Roxboro Sorrell & Standfield. do Hugh Woods. Rural Hall Lawrence & Payne. Rutherfordton Thompson & Watkins. do Dr. T. B. Twittv Drug Co. Salisbury M. C. Rufty. do Salisbury Hardware and Furn. Co. do Taylor & Co. Scotl and Neck Burroughs & Wilmore. do_ Edwards & Co. do N. B. Josey & Co. Shelby W. J. Arey. do L N. Dellinger. do H. E. Kendall. Smithfield Austin-Stephenson Co. do Cotton-Underwood Co. do George T. Pool. Statesvilie J. B. Gill. do J- E. Sloop. Spruce Pine T. A. English. Sylva B. H. Cathey & Co. do Sylva Supply Co. Tarboro R- B. Peters Grocery Co. do, Roberson-Ruffin Co. Wadesboro - F. C. .A.llen & Co. do Parsons Drug Co. do Zoo Pharmacy. Walnut Cove -_ Jacob Fulton. do - The Stokes Grocery Co. Warrenton Burroughs & Son Co. do J- S. Wortham & Co. Washington Bloimt Pharmacy. do Walter Credle & Co. do J- Havens. do Jonalton Howard. do E. K. Willis. do Worthy & Etheridge. Waxhaw The A. W. Heath Co. do Rodman & Brown. Waynesville Clyde H. Ray. Whiteville , Oscar High. do J. L. Memory. Wilkesboro F. D. Forester & Co. Wilkesboro, North C. Call. do A. M. Church & Sons Co. Williamston Anderson, Crawford & Co. do Harrison Bros. & Co. Wilmington Hall & Pearsall. do W. J. Kirkman & Co. 12 The Bulletin. Location. Dealer. Winston-Salem DaviS; Boyles & Co. do Farmers Stock Co. do Farmers Trade House Co. do Farmers Union Agency Co. do P. R- Lamb & Co. do J. G. Messick. do Shelton Bros. Agricultural Seed samples were collected in the following 62 coun- ties : Alamance, Forsyth, Pender, Anson, Gaston. Person, Avery, Granville, Pitt, Beaufort, Guilford, Robeson. Bladen, Halifax, Rockingham, Buncombe, Haywood, Rowan, Burke. Henderson. Rutherford, Cabarrus. Iredell, Sampson, Caldwell, .Jackson, Scotland, Caswell. Johnston, Stanly, Catawba, Lenoir, Stokes, Cherokee, Lincoln, Surry, Chowan. Madison, Transylvania, Cleveland, Martin, Union, Columbus, ]\IcDowell, Vance, Craven, Mecklenburg, Wake. Cumberland, Mitchell, Warren. .Davidson, Moore. Washington, Davie. New Hanover, Wayne, Durham. Orange, Wilkes. Edgecombe, Pasquotank, VEGETABLE SEEDS FROM THE FOLLOWING TWELVE WHOLESALE DEALERS WERE COLLECTED FROM THE NORTH CAROLINA MAR- KET AND TESTED. Dealer. Location. Barnard, W.W., & Co Chicago, 111. Bolgiano, J., & Son Baltimore, Md. Buist, Robert, Co . Philadelphia, Pa. Crosman Bros Rochester, N. Y. Diggs & Beadles Richmond, Va. Ferrv, D. M., & Co Detroit, Mich. Lake\Shore Seed Co Dunkirk, N. Y. Landreth. D., Seed Co Bristol, Pa. Leonard Seed Co Chicago, 111. May, L. L., & Co St. Paul, Minn. Rice, J. B.. Seed Co . Cambridge, N. Y. Wood, T. W., & Sons Richmond, Va. ADDRESSES AND NAMES OF FORTY-SIX RETAIL DEALERS, IN THIRTY TOWNS, FROM WHOM VEGETABLE SEED SAMPLES WERE COL- LECTED AND TESTED. Location. Dealer. Albemarle Morrow Bros. & Heath Co. Beaufort Beaufort Drug Co. Charlotte W. L. Hood & Co. Clinton H. S. Southerland. Concord H. L. Parks & Co. I The Bulletin. 13 Location. Dealer. Durham _ _.. - Haywood & Boone. do W. A. Mabry. do Sneed-Umstead Co. do - -- - P. W. Vaughan. Elizabeth City T. P. Nash. do . W. S. White & Co. Fayetteviile A. S. Huske. Goldsboro George E. Daniels. do J- H. Pate. do T. N. Waters & Bro. Greensboro Howard Gardner. Greenville F. V. Johnston. Hertford T. C. Blancherd & Bros. Kinston E. B. Marsten. Laurinburg G. M. Wright. Lenoir Lenoir Drug Co. Monroe English Drug Co. Mount Gilead Bruton & Co. Mount Olive J. M. Lewis. New Bern J. F. Clark. do F. S. Duffy. do S. W. Willis. Oxford L. Thomas. Plymouth Latham-Owens Co. do Henry L. Spruill. Rockingham T. R. Baldwin. Rocky Mount J. M. Griffen. Scotland Neck M. Hoffman & Bro. Tarboro R- E. L. Cook Drug Co. do McNair Drug Co. Wadesboro Parsons Drug Co. do Zoo Pharmacy. Washington __. .Blount Pharmacy. do Brown Drug Co. do W. J. Rhodes. do Worthy & Etheridge. Weldon J. A. Alston. Williamston Anderson-Crawford Co. do Saunders & Fowden. Wilmington R. R. Bellamy. do W. J. Kirkman& Co. Vegetable Seed samples were collected in the following 27 counties Anson, Beaufort, Cabarrus, Caldwell, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Durham, Edgecombe, Granville, Guliford, Halifax, Lenoir, Martin, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, New Hanover, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Pitt, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland, Stanly, Union, Washington, Wayne. 14 The Bulletin. in >ra 0 U5 0 IC ir: « »o c: 0 0 u? ic »o 0 »0 0 10 •noi^Bniuijar) g OC GC c; s in CS -* C^l * CI * 01 0 CM * CO * JO ^nso jaj • g' 1 o o> ^ r^ Cfl 0 CO _ "* t^ -* (O 52 t^ 0 W5 C^l 0 t^ OS 05 fa ■paag uSpjoj 0 0 00 t^ t^ cc Tt< '"J ^ CO 00 00 t-^ ■^ CO ^ Oi CM JO ^uaj jaj ■^ c^ m m^ P5 1 {>.. ^* ^ 0 Oi 00 ca , kA »-< eo -* QO CM 0 22 S2 CO 00 JO ?U80 jaj t-- >n 00 ' W3 1-* »-t to 00 »o CO 00 t^ S2 Z S M s QC U5 00 c CT 'f CO '— « ^ 00 OS CO c^ ^- CO >* OS C^ CM OS OS ^ § OS § 3° ^ t^ 00 cr> 0 -t— r- CO 1>I s ^ PQ ^ Q J W ] H 1 J O j 9 1 c c 6 ; C d c c Q !Z d c z E 3 m : < ■ 3' I z z z c: :2 c 1 S, 435 SAMPLES IN ALL, C GUST 31, 1912. Q U "a 4 c ■ c 1 ) 1 1 £ c I i j 5 0 0 0 i i z :§ .S S 0 t c ^ W "S ■« ^o^-oz gzd z =^- 1 =^ 1 s -s ^ 1 1 1 1 -^ ^. « i s ^- 1 , =« =« ^ ^ .5 s s a 1 -t t> >; a fa c s e i1 £ 3 C 3 K 1 s c 2 > 1 |s : 0 fa ^ fa 13 S! W 1 ^ 1 c s faSa.-g^(§ g^ w ^ -:^ (2 ^ „- 0 tf s 1 1 ^ K ■> d 0 ^oooePdS H < , '^ 1 >> t ; 1 W 0 ^ •• ; ! M : ' 1 1 mh c ) ; I ® i ' ' J ^- 1 1 " 'Z ' ' J « 2 D Eh 0 as 2g (J 1 p 0 < 1 5 r- : si ; ►* ' c ' 2 1 "c^ 1 > 1 ; 0 ; ; S la J" 1 i 5 •§ 0 p 1 Q< # e 5 ' 00 ' °8 ; fa 0 03 Q !z 0 0 c h- h 1 ' 5 ; 0 c S S ^ eg -3 1 It > 1 c : °^ : 1 ' a ; 2 ; : s i : ^ 6 '^ B ; c ■« =3 2 ; =a •> ai ? 2 1 1 d S- . : 1 ^ z H CO fa 0 '5 "o B I- Y s c C t- 4 =5 0 £3 - 5 ; ^ - ; K : c d § -§ CO 00 W ^^ H 0 . fa 0 ii 02 ^n" ,_^ ' ,_^ j'^ H •B*^ •« '"« ■ •S CO il e § £^a '3 S 2 :; w 1. •Si 4 ii. S <: ■< n 6 < 0 _o _: 0 6 6 ■0 Ti 1 0 0 d C d d d ^ d c ■B -B ■jaqinnN 1 ^ CO t^ c 5 1:0 0 □0 OS r ■ OS T OS -^ * <1 OS CM CM -0 ■M 00 OS CM CM 0 ro CM =0 « — ' -^ CM IM The Bulletin. 15 t-- M* c; — • O rt -H O — ^ r- O Tl ^ ^H ^ C^» c o CO C3 o d O o Q o O o o O o s o o t) 73 ^ aj c o c3 o 6 i «3 b o O S3 O o o ^ o K c c3 as W £ d « o C3 > ■B £3 O O O =3 > e c o 3 O a si g O =8 03 > a o m o ^ ^ B c3 X si a; bO ci C3 > a o =8 -a o o z d o 2 izi ^ CO bD a W o o o J2 . 'O ^ O pa <; o o O PQ si o w e o 3 o m a o 1-5 03 s 03 XI ci O a a: -S >> o a O O 2 Z « -1 ^^ T* 3 3 d -a 03 6 o a o o O 3 a 6 O pq pa o a" o ;5 o =: > O a — © = 0-3 ^ ^ i-a K S O O N H 2 .c ^ O S o " i ^ u CO " ■a a o P5 6 O =3 S3 a ci O C3 •:: a 02 .2 pa d si ci > > <» T3 z^ a > o a S3 Q o - p:5 o U 2 1 T3 pa =8 =« ^ JJ bC o ■a o O ■< a X o pa o _o _o _o o 3 S £ O •A Q o o ■a -a o ■a _o o ■a o -a _o _o -§ o -3 CM oo CO o c-» CO o c^ o C>1 ■.— I ^H CO O o rj< CO CO (M O o o 16 The Bulletin, i xn O Eh o OS !z: l-H P H O o o OS ■noi'j'Buinijao JO ?U90 jaj^ •paag nSiojo^ JO 'jna^ aa J s JO inao J9» o OS o» N 00 (M OS »o -^ CO o o . oo r- r- ^ o> 1— t •^ •paag amj JO luao ja J 4S •S z 2 'I fa PQ a" a" o .a n '> 03 Q O o PL, o Xi O w o 03 ■a Im 03 w o o a o bC a pa o a >, o O u c '^ "p n o H iJ Q tf K o o 13 o U bO 3 .hi o a o a S bg w o •8 03 Pli IS d O 03 w P4 o ;?; S CO o PQ 13 O -a CO O a 2 a 03 bC o s b3 a 'S, 3 J3 CO ; .*^ o ■*^ 03 .s S d O & _o "o w «8 a 2 bl 3 PP 03 U a 3 O 3 .9 •3 O "3 u a o O o o o a O o 13 2 bt a o bD J3 •♦^ M O 3 2 3 o fc: I d o c» n J3 bO 3 O fc 3 pq Q "3 o o O a 2 a 03 . wg I H fl » oH o 03 _- «2 3.2 O '• *P3 03 W a a 2. »** o > O a W d O fl o 3 O O 52; 3 •8 A Oh =3 O ■a o o o o o n3 tJ 'd TJ 2 .a PQ o O CO J3 •n 3 03 o O TS <£ C> CO "3 3 03 ^ O (D -O ja o & bD -a S o ^ bt 3 3 I? >. O U ■a 01 a> CO P3 3 J3 PLC d •^ ■« a o PQ 2 a P, V n 00 03 d o S ja o c" o 03 oa bO 03 > 03 o o .2 o o O O o p o o o ■■a d o d CO o O t3 O o O ^ ^ o a 3 o O o O d O PQ d o 03 d 12 S pq O 3 O W W d B o a d 3 o d o O d O =«3 C3 ^1 03 o o XI tn aao J8 J •joi^tjj^ ?janj JO ?U00 J8£ •paag ajnj^ JO luao jaj^ lo o o lO o »c lo o lO o o o l« l« m o lO lO WD o Oi gg OO * CO CO * 3 * o CO * g g 00 * # CO 00 * OO * co CO * o OO s° g§ s OO OO t— 1 o CO O CO § ^ o o OO 00 CO 1— t § *-H rH ; V pq < o O si o O K «3 ^ 2 > i :i ^ - a o o O bO 3 «3 .a 3 O 9 us s 6 O 2 = g ■ct O o .3 Q >. hJ O o o o O bD 3 o CO I 13 O s 6 U J<1 - p: o o < o O j3 o o 03 O = s i^ ^- w a bO a a (2 ^ CO g ^ CO ^ =8 a O o" o J3 CO O 13 3 O a 2 ^ O w .a o a o ^ a o a j3 C O CO bD > C3 02 > 13 c! O 6 U ■a 05 > S3 O S A a o m =3 ■n 13 o o o a &: « •■5 ^ Z CO Eh o ■a o o O T3 O O T3 -a 000 ■a -c -a o o T3 -d o O o !?; o t« s o K >■ O >J O o -a o o -a -a o ■13 O O O T3 O 13 o o -a -d o o 13 o o •jaqinn^ oc* 00 »— < o The Bulletin. 19 >o lO o O o o LO lo o o »-o o o o o o o o »c »c o o »o o o tn CO (M •^ 05 r- 05 t-- CO 'M o as lo C3S (TO 03 r-, oo CO CO oo ,_, ,__, b- ^ f» oo •o oo oo oo r^ Oi i-O -*< oo ^ oo Ci b- oo <~^ r-- « * * * * « ^_, r^ t^ "^ t^ (M Oft t^ CO CO o CO oo CO irs W5 t^ lO •^ o CO o Ci ^ t^ ■^ CD CD Ci Cs 1-H . CO CO CO lO ca OS t- CO 00 oo CO oo t^ oo »o I-- oo r^ oo t^ CO CO b^ t-^ r^ CO -Ti Ci Oi C3 OJ Ci Oi o C5 Ci Ci Ci Oi Oi Ci OS Oi OS H — -i ' •t— 2 C3 3 Pi «3 -5 O 2' o -t-» c bO O o a o -«^ a "o o a 3 bO 3 Q o e 3 U 3 P o a" '3 +3 a 3 o . a 3 O o O o a o O a o bl a - k3 o ^ a < < ^ ^ ^ ^ o o -a o o o -a o o -l3 -a 1 * ;s ■s: :^ a o •T3 M O! g 3 =« Q ^ fa O 3 TO O t-, !S •a « iz; CO a T3 fe fe "3 1-5 O (U a o -*^ a -a o u a a- ^ S ;z; a o b t> a ^ O . a ^ i 11 s C3 CO 3 o o O 3 &:. a & - -a >. c! 3 '^ M >'^ 3C» CO o <=3 O O a 3 o is' o a" o ^ ^ -S I o O o -a CJ K J3 :S ►J a o « s C3 a 0 d O •a o s I •a 0) a o o "o ta -a a si =« t3 a < 6 O a p. 3 CO a ci 3 o P^ to CO CO °3 a o 6^ Po >i-a B ^ ^ ra S > P ^ CJ 3 a C3 bS 3 > b; oi o -a o -a o ■a o o o 'a ^ ^d o O -a o •a o -a o -a o ■a o ■a o ■a o -a o -a o -a o o -a o o ■a o T3 O -a o O •a o o ■a n3 o 13 o -a o -a o -a o -a o o ■a -a o •a o CO ^_, rri CO O o Tl (N (N •^ oo CO OO »— f "^ »o 1-4 lO ,_, »o oo CO o OO -^ O o o 1—1 o 1-H o o o CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM GO CO •-1 o 20 The Bulletin, uouBniuiJar) JO luao jaj ■paag nSjaioj ] JO iuao Jaj lO o CO «-< JO -^uao J9d^ . Ji t o 0] > 13 O a o CO ■a o o 2; :zi o 8 -a s) a C3 Ji PL, O o tsi o a o a tn » ii > O •A o a & o fl o o pa 6 a 3 O o O T3 O O CO •a a a a> > tn . O O ^ T3 fl < i o > -6 fl o B JS s o o o 'C o T3 S O U c .0 *C p O >. u ej S cS J= PL, Q O o T3 >> w o" o bD C 'S a) h4 CO o O >. o o ^-§ p fl o O > o O 3 _fl "3 ^ fl" 2 "3 o o C3 O c 03 O O O si o o =3 fl o 03 P ■a C3 o H p &: o o s u o 3 IS fl - M C3 a PL, fl O U o o °3 fl o bt 3 3 pa c3 o fl .2 6 O c3 ■a u 03 ;§ o O O W. PL, 3 o >-) c" 03 a & o hi fl o a> .I," j; 3 03 o o T3 -O O 13 000 '^ t3 t3 o ■a izi o fl" S "8 03 13 o T3 O 73 O -a o •a •jaqmn_s[ S K ::: § Xao^BJoqBI g g^ g gl The Bulletin. 21 iTi O lo »o »« o o lO »o lO o o o L-:s o »o lO o »o o o lit. o •o CO o o o o o CO - Oi CO Cs Ci CO oo r^ a> »o W3 »o o * * * » • * * O o o oo CO c? CO CO ^ CO o »o CO Tt* c^ « C^ t^ C-1 C5 o QO o o CO o oo (M Ci w oo W3 Ci CO CO *"* '"' »— 1 ^^ ^^ 1—1 »-l 40 »— 1 CO " " 00 CO Ci 1—1 W o 1— 1 CO CO CO oo r^ oo »-H o C5 r^ Cfs o oo 00 '^ oc ^ CO =8 r. o 3 o 3 3 3 O "5 kJ .3 E r°) d S U rt .c; (/J QJ O 03 m .2 ."* 3 O 03 c3 tf o o Xi en © £> o m »8 a 03 O U O S ^. ^ a o 03 O I a o > c3 P O O "8 o -a o § d O O ci o m 03 CQ o Xi m a a> o o 6 O =8 o CO d o a o d u o O o .-a CO o w O 13 O O o u o fa ■© J3 c o ^ (3 p d o •a m fa en «:; «■ fa t2 •a a o e .a o o o o O o 03 CO o! O O o o d 3 Q O :^ o - o "M o;zi o ^ i >. pq O «>J ;z: "a c ;?■ s-d *> 03 O 8 a d o o O U <.) ( ) E > S >» ■8 •4-3 '^S -»d ci (» P "S 2 a o 6 o 03 n CO •3 ^ O o 13 O •3 O -3 O o •a o o -a o U >> a -^ P3 Q H H O t— * 1-2 o o CO z o s o M O k:3 o U H H I-) *-( P 05 O »— < P3 CO CO fa s o O U> Ul <: p fa o fa fa O CO & 03 Pi 9 P5 < •noT^jBniuiJaf) JO ?U80 J3o N CO \n o OO tr^ ^ ir^ Ci oo oo lO CO r-. 03 lO CO U3 •paag 9jnj JO inao jaj Q 0 a 03 0 /, k> •c fa c-a rt '^ fff ^ 3 "0 C3 s o O a < o. ; c«'-' Mg CCQ .2 a a o -r a O O •a ii" o s ? ■> 6 O >> o .2 o a" o a O O u I ^ =8 C3 fa C3 -a a o M d S Hi H^ O o O ,a C3 J2 « M O a 2 a "o u a o a a fa •aO a . =5Z >^ o-a O b & o O =3 a O Pi CO (§ s o 03 n o z' 3 J3 03 O U o •a > •a a o a .a o s a o 03 -a o o o -a o ■a o o •a -a o -a o ■a 3 CO a ',5 a o a o o O (A > •3 3 Eh 3 . >.-3 fe'K O izi a O ii ^ I o a o > U a P d O >> a v o O •a u W o O .a hJ ^ &: J p; s -5 o -a o -a o -a o o -a -a o -a M •jaqoini^ ^ao:(BaoqB']; ' o It: . o Q " o o o -a -a o -a o •a a o u bO O o ■a o o •a -a o o -a -a o •a o -a o ■a o o -a -a o o ■a -a S CO — < ^ t^ CO CO i— ' O — < The Bulletin. 23 »n oo o lO o »o lO lo o o o o lO »c io iC L-^ o o o IC o •o »o o- ' * CO CO o CO c^ ■^ o o t^ r^ lO -^ ^H o C5 c^ CO o ^^ CO '^ CO * * C5 * » CO * * r s? ;?■ r r * ?• * *■■ i'-- ^ s^ s^ « r « * «-l t^ 1-H l-H l-H ^ C^ 1— o 1-^ ^H ^^ o 03 w c3 > C O a o o o Eh G g O 3 ;3 o c3 n 3 J3 .- c^ ^ ^ CJ ai ^' S ^ &H- c o c 03 M m o 3 «a s m ^ ^«* .2 1 ^ S c o O .2 ^- I £ d CO >i ^ = O o O c3 a o w o o o O S c3 P4 K a o ►4 o o 03 Q o ^ Iz; o o % 6 O =8 O — o a o O o o =8 5= c3 o o o ■d C3 oa o CO »8 o a "o fQ ■a a o tf 03 M o O O fl o 1 la ►5 a T a a ® oEh o 03—- PQ o fl.2 03 3 O c" 03 fl o s C3 a >> 03 w 0) -d O o d m <«! a C3 S *c o o - o a" o 3 m o 61 CO d o _o rt H W o O c3 & 03 w a o a o O o o «8 o a a o o O «8 o > (S Q "as o A. P d a o o ■X3 a ■2 "3 »8 1-5 3 O 6 O CO 03 > a o a' o CO bt 03 > 03 CO 03 > > fl a Q 6 O •d 03 > C o £ -d w a 03 •8 •rt t3 o o u n fe ^ — '3 O o -a o ■d o ■d o -d o -d o p o !z; d O > V O o ID »3 03 03 O O 'd 'd H s 3 eg 00 a> O > o o z f^ CO O o o O o o o o O o O O o o o o o O o o T! K -3 ^. ■^ O ^ y ■rf" 1 W N J3 C5 ■«»' CO CO Q H H C/J C^ u> S5 O <: rt o t3 H H ^ <— « & o U *— 1 tf CO ^ o o t3 C/J < •paag uSiajoj JO ?aoo aaj: JO '^uao jaj •paag sjnj JO ?U80 wj O CO H K H O s 5 Pi Q "3 o . « 5 -ax O sj s o -a c o E c o CO »8 -d c o - - oo ■^ ^ 10 CO ■<*1 '^ CI (M '-' oo ^ CO CO CO ■^ t^ '^ cs CO *— 1 0 •^ ' •^ 00 -* iO r t^ t^ CI CO CO CQ c^ CO GO (M 0 r* C-l 0 Oi ,—, 00 *->• ^H CO CO y—t o w CI c^ c^ '* CJ •^ ■^ 05 C*5 0:1 0 c^ 0 en 00 (M CO 10 0 iO CO ,_, CO (M »ra O W OO 0 00 ft CO 0 »o 0 CO Cs s O ■3 c: 3 O s c pa >. o a a C3 U ■♦^ 0 ■•J .a d s PM ^ o 3 > (3 -r. O o o o s o" o o O _>. "a « I. 1-, 03 o >; « I .i .2 ^ 05 C3 CO fc- o o o O O c I O 3 O « .S 3 H :i e 03 OS S u a> W ^ & o O T3 O ■XI o -13 o O T3 o a: ■< a O o o o 0000 -O -tJ 13 -13 o O a §•0 is ^CO a ' .2§ o -^ P a fe c o ■i S pa 6 O o> -c <:-« OHO o T3 O o •a o o o 6 U < I .a fc; 03 O a o d 03 o o PM bO O o 03 P4 0 03 0 0 tf U OS 0 1 t£ bD ^ -« fl 13 01 0. cil K 3 w c CO 3 o PL| O o 3 03 bO O o o -d pa 03 > ■6 a o o U o bC o o pa ^ w 3" o bO .2 *S 3 03 d ^ ^ -d tT 3 n 0 0 y Fi J3 n 0 rt p:3 3 m 0 3 C/J 0 <« aj (U -a 1 CO ^ Z o S o o o ^ < o o o ■a iCjo^BJoq^i M *-» CO o Oa CO t-« en rt 00 -H (M CO o» iO eq Od O (M CO ^H ^H O CO CSI •V a o £ o s d O > c o 2 ~ c 1-5 « <; cS > -o 7 c O o O c a ^ > 2d c PU . o '^■'^ *i §i Si = o -a Si Ox 0) > mC « o T3 O r o 6 a o O O o <1 -3 § 1 < ■u -c .-^ • ;-o ;-e o , ■ e 1 a ! s ; iiii ia : I"e J'^ ie '• :g :S ;o I n o o o O o c o ^3 < o -a -a T3 -3 ' w "C t: o O 6 O <; s w o I? O «8 O 3 o a >. s c o CO fo o rr » S c U a o o O e 1-1 O O •2 2 3 o CM X O n CC ^ ■*:> £ <«3 j/j u o o o Ph a ^ 01 bl) if a o Q H^l o o "x 03 o u pq d 03 s T3 O i i o o o o O -3 o o o -a -3 t3 o o T3 -a o o O -3 o -3 I 26 The Bulletin, •noiiBuiuijaQ CO 1^ oo OS 1-^ oo 52 05 c^ 00 CO g cs 1^ 1^ 1--* oo c: c» oo s JO :»uao aa J « « * * * # « C-J 1 CO o> ■paag nSwjo^j CS J ■* ■* JO luao J9ti »-« ; Ph ' P o J o 00 H O •j&^'jBi^ Ijanj -^ 1 to co_ JO *nao Jaj (M j (M oj di 1 1— ( 22 J £: CO •paag gjnj; CS J 03 T-H >< JO ;uao ja ■S 0 o c . 2 d 4 B 2 c 1 J 1 ^ - o . 1 " a a O 2;z T3i ; d i !?' ' a - : 2 ' C3 2 o •e a a . 1 k SAMPLE 12— CONTII tf c3 (^ 3 -a 2 « W •5 2 H 1 6 ^ c:= c §2 .So P 1 c O CO 2 c5 1 ^1 i « ^^ 0 C 2 a _C c 1 0 4 0 0. c s t» " ^ -. ►-5 I— tf « K s X C C fe <: ; '^ (t < Q H d M O ;z: • 1 • « O ^ ^ ^ e . c g & H •w -a ^ > _fl c c ! cd DF AGRICULT GUST 31, 1911, si 1 p 1 "o 1 1 c C c 'I 1 J § S i a i c ^ c. > C 1 1 -o 13 i S 1 o ; u 1 M 1 .s c 1 1 S° C c 1 i £ 1 £ ►£ o z h C G s 1 h^ (T z c C c > c o M i. -S pa C "7^ C d o c o Ph •s ? " I o " -^ -^ £ ec -z' -^ & "C o 02 H 02 C C c o p % •- C i ^ s CO H H "o . fe is x-x ,^ ^^ O ■» (U 1 ^ 1 ^ I hH o § '§'« r ►^t -*s ■e .•c :« -«: -c O |0 ;0 ,o O O $. 1 ; ; s c ! c 5 C c j c c d c c c c c c c d d c c n 1 * T 1 -fe -^ ^C "X ■a ■a -o -s -c T "X Ti -0 -a "C •a «<; ■< i 1 1 ' ] H ' o 1 J 1 t \ I I •jaqmnfy[ s s ; S CO Cv ■ ? CO ) 05 ■^ C5 O Cs CO CO -v oc oc kO CO oc 1^ o Xao^BJoq'B^ c: 1 Cs CO c^ c^ Cs c^ cs s CO cs CO C^l CM C^i cc CN cs c- The Bulletin. 27 U5 iO o o »o o o o li^ lO o o O c:> *o o o IL-O o o o lO ir> o >o Ci CO .^ _ o o t^ lO iO oo (M *^ CO CO ■§ •a od « 8 3 O CO O 3 w O « o O ■a O 3 O CC 0) 3 o O p. p. 3 M s o 3 O O d U -a 3 O 3 O o > m .3 hJ W O -a 03 > d o m < fa O 3 o 3 o O o o o 3 o : tf o Is d O 3 O CO «8 O o S 3 h^ o o o 3 o -M tn o d O 3 O o %6 o bC-2 3 -••' fa ;z; > O u u izi o 3 ;z; _ar i~> > O C3 ■«! o o 3 n 3 O o m t^ 3 cf J3 K >2. a O > o tf fa t" o «■ O o o o o o 0 o o ■*^ ^ o r o " 0 o o o 0 0) Tl 13 -0 -^ -o •a -z •r T -♦-» •rt T •r T -3 >> X rt ^ CO H V •g u 1 s ^ ^ ^°. ^ 1 3 ! ;g o 1^^ '- ^^ '-^ T u ' o I'O -a CJ '^ ■w ■« u ' '3 e il? C3 ■< e e o S ' ;S o C-) 00 05 Ci 1 3 3 3 s 3 O ; '. g ? c ? '^ S s I e o I'W ■« 'IS e -e '^ C 1 s Ife ^ ■^ ^ U S : 1 •■7* ^ ' ^ ^ o T3 o o -a a -a o o 13 o o o -a OS o o •a o o -S -T3 O o -a o -a o o o o ■X3 o 13 »0 »0 --H -| a c a O O o « •nonBuiuijao JO jaao J9(i •paag uSwJoj JO ^uao Jaj >o o iO o o — kO o to ^H o JO iuoo jaj •paag 3jnj JO !>aao a8<£ *— I C3 Q »— t p 5 w g c « F tf >J » ft- P-. .0 2 ^^ - CO «) , Q ^ — ^B ij ^ < z. tf 2 3 H H - J s 3 2 S 0 . g 0- CO Q 0 H 4) < m ■« 0 ti w <: ^ Q z ©■g Z2 w o c o _c O ffi o P5 O IS £ 2 3 P O 3 .0 CO o u cii ^ O ci C3 > C C s c o CO «8 d O 2 bD C .a K S S o C3 CQ I a S : o Q U a -2 -S o O •a e O a o O o o a M ^; 0 j3 m s. c3 >- 0 ■*^ SI. •n 0 ^ ^ tn W Is «3 o -a o ■a o o -S 13 o o -a CU O i d I 8 «^ S :2 I o . _: ^ £ -o "3 U a 2 S 3 o ■a Odd ^ z z o > a m 0 bll ■« Ci ^ ^ 0 ^ 0 &: u 0 j:- U 0 p 73 0 0 5 s O bO a S o C3 1-1 6 O •8 >. •a C3 O o K O PS .2 ."S TJ ^^ J3 'm H pq 01 Ci CO o «3 o o -0 el O -a « ^ ^ o o a "a 0000 -a -a -o -a o o ■a -a o •a to T3 □ CO o C/3 •jaqtunf^ XiO'i'BioqTS'-i > a .2 . J3 c3 o CQ ^ U >> 15 a "a a ffl rh M CQ a 03 ja O o 3 o o .a o o d U "3 O IS 6 ■> S o J3 d lis ^ -3 ^ o 6 W i-J 6 &: a o W «8 s> a CO 3 O o PL| O 2 ^ d - a < o —. -n ^ ^ CO TO O la 3 O CQ C3 J3 3 dO li II a a o .♦^ 13 O 03 i ^ l-S 1-9 1=4 O 03 o en o I d O bO 3 O O bO a la . fern J3 o Is' « m O o .a o 03 .a 3 d O tf ^J c3 XI «- O o Xi m a> ■a 03 d O «8 a o o O O o a d O ■§ PLi m d ^ p:^ p=; o 3 o a o c3 O bJo •S « -c o O B o m a 13 ^ -s 6 o a pq a o >« o a .s s "o « 1 0 C. S. Bront, Lexington, Ky Hardin, Hamilton & Lewman, Louisville, Ky. ....do..... D. Landreth Seed Co.. Bristol, Pa.. d ■6 a i s a 1 eg iz; _c C Union Seed Co., Bristol, Tenn T. W. Wood & Sons. Richmond. Va _c ■§' -g c _c c c a c 'u a > e a ■ S c C d d c i 0 ; c 3 E- H > c 3 t: c d c 1 "C > c 3 -I 1 c > d c 3 13 T 1 1 1 ^ 1 T > c 3 T > _c 1 . :§ ) a -z i p^ 1 T ;-? < s IS is ig ' c 1 T (U 1 ;S 1 e 1 Ci CO kO "^ "O oo O i-H CO ■^ ^ rn o W4 -»1 <: a; o 3 H H ^ P Oi U ^ t-H « CO O h »-< CO CO lO b" kO Jaj lO tj« Ol tH ^^ OJ '"' •"• »-H .— « T-H cn CO r~ c-l oo ca c^ t^ o C5 ___, 'Tj* oo CO id CD CO •J8i^t!J^ ?j3ni C7> lo "5 •o (M CO lo CO CO Irt JO ^uao ja J o CO CO C5 CI fe Ci •J— OS E to i- s -1— o . H _! «> ■ogo ° C3 .Sp •jaqnin^ a $ a O O O a ■| ca 3 o Q i ^ o a T c z t, o pa S •8 f u HH s JS CO £ ^ ja ;2 w a o > e3 W » &: o » <: o U O >> > 1 C9 >> o c 3 rn fa o o en O I d U 3 O n 2 O O O O O d :5 o •o o a o 02 « C5 > a o £ ;2 O O B J3 « 6 H a «H c «8 o c^ o ■3 «8 OS C3 > bA 1 o C3 CQ •-s O c c3 O o > a o a xt « bl bO O O o o o tf XI O o o CO o X3 a « to 5 is O fa o ;2 a o a o s a o •8 bO 03 02 o &: •8 3 O > P -3 >> 1 1 1-5 w H^ a 3 O h-l N H^ > ;z; •a o Z o o Ui t4 8 o d >:. a) 3 C. o o J3 O CO O 1 E 3 s a =8 o O "8 & T1 o o to 3 P X! a) (2 fa a s ij hJ O w "3) 3 t; K ffi « hi o si > 03 ; > ■d 3 13 1 O 3 > H 2 ! XI a X3 pel s a 3 =8 o 02 <>8 n o a & o •a o o o -o -a o 13 o -d a o •d o o o o o o 'd 'd 'd 'd 'd ^ o o o "d 'd 'd o ■d ■^ oo T-l to CM O OO -"^ 03 ca OO •«S* CO -^ *^ TJ* 1-t O ^H .^ ci I^ ►^ -^ W m a n" o — a o o ^ 5 > -^ O P>^ -♦J '.2 o s o o a S o 6 O >. tu u o o »o o o o CC 1-1 T»< •— o o z >, 3 J3 z fl" o O P5 O z o ■i o o "ri Z 2 o -a hj z o 6 6 "n CO 5 w o o C3 6 O n a o ^ 6 d o ■-S c o CO _j d. CO 6 ^ ^ o o J3 bO 3 K ^ ^ 3 « CO '> 03 Q «8 O O o o z m o 3 1^ h4 fl -a o ^ O CO O -2 0 ^ ci Z Z > z .H _2 0 8 0 0 fl w 6 0 > fl 0 d 0 F :s ^ °8 0 ^ 1 Z 0 0 0 Z s IS fl 0 fl 0 -a si 0 o o -a •§ 00000 "^ '^ "73 '^ 'O O 13 O o o 13 o -a t3 o a "^ H fl" o 02 o fl 3 |3i "o o O >, o o 03 ^fl 11 S 2 o m o u fl o 03 V fl fl « 8^ WO 3 o fl" 03 s IS «3 fl o s c3 OS >H Pi 0 w K- - 0 0 z •a 0) fl <» XI o — a ^ c3 (3 O 13 o o -3 o -3 o -3 H O 3 «3 ^ fl O o 3 o o 13 o -3 10 s 0 0 0 0 2 0 CO C3 > -d" fl o S J3 (-1 '^ fl o CO =8 0) bD cj > c3 C ■3 IM »-» rl* CO 10 t^ »-i O r-t CO CO -^ 32 The Bulletin, § 03 o H O H ■UOHBUIUJJaQ •paag uSiajoj c o o rt .I ■* JO ^uao jaj; ■paog ajn J JO %uaQ ja ^H »0 »— < •^ cr> 1-^ PO ■* w CO c^ -^ 1-1 CO C5 CO CO CJ r^ in CO fT*. . J3 u a Ph W ■a a w o a 3 o o O bD a . 03^5 j<: - 3 O 03 O 2 ifl 5 O «3 3 Eh 6^ 3 * A; a - O 'fe'E .w O o bO O ^. :z ^ ^ 03 r1 3 s a> ^ «8 3 n is W o CO X 02 <1> m u «! « o 02 H 03 H O H & o o . -I a a ;2 ■o a o a J3 o s a o 03 •8 o bO > 03 02 PS :?■ a a H « a o a u S o o U •« 1 a> :s o O -a o -a o -a 2 ^ o o o •3 -a o •a o o -a o •a o o -a -a c •a o -a o o -a -a o ■a o -a o o ■a -a o -a o •a o -a o ■a o •a o •a o •a •jaqtnn{^ ^JO^BJOq'B'J -. rt o CO ^H O —I The Bulletin, 33 > o 2i ^ 6 O •a m o o O o X O jr tl O o Ph g" ^ tSl o CO >-3 o a o 3 o o o o w -^ 03 u 3 Q .S a m >. ffi a 3 o o -3 3 u o XI O a o to c3 O o »o o CO o o H^i -< o M &^ W C3 -a § O t. Wl C3 a f^ 2 o o C JO q *i •S g o d ^ IS .3 ^ « ^ -s ~ C3 S > c3 J3 .a o pa o 3 a 03Q o !>; li c3 3CC X5 m o d U «8 to •*J ;2 a o a o ■a pa o -13 «1 9 o .a '-2 a a" o CO =3 o a "o pa > ^ a o a o Pi -a C3 pq =3 a O pa C3 > -a a o a a o CO "3 -d o o b« a o O o T3 O -a o o -a -a o "3 O o O o -d o -d o -d o -d o -d o -d o ■d o ■d o < w o ■d o -d o -d o •d OS Tl a d fl? ^ l^ 3 cl) .a o s -^ Tl 03 a a 'as u a bC -»^ t^ rt o « ■d > r1 "? -rt a ii 03 o 2 f4 O -tH — . o pa ^ . & >,^ .■S a b 3 -d a to 0) ^a pace October — 3 34 The Bulletin. CO Q^ o H u w a, m Z ►— t >- tfl Q W H H HH s H » M hJ hJ <; z l-H OT w (M O) s ^- o CO H fa o m H ►J D 03 fa O Oi o CO o •^ o C IN CD r^ c^ c^ (M CJi CO uo ,-< OS CO 1 :)nao jaj o U5 o »o o O lO o U3 O lO CO lo in «5 US Germ isa^Sjij Ol oo U5 a> 00 o C<1 CO OS g »-( C3S C» OS CO CO •inao jaj o oo o o C3 00 00 g 1^ S § pjBpUBJg •spaag paaAV \n\ ^^ > t^SaAKXJ * lO • " • 'C fe *— 1 a a "5 iir ^H -fl r- or CO c*a f^ l-H •^nao jaj u- ■■ ■-»« T^ -^ ^ C5 t^ CO ■«*< ^soqSiJi c- ■^ CN Tf< CO "" O «3 OC t^ o o •}uao jaj o <<;< CO oo aSxuaAy § 1-1 C] Ci § So oo lO cc O s o T) vjnao jaj "^ o 1 2 ^saitto^ «> CO s <» oc ) oo <3» ^ saq3!H 05 • s > 00 Oi o: g C3 crs OS 1 t^ OS ■jnao J3 J 1 <° 1 C > o 30 > CO o 1 ^ i 1 >o ; ^ * CO e^ ) '—I oo * 1 Eh o 1 c 5 O ' >« :i »■ C OC > 3 Q a 5 ^ t. < : « EE ! 1 fc u < a O l-t U s a c fa , Behmuda. , Italian R M ^ z 1 - c 3 o s ^ > > H a ^ en oo s s Tt < ■* J ^ ) P o 2 r c O o O ^ Sl. b L 1 >j & -! ^ ^ »j ^ o c c: K oj PC ff P ) « p: c L. U o O u C u C O The Bulletin. 35 Oi 1 CO OS W3 r^ ID 1-H OO o o o W3 CO «3 CO OS CO OO § OO s 1^ Ci s g o I o o iO to iC CO o lO »^ >o lO o t-H 03 Csl t~ 1— ( C«l CO >o lO >o ira o o o iO CO o OO o lO o O lO 05 CO OO CO o OO C5 C75 03 o C5 o o § e OO s o g o g CO § CO OO ,_, (M lO to OO (N »— t 3 S •^ CO o OO ^H CC •-' OO o o OO CO § o -<*< s 1-H CO CO »— t CO ^^ - en o> Oi C5 c^ XI o > o JO lo CO »o o CO ^^ CO ^H !< C-1 CO ■a • p. rt S 0 < .-3 < z z o 2 < P c 1 ^3 n w ^ <) 1 c K ►J -4 1 t 1£ 1 1 c a Ph h- 1 " fc c > c El - f- < ; 1 m 1 (r I ^ P5 i : i f- B < 6 i t % . ^ 1 t 4 d C 3 a o i 5 *^ 3 C ) p: ; p S P i t- ^ t' - > 36 The Bulletin. Q H H CQ Eh o O - o >o >o t^ (M O r^ lO •uoiiBja^inpv o (M '"' 1—1 M CO }6 laaQ jaj ■♦i a o: 1 i Ci g o b i 2 ^. u ^ i 1 -♦* :: ai > > ; > •4^ 1 1 ; :z; ' c; izi o c >% •^ C d C 15 a; ■*-■ ■ i c C O ;z; ■♦3 a 3 o s T3 ,1 U ;z o C c d c iz; 15 a ■ o B P-I ■1 d 1 *£ 8 c c C c •4J O • 1 o O ■ 6 > a c 1 'fc PC » 8 O B O C a o c J ■E 6 > *> J 1 n ^^ 1 1 6 1 =5 a « M s ■ 1 1 1 5 a t ^ 1 !5 H n CD T3 H •a s ; 8 o i (. t? o. ja += >; .§ C 0- ^ 1 1 O a 0 s •« c 8 1 £ ^ 0. fc. < C 2 1 6 Pu 4 .s c W .^ i H P, M l-l a c P. s w d c 0 C tr o T: c s i-s Eh ^ ^ C 1- IS9 1- ►J w > > >■ [ ^ ^ X * > x > ^ t: . t: :^ si t> T t: ^ >- "C - ^ ■z t: ' c > i 4 3 "^ 2 Q .2 c c - £ > .i £ c c 1 > c c - £ £ c .£ C c c £ c c £ c £ £ c c .£ ■4- £ c ' § > a 1 1 < V r ■« J i t i ^ C - & J (7 c ' 5 g 1^ 1 T * tn > a ^ i a ; ■« «6 J ^ •k ■* i i <« i 2 _a >. T ! -^ ! S > «a i "6 ^ c f 1 1 1 ' c c J > i ■ 'b b ) (S ! > i 0 i a 0 i 1 i J ) ) ) fc : =6 ; 1 > .s j 4 > ^ j & 1 1 i ^ i (^ ; i: 1 & C 1 c ; c j 1 i ^ ■ "c ) pi: 3 ^' o ^ \ ^ ; E- < ►- ; ^ 1 t- 1 t- ; !2 E- < ) ^ I a j >- i t- » E^ fe c 5 1 ; 1 1 t J J J JS H ' ' 1 1 ' [ , , 1^ 3 a) > u t S ^ [ [ 1 I 1 ; ! ! z-s :) J 1 c 3 J 1 I Cs 1 1 ! -T-t 1 - ; ; •SCO 1° : P : B ; P 1 ^ * P . 1 I 1 C 3 5 3 ^ •> 3 0 3 0 2 = 3 c ) C 3 T > c 3 -C ; _C •«1 6 ^ t J ^ 5 B I 4 3 T 3 d 3 T3 o •a M a 5 C ) 1 I. 3 i ^ J ■< i ^ 5 f < > ; ; 1 •jgqran^ T ^ s ^ ) o 3 ^ 1 u* ; £ 5 £ - ■>( H If I S ) e£ ; s 3 m i XjO^BJOqE'J C^ ^ Cv 4 C^ 1 (^ I c 1 c^ 3 ^ 3 C- 1 Cv 1 e^ i C^ ? « c 1 Cv 3 <^ - <> 1 o 1 tr I CM ) CI O Cs J (U J3 ^ T) O h afl fl> "3 o .2 g .£! S . A a C S TS a e n 3 hr .H 3 f r ■^ p: C3 ^ ..J u a ,c © C3 ^ ^ CI o a u 0 a 3 T ■T3 o si F o ci o -M o O 00 a tn « is CQ o t. JC Q. XJ c Bl rr -M ci a> is o C3 4J a a. © a ^ ^ •X". 1 a la o 3 ^ frH 01 a The Bulletin. 37 CO O H O W Ph m I— t >^ ffl Q H O hJ h^ O O i4 03 W 1-1 CO CO p W m w « H a fin CO CO CO P ^3 CO H CO H o o o CO H h:i CO •noncaiOTjaQ o 95.0 86.5 o o 99.5 92.0 05 CO 86.5 86.0 o o o o ■o o CO o Retail Dealer. 1? a o 1 > a s 0 s E 3 i o i i s ^' » : ^ >; ^ o ■ P- (D 1 r ^ ' o =3 : £P w i ^ i 1 ^ ^ CI ^ o O • 0 -13 £ PL, -C i (2 h d i o ; o •a c 6 % ".a ?3 m ^ % ^ 03 o _c '> c c 0 0 ■+J cr C -C c > c I I '; jo i z d : g ; c ^- d -s ■' S - ■ £ 0 bo a ^ c . 0 _g - :=; PJ 1 a Q ^ ^ »^" 'S - "^ 1 § 1 1 g 1 .a i ^ I ^ =8 C 1 -1 ^ ^ § ^. -- 1 H PL, ^ pq K < c ■a d ^ i 03 ^ r c 2 Ji 1 ^ cCi 4. O -c K £ >^' 5 1 d 3 C3 U) ■| §■ d u a) 1 P 5: _C "a Ph c C n 1 1 [ 1 1 1. 1 1 ; ; t ; d c T3 ■X 1 >- 1 E t 1 cc a c PC C c d c > C c £ c cr C a «a •c c 0 c ' 2 1 a 1 c ; •- 1 I c i ^ 1 c 1 c 1 2 1 '5 3. "c ^ PC 1 H; n. c 'x- C "a i: . 1 c C » t c p: ■ c _c. S 'c t- c p c C > (- 0. P 1 0 ■X. o s -§ Kind of Seed. -< « d c 1 _c O d o •v3 T -i c O H T3 a i " o c ^ o o c d 13 •aaqmnf^ oc o en i^ O -H CO CO c CO c cv; o o CO O -H CO CO »-( .— 1 CO CO CO c^ C33 CO CO o CO CO g CO i CO c^ i CO CO g CO CJ> CO 38 The Bulletin. o H O m Q H O w ij hJ o o 1-3 < 02 a, < 03 c« E Q 2 O 2 ^3 fe D Ci O D to o <1 o 'V> — 1 H u< H Z o g s Pi O &< O H hJ w I > s < •noiimjinijaQ JO %ni:) ja J CO ^H o O o ^ o T3 B to B IS o a '% 12 "3 m ei o m "o O a 03 Q H o E? o « O o o U 3 I? o O o J3 o _- o o a o a O 15 S. 6 O =3 iz; J3 ■3 O « M w < c o fan B bO .B H I s -a 3 P d a o o CQ =3 -3 o o & >. C3 o ;z: o o o 2 "o O O -S ^ c Q •S H 1^ c C3 J3 k^ 3 Q aT a o o P3 «8 •a o p S H >. O ti w o o d is' o •z ■a c3 3 -♦J a 3 O bl O CO u ■a a < « •a c3 B S ta o o cS K «8 o O 12; fi" o s o & O "8 o •3 c 03 C3 E O :z: a 3 Q 6 O o o •B 03 C3 O 03 o 02 B 3 C3 02 d U ■3 >. 03 60 JO S C3 O d O -d o •a o T3 -6 a o s J3 a o to •3 T) O o « .2 d "E C3 J3 o d o 03 a ■a la d O n m o -3 O o -0 o -a o o -a ^ ^ -8 o o o 13 < n < Q d O o o ■a o o o o ■a o o o -a -a o o •a -a o o •a -a C^ -H t^ 1^ f-H lO O ^H r-« O — 1 -H OS CC CO CO CO The Bulletin. 39 Ui lO O o iC lO »n iC o o iO lO o c o CO o o o i^ >o o o lO lO •o lO lO Ol to »f:i lO CO CI r^ <-> oo ->o .— < ec CO o •^ CO M" ITS CO oo o CO o »o t^ C?i CO t^ CO CO Oi lO o o o oo oo r^ s-- 00 » 00 00 12; o "o O p X! a o -!3 o •z < < 1^ O -a ui o o CI o O 6 O a 3 O d o CO -J- 2; a d o o O o to 3 a fe n d U o o o -a C3 h-l O o Xi 03 d O a:; J3 S S: PQ «3 15 Q P -^ = 3 o O O I? o o d !5 'z i a 0/ ^ . C3 s d PLI *" 3 8 I o « -3 J3 S , — ^ K -r- o ci > o ^ s >, fa d 3 03 O C3 tn o T3 O C3 Ph S .3 d o d CO ^ O o 2 c« ^ ^ < ^ H :- ^ ^ 3 cj Ph 02 d O =3 >> ci o o ■z o ci r fa o O ai bO .a a C3 O 6 O T3 CJ O) 02 Pi o 15 o a o a O 5 1-1 pq o hJ hJ 1^ ^ c o a a o cc »3 o o o -a o T3 O o -a o o o -a o o o o o o o o -d la o - o tfi ira o o o lO lO ■n o o in U5 U5 o o o lo 8 •uonEnnmao s Oi o oo co 05 § QO 1-- CO >o CO CX) § § s s CO s JO ^uao J3J O w 1 1 a, 1 , OD 1 1 2: [ ] (— I ' ] >H ; ; « o ; d 1 Q O :z 6 :? I P. '^. 6 o o IZ _a 1 o o iz; tn 9 . ^ i M 1 i 1 p 1 s o 1 O 4 'c 2 o 1 a o 1 ^ II 2 1 c a o < d J o 1 ^ ^ 1 ^ ^- 1 il 3 M ■« ^ .9 o a -^ ^ •§ ,3 i ^ i A ^ 1 0 ^ ■ s 03 Eh O i ^ 1 ci 1 J o ^ .a ^ ^. iilJ ^- ^ "2 g 1 s i 1 « ^ w ^ ►-» -g w > ^ ^ >^ i 1 ^ (2 c c i 0 ' H- CJ ii o s _o 8 1 "c ■g IS ■ J s 6 0 1 _c 1 1 T3 1 el "o j3 12 p (X 1 IS la p ^ <5 c • a. 0 C ■ o a c c 1 £ 0 a c C > 0 - C ■. a 0 1 1 c ; '^ ! -s c - ft 0 1 ■ c C > t- z. ■> ^ s ^ c & 4 h-^ ff ?: c • -§ ^ s S c c -i ^ & p h^ ►7 E- I ^ ^ c HH H < 2; HH Pj H O •^ Cc< M o «vH 02 O h4 3 05 a ! (I 1 & ■ c. 1 > t 1 c 1 c c ) c c C c _c c _c c _c c c c o ' 'Z T "^ ) t: '^ T "^Z t: ! 3 ' X "^ t: pq c ) ; w 1- • ^^\f%rTtV\ WT I> cv t-- OC ^ < c^ ir ir -< 1? c a CC oc •5 i^ ^ JtfCJUlIl^ C' > c i ir oc ) w a 1 c^ oc a a ■* ir cy tc C7 CC o: ^jo^BaaqBT; o- ; ^ cv . ? c^ o- c^ c^ P o — CO c t c^ c^ ^ cr cv « The Bulletin. 41 o oo O a o 3 "3 < O s" J3 bD a u O E-i O izi ■6 o o £3 O O 6 O =a m O O M o J3 o Eh O u o o o -s ^ o o a o m s H o d hfl =a 03 « I >1 oi o m 3 w ■J2 a 3 P 6 O o CO 03 1-5 o -a C3 Ph 6 O -a a c3 P 3 03 PL, CO 6 O °3 >> 03 03 > fl O a .fl o c3 K .2 o bO 03 o o fl n o O <*i •a >- -a fl o tH o 03 ^ pq -a ^J &: ^5^ h4 H ^ -fl 6 U 3 PP Xi O Pi P 6 O =3 fi* o 13 C3 PL, P3 6 O j3 -a fl 03 3 03 pLi CO 6 O >> c3 >H bl) ;2 'C Xi a C3 u P d a I o -a o -a o -a o ■a o -a o •a o "3 09 O H a a) 03 P5 pq =3 o •a o -a o -a P h5 .a fl 3 p 6 O -a o o Jfl M C3 1^ c3 PQ 6 O m J3 -a fl C3 03 > ■a" fl o S J3 u 2 fl o CO -a o I o -a o •a o •a o -a o -a o T3 o ■a o o o -a -a o o -a -a CJ *-l »H CO T-^ C^ 05 o oo O CM '-t o •a -H o CO c':) rt o o -a o -a t^ to O —c CO CO 42 The Bulletin. w PJ O H U W Cl, !-n Z H- 1 >^ fQ Q W H U W hJ J o u J J -tl z I— 1 r« W u n p^ H t«H <»^ ^ m H ?, Cl O eq 9 W3 ! Q Ci W W ^ m e^ W H J «} PQ hJ «»; O H ^J H < o o fa - o o rrt . 0 CO ^ & ^ o o r/1 s H y •« rt H u< H Z O H < iz: HH S « W o fe o CO H J P t/j •□onemuijao i g g § g jo'jaaojad: 33 O P o 02 S o O ;z < o a % i '^ I u o Is o bn t-> U o o n J3 !S g T-i *C H •8 c3 a o o .a (A d O a; :zi 1^ s O ^4 d s ^- o o P3 o ^ .2 13 S & is o X> m "o o a OS P CO o O U 3 « 03 D P ^ O tM ^ J3 H 0) ja a ca .a U) W 3 C3 O 2 O o o o O c o & O c3 o « ^ r3 O a S I I >, S 5 i2 ;2 0) m d o o o ■a OS c3 J3 pq ai i-i PJ W ^ ^ pi >-5 c3 > a o G J3 S o c» o I (U p d O •a >> u u o o •a c3 Ph P3 d O to ■d ci ^-1 o H P K o z o 5 o 3 ca PL, o U oj i4 03 P. Q. la P-( d O o tD 03 O 15 O 6 O ca a t~> ca pa 3 PI O c3 !> C o a .a T3 c3 pq e3 Ph .a P3 d O h4 o -a P P o -a o o ■a o -a Ph o u a o 13 O d O 02 u 03 C O o -a ;?; E 03 o 6 O P3 C8 a o o s pq c o 02 =3 o 03 o -a o o -a o -a o -a o o •a 13 o U 3 PQ PU O ■a ■jsqtnn^ Xjo'^BJoqB'j to -^ cq CO r^ CO CO CD ^ o -H o '-H o en t^ *-H O O tH rt t^ ^H C^ ^H ^H O <-« ^H t^ CO »-H 1-H »-H i-H CO CO O "H ^ The Bulletin. 43 o lO •ra o o O « o o lo o lO o lO •n o « "? o o o >o o lo «o o 1 , ,_, »o o lO crs CTj CI CO 05 CO r/^ ■^ 00 OS CO M< lO o -ai C<1 00 o CO •o U5 "5 CO C«3 CO lo QO OS o t^ CO r^ 00 Oi o ^i cs o o a 3 o :g 6 O "3 m o Q 5 ^ 6 O O ;zi d o a o o o o CO 3 "o O a Q ^" ^ a o 6 O o cj H 6 O O o US 6 O O d o C3 H. O H S Q P S =S ^ CQ 02 rt ^ « o ^ 6 i ^ n o .2 -S 3 a o T3. O U cj o o ■a d O U a ■a H O 2 m o o CO "o a d Q o E-i O O a o O 6 O PL, o O o c3 o o ^' CJ o 2i -3 O 3 S ^ .a JT O H -S o o O O y bo D Q W IS o o J3 03 pq ,„- ^ -a o OJ ^^ ^ &: ^ M H c3 o d o -a d 5 O a 3 cS CO c" o bO d I a 01 a J tf , 03 03 3 -d — 2 PM d O 3 pq o O O o -d o -d o -d o •d o -d rt Q .S 2 "a; "d 2 PLi 6 O 3 PQ J3 O P5 (2 ^' o 2 a 03 o d a CO pq o o T3 -d O O -d -d o -d o -d K Q 'A o -d o -d o -d o -d o ■d o ■d o -d o -d o -d < < n < H P O o •d z CO o s ^^^^^OOi-H lO CO 1—1 O O i-H l-H 44 The Bulletin. o H O Ph CO « Q o o L .1 4 . OO »0 o o o r-5 O I-- S T3 01 CO a c o O 15 o "o O a Q H o tu u O o o o n" o a 8 pi o -a PM 2 6 U 3 .a o P5 03 fa K .2 ^ I r fa o O 6 d a « &: 3 fa O p:j o •a p Of CO O o o -3 1^ Z a 3 P o a o o H ■« -3 o o 'f- >.. -3 S3 (U o a 3 O o O «3 fl 2 3 O •3 o :?; B o CQ d p: c a £ o W o O •3 fa O a o o O CI C3 s U C3 S o < 6 U o z' c o ^ ^ o =3 1-5 -£ n o -3 is o fa -3 d 3 S3 02 o a o ■S »3 c3 s O : ^ ja bO IS d u E C3 J3 bO a a "a PP PJ O u d d g 2 _- :z; ^ -3 Q o O d O o XI C3 Eh O o =3 to Q ja 1^ £h a K to fl o -3 O ■3 O "3 O •3 fl 3 0 d O •3 £> O CQ O J3 CO 0) C3 O ■3 O •3 1^ "m Z C3 fa n 6 O CO J3 ■3 fl fa d U «3 CQ o -3 O -3 •3 -3 O -3 O ■3 O ■3 O -3 O O -3 -^ O •3 C ■3 •aaquirifj « O rt CO o ^t •—< CN ^~^ '■^' ^^ ^H .-i ^H O ^H O ^H ^H ^H ^H O The Bulletin. 45 >ra •ra •o lO o in tn O o o O lO US lO o o W5 o u^ o- o o to o lO o CO c; r~ CO I^ r^ (TO °S o > C3 ^ CQ a W O a o a .a o 1-5 izi .2 o 'z a o -♦J ao o O C3 <■ fe ^ o •z a o -^ a £ O o C3 H 6 O ^- P H o c3 a O c 3 O O j? o c o O o d O -- '^ o o O •z s o 3 p ^ rt 3 P 6 O -a g -73 J d o o o tS3 O ^- d o o 3 O 03 -a PQ a si a o w CO O •z ^ o O •8 n O o o O ■o S iz; o o O m ■■a I o :z; o d o ^ ^ o m "2 o a a si P o O ui 3 2 w »;: g •z > a a a 3 O > s o •z o m o O M 3 o £ W P9 d o Is c o C 03 6 O ■g y m H m 3 O o o 13 o o C3 3 O s J3 O =3 o T3 -d o E "3 P3 c o =3 o a .3 '_3) o PQ c3 -d '^ P-( d O 3 P3 o o o •d o T3 O o ■d o o 73 z « Eh O o o Pi PQ c Cj S o U ■=3 c 3 P d D^ c3 PL, pq d O 03 J3 O O d O J3 s o d CS c o o o ■d -d o •d *-i (M C> O OO -^ oo ■«?< -^ O « -H -d -fj CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. I I I ! I I ace at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter, S ::: § ' 7, 1901, under act of June 6, 1300. o o o CO CO CO 46 The Bulletin. CO O Eh O CO I— I m Q H O 1^ o o hJ < CO CO CO CO .H pa O CO O & o fe -" O S CO "H « CO o< to S ^ 2 o p— I Eh <; ^; w o fa o CO H 1=) CO W Eh •nontJuinijaQ a o o to a a S a pa o =3 iz; >. g tr ^ 3 Q M CO ►^ Pti ^ o a o 1^ 6 O tc a u O -s ±? cS CO a O Q HJ W .a >> o a a> a w s I PQ is' c o S O O o O 03 o O O I c o en o ■a c < o XI tn "o O O o PQ "3 13 o d U bO 3 ffi ^ O M :2 a o a S a o CO o PQ o o o bo C3 ^u IS o 6 U a o p a CO H O H fa o a o bD a CO o bH 't^ o ja -*^ W ■ti 2 :2 bO 13 XI 3 n a M eJ o O o O - U ■n o O CO V, CO ^ o (1) •*^ C/J 0 CO a Pi o i-J r^ o •73 O -a o -a o ■3 o •73 O -3 O -a o ■a o •jaquinfj CO ^H O ^H lO cvi rf t^ rp -H O — ' O cj > o XI C3 ■53 3 O c o 3 .a c3 3 ■a -3 o 55 s A O fO n & <^-t CO o s 0. X F 'd t- rn a o a o m T3 c n 3 fa !?i J3 c C3 o 41 bll > b 0 t- a .2 rt •a VJ 05 -.:> •c hfl C3 -J t/j 1 & B 0 H o O PQZ / The Bulletin. 47 TABLE v.— SHOWING NUMBER AND AVERAGE PER CENT OF GERMINATION OF VEGE- TABLE SEED SAMPLES TESTED, ACCORDING TO WHOLESALE DEALERS. Wholesale Dealer. W. W. Barnard Co.. Chicago, 111 J. Bolgiano & Son, Baltimore, Md Robert Buist Co., Philadelphia, Pa.-_ Crosman Bros., Rochester, N. Y Diggs & Beadles, Richmond, Va D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit, Mich Lake Shore Seed Co., Dunkirk, N. Y. D. Landreth Seed Co., Bristol, Pa Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111 L. L. May & Co., St. Paul, Minn J. B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridge, N. Y T. W. Wood & Sons, Richmond, Va... Sd" °fG"mi- nation. 9 79.44 3 64.83 31 71.53 1 84.00 1 96.00 53 80.31 24 73.77 30 68.83 4 47.00 12 47.54 18 86.67 26 79.52 FARMERS SHOULD DEMAND GOOD SEED. The greatest factor in bringing about an improvement in the qua^'+v of seed placed upon our market is the demand of our farmers ^ seed, and then for them to be sure that li'il 0 _C C C 0 C O t— 1 p s •^ — -:: T 'C -o P4 0 o Eh 1 •5 ^ •jaqmnfj; CO Cl o cs 1— * O t-H U5 CO oo o 1^ CO CO Ajcxj'BJoq'B'j r; « CO CO o CO CO o CO CO CO g THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RALEIGH Volume 33--N0. 11. NOVEMBER, 1912. Whole No. 176 rsRARY \NICAL «DBN STOCK FEEDS SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the PostofEce at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter, February 7, 1901, vmder act of June 6, 190J. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Graham. Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter Fairfield First District. K. W. Barnes _ Lucama ..Second District. R. L. WooDARD Pamlico ..Third District. I. H. Kearnev Franklinton Fourth District. R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McCallum Red Springs ...Sixth District. J. P. McRae . Laurinburg Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale... Eighth District. W. J. Shuford Hickory Ninth District. A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner. ELIAS CARR ..Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. PESCUD .Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn Bulletin Clerk. B. VV. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. Pickel - Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood.. Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley Assistant Chemist. E. L. WoRTHEN Soil Investigations. •W E. Hearn Soil Survey. W. H. Strowd Assistant Chemist. J. Q. Jackso.n Assistant Chemist. J. K. Pldmmer Soil Chemist. S. O. Perkins Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch Clerk. F. S. PucKETT Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum. T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jb Entomologist. C. L. Metcalf Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp ...Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN.... Veterinarian. B. B. Flowe ---Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. EATON.... .Dairyman. A. M. Flanery .Assistant Dairyman. W. N. HUTT Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw ...Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray Assistant Director of Farmers' Institutes. W. M. ALLEN... Pure Food Chemist. E. W. Thornton '. Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN -- .Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen... Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS Agronomist. G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist. tE. G. MOSS Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tE. H. Matheson Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. fC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. CoLLETT, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. 'Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. tAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States DepartmeTit of Agriculture. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Hon. W. a. Graham, October 15, 1912. Commissioner of Agricultvre. Sir: — I submit herewith manuscript covering the inspection and analysis of concentrated stock feeds during the past year. I recommend its publication as the November Bulletin. Very respectfully, B. W. KiLGORE, Approved for printing : State .Chemist. W. A. Graham, Commissioner. I CONTENTS PAGE Samples of commercial feeds analyzed 5 Requirements of the State feed law 5 Definitions 7 Hearings 9 Results of the enforcement of the feed law 9 Purchasing feeds 10 Digestion coefficients of commercial feeds 11 The chemistry of feeds 11 Protein 11 Fats 12 Crude fiber 12 Moisture 12 Ash 12 Nitrogen-free extract 12 Carbohydrates 12 Microscopic analysis of feeds 13 Description and composition of the by-products used for feed 13 Wheat products 13 Rye products 14 Corn products 14 Oat products 16 Rice products 17 Dried beet pulp 17 Molasses feeds 17 Alfalfa feeds 18 Cotton-seed feeds 18 Linseed meal 18 Peanut meal 19 Brewery and distillery by-products 19 Special mixed feeds 19 Poultry feeds 19 Miscellaneous mixed feeds 20 Salt in feeds 20 Adulterants 20 Analyses of feed adulterants 20 Analyses of samples of feeds, season 1912 21 Wheat bran and mixed brans 22 Middlings or shorts 26 Bran and shorts 32 Shipstuff 34 Rye feeds 38 Corn chops and corn and oat feeds 38 Rice feeds 40 Alfalfa feeds (including molasses feeds containing alfalfa) 40 Molasses feeds 48 Dried beet pulp 50 Cotton-seed feeds -^l Gluten feeds ^2 Cracked corn ^4 Special mixed feeds 56 Poultry feeds 58 Miscellaneous mixed feeds 64 Leaf tobacco sales for October, 1912 71 COMMERCIAL FEEDS By G. M. MacNIDER, Feed Chemist and Microscopist, assisted by E. W. THORNTON, Assistant Chemist. Since the publication of the last Report on Commercial Feeds, 581 samples have been analyzed. The number of samples of each class of feed are as follows: Wheat bran and mixed brans 64 Middlings or shorts 97 Bran and shorts 12 Shipstuff 37 Rye feeds 3 Corn chops and corn and oat feeds 15 Rice Feeds 15 Molasses feeds 24 Alfalfa feeds 87 Beet pulp 6 Cotton-seed feeds 20 Gluten feeds 4 Cracked corn 28 Special mixed feeds 33 Poultry feeds 84 Miscellaneous mixed feeds 52 581 REQUIREMENTS OF THE STATE FEED LAW. The following rulings and regulations adopted by the Board of Agri- culture under authority of Section 9 of the State Feed Law gives the chief points of the law with which every manufacturer must comply before offering feeds for sale in this State, also the rulings and defini- tions which have been adopted for the enforcement of the law. First. All manufacturers, agents, or dealers who propose to sell or offer for sale any commercial feed in this State must apply to the Commissioner of Agriculture for blank forms on which they will be required to register the name or brand of the feed which they propose to sell, their own names and addresses, and also the places where their goods are manufactured: Provided, if a person desiring to so register is not the actual manufacturer, he may be permitted to regi^er and guarantee the product, using the words "manufactured for and guaran- teed by." They must also give the guaranteed analysis of their goods, stating the minimum percentage of protein and fat which they contain and the maximum percentage of crude fiber. They must also register the various ingredients of which their feeds are composed. Second. All feeds must be offered for sale in sacks or packages of uniform capacity, as prescribed in section 1 of the act ; that is, bags or packages must contain 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, or 200 pounds each. Manufacturers or dealers will be required to furnish the analysis tags which must be attached to these sacks or packages. On these tags must 6 The Bulletin. be clearly printed all the essential information given in the registration above, as illustrated below. Said tags must measure not less than 4^ X 2^ inches. Guarantee tags must be printed in plain type with black ink. Rubber stamps will not be recognized on guarantee tags. Third. Three guarantees are required, viz. : the minimum percent- age of crude protein and crude fat and the maximum percentage of crude fiber. In other words, the crude protein and crude fat in a man- ufacturer's goods must not be less than his guarantee, and the fiber must not be above his guarantee. The percentage of carbohydrates may be stated, but this is not required. The names of the ingredients of which the feed is composed must be plainly printed on the tag. Fourth. Definitions have been adopted for a number of feeds. In such cases where a feed or feed material is covered by a definition the feed must correspond within reasonable limits to the definition which has been adopted for it. With all feeds covered by definitions and all other feeds or mixtures of feeds the manufacturer is required to make his own minimum guarantee of protein and fat and his maximum guai'- antee of fiber: Provided, that no mixed feeds will be accej^ted for reg- istration or allowed to be offered for sale in this State that contain less than 10 per cent crude protein, except mixtures of whole or partialis ground grains. Firth. When grain screenings containing weed seeds which have feed- ing value are used in mixed feeds such screenings and seeds must be ground in such manner as to destroy the viability of the seeds. Sixth. It is optional with manufacturers or sellers whether the sack be branded, although that is always desired; but the required items must always be printed on the tag in black-colored ink, but not printed with a rubber stamp. The tax stamp must be affixed to the tag, prefer- ably alongside tlie printed matter, but in case of necessity may be attached to the back of the tag. Seventh. Feeds may be shipped in bulk from one manufacturer direct to another manufacturer who expects to subsequently sack and tag the same; but in this case the shipper, in consideration of this permission, must notify this Department at the time of the shipment of the name and consignee and the tonnage shipped ; otherwise, the whole shipment will be subject to seizure as being untagged and unstamped. Eighth. The principal adulterants employed in the feed trade are oat hulls, barley hulls, rice hulls, corncobs, peanut shells, screenings, corn bran, and cotton-seed Imlls. Some of the above may be found legiti- mately in a feed consequent to the grinding of the whole seed, but when used out of proper proportion or in excess of the amount obtained in grinding the whole seed, or when foreign to the product, or if injurious to the health of domestic animals, will be considered an aduteration. Ninth. If any substance, such as chaff, screenings, damaged, faulty, or unlike seeds or grains or foreign materials be mixed with or added to feeds as an adulterant and not plainly marked on the package con- taining it or in Avhicli it is offered for sale, showing the true composi- tion of the mixture, it will be considered a violation of the law; e. g., if oats be mixed with screenings and shrunken seeds or barley, the proper method of branding would be "Oats and Screenings," "Oats and Bar- ley." The BiLLETiN. 7 Tenth. When wheat bran and screenings are mixed, the mixture shall be branded "Wheat Bran and Screenings," and tlie word "Screen- ings" shall appear in the same size type as the words "Wheat Bran." Eleventh. The sale of poultry and cattle feed which contain poison- ous weed seeds in appreciable quantities, such as corn cockle and jim- son weed (Jamestown weed), are forbidden. Twelfth. When corn bran is mixed with wheat bran, the mixture shall not be branded "Bran," but shall be branded "Mixed Bran," or be sold under a trade name^ and be so registered. Thirteenth. When corn bran is mixed with, wheat bran and wheat middlings, the mixture shall not be branded "Bran and Middlings," or "Bran and Middlings Mixed," but shall be branded "Mixed Feed" or "Feed," or be sold under a trade name, and be so registered. Fourteenth. When corn bran is mixed with wheat middlings, the mixture shall not be branded "Middlings" or "Middlings and Bran," but shall be branded "Mixed Feed" or "Feed," or be sold under some trade name, and be so registered. Fifteenth. No feed shall be registered or allowed on sale in this State under a name that is misleading as to its quality. Sixteenth. The Commissioner shall have the power to require reg- istration annually of any or all commercial feeds sold, offered or exposed for sale in this State. Seventeenth. The Commissioner shall have the power to refuse to allow any manufacturer, importer, jobber, broker, agent, dealer, or any person or persons to lower the registration or guaranteed analysis of his or their product or products during the calendar year, unless satis- factory reasons are presented for making such change or changes. Eighteenth. All cracked corn sold, offered or exposed for sale in this State made from damaged corn shall be branded "Damaged Cracked Corn" or "Cracked Corn Made from Damaged Corn." The following definitions for commercial feeds have been adopted by the Association of Feed Control Officials of the United States. Before these definitions were adopted by this Association the manufacturers affected Avere given hearings and every effort made to make the defini tions accurate and fair. Definitions for products not included in this list will be added as soon as adopted by the Association : DEFINITIONS. Meal is the clean, sound, ground product of the entire grain, cereal, or seed which it purports to represent : Provided, that the following meals, qualified by their descriptive names, are to be known as, viz.: Corn Germ Meal is a product in the manufacture of starch, glucose, and other corn products, and is the germ layer from which a part of the corn oil has been extracted. Linseed Meal is the ground residue after extraction of part of the oil from ground flaxseed. Grits are the hard, flinty portions of Indian corn without hulls and germ. Tlominy Meal, Tlomivy Feed, or Hominy Chop is a mixture of the bran coating, the germs and a part of the starch portion of the corn kernel. 8 The Bulletin. Corn Feed Meal is the sifting obtained in the manufacture of cracked corn and table meal made from the whole grain. Corn Bran is the outer coating of the corn kernel. Wheat Bran is the coarse outer coating of the wheat berry. Standard Middlings or Shorts are the fine particles of the outer and inner bran separated from the bran and white middlings. Shipsiuff or Wheat Mixed Feed is a mixture of the products other than the flour obtained from the milling of the wheat berry. Red Dog is a low-grade wheat flour containing the finer particles of the bran. Oat Groats are the kernels of the oat berry with the hulls removed. Oat Shorts arc the covering of the oat grain lying immediately inside the hull, being a fuzzy material carrying with it considerable portions of the fine floury part of the groat obtained in the milling of rolled oats. Oat Middlings are the floury portion of the groat obtained in the mill- ing of rolled oats. Oat Hidls are the outer chaffy coverings of the oat grain. Rice Hulls are the outer chafly coverings of the rice grain. Rice Bran is the cuticle beneath the hull. Rice Polish is the finely powdered material obtained in polishing the kernel. Flax Plant By-product is that portion of the flax plant remaining after the separation of the seed, the bast fiber and a portion of the shives, and consists of flax shives, flax pods, broken and immature flax- seeds and the cortical tissue of the stem. BucJcwheat Shorts or Buckwheat Middlings are that portion of the buckwheat grain immediately inside the hull after separation from the flour. Blood Meal is ground dried blood. Meat Scrap and Meat Meal are the ground residues from animal tissue exclusive of hoof and bone. If they contain any considerable amount of bone they must be designated Meat and Bone Scrap, or Meat and Bone Meal. If they bear a name descriptive of their kind, composition, or origin, they must correspond thereto. CracUings are the residue after partially extracting the fats and oils from the animal tissue. If they bear a name descriptive of their kind, composition, or origin, they must correspond thereto. Digester Tankage is the residue from animal tissue, exclusive of hoof and horn, specially prepared for feeding purposes by tanking under live steam, drying under high heat, and suitable grinding. If it contains any considerable amount of bone it must be designated Digester Meat and Bone Tankage. Distillers' Dried Grains are the dried residue from cereals obtained m the manufacture of alcohol and distilled liquors.^ The product shall bear the designation indicating the cereal predominating. Brewers' Dried Grains are the properly dried residue from cereals obtained in the manufacture of beer. Malt Sprouts are the sprouts of the barley grain. If the sprouts are derived from any other malted cereal, the source must be designated. _ Alfalfa Meal "is the entire alfalfa hay ground, and does not contain an admixture of ground alfalfa straw or other foreign materials. The Bulletin. 9 Chop is a ground or chop feed composed of one or more different cereals or by-products thereof. If it bears a name descriptive of the kind of cereals it must be made exclusively of the entire grains of those cereals. Screenings are the smaller imperfect grains, weed seeds, and other foreign material having feeding value, separated in cleaning the grain. The following definition for cotton-seed feed has been adopted by the Board of Agriculture, but is not included in the list of definitions of the Association of Feed Control Officials: Cotton-seed Feed. All mixtures of cotton-seed meal and hulls con- taining less than 38.62 per cent protein shall be branded Cotton-seed Feed, or a name may be given which does not contain the word "meal" or any other word that might be misleading. HEARINGS. When a sample of commercial feed examined shows variation from the guarantees, the dealer or manufacturer from whom the sample was taken shall be given an opportunity to be heard in his defense by the Commissioner before the facts may be certified to the proper prosecuting attorney. It is the duty of the Department of Agriculture to regularly inspect the feeds offered for sale in the State and to see that all feeds bear the tax stamp and are properly labeled. The Department is required to col- lect and analyze at least one sample of every brand of feed found on sale in the State during the year and to publish the results for the benefit of itioso interested in this class of goods. The Department will be glad, at any time, to furnish information re- garding the character and value of any class of feed. RESULTS OF THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE FEED LAW. The first feed law in North Carolina went into effect in July, 1903. At that time it was found that the markets of the State were flooded with low-grade and adulterated feeds, with no branding on the bag to indicate that they were made of anything but high-grade materials. Such materials as rice chaff, ground conrcobs, peanut hulls, oat hulls, etc., with very little feeding value and now classed as adulterants, were used extensively in the composition of feeds. Since the first law went into effect the Department has made frequent inspections each year in all parts of the State, and wherever adulter- ated or misbranded feeds have been found they have been withdrawn from sale. The result of this work has been the steady decrease, from year to year, in the number of adulterated feeds on the market, and the steady increase in the quality of the feeds of all classes. With the publication of this, the tenth report on feeds, it will be noticed that there are comparatively few cases of adulteration reported. Following each table of analyses will be found a statement of the num- ber of samples which fail to come up to the manufacturer's guarantee. While this number is comparatively large in some classes of feeds it will be noticed that in the majority of cases the difference between the guarantee and the analysis is comparatively small. This trouble is due 10 The Bulletin, largely to Ihe nianufaeturers not adhering close enough to the chemical analyses of their products in making up the guarantees for them. The present law requires the statement on the hag or tag of the ingredients of which the feed is composed. Several seizures have been made during the year on account of this requirement not being complied with. These have been principally mixed feeds composed of Avheat and corn products which were not properly branded, and poultry feeds sold under a trade name without a statement of the ingredients. In all such cases the feeds have been Avithdrawn from sale until the manu- facturer furnished the dealer with properly printed tags showing the ingredients of which the feed was composed. The most serious violation of the law during the year was with one shipment of wheat Bran, shipped into the State from Tennessee. This shipment of bran was found to be seriously affected with wheat smut, which rendered the bran injurious to animals. The sale of this lot of bran was prohibited and when the manufacturers made proper adjust- ments with the dealer they were allowed to ship it out of the State. Several lots of poultry^ feeds have been found which contained con- siderable quantities of corn cockle seed, which are considered to be poisonous to stock and poultry. Such feeds are not allowed to be sold in the State. As the result of the strict enforcement of the Feed Law the feeds on sale in the State are, as a whole, a very clean grade of products with ^comparatively little adulteration. PURCHASING FEEDS. The selection of the proper feeds for different animals is a much more important matter than it is usually considered by the average purchaser and should receive careful attention. The high prices of feeds have created a market for a variety of low grade feeds that otherwise would not have found a market. Such feeds frequently sell for a compara- tively low price, but it is seldom economical to buy them. The number of different feeds now offered for sale in the State affords the purchaser a wide range of products from which to select. The purchaser should first ascertain if the feeds he is considering buying are unadulterated and come up to the guarantees which are claimed for them. When this is done the selection of a feed should be governed by the relative cost of the different available feeds and by their palatability and nutritive The average composition of the various products used for feeds will be found under the description of the different products. The analyses of the different brands will be found in the tables compared with the guarantees which the manufacturers . make for them. The chemical analysis shoAvs the total amounts of the various nutrients; not all of the total amounts shown by such analyses are digestible and the purchaser should inform himself as to the relative digestibility of the different feeds While it is not within the range of this bulletin to give a discus- sion on the feeding of animals the following table of digestion coeffi- cients is given so that the purchaser may get a general idea of the diges- tibility of the feeds usually found on the markets. The Bulletin. 11 By coefficient of digestion is meant the percentage of a given nutrient That is digestible. This is determined by actual feeding experiments with animals. The coefficients in the following table were obtained by digestion experiments with ruminants. DIGESTION CO-EFFICIENTS FOR COMMERCIAL FEEDS.* Linseed meal (oil meal) Cotton-seed meal Gluten feed -. Dried distillers' grains Corn meal --. Hominy feed Oats, whole Wheat bran Wheat middlings Rye feed Corn and oat feeds, low grade Molasses beet pulp- Molasses feed Nitrogen- otein Fat Fiber free % % % Extract % 89 89 . 57 78 84 94 35 78 85 83 76 89 73 95 95 81 66 91 92 92 65 67 89 74 89 31 77 77 63 39 71 77 88 30 78 80 90 74 88 70 58 59 64 .- . 84 91 63 88 52 80 *Lindsey, Mass. Expt. 18th Kept. Every feed dealer, to protect himself and his trade, should insist on feeds being shipped him in strict compliance with the law. If he will do this and not buy from those manufacturers who do not comply with the law, he will save considerable trouble and inconvenience by having his feeds seized and confiscated by feed inspectors. THE CHEMISTRY OF FEEDS. In the chemical analysis of feeds the following determinations are made : protein, fat, fiber, nitrogen-free extract, moisture and ash. With- out going into a detailed description of the chemical properties of these classes of substances, the following general discussion will be found val- uable in interpreting the analysis of commercial feeds : PROTEIN. The term protein or crude protein as used in feed analysis includes all the nitrogenous compounds contained in the feed. These compounds are divided, chemically, into two classes — the true proteins and the amido compounds. Familiar examples of the true proteins are the white of egg, lean meat and the gluten of flour. In seeds and cereal, products the amido compounds are present in very small amount, and hence all the nitrogen is regarded as present in the form of protein. The protein compounds contain, approximately, 16 per cent of nitro- gen, so to determine the amount of protein in a feed the total amount of nitrogen is determined, and this, multiplied by the factor 6.25, gives the amount of protein. 12 The Bulletin. The protein compounds are of very great importance in feeds, for it is from them that the animal derives the nitrogenous materials from which its muscular tissues are built. FATS. Fats, or more properly termed ether extract, include all the substances soluble in dry ether. These substances include the pure fats, such as cotton-seed oil, linseed oil, etc., and the waxes, resins, chlorophyl, etc. In most feeds the waxes and resins are present in such small amount that the entire ether extract may be regarded as fat. In a few feeds, such as alfalfa products, the ether extracts the chlorophyl or green color- ing matter of the plants. This amounts to only a small per cent. CRUDE FIBER. The term crude fiber includes the woody parts or the structural materials of plants. It is composed largely of cellulose and is the most indigestible part of the feed. As a rule, a feed with a high percentage of fiber is considered to be a low-grade feed. MOISTURE. Water is present to some extent in all classes of feed. Hays and com- mercial feeds usually contain from 6 to 15 per cent of water. ASH. Ash is the inorganic or mineral matter of plants. It is composed principally of soda, potash, lime and magnesia, combined in the form of phosphates, sulphates, chlorides and carbonates. The constituents of the ash furnish the material for the bony structure of animals and is used only to a srnall extent in the tissues and organs. NITROGEN-FREE EXTRACT. The term nitrogen-free extract includes the non-nitrogenous constitu- ents of feeds. The principal classes of substances included in this terra are the sugars, starch, organic acids, pentosans,^ etc. In the ordinary feed analysis the nitrogen-free extract is determined by difference; the sum of the percentages of protein, fats, fiber, moisture and ash is sub- tracted from 100, and the remainder considered as nitrogen-free extract. CARBOHYDRATES. The term carbohydrates includes the nitrogen-free extract and the crude fiber. In publishing the analyses the nitrogen-free extract and the crude fiber are reported separately. To get the per cent of carbo- hydrates in a feed it is only necessary to add the percentages of these two constituents. The percentage of carbohydrates as stated in the manufacturer's guar- antee should be, as above stated, the sum of the per cent of nitrogen-free extract and the per cent of crude fiber. The Bulletin. 13 The following classification will give a clearer understanding of tlie facts presented above : -r^ • /Tv-r ^ r.^-. ( True proteins. Protein (N x 6.25) < , ., , { Amido compounds, _, .^ , _ ^ . f True fats. lats (Jirtner iiiXtract) \ ^^ • • -i ii i i . ( w a^es, resins, organic acids, cnloropiiyl, etc. N'itrogen-free extract. ( Sugars, ' btarcn, Pentosans, etc. ^ , , , { N'itrogen-free extract. \ g^gars, Carbonydrates -^ ^ , %, { btarcn, i Crude fiber. j p^^^^^^ MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FEEDS. In addition to the regular chemical analysis, all the feed samples are examined miscroscopically. This is the final test of their purity. The chemical analysis shows the percentage amounts of the nutritive constituents of the feed, but it gives no idea of the source from which they are derived, and as the protein and fat are more digestible and hence more valuable in some classes of feeds than in others, it is very important to know just what substances go to make up the feed. The microscopic examination is the only way this can be done with any degree of accuracy. The chief use of the microscope in feed analysis is in the detection of adulterants and in the detection of the use of spoiled or low-grade seeds. Many feeds are now put on the market in finely ground condition, and as this destroys the characteristic appearance of the ingredients, it is very easy to aduterate them with finely ground rice chaff, corncobs or peanut hulls. All of these substances have characteristic elements which are readily distinguished under the microscope. For example, if a mixed feed contains 15 per cent of fiber it would not be considered low grade, provided it is made from good materials; but if the microscopic examination shows that part of this fiber is fur- nished by rice chaff or corncobs it would be considered a very low-grade feed. DESCRIPTION AND COMPOSITION OF THE BY-PRODUCTS USED FOR FEED. The materials used for commercial feeds are usually the by-products of other industries, such as the by-products from flour mills, oil mills, etc. The composition of these materials varies somewhat with the season in which they are grown, the method of milling, etc. ; but within reason- able limits the standard grades of these by-products have a very sim- ilar composition. The following general descriptions of these products, with the average analyses, compiled from a large number of analyses,* will show what the compositions of each one of these products should be. WHEAT PRODUCTS. i?ran.— This consists of the outer portion or covering of the wheat grain. It contains the greater portion of the fibrous material of the grain, but is also rich in protein and fat. Average analyses (104 sam- *The analyses used in these descriptions marked (f) are taken from Bulletin No. 11, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Those not so marked are compiled from analyses made in this laboratory. 14 The Bulletin, pies): Protein 15.38 JDcr cent; fat 4.63 per cent; fiber 8.30 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 55.08 per cent ; water 9.87 per cent ; ash 6.74 per cent. Winter Wheat Bran. — Analysis: Protein 15.87 per cent; fat 4.72 per cent ; fiber 8.45 per cent ; nitrogen-free extract 55.60 per cent ; water 8.43 per cent; ash 6.93 per cent. Spring Wheat Bran. — Analysis : Piotein 14.62 per cent ; fat 5.43 per cent; fiber 11.15 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 54.26 per cent ; water 8.51 per cent ; ash 6.03 per cent. Middlings or Shorts. — These terms are used, generally, interchange- ably in the trade and are used to describe the various products interme- diate between bran and flour, some being composed largely of starchy matter, while others contain more of the fibrous tissues of the grain. Average analysis (99 samples) of goods sold under the name mid- dlings or shorts: Protein 16.84 per cent; fat 5.07 per cent; fiber 5.66 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 58.44 per cent; water 9.47 per cent; ash 4.52 per cent. In addition to the products sold under the general terms of mid- dlings, shorts or standard middlings, the following grades of middling-* are nuide, depending on the process of milling and the parts of the grain of which they are composed. Flour Middlings. — Average analysis: Protein 17.54 per cent; fat 6.14 per cent; fiber 4.10 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 59.30 per cent; water 8.82 per cent; ash 4.10 per cent. Red Dog Middlings. — Average analysis (13 samples) : Protein 17.15 per cent; fat 5.41 per cent; fiber 2.34 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 61.82 per cent ; water 9.68 per cent ; ash 3.60 per cent. Shipstuff. — The term shipstuflF should be applied only to mixtures of wheat products. It is generally applied to mixtures of bran and mid- dlings and reground bran. It is frequently misused and applied to mix- tures of wheat products and corn chops or corn bran, and sometimes to a mixture of wheat, corn and oat products. Such products should be branded Feed or Mixed Feed, and not Shipstuff. The following analysis is the average of forty-three samples of pure wheat shipstuif: Protein 15.98 per cent; fat 4.87 per cent; fiber 5.67 per cent ; nitrogen-free extract 60.03 per cent ; water 8.98 per cent ; ash 4.47 per cent. RYE PRODUCTS. The by-products from the milling of rye are very similar to those from wheat. Bran. — Average analysis: Protein 14.70 per cent; fat 2.80 per cent; fiber 3.50 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 63.80 per cent; water 11.60 per cent ; ash 3.60 per cent.f Middlings. — Average analysis (7 samples): Protein 16.07 per cent; fat 3.79 per cent; fiber 4.4i per cent; nitrogen-free extract 60.95 per cent; water 10.50 per cent; ash 4.28 per cent. CORN PRODUCTS. Bran. — This is the outer coating of the corn grain. It has a low feeding value and is used to some extent as an adulterant for wheat products. Its chief use is in mixed feeds and corn chops. Average The Bulletin. 15 analysis (2 samples): Protein 7.00 per cent; fat 2.82 per cent; fiber 11.89 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 65.44 per cent; water 11.08 per cent; asli 1.77 per cent. Corn Chops. — This product is quite variable in the ingredients of which it is composed, sometimes being composed of the entire grain and ground rather coarse, while in other cases it is composed of parts of the grain with the addition of reground bran, and cob meal. The following analysis is the average of seven samples of corn products : Protein 8.78 per cent; fat 5.04 per cent; fiber 5.22 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 71.50 per cent; water 7.68 per cent; ash 1.78 per cent. Other names used for this class of products are Hominy Feed and Hominy Chops. Corn and Coh Meal. — Corn, together with the cob which bears it, are frequently ground together to form what is known as corn and cob meal. In such cases the cobs are not considered an adulterant, provided the amount of cob does not exceed that which would normally be present with the grain, i. e., 14 pounds of cobs to 56 pounds of grain. Average analysis: Protein 8.50 per cent; fat 3.50 per cent; fiber 6.60 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 64.80 per cent; water 15.10 per cent; ash 1.50 per cent.f Cracked Corn. — This is the whole grain coarsely crushed. On account of the coarseness this product is not very liable to adulteration, the only source of trouble being that it is sometimes made from low-grade or spoiled corn. Average analysis (44 samples) : Protein 8.85 per cent ; fat 3.98 per cent; fiber 1.93 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 73.45 per cent ; water 9.82 per cejit ; ash 1.97 per cent. Corncobs. — (See adulterants.) Gluten Feed. — This is a by-product from the manufacture of starch and sugar from corn. The following brief description of the manufac- ture of gluten feed is taken from data very kindly furnished the author by prominent manufacturers. The first step in the process is for about two days to steep the corn in water at about 110^ F. to which has been added a small amount of sulphur dioxide. The grain absorbs the water and there results a swelling which effects a loosening and softening of the various parts of the kernel. The presence of sulphur dioxide prevents decomposition and thus aids in the separation of the whole germ, which would be broken up otherAvise in the subsequent process. The steepwater, containing the solubles of the corn, is drawn off and subsequently evaporated, partly neutralized, and incorporated with the gluten feed. The steeped corn is then subjected to a process of grinding and separation, in which advan- tage is taken of the difference in specific gravity of the component parts, and a separation into germs, bran and endosperm is effected. The germs are dried and from them is produced oil and oil cake. The bran is separated and finally mixed with the gluten and corn solubles (steep- water) to form gluten feed. The endosperm is mixed with water and by a process depending upon the difference in specific gravity of the component parts is separated into starch and gluten. The liquor con- taining the gluten from this separation is mixed with the bran and filter pressed. The resulting' cake is broken up and partially dried. The evaporated and neutralized corn solubles (steepwater) is then added and the mixture dried a second time. After grinding, this mixture con- stitutes the Gluten Feed of commerce. 10 The Bulletin, During the process of evaporating the steepwater practically all of the sulphur dioxide is driven off so that this does not affect the final product. Gluten feeds are usually slightly acid. Investigations have shown that this acidity is caused by the addition of the steepwater to the product. The acidity of the steepwater is caused by the presence of certain organic compounds and not to mineral acids and it therefore does not detract from the value of the feed. Average analysis (4 samples): Protein 26.06 per cent; fat 3.04 per cent; fiber 7.33 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 53.16 per cent; water 6.89 per cent; ash 3.52 per cent. OAT PRODUCTS. Whole oats are used to a large extent as a cattle feed. In addition to this, the by-products from the milling of oats in the manufacture of rolled oats and other breakfast foods form an important source of con- centrates for feeding. The following descriptions of the by-products from the milling of oats are taken partly from the descriptions furnished the author by a prominent manufacturer. The analyses were made on samples sent by the manufacturers. Whole Oats. — Analysis: Protein 11.63 per cent; fat 5.15 per cent; fiber 9.91 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 61.25 per cent; water 8.72 per cent ; ash 3.34 per cent. Oat hulls consist of the outer covering of the oat grain. Analysis: Protein 2.63 per cent; fat 1.08 per cent; fiber 31.49 per cent; nitrogen- free extract 53.83 per cent ; water 5.64 per cent ; ash 5.33 per cent. Oat middlings consist of the finer particles of the oat groat that are broken off or sifted out in the process of manufacturing rolled oats. Analysis: Protein 16.44 per cent; fat 8.93 per cent; fiber 1.64 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 64.39 per cent; water 7.60 per cent; ash 3.00 per cent. _ ' Nubbins or heads consist of the portion that comes off in the clipping of the oat. They include the small ends of the groat and also a small portion of the end of the hull. Analysis: Protein 16.88 per cent; fat 6.82 per cent; fiber 4.58 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 61.92 per cent; water 6.42 per cent ; ash 3.38 per cent. Dust is the silken ends or hairs that grow at the end of the groat and are taken off in the course of manufacture. Analysis: Protein 14.00 per cent; fat 6.23 per cent; fiber 16.52 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 50.94 per cent ; water 6.30 per cent ; ash 6.01 per cent. From these analyses it will be seen that the hulls have very little value as a feed, while the other products are comparatively rich in the nutri- tive elements, being high in protein and fat and low in fiber. These by-products are put on the market in the form of oat feeds, which are mixtures of the several by-products in varying proportions according to the quality of the feed that the manufacturer wishes to make, and they are also used to a considerable extent in mixed feeds, usually sold under a trade name, where they are mixed with alfalfa meal, cracked corn, corn meal, etc. The Bulletin. 17 RICE PRODUCTS. The by-products from the milling of rice consist of hulls, bran and polish. Eice Hulls.— nice hulls are the outer coating of the rice grain. They are composed principally of fibrous material, with a large amount of mineral matter, and are worthless as a feed. The hulls are found to some extent in rice meal and bran, and when present in any considerable amount are considered as an adulterant. For analyses, see adulterants. Rice Bran.— Rice bran is the thin coating of the grain lying next to the hull. Average analysis: Protein 12.10 per cent; fat 8.80 per cent; fiber 9.50 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 49.90 per cent; water 9.70 per cent; ash 10.00 per cent.f Rice Polish. — After the hulls and bran have been removed the rice grains are polished before being put on the market. This process removes the thin coating lying next to the rice grain. It is sold for feed under the name of rice polish. Average analysis: Protein 11.70 per cent; fat 7.30 per cent; fiber 6.30 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 58.00 per cent; water 10.00 per cent ; ash 6.70 per cent.-f- Rice Meal. — Rice meal consists of a mixture of rice bran and rice polish with the addition of a small amount of hulls. Average analysis (11 samples): Protein 11.54 per cent; fat 11.49 per cent; fiber 9.96 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 47.77 per cent; water 9.92 per cent ; ash 9.82 per cent. Rice Bran, Rice Polish and Rice Meal are the only by-products from the milling of rice which are recognized as feeds. When offered for sale in this State they must correspond to the definitions which have bcei: adopted for them and the guarantees made for them should cor- respond approximately with the average analyses given above. DRIED BEET PULP. Dried Beet Pulp is the by-product from the manufacture of sugar from sugar beets. After the sugar has been extracted from the ground beets the pulp remaining is dried and put on the market as a feed. Average analysis (6 samples): Protein 9.18 per cent; fat 0.96 per cent; fiber 17.71 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 60.24 per cent; water 8.29 per cent ; ash 3.62 per cent. MOLASSES FEEDS. Molasses feeds may be divided into two classes: molasses feeds con- taining grain screenings as the principal ingredient with varying amounts of other materials, and molasses feeds containing alfalfa meal ' as the principal ingredient with varying amounts of other materials. ■ The ingredients which are usually used in these two classes of feeds are as follows: wheat middlings, malt sprouts, corn meal, oat hulls, cotton- seed meal, cotton-seed hulls, dried brewers' grains, barley, cracked corn, dried distillers' grains, gluten feed, linseed meal, rice bran, rice straw. Many brands contain a small amount of salt. Grain screenings are derived from the cleaning of grain preparatory to milling and are produced in large quantities in the great milling 18 The Bulletix. centers. The composition of screenings varies greatly, according to the grain from which they are separated. They are composed largely of weed seeds of various kinds and imperfect grains of wheat, barley, oats, etc. Screenings are of value as a feed material and as they are produced in such large quantities their feeding value should be recognized. As screecings are composed largely of weed seeds there is danger of spreading weeds on the land when they are used as feed. This danger has been ovei-come by grinding or roasting the screenings before they are used in mixed feeds. Xo feeds should be used which contain screen- ings which have not been so treated. Screenings containing poisonous seeds such as corn cockle, jinison weed, etc., are not allowed to be sold in this State. In the past molasses feeds have been subject to more adulteration than any other class of feed. The molasses has been used to cover u]) such materials as rice hulls, corn cobs, saw dust, etc., which are adul- terants and have no value as feed materials. The molasses feeds now found on the markets are as a rule a clean grade of products which hold up to the guarantees which are made for them. In purchasing any feed of tliis class particular attention sliould be paid to the ingredients of which they are composed. ALFALFA FEEDS. There are quite a number of mixed feeds on the market in which alfalfa meal is the principal ingredient. Various materials are mixed witli the meal to increase the percentage of fat and make them more nearly balanced feeds. The materials which have been found in the brands on the markets are as follows: Cracked corn, oats, oat products, cotton-seed meal, linseed meal, corn meal, dried brewers grains, wheat bran and middlings. As will be seen from the analyses, these feeds are composed of nutritious ingredients, and in only a few cases have low grade materials been introduced into them. There are also quite a number of molasses feeds on the market which contain alfalfa meal. These feeds are usually composed of the same ingredients which are used in the other alfalfa feeds with the addition of molasses or syrup. COTTON-SEED FEEDS. A ruling of the Board of Agriculture requires that all mixtures of cotton-seed meal and hulls which do not come up to the standard for cotton-seed meal, that is, 6.18 per cent nitrogen or 38.62 per cent protein, shall be branded Cotton-seed Feeds or some trade name which does not contain the word "Meal," or any word that would mislead the purchaser. Such mixtures must be sold under a feed guarantee in place of a nitro- gen guarantee. Quite a number of cotton-seed feeds are now on the market, varying very widely in the amount of protein which they guarantee. These mixtures appear to be filling a demand for a medium grade concentrate, higher in protein than the average mill product and lower in protein than cotton-seed meal. LINSEED MEAL. Linseed meal or oil meal is the residue from the extraction of oil from flaxseed. The oil is extracted by two processes, known as the old process and the new process. In the old process the oil is extracted by pressure The Bulletin. 19 and in the new process a solvent is used. On account of the extraction being more complete when a solvent is used, the old process meal is richer in fat, while the new process meal is slightly higher in protein. Old Process Meal. — Average analysis (2 samples) : Protein 33.87 per cent; fat 6.08 per cent; fiber 7.29 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 37.89 per cent; water 9.60 per cent; ash 5.27 per cent. Neiv Process Meal. — Protein 32.20 per cent; fat 3.00 per cent; fiber 9.50 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 38.40 per cent; water 10.10 per cent ; ash 5.80 per cent.f PEANUT MEAL. Peanut meal is the ground cake resulting from the extraction of oil from peanuts. This makes a very rich feed. Frequently considerable quantities of peanut hulls are ground with cake. This lowers the value of the meal considerably, as the hulls are practically worthless as a feed. Average analysis (3 samples) : Protein 29.50 per cent; fat 11.38 per cent; fiber 22.73 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 26.93 per cent; water 5.78 per cent; ash 3.68 per cent. BREWERY AND DISTILLERY BY-PRODUCTS. Dried Brewers Grains. — Dried brewers' grains are dried barley grains after they have undergone the process of malting, by which the soluble dextrin and sugar are extracted. Average analysis: Protein 19.90 per cent; fat 5.60 per cent; fiber 11.00 per cent; nitrogen-free extract 51.70 per cent ; w^ater 8.20 per cent ; ash 3.60 per cent.f Malt Sprouts. — The small radicles which germinate from the barley in the process of malting are known as malt sprouts. Average analysis : Protein 23.20 per cent ; fat 1.70 per cent; fiber 10.70 per cent; nitrogen- free extract 48.50 per cent; water 10.20 per cent; ash 5.70 per cent.f Dried Distillers' Grains. — Distillers' grains are a by-product from (he manufacture of whiskey and alcohol. In the feeds on sale in the State this year the above three products have been found only as ingredients in mixed feeds. SPECIAL MIXED FEEDS. In this class are grouped mixtures of two or more products which are sold under a trade name. These usually consist of wheat and corn l)roducts, in a few instances with the addition of cotton-seed meal or linseed meal. The present feed law requires the statement on the tag of the ingredi- ents of which a feed is composed, and with this class of feeds the pur- chaser should be careful to note that this statement is made on all tags. POULTRY FEEDS. Quite a number of brands of poultry and chick feeds were found on tlie markets. These feeds may be divided into two classes : Grain feeds, composed of mixtures of whole or partially ground grains. The grains which are usuallj^ found in them are corn, oats, barley, kaffir corn, peas, wheat, buckwheat, millet, sunflower seed. Some brands contain grit or ground limestone. Dry mash feeds, composed of mixtures of feed ma- terials such as wheat bran, middlings, corn meal, alfalfa meal, ground beef scrap, blood meal, linseed meal and charcoal. 