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THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 35, No. 1. JANUARY, 1914. Whole No. 192.

LIBRARY

<i

ANNUAL REPORT

OF

FARIVIERS' INSTITUTES

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

K. W. Barnes - - Lucama Second District.

R. L. Woodard Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott --- Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum --- Red Springs - Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

W. J. Shuford Hickory... Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe... Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM - Commissioner.

ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PicKEL Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

L. L. Brinklet - Assistant Chemist.

»W. E. Hearn -Soil Survey.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

J. K. Plummer.... Soil Chemist.

S. O. Perkins .Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

W. H. Strowd Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart - Assistant Chemist.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adicks Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

C. L. Metcalf... Assistant Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. Flowe Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton -- Dairy Experimenter.

tALviN J. Reed... Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming.

W. N. HUTT Horticulturist.

S. B. Shaw .Assistant Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER ...Director of Farmers' Institutes.

*Miss Cabbie Hudgins. Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sloan Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN.- - Pure Food Chemist.

E. W. Thornton ..Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

J. L. BURGESS - Agronomist and Botanist.

G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron... .-- Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

JE. H. Mathewson - Tobacco Investigations.

tC. R. Hudson... -- Farm Demonstration Work.

A. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Corn Club Work.

Mrs. Charles McKimmon Girls' Demonstration Work.

R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jeffries, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. Puckett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford N. C.

*Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

fAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

}:.4ssigned by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Raleigh, N. C, December 13, 1913.
Hon. W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture,

Raleigli, N. C.
Sib :— Herewith find my annual report o£ Farmers' and Women's In-
stitutes for the current year, which I recommend for the January, 1914,

Bulletin. Respectfully,

T. B. Parkek,

Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Approved for printing :

W. A. Graham,

Gomm,issioner.

REPORT OF FARMERS' INSTITUTES, 1913

By T. B. Parker, Director of Farmers' Institutes.

During the year, December 1, 1912, to Decemter 1, 1913, we held 260
institutes, each for men and women, with total attendance as follows:

At Regular Farmers' Institutes 34,978

At Regular Women's Institutes 23,007

In addition to the above we held a two-days JSTormal Institute for
institute lectures, a three-day round-up institute and four institutes for
negroes.

In many sections we had the hearty cooperation of ministers, school
teachers, physicians, and business men, as well as the farmers. We are
especially indebted to the newspapers for the many notices they have
given of the institutes, and in some instances they have printed the pro-
grams in full. We very much appreciate their kindness in this respect.

ISTo premiums were offered at the institutes for men, but premiums of
a year's subscription to a woman's magazine were offered to the woman
living on the farm, who made and exhibited the highest scoring loaf of
bread, and to the Avoman living on the farm who prepared and exhibited
the test school lunch under the conditions set forth in the following cir-
cular sent to applicants for information in regard to the exhibits :

Explanations of Preniiunis Offered at Women's Institutes.

The following explanations in regard to the premiums that we are offering
to the girls and women living on the farm for the best exhibits of bread
and school lunches at our women's institutes may be of value to would-be
exhibitors.

The school lunch exhibit is open to women over 18 years of age only; and
the bread exhibit to girls and women. This ruling will be strictly adhered
to. In either exhibit the exhibitor must sign a written statement, giving
name, post-office address and age, that is, whether she is over or under 18,
stating that she made the bread or prepared the lunch, place this informa-
tion in an envelope, seal it and place with the exhibti. By this means the
judge can be sure of getting the name and the address of the exhibitor.

The school lunch is deserving of more consideration than many pa-
rents give it. Childhood is an impressionable age and great care should
be exercised as to influences that are brought to bear on the child during
this critical period in its life. Influences that to us grown people seem small
may leave an impression with children throughout their lives. For this
reason we should be exceedingly careful as to the kind of influences that
surround our children. Cleanliness, and neatness should be among the early
impressions made upon the mind of the child. The school lunch is a good
means of impressing the child with these habits, or perhaps I might say
virtues, for they are virtues.

6

The Bulletin.

The school lunch should have three characteristics, appetizing, nourishing,
and easily digested. A normal child of school age requires considerable
food to meet the demands of up-keep and growth, so a school lunch should
be sufficiently appetizing to induce him to eat freely. It should be composed
of the things that will satisfy the hunger of a robust child, and at the same
time be so easily digested as to permit the child to study in the afternoon
rather than to be put to sleep from the effects of the lunch.

In preparing the school lunch avoid all soggy foods, all fried meats, unless
a small quantity of well fried breakfast bacon may be permissible. Good
bread and biscuits, boiled eggs, chicken and fresh meats, butter, sandwiches,
ripe fruit, salted peanuts or other nuts, plain cakes and a bottle of fresh
milk are sufficient to draw from and will supply the requirements of almost
any school child. Sandwiches may be made from home grown vegetables
with or without mayonnaise dressing as the child may prefer. The lunch
should be put up in a neat basket or bucket and never in a pasteboard box.
The latter is not as sanitary as the basket or bucket.

The basis of award will be as follows:

Neatness in packing 30%

Suitability of food to purpose 40%

Suitability of food to season 30%

In judging bread the following score card will be used: Flavor, 3-5
points; crust— color, depth, texture, 20 points; lightness, 15 points; grain
and texture, 10 points; crumb — color and moisture, 10 points; shape and
size, 10 points. Size recommended, 71/3x31/2x2% inches.

No award will be given for bread scoring less than 75 points, nor for
school lunches scoring less than 70 points.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES, 1913.

County

Alamance-

Alexander.
Alleghany -

Anson-

Aahe.

Avery

Beaufort.

Bertie.

Bladen -

B^unswick-

Date

July 24
Aug. 21
Aug. 22
Aug. 23
Aug. 25
Aug. 23
Sept. 25
Sept. 26
July 24
July 25
Sept. 22
Sept. 23
Sept. 24

Place

Oakdale... --

Elon College

Maj-^vood Academy

Friendship

Hawfields

Taylorsville. - - .

Sparta

Glade Valley

Lecturers

Dec. 10

Feb. 11

Feb. 12

Feb. 13

Jan. 27

Jan. 28

Jan. 29

Jan. 27

Feb. 3

Feb. 4

Jan. 28

Jan. 29

Jan. 30

Jan. 31

Feb. 1

Burgess, Eaton, Shaw.

Parker, Cunningham, Shaw.

Parker, Cunningham, Shaw.

Parker, Cunningham, Shaw.

Shaw, Cunningham.

Hendricks, Gray, D. T., Nelson.

Gray, J. M., Shaw, Rives.

Gray, J. M., Shaw, Parker, Rives.

Wadesboro- Sherman, Gray, D. T., McLean.

Peachland ' Sherman, Gray, D. T., McLean.

Jefferson j,Gray, J. M., Shaw, Rives.

Grassy Creek i Gray, J. M., Shaw, Rives.

Scottville Gray, J. M., Shaw, Rives.

Parker, Sherman, Browne.
Garren, Hutt, Hill.

Pantego

Bath

Aurora i Garren, Hutt, Hill

Washington I Garren, Hill.

Aulander ' Parker, Latham.

Mars Hill

Windsor

Dublin

Council

Abb ottsburg

Ash

Cool Run S. H..

Supply

Bolivia

Winnabow

Parker, Latham.

Parker, Latham.

Shaw.

Shaw, Scott.

Shaw, Scott, McLean.

Shaw.

Shaw.

Shaw.

Shaw.

Shaw.

The Bulletin.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES, 1913.

County

Buncombe.

Burke-

Cabarrus-

Caldwell.

Camden.
Carteret.
Caswell..

Catawba .

Chatham.

Cherokee.

Chowan..
Clay

Cleveland.

Columbus.

Craven.

Cumberland.

Currituck.

Dare

Davidson.

Davie.

Duplin.

Date

Aug. 12

Aug. 18

Aug. 6

Aug. 16

July 30

July 31

Aug. 1

Sept. 16

Sept. 17

Sept. 18

Jan. 17

Jan. 31

July 21

July 22

Aug. 2

Aug. 4

Aug. 5

Aug. 19

Aug. 20

Sept. 15

July 18

July 19

July 21

July 22

July 21

July 25

Dec. 20

July 22

July 23

July 24
Mar.

24,25

Aug. 14

Aug. 23

Jan. 22

Jan. 24

Jan. 25
Jan
Jan
Feb
Feb

Feb. 8

Feb. 10

Feb. 11

Jan. 14

Jan. 15

July 24
July 25
July 26
Aug. 18
Aug. 19
Aug. 3
Aug. 8
Aug. 9
Jan. 21
Jan. 22
May 2

Place

Lecturers

Democrat

Swannanoa

Hildebrand

Hickory Grove

Harrisburg ._

Mt. Pleasant

Concord

Granite Falls

Oak Hi]}

Patterson S. H. ...

Camden

Newport

Leasburg

Yancey ville

Terrell

St. James S. H

Conover

Wesley's Chapel

Ground

Cloninger's Farm.

Claremont

Bynum -

Farrington

Goldston

SilerCity.

Murphy

Andrews

Edenton

Ogden

Elf

Camp

Hayes ville.

Hendricks, Robinson, Holmes.
Parker, Gray, D. T., Meacham.
Sherman, Browne, French.
Hendricks, Robinson.
Garren, Eaton, Green.
Garren, Eaton, Green.
Garren, Eaton, Green.
Shaw, Gray, Rives.
Shaw, Gray, Rives.
Shaw, Gray, Rives.
Gray, Burgess.
Garren, Hill.

Johnson, Cunningham, Fletcher.
Johnson, Cunningham, Fletcher.
Sherman, Browne, French.
Sherman, Browne, French.
Sherman, Browne, French.

Hendricks, Gray, Nelson.
Hendricks, Gray, Nelson.
Gray.

Sherman, Flowe, H. P., Green.
Sherman, Flowe, H. P., Green.
Rives, Eaton, Green.
Rives, Eaton, Green.
Williams, Curtis, Holmes.
Williams, Curtis, Holmes.
Sherman, Browne.
Williams, Curtis, Holmes.
Williams, Curtis, Holmes.
Williams, Curtis, Holmes.

Mooresboro Parker, Eaton.

Ellenboro - Sherman, French, Reed.

Casar

Hallsboro

Chadbourn

Tabor

Old Dock

Beech Grove

Vanceboro

Dover

Fayette ville

Stedman

Wade

Currituck C. H.
Jarvisburg

Enterprise.
Wallburg...

Sherman, Eaton, Robinson.

Shaw, Scott.

Shaw, Scott.

Shaw, Scott.

Shaw, Scott.

Garren, Hill.

Garren, Hill.

Garren, Hill.

Shaw, Scott, McLean.

Shaw, Scott, McLean.

Shaw, Scott, McLean.

Gray, Burgess.

Gray, Burgess.

Newman, Cunningham, Rives.

Newman, Cunningham, Rives.

Tyro Newman, Cunningham, Rives.

Clarskburg .J Garren, Roberts, Green.

Cedar Springs I Garren, Roberts, Green.

Mocksville 1 Robinson.

Center Church i Gray, Robinson, Cunningham.

Fork Church : Gray, Robinson, Cunningham.

Concord S. H.

Faison

Warsaw

Garren, Hill.
Garren, Hill.
Burgess.

The Bulletin.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES, 1913.

County

Durham July 18

Edgecombe Feb. 3

Feb. 5
Feb. 15
Feb. 22
Sept. 12

Forsyth Aug. 7

Aug. 11
Aug. 12
Aug. 16

Franklin Feb. 15

Feb. 17
i Mar. 1

Gaston : Aug. 16

Aug. 18
Aug. 20

Date

Place

Gates

Graham..
Granville.

Jan. 20

Redwood

Speed

Whitakers

Macclesfield

Brick...

Test Farm

Rural Hall.

Burke's Grove...

Clemmons

Kernersville

Franklinton

Louisburg

Louisburg

Sunnyside S. H.
Chapel Church..

Stanley

Gatesville

Feb. 13
Feb. 14

Halifax.

Harnett...
Haywood.

Hertford -

Greene.. Jan. 25

Guilford July 25

I Aug. 18
Aug. 19
Aug. 20
Sept. 1
Jan. 25
Feb. 7
Feb. 8
Feb. 12
Aug. 9
'' Aug. 11

Henderson Aug. 5

Aug. 7
Aug. 8
Jan. 21
Jan. 22
Jan. 30

Hoke... July 21

Hyde Dec. 12

Dec. 13
Dec. 14
Dec. 16
Mar.

13,14
July 28
Aug. 16
Aug. 21
Aug. 22

Jackson ; July 28

July 29

Johnston .Jan. 13

Jan. 14
Jan. 15
Mar. 28
Jan. 27
Feb. 6

Iredell.

Oxford

Hester

Test Farm

Snow Hill

Pleasant Garden.

Deep River

Battleground

McLeansville

Colfax..

Scotland Neck...

Weldon

Littleton

Dunn.

Bethel

Rock Hill

Green River

Mills River.

Liberty

Winton

Murfreesboro

Ahoskie

Raeford..

Swan Quarter

Lake Landing

Fairfield

Sladesville

Jones.

Sladesville

Mooresville.

Test Farm

Cool Springs.

Eupeptic Springs.

Quallatown

CuUowhee

Woodward S. H. .

Selma

Benson

Smithfield

Pollocks ville.

Trenton

Lecturers

Johnson, Cunningham, Parker.

Gray, Latham.

Gray, Latham.

Garren, Hutt.

Gray, Garren.

Graham, Gray, D. T., Garren.

Gray, Robinson, Cunningham.

Gray.

Gray.

Gray, Shaw, Cunningham.

Gray, Parker.

Gray.

Gray.

Sherman, French.

Sherman, Eaton, Robinson.

Sherman, Eaton, Robinson.

Gray, Eaton.

Gray, Parker.

Parker, Gray.

Fulton.

Garren, Hill.

Burgess, Eaton, Green.

Hendricks, Nelson, Cunningham.

Hendricks, Nelson, Cunningham.

Hendricks, Shaw, Cunningham.

Parker, Gray.

Parker, Gray.

Gray, Latham.

Gray, Latham.

Shaw, Scott, McLean.

Hendricks, Millsaps, Holmes.

Hendricks, Millsaps, Holmes.

Hendricks, Millsaps, Holmes.

Hendricks, Millsaps, Holmes.

Hendricks, Millsaps, Holmes.

Gray, Parker, Eaton.

Gray, Parker, Eaton.

Gray, Parker.

McLean, Gray, Dan T.

Parker, Sherman, Browne.

Parker, Sherman, Browne.

Parker, Sherman, Browne.

Parker, Sherman, Browne.

Parker, Sherman.
Garren, Eaton, Shuford.
Shuford, Nelson, Gray, D. T.
Hendricks, Gray, D. T., Nelson.
Hendricks, Gray, D. T., Nelson.
Williams, Millsaps, Holmes.
Williams, Millsaps, Holmes.
Garren, Hill.
Garren, Hutt, Hill.
Scott, McLean.
Parker, Winston.
Garren, Hill.
Garren, Hutt, Hill.

The Bulletin.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES, 1913.

County

Lee.

Lenoir.

Lincoln.

Macon.

Madison-

Date

Martin.

McDowell.

Mecklenburg.

Mitchell.

Montgomery.

Moore-

Nash

New Hanover.
Northampton.

Onslow

Orange

Pamlico

Pasquotank...

Pender

Perquimans...

Person.

Pitt

Polk

Randolph

Place

Broadway.

Sant'ord.

La Grange.

Kinston.

Iron Station.

Reepsville.

Triangle.

Higdonville.

Maxwell's S. H..

Franklin.

Otto.

Mars Hill

Marshall

Robersonville

Oak City

Marion

Old Fort

Charlotte

Arlington

Rhyne

Dixie

Hunters ville

Charlotte...

Spruce Pine

Bakers ville

Star...

Mt. Gilead. _..

Cameron

Aberdeen

West End...

Carthage

Glendon

Elise...

Nashville

Stanhope

Stanhope

Wrigthsboro

Lasker..

Rich Square..

Seaboard

Harris S. H

Richlands

Efland

Bayboro.

Elizabeth City

Salem

Burgaw

Atkinson

Hertford

Roxboro

Farm ville

Grifton..

Greenville

Grimesland

Columbus

Liberty

Farmer

Mt. Olivet Academy.

Lecturers

Gray.

Garren, McLean, Rives.

Garren, Hill.

Garren, Hill.

Sherman, Robinson, Eaton.

Sherman, Robinson, ^J^ton.

Sherman, Robinson, Eaton.

Williams, Millsaps, Holmes.

Williams, Millsaps, Holmes,

Williams, Millsaps, Holmes.

Williams, Millsaps, Holmes.

Hendricks, Millsaps, Holmes.

Hendricks, Millsaps, Holmes.

Gray, Latham.

Gray, Latham.

Sherman, French, Browne.

Hendricks, Millsaps, Holmes.

Parker, Eaton.

Sherman, Browne, French.

Sherman, Browne, French.

Sherman, Robinson, Eaton.

Garren, Eaton, Green.

Gray.

Sherman, Browne, French.

Sherman, Browne, French.

Garren, McLean, Rives.

Garren, Roberts, Rives.

Rives, Gray, D. T., McLean.

Rives, Gray, D. T., McLean.

Garren, McLean, Rives.

Garren, McLean, Rives.

Garren, McLean, Rives.

Garren, McLean, Rives.

Gray, Latham.

Garren, Hutt.

Graham, Garren, Gray, D. T.

Shaw, Scott.

Parker, Gray, Eaton.

Parker, Gray, Eaton.

Gray, Latham.

Garren, Hill.

Garren, Hill.

Parker, Hill, Winters.

Garren, Hill.

Gray, Burgess.

Gray, Eaton.

Shaw, Scott.

Shaw, Scott, McLean.

Gray.

Johnson, Cunningham, Fletcher.

Parker, Sherman.

Garren, Hutt, Hill.

Garren, Hutt, Hill.

Garren, Hutt, Hill.

Hendricks, Millsaps, Holmes.

Burgess, Eaton, Green.

Garren, Roberts, Rives.

Garren, Roberts, Rives.

10

The Bulletin.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES, 1913.

County

Randolph-

Richmond.

Robeson.

Rockingham.

Date

Scotland.
Stanly —

Stokes.

Surry.

Aug. 22
Aug. 23
July 22
July 23
Jan. 13
Jan. 14
Jan. 16
Jan. 18
Jan. 23
July 23
Aug. 15

Rowan July 26

Aug. 2

Aug. 15

Aug. 16

I Aug. 25

Rutherford . Aug. 13

' Aug. 14

Sampson I Jan. 20

Feb. 6
Feb. 7
Feb. 13
Feb. 14
Jan. 15
Aug. 12
Aug. 13
Aug. 14
Aug. 13
Aug. 14
Aug. 1
Aug. 4
Aug. 5
Aug. 6
Sept. 29
July 26
Aug. 6
Dec. 18
July 26
July 28
July 29
July 30
Feb. 11
Feb. 12
Sept. 9
Feb. 19
Aug. 26,
27,28
Feb. 8
Feb. 10
Dec. 10
Dec. 17
Dec. 19
Sept. 18
Sept. 19
Jan. 15
Jan. 16
Jan. 17
Jan. 18

Swain

Transylvania.

Tyrrell

Union

Vance.

Wake.

Warren.

Washington.

Watauga.

Wayne.

Place

Park's X Roads

Sophia

Hoffman

Rockingham

Lumber Bridge

Red Springs

Lumberton

St. Paul

Fairmont

Ruffin -

Gold Hill

Mt. Ulla

China Grove

Liberty S. H

Rockwell

Woodleaf

Rutherfordton

EUenboro

Clinton

Garland

Salemburg

Newton Grove

Spring Branch.

John's Station

Big Lick

Endy, S. H

Richfield

Walnut Cove

Danbury

Copeland

Pilot Mountain

Westfield

A-ntioch Church

Piney Grove Church.

Bryson City

Selica...

Columbia

Wingate

Waxhaw

Prospect

Indian Trail...

Middleburg

Bear Pond

Henderson..

Zebulon

Lecturers

Garren, Roberts, Rives.

Garren, Roberts, Rives.

Sherman, Gray, D. T., McLean.

Sherman, Gray, D. T., McLean.

Scott.

Scott.

Scott, Shaw, Millsaps.

Scott, Shaw, Millsaps.

Shaw, Scott.

Newman, Cunningham, Rives.

Gray, Shaw, Cunnignham.

Garren, Eaton, Green.

Garren, Eaton, Green.
I Garren, Roberts, Rives.

Garren, Roberts, Rives.

Hendricks, Roberts, Rives.

Sherman, French, Reed.

Sherman, French, Reed.

Garren, Hill.
! Shaw, McLean.
} Shaw, Scott, McLean.
j Shaw, Scott, McLean.

Shaw, Scott, McLean.
I Scott.
1 Garren, Roberts, Rives.

Garren, Roberts, Rives.

Garren, Roberts, Rives.

Gray, Shaw, Cunningham.

Gray, Shaw, Cunningham.

Newman, Curtis, Cunningham.

Newman, Robinson, Cunningham.
1 Newman, Robinson, Cunningham.
i Gray, Robinson, Cunningham.
'■ Gray, Parker.

Williams, Curtis, Holmes.
I Williams, Millsaps, Holmes.
I Sherman, Browne.

1 Sherman, Gray, D. T., McLean.

1 Sherman, Browne, McLean.

! Sherman, Browne, McLean.

1 Sherman, Browne, McLean.

I Parker, Gray.

j Parker, Gray.
Gray.
Garren, Hutt, Graham.

Raleigh

Littleton

Warrenton

Plymouth

Maokey's Ferry.

CresweU

VaUe Crucis

Boone

Hood Swamp...
Salem Church...
Falling Creek...
Smith's Chapel.

Round-up Institute.
Gray, Latham.
Gray, Parker.
Parker, Sherman, Browne.
Parker, Sherman, Browne.
Sherman, Browne.
Gray, Shaw, Rives.
Gray, Shaw, Rives.
Garren, Hill.
Garren, Hill.
Garren, Hill.
Garren, Hill.

The Bulletin.

11

FARMERS' INSTITUTES, 1913.

County

Date

Place

Lecturers

Wayne

Jan. 23
Sept. 13
July 28
July 29
July 30
Sept. 27
Feb. 15
Feb. 17
July 31
Aug. 1
Aug. 8
Aug. 9

Seven Springs

Garren, Hill.

Rose

Parker, Garren, Gray, D. T.

W Ikes

Beaver Creek

Newman, Curtis, Cunningham.

Wilkesboro - -

Newman, Curtis, Cunningham.

Ronda - .

Newman, Curtis, Cunningham.

Trap Hill

Gray, Parker, Shaw, Rives.

Wilson

Stantonsburg..

Garren, Hutt.

Lucama ._

Garren, Hutt.

Yadkin—

Yadkin ville

Newman, Curtis, Cunningham.

Booneville

Newman, Curtis, Cunningham.

Yancey

Burnsville

Bald Creek

Sherman, Browne, French.

Sherman, Browne, French.

LECTURERS AND SUBJECTS.

Name

•ST!
a a)

1-1 a
. £>

Subjects

Browne, T. E

District Demonstration Agent.
Burgess, J. L

Agronomist, Department of Agriculture.

Cunningham, J. S... -

Curtis, R. S

Assistant Animal Husbandry.
Eaton, W. H..

Dairy Expert.

Flowe, H. P

Assistant Veterinarian.
French, A. L

Farmer.
Fletcher, J. D

Farmer.
Fulton, Dr. R. H

Plant Pathologist, Agricultural and Me-
chanical College.
Garren, G. M _-

Assistant Agronomist, Department of Agri-
culture.
Gray, Jas. M

Assistant Director of Farmers' Institutes,
Department of Agriculture.

Gray, Dan T..

Chief of Animal Husbandry, Department
of Agriculture.

Geeen, E. L

Hendricks, M. J

Farmer.
Hill, R. G

Assistant Horticulturist.
Holmes, J ^

State Forester.

24 Peanut Culture.
Corn Culture.
Farm Crops.
Soil Building.

32 Tobacco Culture.
12 I Beef Production.

25 Silo and Silage.
Care and Feeding of Dairy Cows.
Butter Making.

4 Diseases of Live Stock.

57

18

15
15

27

21

Soil Improvement With Live Stock.
Corn Culture.
Plant Diseases.

55 Soil Improvement.
Corn Culti.u:e.

Legumes as Soil Improvers.
Soil Management.
Corn Culture.
Seed Selection.
Hog Growing.

Chicken Growing.
Wheat Culture.
Corn Culture.
Apple Culture.
Vegetable Gardens.
Forest Protection.

12

The Bulletin.

LECTURERS AND SUBJECTS.

Name

;3T!
m »

'=''5

-I a
. <a

^^

Subjects

HUTT, W. N

State Horticulturist, Department of Agri-
culture.
Johnson, J. M

Expert in Farm Management, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture.
Latham, J

Farmer.
McLean, T. D.-..

District Demonstration Agent.
Meacham, F. T

Superintendent Test Farm.

MiLLSAPS, E. S

District Demonstration Agent.

Nelson, O. A -

Farmer.

Newman, C. L

Professor of Agriculture, Agricultural and
Mechanical College.

Parker, T. B

Director of Farmers' Institutes, Depart-
ment of Agriculture.

Shaw, S. B .-._

Assistant Horticulturist, Department of
Agriculture.

Sherman, Franklin, Jr

State Entomologist, Department of Agri-
culture.

Scott, R. W --- ---

Farmer.

Shuford, W. J

Rives, J. R

Farmer.

Reed, A. J..

Dairy Specialist, U. S. Department of Agri-
culture.

Roberts, Dr. G. A

College Veterinarian, Agricultural and Me-
chanical College.

Robinson, John

Farmer.

Williams, C. B

Assistant Director Experiment Station, De-
partment Agriculture.

Winston. R

Assistant Pathologist, Agricultural and Me-
chanical College.
Winters

12

12

19

15

12

36

42

40

15

15

15

Pecan Growing.
Orchard Management.

Farm Management.

Crop Rotation.

Cotton Growing.
Soil Improvement.

Corn Culture.
Cotton Culture.
Cooperation.

Soil Improvement.
Cotton Culture.
Commercial Fertilizers.
Commercial Fertilizers.
Corn and Cotton Culture.
Soil Building.
Apple Culture.
Spraying and Spray Materials.

Insect Pests and their Control.

Live Stock on the Farm.
Farm Management.
Cooperation.
Cooperation.

Dairying.

Diseases of Live Stock.

Dairying.
Cooperation.
Farm Crops.
Lime and its Use.

Plant Diseases.

Cotton Growing.

The Bulletin.

13

County and Local Farmers' Institute Organizations.

Farmers' Institute Committees are appointed in all the counties where
institutes are held. The duties of the members of the committees are to
suggest places where the institutes are to be held,' topics for discussion,
advertise the meetings, look after the comfort of those attending the
meetings, see that the house or hall in which the institute is to be held
is put in good order before the hour for the institute to meet.

Tarniers' clubs, local Farmers' Alliances, and local Farmers'^ Unions
can greatly help the institutes by cooperating with the local institute
committees and the conductor of the institute party. Such cooperation
is welcomed.

CHAIRMEN OF COUNTY AND LOCAL FARMERS' INSTITUTE COMMITTEES.

County

Chairman of Committee

Postoffice

Chas. R. Cates

Mebane.

Elon College

Oakdale

Alexander

Alleghany

Anson

Peachland

Ashe

Scottsville

Beaufort.

Bath

W P Lawrence -

Elon College.

Liberty.

J H Smith

Taylorsville.

S F Thomnson — .

Walls.

Tiv W J McLendon--

Wadesboro.

TT TVT Tiaiicom

Peachland

Jefferson.

Ed Sheoherd

Scottsville.

W D Grimes

Washington.

J. B. Archbell

Bath.

Bertie.

Mars Hill Josiah Brown

Bladen... R- B. Cromartie.

Council ! T. A. Jones

Tarheel S. P. Metcalf

Clarkton... E. J. Cox.

C. W. Spruill --I Quitsna.

Coleraine.

Elizabethtown.

Zara.

Tarheel.

Clarkton.

Abbottsburg ....; F. S. Averitt Abbottsburg

Brunswick Jack Johnson-
Ash ! R. M. Long...

Shallotte i E. M. Parker..

Supply : W. Sellers

Cool Run S. H.
Buncombe

Democrat

Swannanoa

Burke

Glen Alpine

Winnabow.

Ash.

Shallotte.

Supply.

Shallotte.

J. M. Hewett.

R. P. Hayes ---- Asheville.

S. H.Carter ! Democrat.

R. W. CoUett- 1 Swannanoa.

J. M. Coulter ..[ Connelly Springs.

John Houck ..; Glen Alpine.

Hickory Grove.. J. A. Lackey... -- Morganton, No. 5

Cabarrus i A. H. Litaker Concord.

Harrisburg...

Mt. Pleasant.
Caldwell

Oak Hill

Camden

Carteret

Caswell

Leasburg

Catawba

Claremont

C. L. Sims Harrisburg.

W. H.Fisher j Mt. Pleasant.

G. M.Goforth 1 Lenoir.

D. C. Flowers Lenoir, No. 2.

W. G. Ferebee.... - Gregory.

D. N. McCain ; Newport.

J. F. Walters.—

E. W. Lea.

John Robinson.
J. A. Arndt

Wesley's Chapel '■ R. O. Ramseur

Blanche.
Leasburg.
Hickory.
Claremont.
Hickory, No. I.

Cloninger's Farm.

Newton

Conover

C. F. Bowman ' Hickory, No. 2.

C. E. Smyre. --1 Newton.

Adrian Shuford ' Conover.

J4

The Edlletin.

CHAIRMEN OF COUNTY AND LOCAL FARMERS' INSTITUTE COMMITTEES.

County

Chairman of Committee

Poatoffice

Chatham.

Bynum

Goldston

Siler City

Cherokee

Murphy

Andrews ---

Chowan

Clay-

Brasstown—

Ogden

Elf

Cleveland ---

Casar --.

Columbus

Tabor

Whiteville

Old Dock

Hallsboro

Craven-

Vanceboro--

Beech Grove

Cumberland

Stedman

Currituck

Davidson

Clarksburg

Cedar Springs

Wallburg

Tyro

Welcome

Thomasville

Davie

Center Church

Fork Church—

Duplin

Calypso-

Rose HilL-

Faison -

Durham

Edgecombe..

Conetoe...

Whitakers.

Forsyth

Rural Hall

Burke Grove

Clemmons

KernersviUe

Franklin

Franklinton

Gaston

Sunnyside School..

Chapel Church

Gates

Granville

Stovall

Creedmoor

Greene

Grimsley's Chiirch.

J. E. Womble

R. L. Ward.

I. P. Coggins.

Geo. Womble.

G. B. Walker

B. M.Ledford.

D. W. Whisenhunt..

Z. W.Evans....

W. T. Bumgarner...

Carl Scroggs.

G. S. McClure..

W. A. Cassada

J. T. Gardner

A. A. Warlick

D. Boughner

Minos Meares..

Dr. W. Ross Davis.

C. W. Suggs

J. A. Wyche

W. H. Bray

O. McLawhorne

G. T. Richardson..

W. H. Downing

R. S. Autry.

J. J. Ferebee

P. J. Leonard

T. R. Hundley

J. R. Crouse..

A. W. Yokley

C. F. Koonts

J. C. Ripple.

J. W. Lambeth

S. A. Woodruff

E. B. Barneycastle.

W.F.Merrill

J. A. Shine

J. T. Albritton

Maury Ward

H. J. Faison

E. J. Parrish

G. T. DeBerry

N. B. Dawson

M. J. Battle..

A. B. Atwood

J. E. Fowler.-..

P. E. Burke

T. W. Griffith

N. H. Smith

T. B. Wilder

J. C. Winston

E. D. Thompson-. .-

H. S. Sellers.

E. A. Hurley

W. J. Boone

E. G. Moss

C. L. Lewis..

C. H. Cozart

W. R. Dixon

J. T. Dixon

Apex, No. 4.

Riggsbee.

Bear Creek.

Siler City.

Andrews.

Ranger.

Andrews.

Tyner.

Hayesville.

Brasstown.

Ogden.

Hayesville, No. 1.

Shelby.

Casar.

Chadbourn.

Tabor.

Whiteville.

Old Dock.

Hallsboro.

New Bern.

Vanceboro.

New Bern.

Fayetteville.

Stedman.

Shawboro.

Lexington.

Lexington, No. 2.

Cid.

Winston-Salem, No. 5.

Linwood, No. 1.

Lexington, No. 4.

Thomasville.

Mocksville.

Mooksville, No. 5.

Mocksville, No. 3.

Faison.

Mt. Olive.

Rose Hill.

Faison.

Durham.

Tarboro.

Conetoe.

Whitakers.

Winston-Salem.

Rural Hall.

Winston-Salem, No. 1.

Clemmons.

KernersviUe.

Louisburg.

Franklinton.

Stanley.

Kings Mountain.

Gastonia.

Drum Hill.

Creedmoor.

Stovall.

Creedmoor.

Snow Hill.

Farmville.

The Bulletin.

15

CHAIRMEN OF COUNTY AND LOCAL FARMERS' INSTITUTE COMMITTEES.

County

■ V-

Guilfoid.

Deep River-

Chairman of Committee

J. G. Frazier.
W. L. Kivett.

Postoffice

Guilford College.
High Point.

McLeansville ' Junius Boon.. ] McLeansville.

Pleasant Garden... .-.| C. E. Hockart..

Colfax W. L. Gibbons.

Halifax - J- H. Sherrod..

G. W. Bryan...

Claud Sessoms.

C. McT^rtan

Scotland Neck

Littleton...

Harnett.

Coats ' T. D. Stewart

Duke A. F. Fowler

Haywood ' Dr. G. D. Green..

Bethel ! M. D. Kinsland...

Jurvis H. Allison.
E. G. P. Murry—
J. P. Fletcher

Rock HiU

Canton

Henderson

Green River S. H J. W. Ward

Mills River S. H -.[ M. M. Britton..

Dana. Samuel Rau

Liberty R. A. McKillop.

Hertford.. W. P. Shaw

Ahoskie A. E. Garrett...

Hoke -i J- H. Campbell

Chas. Brim.

J.

J.

W. Sherrill.

Hyde

Middletown

IredelL...

Cool Springs | W. F. Reece

Eupeptic Springs J. K. Patterson

Mooresville T. J. Williams...

Jackson Prof. Frank H. Brown

Quallatown -..| J. E. Rogers

Johnston -- W. M. Saunders

Kenly.. L. B. Boyette

Benson J. F. Lee

Jones ' T. C. Whitaker

Pollocksville ". : A. H.White

Lee ! J. R- Rives — —

Lenoir ' G. F. Loftin

Seven Springs G. G. Quinn

LaGrange J. E. Jones

Lincoln -- H. S. Robinson

Triangle.- J. H. Nixon

McDowell

Old Fort

Macon.

Maxwell S. H.
Otto

HigdonviUe...
Madison

Mars Hill

Martin

Oak City

Mecklenburg

Huntersville..

Derita.

Mitchell.

Pleasant Garden.

Colfax.

Enfield.

Scotland Neck.

Littleton.

Littleton.

Coats. \

Duke.

Waynesville.

Waynesville, No. 3.

Dellwood.

Canton.

Fletcher.

Zirconia.

Horse Shoe.

Hendersonville.No. 1.

Henderson villa.

Winton.

Ahoskie.

Raeford.

Swan Quarter.

S. Mann. Middletown.

Statesville, No. 6

Statesville, No. 7

Statesville, No. 2,

Mooresville.

Cullowhee.

Whittier. '

Smithfield.

Kenly.

Benson.

Trenton.

Pollocksville.

Sanford.

Kinston.

Seven Springs.

LaGrange.

Lincolnton.

Stanley.

Marion.

Old Fort.

Franklin.

Franklin, No. 1.

Otto.

E. S. Frisbie...
J. L. Burgin...
Arthur Siler...

C. B. Yeargan

D. T. Cabe....

Parker Moore ---\ HigdonviUe.

L. M. Bryan -- Marshall.

A. F. Sprinkle --- -- Mars Hill.

P. R. Rives -— Robersonville.

N. M. Worsley Oak City.

C. C. Moore - ;- Charlotte.

A. B. McAuley ----- Huntersville.

B.J. Hunter i Derita.

Jos. Bowditch 1 Toecane

Spruce Pine N. S. Lawrence ' Spruce Pine.

16

The Bulletin.

CHAIRMEN OF COUNTY AND LOCAL FARMERS' INSTITUTE COMMITTEES.

County

Chairman of Committee

PostoflSce

Montgomery

Star .-.

Mt. Gilead. ---

Moore

West End.— -..

Glendon --

Hemp

Cameron

Nash

Stanhope High S

New Hanover

Northampton

Rich Square.

Lasker

Onslow

Richlands

Orange

Pamlico

Pasquotank

Weeks ville

Pender...

Atkinson

Perquimans

Person

Pitt..

Grimesland

Grifton..

Polk

Randolph

Liberty

Mt. Olivet Academy.

Parks Cross Roads...

Randleman.-

Richmond

Ellerbe

Robeson..

Parkton

St. Paul

Lumber Bridge

Fairmont

Red Springs...

Rockingham...

Gold HilL„_

Ruffin

Leaksville

Appier

Rowan

China Grove

Liberty S. H

Rockwell

Mt. Ulla

Rutherford

Ellenboro

Sampson '

Newton Grove

Roseboro

Garland

Spring Branch

O. B. Deaton

G. N. Scarboro

R. A. Bruton...

T. D. McLean

W. P. Cochrane

A. J. Jones

J. C. Monroe

H. P. McPherson....

S. F. Austin

S. H. Brantley

Wm. Gregerson

J. W. Jessup

W. E. Spivey

C. S. Lasker

Dr. J. L. Nicholson.
J. M. Franck

A. H. Rimmer

G. T. Farnell

R. N. Morgan.

H. M. Pritchard

W. M. Hand.

Geo. J. Moore

M. H. White

C. B. Brooks

J. F. Evans

Alston Grimes

J. C. Gaskins-

T. T. Ballinger

John Beeson.

J. M. Williams

W. M. Mofatt

J. O. Forester

Will Lassiter

W. C. Leak

E. L. Pegram

J. A. McAllister

W. S. Cobb

G. M. D. Howard...

Neil Shaw.

N. T. Andrews

J. D. McLean

J. V. Price...

J. P. Wilson

B. L. Blackwell

J. J. Thomas...

R. L. Pearson

T. D. Brown..

M. A. Stirewalt

A. N. Trexler

C. M. Fisher

J. K. Goodman

J. M. Jones

G. S. Harrill

S. H. Hobbs

J. W. Bryan...

D. W. Culbreth

J. D. Johnson

W. A. Jackson

Troy.

Star.

Mt. Gilead.

Carthage.

West End.

Glendon.

Eagle Springs.

Cameron.

Nashville.

Spring Hope.

Castle Hayne.

Rich Square.

Rich Square.

Lasker.

Richlands.

Richlands.

Hillsboro.

Bayboro.

Elizabeth City.

Weeksville.

Burgaw.

Atkinson.

Hertford.

Roxboro.

Greenville.

Grimesland.

Grifton.

Tryon.

Asheboro.

Liberty.

Moffitt.

Ramseur.

Randleman.

Rockingham.

Ellerbe.

Lumberton.

Parkton.

St. Paul.

Lumber Bridge

Fairmont.

Red Springs.

Madison.

Madison.

Pelham.

Leaksville.

Reidsville, No.

Salisbiiry.

China Grove.

Gold Hill, No.

Rockwell.

Mt. UUa.

Rutherfordton.

Ellenboro.

Clinton.

Newton Grove

Roseboro.

Garland.

Cooper.

1.

The Bulletin.

17

CHAIRMEN OF COUNTY AND LOCAL FARMERS' INSTITUTE COMMITTEES.

County

Chairman of Committee

Scotland

Stanly

Richfield

Endy S. H— --

Stokes

Walnut Cove

Surry

Piney Grove Church.

Copeland

Mt. Airy

Pilot Mountain

Swain

Transylvania

Selica

Tyrrell

Union:

Indian Trail -..

Prospect

Waxhaw

Wingate

Vance --.

W. N. McKenzie

G. T. Dunlap

E. D. Coggins

W. A. Harward

I. G. Ross

Chap. Bodenheimer.

S. C. Franklin

J. L. Jackson

Jos. Osborne

W. J. Herring

D. J. Denney

R. L. Sandidge

W. H. Grogan

C. C. Duckworth.—
W. W. Sawyer

J. W. Rollins

S. A. Latham

E. G. Yarborough.
Dr. J. R. Jerome...
J. B. Allen

Middleburg i J. K. Plummer.

Wake..

Zebulon

Warren

Wise

Washington

Creswell

Watauga

Wayne

Smith Chapel-

Pikeville..

Hood Swamp-
Falling Creek.

Wilkes

Trap Hill

Wilson

Yadkin

Yancey

W. B. Upchurch

W. H. Chamblee, Jr..

H. T. Macon

P. R. Perkinson

T. W. Blount

W. T. Hopkins

J. C. Horton

H. D. Ham

W. B. Hood

E. T. Crawford

J. F. Smith

T. I. Sutton

A. G. Hendren

M. A. Bryan

E. B. Dean

A. S. Speer

E. F. Watson

PostofBce

Gibson.

Norwood.

New London.

Bridgeport.

Walnut Cove.

Germanton.

Mt. Airy.

Mt. Airy.

Rockford.

Mt. Airy.

Pinnacle.

Bryson City.

Brevard.

Selica.

Columbia.

Indian Trail.

Monroe, No. 4.

Waxhaw.

Wingate.

Henderson, No. 4.

Middleburg.

Apex.

Zebulon.

Warrenton.

Wise.

Roper.

Creswell.

Boone.

Goldsboro.

Mt. Olive.

Pikeville.

Aaron.

Goldsboro, No. 4.

Straw.

Trap Hill.

Wilson.

Booneville.

Burnsville.

S. H. Hobbs..
T. E. Browne.

STATE FARMERS' CONVENTION.

President.
Secretary.

Clinton, N. C.
West Raleigh, N. C.

18 The Bulletin.

WOMEN'S INSTITUTES, 1913

This is the first year we have ever held as many institutes in the State
for women as we have for men. With each year interest and number
in attendance increase. This is well. Someone has very truthfully
said that "The home is the center of all life and that woman is the center
of the home." This being true we can most effectively reach the people
of the community through the women, therefore, it is well that we shall
support with all diligence this feature of our institute work.

The first Women's Institutes held in the State were in 1906, when 21
institutes were held in 19 counties. Since then they have grown in
numbers and attendance each year until this year we held 260 Women's
Institutes in 97 counties and with a total attendance of 23,007.

The following is a partial list of the subjects discussed at the Women's
Institutes :

Health Hints.

Care of the Sick.

Care of Infants.

What to do Until the Doctor Comes.

Home ISTursing.

Home Sanitation.

Bread Making.

School Lunches.

Best Methods of Cooking.

The Tireless Cooker.

Household Conveniences.

Child Training.

Invalid Cookery.

Time-saving Appliances.

Preventable Diseases.

Insect Pests.

The Home Garden.

The Country Woman and Her Relations to the Home and

Community.
The Country Home.
Country Women's Organizations, etc.

The Bulletin.

19

WOMEN'S INSTITUTES, 1913.

County

Alamance.

Alexander.
Alleghany.

Date

Bertie.

Bladen.

July 24
Aug. 21
Aug. 22
Aug. 23
Aug. 25
Aug. 23
Sept. 25
Sept. 26

Anson I July 24

July 25

Ashe ' Sept 22

Sept. 23
Sept. 24

Avery

Beaufort Dec.

Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.

Brunswick Jan.

Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Aug. 12
Aug. 18

Burke Aug. 6

Aug. 16

Cabarrus July 30

July 31
Aug. 1
Sept. 15
Sept. 16
Sept. 17

Camden Jan. 17

Carteret Jan. 31

Caswell July 21

July 22

Catawba Aug. 2

Location

Oakdale

Elon College..

Maywood Academy.

Friendship H. S

Hawfields S. H

Taylorsville...

Sparta

Glade Valley S. H. ..

Wadesboro

Peachland

Jefferson.

Grassy Creek

Scottsville

Lecturers

Buncombe.

CaldweU.

Chatham.

. Cherokee.
Chowan..

Aug.

4

Aug.

5

Aug.

19

Aug.

20

Sept.

15

July

18

July

19

July

21

July

22

July

21

July

25

Dec.

20

Pantego

Bath _

Aurora

Washington

Aulander

Mars Hill

Windsor

Dublin

Council

Abbottsburg

Ash....

Cool Run S. H

Supply

Bolivia

Winnabow

Democrat

Swannanoa

Hildebrand

Hickory Grove S. H

Harrisburg

Mt. Pleasant.

Concord

Granite Falls

Oak Hill

Patterson School

Camden C. H

Newport

Leasburg.

Yancey ville

Terrell

St. James S. H

Conover

Wesley's Chapel Camp

Ground

Cloninger's Farm..

Claremont

Bynum

Farrington

Goldston

Siler City

Murphy

Andrews. -.

Edenton

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.
Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.
Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss White
Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.
Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.
Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.
Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mr.s. Cunningham.

Miss Ward, Mrs. Cunningham.

Miss Ward, Mrs. Cunningham.

Miss Ward, Mrs. Cunningham.

Miss Ward, Mrs. Cunningham.

Miss Ward, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.

Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.

Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hutt.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss MaMer.

Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.

Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

20

The Bulletin.

WOMEN'S INSTITUTES, HI?.

County

Date

Location

Lecturers

niav

July 22
July 23
July 24
Aug. 15
Aug. 23
Jan. 22
Jan. 24
Jan. 25
Jan. 27
Jan. 29
Feb. 1
Feb. 4
Feb. 3
Feb. 10
Feb. 11
Jan. 14
Jan. 15

Ogden

Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.

Elf.

Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.

Hayesville

Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.

Shelby

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.

Casar...

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.

Columbus

Hallsboro

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Chadbourn

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Tabor

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Old Dock

Mrs. Cunningham.

Craven.

Beech Grove S. H

Mrs. Hutt.
Mrs. Hutt.

Dover..

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Cumberland -

Fayette ville.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Stedman

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Wade

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Currituck C. H

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler

Jarvisburg

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Dare

July 19
July 24
July 25
July 26
Aug. 18
Aug. 19
Aug. 8
Aug. 9
Jan. 21
Jan. 22
July 18
Feb. 3
Feb. 5
Feb. 15
Feb. 22
Sept. 11
Sept. 12
Aug. 7
Aug. 11
Aug. 12
Aug. 16
Feb. 15
Feb. 17

Kennedy S. H ...

Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.

Enterprise

Mrs. Hollowelll, Miss Phelps.

,

Wallburg .

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Tyro -

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Davie

Clarksburg

Cedar Springs S. H

Center Church

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.
Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.

Fork Church

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.

Duplin.

Durham -

Edgecombe

Forsyth

Concord S. H

Faison

Redwood S. H

Speed

Whitakers

Macclesfield

Brick School

Test Farm

Tarboro

Rural Hall

Burke's Grove

Clemmons. _

Kernersville

Franklinton

Louisburg

Mapleville

Inglehart...

Sunnyside S. H

Chapel Church

Stanley .

Mrs. Hutt, Mrs. Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Henley.

Mrs. McKimmon.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.

Franklin

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.
Mrs. McKimmon.

Mrs. McKimmon.

Gaston

Aug. 16

Aug. 18
Aug. 20
Jan. 20

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.

i

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.

Gates

Gatesville.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Graham '

Granville

Feb. 13
Feb. 14

Oxford.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Hester.. ...

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Test Farm '

Snow Hill

Mrs. McKimmon.

Jan. 25
July 25
Aug. 18 i
Aug. 19 i
Aug. 20
Sept. 1 1

Mrs. Hutt.

Guilford

Pleasant Garden

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Deep River.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.

Battleground

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.

McLeansburg

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.

Colfax

Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.

The Bulletin.

21

WOMEN'S INSTITUTES, 1913.

County

Halifax-

Harnett...
Haywood-

Henderson-

Hertford.

Hoke.
Hyde

Date

Location

Jackson-

Jan. 25
Feb. 7
Feb. 8
Feb. 12
Aug. 9
Aug. 11
Aug. 5
Aug. 7
Aug. 8
Jan. 21
Jan. 22
Jan. 30
July 21
Dec. 12
Dec. 13
Dec. 14
Dec. 16
Mar.
13-14

Iredell -J July 28

Aug. 16
Aug. 21
Aug. 22
July 28
I July 29

Johnston ! Jan. 13

Jan. 14
Jan. 15
Mar. 28
Jan. 27
Feb. 6
Aug.
Jan.
Feb.
Aug. 21
Aug. 22
Aug. 25
July 30
July 31
Aug. 1
Aug. 2
Aug. 13
Aug. 14
Jan. 31
Feb. 1
Aug. 12
Aug. 15
July 29
July 31
Aug. 1
Aug. 19
Sept. 6
Aug. 7
Aug. 11
Aug. 9
Aug. 11
July 18
July 19

Jones.

Lee

Lenoir.

Lincoln.

6

24

3

Macon-

Madison.

Martin.

McDowell.

Mecklenburg.

Mitchell.

Montgomery.

Moore.

Scotland Neck_

Weldon _._

Littleton

Dunn.. ___

Bethel

Rock Hill

Green River

Mills River

Liberty S. H...

Winton -.-

Murfreesboro---

Ahoskie

Raeford

Swan Quarter..
Lake Landing-.

Fairfield

Sladesville

Sladesville

Mooresville

Iredell Test Farm.
Cool Springs

Eupeptic Springs--.

Quallatown --

CuUowhee

Woodward S. H...

j Selma

Benson

Smithfield

PoUocksville

I Trenton

Sanford

La Grange

Kinston

! Iron Station

Reepsville

Triangle

Higdonville--

Maxwell's S. H —

Franklin

Otto-
Mars HiU.
Marshall.
Robersonville.
Oak City.
Marion-
Old Fort.
Huntersville-
Arlington-
Rhyne-
Dixie
Charlotte-
Spruce Pine-
Bakersville-
Star-

Mt. Gilead-
Cameron— -
Aberdeen--.

Lecturers

Mrs Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.

Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.

Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.

Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.

Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.

Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.

Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Miss Mahler.
Miss Hudgins, Miss Crapenter.
Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Orr.
Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.
Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.
Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.
Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.
Mrs. McKimmon, Miss Mahler.
Mrs. Hutt.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.
Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.
Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.
Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.
Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.
Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.
Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.
Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.
Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.
Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.
Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.
Mrs. Orr.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.
Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.
Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.
Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.
Mrs. Whitted, Miss White.
Mrs. Whitted, Miss White.

22

The Bulletin.

WOMEN'S INSTITUTES, 1913.

Lecturers

Nash

New Hanover.
Northampton.

Onslow.

Orange

Pamlico

Pasquotank-

"Pender

Perquimans-

Person

Pitt

Polk

Randolph.

Richmond-
Robeson...

Rockingham-
Rowan

Rutherford.
Sampson —

Scotland
Stanly ---

Stokes--.

Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Feb.
Feb. 18
Sept. 11
Jan. 20
Jan. 23
Jan. 24
Feb. 6
Jan. 28
Feb. 5
July 18
Jan. 30
Jan. 16
Jan. 18
Jan. 21
Feb. 5
Jan. 13
July 19
Dec. 9
Feb. 7
Feb. 8
Feb. 10
Aug. 4
July 23
Aug. 20
Aug. 21
Aug. 22
Aug. 23
July 22
July 23
Jan. 13
Jan. 14
Jan. 16
Jan. 18
Jan. 23
July 23
Aug. 15
July 26
Aug. 2
Aug. 15
Aug. 16
Aug. 25
Aug. 13
Aug. 14
Jan. 20
Feb. 6
Feb. 7
Feb. 13
Feb. 14
Jan. 15
Aug. 12
Aug. 13
Aug. 14
Aug. 13
Aug. 14

West End-

Carthage-

Glendon-

Elise-

Nashville-

Stanhope S. H.-

Stanhope S. H

Wrightsboro

Lasker

Rich Square -

Seaboard-

Harris S. H

Richlands

Efland

Bayboro

Elizabeth City

Salem

Burgaw

Atkinson

Hertford

Roxboro

Farmville

Grifton

Greenville

Grimesland

Columbus

Liberty

Farmer

Mt. Olivet Academy-
Park's X Roads -

Sophia

Hoffman

Rockingham

Lumber Bridge

Red Springs

Lumberton

St. Paul

Fairmont---

Ruffin

Gold Hill

Mt. Ulla

China Grove -—

Liberty S. H

Rockwell

Woodleaf

Rutherfordton

EUenboro

Clinton.-

Garland

Salemburg

Newton Grove

Spring Branch

John's Station

Big Lick

Endy S. H..

Richfield

Walnut Cove

Danbury

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Mrs. HoUowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Henley.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hutt.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hutt.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. Whitted, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. HoUowell, Miss Ward.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Carpenter.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Miss Hudgins, Miss Capps.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.

The Bulletin.

23

WOMEN'S INSTITUTES, 1913.

County

Surry.

Swain

Transylvania-
Tyrrell

Union

Date

VsLur

Wake _..

Warren

Washington.

Watauga.

Aug. 2
Aug. i
Aug. 5
Aug. 6
Sept. 29
July 26
Aug. 6
Dec. 18
July 26
July 28
July 29
July 30
Feb. 11
Feb. 12
Sept. 9
Feb. 19

Location

Wayne.

Wilkes.

Wilson.

Yadkin.

Yancey.

Feb.

10

Dec.

10

Dec.

17

Dec.

19

Sept.

19

Sept.

20

Jan.

15

Jan.

16

Jan.

17

Jan.

18

Jan.

23

July

28

July

29

July

30

Sept.

27

Feb.

15

Feb.

17

July

31

Aug.

1

Aug.

8

Aug.

9

Copeland

Pilot Mountain-.

Westfield

Antioch Church-

Piney Grove

Bryson City

Selica

Columbia

Wingate

Waxhaw

Prospect —

Indian Trail

Middleburg

Bear Pond

Henderson

Zebulon

Warrenton

Plymouth

Mackey's Ferry.

Creswell

Valle Crucis

Boone

Hood Swamp-. -
Salem Church...
Falling Creek...
Smith's Chapel-
Seven Springs--.

Beaver Creek

Wilkesboro

Ronda- --.

Trap Hill-

Stantonsburg...

Lucama

Yadkinville

Booneville

Burnsville

Bald Creek

Lecturers

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Ward.

Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.

Miss Parker, Miss Mahler.

Miss Mahler, Mrs. Whitted.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss White.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Mahler.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Mrs. McKimmon, Mrs. Cunningham.

Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.

Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Miss Webb, Mrs. Slagle.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Ward.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. Hollowell, Miss Phelps.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.

Mrs. Hutt, Miss Clement.

LECTURERS AND SUBJECTS.

Name

•43-0

Subjects

Capps, Miss Elizabeth.

Cabpenter, Miss Nora
Clement, Miss Linda...
Cunningham, Mrs. J. S.

Bread Making.

Lunches.

Household Conveniences.

Bread Making.

Pin Money on the Farm.

School Lunches.

Bread Making.

Bread Making.

Household Conveniences.

24

The Bulletin.

LECTURERS AND SUBJECTS.

Name

Henley, Mrs. J. M..

HoLLOWELL, Mrs. W. R..

HuDGiNS, Miss Carrie.

HuTT, Mrs. W. N.

Mahler, Miss Louise.

McKiMMON, Mrs. Jane

Parker, Miss Katharine..
Phelps, Miss Caroline B..

Slagle, Mrs. Henry

Ward, Miss Jane E..

Webb, Miss Lucie

ST3

55

32

64

66

42
15
16
13
43
13

White, Miss Jessie 17

Whitted, Mrs. J. M..

26

Subjecta

Bread Making.

Household Conveniences.

The Home Garden.

Care of Infants.

Value of Foods.

Bread Making.

The Country Woman and Her Relation to

Home and Community.
The Country Home.
Child Training.
Canning.
Home Nursing.
Influence of Foods.
Care of Infants.

What to Do till the Doctor Comes.
Kitchen Conveniences.
Biscuit Demonstration.
Bread Making.
Breads and Bread Making.
Health Talks.
Breads and Bread Making.
Health Hints.
Household Conveniences.
Care of the Sick.
Home Conveniences.
Country Women's Organizations.
Home Care of the Sick.
Bread Making.
Fireless Cooker.
Bread Making.
Care of the Sick.
Fireless Cooker.
Bread Making.
Poultry Raising.
Care of Infants.
Bread Making.

County and Local Women's Organizations.

The plan of organization of the "Women's Institutes is the same aa
for men. An active, interested woman is selected for chairman and she
is given the best committee that can be selected to assist her. Tlie
chairman and other members of the committee are expected to work up
interest in Women's institutes and endeavor to get the cooperation of
all the progressive farm women of the community in securing attend-
ance at the institutes. They are also expected to have committee meet-
ings during the year to discuss among themselves questions pertaining
to their work. They should invite the women of the community to join
them at these committee meetings and take part in the discussions.

The Bulletin.

25

LIST OF CHAIRMEN OF WOMEN'S INSTITUTE COMMITTEES.

County

Alamance:

Oakdale

Maywood

Hawfields

Alexander

Alleghany

Scottsville

Anson

Peachland

Ashe -

Grassy Creek

Bertie

Windsor --

Bladen

Brunswick

Cool Run --

Supply --- -

Winnabow— -

Buncombe:

Democrat --

Swannanoa Test Farm...

Cabarrus

Harrisburg

Caldwell:

Granite Falls

Oak Hill ----

Camden

Caswell

Leasburg

Carteret

Catawba:

Terrell --.

Conover

Claremont—

Wesley's Chapel

Fairview S. H

Chatham

Farrington

Goldston

Siler City

Cherokee

Muiphy

Clay

Ogden

Elf

Cleveland--

Columbus

Craven

Cumberland

Stedman-

Currituck

Jarvisburg

Davidson:

Clarksbury

Cedar Springs

, Enterprise -

Wallburg

Tyro..- -

Kennedy School House-

Chairman of Committee

Postoffice

Liberty.

Burlington.

Haw River.

Liledoun.

Sparta.

Scottsville.

Wadesboro.

Peachland.

JefTerson.

Grassy Creek.

Coleraine.

Windsor.

Dublin.

Mill Branch.

Shallotte.

Supply.

Winnabow.

Miss Bert Roberts- Democrat.

Mrs. R. W. CoUett Swannanoa.

Mrs. D. B. Parrish --- Concord.

Mrs. W. D. Harris - 1 Harrisburg.

Mrs. J. M. Yount _-- Granite Falls.

Miss Littie Deal -- Lenoir.

Mrs. H. C. Ferebee ' Camden.

Mrs. J. A. Hornaday--
Miss Mary McCulloch-

Mrs. R. W. Scott -

Mrs. W. J. Reece

Mrs. T. J. Carson

Mrs. E. K. Plummer-.