20 The Bulletin. Two brands of meat meal were found on the market. These are very concentrated feeds, being high in protein and low in fiber. MISCELLANEOUS MIXED FEEDS. In this class are grouped feeds which are sold under the name Mixed Feed, Mill Feed, and Feed. These are usually mixtures of wheat products, wheat and corn products, and cotton-seed meal. As with other classes of mixed feeds, the manufacturers are required to state on the tag the ingredients which compose them, and the pur- chaser should pay special attention to see that this is done. SALT IN FEEDS. It has been found that some manufacturers of mixed feeds now add salt, in small quantity, to the feeds. The molasses feeds and the alfalfa mixed feeds are usually the ones in which salt is found. A number of samples of feeds of these two classes were examined and salt was found in several of them, the amount varying from a few tenths of one per cent to slightly over one per cent. The presence of a very small amount of salt in a mixed feed is not objectionable, but in all cases where it is added the fact should be plainly stated on the tag. ADULTERANTS. The following materials when mixed with feeds without sufficient labeling to indicate their presence are considered adulterants: corn bran, rice hulls, ground corncobs, peanut hulls, peanut middlings, oat hulls, mill sweepings, screenings, cotton-seed hulls, and similar products. ANALYSES OF FEED ADULTERANTS. Fat Protein (Ether (N X6.25) j Extract) Of CI /o I /o Nitrogen- Fiber ! free % [ Extract i % Water % Ash % Corn bran Rice Hulls Corn Cobs Peanut Hulls Spanish Peanut Hulls Peanut Middlings.-. -. Oat Hulls -. Wheat Screenings Cotton-seed Hulls with lint Cotton-seed Hulls, delinted 7.00 3.60 2.40 4.56 10.12 8.75 2.63 13.88 3.25 2.40 2.82 0.70 0.50 0.81 2.70 0.88 1.08 2.80 1.12 0.31 11.89 35.70 30.10 67.31 31.33 40.75 31.49 3.49 46.92 36.49 65.44 11.08 38.60 8.20 54.90 10.70 29.98 5.89 53.83 5.64 64.71 10.75 40.11 6.05 50.22 8.20 1.77 t 13.20 t 1.40 2.17 19.98 16.75 5.33 4.37 2.55 2.38 The Bulletin. 2 1 ANALYSES OF SAMPLES OF FEEDS, SEASON 1912. On the following pages will be found the results of the chemical and microscopic analyses of samples of stock feeds collected by the inspectors of the Department, and those sent in by individuals, dealers and manu- facturers. A study of these tabulated results will show which brands are pure and come up to the manufacturer's guarantee. 22 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF WHEAT 5463 5828 5508 5521 5564 5602 5418 5421 5459 5503 5939 5398 Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer Wheat ....do. ....do. ....do ....do. ....do .—do ....do ....do ....do .—do ...-do Estill Farm Grocery Co., Murphy. a o Wilson _.- Imington 5450 do 5480 5568 5766 5377 5510 5650 5701 5433 5441 5530 5671 5816 5812 5399 5732 5623 5739 5780 5740 5507 5504 ...-do ....do ....do ....do. ----do. ..-do- — -dO- ....do. ....do. ...-do- ----do. _---do. J^ran -.. Tennessee Mill Co Springs, Tenn. ...do ]C. Woodard Co. Mountain City Mill Co., Chat- J. W. Brooks, W tanooga, Tenn. do |J. H. Walters, Wilmington -- do iLittleton Feed and Grocery I Co., Littleton. do 'Asheville Grocery Co., Ashe- ! ville. Ballard & Ballard Co., Louis- Tomlinson & Co., Wilson ville, Ky. -do J. O. Farmer Grocery Co., I W'ilson. do T. P. Nash, Elizabeth City Pillsbury Mill Co., Minneap- Pearsall & Co., Wilmington olis, Minn. do [ do - -. Dunlap Mills, Richmond, Va. Crowder & Rand, Raleigh .- do L. M. Savage, Gieenville do [H. C. Edwards, lunston do iGeo. A. Rose Co., Henderson do iH. C. Privatt, Edenton iLiborty Mills, Nashville, Tenn. Asheville Grain & Hay Co., I Ashville. do B. F. Mitchell & Co., Wil- mington. I do— W. M. Neil & Co., Mooresvi!le|Feb. Mar. Dec. Feb. 19, '12 Juqe Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Dec. Dec. Jan. July Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Nov. 17, 12' 23, '12 J3 . 100 100 23, '12 100 3, '12 100 15, '12 5. '11 5, '11 12, '11 22, '12 75 100 100 100 100 2, '121 100 27, '111 100 8, 'll' 100 18, '12 100 5, '12 19, '12 7, '11 —do-, --do-- -do- -do- -do- ---do- -do- -do- 100 100 75 ..'..do.- |P. R. Lamb & Co., Winston -. Dunlap Milling Co., ClarksviUe Geo. S. Edwards & Co., Tenn. .--do- -do- -.do Crown Milling Co., Asheboro, N. C. ..do Franklinsville Mfg. Co., Franklinsville, N. C. Southern Mills, Nash\'ille, Tenn Jan. 23, '12! 100 27, '12' 100 13, '12 100 7, '11 100 100' Dec. 7. '11 Rocky Mount. Geo. J. Hales & Bro., Rocky Mount. John S. McEachern & Sons, Jan. 24, '12 100 Wilmington. G. C. Lo^-ill & Co., Mt. Airy- Mar. Spencer Grocery Co., Ashe- Apr boro. W. D. Steadman & Son, Ashe-'Apr. boro. Crowder & Rand, Raleigh- ..Nov C. L. Spencer, New Bern- Atlanta Milling Co., Atlanta Ga'W. A. Myatt, Raleigh J. H. Walker & Co., Reidsville, N. C. Listman Mill Co., La Crosse, Wis. Harris & Hubbard, Reidsville Mar. Feb. Mar. 5, '12, 100 3, '12! 75 2, '12 75 27, '11 75 14, '12j 100 23, '121 100 19, '12 100 -do. Adams Grain & Pro\'ision Co. Mar. 27, '12 100 Charlotte. i .\ndrew Bowling, Staunton, VaHutcherson Bros., Reidsville |Mar. 19, '12 100 Eagle Roller Mill Co., New Ulm Stone Co., Wilmington !Jan. 22, '12! 100 Minn. I do ICorbett Co., Wilmington Jan. 22. '12 100 The Bulletin. 23 BRAN AND MIXED BRANS. Guai antre Analysis ^ o cs £^ .a^ 31 Is 5643; 14.50 5.00 5828[ 14.50, 5.00 .5508 14.50: 4.00 5521 ; 14.50 4.00 55641 14.50 4.00 5602 14.50 5418 16.58 5421 5459 5503 15.78 14.. 50 14.50 59.39, 14.50 5398! 14.50 5450! 14.50 54S0| 14.50 5568 14.50 5766 14. 50: 4.00 5377' 14.50' 4.00 5510 14.50 4.00 4.00 4.82 4.42 4.10 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 < Ox, £S few , Br and Name from 2^ o a Label .'i64S Wheat bran 5942 — .do. 5930 ....do. Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer 0) M C;^ Anstead & Burke Co. .Spring- D. L. Gore & Co. .Wilmington Feb. 26, '12 100 field. Ohio. Piedmont Mill.-', Lynchburg. Va.Norris Bros. & Co.,Raleigh.. Aug.27, "12 100 Zimmerman & Co., Elizabeth City, X. C. Sixty-four samples of bran were analyzed. Three are below the guarantee in pro- tein; five are below the guarantee in fat; seven are above the guarantee in fiber. One sample is affected with wheat smut. ANALYSES OF MID Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer 43 b !:! S 5481 Brown Middlings Pillsbury Flour Milts Co., Min- Minneapolis, Minn. 5076 do do 5709 do do QO ■~JD ^ 1 I ^ H 5876... .do. -do. 5708 XX Daisy Middlings -do. Churchlill & Co., Kinston.. Jan. IS, '12^ 100 W. B. Haymore, Mt. Airy. Madison Grocery Co., Madi- son. Harrison Bros. & Co., Wil- liamston. Madison Grocery Co., Madi- son. West-Hill Co., Mt. Airy 5668 Daisy Middlings do 5754 Red Dog Middlings ...i do lElmcre-Maxwell Co., Greens- boro. 5431 Middlings- do. L .iOeo. S. Edwards & Co., [ Rocky Mount. 5407|Standard Middlings Washburn-Crosby Co., Minne- Philhps & Penny, Raleigh.. apolis, Minn. i 5590 do do iW. H. Ferrell, Durham 5387 Adrian Flour do.--. Job P. Wyatt Sons Co.. Ral eigh. ...do. ...do- -do. 5723 j 5680. 5840,Dandy Red Dog MiddUngs Washburn-Crosby Co., Loui ville, Ky 5422'----do 5426-. ..do 5540 E. R. Messiek, Winston ..do. ..do. Red Dog Middlings do. -do- Cramer Bros. Co., Winston-. Boykin Grocery Co., Wilson-. Wells Grocery Co., Wilson.-, C. Woodard Co., Wilson Adams Grain & Provision Co., Fayetteville. do jCity Feed Co., Hickory do IT. M. Benton, Winston.. 5640-.. -do 5705 ....do 5672 Dandy Middlings ' do..- |G. C. Lovill & Co., Winston.. 5414 do... I do [Hadley, Harris Co., Wilson.. Geo. J. Hale.s & Bro., Rocky Mount. 5443 Shorts ....do Mar. 5, '12 100 Mar. 13. '12 100 June 24. '12 100 Mar. 13. '12 100 Mar. 5. '12 100 Mar. 21. '12 100 Dec. 7. ■11 100 Nov 27, '11 100 Feb. 7, '12 100 Nov. 27, '11 100 Mar. 14, '12 100 Mar. 6, '12 100 June 17, '12 100 Dec. 5, •11 100 Dec. 5, '11 100 Jan. 25, '12 100 Feb. 22, •12 100 Mar. 13, •12 100 Mar. 5, '12 100 Dec. 5, •11 100 Dec. 7. ■11 100 The Bulletiis'. 27 AND MIXED BRANS— Continued. Guarantee Analysis Microscopic E> amination .Shows the Following Ingredients I.X1 o ^ 31 .Br6 £5 Fut (Etlier Extract) Fiber Carbo- hydrates 2 => o m < 62.70; 9.57 5.35 16.50 17.63 17.13 5.01 5.34 5.12 17.131 5.461 9.09 63.78 9.00 6.25 7.67 62.01 9.96 6.13 7.81 62.13i 9.93 6.19 7.59 8.23 7.89 8.23 4.47 5.27. 4.91!- 6.42|. 16.75 16.13 16.13 16.88 16.13 16.38 16.00 16.38 17.25 16.63 14.25 14.75 18.50 17.50 20.13 18.25 18.00 16.88 16.50 15.25 5.36 6.33. 5.08 5.46 4.13 5.01 4.081 i 3.54 4.76 5.89 4.91 4.36 2.93 5.49 5.01 5.53 4.81 4.79 5.22 4.18 3.50 5.64 5.33 2.98 6.60 3.03 2.90 7.33 7.62 7.21 7.54 5.03 5.44 4.97 2.48 1.45 1.95 7.90 3.67 2.48 66.77 I 10.92 Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 4.63 Wheat middlings. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Wheat middlings adulterated with corn meal and corn bran. Wheat middlings containing large amount of wheat smut. Wheat middlings. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. (Red Dog) do. do. (Red Dog do. 30 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF MIDDLINGS 2u 5626 5634 5685 5817 5811 5741 Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer Middlings ....do. Shorts. ....do- ....do. Stuart's Draft Milling Co., Stu- Bost & Newton, Hickory art's Draft, Va. do City Feed Co., Hickory do iF. C. Forester, Wilkesboro... Crown Milling Co., Asheboro, Spencer Grocery Co., Ashe- N. C. boro. do W. D. Steadman & Son, .\shcboro. Star Daisy Rod Dog Mid- Star & Crescent Milling Co., Harris & Hubbard, Ueidsville dlings. t Chicago, 111. 5592 Red Dog MiddUngs. 5860 Black Hawk Standard Middlings. 5857 Seal of Minnesota Stand- ard Middlings. 5756 Red Dog Middlings 5642.Middlings. 5617iShort3 5614L...do Lynchburg Milling Co., Lynch- M. V. Lawrence, Durham... burg, Va. Western Flour Mill Co., Da ven- K. B. Peters Grocery Co., port, Iowa. Tarboro. New Prague Flour Mill Co., D. Lichtenstein, Tarboro New Prague, Minn. ' Bay State Milling Co., Winona, Hepler Bros., Greensboro Minn. Harris Milling Co., Dillsboro, Slayden, Fakes Co., Bryson N. C. City. J. S. Read, Morristown, Tenn.. Houston & Son, Henderson- ville. Byers Bros., Hendersonville. Eagle Flouring Mill Co., Sweet- water, Tenn. 5612|White Middlings Blish Milling Co., Seymour, |Asheville Grain & Hay Co., j Ind. I Asheville. 5541, Standard Middling.'*.. Great Western Mills, Dundas, .■\dams Grain & Provision I Minn. ; Co , Fayetteville. a a M Feb. 22, '12 Feb. Mar. .\pr. Apr. Mar. Feb. June June Mar. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Jan. I •r J2 100 5453 5371 5413 5438 .do iTrammel & Co., Norfolk, Va. T. P. Nash, Elizabeth City jDec. Shorts. ij. A. & O. L. Jones Mill & Ele- J. C. Bennett, Wayne.sville.JNov. I vator Co., Nashville, Tenn. Capital Red Dog MiddlingslAcme-Evans Co., Richmond, Hadley, Harris & Co, Wilson |Dec. ' Va. do do Mathews Weeks & Co., Dec. I * Rocky Mount. 5420 Ben Hur Wheat Middlings. do Boykin Grocery Co., Wilson iDec. 5532 Ben Hur Standard Mid- do Worth Co., Wilmington iJan. dlings. 5548 Acme Middlings .do J. H. Culbreth & Co., Fay- Jan. etteville. ' 5.524:Middlings do. W. B. Cooper Co., Wilming- ton. Crowder & Rand, Raleigh. ._ Jan. Aug. 5941 Acme Middlings .4cme-EvansCo., Indianapolis, Ind. 5403 Middlings B. A. Eckhart Milling Co., J. E. Sloop, Statesville Chicago, III. 5522 do _ -do _ ;S. P. McNair, Wilmington.. Jan. 5517 do -.-do -- |McNair&Pearsall, Wilming- Jan. I { ton. .5505 Red Dog Superb MiddlingsJEagle Roller Mill Co., New iCorbett Co., Wilmington IJan. I Ulm. Minn. ' I 22, '12 7, '12 3, '12 2, '12 19, '12J 7, 'I2I 19, '12 19, '12 21, '12 20, '12 17, '12 17, '12 16, '12 25. '12 12, '11 6, '11 5. '11 7, '11 5, '11 24, "12 25. '12 23, '12 27, '12 23, '12 23, '12 22, "12 100 75 100 100 ion 101) 100 75 75 7.') 75 100 100 100 100 101) 75 100 100 100 ion inu The Bi'lletin. 31 OR SHORTS— Continued. Guarantee Analjsis 1 .So rv] o S S3 1 6^ PL,6 1 few 1 00 £ 3 2 3 ■ S J3 < Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 5626 5634 1 16.00 ifi nn 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 5.70 5.70 4.01) 4.00 4.50 4.50 3.40 6.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 4.25 4.25 3.00 4.00 6.50 6.50 3.00 3.00 7.00 5.50 1.00 .54.00 54.00 5J.00 50.00 60.50 i 1 17.75' 3.87 16.75 3.64 19.13, 5.23 17.13 4.72 1.89 1.58 5.65 3.48 2.94 2.79 2.21 1 1 '■ _- i Wheat middlings. (Red Dog) do. do. 5685 15.00 """""1 do. 5817 17.00 1 do. 5811 17 00 17.13 16.88 4.83 4.44 do. 5741 16.00 do. (Red Dog) 5592' 15.00 18.38; 4.22 17.50 5.96 ! 18.00 5.93 do. do. 5860 17 00 6.01 do. 5857 17.00 5.78 2.62 2.80 1.. do. 5756 19.00 17.88 4.44 do. (Red Dog) 5642 15.00 14.75 3.23 17.63 5.12 1 i do. 5617 14.50 5.53 3.03 0.39 do. 5614 14.. 50 16.50 16.75 3.58 3 .57 • do. 5612 15.10 do. .5.544 16.00 i 19.50 5.71 17.50 5. .56 5.49 5.15 3.04 do. 5458 do. 5371 17.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 16.90 5.50 4.75 4.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.40 6.00 4.50 4.50 4.00 8.98 5.00 8.00 7.00 53.00 59.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 54.00 15.88 15.75 5.21 3 97 do. .5413 3.41 3.70 7.11 8.00 7.69 7.98 6.16 6.61 7.19 7.01 2.56 """ do. (Red Dog) 5438 i 16 50; 4.30 do. do. 5490 17.38 16.88 17 13 5.66 5.23 5 30 do. 553' do. 5548 do. 55''4 17.25 5.31 17.25, 4.93 17.03 5.20 16.63 4.19 do. 5941 1 do. 5463 do. do. 55'" 15.00 15.00 20.79 4.00 4.00 5.78 6.00 6.00 5.82 60.00 60.00 54.83 1 do. 5517 17.13 20.25 4.41 5.26 do. 5505 60.99 9.63 3.87 do. (Red Dog) 32 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF MIDDLINGS Brand Name from Label 5770 5709 5583 5444 5416 5388 6380 5381 5810 5698 5918 5920 5419 Spring Wheat Middlings . Manufacturer or Wholesaler Middlings Standard Middlings Middlings... ....do -- M. G. Rankin & Co., Milwau- kee, Wis. Middlings Carter Venable Co., Richmond, Va. Red Dog Shorts Austin Heaton Co., Durham, N. C. 5559Short3 Simpson, Bass & Co., Rich- mond, Va. Amendt Milling Co., Monroe, Mich. . W. F. Richard.-«on, Jr., & Co., Richmond, ^'a. J. D. Manor & Co., New Mar- ket, Va. Southern Milling Co., Ashe- boro, N. C. White Wheat Middlings..-' do Shorts Asheboro Roller Mills, Ashe- boro, N. C. South Side Roller Mills, Wins- ton, N. C. Russell Miller Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Detroit Milling Co., Detroit, Mich. Acme-Evans Co., Richmond, Va. 5814 Shorts Southern Milling Co., Ashe- boro, N. C. Retail Dealer J. W. Brooks, Wilmington.. Harrison Bros. Co., Williams- ton. Carpenter Bros., Durham... Weldon Grocery Co., Weldon. Qo Mar. 27, '12 Mar. 22, '12 Feb. 7, '12 Feb. 3, '12 jGeo. J. Hales & Bro., Rocky [Dec. 7, '11 Mount. Tomlinson & Co., Wilson. Job P. Wyatt Sons Co., Ral- eigh. ....do Middlings Tiger Middlings Red Dog Middlings. W. D. Steadman & Son, A-she boro. Farmer's Union Agency Co., Winston. Scott-Spargcr Co., Green.s- boro. P. R. Lamb & Co , Winston.. Boykin Grocery Co., Wilson boro. Dec. 5, '12 Nov. 27, '11 M ■ .a 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Apr. 2, '12 75 Mar. 12, '12 100 July 15, '12 .... July 15. •12 100 Dec. 5. •11 100 Apr. 3. '12 75 Ninety-seven samples of middlings were analyzed. Seven are below the guar- antee in protein; twenty-one are below the guarantee in fat; nineteen are above the guarantee in fiber. One sample is adulterated with corn product. One sample is affected with wheat smut. ANALYSES OF 3^ ►J Is Brand Name from Label 5760 Bran and shorts. 5762 ....do.. 5926 Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer a o C3 Q Grimes Bros., Lexington N. C. R. L. Leonard, Lexington Mar. 22, '12 ....do W. H. Moffitt, Lexington Mar. 22, '12 .do. Grimes Milling Co , Salisbury, N. C. Thompson Grain & Feed Store, Salisbury. July 17, '12 OPh 100 100 75 The Bulletin. 33 OR SHORTS— Continued. Guarantee Analysis .So few hi CD I- -a A >> (M .So U OS X fe 00 < Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 5770 15.00 16.65 16.75 15.00 15.00 17.00 16.25 4.00 4.58 3.50 4.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 8.00 8.35 3.75 7.00 4.30 6.50 4.00 52.00 55.00 57.20 60.00 19.38 18.13 17.38 18.38 17.75 19.88 17.38 14.25 16.63 16.13 16.13 17.50 17.00 16.25 17.63 4.56 5.23 3.22 4.87 5.37 6.17 4.52 4.34 4.98 4.67 4.48 4.47 4.58 4.07 5.22 5.00 7.19 2.94 7.47 5.39 5.76 3.88 8.37 3.12 3.16 3.17 6.41 5.51 3.58 3.78 Wheat do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. middlings. 5769 5583 (Red Dog) 5559 5444 5416 / 5388 _ _ 53S0 .^.•^si 5810 16.00 10.00 15.00 16.00 16.00 16.63 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.10 4.75 4.98 4.00 4.00 9.00 5.50 4.50 3.12 65.00 59.00 5698 5918 5920 5419 (Red Dog> .5814 BRAN AND SHORTS. 1 Guarantee J Analysis , L £.2 Protein (N X6.25) hi ^^ a! X few fe Carbo- hydrates .So fe°S 1^ hi few fe Carbo- hydrates £ GO 'S 1^ / A m < Microscopic Examination. Shows the Following Ingredients 5760 14.60 4.50 4.50 4.00 6.47 6.47 7.00 i 16.75 11.88 4.41 4.10 3.93 5.04 4.79 5.89 Wheat bran and middlings. Wheat bran and middlings adulterated with corn meal and corn bran Wheat bran and middlings. 5762 14.60 £926 15.12 14.38 1 34 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF BRAN o g 6761 5758 Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Bran and Shorts... Model Mills, Lexington, N. C. ...do. .do. 6629| do Newton Roller Mill, Newton, I j N C. 56621 do ' do do iHickory Milling Co., Hickory ' N. C. do - Statesville Flour Mill Co., I Statsville. N. C. do iSpiing Mills Co., Richfield, N. C. 5645 5499 5365 5949 5951 ...do - Mt. UUa Roller Mill Co., Ml. LUa, N. C. do Crouse Milling Co., Crouse, I N. C. Retail Dealer a o «*- .« ra'o Thompson Grain & Feed Mar. 22, '12 Store, Salisbury. | R. L. Leonard, I^xington jMar. 22, '12 Bo.st & Newton, Hickory Feb. 22, '12 ^ 1 100 100 75 J. Flem Johnson, Gastonia... Feb. 28, '12 100 Whitener & Martin, Hickory Feb. 22, "12 75 Johnston Bros., Charlotte. Sept. 3, '12 75 Twelve samples of bran and shorts were analyzed. Three are below the guar- antee in protein; three are below the guarantee in fat; one is above the guarantee in fiber. Two samples are adulterated with corn bran. ANALYSES OF ° s Brand Name from Label 5513 5498 5542 5555 5578 5603 5649 5400 5446 5684 5938 5468 5569 5687 Shipstuff. .-..do. ....do. ..._do. ..._do. ....do. ....do. ....do- ....do. ..._do. ....do. ...-do. ....do. ....do. Manufacturer or Wholesaler Statesville Flour Mill Co., Statesville, N. C. ..do ..do ..-.- -dO- .do. .do. .do. Retail Dealer d o Qo .".3 ■3 a Ufe D.L. Gore & Co., Wilmington Jan. 23, '12 100 Dunlap Mills, Richmond, Va. ..-.do ....do. - .do. Dan Valley Mills, Danville, Va. ...do ....do Adams Grain & Provision Co., Fayettevilb. Collins, Biggers Co., Monroe Chas. Moody Co., Charlotte Asheville Grocery Co., .\she- ville. J. P. Mills Co., Mooresville.. Crowder & Rand, Raleigh... F. V. Johnson, Greenvill? Dec. F. D. Forester, North VMlke.-- Mar. boro. J. H. Wishart, Lumb'rton July W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro Jan. Geo. A. Rose Co., Henderson JFeb. C. C. Gentry & Co., Elkin...- Mar. Jan. 25, '12: 75 Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Nov. 30, '12, 100 6, '12: 75 15, '12' 75 26, '12 100 27, 'U! 100 8, 'll! 100 7, '12J 100 3, '121 100 17, '12 100 5, '12 100 7, '12! lOO The Bulletin. 35 AND SHORTS— Continued. Guarantee 5701 15.50 few 15.50 15.60 14.50 5758, 562-) 5662 5645 14.. 50 5499 16.00 5365 5949 5951 4.70, 7.10 I 4.70! 7.10 4.00; 5.96 4.00 4.00 4.00 8.00 7.00 , 0^ Analysis Si X 12.75i 4.0," 4.37 16.13 5.54 8.001 55.00 55.00 15.50 15.38 4.88 4.24 60.00 16.75 5.14 14.00 4.74 3.35 13.38 4.58 13.50 4.22 2 « Oj3 3 '3 17.13 3.99 5.04 6.29 6.43 6.77 6.35 63.18 9.75 65.38 4.64 5.31 11.25 Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients Whaat bran and middlings adulterated with corn meal and corn bran. vVheat bran and middlings, do. do. do. 5.18 do. 4.63 do. do. do. SHIPSTUFF. Guarantee Analysis Il ^2 in .So Is si X > "5 1 00 .So ■^ 4d [VI o as X .SIS Oj3 S m < Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 5712 15.00 15.00 15.69 15.69 16.00 4.00 4.00 4.26 4.26 i.50 5.00 6.00 6.87 6.87 7.00 1 55.00 16.63 55.00 1.5 88 5.24 4.C3 4.45 4.28 4.26 3.97 4.39 3.91 3.96 4.51 3.69 3.00 4.61 4.43 5.18 3.83 4.15 3.90 5.36 4.95 3.63 3.56 4.24 6.27 6.26 1 Wheat product. 57.57 do. 5460 58.00 58.00 17.38 17.75 5.03 4.73 5.71 do. 5615 do. ^768 60.00 16.75 do. 5950 14.00 16.38 15.25 5.20 e.69 do. do. do. ■5599 14.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.43 15.43 14.50 14.50 15.00 16.00 16.00 16.50 15.00 15.00 15.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.68 4.68 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.50 3.50 4.00 4.00 4.50 4.50 8.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 5.77 5.77 7.00 7.00 6.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 56.00 5402 e.43 6.18 o511 54.00 16.13 1 56.00 16.25 14.13 5584 6.64 2.57 4.56 5.17 6.43 5.96 6.32 6.97 5.72 8.09 5.76 4.75 2.76 6.27 do. 5702 do. 5697 52.00 52.00 60.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 60.00 50.00 50.00 14.25 17.75 16.88 17.25 16.13 16.13 15.25 17.13 17.00 12.88 10.88 14.50 do. 5557 do. ' 5658 do. 5600 do. 5403 do. 5538 do. 5943 do. 5563 do. 5539 do. 5946 5931 do. do. 5815 14.25 4.34 8.37 do. 38 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF O c 5635 5570 5919 Brand Name from Label Rye Middlings Rye Feed Manufacturer or Wholesaler North Star Feed & Cereal Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Eagle Roller Mill Co., New Ulm, Minn. do. - '31obe Milling Co., VVatertown, 1 Wis. Retail Dealer City Feed Co., Hickory Patterson Co., Greensboro... Elmore-Maxwell, Greensboro Feb. 22, '12 Feb. 5, '12 July 1.5. '12. 100 J3 . SP.2 C 03 100 100 Three samples of rye feeds were analyzed. All come up to the guarantee. ANALYSES OP CORN CHOPS >> Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler .5457 Mixed Corn and Oat Feed- W. S. White & Co., Elizabeth I I City, N. C. 5873' do -do 5372Corn and Oat Chop.. Lewis & Adcock, Knoxville, . Tenn. Retail Dealer Manu'actuer. 5714 Crushed Oats. J 5923. ...do 5868 Flaked Oats and Corn Chop. !Oat Feed 5368 5827 5893 5471 5493 5509 5690 5439 5921 Hominy Feed, .-..do Corn Chops. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. T. P. Na.sh, Elizabeth City.. .\shevilU> Grocery Co., Ashe- ville. W. H. Turner, Winston Co £f.S ^ i oet, Dec. 12, '11 Jan. 22, '12 100 100 Nov. 7, '11: 100 Mar. 14, '12... Winston Grain Co., Winston. July 15, '12; 100 MoUett Grain & Milling Co., McClure, Ohio. Rhyne Roller Mill, Gastonia, N. C. Liberty Mills, Nashville, Tenn ..do --. Boney & Harper, Wilmington, N. C. ..do—. .-do ..do. |E. R. Mixon, Washington. June 21, '12 100 C. Woodard Co., Wilson June 17, '12 100 Churchill & Co., Kinston.... June 27, '12| 100 W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro Jan. 17, '12J 100 Maizo Red Dog Flour Chas. A. Krause Milling Co. Milwaukee, Wis. Corn Chop Forsyth Roller Mills, Winston, N. C. IC. L. Spencer, New Bern Jan. 19, '12 ■J. W. Brooks, Wilmington... Jan. 23, '12 B. G. Thompson & Son, Mar. 12, '12 Goldsboro Matt hews- Weeks & Co., Dee. 7, '11 Rocky Mount. [Farmers Trade House Co., Ji'ly 15, '12 1 Winston. 100 100 100 100 100 Fifteen samples of corn chops and corn and oat feeds were analyzed. Five are below the guarantee in protein; nine are below the guarantee in fat; two are above the guarantee in fiber. The Bulletin. 39 RYE FEEDS ). Guarantee Analysis .5=0 £5 Li 5 o « J3 I. U.-C U3 .So v OS X CO a" 2 a 51 £ 3 'o J3 CO Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 'ifi'^i 14.50 17.72 14.00 1.50 3.20 3.00 5.20 6.47 7.00 63.10 69.00 18.13 19.75 16.00 3.29 3.80 3.62 3.58 6.41 5.59 Rye middlings. 5570 Rye product. 5519 do. AND CORN AND OAT FEEDS. 2u Guarantee 5457 •5=o I w S (Ik- feH 11.44 4.20 8.82 5873 11.44 4.92 5372 9.00 6.00 5714 5923 5868 5368 11. SO 10.00 5.00 4.00 8.82 4.00 9.50 8.00 5827 10.50 10.00 6.31 5893 10.50! 10. OO: 6.31 54711 10.00 6.75 7.75 5493 10.00 8.75 55091 lO.OOi 6.75 569o! 10.00 6.75 54391 8.50 5921 9.87 5.00 3.91 7.75 7.75 7.75 2.00 1.97 O o3 70.00 Analysis £5 9.38 11.25 9.50 13.25 13.00 10.00 7.88 10.63 11.63 9.75 70.00 11.13 70.00 10. 70.00 9.63 8.38 9.13 S OS "cs 'S O 03 o 4.38 4.34 5.23 5.05 2.62 3.71 4.40 6.24 9.74 7.72 7.65 7.62 7.11 4.43 3.07 3.251. 3.35 4.14 72.08 11.32 9.55 8.52 3. 01 8.39 4.26 4.29 7.51 7.33 8.60 8.13 1.01 1.75 74.65 72.81 70.86 10.76 7.19 7.72 Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients Cracked corn and oats. do. 1.87 Cracked corn and rolled oats. . Crushed Oats .| do. Cracked corn, rolled oats. 2.31 Ground corn and oats. Corn product, do. do. 2.53 2.64 do. do. do. do. do. 40 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF >> h Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer o o .a ■ on, 5689 Rice Meal Carolina Rice Mills, Goldsboro, N. C. P. H. Spence, Goldsboro Mar. 11, '12 100. 5692|....do 1 1 ...do B. G. Thompson & Son, Goldsboro. Mar. 12, '12 lOO 6833. ...do ...do C. Woodard Co., Wilson June, 17, '12 lOO 6837|....do ....do Tomlinson & Co., Wilson June 17, '12 loa 6886 ....do —.do W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro June 26, '12 100 5882... .do i ....do B. G. Thompson & Son, June 26, '12 Goldsboro. lOO 6856 .-..do...". ....do D. Lichtenstein, Tarboro June 19, '12 100 5836 Rice Polish ....do Tomlinson & Co., Wilson 'June 17, '12 100 5363 Rice Flour do 1 5553 Rice Bran Tiedman Co., Charleston, S. C. F. B. Ashcraft, Monroe 'jan. 30, '12| 150 5412 Empire Rice Flour No 1... Empire Rice Mills Co., New C. Woodard Co., Wilson Dec. 5, '11 150 Orleans, La. 6423 ....do .—do Wells Grocery Co., Wilson Dec. 5, '11 150 'Afl ....do ....do Hadley Harris Co., Wilson... P. L. Woodard, Wilson Pearsall & Co., Wilmington.. Dec. 5, '11 June 17. '12 July 2, '12 1.50 ')R?fi . do ....do 1.50 5907 ....do 1.50 Fifteen samples of rice feeds were analyzed. Eleven are below the guarantee in protein; eight are below the guarantee in fat; six are above the guarantee in fiber. ANALYSES OF ALFALFA FEEDS (INCLUDING s II Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer Date of Collection O *- ."li £ so - c — cs 5839 5743 Corno Horse andMuleFeed do Corno MUls Co., St. Louis, Mo. ....do Boykin Grocery Co., Wilson. June 17, Patterson Co., Greensboro... Mar. 20, T. M. Benton, Winston Mar. 13, West-Hill Co., Mt. Airy Mar. 5, Burrus & Co., New Bern Jan. 19, New Bern Fruit Co.,NewBern Jan. 19, W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro Jan. 17, Geo. S. Edwards & Co., Dec. 7, Rocky Mount. West-Hill Co., Mt. Airy Mar. 5, Murphy, Jenkins & Co., Tar- June 19, boro. H. M. Jenkins & Co., Wash- June 21, ington. R. B. Peters Grocery Co., June 19, Tarboro. W. H. Turner, Winston Mar. 14, Geo. J. Hales & Bro., Rocky Dec. 7, Mount. •12 '12 100 100 5703 do ....do •12| 100 .56fi9 do ....do '12 100 5849 6486 5469 ,543? ....do ....do ....do ...do Orpamo Oairv Feed. ...do. ....do ....do do •12, 100 •12' 100 •12 100 '11 100 5670 do --. '12. 100 586? ....do.. Purina Molasses Feed ...do ...do... do... do •12 100 6867 5859 Ralston-Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. do •12 100 •12 100 5711 644? do '12 100 do '11 100 The Bulletin. 41 ) RICE FEEDS. Guarantee Analysis >> t.. -^ Si Of 6^ to s 6^ 3 j3 < Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 5689 12.00 9.00 9.00 13.25 13.25 13. 25 9.00 13.25 7.00 8.00 8.00 7.75 7.75 7.75 8.00 7.75 6.30 60.00 60.00 60.00 10.38 10.63 11.00 12.13 10.10 9.24 8.91 12.38 12.17 11.24 r Rice product, do. 5fi92 12.00 5833 12.25 12.25 12.25 12.00 12.25 11.50 do. 5837 10.03! 10.23 do. 5886 5882 60.00 11.50 60.00 10.63 10.02 9.17 10.03 7.62 8.93 12.59 12.29 -- do. do. 5856 11.75 11.63 9.13 12.28 1.52 do. 5836 Ripe nnlish. 5363 12 7fi 60.00 9.29 12. 60 Rife nTnrliirt. 5553 12.50 10.00 10.00 13.50 13.50 13.50 13.50 10.00 40.00 12.63 13. 34' 7. 54 Rice bran. 5412 11.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 10.85 * 50.00 8.13 10. 75 6.47 7.34 13.44 Rice product. 5423 11.50 11.22 do. 5427 11.50 50.00, 8.63 6.75 13.41 do. 5826 11.50 8.63 5.67 11.51 12.46 10.08 do. 5907 12.69 49.35 13.63 Rice Bran, n MOLASSES FEEDS CONTAINING ALFALFA). P *3 t- Sz Guarantee Is few 58391 10.00 5743 10.00 5703 lO.OOj 5669 10.00 5849 10.00. 5486j lO.OOJ 5469| 10.0o| 5432 10.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 o ci Analysis Is. 12.00 10.88 12.00 .58.50 10.13 3.50 12.00 58.50| 11.25 3.50 12.00 58.50 10.13 3.50 12.00 58.50 10.50 12.00, 58.50, 10.88 12.00 58.50' 11.25 12.00 58.50 10.38 fe 0.5 3.29 10.38 3.67 10.00 3.55; 11.81 3.65 13.14 3.76 10.16' 72.53 3.77! 12.76 71.44 3.77! 12.23 70.29 3.72 11.47 o 5670 16.50 4.50 18.00 45.00 15.63' 4.16 5862: 16.50 4.50 I8.O0' 16.63 4.04 5867 10.00 2.50! 12.00 59.00' 11.63 5859 10.00 2.50 12.00 5711 11.50 3.50 10.00 59.00 5442 11.50 4.50 10.00 1 1 59.00 2. 63 11.25| 2.89 10. 001 3.11 9.63i 3.55 20.66 17.25 9.99 9.37 7.97 9.06 9.56 9.28 9.07 3.65 4.63 4.62 Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients Alfalfa meal, oat products, cracked corn, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Alfalfa meal, cotton seed meal, oat pro- ducts, corn products, do. Alfalfa meal, cracked corn, oats, molasses. do. do. Alfalfa meal, cracked corn, screenings, molasses. 42 The Bulletin, ANALYSES OF ALFALFA FEEDS (INCLUDING MO >> i 5- o c ■S 5 Brand Name from Label Manufaflurer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer bf w -X "kJ a rs- 1 o -a a) c ** o ^ 53 O O) Dat Coll 5908 Purina Molasses Feed Ralston Purina Co., St. LouisjBaldwin Grocery Co., Rock- I ! Mo. ; ingham. 5911 ....do. ..do .Covington-Hammond Co., Laurinburg. ..do.. City Feed Co., Hickory 5632 Purina Horse and Mule Feed. 5792[Alfalfa Meal do iFarmcr's Supply Co., Char- I lotte. 5385 Sucrenc Alfalfa Ilor-^c and American Milling Co., Chicago, Job P. Wyatt Sons Co., I Mule Feed. 111. RaU-igh. 5916 Amco Alfalfa Meal... do - iJ. H. Culbreth & Co., Fay- ette ville. 5573 5547 5852 5646 July 4, '121 100 July 5, '12; 100 Feb. 22, '12; 100 I Mar. 28, '12: 100 I Nov. 27, 'llj 100 July 6, '12 100 Feb. 5, '12| 100 __do do - lElmore-Maxwell Co., Greens- I boro. ...do.. |....do - ;J. H. Culbreth & Co., Fay- Jan. 25, '12 100 elte ville Perfection Horse Feed Omaha Alfalfa Milling Co., Omaha, Neb. .do do 5525 do do 5518 do do June 18, '12} 100 100 100 Geo. J. Hales & Bro., Rocky Mount. W. B. Cooper, Wilmington. ..'Fehi. 26, '12 ....do ..'jan. 23, '12 McNair&Pearsall. Wilming- jjan. 23, '12 100 5901 ....do...- '....do.... IJ.S. McEachcrn&Sons, Wil- July 1, '12| 100 mington. 5425'Cracker Mule Feed Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111. Wells Grocery Co.. Wilson... Dec. 5, 'IT 100 5594 do do Perry Woods Co., Durham.. Feb. 8, '12 100 6750 do do Scott-Sparger Co., Greens- Mar. 20, '12| 100 boro. 5805 do i do ..iHigh Point Grocery Co., Apr. 2, '12: 100 ] High Point. 5841 —.do do ..Geo. S. Edwards & Co., June 17, '12 100 Rocky Mount. 5883 5844 5411 5523 5693 5722 5776 5851 5888 5904 5622 ...do •- ._..do Bizzell & Thornton, Golds- June 26, '12; 100 boro. Green Cross Horse Feed...-: do Geo. S. Edwards Co., Rocky June 17, '12 100 Mount. International Horse and International Sugar Feed No. Phillips & Penny, Raleigh Nov. 27, '111 100 Mule Feed. 2 Co., Memphis, Tenn. do ' do.... ..iW. B. Cooper, Wilmington... Jan. 23, '121 100 ....do. ..-.do. ...do. ...do. .do. .do. W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro Mar. 12, '12, 100 Winston Grain Co., Winston. Mar. 14, '12 100 ..do ..do Cow Feed. .do iOverman &-Co., Salisbury. ..jMar. 26, '12 100 .do Geo. J. Hales & Bro., Rocky June 18, '12 100 j Mount. .do iW.C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro June 26, '12 100 .do jworth Co., Wilmington jJuly 2, •12; 100 .do -- Phillips & Penny, Raleigh... IPeb. 23, '121 100 The Bulletin. 43 LASSES FEEDS CONTAINING ALFALFA)— Conimwed. 5- ° s Guarantee +3 -IJ 03 X 5908, 10.00 59111 10.00 5632 12.50 i 5792 j 15.00 5385' 11.00 5916 13.00 5573 13.00 5547! 13.00 i 5852 10.50 5646 10.50 5525; 10.50 5518 10.50 5901 lO.SOJ 5425 10.00 5594 10.00 57.50, 10.00 o Xi Analysis O c3 Oj3 5805 5841 10.00 10.00 2.50 2.50 4.00 1.50 2.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.50 12.00 3.00 12.00 3.50, 12.00 3.00 12.00 3.50 12.00 3.50 12.00 3.50 12.00 3.50 12.00 12.00 9.80 29.50 12.00 5.00 25.00 25.00 12.00 59.00 59.00 58.00 10.13 J3 m 2 to '3 < 3.79 12.63 12.88 50.00 11.63 35.00 14.38 10.88! 3.71 5.08 2.24 35.00 35.00 3.50 2.50 55.00 55.00 12.50 1.48 15.50 10.25 10.63 10.50 2.61 3.96 3.05 3.14 55.00 11.38 3.44 ! i 55.001 11.25; 2.39 12.00 5883 10.00 5844 5411 5523 5693 5722 5776 5851 5888 5904 5622 4.00 12.00 10.00 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50J 1 12.50! I2.50I 16.50! 3.50 3.25 3.50 3.50 3.50 12.00 9.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 58.00 10.75 56.00 10.75 58.00 11.00 58.00 58.00 50.00 50.00 50. OC 10.75 11.38 12.63 10.50 12.88 13.88 12.13 3.50 12.00 12.00 12.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 12.00 3.50 12.00 3.50| 12.00 50.00 11.88 1 50.00 14.13 50.001 13.00 3.42 3.59 3.88 3.79 3.21 3.69 3.74 5.11 3.51 3.67 4.48 4.87 4.74 7.14 6.53 9.24 I 30.33 12.21' 26. 17i 34.881 25.76 9.40 6.73 7.57 8.07 7.81,--. 10.36... 12.84|.'^. 12.87... 50.00; 13.38 4.40 5O.O0I 13.38. 6.10 52.50 18.13 6.69 11.74' 9.66'. 9.62'. I I 6.38. i 9.16!. 12.27'. 8.96|. 8.00. 12.16 9.07 8.95 10.59 9.94 Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients Alfalfa meal, oats, cracked corn, molasses. do. Alfalfa meal, cracked corn, brewers grains, oats. Alfalfa meal. Alfalfa meal, oats, barley, screenings, cotton-seed meal, molasses. Alfalfa meal. do. do. Alfalfa meal, oats, cracked corn, molasses. do. do. do. do. Alfalfa meal, oats, oat hulls, cracked corn. do. Alfalfa meal, oat products, barley, small amount cotton-seed meal, cracked corn. Alfalfa meal, oats, cotton seed meal, cracked corn. Alfalfa meal, oats, cracked corn, small amount cotton-seed meal, ground flax seed. Alfalfa meal, oats, oat products, barley, cotton-seed meal, cracked corn. Oats, cracked corn, alfalfa meal, cotton- seed meal, molasses. Alfalfa meal, screenings, cotton-seed meal, oat products, molasses. Alfalfa meal, screenings, cotton-seed meal, oat hulls, light oats, molasses. Screenings, corn, light oats, alfalfa meal, cotton-seed meal, molasses. Screenings, cotton-seed meal, alfalfa meal, cracked corn, molasses. do. do. do. do. Screenings, light oats, small amount alfalfa meal, cotton-seed meal, molasses 44 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF ALFALFA FEEDS (INCLUDING MO o c Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler 5721[Cow Feed- I 5777 ...-do 5800 5890 5927 5799 International Sugar Feed No. 2 Co., Memphis, Tenn. ....do Retail Dealer ....do - -...do ....do International Sugar Feed . do -do -do... Winston Grain Co., Winston. Overman & Co., Salisbury... Parker & Clark, High Point . . W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro .\dams Grain & Provision Co., Charlotte, do . Parker & Clark, High Point.. 5791 Arab Horse Feed.. 5610 5376 5906 5924 5790 5794 5787 5543 ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. M. C. Peters Mill Co., Omaha, Neb. ...do June Pasture Da-lry Feed. .do. .do. .do. .do. Star Molasses Feed. Illlinois Feed Mills, St. Louis, I Mo. do do ....do. -do. 5488| do _.._' do 5878 Sugarine Alfalfa Horse Sugarine Co., Chicago, 111.. Feed. ..do I do Kornfalfa Feed. ..do. ..do. 5885 5858 5681 5502 5922'Kracker Molasses Feed do 5374 6753. ...do 5896.... do 5894 Katl-Eat Dairy Feed Kornfalfa Feed Milling Co., Kansas City, Mo. .-.do... -...do Farmer's Supply Co., Char- lotte. Ashe-valle Hay & Grain Co., Asheville. ....do H. L. Vollers, Wilmington Peeler Grain & Provision Co., Salisbury. Farmer's Supply Co., Char- lotte. Morrow Grocery Co., Char- lotte. Davidson & Wolflf, Charlotte. a c Co Mar. 14 Mar. 26 Apr. 2 June 26 July 17 Apr. 2 Mar. 28, Feb. 16 Nov. 7 July 2 July 17 Mar. 28 Mar. 28 Mar. 28 Adams Grain & Provision jJan. 25 Co., Fayetteville C. B. Hill, New Bern-... Jan. 19 M. J. Best & Sods, Goldsboro June 26 Sugaration Stock Feed G. E. Patteson& Co., Memphis, Tenn. ..do. - 5375 .do. .do. -do. .do. 5808jCaronoca Carolina Rice Mills, Goldsboro, I N. C. W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro R. B. Peters Grocery Co., Tarboro Cramer Bros. Co., Winston E. Johnson, Littleton Cramer Bros. & Co., Winston Asheville Grocery Co., Ashe- ville. American Commission Co., Greensboro. Burrus & Co., New Bern.... ...-do June 26 June 19 Mar. 6 Feb. 3 July 15 Nov. 7, Mar. 21 June 28 June 28 Asheville Grocery Co., Ashe- |Nov. 7 ville. Stout Produce Co., High Apr. 2 Point. '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '11 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '12 '11 '12 '12 '12 '11 '12 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 The Bulletin, 45 LASSES FEEDS CONTAINING AIjFAL.F A)— Continued. ■n s 5721 5777 5800 5890 5927 5799 5791 561C 5376 5906 5924 5790 5794 5787 5543 5488 5878 5885 5858 5681 5562 Guarantee £S CO i< 5922 5374 5753 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.50 12.50 10.00 IC.OO 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 3.50| 12.00 I 3.50 12.00 3.50 12.00 3.50' 12.00 3.50! 12.00 . 5^ Analysis 52.50 52.50 52.50 52'. 50 52.50 3.50; 12.00, 50.00 V 2.00; 15.00 2.00 2.00 15.00 15.00 2.001 15.00 2. 00 1 15.00 59.00 59.00 8.00 11.65 11.65 5896j 11.65 I 5894! 15.00 5375 15.00 5808 12.25 0.50 2.30 2.30 3.20 4.50 2.50 2.50 3.50 3.50 12.00 3. 50 1 12.00 2.00! 12.50 3.50' 11.04 59.00 59.00 44.00 57.00 57.00 57.00 57.00 12.00 50.00 12.00 50.00 12.00 26.00 12.50 12.50 10.00 10.00 3.50 3.50 11.04 11.04 3.50 12.00 3.50 8.00 12.00 14.00 60.00 60.00 45.00 64.00 65.00 59.00 61.12 17.88 18.25 19.88 16.50 17.88 15.88 10.75 11.75 11.50 11.50 10.50 12.88 10.50 11.50 13.25 9.50; ll.SSJ I 11.75| 12.00: 11.38 11.13 9.88 11.38 11.63 9.63 16.13 16.75 13.25 5.82 5.61 6.54 5.74 4.65 5.46 I 3.36; 3.57! 3.23 3.53 4.02 2.86 3.01 3.11 2.40 3.02 4.16 3.93; 3.10' 3.6I: 3.57 3.62 3.73 4.37 3.70 5.23 5.31^ 9.97! E 11.46 12.97 11.53 10.94 10.48 10.87 7.19 7.08 9.46 8.62 7.44 19.46 8.30 9.23 10.14 10.43 9.87 11.06 9.33 10.88 12.05 7.60 9.38 7.09 7.71 6.06 9.75 12.79 2 =5 Oj3 71.70 GQ < 9. 84 5. 94 Microscopic Examin.ition Shows the Following Ingredients Screenings, light oats, small amount alfalfa meal, cotton-seed meal, molasses Ground screenings, alfalfa meal, small amount cotton-seed meal, corn meal, molasses. Screenings, alfalfa meal, cotton-seed meal, oats, molasses. Ground screenings, cotton-seed meal, alfalfa meal, oat products, molasses, do. Ground screenings, alfalfa meal, small amount cotton-seed meal, oats, cracked corn, molasses. Alfalfa meal, oats, cracked corn, molasses. do. do. do. do. Alfalfa meal, mola.sses. Alfalfa meal, oats, cracked corn, molasses. do. do. do. Ground screenings, alfalfa meal, brewer's grains, cracked corn, oats, molas.ses. do. Alfalfa meal, cracked corn, oats. Alfalfa meal, cracked corn, oat products. do. Alfalfa meal, corn and cob meal, straw, screenings, molasses. ' Cracked corn, alfalfa meal, cotton-seed I meal, oats, molasses. 'Alfalfa meal, oats, cracked corn, molasses. 61.74' 9.94 6.26 Alfalfa meal, rice straw, cotton-seed meal, oats, cracked corn, molasses. Alfalfa meal, rice straw, cotton-seed meal, cracked corn, molasses. Alfalfa meal, cracked corn, cotton-seed meal, molasses. Alfalfa meal, rice meal. 46 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF ALFALFA FEEDS (INCLUDING MO Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Carolina Rice Mills, Goldsboro, N. C. Stafolife Feed & Milling Co., .. New Orleans, La. ....do -- - Retail Dealer 0 C 1 c o '3 o o "o 14, '12 28, '12 19,' 10 20, '12 6, '12 18, '12 18, '12 7, '11 29, '12 21, '12 23, '12 27, '12 1, '12 5, '12 5, '12 5, '12 "o 5730 C. B. Hill, New Bern do. Mar. Juno June Mar. July June Mar. Dec. Feb. June Feb. Aug. July July July July i 100 5897 5863 100 do J. L. Starkey, Greenville Scott-Spargor Co.. Greens- boro. Garrett & McNeil, Red Springs. Matthews- Weeks Co., Rocky Mount. F.G.Paul & Bro., Washington Matthews-Weeks Co., Rocky Mount. W. J. Arey, Shelby.. 100 5748 5915 6855 5738 5435 5665 5870 5625 Derby Horse Feed— Dry .. St.-ifolifo Dairv Feed do -- ....do - 100 100 Badger Alfalfa Horse and Mule Feed, do Chas. A. Krause Milling Co., Milwaukee, Wis. .do 100 do 100 Sunshine Horse and Mule Feed. Excello Mule & Horse Feed Standard Feed -- J. H. Wilkes & Co.. NashviUe, Tenn. Excello Feed Milling Co., St. Jaseph, Mo. Standard Feed Mills, Atlanta, Ga. ...do - 100 F. G. Paul & Bro., Washing- ton. Pool & Hobby, Raleigh Peebles Bros., Raleigh McNair & Pearsall, Wilming- ton. Planter's Trading Co., Laurinburg. J. F. McNair, Laurinburg 100 100 5944 Standard Dairv Feed 100 5903 5910 Nutriline Stock Feed do Nutriline Milling Co.. Crowly, La. ....do.. -- 75 75 5914 do --- ..._do 75 5912 Winner Molasses Feed Robinsou-Danforth Co.. St. Louis. Mo. McLaurin & Shaw, Laurin- burg. 100 Eighty-seven samples of alfalfa feeds were analyzed. Fifteen are below the guar- antee in protein; thirteen are below the guarantee in fat; fifteen are above the guarantee in fiber. The Bulletin. LASSES FEEDS CONTAINING AhFAhF A)— Continued. 47 I Guarantee Analysis 3z i .So Is 03 1 -^ -e-s 10 .So Is -is XI 0^ J3 Microscopic Examination Siiows the Following Ingredients 5730 12.25 10.00 10.00 in no 8.00 3.25 3.25 4.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.10 4.10 3.50 3.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 2.30 14.00 15.00 15.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 15.00 12.00 15.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.50 61.12 53.00 50.00 56.00 58.41 57.00 58.00 57.00 11.25 9.88 10.00 11.63 16.38 10.88 11.38 16.00 11.25 10.13 11.50 20.63 10.88 10.50 10.63 9.88 8.31 4.16 4.52 6.45 4.77 2.62 3.75 3.61 4.35 3.68 4.37 5.13 8.37 5.99 5.32 3.48 17.79 6.94 58P7 Cotton-seed meal, small amount alfalfa 5863 5748 7.04 11.48 7.76 meal, dried brewer's grains, oat products cracked corn, rice product, molasses, do. Brewer's grains, alfalfa meal, rice bran, 5915 11.50 cracked corn. Alfalfa meal, brewer's grains, corn, cotton. 1 1 5855 10.00 9.08 seed meal, rice product, screenings, molasses. Alfalfa meal, oats, cracked corn, molasses. 5738' 10.00 10.55 do. 5435 16.00 9.83 6.92 10.12 Screenings, malt sprouts, brewer's grains. 5665 10.00 11.51 11.50 17.50 11.00 11. on cotton-seed meal, small amount alfalfa meal, molasses. Alfalfa meal, cracked corn, oats, molasses. 5870 Alfalfa meal, oats, cracked corn, molasses. Alfalfa meal, cracked corn, brewer's grains. 5625 7.81 5944 10.09 5.70 3.51 4.14 6.12 molasses. Alfalfa meal, corn product, cotton-seed 5903 meal, oat products, malt sprouts, molasses. Alfalfa meal, corn, cotton-seed meal, rice 5910 product, molasses, do. I 59141 11.00 do. 5912I 10.00 Alfalfa meal, cracked corn, oats, molasses. 48 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF 2^ u3Z 5832 5774 5715 5546 5473 5384 5881 5775 5429 P. 5390 5834 5734 5449 5417 5887 5880 5396 5889 Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Sucrene Dairy Feed JAmerican Milling Co., Chicago, ' 111. do.. do-- ...do.-.. ...do.... ...do. ...do.. do. do- .do. .do. Retail Dealer o Po 5= I C. Woodard Co., Wilson 'june 17, '12 100 O. H. Wright & Co., Wil- mington. W. H. Turner, Winston... Mar. 27, '12 Mar. 14, '12 J. H. Culbreth & Co., Fay- Jan. 25, '12 ettevillo. M. J. Best & Sons, Goldsboro iJan. 17, '12 iNov. 27, '11 Suerene Horse & Mule Feed . . .do. ....do. -...do. -..-do Hammond Dairy Feed. ..--do -...do -- -—do do. -do-. .do.. 100 100 100 100 100 100 . Job P. Wyatt, Sons Co., i Raleigh. B. G. Thompson Co., Golds- June 26, '12 boro. O. H. Wright & Co., Wilming- Mar. 27, '12] 100 ton. I C. Woodard Co., Wilson Dec. 5, '11 Job P. Wyatt Sons Co., Raleigh. Western Grain Products Co., Tomlinson & Co., Wilson. Hammond, Ind. Buirus & Co., New Bern.. Nov. 27, '11 100 100 ...do. ...do. L. M. Savagf, Greenville . June 17, '12j 100 1 Mar. 14, '12| 100 Doc. 8, '111 100 -do Tomlinson & Co., Wilson. |Dec. 5, '11 Sugarine Dairy Feed. Sugarine Co., Chicago, 111 W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro June 26, '12 -do |M. J. Best & Sons, Goldsboro June 26, '12 -do ._ -do. .do_ -do- Sugarine Horse Feed. Crowdor& Rand, Raleigh-- -JNov. 2r, '11 1 W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro June 26, '12 100 100 100 100 100 5405 Crystalloid Dairy Feed iJonasF. Eby & Son, Lancaster, W. A. Myatt, Raleigh _-.-|Nov. 27, 'll| 100 Pa. do do..- 5947 5801 5845 5017 5925 -do lAug. 27, '12, 100 International Feed & Char-ilnternational Sugar Feed No. coal. 1 2 Co., Memphis, Tenn. Quaker Molas.ses Dairy 'Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111. Feed do - do .-. -do- -do- Parker & Clark, High Point- Apr. 2, '12 100 June 17, "121 100 Geo. S. Edwards Co., Rocky, Mount. Armfield Co., Fayetteville--. July 0, '12 100 Thompson Grain & Feed July 17, '12 Store, Salisbury. I Twenty-four samples of molasses feeds were analyzed. Five are below the guar- antee in protein; one is below the guarantee in fat; one is above the guarantee in fiber. The Bulletin. 49 MOLASSES FEEDS. Guara ntee Analysis >> XI S CM Is 6S 5? .So few 1-1 a XI to 3 .2 o J3 < 5832 16.50 16.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 2.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 50.00 50.00 11.38 18.38 16.38 16.50 20.50 16.88 12.13 11.00 10.63 9.88 17.00 17.63 5.47 4.95 5.48 4.65 4.40 4.65 3.73 4.27 3.27 3.61 5.70 6.13 4.75 5.06 5.32 6.84 4.69 4.72 4.57 5.21 6.16 5.13 4.89 4.50 9.07 10.21 9.01 8.47 9.61 10.28 5.65 6.96 8.67 7.68 10.49 5774 1 5715 16. .50 5546 16.50 16.50 16.50 10.00 5473 5384 58.63 8.61 7.86 5881 1 5775 10.00 5429 10.00 12.00 50.00 1 5390' 10.00 12.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 5834 17.00 5734 17.00 10.05 10.26 11.15 7.54 9.26 11.65 6.60 10.81 10.03 12.06 14.12 14.17 16.02 5449 17.00 17.00 16.50 16.50 50.00 17.50 50.00| 17.50 46.00: 17.13 5417 5SS7 5880 46.00 46.00 50.00 46.00 46.00 41.50 20.75 17.25 11.50 17.25 18.25 20.25 15.63 15.88 17.13 5396 16.50 5889 5405 10.00 16.50 16.50 18.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 5947 5801 5845 5917 5925 Microscopic E.xamination Shows the P^oUowing Ingredients Ground screenings, cotton-seed meal, cracked corn, molasses. Ground screenings, cotton-seed meal, gluten feed, molasses. Ground screenings, cotton-seed meal, gluten feed, oat products, molasses. Ground screenings, cotton-seed meal, molasses. Screenings, oat hulls, cotton-seed meal, ghiten feed, molasses. Screenings, cotton-seed meal, gluten feed, molasses. Ground screenings, cracked corn, cotton- seed meal, molasses, do. Screenings, cracked corn, linseed meal, molasses, do. Screenings, small amount cotton-seed meal, oats, barley, molasses. Ground screenings, cotton-seed meal, barley, malt sprouts, molasses. Screenings, oat products, small amount cotton-seed meal, molasses, do. Ground screenings, cotton-seed meal, malt sprouts, molasses, do. Screenings, cotton-seed meal, gluten feed, molasses. Ground screenings, cotton-seed meal, cracked corn, molasses. Screenings, cotton-seed meal, gluten feed, molasses. Screenings, wheat product, cotton-seed meal, malt sprouts, molasses. Oil meal, tankage, charcoal, screenings, molasses. Screenings, oat products, malt sprouts, cotton-seed meal, molasses. Screenings, oat products, malt sprouts, flax pods, molasses. do. 50 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF Six samples of dried beet pulp were analyzed. All come up to the guarantee. ANALYSES OF COT S S 6577 Boveta Feed- 5598Perfecto Brand Cotton- seed Feed. 5720 ....do- --. .do. Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer Southern Cotton Oil Co., Char- lotte, N. C. ....do.... .do. .do. 5807 Ji.'?7S Cotton-seed Feed Meal ;Southern Cotton Oil Co., Lau- irens, S. C. Durham Brand Cotton- Florida Cotton Oil Co., Jack- seed Feed. sonville, Fla. do do do 1 do...--. 5798 Cold Pressed Cake Mt. Gilead Cotton Oil Co., Mt. Gilead, N. C. Chas. Moody Co., Charlotte.. I [Merchants Supply Co., Bur- lington. . AVinston Grain Co, Winston.. .Stout Produce Co., High Point. C. J. Jeffries Co., Canton Churchhill & Co., Kinston. M » c ^T •5 '5 0 " " 0 P =3 0 0 C j^ ^■3 :n^ Qo OA. .do. Parker & Clark, High Point .-..do 5572 Cotton Seed Meal 5373 5519 5520 5549 Creamo Brand Cotton- seed Feed. ..do -...do Cold Pressed Cake. Elba Manufacturing Co., Max- ton, N. C. Tennessee Fibre Co., Memphis, Tenn. -do -- -do. Elmore-Maxwell Co., Greens- boro. Asheville Grocery Co., .\she- vdlle. McNair & Pearsall, Wilming- ton. J. H. Watters, Wilmington.. Feb. 6, '12 100 Feb. 9, '12 100 Mar. 14, '12! 100 Apr. 2, '12 100 Oct. 14, '11, 100 Jan. 18, '12J 100 Mar. 13, '12: 100 .^pr. 2, '12 100 Apr. 2, '12 100 Feb. 5, '12 100 Nov. 7, 'll! 100 June 23. '12, 100 Jan. 25, '12 lOO Mrs. J. B. Ingram, Lilesville, N. C. The Bulletin. 51 DRIED BEET PULP. Guarantee Analysis »o .Hto Sx Is few .S .9 to 03 X s .1 2 5 en 'o Microscopic Examination Show.s the Following Ingredients 5884 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 9.00 8.38 8.88 8.88 8.88 9.25 1.10 1.25 0.88 0.80 0.96 0.80 17.53 17.52 18.03 18.32 17.76 17.74 Dried Beet Pulp, do. 5871 5476 .5458 77.23 9.09 3.92 do. do. .5448 do. 5440 do. TON-SEED FEEDS. Guarantee Protein (N xfi.25) Analysis . a a; 03 X few o fe a" 2 =3 1. few t4 fe is 0.^ 1 2 a 'o J3 < Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 5577 17.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 36.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 26.00 38.02j 20.00! 20.00! j 20.00 3.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 1 40.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 12.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 20.00 10.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 i '' 30.00 30.00 .30.00 17.50 26.88 22.6.^ 3.54 29.63 Cotton seed hulls and meal. 5598 5.19 4.25 19.58 22.27 Cotton-seed meal and hulls. 5720 do. 5807 30.00 25.88 5.07' 18.63 do. 5378 30.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 30.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 37.50 24.75 24.00 25.50 25.38 39.38 27.75 20.25 21.13 25.63 7.43 6.27 6.97 7.52 8.82 7.36 6.49 4.22 4.. 55 7.04 9.29 16.04 16.92 15.41 22.35 11.53 14.78 22.05 22.00 23.78 do. 5483 5729 55.27 8.44 5.27 do. do. 5802 do. 5798 Cold Dressed cotton-sppd caVo 5572 Cotton-seed meal 5373 5519 52.01 8.18 5.57 Cotton-seed meal and hulls, do. 5520 5549 do. Oold pressed cotton-seed cake. 1 52 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF COTTON 5533 5464 5462 5461 5679 5035 Brand Name from Label Cold Pressed Coke. .--do Cotton Seed Meal Ko-Pres-Ko Cotton-seed Feed. Manufacturer or Wholesaler Mrs. J. B. Ingram.Lilesville, N. C. -do Bertie Cotton Oil Co., Au- lander, N. C. Universal Oil & Fertilizer Co., \Mlnungton, N. C. Arey Oil & Fertilizer Co., Sal- isbury, N. C. (To J do r M. Benton, Winston- Retail Dealer a o ^ ° Co J3 - ^ I -o ^ oa. I'ramer Bros. Co., Winston- Mar. G, '12-... July 15. '12 100 Twenty samples of cotton-seed feeds were analyzed. Four are below the guar- antee in protein; four are below the guarantee in fat; five are above the guarantee in fiber. ANALYSES OF 2fc ° & -4Z 5647 5773 5528 5900 Brand Name from Label Gluten Feed .do. Buffalo Gluten Feed- Diamond Hog Meal-. Maniifarturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer c o (U-J led. "I- Oouglas & Co., Cedar Rapids, O. H. Wright, \Mlmington.- Feb. 26, '12 Iowa. ..do-.. do -.- Mar. 27, '12 Corn Products Refining Co., '.lohn S. McEachern & Sons, .Ian. 24, '12' 100 New York, N. Y. Wilmington. do do .- - 100 100 luly 1. '12, 100 Four samples of gluten feeds were analyzed. Two are below the guarantee in fat; one is above the guarantee in fiber. I The Bulletin. 53 SEED FEEDS — Continued. 5533 5464 5462 54611 5679 5935 2z Guarantee few 10.00 10.00 2.50 2.50 .a O c3 Uj3 40.00 40.00 70.00 o Is 29.25 23.63 39.50 23.13 13.88 70.00 13.38 Analysis u CJ K P ■*^ -tJ , ^ at (E xtrac b4 -O I- SI 3 'o X feW fe 0.a s < Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 9.10 10.89 18.53 21.51. 7.86, 8.44;. ! I 9.05 19.33' 2.63 33.89 2.70 29.55 Cold pressed cotton-seed cake . do. Cotton-seed meal. Cold pressed cotton-seed cake. Cotton-see i hulls and meal. do. GLUTEN FEEDS. ° s Guarantee CI .So Sx 5647 5773 5528, Li 53 X few 20.00 3.00 20.00 23.00, 3.00 2.50 XI 8.00 O c3 Analysis .So Bx £S S?3 I t. IS (3 X few fe . a* .at. 0.a o 23.38 2.52 6.50 .00| : 21.75 .50 28.00 5900 18.00' 8.00 13.00 2.60 6.70 6.60. 6.53. Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 19.75 10.87 13.63. Gluten feed. do. do. Corn product and ground bone. 54 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF >> ° s ►J 2; Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer 5434 5737 5869 5456 5874 5866 5516 5864 5451 5452 5506 5485 5767 5478 6877 5495 5899 5735 5736 5526 5865 5771 5733 5717 5560 5484 5364 Cracked Corn IS. D. Scott & Co., Norfolk, Matthews-Weeks & Co., I Va. Rocky Mount. -.-do ;-...do ..[F. G. Paul & Bro., Washing- ton. do 1 do E. R. Mixon, Washington.. . do Iw. S. White & Co., Elizabeth Manufacturer City, N. C. j — .do ....do. IT. P. Nash, Elizabeth City.. do Dabney Brokerage Co., New- H. M. Jenkins Co., Washing- port News, Va. ton. do -- ... Boney & Heyer, Wilmington, F. E. Hashhogen, Wilming- N. C. ton. do J. Havens, Washington, N. C L. M. Savage, Greenville do Mayo Milling Co., Richmond, E. R. Mixon, Washington Va. : do do Peterson Co., Washington... do do Stone Co., Wilmington _. do... ..R. D. HoUoway & Co., Nor-C. L. Spencer, New Bern I folk, Va. do.. ' do C. W. Stevens Co., Elizabeth City. do Virginia Mills, Suffolk, Va H. C. Edwards, Kinston do do Anderson, Crawford & Co., Willianiston. do. Elm City Lumber Co., New Manufacturer.. _ Bern, N. C. ....do.. do T. P. Ashford, New Bern.... ..do City Hay & Grain Co., Nor- JHancock & Co., Beaufort folk, Va. ! .--.do --..|R. T. Willis, Morehead City.. J. R. McEachern & Sons, Wil- Manufacturers.. mington, N. C. Carter Venable Co., Richmond, Va. D. P. Read & Bro., Norfolk Va. Louisville Cereal Mill Co., Louisville, Ky. a o ■*^ — ^ I Dec. 7, '11 Mar. 18, '12 June 21, '12 Dec. 12, '11 June 22, '12 June 21, '12 Jan. 23, '12 June 17, '12 Dec. 12, '11 Dec. 12, '11 Jan. 22, '12 Jan. 19, '12 ....do. ...do. 5875 do ..do. ..do. .-do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Harrison Bros. & Co., Wil- liamston. Latham Owens Co., Ply- mouth. J. C. Stevenson, Wilmington J. H. Branch & Co., Ports- mouth, Va. W. H. Turner, Winston H. F. Munt, Petersburg, Va... Churchhill & Co., Kinston Spring Mills Co., Richfield, N. C. Pough & Brooks Co., New Born. Manufacturer Weldon Grocery Co., Weldon Manufacturer Mar. 21, '12 Jan. 18, '12 June 24, '12 Jan. 19, '12 June 28, '12 Mar. 15, '12 Mar. 15, '12 Jan. 24, '12 June 24, '12 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 100 75 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 June 20, '12^ 100 Mar. 27, '12 75 Mar. 14, '12 100 Mar. 14, '12 100 Feb. 3, '12 100 Jan. 18, '12 100 Twenty-eight samples of cracked corn were analyzed. Seven are below the guar- antee in protein; five are below the guarantee in fat; four are above the guarantee in fiber. The Bulletin. CRACKED CORN. Si Guarantee Is 5424 5737 5869 5456 5874! 5866 5516 5864 5451 5452 5506 5485 5767 5478 5877 5495 5399 5735 5736 5526 5875 5865 5771 5733 5717 5560 5484 5364 8.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 8.00 8.50 8.50 10.37 10.37 10.37 8.00 8.00 8.50 8.50 8.00 8.00 10.30 8.50 S.OO 9.50 9.00 9.00 10.00 8.50 « 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 2.85 2.85 2.85 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 5.50 3.50 4.00 3. 4.00 4.00 4.30 3.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.50 3.00 1.52 1.52 1.52 6.00 6.00 3.60 3.50 5.00 5.00 2.30 2.00 6.00 6.50 4.00 3.00 9.00 3.00 tn O 03 Oj3 Analysis 66.001 65.00! 65.00 65.00 70.00 few 60.00 60.00 70.40 70.00 60.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 9.38 10.13 9.63 8.75 9.13 9.38 9.50 8.63; 9.50! 1 10.25! 10.25 9.75 9.25 9.75 8.88 10.25 9.88 9.63 9.50 10.00: 8.?S, j 10.13; 9.38, 9.88! 9.25 S.25 9.75! 6.63 J2 3.74 4.08 4.14 4.13 4.041 4.58| 1.73 2.56 1.98 1.99 1.57 1.76 4.181 2.33 4.89 3.87! 3.97i 3.82 3.48 2.52 2.09 2.11 2.50 1.77 2.79 1.47 3.84 3.89 3.92 3.82J 3.17 3.70 4.96 3.52 5.07 3.79 5.19 4.89 4.25 3.83 3.98 2.13 1.59 2.27 1.60 2.14 2.29 2.42 1.66 2.01 1.83 2.62 o Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 74.80! 10.65 1.32 74.29 74.18 2.46 2.21 2.06! 74.05 4.79i 73.90 10.63 10.23 1.49 1.42 10.86 13.94 1.51 1.55 Cracked corn. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 56 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF SPE 2^ ^1 Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer 58431 Banner Feed--- jQuaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111. Geo. S. Edwards & Co., 1 Rocky Mount. 5477 Schumacher Stock Feed--. do iBizzcll & Thornton, GolcL-s- 1 I boro. 5604 Fine Feed Mountain City Mill Co., Chat- Asheville Grocery Co., Ashe- tanooga, Tenn. ! ville. 5644 do do , Owenby Wafford Co., Mur- phy. 66771 do -- ' do. Cramer Bros. Co., Winston.. 5716 ,. .-do- do W. H. Turner, Winston 5796 do ! do Morrow Grocery Co., Char- j lotte. 5580 Boss Feed Asheville Milling Co., Ashe- W. J. Fite, Charlotte _-. ^^lle, N. C. \ ..do do Byers Bros., Hendersonvilla a o o +^ o PO 5616 5655 5793 5637 Milco Feed. ...do. ...do- 5627 5601 5597 5639 5581 5641 5783 5789 5933 5556|Model Mill Feed- ..-do-- ...do... ..-.do Acme Feed do. D. A. Page & Co., Gastonia do W. J. Fite, Charlotte -.. dO- City Feed Co., Hickory do— Bost & Newton, Hickory do jW. S. Ashwotth & Son, Bre- vard. Peerless Feed J. Allen Smith & Co., Knox- Merchants Supply Co., Bur- ville, Tenn, < lington. do A. Blanton Grocery Co., Maiion. Acme Milling Co., Talbot, Farmers Supply Co., Char- Tenn. lotte. -do do— --- _. Gj,ston & Tate, Maiion -do do 'Ohab. Moody Co., Charlotte -do do- Farmei's Supply Co., Char- lotte. ^ 1 -C o -do- 5666 5936 5576 5656 5661 5747 5731 5898 5699 5474 5596 -..do. ...do. .dc Davidson & Wolff, Charlotte Model Mill Co., Johnson City, Tenn. ----do - ....do Imperial Feed. ....do .do. Stafolife Cattle & Hog Feed Royal Feed H. W. Little & Co., Wades- boro. W. J. Arey, Shelby A. E. Rankin & Co., Fay- i ette ville. Newport Mill Co., Loudon, iCochian, McLoughlin Co., Tenn. Charlotte. do F. D. Barkley & Co., Gas- tonia. do Armstrong Co., Gastonia Stafohfe Feed & Milling Co., [Scott-Sparger Co., Greens- New Orleans, La. I boro. ....do Creamo Cow Chops. Boss Feed- Feed C. L. Spencer, New Bern. .do- Huff & Cook, Roanoke Va. Manufacturer. .do. Farmers Union Agency Co., Winston. Adams Grain & Provision Co., jM. J. Best & Son, Goldsboro Charlotte, N. C. Statesville Flour MiU Co , Statesville, N. C. June 16, '12 Jan. 17. '12 Feb. 15, '12 Feb. 19 '12 Mar. 6, '12 jMar. 14, '12 Mar. 28, '12 Feb. 6, '12 Feb. 17, '12 Feb. 28, '12 Mar. 28, '12 Feb. 22, '12 Feb. 22, '12 Feb. 14, '12 Feb. 9, '12 Feb. 22, '12 Feb. 6, '12 Feb. 22, '12 Mar. 27, '12 Mar. 28, '12 July 18, '12 Jan. 31, '12 Feb. 29, '12 July 6, '12 Feb. 6, '12 Feb. 28, '12 Feb. 28, '12 Mar. 20, "12 Mar. 14, '12 June 28, '12 Mar. 12, 'li Jan. 17, 12 100 75 75 100 100 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 100 100 100 75 75 75 75 75 100 75 75 75 75 100 100 100 100 '100 Thirty-three samples of special mixed feeds were analyzed; fourteen are below the guarantee in protein; six are below the guarantee in fat; four are above the guarantee in fiber. The Bulletin. 57 CIAL MIXED FEEDS. Guarantee Analysis O p £5 o S J! a X 4.00 3.25 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.84 3.84 3.84 4.00 4.00 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 10.00 6.00 6. on 4.50 4.00 A- O 03 6^ .Sti Sx a S-a a X m A-2 0 a •t-o 'o J3 Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 5843' 10 00 9.00 9.00 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.1? 7.17 7.17 7.00 7.00 7.39 7.39 7.39 7.39 7.39 7.15 7.15 7.15 8.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 10.44 10.44 4.30 9.00 62.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 66.47 66.47 66.47 58.00 58.00 59.21 59.21 59.21 59.21 59.21 55.00 55.00 55.00 60.18 60.18 60.00 48.00 73.00 73.00 63.00 9.63 10.38 13.13 14.63 13.25 3.48 3.35 6.36 5.52 6.11 7.26 8.32 4.09 4.42 4.85 Oat products, wheat products, cracked corn. Oat products, ground corn, wheat flour. Wheat and corn product. do. do. 5477 10.00 5604[ l-'i -"^n 73.47 9.20 3.60 5644 5677 15.50 15 ."in 5716 12 .50 13.38' 6.85 14.38 5.02 16.13 4.52 13.88 4.15 16. .50; 4.52 12.69! 4.31 14.50 4.06 14.13 4.63 12.75 4. ,'58 6.19 5.20 6.84 5.65 do. 5796 12.50 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 15.38 l.'i .•?« do. 5580 do. do. 5616 5655 6.78 do. 5793 6.62 do. 5637 5.51 4.61 do. 5627 do. 5601 l-^; 3S 4.65 do. 5597 15.00 15.00 12.94 12.94 12.94 12.94 12.94 14.70 14.70 14.70 13.00 13.00 13.00 14.00 10.00 10.00 18.00 10.00 13.75 13.75 14.63 15.75 14.50 14.50 13.13 17. '3 15.50 15.13 11.63 13.63 12.25 12.38 11.63 11.75 21.88 9.38 12.75 3.80 4.28 6.50 7.03 6.40 6.48 4.02 4.99 6.89 4.65 4.72 6.96 4.86 10.00 6.74 5.52 4.52 3.03 4.26 6.93 4.19 6.83 6.85 6.55 7.02 6.22 7.33 6.73 7.05 10.21 7.85 9.03 6.09 9.37 6.59 4.82 7.17 3.64 do. 5639 do. 5581 do. 5641 do. 5783 do. 5789 do. 5933 • do. 5556 Wheat product and corn bran. 5666 do. 5936 do. 5576 Wheat and corn product. 5656 do. 5661 do. 5747 • Wheat and rice product. 5731 Corn product, cotton-seed meal, wheat 5898 bran, oats. do. 5699 Gluten feed, corn meal, cotton-seed 5474 5596 74.65 9.50 3.44 meal. Cracked corn and oat products. Wheat and corn product. 58 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF 5391 5492 5531 5595 5755 5782 5706 5804 5393 5392 Globe Scratch Feed. Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer Albert Dickinson Co., Chicago, III. do do-- do do. Pine Tree Scratch Feed ' do .-..do ....do Job P. Wyatt Sons Co., Ral- eigh. C. L. Spencer, New Bern... a o 0(u J. S. McEachern & Sons, Wil- mington. Brwdlove & McFarland, Ox- ford, do lElmore-Maxwell Co., Greens- boro. I do.. .\dams Grain & Provision Co. Charlotte. White Cross Chicken Feed. White Cross Scratch Feed. Crescent Chick Feed King Pigeon Feed. 5751'Quaker Scratch Feed. 5742 Sterling Scratch Feed. 5765 5707 5636 5470 5454 5410 5409 5825 5842 5847 5673 5606 ...do Corno Hen Feed. ..-.do ....do ....do .do. Corno Chick Feed. .do. -do. Purina Chicken Chowder ..-.do .do. 5861 Chicken Feed. 5831 5784 .do. .do. -do. ..do. ..do. -do. T. M. Benton, Winston Parker & Clark, High Point. Job P. Wyatt Sons Co., Ral- eigh. ....do Nov. 27, '11 Jan. 19, '12 Jan. 24, '12 Feb. 8, '12 Mar. 21, '12 Mar. 27. '12 Mar. 13, '12 Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111.. Scott-Sparger Co., Greens- boro, do.... .do-. O. F. Pearce, Greensboro. --. R. G. Hiatt, Greensboro. Corno Mills Co., St. Louis, Mo.. Norman, Marr, Dalton Co Winston do Nov. 27, '11 Nov. 27, '11 Mar. 21, '12 Mar. 20, '12 Mar. 22, '12 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ..do. ..do. .do. .do. .do. City Feed Co., Hickory W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro C. W. Stevens Co., Elizabeth City. PhiUips & Penny, Raleigh. . -...do— - Ruffin-High Co., Wilson. do Geo. S. Edwards & Co., I Rocky Mount. Ralston-Purina Co., St. Louis, Geo. J. Hales & Bro., Rocky Mo. -.-do- -do. Ralston-Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. ...do Mount. G. C. Lovill Co., Mt. Airy.. Asheville Grocery Co., Ashe- ville. R. B. Peters Grocery Co., Tarboro. C. Woodard Co., Wilson .do Chas. Moody Co., Charlotte. Mar. 13, '12 100 i Feb. 22, '12i 100 I Jan. 17, '12^ 100 Dec. 13, '11.... Nov. 27, '11 Nov. 27, '11 100 100 .Tune 17, '12.... June 17, '12; 100 June 17, '12! 100 Mar. 5, "12 100 Feb. 15, '12 100 June 19, '12 100 June 17, '12! 100 Mar. 27, '12 100 The Bulletin. 59 POULTRY FEEDS. Guarantee Analysis 2.S ° e fj2; CM .Scd a X o .Q E 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 v i 1 t.T3 "3 .J3 tn < .5391 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 68.00 68.00 68.00 10.50 11.63 11.13 11.75 10.00 10.63 11.38 11.38 10.25 12.63 11.75 10.88 10.75 10.13 10.88 10.75 12.00 11.00 10.63 11.00 10.38 20.25 17.63 19.25 10.88 10.75 10.50 3.55 3.18 4.10 3.84 3.94 3.79 4.09 4.25 2.45 3.46 2.54 4.15 3.89 2.60 4.32 3.72 3.14 3.86 3.70 2.60 3.09 4.24 4.67 4.39 3.38 3.12 3.86 2.48 2.86 2.84 5492 73.01 10.33 1.85 5595 2.44 5755 1.91 5782 2.35 2.82 2.61 2.35 3.70 2.90 2.80 2.40 1.65 3.43 2.29 2.55 2.11 2.35 2.60 2.24 7.14 6.92 7.49 2.36 2.60 2.49 i 1 5706 5804 1 5393 5392 5751 5742 5765 5707 5636 5470 5454 73.93 9.84 1.76 ,5410 10.00 10.75 10.75 10.75 16.00 16.00 17.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 3.50 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.60 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 68.00 68.00 56.00 65.00 65.00 ,5403 .5825 5842 5847 5673 5606 .5861 .5831 ^ 5784 1 Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients Cracked corn, wheat, kaffir corn, buck- wheat, oats, sunflower seed, ground limestone, oil cake. Wheat, cracked corn, kaffir corn, buck- wheat, sunflower seed, oats, barley, do. Wheat, cracked corn, kaffir corn, barley, sunflower seed, grit. Wheat, barley, kaffir corn, sunflower seed, cracked corn. Wheat, barley, oats, sunflower seed, kaf- fir corn, cracked corn. Wheat, kafl5r corn, barley, oats, buck- wheat, sunflower seed, cracked corn, do. Partially ground corn, wheat, kafiii corn, millet seed, hulled oats, grit. Cracked corn, wheat, buckwheat, kaffir corn, peas, millet seed, oats, grit. Wheat, barley, kaffir corn, buckwheat, sunflower seed, charcoal, cracked corn, do. Wheat, oats, kaffir corn, buckwheat, cracked corn, charcoal. Wheat, kaffir corn, cracked corn. Wheat, cracked corn, kaflir corn, sun- flowei seed. Cracked corn, wheat, kaffir corn. Cracked corn, wheat, kaffir corn, sun- flower seed, oats, barley. Cracked corn, kaflir com, wheat. Partially ground corn, wheat, kaffir corn, millet seed, do. do. Alfalfa meal, wheat bran, corn meal, beef scrap, blood meal, charcoal. Wheat bran, middlings, corn meal, al- falfa meal, linseed meal, ground meat, charcoal, do. Partially ground wheat, corn, kaffir corn, weed seed, millet seed. do. Wheat, barley, oats, kaffir corn, sun- flower seed, weed seed, cracked corn. 60 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF POUL h |i J2: Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer a ^ 2 11 Go 'o OIX 5713 Chicken Feed Ralston-Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. ....do W. H. Turner, Winston Mar. 14, '12 100 5674 do.- G. C. Lovill Co., Mt. Airy .- Mar. 5, '12 100 5607 ....do , -.-.do -Asheville Grocery Co., Ashe- %-illo. Feb. 15, '12 100 5587 ....do ....do... Southern Feed & Grocery Co., Durham Feb. 7, '12 100 5566 ....do... ....do.- P. A. Reaves Co., Louisburg Feb. 5, '12 100 5512 ..._do ..-.do- - . D. L. Gore & Co., Wilming- Jan. 23, '12 ion ton. 5846 -...do ---.do Geo. J. Hales & Bro., Rocky Mount. June 17, '12 100 5891 Amco Hen Feed American Milling Co., Chicago, 111. H. C. Edwards, Kinston June 27, '12 100 5892 Amco Chick Feed Cackle Poultry Feed ....do ..-do June 27, '12 Feb. 28, '12 ion 5653 Edwards & Loomis Co.. Chi- D. A. Page & Co., Gastonia. 100 cago, 111. 5663 Cackle Fine Feed ..-.do - - - . J. Flem Johnson Co., Gas- tonia. Feb. 28, '12 5746 Growing Feed for Chick- ens. Park & Pollard Co., Boston, Mass. Patterson Co., Greensboro. .. Mar. 20, '12 100 5745 Dry Mash Feed ...do ....do Mar. 20, '12 100 5744 Chicken Feed Chicken Feed -.-do . _do Mar. 20, '12 Mar. 28, '12 inn 5795 Illinois Feed Mill.s, St. Louis, Morrow Grocery Co., Char- lon Mo. lotte. 5565 ....do Robinson-Danfoith Co., St. Louis, Mo. P. A. Reaves Co., Louisburg Feb. 5, '12 100 5575 ....do.. ... ...do Herbert Irwin, Charlotte Feb. 6. '12 100 5654 ...-do... ...do : D. A. Page & Co., Gastonia Feb. 28, '12 100 5586 Regal Scratch Chicken .-do - - - Southern Feed & Grocery Feb. 7, '12 mo Feed. » Co., Durham. 5659 1 Home Scratch Feed Just Mining & Feed Co., Nash- ville, Tenn. F. D. Barkley & Co., Gas tonia. Feb. 28, '12 100 5809' Dixie Scratch Feed. ..do - - ! Stout Produce Co., High Point. Apr. 2, '12 ion 5803 ....do ..-.do. Parker & Clark, High Point Apr. 2, '12 100 5554] Hollybrook Scratching Feed. T. W. Wood & Sons, Richmond, Va. F. B. Ashcraft, Monroe Jan. 30, '12 100 58131 Woods Poultry Grain Feed. -.--do W. D. Steadman & Son, Ashe- Apr. 2, '12 100 boro. j 5030 Darlings Beef Scraps. ...do City Feed Co., Hickory ; Feb. 22 '12, 100 The Bulletin. 61 TRY FEEDS — Continued. Guarantee 5713; 11.00 3.fiO 4.00 5674 11.00 3.60 4.00 5607 5587 5566 5512 Il.OOi 3.60 4.00 ll.OOi 3.60l 4.00 i ll.OOi 3.60 Analysis =3 I t. ?^ 03 X I Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 11.00 3.60 4.00 65.00 10 5846| 11.00 3.60 589l' 10.001 3.00 65.00 11.25 3.56 2.43 i Wheat, barlej-, oats, kaffir corn, sun- flower seed, weed seed, cracked corn. 65.00 11.13 3.52' 2.52' I ! Wheat, kaffir corn, barley, sunflower seed, cracked corn, weed seed. 65.00 11.25; 4.68 3.15; ICracked corn, wheat, kaffir corn, barley, ! 1 i sunflower seed. 65. OOJ 11.88 3.67 2.26' [Wheat, cracked corn, kaffir corn, barley, : j sunflower seed, few weed seed. 4.00 65.00 11.38 3.82! 2.67 Iwheat, cracked corn, kaffir corn, barley, I , sunflower s?ed. 3.14' 2.37 Wheat, cracked corn, peas, kaffir corn, ; i I barley, sunflower seed. 4.00L- 111.00 2.95 2.23 Partially ground wheat, corn, kaffir corn, millet seed, weed seed. Wheat, oats, kaffir corn, buckwheat, sun- flower seed, cracked corn, grit. 5892; 10. OO' 3.00' 5.0o! 65.00^ 11.25' 3.20 2.20 .. {Partially ground corn, wheat, kaffir corn, I I i j millft seed, grit. 5653 9.50 2.50 5.00 60.00 10.75' 3.23 2.39 jCracked corn, wheat, barley, kaffir corn, j charcoal, sunflower seed. 2.81 {Partially ground corn, wheat, kaffir corn, ' millet seed, charcoal. 8.42 - [Finely ground corn, oats, allalfa meal, fish scrap. 9.76 Alfalfa meal, wheat bran, corn meal, oats. 5663 5746 14.00 3.00 5.00 5745, 20.00 3.00 8.00 5744 10.00 57''l5 10.00 5565 10.00 5575 10.00 5654 10.00 5586 10.00 I I 5659 10.00 o(^09| 10.00 5803| 10.00 5554| 10.50 I 5813 11.00 5630 55.00 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 10.00 5.00! 6.001 60.00 6.00 60.00 6.00 60.00 6.00 6.00 3.75 4.60 4.60 60.00 60.00 66.00 64.00 64.00 4.00; 60.00! 12.13 lU./O 10.75 6.ZA 3.16 14.25 4.39 19.25 4.30 10.88 3.58 10.88 2.99 11.13 4.99 11.75 3.82 10.63 4.26 11.63 3.42 10.13 3.82 9.75 2.82 10.13 4.94 3.11 {Wheat, barley, kaffir corn, buckwheat, I j sunflower seed, cracked corn. 2.49 ..Wheat, oats, barby, kaffir corn, weed { , seed, sunflower seed, cracked corn. 3.25 --- Wheat, cracked corn, kaffir corn, barley, 4.50 3.00 60.00 2.76:. 2.67 2.59 2.07 1.14 2.68 I 4.18 3.421 11.00 59.63 4.20 2.67 12.19 1.11 sunflower seed, few weed seed. Wheat, cracked corn, kaffir corn, oats barley, sunflower seed^adulterated, with corn cockle seed. Cracked corn, wheat, kaffir corn, barley, sunflower seed, weed seed. Wheat, cracked corn, kaffir corn, barley, weed seed — adultsrated with corn cockle seed. Cracked corn, wheat, kaffir corn, oats, sunflower seed, weed seed. Wheat, oats, kaffir corn, sunflower seed, cracked corn, oyster shells, do. Wheat, cracked corn, kaffir corn, buck- wheat, barle.v, sunflower seed, millet seed, peas. Wheat, barley, kaffir corn, buckwheat, sunflower seed, peas, millet seed, cracked corn, oyster shells. Ground beef scraps. 02 The Bulletin. ANALYSES OF POUL Brand Name from Label Miinufaeturer or Wholesaler 3574 Premium Feed 5848j....do 5628'. ...do Retail Dealer R. G. Hiatt, Greensboro. J5 . -a ,0(1, I Nov. 27, '11 100 Jan. 25, '12 Feb. 28, "12 ;Mar. 27, '12 Mixed Feed .\ustin-Heaton Co., Durham, N. C. ..do do ..do ' do ..do - -do- .do. -d.0. 5497 Mill Feed. -do .do T. W. Pace, La Grange jMar. 12, '12 M. J. Best & Sons, Goldsboro June 26, '12 Statesville Flour Mill Co., Statesville, N. C. 75 75 75 July 6, '12 75 [L. H. Adams, Raleigh .iNov. 27, '11 100 .IM. J. Best & Sons, Goldsboro |jan. 17, '12! 100 is. J. Stallings. Littleton IFeb. 3, '12! lOa C. D. Taylor & Co., Golds- JMar. 12, '12 100 boro. lOO lOO The Bulletin.. 65 TRY FEEDS— Continued. ■• Guarantee Analysis M Protein (N X6.25) Fat (Ether Extract) t.T3 ■ ^ CO Is CU X Carbo- hydrates 3 tn 'S j3 CO < Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 1 5913 10.00 4.00 3.00 4.14 4.13 3.50 8.00 8.11 8.70 65.00 10.75 2.75 4.29 3.64 1.66 2.85 4.54 5.42 1.80 4.71 8.47 10.74 1.77 2.84 8.45 Partially ground corn, wheat, kafEr corn. 5558 10.00 14.30 14.30 50.00! 13.13 millet seed, barley, weed seed, grit. Wheat, cracked corn, kaffir corn, oats, 55?7 52.93 52.00 14.13 13.63 sunflower seed, buckwheat. Wheat bran, alfalfa meal, gluten feed, oil 590'> 1 meal, beef scrap, charcoal, grit. Wheat bran, middlings, alfalfa meal. 5367 9.63 10.50 25.25 74.22 11.82 1.48 charcoal, beef scrap, grit. Wheat, cracked corn. 5537 10.00 3.00 10.00 70.00 Cracked corn, wheat, kaffir corn, sun- 503? flower seed, oats, barley. Wheat and corn product, alfalfa meal, linseed meal, meat meal. LANEOUS MIXED FEEDS. Guaraatee Analysis .5=0 Hx £5 S 1 O 03 £5 1 -a O M e ill .2 o ^ ^ Microscopic Examination Shows the Following Ingredients 5389 15.00 15.00 13.00 13.00 15.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 8.00 15.38 16.13 16.00 14.75 15.63 15.38 1fi.l3 4.11 4.15 4.13 5.47 3.80 4.69 3.88 4.99 4.50 4.00 4.49 4.05 .4.28 5.82 5.67 6.30 6.52 Wheat product. .5.541 8.00 9.50 58.62 9.50' 58.62 1 t 8.00 do. 5660 j do. 5781 Wheat and corn product. Wheat product. Wheat and corn product. .5937 5.23 6.10 538? 5394 16.00 16.00 16.00 4.50 4.50 4 .W 5.50 fi4.00 6.00 5.92 5.70 5.84 5.59 5.12 6.69 Wheat product and corn bran. 5472 .5561 5.50 64.00^ 16.13 5.50 64.00 16.50 5.50 64.00 16. .38 64.78 9.70 4.40 do. do. 5688 16.00i 4. .50 do. ^7V 16.00 16.00 4.50 4.50 5.50 64.00 5.50 16.50 15.63 15.13 do. 5879 1 1 do. .5497 65.91 10.181 4.50 Wheat and corn product. 66 The Bulletin. ►ANALYSES OF MISCELLANE ^1 Brand Name from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer 5657 Mill Feed Statesville Flour Mill Co., F. D. Barkley & Co., Gas- ' Statasville, N. C. | tonia. 5778' do - do IPeeler Grocery & Provision j Co., Salisbury. 5822 Meal do 1 - -- 5437 Mixed Feed Douthit-Riddle Co., Danville, Matthews-Weeks Co., Rocky I • Va. Mount. 5571' do do -jPattcrson Co., Greensboro 5678 do - do 'Cramer Bros. Co., Winston... 5806' do I do -. Stout Produce Co., High I Point. 565l'Mill Feed o Po J3 • a 03 Feb. 28, '12 Mar. 26, '12 Dec. 7. '11 75 75 100 Feb. 5, '12 100 Mar. 6. '12 100 75 100 100 Feb. 27, '12 Feb. 27, '12 Horn Johnstone Co., Mocks- W. M. Neal Co., Mooresville I viUe, N. C. j 5652 do -- do - -- Harris & McNeely Co., Mooresville. 5763 Meal and Bran Model Mills, Lexington, N. C... W. H. Moffitt, Lexington.... Mar. 22, '12 100 5759 .Meal, Bran and Shorts Grimes Bros., Lexington, N. C. R. L. Leonard, Lexington jMar. 22, '12 100 5818MillFeed Asheboro Roller Mills, Ashe- >Spencer Grocery Co., Ashe- Apr. 3, '12 75 I boro, N. C. i boro. 1 5726 Mixed Feed J. H. Walker, Reidsville, N. C. J. G. Messick, Winston^ Mar. 14, '12 100 5718 Horse and Mule Feed W. H. Turner, Winston, N. C... Manufacturer 5797 Feed - . P. A. Hooker, Kinston, N. C...;. ■5821 ....do do... 1.. -,- 5582 Mixed Feed .. Newport Mill Co., Newport, Adams Grain & Provision 5638. ...do... 5682 Mill Feed 5819 Feed Co., Charlotte. City Feed Co., Hickory.. S. V. Tomlinson, North Wilkesboro. Mar. 14, '12 Feb. 6, '12 100 75 Feb. 22, '12, 75 Mar. 7, '12 100 Tenn. ....do ---- North Wilkesboro Roller Mills, North Wilkesboro, N. C. Moore Bros., Thomasville, I i N. C. 5724' do River View Mills, Norwood, 1 . N. C. 5675 Corn and Rye Chops Granite City Mills. Mt. Airy, Mt. Airy Feed Store, Mt. Airy Mar. 5, '12 lOO 1 ' : N. c. 5620 Feed JRhyne Roller Mills, Gastonia, j I N. C. 5928 Mixed Feed j do [Geo. W. Gamble, Gastonia.. -iJuly 18, '12 5591 Horse and Mule Feed Gwinn Milling Co., Columbus, M. V. Lawrence, Durham iFeb. 7, '12 lOO I Ohio. 5550 Feed ]Concord Milling Co., Concord, N. C. Washburn Crosby Co., Louis- ville, Ky. E. C. Sullivan, Grouse, N. C. North Wilkesboro Roller Mills,' i North Wilkesboro, N. C. | 5482Horse Feed J. A. Meadows, New Bern, N. C Churchill & Co., Kinston... J. P. Green Milling Co., Mocks-| ville. N. C. I Elm City Lumber Co., New _ Bern, N. C. 5536 Mixed-Feed I 5535!Feed 5496 5482 5467 Feed 5466.. ..do J. W. Carter, Maxton. Jan. 26, '12 100 I Jan. 18, 12i 100 The Bulletin. OUS MIXED FEEDS — Continued. Guarantee OS s; c ■ t,.D --ceo O tf ^ 5657 5778 5822 1 , 5437; 5571 5678 5806 14.00 14.00 10.40 10.40 10.40 ^ iS 4.00 4.00 O to O-a Analysis .5 X £5 > O aj .OS .So Sx Is Fat (Ethor Extract) X! 1 >> .a O K -£- o J3 5465 5445 5369 15.13 9.88 9.50 11.50 16.13 13.75 15.88 5.29 4.97 4.04 2.88 3.22 3.94 4.80 6.35 4.23 6.13 Wheat product. Wheat and corn product. do. Wheat product and oats. 72.71 11.28 11.78 2.47 2.54 "i^fifi 7.07 2.41 5.19 4.99 71.30 tjQoq 5948 5952 LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR OCTOBER, 1912. Pounds sold for producers, first hand 22,745,936 Pounds sold for dealers 660,079 Pounds resold for warehouses 1,818,264 Total 25,224,279 % THE BULLETIN or THK NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RALEIGH Vol. 33, No. 11. SUPPLEMENT, NOVEMBER, 1912. Whole No. 177. LIBRARY ^'i:vV YORK '= ANICAL THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT «^R'>en -ON- FOOD ADULTERATION UNDER THE PURE FOOD LAW PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-oflBce at Raleigh, N. C, as second-claas matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Graham. Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter K. W. Barnes R. L. WOODARD I. H. Kearney R. W. Scott A. T. McCallum... J. P. McRae.. William Bledsoe. W. J. Shcford A. Cannon.. -Fairfield First District. . Lucama... _ Second District. .Pamlico Third District. .Franklinton Fourth District. .Haw River Fifth District. -Red Springs Sixth District. .Laurinburg ^ Seventh District. .Gale - Eighth District. . Hickory ._ Ninth District. -Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. W. A. GRAHAM .Commissioner. ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. PESCUD ....Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn Bulletin Ckrk. B. VV. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. PiCKEL Assistant Chemist. W. G. Haywood - Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. MacNider. Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley Assistant Chemist. E. L. WoRTHEN - - Soil Investigations. •VV. E. Hearn - Soil Survey. W. H. Strowd Assistant Chemist. J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist. J. K. Plummer ...Soil Chemist. S. O. Perkins Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch Clerk, F. S. PncKETT. Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum. T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr .Entomologist. C. L. Metcalp— Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN Veterinarian. B. B. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. EATON Dairyman. A. M. Flanery .Assistant Dairyman. W. N. HUTT ...Horticulturist. S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray .Assistant Director of Farmers' Institutes. W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist. E. VV. Thornton First Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C: E. Bell Second Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLM.4N Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS Agronomist. G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist. TE. G. MOSS ...Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tE. H. Matheson ...Co-operative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. C. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. Collett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. •Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture. tAasigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States DepartmeTit of Agriculture. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Hoist. W. A. Graham, ■Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. October 16, 1912. Sir: — I submit herewith manuscript covering the investigations that have been made during the past year under the State Food Law, chap- ter 368, Laws of 1907. I recommend its publication as a supplement to the November Bulletin and Thirteenth Annual Keport. Respectfully submitted, W. M. Allen, Approved: State Food Chemist. W. A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture. REPORT ON FOOD ADULTERATION FOR 1912. Bt W. M. ALLEN, State Food Chemist, Assisted by VV. A. SMITH, Assistant Chemist,* C. E. BELL, Assistant Chemist. ' A general statement, a short discussion on hearings and standards, an extract from the Food Law, rules on labeling, a notice to dealers and manufacturers, a summary of the work and the results of the examina- tion of food products for the year 1912 — constituting the thirteenth an- nual report under the Food Law — are presented in the following pages : GENERAL STATEMENT. When of general interest or when it will facilitate the enforcement of the Food Law, examinations will be made of food or beverages for parties within the State, provided samples of same are taken and sent to the Food Chemist in accordance with instructions from the Depart- ment, and the required information concerning the sample is furnished. Results of analyses are sent to parties sending samples and parties from whom samples are obtained by the Department, as well as the manufacturer of the products. It is the desire of the Department to put information into the hands of manufacturers, dealers and consumers of food, and to assist them in every way it can to know and manufacture, handle and use the best, most desirable and most wholesome food products. The Food Control is in the interest of the honest manufacturer, the honest dealer, and for the protection of the consumer. HEARINGS UNDER FOOD LAW. The State Food Law provides that if any of the provisions of the act are found to have been violated, the party committing the offence shall be notified of the facts in the case and given an opportunity to show cause why he should not be prosecuted for the same. During the year about 250 such notices and hearings have been given. Many of the offences were not serious, but others were. A large percentage of them seems to have been due to a lack of information on the part of the grocerymen and other dealers in regard to the products. The dealers do not take the trouble to know what they are offering for sale to the public. They offer compounds and substitutes for natural food products without really knowing that they are not as represented. The Department has worked faithfully to cause the dealers to know and com- ply with the requirements of the law, but they go along until they are caught, and then plead that they did not know the facts in the case, and for that reason should not be prosecuted. They are usually ready to make all kinds of promises that in future nothing further of the kind will happen in their business. Dealers often sell food products in short weight packages for which there is no excuse, and then plead that they did not know it. •Resigned October 1, 1915 6 The Bulletin When dealers can show -at the hearings reasonable cause why they should not be prosecuted for violations, the matter is dropped. When they can not show a reasonable cause why they should not be prose- cuted, the facts in the case are certified to the State Solicitors for pros- ecution. Several cases are being prepared now to be sent to the Solici- tors, while others are still under consideration. The experience of the Department is that much good for the cause of pure food and food law enforcement is and can be accomplished by these hearings in the Department getting in touch with the dealers of the State. However, if dealers persist in violating the food laws, though the violation is carelessly and for lack of knowledge committed, they will have to be prosecuted in the courts, and they are hereby warned of the fact. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS. NOTES ON. From the report of this Department for 1911 the following is quoted: "The Food Law provides that the Board of Agriculture shall adopt and publish standards of strength and purity and regulations for the enforcement of the law. It further provides that when the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States has adopted standards for food products that the Board of Agriculture shall adopt them for standards under the State Food Law of North Carolina. "These standards and regulations have been adopted and published in the Food Reports from time to time, and copies in pamphlet form will bo sent on application. Some objections have been made to certain of these standards, saying that they are too high, as in the case of ice eream where 14 per cent of milk fat is required. In this and other cases, where the standard has been adopted by the Secretary of Agri- culture, the Department and Board of Agi-iculture have no choice in the matter. The Food Law requires the Board to adopt them and gives the latter no discretion in the matter. However, these standards have been carefully worked out by experts, and have been adopted by most of the States that are enforcing food laws. "Dealers are cautioned to make themselves familiar with the law, the standards and the regulations under the Food Law, for they must be enforced. Feeling that the dealers have had time and opportunity to know the law and standards, it will be the policy of the Department in the future to prosecute cases when similar ones have been excused in the past because of ignorance of the law." EXTRACT FROM FOOD LAW. NOTE ON. •'The following extract from the Pure Food Law is very important, and the same is herewith printed in order that the grocerymen may become more familiar mth the requirements of the law. "State Food Law, section 6, defines and describes what constitutes food adulteration. Section 7 defines and describes what constitutes the misbranding of food products. Section 9 provides for a guaranty by which the retail dealer may be exempt from prosecution for violation oif the law." The Bulletin 7 EXTRACT FROM FOOD LAW. Sec. 6. That for the purpose of this act an article shall be deemed to be adulterated, in the case of food — First. If any substance has been mixed or packed with it, so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength. Second. If any substance has been substituted, wholly or in part, for the article. Third. If any valuable constituent of the article has been wholly or in part abstracted. Fourth. If it be mixed, colored, powdered, coated or stained in a manner whereby damage or inferiority is concealed. Fifth. If it contains any added poisonous or other added deleterious ingre- dient which may render such article injurious to health. If it contains anj of the following substances, which are hereby declared deleterious and dan- gerous to health when added to human food, to wit: Colors which contain antimony, arsenic, barium, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, ura- nium, or zinc; or the following colors: gamboge, corallin, picric acid, aniline, or any of the coal-tar dyes; dulcin, glucin, or any other artificially or syn- thetically prepared substitute for sugar except saccharine; paraffin, formal- dehyde, beta-napthol, abrastol, benzoic acid or benzoates, salicylic acid or salicylates, boric acid or borates, sulphurous acid or sulphites, hydrofluoric acid or any fluorine compounds, sulphuric acid or potassium sulphate or wood alcohol: Provided, that catsups and condimental sauces may, when the fact is plainly and legibly stated in the English language on the wrapper and label of the package in which it is retailed, contain not to exceed two-tenths of one per cent of benzoic acid or its equivalent in sodium benzoate. Fer- mented liquors may contain not to exceed two-tenths of one per cent of com- bined sulphuric acid, and not to exceed eight-thousandths of one per cent of sulphurous acid. Sixth. If it consists in whole or in part of a filthy, decomposed or putrid animal or vegetable substance, or any portion of an animal unfit for food, whether manufactured or not, or if it is the product of a diseased animal or one that had died otherwise than by slaughter. In addition to the ways already provided, sausage shall be deemed to be adulterated if it is composed in any part of liver, lungs, kidneys or other viscera of animals: Provided. that the use of animal intestines as sausage casings shall not be deemed to be an adulteration. Seventh. If it differs in strength, quality or purity from the standards ol purity of food products that have been or may be from time to time adopted by the Board of Agriculture. Sec. 7. That the term "misbranded," as used herein, shall apply to all drugs or articles of food, or articles which enter into the composition of food, the package or label of which shall bear any statement, design or device re- garding such article or the ingredients or substances contained therein which shall be false or misleading in any particular, and to any food or drug product which is falsely branded as to the State, Territory or country in which it is manufactured or produced — That for the purpoce of this act an article shall also be deemed to be mis- branded, in the case of food — First. If it be an imitation of or offered for sale under the distinctive name of another article. Second. If it be labeled or branded so as to deceive or mislead the pur- chaser, or purport to be a foreign product when not so, or if the contents of the package as originally put up shall have been removed, in whole or in part, and other contents shall have been placed in such package, or if it fail to bear a statement on the label of the quantity or proportion of any mor- phine, opium, cocaine, heroin, alpha or beta eucaine, chloroform, canabis, indica, chloral, hydrate or acetanilide, or any derivative or preparation of any such substances contained therein. Third. If in package form, and the contents are stated in terms of weight or measure, they are not plainly and correctly stated on the outside of the package. 8 The Bulletin Fourth. If the package containing it or its label shall bear any statement, design or device regarding the ingredients or the substances contained there- in, which statement, design or device shall be false or misleading in any particular: Provided, that an article of food which does not contain any added poisonous or deleterious ingredients shall not be deemed to be adul- terated or misbranded in the following cases: First. In the case of mixtures or compounds which may be now or from time to time hereafter known as articles of food under their own distinctive names, and not an imitation of or offered for sale under the distinctive name of another article, if the name be accompanied on the same label or brand with a statement of the place where said article has been manufactured or produced. Second. In the case of articles labeled, branded or tagged so as to plainly indicate that they are compounds, imitations or blends, and the word "com- pound," "imitation" or "blend," as the case may be, is plainly stated on the package in which it is offered for sale: Provided, the labeling is according to the rules prescribed by the Board of Agriculture: Provided, that the term "blend," as used herein, shall be construed to mean a mixture of like sub- stances, not excluding harmless coloring or flavoring ingredients used for the purpose of coloring and flavoring only. Sec. 9. That no dealer shall be prosecuted under the provisions of this act when he can establish a guaranty signed by the wholesaler, jobber, manufac- turer or other party, residing in North Carolina, from whom he purchased such articles, to the effect that the same is not adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of this act, designating it. LABELING FOOD PRODUCTS. RULES OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE UNDER FOOD LAW, A label must be, as far as possible, attached to each package, and contain, in addition to other information, the name of the material, the name and address of the manufacturer, importer or jobber. When the words "artificial," "imitation," "compound," "adulterated," or other words of similar import, are required, they must be on the principal label and immediately precede or follow the word or w^ords they modify, which must be the principal word or Avords of the label, and be in at least half the size and same style of type and on the same kind of background as the word or words with which they are closely asso- ciated. The principal words in the label must be printed in either dark-colored letters on a light-colored background or light-colored let- ters on a dark-colored background. Any statement that is required on the principal label of a barrel or cask of molasses, molasses compound, sirup or compound sirup, vinegar or compound vinegar, must appear on one end or head of the barrel or cask; and if the principal label or any part of it appears on both ends of barrel or cask, they shall be identical, one to the other. The label on bottled soft drinks must bear the name and address of the bottler. AVhere the presence of preservatives, coloring matter or other sub- stance or substances is required to be printed on the label, the printing must be done clearly and conspicuously on the label, in type not smaller than brevier heavy gotliic caps, and on the same kind of back- ground as the rest of the label. Retail dealers, while offering food or beverage for sale, must keep the label so that it may be seen by purchaser or inspector, and the label must be kept so that it will remain legible. The Bulletin 9 NOTICE TO DEALERS AJfD MANUFACTURERS. The attention of dealers and manufacturers is called to the follow- ing facts : BLEACHING OF FLOUR. Since the Federal courts have decided that flour bleached by the Alsop process is adulterated within the meaning of the Food Law, and that the character of the adulteration is such that no statement upon the package or label will bring bleached flour within the law, the sale of flour bleached to any extent after January first, 1913, will be regarded as a violation of the State Food Law, and prosecutions for the same will be made by the Department. VINEGAR. According to the standards adopted by the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States which have been adopted by the Board of Agricul- ture under the North Carolina Food Law, and which are State stand- ards, vinegar is a product made from apple cider, and nothing else can be legally sold simply and merely as vinegar. Any other product as a substitute for vinegar, such as compound vinegar, spirit vinegar, malt vinegar, sugar vinegar, glucose vinegar, etc., must be sold as such and can not be sold merely as vinegar, the latter being a product made from apple cider. It seems to be quite a custom among the dealers of the State that when a customer calls for vinegar to furnish him with compound vinegar, spirit vinegar, or any other substitute for vinegar that he happens to have. The sale of any of the substitutes for vinegar as vinegar without making the character of the product known to the purchaser is a violation of the law and will be prosecuted by the De- partment. CANNED YEGETABIES COLORED WITH COPPER SALTS. The question of whether the greening of vegetables for human food with copper salts constitutes a violation of the National Food Law was referred by the Secretary of Agriculture to the Referee Board of Consulting Scientific Experts. After an exhaustive investigation of the subject the Referee Board reports to the Secretary, in part, as follows: "It appears from our investigations, that in certain directions, even such small quantities of copper may have a deleterious action and must be considered injurious to health." As the use in food of an ingredient which may render the latter injurious to health is a violation of the State Food Law, and as the "Referee Board" has said that small quantities of copper in food must be considered injurious to health, this Department will in the future consider the sale in North Carolina of vegetables colored with copper salts a violation of the State Food Law, and such violations after Jan- uary 1, 1913, will be prosecuted. SIRUPS AND MOLASSES. According to the standards under the State Food Law "Sirup" is a product made from the juice of a sugar-producing plant. Under the law a product made otherwise is not a true sirup and can not be sold as such. 10 The Bulletin Glucose, or coru sirup is not, under the law a true sirup, and can not, therefore, be sold merely as a sirup, but must be sold as corn sirup or •glucose. That being the case a mixture or compound containing corn sirup can not be sold as sirup without making the presence of the corn sirup known to the purchaser. Molasses being made from the juice of sugar-producing plants may, also, not contain corn sirup without the fact being made known to the purchaser. It appears to be quite a custom among dealers to sell all kindsof compounds and substitutes for sirup as real sirup. This is a violation of the law, and the attention of dealers is called to it, for such viola- tions will be prosecuted. The Department does not wish to discriminate against corn sirup, for it is a good food product, but it is of less value than cane sirup and its addition to the latter would be an adulteration unless its presence is made known to a purchaser. CHEESE. According to the food standards cheese is a sound, solid and ripened product made from milk or cream and contains, in the water-free sub- stance, not less than 50 per cent of milk fat. Skim-milk cheese is a sound, solid and ripened product, made from skim-milk. The sale of a skim-milk cheese or a product containing less than the required amount of milk fat as cheese is a violation of the law, without making the facts in the case known to the purchaser. li seems to be quite a custom among dealers of the State to sell at retail skim-milk cheese or products containing less than the required amount of milk fat as cheese. This is a fraud and a violation of the law, and will be prosecuted if detected. ICE CREAM. According to the standards ice cream is a frozen product made from cream and sugar, with or without natural flavoring, and contains not less than 14 per cent of milk fat. Fruit ice cream is a frozen product made from cream, sugar, and sound, clean, mature fruit, and contains not less than 12 per cent of milk fat. These standards appear to be high, as all pure food standards should be, but they are the standards adopted by the Secretary of Agriculture of' the United States, and, under the food law the Board of Agriculture has no authority to change a standard that has been adopted by the Secretary of Agriculture. However, provision is made by regulation for the sale of products below standard and dealers are referred to the regulation on the sale of ice cream substitutes. It seems to be the custom of many dealers to sell at retail all kinds of substitutes for ice cream, as the real ice cream, without making the fact that it is not ice cream known to the purchaser. Such sales are violations of the law and must be discontinued or the same will have to be prosecuted. See regulation on sale of ice cream. The Bulletin 1] WORK OF THE YEAR 1912 During the year 1,288 samples of foods and beverages have been analyzed. SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS Name of Sample Beera and imitation beera* Butter and butter aubstitutea.. Chemical fruit preservatives.- . Cheesea and ctieese substitutes. Cider and imitation ciders Coffee and coflee substitutes... Flour 53 cs a Honey Ice cream and ice cream substitutes Lemon extracts and Ifemon extract substitutes. Maple sirup and maple sirup substitutes Milk and cream - Miscellaneous samples Molasses and sirups Orange extracts Peas, canned Peppermint extract Sweet oil and sweet oil substitutes Sugar .- - Vanilla extract and vanilla extract substitutes. Vinegar and vinegar substitutes Total. 71 31 65 11 25 71 353 21 89 64 22 8 15 159 6 11 9 61 19 40 137 OJ 2; "ESS 12 11 6 3 22 12 4 43 30 16 3 ° -5 a S aj ffi 03 cS 74 4 8 6 52 16 69 61.30 83.08 45.82 88.00 61.98 96. Gl 80.95 51.69 53.13 27.28 62.50 *= m- ** CI Z^ V (A c: 1.288 391 53.46 33.34 27.28 33.34 14.76 100.00 60.00 49.96 38.70 16.92 54.18 12.00 38.02 3.39 19.05 48.31 46.87 72.72 37.50 46.54 66.66 72.72 66.66 85.24 40.00 50.04 ♦Examined for alcohol only. BEERS, IMITATION AND NEAR BEERS. Malt liquor is a beverage made by the alcoholic fermentation of an infusion, in potable water, of barley malt and hops, with or without unmalted grains. Beer is a malt liquor produced by bottom fermentation, and contains not less than 5.00 per cent of extractive matter and 0.16 per cent of ash, chiefly potassium phosphate, and not less than 2.75 per cent of alcohol by volume. Lager beer is beer which has been stored in casks for a period not less than three months, and contains not less than 3.00 per cent of alcohol by volume. As the prohibition law prohibits the legal sale of these products no official samples were examined, but 71 samples were sent to the Depart- ment by county and city officers whose duty it is to enforce the prohibi- tion law. The samples were examined to see if they contained alcohol that would render their sale illegal. The Department has no appro- priation or authority of law for such work, but does it as an accommo- 12 The Bulletin dation to the county and city officials. That being the case the work is done when it will interfere with the official work of the Department as little as possible. RESULTS OP THE EXAMINATION OF BEERS, u ►J Is 10762 10764 10760 9614 10695 9616 9618 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Beer, Budweiser*. ....do*. -.- Ale, Red Buck*.... - Beer, Imitation Maltona *. ....do'... Beer* Beer, Imitation Maltona*. 10093 Beer, G. B. S.* 9596 Beer, Imitation Malt Tonic Dukehart's* 10763 Beer, Anheuser-Busch* .. 10760 10852 10851 10850 11829 10825 10827 10828 10826 10781 10745 10901 10759 10831 10830 10699 10845 10849 10510 948 9588 9619 10597 10767 9599 10844 9617 ....do*... Beer, O. U. Hopp* ....d«* ....do* ...-do* ....do* ....do* _.._do* .-.-do* -...do* --..do* Near Beer* Beer, Perfect Brew* Beer, Imitation, No Tax* Anheuser-Busch Brewing Co., St. Louis, Mo. ....do Burr Mfg. Co., Richmond, Va Consumers Brewing Co., Norfolk, Va. ..do ... ..do ..do. Darley Park Brewery, Baltimore Md. Dukehart Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md W. R. Surles, Fayetteville. T. O. Martin, Fayetteville- ....do Dr. I. Fearing, Elizabeth City. A. S. Lyon, Rocky Mount. S. M. Wheeler, Oxford -.-.do J. B. Woodard, Wilson R. J. Lowery, Wadesboro- ....do* ....do* --.-do* -..-do* .---do* .--do* Beer, Tivoli*- Hessburg, M. I mond, Va. .—do - O. U. Hopp Co., Petersburg, Va.-. ----do -- -- ----do ....do ...do. ....do - ...do -.--do. ...do.... ...do O. U. Hopp Co., Petersburg, Va.... Monumental Brewing Co., Balti- more, Md Portner, Robt., Brewing Co., Alex- andria, Va. ..do..-. - ..do. ..do.. -.. ..do - ..do - -.do... -do. & Son, Rich-lJ. L. Haywood, Fayetteville- E. B. Hall, Fayetteville J. R. Bass, Wilson-- J. D. Williams, Wilson C. T. Gillikin,Wilson W. H. Drake, Wilson IW. I. High, Wilson Ij. D. Williams, Wilson J. R. Bass, Wilson C. T. GiUikin. Wilson J. P. Pittman, Dunn-- Sheriff W. D. P. Sharp, Wilson O. P. Shell, Mayor, Dunn G. L. Haywood, Fayette'-nlle--. A. O. Glover, Wilson Beer, Imitation* -- Beer, Imitation Liquid Bread* Beer, Schlitz* Beer, Crescent*. Beer, Near, Tax Off*. Beer* .do. Rosenegk Brewing Co., Richmond, Va. Schlit7,, Jos. Brewing Co., Milwau- kee, Wis. Southern Bottling Co., Baltimore, Md. V^irginia Brewing Co., Roanoke, Va. -.--do -- -do- G. F. Herring, Mayor, Mt. Olive. J. W. Ward, Goldsboro M. S. Harris, Goldsboro J. L. Roberson, Fayetteville J. H. Rose, Officer, Benson Mayor A. G. Walton, Jackson- viUe. Sheriff S. M. Wheeler, Oxford .... W. B. Weaver, Spray Lewis & Haywood, Fayetteville. Mayor W. F. Jones, Cary J. W. Ward, Goldsboro Sheriff S. M. Wheeler, Oxford. *Sample sent to Department for analysis. The Bulletin 13 By reference to the table below it will be seen that many of the samples were beers and near-beers and were sold in violation of the pro- hibition law. IMITATION BEERS AND NEAR BEERS. 10762 10764 10766 9614 10695 9616 — ■ >> » ^ go 4 35 4.31 2.29 None Remarks and Conclusions Beer do. Ale. Imitation Beer. None do. 4.25iBeer. 9618: None 10093 9596 4.55 Imitation Beer. Beer. 0.07 Imitation Beer. 10763 3.98 Beer. 10760 4.06 Beer. 10852 1.52 Near Beer. 10851 4.44 Beer. 10850 1 24 Near Beer. 10829 1.63 do. 10825 1.28 do. 10827 4.33 Beer. 10828 1.50 Near Beer. 10826 1.30 Near Beer. 10781 4.48 Beer. 10745 1.33 Near Beer. 10901 1.33 Near Beer. 10759 4.31 Beer. 10831 0.15 Imitation Beer 10830 0.20 Imitation Beer 10699 None do. 10845 0.52 Near Beer. 10849 None Imitation Beer 10510 None do. 9487 0.46 Near Beer. 9588 4.45 Beer. 9619 None Imitation Beer 10597 None do. 10767 3.76 Beer. 9599 3.55 do. 10814 1.23 Near Beer. 9617 3.40 Beer. 14 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OP BEERS. SB 10838 10746 10836' 10540: 10843 10832 10839 10847 10846 10837 10769: 10761 10514 10515 10841 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Beer, Imitation* _ - Geo. Batts Beer* --; - Color & Hudson, Washington do* ! |W. H. Drake, Wilson Beer, Imitation* ..-L- - A. O. Glover, Chief Police, Wilson Beer*.. jMayor Oscar Griswold, Wendell. . Beer, Near* H. T. Webb, WUson -do. ....do*... Beer, Imitation* Beer, Imitation*.. Beer* - JJ- A. Stewart, Wilson J. W. Ward, Goldsboro. ....do Beer* ....do* Beer, Imitation*. ....do* Beer, Near* 10088;Beer, Imitation*. 10848 10520 10521 10088 10512 10513 10607, 10518 10519 10765 10516 10517 10835 9622 9621 10768 10509 10717 Beer* Beer, Imitation, No Tax*. Beer, Imitation* Beer* Bef-r, Imitation* Beer, Imitation, No Tax* Beer, Imitation* Beer, Imitation*... Beer, Imitation, No Tax* Beer*. Beer, Imitation* Beer, Imitation, No Tax*. Beer* ....do* ....do* .-.-do* Beer, Imitation* Beer, Imitation* E. B. Hall, Fayetteville G. L. Haywood, Fayette\'ille Buck Haywood, Fayetteville ...do W. L. Hedgepieth, Mayor, Hob- good. L. P. Hardy, Jr., Officer, Reids- ville. M, S. Harris, Goldsboro J. W. Ingold, Fayetteville ...do J. H. Jacocks. Clerk, Tarboio T. O. Martin, Fayetteville ..do M. A. McCloud, Officer, Broad- way G. G. McDonald, Fayetteville... ..do - E. L. Oldham, Fayetteville J. L Oldham, Fayetteville -.--do ----- --- W. I. High, Wilson-— W. J. Roark, Officer, Raleigh. --- ----do Jno. Robertson, Fayetteville J. L. RIbinson, Fayetteville T. J. Teague, Officer, Madison... *Sample sent to Department for analysis. BUTTER Ax\D BUTTER SUBSTITUTES. Butter is the clean, nonrancid product made by gathering in any manner the fat of fresh or ripened milk or cream into a mass, which also contains a small portion of the other milk constituents, with or without salt, and contains not less than 82.50 per cent of milk fat. Renovated butter, process butter, is the product made by me-lting butter and working, without the addition or use of chemicals or any substance except milk, cream or salt, and contains at least 82.50 per cent of milk fat and not more than 16 per cent of water. Oleomargarine, oleo or butterine is a substitute for butter, made from other and cheaper fats than butter. The Bulletin 15 IMITATION BEERS AND NEAR BEERS— Continued. >> f-, -^ s Alcohol — Per Cent by Volume Remarks and Conclusions 10838 0.11 Imitation Beer. 10746 3.82 Beer. 10836 4.47 Beer. 10540 0.46 Near Beer. 10843 3.25 Beer. 10832 0.85 Near Beer. 10839 0.88 do. 10847 0.21 Imitation Beer. 10846 0.13 do. 10837 3.08 Beer. 10769 4.29 do. 10761 3.36 do. 10514 None Imitation Beer. 10515 None do. 10841 0.80 Near Beer. 10088 None Imitation Beer. 10848 1.87 Near Beer. 10520 None Imitation Beer. 10521 None do. 10688 4.35 Beer. 10512 None Imitation Beer. 10513 None do. 10607 None do. 10518 None do. 10519 None do. - 10765 3.93 Beer. 10516 0.05 Imitation Beer. 10517 0.18 do. 10835 4.50 Beer. 9622 4.15 do. 9621 4.15 do. 10768 3.76 do. 10509 'None Imitation Beer. 10717 4.06 Beer. During the past year 31 samples of butter were examined, 12 of which proved to be adulterated and were sold in violation of the law. The Food Law provides that if a food product is below standard it is adulterated, and its sale is illegal. By reference to the table below it will be seen that several of these samples contained not more than half the amount of milk fat that a butter should contain, and contained sev- eral times as much other milk 'solids and water as they should have contained. These samples containing such a low percentage of milk fat, and such a high percentage of water, were made by the use of what is known as a merging machine. By the use of this machine, at a temper- ature just below the melting point of butter, equal parts of butter and 16 ^ The Bulletin sweet milk can be merged into a more or less solid mass with the ap- pearance of a low grade butter. The product necessarily contains a large amount of milk solids other than fat, and water. The product is a poor substitute for butter and will spoil in a few days, especially if kept in a warm place, or at ordinary temperature in summer. RESULTS OP THE EXAMINATION OF 5»- J3 E 10471 10614 10483 10487 10486 10488 10481 10476 10496 10478i 10484 10485 10495 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Butter. Catawba Gem Catawba Creamery, Hickory, N. C. Butter, Green Leaf Clover. Friedman Mfg , Co., NorfoUc, Va... Butter - Gantt, Ledford, Henry, N. C Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Shell Grocery Co., Hickory... J. H. Harris & Co., Farmville . Hoover Pendleton, Henry .do- Grigg, Sarah, Henry, N. C... J. D. Beam, Henry. ...do... - do ---f'o __do Lewis, Franris, Cherryville N. C. .Beam & Bess, Henry __.do Long, Walter, Cherryville, N. C....|J. F. Carpenter, Cherryville. ___(jo Poover, Chaa.. Newton, N. C. Jos. C. Germayol, Newton... _ _do Self, John Cherryville, N. C [j. A, Baker & Son, Waco _ _do ...Wise, A., Reepsville, N. C H. F. Killian, Reepsville ^Q j J. D. Beam, Henry.. ....do. ...-do. 10494!. ...do 10480 ....do.. 10874 ....do. --- 10472 ....do 10493. ...do 10091 Butter, scalded. 9980 Butter 10090Butter 10475 ....do .do- W. A. Gantt, Fallston. 10489 10490 9786 ...do. ...do. ...do. 10491'. ...do. 10492 .. 10479 - 10477 .. 10474 .. 10473 .. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. ..do C. L. Havnaer, Henry iMrs. C. M. Hawkins, Raleigh. LanTence-Cline Co , Hickory.. E. H. Lutz, Fallston Geo. Mull, Henry L. M. McCormick, Asheville .. Geo, Mull, Henry Newton Grocery Co., Newton. H. F. Royster, Cherryville Stamey Bros., Fallston. Smith, C. F., Raleigh, N. C W. W. Wilson, Raleigh.. _.__ __.. do - .do. Young and Mull, Henry Wampum Stores, Lincolnton. Young Bros., Newton do -. CHEMICAL FRUIT PRESERVATIVES. For the past few years much has been said by both scientific and nonscientific men in regard to the use of antiseptics or chemical preserv- atives in foods and beverages intended for human consumption. Their use is an evil that has for several years demanded the attention of food officials. The Bulletin 17 The sale of such a product is a violation of both the_ State and Fed- eral Food Laws, and even its manufacture is a violation of the Fed- eral oleomargarine laws. The people of the State are, therefore, cau- tioned against the so-called "merging of butter" or the sale of such products. BUTTER AND BUTTER SUBSTITUTES. >> Is i 3 £3 if ^ Water— Per Cent Reading Retractometer 40°C Refractive Remarks and Conclusions 10471 9.76 42.00 1.4538 Butter. 10614 12.87 43.00 1.4545 do. 10483 78.71 20.52 42.00 1.4538 Butter, below standard in fat and contains too much water; sale illegal. 10487 40.75 57.88 43.50 1.4538 Butter, below standard in fat and contains too much water; sale illegal. 10486 47.66 50.88 43.00 1.4545 do. 10488 74.96 21.60 41.00 1.4531 do. 104S1 12.66 41.50 1.4534 Butter. 10476 16.90 41.50 1.4534 Butter, slightly below standard, should not contain over 16% water. 10496 14.52 42.00 1.45.38 Butter. 10478 14.12 43.00 1.4545 do. 10484 14.48 43.50 1.4548 do. 10485 15.79 41.50 1.4534 do. 10495 66.93 31.65 42.50 1.4541 Butter, below standard in fat and contains too much water; sale illegal. 10494 77.41 20.25 43.00 1.4545 do. 10480 78.44 20.32 42.50 1.4.541 do. 10874 14.41 43.50 1.4548 Butter. 10472 79.34 19.26 40.00 1.4524 Butter, below standard in fat and contains too much water; sale illegal. 10493 84.39 13.64 41.00 1 4531 Butter. 10091 44.00 41.00 1.4531 Butter, containing too much water; sale as butter illegal. 9980 10.90 41.50 1.4534 Butter. 10090 46 14 41.50 1.4534 Butter, below standard, containing too much water; sale illegal. 10474 14.11 41.50 1.4534 Butter. 10489 78.66 20.31 43.00 1.4545 Butter, below standard in fat and contains too much water: sale illegal. 10490 82.50 15.87 43.00 1.4545 Butter. 9786 41.00 42.00 1.4541 1.4538 do. 10491 80.32 17.90 Butter containing too much water and Is below standard in fat; sale illegal. 10492 87.59 13.14 42.50 1.4M1 Butter. 10479 10.37 42. 5f 1.4541 do. 10477 13.07 42.00 1.4538 ! do. 10474 9.53 41.50 1.4534 1 do. 10473 10.27 40.50 1.4527 1 do. From the Food Report of this Department for 1911 the following is quoted : "An investigation by the Bureau of Chemistry, United States De- partment of Agriculture, has shown conclusively that the use in foods^ of at least three of these chemical preservatives, viz., boric acid or borates, salicylic acid or salicylates, sulphurous acid or sulphites, is deleterious and dangerous to health. 18 The Bulletin "The investigation showed that boric acid or borates, when taken into the bodj with food to the amount of four or five grains per day, continued for some time, results in most cases in loss of appetite and a feeling of fullness and uneasiness in the stomach, which in some cases resulted in nausea, with a general tendency to produce a dull and persistent headache. "Regarding salicylic acid, the investigation showed that it is, when used in foods, at first a stimulant, increasing the solubility and ab- sorption of food elements from the alimentary canal. It soon, how- ever, loses its stimulating effect and becomes a depressant, tending 1o break down the issues faster than they are rebuilt, to diminish the weight of the body and in some cases to result in illness. "The results of the investigation were very decidedly unfavorable to the use of sulphurous acid in nnj quantity or for any period of time. and showed the desirability of avoiding the use of it in products in- tended to be used for human food. "As the use of chemical preservatives in food has fallen into dis- favor and has become a violation of many of the food laws of ihc country, these preservatives are being offered to the trade under pro- prietary names, or names by which their constituents are not recog- nized. The use of salicylic acid or any other chemical preserv^ative in food, except 0.1 of one per cent of benzoate of soda, renders the sale of the food a violation of the law, and believing that the use of ben- zoate of soda is more or less objectionable, the Department most earn- estly advises against its use." The knoAvledge that we have of the effect of these preservatives on digestion and health tends to show that they are deleterious, and that RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF 10886 9648 9649 10498 Material and Brand from Label Fruit preserving powder, Salicylic acid. Salicylic acid... :.... -do. .do. 10497 Fruit pre.serving powder, The King. ...do.. - 10.501 10500 9661 9657 9656 9355 10499 ...do.- ...do.. ...do.. ...do-. ...do. ...do. Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Bristol Drug Mfg. Co., Bristol, Elkin Grocery Co., Elkin. Va.-Tenn. Bristol Drug and Gum Co., Bristol, ;Earwood & Arrowood, Andrews .. Va.-Tenn. ..do- iReagan Bros., .\ndrews- Burwell & Dunn, Charlotte, N. C ...do -do.. -...do_ ..do. ..do. ..do. .do- .do. H. F. Killian, Reepsville. ..--do Cherryville Grocery Co., Cherry- ville. T. E. Summer. Cherryville Newton Grocery Co., Shelby I. L. Wycoff & Co., Lincolnton ... Kyser & Mauney. Kings Moun- tain. Kings Mountain Grocery. King Mountain. A. F. House, Cherryville The Bulletin 19 their effect on the health of the consumer depends upon th quantity and frequency of the dose. Their use in foods has heen objected to to such an extent that the manufacturers of food products have, to a great extent, discontinued their use. That being the case the manufacturers of these preservatives have had to seek other fields for their products. Now they are making the greatest effort to sell them direct to the country people who preserve or put up their own fruit and vegetables. As the fruit and vegetables put up at home are not offered for sale the use of chemical preservatives in them is not a violation of the law, but if they should not be used in food to be offered for sale they certainly should not be used in food to be consumed by one's own family. How- ever, a very small amount of benzoate of soda in a food eaten not fre- quently or in large amounts at a time would probably do no serious injury, but it should not be used in food, that is eaten frequently, and consumed freely. If food products are put up under proper sanitary conditions a chemical preservative is not necessary. One of the greatest objections to the use of these preservatives in food is they induce or at least make way for the uncleanly and insanitary manufacture of food products. During the year 65 samples of these preservatives were examined, all of which proved to be either salicylic acid or compounds composed largely of it. If properly branded these products can be legally sold, for salicylic acid has its legitimate use in medicine. However, eleven of the sam- ples examined bore misleading and deceptive statements on the labels and were therefore, misbranded and sold in violation of the law. CHEMICAL FRUIT PRESERVING POWDERS. J2 Remarks and Conclusions 10886 9648 9649 10498 10497 10501 10500 9661 9657 9656 9655 10499 Salicylic acid. Salicylic acid in food is deleterious to health and renders the sale of the food illegal. do. do. do. Salicylic acid, and should be so labeled. It is misbranded in that it states it contains nothing harmful. Salicylic acid in food renders the food deleterious to health and its sale illegal, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 20 The Bulletin RESULTS OP THE EXAMINATION OP CHEMI o c ■§1 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis 9632 Fruit preserving powder, Burrell & Dunn, Charlotte, N. C. J. P. Phifer, Lenoir I The King. ; 9633( do do Harrison & Co., Lenoir 9634 do - do Harris & Cooke, Lenoir 9665 Fruit powders Burke Drug Co., Morganton, N. C. Burke Drug Co., Morganton. 9635 do do Forney & Co., Morganton... 9646 Salicylic acid Chastain-Davis-Vestall Co., Knox- W. G. Sparks, Murphy ville, Tenn. 9639 do.. Crawford, \V. H., Co., Baltimore, A. P. Childers, Bryson I Md. I 9651jSalicylic acid. Phoenix do F. Shelton, Marshall 9650' do do T. N. James, Marshall 9637 Salicylic acid Cumberland Mfg. Co., Nashville, , F. S. Forster, .\sheville Tenn. ; 9638 Salicylic acid. Dove Frank Tea and Spice Co., Cincin- J. D. Boone, Waynesville nati, O. ...do D. K. Collins, Bryson . Johnson Mfg. Co., Richmond, Va..jN. C. Christopher, Murphy.. Mcintosh & Co., Waynesville, N. C Merck & Co., New York, N. Y 9636 do... Morganton Grocery Co., Morgan- I ton, N. C. ' 9631 do Ma-iteller, Patrick, Hickory, N. C. E. C. Johnson, Hickory 9643 Salicylic acid. Dove Newton Tea and Spice Co., Cincin- T. I. Hughes, Bryson... i nati, O. 9644 do... do 9642 do do 10889 Fruit preserving powder, Norman-Perry Drug Co., Winston- R. H. White, North Wilkesboro.. Perry's I Salem, N. C. 1 I0S92i do ' do R. C. Poore, Mt. Airy.. 10878 do [ do Miller-Wolff Co., Rural Hall 10890 do ' do 'Walters Bros., North Wilkesboro. 9641 -...do 9647 Salicylic acid 9666 Canning powders. I 9645 Salicylic acid Jno. E. Fain, Murphy J. H. Lowdermilk, Morganton... J. W. R. Cline, Bryson. W. M. DeHart, Bryson. 10885 9624 10888 .do. .do. J. G. Messick, Winston-Salem Eagle & Milholland, Statesville... Salicylic acid .. Powers- Weightman-Rosengarten \ Co., Philadelphia, Pa. do ! do 'C. D. Lenderman, North Wilkes- I boro. 9630 do ..iRoscoe Drug Co., Nashville, Tenn. Bost & Newton, Hickory 9653| do _|Sanford-Chamberlain& Albers Co., J. E. Clayton, Brevard j I Knoxville, Tenn. 9654 do Saq Co., Johnson City, Tenn G. G. Hyder, Hendersonville 9629JFruit preservative, Scarrs.Scarrs Fruit Preservative Co., Cash Grocery Co., Statesville j r States-vdlle, N. C. 96251 do do ,M. P. Alexander & Son, States- ■ I I I ville. 9627| do --- do jW. P. MoCIean, Statesville 9659; do... i do I Newton Grocery Co., Newton 9658 do do 9628; Fruit powders, Scott's Scott, Jno. M., & Co., Charlotte, i ' N. C. 10926L.--do ....do. J. F. Smyre, Newton Fred. B. Phifer, Statesville. G. C. Welch, Mt. Airy The Bulletin 21 CAL FRUIT PRESERVING POWD'ERS— Continued. ° & -S3 Remarks and Conclusions 9632 Salicylic acid, and should be so labeled. It is misbranded in that it states it contains nothing j harmful. Salicylic acid in food renders the food deleterious to health and its sale illegal. 9633 j do. 9634! do. 9665 Salicylic acid, and should be no labeled; its use in food renders the food deleterious to health and its sale illegal. 9635 do. 9646 Salicylic acid; its use in food renders the latter deleterious to health and its sale illegal. I ' 9639 do. 9651 do. 9650 do. 9637 Salicylic acid; its use in food renders the latter deleterious and its sale illegal. 9638 do. 9641 do. 9647 do. 9666 Salicylic acid, and the fact should be so stated on label; its use in food is deleterious and renders the sale of the food illegal. 9645 Salicylic acid; its use in food renders the latter deleterious and its sale illegal. 9636 do. 9631 do. 9643 do. 9644, do. 9642| do. 10889 Composed largely of salicylic acid, and should be so labeled. Statement as to contents of package is in letters too small. Larger letters are required. 10892} do. 10878 do. 10890 Composed largely of salicylic acid and should be so labeled: its use in food renders the latter dele- terious to health and its sale illegal. 10885 Composed largely of salicylic acid, and should be so labeled in more prominent letters than those i on label. Its use in food renders the latter deleterious to health and its sale illegal. 9624 Salicylic acid, its xise in food renders the latter deleterioxis to health and its sale illegal. 10888! do. 9630 do. 9653, do. 9654; do. 9629 Salicylic acid, and should be so labeled. The statement that it is harmless is misleading. Its use in food renders the latter deleterious to health and its sale illegal. do. 9625 9627 9659 9658 9628 10926 do. do. do. Salicylic acid, and should be so labeled. Its use in food renders the latter deleterious to health and its sale illegal, do. 22 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF CHEMI ■si Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis 9660 Fruit powders, Scott's Scott, Jno. M., & Co., Charlotte, ; N. c. ..do do J. C. Germayel, Newton. .do. .do. 9626 9664 9663 10881 .-..do- 9662. ...do - 9640 Frxiit powder, Smith's. 10891 Fruit powder, Aleen's.. .do. .do. .do- .do. 10887 10877 10883 10882 10880 Fruit powders, Sure Keep. ....do. ....do. ....do. Smith, Dr. T. C, Asheville, N. C... Thompson, Dr. V. O., Winston- Salem. N. C. Vaughn-Crutchfield Co., Winston- Salem, X. C. ...do — .. -do -do. ..do .i do 10879. ...do -. L..-do 10884 Fruit powders. Farrow's.. Winston Drug Co., Winston-Salem, I N. C. 9652 Salicylic acid jVon Bremen Aache Co., New York, I I N. Y. ID. J. Kimball, Statesville.. ,M. C. Walter, Concord Barrier-Widenhouse Co., Con- cord. Bodenhamer Bros., Waughtown. Hahn-Honpycutt Co., Concord.. D. K. Collins, Bryson W. W. Thomas, Mt. Airy.. Smithey's Cheap Store, North Wilkesboro. A. L. Payne, Rural Hall Bennett & Tesh Co., Winston- Salem. Salem Supply Co., Winston- Salem. jBodenhamer Bros., Waughtown. Vogler & Hege, Waughtown « Angelo Bros., Winston-Salem \\. L. Barnett, Asheville. CHEESES. Cheese is the sound, solid, and ripened product made from milk and cream by coagulating the casein thereof with rennet or lactic acid, with or without the addition of ripening ferments and seasoning, and contains, in the water-free substance, not less than 50 per cent of milk fat. A product of this kind containing less than 50 per cent of milk fat in the water-free substance, must be sold as a substitute for cheese, or as a milk cheese, or under some name that will indicate to the pur- chaser that it is not a standard cheese. Eleven samples of cheeses were examined, all of which were sold for cheese, and only five of which were standard products. They all appear RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis 10173 - Cheese - .\rmour & Co., Wilmington, N. C. Holmes Grocery Co., Wilmington, N. C. do J. R. Guthrie, Wilmington.. 10445 10423 Cheese ....do... - John G Schulken, Wilmington.^ Winberry & Millis, Jacksonv-ille.. The Bulletin 23 CAL FRUIT PRESERVING POWDERS— Continued. Laboratory Number Remarks and Conclusions S660 Salicylic acid, and should be so labeled. Its use in food renders the latter deleterious to health and its sale illegal. 9626 do. 9664 do. 9663 do. 10881 do. 9662 do. 9640 Salicylic acid Its use in food renders the latter deleterious to health and its sale illegal. 10891 Salicylic acid, and should be so labeled. Its use in food renders the latter deleterious to health and its sale illegal. 10887 do. 10877 do. 10883 do. 10882 do. 10880 do. 10879 do. 10884 do. 9652 Salicylic acid. Its use in food renders the latter deleterious to health and its sale illegal. to have been properly branded, that is, where they were below standard they were so labeled as to indicate the fact, but the retail dealers of six of them, when offering the same for sale at retail misrepresented them and sold them for cheese, when under the law they are not cheeses, but substitutes for same. The food law provides that if a food product is below the standard of purity and strength adopted by the Board of Agriculture it is deemed to be adulterated and its sale a violation of the law. It seems to be the practice of many dealers to buy skim-milk <3heese, compound cheese, etc., and though the product is plainly labeled what it is they sell it for cheese and get the price of cheese for it. This is a violation of the law and if continued will have to be pros- >ecuted under the food law. 10571 Solids, 0.78% i Ash, 0.24% -> Compound apple cider, misrepresented ; sale illegal. \ 26 The Bulletin RESULTS OP THE EXAMINATION OF 2u ° 6 XI g 10573 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Cider, Imitation, Black- Los Angeles Fruit Cider Co., At- \V. D. Kelly, Raleigh, berry.* lanta, Ga. .do. 10574 Cider, Imitation, Mexican do Hot Magno.* 10525 Cider, Our Navy* IPrice & Lucas Cider and V'inegar II. C. Walker, Andrews. Co., Louis\nlle, Ky. 10526Cider, Apple, .\dam'a Spiro, Jacob, Knoxville, Tenn do Choice*. 9611 Cider, Imitation, Ramona*i - -. - jj. W, Cooper, Windsor.. 9612 Cider, Imitation, Hot Tom*' do 10579 10577 10578 10575 Cider, Imitation* W. D. Kelly. Raleigh. ...do* ...do* -do. -do. .do. .do. 10572Cider, Imitation Apple, ..do I Tiger*. 10694 Cider, Imitation* , A. S. Lyon, Rocky Mount. 10693,. ...do* do 98951. ...do*. 10539 Cider, Compound* 10576 Cider, Imitation*.. E. P. Martin, Waynesville. S. E. Mauney, Old Fort. 10538 Cider, Compound*. 10589!... .do* 962aCider, Imitation*... 10511 ( 10960 Cider* Cider, Apple* W. D. Kelly, Raleigh. . S. F. Mauney, Old Fort .]R. B. Scarboro, Mt. Gilead .'S. M. Wheeler, Oxford -iMilton McLaurin, Fayetteville. .IH. G. Powell, Lenoir.- •Sample sent to the Department for analysis. COFFEE AND COFFEE SUBSTITUTES. Coffee is the seed of a small tree, coffea, whose fleshy fruit is about the size of a small cherry, and contains two seeds joined on their flat sides, which when freed from the pulp and the enveloping membrane are the coffee beans of commerce. Roasted coffee is coffee which by the action of heat has become brown and developed its characteristic aroma, and contains not less than 10 per cent of fat and 3 per cent of ash. The Bulletin 27 CIDERS AND IMITATION CIDERS— Continued. s a 10573 10574 10525 10526 The Sample Contained f Alcohol (by volume) 5.17%. Solids, 13.41% lAsh, 0.24% - -- f Aleohol (by volume) 5.78%. Solids, 14.65%- - i Ash, 0.24% f Alcohol (by volume) 9.17%. I Benzoate Alcohol (by volume) 6.57%... Remarks and Conclusions Imitation blackberry cider, not properly labeled. Imitation cider. Compound cider, misrepresented, sale illegal, do. 10579 10577 10578 10575 10572 10694 9895 10539 10576 10538 10589 9620 10511 10960 geilAlcohol (by volume) 0.18% jlmitation cider 9612 Alcohol (by volume) 0.25% .limitation cider r Alcohol (by volume) 6.95% ] Solids, 12.26% i Ash, 0.22%.. f Alcohol (by volume) 6.95% ■\ Solids, 12.08% \ I Ash, 0.19% J f Alcohol (by volume) 7.28% Solids, 12.49% I Ash, 0.23% (^ Alcohol (by volume) 7.14% SoUds, 12.18% I Ash, 0.18%. f Alcohol (by volume) 8.97%^... Solids. 9.98% lAsh, 0.28% Alcohol (by volume) 8.12% 10693 Alcohol (by volume) 6.32% I Alcohol (by volume) 4.37% Solids, 1.28% bidder, imitation i Ash. 0.22%% ■Mcohol (by volume) 5.32%. f Alcohol (by volume) 10.14%... Solids. 10.34% [ Imitation cider. Ash, 0.24% > Alcohol (by volume) 5.24% ..Compound cider Alcohol (by volume) 16.67 do. Alcohol (by volume) 2.35% Imitation cider. Alcohol (by volume) 4.11% \ do. f Alcohol (by vylumo^ 4.51% \ Acidi'y, 1.5.5% do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Compound cider. } |Appl e cid'T, changing to vinegar. The principal action or stimulating constituent of coffee is caffeine. a white, bitter crystallizable substance. From the Food Report of this Department for 1911 the following is quoted: "The principal material which is used to mix with and adulterate coffee is chicory, though cereals and leguminous seeds, such as wheat, rye, barley, beans and peas are often used. Many brands of so-called coffee on the market contain from 20 to 60 per cent of chicory. The manufacturers of these products generally claim that the chicory is 28 The Bulletin added not to adulterate, but to actually improve the quality and to give strength to the coffee. This claim is misleading to the public. Roasted chicory contains a large amount of caramel and starchy matter, that impart to the product, when made into a liquid for use as a beverage, a black, thick, soup-like appearance. The effect produced in coifee by chicory can no more con'ectly be regarded as adding strength to the coffee than if so much roasted starch and caramel had been added to it. Chicory is not added to coffee to give it strength, hut to cheapen the product. "The State Food Law provides that a product is adulterated : If any substance has been mixed or packed with it so as to reduce or lower its quality or strength, or if any substance has been substituted wholly or in part for the article. The addition of chicory to coffee reduces and lowers its strength and quality just as much as the addition of the same amount of roasted ground wheat or rye, or roasted potato or any other roasted starchy substance, and is an adulterant. The addition of chicory or any other of the above substances to coffee, without stating the fact on the label, is a violation of the law. Chicory and cereals cost less than one-fifth the price of coffee. Then why pay the price of coffee for chicory and cereals when the latter are mixed with coffee? "It is advisable to buy unground coffee and have it ground, then you get what you pay for." Under the head of coffee and coffee substitutes seventy-one samples were examined, twenty-two of which were adulterated or raisbranded, RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OP >> Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler 9927 Coffee and chicory, Dixie American Coffee Co., New Orleans, Land. ! La. 9934 Coffee and chicory, Honey-1 do. j moon. 10438 Coffee and chicory. Dinner Aragon Coffee Co., Richmond, Va.. I Bucket. 10229Coffee and chicory. Pre- do - ---. mium. 10262 Coffee and chicory, Ten do. Cent. 1 10284 Coffee and chicory. Jar- do vina. Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis 9713lMoney Saver. 10353 9939 10323 Coffee, Battle Axe.. Coffee and chicory. -do. -do. P. A. Jones. Statesville Stradley & Luther, Asheville W. C. Boe-sch, Wilmington W. L. Summerlin, Goldsboro J. T. Aldridge, LaGrange J. G. Brown, Kinston Young Bros., Newton T. E. White, Edenton Zimmerman & Son, Ashe\alle .^sherille Grocery Co., Asheville, N. C. Austin-Nichols & Co., New York, J. P. Jackson, Washington.. N. Y. do ...JJ. B. Jones & Son, Beaufort Bowers Bros., Richmond, Va H. Williams, Goldsboro I Coffee and chicory, Noreo- lina. 10157 ....do.... 10242 Coffee and chicoiy. Ten Penny. " I 10810 Coffee and chicory, Danne- Dannemiller Coffee Co., Brooklyn, JR. P. Carrell, Greensboro miller's. I N. Y. i The Bulletin 29 and five were misrepresented by the dealer, making twenty-seven that were sold in violation of the law. By reference to the table below it will be seen that these products con- tain chicory to the amount of about 30 to 40 per cent; some running as low as 10 per cent, while others as high as 80 per cent. There is much misbranding of this class of products, and extrava- gant claims are made for them by many of the manufacturers. It is claimed that chicory adds strength to coffee, and improves its quality, but if their mixing happens to be bad, and an examination shows a little more chicory in a sample than the manufacturer thinks it contains, he usually objects seriously to the publishing of the results, claiming that the excess of chicory was due to some accident, and that to publish the results will injure his business and do him great injustice. There is no objection on the part of the Department to the sale of coffee and chicory, mixed in any proportion, provided the product is properly and honestly labeled what it is. If it is coffee and chicory it should be so labeled ; if it is chicory and coffee it should be so labeled. That is if the coffee is in excess it should be labeled coffee and chicory, d if the chicory is in excess it should be labeled chicory and coffee an Some manufacturers insist on calling these products blends of coffee and chicory. The food laAV provides that a blend is a mixture of like substances. Coffee and chicory not being like substances, a mixture of them can not constitute a blend. COFFEE AND COFFEE SUBSTITUTES. 2m ° s 9927 9934 10438 10229 10262 10284 9713 10353 9939 i 10353 10157 10242 10810 1"5 78.00 72.00 28.00 23.00 51.00 77.00 93.00 42.00 43.00 74.00 22.00 28.00 72.00 77.00 47.00 23.00 Remarks and Conclusions 0.00 7.00 58.00 57.00 26.00 32.00 68.00 Coffee and cbicory. do. Compound chicory and coffee, misbranded; the chicory being in excess it should be labeled chicory and coffee. Sale illegal, do. Compound coffee and chicory. It is not a blend as labeled; statement in regard to strength of chicory misleading. Sale illegal. Compound coffee and chicory. Statement on can in regard to chicory and strength of compound is misleading. Sale illegal. Coffee and chicory, misrepresented by dealer. He sold same as coffee. Sale illegal. Coffee. Coffee and chicory. Compound chicory and coffee, misbranded; chicory being in excess it should be labeled chicory and coffee. Sale illegal, do. Compound coffee and chicory. t Chicory and coffee, misbranded; as chicory is in excess, it should be branded chicory and coffee. Sale illegal. 30 The Bulletin RESULTS OP THE EXAMINATION OF COF ■is 10807 9933 9932 10222 10359 10227 10341 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Coffee and Chicory, Danne- Dannemiller Coffee Co., Brooklyn, miller's. N. Y. Coffee and chicory, Cover- Englehardt, A. & Sons, Louis- nor's Cup. i ville, Ky. Coffee and chicory, Corosa do — Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis A. V. Williams & Co., Kinston... Roland & Mclntyre, Ashe ville... P. Z. Harbison & Co., Morgan- ton. Ellis Co., Clayton Coffee and chicory. Big Fleming-Christian Co., Richmond Richmond. Va. i Coffee and chicory. Dime.. Four, The Co., Norfolk, Va J. S. Privott, Edenton Coffee and chicory. Auto.. GUI, Jas. G., Norfolk, Va. J. G. Derr, Goldsboro. Alex. Lee, Belhaven — 10811 9944 H. I. Sutton, Kinston O. F. Pearce, Grecnsboro. Coffee and chicory Gill, Jas. G. Co., Norfolk, Va.. 10330 Coffee and chicory. South- Gillies, Edwin J. & Co.. New Walter Credle & Co., Washing- ! ern Belle. York, N. Y. ton. 10270 Coffee and chicory, I're- Globe Coffee and Molasses Co., E. E. Rouse, LaGrange.. ..- I mium. New Orle.sns, La. 10808 Coffee and chicory, Caro-. Hall & Bass, Norfolk, Va Una. Coffee and chicory Hall, H. R. Co., Chicago, 111 Coffee and chicory. Sew- Hanley & Kinsella Coffee and D. E. Stepp, Hendersonville. anee. Spice Co., St. Louis, Mo. 9931 Coffee and chicory. Old 76. do .1. P. Phifer, Lenoir 10215 Coffee and chicory... Imperial Coffee Co., Richmond, Va. J. D. Smith, Clayton 10412 Coffee and chicory. Lucky do Brown's Grocery, Williamston.. Strike 10806Coffee and chicory. One do R. L. Clapp & Bro., Graham ... Dime. 9712 Coffee, Red Cross do J. M. Smith, Morganton 9912 do.. do do 9614 Coffee and chicory do Brown-Toon Co., Wilmington .. 9940 Coffee and chicory, French Importers Coffee Co., New Orleans, W. G. Sparks, Murphy La. do E. C. Johnson, Hickory. Restaurant. 9929iCoffee and chicory, Jack- son Square, Blue label. ' 10815 Coffee and chicory.. Kenny, C. D., Co., Baltimore, Md.. C. D. Kenny Co., Winston-Salem. 10813 Gold Bell ....do do do.. do do Park Mercantile Co., Winston- Salem. Levering Coffee Co., Baltimore, J. P. Jackson, Washington Md. do VV. Gray Willis, Washington 10814 Coffee and chicory, Selfast. 10803 ....do 10324 Coffee and chicory, Bonita 10317jCoffee and chicory, Com- merce. 10304 Coffee and chicory, Dime Special. 10415 Coffee and cl ' ory, Possum 10809:Coffee and chicory. Victory 10160-.. -do 10147 Coffee, Hunter. 11030 Coffee and chicory. Rex I blend. 9937Coffee and chicory, Gold I Seal. .do - J. F. Clarke, New Bern. Ludwig, Fred. B., New York, N. Y. W. J. Hodges, Williamston Merchants Coffee Co., New Orleans, iTroxler Bros., Greensboro La. ' ....do... C. V. Hill, Beaufort - Levering Coffee Co., Baltimore, Md Klein Bros., Morehead City Mustin Robertson Co., Ashe\nlle, Asheville Penny Grocery Co., N. C. Asheville. do -.- ..|0. K. Grocery Co., Asheville The Bulletin 31 FEE AND COFFEE SUBSTITUTES— Conitntted. Is 1 « 1 ^ Remarka and Conclusions 2^ k6 1080/ 1 37.00 63.00 Chicory and coffee, misbranded; as chicory is in excess, it should be branded chicory and coffee. Sale illegal. 9933 90.00 10.00 Coffee and chicory. 9932 70.00 30.00 do. 10222 18.00 82.00 Chicory and coffee; chicory being in excess the product should be labeled chicory and coffee. Sale illegal. 10359 80.00 20.00 Compound coffee and chicory; labeled indistinctly, coffee and chicory. Misbranded; sale illegal. 10227 40.00 60.00 Chicory and coffee, misbranded. The chicory being in excess the product should be labeled chicory and coffee. Sale illegal. 10341 84.00 16.00 Compound coffee and chicory. 10330 61.00 39.00 Compound coffee and chicory, misbranded; statements on label as to strength mis- leading. Sale illegal . 10270 84.00 16.00 Compound coffee and chicory. 10808 87.00 •13.00 Compound coffee and chicory. Statement on package aa to strength of chicory mis- leading; sale illegal. 10811 91.00 9.00 Coffee and chicory. 9944 55.00 45.00 Compound coffee and chicory. 9931 65.00 35.00 Compound coffee and chicory. 10215 90.00 10.00 do. 10412 40.00; 60.00 Chicory and coffee, misbranded. The chicory is in excess and the product should be branded chicory and coffee; sale illegal. 10806 55.00 45.00 Compound coffee and chicory; not properly labeled. 9712 Coffee and chicory; package labeled and sold as coffee; sale illegal. 9912 57.00 43.00 do. 9614 50.00' 50.00 Compound coffee and chicory. 9940 65.00 35.00 Compound of coffee and chicory. 9929 66.00 34.00 do. 10815 8.00 92.00 do. 10813 do. 10814 __ _ 52.00 48.00 do. 10803 do. 10324 71.00 29.00 Compound coffee and chicory. Statements on label misleading; sale illegal. 10317 75.00 25.00 do. 10304 78.00 22.00 Compound coffee and chicory. 10415 75.00 25.00 do. 10809 70.00 30.00 do. 10160 74.00 26.00 do. 10147 Coffee. 11030 73.00 27.00 Compound coffee and chicory, misbranded; is not a blend as branded. A blend is a mixture of like substances; sale illegal. 9937 71.00 29.00 Compound coffee and chicory. 32 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF COF >, u SI E Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Hollar & Co., Asheville Southside Grocery, Asheville. P. W. Mock, Winston- Salem . Young Bros., Newton. F. Shelton, Marshall... J. L. Hassell and Co., Williams- ton. S. O. Frink, Wilmington A. W. Aman, Clinton E. E. Rouse, LaGrange. 9935 Coffee and chicory, GoldMustin Robertson Co., Ashville, Seal. N. C. 9936 Coffee and chicory, French' New Orleans Coffee Co., New Market. I Orleans, La. 10812 Coffee and chicory. Pointer do - 10805'Coffee and chicory, Winner do Meador Supply Co., Madison 9948 Coffee and chicory. Jubilee North State Coffee Co., Charlotte, jAle-xander Bros., Charlotte j ! N. c. 9946 Coffee and chicory, Ele- Potter CoEfee Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. I phant. 9942 Coffee and chicory, Daily Reily-Taylor Co.. New Orleans, La. I Delight. 10322Coffee and chicory. The do ij. P. Jackson, Washington t Boss. 10418Coffee and chicory, Lou- do zianne. 10440 Coffee and chicory. Pelican Southern Coffee Mills, New Orleans, I La. 10187 Coffee and chicory, Creole do Cafe, blend. 10269Coffee and chicory, King do Cotton. 1 j 11008 Coffee, chicory and cereal, Sprague-Warner Co., Chicago, IIL-'Efird Bros., Winston-Salem Dino. 9958 do do do 105071. ...do - j....do. - do 10642J do i do - [....do... 9938 Coffee and chicory, Sanoga^Tiedman Co., Charleston, S. C W. P. Fort & Son, Ashe\alle.... Vaughn & Co., Winston-Salem, Moore Bros., Winston-Salem... N. C. Wagener, E. W., & Co.. Charles-'w. B. Palmer & Son, Shelby... ton, S. C. i ...do ..IPace & Garren, Hendersonville Williams, R. C. & Co., New York N.Y. 9930 Coffee and chicory. Glen VVoolson Spice Co., Toledo, O Raven. Oriental Tea Co., Boston, Mas,» Howell Cobb, Raleigh.. Four Co., The, Norfolk. Va R. Sewell, Murfreesboro 10816 Coffee, Old Time Rio. 9947 Coffee and chicory. Excel- sior. 99451. ...do 10396 Coffee and chicory, Good Cup 10522 Coffee compound... 10927 Coffee and chicory. E. M. Davis, Ehzabeth City. J. B. Phifer, Lenoir FLOUR. Flour is the fine, clean, sound product made by bolting wheat meal and contains not more than 13.5 per cent of moisture, not less than 1.25 per cent of nitrogen, not more than 1 per cent of ash, and not more than 0.5 per cent of fiber. On this very important subject the following is quoted from the Keport of this Department for 1910: "Yery little adulteration is found in flour, except the bleaching of it by the use of nitrogen peroxide, a poisonous gas. A food product is adulterated: If it. be mixed, colored, bleached, powdered, coated or The Bulletin" 33 FEE AND COFFEE SUBSTITUTES— Con^nued. go Remarks and Conclusions 9935 69.00 31.00 Compound cofifee and chicory. 9936 74.00 26.00 do. 10812 10805 9948 74.00 58.00 73.00 26.00 42.00 27.00 do. do. do. 9946 77.00 23.00 do. 9942 10322 42.00 76.00 58.00 24.00 Compound chicory and coffee, misbranded. Should be branded chicory and coffee, and not oofTee and chicory; sale illegal. Compound coffee and chicory. 10418 69.00 31.00 do. 10440 69.00 31.00 do. 10187 73.00 27.00 Compound coffee and chicory; and not a blond as labeled; sale illegal. 10269 11008 61.00 39.00 Compound coffee and chicory, misbranded. Statements on label as to quality and being a blend misleading; sale illegal. Chicory, cereal and coffee. Dealer sold as coffee. Misrepresented; sale illegal. 9058 Chicory, cereal and cofifee. Dealer sold as coffee. Misrepresented; sale illegal. 10507 do. 10642 do. 9938 10816 82.00 18.00 Coffee and chicory. Statement on label in regard to chicory probably misleading. Coffee. 9947 Coffee and chicory. 9945 do. 10396 9930 63.00 37.00 Compound coffee and chicory, misbranded. Is not a blend as branded. Also does not show name and address of manufacturer; sale illegal. Coffee and chicory. lOSW Coffee and cereal. 10927 Coffee and chicory. stained in a manner whereby damage or inferiority is concealed, or if it contains any added poisonous or other added deleterious ingredient which may render such article injurious to health. "Investigations have shown that in the bleaching of flour by the Alsop process both classes of adulteration exist. The bleaching agent, nitrogen peroxide, is a poisonous substance and is left in the flour after the bleaching is completed. By bleaching, low grade flours are made to appear like high grade products, the appearance of them being improved without improving their quality. "The owners of the patent rights for the bleaching process have made 34 The Bulletin the greatest effort possible to prevent food officials from enforcing the law against the bleaching of flour. They have employed, at great cost, the best scientific and legal talent that could be had in this country, but the officials have so far won in every case tried, the most important of which is the one known as the Kansas City case. It was hard fought by both sides and the court found : "1. Flour bleached by the Alsop process contains added poisonous and deleterious ingredients, which render the flour injurious to health. "2. Flour bleached by the Alsop process contains a substance known as nitrites, which reduces, lowers and injuriously affects the quality and strength of the flour. "3. Flour bleached by the Alsop process is mixed, colored and stained in a manner whereby damage or inferiority is concealed. "4. For these reasons flour bleached by the Alsop process is adul- terated within the meaning of the Food Law, and that the character of the adulteration is such that no statement upon the package or label will bring bleached flour within the law. "Practically the above decision has been reached by several courts, both State and Federal, and it is not likely that these decisions will be reversed by the higher courts." Before the above court decision was reached the millers of the State insisted that much bleached flour was being shipped into North Caro- lina and sold in competition with their unbleached product. The De- partment made an examination of the flour shipped into the State and RESULTS OF THE >, I. Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis "I" 10556 Flour, Kruso ..- Acme-Evans Co. .Indianapolis, Ind. 10564 Flour, E. Z. Bake .[ do 9875 Flour, Columbia do. 9916 do do. 9526 Flour, Osofine do. 9985 Flour, Sifted Snow. 9984 Forest King 10066 Flour, Eldean.. 10928 Flour, Choice 10570 Flour. .do. .do. The Allen-Wheeler Co., Troy, Ohio. Alexander-Parks, Martinsburg, W. Va. Amandt Milling Co., Monroe, Mich. 10604 Flour. Rob Roy ..do. 9849 Flour, Lotus do.... 9536 Flour, William Tell .Ansted-Burk Co., Springfield, 9511 Flour, Aiiender's Best AUender J. H., Roller, Mich... O. 9983 Flour, Eldean.... Allen-Wheeler Co., Troy, Ohio.... 10128 Flour, William Tell Anst«d-Burk Co., Springfield, O.. 10125 Flour, White Fawn.. Antietam Mill Co., Frankstown, Md. Littleton Feed and Grocery Co., Littleton. Matthews-Weeks . ' ?8 Nitrous Nitrogen, Milligrams Per Kilo of Flour Remarks and Conclusions ^1 • 10556 None found . _ .. Flour, do. 10564 ...do. 9875 ....do do. do. do. 9916 . .do 9526 ...do 9985 ...do. do. 9984 ....do do. 10066 ...do do. ♦ 10928 ...do. do. 10570 ....do do. 10604 ..._do.. do. 9849 ....do do. 9536 .-..do do. 9511 .-.do do. 9983 ...-do do. 10128 ....do do. 10125 — .do 1 do. 36 The Bulletin RESULTS OP THE EXAMINA ° S 9964 9963 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Flour, Biltmore Asheville Milling Co., AsheviUe, N. C. Flour, Climax do Flour, Biltmore do --- 9833!Flour, Bellman Atwatcr Mills, Flint, Mich 9532 Flour, White Lilly Augusta Milling Mercantile Co., I Mossy Creek. 9900 Flour, Banner.. JAustin-Heaton Co., Durham, N. C 10120 Flour, Peerless do 9953 do.. do. 9950 do ! do.... 10065 do do 11015 ....do ....do 9919 do do 10594 Flour, Banner do 9S77 Flour, Climax j do - 9876 Flour, Banner.. do 9918— -do I do 10078. ...do ....do .- Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for .Analysis IByers Bros., Hendersonville. .do. 9952 Flour, Our Pride... 9951 Flour, Superb. 9472 Flour, White Lilly. 10551 Flour, Crystal Sons, Winchester, ..do ..do ..do Baker's W. B Va. 11021!. ...do ....do.. 9858 Flour, Lily of the Valley do. 9859 Flour, Magnolia do...^ 9870 Flour, Crystal ^... do 10112 Flour, Obelisk.. .Ballard & Ballard, Louisville, Ky. 11019.. ..do. .do. 9586 Flour, Delmore's Best Barkley, F. D., & Son, Gastonia, ' N. C. 9583 Flour, Porcelain Boiling, Andrew, Staunton, Va 9S68 do I do.. 9530 Flour, Success ' do 9547iFlour, Faultless 'Berry\-ille Milling Co., Berryville, Va. 11016 Flour, Reliable Bluemont Milling Co., Bluemont, Va. 9855 Flour, O. K Britt, D. S., Marlboro, Va 9854 do- I do ■ 9862! do do 10469 Flour, Crown Brockett & Son, High Point, N. C. 9S32 Flour, Belle of Wilmington Brooks, J. W., Wilmington, N. C. 9534'Flour, B. B Brown, R. H., & Co., Linvillc De- I pot, Va. 10105 Flour, Primrose Buena Vista Mills, Buena Vista, Va. 10103 Flour, Cotton Blossom | do 9556 Flour, Pride of Salem Burk, P. E., Winston-Salem iBost & Newton, Hickory J. W. Brooks, Wilmingtton A. F. Messick Grocery Co., Char- lotte. Geo. A. Rose, Henderson Scott-Sparger Co., Greensboro.. Breedlove & McFarland, Oxford. 'Perry-Wood Co., Durham West-Hill Co.,Mount Airy Scott-Sparger Co., Greensboro Carpenter Bros, Durham Brooks & Eubanks, Pittsboro... Eugene Johnson, Littleton ....do Carpenter Bros., Durham S. V. Tomlinson, North Wilkes- boro. Breedlove & McFarland, Oxford. Perr>--Wood Co., Durham S. V. Tomlinson, N. Wilkesboro iQeo. A. Rose Co., Henderson 1 . R. G. Hyatt, Greensboro . J. D. Home, Wadesboro... ....do , C. V. Williams, Hamlet . C. E. Pugh, Greensboro .American Com. Co., Greensboro. F. D. Barkley & Son, Gastonia.. J. E. Stoop, Statesville M. L. Milliken & Co., Hamlet... Herbert Erwin, Charlotte Hancock Grocery Co., Winston- Salem, Scott-Sparger Co., Greensboro... Leak & Marshall, W'adesboro Collins & Biggers Co., Monroe.. Hardison Co., Wadesboro Brockett & Son, High Point J. W. Brooks, Wilmington.. Cochrane & McLaughlin, Char- lotte. Madison Grocery Co., Madison. .do. Clifton Forge Flouring Mill Co., Clifton Forge, Va. Cline's Best Cline Bros., Benevola, Md 10106| Flour, Belle of Clifton i 101291 Flour, Farmers Trade House, Winston- Salem. T. D. Meador Grocery Co., Madi- son. iDavidson & Wolfe, Charlotte The Bulletin 37 TION OP FhOUR— Continued. ° S 9964 Nitrous Nitrogen, Milligrams Per Kilo of Flour Remarks and Conclusions None found. 9963 do 99891 do 9833 do 9532 None found. Flour. do. do. do. do. 9900 0.75 Flotir, bleached; sale illegal. 10120 0.15 Flour, slightly bleached. 9953:Trace Flour. 995o| do do. 10065 do do. llOlSNone found I do. 9919 0.52 Flour, bleached; sale illegal. 10594 Trace ]Flour. 9877 do do. 9876 do - -I do. 9918 0.62 Flour, bleached; sale illegal. 10078 Trace , Flour. 9952 do 9951 None found. ..do ..do 9472 10551 do. do. do. do. 11021.. 9858 .. 9859 -. 9870'.. 10112 11019- 9586.. ..do do. ..do.. do. ..do..- do. ..do do. 0.20 Flour, slightly bleached. ..do... ...Flour. ..do do. 9583. 9868. 9530. 9547, . ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. 11016.. ..do. do. do. do. do. do. 9855.. ..do. 9854 ....do. 9862 Trace. 10469 9832 9534 10105 10103 9556 10106 None found. -...do .- ....do Trace. None found. ....do .do. 10129. ...do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 38 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA ^1 ■21 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler 9955 Flour, Orange Blossom 'Coiner Milling Co., Lynwocd, Va. 9522 Flour, White Rose ...Concord Milling Co., Concord, I N. C. 9999Flour, Queen of the Valley. I Cosby, I. L., Grottoes, Va 10084 Flour, Log Cabin 'Capital Milling Co., Columbus, O.. 10557 Flour, Lexington Cream.. Cockley Milling Co., Lexington, O.. Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis J. W. & D. S. Fuller, Oxford.... Rhyne Bros., Charlotte 9879 Flour, White Clover. .do. 9874 do do 9873 Flour, Lexington Cream .. do 10549 Flour, Orange Blossom , Coiner Milling Co., Lynwood, Va.. 98&4 Flour, Best Patent 10605 Flour, Rob Roy... Coombs, W. A., Milling Co. Water, Mich. 9830 Flour, Juno do .do. Cold 10566,Flour, Rob Roy. 11009Flour, Purity 10649lFlour, Oven Lifter..... 11020 Flour, Cream 9852 Flour, White Rose 9949Flour, Dan Valley do 9473,Flour, Oak Ridge do .do. Cupp, J. T. A., Mossy Creek, Va.. Cumberland Mills, Nashville, Tenn. ...do Dan Valley Mills, Danville, Va... 9996tFlour, Silver Lake. Dayton Roller Mills, Dayton, Va. 10560 Flour, Ideal 9872. .--do—. 10545 Flour, Forest King 10547 Flour, Sea Foam ] do. 9831 do do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Detroit Milling Co., Detroit, Mich. ....do. - Dunlop Mills, Richmond, Va 9834 Flour. Violet 9853 Flour, Anchor 10082 Flour, Forest King 9674 Flour, Dunlop Superlative 9475 Flour, Olive Branch ...doi. 9476 9577 Flour, James River... do. Flour, Superlative Patent do. 95761 Flour, Anchor Brand .■ do 957o! Flour, Gallego j do 10939 Flour, Royal The Dunlop Milling Company, I Clarksville, Tenn. Flour, Gold Coin lEagle Roller Mill Co., New Ulm, I Minn. ..do.. - 9574 11014 9535 10139 9925 9842: 10568 10606; Harris & McNeely, Mooresville. The Atkinson Co., Elkin R. C. & C. W. Gregory, Weldon.. Littleton Feed & Gro. Co., Little- ton. S. J. Stallings, Littleton ....do Beacom Supply Co., Henderson. Parson & Hardison, Wadesboro. J. H. Culbreth & Co., Fayette- ville. The Stone Co., Wilmington Matthews, Weeks & Co., Rocky Mount. Hutchinson Bros, Reidsville Leak & Marshall, Wadesboro R. G. Hyatt, Greensboro Snyder-Huntley Co., Monroe Perrj'-Wood Co., Durham Vaughn-Hemphill Co., North Wilkesboro. Howard, Brawley & Co., Moores- ville. Weldon Grocery Co., Weldon P. C. & W. C. Gregory, Weldon.. R. G. Allen, Louisburg P. A. Reavis Co., Louisburg The Stone Co., Wilmington J. W. Brooks, Wilmington Collins & Biggers, Monroe F. D. Forester, North Wilkesboro ....do ....do.. ....do Peeler Grain and Provision Co., Salisbury. ....do ....do J. Flem Johnston, Gastonia Overman & Co., Salisbury ....do Flour, Our Own. Flour, Excelsior. Flour, Cremo... Flour, Puritan. Flour, Eldred-. Flour, Eagle Flouring Mill Co., Sweet Water, Va. Edinburg Milling Co., Edinburg, Va. Efland Milling Co., Efland, N. C. Eldred Milling Co., Jackson, Mich, ---do The Patterson Co., Greensboro.. Cochrane & McLaughlin, Char- lotte. A. L. Wall, Selma Rose Bud do. I. A. Burnett & Son, Durham... [Dixon & Etheridge, New Bern.. Geo. S. Edwards, Rocky Mount. J. H. Culbreth, Fayetteville The Bulletin 39 TION OF FIjOVR— Continued. t Nitrous Nitrogen, Milligrams Per Kilo of Flour Remarks and Conclusions 9955 Flour. 9522 0.42 Flour, bleached; sale illegal. 9999 None found... Flour. inn84 ... do.. do. 10557 . do . do. 9879 do - do. 9874 Trace . do. 9873 ....do -- do. 10549 None found .. do. 9864 ....do do. 10605 ....do Flour, not properly labeled. Does not show name of manufacturer or jobber; sale illegal. 9830 do Flour. 10566 do do. 11009 .do do. 10649 do do. 11020 do do. 9852 ..-.do do. 9949 ....do_... do. 9473 -...do do. 9996 ....do .-- do. 10560 do - . . . .. do. 987?, ----do do. 10545 ---.do do. 10547 ....do --. do. 9831 -..do do. 9834 ....do do. 9853 do do. 10082 ....do do. 9674 ..-do-... do. 9475 _...do do. 9476 . do - do. 9577 do do. 9576 ....do do. 9575 ....do. ._ do. 10939 . do -. do. 9574 do do. 11014 do do. 9535 ....do - do. 10139 -...do Flour, offered for sale in short weight packages; sale illegal. 9925 ....do Flour. 9842 ....do - do. 10568 --do—. do. 10606 ....do do. 40 The Bulletin- results OF THE EXAMINA 10600 9520 10138 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Flour, Puritan. Flour, Winner.. I Flour, Merry Widow. (Self Rising.) 9837 ....do 10685 Flour, Rainbow I (Self Rising.) 9555 Flour, Rising Sun 9551 9544 9543 9519 9962 Flour, Purity. Flour, Rising Sun. Flour, Primrose Flour, Senator. Eldred Milling Co., Jackson, Mich Faulkner, N. A., & Co., Arcadia, Fla. Ford Flour Co., Nashville, Tenn. . .do. -do. Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Forsyth Roller Mills, Winston-Sa- lem, N. C. ....do .do. Flour, Jack Frost. 9913 Flour, White Swan. 10135 9569 9568 9567 9566 9565 10644 9561 9549 10569 10603 9548 9513 10683 9863 10117 10113 10100 10083 10080 9922 10933 9541 Flour, Best. Flour, Grimes First. Flour, Whole Wheat Cream Flour, Silver Cloud Flour, Grimes Best Flour, Tar Heel's Delight. Flour, Silver Cloud Flour, Our Best Flour, Square Deal Flour, Jefferson ..do ..do Flour, Seal of Ohio. Flour, Jefferson Front Royal Milling Co., Front Royal, Va. Fuher-Ford Milling Co., Mt. Ver- non, Ind. Gillespie & Duckett, Leicester, N. C. Gochenour, W. J., Penlaird, Va... Greyhill, Jno. D., & Sons, Belle- ville, Pa. Grimes Milling Co., Salisbury N. C. ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do.... Grimes Bros., Lexington, N. C Gwinn Milling Co., Columbus, O.. .do. .do. .do- .do. A. E. Rankin Co., Fayetteville.. Adams Grain and Provision Co., Charlotte. \V. H. Stallings, Selma W. C. Moye & Son, Goldsboro.. Selma Supply Co., Selma. Farmers Stock Co., Winston-Sa- lem. Farmers Trade House, Winston- Salem. ...do Chas. Moody Co., Charlotte Adams Grain and Provision Co., Charlotte. Farmers Union Supply Co., Ashe- ville. J. W. Ferrell. Durham Johnson Bros., Charlotte IW. R. Woodson, Salisbury ....do.... ..-.do --.do Flour, Square Deal.. Flour, Jefferson. ....do _...do Flour, Seal of Ohio. Flour, Best -do. .do. Gwinn Milling Co., Columbus, O. .do. -do. -do- -do- -do- -do. -do- -do- Greyhill, Jno. D., & Sons, Belle- viUe, Pa. R. L. Leonard, Lexington .-. ---do - Stanly Supply Co., Albemarle.-. W. H. Moffitt, Lexington _.- Norman-Moir-Dalton Co., Win- ston-Salem. Geo. J. Hales & Bro., Rocky Mount. J. H. Culbreth & Co., Fayette- ville. Norman-Moir-Dalton Co., Win- ston-Salem. Adams Grain and Provision Co., Charlotte. The Planters Trading Co., Lau- rinburg. H. W. Little & Co., Wadesboro. The Patterson Co., Greensboro. O. F. Pearce, Greensboro.. Norman-Moir-Dalton Co., Win- ston-Salem. The Atkinson Co., Elkin S. V. Tomlinson, North Wilkes- boro. M. V. Lawrence, Durham Adams Grain and Provision Co., Charlotte. Johnston Bros., Charlotte.. The Bulletin 41 TION OF FLOUR— Continued. Laboratory Number Nitrous Nitrogen, Milligrams Per Kilo of Flour Remarks and Conclusions 10600 None found . Flour. 9520 ....do do. 10138 ....do... Flour, containing a leavening agent; the acid ingredient not stated; sale illegal. do. 9837 Faint trace 10685 None found Flour containing a leavening agent, the acid ingredient not stated; sale illegal. Flour. 9555 ....do -. 9551 ....do do. 9544 .-..do. do. 9543 .-..do do 9519 ....do . „ do. 9962 -—do do. 9913 ..-.do do. 10135 ....do do. 9569 do. 9568 None found do. 9567 9566 9565 10644 9561 9549 10569 10603 9548 9513 .-..do. ....do. ....do. ....do- ....do. ..-.do. .—do. ....do- ....do. .— do- 10683 None found. None found- --..do Trace 9863|Trace. 10117 10113 10100 10083 10080 9922 10933 9541 None found- ....do ...do. ...do- .... do- do, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 42 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA Laboratory Number Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis 9546 Flour, Jersey Lily . Harmon & DeRondeau, Crimora, Va. Holladay, H. T., Jr., Rapidan, Va.. High Point Milling Co., High Point, N. C. Harrisonburg Milling Co., Harri- sonburg, Va. Horn-Johnston Co., Mocksville, N.C. Hale, J., & Sons, Ionia, Mich Hickory Milling Co., Hickory, N.C. Hico Milling Co., Burlington, N. C. ....do J. G. Messick, Winston-Salem 9538 9525 9521 Flour, Pride of the South. Flour, Cream White Flour, Lorena Johnston Bros., Charlotte W. J. Fite, Chariotte Adams Grain and Provision Co., 10000 10002 9988 9924 9957 Flour, Ice Cream Flour, Jack Frost Flour, Blue Ridge Flour, Hico Best Flour, All Wheat Flour, Hico Best Flour, Cream White Flour, Luxury Flour, Acme Floiu-, Morning Glory Floiu-, Cream of Wheat ....do Flour, All Wheat Flour, Hico Best Flour, Morning Star Flour, Pansy Flour, Acme Flour, Morning Star. Flour, City Belle Charlotte. Gulp & McNeely, Mooresville F. D. Barkley & Co., Gastonia.. Bost & Newton, Hickory M. V. LawTence, Durham H. M. Love & Son, Burlington.. 9956 ....do - ....do 10137 10929 High Point Milling Co., High Point, N. C. do W. J. Fite, Chariotte Johnston Bros., Charlotte— 9923 10134 10130 10127 10124 10123 10115 10110 10109 Harman & DeRondeau, Crimora, Va. High Point Milling Co., High Point, N.C. Hale, J., & Sons, Lyons, Mich ...do Hico Milling Co., Burlington, N.C. -do Holt-Granite Flouring Mills, Haw River, N. C. Harman & DeRondeau, Crimora, Va. do I. A. Burnett & Son, Durham.. Johnston Bros., Charlotte Farmers Supply Co., Charlotte. White-Morrison-Flowe Co., Con- cord. Hepler Bros., Greensboro ....do G. T. McLamb, Greensboro W. H. Turner, Winston-Salem... ....do 9914 9865 Holt-Granite Flouring Mills, Haw River, N. C. Harrisonburg Milling Co., Harri- sonburg, Va. Henderson & Sons Milling Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. Harrisonburg Milling Co., Harri- sonburg, Va. Holt-Granite Flouring Mill Co., Haw River, N. C. do Markham-Stevens Co., Durham. J. W. Pegram, Hamlet «843 «824 9820 10599 Flour, White Star Flour, City Belle Flour, Pick of the Harvest. ....do Dixon & Etheridge, New Bern.. Watson- King Co., Rockingham. Adams Grain and Provision Co., Fayette ville. A. E. Rankin & Co., Fa-yetteville. 10136 Flour, Peerless HoUaday. H. T., Rapidan, Va Harrisonburg Milling Co., Harri- sonburg, Va. Harman & DeRondeau, Crimora, Va. do W. J. Fite, Charlotte 10651 Flour, City Belle Baldwin Gro. Co., Rockingham. 10596 Flour, White Lilly.. L. N. Womble, Pittsboro 10592 Flour, Acme _. Howard Bros., Sanford... 10591 Flour, Pansy .. do... ....do - 10567 9518 Flour, Harters A. No. l... Flovu-, Swan's Down Harters Milling Co. , Toledo, Ohio. Jefferson Milling Co., Charlestown, W. Va. Geo. S. Edwards & Co., Rocky Mount Adams Grain and Provision Co., Charlotte. d The Bulletin 43 TION OF FLOUR— Continued. Nitrous Nitrogen, Milligrams Per Kilo of Flour Remarks and Conclusions 9546 I 9538 9525 9521 10000 None Found. .-do. -do. None found. 10002Trace hNone found- 9924 9957 9956 1013?:.... do. Trace- ....do. ....do. 10929. ...do 9923 None found. 10134Trace 10130 None found. 10127. ...do 10124Trace. 10123-.-do. 10115 lOlloiTrace.. 10109 9914 9865 9843 9824 9820 10599 10136 10651 10596 10592 10591 10567 9518 None found- Trace None found. -.-do Trace— ..do Trace None found- ..--do -do. .do. .do- .do. 0.37 0.40 None found - Flour. do. do. Flour, bleached; sale illegal. Flour. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Floxir, bleached; sale illegal. Flour. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Flour. 44 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA s a 10934 9516 10111 11010 0899 10546 10003 10938 9571 10930 «995 9595 9584 9827 Material and Brand from Label Flour, Velveteen. Flour, Imperial-- Flour, Sun Rise— ....do Flour, Excelsior.. — .do Jefferson Milling Co., Charlestown, Adams Grain and Provision Co., W. Va. Charlotte, N. C. ...-do. Flour, Lily White . Flour, White Loaf. Flour, Majestic Flour, Uncle Sam. Flour, Cream of Wheat.. . Flour, Cream of the Lake ....do Flour, Town Talk. Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis .do. .do. .do. Jenkins, W. S. & Co., Leesburg, Va -do .do. 10102 Flour, Cream of Indiana. . 9869 Flour, Liberty, Self Rising 10687 Flour, Triumph, Self Ris- ing. 9965 Flour, DeSoto 10931 10646 9954 10595 10555 9917 ..do. Flour, GiH Edge. Floiu-, Faultless.. Flour, Waseo. ..do Flour, Sublime- 10133 Flour, Gold Dust 10067 Flour, Sublime 9592 Flour, Gold Du§t 9591 Flour, King of the Valley. 9531 9533 9594 10940 9593 10565 9588 9564 Flovir Flour, Ann Arbor. Flour, Vesta -.._do Flour, Tip Top Flour, Moon Beam. Flour, Vesta. Hutcheson Bros., Reidsville ...do P. A. Reavis & Co., Louisburg.. Littleton Feed and Grocery Co., I Littleton. do P- A. Reavis & Co., Louisburg.. Keedysville Milling Co.. Keedys- J. Flem Johnston, Gastonia ville, Md. Keefletown Milling Co., Keefle- D. A. Page & Co., Gastonia town, Va. i Kno-xville City Mills, Knoxville, Overman & Co., Salisbury Tenn. Kennedy, J. H., Milling Co., Glen- Adams Grain and Provision Co. coe, Minn. ' Charlotte. Landis Milling Co., Landis, N. C..3. P. Mills Co., Mooresville Lake View Milling Co., Chambers- Id. A. Page & Co., Gastonia burg, Va. (Jo J. E. Stoop, Statesville. LawTenceburg Roller Mills, Law- Corbett & Co., Wilmington renceburg, Ind. Jo Madison Gro. Co., Madison Liberty Mills, Nashville, Tenn .M. L. Milliken & Co., Hamlet... do— 'Farmer's Mercantile Co., Selma. (Jo .Houston & Son, Hendersonville. (Jo Adams Grain and Provision Co., Charlotte. Lonas, S. P., Mt. Jackson, Va F. C. Allen & Son, Wadesboro... Lynchburg Milling Co., Lynch- J. W. & D. S. Fuller, Oxford burg, Va. Lyon & Greenleaf, Wauseon, Ohio. L. N. Womble, Pittsboro (Jo Littleton Feed and Grocery Co., Littleton. Manor, J. D., & Co., New Market, J. E. Timberlake, Durham Va. 1 (Jo IFarmers Supply Co., Charlotte. ].(Jo G. C. Lovill & Co., Mt. Airy.... __(Jo .. :D. A. Page & Co., Gastonia ...-do. j do (Fori Messick, A. F., & Co., Char- A. F. Messick & Co., Charlotte.. lotte, N. C. Michigan Milling Co., Ann Arbor, Cochrane & McLaughlin, Char- Mich, lotte. Model Mill Co., Johnson City, D. A. Page & Co., Gastonia Tenn. __(jo J. Flem Johnston, Gastonia ..do do (jo. IMatthews, Weeks & Co., Rocky Mount. do. J. Flem Johnston, Gastonia . Flour, Our Patent..*. IModel Mills, Lexington, N. C R L. Leonard, Lexington. The Bulletin 45 TION OF FhOUR— Continued. >. Laboratoi Number Nitrous Nitrogen, Milligrams Per Kilo of Flour Remarks and Concluaiona 10934 None found Floiir. P51fi ....do do. do. 10111 Trace 11010 None found do. 9899,...do— do. 9880... .do do. 10546 ....do do. 10003,,, .do do. 10938 ....do do. 9571 ....do do. 10930 9995 • ....do do. do. Trace- 9595 None found do. 9584. 9827. -do. -do. 10102Trace 9869' None found. 10687Trace 9965 None found. 10931 Trace 10646 None found. 9954l....do 10595. .. -do- 10555|....do. 9917 Trace- do. do. do. do. Flour, self-rising, label did not show acid ingredient of leavening agent; sale illegal. Flour. do. do. do. do. do. do. 10133. ._. do 10067 None found. 9592, ...do . 9591 ...-do 9531 -...do 9533 9594 10940... 9593-.- 10565 ... 9588-.. 9564 . - . -do -do. -do. -do. -do. -do- -do- do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 46 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA Material and Brand from Label Mantifacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample fo Analysis 9563 Flour, Monarch Model Mills, Lexington, N. C R. L. Leonard, Lexington VV. H. Moffitt, Lexington. Bost & Newton, Hickory. 9562 do.. do 9992 Flour, Gilt Edge.. Morristown Mills, Morristown, I Tenn. 9991 Flour, Morristown Best... do 9921 Flour, Cream of Wheat Mutual Milling and Supply Co., Harrisonburg, Va. 9920 Flour, Southern Beauty... do. 9570 9529 9528 10548 9960 9961 9990 9479 0480 9826 10558 10140 S539 10104 9527 10068 10563 10064 9915 9838 11013 10081 10079 9481 9998 9524 9580 9587 J0121 Flour, Rising Sun Nashville Roller Mills, Nashville, Tenn. do I do Flour, Little Pilgrim | do Flour, Bob White [Nicholas Milling Co., Harriston, Va. Flour, Cal a Lilly New Port Mill Co., New Port, Asheville Grocery Co., Asheville Tenn. .do. Carpenter Bros., Durham. .do. Overman & Co., Salisbury. W. J. Fite, Charlotte ....do Beacom Supply Co., Henderson. -do. Bost & Newton, Hickory. Flour, Daniel Boone. Flour, Cotton Blossom.. do Flour, WarUck's Best Newton Roller Mills, Newton, N. C. Flour, Silver Leaf.. North Wilkesboro Roller Mills, S. V. Tomlinson, North Wilkes- North Wilkesboro, N. C. boro. ..do A.. M. Church & Sons Co., North Wilkesboro. Flour, North Star |Northwestern Elevator and Mill Pearsall & Co., Wilmington Co.. Toledo, Ohio. ' Flour, Mt. Vernon Northwestern Elevator and Mill |P. C. & W. C. Gregory, Weldon.. Co., Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Osceola Roller Mills, Rockingham, Selma Supply Co., Selma N. C. Parks, Alexander, Martinsburg, W. Johnston Bros., Charlotte Va. Flour, Magnolia Page MilUng Co., Luray, Va ;Madison Grocery Co., Madison.. Flour, Acme Parks,. Alexander, Martinsburg, W. Va. Flour, Gold Standard Pearl Roller Mills, Randleman, N. C Flour, White Swan.... Peninsula Milling Co., Flint, Mich.jSpring Hope Gro. Co., Spring 1 Hope. Flour, Osceola. ....do W. J. Fite, Charlotte. G. C. Lovill & Co., Mt. Airy. Flour, Piedmont.. Flour, Carnation. Flotu, Piedmont Flour, Pride of Virginia. ....do... Piedmont Mills, Lynchburg, Va... ..do ..do Flour, Lone Star.. Flour, White Rock. Flour, Supreme Flour, Diamond ... Flour, Piedmont... Flour, Gold Leaf.- Flour, Town Talk. Piedmont Mills, Lynchburg, Va. .. ..do .- .do. .do. -do. .do. Piedmont Mills, Lynchburg, Va... .do. Pioneer Mills, Louisville, Ky. West-HiU Co., Mt. Airy Southern Feed & Gro. Co., Dur- ham. J. T. Ginn, Goldsboro The Patterson Co., Greensboro. S. V. Tomlinson, North Wilke.s- boro. ..-.do ....do .. W. M. Neal Co., Moores^^lle W. J. fite, Charlotte Matheson Grocery Co., States- ville. J. Flem Johnston, Gastonia American Comm. Co., Greens- boro. The Bulletin ^7 TION OP FLOUR — Continued. Nitrons Nitrogen, Milligrams Per Kilo of Flour Remarks and Conclusions 9563 None Found Flour. 