Mrs. J. G. Boylin

Mrs. M. Ij. Home

Mrs. C. H. Smithdeal.

Mrs. Ed. (Jreer

Miss Clara Pigg

Mrs. W. E. Copeland--
Mrs. W. F. McNeill.--

Mrs. Q. K. Mintz

Mrs. T. Mintz

Mrs. C. W. Kirby

Mrs. Jack Johnson

Miss Margaret Page-
Miss Mattie Pullian.
Mrs. H. I. Pridgen--

Yanceyville.
Leasburg.

Newport.

Mrs. T. F. Connor -- Terrell.

Mrs. J. A. Yount Conover.

Mrs. H. S. Arndt i Claremont.

Mrs. Gordon Wilfong 1 Newton.

Mrs. John Smith ---

Miss Bonnie Cole-

Mrs. J. R. Matthews

Miss Mollie Goldston

Mrs. D. L. Webster

Mrs. Geo. Walker.--

Mrs. J. T. Hayes

Mrs. Claud Sanderson--

Mrs. R. L. Johnston

Miss Mary Ray

Mrs. Elam

Mrs. J. A. Formyduval-

Mrs. B. P. Whitford

Mrs. M. Maxwell

Mrs. Bessie Butler

Mrs. H. E. Morrisette--.
Mrs. H. D. Newbern

Mrs. Carrie Clodfelter-

Mrs. J. R. Crouse

Mrs. M. E. Mock

Mrs. C. M. Wall _-.

Mrs. Mary Wilson

Mrs. B. E. Paine

Hickory.

Riggsbee.

New Hill.

Goldston.

Siler City.

Andrews.

Tomotla.

Hayesville.

Brasstown.

Hayesville.

Cleveland Mills.

Old Dock.

Askin.

Fayetteville.

Stedman.

Currituck.

Powells Point.

Lexington.

Cid.

Enterprise.

Wallburg.

Linwood.

Thomasville.

26

The Bulletin.

LIST OF CHAIRMEN OF WOMEN'S INSTITUTES.

County

Chairman of Committee

Postoffice

Davie:

Center Church

Fork Church

Duplin

Durham _

Edgecombe

Whitakers

Forsyth :

Clemmons-.

Burke's Grove

Franklin

Gaston:

Sunnyside S. H...

Chapel Church

Gates

Guilford:

Colfax

Pleasant Garden..
Halifax

Littleton

Haywood:

Bethel

RockHiU...

Henderson:

Green River S. H.

Mills River

Liberty S. H

Hertford

Murfreesboro

Hoke.

Hyde

Fairfield..

Iredell

Cool Springs

Eupeptic Springs.
Jackson

Quallatown

Johnston

Jones.

Trenton

Lee

Lenoir

Lincoln:

Iron Station

Reepsville

McDowell

Old Fort

Macon:

Higdonville..

Maxwell's S. H....

Otto

Madison:

Mars Hill

Marshall

Martin

Oak City

Mrs. W. H. Griffin

Mrs. Jos. Brimgar

Mrs. I. L. Faison

Mrs. Ike Suits

Mrs. B. F. Shelton....
Mrs. L. L. Draughon.

Mrs. T. W. Griffith....
Mrs. H. VV. Johnson..
Mrs. J. B. Fulghum...

Mocksville.

Mocksville.

Faison.

Durham.

Speed.

Whitakers.

Clemmons.

Winston-Salem.
Louisburg.

Mrs. J. T. Gates i Bessemer City.

Mrs. Peter Rhyne Gastonia.

Mrs. R. W. Simpson.

Trotville.

Mrs. Henry Cude Colfax.

Mrs. S. L. Foust--.
Mrs. G. W. Bryan..
Mrs. J. W. Rhodes-
Mrs. J. E. Wilson..
Mrs. Jas. Boyd

Pleasant Garden.
Scotland Neck.
Littleton.

Canton.
Waynesville.

Mrs.
Mrs.
Miss
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Miss
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Miss
Miss
Mrs.

P. J. Hart : Zirconia.

Tom Osborne Horse Shoe.

Willie Brown i Hendersonville;

S. B. Taylor Winton.

J. D. Bruner Murfreesboro.

T. B. Upchurch i Raeford.

S. D. Mann ' Swan Quarter.

J. C. Watson Fairfield.

W. L. Cook Mooresville.

Mabel Swann ' Elmwood.

R. L. Alexander Harmony.

A. C. Reynolds... Cullowhee.

P. H. Ferguson Whittier.

J. L. Boyette Kenly.

Geo. White PollocksviUe.

Bessie Whitaker... I Trenton.

Mamie Carter Glendon.

Mary D. Pitte LaGrange.

Mrs. S. N. Brown- -

Mrs. L. S. Kiser

Mrs. J. E. Jimeson.

Iron Station.
Reepsville.
Garden City.
Mrs. Chas. Burgin j Old Fort.

Mrs. S. E. Gray ^ Higdonville.

Mrs. Henry Slagle | Franklin.

Mrs. D. P. Cabe Otto.

I

Mrs. R. L. Runion Mars Hill.

Miss OUie Hendricks Marshall.

Mrs. W. T. Taylor Robersonville.

Mrs. Justus Everett ' Palmyra.

The Bulletin.

27

LIST OF CHAIRMEN OF WOMEN'S INSTITUTES.

County

Chairman of Committee

Postoffice

Mecklenburg:

Huntersville '\ Mrs.

Paw Creek Mrs.

Dixie Mrs.

Mitchell Mrs.

Montgomery:

Star Mrs.

Mt. Gilead Mrs.

Moore:

West End Miss

Carthage.. Mrs.

Hemp Mrs.

Cameron Mrs.

Aberdeen Mrs.

Nash Mrs.

Stanhope H. S Mrs.

New Hanover Mrs.

Northampton Mrs.

Lasker I Mrs.

Seaboard Mrs.

Onslow Mrs.

Harris S. H Mrs.

Orange _.. Mrs.

Pasquotank i Mrs.

Salem i Mrs.

Pender Mrs.

Person i Mrs.

Pitt Mrs.

Polk Mrs.

Randolph:

Liberty Miss

Farmer Mrs.

Mt. Olivet.. Mrs.

Parks Cross Roads Mrs.

Sophia I Mrs.

Richmond Mrs.

Hoffman Mrs.

Robeson Mrs.

Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.

Hattie Bradford.

Felix Beatty

Ferrie Pegram

M. J. Bowditch-.

Jonah Leech

J. P. Haywood.

Mary ^'on Canon

Spence Kelley

N. J. Carter...

M. McL. McKeithan.

Henry Page

J. T. Strickland

W. A. Harper..

E. I. Herring

J. W. Jessup

T. G. Whims

M. R. Stevenson

C. B. Basden -

H. B. Williams

Carl Forest..

R. N. Morgan..

S. J. Parsons

E. McW. Moore.

C. M. Winstead

J. R. Quinerly

L. H. Cloud

Hallsboro

Fairmont

Rockingham

Rowan:

Mt. Ulla Miss

China Grove Mrs.

Liberty S. H Miss

Rockwell Mrs.

Woodleaf Mrs.

Rutherford Mrs.

Ellenboro Miss

Sampson Mrs.

Garland _.■ Mrs.

Salemburg Mrs.

Newton Grove ' Miss

Scotland Mrs.

Stanly.. ! Miss

. Big Lick I Miss

Endy S. H ' Miss

Ida Williams

Frances Hubbard.

J. E. Sugg

J. A. ElUs

L. B. Cole

Hattie EUerbe

N. C. Scarboro

D. Y. McGoogan..

Lucy Brown

D. W. Galloway...
C. J. Wariner

Nannie Hart...
H. E. Endy-...
Daisy Morgan.

W. J. Cline

C. H. Gillian...
L. E. Rollins...

Ida Green

S. H. Hobba...
W. B. Lamb....

W. J. Jones

Bessie Cox

J. T. John

Irma Richie

Eva Whitley...
Letha Treece...

Huntersville.
Paw Creek.
Charlotte.
Toecane.

Star.

Mt. Gilead.

West End.

Carthage.

Hemp.

Cameron.

Aberdeen.

Nashville.

Spring Hope.

Wilmington.

Rich Square.

Lasker.

Seaboard.

Richlands.

Jacksonville.

Efland.

Elizabeth City.

Weeks ville.

Burgaw.

Roxboro.

Grifton.

Columbus.

Liberty.

Farmer.

Erect.

Ramseur.

Sophia.

Rockingham.

Hoffman.

Lumber Bridge.

Hallsboro.

Fairmont.

Ruffin.

Mooresville.
China Grove.
Gold HiU.
Gold Hill.
Woodleaf.
Rutherfordton.
Ellenboro.
Clinton.
Ingold.
Salemburg.
Newton Grove.
John Station.
Richfield.
Mt. Pleasant.
Big Lick.

28

The Bulletin.

LIST OF CHAIRMEN OF WOMEN'S INSTITUTES.

County

Chairman of Committee

Surry:

Copeland Mrs.

Pilot Mountain ! Mrs.

Westfield ■ Miss

Antioch Church '• Mrs.

Piney Grove j Mrs.

Swain—- 1 Mrs.

Transylvania - 1 Mrs.

Union: i

Wingate Mrs.

Waxhaw Miss

Prospect Mrs.

Indian Trail -, Mrs.

Vance 1 Miss

Wake ] Mrs.

Warren I Mrs.

Washington Mrs.

Aurora - Mrs.

Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.

J. W. Hancock

R. E. Flippen

Effie A. Hill

J. \V. Johnson

J. L. Jackson

F. H. Smiley

C. C. Duckworth.

Watauga - -

Boone

Wayne.-

Falling Creek...
Smith's Chapel-

Wilkes

Beaver Creek

Ronda

Traphill

Wilson. --

Yadkin.

Booneville

Yancey

J. R. Brown

Tillman

M. S. Yarborough.
H. W. Abornathy..

Mary Burwell

John Brougbton...

F. P. Bowden

T. A. Brooks

B. T. Bonner

W. E. Shipley

R. M. Green

M. A. Howell

E. A. Stevens

Joe Parker

Thos. Andrews

Chas. Hartley

J. I. Dimmette

Nancy Spicer

W. J. Sloan...

W. H. Hall

A. S. Speer.

W. J. Waycaster...

PostofEce

Rockford.
Pilot Mountian.
Mt. Airy.
Mt. Airy.
Mt. Airy;
Bryson City.
Brevard.

Wingate.

Waxhaw.

Monroe.

Matthews.

Kittrell.

Zebulon.

Manson.

Bath.

Aurora.

Valle Crucis.

Boone.

Goldsboro.

Goldsboro.

Mt. Olive.

Wilkesboro.

Kendall.

Dimmette.

Traphill.

Stantonsburg.

Yadkinville.

Booneville.

Bald Creek.

The Bulletin. 29

PROGRAM FOR NORMAL INSTITUTE

July 15, 16 and 17, 1913

Tuesday Morning.
9:30. Called to order by Director T. B. Parker.

Men's Meeting.

9:30. A Short Description of the Soil Types of the State — J. L. Burgess,
M. E. Sherwin.

10:15. How Deep Should Land be Broken for Corn and Cotton — C. R. Hud-
son, C. L. Newman. Discussion.

11:00. How Early Should Corn and Cotton be Planted?— C. B. Williams, T.
B. Parker. Discussion.

11:45. What is the Best Distance to Sow Rows of Corn and What is the
Best Spacing in Rows? — G. M. Garren. Discussion.

12:30. What is the Best Distance to Have Rows of Cotton and What is the
Best Spacing in Rows? — T. D. McLean. Discussion.
Adjourn until 2:00 p. m.

Tuesday Afternoon.

2:00. How Deep Should Corn and Cotton be Cultivated?— T. E. Browne.

Discussion.
2:45. How Often and How Long Should Corn and Cotton be Cultivated? —

J. L. Burgess. Discussion.
3:30. What Should be the Method of Cultivation of Corn and Cotton after

a Wet Spell? Round Table. Discussion.
4:00. Does it Pay to Make the Second and Third Application of Fertilizer

to Corn and Cotton? If so, When?— B. W. Kilgore. Discussion.
4:45. What is the Most Economical Method of Harvesting Corn? — C. L.

Newman. Discussion.
5:15. When and How Should Stable Manure be Applied?— Round Table.

Wednesday Morning, July* 16.

9:00. When Should Land be Broken for Wheat and Other Small Grains?—

M. J. Hendricks. Discussion.
9:30. What are the Best Varieties of Small Grain for this State and Where
should we Obtain Them? — J. L. Burgess. Discussion.

10:00. When and How to Sow Crimson Clover, Vetch and Rye in Growing
Crops for Winter Cover Crops— T. D. McLean. Discussion.

10:45. At What Stage in Growth Should These Crops be Plowed Under for
Best Results? And Does Plowing Under Green Crops in Hot
Weather Sour Land?— J. L. Burgess, C. B. Williams. Discus-
sion.

11:30. How Cheaply can Pork be Grown and What Crops Should be Planted
for Economical Pork Production? — D. T. Gray. Discussion.

12:15. When Should Grasses be Cut for Dairy Cattle and When for Work
Stock to Obtain Best Feeding Value?— R. S. Curtis. Discussion.

Wednesday Afternoon, July 16.

2:00. What is the Best Method of Saving Peavine and Soy Bean Hay?

Round rable. Discussion.
2:30. Is Silage a Safe and Economical Feed for Horses and How Many

Horses will Justify a Silo?— J. C. McNutt. Discussion.

30 The Bulletin.

3:00. The Sweet Potato: How to Grow and Harvest. Round Table.
3:30. Poultry on the Farm. What Breeds?— E. L. Green. Discussion.
4:00. Construction of a Mangum Terrace and When Advisable — C. L. New-
man.
4:30. Fruit on the Farm. A Good Selection — J. C. Pillsbury.
5:00. The Kitchen Vegetable Garden — Detjen.

Thursday Morning, July 17.

9:00. Farm Management — J. M. Johnson.
10:00. Cooperation: Different Forms and When Advisable — C. H. Poe, J. L.

Rives. Discussion.
10:45. Dairying and Dairy Cattle — A. J. Reed, John Robinson.
11:30. The Silo and Its Use — W. H. Eaton.
12:00. General Instruction to Lecturers — T. B. Parker.

WOMEN'S NORMAL INSTITUTE.

July 15, 16, 17, 1913.
Program— 9:30 A. M.

The Qualifications of a Successful Institute Worker — Mrs. Henrietta W.

Calvin.
The Country Woman and Her Relation to the Home and the Community —

Mrs. W. R. Hollowell.
The Needs of the Country Woman — Round Table Discussion.
Lessons in Bread Making — Mrs. Chas. McKimmon.
Household Conveniences — Miss Caroline Phelps.
Demonstration, the Fireless Cooker — Mrs. H. W. Calvin.
Time-Saving Appliances — Miss Jessie White.
Demonstration, Biscuit Making — Miss Louise Mahler.
Economies in Cooking — Mrs. J. M. Whitted.
Demonstrtaion, Coffee Making— Miss Phelps.

Training B^armers' Daughters to be Farmers' Wives — Mrs. R. W. Orr.
The Relation of Parents to the Public Schools — Miss Linda Clement.
The Care and Training of Children — Miss Carrie Hudgins.
The Care of Infants— Mrs. W. R. Hollowell.
The Moral Training of Our Children — Mrs. R. W. Orr.
Physical and Moral Training of Children— Miss Linda Clements.
Rural Life as We Should Make it — Miss Jessie White.
Training the Child of Today for the Man or Woman of Tomorrow — Mrs. R.

W. Orr.
Home Sanitation — Miss Katharine Parker.
Health on the Farm — Miss Linda Clement.
Subject to be Supplied — Miss Carpenter.
Subject to be Supplied — Miss Catps.
Judging Bread — Mrs. Calvin.
Judging School Lunches — Mrs. Calvin.
Women's Farm Life Convention— Mrs. Charles McKimmon, Chairman, Raleigh.

PROGRAM

OF THE

ELEVENTH ANNUAL

STATE FARMERS' CONVENTION

AND

ROUND-UP INSTITUTE

PULLEN HALL

A. & M. College, West Raleigh, N. C.

August 26, 27 and 28

1913

OFFICERS.

President— S. H. HOBBS, Clinton.
Secretary— T. E. Bl^OWNE, West Raleigh.

The Bulletin. 33

PROGRAM.

Tuesday, August 26. — Soil Day.

10:30 A. M. — Greetings — President D. H. Hill and Commissioner W. A.

Graham.
Soil A^ork in the State — By Director B. W. Kilgore, Raleigh,

N. C.
Do Soils Wear Out?— Prof. C. L. Newman, A. & M. College.
How I am Saving Labor by Tillage Implements — W. D. Bose-

man, Rocky Mount, N. C.
Results of Late Applications of Commercial Fertilizers— By

C. B. Williams, North Carolina Experiment Station.
Dinner.

2 P. M. — Address — C. W. Spruill, President of the Convention.

2:30 P. M. — Demonstration of Constructing the Mangum Terrace — Byr P. H.
Mangum, Wake Forest, N. C.

3 P. M. — Demonstration in Laying Out, Digging and Placing of Farm

Tile — H. M. Lynde, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and
Prof. M. E. Sherwin, A. & M. College.
7:30 P. M. — Essential Principles of Cooperation — Dean H. C. Price, State
University, Columbus, Ohio.

Marketing Cotton — By C. J. Brand, U. S. Department of Agri-
culture.

Cooperation in Marketing Fruit Crops — By J. F. Fooshe,
Progressive Farmer, Raleigh, N. C.

Cooperation in Live Stock and in Dairy Products — By A. O.
Nelson, Svea, Minn.

Wednesday, August 27. — Live Stock Day.

5 A. M. — Trip over College and Station Farms.
7:45 A. M.— Judging Farm Mules— By Prof. J. C. McNutt, A. & M. College.
8:15 A. M. — Judging Draft Horses — By Schuyler Salisbury, A. & M. College.
8:45 A. M. — Judging Hogs — By Dan T. Gray, N. C. Experiment Station.
9:30 A. M.— Silage for Beef Cattle— By W. F. Ward, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
10:15 A. M. — Development of a Profitable Dairy Herd — By Alvin J. Reed,
U. S. Department of Agriculture.
11 A. M. — Southern Markets for Beef Cattle and Sheep— By R. S. Curtis,
N. C. Experiment Station.
11:45 A. M. — Demonstration of Methods of Injecting Hog Cholera Serum—

By Dr. B. B. Flowe, State Department of Agriculture.
12:30 P. M. — Demonstration in the Recognition of Tuberculosis in Cattle —
By Dr. G. A. Roberts, A. & M. College.
Dinner.
2 P. M. — Public Sale of Berkshires, Poland Chinas and Duroc-Jerseys,
held under the management of the North Carolina Swine
Breeders' Association.
7:30 P. M.— A Message from the Sand Hills — By Hon. Henry A. Page, Aber-
deen, N. C.
8:30 P. M. — Address — By Hon. A. F. Lever, Chairman Committee on Agri-
culture, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

34 The Bulletin.

Thursday, August 28.

7:30 A. M. — Practical Demonstration of the Principal Stages in the Pro-
duction of Peaches and Apples:

1. Methods of "Laying Off" the Orchard Mr. Detjen

2. Planting the Tree, and Its First Pruning. .. .Mr. Stoddard

3. Training the Tree Prof. Pillsbuey

4. Methods of Cultivation and Implements Prof. Hutt

5. "Worming" the Trees Mr. Shufobd

6. Preparation of Bordeaux Mixture Prof. Fulton

7. Preparation of Lime-Sulphur Solutions Prof. Sherman

8. Spraying the Trees Messrs. Hill and Klein

9. Picking and Packing the Fruit Mr. Shaw

9:30 A. M. — This Farm Pays: That One Does Not. Why?— By J. M.

Johnson, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
10:15 A. M. — How to Prevent Cottonseed Meal from Poisoning Hogs — By
Prof. W. A. Withers, A. & M. College.
11 A. M. — Business Meeting.

Election of Officers.
Reports of Committees.

PROGRAM HOUSEWIVES' CONVENTION.

At Raleigh High School Building.

Mrs. Charles McKimmon, Chairman.
Miss Jane Ward, Secretary.

The Housewives' Convention is designed to bring housekeepers together
for discussion of better methods of living; how best to make the household
expenditures, how to market, to cook, to sew, to care for children, and to im-
prove home conditions generally.

Every woman in North Carolina is invited to come, and Dr. Hill, Presi-
dent of the A. and M. College, offers the College Dormitories free to any
one wishing to come.

If this offer is to be taken advantage of, sheets, towels and pillow cases
should be brought. Meals may be secured at the College at twenty-five cents
each.

Tuesday, August 26. — 10 A. M. to 2 P. M.

Address of Welcome Maj. W. A. Graham

(Commissioner of Agriculture.)

The Object of the Convention Mrs. McKimmon, Chairman

The Power of the Organized Housewife Mrs. Julian Heath

(Of N. Y., Founder Housewives League of America.)
Talk on Appetizing Ways of Cooking Meats, with a Demonstration —

Miss Emily G. Bossong (of New York)
I'alk on Kitchen and Household Conveniences.
Demonstration Fireless Cooker.
Discussion.

Wednesday, August 27.— 10 A. M. to 2 P. M.

Talk T. B. Parker

(Director Farmers Institutes.)
Lesson in Bread Making. Anyone invited to join. Please bring

Apron and Dish Towel Mrs. McKimmon

Talk on Batter Breads, with Demonstration in Making Queen of

Muffins Miss BossoNG

The Forgotten Market Basket Mrs. Julian Heath

How I Made My Crop Tomato Club Girl

Demonstration of Canning in Tin for the Market —

Alamance County Team of Tomato Club Girls
Talk on Soups, with Demonstration Miss Bossong

The Bulletin. 35

Thursday, August 28. — 10 A. M. to 2 P. M.

Lessons in Bread Making Mrs. McKimmon

Talk D. H. Hill

(President A. & M. College.)

Talk on Salads, with Demonstration Miss Bossong

Cooperation of Women from Town and Country Mrs. Heath

The Care of the Child Raleigh Physician

Fireless Cooker Demonstration.
Discussion.

Some Tliintis I Have Found Helpful in My Own Home.

MRS. HENRY 8LAGLE.

As the demands of life are much the same with all of us, necessarily our
needs are much the same. I have been a home-keeper for more than twenty-
five years and have made it a close study, trying to find the best and easiest
way of doing things, and I have much to learn yet. I am always glad to
get any new ideas or suggestions from my coworkers, so I will tell first of
the arrangement of my kitchen. As I got some of my best ideas from
some of our institute workers, I would like to pass them on; someone else
might be as glad to get them as I was.

My kitchen is small, 12 by 15 feet. I like to get things as near together as
possible. On the west side I have a door with water running right to it.
Just outside I have a sink to carry off the waste water. There are two large
windows right together which give plenty of light for my range that sits right
under them. It is a Queen Kalamazoo range and it cost only $36.67 deliv-
ered at Franklin. A cousin bought a range very much like mine from an
agent, and she gave $75 for hers. We farmer folks do give lots of our money
to traveling agents. In this case she gave a little more than twice as much
for her stove, and it was not any better than mine. Above the two windows
I have an air-shaft as near the overhead ceiling as possible, 25 inches long
and 6 inches wide, for an escape for hot air and smoke and fumes. I like it
very much, for so often something boils over or something drops on the stove
when it is hot and the whole house is filled with smoke; but this opening
carries it all off. In the heat of summer the air never gets stuffy. I made
a shutter to close in very cold weather, with hinges put on so the door will
drop down; then I can close it with a broom handle or a stick of stove wood.
I put a piece of wire screen on the outside to keep flies out. Behind my
range I have a space three feet between it and the dining room, and on this
wall I have a drop shelf fastened to the wall with strap hinges and a strong
brace in the middle fastened to the shelf with another strap hinge. The shelf
just drops down against the wall and is entirely out of the way until I want
to use it, when I lift it up and set the brace on a little block of wood which
has been nailed on the wall to support it. This I find very convenient for
raising lightbread and for many other purposes. The dining-room door has
swinging hinges, so in going to and from the dining-room with both hands
full all I have to do is to walk against the door and it will swing open either
way.

I also have a large deep cupboard built in the corner right behind where
this door opens and just opposite my range. In making one of these get a
good workman and then it will always be satisfactory. It is not always the
things we get for the least money that prove to be most economical. I got
a good carpenter and he made the frame or face of this cupboard of oak that
would take a nice finish. He put in a set of slides 3 feet and 3 inches above
the floor for two nice deep drawers. One of these I use for all my kitchen
trinkets, such as spoons, egg-beaters, broilers, etc., and the other for a meat
drawer. I can put a whole ham in it and my meat for seasoning. Nice brass
rings for the drawers cost 20 cents. Below the drawers are two doors open-
ing into the lower part where I keep all my pots, pans, muffin rings, etc., and

36 The Bulletin.

above are two much longer doors, opening into a number of shelves, where
I keep various things, dishes for taking up meals, tea, coffee, spices, starch,
soap, and a great many other things, so that I don't have anything hanging
on the walls except dish pans; everything is away from dust and flies. Just
to the left of this and right up against it is a rather large table on castors
that I can move into the middle of the room or before the door to work when
it is hot. This table also contains a large drawer for kitchen towels. There
is also the meal chest, containing three apartments, each having a separate
lid. It stands just 31 inches high. I had it made to suit my height for
kneading bread. The chest itself is 15 inches above the floor, the end pieces
being cut out of broad plank and shaped to serve as legs.

Then the fireless cooker, last but by no means the least, is a luxury. After
using one we don't want to do without it; it is so helpful, convenient, and
such a comfort. When you want to go to church or anywhere in the morn-
ing, just put your dinner in the cooker and there is no danger of its burning,
no fires to keep up, and when you get home you have a hot dinner ready to
serve. I don't think there is any other way of cooking meats to make them
eo good. Your roast beef, mutton chops, broiled chicken or anything else is
better cooked in the fireless cooker than in any other way.

A sink in the kitchen saves so many steps even if there is no running
water in the house; it will save time and opening doors when it is cold.
There are many other little conveniences and ways of making work easier
that every woman might have if she would study her situation and make the
most of her opportunities. She should be an equal partner with her hus-
band in sharing things, good or bad, and if they are able to have improve-
ments on the farm they ought to have them in the house too.

Another important thing my long experience as a mother and housekeeper
has taught me is the need of being ready for any emergency. Keep all kinds
of medicines and remedies on hand and learn how to use them. We can
train ourselves to be dependent or independent as we will. I have raised
eight children and Providence has been kind, but if I should tell you how
few calls we have had for a doctor you would not believe that I am as great
a friend to them as I am. We have called a physician to visit our children
in only three cases. We have never lost one, and they are all strong and well
now. Of course they have had many little accidents. The worst was with
our second son. He was working in the blacksmith shop and had a piece of
red-hot iron in the tongs, and when he struck it with the hammer it flew out
of the tongs and struck him on the eye, cutting through the lid, and made a
slight cut on the ball one-half inch long, not quite reaching the sight. He
came to the house with his dirty hand over it and said, "Mother, I have
ruined my eye." I looked at it and it did look like it might be ruined sure
enough, with the blood running down on his cheek through the smut and
dirt off of his hand. But I ran to one of my emergency bottles and got a
tablet of bichloride of mercury and put one quart of warm water on it in a
basin. Then I got a large clean cloth and swabbed his eye and face off, and
for fear I had not gotten it entirely clean I made another solution exactly
like the flrst and went over it again. Next I got a bottle of borax water that
I kept for burns and sore throats and wet a good big piece of absorbent cot-
ton and put it on his eye and bound it up. Then I went to the telephone and
called the doctor, and as he had just had a call above our home he said he
would be along in a little while and bring me a dressing. When I told him
what I had done for it, he said I did not need anything else, but I used the
borated vaseline that he brought and in one week the eye was ready for the
bandage to be taken off, and it never did inflame one particle. The time to
save trouble is in the beginning. Always disinfect a hurt, even a small one,
right at first. I like to keep a little bag of sterile cloths for binding up
wounds, and this is the way I sterilize them. Put one bichloride tablet in
one quart of water in a porcelain vessel and then put the cloths in it and boil
them. Then dry in the sun and wrap them up carefully in another cloth
and they are ready for use. When your little boy sticks a rusty nail in his

The Bulletin. 37

foot, put some kind of a disinfectant as quickly as possible into a basin of
water just as hot as the child can stand and have him keep it there fifteen
minutes anyway. If you don't have bichloride of mercury or carbolic acid
or some other good one, put one teaspoonful of copperas into the water; then
take out of the water and dry off and drop turpentine into the place as long
as it will absorb any and bind it up. It will never give you any trouble.
Have your bottle of iodine to paint behind the baby's ear when he takes ear-
ache. A few drops of warm water and glycerine in the ear is good. One-half
teaspoonful of borax to one glass of water used as a gargle in sore throat
always relieves. Add to a five-cent bottle of vaseline one teaspoonful of
powdered borax for a dressing for burns. One teaspoonful of boracic acid
(this is the refined borax) added to one-half pint of water and brought to a
boil (then cooled and bottled) is one of the best eye washes at all. It will re-
lieve any burning or soreness of the eyes. This should always be used in an
infant's eyes at birth and every morning until the child is a few weeks old.
Many make a weak solution of this and swab out the mouth every morning
to prevent thrush.

Note by T. B. Parker.— Bichloride of mercury is a valuable family medi-
cine; it is also a deadly poison and should be treated as such by keeping it
and all other poisons under lock and key where children can not get to them.

Every poison should be labeled as such and have its name in big letters so
you may know just what it is, and kept entirely away from the ordinary
household remedies, so as to prevent mistakes that may cause death.

Within the last year we have heard of several instances of bichloride of
mercury being taken for headache tablets, through mistake, with fatal re-
sults. We can not be too careful about poisons. Great sorrow and affliction
have come to many families on account of carelessness in this respect. Either
lock them up or throw them away where they can do no harm. It will be
well to have posted in a conspicuous place where poisons are kept a notice
like this (written by Dr. Harvey W. Wiley) (which I have copied from the
December number of Good Housekeeping) :

FIRST AID IN POISONING.

Paste this in your medicine chest. Number your poison bottles to corre-
spond to the numbers given here; then you can tell at a glance what anti-
dote to give or take.

1. Arsenic (Fowler's solution, Arse- 1. Give a tablespoonful of mustard

nic Trioxid, Cuprous Arsenite). and salt in a glass of warm

water, or thirty grains of zinc
sulphate, or evacuate the stom-
ach with a pump. Afterward
give one tablespoonful of ferric
hydrate every fifteen minutes,
or same quantity of dialyzed
iron. Apply external heat and
stimulants.

2. AcETANiLiD and Phenacetin 2. Symptoms, cyanosis (blue lips),

(nearly all headache remedies). weak pulse, sweating. Lower

head; apply heat to body; if
stimulants are required, give
whiskey, strychnin, or bella-
donna, and oxygen inhalations.

3. Ammonia or Caustic Potash or 3. Give dilute acid (lemon juice in

Soda. water or vinegar) . Afterward

plenty of milk and eggs or olive
oil.

38

The Bulletin.

4. Bichloride of Mercury.

5. Belladonna or Atbopin.

6. Carbolic Acid (Phenol).

7. Chloral and Chloroform.

8. Cocaine.

9 lODIN.

10. Morphine, Sulphate, Opium, and
Paregoric.

11. Mineral Acids.

12. Phosphorous.

13. Strychnine.

14. Illuminating Gas.

4. Give a tablespoonful of mustard

and salt in a glass of warm
water, or thirty grains of zinc
sulphate. Afterwards milk and
eggs. If in collapse, use heat
and stimulants.

5. Give a tablespoonful of mustard

and salt in warm water. After
vomiting, one-quarter grain of
morphin sulphate. Stimulants
if required.

6. Flour and water; use stomach

pump or give one ounce of
Epsom salts, or two to four
ounces of whiskey or slightly
diluted alcohol. If in collapse,
add heat to body.

7. External heat, keep head low, use

stomach pump or give emetic
of half an ounce of mustard and
salt in warm water. Friction
to body. Hot black coffee.

8. Stimulants: Nitrate of Amyl,

brandy or aromatic spirits of
ammonia. Black coffee, ex-
ternal friction.

9. Starch made into drafts with

cold water. Stomach pump or
tablespoonful of mustard in a
glass of water.

10 Stomach pump or tablespoonful of

mustard and salt or grease in
warm water. Potassium per-
manganate, ten grains in glass
of water. Black coffee. Keep
patient awake. Supply heat. If
stimulation is required, use
atropin or strychnin.

11 Stomach pump, alkalies, as mag-

nesium carbonate or baking
soda, also milk, sweet oil or
eggs. Heat or stimulants, if re-
required.

1.'. Stomach pump, or three grains of
copper sulphate in water every
fifteen minutes until vomiting
is induced, or thirty drops of
oil of turpentine every quarter
hour for four doses. Give
purge. Avoid fats and oils.

13. Stomach pump or a tablespoonful
of mustard and salt in warm
water. Keep patient quiet.
Seven to ten grains of tannic
acid. For convulsions use
chloral or chloroform. Inhale
amyl nitrate.

11. Remove patient to fresh air.
Give oxygen to inhale. Use pul-
motor or some form of artificial
respiration. Supply warmth to
extremities.

The Bulletin, 39

Good Housekeeping ought to do as much as possible to put an end to these
unfortunate fatalities. First of all, segregate all poisonous drugs in the
household, as advised before. Second, study some simple remedies which may-
be applied in case of poisoning by the common poisons until medical attend-
ance can be secured. To this end a page has been prepared of some common
poisons, with a few of their simple antidotes. The readers of Good House-
keeping magazine are requested to cut this page out and paste it plainly in
every closet or cupboard in which deadly drugs are kept. Not only should
each reader do this, but the remedies and antidotes should be clearly kept in
memory.

STOMACH PUMPS AND ANTIDOTES.

As a rule the first thing to do when a poisonous dose has been swallowed
is to empty the stomach. A stomach pump does not cost very much, and its
operation is extremely simple. Every family should be provided with one, or
else make sure that one is easily accessible in the immediate neighborhood.
A stomach pump is to be preferred to the ordinary emetics. It may not, how-
ever, always be possible to secure one. For this reason it is advised that a
few household emetics be kept on hand.

A spoonful of powdered mustard to which a considerable quantity of com-
mon salt has been added, suspended in warm water, makes a very effectual
and reasonably prompt emetic. In fact, emesis as a rule can be easily and
promptly secured by drinking copious drafts of lukewarm water, almost satu-
rated with salt. The mustard, however, renders the emesis still more prompt.
This simple method of producing emesis is to be preferred to the use of sul-
phate of zinc or other mineral emetics. The mineral emetics are, however,
very prompt and are easily kept on hand, zinc sulphate being the one usually
recommended. Epecac can be easily kept and is also efficient. Thus it is
seen that the first step in case of poisoning is to evacuate the stomach, pre-
ferably by mechanical means, otherwise by emetics which are easily kept in
every household.

After this, the proper antidotes are to be administered. It would be a wise
plan for the housekeeper to keep on hand some of these common antidotes.
For instance, arsenic poisoning is very common, and the best antidote for
arsenic poisoning is hydrate of iron, that is, an iron salt precipitated with
ammonia. The efficiency of this remedy, however, largely depends upon its
freshness. It therefore can not be kept ready, and in lieu thereof the house-
keeper should have the simple ingredients for making it. Two bottles, one
holding a solution of ferric sulphate and the other magnesium oxid, suspended
in water, are easily kept, and can be prepared by the druggist of such strength
that, when mixed, the ferric hydrate is completely precipitated. When these
two solutions are mixed together and thoroughly shaken, they are ready at
once for administration in arsenic poisoning, and if promptly used would
save many lives. This mixture of iron hydrate should be given in large doses
and frequently repeated.

Vinegar, which is a splendid antidote for caustic potash and ammonia, is
always available. The best stimulants, as a rule, are whiskey, and, in some
cases, caffein or hot coffee. It is not advisable to keep on hand such stimu-
lants as strychnin or chloral or chloroform, which are themselves poisons.
They can, however, be promptly secured at any neighboring drug store,
though perhaps no more quickly than a physician could be called.

THE NEED FOR CARE.

Families are. of course, not expected to keep in stock apparatus for the
inhaling of oxygen, or to be possessors of a pulmotor. It is the part of wis-
dom, however, for every one to know where such an apparatus can be ob-
tained for these purposes, so that in case of asphyxiation or other paralysis
of the nerves and muscles which control respiration artificial breathing can
be set up. This is particularly true in those numerous cases of poisonings
due to the inhalation of illuminating gas.

40 The Bulletin.

Let every household into which Good Housekeeping goes have all of these
poisons segregated and properly marked. Have the list of poisons and their
simple antidotes pasted in plain view, and know where an oxygen inhaler and
pulmotor can be secured promptly in case of emergency. By these wise pre-
cautions many lives may be saved.

The Country Home.

MISS CARRIE HUDGINS.

The word home carries with it music and melody if it is a home in the
finer sense. Houses on every hand are waiting to be made into homes, and
it is the woman in the home who makes it what it is; so let us be up and
doing.

A casual glance at the home and refinement and cleanliness should be our
first and lasting impression. No work requires more system and order than
the home, to accomplish the desired end; many steps are wasted because no
specific plans are made. Eliminate from the home the useless bric-a-brac of
years ago. They are no good and mean lots of work if they are kept clean,
for they are great dust-catchers.

Floors are one of the greatest problems of housekeeping and rightly so, if
there is a large family to look after and scouring to be done once or twice a
week. Stained floors with a top dressing of floor oil seems to be the cheapest
and most satisfactory floor dressing. A floor oiled once or twice a year will
protect the stain and keep down the dust.

How the whole family dread spring cleaning. Let's try to do this work in
a more systematic way; not have the whole house torn up for a week, and
everything out of its place. A better plan is to clean one room at the time,
and put it in order before attempting another. Carpets should be taken up,
well cleaned and aired before replacing.

In buying furniture care should be taken, for the appearance of the room
and the amount of labor required to keep it in order depend much on the
selection. Plain furniture is much prettier and more easily kept than the
many scrolled designs. The parlor in many homes is the most uncomfort-
able room in it; especially so if it is one of the closed up kind, where fresh
air and sunshine are rarely permitted. Don't be afraid of sunshine and air
even if they do fade the carpet and wall paper. It is one of God's greatest
blessings to us; so let it in.

Look out for an air of comfort for the living room; here is where the
family come together for rest and recreation, and if it is not found here it
will be sought at other places. The children obtain their lasting impressions
of the home and begin to lay plans for another home perhaps in the far
future.

The yard requires taste and skill as much so as the inner furnishings of
the house. Every yard can't have a beautiful lawn laid off symmetrically
with the shrubbery clumped here and there; however, every one can be clean
with no rubbish around; flowers may adorn it with little or no expense.

In the country home is found the opportunity for children to be trained in
every line of home-making. After all, the most attractive part of the home
is the family who live in it.

The children, as Cornelius once said, are the most precious jewels, and in
them lie the possibilities of mankind. Not for one moment can we afford to
neglect this training for anything else. Just how old the child should be
when this training should begin depends on the child. Few of us begin early
enough. When the little one climbs up in the chair and wants to help wash
dishes, or insists on sweeping the floor, often we are tempted to say, "Run
along, you will break the dishes, or make more trash than you clean up."
Right there the mistake is made, for if we continue to push them off they
will cease to come and offer a helping hand, but will be content to go along
and let mother do the work.

How proud mothers are of their domestic girls, and fathers of their sons

The Bulletin. 41

I

who love the home and are willing to stay on the farm! And justly so. Our
boys and girls should feel that they are a part of the home early in life, with
some specific duty to perform each day.

To me one of the greatest responsibilities of child-training is their intense
desire to do as wc do and not as we say do. An instructor on one occasion
was making a bed for a little one, charging her to imitate her the next morn-
ing and be very careful and not leave one thing undone. By accident, one of
the pillows was knocked out of the window, where it had been placed while
the bed was being made. On the following morning the little one showed
she had grasped many of the instructor's suggestions, and with a few aids
here and there the bed was ready for the pillows. She went to the window
and deliberately knocked one out saying, "You thought you'd catch me, but
you see I remembered you knocked yours out and I've done it too." This is
often the case: we are imitated in the wrong place; so it behooves us to
always be on the alert.

Some one has said housekeepers are born, not made. While we know this
is not always true, we realize every day that to make our daughters proficient
requires time and patience. Often a careless boy or girl will awake by watch-
ing nature; interest the children in growing flowers. They will relieve you
and it will be such a pleasure to them to know they are doing something to-
ward beautifying the home.

The country home where love and contentment reign is one to be envied,
the home that belongs to the whole family, each one trying to make it a per-
fect one, each one looking after the comfort and pleasure of the other.

The country school teacher can plant many seed in the young mind that
will be carried home. Interest the children in beautifying the schoolhouse
and grounds, and soon you will see the fruit of your labors developing in
the homes.

Pin Money Possibilities on the Farm.

MISS LINDA CLEMENT.

The chiefest source of a woman's farm revenue has always been her eggs,
chickens and butter. One is almost justifiable in believing that a man who
will carry to market, dispose of and pocket the price, provided his wife's
labor was expended in the production of these articles, is nothing short of a

. At any rate, the average farmer isn't guilty — there are few grafters

in the profession, and almost to a man they consider it a privilege to make
possible an earning capacity for wife and daughter. If they are progressive
farmers, nothing short of the best material finds a lodging place on their
farms, and if the women are going in for fowl culture nothing save a
thoroughbred flock shall mark the beginning.

A venture in poultry designates chickens as the original flock. The dis-
position one intends to make of them would influence the selecting of a
breed. If you wish to grow broilers or friers, you want a heavy, fat chicken
which grows off rapidly; if you wish to gain your proflt from eggs, you
would choose one of the slender-bodied laying strains. A reputable poultry
journal is a very necessary part of the outfit, and an eye alert to market de-
mands must supplement all other information gained. Keep an accurate
account of expenditures for first year and do not invest in expensive equip-
ment nor add too large a flock of turkeys, guineas or ducks until your experi-
ence with your small fiock of chickens shows your selling price tallying or in-
dicating a margin above cost of production. Too many poultry plungers fail
because their original investments in tremendous flocks and costly furnishings
haven't the stability and insurance of past experience to make them profit-
ably go. After your small return has produced a result, yOu are in need of a
consumer. Never sell through a commission firm; you are entitled to the
entire profits. Develop your business capacity by hunting your own markets,
and once found, make them regular customers by furnishing only extra select
stock. Let them learn they can depend on you for promptness and straight

42 The Bulletin.

dealing. Hotels and colleges hold yearly contracts with farm individuals
for poultry, butter and eggs. If they demand two-pound chickens, assort
yours and send them only two-pounders: if white eggs are their choice, send
them only white ones and reserve your tans and creams for another market.
In the commercial world, we are told, the distinguishing mark of an Ameri-
can is that "he wants what he wants when he wants it," and he is willing
to pay the price of his whims and impatience. So never argue with a cus-
tomer that he wants something else, but cater to his eccentricities and rest-
lessness since he doesn't count the cost.

In marketing your eggs, pack in cartons bearing your name and trade-
mark and build your reputation on that trademark. Never sell an egg that
has been gathered longer than three days; do not market your dirty eggs,
rots, spots or dwarfs.

Increase yearly with your profits your flock of birds. Keep those that are
especially strong and have bred true to color, size and other favorable re-
quirements. Adaptability of breed for purpose desired would also influence
the person',s selection of a cow, when considering the possibility of profitable
returns from the milk or butter industry. Just any old cow is not a dairy
cow. Select a Jersey, Holstein or any standard strain of butter or milk pro-
ducer. Begin at the beginning — to use a hackneyed expression — and learn
the business from the inside out and from the outside in. Send for a gov-
ernment bulletin or attend a four or five days government dairying demon-
stration taking place in your town or the neighboring. Learn the nutritive
value of the foods you feed your cows and learn to keep a record of and make
tests of your milk. Follow minutely government formula for perfect butter.
and produce a creamery variety which the year round nets you thirty-five
cents a pound instead of the poorer product which retails at ten or fifteen
cents. Remember there is no profitable return in money value in producing
an inferior grade of anything.

The tomato clubs that have recently been organized in nearly all parts of
the State, with a desire and hope of increasing the "Pin Money Possibili-
ties" on the farm, may prove delusive unless the strictest regard is given to
the instructions sent out by those who are in charge of this work. The best
of tomatoes, the best methods of putting them up and absolute cleanliness
should be strictly adhered to. If these essentials are disregarded the country
may be threatened to become glutted with canned goods that the trade nor
the consumer will want. If on account of this off-grade stuff the prices
should drop to 60 or 75 cents per dozen, which is not improbable, the busi-
ness could not be considered at all remunerative. It would pay far better
to not can tomatoes at all, or only enough for home consumption, than to
put them up at a loss. The farm woman finds sufficient for her hands to do
without unprofitable or superfluous labor. But the woman on the farm who
puts up only good stock and receives one dollar and twenty cents per dozen
for her entire canned output is declaring a dividend, and she'll declare a
still larger if she's a human market barometer. She'll grow two crops of
tomatoes, and like some of our big peach, apricot and cherry producers, her
canning outfit will be insurance for that part of the crop which fails a raw
market. A store tomato, the standard canning variety, is a midsummer
ripener and can not be successfully forced for an extremely early market.
From my own personal experience I prefer a Langdon Earliana, a variety
which has been on the market six or seven years. My Langdons, under con-
ditions both favorable and unfavorable, have ripened from one week to ten
days earlier than the standard earlies, and were ready for market when
Florida tomatoes were still bringing fifty cents a basket.

To one interested in a canned goods market, a variety of fruits and vegeta-
bles rather than a dependence on just one, as the tomatoes, means more in
profitable returns and finds readier sales. Of the vegetables maturing within
the season in which planted, the English green pea, when properly canned,
brings the most substantial price, ranging from $1.60 to $2 per dozen. Canned
asparagus holds a market, at a price above other vegetables, and on a par

The Bulletin. 43

with most of the California fruits. It requires three summers for au aspara-
gus bed to reach maturity if grown from seeds. Still, when one considers
that when once established it lasts indefinitely, the cultivation and patient
waiting is worth the while. All asparagus for canning should be bleached
and all stalks should be of a uniform size and length. If your canned product
meets all market requirements, you should receive from $2.50 to $3 per dozen
for your asparagus. Select varieties of peach, apricot, pears and berries
commanding a good market at high prices, home-canned goods do not have
to compete with canning factories, for they are always preferable and com-
mand, therefore, a better price. But, remember, just any old stuff you sling
together doesn't find a waiting market. Grade everything you sell; use only
perfect fruits and vegetables either for the raw market or cans. Build your
reputation on perfection of flavor, cleanliness and honest weight. Specialize,
if you care to, on some one fruit or vegetable, but be sure it's one the market
isn't easily satiated with — fig preserves, sweet pickled fiigs, sweet pickled
cantaloupes or peaches — something of this kind.

A Virginia woman built a factory from a tiny kitchen, and a fortune from
a paltry investment, not only because by intuition she discerned that "Pin
Money Pickles" would tickle the palate of a nation, but because every pickle
she afterwards produced partook in size, flavor and perfection of that first
delectable. Reputations are sometimes acquired by accident, but it's another
thing to live up to them, and the rule holds good in a commercial sense.

In the profitable realm of the vegetable world there are waiting opportuni-
ties with the expenditure of a few cents for seeds, good earnest labor for cul-
tivation, hard common sense for markets, and the farm woman need be no
beggar. Earning one's spending money gives woman a confidence and added
respect in and for her own capabilities. There are each day avenues multi-
tudinous opening for the feminine farmer who would and will earn her way.
There are bee farms, flower beds, early transplanted plants, lettuce farms,
and home-made dainties galore. The "bide at home" woman has proven her
capacity, and her profession will continue to grow.

It Pays to Think.

LUCIE T. WEBB.

The thinking farmer is the one who is making good today. It is he who
considers the effect of every lick; who studies his soil and by the use of
modern methods, with an equal amount of labor, increases the yield from
two to fourfold. It is the thinking woman who accomplishes in one day by
thought and system what her neighbor does in two. Yet how few of our
women think. They go into the day's work with an indistinct idea of the
myriads of things to be done, jumbled together, with no plan, no outline in
the mind's eye; no grouping of tasks so that two and three things may be
done at the same time; no regard for short cuts and easy ways; and, most
of all, with no consideration whatever for their own strength and physical
endurance. They stand through countless opportunities to sit and rest the
tired feet. They trot from one place to another in an aimless way, making
many trips where one should answer. All because they do not think.

A woman's life on the farm at its best is hard; how hard no one but the
one who has lived it without hired help knows. Much of the drudgery can
not be eliminated, even by a world of system. There are meals to cook,
dishes to wash, beds to make, floors to sweep, milk to churn, vegetables to
gather, fruit to save, water to bring, and sometimes, I am sorry to say, wood
to cut, pigs to feed, and cows to milk. This is hardly a beginning of the daily
tasks that confront her; and when there are babies to care for I often wonder
, that she is alive to tell the story. Surely then, if there is any help to be had
in thinking, the farm woman needs to think. Else she can not greet her
tired husband when night comes with a well-kept home, good food, and, best
of all, a cheery smile.

44 The Bulletin.

Conditions are different in every home, therefore the woman herself must
study these conditions and solve her own problems the best she can. Let
her have ever before her the one thought — save steps. Children are great
step-savers for mother; the exercise and training is good for them. Not hard
work for the little ones, but they enjoy seeing "who can pick up mamma's
thread first," or "who can bring a spoon from the dining-room the quickest."
A large waiter is also a great help, almost an entire meal can be carried to
the table at one trip, or all of the dishes brought in from the dining-room
when ordinarily one goes back and forth a number of times. Take the
waiter to the pantry and while resting a minute on the meat box make a
calculation of all the things needed in preparing the meal and, piling them
on the waiter, carry them all to the kitchen at one time. Now rest again,
this time in the kitchen rocking chair, and calculate how many steps you
have saved. A small table can be placed close to the kitchen stove on the
left-hand side and on it kept a jar of lard, some sugar, salt, pepper, a knife,
fork, spoon, stove-lifter, etc.; this keeps one from going back and forth
across the room to the kitchen table. Again, a wheelbarrow may be used to
advantage in hauling stove-wood, one trip bringing enough to last a whole
day. Or taken to the garden for vegetables, often this saves a half-dozen
journeys. By all means, have the garden near the back of the house. I
know I have, in days gone by, walked hundreds of miles to a garden off from
the house out of reach of the chickens.

There are other ways, at a small expense, the housewife may save herself
an untold amount of labor. A kitchen sink at a cost of from three to five
dollars will be worth its weight in gold. A fireless cooker, an oil stove,
linoleum on the kitchen fioor, and where it can be done, a convenient water
supply could be had in most of our homes if the housewife started in with
the determination to have them.

As a parting word let me say, save your feet. Every woman will say her
feet are more tired than anywhere else when night comes. Then she should
sit down and work whenever it is possible; and in the winter, if the kitchen
stove is the only chance to warm them, put a warm brick under each foot as
she peals the potatoes, wipes the dishes, or picks the chicken.

Factors That Will Enter Largely Into the Betterment of North Carolina

Agriculture.

A. L. FRENCH.

Every thinking citizen of North Carolina realizes the importance of our
premier industry — agriculture. From the west line of Cherokee County to
where the waters of Old Ocean beat upon the thin strip of land at the lower
end of Currituck, that divide them from those of Albemarle Sound, men and
women are found busily engaged in winning a living, and something for a
rainy day, from the soil.

These men and women are our leading citizens; for they are engaged in
the most important industry of ours, or any other State. And the young
men and women that are, in the next generation, to take up and carry on
the work of their fathers and mothers on the land are the most important
factors that will enter into the betterment of the State's agriculture.

How important then that the training of these young lives be along lines
that will enable them to dignify the work of their fathers and improve upon
it to the degree that the increase of the world's population demands.

This training the writer believes should be the work first of the fathers
and mothers on the farm. They should be trained from their infancy in the
need for a better care of the soil and its more economical handling. Then
as they arrive at school age the State should, while training them to develop
their minds, strive to keep ever before them the principles that their parents
have planted and tended before they were given into the State's keeping.

The Bulletin. 45

This means an agricultural education for every boy and girl that is raised
upon the farms of the State; an education, by the way, that unfits them in
no way for any other business that they may choose to take up later; for a
brain training founded upon the great principles that pertain to the soil
will be one of the best foundations upon which to rear an educational struc-
ture that will fit for any other business or profession. And the hope of the
country as I see it is to make of farm boys and girls farmers first, then let
the surplus go to other callings; for the greatest need of our State today is
better farmers. The greatest work that lies at the door of these better
farmers of the future is the improvement of the soils of our State; for it is
a fact that while our gross income from the lands of the State amounts to
vast sums yearly, yet not half of the acres upon which our products are pro-
duced— because of a depleted condition — pay a living wage to the men
handling them. This can mean nothing else than poverty to the farming
people. And a people continuing in poverty generation after generation lose
courage and ambition, and a consequent lowering of their standard of living
and citizenship is inevitable.

This condition among those responsible for the care of our greatest in-
dustry can never be tolerated. Our new farmers must study and experi-
ment until they learn how — by better drainage, better tillage, better fertili-
zation, more economical working, and a better handling of necessary capi-
tal— to put these border acres into the profit-giving column; make them
produce a greater yield each year at no greater expense, and cause them to
increase from year to year in natural stored-up fertility. And then will the
present generation be more economically fed and clothed and the heritage
of future generations be conserved.

These young men and women of the future must be brought to realize
clearly that upon them rests very largely the conservation of our great
natural resource called water-power; for while the State and nation in the
coming years may spend vast sums of the people's money in reforesting the
mountains and building great reservoirs for the control of surplus water,
yet upon them — the men and women having the control of the farming lands
of the State — must fall the great bulk of the work of regulating the flow of
surplus water.

The farming lands of the State must be so thoroughly underdrained, so
well broken, so completely filled with vegetable matter, and the rougher por-
tions of the farms so constantly covered with grass that surplus water will —
the greater part of it — be made to seep through the land and thus leave
gradually, rather than to rush off the surface of the soil to swell the creeks
and rivers to the bursting point.

Upon the farmers and their wives of the future will fall in a large degree
the work of beautifying our State, cultivating her natural resources, for
beauty that is second to no State in the Union. Our unsightly patches of
cultivated lands must be broadened and lengthened until they meet, form-
ing oroad areas of well-tilled fields. Our unprofitable brush-grown gullies
and galled hills must be made to lend beauty to the landscape by presenting
an unbroken expanse of rich green, profit-giving grass. And upon these
pastures the unlovely scrub animal must give place to the man-moulded,
beautiful, well-bred cow, horse, sheep, and hog.

The farm homes of these future farmers will reflect their culture and
prosperity, and the open country from Currituck to Cherokee will give abun-
dant evidence that our State has recognized the importance of her greatest
natural resource — the soil — and has given thought to the training of the
people in the land; has given to agriculture the dignity that its importance
warrants.

46 The Bulletin.

y aria Hon s in High Yielding Varieties of Cotton.

JAMES M. GRAY.

In this report the records for the year of 1903 and 1909, inclusive, of the
North Carolina Test Farms have been used. Most of the information is
from the Iredell and Edgecombe farms, but the records from the Red Springs
farm were used for the three years this farm was in operation (1903-1905).

In the experiments, from which the data for this report were gathered, the
fertilizers used were the same on each farm. A 7 — 2i^ — 2i^ formula was
used practically all the way through the series. The preparation of the land
and the subsequent cultivation was the same in each instance. The land was
broken with a two-horse plow eight to ten inches deep early in the spring
and harrowed just before planting. The cultivation was frequent and
shallow.

On the Edgecombe farm the land is a Norfolk Sandy Loam, varying in
depth from 6 to 24 inches, with an average depth of about 12 inches. This
soil holds manure fairly well and gives a yield of about a bale and a quarter
of cotton without heavy fertilization. The seasons are of good length for the
maturing of cotton.

The lands of the Red Springs farm are similar to those of the Edgecombe
farm, Norfolk Sandy Loam, but less fertile naturally. The season is some-
what longer and warmer than at the Edgecombe farm. These two farms
have approximately ideal conditions for cotton growing.

The soil of the Iredell farm is almost entirely Cecil Clay with some Clay
Loam. The seasons are rather short for cotton, the farm being on the ex-
treme northern border of the cotton belt. Commercially, cotton is not grown
in this section to any great extent.

In this report the following varieties will be used for comparison: Rus-
sell's Big Boll, Culpepper's Improved, King's Improved, Excelsior Prolific,
Edgeworth, Cook's Improved, and Simpkins's Improved. As will be seen,
the Edgeworth variety was the only variety run through a series of six years
on more than one farm. This irregularity in the tests made prevents the
conclusions from being as definite as they might otherwise have been.

DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES TESTED.

Russell's Big Boll is a hardy, large boiled and vigorous cotton that yields
well on a loam or sandy soil in Eastern North Carolina. It is very popular
with the pickers because of the ease and rapidity with which it can be
picked. Under average conditions this variety is not only prolific, but fairly
reliable. During a seven years test with the above mentioned varieties it
stood third on the Edgecombe farm, giving an average yield of 462.72 pounds
of lint per acre.

Culpepper's Improved, a large boiled variety, is about ten days earlier
than Russell's Big Boiled. It has a large weed with spreading limbs, well
boiled and holds cotton well. It is more variable than is Russell's Big Boll,
but, notwithstanding this, in the seven years test it stood second on the
Edgecombe farm with an average production of 471.97 pounds of lint per
acre.

King's Improved has a smaller boll than either of the aforementioned varie-
ties but runs a little higher in per cent of lint, averaging on the three farms
38.16 per cent for the seven years test. It has a rather small stalk with
spreading limbs fairly well fruited.

Excelsior Prolific has large, deep lobed leaves and short, well matured
limbs that bear a rather small boll of high percentage of lint. It often runs
above 40 per cent lint, but because of its variability the average would be
somewhat under this. On the Edgecombe farm it gave an average yield of
528.86 pounds, leading all others.

The Bulletin.

47

Edgeworth has a rather heavy stalk, is short limbed with large leaves and
is rather late in maturing. It runs about 34 per cent lint.

Cook's Improved has large plants, heavily limbed, the lower limbs very
long and open; bolls medium size but long, slender and tapering; rather
late in maturing. The percentage of lint for a period of six years averaged
39.02. This cotton seems to give a slightly higher per cent of lint on heavy
soils than on light soils.

Simpkins's Improved is a small stalked, short limbed variety; a rather
heavy fruiter, mediumly early maturing; but maturing at one time rather
than continuously, and for this reason is not very well liked where there is
a scarcity of pickers. The bolls are small and do not hold the lint very well.

The following table gives the yearly yields of these different varieties of
cotton on the different test farms of the State covering a period of seven
years.

Ruasell's Big Boll:

Edgecombe Farm...

Red Springs Farm..

Iredell Farm

Culpepper's Improved:

Edgecombe Farm...