9562 .do do. 9992 do . .. do. 9991 do do. 9921 ....do -- do. 9920 do. do. 9570 do do. 9529 ....do - do. 9528 .do.... do. 10548 9960 ...do ....do do. do. 9961 do. 9990 Trace . . do. 9479 9480 None found . do . .. do. do. 9826 ....do do. 10558 . do do. 10140 9539 10104 9527 ...do . ...do do do Flour, offered for sale in short weight packages; sale illegal. Flour. do. do. 10068 ....do do. 10563 10064 ....do do ^ do. do. 9915 do do. 9838 11013 10081 10079 9481 9998 9524 9580 ....do ....do __.. —do- --- -...do -...do .—do .—do . ....do do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 9587 10121 ..do. ..do. do. do. 48 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA ° S Material and Brand from Label 11018 FloiiT. Table Talk.. 10593 Flour, White Swan. 9517 9585 Flour, Purity Flour, Proctor's Best- Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Pioneer Mills, Louisville, Ky .American Comm. Co., Greens- boro. Port Republic Milling Co., Port Sanford Grocery Co., Sanford.. Republic, Va. do JAdams Grain and Provision Co., Charlotte. Proctor, C. C, & Son, Front Royal, Va. 9966 Flour, Pinnacle Read, J. S., Morristown, Tenn, 9867 Flour, Blue Ribbon.... F. D. Barkley & Co., Gastonia. Houston & Son, Hendersonville. 10684 ....do 11017 Flour, Producer 10561 Flour, Upper Crust. 10562 Flour, Uncle Sam... The Richard.s-Evans Co., Cort- R. B. Terry & Co., Hamlet land, Ohio. ..do 10653 Flour, Upper Crust.. 10686 ....do 9839 ....do 9850 Flour, Uncle Sam 9573 Flour, Purity 9572 Flour, Baker's Straight.... 10118 Flour, Sleepy Eye Cream. 9823 Flour, Magnolia 10126 Flour, Golden Leaf 10132 Flour, Elegant 9542Flour, Magnolia 986liFlour, Clover Leaf Planters Trading Co., Laurin- burg. Russell-Miller Milling Co., Minne- Scott-Spargor Co., Greensboro.. apolis, Minn. Saginaw Milling Co., Saginaw, Littleton Feed and Grocery Co., Mich. I Littleton. do [Spring Hope Gro. Co., Spring Hope. do T. L. Mcllae, Rockingham do Selma Supply Co., Selma Salisbury Milling Co., Salisbury.. ..do Sleepy Eye Flour Mills Co., Sleepy Eye, Minn. Slickell, D. A., & Son, Hagerstown, Md. ..do 9856 Flour, Roller King.. 99591 Flour, Mayflower 10470j Flour, Blue Ribbon. 987liFlour, Stock's Best.. 9590 Flour, Rose Bud 10001 'Flour, Stock's Patent 9589|Flour, Diadem 9545iFlour, Crown 9553 9554 9579 9582 Flour, Bright Loaf Flour, Economy Flour, Morrison's Beat Flour, Cupid .do. .do. M. J. Best & Sons, Goldsboro.... Pearsall & Co., Wilmington Overman & Co., Salisbury. ..do. Scott-Sparger Co., Greensboro.. A. W. Porter, Rockingham .do. .do- Smith, J. Allen & Co., Knoxville, Tenn. ...do ...do Southern Milling Co., Asheboro, N. C. Stock, F. W. & Sons, Hillsdale, Mich. ...do. ...do. ...do. Southside Roller Mills, Winston- Salem, N. C. ....do Sprinkle, J. P., & Son, Louisville, Ky. Star Milling Co., Statesville, N. C. Statesville Flour Mill Co., States- ville, N. C. White-Flo we-Morrison Co., Con- cord. Farmers Supply Co., Charlotte.. Chas. Moody Co., Charlotte Hardison Co., Wadesboro Leak & Marshall, Wadesboro O. L. Erwin, Brevard Spencer Grocery Co., Asheboro. Weldon Grocery Co., Weldon... D. A. Page & Co., Gastonia -.--do -..-do J. G. Messick, Winston-Salem Farmers Stock Co., Winston-Sa- lem. ...do... Matheson Grocery Co., States- ville. J. E. Stoop, Statesville The Bulletin 49 TION OP FhOHR— Continued. Nitrous Nitrogen, Milligrams Per Kilo of Flour Remarks and Conclusions 11018 None found 10593 ..._do 9517 ....do 9585 ....do 9966.. --do 9867. ...do 10684 _.._do 11017 -...do 10561 ....do 10562 ....do 10653. ...do 10686. ...do. 9839 ....do 9950 -.-.do 9573 -...do 9572 ....do 10118 Trace 9823 None found 10126. ...do 10132. ...do 9542 ---.do 9861 ....do -- 9856 -..do 9959. ...do 10470 -..-do 9871 -...do 9590.— do -. 10001 ....do 9589 ---.do 9545. ...do 9553 --..do. 9554. ...do 9579 ....do. 9582 -...do Flour. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do', do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 50 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA ^1 2 a Material and Brand from Label 9997 Flour, Cupid. 9986 Flour, Monitor 10650 Flour, Snow Bird. Statesville Flour Mill Co., States- W. M. Neal Co., Mooresville ville, N. C. ..do -.do — -- 9821 Flour, Southern Queen. 9987 Flour, Palace . 10114 Flour, Nosoca. 9581 Flour. Palace . 9578iFlour, Snow Bird. 9486 Flour, Prince ..- 9485 Flour, Southern Queen. 9484 Flour, Gold Dust 10936 Flour, Gold Dust 10601 Flour, Southern Queen. 10937 Flour, 9483 Flour, 9878Flour, Cyclone... White Lily Standard.. Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis .do. ..do. .do. Statesville Flour Mill Co., States- ville, N. C. ..do -.- .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. -do. 10550 Flour, Silver Leaf 10069 Flour, 10119 Flour, 10077 Flour, 10076 Flour, 9482 Flour, 984i;FIour, 10682 Flour, 10122Flour, I 10108 Flour, 10074Flour, 10073 Flour, 9851 Flour, 10932 Flour, Snow Flake Lone Star... Nellie King Stevens City Milling Co., Stevens City, Va. Strausburg Flouring Mill, Straus- burg, Va. ....do : Strickler, Jno. E., Timberville, Va Tennessee Mill Co., Estill Springs, Tenn. Split Silk do- — Nellie King ! do Capitol Thoman Milling Co., Lansing,Mich Moss Rose do Champion Triplett, J. I., Woodstock, Va Woodstock do - -- Champion do - virgima ao... Woodstock do... -- Perfection Union Roller Mills, Franklin, Ind.. 10681 Flour, Dainty Valier & Spies Milling Co., Marine, ! i lu. Gaston & Tate, Marion Baldwin Grocery Co., Rocking- ham. Adams Grain and Provision Co., Fayetteville. Bost & Newton, Hickory G. T. McLamb, Greensboro Matheson Grocery Co., States- ville. Peeler Grain and Provision Co., Salisbury. |C. Call, North Wilkesboro ' Vaughn-Hemphill Co., North Wilkesboro. ....do F. D. Barkley & Co., Gastonia.- Adams Grain and Provision Co., Fayetteville. F. D. Barkley & Co., Gastonia.. C. Call, North Wilkesboro Eugene Johnson, Littleton jBeacom Supply Co., Henderson. i Mt. Airy Feed Co., Mt. Airy Scott-Sparger Co., Greensboro.. S. V. Tomlinson, North Wilkes- boro. ...do.. - do New Bern Fruit Co., New Bern. J. W. Carter, Maxton American Comm. Co., Greens- boro. City Grocery Co., Madison W. B. Hay more, Mt. Airy ...do. Snyder-Huntley Co., Monroe .4.dams Grain and Prov. Co., Charlotte. J. W. Carter, Maxton... 9822 9828 9829 ...-do ....do Flour, Daisy. 9866 Flour, Princess Anne. .do. -do. -do. .do. Virginia-Maryland Milling Associ- j ation, Norfolk, Va. 9515 Flour, Roller Champion -. Valley City Milling Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. Veach, J. M., & Co., Adairsville, Ga. -...do - -- — jCorbett & Co., Wilmington- .-.do. J. W. Pegram, Hamlet 9982 9981 Flour, Elberta..- Flour Veach's Highest . Adams Grain and Provision Co., Charlotte. Owenby-Wofford Co., Murphy... .do- The Bulletin 51 TION OF FhO\]R— Continued. S S 9997 9986 10650 9821 9987 10114 9581 9578 9486 9485 Nitrous Nitrogen, Milligrams Per Kilo of Flour None found. ..do- ..do_ -do. Remarks and Conclusions .-..do Trace None found- ....do ....do. ...-do. None found. ....do- 9484 Trace. 10936 10601 10937 9483 ....do. ....do. ....do- ....do- ....do. ....do. Trace.. 10550 10069 10119 10077 10076 9482 9841 10682 10122 10108 10074 10073 9851 : 10932;Trace. None found. ....do .- ...-do ....do _ ...-do Trace None found. —-do _ --.-do 10681 None found- I 98221-.. -do 9828i do 9829 Trace 9866 None found. 95151. ...do. 9982'. ...do 9981 1.... do. Flour. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 52 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA 5*- Material and Brand from Label 9512 Flour, White Frost. Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Voigt Milling Co., Grand Rapids, Adams Grain and Provision Co., Mich. Charlotte. do Hall & Pearsall, Wilmington .do- Mills, Winston-Salem, --.do The Worth Co., -.--do :-- G. C. Welch, Mt 10072 Flour, Pride of Reidsville. Wilmington Airy- Mt. Airy -- Co., Winston- 9846 Flour, Calla Lily .... 9844 Flour, Voigt's Royal 9836 Flour, Our Patent j....do 9835 Flour, Queen 1 do 10071 Flour, Pride of Salem Wachovia I N. C. 1 100631. -..do - -..-.-.do — - , West-Hill Co 10062 Flour, Pond Lily -' do 1 do 9552 Flour, Pride of Salem |..--do — -.JFarmer's Stock I I ! Salem. Walker, J. H., & Co., Reidsville, \G. C. Welch, Mt. Airy N. C. 10070 Flour, Farmers' Choice -..do 11011 do ' do --- Hutchinson Bros., Reidsville... 9540 do do Johnston Bros., Charlotte . Waggoner-Gates Milling Co., Inde- pendence, Mo. . Washburn-Crosby Milling Co., Louisville, Ky. do Adams Grain and Provision Co., Fayette ville. 9848'-. ..do I-.. .do 1010lL---do - .-.-do -do. 10770 Flour- 9845 Flour, Parisian 10602 Flour, Gold Medal Mustin-Robertson Co., Asheville- Hall & Pearsall, Wilmington 10099 Flour, Snow Drop- do. 9514 Flour, Gold Medal -...do. I I , 9557 Flour, Snow Drop do. 9550 do. .do. Hall & Pearsall, Wilmington Norman-Moir-Dalton Co., Win- ston-Salem. -—do - Adams Grain and Provision Co., Charlotte. Farmers Trade House, Winston- Salem. Norman-Moir-Dalton Co., Wins- Salem. Watson-Higgins Milling Co., Grand R. E. Pipkin, Goldsboro Rapids, Mich. Watson, W. A., & Co., Greensboro, jG. T. Lamb, Greensboro --. N. C. 11012 ----do- ---- -do -- 9537 Flour, Melrose White Star Mills, Staunton, Va. 9860 ---do I — -do - 10648 Flour, Imperial : do 10645 Flour, Regal -do 9840 Flour, Perfection. 10116 Flour, Star- 10646 Flour, Melrose 10643 -..-do 9523 Flour, Mekose 10131 --.-do-— 9857 Flour, Imperial-. - 9847 Flour, Perfection. 10935 Flour, Globe The Patterson Co., Greensboro. . Davidson & Wolfe, Charlotte J. D. Home, Wadesboro Leak & Marshall, Wadesboro F. C. Allen & Son, Wadesboro.. Hardison Co., Wadesboro Standard Supply Co., Albemarle Rhyne Bros., Charlotte.. Farmers Supply Co., Charlotte.. do- - iLeak & Marshall, Wadesboro Williams Bros. Co., Kent, Ohio |Ha]l & Pearsall, Wilmington Willow Grove Milling Co., Luray, Charles Moody Co., Charlotte.. Va. i -do. -do- -do- -do. The Bulletin 53 TION OP FLOUR — Continued. I. Il Nitrous Nitrogen, Milligrams Per Kilo of Flour Remarks and Conclusions 9512 None found Flour. 9846 9844 Trace None found - - do. do. 9836 9835 Trace None found do. do. 10071 ....do do. 10063 do do. 10062 do - do. 9552 ....do do. 10072 ....do.. do. 10070 do do. 11011 ....do do. 9540 Trace . .. do. 10770 None found . do. 9845 ....do do. 10602 do do. 9848 ....do_ do. 10101 do do. 10099 do do. 9514 do do. 9557 ... do . do. 9550 do do. 9840 Trace do. 10116 11012 0.30 Trace Flour, slightly bleached. Flour 9537 None found... do. 9860 do.. . do. 10648 do do. 10645 do do. 10647 ...do do. 10643 ..do- do. 9523 do do. 10131 do do. 9857 do do. 9847 do do. 10935 .-.do-- do. 1 54 The Bulletin HONEY. STANDARDS FOR HONEY. "Honey is the nectar and saccharine exudations of plants gathered, modified, and stored in the comb by honey bees ; is laevorotary, contains not more than 25 per cent of water, not more than 0.25 per cent of ash, and not more than 8 per cent of cane sugar." Twenty-one samples of honey and substitutes for same were examined RESULTS OF THE ° s ■S3 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler 10705 10703 9760 9754 9756 9757 107001 9759| 10255' 10444 10662 9758 10704 10659 10089 10432 9751 9753! 9752J 9766 10702 Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Corn Syrup and Honey Atlas Preserving Co., Baltimore, Md. do --- do -- --- do do --- Honey, Deanbrook Dean & Mowrey, Asheville, N. C;.. Honey Field & Dick, Knoxville, Tenn do --- ' do --- do.. Harmon, C. W., Asheville. N. C...J do... - do do... iMcCaul, Jas. M., & Son, New York, do Mills, Tom, Harrison Creek, N. C do Ritter, Philip J. Conserve Co., I Philadelphia, Pa. do Shestain-Davis-Vestall Co., Knox- 1 ville, Tenn. Honey, My Maryland, Van Lill, S. J. Co., Baltimore, Md.. Compound. Honey Weber, C. H. W., Cincinnati, O ....do - --- - ....do.. ....do ....do -- ....do - ..-.do ....do Vernon Grocery Co., Winston- Salem. Vogler & Hege, Waughtown J. E. Webb, Shelby- Dean & Mowrey, Asheville W. G. Sparks, Murphy R. H. Hyatt, Murphy J. D. Boone, Waynesville Cox & Kilpatrick, Brevard H. R. McCleeny, Goldsboro J. G. Kuhlken, Wilmington Barnes Grocery Co., Raleigh J. W. Nelson, Marshall E. P. Heitman, Winston-Salem _. J. A. Finch, Raleigh D. C. Aldridge, Greensboro J. H. Brunjes, Wilmington Cash Grocery Co., Statesville J. P. Phifer, Lenoir... ....do J. M. Reavis, Crutchfield S. W. Sanders, Wilmington ICE CREAM AND ICE CEEAM SUBSTITUTES. STANDARDS FOE ICE CEEAM. Ice cream is a frozen product made from cream and sugar, with or without a natural flavoring, and contains not less than 14 per cent of milk fat. Fruit ice cream is a frozen product made from cream, sugar and sound, clean, mature fruits, and contains not less than 12 per cent of milk fat. Nut ice cream is a frozen product made from cream, sugar and sound nonrancid nuts, and contains not less than 12 per cent of milk fat. Many products, such as eggs, gelatine, etc., are used in the manufac- ture of so-called ice cream, which is often very palatable, but which is not ice cream, and if sold as such is a violation of the law. The Bulletin 55 during the past year, four of which were misbranded. Three of the four samples misbranded were branded "corn sirup and honey," but con- tained practically no honey. One of them was branded compound honey, but proved to be glucose or corn sirup containing a very small amount of honey. The label in each case was misleading, indicating more honey present than was actually there. They were, therefore, mis- branded and their sale illegal. EXAMINATION OF HONEY. Laboratory- Number Test for Commercial Invert Sugar Polarization 25°C., Direct, °V. Polarization ?5°C., Invert, °V. OPh Sucrose (Clerget)- Per Cent Remarks and Conclusions 10705 Negative... 159.0 156.0 89.5 2.26 Glucose or corn sirup probably containing a small amount of honey, misbranded; sale illegal. 10703 Positive.. .- 153.2 152.0 86.9 0.90 do. 9760 Negative... 146.0 130.4 76.68 11.76 do. 9754 do —20.0 —25.2 3.92 Honey. 9756 do -17.0 -21.0 3.17 do. 9757— -do —12.0 —19.2 5.27 do. 10700 ----do —18.0 —22.0 3.01 do. 9759. ...do —19.6 —24.0 3.33 do. 10255 —15.2 —24.0 6.63 do. 10444 Negative... —12.4 —18.0 4.22 Honey; product should have been labeled. 10662 ....do —18.0 —23.0 3.77 Honey. 9758 ....do _ -11.8 —14.0 1.66 do. 10704 ....do 126.0 124.8 71.5 0.90 Glucose containing a small amount of honey; not erly labeled; misbranded; sale illegal. prop- 10659 ....do —15.0 —20.0 3.77 Honey. 10089 ....do —17.5 —22.0 3.45 do. 10432 ....do —15.0 —20.0 3.77 Honey; product should be labeled. 9751 .—do —16.0 —20.0 3.07 do. 9753 ....do. —18.0 —23.2 3.92 do. 9752 ..-.do —13.0 —19.2 4.67 do. 9766 —9.6 —13.2 —17.2 —18.0 5.73 3.92 do. Honey; product should have been labeled. 10702 Negative .. For the past three consecutive years the Department has examined the ice creams and substitutes for the same offered for sale in the State. The results of the examination, with the standards for ice cream, have been published and sent to the dealers of the State. The standard for ice cream is high, as the standard for all pure food products should be. The Department, realizing that the standard 14 per cent milk fat is high and that many dealers would desire to sell and many consumers desire to obtain cheaper products than a standard ice cream, the Board of Agriculture made a regulation under which any product, not deleterious to health, can be legally sold in the State. The regulation merely pro- vides that if the dealer will make known by placard or label the kind of product offered for sale by him that the Department will not contest the sale. 56 The Bulletin KEGULATION ON SALE OF ICE CREAM SUBSTITUTES. The sale of a product as ice cream containing gelatine, eggs, gum tragacantli or other vegetable gums, or the sale of a product as ice cream which contains less than the required per cent of milk fat will not be contested, provided the same is labeled and sold as imitation ice cream, compound ice cream, gelatine ice cream, egg ice cream, milk ice cream or gum ice cream (as the case may be) ; or if a placard bearing; the following statement — "Imitation ice cream is served here." "Compound ice cream is served here." "Egg ice cream is served here," "Gelatine ice cream is served here." "Milk ice cream is served here," or "Gum ice cream is served here," (as the case may be), shall be posted in a conspicuous place in the room where any and all persons may see the same when purchasing cream; and, provided, further, that the statement on the placard is printed in plain black letters, not less than one inch in size, on a white background. Notwithstanding the ice cream standards and the above regulation have been sent to the dealers of the State three separate times, and each time the dealers warned that violations of the law will be prosecuted, many of them continue to violate the law by selling very inferior products as ice cream. RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF ICE 5^ 10834 10775 10774 10714 10712 10711 10710 10708 10709 10794 Material and Brand from Label Ice Cream Ice Cream, Vanilla. .do. Ice Cream, Compound. Ice Cream, Vanilla Ice Cream. ....do Ice Cream, Vanilla. Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Annex Pharmacy, Waynesville, Annex Pharmacy, Waynesville N. C. Arctic Ice Cream Co., Greensboro, Still Drug Co., Greensboro N. C. ....do. - Arctic Ice & Coal Co., Greensboro, N. C. ....do. ....do ...do Fordham's Drug Co., Greensboro McUhenny's Drug Co., Greens- boro. Conyers Drug Co., Greensboro.. Grissom Drug Co., Greensboro... Ice Cream, Vanilla Asbell's Drug Store, Winston- jAsbell's Drug Store, Winston- -do. Ice Cream, Compound do. Smith Ice Cream Co., Greensboro Arctic Ice & Coal Co., Greensboro -...do -- Salem, N. C. Ice Cream, Fruit, Comp... Betts Ice Cream Co., Raleigh, N. C 10640lce Cream, Compound, do Chocolate. Ice Cream, Sherry |Brantley, J. C, Rabigh, N. C...'.. do I do - do do... 10999Ice Cream, Peach. _..' do llOOOiIce Cream, Vanilla 1 do... 10641 10636 10998 10583 Salem. Betts Ice Cream Co., Raleigh ....do J. C. Brantley, Raleigh. -.__do .--_do -..-do .-.-do- The Bulletin 57 During the past year 89 samples of ice cream and ice cream substi- tutes have been examined, 43, or 48.31 per cent, of which were sold in violation of the law. Many other samples examined proved to be below standard, but the dealer had placards up as provided for by regulation showing that the product offered for sale was not ice cream, but a substi- tute for the same. If one wishes to buy an inferior product, he has a right to do so and the Department has no dbjection to the sale, provided the dealer makes known to the purchaser what he is getting for his money. On the other hand, if the purchaser wishes a good product and pays the price of same, he has a right to get what he pays for. The milk fat in the samples examined ranged from 0.55 per cent to 23.69 per cent. It appears in many cases that the almost worthless products were sold for about the same price as the highest class ones. That is not fair competition, to say nothing of the consumer's interest. These products were all sold as ice cream. It appears from the report of the press that some manufacturers are using oleomargarine, beef fat, cotton seed oil and other fats in combina- tion with milk or skim milk, instead of the actual milk and cream in the manufacture of ice cream. The results of the examination of sam- ples herein reported do not show the presence of any fat other than milk fat. However, it is deemed advisable to call the attention of ice cream dealers to the fact that the use of any fat other than natural milk fat in the manufacture of ice cream would be regarded as adulteration and in violation of the food law. CREAM AND ICE CREAM SUBSTITUTES. 1083411.02 1 10775 10.39 Remarks and Conclusions Ice cream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal, do. 10774 10.52 Ice cream, vanilla. 10714 13.05 Ice cream, slightly below standard; sold as compound. 10712 23.69 Ice cream. 10711 11.08 Ice cream, below standard; sale illegal. 10710 15.77 Ice cream. 1070817.11 Ice cream, vanilla. 10709 14. 63 1 Ice cream. 10794 10641 10640 10636 10998 10583 10999 11000 7.33 Ice cream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. 2.86 Ice cream, compound, fruit; sign up; sale legal. 4.25 Ice cream, compound, chocolate; sign up; sale legal. i 13.53 Ice cream, slightly below standard. 13. 24 Ice cieam, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. 10.781 do. 12.40 Ice cream, peach. 12.63 Ice cream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. 58 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OP ICE 10582 10581 10994 10995 10997 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Ice Cream, Vanilla.- California Fruit Store, Raleigh, N.C. Ice Cream, Tutti Frutti-..; do Ice Cream, Chocolate do --- Ic« Cream, Vanilla do --_ Ice Cream, Tutti-PVutti do - - Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis California Fruit Store, Raleigh.. . Moser Bros., Winston-Sale m. Cooke's Pharmacy, Tarboro. do ..do ..do ..do - -. ..do 109G6Ice Cream, Peach ' do.. ..i do... 10743ilce Cream Candy Kitchen, Rocky Mount, Candy Kitchen, Rocky Mount. N.C. 10790 Ice Cream, Vanilla.. Carolina Cold Storage and Ice Co., '. Winston-Salem, N. C. 10736 Ice Cream, Caromel Cooke's Pharmacy, Tarboro, N. C. * 10737 Ice Cream, Chocolate do 10742 Ice Cream.. CulUfer, J. D., Rocky Mount, N. C.T. C. McCall, Rocky Mount.... 10786 Ice Cream, Lemon Davis, C. L., Winston-Salem, N. C.iC. L. Davis, Winston-Salem... 9559 Ice Cream, Pineapple Dughi Ice Cream Co., Raleigh, Dughi Ice Cream Co., Raleigh. N.C. Ice Cream, Vanilla Farris Klutz Drug Co., Greensboro, N.C. Ice Cream, Compound, Va-Betts Ice Cream Co., Raleigh, N. C. ' nilla. 10585 Ice Cream, Vanilla George, Alexander, Raleigh, N. C. . 10771 do Greensboro Drug Co., Greensboro, Greensboro Drug Co., Greens- N. C. ; boro. 10580'Ice Cream, Strawberry.... Hicks, H. T., Drug Co., Raleigh, H. T. Hicks, Drug Co., Raleigh. N. C. I 10986 Ice Cream, Vanilla do do. - 10776 9560 Farris Klutz Drug Co., Greens- boro. Bett's Ice Cream Co., Raleigh Alexander George, Raleigh -do. Imperial Pharmacy, Goldsboro.. King-Crowell Drug Co., Raleigh . 10987 Ice Cream, Chocolate do 10630 Ice Cream llOOljIce Cream, Vanilla King-Crowell Drug Co., Raleigh, 1 ^ N. C. 11002 Ice Cream, Chocolate do do 10985 do.. Love's Drug Store, Raleigh. 10779 Ice Cream, Vanilla Maness & Saunders Greensboio, Maness & Co., Greensboro N.C. 10713|Ice Cream, Compound Maness & Co., Greensboro, N. C do - --- 10798 Ice Cream, Vanilla Marmosa, Charles, Salisbury, N. C. - 10799 Ice Cream, Peach ; do ].-. 10783 do Nemer, .A, Winston-Salem. N. C.iA. Nemer, Winston-Salem 10795 Ice Cream, Vanilla.. Olympia Candy Co., Salisbury, Olympia Candy Co., Salisbury .. I I N.C. 10796 Ice Cream, Chocolate do do 10793 Ice Cream, Vanilla Owens Drug Co., Winston-Salem, Owens Drug Co., Winston-Salem. N. C. I Ice Cream, Chocolate Patterson Drug Co., Wilson, N. C.iPatterson Drug Co., Wilson 10738 10802. ...do 10800 Ice Cream, Vanilla. 10772 Ice Cream, "Velvet," ' Strawberry. 10773|Ice Cream, "Velvet" 10734 Ice Cream, Chocolate — .. 10801 Ice Cream, "Velvet," Va- I nilla. Plummer, James, Salisbury, N. C. James Plummer, Salisbury Plyler & Harwood, Salisbury, N.C. Purity Ice Cream Co., Richmond, Va. ...do Plyler & Harwood, Salisbury Howard Gardner, Greensboro ...do do Edgecombe Pharmacy, Tarboro. ...do [The People's Drug Store, Salis- I bury. The Bulletin 59 CREAM AND ICE CREAM SUBSTITUTES— Confinued. 2^ ° S \ ^ C 10582:14.57 Remark and Conclusions Ice cream, vanilla. 10581 16.65,Ice cream, tutti frutti. 10994 23.42 Ice cream, chocolate. 10995 20.89 Ice cream, vanilla. 10997 16.14 Ice cream, tutti frutti. Ice cream, peach. Ice cream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. do. do. do. do. do. do. 10996 18.27 10743, 6.11 10790 4.00 10736 5.25 10737 5.29 10742 6.48 10786! 1.37 9559 7.38 10776; 9.07 956o| 5.14 10585 3.87 10771 9.35 10580 9.53 10986 14.00 Ice cream, vanilla. 10987 16.89jlce cream, chocolate. 10630l 7.62jlce cream, below standard; sale as ice cream illegal. 11001il6.50 Ice cream, vanilla 11002 16.17 Ice cream, chocolate. 10985] 8.84 Ice cream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. 10779! 4.36 Ice cream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. 10713 7.74 Ice cream, compound; no sign, but sold as compound. 10798 5.72 Ice cream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. 10799 5.08 do. 107831 2.56 do. 10797,16.81 Ice cream, vanilla. 10796 16.74 Ice cream, chocolate. 10793 9.82 Ice cream, below standard; sign up; sale legal. do. Ice cream, below standard; sign up; sale legal. Imitation ice cream; no sign; sale illegal. Ice cream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. do. 10738 10802 10800 10772 10773 10734 10801 11.71 Icecream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. 7.45 do. 2.97 do. 8.31 Icecream. (On sign, "pure ice cream"); sale illegal. 10.14 do. 3.56 Compound ice cream; no sign; sale illegal. 10.35 Ice cream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. 60 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OP ICE sa 10992 10993 10587 10740 10739 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Ice Cream, Peach- Purity Ice Cream Co., Richmond, L. H. Robertson, Raleigh. Va. Ice Cream, Vanilla- do .do. .do. .do- .do- Roberts & Buss, Wilson Saleeby Kandy Kitchen, Wilson. do..- JRoberts & Buss, Wilson, N. C. Ice Cream, Gelatine ^Saleeby Kandy Ivitchen, Wilson, j N. C. ! 10733!. ---do ISaleeby, M., Co., Tarboro, N. C.-. M. Saleeby Co., Tarboro - 10797 Ice Cream, Vanilla Saleeby Candy Co., Salisbury, N. C Saleeby Candy Co., Salisbury 10787] do - jSallock, K., Winston Salem, N. C. K. Sallock, Winston-Salem 10788jlce Cream, Chocolate do do - 10789[Ice Cream, Strawberry i do j do... - 10744|Ice Cream, Egg- iShepherd Ice Cream Co., Rich- Kyser Drug Co., Rocky Mount.. mond, Va. ■ 10735Ice Cieam, Vanilla | do -- -... Staton & Zoeller, Tarboro -.. 10784 do jThompson, P. A., Winston-Salem P. A. Thompson, Winston-Salem. 10785Ice Cream, Walnut -j do do. 1079lllce Cream, Compound ,'Tice, W. C, Winston-Salem, N. C. Strawberry. 10741 Ice Cream Turlington & Moore, Wilson, N. C. Turlington & Moore, Wilson. 10586 Ice Cream, Strawberry Wake Drug Co., Raleigh, N. C Wake Drug Co., Raleigh 10988 Ice Cream, Peach I do.. --- do- 10989 Ice Cream. Vanilla.-- 1 do 10990 lee Cream, Chocolate do W. C. Tice, Winston-Salem- 10991 Ice Cream, Walnut Bisc. 10543 Ice Cream'.. 10542 Ice Cream, Strawberry*. .do. Waverly Ice Cream Co., Durham 10541ilce Cream, Vanilla*. do. 10777 Ice Cream, Compound, Vanilla. 10778 Ice Cream, Strawberry 10715 Ice Cream, Compound 10639 Ice Cream, Compound, Pineapple. Ice Cream, Compound, Vanilla. Ice Cream, Strawberry Ice Cream, Vanilla Ice Cream, Compound, I Chocolate. 10984 Ice Cream, Compound, I Strawberry. 10638 10637 10588 10983 West's Ice Cream Co., Greensboro, N. C. ...do --- West, J. H., Greensboro, N. C White Ice Cream Co., Raleigh, N. C .---do ---- --- — Warren, W. A., Durham -do -.-- ..do West's Ice Cream Co., Greensboro -do. -do- .do- _do- .do. -do. -do- -do- J. H. West, Greensboro-- White Ice Cream Co., Raleigh.. .-.do J. E. Hamlin & Co., Raleigh Love's Drug Store, Raleigh White Ice Cream Co., Raleigh -do. *Sample sent to the Department for analysis. LEMOJf EXTRACTS AND LEMO?f EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES. Lemon extract is the flavoring extract prepared from oil of lemon, or from lemon peel, or both, and contains not less than 5 per cent by volume of oil of lemon. Oil of lemon is the volatile oil obtained from the fresh peel of the lemon. By reference to the table below it will be seen that 64 samples of lemon extract and lemon extract substitutes were examined under the food law during the past year, 30 of which, or 46.87 per cent, were adul- terated or misbranded. The results of the examination are surprising, The Bulletin CREAM AND ICE CREAM SUBSTITUTES— ConimMed. 61 ° s 10992 7.62 Remarks and Conclusions Ice cream, below standard; sale illegal. 10993 11.45 do. 1058710. 09| do. 10740! 2.58 Ice cream, imitation; no sign; sale illegal. 10739 2.55 Ice cream, gelatine; sign up; sale legal. 10733 10797 10787 10788 10789 6.12 Ice cream, gelatine; sign up but not according to regulation; sale illegal. 9.69 Ice cream, below standard; sign up; sale legal. 1.10 Ice cream, adulterated, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. 0.55 do. 1.03 do. 107441 9.41 Ice cream, egg, below standard; sign up; sale legal. 10735 11.14 Ice cream, below standard; no sign; sale illegal. 10784 10.40 Ice cream, below standard; sign up; sale legal. 10785! 6.03 do. 10791 3.22 Ice cream, compound; sold as compound; sale legal. 10741 14.09 Ice cream. 10586 13.21 Ice cream, strawberry, artificia'.ly colored. 10988 15.36 Ice cream, peach. 10989 18.79 Ice cream, vanilla. 10990 16.21 Ice cream, chocolate. 10991 15.04 Ice cream, nut. 10543 8.54 Ice cream, below standard; artificially colored. 10542 8.59 Ice cream, below standard.' 10541 U.64 Ice cream, vanilla. 107771 9.89 Ice cream, below standard; sign up; sale legal. 10778!l2.41 Ice cream, strawberry. 10715! 12. 02 Ice cream, compound. 10639 3.93 Ice cream, compound, sign up; sale legal. 10638 4.44 do. IO639] 4.69 Ice cream, below standard; misrepresented; was sold as strawberry ice cream; sale illegal. 10588| 6.73|Ice cream, vanilla; below standard; sale illegal. 4.63jlce cream, chocolate; below standard; sign up; sale legal. 10983 lOfiS-l 3.97 Ice cream, strawberry; below standard; sign up; sale legal. especially as the subject was investigated last year and the results of the examination of a large number of samples published and sent to the manufacturers and dealers of the State. The dealers having been in- formed through the last annual report in regard to what constitutes a lemon extract, the sale of illegal samples should have been materidly reduced. A lemon extract containing less than 5 per cent of lemon oil is below standard, and is under the law adulterated. Compound and imita- tion lemon extracts can be legally sold if properly labeled, showing what they are. The attention of dealers is again called to the fact that the sale of adulterated and misbranded extracts will be prosecuted. 62 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SS 9730 9717 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis G. W. Sparks Murphy. Lemon Extract, Lockett's. Bristol Drug and Gum Co., Bris- tol, Tenn.-Va. Extract Lemon Burwell & Dunn Co., Charlotte, Cash Grocery, Statesville. N.C. 1 9719 ....do - I ..do - - 9740 -...do L...do -■ 10907 Extract Lemon, Terpenless do -- 10920|Lemon Extract, Brame's.. Brame Drug Co., North Wilkes- boro, N. C. 10921 Harrison & Co., Lenoir Plunk Bros. Co., Kings Mountain Stamey Bros., Fallston Smithey's Cheap Store, North Wilkesboro. .do. .do. C. D. Lenderman, North Wilkes- boro. 9728 Lemon Extract, Crown Chapman Drug Co., Knoxville, R. H. Sneed, Murphy Tenn. | 9742 Lemon Extract, Mammy's Christian Bros. & Co., Richmond, |Newton Grocery Co., Newton... Va. 9724 Lemon Extract, Hoyt's... Cumberland Mfg. Co., Nashville.. I Tenn. 10272 Imitation Lemon Flavor, Clotworthy Chemical Co., Balti- ! Elk. more, Md. E. C Jarrett, Asheville W. H. Burke Sons, LaG range. 10914 Lemon Extract, Crest DePew, E. D. & Co., New York, A. P. Grizzard, Winston-Salem... N. Y. 9720 Lemon Extract DeVault, C. W., Asheville, N. C... Stradley & Luther, Asheville. 10945 Lemon Extract, Diewald's do... 9721 Lemon Flavor, Cherokee.. Englehardt, A., & Sons Co., Loxiis- ville, Ky. lOSSOiExtract Lemon and Citral Fonerden, C. A., Baltimore, Md.... C. W. DeVault, Asheville. HoUar & Co., Asheville... Pure Food Store, Hertford... J. O. Everett Co., Plymouth. Sherrill & Reece, Statesville .. 10406tLemon Extract, Golden Four, The Co., Norfolk, Va Horse Shoe. 9716lLemon Extract, Com- Franklin Extract Co., New York, ! i pound. Royal Palm. N. Y. 10145 Lemon Extract, No. 10 Gilbert Bros. & Co., Baltimore, Md. W. P. Adams, Morehead City Household. 10249 Lemon Extract IColdsboro Drug Co., Goldsboro, 1 N. C. 10236 Imitation Lemon Extract do lOgOSLemon Extract, Blue Rib- Greever-Lotspeich Co., Knoxville, i bon. Tenn. 9739 Lemon Extract, Hance's. . Hance, R. A., Philadelphia, Pa ( 9507 Extract Lemon Hand, W. L., & Co., Charlotte, N. C ' J. B. Watson, Goldsboro F. E. Barnes, Goldsboro O. F. Pearce, Greensboro G. G. Hyder, Hendersonville.. W. L. Hand & Co., Charlotte. 10904'Lemon Extract, Heekin's. Heekin Spice Co., Cincinnati, O.-.-jJ. R. Gumming, Winston-Salem. i ' 10906 Extract Lemon, Hite's Hite, S. P., Roanoke, Va Sam Watkins, Reidsville. .- 10905 do - do ...lE. M. Townes, Reidsville 9725 Lemon Extract, Imperial.. Imperial Chemical Co., Johnson |e. P. Martin, Waynesville City, Tenn. 9727 ....do -.-.do - 9731JDilute Lemon Flavor, Knoxville Drug Co., Knoxville, Lowe's. Tenn. 9901 Lemon Flavor, Red Dia- do I mond. D. K. Collins, Bryson R. H. Hyatt & Co., Murphy. .do. The Bulletin 63 LEMON AND LEMON EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES. ° s 9730 9717 c„ S I o 03O >-i^i;£ 4.80 4.70 97191 4.70 9740; 4.80 10907iNone.-. 10920lNone— 1092i:Nono-.. 9728 5.40 9742 1.60 H O 1 5^ ;2 So Oj CD r1 «« o 5.00 4.94 4.81 5.00 None. None. None. 9724 102721 None- 10914 9720' 6.40 5.31 1.53 6.56 None. 4.70 2.20 10945 9721 10380; 10406' 9716 10145 10249 10236 10908 1.90 Trace 2.90 4.40 Trace 4.70 5.20 None 4.75' Trace 9739 9507iTrace 10.60 4.90 10904 10906 10905 9725 1.50 5.40 5.20 Trace 9727; Trace .. 9731 i 2.80 9901 3.80 3.00i 1 4.59' 0.13 4.68 5.00 0.12 10.93 5.00 0.31 1.31 5.62 5.18 Trace . Trace - 2.97 3.75 74.9 72.9 73.4 72.4 (bO +3 o 1.4753 1.4741 1.4744 1.4738 O 0.8286 74.9 1.4753 73.41 1.4744 71.0 1.4729 74.9 74.1 1.4753 1.4747 73.4! 1.4744 72.0! 1.4735 73. O; 1.4741 70.0; 1.4723 72.0 1.4735 72.41 1.4738 72.5 72.0 70.0 74.4 74.1 1.4738 1.4735 1.4723 0.87224 0.94005 0.82500 0.82602 0.96285 0.82309 0.91681 0.86458 0.83157 0.82692 0.94138 0.81962 0.82219 a O O OJ Remarks and Conclusions 91.69lLemon extract. Lemon extract, very slightly below stand- ard. Lemon extract, slightly below standard. ] Lemon extract. 76.87|lmitation lemon extract. 47.10 Imitation lemon extract; misbranded; sale illegal, do. Lemon extract. Lemon extract, much below standard; sale illegal. 92.36 Lemon extract. 92.66 58.43 32.38 Imitation lemon extract. Label claims 0.75 per cent, oil lemon. No oil found; misbranded; sale illegal. 93.00 Lemon extract, slightly below standard. Lemon extract, below standard; adulter- ated and misbranded; sale illegal, do. Imitation lemon extract, misbranded; sale illegal. Dilute extract lemon and citrate misbrand- ed; sale illegal. Lemon extract, below standard; sale illegal. Imitation lemon extract, the label of which is deceptive; misbranded; sale illegal. Lemon extract, below standard; adulter- ated and misbranded; sale illegal. Lemon extract. 79.68 90.75 92.06 46.14 94.10 93.47 0.88918' 70.30 0.84407 1.4750 1.4747 0.84690 86.90 85.91 Imitation lemon extract. Extract lemon; extra strength. Lemon extract. Imitation lemon extract; label claims 5.00% lemon oil, but contains only a trace; misbranded; sale illegal. Lemon extract, below standard; adultera- ated and misbranded; sale illegal. Lemon extract, do. Imitation lemon extract; adulterated and misbranded; sale illegal, do. Extract of lemon, below standard; sale illegal. Lemon extract, below standard; adulter- ated and misbranded; sale illegal. 64 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF LEMON "S 9, 10061 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Lemon Extract, Red Dia- mond. 10922 Lemon Extract, Nabob.... 9746 Lemon Flavor 10281 Imitation Lemon Flavor, Delta. 10913 Lemon Extract Knoxville Drug Co., Knoxville, Tenn. Leggett, Francis H., New York, N. Y. Marsh, M. L., Concord, N. C Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Newton Tea & Spice Co., Cincin- nati, O. Norman-Perry Drug Co., Winston- Salem. 10911 do Owen Drug Co., Winston-Salem, N. C. 9741 do Piedmont Drug Co., Kings Moun- I tain, N. C. 10910 Lemon Extract, Best by Sampson Medicine Co., Winston- Test. Salem, N. C. ..do R. H. Hyatt & Co., Murphy.... Walters Bros., North-Wilkesboro. W. J. Glass, Concord--- T. B. Hollaway, Kinston O. F. Brown, Winston-Salem 10912. ...do. 9732 Essence of Lemon 9722 Extract of Lemon 9726 Lemon Extract do 9729,Lemon Extract do Sanford-Chamberlain-.'Vlbers Co., Knoxville. Tenn. Smith, T. C. Dr., Asheville, N. C. 9733, Lemon Flavor. 9735 9734 lycmon Extract. .do. .do. C. E. Knouse & Co., Winston- Salem. Kings Mountain Grocery Co., Kings Mountain. J. P. Charles, Winston-Salem Myers Grocery Co., Winston- Salem. Dickey-Davis & Dickey Co., Murphy. Southside Grocery, Asheville D. K. Collins, Bryson. Jno. E. Fain, Murphy. W. W. Ashe, .\ndrew3 T. M. Mitchell, Brevard. Lemon Flavor do. 10335 Lemon Extract, Standard. Standard Drug Co., Elizabeth City 10347 10369 10379 Essence Lemon, Standard ..do. ..do- .do. .do. -do. 9887 10918 10919 10652 Imitation Lemon Flavor.. Suffolk Drug and Extract Co., Suf- folk, Va. Lemon Extract Surry Drug Co., Elkin, N. C. .do. Lemon Extract, Our Seal.. 10909 ....do. 10915 .do. 9718. Lemon Extract, Eagle... ...-do ....do ....do Lemon Extract, Webb's. Lemon Extract, Pilot 9723 9737 9743 9738 10916 10917 Padgett & Nelson, Andrews F. G. Terrell, Belhaven. U. W. Tarkington, Belhaven M. A. Hughes, Edenton Pure Food Store, Hertford Youngsville Bottling Works, Youngs\-ille. Elkin Grocery Co., Elkin ....do |W. W. Whitaker, Elkin Vaughn-Crutchfield Co., Winston- |E. L. McRae, Rockingham Salem, N. C. do Vogler & Hege, Waughtown do.. Farmers Trade House, Winston- Salem. LawTence-Cline Co., Hickory. E. C. Jarrett, Asheville Cox & Ivilpatrick, Brevard A. P. Higgins, Shelby ...do. Webb Mfg. Co., NashviUe, Tenn... ...do ....do .-..do do.. Cox & Kilpatrick, Brevard Winston Drug Co., Winston-Salem, iFarmers Stock Co., Winston- N. C. Salem. do Angelo Bros., Winston-Salem The Bulletin 65 AND LEMON EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES— Confinwed. Oil of Lemon by Precipita- tion—Per Cent by Volume Oil of Lemon by Polariza- tion— Per Cent by Volume 1,0 Specifio Gravity, is.e'C. Alcohol, (by Volume)— Per Cent Remarks and Conclusions 10061 3.80 4.00 0.84648 80.96 Lemon extract, below standard; adulter- ated and misbranded; sale illegal. 10922 5.40 5.62: 73.0 1.4741 0.83364 90.10 Lemon extract. 9746 1.20 1.30 74.4 1.4750 I/cmon extract, much below standard; sale illegal. 10281 None None 0.96572 29.87 Imitation lemon extract: is labeled oil lemon 1J^%; contains no oil lemon; mis- . branded; sale illegal. 10913 4.90 4.87 73.0 1.4741 0.85723 82.47 Lemon extract, slightly below standard. 10911 4.40 4.37 73.0 1.4741 0.86461 79.65 Lemon extract, little below standard; sale illegal. 9741 ' 8 nn 8.13 72.4 1.4738 Lemon extract, extra strength. 10910 3.80 3.75 74.0 1.4747 0.86090 81.04 Lemon extract, below standard; adul- i terated and misbranded; sale illegal. 10912' 3.80 3.75 72.0 1.4735; 0.86102 81.00 do. 9732 5.25 5.31 74.9 1.4753: 0.83352 90.14 Lemon extract. 9722 1.10 0.94 Lemon extract, below standard; sale illegal. 9726 Trace Trace Imitation lemon extract; misbranded; sale illeged. 9729 0.70 5.60 0.63 5.63 do 9733 73.4 1.4744 Lemon extract. 9735 0.90 0.94 i Lemon extract, much below standard; sale illegal. 9734 Trace .... 5.20 Trace Imitation lemon extract; sale illegal. 10335 5.00 74.5 1.4750 0.84034 88.70 Lemon extract. 10347 5.00 4.78 72.0 1.4735 0.83761 88.88 do. 10369 4.80 4.78 70.0 1.4723 0.82586 92.40 Lemon extract, slightly below standard. 10379 5.20 5.60 73.4 1.4744 0.83364 90.11 Lemon extract. 9887 Trace .... 4.80 Trace Imitation lemon flavor. 10918 4.93 72.0 1.4735 0.82380 93.00 Extract lemon, slightly below standard; does not show name of manufacturer; sale illegal. 10919 4.90 4.84 72.0 1.4735 Lemon extract, slightly below standard. 10652 5.80 5.93 70.0 1.4723 0.82904 91.45 Lemon extract. 10909 5.80 5.93 72.0 1.4735 0.82290 93.33 do. 10915 5.40 5.61 72.0 1.4735 do. 9718 5.20 5.31 72.4 1.4738 0.83352 90.14 do. 9722 5.30 5.31 74.4 1.4750 do. Q737 5.20 5.31 74.4 1.4750 do. •71 Oi Q743 5.10 5.25 72.4 1.4738 do. 9738 5.20 5.31 74.4 1.4750 0.83101 90.88 do. 10916 3.20 1 3.18 72.0 1.4735 j 0.87612 75.41 Lemon extract, below standard; adulter- ated and misbranded; sale illegal. 10917 5.20 5.31 72.0 1.4735 Lemon extract. 66 The Bulletin MAPLE SIEUP AND MAPLE SIKUP SUBSTITUTES. Sirup is the sound product made by purifying and evaporating the juice of a sugar-producing plant without removing any of the sugar. Maple sirup is sirup made by the evaporation of maple sap or by the solution of maple concrete, and contains not more than 32.00 per cent of water and not less than 0.45 per cent of maple sirup ash. The principal adulteration found in maple sirup is the addition of refiner's sugar sirup, the maple sirup present being depended on to flavor the whole, though the maple flavor is often reinforced by the addition of an extract of bark or an imitation flavor. Before the food laws were enforced maple sirups were adulterated with glucose sirup and the imi- RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MAPLE >> I. ^1 10305 9778 9777 10191 10533 10674 10293 10370 10230 10274 10352 10629 10661 10213 10292 10447 10395 10691 Material and Brand from Label Maple and Cane Sirup... Maple Sugar Sirup, Ohio. May Pole Sirup Manufacttirer or Wholesaler American Preserve Co., Philadel- phia, Pa. ...-do — Rock Candy and Maple Sirup, Barker's. Maple and Cane Sugar Sirup, Standard. Cane and Maple Sirup, Hirsch's. Cane and Maple Sirup — Sirup, Gold Leaf -. L. S. Grant, New Bern... S. A. Ingle, AsheviUe AmericanSirup and Preserving Co., E. C. Johnson, Hickory- Nashville, Tenn. Barker, J. H., & Co., New York, Hobbs & Russ, Warsaw N. Y. do - Sternberger Bros., Wilmington. Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis James F. Parrott, Kinston Maple Sirup- Maplewood Sap Sirup Sirup, Sugar and Maple, Golden Tree. Hirsch Bros., & Co., Louisville, Rudy & Buffaloe, Raleigh. Ky. Hortoa-Cato Co., Cincinnati, O.- Huntington Maple Sirup and Sugar V. D. Jones, Edenton Co., Providence, R. I. I Hyman Pickle Co., Louisville, Ky.jW. L. Summerlin, Goldsboro..- Manierre Yoe Co., Chicago, 111 New England Sirup Co., Boston, Mass. Floyd Barwick, LaGrange. J. D. Traylor, Edsnton Cane and Maple Sirup, Oelerich & Berry Co.. Chicago, III.. Spencer & Co., Kinston Old Manse. | Maple Sirup, Colonial Rigney & Co., Brooklyn, N. Y... Rock Candy and Maple do Sirup, Park. Towle's Log Cabin Sirup, Maple and Cane. Maple Sirup, Towle's Ver- mont Maid. Maple Sirup.- - Maple Sirup. Barnes Grocery Co., Raleigh.. - Farmers Mercantile Co., Selma. Towle Maple Products Co., St. Johnsbury, Vt. -.-.do -- Vermont Refining Co., Montpelier, Vermont. Welch Bros. & Co., Burlington, Vermont. James F. Parrott, Kinston M. J. Schulken, Wilmington T. W. Williams, Elizabeth City. H. J. Johnson, Raleigh... The Bulletin 67 tation flavor, but as maple sirup consists largely of sucrose or ordinary sugar, the presence of added cane sugar is more difficult to detect than the presence of glucose sirup. However, the addition of cane sugar sirup can be detected by the determination of minor constituents which occur in maple products only. Only 22 samples of these products were examined, 16 of which were either adulterated or misbranded, or both. The manufacturers of these products often use labels that, while not in open violation of the law, are easily misleading to the unsuspecting consumer. Such labels are regarded as misbranded. A label must tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth. See the table below. SIRUPS AND COMPOUND MAPLE SIRUPS. .boratory imber I wg ■30 soluble rCent luble rCent ad Number inton's) go"" IS 4> ■ crose, lerget)— r Cent Remarks and Conclusions J^ O i) 1(2 o © E-(S s<& o TO o ^^ ^Q> (£^.> 10305 67.20 32.80 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.05 57.7 —20.0 58.57 1 Sirup containing small amount maple sirup; misbranded; sale illegal. 9778 64.68 35.32 0.04 0.00 36.4 —20.0 42.5 Sirup, contains no maple sirup; mis- branded; sale illegal. 9777 64.46 35.54 0.01 0.00 51.0 —21.2 54.35 do. 10191 65.50 34.50 0.10 0.07 0.03 0.06 54.1 —18.0 54.37 Rock candy sirup containing a small amount of maple sirup; misbranded; sale illegal. 10533 67.10 32.90 0.21 0.09 0.12 0.49 56.5 —19.4 57.21 Compound maple and cane sirup. 10674 68.70 31.30 0.15 0.02 0.13 0.13 62.4 —20.0 62.11 Sirup containing small amount maple sirup; misbranded; sale illegal. 10293 66.40; 33.60 0.16 0.04 0.12 0.13 35.0 —16.0 38.44 do. 10370 65.15 34.85 0.03 0.03 0.04 36.0 —17.0 39.95 do. 10230 71.12 28.88 0.17 0.03 0.14 0.04 —3.7 —18.0 10.78 Invert sugar sirup containing small amount maple sirup; misbranded; sale illegal. 10274 68.00 32.00 0.54 0.16 0.38 1.34 56.0 —20.0 57.28 Maple sirup. 10352 69.60 30.04 0.18 0.06 0.12 0.23 61.7 —20.0 61.58 Sirup containing small amount maple sirup; label misleading as to amounts of each; sale illegal. 10629 66.40 33.60 0.16 0.05 0.11 0.26 63.1 —20.8 63.24 do. 11661 65.80 34.20 0.45 0.14 0.31 1.30 55.5 —20.0 56.91 Maple sirup. 10213 65.15 34.85 0.14 0.06 0.08 0.03 58.3 —20.0 59.02 Rock candy sirup containing a small amount maple sirup; misbranded; sale illegal. 10292 66.10 33.90 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.09 55.7 —16.8 56.00 Sirup containing small amount maple sirup; misbranded; sale illegal. 10447 67.50 32.50 0.34 0.10 0.24 1.15 62.5 —21.6 63.32 Maple sirup, misbranded; contains cane sirup; sale illegal. 10395 66.69 33.31 0.09 0.24 0.34 0.26 76.9 60.0 12.74 Glucose, (35.66%) containing maple sir- up; misbranded; sale illegal. 10691 66.30 33.70 0.65 0.17 0.48 1.12 51.5 -20.0 53.89 Maple sirup. 68 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OP MAPLE H 10692 9897 9776 9896 Material and Brand from Label Maple and Cane Sirup Maple Sirup. Maple Sirup. Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Welch Bros. & Co., Burlington, H. J. Johnson, Raleigh Vermont. do do. Dugue & Co., New Orleans, La Cane and Maple Sirup, Bunker Hill. Price & Lucas Co., Louisville, Ky.. Bost & Newton, Hickory. Jno. E. Fain, Murphy MILK AND CBEAM. Milk is the fresh, clean, lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milk- ing of one or more healthy cow's properly fed and kept, excluding that obtained within fifteen days before and ten days after calving, and con- tains not less than eight and one-half (8.5) per cent of solids not fat, and not less than three and one-quarter (3.25) per cent of milk fat. Blended milk is milk modified in its composition so as to have a definite and stated percentage of one or more of its constituents. Skim-milk is milk from which a part or all of the cream has been RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION Laboratory Number Material and Brand Manufacturer or Wholesaler from Label Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis 10598 innqs Cream Privette, A. A., Wilson, N. C ...do. - - ---- Patterson Drug Co , Wilson R. T. Mills, Raleigh... 10619 Milk - S. M. Wilson, East Durham 10618 .do - - ...do.. 10617 ...do ...do 10616 do ....do 10097 do R. T. Mills, Raleigh.... 10620 do S. M. Wilson, East Durham 1 MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLES. Under this head is reported the results of a few samples, which were sent to the Department for analysis. Being only a few of each kind, for The Bulletin 69 SIRUPS AND COMPOUND MAPLE SIRUPS— Continued. I •30 Water— Per Cent Total Ash— Per Cent Insoluble Ash- Per Cent Soluble Ash— Per Cent .0 a? ■§1 Polarization, Direct, 20° C, •V. Polarization Invert, 20''C, Sucrose, (Clerget)— Per Cent Remarks and Conclusions 10692 67.42 32.58 0.11 0.02 0.09 0.29 45.9 —20.0 49.67 Sirup containing maple sirup; label misleading; sale illegal. 9897 66.26 33.74 0.46 1.22 59.5 -20.4 60.33 Maple sirup. 9776 67.24 32.68 0.06 0.00 66.0 -22.0 66.33 Sirup, contains no maple sirup branded; sale illegal. mis- 9896 62.61 37.39 0.23 0.42 58.6 —18.0 57. 751 Compound sirup, cane and maple. removed, and contains not less than nine and one-quarter (9.25) per cent of milk solids. Cream is that portion of milk, rich in milk surface of milk on standing, or is separated force, is fresh and clean, and contains not less cent of milk fat. Eight samples were examined, two of cream were sent to the Department for analysis and no ing their composition. The results of the ana table below. fat, which rises to the from it by centrifugal than eighteen (18) per and six of milk. They claim was made regard- lysis are printed in the OF MILK AND CREAM. 2x1 s a Remarks and Conclusions 10598] 17. 00 Cream below standard, should contain not less than 18. 00% butter fat. 10098 22. 00 Cream. 10619 2. 70 Milk below standard. 106181 4. 60 Milk. 106171 1. 20 Milk, below standard. 10616 1.80 do. 10097 5.20jMilk. 10620 4. 20 Milk. convenience they are grouped under the head of "Miscellaneous Sam- ples" and the results are published in the table following: 70 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION a C3 CM •St Uh I— I 0 ^o o, o O a; feu §-§ 1 Remarks and Conclusions 10609 10357 10365 10011 10431 10007 9797 10185 10285 10265 10197 10025 9808 10513 10464 76.8 104.8 99.2 40.0 123.4 42.2 141.4 46.0 69.2 103.4 42.4 83.6 77.0 —14.0 109.2 —16.0 134.0 —12.1 25.63 15.96 16.73 40.70 10.70 43.87 5.58 43.79 Statement in regard to corn sirup 26.4 32.27 27.64;Cane sirup and glucose or corn sirup. ] present misleading; sale illegal. 50.76Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup; mis- represented by dealer; he sold it as molasses; sale illegal. 47.12 A compound of glucose or corn sirup and molasses. Misrepresented by dealer; he sold it as molasses; sale illegal. Molasses. 64.40 Glucose or corn sirup and cane sirup. Label indicates equal parts of each which is misleading as there is more corn sirup than cane sirup. Sale illegal. Cane sirup. Corn sirup flavored with cane sirup, misbranded; sale illegal. 82.1 41.0—17.8 36.0 118.4 141.0 121.4 —5.3 94.4 137.0 99.2 16.05 43.34 31.04 77.61 21.10 49.91 Molasses. Sirup containing corn sirup. Glucose or corn sirup and cane sirup, labeled corn and cane sirup, dealer sold it as sirup. Sirup is made from the juice of a sugar producing plant; sale illegal. Molasses, do. 18.09 57.33 Glucose or corn sirup containing molasses. 10463 10460 10170 10263 j 10288! 105341 10389 10326 10333 10031 10038 10027 9796 10026 10348 10611 119.0 99.2 119.0 101.8 39.6 40.0 35.6 44.4 —15.6 —15.4 —17.2 —17.4 35. 2| —8. 128.21 109.6 113.2 158.0 28.8 103.0 84.7 148.0 -13.2 88.0 107.6 74.2 138.4 130.8 76.0 48.8 142.0 137.2 78.85'Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup; misrep- resented by dealer; sale illegal. 59.81 Glucose or corn sirup containing molasses, misrepresented by dealer; he sold it as molasses; sale illegal. 59.43'Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of molasses. 64.89 Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup; misrep- resented by dealer; sold as molasses; sale illegal. Molasses, do. do. do. do. 65.24iCorn sirup or glucose containing a small amount of molasses; sold by I dealer as molasses; misrepresented; sale illegal. 52.41 Compound glucose or corn sirup and molasses. 85.98 Glucose or corn sirup, containing a small amount of cane sirup. It was labeled "Table Sirup." Sirup is made from the juice of a sugar pro- I ducing plant; sale illegal. Molasses. 52.50 Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup; sold by I dealer as molasses; sale illegal. 47.08 Compound corn sirup or glucose, cane sirup and molasses. Sold by dealer as molasses; misrepresented by him. Corn sirup being in excess it should be the first word in the name on label. Sale illegal. 75.82Glucose or corn sirup with cane flavor. Presence of sulphur dioxide should be stated in larger letters; sale illegal. Compound glucose or corn sirup and cane sirup. Contains more corn sirup than represented on label; misbranded; sale illegal. 3,61 79.02 Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of sirup. 3.01 16.73 14.93 5.43 41.61 41.76 39.80 46.58 33.16 14.02 21.48 7.53 31.05 11.30 25.16 5.72 20.53 30.52 78 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MOLASSE 2^ 10658 10655 10193 10275 10042 10043 Material and Brand from Label Molasses — .do Molasses, No. 1- Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Marsh, Geo. & Co., Raleigh, N. CiT. A. Branham, Raleigh. do— E. H. King, Raleigh. McNair & Pearsall, Wilrnington, IL. P. Best, Warsaw N. C I Molasses, Porto Rico. 9806 Molasses 10035!. ...do. 10328 Cane Sirup, Cracker.. 10615 Corn and Cane Sirup. 10013|Molasses, Alligator.... 10165 9793 Molasses. Corn Sirup and Molasses, Moneymaker. W. A. Jamison, Charlotte. Sirup, Compound jMewborn, T. W., & Co., Kinston, T. W. Mewborn & Co., Kinston.. N. C. Molasses, New Orleans Morrow Grocery Co., Charlotte, N. C. ..do do -. ..do S. M. Burdell, Charlotte do S. B. McLauchlin, Charlotte. New Orleans Coffee Co., New Orleans, La. ....do New Bern Fruit Co., New Bern, N. C. Penick & Ford, New Orleans, La... Jno. E. Fain, Murphy. J. E. Adams, Washington. G. T. Powell, Raleigh Southside Grocery, Asheville. O. G. Bell, Morehead City.... 10009 Molasses, Aunt Dinah do [E. C. Johnson, Hickory 9798 Corn Sirup and Molasses, do McDaniel, Roberts Co., Kings j Penford. 10364 [Compound Sirup. 10452 Molasses and Corn Sirup, Lauderdale 10021 Breakfast Sirup, Velva... Molasses, Orla Molasses, West India. 10020 10161 10162 Compound Corn and Cane j Sirup. 10421 Molasses, Porto Rico. Mountain, .do.. W. S. White, Edenton. ...do. ...do. .do. D. T. Toler, Wilmington. Jno. E. Fain, Murphy .do. 10233 10158 10660 Pugh & Brooks, New Bern, N. C... R. T. Willis, Morehead City do do Pugh & Brooks, New Bern, N. C... Dawson & Sewell, Jacksonville.. Molasses ..Pipkin, R. E., Goldsboro, N. C W. R. Crow, Goldsboro do Pugh & Brooks, New Bern, N. C.'C. A. Clawson, Beaufort do Saunders, E. A. Sons Co., Rich- Barnes Grocery Co., Raleigh. mond, Va. 10046 Molasses, Ponce Porto do Rico, J. S. 10378 Molasses I Sawyer-Stevens Co., Norfolk, Va... 10212 Sirup. 10467 Sirup. 10241 10273 10528 Table Sirup, Golden Crown. M. C. Walter Co., Concord J. Broughton & Bro., Hertford. Saunders, E. A., Sons Co., Rich- jSelma Supply Co., Selma mond, Va. Seeman Bros., New York, N. Y. . Stewart, Knatz & Co., Baltimore, Md. Table Sirup.. do E. H. Holmes, Wilmington. H. Williams, Goldsboro •iW. H. Burke & Sons, LaGrange.. Sorghum and Corn Sirup, Red Label. Southern Syrup Co., Montgomery, W. E. Merrell, Asheville. Ala. I The Bulletin 79 AND SIRUPS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAME— Continued. >> ^i §P I a. &6 1. IS 03 V h 03 icose, ache's )-Per Remarks and Conclusions •^ ^ *-4 f~, • — > . OJH Ih -' QJ ^ £5o> PHhHO 3Q CD odi 10658 35.2 —15.2 37.91 Molasses, not labeled; sale illegal. 10655 34.6 —12.0 36.63 do. 10193 42.8 —12.8 42.96 Molasses. 10275 129.8 121.0 6.63 70.38 Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup. Label indicates equal parts of each; sale illegal. 10042 47.8 —13.2 45.98 Molasses. 10043 43.0 —16.3 44.70 do. 9806 40.0 —22.0 46.73 do. 10035 46.4 —9.7 42.28 do. 10328 48.2 —16.0 48.39 Cane sirup. 10615 100.0 80.0 15.07 48.53 Glucose or corn sirup containing cane sirup. 10013 40.0 —14.0 40.70 Molasses, not properly, labeled; presence of sulphvir dioxide should be printed in larger letters; sale illegal. 10165 104.0 84.8 14.53 51.10 Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of molasses; sold by dealer as molasses; misrepresented; sale illegal. 9793 50.4 4.0 34.98 8.80 Molasses containing a small amount of glucose or corn sirup. Presence of sulphur dioxide stated in small letters and not as plainly as required; 1 sale illegal. 10009 40.0 —5.3 34.14 do. 9798 126.0 113.2 9.64 66.49 Corn sirup or glucose flavored with molasses. Although not a flagrant violation the label does not comply with the law. 10364 104.0 85.6 13.87 51.50 Corn sirup or glucose containing a small amount of cane sirup. Label indicates equal parts of each; misbranded; sale illegal. 10452 100.0 78.4 16.27 47.84 Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of molasses. Label indicates equal parts of each; misbranded; sale illegal. 10021 55.2 —18.0 55.17 Cane sirup, not properly labeled. Presence of sulphur dioxide not properly stated; sale illegal. 1 020 40.4 —16.2 42.66 Molasses. 10161 114.6 100.0 11.00 59.20 Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup. Mis- represented by dealer who sold as molasses; sale illegal. 10162 136.0 128.0 5.42 74.88 do. 10421 104.01 78.3 19.37 48.36 Glucose or corn sirup containing molasses. Dealer sold product as Porto Rico molasses; misrepresented; sale illegal. 10233 38.0 -12.4 37.99 Molasses. 10158 37.0 —16.0 40.25 do. 10660 39.0 —16.4 41.75 do. 10046 10378 42.4 —17.1 44.84 do. 91.2 66.0 18.99 42.26 Glucose or corn sirup and molasses; misrepresented by dealer; sold as molasses; sale illegal. 10212 140.6 127.8 9.64 74.83 Glucose or corn sirup containing small amount of cane sirup; misrepre- sented by dealer; he sold same as cane sirup; sale illegal. 10467 99.8 74.1 19.37 45.95 Compound of glucose or corn sirup and cane sirup; misrepresented by (»•. dealer; sold as sirup; sale illegal. 10241 149.8 137.2 8.74 80.60 Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup; mis- branded. Label indicates equal parts of each. It is not a blend; sale illegal. 10273 138.0 120.4 13.26 65.56 Glucose or corn sirup and cane sirup. Label indicates equal part3 of each; misbranded; sale illegal. 10528 90.8 69.2 16.27 42.02 Glucose or corn sirup containing cane sirup. 80 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MOLASSES ^ 9. 10014 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Cane and Corn Sirup, Peacock. Southern Syrup Co., Montgomery, Ala. 9805 Georgia Cane Sirup do 9787 10529 10226 Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Price's Grocery, Asheville . J. N. Dellinger, Shelby Lawrence-Clinc Co., Hickory . Cane and Corn Sirup, Pea- do --- cock. Compound Corn and Cane.. --do.. 1 Dodd Meat Co., Asheville Sirup, Melrose. Molasses, Crown Stewart, Knatz & Co., Balti- Md. J. G. Dorr, Goldsboro- 10439 Sirup Stevenson, J. C, Wilmington, N. C. 10456 Sirup, Gayco... do -- - 9809 Cane and Corn Sirup Stokes-Grimes Grocery Co., Rich- mond, Va. 10302jTable Sirup, Penn Marr.-.Stronmeyer, J., & Co., Philadel- I 1 phia. Pa. j 9803 Georgia Cane Sirup - J- L. Suttle, Shelby City Grocery Co., Wilmington. D. H. & E. B. Bryan, Wilmington J. E. Smith & Bro., Concord H. C. Armstrong, New Bern. 10198 Molasses Taylor, J. A., Wilmington, N. C- Martin & Price Co., Mt. Olive 10670 Sirup, Crystal White Torbitt & Castleman, Louisville, Julius Heller, Raleigh Ky. 10152 Corn Sirup, Cane Flavor, Union Starch and Refining Co., M. R. Springle, Beaufort Union. t Edinburg, Md. 10443'Corn and Cane Sirup, VoUers, H. L., Wilmington, N. C. Geo. H. Heyer, Wilmington- Velva. 10178 Sirup, Compound do. 10320 Sirup. Stelzes & Co., Wilmington. Weatherly, W. H., Elizabeth City, !d. M. Carter, Washington N. C. 9795 Cane Sirup, Uniform Wilder, D. R., Atlanta, Ga W. M. Guill, Hendersonville - 10033 ...-do ' do -- --- W. B. Palmer & Son, Shelby 9794Cane and Corn Sirup, |....do - JS. Maxwell & Co., Hendersonville Bonita. j 10388 Sirup - --- ;.\ydlett Bros. Co., Elizabeth City 10362 do ' Branning Mfg. Co., Edenton 10169 Sirup, Georgia Cane 1-..- W. M. Edwards, Wilmington 10200 Molasses- 10034 Molasses, Porto Rico- 9802 Georgia Cane Sirup-. 10295|Molasses. 10433,Sirup.... 10028,Molasses. 10261 Sirup. 10612 Georgia Cane Sirup. |C. Fanelty, Mt. Olive.. Major Hopper, Shelby. ..do Peoples Supply Co., Wilmington S. W. Sanders, Wilmington L H. Stradley, Gastonia W. R. Thompson, Goldsboro. J. E. Williams, Kinston. The Bulletin 81 AND SIRUPS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAME— Continued. ° s Oo OhQS Oo Phi— «o 10014 9805 9787 10529 10226 10439 10456 9809 10302 10803 10198 10670 10152 100. 110.0 107.0 109.2 33.6 146.4 148.0 136.4 28. 145.0 46.8 144.0 143.8 10443 93.6 10178 10320 129.4 130.6 Sl3 o iu PjhQ 3 « c8 97951 44.6 10033' 39.0 9794 83.6 10388| 42.0 10362 39.2 10169 146.0 IO2OO1 44.0 10034, 38.4 9802 71.0 10295 10433 10028 10261 10612 42.0 111.0 65.6 90.0 74.4 87.6 -14.1 140.0 140.8 124.8 -18.0 142.0 —8.8 134.8 140.0 58.0 111.1 114.0 -23.2 —16.4 38.8 -11.0 —8.8 144.0 -12.0 -12.3 31.2 -17.0 85.6 33.6 117.2 134.0 26.53 15.08 24.58 16.27 36.01 4.83 5.43 8.74 35.27 2.26 41.91 6.93 2 26.83 13.79 12.51 51.11 42.76 33.77 39.95 36.17 1.50 42.21 38.22 30.00 44.47 19.14 41.98 54.24 47.20 53.10 80.97 81.4 72.94 Remarks and Conclusions Glucose or corn sirup and cane sirup. The corn sirup being in excesa should come first in the name and occupy the more prominent place on label. Glucose or corn sirup containing cane sirup. Misrepresented by dealer; he sold it as Georgia cane sirup; sale was illegal. Glucose or corn sirup and cane sirup. The corn sirup being in excess should occupy the more prominent part in the name on the label. Glucose or corn sirup, containing cane sirup. Molasses. Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup. Mi«- represented by dealer; sold as cane sirup; sale illegal. Glucose or corn sirup, flavored with cane sirup, do. Cane sirup. 81.54 Glucose or corn sirup with cane flavor; misrepresented by dealer; sold aa Georgia cane sirup; sale illegal. Molasses. 78. 32, Glucose or corn sirup, containing very small amount of cane sirup; mis- branded. Is branded crystal white sirup. It is not a true sirup but a substitute for sirup; sale illegal. Glucose or corn sirup flavored with cane sirup. —9.7 96. 130. 80.53 38.15 66.06 67.48 28.48 82.57 32.60 15.37 2.41 23.42 52.49 58.17 75.19' Glucose or corn sirup and cane sirup. Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup, not enough to be regarded as a compound; misrepresented by dealer; sale illegal. Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup; mis- represented by dealer; sold as sirup; sale illegal. Cane sirup, do. Cane sirup and glucose or corn sirup. Sirup. Sirup, slightly fermented while in laboratory before examination. Glucose or corn sirup flavored with cane sirup; misrepresented by dealer; sold as Georgia cane sirup; sale illegal. Molasses, do. Compound glucose or corn sirup and cane sirup; misrepresented by dealer; sold as Georgia cane sirup; sale illegal. Molasses. Compound of glucose or corn sirup and cane sirup; misrepresented by dealer; sold as sirup. Sirup is made from the juice of a sugar pro- plant; sale illegal. Molasses. Corn sirup or glucose and cane sirup; misrepresented by dealer; sold as sirup; sale illegal. Glucose or corn sirup containing a small amount of cane sirup; misrep- . resented by dealer; sold as Georgia cane sirup; sale illegal. I 82 The Bulletin ORANGE EXTRACT AND ORANGE EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES. Orange extract is the flavoring extract prepared from oil of orange, or from orange peel, or both, and contains not less than 5 per cent by- volume of oil of orange. Oil of orange is the volatile oil obtained from the fresh peel of the orange. RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF ORANGE 9736 Material and Brand from Label Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Orange Extract - Carhart & Bro., New York, N. Y. England's Store, Brevard. 10898 Orange Extract, Hite's Hite, S. P. Co., Roanoke, Va ;W. W. Thomas, Mt. Airy 9744 Orange Extract Kendall Drug Co., Shelby, N. C- T. B. Washburn, Shelby 9745 do -- Marsh, M. L., Concord, N. C W. J. Glass, Concord 10899 Orange Extract, Best by Sampson Medicine Co., Winston- J. P. Charles, Winston-Salem Test. Salem, N. C. I Imitation Orange Flavor.. Suffolk Drug and Extract Co., Suf- Youngsville Bottling Works, 1 folk, Va. ! Youngsville. CANNED PEAS. The State Food Law provides that a food product shall be deemed to be adulterated : If it be mixed, colored, powdered, coated, or stained in a manner whereby damage or infirmity is concealed, or if it contains any added poisonous or other added deleterious ingredient which may render such article injurious to health. It is and has been quite a prac- tice among packers to green or artificially color canned vegetables w^th copper salts. The question of whether the greening of vegetables for human food with copper salts constitutes a violation of the JSTational Food Law was referred by the Secretary of Agriculture to the Eeferee Board of Con- sulting Scientific Experts in March of 1909. After an exhaustive inves- tigation of the subject the "Eeferee Board" reports to the Secretary as follows : ''Copper salts used in the greening of vegetables may have the effect of concealing infirmity in as much as the bright green color imparted to the vegetable simulates a state of freshness they. may not have possessed before treatment. The Bulletin 83 Under the head of Orange Extracts six samples were examined, four of which were adulterated or misbranded, one was a standard extract, and one was sold as an imitation. The sale of an orange extract con- taining less than 5 per cent of orange oil is a violation of the law. If properly branded so as to show that the product is a compound or an imitation extract it can be legally sold. EXTRACTS AND ORANGE EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES. Remarka and Conclusions , Imitation orange extract; adulterated and misbranded; sale illegal. 10898 5.40 ---, Extract orange. 9744 1.90 1.85 I lOrange extract, below standard; sale illegal. 9745 None iNone Imitation orange extract, misbranded; sale illegal. 10899i O.60I .92314 55.53 do. None -limitation orange flavor. "It appears from our investigation that, in certain directions, even such small quantities of copper may have a deleterious action and must be considered injurious to health." As the use in food of an ingredient which may render the latter inju- rious to health is a violation of the State Food Law, and as the Referee Board of Scientific Experts have said in their report that even small quantities of copper may have a deleterious action and must be considered injurious to health, this Department will in the future consider the sale in North Carolina of vegetables colored with copper salts a violation of the State Food Law, and such violations after January 1,_ 1913, will be prosecuted. Eleven samples of canned peas were examined, eight of which appear to have been adulterated or misbranded,^ and only three were legal. Seven of the eight samples were colored with copper salts, and one not so adulterated was misbranded, the label not showing the name of the packer. Dealers are hereby notified that the sale of vege- tables colored with copper salts after January 1, 1913, will be prosecuted if detected by the Department. 84 The Bulletin RESULTS OP THE EXAMI Laboratory Number Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis 10951 Peas. Canned _-- Piatt & Co., Baltimore, Md J. B. Cummins & Son, Tarboro . 10953 do Price, L. A., Bordeaux, France C. V. Williams, Hamlet 10954 do ....do... M. L. Millikin, Hamlet. 10949 do Thomas Roberts & Co., Philadel- pia, Pa. Williams, R. C, & Co., New York, N. Y. S. F. Jones, Rocky Mount 10955 do D. E. Bristol, Morganton... 10301 do Armstrong, H. C, New Bern 10946 do Barnes-Graves Grocery Co., Wil- 10947 do son. Joyner & Nichols, Rocky Mount. 10948 do Levy-Gaston, G., & Bro., Rocky 10952 do - -. Mount. Pure Food Store, Hertford 10956 do Stradley & Luther, Asheville 1 PEPPERMINT EXTRACT AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAME. Peppermint extract is the flavoring extract prepared from oil of pep- permint, or from peppermint, or both, and contains not less than 3 per cent by volume of oil of peppermint. Oil of peppermint is the volatile oil obtained from peppermint. During the past year nine samples, represented to be extracts of pepper- RESULTS OP THE EXAMINATION OP PEPPERMINT 5^- 10897 9815 9881 10893 10894 10390 10896 10384 10895 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Extract Peppermint, Brame's. Essence Peppermint, White Lion. ....do Peppermint, Kitchen Queen. Peppermint Extract, N. P. D. Essence Peppermint, Standard. Extract Peppermint Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis C. D. Linderman, North Wilkes- boro. W. Christopher, Murphy... Brame Drug Co., North Wilkes- boro, N. C. Chapman Drug Co., Knoxville, Tenn. do.. .! do. Interstate Chemical Co., Baltimore, Webster & Robertson, Madison Md. Norman-Perry Drug Co., Winston- Salem, N. C. Standard Drug Co., Elizabeth City, N. C. Surry Drug Co., Elkin, N. C Extract Peppermint, W . M. G. Extract Peppermint, Pilot O. F. Brown, Winston-Salem Morrisette Bros., Elizabeth City. W. W. Whitaker, Elkin Williams, Marlin & Gray, Norfolk, Va. Winston Drug Co., Winston-Salem. T. C. Blanchard & Bro., Hert- ford. Fairmont Gro. Co., Elkin The Bulletin 85 NATION OF CANNED PEAS. 2^ J3 E 10951 10953 10954 10949 10955 10301 10946 Adulterants Remarks and Conclusions None found- Copper -._.do None found- ....do .do. Copper. 10947 -...do. 10948 ....do- 10952 Canned peas, not artificially colored. Canned peas, artificially colored with copper sulphate, a poisonous substance; adulterated; sale illegal, do. Canned peas, not artificially colored. do. Canned peas, not artificially colored; misbranded; label does not show name of the packer or jobber; sale illegal. Canned peas, artificially colored with copper sulphate, a poisonous substance ; adulterated and misbranded; label does not show name of packer or jobber; sale illegal, do. do. _do- i do. 10956|Copper jCanned peas, artificially colored with copper sulphate, a poisonous substance ; adulterated and misbranded ; label does not show name of packer or j obber ; I sale illegal. mint or essence of peppermint were examined, six of which proved to be below standard, containing less than 3 per cent of peppermint oil, and were therefore adulterated and misbranded, and sold in violation of the law. The samples examined were found to contain from 0.20 per cent to 4.40 per cent of peppermint oil, and all sold at practically the same price. EXTRACTS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAME. 10897 9815 9881 10893 10894 10390 10896 10384 10895 I ° a, -5^2 ^^ ^ u, None 0.20 0.20 2.80 5.40 4.00 None... §« CD 'Xi Specific Gravity 15.5°C. Remarks and Conclusions 10050 Positive 71.93 1.4734 0.92184 Cottonseed oil; misbranded; branded sweet oil ; sweet oil is is olive oil; sale illegal. 1085S ...do 70.00 1.4723 0.92296 do. 10216 ....do 73.38 1.4743 0.92194 do. 11 '408 Negative... 66.67 1.4702 0.91601 Sweet oil. 0148 -..do 66.90 1.4703 0.91558 do. 10053 Positive 71.93 1.4734 0.92217 Cotton seed oil; misbranded; branded sweet oil; sweet oil is olive oil; sale illegal. 10207 Negative... 66.38 1.4699 0.91596 Sweet oil. 10866 Positive 70.00 1.4723 0.92227 Cotton seed oil; misbranded; branded sweet oil; sweet oil is olive oil; sale illegal. 10183 ....do 72.88 1.4740 0.92122 do. 10405 -..-do 73.67 1.4745 0.92230 do. 10049 --..do 73.20 1.4743 0.92257 do. 10251 ....do 72.88 1.4740 0.92128 do. 10387 ..-.do 72.67 1.4739 0.92168 do. 10393 ....do 73.17 1.4741 Cotton seed oil; misbranded; was branded sweet oil; (in small letters) cotton seed oil; sweet oil is olive oil; sale illegal. 10394 -—do 73.50 1.4745 0.92231 do. 10383 —do 73.17 1.4741 do. 10385 ....do 73.17 1.4741 0.92251 do. 10336 ..-.do 73.17 1.4741 0.92217 Cotton seed oil; misbranded; (in small letters) branded cotton seed oil; letters too small; sale illegal. 9892 72.93 1.4740 0.92240 Cotton seed oil; misbranded; branded sweet oil; sweet oil is olive oil; sale illegal. 10537 ...-do 73.06 1.4742 0.92160 do. 10195 ....do 73.38 1.4743 0.92397 do. 10867 -._-do 72.83 1.4741 0.921.54 do. 10250 do 72.38 1.4737 0.92193 do. 10860 ---do 72.00 1.4735 0.92191 do. 10863 ----do. 72.00 1.4735 do. 10856 .-..do. 72.83 1.4741 0.92205 do. 10864 ....do 72.00 1.4735 do. 10859 ....do 72.83 1.4741 0.92259 do. 10166 -.--do 72.90 1.4740|0. 92172 do. 10857 do 73.83 1.4747 0.92404 do. 10855 ....do 73.83 1.4747 0.92342 Cotton seed oil; misbranded; branded sweet oil; sweet oil is olive oil; sale illegal. Does not show name and address of manufacturer. 10854 ....do 73.83 1.4747 0.92576 Cotton seed oil; misbranded; branded sweet oil; sweet oil is olive oil; sale illegal. 10853 ..-do 73.83 1.4747 0.92304 do. 90 The Bulletin RESULTS OP THE EXAMINATION OF SWEET li Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis 10865 Sweet Oil, Pilot Winston Drug Co., Winston-Salem, N. C. . do Farmers Stock Co., Winston- 10862 ....do.. -...do Salem. P. W. Mock, Winston-Salem 10861 ---do Wells-Brietz Co., Winston-Salem. SUGAR. Sugar is the product clioniically known as sucrose (saccharose) chiefly obtained from sugar-cane, sugar beets, sorghum, maple, and palm. Granulated, loaf, cut, milled, and powdered sugars are different forms of sugar and contain at least 99.5 per cent of sucrose. Only nine- RESULTS OF THE Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler 10981;Sugar, Standard Arbuckle Bros., New York, N. Y.. 10962Sugar Federal Sugar Ref. Co., Yonkers I N. Y. Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Bennett & Tesh, Winston-Salem. W. L. Fort, Raleigh 10971 10963 10967 ..do do - -. ..do - Franklin Sugar Ref. Co., Phila- j delphia. Pa. ..do.- - -I do - BufTaloe & Baugh, Raleigh. W. L. Fort, Raleigh— ..do do - do Joyce Bros. &Co., Winston-Salem, N. C. ...do -Kenny, C. D., Co., Winston-Salem, N. C. ...do..- do. -do. 10969 Sugar, Brown 1 do. 10974 10980 10979 10982 10965 10964 10976 10972 10968 10966, 10970 10975 10977 ...do. Leggett, Francis H. & Co., New York, N. Y. ----do- Johnson & McCuUers, Raleigh-.. M. Rosenthal & Co., Raleigh P. G. Hyatt, Greensboro- T. H. Hooper, Winston-Salem... C. E. Knouse, Winston-Salem E. L. Vogler & Co., Winston- Salem. C. F. Smith, Raleigh do- iMcCahan, W. J., Philadelphia, Pa. ...-do National Sugar Ref. Co., of New Jersey. .do Norris Bros., Raleigh, N. C .do -- Phillips & Penny, Raleigh, N. C- ...do Warner Sugar Ref. Co., New York, N. Y, ...do. ...do- -do- E. L. Vogler & Co., Winston- Salem. C. C. Jones & Son, Raleigh A. S. Womble, Raleigh Thiem & Birdsong, Raleigh. C. T. Powell, Raleigh J. P. Charles, Winston-Salem E. P. Heitman, Winston-Salem.. J The Bulletin 91 OILS AND SWEET OIL SUBSTITUTES— Continued. 2^ 2 S 10865 10862 10861 CI t.«2 ^ S a Q. ° "^ (7) -►-* . ^ 0) or: WHOO Positive.-- -do.. -do- I (U CD s v ^ M O ".fc^ o >. . adii frac 5°C ecifi avit 5°C rt^2 Phi-< ^02 74.00 1.4747 0.92552 73.83 1.4747 0.92254 73.00 1.4741 0.92612 Remarks and Conclusions Cotton seed oil .misbranded; branded sweet oil; sweet oil is olive oil; sale illegal. Does not show name and address of manufacturer. Cotton seed oil, misbranded; branded sweet oil; sweet oil is oliv oile; sale illegal, do. teen samples of sugar were examined during the year, one of which was a brown sugar and naturally contained less sucrose than the more highly purified forms. 'No adulteration was found. It is such an easy matter to detect adulteration in sugar by ordinary methods that manufacturers hardly attempt the adulteration of it at all. EXAMINATION OP SUGAR. i9 i^ c3 QJ 10981 10962 10971 10963 10967 10969 10974 10980 10979 10982 10965 10964 10976 10972 10968 10966 10970' 10975 10977 100.00 100.00 100.00 100. 00 1 100.00 88.00 100. 00 I 100. oo' 100. ooi 99.00' 100.00 99.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 31.9 32.9 32.9 31.9 32.8 28.2 31.9 31.9 31.9 33.0 32.9 33.0 31.9 31.9 31.9 32.9 32.9' 32.9 31.9 m C3 coPh Remarks and Conclusions 99.50 Sugar, cane. 100.00; do. 100.00 99.50 100.00 87.59 99.50 99.50 99.50 99.50 100.00 99.50 99.50 99.50 99.50 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.50 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 92 The Bulletin VAMLLA EXTRACTS AJfD YANILLA EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES. Vanilla extract is the flavoring extract prepared from vanilla bean, with or without sugar or glycerin, and contains in one hundred (100 cc.) cubic centimeters the soluble matters from not less than ten (10) grams of the vanilla bean. The adulterants of vanilla extract are tonka bean extract, artificial vanillin, artificial coumarin, caramel and coal-tar colors. Artificial va- nillin is the same as the chief flavoring principle of the vanilla bean, but the extract made from this substance lacks the flavor of genuine vanilla extract, owing to the absence of other substances, which can not be successfully imitated. Tonka beans are much cheaper than vanilla RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VANILLA 5.- o a •si 9903 J0376 «976 '9969 9975 10280 10239 9910 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Vanilla Extract, Republic. Austin, Nichols & Co., New York, N. Y. Imitation Vanilla Flavor- Brinkley, A., & Co., Norfolk, Va.. ing, Excelsior. Vanilla Extract, Peacock. Bristol Drug Mfg. Co., Bristol, Va.-Tenn. Extract Vanilla, Com- Burwell & Dunn Co., Charlotte, pound. ! N C. Vanilla Extract, Mammy's Christian Bros. & Co., Richmond, Newton Grocery Co., Newton. Va. Vanilla Extract, C. C. C. Clotworthy Chemical Co., Balti- W. H. Murphy, Kinston more, Md. i Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Thiem & Birdsong, Raleigh M. Hathaway, Hertford W. G. Sparks, Murphy Cash Grocery Co., Statesville.. .do- .do. IF. E. Barnes, Goldsboro. Imitation Vanilla Flavor, Cumberland Mfg. Co., Nashville, VV. P. Ford & Son, Asheville Oriental. j Tenn. 10167 Imitation Vanilla Flavor- J. T. Davenport, Morehead City. ing, Davenport. 9911 Vanilla Compound, Die- C. W. DeVault, Asheville, N. C. wald's. Stradley & Luther, Asheville. - 10264 Vanilla Extract No. 10, Gilbert Bros. & Co., Baltimore, D. L. M. Fields, LaGrange. I Household. Md. j 10381 Extract Vanilla and Van- Fonerden, C. A., & Co., Baltimore, [Pure Food Store, Hertford, illin, Fonerden's. Md. 10310 Extract Vanilla and Cou- marin, P. & S. 10404 Vanilla Extract, Golden Horse Shoe. 10254 Extract Vanilla, Couma- rin and Vanillin. Frank Tea & SpiceCo., Cincinnati, ,S. W. Willis, New Bern Ohio. The Four Co., Norfolk, Va.. .1. O. Everett Co., Plymouth. Vanilla Extract, Blue Rib- bon. Flavoring of Vanilla 9909 9977 8940 97271 Vanilla Extract, Imperial. Vanilla Extract. Goldsboro Drug Co., Goldsboro, N. C. H. R. McCleeny, Goldsboro. Thiem & Birdsong, Raleigh . Greever-Lotspeich & Co., Knox- ville, Tenn. Hand, W. L., & Co., Charlotte, Patterson Grocery Co , Kings N. C. Mountain. Heekin Spice Co., Cincinnati, O... Pamlico Gro. Co., Washington.. Imperial Chemical Co., Johnson .D. K. Collins, Bryson... City, Tenn. I The Bulletin 93 beans and have a ranker and more stringent flavor due to eoumarin whicii is also prepared artificially for use in extracts. Under the head of vanilla extracts and vanilla extract substitutes 40 samples have been examined, of which 16 Avere adulterated or mis- branded and were sold in violation of the Food Law. Many of the 24 samples that were legal were labeled compound or imitation extract of vanilla, as it appeared to be, and while inferior products they were labeled so as to show their real character and were not sold in violation of the law. The adulterated samples are described in the table below, and by reference to same the character of the adulteration can be noted. I EXTRACTS AND VANILLA EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES. >> 2 t7 -2 i 1. Alcohol,— by Volume — Per Cent li II HO a . ^ \o Lead Nui Normal, (Winton's Vanillin— Per Cent n Specific Gravity, 15. 6°C. Remarks and Conclusions 9903 18.54 0.31 0.43 0.05 None -- 1.02220 39.26 Extract vanilla. 10376 4.22 0.07 0.03 None Present 1.13689 11.14 Imitation vanilla flavor. 9976 29.43 0.22 0.63 0.15 None. 1.05390 45.36 Extract vanilla. 9969 2.71 0.16 0.27 0.08 0.98506 20.44 Compound extract vanilla; claims 25% alco- hol; misbranded; sale illegal. 9975 8.77 0.04 0.08 None None 1.02650 7.06 Imitation extract vanilla; adulterated and misbranded; sale illegal. 10280 17.36 0.36 0.75 0.20 None 1.00620 44.50 Extract vanilla. 10239 13.54 0.21 0.35 0.17 None 0.98174 48.26 do. 9910 10.82 0.02 0.01 0.13None 1 1.02656 13.55 Imitation vanilla flavor. 10167 7.17 0.02 0.10 0.27 Present 1.01148 1-2.50 Imitation extract vanilla. 9911 25.27 0.08 0.19 0.04 None 1.03504 44.88 Compound extract vanilla; not properly labeled; does not show name and address of manufacturer; sale illegal. 10264 19.81 0.21 0.44 0.15 None 1.03291 35.16 Extract vanilla 10381 20.92 0.09 0.11 0.27 None -- 1.05985 18.15 Imitation extract vanilla; label indicates standard vanilla and vanillin; misbrand- ed; sale illegal. 10310 10.09 0.05 0.12 0.06 Present 1.02815 8.74 Imitation vanilla extract or compound of vanillin and eoumarin. 10404 11.38 0.28 0.31 0.07 None 1.01651 33.85 Extract vanilla, slightly below standard. 10254 8.36 0.08 0.14 0.17 Present 1.01159 17.06 Compound eoumarin, vanillin and vanilla; is branded extract vanilla; below in small letters, eoumarin and vanillin, misbrand- ed; sale illegal. 9909 12.47 0.18 0.31 O.lONone 0.97526 50.85 Extract vanilla. 9977 15.35 0.27 0.59 0.06 None 0.99128 47.58 do. 8940 21.23 0.19 0.38 0.11 None. 1.01320 45.50 do. 9727 16.49 0.09 0.11 0.03 None 1.03590 24.02 Extract vanilla, below standard; adulter- ated and misbranded; sale illegal. 94 The Bulletin RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OP VANILLA >f P^u Material and Brand Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who ?.^ from Label Sent Sample for Analysis Labo Num 9972 Vanilla Extract, Kitchen Interstate Commerce Co., Rich- John E. Fain, Murphy Queen. mond, Va. «fl07 Vanilla Flavor, Lowe's Red Knoxville Drug Co., Knoxville, Dickey-Davis-Dickey Co., Mur- Diamond. Tenn. phy. 9978 Vanilla Extract Lee & Herring, Clinton, N. C A. W. Aman, Clinton 10149 Vanilla and Vanillin Com- pound, Our Perfection. Loew Drug Co., Baltimore, Md... Cline Bros., Morehead City 8844 W. B. Mann Co., Raleigh 8432 Vanilla Extract McMonagle & Rogers, Middletown, N. Y. H. J. Johnson, Raleigh 9470 Vanilla Extract Newton Tea & Spice Co., Cincin- W. Gray Willi.s, Washington nati, Ohio. 10282 Imitation Vanilla Ex. Delta ....do T. B. HoUoway, Kinston 10719 Vanilla Extract, Newton's Red Seal. ....do - Herbert's Bakery, Kinston 10259 Vanilla Extract, Sauer's.. Sauer, C. F., Co.. Richmond, Va.. P. H. Spence, Goldsboro... 10253 Essence ot Vanillin and Coumarin, Sea Side. Sea Side Drug Co., Manteo, N. C. J. B. Watson, Goldsboro - 9973 Extract Vanilla Smith, T. C, Dr., Asheville, N. C. ....do N. C. Christopher, Murphy 9974 do W. B. Fisher, Andrews 9979 Vanilla Extract T. C. Smith, Ashe\Tille .-. 9893 Imitation Vanilla Flavor, Suffolk Drug & Extract Co., Suf- YoungsvilleBottUngCo.,Youngs- Purl. folk, Vu. ville. 9471 Imitation Vanilla Thomas Extract Co., New York, N. Y. M. Rosenthal Co., Raleigh 9908 Vanilla Compound, Our Seal. Vaughn-Crutchfield Co., Winston- Salem, N. C. J. D. Lee, Wilson 9970 Vanilla Extract, Eagle Webb Mfg. Co'., Nashville, Tenn.. Lawrence- Cline Co., Hickory 10377 Vanilla Extract William?, Martin & Gray, Norfolk, Va. Winston Drug Co., Winston-Salem, M. Hathaway, Hertford 9904 Extract Vanilla, Com- F. B. Phifer, Statesville pound, Pilot. N. C. 10313 Vanilla Compound, Lux- Jos. F. Tayloe, Washington ury. VINEGAR AND VINEGAR SUBSTITUTES. VINEQAK STANDARDS. Vinegar is the product made by the alcoholic and subsequent acetous fermentation of the juice of apples, and contains not less than 4.00 per cent of acetic acid, not less than 1.60 per cent of apple solids, of which not more than 50.00 per cent are reducing sugars, and not less than 0.25 per cent of apple ash. Wine vinegar is the product made by the alcoholic and subsequent acetous fermentation of the juice of grapes, and contains not less than The Bulletin 95 EXTRACTS AND VANILLA EXTRACT SVBSTITUTES— Continued. Total Solids— Per Cent CI Lead Number, Normal, (Winton's) Vanillin — Per Cent Coumarin — ' Per Cent Specific Gravity, 15. 6°C. Alcohol— by Volume^ Per Cent Remarks and Conclusions 9972 27.19 0.18 0.38 0.12None 1.0735 30.48 Extract vanilla. 9907 8.53 1 0.19 0.24 0.05 None 0.98742 36.02 Vanilla extract, below standard; adulter- ated and misbranded; sale illegal. 9978 4.14 0.05 0.08 0.40 Present 0.96760 38.94 Imitation vanilla extract; adulterated and misbranded; sale illegal. 10149 16.47 0.24 0.33 0.22 None 1.03102 26.15 Compound vanilla extract. 8444 10.84 0.29 0.48 0.06 None 0.96559 29.85 Extract vanilla, slightly below standard. 8432 12.26 0.34 0.38 0.06 None 0.93210 84.57 do. 9470 22.61 0.38 0.64 O.K. None 1.03030 39.61 Extract vanilla. 10282 8.51 0.04 0.12 0.22 Present 1.04466 10.90 Imitation vanilla extract. 10719 22.45 0.55 0.67 0.12 None 1.04070 38.40 Extract vanilla. 10259 25.17 0.27 0.50 0.22 None 1.05287 31.00 do. 10253 12.58 0.10 0.04 0.35 Present 1.06696 17.15 Imitation extract vanilla. 9973 13.48 0.03 0.09 0.25 Present 1.03050 15.40 Compound extract vanilla; adulterated and misbranded; sale illegal. 9974 15.96 0.12 0.14 0.20 Present 1.03910 13.10 do. 9979 1.52 0.15 0.16 0.03 0.94129 49.00 ed; sale illegal. 9893 7.98 0.04 0.06 0.40 Present 1.01490 12.50 Imitation vanilla flavor. 9471 19.86 0.13 0.13 Pres.. Present 0.97790 18.15 [mitation extract vanilla. 9908 31.61 0.27 0.29 0.10 None 0.99285 38.60 Compound extract vanilla; misbranded; is branded "compound vanilla"; it is a com- pound extract of vanilla; sale illegal. 9970j 10.07 0.19 0.49 0.11 None 1.00040 3.'. 90 Vanilla extract. 10377 9.06 0.46 0.65 0.10 None 0.98335 38.25 do. 9904 8.00 0.05 0.06 0.20 Present 1.21814 16.00 Compound extract vanilla; claims 50.00 pnr cent alcohol; contains but 16.00 per cent alcohol; misbranded; sale illegal. 10303 12.31 0.06 0.06 0.22 Present 1.03792 8.16 [mitation extract vanilla; sold by dealer as compound vanilla; is not a compound va- nilla; it is vanillin and coumarin; sale illegal. 4.00 per cent of acetic acid, not less than 1.00 per cent of grape solids, and not less than 0.13 per cent of grape ash. Malt vinegar is the product made by the alcoholic and subsequent acetous fermentation, without distillation, of an infusion of barley malt or cereals whose starch has been converted by malt, is dextrorotary, and contains not less than 4.00 per cent of acetic acid, not less than 2.00 per cent of solids, and not less than 0.2 per cent of ash. Distilled spirit vinegar is the product made by the acetous fermenta- tion of dilute distilled alcohol, and contains not less than 4.00 per cent acetic acid. 96 The Bulletin From the report of tliis Department for 1911 the following is quoted: "Besides vinegar, the product made from apple cider, the standards under tlie food law recognize five other products that can be sold as vinegar, provided the word vinegar is accompanied by the name of the class to which the product belongs ; as malt vinegar, wine vinegar, dis- tilled spirit vinegar; but to comply with the law a product to be sold as 'vinegar' must be a product made from apple cider." There are many substitutes for vinegar, such as malt vinegar, com- pound vinegar, spirit vinegar, etc., and must be sold as such and not as vinegar. These substitutes for vinegar are purchased in bulk by the dealers and sold at retail in broken packages not labeled, and one of the greatest violations of the Food Law is the sale of those substitutes for vinegar as the real vinegar. A customer orders or asks a grocer for vinegar and he is furnished with one of the above substitutes for vinegar without explanation as to its real character. During the year 137 samples of vinegar and vinegar substitutes were examined. By reference to the table below it will be seen that 21 of RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis 9689 10416 9683 10391 9697 Vinegar, Compound Albion Grocery Co., Gastonia, N. C. Vinegar Armstrong Grocery Co., New Bern, N. C. Vinegar - Asheville Provision Co., Ashe\'ille, N. C. do Baltimore Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md. ...do Blanton, A., Grocery Co., Shelby, N. C. 9696 Vinegar, Spirit.... , do 9695 Vinegar, Belle of the South do. 10190 Vinegar, Apple Bear, Saml., Sr., & Son, Wilming- ton, N. C. 10156 Vinegar Beaufort Grocery Co., Beaufort, I N. C. 10435 Vinegar, Spirit Bentley-Shriver Co., Baltimore, I Md. 10446 Vinegar. Boushee, Ed., Wilmington, N. C... 10462 do Burr Mfg. Co., Richmond, Va 9686 Vinegar, Monument Carroll Grocery Co., Spartanburg, S. C. 9670 Vinegar Coca-Cola Bottling Co., Asheville, N. C. 10163 do Davenport, J. T., Morehead City, N. C. 9682iVinegar, Sugar Dawson Bros., Co., Memphis, Tenn. 9679iVinegar, Sugar, Circle do. 10624jVinegar, Distilled, Royal do Crown. Ideal Grocery Co., Gastonia Jno. H. Mizzell, Williamston P. Haynie, Marshall Morrisette Bros., Elizabeth City. J. E. Webb. Shelby M. A. McSwain & Son, Shelby... J. N. DelUnger, Shelby Hobbs&Russ, Warsaw J. B. Jones & Son, Beaufort H. W. Konig, Wilmington John G. Kuhlken, Wilmington ... Capps & Hines, Wilmington City Grocery Co., Kings Moun-. tain. J. M. Smith, Morganton. H. B. Smith, Morehead City J. W. Nelson, Marshall J. W. R. Cline, Bryson J. D. Barnett, Wilmington The Bulletin. 97 them were adulterated or misbranded; 53 of them were misrepresented by the dealers, that is sold for what they were not, and that the sale of 69 of them was illegal either because the product was adulterated or mis- branded, or was misrepresented by the dealer or both. In many cases manufacturers and jobbers sell retail dealers vinegar without further specifying the kind of vinegar. To protect themselves against the N"ational Food Law they brand it distilled vinegar, compound vinegar, etc., as the case may be. The dealer receives the goods without specially noticing the label, thinking that he has vinegar, and proceeds to sell it as such. On the other hand, it appears that often when substitutes for vinegar are sold, invoiced, and labeled just what they are, the dealer im- poses on his customers by selling them these products as vinegar. To just what extent the dealers are deceived in regard to the product they handle it is difficult to say, but one thing is true, to be sure : much of the so-called vinegar on the market is invoiced and branded just what it actually is, but is sold by the retail dealer as vinegar, which it is not. AND SUBSTITUTES FOR VINEGAR. - I C i-i -w c ^ O 0.32 0.22 2.25 0.71 0.40 0.26 0.25 0.69 0.27 0.52 0.55 0.52 0.29 2.05 0.32 1.03 1.11 0.22 0.07 0.03 0.35 0.15 0.12 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.02 0.31 0.02 0.14 0.14 0.02 Pho PL, 1-1 *a 0.3 Remarks and Conclusions O. K. 0.3 — 0. —0.3 —0.3 —0.8 Compound vinegar. Spirit vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. Vinegar. Compound vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. . do. Distilled spirit vinegar. Spirit vinegar; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. O. K 'Compound vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. Spirit vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. Compound, distilled and molasses vinegar. Compound vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal, do. Spirit vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. Vinegar. Spirit vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. Sugar vinegar. do. Spirit vinegar; colored. 98 The Bulletin. RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR I. 9711 10356 Material and Brand from Label Vinegar , Distilled , and Mo- lasses. Vinegar, Spirit 9681 Vinegar- 10192 Vinegar. 10143 Vinegar, Our Pride 10189 Vinegar, Apple 10206;. --do Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis L. A. Kincaid, Morganton. Fleming-Christian Co., Richmond, Va. Fray & Sons, Baltimore, Md E. \V. Burton, Edenton. Gast-Crofts Co., Louisville, Ky Reagan Bros., Andrews.. ..do ...J. H. Fonvielle, Warsaw. do W. P. Adams, Morehad City do J- G. Hobbs, Clinton do -. |W. D. James, Mt. Olive 10201 Vinegar, Pure, Log Cabin. Goldsboro Grocery Co., Goldsboro, C. B. Hatch, Mt. Olive N. C. Hampton, T. H., Brevard, N. C...,Cox & Ivilpatrick, Brevard. Henderson, W. I., Charlotte, N. C. L. L. Sarratt, Charlotte .-do 9685|Vinegar. 9702 ..do.. 9699 ....do... 10172 10441 Vinegar, Pure Apple Vinegar 10429 Vinegar, Apple. 8709 do 10671 Vinegar, Pure... 10672 Vinegar, Apple. 10673 Vinegar, Pickling 10454 10225 Vinegar Vinegar, O. H., Compound 10155 Vinegar, Pure Apple. Hicks, R. W., Wilmington, N. C. ....do F. N. Hall, Charlotte J. H. Bornemann, Wilmington. S. O. Frink, Wilmington do T. E. Coker, Wilmington. Hirsch Bros. & Co., Louisville, Ky. LawTence Bros., Enfield.. .do J- T. Moore & Son, Raleigh. .do Rudy & Buffaloe, Raleigh... -do. .do. .do. Wm. Crownstream, Wilmington.. 10425 Vinegar, .\pple. 9668 Vinegar. 10210 Vinegar. 10218 Vinegar, Apple. Old Homestead Mfg. Co., Rich- J. G. Derr, Goldsboro. mond, Va. Hollister, C. S., & Co., New Bern, Potter Bros., Beaufort N. C. do Sabister Bros., Jacksonville Hughes, R. M., & Co., Louisville, Ky. Hughes, R. M., & Co., Louisville, Ky. ....do 10221 Vinegar, Monogram 10666. ...do 10223 Vinegar, Apple, Monogram 9673 Vinegar... 10690 -..do .do. .do. 9677 9701 9694: Vinegar, Spirit 10243! Vinegar, Grape, Knott's . 10321 Vinegar, Pure Grape .do. .do. F. B. Fifer, Statesville W. H. Etheridge, Selma J. G. Barbour & Sons, Clayton. Champlin Bros., Clayton. .. C. C. Jones & Son, Raleigh. ..._do.. lO'Neill & Ferrell, Clayton.. InsleyGrocery Co., Asheville, N. CM. H. Pressley, Asheville.... _. .[w. N. Cox, Kinston Jones Bros. & Co., Louisville, Ky.. A. P. Childers, Bryson Knadler & Lucas, Louisville, Ky... Dav-is & Byerly, Charlotte. do jMajor Hopper, Shelby Knott, S. R. & J. C, Suffolk, Va. ..Jh. Williams, Goldsboro.... Knott, T. J., Suffolk, Va D. M. Carter, Washington. The Bulletin. AND SUBSTITUTES FOR YINBGAR— Continued. 99 o *J o gl .$1 gSBg , « ©■c -3-=C -;-oO 1 O 9711! 4.00 10356 9681 4.66 4.73 0.68 0.30 0.17 0.03 cur Remarks and Conclusions —0.4 O. K 10192 4.20 10143! 4.42 lOlgg! 4.85 10206 4.46 10201 5.15 0.34 0.07 0.34 0.04 0.43 0.06.... 0.40, 0.05!. j 0.43' 0.06i I 1.91 0.35 — l.OO. K. Molasses and distilled vinegar; sold as malt vinegar; mis- represented; sale illegal. Spirit vinegar. Compound vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. Spirit vinegar colored; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal, do. do. do. Vinegar. 101721 4.85 9685 1.03 2.67 0.31 | Vinegar, below standard in acidity; sale illegal. 9702 4.03 1.33 0.13. ...jVinegar below standard; adulterated; sale illegal. 9699 4.49 1.64 0.16... Compound vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as I I ' vinegar; sale illegal. 0.31 0.03' I Spirit vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. 10441 3.78' 0.17 0.02 Spirit vinegar; below standard; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. 10429 2.87j 0.13 0.01 • do. 8709; 4.37 2.31 0.31 Apple vinegar to which water has been added or used in the manufacture. 0.39 0.07 Spirit vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. Compound vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar ; sale illegal. 10673 5.21 0.32 0.03 1. Spirit vinegar. 10454 4.90; 0.55 0.08. Slight Compound vinegar; naisrepresented by dealer; sold as vine- gar; sale illegal. 0.55 0.11, O.SiMedium Compound vinegar. 10671 10272 5.36 5.65; 0.67 0.14 —0.1 Slight. 10225i 4.54 10155' 4.89' 0.40' 0.02. 10425 5.84; 0.27 0.04 Spirit vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; sale illegal, do. 9668 4.03 1.70 0.19 — 1.0,0. K Vinegar to which wat«r has been added. 10210 4.57 0.53 0.07 10218 4.78 0.95 0.18 I jSpirit vinegar, colored; misrepresented; sold as vinegar; sale I illegal. —0.3 Small Compound vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vine- gar; sale illegal. 10221 4.661 0.97 0.17 —0.3 Small do. 10666 4.69 0.97 0.17 —1.1 Medium....! do. 10223 4.64 1.00 0.15 —0.4 do .| do. 9673 4.21 184 0.31 Vinegar, 10690, 4.36, 0.49 0.04 0.7,Small Spirit vinegar; colored; misrepresented; sold as vinegar: sale illegal. Vinegar. do. Spirit vinegar. 10243 3.33 0.21' 0.04 ...ISpirit vinegar below standaid; misrepresented; sold as grape vinegar; sale illegal. Spirit vinegar containing small amount grape vinegar; misbianded and adulterated; sold as grape vinegar; sale illegal. 9677 4.53 9701 4.55 2.01 1.77 0.36 0.32 —1.2 9674 5.30' 0.38, 0.08 . O. K 10321 5.06 0.35 0.C5 0.8 Slight. 100 The Bulletin. RESULTS OP THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR 3u s a 10312 10374 Material and Brand from Label Manufacturer or Wholesaler Vinegar, Grape. Knott, T. J , Suffolk, Va— Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis --iJ. F. Tayloe, Washington. C. V. Williford, Hertford. H. A. Blount, Plymouth. do i do 10410. ...do i....do 9700 Vinegar Mayer, M. C, Grocery Co., Char- S. M. Burdell, Charlotte I lotte, N. C. Vinegar, Spirit iMorganton Bottling Co., Morgan- Grady & Lowdermilk, Morganton ton, N. C. Myatt, W. A., Raleigh, N. C iRaleigh Confectionery and Toy I Co. Raleigh. New Bern Grocery Co., New Bern, J. B. Morton, Morehead City N. C. Pate, J. H., Goldsboro, N. C 9672 Vinegar, Spirit Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co., Morgan- ton, N. C. i Price & Lucas Cider and Vinegar L. E. Marr, Bryson. Co., Louisville, Ky. .—do Reeves, Garrett, Tuscola, N. C 9671 10676 Vinegar, Apple, Favorite 10164 Vinegar 10235.... do.. J. L. Sullivan, Goldsboro P. F. Newton & Co., Morganton. 9678 Vinegar. 9675 do- 9674 do 10375 Vinegar, Apple iSeely, J. B., Elizabeth City, N. C. 9691 Vinegar E. P. Martin, W'aynesville. J. D. Boone, Waynesville.. M. Hathaway, Hertford... .9692. ...do. 9690;.... do. 10188.. ..do. 10424 Vinegar, Spirit. 10667 Vinegar Shelby, E. S., Vinegar Co., Rich- Young Bros., Newton mond, Va. do 'Newton Grocery Co., Newton.. do L L. Wycoff, Lincolnton do A. A. Jackson, Clinton .do- Sabister Bros., Jacksonville, .do R. C. Batchelor, Raleigh... 10903 Vinegar, Apple.. Shenandoah Valley Apple Cider R. N. Dickenson, Beaufort.. I and Vinegar Co., Winchester, Va. 9680 Vinegar ,Sladen-Fakes Co., Bryson, N. C... Padgett & Nelson, Andrews. 103371 do ;Southern Distributing Co., Nor- J. F. Bishop, Belhaveu folk, Va. I 9676 do...'. Spiro, Jacob, Knoxville, Tenn R. L. Leatherwood, Bryson. 9667 do [Statesville Grocery Co., Statesville, Sherrill & Reece, Statesville. I N. c. ! 10675 Vinegar, Apple .Suffolk Vinegar Co., Suffolk, Va... Buffalo & Baugh, Raleigh... 9|Vinegar. .Wakefield, E. F., Lenoir, N. C W. A. W'atson, Lenoir 9687 ....do 10153. ...do Ware, W. G. H., Kings Mountain, Carpenter & Bros., Kings Moun- N. C. I tain. do Hancock & Co., Beaufort 9693 10622 9688 10635 10453 do '-'V. P. Higgins, Shelby — Vinegar, Apple 'S. G. Long, Wilmington- Vinegar VV. A. Mauney & Bro., Kings ' Mountain. do.. ' |C. H. Rawls, Greensboro Vinegar, Apple Ijno. D. Richardson, Wilmington. The Bulletin. 101 AND SUBSTITUTES FOR YINEGAR— Continued. ° a cj o o o ^ o 10312 10374 10410 9700 9671 10676 10164 5.02 0.43 5.09 0.53 5.15, 0.62 4.02 1.63 lO 4.21 4.69 4.48 0.30 0.47 0.73 10235 4.85j 0.79 9672 3.83 0.38 9678 9675 9674 10375 9691 9692 9690 10188 10424 10667 10903 9680 10337 9676 9667 4.59 2.08 4.711 2.69 2.96 1.75 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.32 0.04 0.10 0.07 0.10 eg C3 .9" '3 2 0.8 Slight 0.8 Medium Remarks and Conclusions —0.2 Small Compound grape and spirit vinegar; misrepresented; sold as grape vinegar; sale illegal. do. do. Vinegar. Spirit vinegar. Spirit vinegar; misrepresented; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. .'Compound vinegar; misrepresented; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. do. . Spirit vinegar; below standard; sale illegal. 0.32 .1 Vinegar. 0.70 1.55 5.09 4.05 4.60 1.73 3.40 1.09 3.87: 0.27 4.21 0.29 4.18j 0.43 4.64 2.44 4.01 0.33 4.06 0.29 2.69 1.46 0.30 .- do. 0.31 i Vinegar below standard; sale illegal. 0.04 1.2 Medium Compound vinegar; misrepresented; sold as vinegar; sale I illegal. 0.33 Vinegar. 0.35 - - do. 0.12 .1. - Vinegar; below standard; sale illegal. 0.02 Spirit vinegar, colored; below standard; misrepresented; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. 0.01 - -- Spirit vinegar. 0.06 --- Spirit vinegar, colored; misrepresented; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. 0.40 0.0 Medium Vinegar. 4.05 2.57 I 10675| 5.021 0.40 9669 0.80 1.36 9687 10153 4.02 4.66 9693 1.57 10622 6.51 9688 10635 10453 2.81 4.09 5.33 O.llj 0.04. 0.21 0.38 0.04 0.27 0.59 0.12 0.24 0.3 Spirit vinegar; misrepresented; sold as vinegar; sale illegal, do. Vinegar, below standard; sale illegal. Vinegar. Spirit vinegar, containing small amount grape vinegar; misrepresented; sold as vinegar; sale illegal. . Apple cider; sold as vinegar. Had not changed to vinegar; sale illegal. Vinegar. 2.56 0.64 1.30 0.28 0.95 1.71 0.30 l.OGood Vinegar. 0.32| 0.02i I Spirit vinegar; misrepresented by dealer; sold as vinegar; III I sale illegal. Small Compound vinegar; misrepresented; sold as vinegar; sale I illegal. iVinegar, below standard; sale illegal. 0.02 Spirit vinegar; misrepre.=ented by dealer, sold as vinegar; I sale illegal. .Vinegar, below standard; sale illegal. 0.03 102 The Bulletin. RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR SB ,3^ 10422 10459 10252 10096 10450 9684 Material and Brand from Label Vinegar. -..do Vinegar, Pure- Vinegar.. ....do ...do. Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis Sewell & Dawson, Jacksonville.. E. A. Todd, Wilmington J. B. Watson, Goldsboro J. S. Wood, Durham W. P. Woodcock, Wilmington.... C. C. Young, Brevard RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR •sj 10346 Material and Brand from Label Vinegar, Arcadia. 10307 Vinegar, Apple. 10923 Vinegar, Cider, Beech- nut. 10451 Vinegar _. 10283 ...-do --. 10680 Vinegar, Malt.... Manufacturer or Wholesaler Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis h \ a a B Q CO r^ cd a ■•-• <\i ,^ ^ a a <& S P & •- S - > ca To O CQ 0^ - S) C) < M a? "3 CO 6 O d a " H § C b > J3 O f CQ r c O t" o a) m M c a ^ o • O O &: 3 O ~ Cm "3 go .13 tn o ° f^ ^ 5 ►^ )J m Q. 0. M s 9 Id C3 a. 2 : ki « T3 s " a r . .0 0) 60S O M > 3 O iJ So' 0 CO &^ C3 ra GQ C> O cd n oa u Is o S o tei 3 CO w O CO S o . to >, a o — o o .=3 O 01 3 73 O O K O) 2 "o O a a « "a a a 03 o o a 0. a m rti fii n» fli flj fl) a.- tU '-^ ^ ^ OJ aj a> O flJ CJ fl d d fl fl c a c d >>>>>> > > > : > COeO»OCO'—> .Q ^ ~ 4) a I* 'e. T3 rt S =^ a 2 t- a -^ ±: ^ 'S .2 „ a, 03 DO 't^ ti ■^ o g^ ^" ^ ^ '^ I s? s s S " .9 ^ 2 -3 ^ p» fl o ■» .2 _, -r .fl "3 IP ^ -^ « -^ 2 tn - ♦a 3 cJ fc. c3 w O c3 o c3 ft 73 M :;: bO ° O f3 rt u > > a > c3 .a _. .2 £ M - a ~ bO tn '^ 03 IP 3 ■T3 g >. O = 03 .2 CI m IP a S. V a ft > .:: J3 -0 o aj 7J o rt hfl u. 0 c 03 .9 "* -■ 'Z "^ =« .9 -5 — y 03 _oj .a S ^ tT tT "" s s tic " T) ^ C -a cj ft +J I" d M V C a o •T3 . -a •3 ^ to a o IP —- IP ■-^ -^ t. ►- m 03 g^ 03 U) ofl _a (U

a 03 d bO o3 3 ^ ^3 03 £■ a 03 S >? - m , ^ 03 "O -a -S 2 t- a IV 03 2 p= fl 03 ft M ^ -a a 3 •I ^ ^ a o O IP bC o 3 2 o "" ft -*^ 3 IP o > O m ft " » ft IP (P o3 ft "^ +3 ^ ".^ ^ t. o c3 .9 o o •? 5 *- ^ r^ ^ ft Si ^ 2 fa bo 9 ft > .9x1 •« S O 03 3 ^ IP ;h ., ft U 03 bl (-. t; bO — c3 .a a ■" IP c3 a »- ft a .H s ft > tn o3 •- I) 1^ 3 « .9 ■- bll p, > S J3 <^ ^ 03 2 .9 03 be 3 ^ IP -pa—;.. "= 1- 3 9 T3 bo 3 o ■" ?. IP IP a 5^ rt 03 a •p a 9 fe S § a S 5 2 o t* ID ;ua3 i3-< o» 00 i^nao Jtaj; — spijog Ul jB3ng ggibnpa'a ri CO rl C^ CO 0 0 38.50 33.59 ■XUSQ -ISd — noisjaAnj aiopg iB3ng auionpaH o o (N CO t^ OS rH t^ S '^ d ,-1 o ^aao aaj; ^spiiog jB3ng -u6 [vj ni qsy *-( c^ *-t o CO CO ^uao jaj — spiiog jB3ng-nof<[ ^ .-^ Oi — I — I o ,-1 T-l O ^aaO jaj — qsv r-H CO O <3 O o CO »-i CO r^ o o rH CH ^nao 13,1 — uon^iog Ul jan^re PROS 1-H CO ^ rt o 10 CO l-H Tl< e4 CO i-( CO o •iuao jaj -paxi^ 'spioy o o o o o <3 C^ 10 »o C5 O O o o luao jad: — ITStOX 'X^ippV jaqranfj Xjo^^joq^q o CO o OS .— ' t^ .-H (M CO 000 ^ CO 10 t- co c^ o o I INDEX PAGE Beers, Imitation, and Near Beers H Butter and Butter Substitutes 14 Chemical Fruit Preservatives 16 Canned Vegetables, Colored 9» 82 Cheeses and Substitutes 10, 22 Ciders and Imitation Ciders 24 Coffee and Coffee Substitutes 26 Copper Salts ^' ^2 Dealers and Manufacturers, Notice 9 Flour 22 Food Law, Extract from ^ Hearings under Food Law ^ Honey ^"^ Ice Cream and Ice Cream Substitutes 10, 54 Labeling Food Products ^ Lemon Extracts and Substitutes 60 Maple Sirups and Substitutes 66 Milk and Cream 68 Miscellaneous Samples 68 Molasses and Sirups "^^ Orange Extracts and Substitutes 82 Peas, Canned 82 Peppermint Extracts 84 Sirup and Molasses ^''^^ Standards and Regulations, Notes on 6 Sweet Oil 86 Sugar ^0 Vanilla Extracts ^2 Vinegar and Substitutes ^>^^ I THE BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA ,^7 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, RALEIGH. Vol. 33, No. 12. DECEMBER, 1912. Whole No, 178. ANNUAL REPORT OF FARMERS' INSTITUTES PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION. Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter, February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh. H. C. Carter Fairfield First District. K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District. R L. VVoodard Pamlico Third District. I. H. Kearney _ Franklinton Fourth District. R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District. A. T. McC.^LLUM.- Red Springs Sixth District. J. P. McR.4^E ...Laurinburg Seventh District. William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District. W. J. Shdford Hickory Ninth District. A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District. OFFICERS AND STAFF. VV. A. GRAHAM Commissioner. ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Miss B. W. Pescdd .Bookkeeper. D. G. Conn , Superintendent Bulletin. B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms. J. M. PiCKEL Assistant Chemist. W. G. H AY^ooD __ - .Fertilizer Chemist. G. M. M.^cNiDER Feed Chemist and Microscopist. L. L. Brinkley Assistant Chemist. E. L. WoRTHEN Soil Investigations. •W. E. Hearn Soil Survey. J. Q. Jackson t Assistant Chemist. J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist. S. O. Perkins Assistant Chemist. E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist. J. F. Hatch Clerk. F. S. Pcckett - Assistant to Director Test Farms. H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum. T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist. C. L. Metc.u-f Assistant Entomologist. S. C. Clapp -.Assistant Entomologist in Field Work. W. G. CHRISMAN - Veterinarian. B. B. Flowe._ Second Assistant Veterinarian. W. H. EATON Dairyman. A. M. Flanery Assistant Dairyman. W. N. HUTT Horticulturist. S. B. Sh.\.w Assistant Horticulturist. T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes. J. M. Gray Assistant Director of Farmers' Institutes. W. M. AT, T.F.N Pure Food Chemist. E. W. Thornton Assistant Pure Food Chemist. C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist. Miss O. I. TILLMAN Botanist. Miss S. D. Allen ..- Assistant to Botanist. J. L. BURGESS Agronomist. G. M. Garren ..Assistant Agronomist. fE. G. moss ..Cooperative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tE. H. Matheson.. Cooperative Assistant in Tobacco Investigations. tC. R. Hddson - Farm Demonstration Work. A. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Corn Club Work. R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rooky Mount, N. C. F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C. John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C. R. W. CoLLETT, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C. 'Assigned by the Bureau of SoUs, United States Department of Agriculture. fAssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Raleigh, N. C, November 15, 1912. Hon. W. a. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. Sir: — Herewith find my annual report of Fanners' and Women's Institutes for the current year. I recommend the same for the Decern- ber Bulletin. Respectfully, T. B. Parker, State Director of Farmers' Institutes. Approved for printing : W. A. Graham, Commissioner. 1. W. A. GnAHAM, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman. 2. H. C. Carter, First District. 4. R. L. Woodard, Third District. 3. K. W. Barnes. Second District. 5. I. H. Kearney, Fourth District. 6. Elias Carr, Secretary. MEMBERS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 1. J. p. McRae, Seventh District. 2. R. W. Scott, Fifth District. 2. A. T. McCallum, Sixth District. 4. William Bledsoe, Eighth District. 5. W. J. Shuford, Ninth District. 6. A. Cannon, Tenth District. MEMBERS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. i --^ 4 • L. '» 9J.... o 'y .0 1 ^x c o \- "< ^ ,- •' . ' 3'-- ^ -W'l V Jo* j 0 c tn aj E 3 o *3 ^ *3 m ^ c o HH tn "no o ^ 0) e ■«j> '+3 C t^ ^ rt ^ 3 3 U) bo o Oj « « o Selica Mrs. Hollowell, Mrs. Orr. Miss Webb, Miss Devane. Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Hudgins. Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Hudgins. Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Hudgins. Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Hudgins. Miss Ward, Miss Phelps. Miss Ward, Miss Phelps. Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward. Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward. Mrs. Hutt, MLss Ward. Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Hudgins. Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Hudgins. Miss Hudgins. Miss Webb, Miss Devane. Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward. Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward. Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward. Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward. Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward. Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward. Mrs. Hutt, Mi!3S Ward. Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward. Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Hudgins. Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Hudgins. Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Hudgins. Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Mrs. Hutt. Mrs. McKimmon. Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Mrs. McKimmon, Miss Ward. Miss Webb, Miss Devane. Miss Webb, Miss Devane. 28 The Bulletin. Women's Institutes, 1912. Date. July 29 Feb. 14 Aug. 10 Aug. 12 July 24 J.ily 27 July 22 July 23 Feb. 6 Feb. 13 Feb. 15 Sept. 17 Jan. 25 Jan. 26 Mar. G Mar. 7 Aug. 1 Aug. 2 Jan. 18 Feb. 15 Aug. 3 County. Transylvania- Tyrrell Union Union Vance. _ Vance Warren Warren _ Washington. - Washington- - Washington.- Watauga Wayne Wayne Wilkes.... Wilkes Wilkes -. Wilkes Wilson -- Wil.son -- Yadkin Location. Lecturers Furnished by the State. Penrose | Miss Webb, Miss Devane. Columbia Mrs. McKimmon, Miss Webb. Monroe - Miss Ward, Mi.ss Phelps. Waxhaw Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward. Floyd's Schoolhouse Miss Ward, Miss Phelps. Epsom Miss Ward, Miss Phelps. Littleton _. Miss Ward, Miss Phelps. Warrenton i Miss Ward, Miss Phelps. Plymouth Mrs. McKimmon, Miss Webb. Mackey's Ferry - .,- Mrs. McKimmon, Miss Webb. Creswell Mrs. McKimmon, Miss Webb. Boone Mrs. McKimmon, Miss Ward. Smith Chapel Mrs. Hollowel), Mrs. Orr. Pikeville-- '.. Mrs. Hollowell, Mrs. Orr. Wilkesboro -. Mrs. Hutt. Wilkesboro Mrs. McKimmon. Trap Hill Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Wilkesboro. Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. Rock Ridge Mrs. McKimmon, Miss Webb. Stantonsburg Mrs. Hollowell. Boonville Mrs. Orr, Miss Mundy. The Bulletin. 29 Lecturers and Subjects. Institute Lecturers, Women. Devane, Miss Mary Faison __- Teacher Goldsboro Graded Schools. HoLLOWELL, Mrs. Sue V.. HuTT, Mrs. W. N. HuDGiNs, Mi.ss Carrie Teacher in charge of the Primary Depart- ment of the Thomasville Orphanage. McKiMMON, Mrs. Charles — State Demonstrator in charge of the Girls' Tomato Clubs. MuNDY, Miss Liala Orr, Mrs. Emelie McG. Phelps, Miss Caroline Berry, Ward, Miss Jane E Webb, Miss Lucie T Teacher in Warren County Schools. 30 52 37 31 40 30 62 18 69 61 Subjects. Home Sanitation. Health on the Farm. Relation of Parents to the Public Schools. The Care of Infants. The Country Woman and Her Relation to Home and Community. The Health on the Farm. Household Helps. The Care and Training of Children. Bread-making. Best Methods of Cooking. Health Talks. Health on the Farm. Food and Dietetics. The Moral Training of Our Children. Household Economics. The Country Home. Time-saving Appliances. The Uses of the Fireless Cooker. COUNTY AND LOCAL WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS. The plan of organization of the Women's Institutes is the same as for men. A live, interested woman is selected for chairman, and she is given the assistance of the best committee that can be selected for that purpose. She and the other members of the committee are ex- pected to secure the cooperation of the progressive women of the com- munity in securing attendance at the institutes. List of Chairmen of Women's Institutes. County. Chairman of Committee. Post-office. Miss Mattie Johnson _ Mebane. Mrs. T. C. Amick Elon College. Miss Maude Iseley -- - Graham, R. 1. Mrs. L. M. Fox Taylorsville. Mrs. R. H. Hackler Sparta. Mrs. J. G. Boylan Wadesboro. Mrs. J. W. Kiker ' Polkton. Mrs. N. L. Ballou Jeflerson. Scottsville Mrs. Waddell Scottsville. 30 The Bulletin. List of Chairmen of Women's Institutes. County. Avery Bertie Bladen Buncombe Carbarrus Mount Pleasant. Harrisburg Caldwell Hudson Camden Caswell Catawba Sherrill's Ford.. Chatham Golds ton SilerCity Cherokee. Chowan.. Clay Brass town Cleveland Columbus Cumberland Currituck Davidson __. Wallburg Arcadia Holly Grove Denton Davie Duplin Calypso Durham Forsyth Tobaccoville Clemmons Kernersville Franklin Gaston Chairman of Committee. Post-office. MissMcIver - Banners Elk. Mrs. E. L. Catling Windsor. Mrs. Nicie Powell Bladenboro. Mrs. R. W. Collett.... Swannanoa. Mrs. D. B. Castor Concord. Mrs. J. H. C. Fa.shue - Mount Pleasant. Mrs. W. D. Harris... Harrisburg. Mrs. S. W. Fuller Lenoir. Mrs. T. G. Lutz ' Hudson. Mrs. E. I. Sawyer Camden. MissMattie Pullian ^ Leasburg. Mrs. J. W. Robinson i Newton. Mrs. W. E. Wilson Sherrill's Ford. Mrs. Ed. Farrington 1 Riggsbee. Mrs. Goldston ..' Goldston. Mrs. D. L. Webster ; SilerCity. __ ' Murphy. Mrs. D. G. Bond Edenton. Mrs. D. B. Ketrol -. Hayesville. Mrs. R. L. John-son Brasstown. Mrs. Fannie Warlick ' Casar. Mrs. E. H. Miller Chadbourn. Mrs. J. H. Currie... Miss Nettie Dozier. Mrs. B. E. Paine... Mrs. CM. Wall.... Mrs. M.E. Mock... Mrs. M. J. Lopp Fayetteville. Coinjock. Thomasville, R. 2. Wallburg. Enterprise, R. 1. Lexington, R. 2. Mrs. J. C. Grouse Cid. Mrs. Wiley Anderson. Mrs. P. C. Fussell Mrs. Hettie Barbee... Mrs. S. M. Suits Mrs. H. W. Johnson.. Mrs. Ida V. Doub.... Mocks ville. Rose Hill. Calypso. Durham. Winston-Salem. Tobaccoville. Mrs. T. W. Griffith Clemnnons. Mrs. George Echols Kernersville. Mrs. J. B. Fulghum j Louisbiu-g. Mrs. Peter Rhyne '• Gastonia. The Bulletin. 31 List of Chairmen of Women's Institutes. County. Granville Creedmoor Guilford Pleasant Garden.. McLeansville Jamestown Colfax Halifax Harnett Haywood Rock Hill Henderson Horse Shoe Hoke Iredell States ville Eupeptic Springs- Jaekson Johnston. ' Clayton Lee Chairman of Committee. Mrs. W. S. White. Post-office. Stovall. Mrs. W. E. Dalby ! Creedmoor. Mrs. T. D. Doggett Mrs. J. C. Noely Mrs. J. D. Whittington. Mrs. E. J. Coltrain Mrs. N. M. Gibbons Summerfield. Pleasant Garden. McLeansville. Jamestown. Colfax. Mrs. W. L. Wiggins ' Littleton. Mrs. S. H. Washburn. Mrs. T. W. Cathay... Mrs. James Boyd Mrs. Lewis CantrelL. Mrs. W. E. Brown Mrs. T. B. Upchurch. Mrs. J. J. McNeilly... Mrs. R. W. Orr Mrs. M. A. Morrows.. Mrs. R. M. Kelly Mrs. D. J. Wellons. . . Mrs. R. R. Gower Miss Lessie Perry Lenoir ! Mrs. B. L. Elmore. Lillington. Canton, R. 2. Waynesville, R.F.D.2 Dana. Horse Shoe. Raeford. Mooresville. States ville. Eupeptic Springs. Cullowhee. Smithfield. Clayton. Sanford. ICinston. Mrs. Hattie Edwards. Mrs. S. A. Whitaer... Li ncoln Low es ville Denver JVIacon I Mrs. Henry Slagle.. . Higdonville ! Miss Mary Lou Gray Otto I Mrs. D. P. Cabe Madison : Mrs. J. B. Huff I Marshall I Mrs. Cora Allison — Martin I Mrs. W. T. Taylor... McDowell Mrs. S. B. Tate Mrs. J. F. Hoover Reepsville. Old Fort. Mecklenburg. Pineville. Dixie Mitchell Montgomery. Star Mra. H. A. Westerman. Mrs. Hattie Bradford.. Mrs. J. L. Miller Mrs. Plato Price Stanley. Denver. Franklin, R. 1. Cullasaja. Otto. Mars Hill. Marshall. Robersonville. Bridgewater Old Fort. Huntersville. Pineville. Dixie. I Mrs. M. J. Bowditch Toocane. Mrs. R. F. Pool... Mrs. Jonah Leech. Troy. Star. 32 The Bulletin. List of Chairmen of Women's Institutes. County. Moore Eagle Springs... Cameron Aberdeen Onslow Orange Pamlico Pasquotank Perquimans Person Polk Randolph Asheboro Sophia Liberty... Richmond Hoffman _.. Robeson Rockingham Bethany Dan Valley Rowan _-. Rockwell China Grove Woodleaf Rutherford Scotland Stokes Walnut Cove Pilot Mountain, Westfield Elkin Swain Transylvania Tyrrell Union Vance Epsom Wake Chairman of Committee. PostofEce. Mrs. H. T. Sewell Mrs. C. R. Harris Mrs. M. L. McKeithan.. Mrs. Henry Page Mrs. J. E. Rhodes Mrs. Mack Efland Mrs. G. T. Farnell Mrs. R. N. Morgan Mrs. Carrie Perry Mrs. C. M. Winstead... Mrs. L. H.Cloud Mrs. C. C. Hubbards... Mrs. R. E. Macon Miss Jennie Bulla Mrs. C. E. Duncan Mrs. Hattie Ellerbe Mrs. M. L. Scarboro Mrs. W. C. Haxmer Mrs. J. C. Warringer Mrs. T. F. Humphreys. Mrs. J. T. Wall Miss Nannie Hart Mrs. Ellen Texler Mrs. John Fleming Mrs. C. H. Gilliam Mrs. J. L. Green Mrs. A. McNeill Mrs. George Neal Mrs. W. L. Vaughn Mrs. R. E. L. Flippen.. Mrs. S. P. Christian Mrs. J. A. Park Mrs. F. M. Smiley Mrs. C. C. Duckworth. Mrs. C. W. Swain Mrs. T. J. W. Broome.. Mrs. J. W. Floyd Mrs. John Gill Mrs. A. C. Hughes Carthage. Eagle Springs. Cameron. Aberdeen. Richlands. Efiand. Bayboro. Elizabeth City. BelviderC. Roxboro. Columbus. Farmer. Kempe Mill. Sophia. Liberty. Rockingham. Hoffman. Max ton. Ruffin. Wentworth. Stoneville. Mooresville. Rockwell. China Grove. Woodleaf. Rutherfordton. Laurinburg. Campbell. Walnut Cove. Pilot Mountain. Westfield. Elkin. Bryson City. Selica. Jerry. Monroe. Henderson, R. 4. i Epsom. I . I Apex. The Bulletin. 33 List of Chairmen of Women's Institutes. County. Chairman of Committee. Post-office. Mrs. W. A. Connell Warrenton. T.ittlpton Mrs. L. W. Bagley..- Littleton. Wn c:h 1 n crirtn Mrs. B. F. SpruilL-- --- Creswell. Mrs. Council - Boone. Mrs. H. H. Overman.. . Eureka. Wilkes Mrs. B. S. Call Wilkesboro. Tran Hill Mrs. Myrtle S. Bryan Trap HUl. Mrs. A. S. Speer Boonville. Women's Farm Life Convention. Mrs. Charles McKimmon. Secretary . Raleigh, N. C. 3 — December 34 The Bulletin. DEMONSTRATION RAILWAY CARS. Again this year the State Department of Agriculture has operated a Demonstration Train for institute work. This train was furnished bj the Seaboard Air Line Railway. During the past summer seventeen of these Demonstration Institutes were held. The train consisted of a passenger coach fitted up with an oil stove, kitchen cabinet, sink, ice box, together with cooking utensils of modern design intended to lighten women's work in the kitchen ; and an express car in which agricultural implements were exhibited. In the passenger coach the women held their meetings, delivered lectures, and demonstrated the uses of the various cooking utensils, served lunches, etc. The following manufacturers, whom I consider reliable, and who will be glad to answer questions in regard to their wares, have con- tributed to the institute train : The Coe-Mortimer Company, Charleston, S. C. Fertilizers. The Johnston Harvester Company, Batavia, N. Y. Agricultural Implements. Job p. "Wyatt &: Sons Company, Ealeigh, W. C. Agricultural Im- 'plements. The Bateman Manufacturing Company, Greenloch, IN". J. Culti- vators. Raney Canning Company, Chapel Ilill, N. C. Cannery. Standard Oil Company, Baltimore, Md. Oil Stoves, Heaters, and Lamps. EoYALL & Borden Company, Raleigh, I^. C. Kitchen Cabinet. Western Implement Company, Port Washington, Wis. Riding Plow Attachments. Hart- Ward Hardware Company, Raleigh, N. C. (for Landers, Frary & Clark). Bread Mixer, Cake Mixer, Meat Chopper, Coffee Percolator. William Campbell & Company, Detroit, Mich. Fireless Cooher. Manson-Campbell Company, Detroit, Mich. Fireless Cooker. The Bulletin. 35 ORCHARD DEMONSTRATIONS. During the spring of 1912 Apple Spraying and Pruning Demonstra- tions were conducted along the line of former years. Each demonstra- tion was held in the orchard and witnessed by the farmers of the community who were interested in the work. In some instances they came several miles to attend the demonstration. The work was done by the cooperation of the Divisions of Horti- culture and Entomology, the Division of Horticulture doing the pruning and the Division of Entomology doing the spraying. These meetings were as follows : Date. Owner of Orchard. County. Post-office Address. March 5 n T) T^rlhpttpr Robeson Red Springs. March 7 i D. L. Peacock . March 9 A.S.Webb March 12 George Ferrall . March 14 ; Orphan Asylum . March 16 James M. Field.. March 18 W. M. Gunn March 19 G. L. Earnhardt. March20 J. W. Setzer March 21 i John Dickson March 23 i E. H. Squires. Johnston \ Benson. Warren Warren Plains. Wake - Raleigh. Granville Oxford. Guilford - ' Climax. Rockingham --- [ Wentworth, R. No. 1. Cabarrus - Concord. Catawba i Claremont. Burke. - -'] Morganton. Wilkes - Oakwooda. 36 The Bulletin. FARMERS' AND WOMEN'S NORMAL INSTITUTE FOR INSTITUTE LECTURERS July 16-17, 1912, High School Building, Raleigh, N. C. PROGRAM. First session convened Tuesday, July 16th, at 10 o'clock. Called to order by T. B. Tarker, State Director of Institutes. MEN'S MEETING. Address — "Rational Treatment of Soil for Crops." M. E. Sherwin, Professor of Soils, N. C. College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Discussion. Address — "Lime and Its Economic Use." C. B. "Williams, Assistant Director, Experiment Station. ^. Discussion. Paper — "Stable Manure." E. S. Millsaps, Demonstration Agent (District). Discussion. Afternoon Session. Address — "Legumes and How to Grow Them." C. L. Newman, Professor of Agriculture, N. C. College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Discussion. Address — "Seed Selection." C. B. Williams, Assistant Director, N. C. Experi- ment Station. ^. Discussion. Address — "Corn Culture." C. R. Hudson, Demonstration Agent for North Carolina. ^. Discussion. Evening Session. Paper — "Small Grain Growing in North Carolina." G. M. Garren, Assistant Agronomist, State Department of Agriculture. Discussion. Morning Session, July 17. Address — "The Profitable Use of Commercial Fertilizers." B. W. Kilgore, Director N. C. Experiment Station. Discussion. Address — "Requirements for Profitable Live-stock Farming." W. G. Chris- man, State Veterinarian. Discussion. Address — "Where Live-stock Farming is Not Advisable." G. A. Roberts, Veterinarian, N. C. College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Discussion, The Bulletin. 37 Address— "Commercial Potato Growing." S. B. Shaw, Assistfint Horticul- turist, State Department of Agriculture. Discussion. Address — "Farm Dairying." J. C. McNutt, Professor of Animal Husbandry, N. C. College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Discussion. Address— "Some Troublesome Plant Diseases and Their Remedies." H. R. Fulton, Pathologist, N. C. College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, WOMEN'S MEETING. Demonstration— Breads. Mrs. Chables McKimmon. Paper — "Corn Breads." Miss Jane Ward. Discussion. Address— "The Health of North Carolina." Dr. W. S. Rankin. Discussion. Address — "The Hookworm." Dr. J. A. Ferrell. Discussion. Address— "Our Drinking Water." Dr. C. A. Shore. Aftfjjngon Session. (Called to order at 3 o'clock.) Address— "Prevention of Blindness in Children." Mr. John E. Ray. Discussion. Address— "Three Absolutely Preventable Diseases : Tuberculosis, Typhoid, and Malaria." Dr. Delia Dixon Carroll. Discussion. Paper — "Home Sanitation." Miss Katharine Parker. Discussion. Papers by Institute Lecturers. General Discussion. Morning Session, Jlt:-y 17. (Called to order at 9 o'clock.) Demonstration— The Fireless Cooker. Miss Lucie T. Webb. Discussion. Papers by Institute Lecturers. General Discussion. PROGRAM TENTH ANNUAL FARf^ERS' STATE CONVENTION AND ROUND-UP INSTITUTE AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE, WEST RALEIGH, N. C, AUGUST 27, 28, AND 29, 1912. OFFICERS. W. J. Shuford , Hickory President R. P. Hayes Aslieville First Vice President J. A. Boone, Jr Macon ficcond Vice President I. O. ScHAUB Wost Kaloigh Secretary-Treasurer Mrs. Charles McKimmon Raleigh President Women's Section The Bulletin. 41 PROGRAM. TUESDAY, AUGUST 27, 1912. FARM CROPS DAY. 10 :30 A. M. — Greetings. Commissioner W. A. Graliam, President D. H. Hill. Quality as Compared with Yield Per Acre of Tobacco. E. G. Moss, Granville County. Soil Conservation. Prof. C. L. Goodrich, U. S. Department Agriculture. How I Produced 235 Bushels of Corn on One Acre. Charlie Parker, Jr., Hertford County. Dinner. 1 :45 P. M. — Phosphate Rock as a Source of Phosphoric Acid. Dr. C. G. Hopkins, Illinois Experiment Station. Address. Prof. W. F. Massey, Progressive Farmer. 4 :30 P. M. — Plowing Demonstration on College Farm. 7 :30 P. M.^ — Address. W. J. Shuford, President of the Convention. Address. Bradford Knapp, Special Agent in Charge of Farmers' Cooperative Demonstration Work, United States Department of Agriculture. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 28, 1912. LIVE-STOCK DAY. 9 :00 A. M. — Parade and Inspection of College Live Stock. 9:30 A. M.— Hog Cholera and Its Prevention. Dr. B. B. Flowe, State De- partment of Agriculture. Dairying as a Business. Helmer Rabild, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. The Merits of the Guernsey Cow. Prof. E. A. Bishop, Ameri- can Guernsey Cattle Club. Berkshire Breeding in North Carolina. E. B. Moore, Mecklen- burg County. Dinner. 1 :30 P. M.— Second Annual Sale of Pure-bred Berkshire Hogs, by the North Carolina Berkshire Breeders' Association. 7:30 P. M. — Business session of the Convention. Business session of the Berkshire Association. Business session of the State Live-stock Association. THURSDAY, AUGUST 29, 1912. ECONOMIC DAY. 9:30 A. M.— Cow Testing Associations. Helmer Rabild, United States De- partment of Agriculture. Relation of the Banking System to the Farmer. Joseph G. Brown, President of the Citizens National Bank, Raleigh, N. C. Torrens System of Registering Laud Titles. J. W. Bailey, Raleigh, N. C. I 42 The Bulletin. PROGRAM OF WOMEN'S SECTION. 1. Mrs. Mary Evans Dillard of Lynchburg, Va. Lessons on the food value and the proper cooking of meats. The reasons for eating more varied vegetables and the best ways of preparing and cooldng them. 2. The art of bread-making, with demonstration of quick rolls. 3. Demonstration of quick biscuits. Mrs. Nellie Price. 4. Making of Tea. Coffee, and Chocolate. Mrs. W. N. Ilutt. 5. Salads — Demonstration. Mrs. Nellie Price. C. Cake-making — Demonstration. Miss Ix)uise Mahler. 7. Demonstration — Paper Bag Cooking. Miss Katharine Parker of Simmons College. 8. Demonstration — Fireless Cooker. Miss Jane Ward. 9. Home Dressmaking Demonstration — Cutting and Fitting. Mrs. Charles McKimmon. 10. Care of Throat and Nose; Injury Done Children by. Adenoids. Dr. John A. Ferrell. 11. Raising Poultry for Market, Best Breeds — How to Market Eggs and Chickens. 12. Beautifying the Country Home Grounds with Native Shrubs and Flowers. Mr. Jacques Busbee. 13. The Girls' Tomato Clubs, with demonstration of canning by girls of Wake County Club. 14. A talk by Dr. Hubert Royster. 15. Woman's Work in North Carolina. Mrs. W. R. Hollowell. The Bulletin. 43 TENTH ANNUAL FARMERS' STATE CONVENTION. The first meeting was held on Tuesday morning, August 27, 1912, in the auditorium of the State Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ealeigh. The Convention was called to order by President Shuford. Mr. Shuford said: We are very glad indeed to have such a good crowd with us this morning, and to see so many representative farmers from all sections of the State. We have come together to see if we can help to improve farming conditions in North Carolina. The first thing on our program is a greeting by Major Gra- ham. Commissioner of Agriculture. Major Graham spoke as follows: I bid you welcome to this session of our Convention. I congratulate you upon the advance which you and your brother farmers have made in your work during the past three or four years. In corn and cotton culture the farming of no State surpasses yours, while the advance in grain and forage is also notable. As eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, so constant attention to his business is the price which the farmer must pay for success. There is no place for rest, nor for retirement, if we wish to accomplish all that is desired. I hope that your deliberations will proA'e pleasant and profitable, that the fine seasons you have brought us extend to your homes, and that upon your return you will find your crops refreshed and invigorated as your minds will be by the thoughts and suggestions which you will contribute or receive from your association here. The Department is at your service. Visit the Museum knd see some samples of the State's products ; also see how seeds, feed, food, and oils are inspected; how serum for the vaccination of hogs is prepared and administered, and any other work of the Department which may be interesting to you. You will find the Agricultural Building a good place to rest when you go downtown, and you will be always welcome. Dr. D. H. Hill, president of A. and M. College, welcomed the mem- bers of the Convention as follows : It is said that when a Chinaman welcomes a distinguished guest, he says to him, "Everything here is yours." I just want to say to you that everything here is yours, except some of the women around here. They belong to us. Now, gentlemen, we want you to feel entirely at home; we want you to go where you please, when you please. Wherever there is a door open, and you want to* go in, why. go in. We want you to feel just as much at home as at your own home. We "have tried to build up some since you were here last time; we are just finishing the new animal building and the new dining-room. They will be entirely finished by the time you get back another year. We certainly appreciate having such a large crowd with us this year. I' hope this meeting will grow from year to year until It cannot get indoors here, and will have to be held outdoors. There is nothing more cheering than to see the improvement year by year in farming. Our people are getting more intelligent, talking more, comparing notes more, calling on all sorts of agencies for help. Production in the United States is now 25 per cent behind growth in popu- lation. That means that there is a big job for some one in closing up that gap. If we are making 2.5 per cent less, it means that we have to do better farming, we have to reclaim our waste lands, we have to make material cheaper, and we have to sell better. It means that all the farmers have to study methods as 44 The Bulletin. never l>efore. Nobody is makiug any more land, of course ; it all has to be .done out of the old land. The object of this meeting is to put our heads together, our shoulders together, our ideas of every sort together, to meet the great problem of feeding this great world, of clothing this great world. Every- where there have been similar gatherings. I hope ours will be the biggest of all. We want you gentlemen to take part in every discussion, and don't hesitate to ask questions. Pop up in your seat, tell your name, and ask your question. If we cannot answer it, we will say so; if we can, we will do the best we can to help you. Say anything that comes into your mind that has a bearing on the subject. We are not here to hear any general talk, and our program has been devoted to specialties. Major Graham and I were asked to confine ourselves to two minutes, so as to give the agriculturists more time ; but I wish to say this : We want j^ou to feel that this is your headquarters whenever you are in Raleigh. RELATION OF QUALITY TO YIELD OF TOBACCO PER ACRE. E. G. Moss, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture. The tobacco crop is perhaps one of the most highly specialized crops that is grown extensively. It is a crop that under favorable conditions can be made very profitable; at the same time, under adverse conditions, will prove to be very unprofitable. The reason why the chances for a profitable crop of tobacco are so much greater than the other field crops is the fact that both quality and yield must be considered, and the first consideration in all tobacco is quality. The majority of the field crops are grown for their seed or grain, but tobacco is grown primarily for its leaf, and anything that affects this leaf, either directly or indirectly, has a tendency to injure its value. I want to talk with you a few minutes about the relation of quality to yield per acre. What I have to say applies more particularly to the bright flue-cured tobacco, such as grown in North and South Carolina and a portion of Virginia, but to a very large extent is equally applicable to the heavier types. By quality, as referred to tobacco generally, is meant everything that gives it commercial value, which, of cour.se, means texture, gum, elasticity, color, aroma, burn and physical condition. So, on the face of it, we can readily appreciate some of the difliculties that arise when the tobacco farmer tries to increase his yield in pounds per acre. In the corn crop you can take a piece of land, plow it deep, pile on all the barn-lot manure you want, or turn under a legume crop, fertilize heavy, and plant the corn, and no doubt you will double or treble the yield, and also have better corn. While, if we do this with tobacco, we would get an increase in pounds, but the decrease in value, due to an extremely poor quality, will be greater than the value obtained in the increase of yield. Consequently, from the immetliate crop, we not only fail to get pay for the additional work and manure, but liave lost money by using it. Now to bring this to figures, we will assume the average yield per acre is 700 pounds, and the tobacco sells for 20 cents per pound or $140 per acre. By heavy manuring and injudicious fertilizing, we get 1,400 pounds per acre, which will ordinarily bring not over 9 cents per pound, or .$126, re- sulting in a loss of .$14 per aci-e in actual value. However, we are satisfied that the yield per acre may be materially increased, yet, at the same time, retain what gives it commercial value, namely, quality; and from time to time we hope to demonstrate this to the farmer in such a way that he will adopt the methods that prove to be the very best for his particular locality. From experimental data, the indications are that there are several sources from which the nitrogen is derived that do not give the best results when used under tobacco, and freecified in the contract that it shall come from the sulphate. However, we cannot put all the blame on the manufacturer, as the mixing is a business proposition The BuLLETiii. 45 with them. If the tobacco farmers will demand that only sulphate of potash be used in all tobacco fertilizers, and are willing to pay the additional cost, which should not be over 50 cents to $1 per ton, then I am satisfied the majoritj' of the manufacturers would be only too glad to comply with the demand. A better method still would be to have a law passed reciuiriug all fertilizers, labeled for tobacco, to contain no potash from any other source than the sulphate. This would not injure the manufacturer and would greatly benefit the tobacco farmer, not only individually, but the tobacco industry as a whole. The complaints that are continually coming in about the poor burning qualities of the flue-cured tobacco, and particularly the new belt tobacco, threatens to be a serious menace to the tobacco crop in the flue-cured district. This, of course, is assuming that a large number of farmers will continue to buy a ready-mixed fertilizer instead of buying high-grade materials and mix- ing for themselves. Now, as I have tried to point out some of the difficulties that confront the farmer when he tries to make a big yield of tobacco, such as manuring inju- diciously, the use of nitrates, such as are obtained from legumes and other sources from which the nitrogen is derived which are not suitable for tobacco, I am going to offer a few suggestions based on results that we have obtained and which would seem to be worth trying out. It is well to bear in mind that the fundamental i-equirement in increasing the yield of any tobacco is the large supply of humus with a liberal application of fertilizer. To obtain this humus, it should come from the right liind of organic matter sufficiently rotted to be of value in conserving the moisture in and improving the physical condi- tion of the soil and rendering available some of the latent plant foods therein. To bring about this condition a large amount of stable manure may be em- ployed if used under some other crop or put out on the land long enough before transplanting to allow the manure to become thoroughly rotted and incorporated with the soil or by the use of legume crops plowed under and followed by some clean cultivated crop, such as cotton or corn, preceding tobacco. However, it must be remembered that stable manure is not a balanced fertilizer, and when used in large amounts a liberal quantity of phosphate should be added. In fact, every effort should be made to keep tobacco land in as nearly the same condition physically as the virgin soil. One of the best and safest of all methods of increasing the humus supply for the tobacco crop is the growing of grasses for hay. All tobacco farmers know the benefit to be derived from allowing the land to grow up in weeds or rest for tobacco. Substantially the same or even better results are obtained by seeding the land to grass. Next, fall-sown wheat and particularly oats are valuable, for they furnish a winter cover crop; they shade the land well and the stubble adds a great deal of humus. Rye is also an excellent cover crop and contributes to the humus supply. However, to obtain the best results with rye, it should be sown as early in the fall as is practicable, and plowed under early enough in the spring to allow it to become thoroughly rotted before the tobacco is transplanted. If not, a poor stand may be obtained, and a late, irregular crop. The various crops mentioned can best be utilized for building up the humus supply of the soil by following properly arranged systems of rotation. We would suggest the following as a good four-year rotation : First year, tobacco well fertilized, followed by crimson clover in the fall. Second year, corn after turning under the crimson clover in the spring, the corn to be fertilized with acid phosphate in drill, and nitrate of soda applied as top dressing, cowpeas sown in corn at last cultivation, wheat or oats seeded in corn land in the fall. Third year, wheat or oats to be given top dressing in the spring, the stubble to be plowed thoroughly, 300 or 400 pounds of acid phosphate added and sown to peas broadcast. The pea-vines to be plowed under in the fall, unless they can be fed to good cattle and manure properly saved and put back on the land, then seeded to grass. A mixture of 10 pounds each of timothy, red-top, and sapling clover has given excellent results. Before seeding to grass, lime should be added, also 300 pounds or 400 pounds of some good fertilizer. Fourth year, the grass should be top dressed with 150 pounds to 200 pounds of nitrate of soda in the spring and cut for hay, the sod plowed under in the fall and seeded to rye. In the fifth year the land will come back in tobacco for the second time. 46 The Bulletin. The corn is made to follow tobacco rather than precede it, for the reason that it is a clean-cultivated and exhaustive crop and does not leave the land in good condition for tobacco. By allowing the grass to remain on the land for two years will, perhaps, give better results, thus making the rotation five years instead of four. We regard the growing of grass especially important and valuable, for it furnishes excellent hay at small cost and is one of the best methods of obtaining the right sort of humus for tobacco. A three-year rotation, which is followed in some sections, is : First year, tobacco, followed by wheat or oats in the fall ; second year, wheat or oats followed by cowpeas turned under and crimson clover seeded in the fall ; third year, corn planted after crimson clover is turned under, cowpeas sown at last cultivation of corn and rye seede lOO POUNDS of eooh Of the -Following 50IL5 when ,'oATtj RATED HE'LD -the feUpwing omount-5 of WATER iWFLUKliCE OF 5Y5TEM5 OF FAKMIHG OH 50IL5 Hinngaoto Prmrie Tfirrrx «>YSTEM 35 VRS). POTATIOH & MANURE 35VRS 6RAIH HUMU5 per cent CROP VIELD per acre. WHEAT esbu. ebt 35YR5 ROTATION 35 YR5 GRAIN HUMU>3 WATEIRHELO i&0% 3S/5 Chakt 2. The Bulletin". 49 Yet we go over this State and find farmers who are producing 40, 60, SO, 100, or more bushels of corn to the acre, and others producing a full bale, a bale and a half, or In some places two bales of cotton to the acre. Why this dif- ference between the average yield per acre for the State and these magnificent yields producetl on some of our farms? Is it not that the average farmer is not skillful in controlling fertility in the soil? I am led to think that this is the case; and why? It seems to me, and I think you will bear me out, that the average farmer in the State of North Carolina — and we can extend this observation throughout the entire South— has not the right idea of fertility in the soil. He seems to think that fertility in the soil means the presence of plant food in the soil, or that it means the commercial fertilizer that he pours into the soil often in quantities much larger than are necessary to produce the crops that his soil can grow. Now, that is a very narrow idea of fertility. Fertility means much more than that. WHAT IS FERTILITY ! Fertility means the presence in the soil of those conditions which are neces- sary to the growth and development of plant roots. Your crop above the soil is dependent upon the growth and development of the roots down in the soil, out of sight. We usually give these roots too little thought. These roots, as I said, need certain conditions for their growth and development — moisture, plant food, air, heat, and the absence of acid or disease or anything that would tend to injure their growth. Then in every soil that grows the best crops we find large numbers of germs or bacteria which are at work helping to bring about the conditions necessary for root growth. If we would get the best crops we must control every one of these conditions needed by the root. The pres- ence of these conditions in the soil constitutes fertility. A fertile soil, then, is one well supplied with moisture, with plant food; a soil which is well ventilated, which is sanitary, and well supplied with germ life. We must control every condition if we would get best results. There are many ways of doing this. Every operation performed on the land, whether it be plowing, harrowing, fertilizing, cultivating, practicing a given cropping system, or whatever it may be, influences in some way these conditions or factors of fertility; and whenever we go to perform such an operation on the land we should take thought as to its influence on fertility, and act accordingly. To-day I want to call your attention to just one way to control fertility, to an agent which is the most powerful agent at the command of the farmer for the control of fertility in the soil. That agent is decaying vegetable matter or humus. We know that our soils are made up of sand, clay, and decaying vegetable matter. What is the attitude of these soil ingredients toward the factors of fertility? You know that sand does not hold water well. Rain falling on sand leaches through it, taking plant food with it, and crops on sandy soil suffer from lack of moisture during dry weather. When rain falls on clay it does not sink in readilv. If there is any slope to the land the water runs off, carrying soil and plant food with it. Decaying vegetable matter is porous and spongelike and capable of absorbing and holding large quantities of water. I'ut into a sandy soil, it closes up the large pores and helps the sand to hold more water. Put into clay land, it makes it more open and porous and helps it to take in and hold water. In closing up the sand it also checks excessive ventilation ; but it opens up the clay and admits more air, improving the ven- tilation of the clay. So we see that decaying vegetable matter is very useful in controlling the moisture and ventilation factors of fertility in the soil. Soil well supplied with vegetable matter will grow crops through dry seasons much better than soils deficient in this ingredient. Sand and clay contain plant food that is not readily available. Humus or decaying vegetable matter, which is plant tissue itself, is comparatively rich in plant food. The nitrogen or ammonia in your soils is contained very largely in the decaying vegetable matter or humus. A soil well supplied with humus is well supplied with nitrogen. This humus as it decays produces certain acids which act on the potash and other compounds of plant food locked up in the clay and sand, setting free the plant foods so the crops can use them. It is in the humus of the soil that the bacteria which make up the important 4 — December 60 The Bulletin, Chart 3. inFLUEHCE OF 5Y5TEM5 OF FARMING on COrni YIELDS) CORN 189 5 7^\GGO 3.1 % ■ Corn Yields. 50 CORN I89G CORM in Rotdiion ons ,ain /^.fconSk 44- CQRli in ROTATIOn Corn lodt priarce soil m Illinois VIELD3 At Beginrnng. AFTER €> Nfears Corn 7 NfeorS ROTATIOIS Corn OOJfo, O/oVar- ©Years Oori-i 300f~artihx.a.r^6.00 C>^feors Corrv 7 Years CORN <§. FERTILIZER *>V£50 70 bu 35bu G9bu I 94 by Chart 4. The Bulletin. 51 germ-life factor of fertility live. So you see that if we keep our land well supplied with humus we are to a certain degree controlling the moisture factor, the plant-food factor, the ventilation factor, and the germ-life factor of fer- tility in the soil. I consider the moisture factor of fertility the most important to the plant grower, for it is the one most difficult to control, and I want to call your attention to a chart showing the relative power of humus over moisture as compared with sand, clay, and other soil mixtures. (See Chart 1.) One hundred pounds of each kind of soil was taken in a perfectly dry state. It was then filled with water until it would hold no more. It was found that 100 pounds of sand held 25 pounds of water, or 25 per cent of its weight. A mixture of sand and clay held 40 pounds of water. A strong clay held 50 pounds. De- caying vegetable matter or humus held 190 pounds of water, or almost twice its own weight. A cultivated soil with some humus in it will hold more moisture than the sand or clays, while a garden soil well supplied with humus held nearly its own weight of water. You see from this the power of humus over the moisture factor of fertility. Humus is always undergoing decay and wasting from the soil, unless it be perfectly dry or frozen solid. How are we going to keep up the supply of humus in the soil? Stable manure is an excellent source of humus, but we have not the live stock on our farms to produce the manure necessary to keep up the needed supply of humus over the entire farm. We must raise crops to turn into the soil to keep up the supply of this most powerful agent for the control of fertility. Small grains, buckwheat, corn, grass, or any similar crop help; but there is another class of crops with which you are familiar — cow- peas, soy beans, clovers, and vetches — which are more valuable for this pur- pose. You are familiar with the action of these crops, the way they get the nitrogen out of the soil air through the aid of little germs or bacteria which live in the characteristic nodules or tubercles which grow on their roots. I want to show you results obtained by growing these nitrogen-gathering crops in rotation with the other crops of the farm, for we must grow them in rota- tion in order' that each field may be benefited. I want to take you to some experiment stations and show the results which have been obtained there. Then I want to go with you to some farms and show you what has occurred there from growing these leguminous or nitrogen-gathering crops in rotation with the othor crops of the farm. I am going to take you over the country, out to Minnesota and Illinois, to South Carolina, to Maryland, to Florida and Arkansas, to show you that these principles and facts are universal. They apply and must be followed everywhere that crops are raised if best results are to be obtained. The next chart (No. 2) is one representing conditions found on two farms by the Minnesota Experiment Station. The station was studying methods of farm management. The staff found two farms lying side by side on the same soil formation which had been under tillage for thirty-five years. When they were first tilled the yield of wheat on both these farms was 25 bushels per acre. At the end of the thirty-five years, one farm was still making 25 bushels of wheat per acre; the other farm gave only 8 bushels per acre. Why had the yield dropped off on this farm? The soil was examined, and it was found that the soil of the first farm held a much larger amount of humus. The second farm had been so managed that the humus had been wasted. What was the result? The water-holding power of the soil was cut down on the second farm and control was lost over the other factors necessary to root growth, with the result that the yield ran down on the second farm to one-third the origmal yield. What caused this difference in the humus content of the soil of the two farms'? It was found that the first farmer had adopted a rotation of crops consisting of corn, small grain, and red clover. Live stock were raised on this farm being fed on the roughage and some of the grain, the manure going back on the land In this way the supply of new nitrogen-bearing humus was kept up by turning into the soil the stubble and roots of the clover, the manure from stock fed on clover hay and other products of the farm. In this way the farmer was enabled to control conditions necessary for root growth. The other farm was run as a straight grain farm. By the waste of humus, con- 52 The Bulletin. Chabt 5. CORIi m ROTATIOli - On Loose Sands of FloridO VIET.DS At Beginning ^^^^^^^H 5 bu Corn cowpcas ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 15 Du. Loom.y 5oil in Arkansas. 15 bu ATTERCORH WBt^KK^ cowpEAs ^^^^^HJHHHHHjjj^^l 1 40 bu COTTOn in ROTATIOri — On Loorrvy5oil in Arhon3aS AFTER CORfS (SCOTTOM ^HHB 5 bole H^miJiB "k bale CCW PEAS & ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 300 ^^^^^^^^^^^^™ ^ bale Pl^NVV/pp A <», /i, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 1 1 bole - 1 Chakt 6. The Bulletin. 53 trol was lost of those factors of fertility or conditions necessary for the growth of roots, with the result that the crop yield ran down to one-third. Chart 3 : This chart represents results obtained in Minnesota on a piece of land in which there was a certain quantity of humus and a certain quantity of nitrogen. The yield of corn was 50 bushels to the acre, A part of that land was run to corn straight, for four years, with the result that by 1896, the fourth year of corn, the humus in the soil had decreased. There was a loss of 3 tons of vegetable matter or humus to the acre, with a corresponding loss of 600 pounds of nitrogen, and a reduction in yield from 50 to 44 bushels per acre. Adjoining this, a part of the land was put into a rotation consisting of oats, clover, barley, and corn. The clover hay, other roughage, and some grain were fed to stock, and the manure, 4i^ tons per acre, was put into the soil of the corn plat. The result was that there was a gain of three-fourths of a ton per acre in humus, and a corresponding gain of 40 pounds of nitrogen, and an increase of crop yield to 67 bushels. Chart 4 : This represents some very interesting and valuable work done by Dr. Hopkins in Illinois. Corn was planted on a piece of corn-belt prairie land which had been in pasture for a number of years. At the beginning the yield was 70 bushels per acre. That was a pretty good piece of land. On a part of that farm corn was grown for thirteen years in succession, with no other crop, and the result was that control over fertility was lost to the extent that the yield was reduced to practically one-half the original yield, or 35 bushels. On an adjoining section corn and miscellaneous crops had been grown for six years, also reducing the yield. Then a rotation was introduced — corn, oats, and clover. At the end of seven years of this rotation the average yield of three crops of corn was 69 bushels to the acre, nearly the original yield. This was run as a grain farm, grain being taken from the crops and the residue turned into the soil ; and thus the fertility of the land and the crop yield was very nearly maintained. On an adjoining part of the farm, when the same rotation was run under a system of live-stock farming, the manure produced by feeding the crops was returned to the land and the yield of corn averaged si bushels per acre. On another part of the farm the same i-otation was carried on, with an addition of lime equivalent to one-half ton per acre every five years, plus an annual application of 200 pounds of steamed bone-meal and 100 pounds of potassium sulphate, the fertilizer costing altogether $6 per acre. The average yield of corn for the last three years with the grain-growing system was 94 bushels and with the stock-farming system 96 bushels. On an adjoining part, where corn was grown continuously for six years and the yield reduced, an attempt was made to increase it by the use of commercial fertilizer alone. After seven years had passed, the average yield for the last three years was found to be 66 bushels, but the annual cost for fertilizer was $42.56 per acre. This chart shows that the constant cultivation of one crop tends to weaken the control over fertility, and consequently to reduce the crop-yielding power of the soil. It shows that better results are obtained from growing nitrogen- gathering clover in rotation with other crops, that an attempt to control fertility by means of commercial fertilizer without the addition of humus to the soil is too expensive and unsatisfactory, and that a combination of a crop rotation embracing a nitrogen-gathering legume, supplemented by a judicious quantity • of commercial fertilizer, was the best means of controlling fertility and increas- ing crop yields. The commercial fertilizer was made more powerful and efficient when used in soil well supplied with new nitrogen-bearing humus. Chart 5 represents results on a farm of loose, white sand in Florida. Dur- ing the first year the owner got 5 bushels of corn to the acre. He introduced a rotation — corn, with cowpeas planted at the last working, followed by rye in the winter, followed by velvet beans. The rye and velvet beans were grazed off in the winter by cattle. The land received no manure, except that dropped by the cattle when grazing on it. and no commercial fertilizer. The result was that the yield had come up to 15 or 20 bushels per acre at the time I saw it. These were not ver.v large yields as yet, but they show the truth of the principle that filling the soil with decaying vegetable matter enables the farmer to get control of fertility and increase his crop yields. 54 The Bulletin. Chart 7. FERTILIZER VIELD OF COTTOli. PER ACRE PER ACRE 1575 Poandg. i. 2. £7 Bol€s. >d06^H||||H||||||||||[ ^^ TERTILIZER ^lELD OF CORH PER ACRE PKR ACRE 700 RDunds 3o Bushels- k9oe. n^mnj^mn ■■^^ 5ooR3tincs idoA j^HHI ^^■■^^ 5oo Pounds- S5 Bushels. >®c>7 ^|B9^| bHH[|H[Bu^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I Chabt 8. The Bulletin. 55 The lower part of this chart represents results on a loamy soil in Arkansas. This piece of land had been in corn and cotton for years. When it changed hands, the new owner obtained a yield of 15 bushels of corn per acre the first year. He introduced a rotation and began growing cowpeas. After the first crop of peas, the pea-vines having been taken off as hay, and the stubble and roots being turned into the ground, he obtained a yield of 35 to 40 bushels of corn per acre. Chart 6 shows results with cotton on the same Arkansas farm. The first year the new owner harvested a quarter of a bale of cotton per acre. After one crop of cowpeas, the vines of which were cut for hay, and stubble and roots turned under, the cotton yield went to one-half a bale. After one crop of cowpeas and 300 pounds of commercial fertilizer, the yield went to three- quarters of a bale. On that same farm a part of the land was put into cowpeas and red clover for two years, then planted to cotton, and without one pound of commercial fertilizer or one shovelful of stable manure the yield on that part of the farm was one bale to the acre. If some fertilizer had been used, the yield would probably have been one and one-half or two bales to the acre. The people who had been farming this land had failed to control fertility. What the land needed was nitrogen-bearing decaying vegetable matter. By putting it into the soil the new owner was enabled to control fertility to such an extent that he got these increased yields of cotton and corn. Charts 7 and 8 represent results on a farm of sandy loam in South Carolina. Notice that as the quantity of commercial fertilizer used tends to diminish, the crop yields increase. Why is that? This land had been run down to such an extent that the people on it were starving. They were producing acre yields of only 8 or 10 bushels of corn and about 100 pounds of lint cotton. This farm was purchased in 1902 by a man who knew how to control fertility. He began operations by dividing the cultivated land into three fields of 22 acres each, adopting a rotation of crops, buying stable manure, and putting it into the soil. As soon as possible, he began buying up scrub cattle from the sur- rounding farmers, feeding them on the roughage and part of the cotton-seed meal and some grains of the farm, and applying the manure to the cotton crop. His rotation was cotton, corn with cowpeas planted at the last working, fol- lowed by winter oats, followed by cowpeas, then cotton again. In 1902, with 1 375 pounds of commercial fertilizer and 5 tons of manure to the acre on the cotton land, he got 1.6 bales of lint cotton to the acre. When cotton came around on this field again in 1905, he cut down the quantity of commercial fertilizer used to 875 pounds, or 500 pounds less than in 1902, still continuing the 5 tons of stable manure, with the result that the cotton yield went to over 2 bales. The next time cotton came on this field, namely, 1908, he made over 214 bales to the acre without any increase in fertilizer, but by increasing the stable manure to 7 tons. , ^ ^.,. On an adjoining field in 1902, with 750 ix)unds of commercial fertilizer, corn yielded 36 bushels per acre. Corn came onto this field again in 1904, and with 500 pounds of commercial fertilizer, or 200 pounds less than in 1902, he made 65 bushels per acre. In 1907, when corn again came onto this field, with ,500 pounds of commercial fertilizer (no increase over 1904) the corn yield was 85 bushels. In 1908, oats following this crop of corn produced 80 bushels to the acre without direct application of commercial fertilizer or manure. The important factors in controlling fertility and increasing crop yields on this farm were the adoption of a rotation, including two crops of nitrogen- gathering cowpeas; the turning into the soil of the stubble of the cowpeas <^rown between the corn and after the oats; the feeding of the roughage, fncluding cowpea hav, and part of the grain produced to stock ; and applying the manure thus produced to the cotton crop. This resulted in keeping the soil filled with active, decaying vegetable matter, which is so powerful in controll- ing fertility Notice that as the quantities of commercial fertilizer used were diminished or remained constant, the crop yields increased. The more ve'^etable matter you put into your soils the less commercial fertilizer you win need for given crop yields, and larger crop yields will you get for any given quantity of commercial fertilizer. Also the more vegetable matter you put into the soil the larger the quantity of commercial fertilizer you can use with profit. 56 The Bulletin. Chart 9. L£GUnE YIELP5 PEIR ACRE HAY WZ^ AiRpRY 5TUBBLE5c^RQ0T5 POUNDS 5ooa RED W/////////////////A CUOVER H^^^l -t-s/. BUF? CLOVER CRlMSOrt c LOve R PA 2-o7« V////////////////^^ 3 2.7o £4-£^ Y////////////////////////A ^^z. 1131 niTROGErs Ih LEGUME5 PER ACRE IN HAYl^ IN AIR DRV STUBBLE: & ROOTS RCD CLOV E R BUR CLOVER /v. c V///////////A Vy V////////////77\ Vt iTTOri C0TTOn5E£0 MEAL. TOUnD5 VALUt 49 (4-1 2.1 138 9.^3 5£.ie £6.8^ 3.96 30.80 CR1M50N y//////////////A 133 31 £6.17 CLOV E R wm Va 5.87 31. 04. gfe.ee. Chart 10. The Bulletin. 57 I have a small farm up in Maryland. When bought, in 1904, it had on it a crop of corn which produced 8 bushels to the acre. In 1908 I took from it an average of 60 bushels to the acre. At the start I tried to grow crimson clover, but the land was too poor, so I worked a while with cowpeas, bought some stable manure and put it under cantaloupes, following them with Irish pota- toes, using some commercial fertilizer. I then succeeded in getting a stand of crimson clover, which was plowed under for corn. The first crop of corn after this crimson clover gave 60 bushels to the acre without any commercial ferti- lizer. This was repeated the next year, a second crop of crimson clover having been turned under. Then we had some very dry summers, and I could not get a catch of crimson clover, and had to rely on commercial fertilizer, with the result that crop yields ran down. Last year I got a good stand of crimson clover, which was turned under this spring for corn, and my crop bids fair to be as high as 80 bushels on some parts, with an average of not less than 60. I believe that where crimson clover will grow, it is the best manure to put under the corn crop. Charts 9 and 10 will give you an idea of the quantity of nitrogen-bearing vegetable matter that can be produced on the land for controlling fertility by growing clovers, vetches, and related crops; also the relative quantities of nitrogen or ammonia (the form in which you buy nitrogen) contained in these crops, together with its commercial value, also a comparison of the nitrogen found in a ton of cotton-seed meal and its commercial value. The shaded lines (Chart 9) represent the hay produced by certain crops, and the black lines under them the quantity of stubble and roots left in the soil for fertility control if the hay is taken off the land. The shaded lines in Chart 10 represent the relative quantities of nitrogen or ammonia in the hay ; the black lines, the relative quantities of nitrogen in the stubble and roots. This crop of red clover (Chart 9) produced about 21/0 tons of hay, leaving in the soil about one- half as much stubble and roots, or I14 tons, for soil improvement. This hay crop had in it (Chart 10) 120 pounds of nitrogen, and the stubble and roots had in them 49 pounds of nitrogen, a total of 169 pounds, equivalent to about 200 pounds of ammonia, which would have cost over $32 purchased in the form of commercial fertilizers. This crop of bur clover produced about 3 tons of hay to the acre, leaving in the soil about one-fifth as much stubble and roots, or a little over one-half ton for fertility control. The nitrogen in the crop would have cost over $30 if purchased in the form of commercial fertilizer. This crop of crimson clover, yielding somewhat under 21/0 tons of hay, left in the soil one-third as much stubble and roots. The entire crop had in it nitrogen to the value of over .$31. A ton of cotton-seed meal has in it 138 pounds of nitrogen, having a value of about $26. Charts 11 and 12 show the same data with reference to vetch, cowpeas, and Canada field peas. This vetch crop of 2^4 tons left in the soil about three- fourths of a ton of stubble and roots. The cowpea crop of 1% tons left more than half as much, or 1 ton, of stubble and roots in the soil. The Canada field-pea crop of 2 tons left about one-seventh of a ton of stubble and roots in the soil. The vetch crop contained nitrogen to the value of over $30, the cowpeas over $21, and the Canada field peas over $21. From these charts you see the large quantities of vegetable matter we can produce to put back mto. the soil and the large quantities of nitrogen they contain. Any one of these crops has a value of 12 to 15 tons of good stable manure for controlling fertility. , ^ ^ ^. ., The nitrogen in the crop came partly out of the air, partly out of the soil. Just how much came out of the air we do not know, but it has been estimated that these crops take from one-fourth to three-fourths of their nitrogen from the air Suppose we say an average of one-third. This means that these crops brought to the soil from $7 to $10 worth of brand-new nitrogen per acre, cost- ing but little more than the price of seed. Crimson clover seed have cost me some years as high as $2.50 per acre in Maryland. We use 15 pounds or a peck to the acre. The man who has charge of my farm while I am away says that he would not be without crimson clover if the seed cost $20 a bushel. You see what we think of crimson clover in Maryland for controlling fertility. It will be scarcely necessary for me to go into the details of planting of these different crops. Your local people, the people here at the college and 58 The Bulletin. Chaet 11. HITROGEN IN le:6ume!5 per acre .nhayI^^ • rSAIRDRV STUBBLEA ROOTS JHHI VETCH fs/.C&COHtH COWPEA Conn.&La. CANADA FtELO PEA PA. - FouriDs value:* \////////)^ V//////////A e>i 31 1O& I TOH ODTTOrt 5e:ed 138 2.1. 39 7LG.S2- 2.1 77 Sfc.Za' LEGUME YIELD PER ACRE HAY p;?^ AIR DRV ^TUSBL-E&ROOTi POUMD5 V///////////////77777Z\ .^A^ VETCH 14-©^ COWPEA v/////////////Z^ 3G3I i9»7 CAM ADA FIELD PEA V/////////////y//7A 395/ Chabt 12. The Bulletin. 59 experiment station, and your demonstrators throughout the State, are better acquainted with local conditions than I am. I would suggest that every farmer in this audience who is not growing these crops go direct to these people, get some very careful directions for growing these crops, and grow at least two of them on his farm — a summer legume, as the cowpea or soy bean, and a winter legume, one of the clovers or vetches. Remember these pointy : To get the best results from our land we must control all the factors of fertility — moisture, plant food, ventilation, sanita- tion, and germ life. The most powerful agent at our command for controlling these factors of fertility is decaying vegetable matter or humus. The best source of this decaying vegetable matter or humus for the average farmer is some one or more of the leguminous crops, cowpeas, soy beans, clovei-s, and vetches, that take nitrogen out of the air and thus enable us to put new nitrogen-bearing vegetable matter into the soil — our most powerful aid in controlling fertility. Q. When do you sow clover in your corn? Mb. Goodrich : I sow clover in my corn at the last working, doing it the latter part of July or early in August. This year the first plant- ing was done the last week in July, the last the first week in August. I turn the clover into the soil. I grow the clover not for hay, but to put into the soil. My soil has been in such shape that I thought best to put the whole crop into the land; but each farmer must decide for himself whether to use it for hay. My farm is sand, the kind that is sometimes called Norfolk sandy loam — the same as a great deal of the land all down the coast. I like to let my clover grow just as much as possible before putting under. I begin to plow it under in time to let it lie perhaps ten days to go through the first heating and fermen- tation and let the soil settle again. Sometimes I use a roller to pack the soil. This year we have had a hard time to get the crops in, on account of excessive rain. Some of my best corn is growing where clover was turned down one day and com planted next day. I had to plant the very day after the clover was turned 'in to get the corn in in time. The time to plow the clover under depends largely upon local conditions. Now, remember that when we put in any of these crops for soil improvement we do not put them in to grow hay. If we put in small grain for soil improvement, do not think that we must wait until it goes to seed to get a crop. The crop is to go into the soil in time to get ready for the next crop. Don't injure the following crop by wait- ing too long. Turn under the crop just as soon as it is time to get ready for the next crop. I use a ISTo. 40 Oliver plow and plan to get the land plowed 10 inches deep, or 12 if I can. Get you? soil gradu- ally deeper. There is one thing which the growing of these crops brings about. It means that we have to plow deeper to get them into the soil. I don't let my land lie bare through the winter. I put in crimson clover or rye or something like that. Keep the soil full of living roots to take up the plant food left by previous crop. If it is a legume, we get more nitrogen out of the air. 60 The Bulletin. Some of your lands will need potash and some phosphoric acid. Piedmont soils, formed by the breaking down of granite, are pretty well supplied with potash. If we keep these soils filled with vegetable matter, the decay of this matter will set free potash, and the '•main plant food you will have to supply will be phosphorus in some form or other. Q. Does a man need lime to unloch this potash? Mr. Goodrich : Lime is very helpful on some soils, but you must work that out for yourselves. I have on my place as yet, in four years, not gotten any results with lime ; but I have seen lands helped wonder- fully by lime. Study your local conditions and consult with your local advisers on such points. Q. How about rye as a cover crop? Mr. Goodrich : Rye is an excellent winter cover crop, but it differs from these leguminous crops in that it has not the power of going into the air and getting valuable nitrogen. It simply adds vegetable matter or humus. If you use leguminous crops in place of rye you get this nitrogen too. On some lands, in starting these crops it is well also to plant rye, so that if the legumes fail we have some crop to turn under. Q. Suppose you cut these crops and feed the hay to stoch and put the manure hack on the land, what is the difference in results? Mr. Goodrich : That is a little difficult to answer, as it depends upon the care you give the manure. It is difficult to feed hay to stock and put the manure back on the land with a profit. We*lose a great deal in handling the manure — in most cases one-half or three-fourths. Manure loses in bulk and loses nitrogen. Feeding hay to stock and putting the manure back on the land is practicable, however, when carried on with great skill. b' Mr. Shuford: Can we raise crimson clover seed as cheaply as we can import it? Mr. Goodrich : I don't know, but some farmers in North Carolina raise their own seed, among them Mr. Woodard, near Wilson. I was on his farm about three years ago, and he had been raising crimson clover for several years. Two years ago he had over 100 acres of cotton and corn seeded in crimson clover. I was there in early August when the clt)ver was just coming up, over 100 acres, and he had raised every seed of it. Mr. Goodrich : The gentleman asks if, when land has not been in clover, it is necessary to inoculate it to secure a stand? To grow the legumes, we must have in the soil those little germs or bacteria that take nitrogen out of the air for these plants. In planting these new lands, we must inoculate with these germs; The best way The Bulletin. 