Red Springs Farm..

Iredell Farm

King's Improved:

Edgecombe Farm...

Red Springs Farm..

Iredell Farm ._

Excelsior Prolific:

Edgecombe Farm...

Red Springs Farm..

Iredell Farm

Edgeworth:

Edgecombe Farm...

Red Springs Farm..

Iredell Farm.

Cook's Improved:

Edgecombe Farm...

Red Springs Farm..

Iredell Farm

Simpkins' Prolific:

Edgecombe Farm...

Red Springs Farm..

Iredell Farm

1903

554.53
367.87

425.83

456.87

323.91
355.45

335.70

1904

409 .44
291.32
224 .32

368.51
343.45
217.04

541.51
330.28
247.85

592 .86
383.41
168.39

598.86
332 .52
221.31

1905

616.36
199 .05
279 .39

671 .72
237.51
276.36

667.59
198.23
400.69

623.87
216.57
296.88

577.59
182.41
268 .58

674.36
278.21
284.05

1906

1907

1908

682.61 i 328.07 , 362.50

1909

699.30 373.40

335.25

317.18
719.10

198.10
344.30

313.30

350.60

324 .80
509.70
265.50

287.52
289.85
451 .71

351.19
448.95

373.12
443.00

316.56 i

525.60 I 401.80

359.00
288.10

i 342.00

i

; 357.02

307.28 233.70

681 .87

519.60

359 .00
374.40

352 .78

342 .80

455 .00
341.50
402.40

320.32
469.85

291 .75
426.75
360.03

*Farm discontinued 1905.

From a study of these figures it will be seen that there is a rather wide
range of variations in yields of each variety on the same soils and on
different soils. It is natural that there should be some variation on soils of
different types, but it seems rather striking that there should be such a wide
variation on the same soil when the culture and the fertilizers were the
same. The climatic changes would, of course, affect the crops of different
years somewhat, but hardly enough to justify such a wide variation. The
fault would seem to lie with the seed more than anything else. Presumably
, not enough care was taken in the selection of seed and the quality of seed
used.

48

The Bulletin.

The following table will help to bring out the variation more forcefully:

Edgecombe
Farm

Year ^^m'"^ Year

I

Russell's Big Boll:

Highest yield 682.61

Lowest yield 287.52

Difference 395.09

Culpepper's Improved:

Highest yield

Lowest yield

Difference

King's Improved:

Highest yield

Lowest yield

Difference

Excelsior Prolific:

Highest yield

Lowest yield

Difference

Edgeworth:

Highest yield

Lowest yield

Difference

Cook's Improved:

Highest yield

Lowest yield-

Difference

Simpkins' Improved:

Highest yield

Lowest yield

Difference

Iredell
Farm

1906
1909

367.87
199.05

1903
1905

289.85
224 .32

168.82

65.53

Year

1909
1904

699.30

1906
1908

456.98
237.51

1903
1905

351.19
198.10

1909

313.30

1907

' 386.00

667.59
323.91

i

1

219.47

355.48
198.23

153.09

509.70
247.85

1905
1903

1903
1905

1908
1904

343.58

719.10
265.50

157.25

383.41
216.57

261 .85

359.00
168.39

1906
1908

1904
1905

1908
1904

453.60

1

625.60
288.10

168.84

332.52
182.41

;

190.61

359 .00
221.31

1906
1908

1904
1905

1908
1904

337.50

j 681.87
374 .40

150.11
278.21

*

137.69

455.00
284 .05

1906
' 1908

1905

1

1908
1904

307.47

426.75
341 .50

1

170.95

402.40
360.03

1909
1908

t

1908

1909

85.25

1

42.37

1

1

*One year only. fFarm discontinued.

A study of this table shows that on the Edgecombe farm there was a much
wider range of variation than on either of the others, the Red Springs farm
coming second and the Iredell farm giving the least variation. Although the
test on the Edgecombe farm gave the widest variations, they also gave the
greatest aggregate yield for the period over which the tests were run. This
would teach that, if one could obviate this wide variation and still retain
the high yielding quality of some of the best varieties of cotton, the section
of country adjacent to the Edgecombe farm would be the greatest cotton
section of the State. It is entirely possible that this can be done by a system
of careful seed selection.

Another striking contrast brought out by these figures is the comparison
of yields for the same year on the Edgecombe and Iredell farms. With the
exception of Culpepper's Improved, all the varieties gave their largest yields
on the Iredell farm the same year that they gave their smallest yields on
the Edgecombe farm. Just why this should be is not known. The season
of 1908 was very late and this may have affected the growth of cotton more

The Bulletin.

49

on the Edgecombe farm than on the Iredell farm, since the cotton was
planted on the Edgecombe farm several weeks earlier than on the Iredell
farm. And, again, the quality of the seed might have contributed to this
difference as seed were not from the same source.

Just here it might be interesting to note the averages of the different
varieties on the same soil and on different soils. The following table will
aid in this comparison.

Russell's Big Boll

Culpepper's Improved

King's Improved

Excelsior Prolific

Edgeworth

Cook's Improved

Simpkins' Improved..

Average for
all Farms

337.77
361.16
367.67
379.10
339.11
362.70
375 .78

Average for
Edgecombe

462.72
7 yrs.
471.97
7 yrs.
441 .84
6 yrs.
528 .86

5 yrs.
474 .83

6 yrs.
468.01
5 yrs.
370.35
3 yrs.

Average for
Red Springs

286.08
3 yrs.
345 .95

3 yrs.
294 .65
3 yrs.
311.89
3 yrs.
257 .46
2 yrs.
278.21

lyr.

Average for
Iredell

264 .52

3 yrs.
265.58

5 yrs.
366.52

6 yrs.
296.56

5 yrs.
285 .04

6 yrs.
345 .87

4 yrs.
381.21
2 yrs.

From first glance the difference as brought out by this table
would not amount to so very much: in the average for all the
farms there is only a difference of 41.33 pounds between the
highest and the lowest; on the Edgecombe farm there is a difference of
jiist 157.71 pounds; on the Red Springs farm the difference is 88.48 pounds,
and on the Iredell farm the difference is 116.69 pounds between the highest
and the lowest yielding varieties. On studying these figures more closely
this difference is of decided importance when they are applied to the actual
production of cotton in the State or on the individual farm. Just to illus-
trate: in North Carolina there are about 1,624,000 acres in cotton. If the
whole acreage had been in Russell's Big Boll, which gave the lowest aver-
age, instead of Excelsior Prolific, which gave the highest average, the loss
to the State would have been $7,955,040. (Allowing the price of cotton to
be 12 cents.) Again, suppose the average farm contains fifty acres of cotton,
and that the lowest yielding variety is being planted in each locality, the
difference between Simpkins's Improved (the lowest) and Excelsior Prolific
(the highest) was 158.51 pounds per acre; this would have resulted in a loss
of $951 for each farm adjacent to the Edgecombe farm. The difference be-
tween Edgeworth, the lowest, and Culpepper's Improved, the highest, was
88.48 pounds per acre on the Red Springs farm, which difference would re-
sult in a loss of $531 on the adjacent farms. The difference between Russell's
Big Boll, the lowest, ahd Simpkins's Improved, the highest, was 119.69
pounds per acre on the Iredell farm. This difference would amount to a loss
of $695 to the man who planted Russell's Big Boll on farms adjacent to the
Iredell farm. Of course these examples are extreme because no variety is
planted exclusively. Yet if a farmer, by knowing the adaptations of a
variety, can save from $500 to $1,000 on a fifty-acre farm, a study of varie-
ties and their adaptation to different sections and different soils and fertili-
zation is of very great importance.

50

The Bulletin.

VARIATIONS IN PER CENT OF LINT.

Continuing a study of tlie same varieties as were used in the study of
variations in yields it will be seen that there is also a variation in per cent
of lint, both on the same soil and on different soils. This can be shown best
by following the same methods as were used in showing differences in yields,
namely, tables.

1903

1904

Russell's Big Boll: ;

Edgecombe Farm - 32.39

Red Springs Farm | 34.38

Iredell Farm --

Culpepper's Improved:

Edgecombe Farm 31 .62

Red Springs Farm.. 37.50

Iredell Farm.

King's Improved:

Edgecombe Farm 36.60

Red Springs Farm 39.05

Iredell Farm.

Excelsior Prolific:

Edgecombe Farm..

Red Springs Farm

Iredell Farm

Edgeworth:

Edgecombe Farm

Red Springs Farm

Iredell Farm

Cook's Improved:

Edgecombe Farm

Red Springs Farm

Iredell Farm

Simpkins' Improved:

Edgecombe Farm

Red Springs Farm

Iredell Farm

37.50

34.39
32.81
35.05

35.83
37.50
34.45

39.20
40.62
37.84

36.56
40.62
35.45

35.37
35.94
36.58

1905

31.75
35.70
34.98

33.07
37.39
34.98

1906 I 1907

32.56 i 31.23

35.26
34.42

1908

31.95

31.08
35.37

33.80

38.21 ! 1 35.08

39.61
37.10

35.42
39.61
37.58

33.33
37.15
35.34

37.09

40.89
40.87

39.19
40.93
39.49
33.99

36.52

32.10

37.40
37.92
36.21
37.09
32.81

35.21 34.88 37.21

39.03 39.09

37.61

38.61

39.71
35.99 ! 36.68

- 37.61

1909

24.90

Aver.

34.10
36.60

34.60
35.70 i

37.50
41.20

38.00 j
]
34.40

35.20
40.20

38.90
39.30
37.70

31.31
34.27
34.71

33.89
37.19
34.75

37.03

39.76
37.68

38.06
39.21
37.52

33.66
36.54
35.73

38.80
40.89
39.27

37.32

37.65

*Farm discontinued.

By looking over the column of averages it will be seen that without excep-
tion the average per cent of lint for all the varieties was higher on the Iredell
farm than on the Edgecombe farm. It will also be noticed that with
only one exception the percentage was higher on the Red Springs farm
than on either of the others. True, the Red Springs tests were
only continued three years. The Edgecombe farm, by reason of its rich soil,
its long season and other natural advantages is the nearest ideal for cotton
production of the three farms, Iredell farm, because of its short season,
heavy soil, cool springs, is the poorest farm for cotton production of the
three. Then why this decided difference in per cent of lint in favor of the
Iredell farm? It is known that lint consists largely of carbon and that car-
bon comes through the leaves of the plant. Cotton on the Edgecombe farm
suffers greatly from leaf rust, sometimes almost stripped of leaves; on the
Iredell farm leaf rust is almost unknown. The natural supposition would
be that the cutting off of the leaf area and consequently the amount of carbon
in the plant limits the percentage of lint. There has been no investigation
along this line, so this is a mere supposition. Yet it would appear that the
farmer can well consider the rust resistant properties of his cotton.

The Bulletin.

51

A comparison of the lint production and the yield does not seem to show
that there is any relation between the per cent of lint and the yield of any
one variety on the same soil or on different soils. To illustrate: In 1905
Russell's Big Boll gave a yield of 616.36 pounds of lint per acre on the Edge-
combe farm with a percentage of lint of 31.75, while in 1908 it gave a yield
of 362.5 pounds per acre with a percentage of 31.95. In 1905 Russell's Big
Boll gave a yield of 279.39 pounds per acre on the Iredell farm with a per-
centage of lint of 34.98. In 1909 it gave a yield of 289.85 pounds of cotton
per acre with a percentage of lint of 34.10. By comparing the other varieties
in the same way it will be found that they bear out this same fact.

The following table will help to bring out some other contrasts in the
variation in per cent of lint of the different varieties under discussion:

Edgecombe
Farm

Year

Red Springs
Farm

i

Year

Russell's Big Boll:

Highest psreent

Lowest percent

34.39
24.90

1 1

1904 1 35.70 1905 35.05
1909 1 32.81 1904 34.10

1904
1909

1 ; 1

r)ifTf'rpnoe

9 49

2.89

37.50
37.39

.95

Culpepper's Improved:

Highest psroent _ . _

Lowest percent .

34.60
31.08

1909
1907

1904
1905

35.31
34.42

1907
1906

1

5.52

.11

40.62
39.05

'

.95

39.19
36.52

King's Improved:

Highest percent _^_

Lowest percent

39.20
35.08

1904
1907

1904
1903

1906
1907

1

4.12

41.20
35.42

1.57

40.62

2.67
39.49

Excelsior Prolific:

Highest percent

1909

1904

1906

Lowest

1905 37 .50

1903

35 .45 1904

5.78

35.37
32.10

3.12
37.15

4.04
37.21

Edgeworth:

Highest nercent

1904

1905
1904

1908

1907 35 .94

35.20 , 1909

3.27
40.20

1.21
40.89

2.01
40.87

Cook's Improved:

Highest percent---

1909

1905

1905

37 .09 1905

37.61 1906

T)ifTprf»nce

1

Simpkins' Prolific:
Hitrhpst nercent

39.30 1909 t

37.70
37.61

1909

35 .99 1907

1908

!

3.31

1

.09

: i

*One year. tFarm discontinued.

This table brings out the fact that with the same variety there is a greater
variation in the per cent of lint on the Edgecombe farm than on either of
the others. The most striking difference is with Russell's Big Boll and Cul-
. pepper's Improved. Just why this should be is unknown as no records were
kept of the growth of these varieties on the different farms. This table again
emphasizes the fact that a variety that does best on one soil or in one locality
will not always do best on a soil of different character or in another locality.

52 The Bulletin.

general conclusions.

1. That there is a rather wide variation in yields of varieties of cotton on
the same soil and on different soils.

2. That this variation regulates the profit or loss of a cotton crop more
than most farmers realize.

3. That this variation can be regulated to a large extent by the farmer
himself if he will study the adaptation of a variety to his own farm con-
ditions, both as to soil and climate.

4. That, from the knowledge at hand, the variations of one variety on any
particular soil can be regulated by a careful and systematic field selection of
seed, and only by this method.

5. That, under present conditions, it is of far more importance to the
farmer for him to study his field conditions, his variety of cotton and seed
selection, etc., than it is for him to try to regulate the market price of cot-
ton. He has been, is, and will be primarily a producer, and not a regulator
of market prices. When he better understands the economic production of
cotton under his conditions he can better undertake the regulation of markets.

6. That until the best variety of cotton for a particular farm or locality
has been established, and the variations of this variety eliminated as far as
possible, there need not be very much emphasis laid on the per cent of lint
that a variety produces.

7. That after the best variety has been established and the controlable
variations eliminated it will be well for the increase of the lint to be con-
sidered. But I believe that this will automatically increase and establish
itself as the other changes are brought about.

8. That there is no variety that can be called the best variety universally.

9. That there is no variety that can be called the best variety for any par-
ticular soil or locality.

10. That the establishing of varieties for any particular type of soil, cli-
mate or locality is a great work that can be helped materially by the Experi-
ment Stations but must be worked out finally by each individual farmer for
his individual conditions.

Feeding Hogs in North Carolina.

BY DAN T. GRAY, CHIEF IN ANIMAL INDUSTRY. •

The Southern people are large meat consumers but small meat producers.
In fact, the South consumes more meat per capita than any other section
of our country, but a large proportion of this meat is shipped into the South
from other sections of the country. This is a very strange condition of
affairs when all persons who have studied the question agree that pork can
be made as cheaply, and perhaps more cheaply, in the South than in any
other section of America.

There are many reasons why North Carolina farmers should introduce this
line of animal production into their farming system. In the first place, very
little capital is required to make a reasonable start: one hundred dollars
invested in hogs represents a rather large beginning, but the same amount
of money invested in some of the larger animals would be almost no start
at all. In the second place, the sow is a rapid producer; each sow will pro-
duce no less than twelve pigs a year if she is given proper care and atten-
tion; this means that the money invested in hogs works rapidly. In the
third place, the returns begin to come back within a very short time — which
is an exceedingly important point for the man with limited capital. In the
fourth place, the hog can not be surpassed for its ability to build up the
soils rapidly, especially when leguminous crops are grown to supply the
pasture.

The Bulletin. 53

CORN WHEN FED ALONE IS NOT SATISFACTORY.

The majority of our farmers feed too much corn. It is generally con-
sidered that there is no other feed equal to corn for pork production. This
is true, provided the corn is used judiciously. But if it be fed alone for any
length of time there are few feeds which are poorer. If, however, corn is
fed in combination with other feeds, its use is to be highly commended, and
it can be used to great economical advantage, too, even though it sells upon
the market as high as $1 a bushel.

The hog is not adapted to living on corn alone, and when we require it of
him we are forcing him to do a thing which is not consistent with his nature.
Man likes a mixture of feeds or a change in diet; so do the lower animals.
The hog in its wild state is omnivorous, feeding upon roots, nuts, fish, grass,
snakes, etc.; in fact, but few feeds can be mentioned that he will not eat if
he be given the opportunity. Our domesticated hogs have inherited the
tendency to select their feed from a variety of substances, and when we
enclose them in a pen and give them but one feed we can feel assured that
we are not allowing them to reach their highest possibilities.

Experimental data, as well as the experience of our best farmers, show that
pork can not be profitably raised and finished upon corn alone when corn
sells for 70 cents a bushel. The man who tries to finish hogs on corn alone
is following a losing business. There are plenty experiments to show that
when corn is worth 90 cents a bushel the cost of each pound of gain will be
just about 9 cents; when corn is selling at 80 cents a bushel each pound of
gain put on will cost 8 cents; when corn is worth 70 cents a bushel each
pound of gain will cost 7 cents; and when corn is worth only 60 cents a
bushel pork can be finished for only 6 cents a pound. It appears, therefore,
that when 90-cent corn is fed to 7-cent hogs the feeder is losing 20 cents a
bushel on his corn. Eight-cent pork must go along with 80-cent corn if the
owner is to strike even on feeding corn alone. As a general thing the farm-
ers do not get 8 cents for their hogs. If corn were worth but 40 cents a
bushel, as it often is in some of the Western States, it would be a very profit-
able thing to raise corn and feed it to 6 and 7-cent hogs; good money could
be made out of it, as the farmer would then be selling his 40-cent corn, by
means of hogs, at 60 and 70 cents a bushel. But even in the corn-belt States
it is more profitable to supplement the corn with other concentrates or green
crops, and this practice is followed by the best farmers.

CONCENTRATES TO StTPPLEMENT CORN.

Fortunately for the South, it is not necessary to depend upon corn alone,
as almost all the crops which can be grown in any part of the country can be
grown in the South, and there are many crops suitable for hog feed which
can be grown in no other section of the country. This section is wonderfully
blessed in its great variety of grain and concentrates, and, in addition, green
and pasture crops can be made to spread over twelve months of the year. In
fact, with the use of pasture crops the South is in a position to make pork
cheaper than any other section of the United States.

As stated before, the hog likes a variety of feeds and thrives better upon
a ration made up of two or more feeds than upon one made up of but one.
It has been proved by several of the experiment stations that wheat and corn,
when fed separately to fattening hogs, are practically equal in feeding value.
At the Wisconsin Experiment Station several tests were made to learn the
relative value of wheat and a mixture of wheat and corn in equal parts. It
was found that 500 pounds of wheat were required to make 100 pounds of
gain, but when wheat and corn were fed in equal parts only 485 pounds of the
mixture were required to make the same gain. When fed separately, these
grains are of equal feeding value, but the mixture of the two was more valu-
"able than either grain when fed alone. While the South has not the wheat,
vet the Wisconsin experiments teach the lesson that if the most is to be
realized upon the hog and the corn a supplementary feed must go along with
the corn.

54

The Bulletin.

Among the high-priced concentrated feeds that may be used along with corn
and cheapen the ration are skim milk, wheat shorts, and tankage; these
three are popular in the South, and are probably the cheapest and best.
"While the writer was at the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, he
used all three of these feeds along with corn. The following table illustrates
some of the average results:

Table 1— FEEDS TO USE WITH CORN.

Experi-
ment

Ration

Corn alone.

-Average
Initial

Weight
Each Pig

65 lbs.

Average
Daily
Gain

Each Pig

.39 lbs.

Corn 2/3—
Shorts 1/3-

60

.83

Corn, 1 part

Skim milk, 2 1/5 parts.

Corn alone.

60

45

1.33

.12

Corn, 8/10

Tankage, 2/10.

45

.84

Corn. 9/10

Tankage, 1/10.

45

.51

Feed to

Male 100
Pound
of Gain

764 corn

339 corn
169 shorts

296 corn

666 skim

milk

874 corn

293 corn
73 tank.

475 corn
53 tank.

Cost to

Make 100

Pounds

of Gain

19.55

7.28

6.36

10.93

5.12

7.00

In the above financial estimate, corn is valued at 70 cents a bushel, wheat
shorts at $26 a ton, skim milk at 40 cents a hundredweight, and tankage at
?40 a ton.

In a general statement it may be said that it always paid to supplement
the corn with wheat shorts, skim milk, and tankage, the skim milk proving
to be the best and cheapest. Throughout all of the above tests the hogs
which were fed on corn alone made exceedingly unsatisfactory gains, gaining
in one case as low as one-tenth of a pound daily; larger hogs, however, would
have done better. The hogs which were fed on one of the supplements along
with the corn made satisfactory gains, those which drank skim milk giving
almost remarkable results when compared with the results obtained when
corn alone was employed.

It should also be noted that the gains were very expensive when corn was
fed by itself, in one case going as high as $10.93 for each hundred pounds of
pork made. In the second case above the expense of fattening the hogs was
more than cut in half when one-fifth of the ration was made of tankage. In
the first test the wheat shorts and the skim milk both saved much corn and
cheapened the ration.

PASTURE CROPS TO SUPPLEMENT CORN.

The facts so far presented show one thing clearly — when corn is used alone
as a hog feed money is almost sure to be lost. It has also been shown that
the feeding value of corn is increased as a result of the use of almost any
supplement. But even when corn is assisted by the supplementary feeds
mentioned, there are but few cases where 70 cents is realized for a bushel of
corn; that is, when hogs sell for six to seven cents a pound live weight.
Under present conditions the Southern farmer must see his way clear to
realize at least 70 cents a bushel upon h's corn when fed to hogs before he
can look upon the hog business as a profitable one. In short, concentrated
feeds of all kinds are upon such a high level of prices that the farmer can

The Bulletin. 55

not afford to limit the feed of the hog to them alone. Help must be sought
outside the concentrated feeds.

The supplementary feeds heretofore mentioned, together with several
others, are all good and should be used in hog-feeding operations; but the
future of profitable hog production in the South depends upon the use of
green or pasture crops. It is possible for the Southern farmer to have graz-
ing crops practically the year through, and many of the best farmers have
them. The Southern farmer has, in fact, a decided advantage over the North-
ern farmer in this respect. We have seen that a variety of feeds almost al-
ways produced more satisfactory results than one feed. Pastures and green
crops can be used to furnish variety better than any other feeds. The South-
ern farmer has grown so accustomed to placing his hogs in a small pen when
fattening period arrives that he has almost forgotten that the hog can make
valuable use of many green crops if he be given the opportunity.

PERMANENT PASTURES.

Until the farmer sees his way clear to make a permanent pasture or has
one already made, he should keep out of the live-stock business. It is, in
fact, almost impossible to realize a profit upon any kind of stock without
good pastures. Therefore, the first thing to be done when one contemplates
engaging in stock raising is to establish a pasture.

The South, which is the very section where they can be made easily, is
sadly deficient in pastures. No attention has been given to them; it has all
been given to cotton. But the Southern farmer, if he will devote some time
and effort to the subject, can have as good a pasture as was ever seen in
Kentucky or Missouri, and have that pasture available for grazing more
months in the year than is possible in those States. For a permanent pasture
there is no combination, either in the North or in the South, that will equal
burr clover and Bermuda grass. In many sections the Bermuda can be grazed
throughout the summer months and the burr clover from January until the
Bermuda comes on again. The combination will afford grazing at least ten
months of the year. Both plants are permanent after they are once estab-
lished. To supplement the permanent pasture, temporary pastures should be
grown, as cowpeas, peanuts, etc., but no farmer who has stock can afford to
be without this permanent pasture combination to be ready for use when the
temporary pastures can not be employed.

RAPE PASTURE.

One of the valuable green crops for hogs is rape. It can be sown in the
fall after the summer crops are taken off the land, and within seventy days
is ready for the hogs to be turned upon it. It is a winter growing crop,
or one that can be used between the two summer crops. As a result of its
use the land can be kept in use and covered with green vegetation the year
round. Several experiment stations and farmers have demonstrated its value
as a hog feed.

56

The Bulletin.

Table 2— RAPE AS A WINTER CROP FOR HOGS.

Lot

Ration

Average
Daily
Gain

Feed to

Make 100

Pounds

Pork

Cost to Make
100 Lbs. of Pork

Grain

Grain and
Pasture

Value

1 Acre

Rape in

Terms of

Corn and

Shorts

Corn, 2/3...
Shorts, 1/3.

.84

Corn, 2/3
Shorts, 1/3
Rape pasture

}l/2

ration.

.74

320 corn

160 shorts $6.88

172 corn
86 shorts
.15 acre

$6.88

3.70

4.90

$21 .20

Corn, 2/3 1
Shorts, 1/3 / '
Rape pasture

ration.

.54

110 corn
55 shorts
.22 acre

2.37

4.13

20.49

In the above financial estimate corn is valued at 70 cents a bushel, shorts
at $36 a ton, and rape pasture at ?8 an acre.

The work was done in Alabama, but the results are entirely applicable to
North Carolina, especially the coastal region. This rape crop was sowed after
soy beans, on September 21, on a sandy soil. The seed came up well and the
hogs were turned on to the pasture November 9 and kept there until April 7,
when they were taken off and sold. Five 100-pound pigs were grazed on each
acre.

The test shows rape to be an exceedingly valuable winter crop; it saves
much corn and other high-priced grains. In fact (see last column above)
each acre saved sufficient grain to be worth $21.20 in one case, $20.49 in the
other case, while the acre of rape did not cost over six dollars. In the lots
where the rape pastures were employed, the cost of making gains in weight
was very materially smaller than in the lot where dry feeds alone were fed.
It cost $6.88 to make 100 pounds of increase in live weight in Lot 1, where
corn and shorts were fed alone. In lots 2 and 3, where rape pastures were
grazed, the grain cost to make equal gains was reduced to $3.70 and $2.37,
respectively. When the expense of planting and cultivating the pastures is
also added to the cost of the pork (see column 6), the total cost of making
100 pounds of increase in live weight in Lots 2 and 3 was raised to $4.90 and
$4.13; the hogs in Lots 2 and 3, therefore, were fattened at an entirely satis-
factory profit, while the ones wbi^ch were finished on corn and shorts in a
dry lot, were fattened at a loss, or at least, at an unsatisfactory profit. Rape
provides an excellent winter pasture, but other pastures may be used with
just about as satisfactory results. Rye, oats, barley, or burr clover may be
used to very great advantage.

PLANTS FOB SUMMER PASTURE.

The pigs which are born in late winter and early spring should be finished
for the market, or for home killing, the following fall or early winter. It
will seldom pay to keep them through the first winter. When the pig is suck-
ing the mother, both should be given the run of a pasture crop in order that
grain may be saved. If the pig is born in late winter, any of the crops here-
tofore mentioned can be used until the summer crops begin to come on.
When green crops and pastures are thus used, the pig can be gotten up to
weaning time as cheaply, perhaps more cheaply, than he can be carried from
weaning time to a finish. When the pigs are from 60 to 75 pounds in weight
they are ready to begin to finish, and this is the time that the summer pas-
ture crops should be ready to use. This date will be from August to Sep-
tember.

Any reasonably good farmer should experience no difficulty in providing
summer and fall pasture crops, as he may take his choice from among cow-
peas, peanuts, soy beans, rape, etc.

The Bulletin.

57

Many farmers and stations have found cowpeas to be an excellent crop for
hogs, although no one claims that they afford as much grazing to the acre as
do peanuts and soy beans. At the Mississippi station cowpea pasture was
grazed without grain. In 1903, although the crop was grown on thin land,
one acre of cowpeas produced 360 pounds of pork. In 1904 the crop was
grown on good valley land and produced 483 pounds of pork to the acre. The
hogs were turned on the crop when the peas were ripe. Better results would
no doubt have been secured if the animals had been given the run of the field
about two weeks before the maturity of the peas.

In 1906 the Mississippi substation turned 8 sows with their 30 pigs into a
red clover pasture of 3% acres on March 20, the red clover having been sown
the previous fall. This furnished ample grazing until August 20, when they
were turned into a iy^-sicve lot of corn and peas. The 30 pigs were killed
out of this pasture November 1 without the addition of any other feed and
dressed 117 pounds each, at an average age of 196 days. The pigs ate ap-
proximately 6 bushels of corn each. When land rent is estimated at $5 an
acre, corn at 70 cents a bushel, and the cost of seeding the red clover is also
taken into account, each pig cost $4.98.

It is getting to be a common practice in the Middle States, where cowpeas
thrive well, to plant the peas in the corn at the last cultivation and graze the
hogs on both crops. This method saves a great amount of labor, and the
waste of corn is very small indeed if small pigs are given the run of the field
after the fattening animals are taken off; in fact, the loss of corn is not as
great as is usually the case when hired help gathers it.

Probably soy beans and peanuts afford the very best obtainable summer,
fall, and early winter grazing crops. This, at least, has been the writer's
experience. These two crops may be planted in the early part of the summer
and be ready for grazing from 80 to 100 days after planting; this, however,,
depends upon the variety of seed used, the character of soil, etc. Anyway,
if they are planted upon the same date the soy beans should be grazed first
and the peanuts immediately afterward.

The following tests show how valuable these two crops are:

Table 3— PEANUTS AND SOY BEANS AS PASTURES FOR HOGS.

Experi-
ment

2H

Ration

Corn alone.

Corn, 1/4

Soy bean pasture.

Corn. 1/2

Soy bean pasture.

Corn, 3/4

Soy bean pasture.

Corn alone

Corn, 1/2

Peanut pasture.

Corn. 4/5
Tank., 1/5

1/2.

Average
Daily
Gains

.38

1.1

1.0

1.3
.33

1.25

Peanut pasture... ! 1 .42

Peanut pasture 1.00

Feed to

Make 100

Pounds

of Pork

.13 acre
.22 acre

Cost to Make
100 Lbs. of Pork

Corn

609 corn $7.61 $7.61

.12 acre 2.19

776 corn 9 .58

134 corn

.13 acre ! 1.68

111 corn

28 tank. ' 1 .95

Corn and
Pasture

3.17
9.58

3.08

2.96

1.76

Value

1 Acre

in Terms

of Corn

Saved

.22 acres

0.85

2.59

44 bu.

138 corn

.2 acre

1.73

3.36

41 bu.

175 corn

63 bu.

65 bu.

34 bu.

476 lb. tank.
62 bu.

58 The Bulletin.

In the above financial estimates corn was valued at 70 cents a bushel, the
pastures at $8 an acre, and the tankage at $40 a ton. In some places peanuts
should be valued at a very much higher figure than the one used here; if so,
the reader can easily make the necessary changes.

These two pastures were both used to very great advantage, and pork was
made at a very low cost when compared with the expense when corn was used
by itself. When corn was used alone, it cost over 71/2 cents to make each
pound of pork; when soy-bean pastures were employed the expense was cut
down to $2.59, |3.36, and $3.17 to make each 100 pounds of pork in Lots 2, 3,
and 4, respectively. When peanut pasture was gra7ed it cost from $1.76 to
$3.08 to make 100 pounds of pork when the pasture was valued at $8 an acre.
The hogs were profitably fattened even when the peanuts are valued at $24
an acre.

FINISHING HOGS AFTER PASTURE CROPS ARE EXHAUSTED.

The majority of the farmers of the South who make use of green crops for
fattening hogs, dispose of the animals when the crops are exhausted, without
finishing them upon grain for a short period in a dry lot. There is a time
when the hog should be penned up in a lot and fed grain alone, but that time
is not at the beginning of the feeding operations. He should be penned up
after the pasture crops are gone and fed grain alone for a few days before
slaughtering or marketing. There are several reasons for following this
plan. First, the hog, after coming off the pasture, is in just the proper con-
dition to make gains economically and rapidly for a short time. He is in
excellent health, active, and, as a rule, his frame is not covered with as much
fat as it should carry. The pasture has tended to develop his frame at the
expense of fat, especially if he is a young animal. After he is fed in a pen
twenty-five to twenty-eight days, he looks better, and is better, than when
he came off the pasture, and is actually worth more to the consumer or
butcher, as he is fatter and will dress out a higher percentage of good mar-
ketable meat than if he had been sold directly from the pasture. Second,
when hogs have been grazed upon peanuts, soy beans, and certain other green
crops, the meat and lard have become soft, which makes the animal objec-
tionable to the butcher as well as for home consumption. This soft meat can
be hardened very materially if the hogs are fed upon grain for only a short
period after the crops are exhausted.

What shall the animal be fed during this short dry-lot finishing period?
Corn is good; corn in combination with cotton-seed meal is better and is
cheaper than corn alone, as the addition of cotton-seed meal to the ration
renders the meat hard more rapidly than when corn alone is used. If the
animals are to be fed not more than twenty-one days in this finishing period,
one-third of the total ration may be made up of cottonseed meal. If it is
likely that the last period will be extended over more than twenty-one days,
the proportion of cottonseed meal should be cut down to one-fifth or one-
sixth of the whole ration, and the finishing period extended not beyond five
weeks in all.

A Remedy for Cottonseed Meal Poisoning.

BY W. A. WITHERS.

I presume that it will not be necessary in the presence of so many good,
practical farmers to devote much time to the discussion of the danger which
accompanies the feeding of cottonseed meal to swine in large amounts, and
for very long periods

Many of you no doubt know from sad experience that sometimes a fine
porker fed upon cottonseed meal has been found dead in the morning which
appeared perfectly well the previous evening. Sometimes this unfortunate
ending may be anticipated from the refusal of the animal to consume the feed.
On the other hand, some pigs seem to be highly immune and can eat the meal
for long periods and without harmful effects, apparently.

The Bulletin. 59

The symptoms of cottonseed meal poisoning which generally have been
observed may be briefly stated as follows: When the pig begins to refuse
cottonseed meal, he usually shows very rapid, short, shallow breathing, an
anaemic condition which shows in the paleness of the mouth, skin and else-
where, imperfect vision, and even blindness, and a weakening of the muscles
of the legs. If the pig is exercised very violently, death usually ensues
quickly. A post-mortem examination always shows an (Edematous condition
of the lungs, and sometimes there is inflammation of the digestive tract.

Many investigators in America and abroad have studied the problem with
a view to ascertaining the cause of toxicity and means for overcoming it.
The various theories which have been advanced as to what the poisonous
substance is, have all been discarded. Lest you throw aside as erroneous the
explanation and remedy which we have to offer, I shall endeavor, without
going too much into the technical side, to give you an outline of the steps
involved in our work, so that you may know the facts which we observed and
draw your own conclusions from them.

These experiments were conducted jointly by the Chemical, Veterinary, and
Animal Husbandry Divisions of the Agricultural Experiment Station. As
Belgian hares, or rabbits, are killed by cottonseed meal in about two weeks,
our preliminary experiments were conducted with them instead of with swine,
as it takes about twelve weeks to kill the latter. There is also a saving in
expense by using the hares.

A feed may be deleterious or harmful to an animal from several causes:
(1) from purely mechanical action such as stopping the intestines, lacerating
them, etc.; (2) by not having in it the constituents which are necessary for
maintaining the life of the animal; or (3) by having in it some true poison,
that is some substance which may be taken into circulation in the blood of
the animal and thereby interfere with the physiological processes of the body.
We may quickly dismiss the idea of injury in a mechanical way, as there has
not been an indication of stoppage of the intestines or of irritation by me-
chanical means. The remedy for an incomplete or improperly balanced feed
would be to increase the missing constituent, and the remedy for a poison
would be to remove it before feeding or to change it into an insoluble form so
that it would be inert in the body of the animal.

Coming back to the symptoms exhibited by the animals fed on the cotton-
seed meal, we find that they compared fairly well with those exhibited by
animals that have had some soluble sulphide added to their feed. These pro-
duce death by acting upon the blood, and diminishing its power of carrying
oxygen until death ensues. Some soluble iron salt naturally suggests itself
as an antidote. In our experiments with rabbits, we fed one gram of cotton-
seed meal daily for each 100 grams of live weight. This corresponds to one
pound daily for each 100 pounds of live weight of swine, or 10 pounds daily
for each 1,000 pounds of live weight of beef or dairy cattle. This will be
recognized as rather heavy feeding. The meal was mixed with molasses to
make it more palatable. Green feed was given one each day in the form of
cowpea vines or cabbages. The rabbits were confined in galvanized iron
cages, so as to keep them under close observation.

We began feeding five rabbits with the cottonseed meal. At the end of 14
days, two had died, one was sick, and all had lost in weight. At that time
we began adding a solution of citrate of iron and ammonia to the feed. The
sick rabbit recovered and all three rabbits gained in weight for the next 14
days, at which time the experiment was discontinued. We took another rab-
bit which had only eaten 75 grams of cottonseed meal during five weeks and
added iron solution to his feed. This rabbit at once began to eat the meal,
and after the first week continued to eat all the meal supplied him and
gained in weight for five weeks, at which time the experiment was stopped.
These four rabbits testify that an iron salt will make them well after they
have been made sick by cottonseed meal.

We took 22 rabbits and fed them with cottonseed meal at the rate referred
to, and all died after an average of 13 days, some of them going as early as

60 The Bulletin.

the sixth day and only one enduring so long as 22 days. These 22 rabbits
show that cottonseed meal is poisonous.

We began feeding 8 rabbits the same amount of cottonseed meal with
all the conditions the same as above, except that an iron salt was
added to the feed. We fed 3 of them 64 days, 3 of them 91
days, and 2 of them 106 days, and discontinued the experiment.
Each of them remained normal during the whole period, and each ate all the
cottonseed meal given. The iron salt enabled them to withstand any dele-
terious effects of the cottonseed meal, from three to five times as long as the
hardiest rabbit could endure the meal without the iron salt. Clearly these 8
rabbits testify to the fact that iron salt kept the meal from making them sick.

We took 3 rabbits that had eaten all the meal given to them for 64 days
when an iron salt was mixed with it, and had remained normal during the
whole period. At that time we ceased adding flie iron salt to their feed.
After a few days some of them began to refuse some of their feed, and all of
them died in 23 days. Here 3 rabbits testify that an iron salt will make
cottonseed meal harmless, and if taken from the feed the meal begins to
show its harmfulness.

To sum up these experiments, 27 rabbits show the poisonous effects of cotton-
seed' meal and 12 show the efficiency of an Iron salt in preventing or over-
coming its poisonous properties, and in each case the conclusion was clear
and unmistakable.

Of course the practical herdsman is not interested in what may happen to
rabbits, if the results apply to them alone. The question is, what about
swine, or cattle, or sheep? We have not yet been able to undertake to test
the efficiency of the iron as an antidote to cottonseed meal if fed to cattle
or horses, but we have made some tests with swine. Twelve pigs
weighing an average of 50 pounds each were taken and placed in two separate
lots, each in a pen to himself. We began feeding to each daily one-half pound
of cottonseed meal and 1% pounds of corn meal. To one-half of the animals
we gave in addition a solution of an iron salt. The feed was increased as
the animals grew. No green feed was given, and the animal got only such
exercise as was possible in a small pen. These conditions are not the best,
of course, but we wished to make a severe test. On today,* which is thirteen
weeks from the beginning of the experiment, four out of the six pigs receiving
the cottonseed meal without an iron salt are dead. The other two have made
an average gain of only 35 pounds and do not have a very thrifty appear-
once. On the other hand, the six pigs which received an iron salt with the
cottonseed meal have gained an average of 54 pounds, or nearly half as much
again as the straight cottonseed meal pigs. The pigs receiving the iron salt
are in the best of condition.

Based upon these results, iron salt appears to be of value in diminishing, if
not entirely preventing, the harmful effects to swine of cottonseed meal feed-
ing, provided that feeding is not in excess of the rate of one pound of meal
daily to each 100 pounds of live weight. It may be of value if the feeding is
in larger amounts, but we prefer to confine our statements to the experiments
already performed by us. Should an animal refuse his feed, if given cotton-
seed meal and an iron salt, I would suggest that the cottonseed meal be with-
held from the feed for a few days, until the appetite of the animal returns,
and then the meal feeding may be resumed. I should continue the feeding
of the iron salt.

I have purposely withheld until the last, directions as to preparing and
feeding the iron solution. The directions are so simple that one may easily
remember them. Dissolve one pound of copperas (ferrous sulphate) in a
barrel (about fifty gallons) of water. For each pound of cottonseed meal
take one gallon of the solution, mix thoroughly daily for each 100-pound pig.

*0n October 29, 1913, which is twenty-two weeks after the beginning of this experiment, five of the
six pigs consuming cottonseed meal without copperas are dead, but all six of the pigs receiving cop-
peras with the cottonseed meal are alive, gaining in weight, and apparently without any ill effects
from the cottonseed meal.

The Bulletin. 61

If the pig weighs only 50 pounds, use half the amount of cottonseed meal and
one-half of the copperas solution.

Reorgauizing the Farm.

J. M. JOHNSON.

A system of management which will give greater returns for labor and
capital invested in farming in the Piedmont section of the South is needed.
It is the western half of North Carolina in which this paper takes greatest
interest. It is the agriculture in the section extending westward from the
main line of the Seaboard Air Line Railway that shall be considered. In
this section, according to the figures given in the 1910 census, the average
farm grew crops annually to the value of $457.00. A study of farm soils,
farm equipment, including implements and work stock, and of methods and
practices in tillage, convinces one that the yields and values of the crops
grown should be much higher than those represented in the census report.
When the facts that one-third of the land classified as improved farm land is
doing absolutely nothing in the line of growing valuable crops, and that only
about one-fifth of the area under tillage gives annual harvests worth $20.00
or more per acre, while the crops on two-fifths are worth only $12.00 per
acre and on two-fifths the crops are worth less than $8.50 per acre, is con-
sidered, the importance of a better system is recognized.

This system should give more acres of the crops of high value and fewer
of those of lower. It should not eliminate crops already grown success-
fully; neither should it depend upon the introduction of new or untried ones.
It should contain nothing of a doubtful nature. It should if possible offer
opportunity of utilizing 100 per cent of the improved land in crop growing
and in many cases perhaps make farming profitable enough to justify the
clearing up or reclaiming good lands now in woods and thus make the farms
large enough to allow of improved methods of tillage and so forth. The
system should allow the average work animal kept on these farms to do
more days of profit-bearing work per year than at the present.

In order that such a system of management and reorganization may be sug-
gested it may be well to review conditions and practices as existing in 1909
and as yet practically unmodified throughout the Piedmont area.

For careful study we shall take the four counties, Chatham, Randolph,
Davidson and Rowan, constituting the heart of western North Carolina, and
having the soil and climatic conditions peculiar to the great stretch of Pied-
mont country from Virginia southward. The value of crops per farm in
these counties is about 5% per cent above the average for the Piedmont
section of the State. Some farmers are making good profits, while others ar?
losing money and a great many are practically meeting expenses, but return-
ing no profits.

The lessons drawn from this study will be applicable in the western half
of North Carolina, and, the writer believes, in the Piedmont section of the
southeast.

In Chatham County in 1909 there were 3,646 farms with an average of
33.8 acres of improved land and 70.8 acres of unimproved land per farm;
23.3 acres of the improved land was planted to crops. These crops were
worth $439.00 per farm. Ten acres of improved land per farm was uncultiva-
ted. The cultivated land grew crops to the value of $18.85 per acre. Had
the 10 acres of improved land which was not planted been occupied in grow-
ing crops of only average value, the income on each farm should have been
increased $188.50, or for the county, $687,271.00.

On the farms in the county were 5,301 work horses and mules. This is an
average of 1.45 head of work stock for each farm, or one work animal for
each 16 acres in crops. Had the entire 33.3 acres been planted there would
have been one work animal for every 22.9 acres to be cared for.

()'2 The Bulletin.

In Randolph County there were .4,011 farms averaging 36.1 acres of im-
proved and, 71.9 acres of unimproved land per farm. Of the improved land
22.92 acres per farm were planted to crops which produced a cash value
of $396.14 or $17.23 for each acre planted. There was an average of 13.18
acres of improved land per farm in this county unplanted. Had this pro-
duced only average crops the income per farm should have been increased
$227.09 or for the county $910,858.00.

Randolph County had 6,462 head of work horses and mules, which is
equivalent to 1.61 per farm or one for every 14.25 acres planted or for every
22.4 acres of improved land.

Davidson County reports 3,505 farms with an average of 41.9 acres of im-
proved and 52.6 acres of unimproved land. Of the improved land 27.2 acres
is planted to crops which yield a value of $502.17 per farm or $18.46 per
acre cropped. There remains 14.7 acres of improved land, per farm, unplanted.
Had this been devoted to crops yielding harvests of only average value per
acre the income per farm should have been increased $269.36, or for the
county $944,106.00.

In Davidson County there are 5,900 work horses and mules. This is 1.68
work animals for each farm or one such animal for every 16.2 acres cropped,
or for 24 9 acres of improved land.

Rowan County has 3,241 farms with 44.1 acres of improved land and 45.1
acres of unimproved per farm. Of the improved land 32.9 acres per farm
is planted in crops which give a harvest worth $617.95 or $18.78 for each
acre planted. There remains 11.2 acres of improved land, per farm, un-
planted. Had this made crops in value equal to the average of the cropped
land, there should have been added to the income of each farm the sum of
$210.33, or for the county this increase should amount to $681,679.53.

From figures given it seems a system of farming which would allow the
utilization of every acre of improved farm land in the counties considered
should add to the income of the average farm as follows: Chatham County,
$188.50; Randolph, $227.09; Davidson, $269.36, and Rowan, $210.33, or a sum
total of nearly three and a quarter million dollars for the four counties.

Is it possible for the farmers to reorganize their business on a basis to
allow of such an increase in income without a corresponding growth in out-
lay or in operating expense?

In laying the foundation for the answer to this question a further study
of present farm organiztaion embracing cropping systems now followed is
necessary.

In Chatham County the average farm of 33.3 acres of improved land has
10.38 acres in corn; 3.8 in cotton; 5.04 in wheat; 2.13 in oats; .75 in hay and
1.22 in miscellaneous crops including tobacco. The average acre in cotton is
worth $30.00, while that in corn is worth $12.00, wheat $7.00, oats $6.00, hay
$22.00.

In Randolph County the average farm or 36.1 acres of improved land has
10.33 acres in corn, .44 in cotton, 7.39 in wheat, 1.70 in oats and 1.95 in hay.
The average acre in cotton is worth $25.00; that in corn is worth $12.00; that
in wheat f9.00; that in oats $7.00; in hay $20.00.

In Davidson County the average farm of 41.9 acres of improved land has
9.27 acres in corn; 1.66 in cotton; 8.80 in wheat; 2.01 in oats and 3.88 acres
in hay. An acre of cotton is worth $24.00, while corn is worth $12.00, wheat
$9.00; oats, $6.00, and hay, $25.00.

In Rowan County the average farm of 44.1 acres of improved land has
11.25 acres in corn; 6.1 in cotton; 7.15 in wheat; 3.05 in oats, and 4.17 acres
in hay. Cotton is worth $24.00 per acre; corn $12.00, wheat $8.00, oats
$7.00, hay $24.00.

The four counties under review have 14,403 farms. These farms average
38.6 acres of improved land. The unimproved land in farms averages 60.9
acres per farm. There are 1.65 work animals (horses and mules) per farm.
Were the entire 38.6 acres devoted to farm crops, including hay plants, the

The Bulletin. 63

average work animal would have 23.4 acres to care for. Under the condi-
tions and practices prevailing in 1909 these farms had only 24.92 acres each
devoted to crops. This means that the average work animal cared for 15.1
acres of land. Should the farmers expect more than this from one horse?
Can they get more than this amount of productive work from each horso
kept? These are points to be considered.

The crop system followed on the average of these farms called for 10.14
acres in corn and 2.87 acres in cotton; by adding .99 of an acre for miscel-
laneous spring planted crops to the above, there would be 14 acres of land
per farm requiring breaking and preparing for spring planting. If this
breaking is done with one-horse plows it should require from 16 to 20
days for one horse. All the harrowing given should not require more than
four days. Laying off rows and putting down fertilizers should not take
more than six days work for one horse. Six days again for bedding and
planting brings the horse work on the 14 acres up to 36 days at the time the
last seed goes into the ground. The time required to cultivate these crops
should not exceed five days for one horse each time they are gone over. If
they are worked five times in the course of the spring and summer a maxi-
mum of 25 days for a horse will be required after the crops are planted and
by the time they are laid by. A liberal allowance at harvest and market
time should call for not to exceed 10 days of horse work. Thus in making
14 acres of cultivated crops as grown per farm in 1909 may possibly demand
71 days of work for one horse.

This farm, though, has 7.1 acres in wheat, 2.2 in oats and 2.6 acres in hay;
or a fraction less than 12 acres in all these crops. Pall preparation and
planting is called for in case of the wheat and better yields may be expected
from fall planted, oats. These two crops occupy 9.3 acres. Allowing 20 days
for one horse on wheat and oats and 9 days on the 2.6 acres in hay, we
get a total of 100 days of horse work actually required in taking care of all
the crop work on the average of these farms.

The farm has 1.65 work animals to do 100 days work per year. This
means that the average work animal (horse or mule) does only 60 days of
farm M'ork per year. Is it reasonable to expect more than this from him?
Will it pay his owner to exact more days work and more acres cultivated for
each horse or mule?

Fortunately we have records on a number of farms in the Piedmont sec-
tion of North Carolina which throw some light on this point. Let us look
to one of these farms. On this farm we find 288 acres of crops grown; corn
100 acres; cotton 75; wheat 50, hay and miscellaneous crops making up the
rest. Ten head of work stock taking care of all this, or an average of 28.8
acres for each horse or mule on the place. After every expense, including
interest on the investment, is paid, this farm shows a clear profit of $2,900, or
$290 00 profit for each head of work stock used. Other farms, some much
smaller, show proportionately as good results.

It is reasonable to expect more than 60 days work from each horse or
mule kept on the farm in the Piedmont section of North Carolina as well as
other southern states. It should pay the farmer to exact more days of
productive work from the work stock, and thereby make a greater quantity
of valuable crops.

The farm should be organized to allow each head of work stock to care
for a minimum of 23 acres of land in crops of commercial value. Such a
system should call for not less than 100 days wor\ per year from each head
of work stock kept. In all probability the farm would be more profitable if
150 days of work at productive enterprises could be exacted from each
horse. The South may not be ready for such a system at the present, but
her farmers should begin to plan for it and gradually grow to it.

'Doubtless it is more difBcult to organize a small farm on the better basis
than a large one. It is not easy to get more than 75 days of work annually
for a horse at profitable enterprises on farms as now organized and grow

64 The Bulletin.

from 15 to 16 acres of cultivated crops for each work animal kept. When
these farms become organized on a basis calling for two-horse teams, with
from 45 to 50 acres in cultivated crops per team, it will be an easy matter
to get from 100 to 120 days of profit earning work for each head of work
stock. The diflBculties standing in the way of such organization are more
apparent than real. The average farm no whas 23.4 acres of improved
land per work animal. The system proposed will require the utilization of
all this land. On a great number of farms only one horse is kept at the
present. It will be wise for men working sucn places to exchange teams
with one another a few days at the periods of heavy work, especially such
as breaking land and harrowing it and also at harvest time. This will give
each farm the advantages of a better prepared soil and the more efficient
methods of cultivating and harvesting. Where two or more horses are
already kept, these should be hitched into the double teams and used with
bigger plows and other machinery necessary for good farming.

The organization of a two-horse farm having 50 acres of improved land
may be as follows: 12 acres in cotton, 12 in corn and 12 in small grain,
using wheat on a part and oats on the remainder, but proportioning the
acreage of the respective grains to the needs and demands of the farm. The
small grain should be followed by a crop of peas for hay. About 4 acres for
all miscellaneous crops, and 10 acres for grass for hay and if there is no
other grazing land a part of the grass may be used for pasture. For the
one-horse farm the acre to each crop may be reduced proportionately.

The 24 acres for corn and cotton will be to plow after fall crop work is
out of the way and before time to plant in the spring. After the land is
plowed it should be harrowed, then the rows are to be layed off, fertilizers
applied and perhaps in many cases bedded before planting.-

A two-horse team with a turn plow will break approximately 1.75 acres
in a day. Thus it may require 14 days to break the 24 acres. Another four
days will be needed to do the harrowing. Six days with two horses should
open all rows and put down the fertilizers. Six days again should do the
bedding and planting. Cultivating these crops an average of five times
should require not more than 35 days of horse work. Harvesting and hous-
ing the corn and cotton will require not more than one day of horse work
per acre or 24 days for handling both crops. Allowing 12 days for all
extra horse work, we have the 24 acres of corn and cotton made at an en-
penditure of 131 days horse work.

The horse work required in caring for the 12 acres in small grain followed
by peas for hay should not exceed 4 days per acre, or 48 days for the two
crops. Allowing 25 days of horse work on the four acres of miscellaneous
crops and 20 days on the permanent hay and pasture lands, we have a sum
total of 223 days of horse work required on the 50-acre farm organized on the
suggested basis. This is 111.5 days work for each horse instead of 60 days
as by the system prevailing on the same farms in 1909 and which has not
been greatly modified in recent years.

IMPORTANCE OF PROPOSED SYSTEM.

Under the system prevailing during the past few years the farmer cultiva-
ted 24.92 acres of land with 1.65 head of work stock and grew crops to the
value of $482. Or one horse does the work on 15.1 acres, making crops worth
|277. The average farm has 13.7 acres of improved land doing nothing,
while 60.9 acres remain unimproved. The proposed system calls for the
utilization of all the improved land in profit producing enterprises It will
also call for bringing under cultivation of from 12 to 15 acres of the most
fertile of the unimproved lands and the cultivating of this reclaimed acreage
in valuable crops.

The Bulletin. 65

Allowing the yields and values per acre of the respective crops to remain
in years to come the same as in the past, let us see how the earning of the
farm is affected:

Cotton, 12 acres, @ $26.40 $ 316.80

Corn, 12 acres, @ $12.00 144.00

Small grain —

10 acres in wheat, @ $9.00 per acre 90.00

2 acres in oats, @ $6.00 per acre 12.00

Pea Hay, 12 acres, @ $20 per acre 240.00

Grass Hay, 10 acres, @ $23.38 per acre 233.80

Total, 46 acres crops value $1,036.60

These figures are based on the supposition that the change in system would
not tend to increase yield per acre of any of the crops now grown. This
assumption is not entirely correct, as it is well known that a change from
one-horse to two-horse farming, especially when accompanied by more liberal
use of cow peas and other legumes in the rotation, is followed by increased
yields from each and every crop grown. Increased yields with prices re-
maining stationary means increased income for the farm.

Under the system proposed the corn yields should average double what
they are under the present. Cotton should be influenced in a like manner.
Small grain yields should be increased from 50 to 100 per cent. Hay should
make a very material increase.

After the proposed system has been in operation for a period of five years,
the better farms of the two-horse or 50-acre class should show incomes of
from $750 to $1,000 after all expenses are paid.

To some it may seem that there is too much land devoted to cotton for
the amount of labor available at chopping and picking times. If conditions
are not favorable to this portion of the land in cotton, it may be reduced
without materially affecting the income, provided the right crops are sub-
stituted. The avera^'e acre of cotton under prevailing conditions is worth
$26.40, while an acre of hay is worth $23.38. If half the cotton land be
planted to hay crops of only average value, the farm income suffers a reduc-
tion of $18.12. The saving in labor and fertilizer would in all probability
overbalance the difference in the value of the cotton dropped and the hay
added to the cropping system.

Unless . the yields of small grain and corn increase very materially, their
acreage should not be increased, and it may be advisable to quit growing
wheat and oats for grain, but to handle these as cereal hay crops. In either
case every acre growing the wheat, oats or other small grain as a hay or
grain crop should be planted to peas or other summer growing legumes as
soon as possible after grain or cereal hay crops have been harvested. The
summer grown crop of peas or other legumes may be harvested for hay, or
if soil conditions and the needs of the farm are such as to justify they may
be plowed under and thereby increase the yields of other crops in the
pasture.

The secret of success lies in keeping all the tillable land busy in growing
valuable crops and to have enough tillable land to give the teams profitable
employment as many days as possible during the year. The cropping sys-
tem should be such as to keep the available labor employed on profitable
enterprises during as many months in the year as possible.

INDEX

PAGF

State Board of Agriculture 2

OflBcers and staff 2

Letter of transmittal 3

Report of Farmers' Institutes, 1913 5

Explanation of premiums offered at women's institutes 5

Schedule of institutes held 6

Lecturers and subjects 11

County and local Farmers' Institute organizations 13

Chairmen of county and local committees ■ 13

Officers State Farmers' Convention 17

Women's Institutes, 1913 18

Schedule of institutes held 19

Lecturers and subjects 23

County and local women's organizations 24

Program for Normal Institutes 29

Eleventh annual State Farmers' Convention and Round-up Institute 31

Program of Farmers' Convention 33

Program of Housewives' Convention 34

Some Things I have Found Helpful in My Home 35

The Country Home 40

Pin Money Possibilities on the Farm 41

It Pays to Think 43

Factors That Will Enter Largely into the Betterment of North Carolina

Agriculture 44

"Variations in High Yielding Varieties of Cotton 46

Feeding Hogs in North Carolina 52

A Remedy for Cottonseed Meal Poisoning 58

Reorganizing the Farm 61

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR NOVEMBER, 1913.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 24,954,002

Pounds sold for dealers 1,173,148

Pounds resold for warehouses 1,324,539

Total 27,451,689

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RAI^EIGH '^ H V

'^HK

^^H

^"^iL.^i,

Vol. 35, No. 2. FEBRUARY, 1914 Whole No. 193

VARIETY TESTS OF CORN

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the PostoflSce at Raleigh, N. C, as second cl:isa matter.
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

!•'. 1'. Latham Belhaven Pii'st District.

K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District.

R. L. WOODARD Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

\. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

WiLf.iAM Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

W. J. ShufORD Hickory Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

EILIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sar.\h D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PicKEL, Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

L. L. Brinkley Assistant Chemist.

* W. E. Hearn Soil Survey.

■1. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist.

S. O. Perkins Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

W. H. Strowd Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart Assistant Chemist.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, JR Entomologist.

C. L. MetcaIjF Assistant Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT Horticulturist.

S. B. Sh.wv Assistant Horticulturist.

R. G. HiLii Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sloan Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

t Alvin J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming.

JE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

tC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

JT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

t A. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

JMrs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Girls' Clubs.

JMiss Margaret Scott Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. Puckett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swanna-

noa, N. C.
E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

*Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

fAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agri-
culture.

tin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agri-
culture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Major W. A. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

Dear Sir: — I am sending you herewith a manuscript discussing m
a brief way the results of the variety test work done with corn on the
Test Farms and at different points in the State during the past season.
This work has been carried out according to plans made and inaugu-
rated by J. L. Burgess, Agronomist in Cereal Investigations. The tables
and other data have been arranged and the report written by G. M.
Garren, assistant Agronomist in Cereal Investigations.