61 is to get soil from land that has grown these crops successfully. Get 300 or 500 pounds of soil from your nearest neighbor who has grown the legume you wish to try. Or you can get this soil from your State Department of Agriculture. We find that some of our soils will grow the crimson clover or vetch readily without inoculation, because in some way the soil has been inoculated. If I were starting out, I would never neglect to inoculate, because I would not know whether or not the soil would grow clover or other legumes. Sometimes stable manure will inoculate, particularly if it has been produced by feeding hay of the legume you wish to grow. Professor Massey : "We have found in the section of Maryland where I live — the southeastern corner of the Eastern Shore — that wherever this little woolly-headed, rabbit-foot clover grows, the soil is inoculated for crimson clover. The rabbit-foot clover is a little, gray, woolly-headed clover, and wherever it grows crimson clover will grow every time, without any further inoculation. Q. How ynuch soil will it take to inoculate an acre of land for crim- son clover? Mr. Goodrich : Two hundred pounds will sometimes do it. We recommend 200 to 500 pounds per acre. When you get one acre inocu- lated, use the soil by the cart-load on the other acres, as you will then have plenty of it. Q. How much seed of crimson clover do you use to the acre? Mr. Goodrich : One peck or 15 pounds to the acre. HOW I PRODUCED 235 BUSHELS OF CORN ON ONE ACRE. C. W. Pakker, Jr., Woodland, N. C. In the spring of 1909 I selected an acre of land upon my father's farm to plant in corn for the Hertford County Boys' Corn Club Contest. I plowed the land 10 inches deep, having previously spread broadcast ten wagon-loads of stable manure. I then ran oft the rows 4 feet apart, listed some two furrows to each row, about the 15th of April. The 1st of May I planted the corn — Biggs and Honeycutt varieties mixed. I used .$9.50 worth of fertilizer, one half used in drill when planted and the other half used beside the corn at the second cultivation. The fertilizer used was 17 per cent acid phosphate, cotton-seed meal and kainit in equal parts. We had excessive rains throughout May, June, and the first of July, which drowned my corn, and its yield was only 67M; bushels, which won first county prize. The entire cultivation was done with a five-hoe cultivator and Climax cotton plow run very shallow. In December, 1909, I selected an acre of land in the same farm, spread broadcast eight wagon-loads of stable manure and bedded the land up, breaking same 12 inches deep. I then took wing off of plow and ran two furrows in the bottom of the row between the corn beds from 8 to 10 inches deep. About February 1, 1910, I reversed the beds, breaking same from 12 to 14 inches deep, and ran two center subsoil furrows, 8 to 10 inches deep, between the beds, as in December. I opened the beds the 25th of April and planted corn about 6 inches below the level of the bed, using in the same furrow 400 pounds of cotton-seed meal, acid phosphate, and 2-8-2 guano mixed in equal parts. I used the "Biggs seven-ear corn," planted with a Centennial planter. As soon as the corn was large enough to cultivate I used the five-hoe cultivator. At the second culti- 62 The Bulletin. vation I used 100 pounds of nitrate of soda iu a shallow furrow beside the corn and split middle with five-hoe cultivator. About ten daj's later I used 100 pounds of nitrate of soda in the other row, used as stated above, which was the last cultivation. I gave the corn two thorough cultivations with five-hoe cultivator and two with cotton plow, running very shallow each time. I planted the corn IS inches in the drill, two to four grains in each hill, and harvested 132i^ bushels of corn, which was the largest yield in my dis- trict. I had what I considered ideal seasons, and found that I made a big mistake by planting my corn too far apart in the drill and too few stallfs in the hill. Therefore, I resolved to try to plant 1911 crop thicker in the drill and have my rows 3 feet 10 inches apart, instead of 4 feet, as in 1909 and 1910. On this 1910 acre I won the first district prize given by the State Board of Agriculture, which was $25 ; the first county prize, a runabout buggy given by the nines Buggy Company of Murfreesboro, and a King weeder given by the Progressive Farmer contest. In December, 1910, I selected an acre of laud upon which my brother had gathered 126.5 bushels of corn, this being the acre used by me in the 1909 corn contest. I hauled out 10 wagon-loads of stable manure and spread it broadcast over the land ; Ix^dded it some 12 to 14 inches deep. About February 1, 1911, I reversed the beils, plowing the same depth as stated above, and ran deep furrows between the l)eds as before. March 21st I listed the land with two-horse plow, two furrows to the row, 12 to 14 inches deep, and leveled it with a disc harrow as deep as I could. I then broke the laud about 12 inches deep with a two-horse plow, followed behind in the same furrow with subsoil plow 6 to S inches deep, making total depth of breaking about IS inches. I ran off my I'ows with a cotton plow 3 feet 10 inches apart, and on the first day of May I planted "Biggs seven-ear corn" G inches apart in the drill, 3 to 5 grains in each hill, with a Centennial corn planter. I used $9.15 worth of fertilizer, including 200 pounds nitrate of soda. I put all fertilizer in drill under corn when planted except the nitrate of soda. One hundred pounds of this was sown broadcast about the first of June and harrowed in with an iron-tooth harrow. Up until this time there had been only one good rain since the corn was planted. The weather was so dry for the next four weeks my corn began to parch, and about the 1,5th of July my neighbors said I would not make as much as I planted. About the 20th of July we had fine rain and cloudy, damp weather for several days. Then I scattered 100 pounds more of nitrate of soda between the rows as a top dresser. The corn at this time had blown down so badly I could not cultivate it any more, and it was really difficult to walk through it. However, I have carried out the instructions and methods advo- cated by the Farmers' Cooperative Demonstration Work, with the exception of doing the subsoiling in the spring instead of the fall. After the corn was planted I did not use any implement in the cultivation except the harrow and light cultivator running very shallow. I am happy to say that the result was the largest yield ever known to this section, 235.5 bushels field measurement, making 195 bushels of dry shelled corn, I am satisfied that it is possible to grow 250 bushels of corn on one acre of land, and I propose to work toward this end in 1912. If all the farmers in North Carolina would follow the demonstration plans our State would have plenty of corn to sell to our Western farmers at a handsome profit the year around. My corn only cost me 24 cents per bus'hel, which shows the yield was the result of good methods, and not the extravagant use of com- mercial fertilizer. FREE TRAVELING LIBRARIES. Prop. L. R. Wilson, Librarian of the University of North Carolina. Gentlemen of the Convention: I appreciate the opportunity of coming before you for just a few minutes to speak about a thing in which I think you are all interested — that is, a system of free traveling libraries for North Carolina, especially for rural North Carolina. To explain what I mean : there is a Library Commission in the State, appointed by the Legislature of 1909 and The Bulletin. 63 empowered to operate a system of free traveling libraries. The Commission is composed of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the State Librarian, the Librarian of the State University, a member of the Women's Clubs of the State, and an appointee of the Governor, who happens in this case to be a citizen of Raleigh, a former teacher and educator. In order to operate a system of traveling libraries, the Commission needs a definite annual appro- priation with which to buy three or four thousand books. The books are listed and carefully made up into sets of forty or fifty books, ordinarily in four sec- tions. There are books on agriculture, horse breeding, farming implements, travel and description, literature, history, fiction, children's books, etc. Then out in your community, if you happen to be away from a railroad center, if five of you will get together and say that you will be responsible for the col- lection while with you, write to the State Library Commission and ask for the loan of a collection for a period of five or six months. It is sent to you and placed in a rather central place in your community, and every one has a right to make use of it. After three or four months, when you have finished with the collection, write the Commission and ask for another collection. In this way a collection like this, before being worn out, will reach some twenty communities in North Carolina. The only expense is the expense of trans- portation, which will be comparatively light. That is, you stand good for the safe-keeping of the books and you stand good for the transportation of the books. Now, my sole object is to say that so far as the law is concerned, it has been passed, providing for the operation of such a system. "We would like to see the books reach every nook and corner of North Carolina ; but the one thing lacking is getting the representatives who go to the Legislature to give the necessary $3,500 or $5,000 a year to buy these books and send them out. Vir- ginia began this' work in 1905, and there are now some 300 of these collections, and pi'actically 1.200 communities in the State of Virginia can be reached each twelve months. There are thirty of the States now doing this kind of work, New York having begun in 1893. Some people may say that it is not the right thing for the State to give free books, as it were, to the citizens of North Carolina. Some may say that it is not the right thing for citizens of Charlotte to give themselves, through their public libraries, free books. The State Library is equipped out of the general revenues for the Governor, the various State officers, and the members of the Legislature. We want to take, out of the public revenues of the State, $3,500 or $5,000 a year in order that you may have a book on spraying trees or a book on travel or a copy of poems. If we are out in Caldwell County or Gates County or in any other part of the State, we can sit down on the long winter evenings and read the books, which will widen our horizon and give us defi- nite information regarding the work which we have in hand. I do not think it is an unnatural claim for the taxpayers of North Carolina to make upon themselves. My interest in this matter is to see North Carolina fall in line with the other States, and to bring a box of books or a collection of stereopticon pictures to every community in North Carolina. It makes the winter evenings shorter, it makes the boy keen to branch out and interest himself in various lines of farming; and these are my reasons for coming before you. I should like for each one of you, as you go back to your homes, to tell your members of the Legislature to favor a system of traveling libraries and an appropriation of $3,000 to $5,000 to bring the books to your homes with no other cost than to keep them safely and to pay the transportation. Adjournment for dinner. Tuesday, 2 :30 P. M. Me. Shuford: The Convention will come to order. We would like to have every one be as quiet as possible, as it is difficult to hear in this large room. Those coming in will be as quiet as possible. We want to hear everything that Dr. Hopkins has to say. He has come all the. way from Illinois to talk to us about phosphate rock and about its use as a source of phosphoric acid. I am glad to introduce to you Dr. C. G. Hopkins, of the Illinois Experiment Station. 64 The Bulletin. PHOSPHATE ROCK AS A SOURCE OF PHOSPHORIC ACID. Cyril G. Hopkins, Illinois Experiment Station, Urbana, 111. I very greatly appreciate the honor of being invited to come to North Caro- lina to meet the North Carolina farmers and landowners. I feel that you have put upon me a pretty difficult subject to talk about, but fortunately I do not know much about it, and all that I need to do is to give you the information that exists. I feel that I may call your attention to the fact that, as a general rule, farmers are theoretical, while scientific men are practical. You know we are wont to say that in another way. Farmers ordinarily consider themselves as being practical, and you hear a great deal about the scientist being called a theorist ; but the facts are that the terms should be changed around. Prob- ably the most thorough theorist we have is the farmer, and the scientific man is practical so far as his science goes. I should like to call your attention, too, to the fact that principles are dis- covered by investigation and not by practice. Principles are established by experiments and not by experience. We are too much inclined to think that the thing we have been doing all our lives is the right thing to do; that we have had practice in it, that wo have had experience in it, and therefore it is established. Sometimes this is the truth, sometimes it is error, for, as I said, principles are established by investigation and experiment, not by practice and experience. I have not much doubt but there are people in the' audience who. if they wanted to dig a well somewhere and get good water, would get a water-witch to go and witch for them. There are some of these people in Illinois. There is absolutely no basis for It but experience, yet some men will say, "I know that is the right way to get water, because I know where it has been found twice that way." I would suggest that next time you find a water- witch who is dead sure about it. you tie a handkerchief around his eyes and see if he finds the water twice in the same place. The one I trieuro-bred stock, and by improved methods of marketing eggs bring the Danish farmer .$10,000,000 per year. Other market products are handled by the cooperative creameries of Denmark in a similar manner. They no longer sell their live hogs, but kill, cure, and manuf.acture every scrap at home, with the result that pigs that formerly brought $7,400,000. now bring $2.j.000.000. The Danes believe in manufacturing the farm products to the highest degree before they let them leave the farm or cooperative factory. lie sells the finished jirodnct and not the raw material, for ho believes that the nation that sends away the raw material to .-i more skilled people to finisli is ruined. Is there not a lesson for the North Carolina farmer to learn from the Danes? Will not the Southern farmers wake up to the importance of cooperation and strive to secure the benefits of the same, beginning in a small v\-ay and working out i)laMs that are best suited to our needs? There should be some legislation by our lawmakers so that coo])erative societies could be easily organized. The question of rural credits is receiving a great deal of attention at the present time, and both of the great political parties have declared in favor of same. I deem it wise to devote a few minutes to the consideration of this sub- ject, and quote from an address delivered l)y former (Jovernor Iledrick of Ohio, who has devoted nuich time and study to this question. I would also call your attention to the action of the Southern Commercial Congress in requesting each State to send two delegates to Germany to study this ques- tion at first hand. I trust that the North Carolina Department of Agriculture will take tliis forward step and send two of her foremost farmers to study tlie question of rural credits and proclaim the facts to the farmers of North Carolina. "The permanent improvement of farming methods, whereby the yield i>er aci-e may be substantially increased, demands two things: Farmers must be made to ajipreciate the possibilities of scientific methods and taught how to use such methods, and they must be supplied with funds to make the needed changes and improvements. "We cannot hope for an increase in the produc- tion of foodstuffs in this country equal to the increase in consumption iniless the deserving tiller of the soil can be supplied with the funds he neestances of the money market. The mortgagor pays into the association, in addition to the interest, and until the termination of the loan, one-eighth of 1 per cent for amortization, and one-tenth of 1 per cent as a contribution to the cost of administration. If the mortgagor fails to meet his obligations to the association, it may demand full payment of the loan upon six'^months notice, and if the payment is not then made, the property 84 The Bulletin. is sold. If the property upon which a loan has been made decreases in value, partial repayment of the loan is demanded. The surplus receipts of the asso- ciation go into a reserve fund from which losses are made good. The admin- istration of the affairs of the association is under the supervision of the Prus- sian Minister of Agriculture, and under the special control of a Royal Commis- sioner who is authorized at any time to inspect the books and fund, to attend meetings, and to call meetings. The Credit Foncier de France, establislied to satisfy an imperative need, is a limited liability company with a capital of 200,000,000 francs, operating under the supervision of the State. In the beginning (1852), the Govern- ment granted the Credit Foncier a subsidy of 10.000.000 francs in order to help it make loans at a rate advantageous for that time. The subsidy was not renewed, and the State does not interfere except occasionally to exercise its control. The purposes of the Credit Foncier are: 1. Lending money to landowners, counties, communes, and public services. 2. To create and negotiate real estate bonds, or mortgage bonds to a value which cannot exceed the amount of the sums due from its borrowers. The company is permitted to receive deposits, but the aggregate of the deposits must not exceetl 100.000,000 francs. The funds received on deposit are employed in discounting commercial bills on condition that they have two signatures and do not run over three months* The shares of the Credit Fon- cier, which are dealt in on the Bourse, are issued at 500 francs and any one can own them. The stock now receives 0 per cent dividends and sells for about I'A) francs a share. The Government appoints the governor and two sub-governors. There must also be three treasurers-general among the twenty-three members of the council of administration. These treasurers, as well as other administrators, are appointed by the general assembly of the company. The general assembly represents all the stockholders, and is com- posed of the 200 who own the largest amount of stock. The two principal kinds of oijcrations of the Creilit Foncier are mortgage loans and communal loans. The total of these two kinds of operations now amounts to more than 4,000,000.000 francs. So far as the possible adoption of some of the methods of the Credit Foncier in the United States is concerned, that part of its operation covering the making of loans to landowners is of the greatest interest. Our municipalities now have a broad and steady market for their securities. The Credit Foncier makes loans to landowners on the following terms : 1. Short-time loans, without amortizations for a period of from one to nine years. 2. Long-time loans, with annual amortization, for a period of from ten to seventy-hve years. The rate of interest on the loans is 4.30 per cent per annum, and the rate is the same for all kinds of property. Loans are made only on first-mortgage se- curity, and the amount of the loan cannot exceed one-half of the value of the property, excejit that loans on wines and timber must not exceed one-third of their value. When the loan is made for a short period, the borrower pays each year only the amount of interest due, and the principal amount must be paid in full at the end of the term of the loan — one to nine years. Long-time loans are gradually paid by means of an annuity, which includes the interest and a small fraction of the principal. As a rule, the borrower himself fixes the length of time that the loan is to run. The amortization extends over the whole period of the loan, so that the total of the interest and capital is repaid from a constant yearly annuity. Consequently, the cost of amortization depends on the length of the loan and on the rate of interest. On a loan running for 75 years at 4.30 per cent interest, the annuity, including interest and amortization, is at the rate of 4.4S per cent per annum. The borrower has the right to pay the principal of the loan at any time, and to profit by the amortization already made. He can also make partial payments and thereby reduce the amount of the annuity. Tlie landowner who wishes to build can obtain from the Sous Comptoir des Entrepreneus, a society connected with the Credit Foncier, a mortgage credit based on the value of the land and of the building to be erected. When the building is finished the credit can be con- verted into a Credit Foncier loan. The Bulletin. 85 The real estate bonds issued by the Credit Foncier have no fixed maturity, but are called for payment by lot. Each payment of bonds must be of such an amount that the bonds remaining in circulation will not exceed the balance of the principal loaned upon the hypothecated loans. If the Government ap- proves, there can be added to the bonds called for payment certain prizes and premiums. The funds received from the usual amortization or anticipated payments must be used to amortize or redeem bonds, or to make new loans. In general, the bonds bear 3 per cent on the nominal capital, and the cost of the loans to the company, including interest and amortization, is about .3.60 per cent, which places them on a par with municipal bonds. At the present time the company is redeeming bonds to the amount of about 30.000,000 francs per year, but the amount of redemptions can be increased if it becomes neces- sary in order to keep the balance between the bonds and loans. The bonds are sold by public subscription. About every three years the company issues bonds sufficient to yield from 300,000,000 to 3.50,000,000 francs. The bonds are subscribed for by people of small means and usually remain in their hands; consequently the quotations of the bonds show little fluctuation. The company always keeps a few bonds on hand for sale, but the bulk of them are disposed of by public subscription. It is not necessary for us here to inaugurate a new and untried scheme of finance to enable farmers of the United States to borrow at low rates and for long periods. We can profit by the long and successful experience of other countries. We can take the French and German models and revamp them to harmonize with conditions in this country. The principles that underlie the mortgage-loan organizations in France and Germany are familiar to us here, and we know that they are economically sound. If those countries could suc- cessfully initiate, can we not adopt? There are several conditions that must be observed if organizations for the loaning of funds to landowners in this country are to be successful. The cor- porations or associations must have a large capital. They must be established for the single purpose of loaning money to landowners at low rates and for as long periods as possible. There should be no profit to promoters in the organi- zation of such corporations, and the return to the stockholders must be kept within very reasonable limits. In other words, the borrowers and not the stockholders should be the chief beneficiaries of the success of the undertaking. The active assistance and cooperation of the State or Nation must be obtained. The mortgages held by the company should be exempt from taxation. Special laws would be needed and the provision made for thorough examination by State or National authorities, or both. It might be wise to have some of the executive officers receive their appointment from the State or Nation. Time will not permit me to discuss other agricultural societies of continental Europe. I trust that we will all give this important subject the thought it deserves. THE COUNTEY SCHOOL. The country school is to be a large factor in the development of country life and one of tlie chief agencies for keeping the youth on the farm. If we wish to keep the boys and girls on the farm we must not only make it attractive and remunerative, "but we must interest them in their work. This can be done by making that work intelligent. Are not our text-books filled with interest and discount, and are these not largely unadjusted to country life? Are not the children to make their living out of the soil, and from the animals they must raise and use, from the plants they must cultivate and the forests they must preserve? Has not the country school held apart from these essentials and stuffed the children with antiquated formulas and useless rules? Have we taught the varied resources and exhaustless charms of our great State? The great majority of our children leave school before the age of fifteen with little education of any kind, and no training for real life. If the rural school is to accomplish what we expect of it, it must not be a thing apart from the life of the people. We must take the life and work of the people into the school and carry the teaching and influence of the school into the life of the people. The practical work of the farm and home must go into the school, and the thought and knowledge of the school must go onto the farm and into 86 The Bulletin. the home. Let us, then, take stock of ourselves and see if we cannot help make the school the center of life, for is not the whole community interested in the public school, and is it not the natural organic center of country life, and should it not organize all the social forces of the community? OUB FUTURE. Much has been accomplished by these yearly meetings, and friendships have been made that will last for years. Shall we not plan larger things and go on to a greater usefulness, receiving inspiration by our commingling and becom- ing a great force in the agricultural upbuilding of North Carolina? Should not this great institution be the yearly mecca of thousands of farmers bent on discussing and helping to work out the great agricultural problems of the day? PBOGEAM. Your secretary is to be congratulated upon the program that he has pre- pared for us. Such a splendid array of speeches has probably never appeared at a meeting of an agricultural organization in this State, and we trust that every one present will enter into a full discussion of all questions that will come before us. Wednesday, August 28, 1912. Mr. Siiuford : The Convention will please come to order. We have with us this morning Dr. Flowe, Assistant State Veterina- rian of Xortli Carolina, a boy raised in this State, who is going to speak to US on the subject of "Hog Cholera and Its Prevention." I beg to introduce Dr. B. B. Flowe, of the State Department of Agriculture. HOG CHOLERA SERUM. B. B. Flowe, N. C. Department of Agriculture. I want to speak to you for a few minutes on hog cholera and its prevention. I will endeavor to state the symptoms as briefly as possible. It is very unfor- tunate that the symptoms are not uniform. It is seldom that we see. in the same herd, two hogs showing like symptoms. For this reason it is sometimes rather hard to make positive diagnosis. But, as a rule, if we make a thorough examination and inquire into the history very closelj', we are able to state in nearly every instance whether the hogs are affected with hog cholera or something else. Among the first symptoms we notice, in the beginning of an outbreak, is the refusal of one or more hogs to eat their food ; if they are noticed very closely at this time, it will be seen that they are greatly depressed and are shivering as though they were having a chill. If they are forced to walk, they will apiiear sore and stiff; there is nearly always a tendency of the sick ones to hide in the bedding or in some secluded place. At first, the bowels become constipated ; later, this is followed by diarrhea, which may continue until the end. In other cases, constipation continues throughout the disease. In most all cases there is a watery discharge from the eyes. This is a muco-purulent discharge, and very often glues the eyelids shut; there is also a dry. hacking cough noted in some cases. Just before death, or shortly afterwards, red and purplish spots may be seen along the belly, in the armpits, and on the inside of the thighs. The duration of cholera varies considerably, but the average may be put at about two weeks. If the chronic form is developed, it may last much longer. The Bulletin. 87 As to the treatment of hog cholera, there are a great many "sure hug cholera cures" on the market, so advertised ; but we have never found any- thing that we consider of any value in treating a case of genuine hog cholera, so do not advise any treatment at all, believing that there will be as many recoveries without treatment as there will be with any treatment we liuow of. However, we do advise giving the hogs comfortable quarters, clean, fresh water at all times, and encouraging them to eat some easily digested food. Vaccinating against hog cholera has passed from the exyerimental stage and can now be stated to be a sure preventive of hog cholera. This is shown by the results obtained on the field, where proper care has been exercised in vaccinating the hogs. From our experience, we believe that where the results have not been what was expected, it was due to some cause other than the nonpotency of the serum. In some cases, to the failure to inject enough serum ; in others, the serum was injected into hogs showing symptoms of cholera. In every instance where we have gone into a herd of hogs, even though cholera had already appeared, we have, by eliminating all hogs that showed any symptoms what- ever of cholera, and those showing a temperature as high as 104° F., saved from 95 per cent to 100 per cent of the hogs injected. There are two methods of vaccinating hogs. One is the serum alone method ; the other the simultaneous method. The difference between the two methods is that in the serum alone method we only inject the anti-hog cholera serum ; whereas in the simultaneous method we inject the anti-hog cholera serum and at the same time inject a small amount of virulent blood. So far we have used onlj' the serum alone method, for we do not believe it advisable to send to the laity the virulent blood to make the simultaneous injection. The difference in the effect of the two methods is that the serum alone method confers immunity for a much shorter period, lasting from six to eight weeks ; while the simultaneous method confers immunity for a period of six months to a lifetime. But, when this method is used under the best condi- tions, there is a loss of 3 per cent to 5 per cent of the hogs with cholera. That is to say, that 3 per cent to 5 per cent of the hogs will develop hog cholera and die. It is not advisable to wait until cholera has made its appearance in your herd before you vaccinate them, but this should be done as soon as you hear that cholera is in your community. If this is done, it can be warded off and prevented from making its appearance into the herd vaccinated and by the time the serum has lost its protective power the disease will most likely have run its course. If the proper means have been taken to clean up and disinfect the infested premises, there should be no great danger of c-holera gaining entrance into the herd that has been treated with the serum. But, if the proper precautions have not been used to get rid of the infection in the com- munity, it would be advisable to make the second and even the third in- jection. When the serum is used in herds where cholera has already appeared, it is advisable to leave the ones injected in the same lot for two or three weeks. If this is done the immunity will last much longer. All of the well hogs should then be thoroughly disinfected with one of the coal-tar disinfectants and removed to noninfected quarters. The lot and pens where they have been should be thoroughly disinfected and every possible means taken to get rid of the infection. All hogs that have died with cholera should either be burned or buried deep and covered with lime. In no case should a dead carcass, be left to the buzzards, for we know that the buzzard is one of our worst agents in distributing hog cholera germs. The germs are also distributed by the water streams; by people going from an infected premise to a noninfected one, in this way carrying the hog cholera germ on their shoes and clothing. To inject the serum it is necessary to have a hypodermic syringe, preferably one of 20 cc. or 30 cc. capacity. The sertim should be injected into the arm- pits or into the muscles on the side of the neck after thoroughly cleansing the skin at the point where the injection is to be made, with a 5 per cent solution of carbolic acid. The North Carolina Department of Agriculture has for some time prepared the serum and distributed it, through the State Veterinarian, to the swine 88 The Bulletin. raisers of the State at approximate cost. We are now charging 2 cents per cubic centimeter. The amount of serum needed to inject the different weights of hogs is as follows :• Pigs, 1 cc. for Each Pound of Live Weight. Infested Herds. Cholera Free Herds. 20 pounds to 75 pounds 20 cc. 20 cc. 75 pounds to 100 pounds 25 cc. 20 cc. 100 pounds to 150 pounds 40 cc. 30 cc. 150 pounds to 200 pounds.. 60 cc. 40 cc. 200 pounds to 300 pounds. 80 cc. 60 cc. 300 pounds to 400 pounds 90 cc. 70 cc. Q. Do you think that vaccinating pigs in the bed, having seen no evidence of cholera on the premises, will he tcorth the trouble and expense? A. It would depend upon how near cholera is to your hogs and the proba- bility of their becoming infected. The immunity conferred lasts only for six to eight weeks. If cholera is not in your community. I do not think it would pay, as it would be necessary to reinject in six or eight weeks. Q. IIoic long can yon keep the scrum? A. If the serum is held at a low temperature. 40° to 45° F. and kept in a dark place, it can be kept almost indefinitely. At a high temperature it would not keep more than a week or ten days. Q. Can hereditary immunity be produced by giving hogs continued injections? A. It seems to me that the use of the serum long enough will pi-oduce a race of hogs immune to cholera. Where the simultaneous method is used with large doses of the virus we find that immunity is transferred to the offspring, but this will not last very long. I have at the serum plant now forty or fifty pigs four, five, and six months old. which have never been treated with the serum. They have been with hogs sick with cholera every day since they were farrowed, but have not. as yet, developed cholera. The dam and sire of those pigs are both highly immune to cholera. I have injected as much as 3,000 cc. of virulent blood into them without causing any ill effect. Q. Will the vse of the serum for several years produce a hog thoroughly immune? A. No, not using the serum alone. The tendency would be to revert back to the original form, and then the hogs would not be immune to cholera. Q. What is the best thing to do with hogs that have died with cholera? A. The best thing to do is to burn them ; but if you cannot burn them, dig a deep hole, bury them and cover them with lime. fj. What is the best disinfectant ? A. Any of the coal-tar disinfectants, or lime will answer most of our needs. The best of all is to rake up everything and burn it and cover the ground with a heavy application of lime. Mr. Shuford: The next tiling on the program is an address on ''Dairying as a Business," by Mr. Hehner Eabild, of the United States Department of Agriculture. To my mind, there is no more important subject in North Carolina than the raising of our own live stock and our own dairy cattle and making our own milk and butter. I beg to introduce Mr. Eabild, of the United States Department of Agriculture, who comes to talk to us on "Dairying as a Business." The BuLLETiisr. 89 DAIRYING AS A BUSINESS. Helmer Rabild, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Mr. Chairman, Ladies, and Gentlemen: Before coming here, I looked up the dairy statistics of North Carolina, and found that according to the census the industry has made a wonderful advance in the last ten years in this State. I found, for instance, that in 1900 you had 233.178 cows, while in 1910 you were reported as having 308,608, an increase of 32 per cent. The amount of butter made on farms has increased in the same time from 16,913,802 pounds to 26,060,000. This is an increase of 54 per cent. So if the amount of butter made on the farms is au index to the productivity of the cow, you have made a wonderful progress in the last ten years in increased production per cow. I understand that there are present at this meeting men representing almost every branch of farming. I am particularly interested in dairying. You have probably all guessed by this time that I was not born under the Stars and Stripes. My native country is Denmark, that little two-by-four country across the ocean which supplies the English breakfast table with butter,' eggs, and bacon. Everybody in Denmark being so much interested in dairying, you can understand why I have developed an Interest in it; and I come to you with the proposition that it would pay you to become more inter- ested in it. and to make larger investments in the business. In the hrst place, I realize, and I am sure you do, that one of the most important problems before the American farmer to-day is that of the conserva- tion or increase of the fertility of the soil. The time has passed when we can go on depleting the soil and continue to raise maximum crops. If we want to raise maximum crops, or even paying crops, we must put into the soil more fertility, more humus, and more plant food. Speaking broadly, there are two systems of farming. One is the cropping system. A man sows corn and other grain, reaps a harvest, and sells it. That, to my mind, is more a system of mining than it is farming, because when a man sells a crop off the farm he sells at the same time nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash — plant food, if you please — and by so doing he robs the land of fertility. The other system is that of live-stock husbandry. Instead of selling off his crops, the farmer feeds them to animals, and sells only the animal product. In this way the larger share of the fertility is kept on the farm; husbanded, if you please; and this system of farming will conserve and build up the fertility of the country. I am sure you all agree that we ought to have some sort of live stock on our farms ; but what shall it be? Hogs, steers, lambs, horses and mules, poultry, dairy cattle, or what? Now, I will say that I should like to have you go into the dairy business, and keep more cows. It occurs to me that there are some fundamental facts about the dairy business to which the farmer does not give sufficient consideration. I believe even dairymen generally fail to realize how good a business they are engaged in. In the first place, dairying is a safe business. No one ever heard of a dairyman losing any great amount of money in his business. And you can tell a young man to go into it with the assurance that you are not giving him bad advice. I lived for a number of years in the fruit belt of western Michi- gan, where everybody raises apples and peaches, and I know of many a young man who went into the fruit business and lost everything he had. On the other hand, I know of men who made a fortune in one year in the fruit busi- ness. I know one man who made .$40,000 in one year from peaches ; but he told me he had waited ten years for that crop. There is this about the fruit business, that it is speculative; and so are a great many other branches of farming. We have to take chances on the season being just right, and on the trees coming through in good shape ; and if we win we make a lot of money. But as I said, I have known a number of young men who lost everything they had in that business. It is a speculative business, and you cannot advise a young man who is just starting out to go into it unless he has plenty of capital and can afford to wait for one good year which will make his fortune. But no one knows of anv farmer losing a great amount of money in dairymg —and this is because of the nature of the business. If he finds that his cows 90 The Bulletin. do uot pay him, he cau always sell them to the butcher, and get out of the business without any loss. I do not want you to think that I have anything against the fruit business, for I have not; but it takes more capital than the dairy business, because you must wait longer to realize on your investment than you do with dairying. The dairyman feeds his good cov*' to-day, and to-morrow she pays him back. If at any time she does not pay him, he cau dispose of her. It is just the same with other branches of farming as with fruit raising; they are more or less si>eculative — at least, more so than the dairy business. It is so with the beef business, the sheep business, the hog business, and any other form of live stock. If the market is low when you buy and high when you sell, you make a nice lot of money ; but if it is the other way, you will be apt to lose. With dairying there has not been a year, for the last twelve years, even in the case of crop failures, when a man with reasonably good cows has uot been able to go out on the open market and buy feed at market prices, feed it to his cows, and still make a profit. Not so with the beef busi- ness and these other systems of live-stock husbandry. The dairy cow is an economical producer of human food. The same feed which it takes to make a pound of dressed beef will if fed to a dairy cow make a pound of butter. It is true, there is more work about the dairy business than about producing beef; but it is a mighty poor dairyman who cannot afford to milk and care for a cow for the difference in price between dressed beef and butter. The dairy business is a cash business, and that is the best kiud of a busi- ness to engage in. You do uot have to wait until your crop is harvested and put upon the market, and borrow money in the meantime. A dairyman with a good herd of cows can have his business so arranged that he has money coming in every month in the year, in the winter-time as well as in the summer. Not only is it a cash business, but it brings the return uniformly throughout the year, and the farmer will have cash to meet current expenses. Another thing which appeals strongly to me. and I am sure it will to you, is the tendency which the dairy business has to solve the labor proposition. There is everywhere a complaint of the lack of available labor on the farm. I do uot know how you treat your labor in this State, but over in Michigan the man who is engaged in fruit farming or general farming asks the laborer to come and work for him during the summer months, during haying and harvesting, fruit-picking, etc., and then turns him loose to shift for himself in the winter. Of course, that laborer will drift to the city, and may not come back on the farm again next year. The consequence is a lack of good labor in the farming districts. Now, dairying will solve this difficulty, for there is just as much work in the winter-time on a dairy farm as there is in the summer — in fact, a little more, and the farmer can afford to hire his labor by the year. If you will give a laboring man a house to live in, and a small plat of ground for a garden, and employment by the year, you will find, as have dairymen in other parts of the country, the dairy business has largely solved the labor problem. Of course, you realize that as long as you employ labor you will have more or less difficulty with labor; but, broadly speaking, the dairy business will solve the problem. I take it that you have agreed with me in these arguments in favor of dairying, but that you will say. "There is more work about dairying than there is about any other system of live-stock husbandry." I know of a number of farmers who object to dairying because there is too much trouble connected with it ; and one man told me that he did not like to be tied to a cow's tail 365 days in the year. It is true that the work is confining ; but I believe this feeling is principally due to the size of the herd kept ou the average farm. It is not large enough. I inquired this morning about the average number of cows kept on a farm in this State, and found that very few herds run over twenty, while the average is about six, seven, or eight cows per farm. This is not enough. A man with six cows is just as much confined as the man with twenty, and he cannot afford to hire labor to care for six cows ; while if he had twenty, he could afford to hire a good man to care for them, and so he himself would not be so confined. He wastes a lot of time going to the back pasture for six The Bulletin. 91 cows, wheu he migbt as well drive up twenty. Another thing is, a man with only six cows does not have enough money invested in the business so that he will care for it as it should be cared for. The consequence is that the cows do not produce so much as they could if they were well cared for. My argu- ment is that if he has twenty cows he will give them better care, and. that he will realize more profit per cow. I have heard the argument that if everybody went into dairying it would be overdone. My answer to that is that everybody is not going into dairying, because there are just enough people who are afraid of the work in dairying to keep the business from being overcrowded. At ^least, I have been talking dairying everywhere for the last ten years, and other men have been doing the same, and I do not see any indication yet of the business being overdone. Fifteen years ago 12 cents were paid for creamery butter. Last winter the price was as high as 40 cents, and even 4.5 cents in the large cities. The human population is increasing every year. The increase in the cow popula- tion has been just about as rapid as the increase in the human population, and no more so. On the other hand, new markets for milk are found every year. Think of the condensed milk industry, which was practically unknown fifteen or twenty years ago. Think of the increase in the ice-cream business, the new uses found for milk powder, such as the manufacture of billiard balls, buttons, etc., the increased use of buttermilk, and the increased use of whole milk in cities, as well as the increase in the consumption of cheese. This increased consumption, and the new uses for milk, have forced prices up, and I do not see any indication yet that dairying will be overdone for the next twenty or thirty years. We do not now produce enough butter for our own consumption. We have not been exporting butter for ten or twelve years ; and we are forced to-day to use oleomargarine and process butter because we cannot get enough good dairy and creamery butter for the table. So much for the advantages of the dairy business. It may truly be regarded as a business. It seems to me just as much a business to produce milk as it is to manufacture shoes or agricultural implements or other things of that sort; and if the business is to be successful we must put business principles back of it. The most important factor in any business, and also in the business of dairying, is the man. Unless he is the kind of a man who will put his busi- ness on a systematic business basis, the business will not reach the highest success. There is a large amount of physical labor required in farming, and we get into the habit of thinking that the physical labor is what will bring the returns. I do not wish to be understood as saying that I believe the farmer ought to work less, for there is plenty of work to do on a farm. But I believe it would pay any farmer to devote more time to the actual study of his business. Many work so hard physically that they are incapacitated for mental work. They work hard in the field all day. and in the evening they are tired and unable to study and work out the problems of the farm. Old Dr. Beal, of the .Michigan Agricultural College, made the statement one day in the classroom that he believed it would pay any farmer well to devote one day each week to the study and planning of his business. When I first heard that statement I thought it was very extravagant; but the more I thought of it, the more I was convinced of it— that it would actually pay the farmer in dollars and cents to do this. I made the statement once at a farmers' institute, and after the formal address there was a question box, and this question was found among the others : "If a farmer should have one day's vacation each week, how many davs vacation should the farmer's wife have?" But Dr. Beal did not say it was to be a vacation; and I believe you will agree with me that if the farmer devotes that one dav a week to the study of every problem in connection with his business, he will be more tired when evening comes than he would be if he had followed the plow all day. There are many other factors which go to build up a successful dairy busi- ness. There are'the selection of the cows; the breeding, care, and feeding; the marketing of the product, and the production of crops, but all these are subordinate in importance to that prime factor, the MAN. 92 The Bulletin. THE MERITS OF THE GUERNSEY COW. E. A. Bishop, American Guernsey Cattle Club. In attempting to enumerate some of the merits of Guernsey cattle, I trust no one will consider for a moment that other breeds do not possess merit, and to such a degree as to attract conservative and thoughtful men. I have had the pleasure of breetling Jerseys, Guernseys, Holsteins, and some Ayrshires. and am not insensible to the strong points of other breeds of dairy cattle. In fact, all pure-bred stock has an attraction hard to define, like the feeling toward royalty. The party who intends to take up a new breefl should consider the merits of each from a business standpoint, so far as market for stock and i^roduce is concerned. The only outlet for milk may be to a shipping point for city trade, to a condcnsary, or perhaps a creamery is near, or one may desire to make butter on the farm, or sell milk and cream to a select trade; all these would have their bearing upon the selection of a breed. But preeminent and above all should come the personal liking of the indi- vidual breeder, for upon his own fancy being gratified will depend to a large extent his success or failure with any breed. Does his admiration lead him to the large Black and AVhites with their big flow of just milk, and the little fawn-colored Jersey with her rich milk look to him like a pet, or an ornament for his lawn? Does the Ayrshire with the straight top line and fine form appeal to his fancy for type? Or perhaps the medium-sized Guern- sey, with her rich, yellow and white skin, her gentle, homelike ways, the quantity and quality of her milk, with its .vellow color, and flavor efjualed by no other breed, mai/ attract him. Then, the fact that she has the power to assimilate her feed, and yield from it a greater amount of the most valuable product of a dairy cow, viz., butter-fat, may touch his business sense. He may have a certain pride in producing a butter that needs no foreign coloring material added to make it salable. These, and others, may influence his selection, and he will succeed liest with the one that appeals to his fancy most, and should select that breed and stick to it. It is within comparatively few years (twenty, perhaps) that the Guernsey has come into prominenc<^ in the T'nited States. The first cow that I really remember bought by my father when we moved onto a farm, when I was eleven years old. was a Guernsey. This cow was yellow and white, of the true Guernsey type, and produced milk (over 20 quarts a day. a large quan- tity, we thought at that time) of a richness and yellow color that was my father's special pride. He found that 5% quarts would make I14 pounds of butter. I did not know then that she was a Guernsey ; in fact, do not remem- ber to have ever heard the name. All cattle at that time whose ancestry traced to the Channel Isles were called Alderneys. The name Alderney applied to a cow carried with it the thought of rich milk, and included all cattle with an infusion of Jersey or Guernsey blood. Just why these cattle were indiscriminately all classed as Alderneys may be a matter of some interest. At the time of their introduction into the' United States the trade between this and other countries was carried on mostly by sailing vessels, which are in this faster age superseded by steam. The Channel Islands, situated between England and France, were points at which vessels to and from England touched in their voyages across. In leav- ing the English ports of London and Portsmouth they would stop first at St. Heliero on^Jersey. then St. Peter Port on Guernsey, and last at St. Anne on Alderney, much the smaller of the three principal islands. It has been an old custom when a vessel comes into port to say that she sailed from the last port which she touched, which in this case happened to be the smallest and least important on her voyage. The ship's papers would show that she came from Alderney; consequently, any cattle that may have been brought over were said to have come from Alderney. That name meant as much to the average buyer on this side as Guernsey and Jersey, and hence came into common use. though as a matter of fact most of the cattle came from Jersey, a few from Guernsey, and occasionally one or two from Alderney. The Bulletin. 93 The island of Alderuey is only 2x4 miles in extent, not as large as some of oni- Western ranches, nor containing as many cattle, a recent census giving 700 head. The population is about 1..^00 only. Alderney is a bailiwick of Guern- sey, only 21 miles distant, and 9 miles from the coast of France. Guernsey is 9 X 13 miles, comprising about 16,000 acres, two-thirds of which, or 10,000 acres, being under cultivation. Her population is some 36,000, practically all de- pendent upon agriculture for a living. There are some 5,000 head of cattle on the island, or one to every two acres. Jersey, much the largest and most important of the group, with a circumference of 30 miles, and a population of from 42,000 to 44,000, will be referred to here only for comparison of size, as conditions on the two are similar. For more than a century the people of these islands, from their nearness to France, are mostly of French origin, and have guarded most jealously the purity of their cattle, and stringent laws have been' passed forbidding the importing of any cattle to the Islands except for immediate slaughter, under penalty of confiscation of the cattle, the vessel bringing them over, and the imposition of a heavy fine. This jealousy of the purity of breeding of their cattle caused the extension of the law so that it applied to any exchange of cattle between Jersey and Guernsey. Alderney, Sark, and Herm, being bailiwicks of Guernsey, the cattle are the same in breeding and general characteristics. Both Guernseys and Jerseys were probably of similar origin, descended from the Normandy and Brittany stock, though there still exists a difference of opinion in regard to this. The Guernseymen using the large red bulls and the Jersey men the small fawn ones, two. types have been established and developed along definite lines. The Jerseyman seeing a profitable market for his cattle in England if he could combine with richness in milk and butter an animal that would have the gracefulness of the deer and be an ornament on the big lawns of the English estates, used his skill in breeding, to perfect an animal of this type. How well he has succeeded we are all glad to bear testi- mony, for the beauty of the Jersey is quite generally conceded. The Guernsey- man was a more conservative fellow, and had implicit faith in the superiority of his yellow and white cow. He believed that no other gave so large a quantity of such yellow, fine-flavored milk, or to his eyes looked so good, with her gold and white skin and gentle disposition. She was a member of the family, being raised, milked, and tethered out dally by his wife and children. The average farm on Guernsey is from two to twenty acres, and a man who has twenty is not apt to have it all in one tract. With land worth around $1,000 an acre, and rents ranging from $50 to $75 and $100 an acre, laud cannot be turned out for grazing and pa.sture, as we do in this country. Most of the cattle are tethered out and moved about during the day, as the grass is eaten close. The climate permits of pasture most of the year, and roots, hay, oil cake and oats are fed instead of heavy grains. This has given the breed a strong constitution, and enabled her to withstand the pressure of dairy condi- tions in this country. I have been frequently asketl if they are free from tuberculosis. In reply I can only say that I know of no breed that is; but that their hardiness and strong constitution is a most valuable asset in Avith- standing this scourge of our dairy cattle. While the cattle of Jersey and Guei-nsey have added greatly to the wealth of the islands of late, they have been kept mainly for the manure, as the island is famous for and derives its chief income from its garden products and flowers, every farmer, or gardener as we should call them in this country, having his glass houses for raising products for the London market. The first importation to this country of which we have an authentic record was the bringing over of a bull and two cows by a sailing master for his brother who lived on Cow Island in Lake Winnipesaukee, N. II. This was in 1833. Several \Aere brought to Philadelphia in 1S40 and 1865, and in 1872 the former president of the club brought some to Boston. These attracted so much atten- tion that the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture sent one of their members to the island for an importation. Connecticut soon did likewise. These imported Guernseys were kept closely on a few estates in the East, and the demand for any surplus was such that no attempt was made to extend their reputation among the general public. 94 The Bulletin. It was in 1S77 that tlie first Herd Register started with 150 animals, most of them imported, whose pedigrees could be traced to the islands. From this small beginning, the club has grown until to-day it has some 375 active mem- bers, scattered from Maine to California. There have been over 60,000 ani- mals registered, 40.000 cows and 20,000 bulls, some 7.000 being entered last year, and a slightly larger number of transfers. About SOD head were brought over from the island in the past year. The income from fees shows a gain of 23 per cent over last year. The general business of the otiice had shown an increase of 07^2 per cent in two years, while last year it showetl a gain of 391/5 over the previous year. This rapid growth made in three years, together with the Advanced Register work, which has more than doubled in the same length of time, made the need of larger quarters for its office force imperative. Property was purchased in the center of the town, convenient to postoffice, bank, printing office, and railroad. A force of twenty-one persons is now constantly busy handling the work of the office. The first public tests that brought the Guernsey to the front and into the public eye were the breed tests, conducted by the New Jersej" Experiment Station in 1SS9 and 1S90. The results show that the Guernseys made a net profit of .^28.23 Jerseys made a net profit of 18.(57 Holsteins made a net profit of 6.71 Ayrsliires made a net profit of 0.64 Shorthorns made a net profit of 9.32 In 1891 and 1892 the New York Experiment Station conducted a breed test along similar lines, with the following results. These were young heifers : Trofit on 2 Guernseys .$27.60 Profit on 3 Jerseys 22.17 Profit on 1 Holstein 5.75 Profit on 4 Ayrshires 3.67 Profit on 2 Ilolderness 4.65 Profit on 2 Devons 4.30 These figures show conclusively the standing of the Guernsey, and her preeminence as the most profitable breed under test. The next appearance was at the World's Fair in 1893 in the famous Breed Test. Her reward here was a source of great satisfaction to her admirers. Her handsome appearance and honest work attracttxl large numbers of new friends. The records, when summarized, showed that she had made butter at the lowest cost per pound — Guernsey 13.1 cents, Jersey 13.3 cents. Shorthorn 15.S cents, thus confirming the work done by the experiment stations. Ill 1901 came the great Pan-American Dairy Breed Test, the only test of dairy cattle in which all the breeds participated. At Chicago the Holsteins and Ayrshires did not compete, at St. Louis the Ayrshires and Guernseys were not represented. In Buffalo the Guernsey was represented by five cows, as were all the other breeds. The test was wholly under the supervision of the Department of Agriculture of the Exposition, and its purpose was to see which breed would make the greatest net profit upon each of the four following points : a. Production of butter-fat. b. Production of cliurned butter. c. Production of total solids in milk. d. Production of total solids and gain in live weight. At the close the following awards were announced : The prize for the net profit in butter-fat is won by the Guernseys by a net profit of $4.66. The prize for the net profit in churned butter is won by the Guernseys by a net profit of $5.86. The prize on total solids or milk production was won by the Holsteins. The Guernseys not only made butter at the lowest cost per pound, but returned the greatest profit for every dollar invested In feed. 'utter-fat. Butter. $1.67 $1.60 1.63 1.55 1.55 1.60 1.54 1.46 1.54 1.51 1.43 1.39 1.27 1.17 1.24 1.20 1.06 1.01 .86 .84 The Bulletin. 95 Cost Per Pound Profit for Every Dollar of Butter, in hiveited in Feed. Cents. Guernseys 9.31 Jerseys 9.48 French Canadians 9.76 Polled Jerseys 9.S0 Ayrshires 9.S1 Red Polled 10.27 Holsteins 10.93 Brown Swiss 11.14 Shorthorns 12.10 Dutch Belt 13.27 In the scoring of butter she again led all other breeds, with a total of 96.34. the Jersey coming next with 95.80. In color she scored 14.97 out of a possible 15. As an outcome of these public tests the Advanced Register was started to demonstrate the individual capacity of the Guernsey cow for a full j-ear. Reference to this work will be made later. In the matter of cow-testing associations we are behind the times. The first that we know anything about was organized in Denmark in 1895. At that time Denmark averaged 112 pounds butter per cow. Five to six hundred cow- testing associations have changed that to 224 pounds butter per cow. To-day there are over 1,700 cow-testing associations in Europe alone. The first to be organizetl in the United States was in 1905, and we now have 81, 'where we ought to have a thousand. As the number increases, and we learn to care for and feed our cattle in a proper manner, and conduct our dairy as we should, our profits will increase proportionally, and we shall help decrease the cost of living, and add our mite toward solving the great problem of to-day. We are robbing our families by spending our labor and money in feeding a lot of scrub cows who do not pay their board. Kill and eat the scrub, thus adding to our beef supply and reducing the cost to consumers, while putting money in the farmer's pocket. Instead of milking 20 cows. 10 of whom do not pay for th&ir feed, milk half as many and make more money. For every dollar that the consumer pays for food the farmer gets less than one-half. Blame the middleman as much as we may, the farmer is not wholly guiltless in the manner of conducting busi- ness at /n'.s' end. Wisconsin is famed the country over as a great dairy State, yet the average Wisconsin cow produces less than 200 pounds of commercial butter a year, or just a little over the cost of her feed. In the Wisconsin Dairy Cow Competi- tion the first prize herd averaged 16.044 pounds milk and nearly 600 pounds butter-fat. Two-thirds of all the cows produced over 400 pounds butter-fat. One cow yielded a profit of $1.54.44 for the year, while the average for the 395 cows was $62.85. Holsteins produced the largest return per cow. but the Guernsey produced more butter-fat for every unit of feed consumed, which proved them to be the most economical producers. Inside breed lines the larger cows gave the largest net returns; 448 pure-bred and 55 grade cows were entered. Many items of Interest to dairymen and those contemplating entering the field aiid are undecided as to the breed to start with, can be gleaned from the results of this test. We note that one group of 10 cov/s made an average of 630.60 pounds butter- fat: one group of 10 cows made an average of 3.53.20 pounds butter-fat. Farther, that the net returns from the first group was $103.01 per cow; the net returns from the second group was $39.24 per cow. In other words, it is the cow that makes the largest amount of butter-fat that gives the greatest net returns. In every case the net returns are in direct proportion to the produc- tion of butter-fat. Furthermore, the largest cows make the greatest net returns, not onlv as individuals, but in groups of 10. This cow contest, open to all grades of any breed, gave some very valuable data regarding the prepotency of the Guernsey bull, and the superiority of the Guernsey grades. The 24 grade Guernseys in that competition averaged 96 The Bulleti:n'. 10,073 pounds milk and 475 pounds butter-fat — more tbau double the average in any State of the Union. The largest record was made by a half-blood. Guernsey, who gave 15,744 pounds milk and 729.87 pounds butter-fat; and remember further, this cow calved again during the year of her test, proving that big records are not necessarily made at the expense of injuring the breed- ing quality of the cow. The cost of her food at market prices was $99.20. This may seem large, dut the net return at Wisconsin creamery prices was $130.25 for fat alone, above cost of feed. The next highest records made by grades of other breeds were: Ilolsteiu — 20,541 pounds milk. 044.40 pounds butter-fat; profit, $97.48. Jersey — 9,889 pounds milk, 554 pounds butter-fat; profit, $90.47. Neither reaching the 100 mark, but 3 other Guernseys (grades) made a larger net profit than the best of any other breeds, viz. : Bessie — 12,195 pounds milk ; G.59.30 pounds butter-fat ; profit, $128.79. Favorite— 12,3GS pounds milk ; GOO pounds butter-fat ; profit, $101.35. Glenwood — 11,517 pounds milk, GOU.GO pounds butter-fat; profit, $100.08. Bessie was only 3 years and 4 months old at start of test. With such results obtained from grades, you will not be surprised when I tell you that several car-loads of grade Guernseys have been sold for an average of $150 per head. Purchase a Guernsey bull. This explains why there is a demand for every pure-bred Guernsey bull calf at satisfactory prices to the breeder, a condition which exists, we believe, in no other breed. Even the medium-grade bulls are in strong demand to head grade herds in the middle West, where dairying and the creamery are fast driving out the beef-cattle industry, higher-priced land and feed products making this necessary. With the cheaper lands, long grazing seasou, and the variety of crops adapted to our Southern climate, the South to-day affords the most favorable section of the country for increasing, not only the meat supply, but also milch cows and butter. The South needs the cattle to conserve the fertility of her lands, diversify crops, and increase its wealth. The country at largo is ready and anxious to take all the prfxlucts, both meat and butter, at profitable figures for the farmer. The little cattle tick is at present the stone that is hindering progress, and needs to be rolled out of the way. One-fifth of the infected area has been cleaned in the last five years, and this work should be pushed to completion in every Southern State and county. The work that is being lone by the Government in developing and improving the conditions on dairy farms in the South, as well as other sections, is yield- ing very promising results, and the work should be extended. But what has this to do with the Guernsey cow? Simply this: the product that will prove most profitable to the Southern farmer is cream, either for the creamery or butter at home to supply the large cities, permitting him to keep the skim-milk on the farm for raising calves or pigs. The scientist gives us another reason. He tells us that selling cream or butter-fat does not deplete the fertility of the farm, while selling milk does. For the production of this butter-fat. the results of breed tests throughout the country have proved the Guernsey to be the most desirable and profitable animal. But there are other points of superiority to which we have not alluded. Aside from the ciuantity and richness of her milk, it has a nutty flavor and yellow color that surpasses the milk of any other breed. This color is not in the cream alone, but is in the skim-milk also, and adds greatly to its attractiveness and salability. when compared with the blue product from other breeds. The modern method of marketing milk in bottles, instead of tin cans as formerly, shows up this qualitj'. It is useless to tell the housewife that two bottles of milk, one from a Guernsey and the other from another breed, are the same in richness, even if we assure her the chemist has told us the amount of cream or butter-fat is the same. Since gold has been the most valuable coin, yellow is synonymous with rich- ness. The yellow Guernsey milk will be declared the richer and better by consumers genera 11}% which means that it is more salable, even if the quality was not any better, ichich it is. This yellow pigment so noticeable in the skin of the Guernsey, especially in the ears and at the end of the tail, is The Bulletin. 97 characteristic of the breed, though of course varying in degree with the indi- vidual. To Guernsey breeders I cannot let slip this opportunity for drawing their attention to this inherent characteristic of the Guernsey, equaled by no other breed, and which every breeder should have constantly in mind, and use every effort to perpetuate in his herd. The richness and color of the Guernsey milk stand to-day preeminent and should be fostered by every owner. As the best method of becoming better acquainted with one's herd and the individual cows in it, I cannot refrain from again calling attention to the cow-testing associations and a few results picked up at random. Ne- braska Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 129, gives the results of the Douglas County Cow-testing Association. T\venty-one herds .of 435 cows were entered. The 10 best cows brought in $1,032.88 more than the value of their food. The 10 poorest brought in .$57.82, or an actual loss on their keep. The best cows gave $4.17 for each dollar's worth of food eaten, the poorest 55 cents for each dollar's worth . of grain. The result of one year's work in this county was the raising of the average yield per cow by 50 pounds butter-fat and the building of IS silos. The book account of a creamery showed that one patron who had 9 cows received in one year $873. Another, who had 17, received only $697. Think of keeping almost twice as many cows and getting $176 less cash return. Creamery owners should interest themselves to see that a pure-bred bull is available for their patrons who do not own one, for there is no question about the wisdom of grading up the herds. AN EXPERIENCE IN IOWA. "While in Iowa recently, I had occasion to go to a creamery to test some milk. While busy testing, a farmer who had driven up with a large tank wagon ste])ped in the room to see what I was doing, evidently noting that I was a stranger, and opened up conversation. Evidently he had something on his mind, for one of his first questions was, "What is the best breed of cattle for milk?" "That," I said, "would depend upon conditions, whether milk or cream was to be sold, and the market available." He wished to make milk for the creamery, and stated that he now had grade Shorthorns that yielded an average of $30 a year for butter-fat. "Great Scott!" I ejaculated, "$2.50 a month." I must have been a little emphatic in expressing my surprise, for he quickly replied: "It is pretty small, and I have got to make some change." He then told me he had been on the same farm seventeen years, and "started with grade Jerseys, but they were too small and restle.ss, calves too puny to make veal, hardly fit for wolf bait," to use his own words. "So," he said, "I got rid of the whole plagued lot, and got grade Shorthorns." I found by inquiry of the creamery operator that sixteen years before, when that man began bringing cream, they paid 11 cents per pound for butter-fat. while now they paid 32 cents for the year. I said to my farmer: "That price looks good to me, if you have good cows." "Well," he said, "you can see just what I am doing now. Here is my cream check for last month." Looking at it, I saw that it was for $91.91. in payment for 290.5 pounds butter-fat. "How many cows?" I asked. "Twenty-one," he replied. A little example in division showed that he was getting an average of 14.1 pounds butter-fat per cow, selling for $4.37, the total average income per month from each cow, and that on .July jiasture. Even this was much in excess of his year's aA'crage. I must have looked my surprise again, for he broke out with, "Well, I ought to change! I had thought of getting Holsteins; they give 'such a lot of skim-milk for the pigs." I must have just smiled at this, and remarked that he might be right on that, but I understood he wanted cream. "I do," he said; to which I replied: "Why not get cows that will give cream, then, and at a profit? Guernseys are pretty good at that." I said that I noticed him drawing buttermilk with his tank wagon, and he told me he had the contract to take all the creamery made, at 65 cents per hundred gallons, which was 10 cents more than he had to pay last year, it being sold by bid annually. "Well," I said, "it will be difficult to beat that with Hol- steins. When at the Agricultural College at Ames, they told me 200 pounds buttermilk was equal to a bushel of corn for hog feed, and 65 cents for 100 gallons, or 850 pounds, is the same as buying corn at 15 cents a bushel." 7 — December 98 The Bulletin. This made him think better of his buttermilli coutract, and the wisdom of holding to it. He said it was very hard to get men to milk cows these days, and believed he would get some grade Guernseys, even if he did not get quite as much skim-milk from them. Right here a comparison of per cent of cream or butter-fat obtained from the two breeds may be of interest. From Superintendent Gardner's report of the Holstein-Friesian Advanced Register, we see that the average per cent of butter-fat for over 5,000 cows, which had been admitted up to .July 1st. was 3.5 per cent, while the average for all the Guernseys in the Advanced Register is over 5 per cent, almost half as much again. Most of these tests are short seven-day ones, taken soon after freshening. Some very valuable and interesting results have been obtained by Prof. C. II. Eckles of the Missouri Experiment Station, and published in Bulletin No. 100. entitled "Influence of Fatness of Cow at Parturition on Per Cent of Fat in ;Milk." I would advise a careful reading of the entire bulletin by all cow owners. A few of the results obtained are well worth our careful consid- eration at this time. One table shows that the same cow who gave an aver- age per cent under seven-day tests of 4..S5 per cent gave for the year only 3.42 per cent. Summing up the results of the records made at the Experi- ment Stations together with those obtained from short-time tests by the Holstein-Friesian Advanced Register records, the following conclusions were reached : "The per cent of butter-fat in milk can be influenced to a marked degree for tlio first twenty to thirty days by the fatness of the animal at parturition. This influence appears to extend in some cases in a less degree for at least three months. T;nd(>r- feeding of the animal after parturition seems to be a necessary condition lo bring alvrut this abnormal per cent of fat in the milk. Tests of dairy cows made for short intervals in the beginning of the lactation period cannot be depended ujion to indicate the normal per cent of fat pro- duced by the cows tested." The importance of having the cow in gooii condi- tion at time of freshening is made apparent, and should lie carefully noted by all dairymen. The dairyman is a manufacturer pure and simple, handling living machines to convert grass, hay, ensilage, and grain, together with labor, into highly finished and delicate products, milk and butter. Skill of no mean order for such work is requiretl. or the machine goes wrong and the product is poor, and brings a price below the cost of manufacture. The farmer argues this way : Why should I produce a 5 per cent milk when the law says 3 or 3.5 I^er cent will pass? And he determines to give just as low a grade as possible, especially where he is wholesaling and does not come in direct contact with the consumer. In jiractically all large towns and cities there is a demand at satisfactory prices for a high-grade milk. With all the stir these days about pure foods, tuberculosis, etc., a fair price can readily be obtained for a certi- fied product, or one with a guaranteed jjer cent of butter-fat and that satisfies the eye and is pleasant to the taste. To fill this demand no breed can equal the Guernsey. In a letter received a few days ago from the manager of an Ohio herd, whose market is a manufacturing town where low prices prevail, he states that their milk readily commands 2 cents per quart over other milk. and that during the flush season when other dairymen are selling for 4 cents and 5 cents, theirs sells for 8 cents the entire year. Their butter brings 10 cents premium at wholesale over Elgin prices, no artificial coloring being used. What is true in this manufacturing town is true elsewhere to even a greater degree. Where can Guernseys be bought, and why is the price so high? I will answer the last first by asking another : Is it a good article or a poor one that sells for the most money? Guernseys are not found heaped on the bar- gain counters or driven to the stock yards. Buyers are hunting them in all quarters, and the owner has to refuse to sell if he would keep his stock, in many cases. An illustration will show how one Vermont Yankee figured it out. While in Vermont one winter at a dairymen's convention, an old farmer came in wearing a great fur coat, and in talking with him, he told me he kept Guernseys. It seems that a year before he had gone to a breeder in another town to buy a Guernsey heifer, and was given his choice of four for The Bulletin. 99 .$90 each. Seeing another that he fancied, he was told that it would take .$150 to buy hei'. This was too much for the old man, and he went home without buying any. But those heifers were imprinted on his mind. A couple of weeks found him taking another trip, just to see them. It resulted in his buying the $150 heifer, with the understanding that the price paid was not to be made known, as he said he feared his neighbors would think he was losing his judgment and should have a guardian appointed. He kept this heifer a year and she had freshened and was in milk, when a buyer from Iowa getting up a car-load of Guernseys to ship to Des Moines for sale at auction came along and bought several head from liim at good round prices, and then wanted him to price this heifer; but he refused to put any price on her, saying he wanted her himself. The buyer finally offered him .$500, but he said no, she was not for sale. As I was talking with the old man a neighbor came up. and with a look at him said. "Why did you not sell that heifer when offered .$500 for her? That is a big price and profit on what you paid" — for the matter had leaked out. In a very deliberate manner, he answered : "So it was, but she is paying me 6 per cent on .$1.G00. and I propose to keep her." Six per cent is the legal rate of interest in Vermont. There is a shrewd, hard-headed Yankee's way of figuring on values and prices as applied to Guernsey cattle. ITEMS FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF SOME GUERNSEY BREEDERS. One breeder in Massachusetts states that no comparisons of the Guernsey breed with others are necessary, as the Guernsey stands in a class by itself, and that he is unable to supply the demand for the animals themselves, or the product, either as milk, cream, or butter. While the average milk yield per cow in the United States is 3,650 pounds a year, his herd has averaged 10,000 pounds a year for each cow since the herd was established. A Vermont breeder states that his herd of 20 cows returned the sum of .$4,207 in one year, an average of .$210..35 each. Estimating the cost of keep- ing a cow, feed, care, interest, and depreciation at .