I recommend the publication of the manuscript as the February

Bulletin.

Respectfully submitted,

C. B. Williams,
Chief, Division of Agronomy.

VARIETY TESTS OF CORN FOR 1913

By G. M. Gakken. Assistant in Cereal Investigations.

Ilercwitli is submitted the tables of the results of the annual tests of
varieties of corn on the different Test Farms. This year there were six
tests made, one each on the Buncombe Farm, the Iredell Farm, the
Central Station at Raleigh, the farm of the Tobacco Station at Oxford,
the Edgecombe Farm, and on land adjoining the black land farm at
Winona. A severe storm September 3d so injured the crop at Winona
that the results were lost altogether. Owing to an accident only a few
of the varieties at the Oxford Station Avere saved and only partial data
on these were possible. The weights of the cobs from the bushels of
shelled corn were lost and this almost ruined the entire results. The
yields of bushels of shelled corn per acre, upon which the rating of
the varieties are based, were found by dividing the pounds of ears per
acre by 70, the standard commercial number of pounds of ears of dry
corn required to shell one bushel, instead of the actual number of
pounds, found by weighing the corn when harvested, as was used in all
the other tables. This gives, therefore, only an approximation instead
of actual yields.

The tables in form are the same as those published in previous issu^g':
of the Corn Bulletin. They are, therefore, by this time fairly intelli-
gible to all interested readers.

Under given conditions the largest yield of corn depends upon three
things : the number of stalks on the land, the number of ears on the
stalks, and the size and shape of the ears. By size and shape of ears is
meant their shelling capacity, not mere bulk. Any attempt to supply
artificially either one of these elements when defective or lacking alto-
gether, destroys field conditions, under which all such tests have to be
conducted to be of practical value. The only one of these elements that
any reasonable attempt can be made to supply when lacking is that ©I.
stand. Perfect stands are almost unknown. Sometimes the stand oi
one variety is almost perfect ; another along side of it very poor. Obvi-
ously it is very difficult to make a fair comparison of yields with such
unequal stands. An effort has been made in the fourth column under
head of "Yields Per Acre" to overcome this difficulty. Here the yields
per acre have been calculated on the basis of a perfect stand. It is a
mere calculation but gives a fair working idea of the actual differences
in yields among the varieties. At the Buncombe Farm the stand was
made perfect by supplying the missing stalks from another part of the
/ plat. Obviously this method takes no note of whether the supplied
stalks had the average number of ears or whether the ears were the
average size. ISJ'either does it take note of the average per cent of barren

6 The Bulletin.

stalks. It is less reliable than the calculation methods. Like the latter,
it only aids one to get an idea of the real differences in yields of the
varieties when the stand is abnormal.

In Table I are recorded the results at the Buncombe Test Farm.
The weights of the shelled bushels of corn are very low, far below the
standard. The growing season in the mountains this year was unusually
short. The frost struck the corn before it fully matured. Hence it is
light and chaffy. Boone County, Whitson, Brooks' Pride, Golden Pro-
lific, and White Majestic are the five highest yielders. Boone County
and Whitson have the same rank. Whitson has fewer barren stalks and
therefore really ranks first. It is a native corn and thoroughly accli-
matized.

The results at the Iredell Farm are recorded in Table II. Only 26
varieties were tested and upon the whole it was the most satisfactory
test of the whole year. Weekly's Improved, with 36 barren stalks out
of a total of 281, ranked first in yield. It had been improved for two
years in the grain-breeding work of the Division of Agronomy, and
came from Selection No. 35, made in 1910. Being acclimatized and
improved by seed selection explains in large part its high yield. Golden
Prolific, Southern Beauty, Weekly's Improved (South Carolina grown)
and Sanders' Improved make up the five highest yielders in this test.

The results at the Central Station at Raleigh are recorded in Table
III. A larger number of varieties than at any of the other stations
were tested here. First rank was taken by First Generation of Cross
No. 182. This variety, along with several others, was furnished by the
Bureau of Plant Industry at Washington. These varieties are desig-
nated by number and may be so recognized. This is the second year
these varieties have been tested in the State, and the first time any one
of them has taken the lead. Biggs' Seven Ear, one of the best prolific
corns for Eastern Carolina, takes second place. Cocke's Prolific, an-
other most excellent variety for Eastern Carolina, comes third. Golden
Prolific and Marlboro's Prolific (Tennessee grown) make up the five
highest yielders.

Table IV contains the results of the test at the Edgecombe Farm.
Here the per cent of ears to stover is unusually high. The corn was
blown down by the September storm and was not harvested till late in
the season. Consequently all the stover was practically destroyed except
the bare stalks. This is especially true of the early maturing varieties.
Batts' Four Ear (Georgia grown). Weekly's Improved (JSTorth Caro-
lina grown), Latham's Double, Weekly's Improved (South Carolina
grown), and Parker's Prolific, all prolific varieties, are the five leading-
varieties in this test.

In Table V are found the results of the test on the farm of the Oxford
Tobacco Station. Here Parker's Prolific, Cocke's Prolific, and Biggs'
Seven Ear, the three leading prolific varieties of Eastern Carolina, and
Hickory King and First Generation of Cross No. 182, two single-eared
varieties, make the five highest yielders. But on account of a different
and less accurate method of computation as noted above, this table is
less reliable than any of the others.

The Bulletin. 7

In Tables VI and VII are the compiled results of the tests of seven
varieties for five years on the Iredell and Edgecombe Farms. When-
ever a variety maintains the lead for five or more years, one is safe in
concluding that that variety is well adapted to the locality in Avhich it
was grown. Any farmer living in the vicinity of the Iredell and Edge-
combe farms can plant a pure acclimatized strain of Weekly's Improved
or Biggs' Seven Ear, the leading variety of these respective farms, with
a reasonable certainty of obtaining maximum results, so far as variety
influences those results.

The Bulletin.

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16 The Bullethst.

VARIETIES OF CORN AND SOURCES OF SEED SEASON OF 1913.

Variety Sources of Seed

1. Biggs' Seven Ear Noah Biggs Scotland Neck, N. C.

2. Gerrick's Prolific Bui-eau of Plant Industry. . .Washington, D. C.

3. Cross No. 182 Bureau of Plant Industry. . .Washington, C. D.

4. Cross No. 177 Biu-eau of Plant Industry. . .Washington, D. C.

5. Cross No. 176 Bui'eau of Plant Industry. . .Washington, D. C.

6. Selection No. 164 Bureau of Plant Industry. . .Washington, D. C.

7. Selection No. 170 Bureau of Plant Industry . . .Washington, D. C.

8. Parker's Prolific T. B. Parker Raleigh, N. C.

9. Southern Beauty L. A. Stroupe Tobaccoville, N. C.

10. Goodman's Prolific J. K. Goodman Mt. UUa, N. C.

11. Hickory King A. O. Lee Hickory, Va.

12. Columbia Beauty T. W. Wood & Sons 'Richmond, Va.

13. Batts' Four Ear (Ga.) W. T. Broome McBean, Ga.

14. Weekley's Improved (Native)

Selection No. 35 Iredell Test Farm Statesville, N. C.

15. Cocke's Prolific Edgecombe Test Farm. . . . Rocky Mount, N. C.

16. Weekley's Imroved (S. C.) J. F. Weekley Ulmers, S. C.

17. E-l-Corn Coker & Company Hartsville, S. C.

18. Marlboro Prolific R. T. Malone Capleville, Tenn.

19. Eureka T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va.

20. Summerour D. A. Summerour Marietta, Ga.

21. Boone County T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond Va.

22. Blount's Prolific T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va.

23. Jarvis' Golden ProUfic J. M. Jarvis Winston-Salem, N. C.

24. Latham's Double F. P. Latham Belhaven, N. C.

25. Craig's Red Cob Prolific W. R. Craig Sanford, N. C.

26. Simpkins' Prohfic Summerset Farm Co Creswell, N. C.

27. E-lXE-5 Bybred Com Coker & Company Hartsville, S. C.

28. Beaton's Favorite Chas. Deaton Carthage, N. C.

29. Crook's Prolific Corn Crook Bros Huron, Tenn.

30. Raleigh Prolific S. J. Betts Raleigh, N. C.

31. Batts' Four Ear (N. C.) J. F. Batts Garner, N. C.

32. Shenandoah White Dent T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond Va.

33. White Majestic T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va.

34. Improved Southern Snow

Flake T. W. Wood & Sons Richmond, Va.

35. Brook's Pride Bureau of Plant Industry. . . Washington, D. C.

36. Rogers' White Dent Bureau of Plant Industry. . .Washington, D. C.

37. Chappel Bureau of Plant Industry. . .Washington, D. C.

38. Selection No. 181 Bureau of Plant Industry. . .Washington, D. C.

39. Selection No. 138 Bureau of Plant Industry. . .Washington, D. C.

40. Selection No. 120 Bureau of Plant Industry. . .Washington, D. C.

41. Farley Yellow Dent Bureau of Plant Industry. . . Washington, D. C.

42. Smith's Yellow Dent (Winona

Farm) J. C. McClung Kyle, Ohio

43. Whitson C. P. Whitson Swannauoa, N. C.

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

LIBRARY

RALEIGH ^^^' v.^jiK

BOTAi\'{CAL

Vol. 35, No. 3. MARCH, 1914. Whole No. 194.

I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS— FALL SEASON, 1913.
II. REGISTRATION OF FERTILIZERS.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of March 6, 1900.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

W. A. Graham, CommLssioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

K. W. Bahnes- Lucama Second DLstrict.

R. L. Wood ARD Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott ....Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

Wn,LiAM Bledsoe Gale -.Eighth District.

W. J. Shttford Hickory Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF.

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent. •

B. W. KILGORE ':_. State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiCKEL Feed Chemist.

W. G. HArwooD Fertilizer Chemist.

L. L. Brinklet Assistant Chemist.

*W. E. Hearn Soil Survey.

J. Q Jackson Assistant Chemist.

J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist.

S. O. Perkins Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar - - Assistant Chemist.

W. H. Strowd Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart Assistant Chemist.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY-. .Curator of Museum.

T. W. AdickeS- ■ Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

C. L. Metcalp Assistant Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. Flowe Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

W.N. HUTT Horticulturist.

S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARIvER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sloan Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist.

Miss S. D. Allen_._ Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron. 1 Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

fALViN J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming.

JE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

tC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

JT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

JA. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Corn Club Work.

tMRs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Girls' Clubs.

JMiss Margaret Scott Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

R. W. Scott, Jr., Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. Pdckett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farms, Oxford, N. C.

'Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

Jin cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Ealeigh, ]Sr. C, February 15, 1914.
Hon. W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

Sir: — I submit herewith analyses of fertilizers made in the labora-
tory of samples collected during the past full. These analyses show fer-
tilizers to be about as heretofore, and to be, generally, what was claimed
for them. I recommend that it be issued as the March Bulletin.

Very respectfully,

B. W. KiLGORE,

Approved for printing: State Chemist.

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner.

I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS— FALL SEASON, 1913.

By B. W. KILGORE,
W. G. HAYWOOD, J. Q. JACKSON, E. S. DEWAR, and E. B. HART.

The analyses presented in this Bulletin are of samples collected by
the fertilizer inspectors of the Department, under the direction of the
Commissioner of Agriculture, during the fall months of 1913. They
should receive the careful study of every farmer in the State who uses
fertilizers, as by comparing the analyses in the Bulletin with the
claims made for the fertilizers actually used, the farmer can know by
or before the time fertilizers are put in the ground whether or not they
contain the fertilizing constituents in the amounts they were claimed to
be present.

TERMS USED IN ANALYSES.

Water-soluhle Phosphoric Acid. — Phosphate rock, as dug from the
mines, mainly in South Carolina, Florida, and Tennessee, is the chief
source of phosphoric acid in fertilizers.

In its raw, or natural state, the phosphate has three parts of lime
united to the phosphoric acid (called by chemists tri-calcium phosphate).
This is very insoluble in water and is not in condition to be taken up
readily by plants. In order to render it soluble in water and fit for
plant food, the rock is finely ground and treated with sulphuric acid,
which acts upon it in such a way as to take from the three-lime phos-
phate two parts of its lime, thus leaving only one part of lime united
to the phosphoric acid. This one-lime phosphate is what is known as
water-soluble phosphoric acid.

Reverted Phosphoric Acid. — On long standing some of this water-
soluble phosphoric acid has a tendency to take lime from other sub-
stances in contact with it, and to become somewhat less soluble. This
latter is known as reverted or gone-back phosphoric acid. This is
thought to contain two parts of lime in combination with the phos-
phoric acid, and is thus an intermediate product between water-soluble
and the original rock.

"Water-soluble phosphoric acid is considered somewhat more valuable
than reverted, because it becomes better distributed in the soil as a con-
sequence of its solubility in water.

Available Phosphoric Acid is made up of the Avater-soluble and re-
verted ; it is the sum of these two.

Water-soluhle Ammonia. — The main materials furnishing ammonia
in fertilizers are nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, cotton-seed meal,
dried blood, tankage, and fish scrap. The first two of these (nitrate of

6 The Bulletin.

soda and sulphate of ammonia) are easily soluble in water and beoome
well distributed in tbe soil where plant roots can get at them. They
are, especially the nitrate of soda, ready to be taken up by plants, and
are therefore quick-acting forms of ammonia. It is mainly the ammonia
from nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia that will be designated
under the heading of water-soluble ammonia.

Organic Ammonia. — The ammonia in cotton-seed meal, dried blood,
tankage, fish scrap, and so on, is included under this heading. These
materials are insoluble in water, and before they can feed plants they
must decay and have their ammonia changed, by the aid of the bacteria
of the soil, to nitrates, similar to nitrate of soda.

They are valuable then as plant food in proportion to their content
of ammonia, and the rapidity with which they decay in the soil, or
rather the rate of decay, will determine the quickness of their action as
fertilizers. With short season, quick-growing crops, quickness of action
is an important consideration, but with crops occupying the land during
the greater portion, or all, of the growing season, it is better to have
a fertilizer that will become available more slowly, so as to feed the
plant till maturity. Cotton-seed meal and dried blood decompose fairly
rapidly, but will last the greater portion, if not all, of the growing sea-
son in this State. While cotton seed and tankage will last longer than
meal- and blood, none of these act so quickly, or give out so soon, as
nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia.

Total Am,monia is made up of the water-soluble and organic; it is
the sum of these two.

The farmer should suit, as far as possible, the kind of ammonia to
his different crops, and a study of the forms of ammonia as given in
the tables of analyses will help him to do this.

VALUATIONS.

To have a basis for comparing the values of different fertilizer mate-
rials and fertilizers, it is necessary to assign prices to the three valu-
able constituents of fertilizers — ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash.
These figures, expressing relative value per ton, are not intended to
represent crop-producing power, or agricultural value, but are estimates
of the commercial value of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash in the
materials supplying them. These values are only approximate (as the
costs of fertilizing materials are liable to change, as other commercial
products are), but they are believed to fairly represent the cost of mak-
ing and putting fertilizers on the market. They are based on a careful
examination of trade conditions, wholesale and retail, and upon quota-
tions of manufacturers.

Relative value per ton, or the figures showing this, represents the
prices on board the cars at the factory, in retail lots of five tons or less,
for cash.

The Bulletin. 7

To make a complete fertilizer the factories tave to mix together in
proper proportions materials containing ammonia, phosphoric acid and
potash. This costs something. For this reason it is thought well to
have two sets of valuations — one for the raw or unmixed materials, such
as acid phosphate, kainit, cotton-seed meal, etc., and one for mixed fer-
tilizers.

The values used last season were:

VALUATIONS FOR 1913.

In Unmixed or Raw Materials.

For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4 cents per pound.

For phosphoric acid in bone meal and Peruvian Guano. 3% cents per pound.

For phosphoric acid in basic slag 4 cents per pound.

For nitrogen 19i^ cents per pound.

For potash 4 cents per pound.

In Mixed Fertilizers.

For phosphoric acid 4^^ cents per pound.

For nitrogen 21 cents per pound.

For potash 5 cents per pound.

HOW RELATIVE VALUE IS CALCULATED.

In the calculation of relative value it is only necessary to remember
that so many per cent means the same number of pounds per hundred,
and that there are twenty hundred pounds in one ton (2,000 pounds).

With an 8-2-1.65 goods, which means that the fertilizer contains avail-
able phosphoric acid 8 per cent, potash 2 per cent, and nitrogen 1.65
per cent, the calculation is made as follows:

-r^ ■ -inr. TT, Vttlue Per Value Per Ton,

Percentage or Lis. in 100 Lis. ^^^ ^^^ ^,000 Lbs.

8 pounds available phosphoric acid at 41/2 cents... 0.36 X20= $ 7.20

2 pounds potash at 5 cents 0.10 X20= 2.00

1.65 pounds nitrogen at 21 cents 0.347X20= 6.95

Total value 0.817X20= $16.14

Freight and merchant's commission must be added to these prices.

The Bulletin.

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The Bulletin,

25

17.79
22.00
21.91
13.93

15.04

7.10
4.00
4.14
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Ararat

North Wilkesboro
Burlington

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special High Grade Pot-
ash Mixture.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Bone and
Ground Tobacco Stems.

Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va

Brand claiming

Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va

Brand claiming..

Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va

3402
3130
3352

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11.12
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12.03
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10.51
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10.42
10.59
11.17
11.20
12.10
11.67
11.31

12.C0
12.22
13.77
13.36
13.00
13.90
14.37
15,04
13.31
13.24
13.14
13.24
13.02
13.24
13.96
14.00
15.12
14.59
14.14

Burlington

Winston

Winston

Ether

Salisbury

Denton

Mocksville

Mocksville

North Wilkesboro
North Wilkesboro

Lexington

Newsom

Hillsboro

Statesville

Billsboro

Maiden

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Royster's

Acid Phosphate.
J. G. Tinslfey & Co.'s Acid Phosphate...

Travers & Co.'s Capitol Dissolved Bone

Eagle Brand Acid Phosphate

Diamond Soluble Bone.

Dissolved Bone Phosphate

Acid Phosphate

Swift's Harrow Standard Grade Acid

Phosphate.
Union Dissolved Bone

Allison & Addison's I. X. L. Acid Phos-
phate.

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Acid
Phosphate.

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Double Bone
Phosphate.

Zell's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Armour's Star Phosphate

Conestee High Grade Acid Phosphate..

Brands claiming

Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va

...do

....do

Brands claiming

Etiwan Fertilizer Co., Charleston, S. C.

Robertson Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va

Royster. F. S., Guano Co., Norfolk, Va

Swift Fertilizer Works, Wilmington, N. C

Union Guano Co., Winston, N. C

Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va

....do

...do

Brands claiming

American Agricultural Chemical Co., New

York, N. Y.
Armour Fertilizer Works, Greensboro, N. C

Conestee Chemical Co., Wilmington, N. C

3353
3121
3301

3062
3295
3212
3404
3122
3300
3412
3274
3087
3323

3391
3354
3171

26

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H

BRANDS REGISTERED— SEASON 1914.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Acme Manufacturing Co., Wilmington, N. C. —

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Acme High Grade Acid Phosphate

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Melon Grower

Acme Bone and Potash

Acjne Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Square Deal Fertilizer

Acme Square Deal Fertilizer for Tobacco

Acme Cotton Grower

Acme Premo Guano

Pumpelly's Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Acme Special Fertilizer for Cotton

Acme Special Fertilizer for Tobacco

B. & C. Co.'s Special Fertilizer

Acme Plumb Good Fertilizer

Acme Plumb Good Fertilizer for Tobacco

Acme "OK" Fertilizer

Acme "OK" Fertilizer for Tobacco

Quick Step Fertilizer

Quick Step Fertilizer for Tobacco

Acme Crop Grower

Currie's High Grade Fertilizer

Acme Crop Grower for Tobacco

Best's Fish Scrap Guano for Tobacco

Best's Fish Scrap Guano

Pee Dee Special Fertilizer

Pee Dee Special for Tobacco

Acme 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano

Acme 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano for Tobacco

Acme Plant Food

Acme Fertilizer for Tobacco

Acme Plant Food for Tobacco

Acme Fertilizer

Acme Merito Mixture

Tip Top Crop Grower

Tip Top Tobacco Grower

Latimer's Complete Fertilizer

Acme Standard Guano

Best's Complete Fertilizer

Cotton-seed Meal Guano

Gem Fertilizer

Cotton-seed Meal Guano for Tobacco

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

16.00

-^

• • • •

14.00

■ • ■ •

• • > •

12.00

• a . .

6.00

12.00

• • • •

5.00

12.00

■ • • •

4.00

12.00

■ * . •

3.00

12.00

• • • •

2.00

11.00

• • • •

6.00

11.00

• . • •

5.00

11.00

....

4.00

11.00

....

3.00

11.00

....

2.00

10.00

3.30

5.00

10.00

• • • ■

6.00

10.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

> > • ■

4.00

10.00

• • • •

3.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.25

1.65

2.00

9.25

1.65

2.00

9.00

2.27

2.00

9.00

.82

3.00

8.00

4.12

8.00

8.00

4.12

7.00

8.00

4.12

7.00

8.00

3..30

6.00

8.00

3.30

6.00

8.00

3.30

6.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.06

4.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

The Bulletin.

31

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Gem Fertilizer for Tobacco

Acme Special Grain Fertilizer

Acme Bone and Potash.

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Root Crop Guano

Acme Standard Truck Guano

Jefferson Cotton Grower

Acme High Grade Guano

Acme Truck Grower

Acme Corn Guano

Dried Ground Fish

Acme Special 4-10-4 Guano

Clark's Corn Guano

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Ground Blood

Acme Top Dresser

Cotton-seed Meal

Cotton-seed Meal

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

High Grade German Kainit 16 Per Cent

Genuine German Kainit

American Agricultural Chemical Co., Baltimore,
Greensboro, and Neiv York — ■

A. A. C. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Superphosphate. . .

Canton Chemical 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate.

Detrick's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Lazaretto 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Zell's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Lazaretto 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Canton Chemical 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate.

Detrick's XXtra Acid Phosphate

Zell's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Zell's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Detrick's H. G. Bone and Potash

Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash

Zell's Sterling High Grade

Lazaretto Sure Crop Compound

Champion Cotton Fertilizer

Excelsior Alkaline Bone

Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash

Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot-
ash

Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone

Zell's Bone and Potash

Lazaretto Alkaline Bone

Detrick's Bone and Potash

Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot-
ash

A. A. C. Co.'s Top Notch Special

^Zell's Royal High Grade Fertilizer

Detrick's Superior Animal Bone Fertilizer . . .

Canton Chemical Animal Bone Fertilizer. . . .

Zell's Victoria Animal Bone Compound

Lazaretto Retriever Animal Bone Fertilizer.

Zell's Empire Cotton Compound

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
4.50
4.00
1.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

1.65
1.65

4.12
4.12
2.47
4.94
3.30
2.47
7.81
8.25
6.58
20.56
14.81
11.51
7.40
6.17
6.17

2.00
2.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
7.00
5.00
4.00
8.00
8.00
3.00

4.00
10.00

3.00

48.00
48.00
16.00
12.00

16.00

, ,

. . . .

16.00

, ,

. • • •

16.00

• •

• • • ■

16.00

. ,

• ■ • •

16.00

, ,

• • • •

14.00

, ,

. . . •

14.00

, ,

• • • •

14.00

, ,

• • ■ •

14.00

, ,

• • ■ ■

13.00

, ,

• > > >

12.00

5.00

12.00

^ ,

5.00

10.00

3.2J

) 4.00

10.00

3.2<

) 4.00

10.00

2.4^

I 3.00

10.00

, ,

5.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

, ,

4.00

10.00

> •

2.00

10.00

, ,

2.00

10.00

2.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

2.4^

r 7.00

9.00

2.0(

5 2.00

9.00

1.8E

5 4.00

9.00

1,81

) 4.00

9.00

1.8E

> 4.00

9.00

l.Sf

> 4.00

9.00

1.61

> 3.00

32

The BuLLETiisr.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Zell's Hustler Phosphate

Mogul Fertilizer

Pacific Guano for Tobacco

Reese's Potato and Truck Special

Zell's Popular Tobacco Manure

Detrick's Kangaroo Komplete Kompound Spe-
cial High Grade

Lazaretto Carolina Cotton Food

A. A. C. Co.'s Palmetto C. S. M. Compound..

Canton Chemical Bono Tobacco Fertilizer...

Zell's Economizer Cotton Food

A. A. C. Co.'s Excelsior Compound for To-
bacco

Detrick's Gold Eagle Cotton Compound

Detrick's Kangaroo Komplete Kompound for
Tobacco

Lazaretto King of the Harvest

Zell's Tobacco Fertilizer

Canton Chemical Homestead Protector

Canton Chemical Gladiator Cotton Fertilizer.

A. A. C. Co.'s Eureka Cotton-seed Meal Com-
pound

Detrick's Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Canton Chemical Baker's Tobacco Fertilizer.

Canton Chemical Superior High Grade Fer-
tilizer

Detrick's Victory Cotton Fertilizer

Detrick's Kangaroo Komplete Kompound
Bright Tobacco Grower

Lazaretto Carolina Tobacco Fertilizer

Detrick's Kangaroo Komplete Kompound for
Cotton

Zell's Bright Tobacco Grower

Zell's Reliance High Grade Manure

Lazaretto New Rival Cotton Fertilizer

Lazaretto Special Tobacco and Potato Fertil-
izer

Lazaretto Challenge Fertilizer

Canton Chemical CCC Special Compound

Detrick's Vegetator Ammoniated Superphos-
phate

Zell's "Square Deal" for Tobacco

Slinglufif's British Mixture

Excelsior Bone Compound

Square Deal Phosphate

Savage, Son & Co.'s Brand Purity Guano

Dawson's Crop Maker

Triumph Soluble Guano

Canton Chemical Baker's Fish Guano

Canton Chemical Game Guano

Detrick's Royal Crop Grower. . . . ".

Detrick's Fish Mixture

Lazaretto Crop Grower

Zell's Special Compound for Tobacco

Zell's Calvert Guano

Zell's Fish Guano

Reese's Pacific Guano

Detrick's Rival Tobacco Compound

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

3.00

8.50

2.47

2.50

8.00

3.29

7.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

6.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.50

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

The Bulletin,

33

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Detrick's Complete Compound for Grain and

Grass

The A. A. C. Co. Fidelity Grain Grower

Lazaretto Peanut Grower

A. A. C. Co.'s Regal Crop Grower

Palmetto Alkaline Phosphate

Lazaretto Early Trucker

A. A. C. Co.'s Blood, Bone and P'ish Com-

' pound

Lazaretto Truckers' Favorite

Lazaretto Empire Trucker

A. A. C. Co.'s Nitrate of Soda

A. A. C. Co.'s Baltimore Top Dresser

A. A. C. Co.'s Muriate of Potash

A. A. C. Co.'s Genuine German Kainit

American Agricultural Chemical Co., Dixie Guano
Branch, Spartanburg, S. C. —

Dixie Acid Phosphate

Dixie Acid Phosphate

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Blood, Bone and Potash

Dixie Money Maker Fertilizer

Dixie Blood, Bone and Potash

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Cotton Grower

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Grain Grower

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Beats All Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Blood and Bone

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Farmers' Favorite

Dixie Corn Grower

Dixie Special Corn Mixture

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Potato Fertilizer

Dixie Lawn Grower

Dixie Special Garden Grower

Dixie Top Dresser

American Agricultural Chemical Co., Farmers Fer-
tiliser Works, Spartanburg, 8. C. —

Red Rooster Acid Phosphate

Red Rooster Acid Phosphate

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00 ■

1.03

4.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

.82

3.00

8.00

• • • ■

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

7.00

3.29

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

6.00

4.11

7.00

• • • •

15.00

• • • •

7.41

3.00
49.00

....

....

12.00

16.00

14.00

....

. . . •

13.00

....

6.00

12.00

....

6.00

10.00

3.30

4.00

10.00

3.30

2.00

10.00

2.47

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

2.47

2.00

10.00

1.85

3.00

10.00

1.65

8.00

10.00

1.65

4.00

10.00

1.65

3.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

.82

5.00

10.00

* • • •

6.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • a •

2.00

9.20

1.65

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

4.12

7.00

8.00

3.30

8.00

S.OO

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

....

4.00

7.00

3..30

5.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

5.00

5.77

3.00

16.00

• • • •

14.00

• • • •

....

13.00

• • • •

6.00

34

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Blood, Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Money Maker Fertilizer

Red Rooster Blood, Bone and Potash Fertil-
izer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Cotton Grower

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Grain Grower

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Blood and Bone

Red Rooster Beats All Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fa rmers' Favorite Fertilizer . . .

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Corn Grower

Red Rooster Special Corn Mixture

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Top Notch C. S. M. Compound

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Potato Fertilizer

Red Rooster Special Garden Grower

Red Rooster Lawn Grower

Red Rooster Top Dresser

Amer'ican Agricultural Chemical Co., Homestead
Fertilizer Branch, Spartanburg, S. C. —

Homestead Acid Phosphate

Homestead Acid Phosphate

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Blood, Bone and Potash

Homestead Money Maker Fertilizer

Homestead Blood, Bone and Potash

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Cotton Grower

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Grain Grower

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Beats All Fertilizers

Homestead Fertilizer

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

12.00

• ■ • •

6.00

10.00

3..30

4.00

10.00

3.30

2.00

10.00

3.30

. . • •

10.00

2.47

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

2.47

2.00

10.00

1.85

3.00

10.00

1.65

8.00

10.00

1.65

4.00

10.00

1.65

3.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

.82

5.00

10.00

• • • •

6.00

10.00

■ ■ ■ ■

4.00

10.00

■ ■ ■ •

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

4.12

7.00

8.00

3.30

8.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

1.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• • • ■

4.00

7.00

3.30

5.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

5.00

5.75

3.00

16.00

■ ■ • •

• • ■ •

14.00

■ • ■ •

• • • •

13.00

• ■ • •

6.00

12.00

■ • • •

6.00

10.00

3.30

4.00

10.00

3.30

2.00

10.00

2.47

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

2.47

2.00

10.00

1.85

3.00

10.00

1.65

8.00

10.00

1.65

4.00

10.00

1.65

3.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

.82

5.00

10.00

• • « •

6.00

10.00

• • ■ •

4.00

10.00

■ > ■ *

2.00

9.20

1.65

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

The Bulletin.

35

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Homestead Fertilizer

Home.stead Blood and Bone

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Farmers' Favorite

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Corn Grower

Homestead Special Corn Mixture

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Potato Fertilizer

Homestead Special Garden Grower

Homestead Lawn Grower

Homestead Top Dresser

American Fertiliser Co., Norfolk, Va. —

American Nonpareil Tobacco Grower

The Armour Fertilizer Works, Atlanta, Chicago,
Wilmington, and Greensboro —

Bone Meal' Total

Armour's Raw Bone Meal Total

17 Per Cent Acid Phospliate

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Star Phosphate 14 Per Cent

Acid Phosphate

Golden Grain Grower

13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Phosphate and Potash

Phosphate and Potash

12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Fertilizer, No. 1134

Sampson Corn Mixture

Fertilizer, No. 1015

Fertilizer, No. 1044

Fertilizer, No. 10.33

Fertilizer, No. 1025

Fertilizer, No. 1023

Armour's Wheat Grower

Ammonia ted Dissolved Bone and Potash . . .' .

Special Mixture

Phosphate and Potash

Phosphoric Acid and Potash

Superphosphate and Potash

Acid and Potash

Phosphate and Potash, No. 1

Armour's Tobacco Champion

African Cotton Grower

Johnson's High Grade

Forsyth County Tobacco Special

Armour's Bright Tobacco Grower

Bone and Dissolved Bone with Potash

' Fertilizer, No. 913

Armour's Phosphate and Potash

Tobacco Fertilizer

Standard Cotton Grower

Bone, Blood and Potash

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

9.00.

2.47

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

4.12

7.00

8.00

3.30

8.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

1.00

S.OO

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

7.00

3.30

5.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

5.00

5.77

3.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

24.00

2.47

22.00

3.70

17.00

• • •

16.00

• • ■

14.00

...

....

14.00

• • •

13.00

4.00

13.00

' • • •

....

12.00

• • ■

6.00

12.00

...

5.00

12.00

• • ■ •

11.00

2.4'

4.00

11.00

. . .

5.00

10.00

3.3(

) 5.00

10.00

3.3(

) 4.00

10.00

2.4'

r 3.00

10.00

IM

) 5.00

10.00

IM

) 3.00

10.00

1.6f

) 2.00

10.00

l.Ql

) 2.00

10.00

1.0c

5 6.00

10.00

■ • ■ •

6.00

10.00

• • •

5.00

10.00

• • •

4.00

10.00

■ • .

3.00

10.00

■ ■ .

2.00

9.00

2.4^

3.00

9.00

2.41

3.00

9.00

2.0f

) 5.00

9.00

2.0^

) 3.00

9.00

1.61

) 3.00

9.00

1.61

) 3.00

9.00

.8S

! 3.00

9.00

• • • •

3.00

8.50

1.6.^

i 2.00

8.50

1.61

) 2.00

8.00

4.11

7.00

36

The Bulletin.

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufa<fturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Young's Special 8.00

Van Lindley's Special 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 846 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 844 8.00

Special Trucker 8.00

Truck and Berry Special 8.00

Armour's 836 for Tobacco 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 836 8.00

Special for Tobacco 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 835 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 834 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 833 8.00

Underwood's Favorite 8.00

Cotton Special 8.00

Tobacco Special 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 832 . 8.00

Berry King 8.00

Gold IMedal for Tobacco 8.00

• Sweet Potato Special 8.00

Champion 8.00

Kins Cotton 8.00

Slate's Tobacco Special 8.00

High Grade Potato 8.00

Fruit and Root Crop Special 8.00

Stokes & Co. Tobacco Special 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 825 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 824 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 823 8.00

Carolina Cotton Special 8.00

Slaughter House for Tobacco 8.00

Armour's Slaughter House Fertiliser 8.00

General 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 815 8.00

Fertilizer. No. 814 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 813 8.00

Phosphate and Potash, No. 2 8.00

Phosphate and Potash, No. 3 8.00

Fertilizer, No. 758 7.00

7 Per Cent Trucker 6.00

5 Per Cent Trucker 6.00

Manure Substitute ' 6.00

Armour's Velvet Leaf 6.<J0

10 Per Cent Trucker 5.00

Top Dresser 5.00

Armour's Top Dresser 4.00

Special Formula for Tobacco 4.00

Harvey's Special 4.00

Harris Electric Top Dresser 2.00

Armour's Top Dresser

Armour's Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Blood

10 Per Cent Tankage

Cotton-seed Meal

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Kainit

Nitrogen. Potasli.

4.11
4.11
3.30
3.30
3.30
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
1.85
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
.82
.82
.82

4.11
5.76
4.11
3.30
2.47
8.23
8.23
6.18
3.30
3.30
8.23
7.83
7.40
20.00
14.81
13.16
8.23
6.18

3.00
2.00
6.00
4.00
4.00

10.00
6.00
6.00
5.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
4.00

10.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
5.00
4.00
8.00
5.00
7.00
4.00
7.00
3.00
2.00
2.50
5.00
4.00
3.00
4.00
3.00

50.00
50.00
12.00

The Bulletin.

37

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Avail.

Phos. Nitrogen.

Acid.

Potasli.

Geo. L. Arps cC- Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Arps' H. G. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Arps' 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Arps' 10 and 2 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Arps' "Go-a-Head" Guano for Trucks, Cotton

and Tobacco 8.00

Arps' Quiclc Growth for All Crops 8.00

Arps' Premium Guano for Cotton, Tobacco,

and All Spring Crops 8.00

Arps' Big Yield Guano 8.00

Arps' Standard Truck Guano 7.00

Arps' Potato Guano 6.00

Arps' Scuppernong Guano for Trucks 6.00

Arps' H. G. Top Dresser

Genuine German Kainit ....

Ashepoo Fertiliser Co., Charleston, S. C. —

High Grade Ashepoo Dissolved Phosphate... 16.00

H. G. Bradley's Dissolved Phosphate 16.00

High Grade Ashepoo Acid Phosphate 14.00

H. G. Bradley's Acid Phosphate 14.00

Standard Bradley's Acid Phosphate 13.00

Standard Quinnipiac Acid Phosphate 1.3.00

Standard Ashepoo Acid Phosphate 13.00

H. G. A.shepoo Bone and Potash 12.00

Standard Ashepoo Acid Phosi)hate and Potash 12.00

Standard Eutaw Acid Phosphate and Potash. 12.00

Standard Bradley's Acid Phosphate 12.00

Standard Ashepoo Acid Phosphate 12.00

Standard Eutaw Acid Phosphate 12.00

Standard Ashepoo Potash and Acid Phos-
phate 11.00

Standard Eutaw Potash Acid Phosphate 11.00

High Grade Ashepoo Watermelon Guano.... 10.00

H. G. A.shepoo Cantaloupe Guano 10.00

H. G. Ashepoo Fruit Fertilizer 10.00

High Grade Bradley's Guano 10.00

H. G. Ashepoo Fertilizer 10.00

High Grade Ashepoo Superpotash Acid Phos-
phate 10.00

H. G. Bradley's Pota.sh Acid Phosphate 10.00

H. G. Eutaw Superpotash Acid Phosphate... 10.00

Standard Bradley's Wheat Grower 10.00

Standard Enoree Acid Phosphate and Potash. 10.00

Standard Ashepoo Fertilizer 9.00

Standard Eutaw Fertilizer 9.00

Standard B. D. Sea Food Guano 9.00

Standard Bradley's Patent Superphosphate.. 9.00
Standard Quinnipiac Pine Island Ammoniated

Superphosphate 9.00

Standard Cumberland Bone Superphosphate

of Lime 9.00

, Standard Americus Ammoniated Bone Super-
phosphate 9.00

Standard Eutaw Guano 9.00

Standard Eutaw XX Guano 9.00

Standard Ashepoo Guano 9.00

■ • • •

4.00

—

2.00

3.30

4.00

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

4.12

5.00

5.76

5.00

4.12

7.00

8.22

3.00

• • ■ •

12.00

3.29
2.46
1.65
1.65
1.65

1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85

1.85

1.85

2.00
1.00
1.00

1.00
1.00
5.00
10.00
6.00
4.00
2.00

4.00
4.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

1.00

1.00

1.85

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

38

The BuLLETiisr.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Standard Soluble Pacific Guano

Standard Ashepoo Guano

Higli Grade Bradley's Guano

High Grade Ashepoo Guano

High Grade Eutaw Special Cotton-seed Meal
Guano

High Grade Eutaw Fertilizer

High Grade Bradley's Guano

High Grade Pacific Fertilizer

High Grade Ashepoo Cotton Fertilizer

High Grade Ashepoo Bird and Fish Guano. .

High Grade Ashepoo Meal Mixture

High Grade Ashepoo Golden Tobacco Pro-
ducer

High Grade Ashepoo Fertilizer

Standard Ashepoo Meal Guano.

Standard Ashepoo Guano

Standard Eutaw Guano

Standard Ashepoo Fertilizer

Standard Bradley's Guano

Standard Brownwood Potash Acid Phosphate.

Sulphate of Ammonia

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

German Kainit

Atlanta Milling Co., Atlanta, Ga. —

Cotton-seed Meal

The Atlantic Chemical Corporation, Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Acco Thomas Phosphate Total

Atlantic High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos-
phate

Atlantic 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Atlantic Dissolved Bone

Atlantic Corn Special

Atlantic Acid Phosphate

Atlantic 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. .
Atlantic 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. .
Atlantic 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. .

Atlantic Bone and Potash for Grain

Atlantic Bone and Potash Mixture

Acco Tobacco Compound

Atlantic Meal Compound

Atlantic Cotton Grower

Corona Cotton Compound

Atlantic Special Guano

Atlantic Grain Guano

Atlantic Fish Guano

Atlantic Special 1-9-2 Guano

Atlantic 4-8-5 Special Tobacco Grower

Atlantic Special Truck Guano

Oriental High Grade Guano t

Paloma Tobacco Guano

Pitt County Light Tobacco Special

Boone's Special

Atlantic High Grade Tobacco Guano

Avail.
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.46

4.00

8.00

2.46

4.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

2.46

2.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• . • •

4.00

• • • •

14.81

• • • •

• • • •

■ ■ • •

45.00

• • • •

■ • ■ •

45.00

• • ■ •

• ■ • •

12.00

7.50

21.50

3.71

• ■ - •

18.00

16.00

....

14.00

• • ■ •

....

13.00

• • ■ ■

■ • . .

12.00

1.02

2.00

12.00

> ■ • •

. . ■ •

11.00

• • ■ •

5.00

10.00

• ■ > •

5.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • ■ •

3.00

10.00

■ • • •

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.27

2.00

9.00

2.06

1.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.30

5.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

The Bulletin.

39

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Atlantic High Grade Cotton Guano

Atlantic Tobacco Grower

Atlantic Tobacco Compound

Atlantic Special Wheat Fertilizer

Atlantic Soluble Guano

Atlantic Soluble Guano for Tobacco

Apex Peanut Grower

Atlantic 8 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture . .
Atlantic 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture . .

Atlantic 7 Per Cent Truck Guano

Atlantic Potato Guano . .,

Perfection Peanut Grower

Atlantic Special Potato Guano

Atlantic 2-6-5 Special

Atlantic Side Dresser

Atlantic Special Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Atlantic Top Dresser

Cotton-seed Meal

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Atlantic Fertiliser Co., Atlanta, Ga. —

Atlantic Acid and Potash Mixture H. G.
Atlantic Acid and Potash Mixture H. G.

Baltimore Fertiliser Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Honest Acid Phosphate

Honest Acid Phosphate

Honest Bone and Potash

Honest 4-8-5

Honest Sweet Potato Grower

Honest Cotton Grower

Honest Ammonia ted Bone

Honest Dixie Trucker

Honest Trucker

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

8.00.

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

6.00

6.00

4.00

4.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

2.47
2.06
2.06
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.02

5.77
4.12

4.12
1.65
8.22
6.18
15.22
7.42
6.17

3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
5.00
4.00
7.00
5.00
5.00
7.00
5.00
4.00
2.50

3.66

48.00
48.00
12.00

12.00

• ■ ■ ■

6.00

10.00

5.00

16.00

14.00

•

• ■ • ■

10.00

• • . •

2.00

8.00

3.20

5.00

8.00

2.40

4.00

8.00

2.40

3.00

8.00

1.00

2.00

6.00

4.00

7.00

6.00

4.00

5.00

Baugh <£ Sons Co., Phila., Pa., and Norfolk, Va.- — •

Baugh's Raw Bone Meal, Warranted Pure,
Total

Baugh's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Baugh's Pure Bone and Muriate of Potash
Mixture Total

Baugh's High Grade Acid Phosphate

Baugh's Pure Dissolved Animal Bones

Baugh's 12 and 5 Phosphate and Potash

Baugh's High Grade Cotton and Truck Guano

Baugh's 10 and 8 Phosphate and Potash....

Baugh's 10 and 4 Phosphate and Potash Mix-
ture

Baugh's Soluble Alkaline Superphosphate —
, Baugh's Grain and Grass Grower

Baugh's H. G. Potato Grower

Baugh's Fish, Bone and Potash

Baugh's Yucatan Special Tobacco Guano

Baugh's Fruit and Berry Guano

21.50

3.70

• ■ • •

16.00

15.00

2.47

5.00

14.00

• ■ • •

....

13.00

2.06

....

12.00

....

5.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

8.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.30

10.00

8.00

3..30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

40

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Bangh's Special Tobacco Guano

Baugh's Grand Rapids High Grade Guano...

Baugli's Sweet Potato Guano for Sweet Po-
tatoes

Baugh's High Grade Tobacco Guano

Baugh's Complete Animal Base Fertilizer...

Baugh's Fish Mixture

Baugh's Animal Base and Potash Compound
for All Crops

Baugh's Wheat Fertilizer for Wheat and
Gra ss

Baugh's Southern States Excelsior Guano...

Baugh's Southern States Guano for Bright
Tobacco

Baugh's Potato and Truck Special

Baugh's Strawberry Mixture

Baugh's Fine Ground Fish Total

Baugh's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano

Baugh's P. P. P. Plentiful Potato

Baugh's Peruvian Guano Substitute for Pota-
toes for All Vegetables

Baugh's Farmers' Friend Guano

Baugh's New Process 10 Per Cent Guano

Baugh's Special Potato Manure

H. G. Tankage Total

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Fine Ground Dried Blood

Baugh's Soluble Top Dresser for All Crops . .

Muriate of Potash '

High Grade Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

The Berkley Chemical Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Ground Bone Total

Resolute Acid Phosphate

Berkley Acid Phosphate

Berkley 12-5 Bone and Potash

Berkley Bone and Potash Mixture ^

Berkley Plant Food

Laurel Potash Mixture

Monitor Animal Bone Fertilizer

Select Crop Grower

Victory Special Crop Grower

Berkley H. G. Tobacco Grower

Berkley Tobacco Guano

Advance Crop Grower . .'

Brandon Superphosphate

I.iong Leaf Tobacco Grower

Berkley Peanut and Grain Grower

. Superior Bone and Potash

Mascot Truck Guano

Royal Truck Grower

The Leader of the World

Berkley Top Dresser

Nitrate of Sofia

Dry Ground Fish

Special Top Dresser

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

S.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

3.00

7.00

2.88

7.00

7.00

2.88

7.00

7.00

2.47

5.00

6.87

8.23

. . > ■

6.00

5.76

5.00

6.00

4.94

6.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

5.00

8.23

2.50

5.00

1.65

10.00

4.00

6.58

• ■ • •

• a • •

20.57

• • • •

• • • •

15.63

....

• • • •

13.17

• • . .

• • • •

8.23

3.00

• • • ■

• • « •

50.00

• • • •

• • • •

48.00
12.40

20.00

3.70

16.00

• • • •

• • • ■

14.00

• ■ ■ •

• • • .

12.00

• • • •

5.00

11.00

• • • •

2.00

10.00

• • ■ •

4.00

10.00

• > • •

2.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

8.50

2.06

2.50

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

8.00

• ■ • *

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

5.00

3.29

5.00

4.00

8.23

2.00

. • • •

15.00

• • • «

■ • • <

8.23

• a ■ .

■ • • •

7.41

3.00

The Bulletin.

41

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen. Potash.

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Beta Fertilizer Co., Beta, N. C. —

Beta Grass and Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Beta Potato and Truck 8.00

Beta Fertilizer 8.00

Beta Special Corn Grower 8.00

Beta Special Cotton 8.00

Beta Regulator Corn Grower 8.00

Beta Special Lawn 4.00

8. T. Beveridge cf- Co., Richmond, Va. —

Beveridge's Raw Ground Bone Meal. . . .Total 20.00

Beveridge's Thomas or Basic Slag Total 20.00

Beveridge's Thomas or Basic Slag Total 17.00

Blaclcstone Guano Co., Inc., Blackstone, Va. —

Clover Leaf 16 Per Cent Phosphate 16.00

Bone and Phosphate Half and Half 15.00

Bla. G. Co., Inc., Acid Phosphate 14.00

Clover Leaf for Grain 13.00

Dissolved Bone 10.00

B. G. Co., Inc., Bone and Potash 10.00

B. G. Co., Inc., Bone and Potash 10.00

Blackstone Special for Tobacco 9.00

Old Belief onte 8.00

Clover Leaf for Tobacco 8.00

Tobacco Special 8.00

Wrapper Bi-and 8.00

.Tim Crow for Tobacco 8.00

Belief onte 8.00

Hard Cash for Tobacco 8.00

Carolina Special for Tobacco 8.00

Standard Guano 8.00

Red Letter for Tobacco 8.00

Alliance for Tobacco 8.00

Leader for Tobacco 8.00

Peanut Special 8.00

Material for Special Order

Bowke)- Fertiliser Co., Baltimore, Md., and Boston,
Mass. —

16 Per Cent Dissolved Bone Phosphate 16.00

Bowker's Soluble Phosphate 14.00

Golden Harvest Fertilizer 12.00

Imperial Alkaline Phosphate 10.00

Superphosphate w^ith Potash for Grass and

Grain 10.00

Animal Bone Fertilizer 9.00

Blood, Bone and Fish 8.00

^Sure Crop Cotton-seed Meal Comjiound 8.00

Bowker's Red Oak Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Bowker's White Star Compound 8.00

Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Eureka Cotton Compound 8.00

• * • •

49.00

. . . .

48.00

. . . .

12.00

2.00

4.00

7.00

4.00

4.00

3.00

5.00

3.00

3.00

2.00

2.00

2.U0

2.00

3.70

1.65

1.03

1.00

1.03

1.00

• • • ■

4.00

• ■ > ■

2.00

2.47

3.00

8.30

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.03

6.00

4.95

• ■ • •

. . . .

5.00

4.00

2.00

1.85

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

7.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

42

The Bulletin.

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Excelsior C. S. M. Mixture 8.00

Empire Standard 8.00

Corn and Grain Grower 8.00

Soutliern Special Compound 7.00

Bowker's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano 6.00

H. G. Top Dresser ....

BoyJcin Chemical and Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Boykin Top Dresser ....

H. P. Brown Guano Co., Salisbury, N. C. —

Brown's Ground Rock Phosphate Total 28.00

Brown's 21i^-4i4 Bone Meal 21.05

Brown's 20-12 Bone and Potash 20.00

Brown's 20-8 Bone and Potash 20.00

Brown's Thomas Phosphate 17.00 to 19.00

Brown's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Brown's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Brown's Dissolved Animal Bone 13.00

Brown's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 13.00

Brown's 12-6 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12-6 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12-4 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12-3 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 12.00

Brown's 11-5 Bone and Potash 11.00

Brown's 10-4-4 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-3-3 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-2-2 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-l%-6 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-6 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-5 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-4 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-3 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-2 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 9-3-3 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-2%-2 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-214-4 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-2-3 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-1-3 Guano 9.00

Brown's 8-4i^-7 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-41/2-7 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-4-6 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-4-6 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-4-4 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-5 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-5 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-3 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-3 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-21/2-3 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-21/2-3 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2%-2 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-21/2-2 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-10 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-3 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-2 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-2 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-1-4 Guano 8.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

4.00

3.29

5.00

5.76

5.00

7.41

3.00

7.41

3.70

2.06

3.29
2.47
1.65
1.03

2.47
2.26
1.85
1.65

.82
3.71
3.71
3.29
3.29
3.29
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.06
2.06
2.06
2.06
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65

.82

.00

12.00

8.00

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00

5.66
4.00
3.00
2.00
6.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
7.00
7.00
6.00
6.00
4.00
5.00
5.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
10.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
4.00

The Bulletin.

43

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Brown's 8-1-3 Guano

Brown's 8-5 Bone and Potash.
Brown's 8-4 Bone and Potash.

Brown's 7-7-7 Guano

Brown's 7-5-8 Guano

Brown's 7-5-5 Guano

Brown's 7-4-5 Guano

Bi-own's 4-71/4-2 Top Dresser .

Brown's Fish Scrap

Brown's Nitrate of Soda

Brown's Dried Blood

Brown's 12 Per Cent Kainit.

Brown's Top Dresser

Brown's Cotton-seed Meal . . .
Brown's 7 Per Cent Tankage
Brown's Muriate of Potash .
Brown's Sulphate of Potash

C.

J. Burton Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Burton's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate.
Burton's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate.
Burton's Alkaline

Potash Mixture

High Grade Tobacco

Best

Queen

Burton High Grade

Burton's Butcher Bone

Burton's
Burton's
Burton's
Tobacco

Caraleigh Phosphate and Fertilizer Works,
Raleigh, N. C—

Raw Bone Meal Total

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Climax Dissolved Bone

Sterling Acid Phosphate

Staple Acid Phosphate

Home <& Son's High Grade Bone and Potash.

Special Bone and Potash Mixture

Morris & Scarboro's Special Bone and Potash.

Electric Bone and Potash Mixture

Pacific Tobacco and Cotton Grower

Rhamkatte Special Tobacco Guano

Special 8-4-4

Caraleigh Meal and Tankage Mixture

Horue's Best

Eclipse Ammoniated Guano

Caraleigh Formula for Tobacco

Planter's Pride

Caraleigh Special Tobacco Guano

Eli Ammoniated Fertilizer

Crown Ammoniated Guano

Comet Guano

Buncombe Corn Grower

, Buncombe Wheat Grower

Caraleigh Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Blood

Kanona Tankage

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

8.00
8.00
8.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
4.00

Nitrogen.

.82

5.76

4.12

4.12

3.29

8.17

8.24

15.00

13.00

12.00

7.40

6.17

5.76

Potash.

3.00
5.00
4.00
7.00
8.00
5.00
5.00
2.00

3.00

48.00

48.00

16.00

• • • a

....

14.00

. . . •

• ■ • •

10.00

■ > • •

4.00

10.00

• • ■ •

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

45.00

3.70

....

16.00

• • • •

• • • <

14.00

• • • >

13.00

> • • •

• • • .

12.00

. . • .

• ■ • •

11.00

• • ■ ■

5.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • • •

3.00

10.00

• • • a

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.39

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

3.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

8.00

....

4.00

3.00

8.23
15.63

4.00

13.16

■ . • •

• • ■ •

9.04

. • • •

44

Thp: Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Ground Fish

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potasli

Genuine German Kainit

Carolina Union Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Carolina Union Raw Bone Meal Total

Carolina Union 16 Per Cent

Carolina Union 14 Per Cent

Carolina Union 12-5

Carolina Union 10-5

Carolina Union 10-4

Carolina Union 10-2

Carolina Union 2%-9-4 Guano

Carolina Union 1-9-2

Carolina Union 4-8-4

Carolina Union 3-8-3

Carolina Union 2i^-S-3

Carolina 2-8-2

Carolina Union 1-8-4

Carolina Union 10-2-2

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Catatcha Fertiliser Co., Lancaster, S. C. —

Catawba High Grade Acid Phosphate

Catawba High Grade Acid Pliosphate

Catawba Acid and Potash

Catawba Acid and Potash

Catawba Special

Catawba Farmers' King

Catawba Climax

Catawba Preference

Catawba Grain King

Catawba Acid and Potash

Catawba Acid and Potash

Catawba Gold Medal

Catawba Farmers' Special

Catawba Old Hickory

Catawba Regulator

Catawba Reliable

Catawba Electric

Catawba Farmers' Choice

Catawba Red Rose

Catawba Peerless

Catawba Red Star

Catawba Champion

Catawba Standard Formula

Catawba Standard

Catawba Eclipse

Catawba Economizer

Catawba Dixie

Catawba Acid and Potash

Catawba Cotton Producer

Catawba H. G. Top Dresser

Catawba Superior

Catawba Excelsior

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid. .

• • • •

8.82

■ ■ • •

• • • •

• > • •

50.00

• • • •

> > > ■

50.00

....

12.00

21.00

3.71

16.00

■ • • •

• • • >

14.00

■ ■ > »

....

12.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

■ ■ ■ ■

5.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

2.00

8.25

2.00

....

14.85

■ ■ • •

• ■ • •

50.00

12.00

16.00

14.00

• • • •

■ • • ■

12.00

• • • •

5.00

12.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

3.29

4.00

10.00

1.65

5.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

.82

4.00

10.00

• ■ • •

4.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

2.47

7.00

9.00

2.47

2.00

8.00

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

2.05

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

6.00

4.93

5.00

4.00

6.16

2.50

4.00

5 75

7.00

4.00

5.75

4.00

The Bulletin.

45

Namp and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Catawba Nitrate of Soda

Catawba Muriate of Potash

Catawba Kainit

Central Phosphate Co., Mount Pleasant, Tenn. —

Tennessee Phosphate Total

Tennessee Phosphate Total

Chatham Oil and Fertilizer Co., Pittshoro, N. C. —

C. O. & F. Co. Acid Phosphate

C. O. & F. Co. Acid Phosphate

C. O. & F. Co. Bone and Potash

C. O. & F. Co. Bone and Potash

Chatham Corn Grower

Pittsboro High Grade .

High Land Tobacco Grower

Pride of Chatham

Loudon's Special

Chatham Cotton Grower

C. O. & F. Co. German Kainit

Avail,
rhos.
Acid.

Nitrogen. Potash.

15.00

48.00
12.00

32.00

■ > > •

....

28.00

. . . .

16.00

14.00

■ • • ■

....

10.00

....

5.00

10.00

• ■ • •

2.00

9.00

1.23

3.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

■ ■ • •

• • • •

12.00

The Chesapeake Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. —

C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Phosphate 16 Per Cent.
C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Phosphate 14 Per Cent.

C. C. Co.'s Reliable Phosphate

C. C. Co.'s Celebrated Mixture •

C. C. Co.'s High Grade Guano

C. C. Co.'s Excelsior Fertilizer

C. C. Co.'s Fish Guano

C. C. Co.'s Ammoniated Phosphate

C. C. Co.'s National Crop Grower

C. C. Co.'s Keystone Phosphate

C. C. Co.'s Potato Compound

C. C. Co.'s Prolific Top Dresser

C. C. Co.'s German Kainit

City Ahattoir of Winston-Salem, Winston-Salem,

N. C—

Tankage

Clayton Oil Mill, Clayton, N. C. —

C. O. M. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

C. O. M. High Grade Bone and Potash

C. O. M. Wheat Compound

C. O. M. Bone and Potash

R. B. W. Special

Austin's Special

Wayside Special

C. W. H. Special

C. O. M. Cotton Grower

Clayton Guano

Planters' Favorite

, Clayton See. Tobacco Grower

Cotton Queen

Summer Queen

C. O. M. Top Dresser

C. O. M. German Kainit

16.00

• ■ • •

• . ■ .

14.00

• • ■ .

• • • .

10.00

• ■ • •

4.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

8.00

3.28

4.00

8.00

2.46

4.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

1.64

3.00

8.00

1.64

2.00

7.00

3.28

5.00

6.00

4.10

5.00

. ■ • •

7.51

3.50

■ • a ■

• • • •

12.40

8.50

5.74

16.00

• • • *

• • t •

12.00

• • . •

5.00

10.00

2.05

4.50

10.00

....

5.00

9.00

3.30

4.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

5.00

5.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

L65

2.00

3.00

7.75

2.00

• • . •

. • • •

12.00

46

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

The Coe-Mortimer Co., Charleston, S. C. —

Gen. Key — Tree Brand Thomas Phosphate,

Tree Brand Thomas Phosphate,

Co.'s

Co.'s
Co.'s
Co.'s
Co.'s
Co.'s
Co.'s

Dissolved Bone . . . .
Dissolved Bone . . .