$115. left him a net profit of ,$9.5.35 each for the 20 cows ; no allowance made for fertilizer. A Wisconsin farmer, dissatisfied with the results of his 50-acre farm, after careful investigation, decided to introduce Guernseys. By purchase of a Guernsey bull he gradually changed from gi-ades to pure-breds. What has been the result? He has been able to produce $115 per cow in milk at a cost of $45 for feed. The farm enlarged to CO acres has increased in fertility, so that it carries 50 head. Instead of $300 per year for milk, they now get $2,500. The fine yellow cream finds ready sale. Instead of a bunch of veal calves to sell at $5 each, the increase of his herd brings $.50 to .$200 per head. Mr. G. says il\€y Jove the Guernsey cow; and no wonder. They have had a good living and the comforts of home, while the farm has increased in value. The children have been sent to school and college and an independence assured. Others are doing as well. In selecting a breed, consider the merits of all and then decide what one will fill your requirements. Any pure-bred is better than a scrub. Keep in mind that the one most commonly kept in your locality, and the cheapest and easiest to obtain, may not be the most profitable, especially when it comes to selling the increase of your herd. My experience in selling live stock is, have a breefl that is superior to and not generally kept in the locality. Stick to that breefl, and do not wish you had some other ; changing is not easy and is very expensive. THE ADVANCED REGISTER. We hear a great deal these days about A. R. work among pure-bred dairy cattle organizations, and as The American Guernsey Cattle Club was the first breed association to establish an Advanced Register on the true measure of utility of a dairy cow. viz., what she can do for one year in the production of butter-fat, supervised by an agricultural experiment station, this discussion of the merits of the Guernsey would not be complete without some reference to it. The Guernsey Club makes the time limit one full year, regardless of whether the cow is dry for several months or not, and by having the tests supervised 100 The Bulletin. by our agricultural colleges or experiment stations, wholly disinterested par- ties, makes them official and above any question of doubt as to reliability. Nothing less than a year is believed to give an accurate idea of the real mel'it of a dairy animal so far as actual knowledge and value is concerned. We used to hear a great deal about individuality, pedigree, type, etc., and we do still; but these terms in the Guernsey breeder's mind have had to measure up to utility as the cardinal principle and standard to which all must conform. Utility is a word that describes quality, which all can recognize. Individuality and type are more elusive and difhcult to define to the satisfac- tion of all. They are likely to vary with persons having different ideals ; furthermore, they are external qualities, and do not appeal to the farmer, who deiiends upon what the cow yields. The impression made in the pail and on his cream check, rather than the lens of a camera or his eye, ajipeals to him. To him, a cow is a cow, if she gives a maximum amount of milk from a given quantity of feed, and your talk about individuality and type, important as they may be, goes in one ear and out the other. Pedigree we understand, or think we do, and often talk quite wisely about it as we point to some of the animals in our herds. The pedigree of an animal is the history of its i)arents. Every scrub bull you ever saw has a petligree. only you have not traced it out as carefully as you have that of your bull with the long, unpronounceable name. The scrub bull has parentage and a history ; but because not known, or undesirable, he goes in the scrub class and no chart is made of his ancestors. There are bi'eeders who value their animals because they have a chart of their ancestors, rather than from their merit. You can buy one of these charts for .$1. There are many scrub pedigreed bulls, ani- mals whose ancestors have been charted, and yet they ought to be entered in the scrub class. The simple possession of a name and registry number permits them to do untold harm to the breed they come from. How is the buyer to know whetlier he is getting a pedigreed scrub to head his herd or notV It is at this point that the Advanced Kegister comes in to help him out in the selection of stock. The true value of a cow can only be determined by her record fts a producer at the pail, and by her offspring ; the bull by what his sons and daughters are doing. The real demand of the practical dairyman is for cows that can show a balance on the right side of the sheet at the end of the year. An apparent profit during seven days, three or even six months, and eating it all up the next six months, does not meet the requirements of the far-sighted dairyman. His cows must, furthermore, be in perfect condition for continuing their yield at the pail for years to come, and then, most important of all, she must be a regular breeder, and possess the power of transmitting these qualities to her offspring. Her sons must l>e prepotent sires and her daughters equal or excel her at the pail. The ability to perpetuate these strong qualities must be dominant, or she fails as the ideal dairy animal. The standard of the breed should be raisetl through her offspring. Buyers in the past have looked to the show ring for improving their herds. Individuality rather than productivity was the accepted standard. The prize winners did not always prove to be the best producers or regular breeders, and a better method of determining the true merits of a cow was demande.") days in the year, and do not know the good ones, and whether or not they pay for their feed?" But I merely say I do not believe he does, even though the farmer milks the cows every day. One cow comes in fresh and gives 40 or 50 pounds of milk a day, and the farmer wonders at and remembers the great milk flow she gave when The Bulletin. 107 she was fresh. She may peter out at the end of two or three mouths, and be dry for the rest of the year ; but he remembers only the big flow she gave wheu she was fresh, aud does not remember the long time she was dry. An- other cow may give a moderate flow of milk, but stick to it all the year, aud at the end of the year show a good profit. Still the same farmer does not get a good opinion of this cow, because he does not remember the long time she was giving milk, while he does remember that her daily How was but moderate. Again, some cows are so nice to milk, so gentle and kind, aud they are kept for that reason and thought to be good cows. That is not a good way of selecting cows, for many of these cows that are nice to milk are simply star boarders. The best method to use in selecting cows for breeding purposes is to combine the records of the Babcock test and the milk scales with good judg- ment regarding the conformation and constitution of the animal. liight here I want to say that Mr. Eaton, of the State Department of Agri- culture, is doing considerable herd record work, and I think you ought to get in touch with him, for he will be glad to help any dairyman institute this system of record keeping in his herd. You will find after you go to testing your herd, or if you get enough men interested to form a cow-testing association, that there are three general classes of covrs. One class take a certain amount of feed, digest and assimi- late it, and convert it into choice cuts of meat upcm their backs. If this is the tendency of a cow, she is a good beef animal, and we ought to make beef of her just as soon as possible. Another class will take the same amount of feed, digest and assimilate it, and put it into the milk pail in the form of milk. And if that is a cow's tendency or predisposition, then she is a dairy cow, no matter what her color. The third class of cows will take the same amount of feed, digest and assimilate it, and the Lord only knows what they do with it. They make it into neither beef nor milk. Now, we have entirely too many of this last class of cows in our herds to-day. They have no proper place there, and I have no sympathy for a mau who will keep that kind of a cow. He is not the right kind of man to be a dairyman. He is a cow-keeper. He keeps cows, instead of letting the cows keep him. In Fremont, Michigan, in the first cow-testing association organized in this country, the average production of butter-fat per cow during the first year was 21.5 pounds. In the course of four years this association increased the butter- fat production per cow to 2G4 pounds in a year. At the same time they doubled the profit per cow, in spite of the fact that feed went up considerably during these four years. They accomplished this great result simply by culling out the poor animals and raising the heifer calves from the good cows. How much is a cow worth that produces 21.'5 pounds of butter-fat per year? She is worth about $G0. If she produces 204 pounds a year, she is worth a good deal more, because the 50 extra pounds are nearly all clear profit, for it costs but very little more to keep her, and what is produced beyond the cost of feed we may consider clear profit. If these .50 pounds of butter-fat were sold at .30 cents a pound, she would bring us in $15 a year more than the other cow, which is 6 per cent interest on .$2.50. In the same way, the calves from cows which produce 264 pounds of butter-fat in a year are worth a good deal more than the calves from cows which produce only 215. You get more pleasure from owning and caring for a good cow than a poor one. It is harder work to get up and milk a lot of poor cows every morning ; but if the cows are good, you are interestetl in them, and the milking is not nearly so hard work. There should be more pleasure in our worlc and less drudgery. What is the use of doing drudgery, when we can put a good deal of pleasure into the work by keeping better cows? In order to form a cow-testing association, you need 26 farmers, owning about 400 cows, in order to get the charges down to a reasonable amount and so that you can get a good man to do the testing. This cow tester, besides furnishing a record of your herd, helps you in a great many ways. He will practically take charge of feeding the herd, if you wish it. Some men will study the record and the individuality of each cow and feed her as an indi- vidual, in that way feeding economically and getting her up to the highest 108 The Bulletin, prodiiotiou. The cow tester may save the farmer many a dolhir in this way, by advising the right kind of feed and feeding it to the right Ivind of cow, preventing the overfeeding of a cow that has not the dairy capacity, and at the same time feeding the dairy cow enough to develop her capacity. That is one of the great opportunities for the cow tester to help the farmer, if he works intelligently to get the best results. He would have a table for each cow, giving the amount of milk and butter-fat she produces, and the amount of grain she ought to have to keep up her yield. On many dairy farms all the cows are fed alike. The good cows do not get enough and the poor ones get too much. So the cow tester can help the farmer save feed. The chairman has asked me to say a few words about cooperation in Denmark. The Danish farmer, previous to 1S48, was a serf. He did not have the right to move from his community into the next community, but was obliged to stay in his own community. I presume that in days gone by, when they had nobility, they passed a law and fixed it so that the laborer could not move from one place to another. They wanted to keep him in one place so that they could have the use of him. The Danish farmer was a peasant farmer, renting the laud ; and the farming class was about the lowest class in the country. But it came to the point where he began to bestir him- self, began to be educated. They would not admit him to the ct)mmon schools, so the farmers organized schools of their own, coiiporative schools, where they could go and receive instruction on their particular work, on history, on arithmetic, and all school subjects. In the course of a few years they had become more educated and l)egau to see the injustice of things and to feel more independent. Finally they organized and threw off that restriction about not moving from place to place, and that made them feel still more independent. Still there wei-e wonderful odds against them — the nobility, the industries, the capital, even the church. But while they had no friends, they found that, if one man could not get ahead, still by organizing, by cooperation, in small communities of 20. 80, 50, or 100, they could make an impression on the Government, lofal or State, and could get what they wished. So there sprang up in Denmark little coiiperativc societies, and these societies established themselves as stores, as building clubs, as cow-testing associations, as creameries, as bull clubs, as loan associations. Everything in Denmark to-day is cooperative. In 1870 the Danish nation was practically bankrupt. Money for the Danish nation cost 12 per cent on the English bourse in 1870. Last year Denmark was the second richest nation in the world. The richest nation is England, with a per capita wealth of $15.80; next Denmark, with $15.34; next France, with $15; then this country, with pretty close to $15. This is the fourth nation in Iter capita wealth; but Denmark is the second in wealth, in spite of being bankrui)t forty years ago. The reason Denmark has come to the front is the peasant farmer, who less than one hundred years ago was a serf. He has come to the front by coopera- tion, in spite of great odds. The otids really bring out the best in a man. If we have smooth sailing right along we do not develop into the right sort of men. Rich men's sons have smooth sailing all the way, and they do not generally amount to much. The Danish peasant farmer has had great odds against him, but he learned to fight, got into the habit, and won out at last. They have over there the cooperative creamery, something like 1,200 creameries in a territory about half as large as the State of North Carolina. The eggs are marketed in a cooperative way, and if any one delivers a bad egg he is fined $5. The birthday is marked on every egg, and the name of the person delivering it. If the English find any bad eggs, they write back to the egg club, and the member who delivered the bad egg is fined. The eggs are guaranteed, and they bring more on the English market than any other eggs. It is the same way with bacon. England is the market for Danish butter, eggs, and bacon. There are 38 or 40 cooperative packing plants in Denmark where the hogs are killed and made ready for the market. They find a ready sale, and the money comes back in a few days. They started in with one packing plant ; now they have close to 40. They have cooperative stores, they buy fertilizers in a cooperative way, and buy seed that way. Everything in Denmark is cooperative; cooperation has The Bulletin. 109 permeated every phase of agriculture. It seems to me that the principle of cooperation ought to be adopted in this country. I would not adopt it on such a large scale, but begin to experiment with it. Cooperation will succeed anywhere it is rightly organized. Where it has not succeeded it is because there has been some fault in the organization. Take the cooperative cream- ery, for instance, with which I am more familiar than with other cooperative forms. When a cooperative creamery is organized they get the pledges of the farmers who can supply enough milk for a creamery to send their milk to the creamery for ten years. If any drop out, they will lose what financial interest they have in the creamery. They agree to ship their milk there for ten years, and they send in the milk and are paid for it. The manager reserves, say, 5 cents on each one hundred pounds, and a farmer loses this if he drops out ; so it makes him stick to the creamery when otherwise he would pull out. No stock is issued before the end of the ten years. The creamery is financed on these pledges to supply the milk for a certain length of time. But I want to go back where I started. The most important factor in any industry is the man. Unless he is the right kind of a man he will not have much success. He must have ideals, and he must stick to those ideals. We must have goals to aim for, a purpose in life, and then we ought not to let anything swerve us from our purpose. Many of us lose interest and grow cowardly, but the man who can stick to his ideals will succeed. I want to tell you of an instance which happened in northern Michigan. A man who had been in the lumber business for a number of years had built up a very successful business, and he wanted to turn over this business at his death to some one who would carry it on. He had no near relatives, so he decided to adopt a young boy and train him in the business, and he adver- tised for a bright boy. There were many answers from boys wanting a chance, and one day he called all the boys together and said to them, "Now, boys, I am going to tell you a story, and when I am through you can ask me questions about it." And this was the story : "A man built a barn, a fine barn. It was two stories high and 60 feet wide, and it was painted red. He planted an acre of corn back of the barn, but the crows got in the corn. So one day he loaded his shotgun, got behind the fence, and blazed away at the crows. But the wadding in the shotgun caught fire and set fire to the barn, and bui'ned it up. Now, boys, do you want to ask any questions?" One boy asked, "Was there any stock in the barn?" Another asked, "Was it insured?" But one boy said. "Did he get the crow?" And that last boy was the one the lumber man selected ; that was the kind of boy he wanted, one who could stick to the main purpose until he accomplished it. Dr. D. H. Hill : Two summers ago I was staying on the side of a mountain up in West Virginia. As I was walking along the road one night I heard a little boy call out to another, "Come and see the light !" I asked where the light came from, and the boy told me to look across the valley. After a little while I could hear the rumble of a train, and then a great light from the headlight of an engine flashed out over the valley, and every little boy called to the others to come and see the light. A few years ago a great man arose in our country, an agricultural engineer. He projected a great light that shone all over the country, and people called to each other to come and see the light. I do not need to tell this audience that that man was Dr. Knapp. He had an ideal, and fortunately for this Nation, God spared him to a ripe old age to start the ideal, Avhich I am sure you will carry out — the ideal that the farmer should be the most intelligent man in all the com- 110 The Bulletin. nninity; that lie should base his work on accurate information and should not work in the dark. He wanted to carry that ideal into every home. So he went about his work, a simple, unaffected, grand old man. We have not seen in our generation many men so filled with an unsel- fish desire to do what is best for his fellow-man. I shall consider it one of the greatest blessings of my life to have known that man well. Much of the inspiration gone into the South in recent years has come from his brain. It is now proposed that the South shall erect a monu- ment 1o that man — not of brass or marble, but a living monument. His people propose to establish a school for farm boys and farm girls which shall be his memorial, a school to serve as a model for all the schools we are projecting, a school where all the essentials are taught, such a school as they have in Denmark. This school shall serve as a beacon-light to show other schools that are being established in America what can be done toward teaching the fundamentals of good farming in tbe schools. Mr. Early has come to talk about this school, and he asked me to say a few words of introduction as to this good man. I wish every school child of Xorth Carolina would put one penny in the school proposed as a memorial to this man. "We want every child to have an individual interest in it, so that he can feel that he helped to build that school, that he helped to build the memorial of this man, so simple, so unselfish, who touched the life of the whole Southern people. Major W. A. Graham : I am sure we are glad to have this gentle- man come here to talk about Dr. Knapp, and about the memorial that the South is going to erect for him. i^ations with no monuments soon pass away, and we want many monuments to our great men, not neces- sarily of brass or stone, but living monuments such as this projected school. TVe have here a representative meeting of farmers, and you know that the politician is very fond of the farmer. But the politicians have done but little for the farmers, and it is men like Dr. Knapp who have helped the farmers of the South. Dr. Knapp left his life- work behind him. Though he has passed away, his Avork is still here, and from it we expect great things. But we cannot advance so long as we feel that every man lives to himself, so long as he has the feeling of having nothing to do with his neighbor. If we can get farmers to cooperate we shall see advances all along the line. Dr. Knapp wanted every man to feel that he was a part of the machine, that he was necessary to his neighbors; and now we want every farmer here to have a part in this work of raising this memorial to Dr. Knapp. When we pass away we want our children to feel that they have a part in this memorial which will hand down the memory of this man to future generations ; and so, for the sake of our children, Ave want every man to help in the erection of this great school. The Bulletin. Ill THE KNAPP MEMORIAL SCHOOL AND FARM. Address by Mr. E.vely. I am very glad to have a few words to say to you about Dr. Knapp. I feel that it is a great honor to go over the entire South and to take part in the establishment of an all-South institute which is the mark of appreciation of the Southern farmers and business men of the services of this patriot. It is a fitting custom to raise monuments to heroes who shed their blood for the country. I think it is a beautiful thing to see in your State Capitol monu- ments to the men who served you. Dr. Knapp did not shed his blood in a fight against a common foe, so far as an outside foe is concerned; but he gave his life and his services to the boys and girls on the farms all over the South, who are raising their hands to us and asking for help against the common enemy of ignorance. This man showed them the way to apply the funda- mentals of good farming, double the yield per acre, and make life more pros- perous and attractive. I feel that every one of you who know of this man, and most of you do, I feel that you will be glad to join hands with us in a humble way and help erect this memorial. I believe it will be well worth while. Dr. Knapp was practical, his work was practical. Everything he touched was practical and far-reachiug. This memorial will not be something just to look at. but a living memorial that will typify Dr. Knapp. In this memorial school we hope to work out all the plans of the demonstration work. This memorial is to consist mainly of a Knapp Memorial Farm located in a Knapp Memorial Community in the South. It will be a clearing-house for the Corn Club boys, for the Tomato Club girls, and for the leading educators of the South, who can come to this institution and get the practical knov.iedge and see it demonstrated, and carry it back to their communities. In other words. we are getting the best thoughts of the whole South and assimilating them to work out the best plan for adjusting a rural school to the life of the people. The truth is. and you know it and I know it — and I have been a rural teacher and a county superintendent — that the rural schools, and practically all the schools, have been out of touch with rural life conditions. We must adjust our schools to the conditions of life, and in this Knapp Memorial School we hope to work out this problem, so that teachers who go thei'e year after year can work out this problem and carry back new ideas. I feel that the whole South will be glad to show their appreciation of the services of Dr. Knapp. The true patriot is the one who renders most service to his country, Jiud I believe that every State in the South has been blessed by the work of this good man. Now, friends, my salary is paid and my expenses have all been arranged for, and all you give will go into this insti- tute. This institute will be in the center of the South, so that boys and girls from Texas or from Virginia can reach it. All of us have a problem. The problems of all are the problems of North Carolina. We have all had the same fight, and I feel that we will all gladly join in this movement to show our appreciation of this great leader. I think every one of you will be glad to join with us. If any of you want to contribute anything to this movement, we shall be glad to have your jmme. and you can pay it any time when it suits your con- venience. Your contribution depends on just how you feel about it. Just give your name to-day. and when the money comes in it will be deposited in a bank until the Knapp Memorial Committee gets together and disposes of the funds. Your money will lie regarded as North Carolina's tribute to this great man. I believe the farmers of North Carolina will join in this great work. I should like to hear from somebody in the audience and know how you feel about it. Mr. Scarboro : I would like to say one word. I am not going to make a speecli; I could not if I were to try. I believe the time has come with the people of the South when they must teach their children 112 The Bulletin. to do better work in the future than they have done in the past. We must hold our place with the nations of the world. I want to say to you as citizens of North Carolina that I do not believe any wiser in- vestment can be made by the people of North Carolina than in schools to teach the childi'en of ISTorth Carolina to become better citizens. I do not believe the great and wise Governor Aycock ever said anything truer than this: "Friends, your children and my children cannot rise any higher in the blessings of a commonwealth than you and I are willing for the children of our neighbors to rise." Don't let us let our prejudices, our Southern prejudices, which are based on deep and undy- ing principles — don't let us allow the question of the colored man to- keep us from giving our people in the South as a whole all the educa- tional advantages that we can. A man may know to-day what prop- erty he has, but he does not know what will happen to him to-morrow. He may be worth a great deal to-day, but he does not know Avhat he will have to-morrow. The countrv for a man is the country where he can learn, where there are schools for his children. The man who is unwilling to pay taxes, to work and to educate the children of the poor man, is a narrow man, a mean man, a selfish man. He cannot hope to enjoy the blessings of his State, or for his children to enjoy any of these blessings, if he goes about it in such a selfish way. All must be taxed and all must work in order that the weak may have advantages. Politicians try to get our farmers to be unwilling to give to schools because of prejudices, fearing that the colored man will have some chance. My friends, if the white people were as anxious for their children to go to school as the colored people are, we would have no trouble. The colored people Avill send their children to school when they can get barely enough to eat. So we must work for the schools, we must help the poor man, because we all want our children to go to school and be well prepared for life, and our children cannot rise above the level of the men in our community. Mr. Shufokd: "We farmers have been talking about growing crops and raising live stock and marketing our products; but now we are going to talk about money matters. I take pleasure in presenting to you Mr. Joseph G. Brown, of Raleigh, who is going to talk to you for a while on the "Relation of the Banking System to the Farmer." Mr. Brown is the president of the Citizens National Bank of Raleigh. RELATION OF THE BANKING SYSTEM TO THE FARMER. Joseph G. Brown, Raleigh, N. C. Mr. President: I appreciate very much the compliment paid me in the invitation to address you on this occasion. I esteem it not only a privilege but an honor to stand before the sturdy farmers of North Carolina. I have not been able yet, however, to explain satisfactorily to myself why I was invited. It is said that the man who knows least about a thing often talks about it the most learnedly. Upon this supposition, I am clearly entitled to the invitation, for if there is one thing I know little about, it is farming. The Bulletin. 113 I shall not attempt, thei-efore. to instruct yon in your own line — to "talk war to Hannibal" — but shall have only a few words to say concerning the relations of the Farmer and the Banker. It is a great source of regret to me that I never had the opportunity of learning how to farm, and I have often coveted for my two boys the experi- ence that can be had nowhere else than between the plow handles. I believe that life on the farm is of great benefit to any one. There is something in the touch of the sod that gives strength and vigor and character to man, and in any line of professional or industrial work he is all the better for the years spent in cultivating the soil. Country life furnishes a good basis to build upon, and this fact has been established by the multitude of men who to-day are leaders in all the walks of life, wlro will tell you that the foundation of their success was laid back on the farm. I have often thought that the farm- ers themselves did not appreciate the advantages and the wonderful charms of rural life. It is an established fact that the great interests of the city are built up and maintained by men who have come from the rural sections. There can be no question that our very civilizatiou depends ultimately upon the character and strength of the life developed at the countryside. Whittier said: "Who sows a field, or trains a flower, Or plants a tree, is more than all." And yet we have seen through the years many of the finest young fellows leaving' the quietude of the country for the bustle and confusion of the city. There is something iu the glamour of the lighted streets and in the noise of the moving throng that attracts the country lad and lures him from the open field, and he finds himself presently in the busy office or bustling store — shut up within four walls, and perhaps longing for the peaceful shades of his country home, for the songs of the birds and the music of the rippling stream. This" tendency to seek the activities of city life has deprived the country of many of its best young men, and thus retarded the natural development of the rural sections. In Denmark, we are told, country life has been made so attractive that men are abandoning the desolate tenements of the cities for the healthier and happier homes on the farm. Perhaps, with us, there may be need for another Virgil to write upon the charms of country life, as Augustus thought there was in Italy when that country was devastated by civil war. However, a new feeling seems to be at work in these latter days, and ' everywhere we see evidences of a back-to-the-farm movement. Never in our day "has there been such an appreciation of the advantages of country life and its" wonderful opportunities. Its isolation is being banished by good roads, automobiles, telephones, and better mail facilities, which are making close neighbors of all of us, and through these things the countryside now possesses practically all the advantages of the city. Indeed, many of the owners of country land are town people. It Is said that 50 per cent of the bankers are to a greater or less extent farmers. The result is that every day the relations between the farmers and the bankers, as well as other classes of busuiess men, are growing more intimate. The banker knows that his own business is dependent absolutely on the farm, and that as the farmer succeeds, so success comes to him and to all other lines of business. For long years, even within ray memory, the interests of the farmer and banker were thought bv many to be antagonistic, and this feeling was encour- aged by a certain "class" of politicians and a certain grade of newspapers. But nothing is further from the truth. Every well-informed banker recognizes that his money is safer and of more service" to his bank, as well as to the community, when scattered among a hunrlred respectable farmers than when concentrated in the hands of one or two merchants or traders. -,.»,• It is strange that in this country special effort has not l>een made to brmg the farmers and bankers into closer touch with each other. My own experi- ence during thirty years of banking is that the safest loans in our portfolios 8 — December* 114 The Bulletin. are tbof^e made to farmers. We have never lost a dollar by one of them. 'J'hey always pay. They are not large borrowers, because their wants are moderate, and their inclinations are to live economically. Much has been written lately about financing the farmer, and more than once have we been asked if we would lend money on cotton. Of course, we have said yes! We have been doing this for thirty years, and have always regretted we could not do more of it. There is no collateral more desirable than the product of the tield, and none so readily convertible into cash as our own white staple. Tlie lack has been not in the ability to get the money, but in storage facilities. We need strong, modern bonded warehouses, and I rejoice that a movement to that end is now being developed. It should be heartily encouraged. The great West has its spacious elevators, and when the grain is harvested, they are not forced to rush it on the market in three months time, as we have been witli our cotton. On the contrary, the grain has been stored in the ele- vators, receipts have been issued, and with these the farmer has gone to his local bank and found all the money he needed. Under this system the farmer li.-is been able to do business on a cash basis: he has built up his land, im- proved his stock, beautified his home, l)uilt churches and schoolhouses, edu- cated and made satisfied his children, and has become a valued customer of the banks. At the same time the banks have prosiiered, for as the country prospers they prosper. It is a mistaken idea that banks make most money when hard times I)revail. or that they produce panics that they may take advantage of the necessities of the people. It is the thrift and prosperity of those about them that adds to the strength and usefulness of the banks. The banks have not failed to recognize this fact, nor have they failed to recognize the further fact, that the very basis of all prosperity lies in the soil. It is not long ago that the farmer and the banker seemed to have but little in common, but the flood- light of this new century has revealed the fact that their interests are so closely interwoven as to be absolutely one. Indeed, this is true of all classes of Innnan society. We are all as unavoidably liound together and are as absolutely one as is the human frame, with its individual members of hands and feet and eye and ear and nose. Touch one of these parts, and the sensa- tion is communicated to the whole body. So, do good or evil to any member of a connnunity. and to some degree it affects every part of that comnumity. Centuries have rolled by since utterance was first given to the truth that no man liveth unto himself, and yet verification tliereof is found every day in the life of every individual citizen. These are well recognized truths to-day. Equally self-evident is it that some branches of human society are of more importance than others. .Tust as in the human frame the eye is of more value than the finger, so the farmer is of more value than perhaps any other single class. It is through him that the earth yields her increase; through him the soil is prepared, the seed selected and planted, the growing crop cultivated, and the world supplied with food. The farmer has failed to recog- nize his own commanding j)osition. and naturally enough the world has for- gotten to accord to him the position he has not claimed for himself. I say these things, gentlemen, not simply by way of idle compliment, but rather to remind you of the responsibilities that come with large endowment. It was the man that improved the ten talents that received the commendation of the Master, and not the one-talent man wlio simply kept and brought back luiused the gift which had been his portion. The world to-day bows down before you as did his brethren to .loseph in Egypt. It is yours to assume leadership, and you farmers of North Carolina must not fail to provide for yourselves and your children the very best possible preparation for the great tasks that lie liefore you, and for the proper performance of which you cannot escape responsibility. There has been no time in your day and mine when there was a greater awakening on the part of the people as to the possibilities of development of this wonderful land which lias become our heritage : but so far we have only skimmed the surface. My own life has been spent in other lines. From my young manhood I have been in the banking business, but I have never failed to recognize how utterly dependent banking was on agriculture. It is very The Bulletin. 115 pleasing to me, therefore, to note in these hitter days that bankers generally throughoiit the country are spending their money and giving their time to the development of the farming interests. Do you wonder why this is so? Shall I claim for them a motive entirely free from selflshuess? I will not. I need not. The banker is not unlike the rest of mankind. He likes to see affairs prosper in his hands, and while perhaps as altruistic as the average man, yet when we see him organizing his forces and spending his bank's money in large sums we may safely con- clude that behind such action is something more than a desire to see the farmer increase his yield of corn or cotton. There is another motive — perhaps a selfish one, but if so, a kind of selfishness that is justifiable, and even praiseworthy. He seeks the largest success for the farmer because thus he secures the largest success for himself, and for the entire conunuuity. I say to you, then, in all seriousness and sincerity, the bankers of North Carolina and the bankers of the Nation ai'e interested in you and want to work with you and for your best interests and for the best interests of the whole coun- try. Many of the State Bankers' Associations, like that of North Carolina, have appointed committees to facilitate this work, and the American Bankers' Association itself, with its more than twelve thousand bank members, has declai-ed its interest by the appropriation of cash and the appointment of a committee of seven, of which I happen to be a memlier. Last year one member of this committee spent several months in France and Germany investigating their methods of financing and developing the rural sections, and to-day two members of the committee are abroad pursuing the same line of study. Governor Hedrick of Ohio, the Ambassador to France, is a men)ber of the committee and is doing good service. Under sanction of the Government, he has a young mssi making special investigation of this subject. Two great lines of helpfulness are now being considered — that of Development and that of Finance. The wonderful work of Dr. Seaman A. Knapp, continued now by his worthy sou, was an eye-opener to the bankers, and it required no prophet's eye to see that if the lands could be made, as he made them, by intelligent handling, to increase their yield two and three and fourfold, that as sure as the day follows the night, so surely would there come larger deposits for the banks, larger trade for the merchants, greater demands on the manufacturer, and substantial increase in values of all property. So the banlvcrs are vitally interested in the betterment of your soil and the improvement of your methods, and hence their willingness to offer prizes for bo.vs' corn clubs, and their interest in the promotion of the agricultural schools, and in that line of work inaugurated and operated so successfully by Dr. Knapp, carrying the school to the farm, and making it an object-lesson to the neighborhood. To the practical, everyday man in the field, instruction and actual help in preparing the soil, in selecting and planting the seed, and in attention while growing, is worth a whole .vear's study of text-books, although these may be full of good suggestions. The bankers believe that this work of demonstration should be extended, and their committees are urging the passage of one of the bills now before Congress, making provision for more extended work along this line. The other phase of this work which is of special interest to our section is that of finance, and it is this feature particularly which is being studied by the two members of the American Bankers' Committee now abroad. The farmers of the South have long been at a disadvantage because of their lack of proper facilities for holding and marketing their crops. They have been almost forced to rush their main money crop on the market within a period of three or four months, and have thus made it easy for speculators to put the price up or down as might best suit their own plans. Much has been said recently about monetary reform, and there is urgent need for it in this country. ]\Iany plans have been proposed, but none yet perfected. It is certain, however, that no system of finance can ever liecome effective that does not embrace in its scope the needs of the agricultural sections, that is not built upon the idea that back of all commerce, back of all banking, back of all manufacturing, back of all industry, lies agriculture — the real basis of all prosperity. 116 The Bulletin. The product of the soil demands the first consideration, and wlien a system of finance is evolved by which the farmer may handle that which he has pro- duced in such a way as to retain for himself a fair share of the profits of his labor, such a system is apt to meet the needs of every other interest, and only such a system will stand the test of time. The plan proposed by the Monetary Commission, so widely commended by bankers, so eloquently Ignored by the Republican Convention, and so roundly condemned by the Democratic, and I might say so contemptuously tossed overboard by the Bull Moose, though by no means a perfect one. yet has many merits. Under its operations, or of some similar plan. I believe the establishment of bonded warehonses would be facilitated, and that through them the crops of the country would iK'cnine as available for collateral as are stocks and bonds, and the farmer would thus have at last that which has been denied him all these year.s — facilities for borrowing eciual at least to the man in the city who carries his surplus in the shape of negotiable securities. The markets of the world would be opened to him, and interest rates would be as low as they now are for those who carry l)onds listed on the various ex- changes. North Carolina and Wall Street would pay the same rates. The Torrens System of land titles is needed. A well-established system of warehouses is essential, and the.se would of themselves insure ample provision of funds. You need not worry .about how to finance your crops. Got them in available shape, and the banks will do the rest. The product of your fields is tlie best collateral the world affords, and when properly stored and handled it will prove an ojien sesame to tlie treasuries of the world. No class of people are so independent as the farmers. They are adding nine billions of dollars annually to tlie wealth of the world. The resources of all the National banks of this country do not ecjual the value of a single year's cro]). It would require hut one-tenth of one year's product to pay off the entire bonded debt of the United States. There is more capital invested in agriculture than in manufacturing or railroad enterprises. The farmer is creating wealth at the rate of .$2.">.OOO.nOO daily— literally digging it out of the ground. Do you wonder, then, that the banker, with his keen eye. is interested in the farmer? In Germany. France, Holland, and perhaps in other countries, systems of cooperative Itanking have been devised which are working most satisfactorily, and are well worth the investigation which is now being made. Under some of these plans small loans are being made, at low rates of interest, to enable the farmer to make his crop. The different members of the community stand for one another, so that no one is deprives! of needed help. Other systems are providing for the ownership of small farms by young fellows who have character and are willing to work, but have no means. And. let me say. there is no surer way than this to build up a good citizenship, make them landowners, home builders. The lands are sold on long time, in some cases payments running from twenty-five to fifty years, the small annual payment of 4 or 5 or 0 per cent covering both interest and principal. Because of the small annual payment required, the young farmer is enabled to improve his farm and increase its value every year. This plan is not unlike that of the building and loan associations, through which so many homes have been built in this country. We are at least a quarter of a century behind our neighbors over the seas. They woke up years ago to the necessity of conserving their farming interests. Since then their entire system of education has been completely changed, and the results are seen in the splendid farms whose products are enriching their people. France has become the world's banker, and it Is stated that, in the value of his possessions, the average French peasant is worth more than the average business man in this country. They have wisely begun with the children, not only teaching them the rudiments of agriculture, but training their hands, with their minds, along all lines of vocational employment. To this is attributed the wonderful Ingenuity of the German, which is recognized the world over. The Bulletin. 117 The natural advantages of our own country and its wonderful resources have forced us to high rank among the nations of earth, but as our popula- tion increases the conservation of our energies and of our resources becomes more Imperative. The sharp competition of the trained hands of other coun- tries can be successfully met only by like skill here. Already we are told that instead of an increase in the yield commensurate with their increasing popu- lation, there is a falling off in the fields of the great Northwest. They attribute this to lack of proper training. "We would not discredit college education. We believe in it and would urge our boys to avail themselves of its superior advantages whenever pos- sible; but serious consideration should be given to the statement made by an ex-college professor, that the present system of education in the schools is but following that of the early ages, and that our children are giving years of time to the study of those things which will never be of any avail in the real life-work that lies before them. Less than 5 per cent of those who reach the high school enter college. We must see to it, then, that the 9.5 per cent — those who go out into the farms and mills and offices — are taught the best and surest way of making a living and of serving their fellows. Especially does it seem important to me that our young people should learn of the soil, its composition and uses and the best way to handle it so as to secure the best results. We must give them proper training. The value of such work has been brought vividly before us by the demon- stration work of Dr. Knapp, who did so much to arouse the interest of our people in better methods of farming. It was this work that stirred up the great Northwest, whose bankers are now enthusiastically organizing for the purpose of securing the extension of that work throughout the whole country. They realize that even with the marvelous richness of their lands they cannot hope through the years to feed the growing millions of people without adopting more systematic plans of farming, plans by which the yield may be increased and yet no deterioration of the soil result. Senator Burton says that from 1900 to 1910 the increase in the crops of this country was only 3 per cent, and according to H. H. Gross : "Within twenty years we will be forced to import our principal food products from foreign lands. We are facing an inevitable famine unless the soil is greatly im- proved." Larger yields will soon be a question of necessity and not of choice. In every other line it is the trained expert that produces best results. Why not so on the fai'm? The average yield of wheat per acre in this country is 12 bushels, as against 28 to 35 bushels in Great Britain, France, and Germany. This is not because of their better lands, but because of the careful supervision by the Govern- ment and the help that is given in educational and demonstration work. In Russia and India, where the supervision is lacking, the yield is far below ours. The State of Minnesota is spending hundreds of thousands of dollars in this work. Their General Assembly recently passed the Putnam Act, which carries a large appropriation and has as its chief purposes: 1. To provide organization and local connections for the furthering of agricultural work. 2. To place elementary agricultural instruction within the reach of the masses of agricultural counties. 3. To serve as a center for the training of rural school teachers. The United States Government has seen the need of special training, and is spending money for that purpose. The States are doing likewise, as are counties and school districts. They are .beginning to teach agriculture in the high schools, and all this means much for the future of our country. Good farmers can be produced in the old-fashion way, but it takes a generation to do it. The new way is the better and the quicker way. The trained hand knows how to train another, and to-day every community is seeking the expert. Old methods prevail no longer. It is said to be a true, though an old story, that in a certain neighborhood the farmers organized for the purpose of improving their horses. They imported a fine stallion at a cost of $3,000, and paid a man $75 a month to 9 — December. 118 The Bulletin. take care of him. It happened that several of these farmers were members of the school committee, aud just about this time they had to hire a new teacher for the local school, and after diligent search secured one whom they agreed to pay the munificent sum of $30 per month. Seventy-five dollars per month for a man to care for one horse and $30 per month for one girl to care for all the children of the neighborhood ! Another straw that shows the drift of things is the proposition of a great Cliicago firm to contribute $1,000 or more to any county which would con- tribute a like amount to agricultural development and education. Now, gentlemen, in conclusion, let me say that the activity of the bankers does not indicate that they are presuming to know all about agriculture, and to teach farmers how to carry on their own business. They have simply seen the need and want to lend a helping hand. They know that the greatest asset on the farm is the young man and young woman on the farm. It is through them development must come; and they must be reached through improved educational methods. Not only better farm methods are needed, but a clearer perception of the weighty problems that affect our State and National life. Increased production is desirable, but increased production is of little worth unless accompanied by a reaching out after a higher and better life. The increasing population of the cities is making harder the "struggle for existence, and higher the cost of living, and th<> future of the country rests largely upon our ability to increase the yield of the soil, to make country life sufficiently attractive to keep the young people on the farm, and to make the farm a haven for the weary thousands who are now crowding to overflowing the great cities. Can this be done, and how? is the question of the hour, and it is for the farmer and the business man — for you, gentlemen, and for me — to solve this problem and thus prepare the way for those who are to come after us. Of course, there are other important and necessary interests that demand attention. "The cattle industry is of vast proportions and involves immense sums of money. The timber lands of the East and the South, the coal fields of the Nation, the stores of gold and silver hidden away in the bowels of the earth, the great quarries of granite — all mean much for the wealth of the world, for the glory of man, and for his comfort and support; but all these fade into insignificance in the presence of that which is coming and through the ages must continue to come from the soil." The conservation of this vast product is committed unto you, and in the mighty task which this involves I come, in the name of the bankers of America, to bid you God speed and to pledge for them their heartiest coopera- tion. Mr. Shuford : I am sure that we all enjoyed Mr. Brown's talk, and we were glad to have him with us. I trust that we shall become better acquainted with the bankers of this State, and we were very glad in- deed to have Mr. Brown with us. The next thing on our program is an address by Mr. J. W. Bailey, of Ealeigh, upon the "Torrens System of Registering Land Titles." We have all read about the Torrens system, and have discussed it, and now we are going to have a talk by Mr. Bailey about it. THE TORRENS SYSTEM OF REGISTERING LAND TITLES. J. W. B.ULET, Raleigh. N. C. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Farmers' Convention,: I am very grate- ful for an opportunity of service, and likewise for the invitation to speak to you at this time on the subject of the Torrens land system. I am likewise grateful to know that you have relieved me of any special effort on the sub- ject, and for the implied compliment, which I took to myself, as I read in the paper that you had indorsed the system in anticipation of my convincing The Bulletin. 119 eloquence. I really take it that you are very well informed on the subject; but I am going to presume that you would like to know the details, the prac- tical details, of the system, and that you would like to be informed, as intelli- gent men, as to the character of the law that has been proposed by the com- mittee of the North Carolina Bar Association. Of course, you are not sus- picious of lawyers, else you would not have invited me to speak to you on this occasion. I think you will find upon examination that this bill pretty well hits the mark of what is known as the Torrens system, and that it succeeds in a rare degree in adapting this system to the laud laws now existing in the State of North Carolina. Let me discuss briefly, in the first place, the necessity for the revision of our land laws. The trouble about land and land ownership in North Carolina is a trouble inherent in the character of the land as property. There are three sorts of property — real, personal, and mixed. We all understand personal property. Money is personal property; it is yours, you can transfer it with perfect readiness — sometimes with too great readiness. But land is real property; you cannot move it, you cannot carry it about with you, and you cannot well define its limitations. A man who owns even three hundred acres of land has some difficulty in defining its boundaries. He undertakes to transfer that land. In the first place, he wants a lawyer. Why? Because of that very uncertainty of the character of his property, the inability to de- fine its limits; in the next place, because of the difficulty of convincing the other man that he has a title to his property ; and, last, because of the peculiar character of the land laws of the English-speaking people— not ours alone, but the land laws extending back a thousand years, involved in all sorts of intricate questions and complicated means of conveyance, and necessarily involved up until now, because of the high esteem in which the Anglo-Saxon has always held real estate. Mr. Blackstone teaches the beginner in the law that no form of property has ever appealed to the English-speaking man as that form of property known as land, and that this has made the English- speaking man the ruler of civilization, because land is the foundation of wealth. The Torrens system is a modern system intended to do away with, as far as possible, the ancient difficulties attached to the tenure of real estate. It is an effort to give the tenure of real estate more of the character of the tenure of personal property, to make it more available for credit, to make the posses- sion of it more sure, and to make the means and manner of disposing of it (which is an inherent thing in the possession of any property), to make this means and manner more convenient. Now, let us see what it does by the bill now proposed to the General Assembly by this committee. The Torrens system contemplates that we shall enable any landowner in North Carolina to put an end, once and for all, to the interminable investiga- tion of titles. Now, get what I mean by that. I am sure most of you know. If one of you undertook to sell or mortgage your farm, the purchaser would want to investigate the title. He would employ a lawyer, and the lawyer would investigate. If on the next day he wished to sell his land or mort- gage it, the purchaser would again want to investigate the title. And the next dav, and the next day, and so on. There is a tax on the land and a tax on the wealth of the community— in behalf, it is true, of the lawyer, and founded very justly, I take it, upon a demand for the positive assurance of the title. , , . You might ask here, why the investigation of the title once by a lawyer ot standing would not be sufficient. If I were selling my land to-day and you were purchasing, and I said, "Here in an investigation of the title by a lawyer of standing " would you take it? If no other lawyer will take it, why should a farmer take it? We all understand that when a lawyer says that he would prefer to investigate the title for himself, it is simply because yoti have only one man's say-so. No matter how great is your esteem for that man. and no matter how great is his financial responsibility, you feel that he might make a mistake, and in the investment of $1,000 or $10,000 in real estate you do not care to run the risk of having a mistake made. Now the Torrens system proposes that we shall establish a court m which any man may bring up his title, have it investigated once and for all, have it 120 The Bulletin. certified in tlie office of tlie register of deeds, liave the guaranty of the Commonwealth back of it, and say to all the world, "This title is secure." There would be no necessity — on the other hand, it would be perfectly idle — to further investigate that title. You have the guaranty of the Common- wealth of North Carolina back of it. How do we undertake to do this? First, we establish the court, and then establish the procedure. The procedure is this : You own some land, and you go to the clerk of the court in your county and tell ban that you wish to have the title to your land certifie. G. CONX BUI.LETIX SUPERINTKXDENT AT INSTANCE OF MAJOR >V. A. GRAHAM COMMISSIONER DECEMBER, 1913 Note 1. — Postmasters will confer a great favor by being more careful in canceling stamps on letters and cards. Often this carelessness makes it very difficult to get correctly, the name of writer or the post-office. Note 2. — All applicants for Bulletins will please write plainly — both name of addressee and addresser as well as name of post-office — when not deci- pherable, goes to basket. Note 3. — All persons or concerns having duplicates of our Bulletins from date July, 1899, to July, 1908, will confer a great favor by returning them to D. G. Conn, care of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, North Carolina. Note 4. — O. P.— Out of print. Supp. — Supplement. Agrl. — Agriculture. Anal. — Analysis. PART I. Bulletins Issued by the North Carolina Department of Agricuitu re. July, 1899, to December, 1912, Inclusive. [These Bulletins will be sent free to farmers, or any one, ^ually. needing them, upon application to the Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C] , /' Agriculture, Some Needed Changes July, 1901 Agricultural and Horticultural Capabilities of N. C December, 1901 (O. P.) Agricultural Education November, 1901 (O.P.) ; April, 1903 Agricultural, Both Art and Science October, 1902 Agriculture in Schools December, 1903 Agricultural Winter Courses — Dairying October, 1905 Attention, Fruit Growers August, 1899 A Good Profit— Wheat Crop August, 1899 A Farm Barn September, 1899 A Talk to the Farm Boy and His Father October, 190Z A Fruit Garden for Every Farm October, 1907 A Preliminary Report — Mountain Soils May, 1911 A Last Word on Planting Nut and Seedling Trees Sept., 1911, Sept., 1912 A Talk on Patent Medicines December, 1911 A Chance for the Girls April, 190^ A Profit on a Wheat Crop ; . 7' ??, A Yard of Beans September, 1901 (0. P.) A. and M. College Education July, 1902 Alfalfa, etc October, 1905; November, 1910; December, 1902 Alfalfa Growing.. June, 1906; November, 1909; November, ^910; November (SuppJ^ 1911 Agricultural Progress in North Carolina S. .IJL/rVJ^- '^ • • ^^^S^^^ "'*^ ^^H Asparagus Rust J- • •'• November, 1899 Asparagus < V/Jlfl:^ - '^A^'^'^'tS' XI Agricultural Advantages in North Carolina. .. ^.O^^r^pl r:. .August^C, 1912 Apple Crop. Handling of ••••'•• '.^o^o^^'^^?''' loSn Apple Culture— Commercial October, 1906; August, 1908; July, 1900 Apple Packing October, 1908 Apple Zones— Mountain Region for Apple Culture August, 19U8 Apples— Summer Variety— Autumn and Winter September, 1908 Apples, Description of Varieties September, 1908 Apples— State of Maturity 5^ay, 19U9 Apples, Pears, etc 'i^^^' jj^jj Apple Spraying Demonstrations • • • • -June, lyuy Apples-Soils Suitable for September, 1908 Analyses of Some Fertilizer Material Ju y, I90i Analyses of Iron Ores : ••;;■••" L' ' ' '^^nl' Analvses Cottonseed Meal for Feed, July, 1907 (O. P.) ; November, 1908; NoVember, 1910; August, 1911; July, 1903; March, 1903; December, 1901- July, 1908; July, 1910; July, 1909; April, 1904; May, 1904; June, 1904- July, 1905; April, 1906; July, 1906; July, 1908; August, 1911, August, 1912 Analyses of Pecan Kernels • • • • • • • • • -September, 1911 Analyses of Illuminating Oils, September, 1911; June (Supp.), 1912; September (Supp.), 1911 Analyses of Feeding Stuff November, 1905 Analj^ses of Food Products September, 1902 Analyses of Samples of Concentrated Feeding Stuff December, 1903 Analyses of Ship Stuff November, 1910 Analyses of Samples of Feeding Stuff, November, 1907; November, 1908; November, 1910; January (Supp.). 1911; November (Supp.), 1911; December, 1903 Analyses of Feed Adulterants October, 1909 Adulteration of Food December, 1906 Adulterants Detected in Ground Feed November, 1905 Adulterants November, 1908; November, 1909; November, 1910 Adulterants — Feeding Stuff ^ November, 1905 Advantages in North Carolina Agriculture. . . . O-Wi^Orfi^ ."?». . .August %, 1912 Apricot — Method Shield-Budding I . .'. January, 1906 Associated Characters Seed Corn August, 1906 (O. P.) Ash — Percentage in Cotton Plant September, 1906 Ash— The Mineral Matter of Plants November, 1909; Nov. (Supp.), 1911 Ash — Percentage in Different Parts Cotton Plant September, 1906 Age, Feeding, etc.. Beef Cattle May, 1906 Age of Bearing, Pecans — Varieties September, 1909 Asparagus September, 1912 Altitude in Apple Culture August, 1908 Animal Products, Meat, etc December, 1906 Annual Report for Farmers Institutes October, 1908 Appearance of San Jose Scale — How and When to Look for It — Ages and Stages of Growth May, 1907; June, 1912 Animal Husbandry October, 1907; May, 1908 Audubon Society October, 1907 Agricultural seed cultured from 39 wholesale dealers in N. C, October, 1912 Advantages of Altitude in Apple Culture August, 1908 Advantages of North Carolina for Dairying October, 1909 Air, Necessary to Tree Roots August, 1908 Avoid Block Planting — Orchard August, 1908 Ammonia (Water Soluble) July, 1909 Ammonia (Total Organic) July, 1909 Adaptation of Plants to Environments January, 1912 Adaptation — Climate — Wheat, etc August, 1909 Adaptation, Cold Climate, Winter, Moderate Summer. .October (Supp.), 1911 Adaptations — Generally Recognized Soils January, 1912 Artichoke November, 1903 Addresses of 188 retail dealers in 80 towns in N. C. and tested, October, 1912 An Act to Regulate Sale of Feed Stuff December, 1903; November, 1909 An Act to Regulate Inspecting and Branding of Feed Stuff December, 1903 An Act to Prevent Sale of Adulterated and Misbranded Food, January, 1904 An Act to Regulate Sale and Inspection of Cottonseed Meal, November, 1906; November, 1907 An Act to Provide for Inspection of Oils January, 1910 An Act to Prevent and Punish Sale of Impure and Misbranded Feeds October, 1911 Antagonistic Characters— Seeds August, 1906 (0. P.) Apparatus Determining Fat in Feeds November, 1906 Annual Report Farmers Institutes December, 1912 Available Phosphoric Acid March, 1907 Address of Mr. Knapp December, 1912 Artificial Cider December, 1907 Artificial Sweeteners December, 1908 Artificial Preservatives May, 1910 Artificial Fertilizers November, 1903 Advanced Register, The Dairy December, 1912 Atmospheric Drainage — Trees August, 1908 Association— Cow Testing December, 1912 Assistance in Maintaining Health of Herd May, 1908 Aims, etc. — Women's Branch Farmers Institute October. 1908 Applying the Mixtures — Orchard Spraying May, 1909 Application of Fertilizers— Cotton Culture February, 1912 Ash in Feeds November, 1912 Analyses of Feeds November, 1912 Arsenate of Lead in Spraying June, 1909; October (Supp.), 1909 Alfalfa Feeds November, 1912 Action of Comr. as to Benzoates December, 1909; December, 1910 Abundance in North Carolina — San Jose Scale June, 1912 Adulterants in Feeds November, 1912 As to Spraying Calves, etc June, 1912 Analyses of Feed Adulterants November, 1912 Agreement Submitted to Farmers July, 1912 Anthracnose and Control — Dewberries August, 1907 (O. P.) Anti-Hog Cholera Serum July, 1912 Analyses, Samples Feed, Season 1912 November, 1912 Adulteration of Food November (Supp.), 1912 Anti-Hog Cholera Serum July, 1912 B Butter from the Consumer's Standpoint July, 1899 Butter Making— Hints on October, 1904 Butter Fat or Milk Fat December, 1906 Butter Cocoa December, 1904 Butter and Butter Substitutes, December, 1904; December, 1909; November, 1911; December, 1910 Butter, Shipped— Estimate October (Supp.) , 1910 Barn, Plan of September, 1899 Barn Selection of Seed Corn August, 1906 (0. P.) Barnyard Manure February, 1907 Barn Plans for Dairy May, 1908 Bacteria Inoculation — Necessary July, 1904 (O. P.) Beef Cattle, Breeds of July, 1902 Beef Cattle for Dept. Agr. Exp. Station March, 1902 Beef Cattle, The Feeding of .May, 1906; May, 1908 Bedbugs in Henhouse July, 1899 Bears Wanted for Museum November, 1899 Blood Tells in the Cow November, 1899 Birds, Their Value to North Carolina Agriculture November, 1902 Birds, The Farmers' Friends August, 1905 Birds, Their Value to Farmers August, 1905 (O. P.) Business Interests December, 1899 Board of Agriculture, Proceedings of December, 1901 (O. P.) Broom Corn Cultivation December, 1899; March, 1902 Burr Clover, etc July, 1904 (O. P.) ; June, 1911 Bermuda Grass April, 1902 Branding of Feeding Stuff, November, 1904; November, 1905; November, 1906 Branding Samples Examined— Feed December, 1906 Boletus— Mushroom January (Supp.), 1905 Bud Worm or Corn Root Worm or Drill Worm May, 1905 Bud Worms October (Supp.), 1909 Big Boll Cotton— Russell's Yields W^ell February, 1906 Big Geese April, 1902 Bill-Beetle, Bill Bug, etc May, 1905 Breeds of Swine, etc June, 1905 Breeding Plat — Preservation— Germination Tests June (Supp.), 1912 Breeding, Tobacco, Improvement of Plant October, 1907 Buying Fertilizer by Brand, etc September, 1900 (0. P.) Buying Cotton Seed— Reliable Sources February, 1907; February, 1909 Buying Seed Corn August, 1906 (0. P.) Buy Young Trees, Fruit June, 1909 Bacon Type for Better Quality June, 1905 6 Baking Powders, Constituents, etc., December, 1906; December, 1907; December, 1908; December, 1909; December, 1910 Berkshire Hogs, Most Popular in North Carolina June, 1905 Beverages December, 1906 Brief History of San Jose Scale in North Carolina May, 1907 Brief Statement of Results for 1903 — Food January, 1904 Blast in Oats October, 1907 Building a Home October, 1907 Building of Silos May, 1908 Building up of Worn out Lands October, 1909 Basic Stag Tests of Corn and Cotton January, 1907 Bran and Shorts November, 1907; November, 1910 Beers and Imitation Beers, December, 1907; December, 1908; December, 1909; December, 1910; November, 1911 Bee Moth and Other Enemies of Bees January, 1908 Bee-Keeping in North Carolina January, 1908; October, 1908 Best Results in Apple Culture on Rich Soil August, 1908 Blackberries — Varieties September, 1908 Blackberries — Canning, etc May, 1910 Bleached Flour — Sale Prohibited December, 1908 Beans, The Gathering May, 1909 Beans, Canning, etc May, 1910 Beans, Beets, etc November, 1902 Beets — When to Pull, etc May, 1909 Beets, Canning, etc May, 1910 Bordeaux Mixture, Paris Green, Arsenic, etc June, 1909 Barrel Pumps for Standard June, 1909 Blue Stone for Spraying June, 1909 Bearded or Smooth Wheat August, 1909 Bearded Varieties of Wheat October, 1911 Brown-Burrowing Cricket October (Supp.), 1910 Brewery and Distillery By-Products. November, 1909; November, 1910; November, 1911 Buncombe Test Farm February, 1910; August (Supp.). 1910 Barren Stalks of Corn June (Supp.), 1910 Brands — Fertilizer Registered January. 1911; March, 1911 Bread Doughs December, 1911 Bitter and Sneeze Weed September, 1901 (O. P.) Botanical Relations — Cotton Culture February, 1912 Black Lands — Gray Lands June (Supp. I), 1912 Berkshire Hogs in North Carolina December, 1912 Banking System Related to Farmers December, 1912 Beans — Bush and Pole September, 1912 Beets, Mellow Soil September, 1912 By-Products Used in Feeds November, 1912 Brewery and Distillery By-Products ^ November, 1912 Beers. Imitation and Near-Beers ^.UL^tg*^.r" November ^C 1912 .^. ^JsJfJf ■''■ November :fs. 1912 Butter and Butter Substitutes. Corn and Other Crops December, 1901 (O. P.) Corn Soils of the State June (Supp.), 1912 Chemicals for Spraying June, 1909 Chemical Preservatives December, 1904 Chemical Preservatives in Food Products. .. .December, 1909; December. 1910 Chemical Analyses — Stock Feeds January (Supp.), 1911 Chemistry of Feeds October, 1909; November (Supp.), 1911 Change in the Fertilizer Law ]May. 1901 Change of Soil Environments January. 1912 Changes in the Oil Trade September ( Supp. ) , 1910 Charleston Exposition Report June, 1902 Cocoa and Chocolate December, 1904 Composition of Fertilizer for Special Crop May, 1901 Composition of Feed Stuff . .December, 1903; November, 1905; November, 1906 Composition of Grain of Wheat August, 1909 Composition of Fertilizers for Special Crops May, 1901 Ctieese December, 1904 Composts and Composting, January, 1902 (0. P.) ; February, 1905; Febru- ary, 1907; February, 1908; March, 1902; February, 1904; February, 1905; February, 1906; February, 1909; January, 1907 Compost Formulas March, 1902 Condition Powders October, 1903 Condition Powders and Patent Stoclc Food May, 1902 Conditions Red Clover Seed July (Supp.), 1911 Conditions Influencing Digestion of Food November, 1902 Cultural Considerations May, 1905 Cultural Considerations, Insects, etc June, 1908 Culture of the Cowpea June, 1910 Culture, Varieties, etc.— Piedmont Red Clay March (Supp.), 1911 Culture of Peanut March, 1909 Cultivating Orchards August, 1908 Cultivating Apple Orchards August, 1908 Cultivation of Fruits and Vegetables for Market May, 1909 Cultivation— Following Wheat Crop August, 1909 Cultivation of Wheat October, 1911 Cultivation of Com Crop December, 1911 Comments on Distance Tests of Cotton .'February, 1905 Comments on Variety of Corn Tests February, 1909 Comments on Variety of Cotton Tests February, 1909 Comments on Variety Tests of Wheat August, 1909; October, 1911 Comments on Variety Tests of Oats October, 1911 Chinch Bug May, 1905 Classification of Breeds of Swine June, 1905 Classification of Soils May, 1911 Classification of Feeding Stuff December, 1903 Colony Hog-house June, 1905 Cover Crops for Orchards August, 1908 Comb Honey January, 1908 Characteristics to be Considered in Seed Selection August, 1906 Characteristics of the Peanut March, 1909 Characteristics of the Ideal Pecan September, 1909 Commercial Apple Culture October, 1906; August, 1908 Commercial Orchards June, 1909 Commercial Fertilizer and Uses October, 1909; November, 1903; May, 1911 Commercial Seeds July (Supp.), 1911 Commercial Canning Outfit May, 1910 Commercial Feeds November (Supp.), 1911 Commercial Manufacturers and Dealers in Chemicals June, 1912 Crop Pest Commission Work August, 1899 Crop Pests December, 1899 Crop Report. .July, 1899; August, 1899; September, 1899; October, 1900; May, 1901; June, 1901; July, 1901; June, 1900; july, 1900; August, 1900; October, 1901; May, 1902; November, 1902; August, 1901 Crops in the Orchard August, 1908 Coffee and Cocoa Products December, 1906 Coffee and Coffee Compounds December, 1907; January, 1904 Coffee and Coffee Substitutes November, 1911 Common Names of Insects May, 1907 Common Diseases of Farm Animals October, 1903 Currants September, 1908 Coloring Matter December, 1907 Curing Peavine Hay September, 1901 (O. P.) Controlling the San Jose Scale May, 1911 Control of Crop Pests November, 1899; December, 1899 Control of Tobacco Insects October, 1909 County and Local Organization Institutes for Men October, 1907; October, 1908; October, 1909; October, 1910; December, 1911 County and Local Organization for Women October, 1907, October, 1909; October, 1910; December, 1911 Counties of North Carolina September, 1901 Chairmen of Local and County Institutes October, 1907 Concentrated Feed Stuffs November, 1907 Catsups— Sauces December, 1907 ; December, 1910 Condensed Milk December, 1907 Ci(jers December, 1907 Ciders and Imitation Ciders. December, 1908; December, 1909; December, 1910 Cotton Leaf Louse, etc June, 1908 Cotton, Tests and Results February, 1906 Cotton Seed, What Shall We Do With Them? November, 1899 Cotton and Corn, Fertilizer, Culture, and Variety Tests With, January, 1902 (0. P.) Cotton, Fertilizer and Other Tests With November, 1900 Cotton Blight November, 1901 (O. P.) Cotton-Root Bark November, 1901 (0. P.) Cotton Seed and Meal, Value of, for Feed and Fertilizer, September, 1901 (0. P.) Cotton Culture October, 1905; October, 1907 Cotton Plant, Study of September, 1906 Cotton Seed Meal, the Analyses of March, 1903; September, 1900 Cotton Seed Meal, the Analyses of April, 1904; May, 1904 Cotton Seed Meal, the Analyses of July, 1903; December, 1903 Cotton Seed Meal, the Analyses of June, 1904; July, 1905; July, 1906 Cotton Seed Meal, the Analyses of April, 1906 Cotton Seed Feeds November, 1906; November, 1911 Cotton Seed Feeds— Special Mixed November, 1907 Cotton Seed Meal November, 1907 Cotton Seed Meal Feeds November, 1910 Cotton, Corn and Peas— Experiments March (Supp.), 1911 Cotton Seed Feed— Peanut Meal November (Supp.), 1911 Cotton Production in North Carolina February, 1912 Cotton Soils of the State— Piedmont February, 1912 Cotton Soils of the State— Coastal Plain Section February, 1912 Cotton Seed Products for Feeds November, 1899 Cotton Seed Meal for Horses, Hogs and Cattle November, 1899 Cotton Seed Meal as Fertilizer November, 1899; December, 1901 (0. P.) Cotton and Cattle— Farm and Ranch December, 1899 Cotton District June, 1911 Cotton Red Spider June, 1908 Cotton Seed Meal for Feed and Fertilizer September, 1901 (O. P.) Cotton Seed Meal and Ground Bone September, 1899 Cotton Seed Meal — Comparative Value with Corn October, 1899 Cut-worm— Life and Habits June, 1908; July, 1911 Cuts of Cattle Ticks September, 1899 Cowpea— Pod Weevil June, 1908 ; June, 1911 Cabbage Snakes October, 1902 Cabbage— When to Harvest, etc May, 1909 Cabbage Insects July, 1911; November, 1903 Cabbage Worms July, 1911 Cattle, Swine, Horse, Sheep, Goat, Poultry Register. August, 1903; August, 1904 Cattle Register August, 1899; August, 1900; August, 1901 (O. P.); August, 1902; August, 1903; August, 1904; August. 1905 Cattle Tick— Its Relation to the Cattle Industry May, 1903 (0. P.) Cattle Tick and Quarantine Restrictions November, 1899; December, 1901 (0. P.); December, 1902; October, 1903 Cattle Dipped in Oil J^l^' ^^^^ Cattle Registration August, 1901 9 Cattle, etc August, 1902 (0. P.) Cattle Distemper— Tick Fever August, 1899 Cattle Tick— Carrier of Splenic Fever September, 1899 Canning, Preserving, etc April, 1903 Canning, Preserving, and Evaporation of Fruits and Vegetables, March, 1901 (O. P.) Canned Fruit December, 1908; December, 1909 Canned Meats, Fish, Oysters— Examinations December, 1904 Canned Fruits and Vegetables December, 1904 Corn Crop October, 1904 Corn Culture October, 1905 ; October, 1909 Corn Bill Beetle and Borer May, 1905 Corn Fertilization and Other Tests November, 1900 Corn Crop— How to Handle, etc October, 1904 Corn Improvement by Seed Selection September, 1903 Corn, Insect Enemies M^y- l^*^^ Corn Stover and Cotton Seed and Their Utilization October, 190o Corn and Cotton, Test of Varieties and Different Distancing of Plants, January, 1902 (O. P.); January, 1907; February, 1903; February, 1904; February, 1905; February, 1906 Corn and Cotton, Fertilization and Cultivation of March, 1902; January, 1902 (O. P.) ; January, 1906 Corn and Cotton, Fertilization, etc., of February, 1904; January, 1907; February, 1905; February, 1906 Corn; Comments and Variety Tests, Selecting Seed Corn February, 1906 Corn, Selecting Seed for Larger Yields August, 1906 Corn Meal.. December, 1908; December. 1909; December, 1910; January, 1904 Corn and Cotton on Land in Fair Condition February, 1909 Corn, Canning • • • • • • • ■ • -^ay, 1910 Corn on Piedmont Red Clay Loam March (Supp.), 1911 Corn and Crimson Clover • • •^^^^' H]] Corn and Oat Products November ( Supp. , 1911 Corn Judging. Varieties and Tests June (bupp.), 191^ Corn Production in North Carolina June (Supp.), 191^ Corn Yields in North Carolina June (Supp.), 1912 Corn Yields by Counties June (Supp.), 1912 Ciders and Tonics January, 1904 Claiming the Clucose ' January, 1904 Crimson Clover "i^^^' J^T. Crimson Clover Hay v - -Jui^e, laii Country Woman's Spending Money .OctoDer, lyus Country Roads December, 1899 Cholera in Hogs ^February, 1901 Crab Apples : • • • • September, 1908 Cooperation Dairy Demonstration • October, 1908 Cooperative Experiments and Demonstrations May, laii Cooperative Associations . • -I"^^, 1909 Climate and Soil for Peanut ^l ' iqaq Cucumbers and Cantaloupes ™' :^^"^ Cauliflower, Early ^^y, 1909 Celery, Kinds, etc - ■ • • •™' t^l Cost cf Pecan Trees September, 1909 Care and Feeding Farm Work Stock ;,■••• T -o' ' T ' k' ' 'Pq^^^T iq?? Care of Lamps January, 1910; June (Supp.) ; September (Supp.), 1911 care of Pecan Trees ^ ^''%\Tm Cooking in Glass Jars and Tin Cans Noveniber' 1912 Cider and Imitation Cider ■ May 1910 ?ZTo7^t:^^'. :::::::::::::::::::::: : ;December; "mo;- November: 1911 Coffee and Coffee Substitutes .....■■■ ■ • • • • • - •/November, 1912 Condimental Feeds, Stock January (Supp.), l^U.^Oc^tober, 1903,^ ^^^^ 10 ^ Canned Peas Carbohydrates November (Supp.) Contagious Diseases of Live Stock December Cumulative Effect on Seed Selection January Conservation of Moisture June (Supp.) Comparative "Value of Cotton Seed Meal July Complete Fertilizer Analyses May Cecil Sandy Loam and Clay February Combatting Insects and Diseases October Close Season for Game October Cold Frames and Hot Beds November Calling, Agricultural, Fundamental August (Supp.) Country Roads August (Supp.) Corn Production in North Carolina August (Supp.) Cotton Production in North Carolina August (Supp.) Climate September Cauliflower, Soil for September Cabbage, Soil for September Cantaloupes — Warm, Light Sandy Soil September Creameries, Cattle Testing July Carrots September Celery — Cool, Loam Soils September Culture of Lettuce September Cleaning Tobacco Seed October Commercial Feeds November Chemistry of Feeds November Crude Fiber in Feeds November Carbohydrates November Composition of By-products November Corn Products November Cotton Seed Feeds November Canned Vegetables, Colored November (Supp.) Coloring Vegetables with Copper Salts November (Supp.) Cheese November ( Supp. ) Cream (Ice) November (Supp.) Chemical Fruit Preservatives November (Supp.) Cholera in Hogs, Serum December Country School, The December Cooperation December County and Local Women's Organizations December Control of Fertilizers in the Soil December Comparative Water Holding Power of Soils December Cow Testing Association December Corn in Rotation December Cotton in Rotation December Cotton Yield with Fertilization December Corn Yield with Fertilization December Cow — Guernsey — Merits December 1911 1911 1912 1912 1899 1901 1912 1901 1902 1903 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 D. Dairying. Farm October, 1906 Dairy Barn Plans May, 1908 Diseases and Spraying October, 1901 (0. P.) Diseases, Common, of Farm Animals October, 1903 Diceases of Soils in North Carolina October, 1904 Diseases of Live Stock May, 1900 Diseases of Lettuce. September, 1907 Diseases of Plants October, 1910 Distance Tests of Corn and Cotton February, 1903; February, 1904; February, 1905; February, 1906; January. 1907; February, 1909 Description of Breeds of Poultry February, 1900 (O. P.) Description of Breeds of Swine June, 1905 , 11 Description of Varieties of Peanut March, 1909 Description and Composition of By-products November, 1909; November, 1910; November, 1911 Dehorning of Beef Cattle November, 1901 (O. P.) Detasseling Corn June (Supp.), 1910 Duration of Vitality in Seeds November, 1902 Definitions and Descriptions of Products from Wheat, Corn, Rice, Oats, Barley, Cotton Seed December, 1902 Definitions and Descriptions of Feed Products November, 1905 Duties of the Department Under the Food Law, December, 1904; January, 1904 Duties of the Department of Agriculture November, 1906; November, 1907; November, 1909 Duty of Feed Dealers November, 1908 Detection of Adulterants in Feeds November, 1905 Different Ages and Stages of San Jose Scale May, 1907 Distribution San Jose Scale in North Carolina June, 1907 Dewberries August. 1907 (0. P.) ; September, 1908 Distilled Liquors December, 1907; December, 1908; December, 1909; December, 1910 Deep Breaking of Land December, 1911 Dealers' Tanks (Oils)— Fraudulent September (Supp.), 1910 Demonstration Work, as Applied to Farm Crops May, 1908 Demonstration Work in Animal Husbandry May, 1908 Demonstration Railway Cars October, 1910; December, 1911; December, 1908; October. 1909 Demonstration — Apple Spraying June, 1909 Destruction of Remnants— Cotton Stalks, etc June, 1908 Drainage in Mountain Regions August, 1908 Direction in Slope in Orchards August, 1908 Directions for Cooking in Glass Jars May, 1910 Demand that Nursery Stock be Fumigated June, 1909 Don't Buv Because Stock is Cheap June, 1909 Does it Pav to Fertilize? October, 1910 Dried Beet Pulp. . .November, 1910; November, 1909; November (Supp.), 1911 Danger from Lse of Arsenate on Tobacco October (Supp.), 1909 Definitions, Feeds November, 1912 Description of By-products. November, 1912 Dried Beet Pulp November, 1912 Distillery November, 1912 Dealers' 'and Manufacturers' Notice November (Supp.), 1912 Dairying as a Business December, 1912 Demonstration Railway Cars December, 1912 E. December, 1910 Egg= Preserving August, 1899 ; Egg Plant, Cultivation, etc May, 1909 ; November, Estimated Food Shipped Out of State in 1909 October (Supp.), Estimated Food Shipped Into North Carolina in 1909. .October (Supp.), 1910 Entomological Notes April, 1902 Entomological Circulars June, 190y Beetle J^l^' ]l^l 1903 1910 Elm Tree 1899 Enquiries North Carolina Resources December Education, Agricultural, in A. & M. College September, 1901 (O. P.) Education for the Farmer Boys November, 1901 (O. P.) ; April, 1902 English Broad Beans November. 