Level Best

Progressive Farmer
Bone and Potash...
Bone and Potash...
Corn Club

Total .
Gen. Key

Total

Coe-Mortimer
Coe-Mortimer
Coe-Mortimer
Coe-Mortimer
Coe-Mortimer
Coe-Mortimer
Coe-Mortimer

Carolina Special

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Excelsior

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s M. H. G

Knickerbocker Standard

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Tar Heel

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Special Formula

High Grade Tankage

E. Frank Co.'s Extra High Grade..

Marcoe Guano

C. M. C.'s Tobacco Grower

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s
Coe-Mortimer Co.'s
Coe-Mortimer Co.'s
Coe-Mortimer Co.'s
C. M. C.'s Tobacco
Darlington Guano
Coe-Mortimer Co.'s

Co.'s

Co.'s

Co.'s

Tobacco Fertilizer, No. 3.
Tobacco Fertilizer, No. 2.
Tobacco Fertilizer, No. 1.

Meal Mixture

Special

Cotton and Corn.
General Crop . . .

Standard

Straight Goods . .

Coe-Mortimer
Coe-Mortimer
Coe-Mortimer

Universal

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Bone and Potash.

Mortimer's High Grade

Imported Fish Guano

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Top Dresser

H. G. Blood

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate Mixture

Genuine German Kainit

Columdia Guano Co., Norfolk, Va.—

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Columbia Thomas Phosphate

Columbia High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos-
phate

Columbia 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Columbia Dissolved Bone

Columbia 12 and 6 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Columbia 12 and 5 Bone and Potash

Columbia 12 and 5 B. and P. Mixture

Columbia Acid Phosphate

Columbia 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Columbia IQi^ and 1% Bone and Potash Mix-
ture

Avail.

Phos. Nitrogen.
Acid.

18.00

Potash.

17.50

. . •

,

....

16.00

• • • •

....

14.00

■ ■ ■ •

....

10.00

3.29

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • > •

2.00

9.25

2.05

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.05

4.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

.82

3.00

8.50

1.65

2.00

8.00

7.81

9.50

8.00

4.11

7.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.28

4.00

8.00

2.47

6.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

2.05

2.00

8.00

2.05

1.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• ■ • •

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

5.80

8.22

10.00

4.00

6.17

2.50

• • • •

13.37

16.25

....

14.83

• • • •

....

49.00

49.00

....

20.00

12.00

21.50

3.71

18.00

16.00

....

14.00

, .

....

13.00

, ,

....

12.00

• 6.00

12.00

, ,

5.00

12.00

, ,

5.00

12.00

, ,

....

11.00

5.00

10.50

1.50

The Bulletin,

47

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Columbia 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture.
Columbia 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Columbia Bone and Potash for Grain

Columbia Bone and Potash Mixture

Columbia C. S. M. Special

Parrish's Special

Roanoke Ammoniated Guano

Carolina Soluble Guano

Columbia Grain Guano

Columbia Special 1-9-2 Guano

Columbia Special Truck

Tobacco King

Pelican Ammoniated Guano

Columbia Special Truck Guano

Trojan Tobacco Guano

Columbia Special 4-8-3

Yelverton Bros.' Plant Food for Tobacco

Columbia 8-3-4 Special Guano

Olympia Cotton Guano

Hyco Tobacco Guano

Our Best Meal Guano

Royal Tobacco Fertilizer

Columbia Special Tobacco Guano

Columbia 8-2-5 Tobacco Special

Columbia Fish and Blood Guano

Columbia Fish Phosphate and Potash

Columbia Fish Phosphate and Potash

Columbia Soluble Guano for Tobacco .' . .

Columbia Special Wheat Fertilizer

Columbia Soluble Guano

Spinola Peanut Grower

Columbia 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture.
Columbia Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guano. . .

Columbia Potato Manure

Columbia Potato Guano

Crown Brand Peanut Guano

Columbia Irish Potato Grower

Perfection Potato Producer

Columbia Side Dresser

Columbia Special Top Dresser

Columbia Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Cotton-seed Meal : '

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Combahee Fertilizer Co., Charleston, 8. G. —

C. F. Co. Dissolved Bone

C. F. Co. Dissolved Bone

C. F. Pure Dissolved Bone

C. F. Co. Melon Fertilizer

C. F. Co. Cantaloupe Fertilizer

^ Acid with Potash

' Special Mixture

C. F. Co. K. M. S

C. F. Co. H. G. Cotton Mixture

C. F. Co. Cotton and Corn Compound

Avail.

I'hos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

10.00 '

• ■ • •

5.00

10.00

• • ■ *

4.00

10.00

• • • •

3.00

10.00

• • • ■

2.00

9.00

2.27

2.00

9.00

2.06

5.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

4.12

5.00

8.00

3.30

5.00

8.00

3..30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

3.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

S.OO

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1>.02

4.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

7.00

5.77

7.00

7.00

4.12

7.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

7.00

• • ■ •

5.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

5.00

4.94

7.00

4.00

8.22

4.00

4.00

6.18

2.50

• • • •

7.42

3.00

• • • •

15.22

• • ■ ■

• • • •

6.17

■ • • •

• ■ ■ •

■ • • ■

48.00

• • • •

48.00
12.00

16.00

14.00

• • • >

• • • ■

13.00

• ■ • •

• > ■ •

10.00

3.30

5.00

10.00

2.47

10.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

48

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturei' and Name of Brand.

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Kainit

Conestee Chemical Co., Wilmington, N. C. —

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Conestee High Grade Acid Phosphate

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Square Deal Fertilizer for Tobacco.

Conestee Square Deal Fertilizer

Adams' Special Fertilizer

Conestee Cotton Grower

Conestee Premo Guano

Conestee Special Fertilizer for Cotton

Conestee Melon Grower

Conestee Special Fertilizer for Tobacco

Conestee O. K. Fertilizer for Tobacco

Conestee P. D. Q. Fertilizer

Conestee "O. K." Fertilizer

Conestee P. D. Q. Fertilizer for Tobacco

Conestee Plumb Good Fertilizer

Conestee Crop Grower for Tobacco

Conestee Fish Scrap Guano for Tobacco

Conestee 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano

Conestee 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano for Tobacco...

Conestee Fish Scrap Guano

Conestee Special Fertilizer

Conestee Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Conestee Fertilizer for Tobacco

Conestee Fertilizer

Conestee Crop Grower

Conestee Tobacco Grower

Conestee Complete Fertilizer

Conestee Special Grain Fertilizer

Conestee Standard Guano for Tobacco

Conestee Standard Guano

Cotton-seed Meal Guano for Tobacco

Cotton-seed Meal Guano

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Root Crop Guano

Conestee Standard Truck Guano

Conestee High Grade Guano

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen. Potash.

14.:

■ • ■ ■

.

48.00

12.00

16.00

14.00

,

• » • • •

12.00

,

6.00

12.00

,

5.00

12.00

4.00

12.00

3.00

12.00

2.00

11.00

6.00

11.00

,

5.00

11.00

.

4.00

11.00

,

3.00

11.00

,

2.00

10.00

.

6.00

10.00

.

5.00

10.00

.

4.00

10.00

.

3.00

10.00

.

2.00

9.25

1.65 2.00

9.25

1.65 2.00

9.00

2.47 3.00

9.00

2.27 2.00

9.00

A

32 3.00

8.00

4.12 7.00

8.00

4.12 7.00

8.00

4.12 7.00

8.00

3.30 4.00

8.00

3.30 4.00

8.00

3.30 4.00

8.00

3.30 4.00

8.00

2.47 4.00

8.00

2.47 4.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 2.50

8.00

2.47 2.50

8.00

2.06 3.00

8.00

2.06 3.00

8.00

2.06 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

S.OO

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

6.00

8.00

5.00

8.00

4.00

7.00

4.12 7.00

7.00

4.12 5.00

6.00

4.94 8.00

The Bulletin.

49

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Conestee Truck Grower

Conestee Corn Guano

Dried Ground Fish

Conestee Special Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Ground Blood

Conestee Top Dresser

Cotton-seed Meal

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

H. G. German Kainit 16 Per Cent

Genuine German Kainit

Contentnea Guano Co., Wilson, N. C. —

High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid

Contentnea 14 Per Cent Acid

"Corn Club" Special

Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 3

Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 2

Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 1

Contentnea Cotton Formula

Bartholomew's Cotton Grower

8-4%-7 for Tobacco

8-41/2-7 for Cotton

Climax High Grade

Climax H. G. for Cotton

Carr Tobacco Grower

High Grade Tobacco Grower

Government Formula, No. 1

Government Formula, No. 2

Victor Tobacco Grower

Farmers' Favorite Tobacco Grower

Plant-bed Tobacco Grower

Pick Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer

Top Notch Fertilizer

Matchless Cotton Grower

Contentnea Cotton Grower

Bragg Cotton Grower

Blood and Bone Cotton Grower

Bragg Corn Grower

Contentnea Corn Special

High Grade Top Dresser

Contentnea Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Manure Salts

H. G. 16 Per Cent German Kainit

German Kainit

Cooper Guano Co., Wilmington, N. C. —

Cooper's 4% Per Cent Raw Bone Meal

Cooper's Acid with Potash

' Cooper's Zenith

Cooper's High Grade

Cooperative Warehouse Co., Salisbury, N. (7.—

Farmers' Union Cotton-seed Meal

4

Avail.
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

6.00

3.80

S.OO

6.00

2.47

3.00

4.50

7.81

• > > •

4.00

8.25

4.00

20.56

• ■ • •

14.81

• . ■ •

11.51

....

7.40

3.00

6.17

48.66

• • ■ •

48.00

• • ■ ■

16.00

• • • •

12.00

16.00

14.00

• • > ■

....

10.00

.82

5.00

10.00

• ■ • •

5.00

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

9.00

2.25

2.00

9.00

1.85

5.00

8.00

3.70

7.00

8.00

3.70

7.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.90

6.00

8.00

2.90

5.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

8.00

2.47

7.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

8.00

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

5.00

5.00

1.65

5.00

4.00

8.25

4.00

3.00

8.25
14.82

5.00

• • • •

50.00

....

50.00

• • • •

20.00

■ • • •

16.00

12.00

22.50

3.71

• • • •

10.00

• • • •

5.00

8.00

2.00

3.00

7.00

6.00

5.00

6.17

50

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Coweta Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Coweta 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Coweta High Grade Acid Phosphate

Coweta Acid Phosphate

Coweta Fish Guano

Coweta Standard Bone and Potash

Coweta Dissolved Bone and Potash

Coweta Nonpareil Grower

Coweta Animal Bone

Sea Bird Standard Guano

Coweta Perfection Tobacco Grower

Coweta Royal Guano

Coweta Beef Blood and Bone

Coweta Success Guano

Coweta Special Bone and Potash

Coweta Standard Truck Guano

Nitrate of Soda

Cotton-seed Meal

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Craven Chemical Co., New Bern, N. C. —

Panama 16 Per Cent Phosphate

Jewel Acid Phosphate

Turkey Trot Bone and Potash

Herring's Bone and Potash

Craven H. G. Bone and Potash

Foy's H. G. Bone and Potash Mixture

Craven Grain Compound

Trent Bone and Potash

Halifax Guano

Prolix 9-2-3 Special Guano

Hanover Standard Guano

Currituck Sweet Potato Guano

Duplin Tobacco Guano

Gaston High Grade Fertilizer

C. E. Foy High Grade Guano

C. C. Co. Standard Tobacco Guano

Hart's Special Tobacco Grower

Marvel Great Crop Grower

Elite Cotton Guano

Pantego Potato Guano

Neuse Truck Grower

Craven Chemical Co.'s Truck Guano, 5-10-2i^.

Craven Chemical Co.'s Top Dresser A

Craven Chemical Co.'s Top Dresser B

Craven Chemical Co.'s Top Dresser C

Genuine German Kainit

Dey & Brother, Beaufort, N. C. —

Ground Fish Scrap

Dixie Guano Co., Durham, N. C. —

Dixie 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Dixie 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Dixie Champion for Wheat and Corn

Jeff Davis Special

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

16.00

14.00

■ • • •

• • • >

13.00

■ • • •

■ • ■ •

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • ■ •

2.00

9.00

.83

3.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

1.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

• • • •

14.83

■ ■ ■ •

■ ■ • •

6.17

• • • •

• > • •

• • • •

49.00

12.00

16.00

14.00

• • • »

• « • •

12.00

■ • • •

6.00

12.00

• • • •

5.00

12.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

■ • • ■

6.00

10.00

■ • • •

4.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

1.65

3.09

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

6.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

•7.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

4.94

6.00

5.00

8.24

2.50

4.00

8.24

4.00

4.00

6.18

2.50

• • • ■

7.41

3.00

• • ■ •

• • • ■

12.00

7.00

16.00

14.00

10.50

9.00

8.23

2.26

1.50
2.00

The Bulletin.

51

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Dixie Star Ammouiated

Dixie Corn Fertilizer

Radium Brand Guano

Dixie Tobacco Fertilizer

Carolina Special Ammoniated ....

Sulky Plow Brand Guano

Battle's Blood and Bone Fertilizer,

Niagara Soluble Bone

Dixie Cotton Fertilizer

Old Plantation Superphosphate . . .

Nitrate of Soda

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Kainit

Dixie Prepared Agricultural Lime .

Avail.
I'hos.
Acid.

9.00

9.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8:00

8.00

8.00

8.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

1.65
.82
3.28
2.46
2.46
2.46
2.05
2.05
1.65
1.65
14.82

2.00
3.00
5.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00

49.00

48.00

12.00

2.50

Dixie Guano Co., Inc., Sujfolk, Va. —

Dixie Acid Phosphate

Dixie Acid Phosphate

Dixie Goodluck Brand

Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash.

Dixie Monticello Brand

Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash.
Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash.

Dixie's Best

Dixie 8-4-4 Guano

Dixie Maximum Brand

Dixie High Grade

Dixie 8-2-5 Guano

Dixie Standard Guano

Dixie Bonus Brand

Dixie Jumbo Peanut Grower

Dixie 5 Per Cent Truck

Dixie Potato Guano

Dixie 10 Per Cent Top Dresser..

Dixie 7 Per Cent Guano

Nitrate of Soda

Ground Fish ;

Cotton-seed Meal

Miiriate of Potash

Kainit

16.00

• • • •

• • • •

14.00

« ■ ■ •

• • • •

12.00

1.00

6.00

11.00

• • • .

2.00

10.00

1.00

2.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• ■ • •

2.00

8.00

4.11

7.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

6.00

5.75

5.00

5.00

8.23

3.00

5.00

5.66

4.00

• • • •

15.21

« • • •

8.23
6.16

• • • •

• • • ■

48.00

• • • •

• • • •

12.00

Eastern Cotton Oil Co., Hertford, N. C. —

Acid Phosphate

"Ten-One-Four for Peanuts"

Currituck Special for Yellow Sweets

Mat White Special

It-grows Currituck Yellows

Rain-proof Cotton Grower

Fish and Blood Mixture

Perquimans Favorite

' Early Bird

Hertford Truck Grower

Tankage and Fish Substitute, Peruvian Guano

for Truck

Nun-such Potato Grower

16.00

• • • •

■ • ■ •

10.00

.83

4.00

8.00

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

6.00

5.77

5.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

52

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Elmore Gin and Fertilizer Co., Ehnore, N. C. — •

Elmore Standard Fertilizer

Elmore Cotton Fertilizer

Elmore X Fertilizer

Elmore Cantaloupe Special

Elmore Top Dresser

Elmore Money Maker Top Dresser

Elmore Corn Fertilizer

Etiwan Fertilizer Co., Charleston, 8. C. —

Etiwan 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Etiwan High Grade Acid Phosphate

Etiwan Dissolved Bone

Diamond Soluble Bone

Etiwan Acid Phosphate with Potash

Plow Brand Acid Phosphate with Potash ....

Etiwan Potash Bone

Etiwan Soluble Bone with Potash

Diamond Soluble Bone with Potash

XX Acid Phosphate with Potash

Etiwan Blood and Bone Guano

Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate

Etiwan 9-2-3 Per Cent Ammoniated Fertilizer.
Plow Brand Ammoniated Dissolved Bone ....

Etiwan Superior Cotton Fertilizer

Etiwan Special Cotton Fertilizer

Plow Brand Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Etiwan Cotton Compound

Etiwan High Grade Cotton Fertilizer

Etiwan Ammoniated Fertilizer

Plow Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer

Etiwan Special Potash Mixture

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Farmers Cooperative Fertilizer Co., Inc., Black-
stone and Kenbridge, Va.—

Pure Animal Bone Total

F. C. F. Co.'s Acid Phosphate

F. C. F. Co.'s Acid Phosphate

Sampson

Pape's Peerless

Cherokee '.

F. C. F. Co.'s Bone and Potash Compound...
F. C. F. Co.'s Bone and Potash Compound...

Walkover

Virginian

Virginian X

Meherrin

Nottoway Special

Free State Official

Paul Jones

Farmers Cotton Oil Co., Wilson, N. C—

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Bonum Acid Phosphate

Contentnea Acid Phosphate

Avail.

Phos. Nitrogen. Potash.

Acid.

8.00

3.29 4.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

6.50

2.47 2.50

7.00

4.0O 7.50

• • ■ •

8.65 3.50

■ • • •

7.41 6.00

3.70 7.50

16.00

14.00

, ,

• • ■ •

13.00

, ,

• • ■ ■

13.00

, ,

....

11.00

, ,

1.00

11.00

, ,

1.00

10.00

, ,

4.00

10.00

, ,

3.00

10.00

, ,

2.00

10.00

• •

2.00

9.00

2.06 1.00

9.00

2.06 1.00

9.00

1.65 3.00

9.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

3.30 6.00

8.00

3.30 4.00

8.00

3.30 4.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

, ,

4.00

14.82

48.00
12.00

21.00

2.47

• • . .

16.00

. . • •

....

14.00

• • ■ a

....

10.00

2.47

5.00

10.00

1.64

2.00

10.00

1.03

• • • •

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

1.03

1.00

8.00

3.99

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

2.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.64

2.00

16.00

14.00

■ • . •

. . • •

13.00

....

• . . .

The Bulletin.

53

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Washington's Corn Mixture Guano

Xtra Good Bone and Potash

Whitley's Special Guano

Dean's Special Guano

Regal Tobacco Guano

Newsome's Tobacco Special

Graves' Cotton Grower Guano

Golden Gem Guano

Wilson High Grade Guano

Planters' Friend Guano

Carolina Choice Tobacco Guano

Crop King Guano

Farmers' Special Guauo

Rogers' Truck Grower

Wilson Top Dresser

Perfect Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrate Special

Tomliuson's Nitrate Special

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

German Kainit

Farmers Guano Co., Raleigh, N. C, and Norfolk,
Va.—

Raw Bone Meal Total

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Farmers Acid Phosphate

Special H. G. Bone and Potash

Farmers Grain Grower

Special Bone and Potash Mixture

Century Bone and Potash Mixture

Fax-mers Meal and Tankage Mixture

Farmers Blood and Bone

Big Crop Guano

Farmers Formula for Tobacco

Money Point Guano

Golden Grade Guano

Toco Tobacco Guano

Farmers S-2-5 Guano

Farmers Ammoniated Guano

State Standard Guano

Farmers Peanut Guano

Special Bone and Potash

Farmers 7-7-7 Per Cent Trucker

Farmers 7-5-8 Special

Farmers Challenge

Farmers 6-7-5 Trucker

Farmers Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

' Kanona Tankage

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

10.00

10.00

9.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

7.00

2.00

2.00

Nitrogen.
1.65

3.30
3.70
2.88
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.27
2.06
2.06
1.65
1.65
5.76
9.05
8.23
20.57
15.63
10.66
9.87

Potash.

5.00
2.00
4.00
7.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
7.00
4.00
5.00

4.00

5.00

50.00

50.00

12.00

45.00

3.70

. . • •

16.00

• • • •

. . ■ •

14.00

• • • •

• • • •

13.00

• ■ • a

• • • •

11.00

....

5.00

10.00

1.03

2.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• ■ • .

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.88

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.03

4.00

8.00

• • . •

4.00

7.00

5.76

7.00

7.00

4.12

8.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

3.00

8.23

4.00

• • • ■

15.63

• • ■ •

• • • •

9.04

■ . * •

• • • •

• • • •

50.00

....

• . • •

50.00

• • ■ ■

• • • ■

12.00

54

The Bulletin,

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Farmers Guano Wor'ks, Dillard, Ga. —

High Grade Dissolved Acid 16 Per Cent

High Grade Compost Mixture

High Grade Corn Grower

Special for Wheat

Mack's Special Double Potash Formula

Special for Com

Small Grain Compound

Special Mixture for Potatoes

High Grade Vegetable Compound

Oats Special Mixture

Nitrate of Soda

Sulphate Potash

Muriate Potash

Farmville Oil and Fertilizer Co., Farmville, N. C. —

Chamblee & Sons H. G. for Tobacco 8.00

Federal Chemical Co., Columbia, Tenn. —

Tennessee Brown Phosphate Rock Total 29%

Fremont Oil Mills, Fremont, N. C. —

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Fremont High Grade Bone and Potash. ...... 10.00

S. H. & Co.'s 8-4-4 8.00

Fremont High Grade Guano 8.00

8-3-5 Compound 8.00

Fremont Oil Mill Co.'s Special Tobacco 8.00

Nahunta Special 8.00

S. H. & Co.'s 8-3-3 8.00

Square Deal 8.00

Up-to-date 8.00

F. O. M. Co. Top Dresser 3.00

Nitrate of Soda . . • •

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Kainit • • • •

General Manufacturing Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Acid Phosphate 16.00

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Potash and Soluble Bone 12.00

Potash and Soluble Bone 12.00

Potash and Soluble Bone 10.00

Potash and Soluble Bone 10.00

Potash and Soluble Bone 10.00

H. G. Cotton and Tobacco Guano 8.00

Manure Substitute 8.00

Organic Cotton Grower 8.00

Big Crop Grower 8.00

Special Peanut Grower 8.00

Royal Crop Grower 8.00

Special Peanut Grower 8.00

Roya,l Crop Grower 8.00

Blood, Bone and Potash 7.00

Special 7 Per Cent Trucker 6.00

Special Potato Grower 6.00

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

16.00

13.00

• • • ■

7.00

12.00

.82

5.00

12.00

• • • •

5.00

11.00

1.65

6.00

10.00

1.65

4.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

8.00

.82

7.00

8.00

■ • • •

6.00

8.00

• • ■ •

5.00

....

15.00

• • • •

• ■ • •

50.00

• • • •

50.00

2.47

3.28
3.28
2.46
1.65
1.03
1.03
1.00
1.00
4.10
5.74
4.10

5.00

. . . .

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.05

3.00

1.65

2.00

7.40

5.00

L4.85

• • • •

• • ■ •

48.00

48.00

12.00

5.00
3.00
5.00
4.00
2.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
8.00
5.00
7.00

The Bulletin".

55

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Virginia Trucker .
Nitrate of Soda . .
Muriate of Potash
Kainit

Oeneral Manufacturing Co., Norfolk, Va.,
New Bern, N. C. —

Acid

and

Georgia Chemical Works, Augusta, Ga. —

High Grade Dissolved Bone Phosphate

Extra Dissolved Bone Phosphate

Dissolved Bone Phosphate

Georgia Bone and Potash

12 Per Cent Dissolved Bone Phosphate

High Grade XX Acid Phosphate with Potash.

Bone and Potash

Carolina Special Cotton Grower

Mascot Blood and Bone Guano

Bumper Tobacco Grower

Good as Gold Guano

Gem Crop Grower

Georgia Belle Compound

Cardinal High Grade . . ^

Intensive Formula

Golden Leaf Special Tobacco Compound

Three Oaks High Grade Guano

Thunderbolt Tobacco Special

Georgia Formula

XXX Meal Mixture

Georgia Special Tobacco

Georgia Special Wheat and Corn Grower....

Acid Phosphate with 4 Per Cent Potash

Nitrate of Soda

Cotton-seed Meal

Mui'iate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Griffith d Boyd Co., Baltimore, Md. —

High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate.

Grower's Favorite

Farmers' Potato Manure

Fish, Bone, and Potash

7 Per Cent Guano

Eadley, Harris & Co., Inc., Wilson, N. C.

Golden Weed Tobacco Grower

Hadley Boss Guano

Daisy Fish Mixture

Harris' Java Tobacco Guano

Harris' Electric Top Dresser

Hampton Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Ground Bone Total

Supreme Acid Phosphate '

Hampton Acid Phosphate

Avail.
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

6.00

3.3S

4.00

• ■ • •

15.23

• • • a

• • • •

• ■ • •

50.00

....

■ • • •

12.00

16.00

, ,

a « a •

14.00

, ,

» m • •

13.00

* • •

• • • a

12.00

> • •

6.00

12.00

• a a

• • • a

10.00

• • •

4.00

10.00

• • •

2.00

9.00

2.47

4.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

2.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.oa

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

• a • •

4.00

14.82

• a • a

• • • •

6.18

a • ■ •

• • > ■

a a • •

48.00

■ • • •

• • a •

48.00

• • • a

12.00

16.00

• • a «

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

.82

9.00

7.25

1.50

3.00

5.00

5.75

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.26

2.50

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

3.30

7.00

2.00

8.22

3.00

20.00

3.70

16.00

• • • •

. a • a

14.00

« • •

,

9 m » •

56

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Hampton 12-5 Bone and Potasli.

Hampton Bone and Potash Mixture

Hampton Crop Grower

Dauntless Potasli Mixture

Arlington Animal Bone Fertilizer

Alpha Crop Grower

Hampton H. G. Tobacco Grower

Little's Favorite Crop Grower

Hampton Tobacco Guano

P. P. P. Princess Prolific Producer

Extra Tobacco Guano

Shirley Superphosphate

Hampton Special Grain and Peanut Fertilizer.

Excelsior Bone and Potash

Reliance Truck Guano

Virginia Truck Grower

Hampton 10 Per Cent Truck Grower

Hampton Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Dry Ground Fish ,.

Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

S. B. Barren d Co., Inc., Norfolk, Fa.—

Harrell's Acid Phosphate

Harrell's Eclipse

Harrell's Champion Cotton and Peanut

Grower

Harrell's Truck Guano

Home Fertiliser and Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md.-

Eclipse Dissolved Phosphate

Home High Grade Acid Phosphate

Home Dissolved Animal Bone

Gilt Edge Crop Grower

Eclipse Blood, Beef and Bone

Home Bone and Potash

Home Alkaline Bone

Home Amraoniated Bone

Home B. G. Ammoniated Compound

Everybody's Fertilizer

Home Standard Guano

Eclipse Dissolved Bone and Potash

Riosa Tobacco Compound

Special C. & C. Compound

Yancey's Formula for Yellow Leaf Tobacco..

Phopnix Crop Grower

Home Potato Special

Matchless Guano

Home Cereal Fertilizer

Ammoniated Bone Manure

Farmer's Choice

Trucker's Special Compound

Home Vegetable Fertilizer

Eclipse Ammoniated Compound

Home Potato Grower

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

12.00

• • « ■

5.00

11.00

• ■ • •

2.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

8.50

2.06

2.50

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

8.00

> • ■ •

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

5.00

8.28

3.00

4.00

8.23
15.00

2.00

• • • •

8.23

> > • •

• • • ■

7.41

3.00

49.00

48.00

....

....

12.00

14.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

16.00

14.00

■ • • •

• > ■ ■

12.00

1.65

• ■ > >

10.00

1.65

4.00

10.00

1.23

3.00

10.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

> • • ■

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

.82

5.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.48

4.00

8.00

2.48

3.00

8.00

2.48

3.00

8.00

2.48

2.00

8.00

2.48

2.00

8.00

1.65

10.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

1.65

5.00

7.00

.82

4.00

6.00

5.77

5.00

6.00

4.12

0.00

6.00

3.30

10.00

6.00

3..30

4.00

The Bulletin.

57

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Cerealite Top Dressing

Home Fertilizer

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

German Kainit

The Hubbard Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Hubbard's 16 Per Cent Phosphate

Hubbard's 14 Per Cent Phosphate

Hubbard's Special Mixture 10 and 4

Hubbard's B. and P. 10 and 2

Hubbard's Noxall

Hubbard's Royal Ensign

Hubbard's Yellow Wrapper

Hubbard's Fish Compound

Hubbard's Exchange Guano

Hubbard's Southern Leader

Hubbard's 5 Per Cent Royal Seal

Hubbard's New Process Top Dresser

Pure German Kainit

The Imperial Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Imperial Pure Ground Bone Total

Imperial High Grade Tennessee Acid Phos-
phate

Imperial High Grade Acid Phosphate

Imperial Special Potash Mixture

Imperial Catawba Wheat Grower

Imperial Carolina Wheat Mixture

Imperial Virginia Grain Mixture

Imperial Bone and Potash ,. .

Imperial Martin County Special Crop Grower

Imperial Crop Grower

Imperial Snowflake Cotton Grower

Imperial Tobacco Grower

Imperial Robeson County Special

Imperial X. L. O. Cotton Guano

Imperial Tobacco Guano

Imperial Yellow Bark Sweet Potato Guano..

Imperial Pee Dee Cotton Grower

Imperial F. and B. Cotton Guano

Imperial Bright Tobacco Guano

Imperial Tennessee Tobacco Guano

Imperial Peanut Guano

Imperial Cotton Grower

Imperial Champion Guano

Imperial Peanut and Corn Guano

Imperial Cisco Soluble Guano

Imperial Standard Premium Guano

Imperial Ammonia ted Guano

Imperial Fish and Bone Grain Grower

> Imperial Yadkin Wheat Grower

Imperial 7-7-7 Potato Guano

Imperial High Grade Irish Potato Guano

Imperial Dawson's Cotton Grower

Imperial Roanoke Crop Grower

Avail
Phos
Acid

20.00

Nitrogen.

Potash.

20.62

14.85

• ■ • •

7.43

3.00

5.77

7.00

• ■ • •

50.00

• • ■ •

48.00

• • • a

12.00

16.00

• • • •

• . • •

14.00

• ■ • a

• > > >

10.00

• • • ■

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

8.00

3.28

4.00

8.00

2.46

4.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

1.64

3.00

8.00

1.64

2.00

7.00

3.28

5.00

6.00

4.10

5.00

■ ■ ■ •

7.51

3.50

• • • •

• a a •

12.40

3.70

16.00

a a • a

a a • •

14.00

■ > • •

...»

12.00

■ • • ■

5.00

10.00

• ■ • •

4.00

10.00

a • • •

3.00

10.00

a a a a

2.00

10.00

■ > ■ •

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

8.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

8.00,

.82

4.00

8.00

• ■ • a

4.00

7.00

5.76

7.00

7.00

4.11

S.OO

7.00

2.67

2.75

7.00

2.47

2.00

58

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Imperial Asparagus Mixture

Imperial 5-6-7 Potato Guano

Imperial Williams' Special Potato Guano ....

Imperial Fish and Bone

Imperial Sweet Potato Guano

Imperial 10 Per Cent Guano

Imperial Ammonia Top Dresser for Spinach.
Imperial Special 7 Per Cent for Potatoes ....
Imperial Eastern Shore Sweet Potato Special

Imperial Special Tobacco Guano

Imperial Top Dresser for Cotton

Imperial Laughinghouse Special Tobacco

Guano

Imperial Conetoe Cotton Grower

Imperial Cubanola Tobacco Guano

Imperial Nitrate of Soda

Imperial Top Dresser

Imperial Dry Ground Fish

Imperial Muriate of Potash

Imperial Sulphate of Potash

Imperial Genuine German 'Kainit

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

6.00

4.94

7.00

6.00

4.11

7.00

6.00

4.11

5.00

6.00

3.29

4.00

6.00

1.65

6.00

5.00

8.23

2.50

5.00

8.23

a • ■ •

5.00

5.76

5.00

5.00

3.29

9.00

5.00

3.29

9.00

4.00

8.23

2.00

4.00

3.29

6.00

4.00

3.29

4.00

4.00

2.47

5.00

. • • •

15.00

• . • •

• • ■ >

7.40

3.00

• • • •

8.23

• • • •

• • ■ •

• • • •

49.00

• • • ■

• . . •

48.00

• a • •

• ■ a •

12.00

N. B. Josey Guano Co., Tardoro, N. C. —

Josey's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Josey's Bone and Potash

Josey's Truck Guano

Josey's Big Yield Guano

Josey's 8-4-4 C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap Guano

Josey's Special Tobacco Guano

Josey's Tip Top C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap

Guano

Josey's Bright Leaf Tobacco Guano

Josey's "U No" Guano

Josey's Quick Step Tobacco Guano

Josey's Favorite C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap

Guano

Josey's C. S. Meal Guano

Josey's Potato Guano

Josey's ("Big Four") C. S. M. and F. S. Guano

Josey's Peanut Guano

Josey's Elite Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Josey's Top Dresser

Cotton-seed Meal

Muriate of Potash

Manure Salts

Genuine German Kainit

16.00

• • • »

a a • a

10.00

....

4.00

8.00

4.10

5.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.05

2.50

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

•5.77

7.00

6.00

3.30

4.00

5.50

1.23

5.50

3.00

7.42

4.00

• • • •

15.50

• • ■ •

• • • a

7.42

4.00

• • a •

6.19

a a a a

• a a •

• a • •

48.00

a • • •

a • • a

20.00

• • • •

a • • a

12.00

Lister's Agricultural Chemical Works, Newark, N. J.-

Lister's H. G. Phosphoric Acid Phosphate ....

Lister's Buyers Choice Acid Phosphate

Lister's Phosphoric Acid and Phosphate

Lister's Dissolved Phosphate and Potash

Lister's Carolina Bright for Tobacco

Lister's Standard Pure Bone Superphosphate

of liime

Lister's Complete Manure

16.00

• • a •

a a a a

14.00

• a a •

a • ■ •

10.00

a a a a

4.00

10.00

• » 9 9

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

The BuLLETijsr.

59

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.'

Acid.

Lister's Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Lister's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phos-

V^ate 8.00

Lister's Success Fertilizer 8.00

' John F. McNair, Laurinburg, N. C. —

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit ....

McNair PJwsphate Co., Laurinburg, N. C.

Rob Roy 8 QQ

Sodasb 2 00

The MacMurphy Co., Charleston, 8. C—

High Grade Acid Phosphate, 14 Per Cent 14 00

Acid Phosphate 13 00

Acid Phosphate and Potash 12 00

Acid Phosphate and Potash IIOO

Acid Phosphate and Potash 10 OO

Acid Phosphate and Potash ] 10 00

Acid Phosphate and Potash ..[ lo'oo

Wilcox & Gibbs Co.'s Manipulated Guano. . . '. 9 25

Special 8-4-6 Guano 8 00

Special 8-4-4 Cotton Guano 8 00

. Special 8-4-4 Tobacco Guano " " s 00

Special 8-3-4 Tobacco Guano 8 00

Special 8-3-3 Cotton and Corn * " 8 00

Special 8-3-3 Tobacco Guano " 8 00

Standard 8-21/2-1 Cotton Guano ' 800

Special 8-2-2 Cotton Guano 800

Special 9.25-2-2 Cotton and Corn Guano. 22^

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash ..

The Mapes Formula and Peruvian Guano Co.,
Newark, N. J. —

Mapes' Complete Manure, "A" Brand 10 00

Mapes' Corn Manure '. ." " 3 00

Mapes' Vegetable or Complete Manure" for

Light Soils g 0Q

Mapes' Economical Potato Manure '. . . . . 4.00

Marietta Fertilizer Co., Atlanta, Ga.—

Marietta Blood and Bone Special 9 00

Marietta Beef Blood and Bone. . . g'oo

Fertilizer, No. 835 '.'.'.'" 800

5 Per Cent Trucker 6 oO

Martin Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va., and New Bern

N. C. — '

, Martin's Pure Ground Bone 2'> 00

Martin's Raw Bone Meal 21 00

Martin's Acid Phosphate V. 16 00

Martin's Acid Phosphate 1400

Martin's Pure Dissolved Animal Bone 12 00

«tro

gen.

Potash.

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

2.00

15.20

• • • •

• . . .

48.00

• • • a

12.00

5.76

5.00

7.29

5.00

' •

1.00

1.00
5.00
4.00
2.00

2.26

2.00

3.29

6.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

14.81

....

....

48.00

■ • • •

48.00

2.47

2.50

2.47

6.00

4.94

6.00

3.29

8.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

2.47

5.00

4.11

7.00

2.46

3.70

1.65

60

The BuLLETiisr.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Jennett's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Jennett's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Tobacco Special

Martin's Cotton Special

Martin's Tobacco Compound

Johnson's High Grade

Martin's Dissolved Organic Compound

Martin's Corn and Cereal Special

Martin's High Grade Guano

Martin's Blood, Bone and Potash

Martin's Red Star Brand Fertilizer

Special Fertilizer

Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Martin's Cotton Guano

Martin's Red Star Brand

Martin's Tobacco Special

Jennett's Cotton Guano

Martin's Blue Ribbon Brand Fertilizer

Martin's Bull Head Fertilizer

Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Privott's Favorite

Martin's Bull Head

Martin's Tobacco Special

Jennett's Slaughter House Mixture

Martin's Meal Mixture

Martin's Tobacco Special

Martin's Meal Mixture

Martin's Meal Mixture

Martin's Special Fertilizer

Martin's Cotton Guano

Privott's Special for Potatoes and Peanuts . .

Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Martin's Animal Organic Compound

Martin's Slaughter House Special

Martin's Wheat Special

Martin's Carolina Special for Tobacco

Martin's Carolina Cotton

Martin's Corn and Cereal Special

Martin's Old Virginia Favorite

Jennett's Beef Blood and Bone

Martin's One Eight Four

Martin's Peanut Grower

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Top Dresser

Martin's Red Star Brand Fertilizer

Abbott's Special

Martin's Gilt Edge Potato Manure

Martin's 7 Per Cent Guano

Martin's Animal Bone Potato Fertilizer

Martin's Early Truck and Vegetable Grower.

Avail.

Phos. Nitrogen. Potash.

Acid.

12.00

, ,

5.00

12.00

. ,

3.00

10.00

, ,

6.00

10.00

, ,

5.00

10.00

. ,

4.00

10.00

, ,

4.00

10.00

, ,

3.00

10.00

. ,

2.00

10.00

. ,

2.00

9.00

2.46 3.00

9.00

2.46 3.00

9.00

2.26 2.00

9.00

2.05 5.00

9.00

1.00 3.00

9.00

1.00 2.00

8.75

1.65 2.00

8.00

4.10 7.00

8.00

4.10 5.00

8.00

3.28 6.00

8.00

3.28 6.00

8.00

3.28 4.00

8.00

3.28 4.00

8.00

3.28 4.00

8.00

3.28 4.00

8.00

3.28 2.00

8.00

2.46 8.00

8.00

2.46 5.00

8.00

2.46 4.00

8.00

2.46 3.00

8.00

2.46 3.00

8.00

2.46 3.00

8.00

2.46 3.00

8.00

2.06 5.00

8.00

2.06 4.00

8.00

2.05 4.00

8.00

2.05 3.00

8.00

2.05 1.00

8.00

1.65 6.00

8.00

1.65 5.00

8.00

1.65 3.00

8.00

1.65 3.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.03 4.00

8.00

1.03 4.00

8.00

, ,

4.00

7.00

8.22 2.50

7.00

4.10 5.00

7.00

3.28 8.00

7.00

2.46 10.00

6.00

5.74 5.00

6.00

4.10 7.00

6.00

3.28 8.00

The Bulletin.

61

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Knowles' Special 6.00

Martin's Top Dresser 5.00

Martin's Nitrate Soda

Martin's Muriate of Potash

Martin's Sulphate of Potash

Martin's Kainit

E. H. d J. A. Meadows Co., New Bern, N. C. —

Diamond Acid Phosphate 16.00

Diamond Acid Phosphate 14.00

Meadows' Dissolved Bone and Potash Com-
pound 10.00

Meadows' Dissolved Bone and Potash Com-
pound 10.00

Meadows' Lobos Guano 8.00

Meadows' Ideal Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brooks' Special Tobacco Grower 8.00

Parker's Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Meadows' Gold Leaf Tobacco Guano 8.00

Meadows' Roanoke Guano 8.00

Meadows' All Crop Guano 8.00

Meadows' Cotton Guano 8.00

Meadows' Great Cabbage Guano 7.00

Meadows' Great Potato Guano 7.00

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Meadows' German Kainit

The Miller Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Miller's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Miller's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Corn and Peanut Grower 10.50

Corn and Wheat Grower 10.50

The Miller Fertilizer Co.'s 10 and 4 Per Cent. 10.00

Clinch 10.00

Trucker 8.00

No. 1 Potato and Vegetable Grower 8.00

Miller's Irish Potato 8.00

4 Per Cent Tobacco 8.00

Standard Phosphate 8.00

Tobacco King 8.00

Miller's High Grade 8.00

Special Tobacco Grower 8.00

Potato and Vegetable Guano 8.00

Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 8.00

Farmer's Profit 8.00

Miller's 8 and 4 8.00

High Grade Potato 6.00

Special 4.00

Nitrate of Soda

. Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Ammonia

Navassa Guano Co., Wilmington, N. C- —

Navassa Piedmont Wheat Grower 10.00

Nitrogen.

Potasli.

3.28

6.00

8.23

2.50

15.23

• . . .

• • • •

50.00

• • • •

48.00

• • • •

48.00

5.00

• • • •

4.00

4.11

5.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.05

3.00

2.05

2.50

1.65

2.00

5.76

7.00

4.11

8.00

15.50

■ • • ■

■ • • •

50.00

• • • •

50.00

• • • •

12.40

2.25

■ • ■ ■

2.25

> • • •

4.00

• • • •

2.00

4.12

5.00

3.71

7.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

• • > <

4.00

4.12

7.00

6.58

3.00

15.05

■ • • ■

■ • ■ •

50.00

• • • •

48.00

2.00

62

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

l^eio Bern Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Mills, Neiv
Bern, N. C. —

Thomas Phosphate Total

Bone Meal Total

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Special Corn and Peanut Grower

High Grade Bone and Potash

Carteret Bone and Potash

Greene County Tobacco Fertilizer

Sparrow's Special Tobacco Grower

Oriole Tobacco Grower

Harvey's Special Meal and Fish Guano

Special C. S. M. Mixture

Foy's High Grade Fertilizer

Lenoir Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower

Pitt's Prolific Golden Tobacco Guano

Favorite Cotton Grower

Onslow's Farmers' Reliance Guano

Jones County Premium Crop Grower

Craven Cotton Guano

Greene County Standard Fertilizer

Dunn's Standard Truck Grower

Ives' Irish Potato Guano

Eureka Tobacco Fertilizer

Hart's Special Tobacco Grower

Pamlico Electric Top Dresser

Wooten's Special Tobacco Guano

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Ground Blood

Ground Tankage

Eureka Top Dresser

High Grade Fish Scrap

Cotton-seed Meal

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Avail
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

IS.OC

16.00

2.47

. • • •

16.00

• • • •

. • • •

14.0C

« • ■ ■

• • > ■

ll.OC

• • • •

2.00

lO.OC

• • ■ a

4.00

lO.OC

' ■ • • •

2.00

9.0C

> 2.47

5.00

9.0C

1 2.47

3.00

s.oc

> 8.30

4.00

S.OO 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.27

2.00

8.00 2.06

3.00

8.00 2.06

3.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

7.00 5.77

7.00

7.00 4.12

7.00

6.00 3.30

7.00

6.00 2.47

6.00

5.00 8.25

2.50

4.00 3.30

6.00

• • •

20.62

• • * •

15.67

• • • •

13.20

• ■ • «

9.00

• ■ • •

' 8.25

3.00

8.25

■ • • •

6.18

• • ■ •

• • • •

50.00

■ • • • •

48.00

■ • • •

12.00

Nitrate Agencies Co., Netc York, Baltimore, Sa-
vannah, Charleston, and Norfolk —

Acid Phosphate

Basic Slag Total

Ground Fish

Nitrate of Soda

Ground Dried Blood

Ground Tankage

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Kainit

Norfolk Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Ground Bone Total

Oriana 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Whitney H. G. Acid Phosphate

Oriana 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Oriana Wkeat Grower

16.00

• • • •

• • • •

14.00

• • • •

• • • •

7.00

9.35

• • • •

15.00
13.16

....

9.04

■ ■ • •

• ■ • •

48.00

....

• ■ • •

47.00

....

....

12.00

20.00

3.70

16.00

* • • •

• • • •

16.00

• • ■ >

....

14.00

• • • •

• • • •

10.00

• • • •

4.00

The Bulletin.

63

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Shenandoah Wheat Mixture

Young's Grain Grower

Oriaua Bone and Potash

Oriana C. S. M. Special

Oriana Complete Fertilizer

Oriana First Step Tobacco Guano

Oriana Tobacco Guano

Oriana for Cotton

Oriana Bright Leaf Guano

Oriana Cotton Guano

Oriana Crop Grower

Mayodan Valley Wheat Grower

Oriana Special Mixture

Oriana Truck Guano

Pine Top Special Crop Grower

Nitrate of Soda Mixture for Top Dressing

Cotton

Oriana High Grade Tobacco Guano

Nitrate of Soda

Dry Ground Fish

Norfolk Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

10.00 .

• ■ • •

3.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

6.00

4.11

5.00

5.00

5.76

5.00

5.00

1.65

6.00

4.00

8.23

2.00

4.00

3.29
15.00

6.00

8.23

• • • •

....

7.40

3.00

49.00
48.00

• • • •

• » • •

12.00

Norfolk Tallow Co., Norfolk, Va.-
Natalco Ground Bone

8.00

2.45

North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte, N. C. —

Dixie Standard

Majestic

North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Henderson, N. C-

Special Mixture W. F. Marsh. Jr

Pride of Vance Tobacco Fertilizer

Uneedit Tobacco Fertilizer

Henderson Tobacco Fertilizer

Franklin Tobacco Fertilizer

Currin's Special for Tobacco

Two in One

Sulphate of Potash Brand Tobacco Guano..

Henderson High Grade

McKinne Mixture

Henderson Standard Guano

Brewer's Special

American Pet

Henderson Cotton Grower

Franklin Cotton Grower

Uneedit Cotton Grower

Vance Cotton Grower ".

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

^Sulphate of Potash

North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Raleigh, N. C.-
Raleigh Special Guano

Raleigh Standard Guano

8.00

2.48

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

•8.00

3.28

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.26

3.25

8.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

• • ■ •

14.80

. • ■ •

• • • •

• • ■ •

50.00

• • • a

48.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.26

2.00

64

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Wilmington, N. C. —

High Grade Acid Phosphate

Wilmington Bone and Potash

Pate's High Grade

Cockrell & Williams' Cotton Grower

Wilmington Mortgage Lifter

Wilmington's Pride

Wilmington's Truck Grower

Bullock's High Grade

Wilmington's Full Value

Wilmington Tobacco Grower

Wilmington Fruit Grower

Best Tobacco Grower

John's Special

Bullock's Cotton Grower

Wilmington Farmer Boy

Wilmington High Grade

Wilmington Leader

Clute's Cotton Grower

L. P. B. Special

Carter's Lifter

Lewis's Special

Cooper's Special

The Stone Company Special

Wilmington Standard

Pate's Special

Currie's Crop Grower

Wilmington Banner

Clark's Special

Maultsby's Cotton Grower

Wilmington Cotton Grower

Wilmington Special

Wilmington Cotton Mixture

High Grade Tobacco

Wilmington Headlight

Wilmington High Grade Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Blood

H. G. Ground Tankage

Wilmington Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Kainit

G. Oher & Sons Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Ober's High Grade Acid Phosphate

Ober's Dissolved Bone Phosphate

Ober's Standard Potash Compo.und

Ober's Dissolved Animal Bone <

Ober's Acid Phosphate with Potash

Ober's Dissolved Bone, Phospliate and Potash

Ober's Special High Grade Fertilizer

Ober's Special Ammoniated Dissolved Bone. .

Ober's Farmers' Mixture

Ober's H. G. Fertilizer

Ober's Complete Guano for All Crops

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

16.00
10.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
6.00
4.50

Nitrogen. Potash.

2.47
2.27
2^27
4.12
3.30
3.30
3.30
3.30
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.06
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
2.47
3.30
3.30
7.40
19.68
14.80
13.12
8.20
7.40

4.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
7.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00

10.00
7.50
4.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
5.00

10.00
8.00
3.00

3.00
50.00
48.00
12.00

21.00

3.71

■ • • •

16.00

• • a >

....

14.00

. . • •

....

12.00

• • • ■

5.00

10.00

2.47

> • . .

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

The Bulletin.

65

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Ober's Special Compound for Tobacco

Cooper's Puugo

Ober's Standard Tobacco Fertilizer

Ober's Special Cotton Compound

Obei-'s Soluble Ammoniated Superphosphate

of Lime

Ober's Stag Guano

Ober's Acid Phosphate with Potash

Ground Fish

Ober's Complete Vegetable Fertilizer

Red Seal Special Tobacco Guano

Ober's Special Tobacco Bed Fertilizer, 10 Per

Cent

Nitrate of Soda

Ground Blood

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Kainit

Pan-American Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pan-American 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. . .

Pan-American 10 and 2:

Pan-American Favorite Compound

Pan-American Special Cotton Grower

Pan-American Universal Phosphate

Pan-American Special

Pan-American 6 Per Cent Trucker

Pan-American P. Trucker

Pan-American Universal Trucker

Pan-American Carolina Trucker

Pan-American Dixie Standard

Pan-American Tip Top Dresser

Pan-American Potato and Truck Siiecial

Pan-American Universal Top Dresser

Patapsco Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Patapsco Pure Raw Bone Total

Florida Soluble Phosphate

Patap.sco Pure Dissolved S. C. Phosphate

Patapsco High Grade Phosphate and Potash.

Baltimore Soluble Phosphate

Patapsco 10 and 4 Potash Mixture

Patapsco Soluble Phosphate and Potash

Patapsco Guano for Tobacco

Patapsco Guano

Patapsco Tobacco Fertilizer

Patapsco Bright Tobacco Grower

Patapsco Cotton and Corn Special

Patapsco Cotton Growers' Special

Coon Brand Guano

Patapsco Cotton and Tobacco Special

Patap.sco Plant Food for Tobacco, Potatoes

and Truck

. Patapsco Gold Leaf C. S. M. Mixture

Choctaw Guano

Patapsco H. G. Tobacco Special

Patapsco Special Tobacco Mixture

Unicorn Guano

Planters Favorite

5

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00.

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

• • • ■

4.00

7.30

9.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

6.00

2.47

7.00

4.00

8.25

3.00

• • • •

15.50

• • ■ •

• • • •

13.00

• • • •

...»

• • • ■

48.00

• • • •

• • • •

48.00

....

....

12.00

16.00

10.00

....

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

5.76

5.00

7.00

4.94

5.00

6.00

5.76

6.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

6.00

4.11

7.00

6.00

4.11

5.00

5.00

8.23

2.00

5.00

5.76

5.00

3.00

8.23

4.00

21.51

3.70

16.00 •

• ■ • •

• • • ■

14.00

■ • ■ ■

• ■ • •

11.00

• • • •

5.00

11.00

• • ■ •

2.00

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

• • > •

2.00

9.25

2.06

2.00

9.25

2.06

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.Q6

5.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

.82

3.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

66

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Grange Mixture. C. S. M. Ba.se

Sea Gnll Ammoniated Guano

Patapsco 7-777 Truck Guano

Patapsco Trucker for Early Vegetable.s

Money Maker Guano

Dry Ground Fish Total

Patapsco Potato Guano

Patapsco Crop Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Patapsco Top I >resser

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Pcruviun Guano (Utrpoiatio)!. Chin]t>sfon, S. C. —
Peruvian Sulphate Tobacco Formula

The Phosphate Mining Co.. (Joronah. Ga. —

"Supreme" Acid Phosphate

Acid Phosphate

"Superfine" Acid Phos]ihat<>

Acid Phosphate

"Suiierior" Acid Phosjihate

Acid Phosphate

Acid Phosphate

rivdmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co.. Baltimore. Mil. —

Piedmont Bone Meal Total

Piedmont 16 Per Cent Acid Phosi)hate

Piedmont 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Piedmont Special Potash Mixture

Levering's Potashed Bone _.

Piedmont Farmers' Potash Mixture

Piedmont Farmers' Standard

Piedmont Essential Tobacco Compound

Levering's Ammoniated Bone

Piedmont Unexcelled Guano

Piedmont Special Tobacco Guano

Piedmont High Grade Ammoniated Bone and

Potash

Levering's Reliable Tobacco Guano

Piedmont (iuano for Tobacco

Piedmont Guano for All Crops

Levering's Standard

Piedmont Bone and Peruvian Mixtiire

Piedmont Cultivator Brand

Piedmont Red Leaf Toliacco Guano

Piedmont Farmers' Favorite

Piedmont Star Bone and Potash

Piedmont 7-7-7 Truck Guano

Piedmont Special Truck Fertilizer

Piedmont Special Potato Guano

Piedmont Early Vegetable Manure

Piedmont Early Trucker

Piedmont Vegetable Compound

Piedmont 7 Per Cent Truck Guano

Piedmont Potato Producer

Nitrate of Soda

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

S.OO

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

5.76

7.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

7.00

3.70

6.00

6.00

S.23

6.00

4.11

7.00

4.00

3.29
15.00

4.00

....

7.41

3.00
49.00
12.00

10.00

1.65

s.oo

18.00

• • ■ ■

17.00

. . • .

16.00

. . . >

15.00

....

14.00

13.00

. . . ■

12.00

21.00

3.29

16.00

• • I •

. . . •

14.00

• ■ ■ ■

....

10.00

5.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • > •

2.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

.82

3.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

5.00

7.00

5.76

7.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

6.00

4.94

7.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

4.12

5.00

6.00

3.29

8.00

5.00

5.76

5.00

5.00

2.47

6.00

15.23

• ■ • •

The Bulletin.

67

Name and Address of Manufactiu'ei" aud Name of Brand.

Boykiu's Top r>resser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

German Kainit

Planters Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Co.. Roelii
Mount, N. C—

Acid Phosphate

Royal Cotton Grower

J. P. D. Special

<4orliani 11. G

Robertson's Tobacco Compound

Tar River Special

Planters' C, S. Oil Co.'s Tobacco Guano

Break's Corn Special

Planters' Pride for Cotton

Planters' C. S. Oil Co.'s Cotton Guano

Planters' Peanut Mixture '

Planters' Special Potato Guano

Braswell's Excelsior

E. L. D. Special

Braswell's Special for Tobacco

Planters' Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

(4r()und Fish Scrap

^luriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Pocahontas Guano Co., Liinchhurg, Va. —

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Carrincton's S. C. Phosphate. Waukesha

Brand

Im])erial Dissolved S. C. Phospliate

Indian Special Grain and Grass Guano

Special Potash Mixture

Wabash Wheat Mixture

Carrington's Superior Grain Compound

Pocahontas Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Hiffh Grade 4 Per Cent Tobacco Compound

Moha^^■k King

Yellow Tobacco Special

Standard Tobacco Guano. Old Chief Brand..

Planters' Special

Indian Tobacco Grower

Farmers' Favorite Apex Brand

Special Truck Grower, Eagle Mount Brand..

Spot Cash Tobacco Compound

Truckers' Special

Carrington's Banner Brand Guano

A. A. Complete Champion Brand

< Cherokee Grain Special

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

7.41

3.00
50.00

48.00

• • • •

• • • •

' 12.00

G.OO

• • • •

> • ■ •

9.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

3.29

5.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

7.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.05

2.00

8.00

1.21

5.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

7.00

3.29

6.00

7.00

2.47

3.00

7.00

2.26

3.50

3.50

7.82

15.00

8.23

3.00

50.00
48.00
12.00

22.00

3.71

16.00

■ ■ ■ •

....

14.00

....

....

12.00

5.00

....

10.00

5.00

....

10.00

4.00

....

10.00

2.00

....

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

6.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

1.65

6.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

3.00

8.00

15.00

4.00

49.tK)
48.00
12.00

68

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

The Pocomoke Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Ground Bone Total

Superb Acid Phosphate

Peel-less Acid Phosphate

Pocomoke 12-5 Bone and Potash , . .

Alkali Bone

Pocomoke Bone and Potash Mixture

10-2 Potash Mixture

Monticello Animal Bone Fertilizer

Cinco Tobacco Guano

Pocomoke Superphosphate

Electric Crop Grower

Garrett's Grape Grower

Faultless Ammonia ted Superphosphate

Pocomoke H. G. Tobacco Guano

Monarch Tobacco Grower

Harvey's High Grade Monarch

Pocomoke Sweet Potato Grower

CCC Crescent Complete Compound

Pamlico Superphosphate

Pocomoke Wheat, Corn and Peanut Manure..

Pocomoke Defiance Bone and Potash

Pocomoke Truck Grower 5 Per Cent

Standard Truck Guano

Seaboard Popular Trucker

Freeman's 7 Per Cent Irish Potato Grower. . .

Coast Line Truck Guano

Pocomoke Top Dresser

Smith's Special Formula

Nitrate of Soda

Dry Ground Fish

Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Powhatan Chemical Co., Richmond, Va. — -

Pure Animal Bone Total

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Magic Dissolved Bone Phosphate

High Grade Acid Phosphate

Powhatan Acid Phosphate

Magic Corn Special

Magic Wheat Special

High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture

Virginia Dissolved Bone

Magic Corn Grower

Magic Crop Grower

Magic Bone and Potash Mixture

Bone and Potash Mixture

Austin's Special Fertilizer

Guilford Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Railing's Special Fertilizer

Economic Cotton Grower

Johnson's Best Fertilizer

Holt's Magic Fertilizer

Union Magic Fertilizer

North Carolina Favorite

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

20.00

3.70

16.00

• • • •

• • • ■

14.00

■ • > •

• • • •

12.00

• ■ • •

5.00

11.00

• > > •

2.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • « ■

2.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

8.50

2.06

2.50

8.50

1.65

2.00

8.50

1.65

2.00

8.00

3.29

10.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

8.00

• ■ ■ •

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

5.00

8.23

3.00

4.00

8.23

2.00

4.00

3.29

15.00

8.23

6.00

> ■ ■ .

7.41

3.00

• • • .

• • • •

49.00

• • • •

• • • ■

48.00

....

....

12.00

25.00

2.47

22.50

3.70

16.00

■ ■ • •

. • > >

14.00

• • • •

• • > >

13.00

• • ■ •

• • ■ >

12.00

1.00

2.00

12.00

1.00

2.00

12.00

• • • •

5.00

12.00

• • • •

■ ■ > ■

10.00

.82

1.00

10.00

.82

1.00

10.00

■ • • •

4.00

10.00

• • ■ •

2.00

9.00

2.47

6.00

9.00

2.47

6.00

9.00

2.47

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.06

5.00

9.00

2.06

5.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

The Bulletin.

69

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Powhatan Special Fertilizer

Magic Mixture

Powhatau Grain Guano

Magic Wheat Grower

King Trucker

Tomlinson's Best Fertilizer

Copeland's Magic Fertilizer

Powhatan Special Tobacco Fertilizer

North State Special

Tomlinson's Favorite Fertilizer

Special Fertilizer ,

Tomlinson's Magic Fertilizer ,

Tomlinson's Special Fertilizer

Magic Fertilizer ,

P. C. Co.'s Hustler

Johnson's Special Fertilizer ,

King Brand Fertilizer

White Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer

Powhatan Peanut Fertilizer

Magic Cotton Grower

Magic Special Fertilizer

Magic Tobacco Grower

Magic Peanut Special

Magic Grain Special

Magic Peanut Grower

Magic Grain and Grass Grower

Powhatan Bone and Potash Mixture.

Powhatan Trucker

Copeland's Best Fertilizer

Copeland's Special Fertilizer ._ .

Allen's Special Tobacco Fertilizer...",

Powhatan Top Dresser

Magic Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Toralinson Nitrate Muriate Special...

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

High Grade German Potash

Pure German Kainit

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

4.11

5.00

S.OO

3.70

7.00

8.00

3.29

8.00

8.00

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.88

5.00

8.00

2.47

7.00

8.00

2.47

7.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

• . . .

4.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

8.00

■ • • ■

4.00

7.00

4.94

5.00

7.00

2.88

7.00

6.00

3.29

7.00

6.00

1.65

5.00

4.00

8.23

4.00

4.00

6.17
19.75
15.63

2.50

• • • •

9.87

5.00

. • . .

■ ■ ■ •

50.00

....

• > > •

48.00

....

16.00
12.00

Rasin-Monumental Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Rasin 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate . . .

Rasin Acid Phosphate

Rasin 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate...

Rasin H. G. Bone and Potash

Rasin's Big 10

Rasin Seawell Alkaline Phosphate . . .

Rasin Special Bone and Pota.sh

Rasin's Double Bone and Potash

Rasin Bone and Potash

Rasin's Nine-Three-Three Guano ....

Rasin's Dixie Cotton Guano

' Rasin Dixie Guano

Rasni's IXL (Cotton-seed Meal Body)

Baltimore Special Mixture

Rasin's Dixie H. G. Guano

Rasin's Seawall Special Guano

16.00

• • • •

• • • •

14.00

• ■ • •

■ > • I

13.00

....

. . . .

12.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

3.29

4.00

10.00

• > • •

6.00

10.00

■ « • •

5.00

10.00

■ • • •

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

70

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Rasin's Old Empire Guano Special.
Rasin's Complete Cotton Compound.
Rasin's Indian Brand for Tobacco..

Rasin Gold Standard

Rasin Special Fertilizer

Rasin's General Tobacco Grower...

Rasin'.s Old Empire Guano

Rasin's 8-4 Bone and Potash

Rasin Irish Potato Special

Rasin Truckers' Mixture

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Rasin Genuine German Kainit

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• • • ■

4.00

7.00

3.20

8.00

(i.OO

5.77
14.82

5.00

....

....

48.00
48.00
12.00

Read Phosphate Co., Charleston, *S'. C. —

Read's H. G. Dissolved Bone

Read's H. G. Acid Phosphate

Read's Bone and Potash

Read's Alkaline Bone

Read's Manipulated Guano

Read's H. G. Cotton Guano

Read's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone .

Read's H. G. Guano

Read's H. G. Cotton Grower

Road's H. G. Tol)acco I-eaf

Read's Soluble Fish Guano

Read's Blood and Bone Fertilizer, No.

Read's Special Potash Mixture

Read's Fish and Blood ^Mixture

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

German Kainit

Red Cross Qua

Pure

' Raw-

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

Red

Cross

no Co., Lynehbiirfj, Va. —

Bone Meal Total

Bone Meal Total

H. G. Phosphate

Standard Phosphate

Grain Grower

Bone and Potash

Hi;:li (irade for Tobacco

for Tobacco and Truck

for Bright Tobacco

Special for Tobacco

Tobacco Guano

Crop Grower

Grain and Grass Special

10.00

■ • ■ ■

• ■ • •

14.00

■ > • •

■ • • •

10.00

• • > •

4.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

0.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

4.12

7.00

8.00

3.30

6.00

8.00

3..30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

s.oo

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.62

2.00

8.00

■ ■ • •

4.00

7.00

3.30
19.00

5.00

48.00
12.00

22.00

3.71

22.00

3.00

• • • ■

16.00

• • • •

• • • •

14.00

• • • ■

• • ■ ■

10.00

• • ■ ■

4.00

10.00

■ ■ • •

2.00

0.00

2.47

3.00

0.00

1.85

4.00

0.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

s.oo

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

3.00

Rhum Phosphate Mining Co., Mount Pleasant, Pa.-
Ground Phosphate Rock Total

28.00

Richmond Guano Co., Richmond. Va. — •

Pure Animal Bone Total

Pure Raw Itone Meal Total

Rex Dissolved Bone I'hosphate

Hiich Grade Acid Phosphate

25.00

2.47

22.50

3.70

16.00

• • • •

14.00

. . . .

The Bi'LLETiisr.

71

Avail.

Niime and Address or' Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Preniium Rone and Potash Mixture 13.00 •

Pi-emium Dissolved Bone 13.00

Premium Corn Special 12.00

Premium Wlieat Special 12.00

H. G. Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Regal Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Old Homestead Dissolved Bone 12.00

Dissolved S. C. Phosphate 12.00

Premium Corn Grower 10.00

Bone Mixture 10.00

Premium Crop Grower 10.00

.Jolnison's Best Bone and Potash 10.00

Rex Bone and Potash :Mixture 10.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Sanders' Special Fornuila for Bri.i^ht Tobacco. 9.00

Collins" Special I'ertilizer 9.00

Cai'olina Cottt>n (irower 9.00

Burton Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

C- & B.'s Best Fertilizer 9.00

Bumper Crop Ammoniated Guano 9.00

Lowery's Special Fertilizer 9.00

Cracker Jack Fertilizer 9.00

Bone Mixture 9.00

Tip Top Grain Guano 9.00

Premium Wheat Grower 9.00

Premium Crop Grower 9.00

Southern Trucker S.OO

Bone and Blood Special for Tobacco 8.00

Special Fertilizer 8.00

Perfection Special 8.00

Beeson's Best Fertilizer 8.00

Carolina Bright Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Gilt Edge Fertilizer 8.00

Gilt I<:dge Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Carolina Bright Special Tobacco Fertilizer... S.OO

Tip Top Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Tip Top Fertilizer 8.00

Carolina Bright for Cotton 8.00

Special Premium Brand for Tobacco 8.00

Special Premium Brand for Plants 8.00

Beeson's Favorite Fertilizer 8.00

Beeson's Special Fertilizer 8.00

Rex Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Rex Ammoniated Crop Grower 8.00

Premium Cotton Fertilizer S.OO

Premium Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Premium Brand Fertilizer 8.00

Edgecombe Cotton Grower 8.00

Premium Grain Special 8.00

Premium Peanut Special 8.00

Premium Peanut Grower 8.00

Tip Top Bone and Potash Mixture 8.00

Winter Grain and <Jrass Grower 8.00

, Clark's Special Formula 7.00

Special High Grade for Truck 7.00

10 Per Cent Cabbage Guano 6.00

Smith's 7 Per Cent Special 0.00

Edwards' Prolific Cotton Grower 6.00

Nitrogen.

Potash,

3.00

1.00

2.00

1.00

2.00

• • ■ ■

5.00

4.00

.82

1.00

.82

1.00

.82

1.00

• • ■ ■

5.00

4.00

2.00

2.88

5.00

2.47

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

.82

2.00

4.11

5.00

3.29

6.00

3.29

6.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

10.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.26

2.50

2.06

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.08

1.50

1.85

2.25

1.85

2.25

1.65

10.00

1.65

6.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.0O

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

4.00

.82

4.00

4.00

4.00

■ • • ■

4.00

4.94

6.00

4.94

5.00

8.23

2.00

5.76

5.00

3.29

4.00

72

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Gilt Edge Top Dresser

Premium Top Dresser

Carter's Special for Tobacco
Smith's Special Fertilizer . .

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

High Grade German Potash
Pure German Kainit

Robersonville Guano Co., Rohersonville, N.

Roberson's H. G. Acid Phosphate

4 Per Cent Special

H.

Roberson's
Roberson's
Roberson's H. G.
Roberson's H. G.

G. Tobacco Grower

Meal and Fish Guano.

Cotton Grower

Roberson's Special 7-7-7 Potato Grower.

Roberson's H. G. Truck Guano

Robei'son's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano . . .

Robersonville H. G. Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Blood

Fish Scrap

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Roberson's Genuine German Kainit

Robeson Manufacturing Co., Lumherton, N.

Eureka

Stanby

Gold Dollar

Globe C. S. M. Guano

Bladen Special

Silver Dollar

Cottonade

Robeson's Special

Homerun

C-

The Robertson Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Fo.—

Robertson's Raw Bone Meal Total

Robertson's Fine Ground Bone Total

High Peak Acid Phosphate

Scepter Brand Acid Phosphate

P. M. C. Acid Phosphate

J. W. S. Special Bone and Potash Mixture. . .

J. W. S. Alkaline Bone

Skyscraper Bone and Potash

Level Run Dissolved Bone and Potash

Beaver Brand Soluble Guano

Robertson's Blood and Bone Mixture

P. M. C. High Grade Soluble Guano

Robertson's 5-6-7 Guano

Wood's Winner H. G. Guano

Robertson's Soluble H. G. Guano

Old Kentucky High Grade Tobacco Manure . .

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

16.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
7.00
7.00
6.00
4.00

10.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
3.00

21.00

21.00

16.00

14.00

13.00

12.00

10.00

10.00

10.00

9.00

9.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.23
6.17
2.47
1.65
19.75
15.63
7.40

3.29

2.47

2.47

2.47

5.77

4.12

5.77

8.23

20.50

15.60

13.62

8.00

3.30
3..30
3.30
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.27
1.65
8.00

3.71
2.47

1.85
1.00
4.12
4.12
3.30
2.47
2.47

4.00
2.50
6.00
7.00

3.00
50.00
48.00
16.00
12.00

3.00
3.00
3.00
7.00
5.00
5.00
4.00

50.00
48.00
12.00

5.00
4.00
4.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
5.00

5.00
5.00
4.00
2.00
4.00
2.00
7.00
7.00
4.00
4.00
3.00

The Bulletin.

73

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Robertson's Special Foi'mula for Tobacco ....

Big Cropper High Grade Guauo

Robertson's X-(T Ray) Tobacco Grower

Yellow Jacket Tobacco Guano

Double Dollar Tobacco Guano

Double Dollar Soluble Guano

Ten Strike Soluble Crop Grower

M. C. Special Bone and Potasli Mixture

Robertson's 5 Per Cent Guano

Robertson's 7 Per Cent for Truck

Robertson's 10 Per Cent Truck Guano

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

F. 8. Royster Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Arrow Brand Thomas Phosphate Total

Royster's H. G. 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. .
Royster's H. G. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate . .

Royster's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Royster's Dissolved Bone

Royster's 12 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Royster's XX Acid Phosphate

Royster's 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Royster's Cotton Special

Seminole High Grade Fertilizer

Royster's Soluble Guano

Haywood County Special Guano

Royster's 10 and 6 Bone and Potash Mixture.
Royster's 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture.
Royster's 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Royster's Bone and Potash for Grain

Royster's Bone and Potash Mixture

Royster's 4-9-5 Special

Tomlinson's Special

Royster's 9-3-4 Special

Surry Special Tobacco Grower

Piedmont Special Cotton Grower

Royster's Meal Mixture

Royster's Cotton Grower

Viking Ammoniated Guano

Special Compound

Royster's Grain Grower

Royster's Special 1-9-2 Guano

Royster's Supreme Tobacco Guano

Royster's Best Guano

Cobb's High Grade for Tobacco

Cobb's H. G. for Cotton

Trucker's Delight

Jupiter High Grade Guano

Royster's H. G. Special Tobacco Guano

Milo Tobacco Guano

' Royster's Special 4-8-3 Guano

Gorham's Special

Lenoir Special Tobacco Guano

Royster's Sovereign Tobacco Grower

Eagle's Special Tobacco Guano

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00 .

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.85

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

2.00

8.25
14.85

2.00

• • • •

• • • •

50.00

• • • •

• • • •

12.00

21.50

3.71

• > • •

18.00

■ ■ • •

• • ■ ■

17.00

• • • •

• > > •

16.00

• • ■ •

• • • •

14.00

■ ■ ■ ■

. • ■ •

13.00

• • • ■

. . > ■

12.00

• • • •

5.00

12.00

• • • •

■ • • ■

11.00

• ■ • •

5.00

10.00

3.30

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

.82

3.00

10.00

• • • ■

6.00

10.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • • •

3.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

3.30

5.00

9.00

2.47

5.00

9.00

2.47

4.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.71

7.00

8.00

3.71

7.00

8.00

3.30

5.00

8.00

3.30

5.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

3.00

8.00

3.30

2.50

8.00

2.88

7.00

8.00

2.88

5.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

74

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Marlboro High Grade Cottou Grower

Bonanza Tobacco Guano

Royster's Special Sweet Potato Guano

Orinoco Tobacco Guano

Special Tobacco Compound

Roy.ster's Special Wheat Fertilizer

Royster'.s Complete Guano

Farmers' Bone Fertilizer

Webb'.s Korn King

Farmers' Bone Fertilizer for Tobacco

Jumbo Peanut Grower

Royster's 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. .
Royster's Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guano...

Royster's Early Truck Guano

Royal Special Potato Guano

Royal Potato Guano

Royster's 7 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. .

Royster's Peanut Special

Arrow Potato Guano

Royster's Irish Potato Guano

Yellow Bark Sweet Potato Guano

Royster's Special 5-6-5

Pasquotank Potato Guano

Royster's Tol)acco Maniire

Oakley's Special Tobacco Guano

Royster's 2-G-5 Special

Royster's Special 10 Per Cent Truck Guano..

Royster's Cabbage Guano

Harvey's Cabl)age Guano

Royster's Potato Guano

Presto Top Dresser

Royster's Ground Fish Scra)>

Royster's Special Top Dresser

Royster's 4-6-4 Special

Currituck Sweet Potato Guano

Royster's Ground Fish Scrap

Royster's 10-2-5 Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Magic Top Dresser

Cotton-seed Meal

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Manure Salts

Genuine German Kainit

Scotland Neck Guano Co., Scotland Neck, N. C. —

Our 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Our Bone and Potash Mixture

Biggs' H. G. Truck Guano

Noah Biggs C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano..

Noah Biggs' Special Tobacco Guano

Johnson's Bright Leaf Tobacco Guano

State Farm C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Tobacco

Guano

Farmers' C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano

Our Special C. S. M. Gviano

Johnson's Special Potato Guano

Our Best Peanut Guano

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

I'otasli.

Acid.

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.02

4.00

8.00

■ ■ > •

4.00

7.00

5.77

7.00

7.00

4.12

8.00

7.00

4.12

7.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

7.00

• ■ • •

5.00

7.00

5.00

6.00

5.77

5.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

4.12

5.00

6.00

3.30

8.00

6.00

3.30

7.00

6.00

3..30

4.00

6.00

1.65

5.00

5.00

8.24

3.00

5.00

8.22

2.50

5.00

6.59

3.00

5.00

4.94

7.00

4.00

8.22

4.00

4.00

8.22

■ • • •

4.00

6.18

2.50

4.00

4.94

4.00

4.00

2.47

8.00

3.00

8.22

. . • ■

2.00

8.22
15.22

5.00

7.42

3.00

6.17

. . • •

> « • •

■ • > •

4S.00

....

48.00

• • ■ ■

• • • •

20.00

....

....

12.00

16.00

. . • •

....

10.00

• > ■ >

4.00

8.00

4.12

5.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.50

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

5.77

7.00

5.50

1.23

5.50

The Bulletin.

75

Name and Address of Manufactui-er and Name of Brand.

K. Elite Top Dressing

Niti-ate of Soda

Noali Biggs Top Dresser

Our Genuine German Kaiuit

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

3.00 •

7.40
15.50

3.50

• • • •

7.46

3.50

■ • • •

• • • •

12.00

The t'^outhn-n Cotton Oil Co., Concord, Davidson,
tSJiclbi/, Gibson, Monroe, and Wadcshoro —

S. C. O. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Gold Seal Acid Phosphate

Conqueror Bone and Potash

Magnolia Bone and Potash

King Bee

Adams' Favorite

Uncle Sam

Home Made

Razem

Special Grain Grower

Special Ash Element

Choice

Con(ii;eror

Canto

Melonite

Peacock '.

Moon

Landsake

Red Bull

All-to-Good ,

Gloria

Double Two

S. C. O. Co.'s Ash Element

Dandy Top Dresser

Peerless Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Labi

Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

The SoKthern Exchange Co., Maxton, N. C. —

S. E. C. Acid Phosphate

S. E. C. Acid Phosphate

S. E. C. Bone and Potash Mixture

S. E. C. Bone and Potash Mixture

Juicy Fruit Fertilizer

The Walnut Fertilizer

Melon Grower

McKimmon's Special Truck Formula

Two Fours Guano

Southern Exchange Co.'s Bright Tobacco

Formula

That Big Stick Guano

Bull of the Woods Fertilizer

' Marietta Supply Co.'s Best

Jack's Best Fertilizer

Correct Cotton Compound

R. M. C. Special Crop Grower

Clark's Special Compound

16.00

• • ■ •

• • • •

14.00

* < > >

. . • •

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

• > • •

2.00

9.17

1.65

2.00

9.00

2.47

4.50

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.05

3.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

.82

3.00

8.50

....

3.50

8.00

3.30

6.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

S.OO

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.(K)

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.50

> * > •

4.50

4.00

9.07

2.50

4.00

6.17
15.00

2.50

• > • •

8.99

17.00

• • • •

8.22

3.00

• « ■ •

• • • >

48.00

• ■ • •

■ . • •

48.00

• • • ■

• • • ■

12.00

16.00

■ ■ . *

. . . •

14.00

■ . • •

* . • •

10.00

■ ■ ■ •

4.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

8.50

2.06

2.50

8.00

4.11

7.00

8.00

4.11

7.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

76

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Southern Excliange Co.'s Special Tobacco Fer-
tilizer

Currie Crop Lifter

The Racer Guano

The Coou Guano

The Southern Exchange Co.'s Top Dresser. . .

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kaiuit

Spartanburg Fertilizer Co., Spartanburg, S. C. —

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

14 Per Cent Acidulated Phosphate 14.00

Staff of Life 13.00

West's Potash Acid 13.00

13-3 Potash Acid 13.00

Nitro Blood 12.50

12-6 12.00

Wheat Formula 11.50

Gosnell's Plant Food 10.50

N. C. Special 10.50

Corn Formula 10.50

King Tiger 10.00

10-4 10.00

Dana's Best 10.00

Melrose 10.00

10-2 10.00

Boll Buster 9.20

Grain Compound 9.20

Hummer 9.00

Tiger Brand 9.00

Unaka 8.00

Glencoe 8.00

Corn Grower 8.00

Corn Maker 8.00

Corn King 8.00

C. C. & O. Special 8.00

Potato Guano 7.00

Sulphate Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Kainit ....

Swift Fertilizer Works, Atlanta, Ga., Wilmington,

N. C, and Chester, S. C—

Swift's Raw Bone Meal Total 23.00

Swift's Pure Bone Meal Total 23.00

Swift's Special 16.00

Swift's Cultivator 14.00

Swift's Harrow 13.00

Swift's North Carolina Special 12.00

Swift's Special 12.00

Swift's Atlanta 12.00

Swift's Chattahoochee 12.00

Swift's Farmers' Special 10.00

Swift's Special High Grade Guano 10.00

Swift's Corn and Cotton Grower 10.00

Swift's Eagle 10.00

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potasli.

Acid.

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

4.00

8.23

2.00

....

15.00

• • • •

....

• • • .

49.00

....

• • • .

12.00

.82

3.00

■ • • a

3.00

• • • >

3.00

1.65

2.50

• • • •

6.00

1.21

5.00

2.46

2.00

1.65

8.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

3.00

• • • ■

4.00

• • • •

4.00

• • • •

2.00

• • • •

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

3.00

.82

3.00

3.29

4.00

2.46

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.46

7.00

20.65

• . • ■

14.81

....

• • • •

48.00

• • • •

12.00

3.70
2.47

1.65

2.00
6.00
4.00

3.29
3.29
2.47
1.65

4.o6

3.00
3.00
2.00

The Bulletin,

77

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Swift's Planters' Special

Swift's Plow Boy

Swift's Atlanta

Swift's Farmers' Home

Swift's Field and Farm

Swift's Wheat Grower

Swift's Special

Swift's Blood, Bone and Potash

Swift's Champion

Swift's Special Cotton Grower

Swift's Cotton King

Swift's Special Cotton Guano

Swift's Gold Medal

Swift's Farmers' Favorite

Swift's Cotton Plant

Swift's Special

Swift's Special Formula

Swift's Cape Fear

Swift's Special Tobacco Grower High Grade.

Swift's Majestic for Tobacco High Grade

Swift's Monarch

Swift's Cotton-seed Meal Compound

Swift's Quick Growth Tobacco Fertilizer ....

Swift's Strawberry Grower

Swift's Piedmont Tobacco Grower

Swift's Carter's Prolific

Swift's Carolina Tobacco Grower

Swift's Ruralist

Swift's Cotton-seed Meal Compound

Swift's Gold Leaf Tobacco Grower

Swift's Braswell Formula

Swift's Sumatra Tobacco Grower

Swift's Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower

Swift's Pioneer Tobacco Grower

Swift's Clark's Special Cotton Grower

Swift's Red Steer

Swift's Golden Harvest

Swift's Thompson's Special

Swift's Special Peanut Grower

Swift's Golden Grain Grower

Swift's Golden Grain Grower

Swift's Plantation

Swift's Carolina 7 Per Cent Special Trucker.

Swift's Special Irish Potato Grower

Swift's Potato Grower

Swift's Early Trucker

Swift's Special High Grade

Swift's Special Trucker

Swift's Favorite Truck Guano

Swift's Special Potato Grower

Swift's Special Tobacco Grower

Swift's Special 10 Per Cent Blood and Bone

Trucker

' Swift's Superior Top Dresser

Swift's Plant Bed Tobacco Fertilizer

Swift's Fruiter Top Dresser

Swift's Special Top Dresser

Swift's Excelsior Top Dresser

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potasli.

Acid.

10.00 .

.82

3.00

10.00

.82

1.00

10.00

....

5.00

10.00

. • ■ •

4.00

10.00

. . • •

2.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.50

4.12

3.00

9.50

3.29

7.00

9.00

2.47

4.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

,82

2.00

8.00

4,12

3.00

8.00

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

2.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

8.00

2.47

6.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.50

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

5.00

8.00

,82

4.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

,82

4.00

8.00

• ■ • ■

4.00

7.00

5,76

7.00

7.00

4.12

8.00

7.00

4.12

7.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

7.00

3.29

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

6.00

4.94

6.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

3.29

6.00

5.00

8.23

3.00

5.00

8.23

3.00

5.00

6.58

2.00

5.00

-4.94

2.50

4.00

8.23

4.00

4.00

6.18

2,00

78

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Swift's Everett's Special Formula

Swift's No. 1 Ground Tankage

Swift's rure Nitrate of Soda

Swift's Groun<l Dried Blood

Swift's Special Top Dresser

Cotton-seed Meal

Swift's Special Top Dresser

Swift's Nitrogen and Potash. No. 1

Swift's Nitrogen and Potash. No. 2

Swift's Cotton-seed Meal High Grade

Swift's Muriate of Potash

Swift's Sulphate of Potash

Swift's Pure German Kainit

Tidnrater Gkoho Co., Xorfo]],-. Va. —

Thomas Phosphate Total

B. B. Yellow Tohacco Grower

Tuscarora Fertilizer Co., Atlanta, Ga., and Wil-
mington. X. C. —

Tuscai'ora High Grade Trucker

Union Abattoir Co., Xorfoll-. Tr/.. a)id Xew Hern.

X. C—

Acid Phosphate

Acid Phosphate

Rod Star Potash and Soluhle Bone

Johnson's High Grade

Red Star II. G. Guano

Cotton Guano

Red Star Cotton Guano

Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Standard Guano

Muriate of Potash

Ka iiiit ,

Union Guano Co., M'in.itrjn-Salern, X. C. — ■

Pure Raw Animal Bone Meal

Union 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Union High Grade Acid Phosphate

Dis.solved Animal Bone Meal

Union Dissolved Bone

Union 12-6 Bone and Potash

Union 12-5 Bone and Potash

Union 12-4 Bone and Potash

Union 12-3 Bone and Potash

Union 12-2 Bone and Potash

Union 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Liberty Bell Crop Grower

Union Prolific Cotton Compound

Union S]3ecial Formula for Cotton

Union Mule Brand Guano

Grain Chemicals

Union 10-6 Bone and Potash

Union 10-5 Bone and Potash

Union 10-4 Bone and Potash

Quakers Grain Mixture

Giant Phosphate and Potash

A

vail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

4.00

3.29

3.00

3.50

9.06

• • • >

• • • •

14.82

• • . -

13.18

■ ■ ■ ■

8.23

4.00

7.50

• • • •

7.40

4.00

7.40

3.00

6.58
6.18

4.00

50.00
49.00
12.00

17.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

6.00

4.11

.00

16.00

. . . •

....

14.00

....

....

10.00

....

4.00

9.00

2.06

5.00

8.75

2.00

2.00

8.00

3.28

4.00

8.00

2.50

1.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

50.00
12.00

20.60

3.71

. . . >

16.00

• . > ■

....

14.00

13.00

2.06

13.00

....

12.00

6.00

12.00

5.00

12.00

4.00

12.00

3.00

12.00

2.00

12.00

....

10.50

1.50

10.00

3.29

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

1.03

6.00

10.00

6.00

10.00

....

5.00

10.00

■ ■ • •

4.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

....

3.00

The Bulletin.

79

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Fiiieli & Harris's Special Bone and Potasli
Mixture

Union Bone and Potasli

Union Gold Leaf Tobacco Mixture

Union lienowu Guano

Union Complete Cotton Mixture

Farmers' Blood and Bone (Juano

Dixie Cotton Gro\Yer

Q. and Q. (Quality and (Quantity) Guano....

B. S. Ammonia ted Guano

Union Guano for Tobacco

Union Premium Guano

Bright Leaf Tobacco Compound

Union Homestead Guano

Victoria High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer

Union Water Fowl (iuano

Union Standard Tol)acco Grower

Union Potato Mixture

Old Honesty Guano

Fish Brand Ammoniated Guano for Tobacco.

Old Honesty Tobacco Guano

Fish Brand Ammoniated Guano

Union Superlative Guano

Sunrise Ammoniated Guano

Union S-5 Bone and Potash

Union Wheat Mixture

Union Vegetable Compound

L^nion Truck Guano

Com]ilete Mixture for Top Dressing

Special 10 Per Cent Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Union Top Dresser Ammonia and I'otash Mix-
ture

Cotton-seed Meal

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

L'nited States Fertilizer Co., Baltimore. Md. —

Raw Bone Meal Total

Farm Bell Acid Phosphate

Farm Bell Acid Phosphate

Farm Bell Phospho Potassa

Farm Bell Potash and Acid

Farm Bell 10-5 Mixture

Farm Bel! Special Mixture

Farm Bell Alkaline Mixture

Farm Bell Big Yield

White Oak Mountain Tobacco (Juano

Farm liell Harvest Moon

Farm Bell Buckeye Guano

Farm Bell Blood, Bone and Potash

Farm Bell Excelsior Guano

, Farm Bell Majestic Guano

Farm Bell Tobacco Fertilizer

Farm P>ell Cotton Special

Farm Bell Tobacco Special

Farm Bell Crop Grower

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen. Potash.

Acid.

10.00 '

3.00

10.00

• • • ■

2.00

9.00

3.00 6.00

9.00

2.47 3.00

9.00

1.65 3.00

9.00

1.65 3.00

9.00

1.65 2.00

9.00

1.65 1.00

9.00

.81

> 3.00

8.00

3.29 6.00

8.00

3.29 4.00

8.00

2.75 7.00

8.00

2.4'

3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.08 3.00

8.00

2.06 2.00

s.oo

1.65 10.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

.82 4.00

8.00

.81

> 3.00

8.00

. . .

5.00

8.00

> . •

4.00

7.00

4.11

'. 8.00

7.00

3.29 5.00

4.00

6.18 4.00

2.00

8.24 2.50

14.81

)

7.41

I 3.00

■ ■ > ■

6.1S

....

...

48.00

• • . •

• . •

48.00

12.00

22.50

3.69

16.00

• • •

....

14.00

• • •

....

12.00

5.00

10.00

. . *

6.00

10.00

. . .

5.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

• • .

2.00

9.00

2.4'

4.00

9.00

2.4f

J 3.0O

9.00

.81

! 3.00

9.00

.81

J 2.00

S.OO

4.1]

L 7.00

8.00

3.2^

i 7.00

8.00

3.2,«

^ 4.00

S.OO

2.41

4.00

S.OO

2.41

3.00

8.00

2.41

3.00

8.00

2.0(

) 3.00

80

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Farm Bell Tomato Special

Farm Bell Tobacco Grower

Farm Bell Fruit and Potato Guano

Farm Bell Animal Ammoniated

Farm Bell Standard Guano

Farm Bell Standard for Tobacco

Farm Bell Wheat, Oat, Corn Special

Farm Bell Pennant Winner

Farm Bell Pliosphate and Potash

Farm Bell Wheat and Grass Grower

Farm Bell Truckers' Ideal

Farm Bell Potato and Tobacco Guano

Farm Bell Klimax Kompound

Farm Bell 7 Per Cent Trucker

Farm Bell Truckers' Favorite ...

Farm Bell Lightning Topper

Farm Bell Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Kainit

Vance Guano Co., Henderson, N. C. —

Best Grade Acid Phosphate

• Vance High Grade Acid Phosphate

Vance Corn and Grain Grower

Farmers' Union

Brodie's Best

Fish Brand Tobacco Manure

Sterling Cotton Grower

Hot Stuff

Vance Top Dresser

Venahle Fertilizer Co., Richmond, Va. —

Pure Animal Bone Total

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Venable Best Acid Phosphate

H. G. Acid Phosphate

Venable's Dissolved Bone

Venable's Majestic Bone and Potash Mixture.

Venable's Standard Acid Phosphate

Venable's Corn, Wheat and Grass Fertilizer.

High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture

Bone and Potash Mixture "

Venable Carolina Favorite

Venable's 3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer

Roanoke Mixture

Roanoke Meal Mixture

Venable's Majestic Guano

Venable's B. B. P. Manure

Majestic Grain Guano

Venable's Wheat Grower

Venable's 5 Per Cent Trucker

Venable's Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Venable's Sovereign Guano

Venable's 4 Per Cent Trucker

Venable's H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

1.65

10.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

6.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

> • • •

5.00

8.00

• • • ■

4.00

7.00

4.11

8.00

7.00

2.47

10.00

7.00

.82

4.00

6.00

5.75

5.00

6.00

3.28

8.00

4.00

8.20

3.00

4.00

6.58
20.50
15.50

2.00
50.00

• • ■ ■

• • ■ •

48.00

a • • ■

• • • •

12.00

16.00

• • • •

• • • •

14.00

• • • ■

• • . .

10.00

1.00

3.50

9.00

3.00

3.00

8.00

4.00

4.00

8.00

3.00

3.00

8.00

2.00

2.00

8.00

2.00

2.00

3.00

10.00

5.00

25.00

2.47

22..50

3.70

....

16.00

• • ■ •

....

14.00

■ • • •

. > . •

13.00

....

....

12.00

■ • • •

5.00

12.00

■ • • •

• . • •

10.00

.82

1.00

10.00

> . • •

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

9.00

2.47

6.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

4.11

5.00

8.00

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

The Bulletin.

81

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Fa rmers' Union H. G. Tobacco Guano

Yenable's Choice Fertilizer

Venahle's H. G. Cotton Guano

Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manui'e, No. 1...

Venable's Cotton Grower

Venable's Roanoke Special

Venable's Ideal Manure

Our Union Tobacco Fertilizer

Farmers' Union Special Tobacco Fertilizer...

Venable's Meal Mixture

Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manure, No. 2...

Our Union Special Fertilizer

Planter's Bone Fertilizer

Venjible's Peanut Special

Venable's Grain Special

Venable's Alliance Bone and Potash Mixture.

Venable's Peanut Grower

Venable's 10 Per Cent Trucker

Venable's 6-6-6 Manure

Venable's Top Dresser

Majestic Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

High Grade German Potash

Pure German Kainit

Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co., Richmond, Va.—

V.-C. C. Co.'s Floats Total

V.-C. e. Co.'s Concentrated Acid Phosphate..

V.-C. C. Co.'s Pure Raw Bone Total

V.-C. C. Co.'s Jolnison's Best

V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Bone and Potash.

V.-C. C. Co.'s 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate..

V.-C. C. Co.'s Star Brand Ground Slag

V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Ammoniated ....

V.-C. C. Co.'s Climax Potash Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Alliance Acid Plmsphate

V.-C. C. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate...

V.-C. C. Co.'s Sludge Acid Phosphate

V.-C. C. Co.'s 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. . .

V.-C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Animal Bone.. Total

V.-C. C. Co.'s 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate...

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special High Grade Potash Mix-
ture

V.-C. C. Co.'s H. G. Potash Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Goodman's Special Potash Mix-
ture

V.-C. C. Co.'s 12-4 Grain Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Wythe County Potash Mixture.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Crop Grower

, V.-C. C. Co.'s Battle's Crop Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate...

V.-C. C. Co.'s Home Comfort Acid Phosphate.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Virginia 11-5 Bone and Potash.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Electric H. G. Special

6

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

8.00

■ • ■ ■

4.00

6.00

8.23

2.00

6.00

4.94

6.00

4.00

8.23

4.00

4.00

6.17

2.50

• • • ■

19.75

• • • •

• • • ■

15.63

• > • ■

7.40

3.00

• • ■ •

....

50.00

• • ■ •

• . . .

48.00

16.00
12.00

27.00

• • • •

• • > •

24.00

■ • • •

• • < ■

20.60

3.71

« ■ • >

20.00

4.94

6.00

20.00

• • • •

4.00

17.00

17.00

• ■ • ■

• ■ • •

16.00

3.29

4.00

16.00

• • • •

2.00

16.00

• • • •

• • • •

16.00

• • • •

14.00

• • • ■

• • • •

14.00

• • ■ •

• • • •

13.00

2.06

• ■ ■ •

13.00

12.00

6.00

12.00

5.00

12.00

5.00

12.00

• • • •

4.00

12.00

• • • •

3.00

12.00

■ • • •

3.00

12.00

• » • •

3.00

12.00

....

• • • •

12.00

■ • • •

• • • •

11.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

3.29

4.00

82

The Bulletin.

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Plios.

Acid.

-C. C. Co.'s Ideal Crop Grower 10.00

-C. C. Co.'s Special Grain Mixture 10.00

-C. C. Co.'s Sovereign Crop Producer 10.00

-C. C. Co.'s H. G. Southern Fertilizer Com-
panies Scott's Gos.sypium Phospho 10.00

-C. C. Co.'s Ford's Wheat and Corn Guano. 10.00

-C. C. Co.'s Grain Special 10.00

-C. C. Co.'s Standard Bone and Potash.... 10.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Crescent Potash Mixture 10.00

-C. C. Co.'s Special Potash Mixture 10.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash.... 10.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Best's H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer. 9.00
-C. C. Co.'s Great Texas Cotton Grower

Soluble Guano 9.00

.-C. C. Co.'s 3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Jeffrey's High Grade Guano... 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s N. and R.'s Best 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Westfield Special H. G. Tobacco

Grower 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Grey Soil Special H. G. Tobacco

Grower 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Powell's Special H. G. C. S. M. 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Southern Cotton Grower C. S. M. 9.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Vececo Cotton Grower C. S. M. 9.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Cotton Grower 9.00

-C. O. Co.'s Best's Special Cotton Grower.. 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Prolific Cotton Grower C. S. M. 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s White Stem C. S. M 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Standard Cotton Grower C. S. M. 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Cotton Grower 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Bumper Crop Grower 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Cuban Special Mixture 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Cock's Soluble Guano H. G. Ani-
mal Bone 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s No. 923 Guano 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Reliable Cotton Brand Fertilizer 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s North State Guano C. S. M 9.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Grain Mixture 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Bigelow's Crop Guano 9.00

-C. C. Co.'s Burnhardt's Grain and Crop

Guano 9.00

.-C. C. Co.'s McCormick's Wheat and Grain

Guano 9.00

^-C. C. Co.'s Baltimore Special Mixture 9.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Farmer's Friend Favorite Fer-
tilizer Special 8.50

^-C. C. Co.'s Powhatan Crop Mixture 8.50

-C. C. Co.'s Pelican Peruvian Guano (Peli-
can Truck Grower and Top Dresser) 8.00

^-C. C. Co.'s Muse's Special 8.00

-C. C. Co.'s Enterprise High Grade 8.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Long Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Old Dominion Special Mixture

for Tobacco 8.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Alliance H. G. Manure 8.00

.-C. C. Co.'s Fish and Meal Mixture 8.00

^-C. C. Co.'s Carr's Crop Grower 8.00

^-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Choice 8.00

V.
V.
V.
V.-

V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.

v.-

V.
V.
V.
V.

I

v.-

I

V.
V.
V.
V.
V.

v.-

V.
V.
V.
V.

v.-

V.

V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.

V.
V

V.
V.

V.
V.
V.
V.

Y.-
V.
V.
V.

itrogen.

Potash.

2.47

3.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

2.00

1.05

2.00

.82

2..50

• • • •

6.00

• • • •

5.00

• • • •

5.00

• • ■ •

4.00

• • • •

2.00

2.47

7.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.26

3.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.06

5.00

1.85

4.00

1.85

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

1.00

1.03

2.00

.82

3.00

.82

3.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.50

4.12

5.00

3.70

7.00

3.29

11.00

3.29

5.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

The Bulletin.

83

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

V.-C. C. Co.'s John F. Croom & Bro. Fish and
Meal Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special

V.-C. C. Co.'s Nowell & Richardson's Special..

V.-C. C. Co.'s Croom's Crop Grower, Best for
All Crops

V.-C. C. Co.'s Formula 161 for Tobacco

V.-C. C. Co.'s High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer,

V.-C. C. Co.'s Valentine Special

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Excelsior H. G. Special

V.-C. C. Co.'s Lion's High Grade Tobacco Fer-
tilizer

V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Success

V.-C. C. Co.'s Myatt's Special H. G. Fertilizer.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Alliance Special Fertilizer •

V.-C. C. Co.'s Croom's Special Cotton Ferti-
lizer, Fish and Meal Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Menhaden Fish and Meal Mix-
ture

V.-O. C. Co.'s Best's H. G. Cotton and Tobacco
Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Diamond C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Jumbo Peruvian Guano, Jumbo
Crop Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Oldham's Special Compound for
Tobacco, High Grade

V.-C. C. Co.'s Blake's Best

V.-C. C. Co.'s Royal High Grade Fertilizer...

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special High Grade Tobacco Fer-
tilizer C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Adams' Special

V.-C. C. Co.'s Peruvian H. G. Tobacco Guano.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Red Cliff H. G. Cotton Grower.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Zeno Special Compound for To-
bacco H. G

V.-C. C. Co.'s 3-8-3 Tobacco Fertilizer

V.-C. C. Co.'s Gold Medal H. G. Tobacco Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Blake's H. G. Cotton and To-
bacco Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Atlas Guano C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Admiral C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Good Luck C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Split Silk C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s 3 Per Cent Special C. S. M.
Guano, No. 3

V.-C. C. Co.'s Orange Grove Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Delta C. S. M. Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Royal Crown

V.-C. C. Co.'s Superlative C. S. M. Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Blue Star C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Potato and Cabbage Special. . . .

V.-C. C. Co.'s Smith's Irish Potato Guano

< V.-C. C. Co.'s Pace's 5 Per Cent Special Potato
Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Bone Favorite

V.-C. C. Co.'s Monarch Brand

V.-C. C. Co.'s Boon's Favorite

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

8.00
8.00
8.00

3.29
3.29
3.29

4.00
4.00
4.00

8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00

3.29
3.29
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47

4.00
4.00
10.00
7.00
6.00
5.O0

8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00

2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47

4.00
4.00
3.00
3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00
8.00

2.47
2.47

3.00
3.00

8.00

2.47

}.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.47

2.00

8.00

2.26

2.50

8.00

2.26

2.50

8.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

10.00

8.00

1.65

10.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

84

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

V.-C. C. Co.'s- Valley Pride

V.-G. C. Co.'s Corn and Peanut Special

V.-C. C. Co.'s Maultsby's Fish Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Alliance Grain Fertilizer

V.-C. C. Co.'s Winston Special for Cotton

V.-C. C. Co.'s Diamond Dust C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Plant Food C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Wilson's Standard C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Ajax C. S. M. Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Favorite Fertilizer
C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Monarch Wheat and Grass
Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Peanut Gi'ower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Electric Grain and Grass Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Peerless Corn, Wheat and Grass
Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Peanut Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s The Harvester

V.-C. C. Co.'s Pinnacle Grain Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s 8-5 Potash Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Potash Mixture for Peanuts

V.-C. C. Co.'s Jones' Grain Special

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Wheat Compound

V.-C. C. Co.'s Truck Crop Fertilizer

V.-C. C. Co.'s Konqueror H. G. Truck Fertil-
izer

V.-C. C. Co.'s Pasquotank Trucker

V.-C. C. Co.'s Potash Potato Producer

V.-C. C. Co.'s Formula 44 for Bright Wrappers
and Smokers

V.-C. C. Co.'s Plant Bed and High Grade To-
bacco Fertilizer

V.-C. C. Co.'s Invincible High Grade Fertilizer

V.-C. C. Co.'s Kitty Hawk Truck Fertilizer. . .

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Truck Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Money Maker for Cabbage and
Potatoes

V.-C. C. Co.'s Clinton Special H. G

V.-C. C. Co.'s 10 Per Cent Top Dresser Extra
H. G

V.-C. C. Co.'s Fish Scrap

V.-C. O. Co.'s Dewberry Special

V.-C. C. Co.'s Dewberry Special Extra H. G.. .

V.-C. C. Co.'s High Grade Top Dresser

V.-C. C. Co.'s Sulphate of Ammonia

V.-C. C. Co.'s Nitrate of Soda

V.-C. C. Co.'s Blood

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Top Dresser

V.-C. C. Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal

V.-C. C. Co.'s Muriate of Potash

V.-C. C. Co.'s Sulphate of Potash

V.-C. C. Co.'s Manure Salts

V.-C. C. Co.'s Kainit

Allison & Addison's Fulton Acid Phosphate...

Allison & Addison's I. X. L. Acid Phosphate. .

Allison & Addison's Standard Acid Phosphate

Allison & Addison's Rockets Acid Phosphate..

Avail.

Phos. Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00 1.65

4.00

8.00 1.65

4.00

8.00 1.65

3.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 1.00

7.00

8.00 1.00

4.00

8.00 1.00

4.00

8.00 1.00

4.00

8.00 .82

4.00

8.00 .82

3.00

S.OO .82

3.00

8.00

5.00

8.00

4.00

8.00

4.00

8.00

4.00

7.00 4.12

7.00

7.00 4.12

5.00

7.00 3.29

8.00

7.00 3.29

8.00

7.00 2.55

3.20

7.00 2.26

6.00

6.00 4.12

7.00

6.00 4.12

7.00

6.00 4.12

7.00

6.00 1.65

10.00

5.00 2.47

5.00

4.00 8.24

4.00

4.00 8.24

• > • •

4.00 6.59

■ • • •

4.00 6.56

4.00

4.00 6.17

2.50

, ,

20.59

■ • • •

, ,

14.82

• • • •

, ,

13.18

• • • •

, ,

7.41

3.00

6.15

48.66

• "

. . • •

48.00
20.00
12.00

14.(

X)

• • • ■

13.(

)0

• • • •

12.(

)0

....

12.(

X)

• • • •

The Bulletin.

85

Avail.
Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Allison & Addison's McGavock's Special Pot-
ash Mixture 10.00

Allison & Addison's B. P. Potash Mixture 10.00

Allison & Addison's Star Brand Special To-
bacco Manure 9.00

Allison & Addison's Star Brand Special H. G. 9.00

Allison & Addison's Star Brand Guano 9.00

Allison & Addison's Little Giant Grain and

Grass Grower 9.00

Allison & Addison's Anchor Brand Tobacco

Fertilizer 8.50

Allison & Addison's Star Brand Vegetable
Guano 8.00

Allison & Addison's A. A. Guano 8.00

Allison & Addison's Anchor Brand Fertilizer. 8.00

Allison & Addison's Old Hickory Guano 8.00

Allison & Addison's Peanut Grower 8.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka

Acid Phosphate 16.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Valley

of Virginia Phosphate 14.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Cren-
shaw Acid Phosphate 13.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Our Acid

Phosphate 12.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka

Bone and Potash Compound 10.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka

Ammoniated Bone Special for Tobacco 9.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Orient

Complete Manure 9.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia
Truckers 8.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka

Ammoniated Bone 8.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Orient

Special for Tobacco 8.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Peanut
Grower 8.00

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Carolina

Trucker 7.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s 15 Per Cent

Acid Phosphate 15.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Catawba

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Acid Phos-
phate 13.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Dayvault's
Special 12.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Dissolved

Bone ' 12.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Oliver's Per-
fect Wheat Grower 11.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s 10-2 Bone

' and Potash 10.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s High Grade

Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Queen of the

Harvest C. S. M 9.00

Nitrogen.

Potasli.

2.00

• • ■ •

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.06

5.00

1.65

1.00

1.00

2.00

2.26

2.00

3.75

4.00

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.00

4.00

2.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

2.00

4.12

5.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.00

4.00

5.76

7.00

6.00

2.47

4.00

. . . .

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.65

2.00

86

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s McCrary's
Diamond Bone and Potash

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Groom's Spe-
cial Tobacco Fertilizer

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Catawba
Guano B. G

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Special 8 Per
Cent Guano C. S. M

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated
Guano B. G

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated
Guano C. S. M

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s The Leader
B. G

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s King Cotton
Grower

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade
Acid Phosphate

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade
Dissolved Bone

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Acid Phosphate.

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Dissolved Bone.

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Acid Pho.sphate
with Potash

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Iligh Grade 3
Per Cent Soluble Guano

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Special Tobacco
Guano

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Truck Guano..

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Guano for To-
bacco ".

Davie & Whittle's Vinco Guano

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Guano

Davie & Whittle's Peanut Grower

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Best Acid Phosphate.

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard High Grade
Acid Phosphate

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Excelsior Dissolved
Bone

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blacksburg Dissolved
Bone

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s N. C. Farmers' Alli-
ance Official Acid Phosphate

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Double Bone Phos-
phate

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Acid Phosphate

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Great Wheat and
Corn Grower

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Diamond Wheat Mix-
ture

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Wheat and
Corn Gi'ower

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blue Ridge Wheat
Grower

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Wheat
Grower .'

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Bone and Potash Mix-
ture

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s L. «& M. Special

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

9.00

3.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

2.00

8.00

2.06

1.50

8.00

2.06

1.50

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

....

....

14.00
13.00
12.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

2.06

3.00

9.00
8.00

2.06
4.94

2.00
5.00

8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
16.00

2.47
1.65
1.65
1.00

3.00
3.00
2.00
4.00

14.00

....

14.00

....

....

13.00

....

....

13.00

....

....

13.00
12.00

....

10.50

....

1.50

10.00

....

3.00

10.00

....

2.00

10.00

....

2.00

10.00

....

2.00

10.00
9.00

2.47

2.00
2.00

The Bolletin.

87

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Durham Fertilfeer Co.'s Standard Guano

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Ammouiated Fertil-
izer

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Special Plant and
Truck Fertilizer

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durham High Grade.

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Gold Medal Brand
Guano

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Yellow Leaf Tobacco
Guano

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s N. C. Farmers' Alli-
ance Official

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Pride of Durham To-
bacco (Grower

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Raw Bone Superphos-
phate for Tobacco

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Raw Bone Superphos-
phate

Durliam Fertilizer Co.'s Genuine Bone and Pe-
ruvian Guano

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Genuine Bone and Pe-
ruvian Guano for Tobacco

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blacksburg Soluble
Guano

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Progressive Farmer
Guano

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Peanut Grower

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Carr's Special Wheat
Grower

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Best Potato Manure.

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Ironside Acid Phos-
phate

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg High Grade
Acid Phosphate

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Arvonia Acid Phos-
phate

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Spartan Acid Phos-
phate

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Alpine Mixture

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s S. W. Special Bone
and Potash Mixture

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Dissolved Bone and
Potash

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Independent Standard

Lynchbui-g Guano Co.'s Bright Belt Guano...

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Solid Gold Tobacco
Guano

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Nev;^ Ei'a

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg Soluble. . .

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg Soluble for
Tobacco

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk
Reliable Acid Phosphate

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk
Best Acid Phosphate

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk
Soluble Bone

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk
Bone and Potash

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

8.00
8.00

4.12
3.29

3.00
4.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

2.06

1.50

8.00

1.65

2.0O

8.00

1.65

2.00*

8.00

1.65

2.0O

8.00
8.00

1.65
1.00

2.00
4.00

8.00
7.00

5.76

4.00
7.00

16.00

....

....

14.00

• • • •

....

13.00

....

■ • • •

12.00
10.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

8.50
8.00

1.65

2.47

2.00
2.00
3.00

8.00
8.00
8.00

2.26
1.65
1.65

4.00
3.00
2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

14.00

....

....

13.00

....

....

12.00

....

....

10.00

2.00

88

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk
Truck and Tomato Grower

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Amazon
High Grade Manure

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Bright
Leaf Tobacco Grower

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Amazon
H. G. Special Tobacco Guano

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Cooper's
Bright Tobacco Fertilizer

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Genuine
Slaughter House Bone Guano, Made Ex-
pressly for Tobacco

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Crescent
Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Genuine
Slaughter House Bone Guano

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Peanut
Grower

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s High Grade Acid
Phospha te

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Bone Phosphate..

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Royster's Acid
Phosphate

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Obelisk Brand
Bone and Potash

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Planter's Bone and
Potash Mixture ".

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Alkaline Bone and
Potash

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Home's Cotton Fer-
tilizer

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Standard Raw
Bone Soluble Guano

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend
High Grade Fertilizer

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Soluble
Bone High Grade Special Tobacco Manure.

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend
Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Osceola Tobacco
Guano

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend
Fertilizer

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Spe-
cial Wheat Guano

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Sol-
uble Tobacco Guano

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Bullock's Cotton
Guano

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Soluble Guano. . . .

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Peanut Grower...

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Miller's Special
Wheat Mixture

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 7-7-7 Truck Guano.

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Potato Manure —

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 7 Per Cent Truck
Fertilizer

Avail.
I»hos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potasli.

8.00

4.12

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

14.00

13.00

....

12.00

....

10.00

4.00

10.00

....

3.00

10.00

....

2.00

9.00

2.06

3.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.on

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

8.00

4.00

7.00

5.76

7.00

7.00

4.12

S.OO

6.00

5.76

6.00

The Bulletin.

89

Avail.
Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 6-7-5 Truck Guano. 6.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Special Sweet Po-
tato Guano 6.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 10 Per Cent Truck

Fertilizer 5.00

Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Almout High Grade
Acid Phosphate ; . . 14.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Fulp's Acid Phosphate.- 13.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Acid
Phosphate • 13.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Acid Phosphate. 12.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Acid
Phosphate 12.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Acid Phosphate
and Potash 10.50

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almout Wheat Mixture. 10.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Dissolved Bone and
Potash 10.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Stand-
ard Guano 9.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Truck Farmers' Special
Ammoniated Guano S.OO

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Ammoui-
ated Dissolved Bone 8.00

Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Old Kentucky High

Grade Tobacco Manure S.OO

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Belt Ammoni-
ated Guano 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Carolina Golden Belt

Ammoniated Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Powers' Ammoniated
Guano 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Gibbs' Ammoniated
Guano 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Soluble Am-
moniated Guano S.OO

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Solu-
ble Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Eagle Island Ammoni-
ated Guano 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Peanut Grower 8.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Comet 16 Per Cent
Acid Phosphate 16.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Click's 16 Per Cent
Acid Phosphate 16.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Red Cross 14 Per
Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Victor Acid Phos-
phate 13.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Chatham Acid Phos-
phate 13.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Reaper Grain Appli-
cation 12.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Tar Heel Acid Phos-

' phate 12.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Horseshoe Acid Phos-
phate 12.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Solid South 10.00

itrogen.

Potasli.

5.76

5.00

1.65

6.00

8.24

2.50

2.47

3.29

3.29

2.47

2.47

2.06

2.06

2.06

1.65

1.65

1.65
1.00

1.50
3.00

2.00

2.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

3.00

2.00

1.50

2.00

2.00

2.00
4.00

3.00

6.00

90

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Southern Chemical Co.'s Quickstep Bone and
Potash

Southern Chemical Co.'s Winner Grain Mix-
tui'e

Southern Chemical Co.'s Farmers' Pride Bone
and Potash

Southern Chemical Co.'s Winston Bone and
Potash •

Southern Chemical Co.'s Mammoth Corn
Grower

Southern Chemical Co.'s Mammoth Wheat and
Grass Grower

Southern Chemical Co.'s Sun Brand Guano. . .

Southern Chemical Co.'s George Washington
Plant Bed Fertilizer for Tobacco

Southern Chemical Co.'s Pilot Ammoniated
Guano Special for Tobacco

Southern Chemical Co.'s Electric Tobacco
Guano

Southern Chemical Co.'s Electric Standard
Guano

Southern Chemical Co.'s Yadkin Complete Fer-
tilizer

Southern Chemical Co.'s Click's Special Wheat
Compound

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Powhatan Acid Phos-
phate

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Dissolved S. C. Bone

J. G. Tinsley «& Co.'s Stonewall Brand Acid
Phosphate

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Bone and Potash Mixture

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Powhatan Tobacco Fer-
tilizer

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tobacco Fertilizer

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Richmond Brand Guano.

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Peruvian H. G. Tobacco
Guano

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Killickinick Tobacco Mix-
ture

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Appomattox Standard
Tobacco Grower

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Lee Brand Guano

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Tobacco
Guano

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Peanut Grower

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Special Irish Potato
Guano

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s 7 Per Cent Ammoniated
Guano for Truck

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Irish Potato Guano

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Strawberry Grower

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Top Dresser

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s 10 Per Cent Truck Guano

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Champion Acid Phos-
phate

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Dissolved Bone Phos-
phate

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Standard Dissolved S.
C. Bone

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

11.00

....

5.00

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

....

3.00

10.00

....

2.00

10.00

....

2.00

10.00
9.00

2.06

2.00
5.00

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

....

4.00

14.00
13.00

• • > •

• • • •

12.00
10.00

• ■ • •

• • ■ •

2.00

9.00
8.00
8.00

2.47
3.29
2.47

3.00
2.50
3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00
8.00

1.65
1.65

2.00
2.00

8.00
8.00

1.65
1.00

2.00
4.00

6.00

5.76

6.00

6.00
6.00
6.00
5.00
5.00

5.76
4.94
3.29
9.06

8.24

6.00
6.00
4.00

2.50

16.00

....

14.00

....

• • • •

13.00

The Bulletin.

91

Avail.
Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

S. W. Travel's & Co.'s Capital Dissolved Boue. 12.00

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Boue and Pot-
ash Compound 10.00

S. W. Travei-s & Co.'s National Tobacco Fer-
tilizer 8.50

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Truck Fer-
tilizer 8.00

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Tobacco Fer-
tilizer 8.00

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Big Leaf Tobacco
Grower 8.00

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Cotton Fer-
tilizer 8.00

S. W. Travers & Co.'s National Fertilizer 8.00

S. W. Travers & Co.'s National Special To-
bacco Fertilizer 8.00

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Beef Blood and Bone
Fertilizer 8.00

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Peanut Grower 8.00

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Special Wheat Com-
pound 8.00

S. W. Travers & Co.'s 7 Per Cent Truck Fer-
tilizer 6.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Bull Run Acid

Phosphate 16.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Brand

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Clipper Brand

Acid Phosphate 13.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Lurich Acid
Phosphate 12.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Alps Brand

Acid Phosphate 12.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Mountain Top

Bone and Potash 10.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s XX Potash Mix-
ture 10.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Dissolved Bone

and Potash 10.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Number One

Soluble Guano 9.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Highland King. 9.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gamecock Spe-
cial for Tobacco 8.50

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s High Grade To-
bacco Guano 8.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Bull Dog Solu-
ble Guano 8.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Dunnington's

Special Formula for Tobacco 8.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Peerless Special

Tobacco Guano 8.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Buffalo Guano. 8.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Austrian To-

' bacco Grower 8.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Spe-
cial Tobacco Guano 8.00

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Battle Ax To-
bacco Guano 8.00

Nitrogen.

Potash.

• • « •

2.00

1.85

2.25

3.29

3.00

3.29

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.65
1.00

5.76

2.00

2.00
4.00

4.00

5.00

5.00

4.00

. . . .

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

2.00

92

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia State
Guano

Virginia State P^'ertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Brand
Dissolved Bone and Potash

Wilson Chemical Co., Wilson, N. C. —

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Bone and Potash Mixture No. 3

Bone and Potash Mixture No. 2

Bone and Potash Mixture No. 1

8-4.50-7 for Tobacco

Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gold Medal Cotton

Grower

Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gold Medal Tobacco

Grower

Planters Formula No. 1

Planters Formula No. 2

W. C. Co.'s Gilt Edge Tobacco Grower

East Carolina Cotton Grower

East Carolina Tobacco Grower

Cotton States Standard

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

H. G. 16 Per Cent Kainit

Genuine German Kainit

Winborne Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. —

High Grade Acid Phosphate

Standard Acid Phosphate

Best Bone and Potash

Soluble Bone and Potash

Winborne's Triumph Guano

Winborne's King Guano

Winborne's Special Tobacco Guano

Winborne's Crop Grower

Winborne's Excelsior Guano

Florodora Eureka Guano

Climax Peanut Guano

Premium Top Dresser

Special 5-6-7 Truck Guano

Winborne's Tip Top Tobacco Guano

Winborne's Sweet Potato Guano

Big Crop 7 Per Cent Guano

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

T. W. Wood d Sons, Richmond, Va. —

Wood's Pure Animal Bone Meal Total

Ground Basic Slag Total

Standard H. G. Acid Phosphate

Standard High Grade Acid Phosphate

Standard Bone and Potash Mixture

Standard Corn Fertilizer

25.00
17.00
16.00
14.00
10.00
9.00

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

....

4.00

16.00

14.00

• ■ ■ •

• • • •

10.00

■ • • a

5.00

10.00

• ■ ■ •

4.00

10.00

■ • ■ •

2.00

8.00

3.70

7.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

8.00

2.47

7.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

• « • •

14.00

. • . •

• . ■ •

50.00

■ • • •

• • • •

50.00

• • • •

* • • •

16.00

• k > •

• • • •

12.00

16.00

■ . • •

• . > >

14.00

• . ■ «

• . . •

11.00

• . ■ .