1903 Early Cabbage November, 1903 Early Maturing Variety of Corn ^February, 1909 Earlv Heavy-bearing Varieties Pecans September, iyu9 Early Maturing Variety of Cotton February, 1909 Early History of San Jose Scale • ,- ■*^^^' ]zl Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms January (Supp.), 1905 12 Examination of Canned Goods December, 1905 Examination of Table Oils December, 1905 Examination of Samples of Oils January, 1910 Effects of the Feed Law November, 1906 Effects on Time of Planting and Rainfall — Cowpeas June, 1910 Effects on Yield of Hay and Cowpeas June, 1910 Effects of Nitrogen, etc. — Cotton August, 1910 Effects of Varying Quantities of Nitrogen — Cotton August, 1910 Effects of Different Methods— Cotton August, 1910 Effects of Nitrogen, etc. — Corn September, 1910 Effects of Varying Quantities Nitrogen — Corn September, 1910 Effects of Different Methods, etc. — Corn September, 1910 Effects of Fertilizing — Corn, Cotton, and Legumes June, 1911 Edgecombe County, San Jose Scale June, 1907 Edgecombe Test Farm February, 1910 Establishing Dewberry Field August, 1907 Extracted Honey January, 1908 Extract from the Food Law December, 1908 Extracts — Lemon, etc November, 1911 Extracts — Pineapple — Imitation November, 1911 Enforcement of the Feed Law November, 1908 Emulsion, Kerosene June, 1909 Enemies of the Wheat Crop August, 1909; October, 1911 Enemies of the Pecan September, 1909 Explanation of Plates — Pure Seed October, 1911 Economic Entomology and the Farmer December, 1911 Experiment Station March, 1902 Education in North Carolina August (Supp.), 1912 Egg Plant Worm, Loose Soils September, 1912 Enforcement of the Feed Law November, 1912 Extract from Food Law November ( Supp.) , 1912 Experiments in Iowa — Testing Milk, etc December, 1912 F. Farm Poultry February, 1900 (0. P.) Farm Barn September, 1899 Farm Work Stock October, 1905 Farm Hints— Pork Making August, 1899 Farm Crops, etc December, 1902 Farm Prospects for June June, 1900 Farm Papers December, 1901 (0. P. ) Farm Insects June, 1903 Farm Dairying October, 1906 Farm Demonstration Work May, 1908 Farm Boy November, 1901 Farmers' Institutes October, 1903; October, 1904; October, 1905; October, 1906; December, 1899; October, 1909; October, 1907; Janu- ary, 1900; October, 1910; October, 1911; December, 1911 Farmers Prepare for Census December, 1899 Farmers and Commercial Fertilizers September, 1899 Farmers' Platform ' October, 1909 Farmer's Luck December, 1899 Feeding Value of the Peanut March, 1909 Feeding Experiments — Testing Condimental Feeds. .. .January (Supp.), 1911 Feed for Poultry November, 1902 Feed for Hens September, 1899 Feed for Farm Animals November (Supp.), 1904 Feed, Mill Feed, Middlings December, 1903 Feed, Lots and Shelters— Beef Cattle May, 1906 Food Products Under Pure Food Law December, 1906 Food Conditions Influencing the Digestion November, 1902 Food Law July. 1899 13 Food Products — Reports of Inspections and Analyses January, 1904; January, 1903; September, 1902; December, 1900; December, 1904; December, 1905; December, 1906 Food Law, Extracts from December, 1909 Food Value of Mushrooms January (Supp.), 1905 Foods, a Talk on October, 1908 For Cattlemen — Quarantine Regulations August, 1899 Fertilizing Materials and Fertilizers January, 1900 (O. P.) Fertilizer Tests with Corn and Cotton, January, 1902 (0. P.); November, 1900 Fertilizer Brands Registered. .February, 1902; April, 1902; June, 1902; March, 1903; February, 1903; July, 1907; April, 1910 Fertilization of Tobacco. . .March, 1902; February, 1904; February, 1909; February, 1905 ; February, 1906 ; January, 1907 ; February, 1907 Fertilizing and Culture of Corn and Cotton March, 1902; February, 1904; February, 1905; February, 1906; February, 1907; February, 1908; February, 1909 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1900 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses December, 1899 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1900 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses May, 1900 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses September, 1900 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses January, 1901 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses February, 1901 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1901 (O. P.) Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1901 (O. P.) Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses May, 1901 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses February, 1902 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1902 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1902 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses June, 1902 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses February, 1903 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1903 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses July, 1903 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1904 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1904 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses May, 1904 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses June, 1904 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1905 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1905 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses July, 1905 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1906 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1906 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1907 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1908 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1907 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1908 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses July, 1907 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses July, 1908 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1909 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1909 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses July, 1909 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1910 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1910 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1911 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1911 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses August, 1911 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses March, 1912 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses April, 1912 Fertilizer Registration, Inspection and Analyses August, 1912 Fertilizer Materials and Mixtures October, 1903 Fertilizer for Corn, Cotton and Tobacco February, 1904; February, 1905- February, 1906; October, 1905; July, 1907; January, 1907 14 Fertilizers— Buying by Brand Name and by Composition September, 1900 Fertilizer (Compost), Lipp's "Patent Process" February, 1902 Fertilizer, Lipp's Manual of Secret Process of Home-made January, 1901 Fertilizer, Formulas for Home Mixing January, 1900 (O. P.) Fertilizer Materials, Some Analyses January, 1901 Fertilizer Materials, Acid Phosphate January, 1907 Fertilizer Materials and Fertilizer Mixtures for Different Crops, January, 1900 (O. P.) ; October, 1903 Fertilization of Peanuts March, 1909 Fertilization of Wheat and Oats August, 1909 Fertilization of Pecans September, 1909 Fertilization and Fertilizer Materials Used June, 1910; August, 1910 Fertilization of Corn Following Peas or Other Legumes February, 1909 Fertilizing the Cotton Crop June, 1911 Fertilizer Tests — Cowpea June, 1910 Fertilizer Experiments with Cotton — Piedmont Red Clay Loam Soil, August, 1910; September, 1911 Fertilizer for Oats — Varieties October, 1911 Fertilizer for Special Crops December, 1911 Farmers' Status in North Carolina August (Supp.), 1912 Freight Rates May, 1901 Freight Rates from the Seaboard February, 1903; March, 1903; March, 1910: April, 191u Fundamental Calling August (Supp.), 1912 Free Mulberry Trees for North Carolina Farmers October, 1902 From Good Roads Bulletin — The Progress October, 1902 Food and Feed Products Shipped into North Carolina During 1911, August (Supp.), 1912 Fayetteville as a Trucking Field November, 1902 Fruit Insects June, 1903 Fruit Garden for Every Farm October, 1907 Fruit Butter December, 1909 Fruit Garden October, 1904 Fruit Plants, Propagation of January, 1906 Fruit Juices December, 1909 Fertilizers for Gardens . . . . : September, 1912 Forage Crops for the Southern Farm October, 1903 Forage for Farmers October, 1904 Forcing Cucumbers November, 1903 Frame Lettuce Culture September, 1912 Function of Nutrients in Animal Body December, 1903; November, 1905; November, 1906 Farmers Demand Good Seed October, 1912 Flour, Results of Examinations January, 1904 Feed Samples, 1912 Analyses November, 1912 Form of Potash in Tobacco Fertilizers. . . .April, 1904; July, 1908; April, 1909; July, 1909; July, 1910; August, 1911 Fresh Seed — Use Always January, 1906 Feed Law November, 1912 Field Selection of Seed August, 1906 Feed Adulterants November, 1912 Facts of Interest Concerning Some Feeds November, 1908 Flash Test— Oil January, 1910 Feeds November, 1912 Four or Six Years Rotation for Crops May. 1911 Feed Purchasing .' November, 1912 Flea Beetles July, 1911 Fats in Feeds November, 1912 Formulas for Preparing Remedies — Insects July, 1911 Feeds, Special Mixed November, 1912 Fundamental Treatment — Plowing and Fertilizing Cotton. .. .February, 1912 Fall Spraying — San Jose Scale June, 1912 15 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 Feeds for Poultry November, Feeds with Salt • • November, Food Adulteration November (Supp ) , Food Law Hearings November (Supp.), Food Products— Labeling November (Supp.), Fruit Preservatives November (Supp. , pjQyj, November ( Supp. ) , Fall Spraying for San Jose Scale J"iie, Farm Produce, Marketing December, Future, Our • • • -December, Farmers' and Women's Normal Institutes for Institute Lectures, December, 1912 Farmers' Tenth Annual Convention December, Fertilizers Controlled in Soil December, Fertility, What is it? December, 1912 Fertilizer in Yield of Cotton December, Free Traveling Libraries December, Farming Problems December, G. Geese Big April, 1902 Game', Close of Season in North Carolina S^^^^^""' loS! Game Laws ^ ^I'oon 7n P ? Guinea Raising January, 1900 (OR) Good Land and Good Farming • • ■-^1^^' \lll Good Roads— Legislature— The Courts ^''^''k ' IqSo Good Roads at a Cost of $150 to $200 per mile October, 1902 Good Feeds in Future November, 1905 Qinseng November, 1902 Goat, Sheep, etc.. Register August, 1903; August, 1904; August, 1905 Guarantee on Feeds "^^^'^i^'v' i^m Guaranteed Composition Fertilizer for Tobacco May, laui Guaranteed Composition Fertilizer for Cotton May, lyu Guaranteed Composition Fertilizer for Corn ■^. • • • May, laui Gaston County-Good Roads December, 1902 Garden Insects ; ; • • •'^"^'^' |^"^ Garden Corn November, 1903 Growing Frame-Lettuce S'^^'^S'"' ]Tal /-. -^^ r»^,•/^r,e Novcnibcr, 1903 GrTtnl .•.•.•;.•.•;.■.■.•.•.■.■.■.•;.■.■■.■.... January, 1906 Gooseberries •::.•::::: M---?.TM':v''mo Grap2,WhentoGather........................^^ Grading Fruits and Vegetaiaies • ■ • - -^^y- J^J^ Gradini seed Wheat ^"^"'' ^^Zril 1902 Grasses— Bermuda, etc • • • • • Apni, isu^ General Summary-Results of Fertilizer Tests ^^P^^^^^^' J^J? General Character Preparation Condimental Feeds. . .January (Supp.), 1911 General Statement-Food Chemist ^''''^tH' ]lu Geology and Soil Formation «jay, laii g-Cpir^ :;.■;:;::::. .•.■.■.••■.•:.•:::.•::. .•:oc?or. !lr !; Inl rSSeS' ''"'^'' ^"°""^ .■.■;.•;.•.•.■. .■.Nove..f;rpr); \l\l General Statement December, 1912 Guernsey Cow — Merits H. 1899 10 Horse, Jack, etc.— Register August, 1903; August, 1904; August, 1905 Horse Radishes November, 1903 Horse to Breed From November, 1899 Horticultural and Agricultural Capabilities of North Carolina, December, 1901 (0. P.) Kow an Impassable Clay Hill was Fixed in Wilson County October, 1902 How to Make a Cheap Greenhouse October, 1903 How to Cook Mushrooms January (Supp.)i 1905 How to Pick the Apple September, 1905 How Shall We Use Our Corn Stover, Cotton Seed, etc., for Greater Profit? October, 1905 How Feeds are Inspected in North Carolina. .November, 1905; November, 1906 How to Buy Feeds November, 1906 How Relative Value is Calculated— Fertilizers March, 1907; April, 1912 How the Insect Spreads San Jose Scale May. 1907 How to Plant a Tree August, 1908 How to Get a Pecan Grove September, 1909 How to Crack Pecans September, 1909 How to Prepare Spraying Mixtures June, 1912 Homemade Ration for Dairy Cow December, 1902 Homemade Canning Outfit May, 1910 Home Garden October, 1903 Home Mixing of Fertilizers October, 1910; December, 1911 Home Sewing December, 1911 Home Canning of Fruits and Vegetables May, 1910; October, 1910 Home Nursing (F. L. Stevens) October, 1907 Home Making and Conveniences October, 1906 Harvesting and Keeping Sweet Potatoes November, 1903 Harvesting Lettuce September, 1907 Harvesting the Corn Crop October, 1907 Harvesting the Peanut March, 1909 Hairy Vetch and Bur Clover July, 1904 (0. P.) Hairy Vetch. Its Growth and Uses July, 1904 (0. P.) Hints on Butter Making October, 1904 Hints on Bread and Bread Making October, 1910 Hints on Saving Time December, 1911 Hints on Selecting Seed Corn May, 1912 History of Cotton Growing in North Carolina February, 1912 History of Alfalfa June, 1906 History of the Peanut March, 1909 Historical Note on Wheat August, 1909 Habit of Growth— Alfalfa June. 1906 Humus, a Necessity in Lettuce Culture September, 1907 Hominy Feeds and Chops November, 1907 Hominy, Canning May, 1910 Horn Worm, Tobacco October ( Supp.) , 1909 Hay Shipped Out of North Carolina in 1909 October (Supn.), 1910 Honey, Benzoate Ruling December, 1910 Hardy Varieties — Pecans September, 1911 Hearings Under the Food Law November, 1911 Housefly Danger October, 1909 Hessian Fly June, 1 900 Horse Radish September, 1912 Hearings to be Given, etc November, lOl 2 Hearings under Food Law November (Supp.), 1912 Honey, Standard November ( Supp. ) , 1912 Plumus in Soils — Crop Yield December, 1912 Humus in Soils— Water-held December, 1912 Humus — Corn Yields December, 1912 How I Produced 235 Bushels Corn on One Acre December, 1912 Hog Cholera Serum December, 1912 IT Industries, Miscellaneous August, 1900 Industrial Bulletin August, 1900 Industrial Progress — Mills, Factories, etc. . . .August, 1902; August, 1903; August, 1904; August, 1905 Improved Farm Implements October, 1909 Improved Condition of Farmers November, 1899 Improvement of Corn by Seed Selection September, 1903 Improvement of Wornout Lands October, 1905 Improvement of the Soil October, 1903 Improvement of Farm Methods October, 1910 Improvements in A. and M. College July, 1901 Insects, Injurious June, 1901 : June, 1903 Insects, Orchards, etc October, 1901 (0. P.) Insect Enemies of Corn May, 1905 Insect Pests and Spraying October, 1904 Insect Enemies of Cotton June, 1908 Inf.ects Injuring Different Parts of Tobacco Plant October (Supp.), 1909 Insects in General October (Supp.), 1909 Insect Enemies of Stored Tobacco October (Supp.), 1909 Insect Enemies of Cabbage July, 1911 Invaluable Horse Maxims November, 1899 Increasing Popularity of Pure-bred Stock November, 1899 Infected Cattle : December, 1899 Irish Potatoes, Second Crop October, 1905; November, 1903 Irish and Sweet Potatoes. Fertilizer and Other Tests with November, 1900 Irish Potatoes, Cultivation and Handling May, 1909 Iron Ore, Analyses of January, 1901 ; July, 1901 Inoculation of Soil for Bur Clover July, 1904 (0. P.) Inoculation, Alfalfa Jime, 1906 Inoculation of the Soil June, 1911 Institute, Farmers October, 1905 Institute Lectures and Subjects. . .October, 1907; October, 1909; October, 1910 Institutes, Where Held, Lectures, etc December, 1911 Inspection and Analyses — Stock Feed November, 1904; November, 1905; November, 1906 Inspection and Analvses— Cotton Seed Meal November, 1907; Novem- ber, 1908; November, 1909; November, 1910 Inspection of Illuminating Oils and Fluids September (Supp.), 1910: January, 1910 Introduction — Fruit Growing Industry June, 1909 Introduction— Object of this Bulletin August, 1909 Introduction — Appearance of Insect, etc June, 1912 Injurv to Tobacco by Insects October (Supp.), 1909 Ice Cream and Ice Cream Substitutes December, 1909; December, 1910 Illuminating Power— Safe Oils January, 1910 Iredell Test Farm February, 1910 Imported Cabbage Worm .' July, 1911 Is There Danger of Overproduction of Pecans? September, 1911 Influence of Soil Type in Development of Plant Variety January, 1912 Importance of Proper Diet for Young Child October, 1910 Irish Potatoes— Light Sandy Loam Soil September, 1912 Irish Potatoes, Varieties September, 1912 Index November (Supp.), 1912 Ice Cream November (Supp.), 1912 Imitation Beers November (Supp.), 1912 Imitation Ciders November (Supp.), 1912 Ice Cream and Substitutes November (Supp.), 1912 Institutes by Women December, 1912 Influence of Systems of Farming on Soils December, 1912 Influence of Systems on Corn Yields December, 1912 18 Institute Work December, 1912 Iowa Milk Testing, etc December, 1912 Items from the Experience of Guernsey Breeders December, 1912 J- Jack, Horse, etc., Register August, 1903; August, 1904; August, 1905 Jackson and Johnston Counties — San Jose Scale June, 1911 Jellies, Jams December, 1911 Jellies, Jams, Marmalades, Apple Butter January, 1904 Jellies, Jams, Meats, Oysters December, 1909 Joint Meetings of Men's and Women's Institutes October, 1907 Japan Clover "! June, 1911 Japanese Persimmon September, 1908 K. Keeping Winter Cabbage November, 1903 Keeping Sweet Potatoes October, 1902 Kerosene Emulsion June, 1909; October (Supp.), 1909 Kinds of Seeds Not Allowed on Sale in North Carolina November, 1905 Kinds of Plants Attacked by San Jose Scale May, 1907 Knapp Memorial School and Farm. The December, 1912 Live Stock Products August (Supp.), 1912 Lettuce, Best Paying Truck Crop September, 1912 Lettuce, Seed Bed September, 1912 Lawns and Lawn Grass August, 1899 Lawns in Eastern North Carolina September, 1899 Leaf Tobacco August, 1912 Leguminous Plants for Forage and Soil Improvement November, 1900 Literature in the. Farm Home • October, 1906 Live Stock, etc December, 1901; October, 1904; December, 1911 Live Stock for North Carolina October, 1910 Life History of San Jose Scale May, 1907; June, 1912 List of Industries in North Carolina August, 1899; August, 1901 (O. P.) List of Fertilizers, Registered for North Carolina. . . .March. 1900; April, 1900; May, 1900; February, 1901 List of Cotton Mills August, 1901 (0. P.) List of Silk Mills August, 1901 (O. P.) List of Larger Fruit Growers June, 1909; June, 1912 List of Places Where Farmers' Institutes will be Held July, 1901 Licensed Nurserymen November, 1899 Leading Honey Plants — Bees January, 1908 Leading Bee Keepers in the State January, 1908 Lucern Valuable for Food August, 1901 (O. P.) Lists from Whom Samples of Seed Collected October, 1912 Lipp's Patent "Process of Compost Fertilizer" February, 1902 Lipp's Manual of Secret Process for Homemade Fertilizer January, 1901 Law, Feed November, 1912 Larvas of Injurious Insects August, 1905 Locust Year in Upper Piedmont April, 1902 Law Enforced — Results November, 1912 Lime and Its Uses November, 1903; May, 1911 Lime Plaster or Gypsum November, 1903 Lime— Bur Clover July. 1904 (O. P.) Lime-Sulphur Wash May, 1907 ; June, 1909 Lima Beans November, 1903 Linseed Meal November, 1912 Late Beets November, 1903 Late Maturing Varieties for Corn August, 1906; February, 1909 1906 1912 1908 1908 19 Late Maturing Varieties for Cotton February, 1909 Leaf Tobacco Sales for October, 1912 November, 1912 Lettuce November, 1903 Lettuce Growing in North Carolina September, 1907 Lettuce, Harvesting and Demand May, 1909 Lettuce Centers September, 1907 Lettuce Soil— Drainage September, 1907 Labeling Food Products November (Supp.), 1912 Lemon Extracts and Substitutes November (Supp.), 1912 Location and Character of Soils— Test Farms February, 1905; Febru- ary, 1909; June, 1910; August, 1910; September, 1910 Location— Soils, for Test Farms February, 1906; January, 1907 Location of Experimental Fields May, 1911 Legume Yields per Acre December, 1912 Lots and Pastures for Horse June, 1905 List of Larger Fruit Growers June, 1912 Large versus Small Ears Corn August, Legume Yield per Acre December, Lint, Length and Composition— Cotton— Strength, etc September, 1906 Libraries, Traveling • December, 1912 Lectures at Farmers' Institutes October, 1907 Laying Out a Mountain Orchard August, Laying Off Irregular or Cove Land Orchards August, Leaf Tobacco Sales for November, 1912 December, 1912 Leaf Tobacco Sales, Month of July, 1908; August, 1908'; February, 1909; March, 1909; June, 1909; July, 1909; August, 1909; February, 1910; March, 1910; July, 1910; August, 1910; September, 1909; October, 1909; January, 1910; January, 1911; February, 1911; April, 1911; November, 1907; September, 1908; May, 1909; June, 1911; July, 1911; October, 1911; July, 1912; August, 1912 Law Regulating Sale and Inspection of Cotton Seed Meal November, 1908 Labeling Food and Beverages December, 1908; November, 1911 Labels, Fruits and Vegetables for Market May, 1909 Lesser Insect Enemies of Tobacco October (Supp.), 1909 Linseed Meal November, 1909 ; November, 1910 Length of Earof Corn January (Supp.), 1910; May, 1912 Land in Fair to Good Condition June, 1910 Lard Inspection December, 1910 Lemon Extracts December, 1910 Light Horses— Care of Live Stock December, 1911 Life History of Malaria Parasite June, 1904 M. Manufacturers' and Dealers' Notice November (Supp.), 1912 Marls, Analyses of ...July, 1901 Marls, Analyses of January, 1901 Melons, and How to Grow Them October, 19U4 Mills, Factories, etc.. August, 1899; August, 1900; August, 1901 (0. P.); August, 1902; August, 1903; August, 1904; August, 1905 Molasses Feeds November, 1912 Moles, to Rid Farm of ••••.•• • • • • • • •^- -October, 1902 Mulberry Trees for North Carolina Farmers April, 1903; September, 1908 Mixed Feeds, Special • • November, 1912 Mushrooms as a Market Crop January Supp. , 1905 Mushrooms, Edible and Poisonous January (bupp.), 190b Mushrooms November, 1903 Miscellaneous Mixed Feeds November, 1912 Milk Largely Made During Milking • • • • • • • ■ ^"^y' |°^^ Molasses and Syrups November (Supp.) 1912 Midsummer Crop Report ;■••;• ; ^"^^^1' ^°^^ Markets in North Carolina August (Supp.), 1912 20 Medals for North Carolina Won at Charleston Exposition May, 1902 Miscellaneous Samples November (Supp.) , 1912 Manures and Fertilizers November, 1903 Manufacturers in North Carolina August (Supp.), 1912 Mixing Commercial Fertilizers November, 1903 Moisture in Feeds .November, 1912 Muskmelons and Watermelons November, 1903 Microscopic Analyses of Feeds November, 1912 Market Peas November, 1903 Market Conditions of Corn — Tips— Butts January (Supp.), 1910 Marketing Milk and Cream October, 1908 Members State Board of Agriculture December, 1912 Method of Analyses for Pure Food January, 1904; December, 1907 Methods of Inoculation of Vetch June, 1904 Method of Propagating Fruit Plants January, 1906 Methods of Improvement of Corn August, 1906 Methods of Lettuce Culture September, 1907 Methods of Seed Saving and Selection — Tobacco October, 1907 Method of Conducting the Work— Demonstration May, 1908 Methods of Analyzing Oils June (Supp.), 1912; September (Supp.), 1910 Methods of Work in Wheat and Oat Breeding August, 1909 Method of Handling Green Manures February, 1912 Malts, Wines, etc January, 1904; December, 1905 Merits of Guernsey Cow December, 1912 Malaria, Cause of— Mosquitoes June, 1904 Men's Meetings December, 1912 Mosquitoes, Different Species June, 1904 Marketing of Farm Produce December, 1912 Maple Sugar and Syrups December, 1905; December, 1910 Medium Maturing Varieties of Corn August, 1906 Medium Maturing Cotton February, 1909 Microscope, Rapid Changing from Plane to Pol. Light, etc November, 1906 Microscopically Examined Feeds November, 1907; November, 1909; November, 1910; January (Supp.), 1911; November, 1911 Moisture, Humus and Drainage August, 1907 (O. P.) Mince Meats— Food December, 1907 Movable Dairy School October, 1908 Management of Dairy Herd October, 1908 Mueller's Molasses Grains November, 1908 Meat, Butter, Renovated December, 1908 Meats in the Dietary -.October, 1909 Margined Blister Beetle— Tobacco October (Supp.), 1909 Molasses Feeds November, 1909; November, 1910; November, 1911 Mechanical Examinations of Grain of Corn January (Supp.), 1910 Manufacturers and Dealers in Spray Pumps June, 1912 Materials Used in Condimental Feeds January (Supp.), 1911 Mineral Drugs January (Supp.), 1911 Maturity of Market Conditions — Corn May, 1912 N. North Carolina Tobacco at Paris August, 1899 North Carolina Nurserymen October, 1901 North Carolina Score Card for Corn. June (Supp.), 1910 North Carolina Food Shipped in 1909 Out of State, Estimated, October (Supp.), 1910 Notice Regarding Farmers' Institutes May, 1901 Notice to Farm Boys November, 1901 (O. P.) Notice to Subscribers to Renew August, 1908 Nurserymen in North Carolina October, 1901 (O. P.) Non-Alcoholic Drinks January, 1904 Non-Bearing Seedling Trees — Pecans September, 1909 21 Notes on Varieties of Cotton Tested February, 1905 Notes About Lime-Sulphur Wash May, 1907 Notes on Drinking Water August, 1901 (O. P.) Notes on Varieties Cotton Tested in 1908 February, 1909 Notes Regarding Some New Feeds November, 1907 Necessity of the Feeding Stuff Law November, 1905 Noxious Weeds and Grass August, 1905 Nitrogen, Percentage Contained in Various Parts of Cotton Plant, Semptember, 1906 Nitrogen — the Extract — Feed November, 1910 Nitrogen, Food and Feed November (Supp.), 1911; June, 1911 Nitrate of Soda, Tests with Cotton January, 1907 Nitrate of Soda Tests January, 1907 Natural Spread of San Jose Scale May, 1907 Natural Irrigation in Mountain Regions August, 1908 Natural Enemies of San Jose Scale June, 1912 New Cotton Beetles June, 1908 New versus Old Land— Orchard August, 1908 Nursery Inspection June, 1909 Native Cabbage Worm July, 1911 Norfolk Fine Sandy Loam February, 1912 Number of Samples Oil Received from Each Oil Company, September (Supp.), 1910 Northeastern Markets August (Supp.), 1912 North Carolina Trucking September, 1912 Nitrogen — Free Extract November, 1912 Notice to Dealers and Manufacturers November (Supp.), 1912 Near Beers November (Supp.), 1912 Nitrogen in Legumes per Acre December, 1912 O. Orchards, Insects, etc October, 1901 (O. P.) ; October, 1903 Orchard Demonstration May, 1908; October, 1908; December, 1911 Orchard Inspection June, 1909 Orchard Spraying Demonstration October, 1910; June, 1912 Orchard Protection June, 1912 Orchard Spraying June, 1909 Ornamental Shrubs, Plants, etc June (Supp.), 1905 On Purchasing Cattle August, 1899 On Basis, Exchanging Seed for Meal November, 1899 Okra November, 1903; May, 1910 Organic Ammonia March, 1907; July, 1910; April, 1912; August, 1912 Oat Feeds November, 1906 Oat Culture October, 1907; October, 1908; August, 1909; August (Supp.), 1910; February (Supp.), 1911; October (Supp.), 1911 Oats, Variety Tests August (Supp.), 1910 Oats, History of October, 1911 Oat Products November, 1909 Object and Method of Work— Spraying Orchards June, 1909 (O. P.) Oleomargarine December ( Supp. ) , 1909 Oils Listed for Registration September (Supp.), 1910 Oils Tested June (Supp.), 1912 Overflow Lands for Pecans September, 1911 Old versus New Lands for Pecans September, 1911 Orphan Asylum — Cattle Tested — Creameries July, 1912 Ores, Iron, Analyses of July, 1901 Officers of 1912 Convention December, 1911 Official Score Card— Corn May, 1912 Our Country, the Greatest the World Ever Saw July, 1901 Okra, Any Soil September, 1912 Onions, Staple Truck Crop September, 1912 Oat Products November, 1912 22 Oil, Sweet November ( Supp. ) , 1912 Orphan Asylums — Herds Tested .- July, 1912 Orchard Demonstrations December, 1912 Our Future December, 1912 P. Paper Making in North Carolina January (Supp.), 1905 Poisonous Plants of North Carolina September, 1901 (0. P.) Poisoning the Mixture June, 1909 Potatoes, Sweet April, 1901 (0. P.) Potatoes, Irish November, 1903 Poultry, Farm September, 1904 Poultry, the Feeding of November, 1902 PoultrJ^ etc., Register August, 1903; August, 1904; August, 1905 Poultry Feeds November, 1909; November, 1910; January (Supp.), 1911 Poultry Houses February, 1900 (O. P.) Poultry Feeding November, 1902 Pruning, Tree January, 1905 Pruning in Relation to Diseases, etc January, 1905 Preserving Eggs August, 1899; February, 1900 (0. P.) Preserves and Marmalades December, 1907; December, 1908 Preserves, Prepared Mustard, etc December (Supp.), 1909 Pure Food Law July, 1899 Pure Food Products December, 1900 Preparing the Soil for Wheat September, 1899 Preparation of Land for Trucking November, 1903 Preparation and Cultivation — Corn and Cotton January, 1907; June, 1911 Preparation of Lettuce Soils September, 1907 Preparing Soils for Dewberries August, 1907 (O. P.) Preparation of Plant Beds for Tobacco October, 1907 Preparation of Fruits and Vegetables for Market May, 1909 Preparing the Bordeax Mixture June, 1909 Preparation of Seed Beds — Tobacco October (Supp.), 1909 Preparation and Cultivation of Cowpeas June, 1910 Preparing Soil for Oats August (Supp.), 1910 Preparation of Food for the Sick December, 1911 Preparation of Orchard Crops for Market December, 1911 Preparation of Seed Bed — Cotton February, 1912 Preparing Trees for Treatment June, 1912 Preparation of Seed Beds^Corn June (Supp.), 1912 Preparation and Cultivation of Cotton August, 1910 Preparation of the Soil and Production of Corn October, 1910 Preparing the Land for Fertilizer — Cotton October, 1907 Peas for Fattening Pigs September, 1899 Peas and Hay, Different Tables Showing Yield June, 1910 Plant Lice November. 1899 Planting Dewberries August, 1907 (0. P.) Planting the Peanut March, 1909 Pekin Ducks February, 1900 (O. P.) Preliminary Account of Soil Work November, 1900 Patent Stock Food May, 1902 Parsley November, 1903 Phosphates — Malts, Wines, Beers, etc January, 1904 Phosphate Rock Tests with Cotton January, 1907 Phosphoric Acid — Highly Essential, etc., Cotton Plant September, 1906 Plan of an Acre Fruit Garden October, 1904 Potash and Lime Alone and in Combination — Cotton August, 1910 Potash in Tobacco Fertilizers, Form of July, 1905 Potash, Largest Percentage in Plants, etc September. 1906 Packing the Fruit September, 1905 Price of Cotton November, 1899 Prices of Feed Stuffs November, 1905 23 Prices of Stock Feed November, 1908 Patch and Ring Budding — Grafting January, 1906 Proper Place to Select Seed— Cotton September, 1906; February, 1909 Peanut Culture October, 1906 ; March, 1909 Peanuts October, 1910 Peanut Meal and Hulls November, 1910 Peanut District June, 1911 Peruvian Guano, with Cotton and Corn January, 1907 Picking, Packing and Shipping Dewberries August, 1907 (O. P.) Picking the Peanut March, 1909 Picking and Packing the Fruit May, 1909 President's Address, by A. Home, Esq October, 1907 Proprietary Chemical Preservatives December, 1907 Principal Honey Sections of the State January, 1908 Principal Insect Enemies of Tobacco October (Supp.). 1909 Pears, Plums, Peaches September, 1908 Pears and Plums, Time for Harvesting May, 1909: May, 1910 Pear Juice -.December (Supp.), 1909 Pecans September, 1908 Pecan Culture September, 1909 Pecan Region, Soil September, 1909 Pecan Will Not "Come True" September, 1909 Pecans as Food September, 1909 Pecan Area Moving North September, 1911 Pomegranate September, 1908 Prevention of Diseases in the Home October, 1908 Preventative Diseases October, 1909 Packages, Important for Fruits, etc May, 1909 Peaches Properly Grown and Prepared Pepper, Kind and Care May, 1909 Paris Green, Spraying June, 1909 Pith Worms, Tobacco Leaf October (Supp.), 1909 Purchasing Tobacco Seed November, 1909 Purchasing Feeds November, 1910; November (Supp.), 1911 Protein in Feeds Protein Tests — Crude Fiber — Feed November (Supp.), 1911 Prosecutions Under the Feed Law December, 1909; December, 1910 Points in Judging Seed Corn January ( Supp. ) , 1910 Proportion by Weight of Shelled Corn January (Supp.), 1910 Pumpkins and Squash Porter's Loam Soil May, 1911 Poor and Adulterated Seed October, 1911 Portable Hog House June, 1905 Portsmouth Fine Sandy Loam February, 1912 Plowing — Fertilizing — (i^otton February, 1912 Piedmont Red Clay Loam Soil August, 1910 Progress in North Carolina Agriculture August (Supp.), 1912 Purity as Shown by Color of Cob and Kernels (Corn) May, 1912 Production of Wheat August (Supp.), 1912 Per Cent of Shelled Corn Per Ear May, 1912 Production of Live Stock in North Carolina August (Supp.), 1912 Policy in Regard to San Jose Scale June, 1912 Production of Cotton August (Supp.), 1912 Private Herds— Cattle July, 1912 Products — Manufactures August (Supp.), 1912 Propagation of Fruit Trees January. 1906 Problem in Stock Raising October, 1906 Preparation of Soil for Trucking September, 1912 Profitable Buttermaking on the Farm , October, 1908 Parsley, Popular Garnishing Plant September, 1912 Pumpkins as Pig Feed November, 1899 Parsnip September, 1912 - 24 Peas, Garden or English September Pepper, Rich. Sandy Soil September Purchasing Feeds November Protein in Feeds November Peanut Meal November Poultry Feeds November Pure Food Law November (Supp.) Preservatives, Chemical November (Supp.) Peas — Canned November ( Supp. ) Pepperment Extracts and Substitutes November (Supp.) Private Herds Tested July Program December Program Tenth Annual Convention December Program of Women's Section December Phosphate Rock as a Source of Phosphoric Acid December Problems of Farming December President Shuford's Address December Produce Marketing December Quarantine Regulations October Quarantine, Cattle December Quality of Beef From Cotton Seed Products. November Quality Kerosene Oils Tested, June (Supp. II), 1912: September (Supp.) Quantities of Seed Per Acre November Quinces — Canning of ^lay Quinces, Varieties September Quail Pays 7 per cent on Farm Crop Investment August R. 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1903 1902 1899 1910 1903 1910 1908 1905 Railroads September, 1912 Roads September, 1912 Rotation, Why September, 1912 Relation Commercial Fertilizer to Soil Improvement December, 1911 Relation of Soil Types to Crop Varieties October, 1909 Relation of Cattle Tick to Cattl^e Industry May, 1903 (O. P.) Relation of Live Stock to Soil Improvement October, 1908 Relation of Soil Moisture to Soil Fertility December, 1911 Radishes September, 1912 Relation of Characters of Corn August, 1906 (O. P.) Relative Value Fertilizer — How Calculated January, 1910 Rice Products November, 1912 Relative Value Per Ton Fertilizer March, 1907 Report Seed Tests for 1912 October, 1912 Red Spider in Cotton June, 1908 Red Lands — Mountain Section Corn June (Supp.), 1912 Red Clover June, 1911 Rich Strawberry Patch November, 1902 Remedies and Spray Pumps December, 1899 Remedies — Cabbage Louse y July, 1911 Remedies— San Jose Scale May, 1907; June, 1912 Report of General Farm Work November (Supp.), 1911 Report of Board of Agriculture Meeting December, 1903 Report on Test Farms July, 1901 Report on Farmers' Institutes, October, 1903; October, 1909; October, 1910; October, 1911 Report on Food Products January, 1904 Report of General Farm Work — Iredell Test Farm March (Supp.), 1911 Report on Purity and Germination of Seeds October, 1911 Report— Transylvania Test Farm. for 1905 and 1910. . .February (Supp.), 1911 Report — Buncombe Test Farm for 1908 and 1910 February (Supp.), 1911 Reorganization, etc July, 1899 Readjustment to New Environments— Soils January, 1912 25 1912 Rotation— Variety Tests— Cotton • • • • • vin^^''V ^' ,111 Rotation— Fall Plowing May, 1905; June, 1908 Rotation of Crops, October, 1906; November, 1903; October, 1909; October (Supp.), 1909 Rotations of Peanuts , . Marcb, 1909 Roads-Good October, 1902 Roads in Gaston County December, 1902 Ridge or Level Culture— Corn and Cotton •* e-bruary, lyi^ Rye as a Green Crop September, 1899 Rye Products S^'^'^^'"' SS Rations for Milk and Butter -f^^'^Tano''' Registration of Fertilizers, March, 1901; April, 1901 (O. P.) ; July, 1903; March, 1904; April, 1904; May, 1904; June, 1904; March, 1905; April, 1905; July, 1905; July, 1906; April, 1906; March, 1906; March, 1907; March, 1908; April, 1908; July, 1908; January, 1909; April, 1909; March, 1910; April, 1910; July, 1910; March, 1911; April, 1911; August, 1911; March, 1912; April, 1912; August, 1912 Registration in Compliance With Feed Law November (Supp.), 1911 Results of Work— Blantyre, Hendersonville and Buncombe Test Farms, May, 1911 Requirements Feed Law November. 1912 Results Enforcement Feed Law Novemoer Rye Products • ..November, 1912 Report in Food Adulteration November (Supp.), 1912 Results of Examination of Bran December, 1903 Results of Examination of Vinegar, etc January, lyu* Results of Examination of Breakfast Foods January, lau* Results of Examination of Coffee January, 1904 Results of Examination of Sugar January, i9U4 Results of Examination of Alcoholic Drinks January, iyu4 Results of Examination of Teas • • • - • .- January, iyu4 Results of Variety Tests of Corn February, 1906; February, 1909 Results of Variety Tests of Wheat August, Results of Proper Seed Selection August, Results Nitrate of Soda Tests— Cotton January, Results Tests of Corn * ebruary, Results of Enforcement of Feed Law, November, 1909; November 1910; November (Supp.), 1911 Results Tests Corn on Norfolk Sandy Loam Soil February, 1910 Results Tests Cotton on Cecil Loam Soil February, lyiu Results Tests of Three Leading Varieties of Corn : i;:" -E^^"^"^^' ]l}l Results Distance Tests-Cotton and Corn. .. .February, 1909; February, 1910 Results of Fertilizer Experiments With Cotton .August lyiu Regulations Department Agriculture Concerning Illuminating Oils and Pjyjfjg J anuary, ly lu Regulations' for 'control of 'contagious Diseases— Live Stock. ... . . May 1900 RiPP FPPd^ November, 1906; November, 1907 Rice ^eeds November, 1910 Rice Products rio^ornhpr 1 91 1 Resolutions Adopted Farmers' Convention npppmhPr 1908 Resolutions Regarding Chemical Preservatives m^S' iqo7 Reverted Phosphate Acid Anril 1912 Reverted Phosphoric Acid • ; 'innv rn ^ ^ Root Cutting-Dewberries August, 1907 (0 Races or Varieties of Bees TiT^p 1908 SSSs'"^''!^. .^"^. .^"". .":"^^: :::::: : : ; : ;septen.-.e.;..«s i'^ i.jo Radishes— Early Spring ';^^' "iTT^ Ready-Made Remedies for San Jose Scale June, i^vv Requirement for Certificate in Sale of Fruit Trees. •.^•'"ff' ]T.n Reauirements of the Law— Condimental Feeds January (Supp.), 1911 Sules of State Board of Agriculture-Foods. .December, 1909; December, 910 Rules and Regulations-Pure Food December (Supp.), 1909 1909 1906 1907 1909 26 Renovated Butter Regulations December (Supp.), 1909 Regulations and Standards November (Supp.), 1912 Relation of Banking System — The Farmer December, 1912 Rhubarb — Canning of May, 1910 Rainfall in Inches at Statesville, N. C September! 1910 Registering Land Titles — Torrens System December! 1912 Reforms Needed on the Farm October, 1910 Report of Farmers' Institute December, 1912 Railway Cars — Demonstration Work December, 1912 Round-up Work Tenth State Annual Convention December! 1912 Relation of Quality to Yield of Tobacco Per Acre December, 1912 Rotation in Corn December, 1912 Rotation in Cotton December, 1912 Rural Church, The December! 1912 Resolutions Adopted — N. C. State Farmers' Convention Concerning Oleomargarine December, 1912 S. Shade Trees, etc January (Supp.), 1905 Shade Tree Insects June, 1903 Shade Trees for Ornamental Shrubs and Plants January (Supp.), 1905 Sheep, Goats, etc.. Register August, 1903; August, 1904; August, 1905 Sheep and Swine Register August, 1899 Sheep and Swine Register August, 1901 (0. P.) Sheep Raising in North Carolina September, 1899 Smut in Oats — Treatment February, 1902 Silk Culture November, 1901 (O. P.) bilos in North Carolina, etc., December, 1902; October, 1906; November. 1902 Soil, Improvement of, October, 1903; October, 1905; June, 1910; March (Supp.). 1911; December, 1911 Soil Survey in the State — Preliminary Account of November, 1900 Soils, Experiments on Black or "Pocosin" January, 1902 Soils — Systematic Investigation of May, 1901 Soil Improvement October, 1909 Soils Systematically Investigated May, 1901 Soils for Trucking November, 1903 Soil for Vetch July, 1904 (O. P.) Soils and Types of Soils — Dewberries August, 1907 (O. P.) Soil Diseases in North Carolina October, 1904 Soils and Fertilizer for Alfalfa June, 1906 Soils for Apple Orcharding August, 1908 Soil Preservation. Soil Analyses May, 1911 Soil Type January, 1912 Suggestions as to Soil Improvement June, 1911 Suggestions for Drainage of Our Public Lands October, 1902 Suggestions to Purchasers of Nursery Stock June, 1909; June, 1912 Suggested Rotations for Crops .June, 1911 Spraying for Insects and Diseases June, 1903; October, 1904 Spraying Demonstrations May, 1908; October (Supp.), 1909; June, 1912 Spraying Fruit Trees August, 1908; June, 1909 Spraying Apparatus June, 1909 Spraying Chemicals June, 1909 Splenic Fever — Cattle Tick September, 1899 Staggers Among Horses in the Northwestern Counties of North Caro- lina September, 1901 (O. P.) Stock Feeds — Reports of Inspection and Analyses, December, 1903; No- vember, 1904; November, 1905; November, 1906 Stock Feeds and Condition Powders November, 1909; October, 1906 Stock Raising October. 1903 ; October, 1906 Stock Breeding and Wheat Raising in Eastern North Carolina. .. .July. 1901 stock Raising April, 1902; October Stock Law or No Stock Law September Stock on the Farm, a Necessity December Stocks, Methods and General Notes — Nursery Business January Stock Feeds .November, 1907; November (Supp.) Stock Foods T January (Supp.) Stock, Live, Some Common Diseases October Spare the Birds September, 1901 (O. P.) Space Between Rows and Grain — Corn January (Supp.), 1910 Strawberry Crop December', 1899 Strawberry Patch .November, 1902 Strawberries September, 1908 ; May, 1909 Swine — Breeds and IManagement June, 1905 Salutatory — Reorganizations July, 1899 State Fair — Delay of July, 1899 State Dairymen's Association July, 1899; October! 1908 State Feed Law November, 1910 States With Feed Laws November, 1905 State Institutions July, 1912 State Farmers' Convention October, 1909; October, 1910; December^ 1911 Sumac in North Carolina August, 1899 Scotland County, Conditions September', 1899 Short Cotton Crop September, 1899 Short Descriptions of Wheat Varieties Tested October (Supp.), 1911 Short Descriptions Oat Varieties Tested October (Supp.), 1911 Soy Beans November, 1899; June, 1911 San Jose Scale November, 1899; May, 1907; June, 1909 Some Needed Changes in Agriculture July, 1901 Some Changes in Fertilizer Law May, 1901 Some Common Farm Birds of North Carolina September (Supp.), 1909 Some of the Lectures Delivered at Women's Institutes October, 1910 Secretary Wilson on Southern Sheep Raising October, 1902 Seeds and Seed Sowing November, 1903 Seed, Varieties, Cotton September, 1906 Seed Selection for Cotton Improvements February, 1905 Seed Selection of Peanuts „. .March, 1909 Seed Selection — Corn May, 1912 Seed Selection — Wheat October, 1910; January, 1912 Seed Corn January (Supp.), 1910 Sugar Corn November, 1903 Sugar, Molasses and Syrup January, 1904; December, 1905 Second Crop — Irish Potatoes November, 1903; November, 1900 Sweet Potatoes November, 1903; May, 1909; April, 1901 (O. P.) Sweet Oil November Salsify, Spinach, Squash November Ship Stuff December, 1903 ; November Standard and Rulings of the Board of Agriculture Relating to Food January, 1904; December Standards Adopted — Feed, November, 1905; November, 1906; November 1907; November Standard for Quality — Oil • September (Supp.) Standards and Regulations — Extract From Feed Law November Spider, Red — In Cotton June Samples of Feed Collected From North Carolina November Stalks— Ears— Kernels, Vitality of Seed Corn August, 1906 (O. P.) Synopsis of Feeding Stuff Law November Selecting Seed Corn for Larger Yields August, 1906 (O. P.) Selecting the Breeding Herd June Selecting Seed Corn for Improvement. . .June (Supp.), 1910; February Selecting and Preparation of Fruits and Vegetables for Canning. . . .May Selecting and Preparation of Seed June (Supp.) Saccharine Feeds November 1903 1899 1901 1906 1911 1911 1910 1911 1903 1907 1905 1908 1910 1911 1908 1905 1906 1905 1909 1910 1912 1906 28 Scientific Name — San Jose Scale May, 1907 Spread by Wind, Birds, Insects — San Jose Scale — and by Commercial Nursery Stock May, 1907 Sweet Oil November (Supp.), 1912 Scalecide — Oil Preparations May, 1907 Substitutes for Vinegar November (Supp.), 1912 Spring Planting — Dewberry August, 1907 (O. P.) Status of the Parmer August (Supp.), 1912 Spring Preparation June (Supp. II), 1909 Stock, Live August (Supp.), 1912 Setting Plants— Dewberry August, 1907 (0. P.) Soils, for Trucking September, 1912 Soda Waters December, 1907; December, 1909; December, 1910 Stumpy and Stony Lands for Orchards August, 1908 Serious Adulteration — Feed Stuff November, 1908 Soil Preparation September, 1912 Sales of Leaf Tobacco December, 1908 Sources of Varieties — Corn Tested. February, 1909 Sources of Varieties — Cotton Tested February, 1909 Sources of Seeds Tested — Wheat August, 1909 Sources of Seed Corn Tested February, 1910; June (Supp.), 1912 Sources of Seed Cotton Tested February, 1910 Sources of Seed Tested — Oats August (Supp.), 1910 Sources of Cotton Seed Tested February, 1912 State Institutions Respecting Testing Cattle July, 1912 Source of Kerosene Oil January, 1910 Salsify • September, .1912 Statistics— Census of 1900 March, 1909 Spinach September, 1912 Squash May, 1909 Squash — Light Loamy Soil September, 1912 Soap Solution for Spraying June, 1909 Sulphur and Sulphur Compounds January, 1910 Sulphur June, 1909 Shipments Fruit Trees Not Accompanied by Certificates June, 1909 See That Certificate is Valid June, 1909 Seedlings vs. Named Varieties — Pecans September, 1909 Seeding the Cover Crop June (Supp.), 1912 Saving Steps — Sweeping and Dusting and Sanitation October, 1909 Spined Tobacco Bug October (Supp.), 1909 Special Mixed Feeds November, 1909: November, 1910 Special Mixed Poultry Feed November (Supp.), 1911 Saffron, Sage, Salt, Savory, Sesame Oil, Syrups, Spices, Sauer Kraut, Spearmint, Sweet Basil December (Supp.), 1909 Sterilization — Canning ^ May, 1910 Soups — Corn and Beans May, 1910 Sandy and Sandy Loam Soils of Piedmont Section June, 1910 Score Card for Judging Corn June (Supp.), 1910 Sowing Oats August (Supp.), 1910 Safety, Flash Test, Oil September ( Supp. ) , 1910 Statistics— Annual Supply of Wheat— To the World. .October (Supp.), 1911 Salt in Feeds — Adulterants November (Supp.), 1911 Stable Manures December, 1911 Sweet Corn September, 1912 Sweet Potatoes September, 1912 Seed Tests October, 1912 Seed Should be Tested October, 1912 Seed Mixed With Weed Seed October, 1912 Samples of Seed for Testing October, 1912 Seed Samples for Testing October, 1912 Spraying — Fall Season June, 1912 Stock Feed November, 1912 29 State Feed Law November, 1912 Special Mixed Feed November, 1912 Salt in Feeds November, 1912 Summary — Herds Tested — Per Cent Diseased July, 1912 Samples Feed— 1912 Analyses November, 1912 Standards and Regulations November (Supp.), 1912 Sirups and Molasses November (Supp.), 1912 Substitutes for Coffee November (Supp.), 1912 Substitutes for Ice Cream November (Supp.), 1912 Standards for Ice Cream November (Supp.), 1912 Standard for Honey November (Supp.), 1912 Substitutes for lemon extracts November (Supp.), 1912 Substitutes for peppermint extracts November (Supp.), 1912 Substitutes for vanilla extracts November (Supp.), 1912 Soils— Water Holding Power December, 1912 Serum— Hog Cholera December, 1912 Terracing etc October, 1904 Test Farms, Reports on July, 1901; February, 1903 Test Farms January, 1902 Test Farm Bulletin August, lyiu Test of Fall vs. Spring Seeding of Oats August (Supp.), 1910 Test of Varieties of Oats August (Supp.), 1910 Test of Kerosene Oil January, 1910 Tobacco Culture October, 1905; December, 1911 Tobacco Planters of North Carolina November, 1899 Tobacco, Fertilizer for January Tobacco Growers, To Organize December Tobacco Crop for 1899 Apri , 190^ Tobacco is the Best Insecticide for House Plants- ■_•....... ..^^^. April, lyuz Tobacco 1907 1899 Sales November, 1908; April, 1910; May, 1910 Tobacco Improvement by Means of Seed Oct_ober, 1910 Tobacco District .June, lyii Tobacco— Paris Exposition ^; "^i! ' iqaq Trucking Field-Fayetteville as a • • November 1902 Truck Shipments April, 1901 (O. P. Two-Year Rotation • .June, laii Two Natural Enemies of the Farm— Value of Birds August, 1905 The N. C. Swine Breeding Association • • • • • ■■■^}^^J' ^?;, The Fertilizer Trade April, 1901 (OP.) The Farmer's Heaviest Tax ;r ^^J! ' Inno The Feeding of Poultry ^^'''^IZ' ion? The Value of Birds to North Carolina Agriculture November, 190Z The Home Garden o'^'^^w' isSq The Yellow Slip Bulletin Revised September, 1899 The Hessian Fly • • • • • 'i'^Jll' fj"" The Cattle Tick a Carrier of Splenic Fever ^^^0^'^!^' ]lll The Hog and Its Products October, 1899 The Bacteriology of Hog Cholera. The Comparative Value of Cotton Seed and Corn November, isay The Horse to Breed for Profit • • • • •;••••• ;November 1899 The Price of Cotton November, 1899; December, 1901 (OR) The Farmer's Luck S!^!^ri' S The Good Old North State cSber 18 9 The Range Problem i. ^!^' icqq The Strawberry Crop ,.• V ' " V "'i'q'^O To P ) T-V.O RpiinhlP Garden February, 1900 (O. P.) Ill Bune?^ ^'.^' .;.•.•.•.•.•.•.■.■.•.•.•.■.• .^. . • . r^-y^ 1901; July, 1901 The Greatest Country That the World Has Ever Seen is Ours . . • • -J^ly' i^^J The Poisonous Plants of North Carolina September, 1901 (O. P.) 30 The Value of Cottonseed Meal for Feeds September, 1901 (O. P.) The Good Roads Commission November, 1901 (O. P.) The Cotton Estimate November, 1901 (O. P.) The Farm Boy— Address November, 1901 (O. P.) The Necessity of Live Stock December, 1901 (O. P.) The Agricultural and Horticultural Capabilities of North Carolina, December, 1901 (0. P.) The Crop Pest December, 1901 The Wilkesboro Turnpike an Object Lesson October, 1902 The Cattle Tick — Quarantine Restrictions October, 1903 The Culture of Vegetable Crops November, 1903 The Use of Glass in Trucking November, 1903 The Early Crop of Potatoes November, 1903 The Late Crop of Potatoes November, 1903 The Lovejoy Portable Hog House June, 1905 The Improvement of Our Worn Out Lands *. October, 1905 The Uses of Analyses of Feeding Stuff November, 1905 The Nursery January, 1906 The Feeding of Beef Cattle May, 1906 The Cotton Plant September, 1906 The Silos for Stockmen October, 1906 The San Jose Scale June, 1907; June, 1912 The Lettuce Seed Bed September, 1907 The Place Live Stock Should Occupy October, 1907 The Breeding and Care of the Dairy Herd October, 1907 The Advantages of Altitude in Apple Culture August, 1908 The Mother a Source of Inspiration to the Child. . October, 1908 The Lime Sulphur Wash — Spraying June, 1909 The Best Variety— Rye August, 1909 The Pecan as a Shade Tree September, 1909 The Danger of the Housefly October, 1909 The Farm Mother October, 1909 The Home Canning of Fruits and Vegetables May, 1910 The Culture of the Cowpea T. .June, 1910 The Blood October, 1910 The Country School October, 1910 The Twentieth Century Farmer October, 1910 The Chemistry of Feeds November, 1910 The Uses of the Cowpea March (Supp.), 1911 The Seed Bed — Cotton and Corn June, 1911 The Corn Crop June, 1911 The Planting of Corn June, 1911 The Harlequin Cabbage Bug July, 1911 The Cabbage Looper July, 1911 The Purity Test — Agricultural Seed October, 1911 The Moral Training of Our Children December, 1911 The Country Home December, 1911 The School Lunch Basket December, 1911 The Home Vegetable Garden. The Influence of Soil Type on Plant Variety January, 1912 The Plant Environment January, 1912 The Best Variety — Cotton February, 1912 The Finest Hog in the World August, 1899 The Systematic Investigation of Soils May, 1901 The Winter Course in Agriculture October, 1902 Turpentine for Bloat July, 1899 Tick Fever — Receipts August, 1899 Tick Fever in Cattle August, 1899 To Nurserymen August, 1899 To the Planters of North Carolina November, 1899 To Test Your Seeds December, 1899 To Insure a Good Garden April, 1902 31 Treatment for Oat Smut February, 1902 Treatment of Special Wounds — Fruit Trees January, 1905 Treatment — Dewberries — First, Second, Third Season, August, 1907 (O. P.) Turkey Raising April, 1902 Tomato Catsup January, 1904 Tomatoes, Picking, etc May, 1909; May, 1910 Teas January, 1904 Tea, Thyme, and Tonka December (Supp.), 1909 Terracing and Other Means for, etc October, 1904 Tree Cricket October (Supp.), 1909 Tree Pruning January, 1905 Total Ammonia is Made up of March, 1907; July, 1908; March, 1912 Time of Planting Dewberries August, 1907 (O. P.) Time for Planting Pecan Trees September, 1909 Types of Hives — Bees January, 1908 Types, Breeds and Breeding of Farm Animals October, 1910 Thermal Fruit Belts August, 1908 Terms Used in Analyses, July, 1909; March, 1910; Julv, 1910; March, 1912; April, 1912 Table and Cooking Oils December, 1909; December, 1910 Table Showing Orchard Inspection— 1907-1912 June, 1912 Toxaway Fine Sandy Loam May, 1911 Three-Year Rotation June, 1911; May, 1911 Transplanting Pecan Trees September, 1911 Thinning, Topping, Cotton ■ February, 1912 Trueness to Type — Corn May, 1912 Thickness of Planting Corn January (Supp.), 1912 Tuberculin Testing of Cattle July, 1912 Tethering the Family Cow November, 1899 Transportation in North Carolina August (Supp.), 1912 Telephones r • • -t r ■ • . . August ( Supp. ) , 1912 Total Value of Food and Feed 1909. .V/aX^. Ar^SJ^Jj^: !\ '.'60,000,000 Total Value of Food. and Feed 1911 '.' '.*. ." 1*39,640,885 Decrease 'cM-*- . f^^fxAoiAUjUS^ ". !' '.' .'.'20,359,715 Truck Growing in No^th Carolina September, 1912 Trucking Soils September, 1912 Tomatoes September, 1912 Turnips September, 1912 Tests of Seed '. October, 1912 Tobacco Seed Cleaning October, 1912 Testing Samples of Seed October, 1912 Tobacco Sales for September October, 1912 Tobacco Sales for October, 1912 November, 1912 Tuberculin Testing of Cattle July, 1912 Tests Made of Tuberculin in Cattle July, 1912, 1909, 1910, 1911 Tenth Annual Farmers' State Convention December, 1912 Tobacco — Resolution of Quality to Yield Per Acre December, 1912 Torrens System of Registering Land Titles December, 1912 Traveling Libraries December, 1912 U. *Use of Glass in Trucking and Gardening November, 1903 Use of Lime Agriculturally December, 1911 Use of Late Potatoes for Table November, 1903 Use of Soil Extract July, 1904 (0. P.) Use of Analyses of Feeding Stuff November, 1905 (O. P.) ; November, 1911 Use of Corn Stover and Cotton Seed October, 1905 Use of Fresh Seed, Propagating Fruit Plants January, 1906 Use of Chemical Examination of Feed Stuffs November, 1906 Uses of the Cowpea March (Supp.), 1911; June, 1910 Using the Pruning Shears January, 1905 Using Poison on Cabbage July, 1911 32 Under the Pure Food Law, Rulings, etc., January, 1904; December, 1904; December, 1906 Unmixed or Raw Fertilizer Materials — Value March, 1907; April, 1912 Undesirable Conditions of Lettuce October, 1907 Under-Bag — Seed Saving October, 1907 Unrecognizable Pests of Cotton and Corn June, 1908 Uniformity of Ear and Grain of Corn January (Supp.), 1910 Uniformity of Corn for Exhibit May, 1912 Uniformity of Grain of Corn January ( Supp. ) , 1910 Upland Cotton — Twelve Representative Varieties September, 1906 Vegetable Garden February, 1900 Vegetable Crops, Culture, etc November, 1903 Vegetable Products December, 1906 Vegetable Drugs January (Supp.), 1911 Vegetables, Variety and Cultivation November, 1903 Varieties of Potatoes November, 1903 Variety of Cowpea June, 1910 Variety Tests of Oats and Rye August, 1909; August (Supp.), 1910 Variety Tests of "Wheat August, 1909; August (Supp.), 1910 Variety Tests Cotton and Corn, February, 1904 (O. P.) ; February, 1905; February, 1906; January, 1902 (O. P.); January, 1907; February, 1911; March, 1911; May, 1911 Variety Tests of Wheat and Oats October (oupp.), 1910 Varieties of Corn and Cotton and Improvement by Seed Selection, October, 1903 Varieties of Tomatoes November, 1903 Variety and Distance Tests of Corn, February 1904 (O. P.) : October, 1905; February, 1911 Variety and Distance Tests of Cotton, February, 1905, 1907, 1908, and January, 1909; February, 1909; February, 1910, and February, 1911; October, 1905 Varieties of Corn Adapted to Piedmont Section, August, 1906 (0. P.) ; September, 1910 Varieties, Cotton. Culture and Fertilizer, Piedmont Section. .. .August, 1910 Varieties of Dewberries August, 1907 (O. P.) Varieties of Apples August, 1908 Varieties of Fruits for Growing in North Carolina September, 1908 Varieties of Corn Adapted to Eastern Section February, 1909 Varieties of Corn Adapted to Piedmont and Mountain Section, February, 1909 Varieties of Nursery Stock June, 1909 Varieties, Culture and Fertilizer of Corn — Piedmont September, 1910 Valuation of Fertilizer and How Calculated August, 1911 Value of Concentrated Feeds November, 1906 Valuation— Basis of Comparing Values of Fertilizer. .July, 1906; April, 1912 Valuation of Mixed and Unmixed Materials, Fertilizer April, 1911 Valuation of Different Fertilizer Materials July, 1908 Vetch— Hairy July, 1904 (O. P.) ; June, 1911 Vinegar January, 1904; November, 1911 Variation in Yields of Cotton February, 1909 Varieties With High Percentage of Lint February, 1909 Value of Products Shipped Into N. C. for 1911 August (Supp.), 1912 Varieties Irish Potatoes September, 1912 Value of Seed Should be Known Before, etc October, 1912 Vanilla Extracts and Substitutes November (Supp.), 1912 Vinegar and Substitutes November (Supp.), 1912 W. Wealth Factors Needed in North Carolina October, 1901 (O. P.) Wheat Crop— Preparing Soil for September, 1899 33 Wheat Culture October, 1905 Wheat Raising and Stock Breeding— East N. C July, 1901 (O. P.) Wheat Field in Cumberland County July, 1901 (O. P.) "Wheat Field— Farm of C. L. Daughtridge July, 1901 (O. P.) Wheat Bran, Middlings and Shorts November, 1906 and 1907 Wheat Products. . .November, 1909; November, 1910; November (Supp.), 1911 Wheat Culture — Historical Notes October (Supp.), 1911 Wine Making at Home April, 1903 (O. P.) ; December, 1910 Watering Horses July, 1899 (O. P.) Why Boys Leave the Farm July, 1899 (O. P.) Why Not Raise More Guineas August, 1899 Why We Should Attend the Institutes October, 1908 What Does Oil Mill Getf^oJ^he Seed November, 1899 (O. P.) What to Do With Bad Stock October, 1901 (O. P.) What We Must Consider in Growing Farm Crops December, 1902 What is Variety— Corn February, 1909; August, 1906 (0. P.) What a Variety Should be — Corn February, 1909 What Encouragement Can be Given — Bee Keeping January, 1908 Winter Course Agricultural Study October, 1903 Winter Course in Agriculture and Dairying October, 1904 Winter and Spring Work, Selecting Seed Corn January (Supp.), 1910 Whiskey— in Pure Food Report December, 1904 Wire Worms, Cut Worms, etc May, 1905 Weevils in Corn— Insects, etc May, 1905 Warding off Mice and Rabbits— Orchard August, 1908 When to Spray — San Jose Scale June, 1912 Work Stock — Care and Feeding — Prevent Disease October, 1905 Which of Two Ears of Corn on Stalk, Select for Seed August, 1906 (O. P.) White vs. Yellow Corn August, 1906 Women's Institutes October, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911 Women's Local Organizations October, 1906-1911 Inclusive Women's Institute and Speakers October, 1906-1911 Inclusive Women's Institute Addresses October, 1906-1911 Inclusive Women's Department State Farmers' Convention October, 1908 Work Which Women Can Do October, 1908 Weather Conditions During 1903 and 1909 Inclusive September, 1910 Weed Seed July (Supp.), 1911 Wholesale Dealers, Selling Adulterated Seed October, 1911 Water Soluble Phosphate Acid August, 1911; August, 1912 Water Soluble Ammonia August, 1911; August, 1912 Wheat Productions August (Supp.), 1912 Watermelons September, 1912 Weed Seeds October, 1912 Wheat Products November, 1912 Work of This Year November (Supp.), 1912 Women's Institutes December, 1912 Women's Meetings December, 1912 Water Holding Power of Soils December, 1912 What is Fertility December, 1912 Woman's Work in North Carolina December, 191^ Yield— Varieties of Cotton and Corn February, 1908 Yield of Cowpea Hay— Effects, etc June, 1910 Yield of Cotton Per Acre February, 1912 Yield of Corn in North Carolina June (Supp.), 1912 Yield of Corn by Counties June (Supp.), 1912 Yield of Honey by Different Races of Bees January, 1908 (O. P.) Young Apple Trees August, 1908 Young Fruit Trees to be Bought June, 1909 Yellow Hammers and Other Farm Birds September (Supp.), 1909 Yellow-Slip Bulletin List Revisal September, 1899 34 Yard of Beans September, 1901 (O. P.) Year's Work 1912 November (Supp.), 1912 Z. Zone — Temperate — for Apple Culture August, 1908 PART II North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, West Raleigh, N.C. Bulletins Available, Novemjaer. 191 1. [By application to Director, Agricultural Experiment Station^aTeigh, N. C, any of the follow- ing Bulletins will be sent to any addreis in North Carolina free of charge. To parties outside of the State, individual Bulletins will be sent, as requested, provided applicants confine their requests to actual needs.] A. Agricultural Topics Nos. 96, 103, 115, 146 Apple Diseases, Some No. 196 B. Black Rot of the Grape in North Carolina No. 185 Bulb Culture, etc Nos. 94, 107 Butter, Its Composition, Imitation and Adulterants No. 166 Calves and Cows, Feeding Experiments With No. 199 Cantaloupes, Cucumbers, and Related Plants, Insects Enemies of.... No. 205 Cantaloupes, Two Important Pests No. 214 Care and Management of the Dairy Herd No. 220 Celery Growing in the South No. 83 Chestnut and Its Weevil, etc No. 105 Clover, Crimson No. 145 Coffee and Tea, Adulteration of No. 154 Corn Weevils and Other Grain Insects No. 203 Corn Growing, Some Factors Involved in Successful No. 204 Cottonseed Hulls and Meal, Feeding for Production of Beef Nos. 81, 93 Cottonseed Meal Feeding Experiments With Mules and Horses No. 215 Cottonseed Meal to Hogs, Feeding Fermented No. 200 Cottonseed Meal and Corn Silage, Experiments With Beef Cattle No. 224 D. Dairy Implements and Practices No. 114 Dairying, Farm No. 192 Digestive Experiments Nos. 97, 148, 160, 172 Diseases of Apples, etc No. 196 Ditches, Hillside, etc No. 121 E. Egg Preservation No. 191 Ensilage and Silos No. 80 Experiments, Digestion Nos. 97, 148, 160, 172 Experiments, Field, etc Nos. 71, 89, 91, 168 F. Feeding Experiments With Cows and Calves No. 213 Feeding Cottonseed Meal to Draft Animals No. 216 Fig Culture in North Carolina No. 208 Feeding Experiments With Beef Cattle No. 218 Feeding and Management of Beef Cattle No. 219 Farm Poultry No. 195 35 Farming in North Carolina No. 162 Feeding Experiments With Calves and Cows No. 199 Feeding Fermented Cottonseed Meal to Hogs No. 200 Feeding Stock, etc Nos. 66, 81, 93, 106, 109, 143, 163, 189 Fertilizer Analyses, etc Nos. 62, 82, 158 Fertilizer, Nitrogeneous, Relative, etc No. 176 Fertilizer and Compost, Home Mixture of No. 139 Field Tests, etc Nos. 58, 71, 89, 91, 168 Flora of North Carolina No. 164 Fruits, Small, and Grapes No. 187 Fruits, Vegetables, etc No. 94 Fungus Enemies, etc., of Peach, Plum, Cherry, Fig and Persimmon No. 186 G. Garden and Orchard Fruits, Their Marketing and Culture No. 184 Garden Crops, Some Insect Enemies of No. 197 Grape, Black Rot of, in North Carolina No. 185 Grapes, Scuppernong and Other Muscadine; Origin and Importance. .No. 201 Grapes and Small Fruits No. 187 H. Hog Raising in North Carolina No. 207 Hogs, Feeding Fermented Cottonseed Meal to No. 200 Horses and Mules, Feeding of No. 189 Horticultural Work, etc Nos. 94, 129 Improved Methods for Making Cottage and Neufchatel Cheese No. 210 Insects, Corn Weevil and Other Grain No. 203 Insects and Fungous Enemies, Peach, Plum, Cherry, Fig and Persim- mon No. 186 Insects, Injurious and Common Nos. 78, 100 Irish Potatoes, Late Crop in South No. 85 Leguminous Crops and Their Economic Value No. 98 Lettuce, A Study of No. 147 Lettuce, Serious Disease— Method of Control (Technical Bui.) No. 8 M. . Milk and Crekm, Handling and Marketing of / No. 198 Milk — Testing, Records, etc Nos. 113, 116, 143, 169 Mineraline S°' JqI Mulberries S" lea Mules and Horses, Feeding of No. 189 N. Nitrates, Formation in the Soil No. 190 Nut Culture, etc No. 105 O. Orchard and Garden Fruits, etc No. 184 P. Prevention of Oat and Wheat Smut '^N ^77 Peavine Manuring, etc i^^'i 7Q Peddlers of Compost Formulas, etc ; m " idi Pest, a New Tobacco wo. I4i 36 Pests of Home Vegetable Garden No. 132 Phosphoric Acid, Volumetric Estimation of No. 140 Poultry, Farm No. 195 Publications, List of Those of Stations From March, 1877 to Septem- ber, 1892 No. 87 Profitable Poultry Raising No. 221 S. Self-Sterility of the Scuppernong and Other Muscadine Grapes No. 209 Serious Lettuce Disease, A No. 217 Scuppernong and Other Muscadine Grapes, Origin, etc No. 201 Seed Testing, etc No. 108 Silk Culture , No. 181 Silos and Ensilage No. 80 Some Factors Involved in Successful Corn Growing No. 204 Stock Feeding on Scientific Principles, etc Nos. 66, 90, 106, 163 Sheep Raising in North Carolina No. 223 Tea, Coffee, and Adulterations of No. 154 Terraces, Ditches, etc No. 121 Thread Worm of Pork No. 99 Tobacco, a New Pest of No. 141 Tobacco Curing, etc No. 86 Tobacco Wilt, etc No. 188 Truck and Garden Crops — Some Enemies of No. 84 V. Vegetables, Fruits, etc No. 94 Vegetable Garden and Its Pests No. 132 Vinegar, Adulteration of No. 153 W. Weevil of Chestnut, etc No. 105 Wheat, Peavine Manuring for No. 77 Wheat Culture, Some Experiments in No. 91 Wilt, Tobacco No. 188 Worm. Thread of Pork No. 99 Any of the above^Uletins wall be-ma^le^free to any jigsid^ht of the State upon application to |he Director. Agri?y5^ral Experimams^tation. West Raleigh. N. C. \ f^ ' ^ PART III Farmers' Bulletins, Nos. 1 to 517, Issued by the United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, D. C. [Any of these Bulletins may be obtained on application to U. S. Secretary of Agriculture, Wash- ington, D. C, or through your Congressman or .Senator.] A. Alcohol, Industrial, Sources and ^Manufacture No. 268 Alcohol, Industrial, Uses and Statistics No. 269 Alkali Lands No. 88 Alfalfa Growing No. 215 Alfalfa or Lucern No. 31 Alfalfa Seed No. 194 37 Angora Goat No. 137 Apple, and How to Grow It No. 113 Apple Scab and Codling Moth, Control of No. 247 Asparagus Culture No^ 61 B. Bacteria for Leguminous Crops No. 214 Barnyard Manure Nos. 21, 192 Beans, Peas, and Other Legumes as Food No. 121 Bee Keeping No. 59 Beef and Dairy Cattle, Conformation of No. 143 Beef Production, Essentials of No. 71 Birds, Some Common Nos. 54, 197 Black Rot of the Cabbage No. 68 Boll Weevil, Method of Controlling, etc Nos. 163, 209, 216 Bread and Principles of Bread Making No. 112 Breakfast Foods, Cereal No. 249 Broom Corn No. 174 Brown-tail Moth and How to Control It No. 264 Butter Making on the Farm Nos. 57, 241 C. Canadian Field Peas • No. 224 Canned Fruits, Preserves, and Jellies No. 203 Carbon Bisulphide as an Insecticide No. 145 Cassava No. 167 Cattle Ranges of the Southwest No. 72 Cattle Tick No. 261 Celery Culture No. 148 Cement, Mortar, and Concrete No. 235 Cheese Making on the Farm No. 166 Chickens, Standard Variety of No. 51 Citrus Fruit Growing in the Gulf States No. 238 Codling Moth, Control of Nos. 171, 247 Commercial Fertilizers No. 44 Corn Culture in the South No. 81 Corn, Germination of Seed No. 253 Corn Growing No. 199 Corn, Production of Good Seed No. 229 Corrosion of Fence Wire No. 239 Cotton Boll Weevil, Mexican Nos. 130, 189, 211 Cotton Boll Worm Nos. 191, 212 Cotton, Essential Steps in Securing Early Crop No. 217 Cotton, Fertilizers and Manures for Nos. 14, 48 Cotton Insects in Texas, Miscellaneous No. 223 Cotton, Insects Affecting No. 47 Cotton Seed and Its Products No. 36 Coyotes, Their Relation to Stock Raising, etc No. 226 Cowpeas ^o. 89 Cranberry, Culture Nos. 13, 176 Cranberry, Fungus Diseases of No. 221 Cranberry, Insects Injurious in Culture of No. 178 Cream Separator on Western Farms No. 201 Cucumbers ^^" oot Cucumbers and Melons, Spraying for Diseases No. Zol D. Dairy Cattle, Breeds, Conformation, etc Nos. 106, 143 Dairy Herd, Its Formation and Management No. 5o Dairying in the South No. 151 Diseases of Potato ^^- ^^ 38 Diseases and Spraying for Cucumber and Melon No. 231 Drainage of Farm Lands Nqs. 40, 18.7 Ducks and Geese: Standard Breeds, etc No. 64 E. Eggs and Their Uses as Food No 128 Emmer ! ! '. '.No. 139 Experimental Station Work Nos. 56, 65, 69, 73, 78, 79, 84, 87, 97 Experimental Station Work Nos. 103, 105, 107, 114, 119, 122, 124 Experimental Station Work Nos. 133, 144, 149, 162, 169, 186, 190 Experimental Station Work Nos. 193, 202, 210, 222, 225, 227, 233 Experimental Station Work Nos. 237, 244, 251, 259, 262, 267 F. Farm Buildings, Practical Suggestions for No. 126 Farm Drainage No. 40 Farm Management and Forest Planting No. 228 Feeding of Farm Animals No. 22 Feeding of Fowls, etc No. 41 Fence Wire, Corrosion of No. 239 Fertility, Soil No. 257 Fertilizers for Cotton No. 14 Fever, Texas, or Tick and Its Prevention No. 258 Fish as Food No. 85 Flax for Seed and Fiber in the United States No. 27 Flowering Plants, Annual No. 195 Foods: Nutritive Value, and Cost No. 23 Food, Nutritive Value, etc No. 142 Food Products From Injurious Treatment, Protection of No. 125 Forest Planting and Farm Management No. 228 Forestry for Farmers No. 67 Forestry Primer No. 173 Forage Plants for the South Nos. 18, 102, 147 Fowls: Care and Feeding No. 41 Frost, Notes on No. 104 Fruit Garden, Home No. 154 Fruit Growers, Practical Suggestions for No. 161 Fruits, Varieties Recommended for Planting No. 208 Fungicides and Their Use in Preventing Diseases of Fruits No. 243 Fungus Diseases of the Cranberry No. 221 Fungus Diseases of the Grape, etc No. 4 G. Game Birds and Eggs for Propagation, Importation, etc .No. 197 Garden, School No. 218 Garden, Vegetable Nos. 94, 255 Germination of Seed Corn No. 253 Grain, Stored, Injurious Insects of No. 45 Grape Diseases of the Pacific Coast No. 30 Grape, Fungus Diseases of No. 4 Grape Growing in the South No. 118 Grape, Insect Enemies of No. 70 Grape Juice, Home Manufacture, etc No. 175 Guinea Fowl and Its Use as Food No. 234 H. Hog Cholera and Swine Plague Nos. 8, 24 Hog Raising in the South No. 100 Hogs, etc No. 117 Home Grounds, Beautifying of No. 185 39 Hop Culture in California No. 115 Horses, etc No. 117 Horse Feeding, Principles No. 170 Horse Shoeing No. 179 I. Incubation and Incubators No. 236 Inoculation of Legumes No. 240 Insects Affecting the Cotton Plant No. 47 Insects Affect Health in Rural Districts, How No. 155 Insects Affecting the Tobacco Plant ^°' ooo Insects of Cotton in Texas, Miscellaneous ^'^- zi Insects and Mites of Citrus Fruits No. 172 Insect Enemies of Growing Wheat No. 132 Insect Enemies of the Grape No. 70 Insect Enemies of Shade Trees No. 99 Insects Injurious in Cranberry Culture ''^ !r Insects Injurious to Stored Grains V c 't^c Insecticides and Fungicides Nos. 19, 127, 145, 146 Irrigation Ditches, How to Build No. 158 Irrigation in Field and Garden ^° 1 1 c Irrigation in Fruit Growing No. 116 Irrigation in Humid Climates tLt 'oco Irrigation, Practical Information for Beginners No. Ib6 J. Jellies, etc No. 203 K. Kaffir Corn: Characteristics, Culture and Uses No. 37 L. Lawn The No. 248 Laws,' Game'. ■.■.■.■.■.■■*.■.■.■.■.'.■.*.■. Nos. 160, 180, 207, 230, 265 Legumes, Inoculation No. 240 Leguminous Crops, Beneficial Bacteria No. 214 Leguminous Plants for Farm Manuring, etc No. 16 Liming of Soils No. 77 M. Manuring for Cotton xf^^oJo Maple Sugar and Sirup No. 252 Marketing Farm Produce No. 62 Marketing Live Stock No. 184 Meadows and Pastures icq Meat on the Farm No. 183 Meats: Composition and Cooking oqi Melon and Cucumber, Spraying for Diseases No. 231 Milk as Food No. 74 Milk, Care of, on Farm xt"" 5o Milk, Facts About mo Milk Fermentation, etc • • ^°- .^ Milk Fever • • • • -No. 206 Millets Nos. 101, 168 Model Farming, An Example Vt' " ' kq' onl Mushrooms, How to Grow Nos. b6, Z04 N. New Land. Clearing No. 150 Nostrums for Increasing Yield of Butter xt ^'i^o Nutrition and Nutritive Value of Food No. 14^ 40 O. Okra: Its Culture and Uses No. 232 Oleomargarine and Renovated Butter, etc No. 131 Onion Culture No. 39 Orchard Enemies No. 153 P. Paris Green, Use in Controlling Cotton Boll Weevil No. 211 Pastures and Meadows No. 66 Peach Growing for Market No. 33 Peach Twig Borer No. 80 Peach Yellows and Rosette No. 17 Peanuts: Culture and Uses No. 25 Peas, etc., as Food No. 121 Peas, Canadian Field No. 224 Pig Management No. 205 Pineapple Growing No. 140 Poisonous Plants No. 86 Potato Culture No. 35 Potato Diseases and Their Treatment Nos. 15, 91 Poultry as Food No. 182 Poultry Raising on the Farm No. 141 Preserves, etc No. 203 Propagation of Plants No. 157 Pruning No. 181 R. Rape Plant, Its History, Culture, and Uses Nos. 11, 164 Raspberries No. 213 Reading Course, Farmers No. 109 Red Clover Seed No. 123 Red Clover Seed and Its Impurities No. 260 Renovation of Worn-out Soils No. 245 Rice Culture in the United States No. 110 Roads for Farmers Nos. 95, 136 Russian Thistle and Other Weeds No. 10 Rust of Grains, etc No. 219 S. Saltbushes No. 108 Scab of Apple, etc No. 247 Scab in Sheep No. 159 School Grounds, Planting Rural No. 134 Seed Corn, Production of Good No. 229 Seed, Farmers' Interest in Good No. 11 Sewage Disposal on the Farm, etc No. 43 Shade Trees, Insect Enemies of No. 99 Sheep Feeding No. 49 Sheep for Mutton Raising No. 96 Sheep, Hogs, and Horses in the Pacific Northwest No. 117 Silk Worm Culture No. 165 Silos and Silage No. 32 Smuts, Grain, etc Nos. 75, 250 Soil Fertility No. 257 Soils : How to Prevent Washing et^c No. 20 Soils, Liming of No. 77 Soils, Management to Conserve Moisture No. 266 Soils, Renovation of Worn-out No. 245 Soils, Tobacco No. 83 Sorghum as a Forage Crop Nos. 50, 246 41 Sorghum Sirup Manufacture Nos. 90, 135 Souring of Milk, etc No. 29 Soy Beans as a Forage Crop tLt ^"oqi Spraying for Cucumber and Melon Diseases No. 231 Spraying for Fruit Diseases, etc Nos. 7, 38 Squab Raising S° iqc Strawberries moo Suggestions to Southern Farmers S^' no Sugar as Food • • -No. 93 Sugar-beet, Culture, etc V, oa \ 9q Sweet Potatoes Nos. Zb, l^y T. Texas or Tick Fever and Its Prevention No. 258 Toad, Usefulness of the American ■'^iS co Tobacco Culture xt -ioa Tobacco, Insects Affecting xt r Tobacco, Instructions for Cutting and Curing xt en Tobacco, Methods of Curing No. bO Tobacco Soils •• • • •£1*'\,°^ Tomato Growing Nos. 76 220 Treatment of Smuts of Oats and Wheat • • ^O- » Turkeys: Standard Varieties and Management of No. 200 V. Vegetables, Preparation for Table No. 256 Vineyard, Home No. 156 W. Washed Soils: How to Prevent and Reclaim No. 20 Water, Protection of Drinking, etc No. 43 Weeds, and How to Kill Them tLt "lac Weeds Used in Medicine No. 188 What and Why of Agricultural Experiment Stations I'oo Wheat Insects, Enemies of No. 132 Work of Agricultural Experiment Stations No. Z Modern Conveniences for the Farm Home 270 Forage Crop Practices in Western Oregon and Western Washington 271 A Successful Hog and Seed-corn Farm 272 Experiment Station Work jl^ Flax Culture -lit The Gypsy Moth and How to Control It ^^^ Experiment Station Work jl^ The Use of Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines ^i' Leguminous Crops for Green Manure ^1° A Method of Eradicating Johnson Grass ^'» A Profitable Tenant Dairy Farm j°^ Experiment Station Work ^°^ Celery Spraying for Apple Diseases and the Codling Moth in the Ozarks 283 Insect and Fungous Enemies of the Grape East of the Rocky Mountains. . 284 The Advantage of Planting Heavy Cotton Seed ... ...... 285 Comparative Value of Whole Cotton Seed and Cotton Seed Meal in Fer- tilizing Cotton „„ Poultry Management ^ The Nonsaccharine Sorghums ^°° Beans pq^ The Cotton Bollworm 42 Evaporation of Apples 291 Cost of Filling Silos 292 Use of Fruit as Food 293 Farm Practice in the Columbia Basin Uplands 294 Potatoes and Other Root Crops as Food 295 Experiment Station Work 296 Methods of Destroying Rats 297 Food Value of Corn and Corn Products 298 Diversified Farming Under the Plantation System 299 Some Important Grasses and Forage Plants for the Gulf Coast System. . . 300 Home-grown Tea 301 Sea Island Cotton 302 Corn Harvesting Machinery 303 Growing and Curing Hops 304 Experiment Station Work 305 Dodder in Relation to Farm Seeds 306 Roselle : Its Culture and Uses 307 Game Laws for 1907 308 Experiment Station Work 309 A Successful Alabama Diversification Farm 310 Sand-clay and Burnt-clay Roads 311 A Successful Southern Hay Farm 312 Harvesting and Storing Corn 313 A Method of Breeding Early Cotton to Escape Boll-weevil Damage 314 Progress in Legume Inoculation 315 Experiment Station Work 316 Experiment Station Work 317 Cowpeas 318 Demonstration Work in Cooperation with Southern Farmers 319 Experiment Station Work 320 The Use of the Split-log Drag on Earth Roads 321 Milo as a Dry Land Grain Crop 322 Clover Farming on the Sandy Jack-pine Lands of the North 323 Sweet Potatoes 324 Small Farms in the Corn Belt 325 Building up a Run-down Cotton Plantation 326 Silver Fox Farming 328 Experiment Station Work 329 Deer Farming in the United States 330 Forage Crops for Hogs in Kansas and Oklahoma 331 Nuts and Their Uses as Food 332 Cotton Wilt 333 Experiment Station Work 334 Harmful and Beneficial Mammals of the Arid Interior 335 Cropping Systems for New England Dairy Farms 337 Macadam Roads 338 Alfalfa 339 The Basket Willow 341 Experiment Station Work 342 The Cultivation of Tobacco in Kentucky and Tennessee 343 The Boll-weevil Problem 344 Some Cotton Disinfectants 345 The Computation of Rations for Farm Animals by the Use of Energy Values 346 The Repair of Farm Equipment 347 Bacteria in Milk 348 The Dairy Industry in the South 349 The Dehorning of Cattle 350 The Tuberculin Test of Cattle for Tuberculosis 351 The Nevada Mouse Plague of 1907-'8 352 Experiment Station Work 353 Onion Culture 354 43 A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm 355 Methods of Poultry Management at the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station 357 A Primer of Forestry 358 Canning Vegetables in the Home 359 Experiment Station Work 360 Meadow Fescue 361 Conditions Affecting the Market Value of Hay 362 The Use of Milk as a Food 363 A Profitable Cotton Farm " 364 Farm Management in Northern Potato Growing Sections 365 Experiment Station "Work 366 Lightning and Lightning Conductors 367 The Eradication of Bind Weed or Wild Morning Glory 368 How to Destroy Rats 369 Replanning a Farm for Profit 370 Drainage of Irrigated Lands 371 Soy Beans 372 Irrigation of Alfalfa 373 Experiment Station Work 374 Care of Food in the Home 375 Game Laws for 1909 376 Harmf ulness of Headache Mixtures 377 Methods of Exterminating the Texas Fever Tick 378 Hog Cholera 379 The Loco Weed Disease 380 Experiment Station Work 381 The Adulteration of Forage Plant Seeds 382 How to Destroy English Sparrows .- 383 Experiment Station Work 384 Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Clubs 385 Potato Culture on Irrigated Farms of the West 386 The Preservative Treatment of Farm Timbers 387 Experiment Station Work 388 Bread and Bread Making 389 Pheasant Raising in the United States 390 Economical Use of Meat in the Home 391 Irrigation of Sugar Beets 392 Habit Forming Agents 393 The Use of Windmills in Irrigation in the Semi-arid West 394 Sixty-day and Kherson Oats 395 The Muskrat 396 Bees (same as 447) 397 Farm Practice in the Use of Commercial Fertilizers in the South Atlantic States 398 Irrigation of Grain 399 A More Profitable Corn Planting Method 400 The Protection of Orchards in the Pacific Northwest from Spring Frosts by Means of Fires and Smudges 401 Canada Bluegrass 402 The Construction of Concrete Fence Posts 403 Irrigation of Orchards 404 Experiment Station Work 405 Soil Conservation 406 The Potato as a Truck Crop 407 School Exercises in Plant Production 408 School Lessons on Corn 409 Potato Culls as a Source of Industrial Alcohol 410 Feeding Hogs in the South 411 Experiment Station Work 4iz The Care of Milk and Its Use in the Home 41d Corn Cultivation ^^^ 44 Seed Corn 415 The Production of Cigar-leaf Tobacco in Pennsylvania 416 Rice Culture 417 Experiment Station Work 419 Oats 420 The Control of Blowing Soils 421 Demonstration Work on Southern Farms 422 Forest Nurseries for Schools 423 Oats 424 Experiment Station Work 425 Canning Peaches on the Farm 426 Barley Culture in the Southern States 427 Testing Farm Seeds in the Home and in the Rural School 428 Industrial Alcohol 429 Experiment Station Work 430 The Peanut 431 How a City Family Managed a Farm 432 Cabbage 433 The Home Production of Onion Seed and Sets 434 Experiment Station Work , 435 Winter Oats for the South 436 A System of Tenant Farming and Its Results 437 Hog Houses 438 Anthrax 439 Spraying Peaches for the Control of Brown Rot, Scab, and Curculio.... 440 Lespedeza, or Japan Clover 441 The Treatment of Bee Diseases 442 Barley 443 Remedies and Preventatives Against Mosquitoes 444 Marketing Eggs Through the Creamery 445 The Choice of Crops for Alkali Land 446 Bees 447 Better Grain Sorghum Crops 448 Rabies or Hydrophobia 449 Some Facts About Malaria 450 Experiment Station Work 451 Capons and Caponizing 452 Danger of the General Spread of the Gypsey and Brown-tail Moths Through Imported Nursery Stock 453 A Successful New York Farm 454 Red Clover 455 Our Grosbeaks and Their Value to Agriculture 456 Experiment Station Work 457 The Best Two Sweet Sorghums for Forage 458 Houseflies 459 Frames as a Factor in Truck Growing 460 The Use of Concrete on the Farm 461 The Utilization of Logged-off Land for Pasture in Western Oregon and Western Washington 462 The Sanitary Privy 463 The Eradication of Quick-grass 464 Experiment Station Work 465 Winter Emmer 466 The Control of the Chestnut Bark Disease 467 Forestry in Nature Study 468 Experimental Station Work 469 Game Laws for 1911 470 Grape Propagation, Pruning, and Training 471 System of Farming in Central New Jersey 472 Tuberculosis 473 The Use of Paint on the Farm 474 Ice Houses 475 45 The Dying of Pine in the Southern States: Cause, Extent, and Remedy. . . 476 Sorghum Sirup Manufacture 477 How to Prevent Typhoid Fever 478 Experiment Station Work 479 Practical Methods of Disinfecting Stables 480 Concrete Construction on the Live Stock Farm 481 The Pear and How to Grow It 482 The Thornless Prickly Pears 483 Some Common Mammals of Western Montana in Relation to Agriculture and Spotted Fever 484 Sweet Clover 485 Experiment Station Work 486 Cheese and Its Economical Uses in the Diet 487 Diseases of Cabbage and Related Crops and Their Control 488 Two Dangerous Imported Plant Diseases 489 Bacteria in Milk 490 The Profitable Management of the Small Apple Orchard on the General Farm 491 The More Important Insect and Fungous Enemies of the Fruit and Foliage of the Apple 492 The English Sparrow as a Pest 493 Lawn Soils and Lawns 494 Alfalfa Seed Production 495 Raising Belgian Hares and Other Rabbits 496 Some Common Game, Aquatic, and Rapacious Birds in Relation to Man. . 497 Methods of Exterminating the Texas Fever Tick 498 Experiment Station Work 499 The Control of the Boll Weevil 500 Cotton Improvement Under Weevil Conditions 501 Timothy Production on Irrigated Land in the Northwestern States 502 Comb Honey ^^^ Experiment Station Work 504 Benefits of Improved Roads 505 Food of Some Well Known Birds of Forest, Farm, and Garden 506 The Smuts of Wheat. Oats, Barley, and Corn 507 Market Hay 508 Forage Crops for the Cotton Region 509 Game Laws for 1912 510 Farm Bookkeeping 511 The Boll Weevil Problem 51^ Experiment Station Work . .' 514 Vetches The Production of Maple Sirup and Sugar 516 Experiment Station Work 517 New York Botanical Garden Librar 3 5185 00259 4206