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

, 2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

6.00

7.40

3.00

6.00

4.10

7.00

6.00

3.30

5.00

6.00

2.47

6.00

5.00

5.75
15.00

5.00

• . ■ •

• • . •

50.00

• • ■ •

. . • •

48.00

• ■ • •

1

• • • •

12.00

2.47

1.23

2.00
1.00

The Bulletin.

93

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Standard Wheat Fertilizer

Standard High Grade Truck Fertilizer

Standard Market Grower Fertilizer

Standard Irish Potato Fertilizer

Standard Vegetable Fertilizer

Standard Potato Fertilizer

Standard Grain and Grass Fertilizer

Standard Crop Grower Fertilizer

Wood's Lawn Enricher

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Kainit

The J. R. Young Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. —

J. R. Young's 3-8-3 Guano for Cotton

J. R. Young's New Process 2-8-2 Guano for

Tobacco

J. R. Young's New Process 2-8-2 Guano for

Cotton, Corn and Peanuts

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

9.00

1.23

1.00

8.00'

4.93

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.03

2.00

6.00

2.47

• 3.00

• • • ■

15.63

■ • • •

«...

• • • •

50.00

....

• • • •

48.00

....

....

12.00

s.oo

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR NOVEMBER, 1913.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 24,954,002

Pounds sold for dealers 1,173,148

Pounds resold for warehouses 1,324,539

Total 27,451,609

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR DECEMBER, 1913.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 21,345,788

Pounds sold for dealers 1,125,009

Pounds resold for warehouses 1,381,259

Total 23,852,056

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR JANUARY, 1914.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 8,556,946

Pounds sold for dealers 566,190

Pounds resold for warehouses 710,342

Total 9,833,478

' " ^ ' f^' A ^ V M :t T

THE BULLIETIIV

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 35, No. 4. APRIL, 1914 Whole No. 196

f Tf^* ■*►

Fertilizer Experiments with Cotton on the

Sandy Loam Soils (Norfolk Sandy

Loams) of the Coastal Plain

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Posto£5ce at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter,
February 7, ISOl, under Act of June 6, 1800.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

K. W. Babnes Lucama Second District.

R. L. WoodarT) Pamlico 'ihird District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh i'ourth District.

R. W. Scott . Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District.

C. 0. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

W. J. Shuford Hicliory Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones BooJikeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PicKEL Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar. Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart Assistant Chemist.

J. R. Mullen » .^ Assistant Chemist.

R. W. CCLLETT Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T W Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, JR Entomo ogist.

C. L. Metcalf Assii-tant Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLO WE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT Horticulturist.

S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sloan Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. B. WILLIAMS Chief in Agronomy.

J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R.' Y.' Winters Plant Breeding.

G M Garren : Assistant Agronomist in Crops.

*W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinklet Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins Soil Survey.

R. C. JURNEY Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

W H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

fALviN J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming.

JE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

tC R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

JT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

I A. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

$Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Gir's' Clubs.

Jmiss Margaret Scott Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

F. N. McDowell, Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. Puckett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. 0.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

*Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

fAssigned bv the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

tin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Hon. W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.
Sik: — I submit in manuscript a report covering experiments with
cotton on the Edgecombe Test Farm for the years 1903-'09, inclusive,
together with a discussion of the results. B. W. Kilgore and C. B.
Williams are responsible for the plans and conduct of the work in
1903-'07; B. "W. Kilgore and G. M. MacMder, 1907-'09. E. W. Pou
and E. W. Scott, Jr., had charge of the culture and handling of the crop
and E. L. Worthen and "W. C. Etheridge did the main work in putting
the results in tabular form. C. B. Williams is responsible for the con
elusions and the writing of it.

I recommend the publication of this report as the April Bulletin.
Very respectfully,

C. B. Williams,
Chief, Division of Agronomy.
Approved for printing:

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner.

FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS WITH COTTON ON THE

SANDY LOAM SOILS (NORFOLK SANDY

LOAMS) OF THE COASTAL PLAIN

Being a Report of Work with Cotton on the Edgecombe
Test Farm in 1903-1909, Inclusive

By B. W. Kilgoke, C. B. Williams, G. M. MacNider, and R. W. Scott, Jr.

GENERAL SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF FERTILIZER TESTS

1. The proper fertilization of cotton pays large profits, larger ones
than any other staple crop generally grown in the State. What this
fertilization should be on these and similar soils is shown by the results
of our experiments as given on the following pages.

2. In the production of cotton on this land with only two constituents
used nitrogen combined with potash afforded the largest net returns per
acre, while a mixture of nitrogen and phosphoric acid gave the smallest
profit. The use of phospphoric acid and potash averaged $4.06 more
profit per acre than phosphoric acid and nitrogen, but it' was not so great
by $6.24 per acre as that secured on an average by the use of a mixture
carrying nitrogen and potash.

The experiments as a whole show nitrogen to be the dominant or con-
trolling constituent of plant-food for increasing yields and adding the
greatest profit per acre in growing cotton on this type of soil.

3. The results show that lime alone has been used on an average at
a small profit. In combination with nitrogen, phosphoric acid and
potash to make a complete fertilizer it has shown an annual increased
profit of $6.17 per acre above the net returns secured from the use of
the complete fertilizer alone.

The results show that for cotton growing on this type of land the use
of moderate quantities of lime particularly in connection with a com-
plete fertilizer will prove quite profitable.

4. The amount of nitrogen used in the normal fertilizer (400 pounds
per acre), applied in these cotton experiments, was 2% per cent, or 10
pounds to the acre. This amount was varied so as to give 5, 10, 20 and
30 pounds of nitrogen per acre. The yields and profits per acre were
increased as the applications of nitrogen were made larger. As an
average of all the results on the two fields, both increase in the yield
due to fertilizer and in profit per acre were almost tripled by the use of
30 pounds of nitrogen with normal amounts of phosphoric acid and
potash over what they were where only 5 pounds of nitrogen was used
^^?ith normal amounts of phosphoric acid and potash. The former appli-
cation on an average gave a profit of $26.45 per acre over cost of ferti-
lizer applied. The increase of 25 pounds of nitrogen in the formula

G The Bulletin.

(from N^PK to N3PK) has resulted in returns on an average equiva-
lent to 69 cents for each pound of nitrogen added between 5 and 30
pounds per acre. The use of 30 pounds of nitrogen, with the exception of
the two and one-half times normal fertilizer application, was the most
profitable one tried. Five pounds of nitrogen would be supplied by 81
pounds of 7^ per cent cottonseed meal, by 40 pounds of 15 per cent
dried blood or by 34 pounds of 18 per cent nitrate of soda.

5. The amount of phosphoric acid in the normal fertilizer (400
pounds per acre) was 7 per cent which is equivalent to 28 pounds per
acre. This quantity was varied so as to apply 14, 28, 56 and 84 pounds
respectively of phosphoric acid per acre, with normal amounts of nitro-
gen and potash. These amounts of phosphoric acid would be supplied
by 100, 200, 400 and 600 pounds respectively of 14 per cent acid phos-
phate. The greatest net returns over cost of fertilizer per acre was
secured in the study of the most profitable quantity of phosphoric acid
to use on cotton, by the use of 28 pounds per acre.

6. The amount of potash in the normal fertilizer (400 pounds per
acre) was 2^ per cent, equivalent to 10 pounds per acre. Varying
this amount so as to apply 5, 10, 20 and 30 pounds per acre respectively,
the results indicate (with one apparently abnormal exception) that the
largest profit over cost of fertilizer from different quantities of potash
was obtained from the use of about 20 pounds of potash with normal
amounts of nitrogen and phosphoric acid. To supply 20 pounds per
acre of potash will require an application of 167 pounds of 12 per cent
kainit, 100 pounds of 20 per cent manure salt, or 40 pounds of 50 per
cent muriate or sulphate of potash.

7. Varying the amounts of the normal fertilizer applications from
200 to 1,000 pounds per acre gave progressively increased yields and
profits as the quantity of fertilizer was made larger, the results being
quite uniform on an average in this regard. The averages, after de-
ducting for cost of fertilizer showed the following net profits:

200 pounds of fertilizer per acre gave a profit of $ 5.95.
400 pounds of fertilizer per acre gave a profit of 11.45.
600 pounds of fertilizer per acre gave a profit of 23.70.
800 pounds of fertilizer per acre gave a profit of 31.63.
1,000 pounds of fertilizer per acre gave a profit of 34.47.

Putting this in a slightly different way, on an average the first 200
pounds of fertilizer yielded a net profit (after deducting for the cost of
ifertilizer) of $2.98 for each 100 pounds of fertilizer; the application of
400 pounds yielded $2.86 per 100 pounds; 600 pounds yielded $3.95
per 100 pounds; 800 pounds yielded $3.95 per 100 pounds; and 1,000
pounds yielded $3.45 profit per 100 pounds of fertilizer.

8. Comparisons of dried blood and nitrate of soda as sources of
nitrogen showed no great advantage one over the other in the production
of cotton on this type of soil. In the tests nitrate of soda was applied
one-half at planting and one-half about July 1, on one plat; one-half
was applied about July 1, the other half of the nitrogen coming from
dried blood, which was applied before planting on another plat, and

The Bulletin. 7

on a third plat nitrate of soda furnished one-fifth of the nitrogen, the
balance coming from dried blood, all being applied before planting.
The blood was applied one-half at planting and one-half about July 1,
on one plat ; one-half at planting, the rest of the nitrogen coming from
nitrate of soda which was applied July 1 on another plat, and on a third
plat four-fifths of the nitrogen was supi^lied by blaod and one-fifth by
nitrate of soda. The most economical method of application and the
one which made the highest yield of seed cotton was the one which
received half of the nitrogen as dried blood in the row at planting with
normal quantities of phosphoric acid and potash and the remaining
half of the nitrogen as a side dressing in the form of nitrate of soda
about July 1.

9. Where 400 pounds of fertilizer were applied each in the drill
before planting, broadcast before planting, and divided into two equal
parts, one-half being applied in the drill before planting and the other
half as a side dressing about July 1, the results are not uniform, but
on an average seem to indicate best returns from applying one-half
of the fertilizer in drill at planting and other half alongside the row
about July 1.

10. Where only 400 pounds is used to the acre the best and most
economical returns will be in the drill or alongside the row rather than
to be applied broadcast.

11. Our analyses of the various soils of the State indicate that these
results will apply to the sandy and fine sandy (Norfolk) loams of the
upper Coastal Plain section of the State.

12. In the production of cotton on these soils, taking the results here
reported as a whole, it is recommended that at least 400 pounds of
fertilizer be used and as much more as can be afforded up to 1,000
pounds per acre. The fertilizer can be most profitably applied in the
drill before planting; one-half at planting and the other half as a side
dressing about July 1 ; one-half of the nitrogen as blood, cottonseed meal,
fish scrap or tankage in the row at planting with all the phosphoric
acid and potash and the remaining nitrogen as nitrate of soda as a
side dressing about July 1 ; or all of the nitrogen in some of the recog-
nized organic forms of carriers of nitrogen with the phosphoric acid and
potash at planting.

On land deficient in humus or where no considerable leguminous
crops or residues have recently been plowed into the soil, the fertilizer
constituents should be contained in the mixture in about the proportion
of 7 per cent phosphoric acid, 7 per cent of nitrogen, and 5 per cent of
potash. The nitrogen may be all derived from blood, tankage, cotton-
seed meal, or similar products, or in part from one or all of these, and
in part (up to one-half) from nitrate of soda.

Kainit, manure salt, sulphate or muriate of potash may furnish the
potash, and acid phosphate the phosphoric acid.

Four hundred pounds of the above mixture would contain 28 pounds
of available phosphoric acid, 28 pounds of nitrogen and 20 pounds of
potash, and 1,000 pounds would contain 70 pounds of available phos-
phoric acid, 70 pounds of nitrogen, and 50 pounds of potash. The
required amounts of phosphoric acid in 400 and 1,000 pounds respect-

8 , The Bulletin.

ively of tliis mixture would be supplied by 175 pounds and 438 pounds
of 16 per cent acid phosphate; the nitrogen by 215 pounds and 538
pounds of 13 per cent (N.) dried blood; and the potash by 100 pounds
and 250 pounds of manure salt. Other materials or other grades of these
same materials may be used, and it will not be difficult, knowing just
what they contain, to use such quantities of them as will be necessary to
furnish the quantities cf plant food, having in mind that it is the
specific number of pounds of phosphoric acid, nitrogen and potash that
is desired, rather than a given weight of mixed fertilizer.

13. On a whole the results show that lime used at the rate of 1,000
pounds of slaked lime broadcast every two or four years has proven
profitable in cotton growing, when the lime was used in connection with
an application of the normal fertilizer.

The Bulletin.

I. FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS WITH COTTON ON THE SANDY
LOAM SOILS OF THE COASTAL PLAIN

Tliis is the fourth of a series of Bulletins giving the results of experi-
ments to determine the fertilizer or plant food needs of different soil
types of the State. The three previous reports issued as the June,
August and September (1910) Bulletins of this Department, gave —

1. Eesults of Fertilizer and Variety Experiments with Cow Peas on
Piedmont Red Clay Loam Soil (June).

2. Results of Fertilizer Experiments with Cotton on Piedmont Red
Clay Loam Soil ; and Varieties, Culture and Fertilization of Cotton on
Piedmont Red Clay Loam, Red Clay and Valley Soils (August).

3. Results of Fertilizer Experiments with Corn on Piedmont Red
Clay Loam ; and Variety Culture and Fertilization of Corn on Pied-
mont Red Clay Loam, Red Clay, and Valley Soils (September).

More attention is now being paid to the production of cotton than
ever before in the history of the State and fertilizers are used more
generally and in larger amounts on this crop than in former years.

Work Repoeted.

Cotton is our leading money crop. More commercial fertilizer is
used in fertilizing and growing this crop than any other. It responds
readily and profitably to proper fertilization. Some ten years ago
systematic experiments were begun to determine the fertilizer or plant-
food requirements for the most economical production of cotton on our
different cotton soils.

On the following pages are recorded the results of seven years' ferti-
lizer and variety tests of cotton on the Edgecombe Test Farm of this
Department, extending through the years 1903-1909 inclusive. The
work is being continued to collect further data, when cotton is grown
as it has been in the work here recorded, as well as in rotations with
other staple crops and soil-improving crops.

Location of Fakm and Character of Soil.

The Edgecombe Test Farm is located near the center of Edgecombe
County, on the main road between Tarboro and Rocky Mount, approx-
imately eight miles from either place. It is two miles south of Kings-
boro Station.

The main upland soil of this farm is representative of much of the
Coastal Plain Section of the State. It consists of a dark gray sandy
to fine sandy loam, eight to twelve inches deep, underlain by a yellow
sandy clay subsoil. The surface soil is light in texture, and is com-
monly very deficient in organic matter. It classifies as Norfolk sandy
to fine sandy loam. Like most of the sandy soil of the Coastal Plain,
the sand content is mostly silica (quartz sand) which contains no im-
portant plant food. The chemical analysis of this type of land shows
it to be universally deficient in nitrogen and phosphoric acid, and in

10 The Bulletin.

tlie southeastern part of the State, also in potash. The potash content
is much higher in the northern part of the Coastal Plain Section ; espe-
cially is this true northeast of Albemarle Sound. The soil of the Edge-
combe Test Farm is between these two extremes, approaching the low
rather than the high potash content. Consequently we could hardly ex-
pect the increase from the use of potash to be as great when used on this
character of soil in the counties to the north of Edgecombe, but in
those to the south its use should be accompanied with larger increases
and greater profit. These light sandy soils are also deficient in lime.
This deficiency is noticeable in the growing of legume crops. Bacteri-
logical investigations show this soil to be very deficient in beneficial
bacterial life.

The following figures which are averages for several samples taken
on the Edgecombe Eami show the chemical composition of the soil.
They state the pounds of plant food per acre contained in the surface
to the depth of six and two-third inches, and in subsoil to the depth of
twenty-eight inches.

Pounds in Pounds in

Surface. Suhsoil.

6% inches. 28 inches.

Mtrogen (JST) '. 984 1,720

Phosphoric Acid (P2O5) 1,236 2,200

Potash (K2O) 3,810 13,200

Lime (CaO) 3,595 10,216

Plats.

The plats on which the experiments were conducted were embraced in
fields A and B. The farm on which all the plats are located has been
in cultivation for a good many years. The experiments were started
on field A in 1903 and on field B in 1905. The plats in field A were
laid off in three parallel series of thirteen plats each with a turn row or
driveway between each series. The plats are one-tenth acre in size or
217.8 feet by 20 feet, with an unfertilized space between plats sufficient
for one row and a four-foot unfertilized space at the end of rows.
Plats 1, 2, and 3 of the second series, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the
third series of this field are somewhat inferior in fertility naturally to
the other plats of the field, due to surface washing.

The plats in field B were laid out in a similar way to those of field A,
except that the plats in the third series were of one-twentieth acre size,
but in the other two series they were of the same dimensions as those of
field A. Another difference was that in field B provision was made for
two rows between plats instead of one as in field A and these extra rows
were fertilized like the plat nearest to them, but were not harvested and
weighed with the plats. Work was started on field B in 1905 and a
rotation of cotton and corn with field A was beg-un. Bur clover was
sown on field B at the last cultivation of corn in 1908 and of cotton in
1909, but as the bur clover failed in 1909 the plats were seeded to
crimson clover early in N'ovember and covered by a Planet, Jr., culti-
vator, going once to the row.

The Bulletin. 11

Field A. — The plats were used for fertilizer experiments with cotton
in 1903-'04-'06-'08 ; and fertilizer experiments Avith corn in 1905-'07-'09.
In case of each of the two crops the same plan or system of fertilization
was followed. By this is meant that plat 8 in all cases received only
nitrogen and potash, plat 9 only phosphoric acid and potash, plat 10
a normal application of potash, nitrogen, and phosphoric acid, and so
on, though the quantities actually applied varied with the two crops.
The fertilization of the cotton plats was based on a normal application
of 400 pounds per acre of a mixture containing 7 per cent available
phosphoric acid and 2^ per cent each of nitrogen and potash. The
fertilization for corn was on a basis of 300 pounds per acre of a mixture
containing 7 per cent available phosphoric acid, 3 per cent nitrogen,
and 1^ per cent potash.

Field B. — -These plats were used for fertilizer experiments with corn
in 1906 and 1908 and for fertilizer experiments with cotton in
1905-'07-'09.

Preparation and Cultivation,

The land in all cases was well prepared by breaking with a two-horse
turning plow in the winter, usually January and February, to a depth
of 8 to 10 inches, and allowed to remain this way until just before plant-
ing, when it was cut up thoroughly with a disk harrow. The rows were
run off 3% feet apart, the fertilizer distributed in the drill and covered
to a slight ridge, usually with one furrow of disk or other cultivator.
This was done some time prior to planting, so as to give the ground
time to settle before planting. Eussell's Big Boll was the variety of
cotton used in all the experiments. The cotton was planted as soon as
the weather would permit in the spring, on the slight ridge made in
covering the fertilizer, but which was usually brought to a level, or
almost to a level, by the cotton planter. The cotton was well culti-
vated Avith Aveeders, harrows, single and two-horse cultivators, requir-
ing not exceeding tAvo furrows to row, making the cultivation deep
at beginning and shallow toward the close of the season, when root de-
velopment of the plants was well extended into the soil. The cultiva-
tion was repeated each ten days to two weeks during the season, the crop
being laid by between July 15 and August 3, according to season. The
crop was thinned as nearly as possible to one stalk in the hill every 15
inches.

Fertilization and Fertilizer Materials Used.

As already stated, the fertilizer was applied in the drill just before
planting the cotton, the exact quantity of material for each row being
weighed out separately so that each row would get its proper amount
of the several fertilizer constituents. Acid phosphate was used as the
source of phosphoric acid ; dried blood as the source of nitrogen, except
where there was a comparison of different nitrogen-furnishing ma-
terials, or where nitrate of soda was used as a part of the nitrogen;
manure salt as the source of potash ; and rock or builder's lime for lime.
The fertilizer materials were analyzed each year and applications made
on the basis of actual analyses, so as to give the exact quantities of nitro-
gen, phosphoric acid, and potash required for each plat. For the sake of
simplicity and convenience in presenting the results of a number of

12 The Bulletin.

years' experiments, the fertilizer applications are expressed in terms of
acid phosphate, containing 14 per cent available phosphoric acid,
dried blood containing 13 per cent nitrogen, nitrate of soda con-
taining 14.8 per cent nitrogen, and manure salt containing 20 per cent
potash, which figures represent the average composition of these ma-
terials. The fertilizer applications in the fertilizer experiments are on
the basis of 400 pounds per acre for the normal plat (IST P K) of a
mixture containing 7 per cent available phosphoric acid and 2^2 per cent
each of nitrogen and of potash. Lime is applied at the rate pf 500
pounds of rock, builder's or burnt lime. The fertilizer applications in
the tables, in addition to being represented in terms of acid phosphate,
dried blood, nitrate of soda, and manure salt, are also expressed in terms
of the symbols, N, P, K, and L, which have the following significance :

iSr equals nitrogen at the rate of 10 pounds per acre, or 77

pounds of 13 per cent dried blood ;
P equals phosphoric acid at the rate of 28 pounds per acre,'

or 200 pounds of 14 per cent acid phosphate;
K equals potash at the rate of 10 pounds per acre, or 50

pounds of 20 per cent manure salt;
L equals lime at the rate of 500 pounds rock or unslaked lime

per acre.

There are columns in the tables showing the exact weights in pounds
of phosphoric acid, nitrogen, and potash applied to each plat (expressed
on acre basis), which will enable any one to use the same amounts of
fertilizer constituents in other materials if desired.

The following average prices which fairly represent the cost of the
several materials to the farmer for the period under experimentation
have been assumed for the materials used :

14 per cent Acid Phosphate $14.00 per ton.

13 per cent Dried Blood 60.00 per ton.

14.8 per cent Nitrate of Soda (18 per cent Am-
monia) 50.00 per ton.

20 per cent Manure Salt 20.00 per ton.

Eock Lime 10.00 per ton.

The arrangements of the plats and the scheme of fertilizer application
is shown by the following:

Normal fertilizer application, 400 pounds per acre of a mixture con-
taining—

Phosphoric Acid 7 per cent.

Nitrogen 2 14 per cent.

Potash 2^ per cent.

In this normal application —

N equals 10 pounds nitrogen, equals 77 pounds 13 per cent

dried blood;
P equals 28 pounds phosphoric acid, equals 200 pounds 14

per cent acid phosphate;
K equals 10 pounds potash, equals 50 pounds 20 per cent

manure salt.

The Bulletin.

13

SIZE OF PLATS, ONE-TENTH ACKE.

• (217.8 X 20 feet.)
First Series— Application.

8 • N K

9 P K

10 ■.".■..*. N P

11 ^ P K

12 .'.'..' NVoP K

13 '.'.'.'.'.'.'. O

14 ^2 P 3v

15 ■■ ^3 P K

16 N Pi/sK

17 N Po K

18 :;::::::::::::::::::: ^ ^i k

Second Series —

12 N P KI/2

22 iq- P K2

32 ■■ N P K3

42 ■■■;■:.■.■: 1/2 (npk)

52 o

62 iy2(N"PK)

72 2 (npk:)

82 3 (NPE)

92 N P K

102 N" P K

112 ■ N P K

122 ■■'.■ N" P K

132 O

Third Series —

13 0

^^".[[[[[[['.[['.^'.l'. N P K

53 Lime

63 N P K L

73 *.■.*.*.■.'.'.'.■] IsT P K

The above represents the plats in field B. In field A and in "Old
Field" they are arranged in a similar way.

Weather Conditions During 1900-'09, Inclusive.

Besides soil, seed, fertilization, and cultivation, and time of planting,
weather conditions, mainly the rainfall, influence the crop yield. In the
table presented herewith will be found the monthly and annual rainfall
during the years covered by the experiments, the mean monthly and
Annual rainfall since 1868, and the same data for the months of May to
September, inclusive. During the growing months the rainfall was

14 The Bulletin.

below normal in all years except 1909. In the years 1903-'04 and '06
this average was approximately an inch or more per month, but for the
other three years, 1905-'07 and '08 the deficiency of rainfall during the
growing season was only slight. The year 1905 was the only one in the
period which had a total rainfall below normal.

The Bulletin'.

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16 The Bulletin.

Results.

In studying tlie yields of the two fields it will be well to bear in mind
that on fields A and B tbe rotation consisted of cotton and corn and that
bur clover as a cover crop was not put on fields A and B until latter
part of July in 1908. Field B was sown in bur clover in fall of 1909^
but as this failed crimson clover was seeded uniformly over the plates
early in November.

In the future, as during the past four years (1910-19 IB) the crops
will be grown according to the following rotation :

First year Cotton and Crimson Clover.

Second year Peanuts and Bur Clover.

Third year Corn and Cowpeas.

The cotton, peanut, and corn crops will be fertilized according to
the general scheme of conducting the fertilizer experiments.

The experiments were planned to cover the culture and fertilization
of cotton as a whole, but the results of the several subdivisions or phases
of the subject are grouped in short tables to facilitate examination and
the drawing of conclusions, after which they will be considered as a
whole and general conclusions drawn for the fertilization of the crop on
this type of soil.

The Bulletin.

17

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20 The Bulletin.

Effect of ISTiTROGEisr, Phosphoric Acid, Potash and Lime Alone and
IN Combination With Each Other on Cotton Yields.

The experiments, the results of which are presented in Table I, were
planned to determine the effect on yield of cotton of different fertilizer
applications when two of the constituents were applied together, as
nitrogen and phosphoric acid (IST P), nitrogen and potash (N K), and
phosphoric acid and potash (P K), and when all three of the fertiliz-
ing constituents were applied to make a complete fertilizer (jST P K) ;
also to test the effect of lime (L) when used alone and when used in
connection with a complete fertilizer (N P K L). The results are shown
in yields of seed cotton per acre for the several years, average yields,
average increases over the unfertilized (O) plats which represent the
effect of the fertilizer applications, the value of increase, cost of the
fertilizer, and value of the average annual increase over cost of ferti-
lizer.

Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid, N. P. (Plats 10- andlp.) ^^itrogen
and phosphoric acid gave increased yields over the unfertilized plats four
of the seven years on the two fields, the annual average increase for the
three years in field B being 288 pounds; for four years on field A an
average loss of 9 pounds, or an average annual increase for seven years
in the two fields of 167 pounds, worth $3.81 over the cost of fertilizer.

Nitrogen and Potash, N K. (Plats 8 and 8.) The application of
nitrogen and potash combined gave large increased yields for all years
except one. The average increase on field B was 630 pounds per acre,
and 185 on field A. The average increase for the seven years was
greater than that given by any of the other applications except com-
plete fertilizer and lime. The average profit from this application was
$14.11 per acre.

Phosphoric Acid and Potash, P K. (Plats 9 and 9.) Phosphoric
acid and potash combined gave a large average annual increase for the
three years on field B — 444 pounds — but for the four years on field A
the average increase was only 46 pounds. This gives an average in-
crease on the two fields of 217 pounds, worth $9.77, which is $7.87 more
than the cost of the fertilizer.

Phosphoric Acid, Potash and Nitrogen, N P K. (Plats 10 and 11.)
These three materials combined in a complete fertilizer gave average in-
creased yields in both fields. The average annual increase for four
years on field A was 163 pounds of seed cotton; and for three years on
field B, 593 pounds; or an average increase per acre for the seven years
of 348 pounds, worth $11.45 over the cost of fertilizer.

Lime, L. (Plats 6^ and 53.) Eor the four years on field A the lime
plat showed an average annual loss of 56 pounds of seed cotton, repre-
senting a financial loss of $3.15. On field B however, this material gave
an increase each of the three years, averaging 218 pounds more than
the unfertilized plat, and the profit was $9.18. As an average of these
two apparently contradictory results lime gave an average increase of
62 pounds, representing a profit of $2.16.

Lime with Complete Fertilizer, N P K L. . (Plats 7^ and 63.) _ With
the exception o^ the year 1905 on field B, lime in combination with the

The Bulletin. 21

three fertilizer constituents gave a larger yield of cotton than did com-
plete fertilizer without lime. The average yield for the seven years
from this treatment was 142 pounds greater than for complete fertilizer
without lime. The profit, $17.62, is greater than that from any of the
other fertilizer combinations.

Taking the experiments as a whole the average results show that :

The combination of nitrogen and phosphoric acid gave the smallest
increase and also the least profit.

That nitrogen and potash gave an average yield of 209 pounds more
seed cotton than did the nitrogen and phosphoric acid treatment, with a
profit of $14.11.

Phosphoric acid and potash gave a slightly greater yield than nitrogen
and phosphoric acid, but not nearly as great as nitrogen and potash.

ISTitrogen, added to phosphoric acid and potash, making a complete
fertilizer, increased the yield 131 pounds, and gave an additional profit
of $3.58.

The results from lime alone, while contradictory on the two fields,
show a slight average increase and a profit of $2.16. In addition to com-
plete fertilizer, lime shows an increase of 151 pounds of seed cotton,
and its application here was at a profit of $6.17, and for complete
application— N P K L — the profit was $17.62.

The main increased yields and profits came from the use of nitrogen
and potash. On the whole, practically no great beneficial effect was
seen from the phosphoric acid apiilication. The application of lime was
in general, accompanied with some profit.

22

The Bulletin.

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The Bulletin.

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24 The Bulletin.

Effect of Yakting Quantities of Nitkogen.

These tests (Table II) were planned to determine tlie effect on the
yield of cotton of varying quantities of nitrogen, leaving the phosphoric
acid and potash constant. On one j)lat the nitrogen was reduced to
one-half of the normal quantity, making the applicati:n 5 pounds of
nitrogen per acre or practically 1^ per cent in the ferUl'zer mixture.
On two of the plats it Avas increased by 2 and 3 times the riormal quan-
tity (10 pounds per acre), making the application 20 and 30 pounds
per acre respectively, or on basis of the fertilizer mixture 5 and 7^
per cent. The average results for both fields show the largest yield and
profit from the fertilizer application containing three times normal or
the largest quantity of nitrogen in the several mixtures. The three
times normal application which represents a fertilizer analyzing
7 — 7^4 — '^/^ gave an average annual increase of 784 pounds of seed
cotton, a profit of $26.45 over the cost of fertilizer. With the exception
of the two and a half times normal application this represents the
largest profit.

These results indicate as they do those with corn, that nitrogen is one
of the controlling constituents, if not the most important one for crop
production on this soil.

The Bulletin.

25

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28 The Bulletin.

Effect of Vakying Quantities of Phosphoric Acid.

The above experiments (in Table III) were planned to show the effect
on the yields of seed cotton of varying quantities of phosphoric acid, the
nitrogen and potash remaining the same. On one plat one-half the
normal quantity of phosphoric acid was applied, or an amount repre-
sented by 100 pounds of 14 per cent acid phosphate and equivalent to
3% per cent phosphoric acid in the fertilizer mixture. On two plats
were applied two and three times the normal quantities of phosphoric
acid, represented by 400 and 600 pounds of 14 per cent acid phosphate
respectively, or 56 and 84 pounds of phosphoric acid per acre.

Varying the amounts of phosphoric acid had no very marked effect
on the yield of cotton. The application of more than normal — 28
pounds per acre — which is equal to an application of 200 pounds of 14
per cent acid phosphate failed to increase the yield, and consequently
gave less profit. However, when the amount was reduced to one-half
normal both yield and profit were less. It is well to remember in this
connection that nitrogen and potash alone (see Table I) gave a larger
yield and greater profit than did any of the mixtures contaiiiing phos-
phoric acid. These results certainly indicate that the application of
phosphoric acid in the form of acid phosphate is not accompanied with
much profit.

The Bulletiin]-.

29

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32 The Bulletin.

Effect of Varying Quantities of Potash.

The experiments reported in Table lY were arranged to show the
effect on the yield of seed cotton of varying quantites of potash, the
nitrogen and phosphoric acid remaining constant. On one plat only
one-half the normal quantity of potash was applied, or l^/i per cent m
the fertilizer mixture, or 5 pounds of potash per acre, while on two other
plats two and three times the normal quantities were given, or 20 and
30 pounds of actual potash per acre respectively. On basis ol the
normal fertilizer mixture this would represent 5 and 71/2 per cent o±
potash in the mixture. , .

The yield of cotton on Plat 12, field B, which received one-half normal
potash is abnormally high. With this exception, increased amounts ol
potash gave increased amounts of cotton on this field. However the
increase on field B from the application of three times normal— 30
pounds— over twice normal— 20 pounds— was not enough to pay lor the
additional fertilizer. For the four years' average on field A, increased
amounts of potash gave increased yields and small increased profits, in
general it appears that with cotton increasing amounts of potash can
hardly be expected to much more than pay for themselves.

The Bulletin.

33

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Unfertilized 0

77 lbs. 137o blood N

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115.5 lbs. 13% blood lyi N

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75 lbs. 20% manure salt... -AA K

154 lbs. 13% blood .--2 N

400 lbs. 14% acid phosphate 2 P

100 lbs. 20% manure salt 2 K

192.5 lbs. 13% blood. 214 N

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125 lbs. 20% manure salt .-2i/2 K

Unfertilized -0

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36 The Bulletin.

Effect of Varying Quantities of Fertilizer on Yields.

The experiments in Table V were planned to show the effect of in-
creasing and decreasing the normal (IST P K equals 400 pounds of a
fertilizer mixture containing 7 per cent phosphoric acid, 2^ per cent
potash and 2^/2 per cent nitrogen) fertilizer application on the yields.
The applications were at the rate of 200 pounds per acre (^ N P K) ;
400 pounds per acre (N P K) ; 600 pounds per acre (11/2 N P K) ; 800
pounds per acre (2 IST P K) ; and 1,000 pounds per acre (21/0 1^ P K) ;
The results on several fields and the averages of the two fields are quite
uniform in showing increased yields and increased profits for the several
increases in the amounts of fertilizer, the quantity of fertilizer per acre
varying from 200 to 1,000 pounds. The largest yields, as well as the
greatest profit, were obtained from the 1,000-pound application. It is
possible that the limit of the most profitable fertilization for cotton on
this soil has not been reached, and that more than 1,000 pounds per acre
would give remunerative returns. It should be remembered, too, in this
connection, that the composition of this mixture is not especially adapted
to this soil, as shown by results in previous tables. A larger per cent of
nitrogen would certainly have increased the yields and very probably
the net profit.

In addition to larger profits from heavy fertilization of the right kind,
the land is in all probability improving in productiveness and value.
Results on these plats and fields in after years will be most valuable in
throwing light on this most important phase of the proper fertilization
for immediate returns and for the permanent improvement of the soil.
This latter phase of farm practice is not given the thought and consid-
eration it should receive bv most farmers.

The Bulletix.

37

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40 The Bulletin.

Effect of Diffeeeistt Materials Furnishing J^itrogen and Time of

Application.

The experiments, the results of which are presented in Table VI, were
arranged to test the comparative value of dried blood and nitrate of soda
as nitrogen-furnishing materials in growing cotton, as well as the best
way of applying these.

Nitrate of soda is a material easily soluble in water and therefore
quickly available for the use of plants. The questions usually raised in
connection Avith its use are the possibility of its loss from the soil,
especially sandy or open, porous soil, because of its easy solubility in
water and its giving out before a long-seasoned crop has made its
growth, thus leaving it without a supply of nitrogen before the end of
the growing season. Its use is most strongly advocated for short-season
crops, as in early truck and vegetable growing, and as a top dressing for
grain and for corn and cotton after growth is well advanced, or for any
crop when seen to be in need of a quickly-acting nitrogen-supplying
material.

Dried blood, which is a fair representative of the animal and vegetable
materials furnishing nitrogen, as cotton-seed meal, tankage, etc., is not
soluble ill water and acts more slowly and for a longer time. It must
be changed by rotting or decomposing in the soil into nitrates before it
can feed the crop, and is thus likely to be effective throughout a reason-
able growing season.

It has become a practice in growing many crops to apply only a part
of the nitrogen at the time of planting and a portion later, usually as
nitrate of soda, so as to keep the crop growing as rapidly as possible.
The tests in Table VI were planned with a view of throwing as much
light as possible on these questions of nitrogen fertilization. In the
experiments all of the phosphoric acid and potash were applied in the
drill before planting. On plats ll^ and 9^ one-half the nitrogen was
supplied as dried blood and was applied Avitli the phosphoric acid and
potash before planting, and one-half the nitrogen was supplied as nitrate
of soda and applied about July first. In plats 122 ^nd 10 ^ all of the nitro-
gen was furnished by nitrate of soda, one-half being applied before
planting, with the phosphoric acid and potash and the other half about
July first. On plats 13^ and 11- the nitrogen was supplied by dried
blood, one-half being applied before planting, \vith the phosphoric acid
and potash and the other half about July first. On plats 1^ and 12^
four-fifths of the nitrogen was furnished by dried blood and one-fifth by
nitrate of soda and was all applied before planting, along with the phos-
phoric acid and potash.

It is evident that there is considerable A^ariation in the different years
and on the different fields. In studying these results it is only fair to
practically disregard plat 1", field A, for it is naturally much less fertile
than the check plat of the same series — 8^. With this exception the
average table shows no marked difference in profit favoring any single
method of application. On the average, two applications of nitrogen,
one-half at planting and one-half about July 1, gave the largest increase
and profit. Considering the results on field B alone, and this probably

The BuLLETiisr. 41

is more accurate than the average (on account of the lack of uniformity
in field A), two applications of the nitrogen in all cases gave larger profit
than the single application either applied in the drill before planting
(plat 11) or broadcasted (plat 7^). From the data .at hand it hardly
seems safe to draw any definite conclusions in favor of either method.
Taking into consideration the results from similar treatments on the
Iredell Test Farm (see August Bulletin, 1910, l^o. 139), it appears
that the dried blood and nitrate of soda are about equally satisfactory
sources of nitrogen, the choice between them depending largely on
market prices, and that very little extra profit can be expected by making
two applications of the nitrogen when the total amount is not over ten
pounds per acre. In larger amounts a second application may prove
profitable.

42

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44 The Bulletin.

Effect of Different Methods and Time of Application of

Fertilizer.

The results presented in Table VII were obtained from experiments
planned to show the effect on yield of seed cotton from applying —

(a) All the fertilizer in the drill before planting;

(h) Dividing the fertilizer into two equal parts, applying one-half in
the drill before planting and the other half as a side dressing about
July first; and

(c). From applying all of the fertilizer broadcast before planting, the
quantity of fertilizer and the materials entering into it being the same
in all three cases.

Taking the results as a whole, the increased yields and profits show
that it has made very little difference whether all of the fertilizer was
applied in the drill before planting, or whether it was divided into two
equal parts and one-half put in the drill before planting and the other
half applied as a side dressing about July first, according to season. The
double application gave the largest yield and profit, the drill application
before planting slightly less, and the broadcast application a still smaller
yield and profit. These differences are hardly sufficient to warrant any
definite conclusions in favor of one method above another.

The Bulletin. 45

VARIETIES, CULTURE AMD FERTILIZATION OF COTTON ON
SANDY LOAM SOILS OF THE COASTAL PLAIN

Seven years' fertilizer and variety experiments have been conducted
on the sandy loam soil of the Edgecombe Test Frani. On a basis of these
results and other information vs^hich we have, the suggestions below are
given for the culture and fertilization of cotton on the sandy and sandy
loam soils of the Coastal Plain section, and the varieties of cotton
which are best suited to them.

Cotton is not a hard or exhaustive crop on the soil, when the soil and
crop are handled with care and intelligence. A bale of cotton (900
pounds of seed and 500 pounds of lint) removes from the soil in round
numbers :

-SO pounds Nitrogen,

12 pounds Phosphoric Acid, and

13 pound Potash,

worth at present prices of fertilizer ingredients $7.20. Only 48 cents
worth of this is carried away in the lint. The seed can be sold for enough
to return in commercial fertilizer considerably more plant food than the
lint and seed took from the soil. The stalks, leaves, and bolls, which
should never be burned or otherwise removed, and 95 per cent of which
have come from the air, add vegetable matter or humus to the soil. If
the land is liberally fertilized in the right way, well drained and pro-
tected from surface washing, it should continue to produce large and
profitable crops of cotton from year to year, and with a good rotation
and profitable fertilization will increase in fertility and productiveness.
None of our other staple crops are as easy on the soil as is cotton when
handled in the way indicated above.

Preparation and Cnltivation. — The land should be thoroughly and
well prepared by breaking in the fall or early spring to a depth of 6 or 8
inches, and the soil may be gradually deepened beyond this for a few
inches to advantage. Before planting, cut up well with a disk harrow
to get rid of clods and to make a good seedbed, and inin off rows 3^ to 4
feet apart, and on very fertile land 4^4 feet. As a rule, the fertilizer
should be put in the drill before planting and the cotton planted on a
level or just above the level, according to the season and drainage con-
dition of the land. Weeders and light harrows may be run across the
rows two or three times before and after the cotton is up and before
cultivation with cultivators and hoeing begins. When the crop is well
up and danger of frost is over, hoe and thin to a stand of 15 to 20 inches
in the drill, leaving as nearly as possible one stalk in a place, and giving
greater distance in the row and between rows as the productiveness of
the land increases. On thin land the rows should be closer together and
'the cotton closer in rows, as the stalks do not grow very large; but
distance should be given both ways as the land increases in productive-

46 The Bulletin.

ness, from whatever cause brought about. Cultivate with good one or
two-horse cultivators, which will not require more than two furrows at
greatest to the row, every ten days to two weeks and as nearly as possible
after rains to keep down grass and weeds and to conserve the supply of
moisture. The cultivation should be comparatively deep early in the
season, becoming shallow as the crop grows and the root system develops.
Ordinarily cultivation should be continued in the Coastal Plain section
of the State until July 15, or later.

Varieties.— TJ-p through 1909 sixty-seven varieties of cotton have been
tested on the Edgecombe Farm, a number of these running through the
entire period. Generally the later maturing varieties of the big boll
type have given the largest returns, though now and then, with a short
growing season, the small boll, early maturing kinds have stood well.
Among the varieties which have done well are:

Medium to Large Boiled Varieties —

Eussell's Big Boll.
Culpepper's Improved.
Cleveland's Big Boll.
Cook's Improved.
Brown's No. 1.
Peterkin's Improved.

Small Boiled Varieties —

King's Improved.

Hodge.

Webb.

Broadwell's Double-Jointed,

Sugar Loaf.

The results of variety tests have been published each year and are
summarized in the February (1909) Bulletin. These results can be had
for study by any one specially interested in them.

Fertilization. — Analyses of these soils show that they are very low in
nitrogen and phosphoric acid and only fairly well supplied with potash
and lime. Experiments show that nitrogen is the most needed constitu-
ent for the production of cotton, but that profitable results are secured
from the use of materials carrying potash and phosphoric acid. The
aim of the farmers on the Coastal Plain soils of the State should be to
supply as great amount as possible of the nitrogen requirements of his
soil by establishing rotations in which leguminous crops come into the
rotation at as frequent intervals as practicable. As many of these crops
or crop residues should be plowed into the soil as possible to provide as
nearly as possible the requisite amount of nitrogen for other crops in
the rotation, and also to store the soil with plenty of organic matter in
order to maintain the soil in a good physical condition. Where commer-
cial fertilizers are depended upon largely to supply the nitrogen and
other plant food constituents, it is not possible, with the present results,
to say just definitely what is the best proportion of these three constitu-

The Bulletin.

47

ents for most profitable returns, but it is certain that the fertilizer
should carry a much higher percentage of nitrogen than has been used
heretofore, if the soil is not well stocked with organic matter, and that
the phosphoric acid may be decreased. The indications are that for
the average soil of the Coastal Plain a mixture containing about 7 per
cent of available phosphoric acid, 7 per cent of nitrogen and 5 per cent
of potash will give close to if not the best results. This mixture should
be used for best results at the rate of at least 400 pounds per acre, and
as much more as one can afford up to 1,000 pounds.

The nitrogen may be all derived from blood, tankage, cotton-seed
meal, or similar products, or in part from one or all of these, and in part
(up to one-half) from nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia.

Kainit, manure salt, sulphate or muriate of potash may furnish the
potash, and acid phosphate the phosphoric acid. Four hundred pounds
of the above mixture would contain 28 pounds phosphoric acid, 28 pounds
of nitrogen and 20 pounds of potash, and 1,000 pounds would contain
70 pounds phosphoric acid, 70 pounds of nitrogen and 50 pounds of
potash. The required amounts of phosphoric acid in 400 and 1,000
pounds respectively of this mixture would be supplied by 175 and 438
pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate; the nitrogen by 215 and 538
pounds of 13 per cent dried blood, and the potash by 100 pounds and
250 pounds of 20 per cent manure salt. Other materials or other
grades of these same materials may be used, and it will not be difficult,
knowing just what they contain, to use such quantities of them as will
be necessary to furnish the required amount of plant food, having in
mind that it is the specific number of pounds of phosphoric acid, nitro-
gen and potash that is desired, rather than a given weight of mixed
fertilizer.

It is not more, but perhaps less difficult to calculate the number of
pounds of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash to be applied per acre
to any given crop from materials which are to be had than to estimate
the exact number of pounds of materials to make a formula of a certain
composition; as, for example, in an 8-2-2 goods. The question of filler
does not have to be considered in doing this, as is necessary in making a
fertilizer formula in the usual way. When it is desired, for instance, to
apply the equivalent of 400 pounds per acre of a fertilizer mixture con-
taining 7 per cent of available phosphoric acid, 7 per cent of nitrogen
and 5 per cent of potash, or 28 pounds of phosphoric acid, 28 pounds
of nitrogen, and 20 pounds of potash, it is only necessary to divide the
number of pounds of plant food desired per acre (28, 28, and 20) by
the percentage composition of the materials to 'be used, as follows :

Number of Pounds of Plant
Food per Acre Wanted

-^

Percentage Composition of
the Materials to be Used

Number of Pounds of Fer-
tilizer Materials per Acre
to Apply

Phosphoric Acid 28 Lbs.

-3-

16% Acid Phosphate ..

175 Pound?.
215 Pounds.

Nitrogen 28 Lbs.

13% Dried Blood.—

Potash 20 Lbs.

20% Manure Salt

100 Pounds.

48 The Bulletin.

With cotton planted on the coarse sandy or fine sandy loam soils of
the Coastal Plain section of the State, which have open or only mod-
erately retentive sandy clay subsoils, it has generally teen found most
profitable to divide the whole fertilizer application into two parts, put-
ting in one-half in the drill at planting and reserving the other half to
be applied alongside the row as a side dressing about July 1. However,
instead of this, if the soil is not of too open a nature, all the phosphoric
acid and potash with one-half of the nitrogen in the forn;i of cotton-seed
meal, dried blood, or some other form of available organic nitrogenous
material may be put in at planting of the cotton and the remaining half
of the nitrogen reserved to be applied in a more immediately available
form, like nitrate of soda, alongside the rows about July 1, after the
plants have gotten well started in their growth and the roots have fairly
well filled the soil.

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR FEBRUARY, 1914.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 8,931,236

Pounds sold for dealers 379,904

Pounds resold for warehouses 601,560

Total 9,912,700

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

RALEIGH

Vol. 35, No. 5.

MAY, 1914.

Whole No. 198.

INSECT ENEMIES OF CORN

SUGAR-CANE BEETLE.

Beetle at Wokk in Corn Stalk at Right. Injured Stalk at Left.
Natural Size. See Page 41.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,

February 7, 1901, under Act of March 6, 1900.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District.

R. L. WooDARD Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum ..Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

W. J. Shufohd Hickory Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF.

W.A.GRAHAM Commissioner.

ELIAS CARR .Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PicKEL .Feed Chemist.

W. G. HArwooD Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewah Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart Assistant Chemist.

J. R. Mullen Assistant Chemist.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickbs Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

C. L. Metcalf Assistant Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT __ Horticulturist.

S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

H. L. Sloan Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN . Pure Food Chemist.

IE. W. Thornton .Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

•C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. B.WILLIAMS Chief in Agronomy.

J. K. Plummer : Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters Plant Breeding.

G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist in Crops.

*W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins Soil Survey.

R,. C. JuRNEY Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron _ Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY ..Chief in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton ...Dairy Experimenter.

fAiviN J. Reed.. _. .Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs ..Assistant in Dairy Farming.

JE. H. Mathbwson Tobacco Investigations.

JC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

JT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

JA. K. Robertson . Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

{Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Girls' Clubs.

JMiss Margaret Scott , Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

F. N. McDowell, Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. Puckett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

*Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

fAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

jIn coopsration with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Hon. W. a. Graham, Commissioner.

Sir: — I submit herewith manuscript for a Bulletin on "Insect Ene-
mies of Corn." Corn is our most important crop, and the total damage
done to it by insects is enormous. The Bulletin which we issued upon
this subject in May, 1905, has been exhausted, and the matter which it
contained has here been rewritten to include later observations and to
avail ourselves of many excellent publications on corn insects which have
recently appeared from other States, thus bringing, so far as I am able,
the best present information into shape available to our farmers. The
general plan of the older Bulletin has been retained, as also the illustra-
tions.

I recommend its publication as the Bulletin for May, 1914.

Very respectfully,

Franklin Sherman, Jr.,
Approved for printing : Entomologist.

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Introduction 5

General Considerations 6

Cultural Considerations ^

Rotation, p. 6 ; Fertilization, p. 7 ; Fall or Winter Plowing, p. 7 ; Time
of Planting, p. 7 ; Planting Increased Quantity of Seed, p. 7 ; Cultiva-
tion, p. 8 ; Selection of Lands, p. 8 ; Disposition of Remnants, p. 8 ; Ideal
System to Avoid Insect Injury, p. 8.

Regarding Insects and Their Names 9

INSECT ENEMIES OF CORN.

Wire-worms 1^

Remedies for Wire-worms 12

Wliite Grubs 13

Remedies for White Grubs 15

Cut- worms 15

Remedies for Cut-worms l'^

Corn Root-louse 19

Remedies for Corn Root-louse -1

Com Bud-worm 21

Remedies for Bud-worm 23

Corn Bill-beetle (mention) 24

Corn-root Web-worm 24

Remedies for Corn-root Web-worm 25

Corn Stalk-borer 25

Remedies for Stalk-borer 28

Chinch Bug 29

Remedies for Chinch Bug 33

The Army- worm 35

The Fall Army-worm 38

Remedies for Army-worms (both kinds) 40

The Sugar-cane Beetle 41

Remedies for Cane-beetle 44

The Corn Ear-worm 45

Remedies for Ear-worm 49

Weevils 50

Remedies for Weevils 52

Lesskb Corn Insects 54

Seed-corn Maggot, p. 55; Flea-beetles and Leaf-beetles, p. 55: Red
Spider, p. 55 ; Grasshopper, p. 55 ; Lady-beetle, p. 55 ; Stinging Caterpil-
lars, p. 55 ; Other Caterpillars, p. 56.

Conclusion 56

INSECT ENEMIES OF CORN.

By Fkanklin Sherman, Jr., Entomologist.

INTRODUCTION.

Nearly one-half of all the land planted in crops in North Carolina
each year is devoted to corn. The yearly money value of the total crop
is estimated at $70,000,000.

Insects are estimated to destroy approximately one-tenth of the total
value of our crop products. Allowing that corn suffers its proportional
share, we are brought to the conclusion that the corn crop in North
Carolina suffers an average loss of $7,000,000 per year from insect pests.

Nor can it be said that this is an exaggerated estimate. "What with
wire-worms, cut-worms, bud-worms, bill-beetles, stalk-borers, chinch-bugs,
ear-worms, weevils, and others, the corn plant certainly seems to suffer its
full one-tenth loss. The writer has frequently known of cases in this
State where one species of pest alone has destroyed from one-half to
three-fourths of the entire crop; a total loss has been reported in some
instances. Injury by insects frequently makes replanting necessary,
and this is always a serious loss of time, labor, seed, and use of land.
Putting the matter in its mildest light, the loss certainly runs well up
among the millions.

The object of this Bulletin is to show how and where these losses
occur, to describe the insects responsible for them, and set forth the
remedies or methods which may be employed in preventing or avoiding
these injuries.

A Bulletin on "Insect Enemies of Corn" was issued in May, 1905,*
but the edition has been exhausted. The continued demand for infor-
mation about corn insects makes a new issue desirable. The work of the
county demonstration agents, the boys' corn clubs, the teaching of agri-
culture in many of our public schools, and many other commendable
factors, have all increased the interest in ^the corn crop, and in the ene-
mies which attack corn.

In the present Bulletin the descriptions of the insects and the account
of injuries in North Carolina are based on our own observations, corre-
spondence, etc. The accounts of life-histories, remedies, etc., are gleaned
from all available reliable sources, including text-books, bulletins, etc.,
as well as our own observations. A great work yet lies ahead in the
working out of the exact, detailed life-histories of our Southern corn in-
sects and in determining with exact, scientific accuracy the degree of

♦Vol. 26, No. 5, Bui. N. C. Dept. Agr., May, 1905, "Insect Enemies of Corn." P. Sher-
man.

6 The Bulletin,

protection that can be secured from them. The most that we can pre-
tend to do here is to present the general facts, with such recommenda-
tions for control as seem, from present even incomplete evidence, to
offer the best hope of relief. The illustrations are the same as in the

previous Bulletin.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.

In dealing with insect pests on corn, it must be constantly remem-
bered that the crop is of relatively low commercial value, the margin
of actual profit is small, hence expensive measures are not justifiable
except in limited areas where their use will prevent the insects from
spreading over larger areas. It may not be profitable to spray a whole
cornfield to kill insects, yet the spraying of a few rows or a certain por-
tion of the field may be profitable if by that means the pest can be pre-
vented from spreading farther. The small margin of profit on the crop
as a whole renders it difficult or impossible to combat some of the pests
satisfactorily.

Again, corn is grown on such large areas and there are so many indi-
vidual plants in a field that the treatment of each individual plant is
usually out of the question.

Therefore, in combatting many of the insect pests of corn we must
rely on such methods of culture and handling of the crop as shall ren-
der it least liable to injury ; in other words, the treatment must be pre-
ventive rather than curative — and this frequently necessitates taking
the insects into account before the crop is planted, even in the very
selection of the lands where it is to be planted, or, in severe cases, even
modifying the manner of rotation of the crops which shall precede the
corn. How far one is justified in going in recasting the plan of his
farm operations to protect his corn from injury will of course depend
upon how severe the injury is, and upon the value which he places upon
the corn crop itself.

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS.

By changing or modifying the methods of culture much may be done
to avoid insect injury. This is so important that we will consider it in
more detail.

Rotation. — Any system by which corn follows grass or a growth of
weeds is injurious, from the standpoint of insect pests. Where land
just from sod is put in corn, the crop suffers more from wire-worms,
Avhite grubs, root web-worms and cut-worms than it does when it follows
a cultivated crop like cotton. Suppose we have a field now in sod which
we wish to bring into cultivation : A system of rotation which will give
the minimum amount of insect injury to the corn might be arranged as
follows : First year, plant the field in a small grain, and after that in
peas. Second year, cotton, potatoes, cabbage or other cultivated crops.

The Bulletin. 7

Third year, corn (peas may also be grown witli the corn), Fourth year,
small grain and peas again, and so on. A shorter system may be used,
but it is best to have corn at least two years removed from a growth of
grass or weeds, and it is advisable to have it separated from small grain
by one year in a cultivated crop. Of course such a plan may not always
be feasible, but it is best so far as avoiding insect injury is concerned,
and the nearer we can come to it the better. The employment of peas
in the rotation is beneficial from all points of view. Not only do they
tend to improve the land, but they do not in any way render the corn
more subject to insect injury.

Corn following corn year after year is also favorable to the increase
of certain insects (stalk-borers), and a two-year rotation with merely
cotton and corn is favorable to some pests, especially ear-worm and root-
louse. Hence, while corn and cotton may follow each other occasionally,
they should not always do so, and they should at least sometimes be
separated by some other crop between them so as to interfere with those
pests which feed on both cotton and corn.

Fertilization. — A crop of corn which has been put into healthy condi-
tion by fertilization, Avhether by commercial or farm manures, is better
able to withstand and recover from insect attacks than one which has not
been so aided. Here the peas serve a useful purpose. It has also been
claimed that where heavy applications of kainit or other salty fertilizers
are used the wire-worms, cut-worms and other underground insects are
checked to a considerable extent.

Fall or Winter Plowing. — As a general rule, it may be poor policy to
plow land in the fall and leave it bare all winter. If, however, a field
which is in sod is to be planted in corn it will be well to adopt this
method of fall plowing in order that the wire-worms, cut-worms and
other soil-inhabiting insects may be starved out, killed by exposure, or
driven away, before the crop is planted in the spring, especially if these
pests are known to be usually destructive in the locality. The plowing
should be deep, so as to thoroughly break up and pulverize the soil.

Time of Planting. — This has an important bearing on the amount of
insect injury that the corn will suffer later on. Corn planted late is not
so much hurt by either cut-worms or stalk-borers. In the eastern part
of the State some good farmers claim that corn planted very early will
often partially escape the bill-beetle (not always nor completely). In
the eastern section also, very early (or very late) planting may avoid
part of the injury by bud-worms ; while in the western half of the State
late planting of corn seems to be the best method of escaping bud-worms.

Planting Increased Quantity of Seed.— Injury by some insects, such as
wire-worms, white grubs, bud-worms, and cut-Avorms, may occur largely
before thinning time (especially if the corn is planted late), so that if

8 The Bulletin.

an extra quantity of seed is planted a stand may be secured even if some
is destroyed by insects. Any surplus that remains can then be gotten rid
of by thinning. There used to be a commonly quoted rhyme in this con-
nection :

"One for the cut-worm,
And one for the crow,
One grain to rot, and
Two grains to grow."

The idea here is the planting of extra seed so that there will be a
stand left in spite of poor germination and damage to the young stalks.
This is a very simple expedient, though it does not in any way decrease
the number of pests.

Cultivation. — Frequent and thorough cultivation of the soil not only
stimulates the com to a better growth, but acts as a decided check to
cut-worms, wire-worms, root-lice, and other insects living in the soil.
The cultivation can be more thoroughly practiced when corn is planted
in checks, so that it can be cultivated both ways, than when the ordinary
method is used.

Selection of Lands. — Wire-worms and bud-worms are worse in low-
lands. It should be remembered, therefore, that when other considera-
tions do not interfere, it may be well to avoid the very low situations.

Disposition of Remnants. — Throughout the southern states it is a com-
mon custom to "pull" the fodder, leaving the stalks standing in the field,
often with the shucks attached, until the land is needed for other pur-
poses, when they are beaten down and plowed under. Such a practice is
detrimental from the standpoint of one who wishes to avoid insect in-
jury. If the fodder were cut at the ground (or as close to it as practi-
cable) and the stalks and leaves shredded or made into ensilage, a reduc-
tion of insect injury should result, and the value of the fodder and grain
would both be increased by the process. Many insects find hibernating
places in these stalks and husks. Chinch-bugs, grain weevils, and
stalk-borers are all favored by this custom of "pulling" and leaving the
stalks, and all will be more or less reduced by abandoning the custom
and making use of the shredder and the silo. Even the plowing out,
raking together and burning of the stubs will sometimes be advisable.

In some of our extreme northeastern counties it is the regular prac-
tice of many farmers to burn the stalks, under the idea that this destroys
bill-beetles; but we question the advisability of this, for the land needs
the humus of the stalks. If the stalks be cut and fed as fodder or en-
silage and the remaining stuhhle be plowed out, raked together and
burned, the whole result, in our opinion, would be better.

Ideal System to Avoid Insect Injury. — Having gone into some detail
with these cultural considerations, it is well now to summarize with a

The Bulletin. 9

statement of the system to be followed if one aims to incur the minimum
amount of insect damage to his corn crop :

The field should he on land well drained and of sufficient elevation not
to he suhject to overflow. It should he at least two years out of sod, and
the year previous to corn should have heen in some hoed or cultivated
crop. If there is much growth of weeds or grass on the land, it should
he plowed in the fall. The land should he deeply plowed, thoroughly pre-
pared. The time' of planting may he modified according to location and
severity of insect pests, as already discussed. The young corn should he
given frequent and thorough cultivation. At harvest the stalk should he
cut at the ground and shredded or made into ensilage; the remaining
stuhhle can he plowed out, raked together and hurned.

The writer understands perfectly that such a system as this cannot
always be carried out in all details, but he does claim that such a system
will involve a minimum of insect risk, and the system is closely in accord
Avith the best farm practice.

REGARDING INSECTS AND THEIR NAMES.

In considering the corn insects in this Bulletin, we have confined the
main discussion to those which have actually been known to do serious
injury to corn in this State; the lesser pests are discussed briefly.

In discussing each pest, we have given both the popular (common)
and scientific names of the species, and have indicated the order, and
under the order the family of insects to which each belongs. This makes
for accuracy and definiteness. It should be remembered that the Order
is the more comprehensive group, and that each order is divided into a
number of Families.

The great majority of our insects fall into seven orders, and there are
some ten or twelve other smaller and less important orders. These seven
principal orders are :

1. The Orthoptera (Or-thop'-te-ra), including the Grasshoppers, Katy-
dids, Crickets, Roaches, etc.

2. Ilemiptera (He-mip'-te-ra), Bugs, such as Chinch Bug, Squash Bug
and Terrapin Bug, Plant-lice and Scale-insects.

3. Neuroptera (JSTeu-rop'-te-ra), Lace-wings, Dobsons, etc.

4. Lepidoptera (Lep-i-dop'-te-ra), Butterflies and Moths.

5. Diptera (Dip'-te-ra), the true two-winged Flies, such as House-
flies, Mosquitoes, Blow-flies, Horse-flies, etc.

6. Coleoptera (Co-le-op'-te-ra), Beetles, such as Potato-beetle, Bill-
beetle, Flea-beetle, June-beetle, Tumble-beetle, Tiger-beetle, etc.

7. Eymenoptera (Hy-men-op'-te-ra), Bees, Ants and Wasps.

Qf these seven orders the Neuroptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera con-
tain no very serious pests of corn, but all the others will be found re-
ferred to in the following pages.
2— May

10 The Bulletin,

It is believed that this arrangement will be of use to those who are
interested in learning how to recognize the different orders of insects,
and to all readers who wish to make their knowledge exact.

•&'■

INSECT ENEMIES OF CORN.

WIRE-WORMS (Several Species), Order Coleoptem. Family Elateridce.
(Also sometimes called "Drill-wonn.")

Description. — Slender, smooth, firm-bodied, yellowish-brown worms
(larvae), attaining length of one to two inches, which destroy the corn
by eating the seed before it comes up, or by eating roots, or into the
stalk just below the surface of the ground, causing the center of the
growing part to die. The adult insect is a "Jack-snapper."

Injury in North Carolina.— Anj insect which does its work under-
ground is not likely to attract attention except in cases of serious in-
jury; hence the complaints made of these pests cannot be an adequate
measure of the damage done by them. It is quite certain, also, that
farmers often confuse injury by Wii-e-worms with that done by bud-
worms, so that what is attributed to one may in reality be due to the
other.

From the letters of complaint which have come to us in regard to
Wire-worms, we give the following quotations, all of which throw some
light on the nature or extent of damage or the habits of the insects :

"It gets in the root of the corn and kills it at any age from time it comes
up until a foot high. In a 20-acre field I believe they have killed 14 per cent,
and are still killing. They do most damage in lowlands."

"A yellow worm works in the roots and kills the corn in low wet land."

"Very destructive to corn on black lowlands. They attack the corn from
the root and go up the pith and kill it entirely."

"Destroying the corn in this coimty before it gets out of the ground ; my
bottom-land is thoroughly infested. Many of my neighbors are in the same
position as I am."

"Damaging corn in meadow after sod."

"Present by the bushel in a piece of my land this year."

It is not to be inferred that Wire- worms attack only corn. They feed
on roots of many plants, also on seeds and tubers. One correspondent
sent an irish potato which had been bored through and through by them.
Some feed mainly of exclusively in decaying vegetation, rotting wood,
etc. In this State they are a recognized tobacco pest.

While on a tour through the Piedmont counties to inspect wheatfields
in the middle of April (1905), the writer several times noted more or
less injury to wheat by Wire-worms. No doubt corn sown on similar
land suffered in the same way, only in greater degree, since the number

The Bulletin. 11

of corn plants is small compared with wheat and the injury would be
more concentrated. The following extracts from my notes on this trip
Avill be of interest in this connection :

Greensboro, April 11, 1905. — Noted injury to wheat by Wire-worms
eating off stem and roots at and near surface of ground. ISToted at sev-
eral places, though never serious.

Lexington, April 12, 1905. — In one field found very considerable in-
jury by Wire-worms. Land had previously been in broom-sedge, as evi-
denced by tufts of sod in the field.

Statesville, April 13, 1905. — Noted some injury.

On April 20 (1905) the writer went to Warren County to investigate
a Wire-worm outbreak. The infested field was a fine piece of meadow-
land, reclaimed from swamp by drainage, and was cultivated (to corn)
the year before for the first time, when Wire-worms destroyed practically
every stalk. During the summer the land grew up in grass and weeds
again and was not plowed until spring, when the soil Avas found to be
still badly infested. The larvse were still to be found in almost any foot
of soil examined ; they were apparently of different ages, some about full-
grown. No pupse nor adults were found.

Fig. 1. — Adult and larva of Wire-worm. It is the larva or
worm form that does the damage. The adult beetle is
known as a "Jack-snapper" and does no harm other than
to lay the eggs.

(After Comstock and Slingerland.)

There are many species of Wire-worms, and though the kinds cannot
always be distinguished in the Wire-worm stage, yet of the adult beetles
over seventy species are already known to occur in North Carolina, and
there are probably as many more not yet on record. But it is probable
that only a few of our species are seriously destructive.

In June, 1913, a correspondent sent adult beetles of Wire-worms and
said they were doing serious injury to his corn, but his description fitted
the work of the Wire-worms themselves. No doubt the larvse were still
doing injury, but some were coming out in the mature beetle form, and
it was these which he found.

Life-history.* — Wire-worms are the young, or larv^, of the beetles
which are called "Jack-snappers," "Snap-jacks," "Click-beetles," "Hom-
iny-beaters," "Elaters," "Thumping-beetles," and other similar names.
The beetles have these names because of their power to spring suddenly
into the air when placed on the back.

*Mnch of what is known of exact life-histories of Wire-worms comes from the work of
Dr. Forbes in Illinois. (Bui. 44. 111. Exp. Sta.. "Ins. Iniuries to Seed and Roots of
Corn," May, 1896.) Extensive experiments are also reported by Professors Comstock and
Slingerland of the N. Y. (Cornell) Exp. Sta.

12 The Bulletin.

The following account will give a general idea of the history of those
species that attack corn, the details probably varying somewhat in the
different species :

Many of the adult beetles pass the winter in dead wood, under bark,
under trash, boards, leaves, at the base of tufts of grass, etc. In the
summer they lay eggs, usually depositing them in grassy places. The
larvas hatching from the eggs are slender, smooth, yellowish-brown in
color and firm in texture, and are called "Wire- worms." They burrow
through the soil, feeding on various seeds and roots which they may find.
It is thought that it takes most species from two to three years to reach
maturity. Then they change to the stage known as the 'pupa in a cell in
the soil. While in the pupa state they are quiet and take no food, bvit
are going through the change from larvae to adult beetles. After a few
weeks in the pupa state the insect changes to an adult beetle. Some of
the beetles emerge and pass the following winter in sheltered places;
others do not emerge until the following spring.

Summary. — It will be noticed from the foregoing account that Wire-
worms are more destructive on lowlands, and that they are worse on
lands which have been in sod. Thev feed on seeds, roots, and stems.
It is probable that they do not attack corn or other cultivated crops be-
cause they especially like them, but because when sod lands are broken
up they are already in the soil, their natural food is destroyed, and they
must take what is planted. It takes from two to three years for a gen-
eration to reach complete maturity, and adults deposit eggs mainly in
sod lands. With these facts in mind, we can better appreciate the recom-
mendations which follow.

KEMEDIES.

The first consideration in attempting to avoid injury to corn by Wire-
worms is not to allow corn to follow directly after sod. If corn must
follow sod, plow the land in the fall and stir once or twice during the
winter. These measures will starve and kill by exposure many of the
larvae and will break open the little cells in which the newly formed
adults are passing the winter and kill the insects. By avoiding low
lands (especially low sod lands) much injury will be averted. Good
fertilization and frequent tillage will also check the insects or enable the
corn better to recover from their attacks.

In regard to corn after sod, it should be remembered that most species
of Wire-worms are thought to take two or three years to become full-
grown, hence it is well to have the land in some other crop not so sub-
ject to injury during the first year from sod, so that the majority of the
insects will have had time to mature and deposit their eggs elsewhere.

But Dr. Forbes in Illinois states that they "are much more likely to
do serious mischief the second year after the breaking up of the sod,"
which would indicate that in severely infested fields it would be better

The Bulletin. 13

to have some crop other than corn on the land for tivo years after sod.

In Massachusetts, Dr. Fernald reported good results by planting seed
coated with gas-tar and then dusted in a bucket of fine dust and Paris-
green sufficient to give the corn a greenish color, this' apparently repel-
ling the insects and not affecting germination. ^

The cultural methods here referred to are further discussed under the
heads of Rotation (p. 6), Fertilization (p. 7), Fall Plowing (p. 7),
Planting Increased Quantity of Seed (p. 7), Cultivation (p. 8), and
Selection of Lands (p. 8).

WHITE GRUBS (Several Species).
Order Coleoptera. Family Scai'abceidce.

Description. — Thick-bodied whitish grubs reaching a length of l^/^
inches; when disturbed, often curling up tightly; infesting sod lands or
fields where much manure or decaying vegetation is present ; living un-
derground and doing damage by eating roots from corn, grasses, or other
plants. When fully grown they change to brown "May-beetles," or
green "June Bugs."

Injury in North Carolina. — As with other underground insects, in-
jury by White Grubs is apt to pass unnoticed unless it becomes very seri-
ous, and also their presence in gardens and cultivated fields is taken so
much as a matter of course that definite complaints of their injuries are
infrequent in this State. But it cannot be otherwise than true that the
total damage by them to our corn crop is considerable.

During inspection of wheat-fields in the spring, we have found these
Grubs doing injury, though usually not to a serious extent.

White Grubs have been complained of to us as a pest in gardens, lawns,
greenhouses, in grass fields, and in farm crops. But the most serious and
definite complaint we have ever had came in August, 1913, from Mr.
George F. Ogilvie, Oakwoods, Wilkes County. As this was evidently a
typical White Grub outbreak, I quote from Mr. Ogilvie's letters, as show-
ing the extent to which these pests may do damage :

"I have a few patches that I have been manuring up with stable manure,
and at this time thousands of large White Grubs work under the manure.
They throw up the dirt until one's feet sink in it. Where I have sown small
seeds like spinach, they have completely ruined it. I have used on some plats
a very large quantity of ashes, and yet the grubs are everywhere, even where
you can see the ashes in the land."

(Latkk) "Since I wrote you, they have been worse. I resowed my spinach
plat, and they have again completely ruined it. I never saw anything like it ;
the whole surface of the ground is heaved and churned up until one sinks
almost over the shoes."-

' ^This statement from "Insects of Farm, Garden, and Orchard," by E. D. Sanderson,
p. S.*^. I have not at hand the original report on the Massachusetts experiments.

-An interesting fact in this connection is that twelve years before this time, when I
was in that vicinity on other work, Mr. Ogilvie was mentioned to me as a man who toolj
special pains to manure his land heavily. — Author.

14

The Bulletin.

"We have indicated that there are several different species of the White
Grubs. As with the wire-worms and cut-worms, many of the species
seem to do but little injury, while the greater part of Grub injury is
probably due to only six to a dozen species. Of the groups of beetles to
which they belong, however, we have evidence of not less than thirty-five
to forty kinds in the State, with no doubt many more awaiting discov-
ery.

Fig. 2. — White Grubs. Showing adult beetles at 3
and i. Larva eating roots of plants at 2, and
pupa at 1.

(After Riley, Div. Ent, U. S. Dept. Agr.)

Life-history and Habits. — The most comprehensive work in this coun-
try on the life-histories and habits of "White Grubs and their adult beetles
has been done at the Illinois Experiment Station under Dr. S. A.
Forbes.* But in the space of this Bulletin we can only give a general
condensed account of the life-history.

The adult beetles appear in spring and early summer; they are the
common brown "May-beetles" which often enter our houses at night, or
the green "June-bugs," so familiar to children. The beetles mate and
the females deposit their eggs preferably in grassy or weedy fields. The
eggs hatch into the "White Grubs," small at first, but growing with age
to from 1 to IV2 inches in length, feeding upon roots of many plants.
The exact length of time required for the Grub to attain full growth is
uncertain, but seems to be from two to three years. It then changes to
a pupa, in a cell in the soil, and the pupa changes to a mature beetle,
which, however, may not emerge to live an active beetle life until the
following spring. In the writer's personal experience it is a common
thing to unearth the adult beetles in gardens in fall, winter, or spring.

*Among the several publications on this subiect by Dr. Foi-bes I have been especially
interested in Bui. 116, 111. Exp. Station. "Life-history, Habits, etc., of White Grubs."

The Bulletin. 15

JSTo doubt some species complete a generation quicker than others, or
even in the same species the period may vary according to heat or cold,
moisture or dryness.

Every careful observer knows something of the habits of the adult
beetles. The green June-beetle usually appears at Raleigh around the
first of July, and may be found abundantly feeding on ripe figs, grapes,
peaches, and other fruits. The brown May-beetles are evening or night
fliers, and often congregate on trees at dusk, where they eat the foliage.

REMEDIES.

Hogs, chickens, and some wild birds are fond of White Grubs, and to
some extent can be made use of in combatting these pests. In garden
plats or in small patches of corn much can be done by encouraging
poultry to follow the plow or the spade, or by merely gathering the Grubs
which are exposed and feeding them.

Cornfields which are known to be badly infested by them can surely
be largely freed from them by turning in hogs after the crop is off, espe-
cially if by scarcity of feed or otherwise they are encouraged to root
diligently. Dr. Forbes reports a case in which 100 pigs destroyed over
90 per cent of the Grubs in a badly infested 10-acre field in less than a
month.

As the Grubs are more likely to be abundant and destructive in lands
taken from sod, their injuries to corn can in some measure be prevented
by putting lands fresh from sod in some other crops for the first year
(or, better, two years) by which time the majority of the Grubs will
have matured.

See, also, Rotation (p. 6), Fertilization (p. 7), Cultivation (p. 8).

CUT-WORMS (Several Species). Order Lepidoptera. Family Noctnidce.

Description. — Rather stout-bodied, soft, brown, blackish or grayish
caterpillars, which remain concealed during the day and do great injury
at night by eating off various kinds of young succulent plants at or near
the surface of the ground.

Injury in North Carolina. — Everybody knows what Cut-worms are.
So well known and so universally common and destructive are they that
their injuries in ordinary seasons excite no particular interest or com-
ment. Everybody takes it as a matter of course to lose a part of his
cabbage, tomatoes, tobacco, corn, or any other green succulent crop, from
their ravages. Like the potato-beetle and the house-fly, people take
them so much as a matter of course that many persons give them no
serious attention, and the complaints received of their injuries is in no
sense a measure of their destructiveness. Most of the complaints that
are made refer to their injuries in gardens, or flower-beds.

16

The Bulletin.

In 1901, specimens were sent from Moore County with the report that
they were a scourge that year, and that the correspondent could not get
a stand of melons until after the worms matured; he had found as many
as ten or twelve around one dewberry vine. He also reported them as
destroying beans, cabbage, leaves on young peach trees, etc.*

During 1905, reports of serious Cut-worm damage were frequent, in-
dicating damage to many crops, including corn, cabbage, and tomatoes.
Cut-worms are also recognized as a regular and serious pest to tobacco.

Pig. 3." — The Granulated Cut-worm (Feltia an-
nexa), showing larva (a), pupa (/), adult
moth (7i), and details of structure.

(After Riley and Howard, Dlv. of Ent., U. S.
Dept. Agr.)

Life-history and Habits. — As with the wire-worms, so with Cut-
worms: there are a number of different species concerned. They are
all the caterpillar stage, or larvae, of moths, and the family Noctuidw
to which they belong contains upward of two thousand species. The
larvae of all of these would not be considered as true Cut-worms, how-
ever, and of those which could be truly classed under that name there
are probably not more than thirty or forty species that are ever serious
pests in the eastern United States. From our scattered observations we
believe that 95 per cent of all the Cut-worm injury in this State is caused
by not more than six or eight species.

Much work yet remains to be done in rearing our southern Cut-worms
to the adult state before it will be possible to give in detail the life-history
of all of our common species. Some species mature and emerge as
moths in early summer, while others emerge as moths in the fall. Thus
far we have observed no species which is seen in the adult state both in
summer and fall ; so that it seems that they are all single-brooded, some
of the species emerging as moths in early summer and other species
emerging in the fall.

Mr. C. S. Brimley of Ealeigh, who has long taken an interest in col-
lecting, rearing, and studying insects, reared to maturity a number of

*From letter from R. W. Cavlness (deceased). Mr. Caviness was an excellent observer.

The Bulletin.

17

Cut-worms during 1903-'04. The notes here given refer to the dates on
which the adult moths emerged in Mr. Brimley's cages, or when adult
anoths were captured :

The Granulated Cut- worm.— Feltia annexa, Treit, August 29, September 20,

October 7, 12, 1903.
Feltia hirilis, Grote, September 17, 25, 1904.

The Dingy Cut-worm. — Feltia suhgothica, Hawworth, September 12, 27, 1904.
Pfodenia commelino', Sm. and Abb., August 17, 1904.
Peridroma saucia, Hub., June 22, 23, 24, 1903.

Other species, not identified, emerged as follows : Species No. 1 (spring
species), June 4, 28, 1903. One captured (not bred) May 30, 1902.
Species No. 2 (fall species), October 7 (2 specimens), 12, 1903.

From these notes it seems that for the spring species June, and for the
fall species September and October, are the principal months of activity
a,nd egg-laying by the adult moths.

Fig. 4. — Another Cut-worm {Peridroniia saucia) showing adult
moth (a), larva (three views) (b, c and d), egg (enlarged)
(e), and eggs in natural position on grass stalk if).
(After Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Entomology.)

Of course, the details in the life-history of a species will vary some-
what according as it matures in the spring or in the fall ; but the fol-
lowing will serve as a condensed account :

The larvae (the destructive Cut-worm stage) pass the winter in the
•earth, or on the surface under such shelter as they can find, in a partly
grown condition. The long fast of winter gives them ravenous appetites
when the warm days of spring arouse them to activity, and they feed
on any green succulent young plants that they can find. Some species
ihave the habit of climbing trees or other plants to eat the tender expand-

18 The Bulletijst.

ing leaves, but those that are most destructive to corn do their damage
by eating off the young stalks at or near the surface of the ground.
Sometimes the severed stalk (if it be young and small) is dragged par-
tially into the ground. The worms usually remain quiet during the day
and feed mainly at night. Sometimes, however, they will work during
the day if the weather be cloudy. Cool weather seems to sharpen their
appetites. When the larvse become grown (which varies according as
the moth is to emerge in spring or fall), they change to pupce in the
earth, an inch or so under the surface, sometimes only barely covered
by the soil. Those that are to emerge in spring change to pupae about
the middle or latter part of May; and it is because these larvse become
mature at this season that they cease their injuries, and not usually be-
cause of any epidemic of disease among them. In the pupa state they
are without legs or wings, and take no food — it is simply a stage
of transition from the larvse to the adult moth. After a few weeks
in the pupa stage the adult moth bursts from the pupa-shell. Most of
the Cut-worm moths are dull gray or brown in general color, marked
with lighter streaks or spots, and with the hind wings lighter in color,
sometimes of a pinkish hue. When the wings are expanded they meas-
ure from one to two inches from tip to tip. These moths fly mostly at
night and are often attracted to bright lights and not infrequently
enter houses and flutter about the lamps or walls. The females deposit
their eggs on trash, grass or weeds, in sod or weedy lands, and the larvse
become partly grown by winter and hibernate as already explained.

Summary. — Cut-worms are the larvse of night-flying moths. They
pass the winter as larvse, eat voraciously in the spring, become mature,
pupate, and emerge as moths in early summer or fall, according to the
species. June, September and October seem to be the principal months
for egg-laying. Eggs are deposited in weedy or sod fields, after which
the moths die. The larvse pass the winter in a partly grown condition
in the fields. With these points clearly understood it will be easy to
comprehend the f olloAving remedial suggestions :

KEMEDIES.

As the eggs are laid principally in sod or weedy lands, corn planted
on land just from sod or weeds is likely to suffer from Cut-worms. They
are often numerous in clover sod also; yet corn after clover does so
remarkably well that in general it pays to take the risk. If the corn
must come after a growth of grass or weeds, then by plowing the land'
in fall or winter many of the Cut-worms will be killed or starved before
spring. This result has been several times reported by farmers. In
1905, Mr. G. M. Bentley, at that time an assistant in this office, made
some observations on Cut-worm injury to tobacco in Wake County. On
a small plat which was plowed March 19th, he found seven plants de-
stroyed, while on an adjoining plat of same size, with same number of

The Bulletin. 19

hills, plowed one montli earlier (February 22d), lie found only two
plants destroyed. So far as this observation went, therefore, it shoAved
that land plowed in winter was much less infested than land which was
not plowed until spring.

By delaying the planting until moderately late in the spring, those
Cut-worms which mature to moths in the spring will be nearly or entirely
grown, and will therefore not do serious injury, and the extra time can
be given to a more thorough preparation of the land. Frequent culti-
vation as soon as the corn is up will also disturb the Cut-worms in the
soil and deter them in some degree.

But if we must put a piece of spring-plowed sod or weedy land into
corn, and wish to plant at the normal season, there is still a method (not
always easy or entirely satisfactory, perhaps) by which we may combat
the Cut-worms. When the land is plowed in the spring much of their
food is destroyed and they become hungry. It is then, after breaking
and harrowing the land and before the corn is planted, that it is possible
to poison them. Clover or other green and succulent vegetation may be
poisoned with Paris-green and distributed through the fields as a bait
to the worms. The clover may be sprayed as it stands and then cut ; or
perhaps the better and more thorough plan would be to cut it and dip
it into a barrel of the poisoned solution. The Paris-green for this pur-
pose should be thoroughly mixed with water at the rate of about one
pound to the barrel (40 to 50 gallons) of water. Arsenate of lead may
be used instead of Paris-green, at the rate of five or six pounds to the
barrel. Paris-green and wheat bran have been used in gardens, at the
rate of about one ounce of the poison to two or three pounds of the bran.
A mash made of bran, Paris-green and water, and sweetened with mo-
lasses, has also been used by gardeners.

But in field operations with corn grown on a large scale, the main
practices to be relied upon are :

(1) Avoidance of corn after sod or weeds;

(2) Fall or winter plowing, or very early in spring, if sod lands are
to be put in corn ;

(3) Moderately late planting.

For further discussion of the methods mentioned, see Rotation (p. 6),
Fall Plowing (p. 7), Time of Planting (p. 7), Planting Increased
Quantity of Seed (p. 7), Cultivation (p. 8).

THE CORN (AND COTTON) ROOT-LOUSE. {Ai)his Aladai-radicis, Forbes.)

Order Hemiptera. Family ApMdidfe.

(Also called "Blue-bug," "Blue-louse," "Blue Root-louse.")

Description. — A small greenish or bluish plant-louse attacking the
roots of young corn, causing i\ to be of slow, belated grov/th or unhealthy
color. Their presence often indicated by ants entering and leaving the
ground at the hill.

20 The Bulletin.

Injury in North Carolina. — In this State this Root-louse has not often
been reported on corn, though it does injury to this crop. It is much
more often reported as a pest of cotton, and the writer believes that the
first published record of it as a really serious cotton pest was in a Bulle-
tin of this Department.^ Injury to corn, however, has been reported
several times in recent years, from the counties of Bladen, Caldwell, For-
syth, Gaston, and Union. As it is a pest of cotton chiefly in our eastern
counties, has been reported on corn to the edge of the mountains, and is
known as a corn pest throughout the entire State of Illinois, we must
conclude that it does attack corn throughout the entire length and
breadth of North Carolina, even though definite complaints of it on this
crop have been few. Like the other underground insects, it is likely to
pass unnoticed except in the most aggravated cases.

Life-history. — Here again we must acknowledge our indebtedness to
the work of Dr. Forbes in Illinois. ISTot only was he the original de-
scriber of the Corn Root-louse as a species, but what is known of its ex-
act life-history comes largely from the work of his office. Working
in a great State the chief crop of which is corn, he has studied care-
fully the insect enemies of that plant, and many of his publications
have discussed this Corn Root-louse, and the relation which the attend-
ant ant bears to it.

Dr. Forbes says that the first generation of Root-lice in the spring
are all wingless, and if the plants on which they feed remain thrifty,
many generations in succession will be wingless; but that if the plant
becomes overcrowded by them and seems likely to die, then many of
the oncoming generations have wings which enable them to migrate in
search of new plants. Such stray lice are found by the ants which
attend them, and are quickly placed on roots of plants which will sup-
port them — on corn if in a cornfield. Here they multiply until the ap-
proach of winter. All this time, from the opening of spring through
many generations, only female Root-lice are produced, all being born
alive (no eggs) ; but as cold weather approaches in fall, the last gen-
eration contains both males and females; these mate, and the fertilized
females lay eggs which pass the winter and hatch to wingless females in
the spring. In Illinois Dr. Forbes finds an average of about sixteen gen-
erations per year.2 The louse is largely dependent upon the cornfield
ant, for this ant stores the eggs of the Root-louse in its burrows over
winter, and when they hatch in spring they place the young lice on
the roots of plants upon which they can feed. The lice secrete from
their bodies a sweetish substance known as "honey-dew," and it is to
obtain this that the ants attend the lice. The ants themselves do not
hurt the corn (or cotton), nor do they give birth to lice, nor do they de-

iVol. 20. No. R. Bui. N. C. Dept. Agr., June, 1908, "Insect Enemies of Cotton," by
P. Sherman, p. 17.

^Account condensed from "The Corn Root-aphis in Illinois." Circular of III. Exp. Sta.,
Jan., 1913, by S. A. Forbes.

The Bulletin. 21

stroy the lice. They are an entirely distinct species of insect and attend
the lice for the purpose of securing the honey-dew.

Although with us this Root-louse is recognized as a pest only on cot-
ton and corn, it is known to feed on the roots of many other plants
which may tide it over in places or in seasons when corn or cotton are
not within its reach.

REMEDIES.

Throughout our cotton-growing region the time-worn two-year rota-
tion of corn one year, cotton the next, and then back to coi'n again,
acts directly in favor of the increase of this louse, for it feeds upon the
roots of both these plants. Hence a rotation which shall at least every
third year put some crop on the land other than cotton or corn would
surely offer a hope of relief.

Corn (or cotton) fields which have been infested may be deeply
winter-plowed to break up the ants' nests, the soil being deeply culti-
vated (or disked) before being planted to the next crop.

It stands to reason that thorough preparation of the land, liberal
fertilization, and frequent cultivation will all tend either to discourage
or interfere with the ants or the lice, and will encourage the crop to
healthy growth which may withstand moderate attacks.

THE CORN BUD-WORM. {Diahrotica 12-punctata, Oliv.)

Order Coleoptera. Family Clirysomelidw.

(Also called "Root-worm" and "Drill- worm.")

Description. — A slender worm or grub, half an inch long, yellowish
white, destroys young corn by eating into the stalk below ground, killing
the central portion. Worse on lowgrounds in cool belated seasons. The
adult beetle is about one-third inch long, yellowish green with twelve
black spots, feeding on many plants and often destructive on squash and
related crops.

Injury in North Carolina. — The Corn Bud-worm is a pest of long
standing in this State, so much so that a certain amount of injury by
it is taken largely as a matter of course. From the very considerable
number of letters which have come to us regarding it, we quote from
several to show the nature of the injury as the farmer sees it :

"Have been troubled witti something that kills my corn from time it comes
up until 6 or 8 inches high ; looks like a worm had cut the heart of the corn
under the ground near the root ; the heart dies and the stalk is worthless."

"Corn Bud-worms are the worst insect I have to contend with. On low
bottom-lands they kill about one-half of it in cool spells. They work about
an inch from the grain of corn."

"A great deal of my corn is killed by Bud-worms when about a hand high."

22

The BuLLETiisr.

In June, 1907, I was told tliat it was unusually destructive that year
in Henderson County, and that it is regularly Avorse in wet, cool seasons.

a—

Pig. 5. — The Corn Bud-worm, showing adult beetle (e), larva (6),
pupa ((/), and egg (a), all enlarged; natural sizes indicated by-
lines, etc., at side. Work on corn shown natural size at c.
(Redrawn from Riley, Div. Ent, U. S. Dept. Agr.)

Field Notes on the Adults.— Out OAvn notes throw some light on the
habits and behavior of the adult beetles.

Hibernation. — The winter is passed in the adult stage, presumably
under any adequate shelter. In ."December, 1906, I found many sluggish
adults inside of cracked gourds in a field in Brunswick County, and
this may be a common place for hibernation. On October 31, 1900, at
Ealeigh, I found many eating into and inside of gourds which were
green, but the vines of which Avere dead. But I helieve that many (per-
haps most) of them pass the winter under rubbish or trash.

Emergence in Spring. — March 10, 1904, I found adults common in
blooming strawberry fields in Pender County. By March 25, same year,
had noted them feeding on opening leaf-buds and flowers of fruit trees
at both Southern Pines and Raleigh. In 1907 I noticed first adults in
flight at Raleigh on March 22. In 1908, on March 25, adults were
plentiful at Ealeigh feeding on many kinds of new vegetation. In
1909, April 16, at Louisburg, Pranklin County, I found them abundant
on young pear foliage, many females heavy with eggs ; though an assist-
ant noted adults mating freely as late as May 17 in 1907, at Raleigh.
In 1913 I saw the first active adult in garden at Raleigh on March 29.

Later Habits of Adults.— In October, 1900, I noted that adults were
common on goldenrod and aster. On May 17, 1907, Mr. R. S. Wog-

The Bulletin. 23

luin, assistant, noted tlieni abundant on squash at Raleigh, as many as
25 on one leaf, and mating was common. At Andrews, Cherokee
County, on May 20, 1911, I found adults plentiful on cabbage in gar-
den, and indicated their presence on beans. As a matter of fact, the
adults feed freely on leaves and flowers of many plants, and are not
confined to any particular kinds.

Life-history. — Prof. F. M. Webster' has recently published an account
of this pest, in which he has brought together the observations of many
workers, and concludes that "from all available information it appears
that the egg period varies greatly and may require from 7 to 24 days,
the larval (worm) period 15 to 35 days, and that of the pupa (between
the worm and the adult beetle) from 7 to 13 days."

Dr. Chittenden' records one individual adult beetle as having laid 209
eggs, though this is probably above the average, and he concludes that
there are three broods at Washington, and possibly four further south.

Briefly stated, the general life-history of the insect seems to be about
as follows: The adults pass the winter, emerge very early in spring,
feeding on flowers and foliage, mate, and lay eggs at the base of corn or
other plants in which the worms feed; the worms on hatching from the
eggs, burrow into the root or stalk of the plant attacked, become grown
in a few weeks, leave the plant and change to the pupa state in the earth
close by, from which the beetles emerge one to tAvo weeks later. Several
broods are produced in the course of the season.

Two farmers in Worth Carolina, Dr. Porter of Pender County and
Mr. James Middleton of Wake, placed jars over infested corn plants and
thus bred the adult beetles.

REMEDIES.

The time of planting appears to be the greatest factor in preventing
Com Bud-worm. The complaints quoted shoAv it to be worse early in the
season, or in cool spells of early spring; hence the general later plant-
ing of corn would suggest itself.

In South Carolina Mr. W. A. Thomas' divides his State into three
general regions corresponding to our (1) coastal plain, (2) lower pied-
mont, and (3) upper piedmont, and concludes (in South Carolina, be it
remembered) that in the first or eastern of these divisions corn planted
after May 5th will escape the worst of the injury; in the second or
middle region, after May 12th, while in the west, after May 19th. For
our own State, we should be inclined to make all the dates from one to
two weeks later to allow for difference in latitude and elevation.

But the experience and testimony of farmers themselves cannot be
wholly disregarded, at least not unless the most exact and definite evi-

^Bul. No. 5. U. S. Dept. Agr., Sept. 27, 1913, "Southern Corn Root-worm or Bud-worm."
F. M. Webster.

=Cir. 59, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., "Corn Root-worms." F. H. Chittenden, March,
1905.

^BuL 161, S. C. Exp. Sta., "The Bud-worm of Corn." W. A. Thomas, March, 1912.

24 The Bulletin.

dence to the contrary can be produced; and in Nortli Carolina many
farmers insist that they can escape the bulk of Bud-worm injury to their
corn by either very early, or late, planting.^ An intelligent farmer
in Yadkin County at the Farmers' Institute in August, 1908, said that
with him corn planted in either April or June was not much hurt by
Bud-worms, but if planted in May, it was hurt. His testimony is typi-
cal of that offered by many others, though somewhat more explicit.

If one's experience shows that either early or late planting will escape
bud-worm injury, then we would incline to give the late planting the
preference, as it will have the tendency to avoid other pests (cut-worms,
stalk-borers), and also allows opportunity for better preliminary prepa-
ration of the ground.

It has been noted that Bud-worm is worse on lowlands, hence the use
of other lands for corn when entirely available and convenient, will help
to avoid injury.

As with many other corn pests, ample cultivation and liberal fertiliza-
tion will enable the corn to recover from slight attacks. Also the
planting of liberal amount of seed will provide enough plants for a
''stand," even though some is killed by Bud-worm.

THE CORN BILL-BEETLE.

Order Coleoptera. Family Calandridce.
(Also called "Bill-bug," "Klew-bug," "Curlew-bug," etc.)

Description. — A grayish to blackish hard-shell beetle about 1/2 ii^ch
long, with strong down-curved beak or snout ; damages corn by punctur-
ing the stalks near the ground.

This is one of the worst corn pests in the eastern part of the State.
Many points in regard to its life-history, habits, and methods of
control are not yet entirely clear ; and as it is now under special investi-
gation by Prof. Z. P. Metcalf of our Experiment Station, it is consid-
ered best to omit any effort at detailed discussion.

THE CORN-ROOT WEB-WORM. (Crambus caliginocellus, Clem.)
Order Lepidoptera. Family Pyralidw.

Description. — Whitish caterpillars with small black spots on body,
attaining length of % to % inch ; attacking young com near the ground ;
each caterpillar surrounding itself with a slight web.

Injury in North Carolina. — Only a few complaints have come to us
regarding this insect, and we shall devote but little space to it. Yet we
feel sure that in the total it must do considerable injury, for the adult
moths are very common in grassy fields at Ealeigh in summer and the
insect is of wide distribution.

^The idea of earlv planting to escape bud-worm also exists in Alabama. Cir. No. 8,
Ala. Exp. Sta., March, 1911, "Bud-worms in Corn," by W. F. Turner, p. 6.

The Bulletin. 25

Life-history and Habits. — The adult insect is a delicate little moth of
silvery-gray color, which frequents grassy fields, where the eggs are laid
in summer and fall. The larvae normally live upon grasses, eating into
the stems or bulbous roots at the surface of the ground. When corn
is planted on land just from sod the larvse are often already present in
great numbers, and being deprived of their natural food of grasses, they
attack the corn, eating into the stalk at the surface of the ground, each
larva being somewhat protected by a loose web which acts as a barrier
to predaceous enemies and parasites. When grown the larva is about
three-quarters of an inch in length, yellowish-white, pinkish, reddish, or
even of a reddish-brown color, being quite variable. In midsummer
they change to the pupa state at or close to the base of the plant, and
emerge as moths two weeks later. Eggs are at once laid in grass lands,
where the partly grown larvae pass the winter and are ready to com-
mence feeding as soon as spring opens.

REMEDIES.

By avoiding corn immediately after sod much of the injury by this
insect will be averted. If sod land is to be planted in corn, fall plowing
will kill many of these insects by exposure or starvation.

THE LARGER CORN STALK-BORER. (DiatrcEa saccharalis, Fab.)

Order Lepidoptera. Family Pyralidce.

(Sometimes called "Shatter- worm.")

Description. — Whitish caterpillars with brown or black specks, reach-
ing length of about 1 inch, injuring corn by boring into the stalk
and (when corn is young) into the terminal growing part, causing weak-
ness and distorted growth, rendering the plant worthless when the attack
is severe. Injury becomes evident in June. The adult moth measures
about an inch from tip to tip of wings, is yellowish-brown, and is an
active flier.

Injury in North Carolina. — This is a prevalent pest in this State and
at times very destructive. While most of the complaints have come
from the southern and southeastern counties, we believe it to be present
throughout the State, at least east of the mountains. We have reports
of it from the following widely separated counties, as well as many
others : Alamance, Columbus, Duplin, Edgecombe, Mecklenburg, Euth-
erford, and Warren. It is considered to be rather a southern insect, and
is a standard pest of sugar-cane in Louisiana.

At Red Springs, Robeson County, in 1902, the writer found it abun-
dant and destructive, as many as six of the worms being taken from a
single stalk, and from 10 to 15 per cent of the stalks were ruined. At
Raleigh, in July, 1913, I found much injury by it in a garden, the worms
even working in the tops which were bunched for tassel; in the stalks
3— May

26

The Bulletin,

F'iG. 6. — Work of the larger Corn Stalk-borer, a, ap-
pearance of young stalk badly injured, b, stalk cut
open near root to show burrow and pupa inside.
(After Howard, Div. of Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr.)

Fig. 7. — Showing larva of larger Corn Stalk-borer, a, b and c
showing variations in the markings, etc. Natural length in-
dicated by line below a. d, e, / and g, views of certain
parts of body of larva.

(After Howard. Div. of Ent.. U. S. Dept. Agr.)

The Bulletin.

27

they were present above where the ear Avoiild be. As a rule, it works in
the lower part of the stalk (especially later in the season) and often close
to the ground. In Mecklenburg County it was reported as having de-
stroyed a very serious per cent of the stalks in 1913.

Life-history. — As an enemy of corn, studies of this pest have been
published by both Dr. L. O. Howard^ and George C. Ainslie- of Wash-
ington, and by Prof. R. I. Smith,-" formerly of the North Carolina
Station. Two distinct broods are recognized. The winter is passed in
the caterpillar stage below the ground level in the stalks or roots of
corn, perhaps also in some other plants. In spring the caterpillars
change to the pupa state, from which the adult moths emerge after about
two weeks. These moths then lay eggs on the young corn and these
hatch into the first destructive Avorms of the season, boring into the
stalks and tops of the growing corn, their injuries becoming noticeable
from June 10 to 20, at which time the worms are growing rapidly and

r

{ ■

Fig. 8. — Pupa and adult of larger Corn Stalk-
borer, a, adult moth, h, showing wings of
male moth, c, pupa. Natural size of moth
and pupa indicated by lines.

(After Howard, Div. of Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr.)

boring actively in the stalks. In Robeson County (1902) we found
grown worms and others that had changed to pupae on June 30th, and
from these we reared adult moths July 8th. The first brood of moths,
therefore, appeared that year to emerge first half of July, though two
years later we received larvae from Mecklenburg County on July 2d ; so
in the higher and cooler sections they are probably always somewhat
later in reaching maturity. The second brood of worms burrow into the
stalks chiefly in the first two joints above ground, and often so weaken
the^n that they are blown to the ground. The worms of this second gen-
eration become grown by harvest, burrow down the center of the stalks

^f'ir. 16, second series, Div. l-^nt., V. S. Dept. As
Howard, Aug.. 1S9G.

"Larger Corn Stalk-boror." L. O.

-Cir. 116, second series. Uur. V.wX., V. S. Dept. Agr., ''Larger Corn Stalk-borer." George
N. Ainslie, Feb., 1910.

"Bui. 107, N. C. Exp. Sta., "Insects of Garden Crops." R. I. Smith. May, 1008, p. .35.

28 The Bullethst.

to the root, and there pass the winter in the full-grown condition, chang-
ing to pupse in the spring, from which the moths emerge to lay eggs for
the destructive spring brood of worms.

It must be remembered that no exact dates can be set for the times at
which moths will emerge, or eggs be laid, for these will vary with the
season and elevation. Thus at Raleigh, in 1913, we found larvae
abundant in cornstalks July 1st, and in 1905 we found pupse July 15th
in stalks from Johnston County, though in 1902 we bred adult moths
July 8th. But it seems fairly well established that normally there are
two full broods each season. It is quite likely that some of the worms of
the second brood feed on other plants than corn — indeed, in addition
to corn and cane, Ainslie says that it has been reported on sorghum,
Johnson grass, guinea-corn, and gama grass.

If each worm simply burrowed once into the stalks and remained
inside, the case might not be so serious; but they have the destructive
habit of leaving and reentering the stalk again, so that each worm may
make several holes.

REMEDIES.

Thorough destruction of stalks which have been rendered useless, rem-
nants, and stubble, would seem to be the most likely method of con-
trol. If infested stalks be cut close to the ground while borers are
still in them, and fed green, many of the borers will inevitably be de-
stroyed. If the stalks are left standing until the usual time of harvest,
and are then cut close to the ground and shredded or made into ensilage,
it is to be presumed that some of the second brood will be destroyed.
Those left in the stubble can then be reached by plowing out the stubble,
raking together and burning. Through the early part of the season (up
to about July 1st) stalks which have already been rendered worthless
should be pulled and fed green as fast as they are seen to destroy the
worms in them, for they have no future value anyway. Our common
custom of "pulling" the fodder and allowing the stalks to stand is favor-
able to this insect. But if the fodder is to be "pulled," and it is desired
to allow the stalks to rot in the field, then if they be plowed under as
deeply as possible the adult moths would have difficulty in emerging.

Next to the destroying of the Borers themselves in the stalks, the later
average planting seems to offer the best hope of escape. The data al-
ready given indicate that corn planted reasonably late will largely escape
injury by the first brood, though it will be exposed to the second brood.
Dr. Howard presents results noted in 1891 (in Virginia?), from Avhich
the following is given :

Date of Planting. Per Cent of Damaged Stalls.

April 1 to 15 25

April 15 to 28 20

May 1 to 15 15

May 15 to 31 12

June 1 to 15 8, or less.

The Bulletin. 29

Mr. Ainslie also recommends rotation as one of the best preventive
measures, and says : "Wliere corn has followed itself on the same field
for two or more years there has been a much greater loss than where
a change of crop is practiced, especially where stalks and stubble remain
undisturbed through winter." But he also says: "By far the most
effective plan is to remove the stubble from the field with a rake and
burn it."

The writer believes that this Stalk-borer offers a good chance for co-
operative effort, for the moths are active fliers and can readily make
their way from one field to another; hence it would seem that best re-
sults would be secured by all the farmers in a locality using the same
methods at the same time.

THE CHINCH BUG. {Blissus leucopterus, Say.)
Order Ilcmiptera. Family Lygwidce.

Description. — Small bugs about one-fifth inch long, blackish with
white wings, the young bugs reddish. Appear at times in great numbers
in wheat, oats, corn, millet, and timothy. There are both long-winged
and short-winged forms. Most destructive in our piedmont section on
"poor land." Primarily a dry-weather pest.

Injury in North Carolina. — This insect is very irregular in its ap-
pearance as a pest. It is present every year, but only at irregular inter-
vals does it become excessively abundant. Any pest of this character is
sure to be often reported when it does appear in numbers, especially by
those of the younger generation of farmers who have not become in-
different to its ravages. Farmers who have lived long in the region of
Chinch-bug injury well know of their destructiveness ; others may take
our statement for it that when conditions favor their increase they
appear by millions, sucking the sap from the plants until they dry up as
if from drought or fire. At such times the destruction is often complete,
every stalk being sucked to death (not eaten) by the insects. From our
somewhat voluminous correspondence we quote the following as typical
and enlightening:

"They came from my wheat-field and are sucking my corn to death; have
covered 2 or 3 acres in ten days." (Later) "They are not doing very much
while the heavy rains fall."

"I think they first appeared in oats, then destroyed sorghum-cane, now in
the corn and are destroying it. They get around the stalk near the ground and
on the blades and suck it to death; seem to move in a solid army. Paris-
green will not kill them."

"After harvest the bugs came from the adjoining wheat-field, marched into
my corn and sucked it until it died or was so dwarfed (next the wheat) that
no ears could form."

30 The Bulletin.

"Siuce the wheat was cut they have gone iuto the coru. They cover the
stalk around the roots and in a few days the stalks will die."

"They gather at the root of the corn (or) under the sheath of the blade and
there suck until they ruin the whole stalk."

"They sometimes ruin our corn on the clay land. If I had a remedy would
prefer to plant corn on the clay and cotton on the sandy laud."

In May, 1905, a correspondent in Kockingliam County wrote that
he had suffered destruction to timothy by Chinch Bugs for four years in
succession ; but we are forced to believe that this was a very unusual ex-
perience, at least for this State.

Pig. 9. — AduU Chinch Bug, show-
ing dark color of body and
white wings. Much enlarged.
Insect in reality about one-
fifth inch in length. This is
the long-winged form of the in-
sect.

(After Webster, Div. Ent, U. S.
Dept. Agr.)

DISTKIBUTION, HABITS, LIFE-HISTORY,'

Distribution. — The Chinch Bug occurs throughout the United States
east of New Mexico, Wyoming, and North Dakota (including parts of
those States) ; also in southern and eastern Canada, eastern Mexico, in
Central America and Panama; also in areas in California. It seem-
ingly is absent in southern Florida, and occurs sparingly if at all in the
higher Alleghany Mountains (statement made from Webster's Map).
The area in which it is to be regarded as a pest is more restricted, em-
bracing a large territory in what we term the "central west" (including
Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, etc.). There are spots of severe in-
fection in Maine, New York, Tennessee, and Louisiana. But what is of

'Among the writings on Chinch Bug, we may mention Bui. 95, 111. Exp. Sta., by S. A.
Forbes ; "The 1912 Chinch Bug Campaign in Illinois," by S. A. Forbes ; Bui. 09, Bur.
Ent.. U. S. Dept. Agr.. bv F. M. Webster; Cir. 113, Bur. Ent., V. S. Dept. Agr., by
F. M. Webster ; Bui. 191, Kan. Exp. Sta., by T. J. Headlee and .1. W. McCuUoch.

The Bulletin.

31

most concern to ^North Carolina farmers is the fact that a belt of badly
infested territory begins in central Virginia, extends entirely across the
piedmont area of ]^orth Carolina, and terminates in South Carolina.
(Webster's Map).

This indication by Professor Webster is in accord with the ravages
reported in North Carolina. The only strictly eastern counties from
which we have had complaints are Pamlico and Gates ; but in the pied-
mont section complaints have been numerous from Warren to Stokes
counties on the north, southward to and including the counties of
Wake, Lee, and Anson in the east, and Rowan, Iredell, and Gaston on
the west, thus including the greater part of our "piedmont" area. The
writer has, however, collected specimens of the bug at Beaufort on the
coast; but it has not been reported as a pest there.

(^W \^^::^'^'

Fig. 10. — Showing various stages in growth of Chinch
Bug. a and b, eggs, c, e, f and g, stages in growth
of young bugs, d, h and j, legs, i, sucking beak
through which the insect sucks sap from the plant.
All enlarged, natural sizes indicated by lines, etc.,
at side of figures.

(After Riley, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr.)

Hal its and Life-history. — Adult bugs pass the winter in grasses,
under rubbish, etc. At Raleigh we have found them in winter under
boards at grassy edges of fields. When spring opens these bugs take
flight early and seek growing grasses or small grains which will serve as
food. In 1905 (while inspecting wheat-fields for Hessian Fly with Pro-
fessor Webster), it was found April 11 in Guilford County at base of
wheat plants. We did not find eggs nor observe mating. On April 14
(1905) Professor Webster found one adult in wheat-field in Mecklen-
burg County. My notes of that trip say : "Farmers say they appear
worse in spots near stumps, stones, and trash, in which, no doubt, they
hibernate. Stones and trash were near where these were found." The
adults which emerge in spring fly freely in search of suitable food.

Once settled in the fields of small grain (or grass), they finally lay
^ggs, and the young bugs which hatch feed on the growing plants. The
young bug bears a general resemblance to the adult, though it is red-
dish and wingless (there is no worm, larva, or caterpillar stage in the

32 The Bulletin.

Chincli Bug). About the time of harvesting wheat and oats these young
bugs mature, and they then spread to cornfields for new food, doing so
mostly by walldyig or crawling instead of flying, though they have wings.
Another brood of young then develop in the corn, and these, when
winter approaches, seek winter quarters. There are, so far as positively
known, only two complete and distinct broods, the first maturing in the
small grain and the second in the corn. This fact of two distinct broods
and the habit of migrating is clearly indicated in the letters of com-
plaint which we have already quoted. But it is worthy of special em-
phasis that in going from the wheat or oats to the corn, they do so
chiefly oy crawling {not flying), for on this point the protection of the
corn from the bugs largely depends.

The Chinch Bug, both in young and adult, is provided with a beak at-
tached to the head, which is thrust into the plant and through which the
juices are sucked. Being thus a sap feeder, it cannot be poisoned by
Paris-green, etc., which must remain only on the surface of the plant.
The effect of their attack is to dry out and wilt down the plant.

There are two forms, or races, of the Chinch Bug : one having wings
nearly as long as the body when adult, the other having decidedly
shorter wings when adult. It is said that the short-winged form is more
prone to attack grasses; while it is the long-winged form that is the
chief enemy to corn.^ All the adult bugs in our collection are of the
long-winged form.

Dry Weather Favors Chinch Bugs. — Usually Chinch Bugs are more
destructive in dry weather, and in wet seasons they are not so notice-
able. This is apparently because of certain epidemics of disease among
them which are more virulent during wet seasons. It is well for fanners
to know this, as it is often convenient to be able to forecast, even though
imperfectly, their probable appearance in any locality in destructive
numbers. Heavy showers also drown many of them.

Worse on Certain Lands. — A preference for clay lands rather than
sandy is indicated in the complaints already quoted, and the same or
similar testimony is often offered to the writer when discussing this in-
sect at Farmers' Institutes. We have also been assured at Institutes
(humorously but seriously) that there is no better preventive for them
than stable manure, as they are sure to be most destructive on the "thin,
poor spots in the field," and that the farmer on thin, poor land suffers
worse from them than the one on rich, strong land. In any event, we
can all agree that the more vigorous and healthy the corn, the more re-
sistant it will be to slight injuries, whether from this or any other insect.

Natural Enemies. — On account of a very disagreeable odor possessed
by these insects, one would not expect to find many enemies which

^Cases similar to this are known in other insects. Certain grasshoppers which inhabit
densely grassy places are short-winged and cannot fly, while closely related species occur-
ring in the open have longer wings and can fly.

The Bulletin. 33

would devour them. Although a large number of birds doubtless eat
them to a greater or less extent, the quail or common "Bobwhite" stands
at the head of the list, and the blackbirds, bobolinks and sparrows
follow.

But by far the most prevalent natural enemies of the Chinch Bug are
certain diseases, particularly those of a fungous nature, which not in-
frequently save many thousands of dollars to the farmers by destroying
the bugs. One of these fungous diseases, kno^Ti as the Muscardine fun-
gus, has been considerably experimented with in Kansas and some
other states, to see if it could not be artificially introduced into fields
where the bugs were doing injury ; but it is so sIoav to get started, and so
uncertain in its results, that it has never come into general use.

REMEDIES.

Out of all the mass of recommendations for the control of chinch
bugs, three methods stand out as available and useful as conditions exist
in this State: (1) Destruction of the bugs in their winter quarters;
(2) preventing them from spreading from Avheat or oats to corn by
means of barriers to their progress, and (3) killing them (the young
ones, at least) by spraying while they are in restricted areas, before they
have spread throughout the cornfield.

Destruction of Bugs in Winter.— In Kansas, where the bugs seem to
hibernate largely in bunch-grass, they have been successfully destroyed
by burning over closely so as to reach those that are close down between
the bases of the stems. In North Carolina we at present know of no
one place in which the bugs especially congregate for winter, but have
found them under rubbish in grassy places near cornfields. Hence the
cleaning and burning over of such waste places, fence-rows, ditch-banks,
etc., adjacent to cornfields which were infested in summer will seem
likely to destroy many of the over-wintering bugs. But as the bugs are
not usually serious with us two years in succession, farmers may neglect
this after-measure, and may be more inclined to depend on the next
method discussed, namely:

Preventing the Spread into Corn, hy Barriers. — For this purpose, a
deep furrow, a strip of plowed and finely pulverized soil, a narrow
strip of tar laid in a furrow or even simply on the ground — these all
serve to check the insects in their march from one field to another. If
a furrow is to be used it should be deep and so run that the earth
shall be thrown toward where the bugs are already congregated, so
that they will have to climh the steep side of the furrow. If the insects
are found in the oat stubble, for example, one or two such furrows should
at once be plowed around the field to prevent their escape. Two furrows
a few feet apart will of course be more effective than one.

34 The Bulletin.

The furrow may be made still more effective by digging holes with
regular post-hole digger every 15 to 20 feet in the bottom of the furrow.
The bugs falling in the furrow will run along trying to find an outlet,
and presently falling in the holes, will be quite unable to escape.^

Infested stubble can be burned over, if thick and dry enough, or
plowed deeply and rolled or dragged to finely pulverize the surface.

If a strip several yards wide be plowed around the infested oats or
wheat and this be finely pulverized, the bugs will have difficulty in cross-
ing it so long as the surface remains dry and dusty ; rain will hinder its
usefulness.

The use of a strip or line of tar around a field serves the same
general purpose.^ Two such strips a yard or two apart will be even more
effective. The earth may be scraped clean along the line where the tar
is to be placed, so that sticks, grass or weeds shall not seiwe as bridges
for the insects to cross.

Where a part of the cornfield has become infested, the same methods
may be employed, separating the infested from the uninfested parts of
the field, so as to check their advance.

Of course, the best protection will be secured by the employment of
several of these methods together.

The success of these methods is based upon the fact that the adults
which mature in June crawl rather than jiy, even though they do have
wings. And as their legs are short and their bodies comparatively in-
elastic, they find it difficult to overcome obstacles such as have been
mentioned ; furrows, strips of tar, or finely pulverized soil making very
effectual barriers to their progress. Of course, a sudden dash of rain
may destroy the barriers, which must be replaced at once.

Spraying. — "We are not advocating the spraying of whole cornfields
to protect them from Chinch Bug. This spraying method is available
chiefly while the bugs are only in restricted areas of the corn.

Kerosene eniulsion has been recommended for this purpose by Pro-
fessor Webster (1907), to be prepared as follows: Dissolve i/o lb. of
hard soap in 1 gal. water, bring to a boil, then pour in 2 gals, kerosene
and churn together vigorously until it becomes cream-like. To each gal-
lon of this add 15 gallons of water, mixing thoroughly. He states that
it is best to spray the corn with this before 8 a. m. or after 5 p. m., as
it will then be less likely to hurt the plants.

But in the writer's personal experience with plant-lice he finds that
ordinary grades of laundry soap dissolved in warm water is an excellent
substitute for the more complicated (and more dangerous to plants) oil

iHeadlee and McColloch, in Kansas, found a blast-torch preferable for destroying the
bugs along the barrier.

=In Illinois, Dr. Forbes had excellent results from "Road Oil No. 7," a grade costing
about $3.50 per barrel and especially prepared for Chinch Bug work. (Standard Oil Re-
finery, Whiting. Ind. ) In this State tar would perhaps be more available.

The Bulletin. 35

emulsion. And Dr. Forbes in his Chinch Bug work in 1912 found that,
"Chinch Bugs were killed by the soap solution alone, with no injury to
the corn, if cheap rosin soaps were used at the rate of 1 lb. to 6 gals,
water."

In this State such brands as "Octagon," "IN'ew Home," and the like are
everywhere in common household use, and we have controlled many
plant-lice by using these brands dissolved in water at rate of 1 lb. to 4
gals. Hence we give the method by which we have prepared it, believing
(without actual test against this particular pest) that it will be quite
satisfactory against young Chinch Bugs:

Cut 1 lb. of soap into thin slices in 2 gals, water. Bring to boil to
dissolve the soap; now pour in 2 gals, water (cold preferably), and spray
while the solution is still warm.

If the cheaper grades of "rosin soap" are on hand, they may be used
in same way, or, as suggested by Dr. Forbes, even at the weaker strength
of 1 lb. to 6 gals. In spraying for Chinch Bugs use liberally enough to
thoroughly drench them.

In closing this discussion of the remedial measures for the Chinch
Bug, it is of interest to read the following letter from one who used the
furrow method. This letter is here given because there are so many
who believe that such a remedy Avill not prove satisfactory:

* * * Will say that I first had deep furrows, throwing the dirt from the
corn and then bedded back to the corn. In this way the bugs were held in
check, and destroyed only ten or twelve rows that they first appeared in.
Thanking you for your prompt reply, I am.

Very truly, W. N. Boyd.

Warrenton, Warren County, N. C, October 19, 1904.

ARMY WORMS— TWO KINDS.
Order Lepldoptera. Family Noctuidw.

There are two distinct, though closely related, species of corn insects
which when abundant are commonly called "Army-worms." The adults
of both are moths and they belong to the same family (Noctuidw), which
family also contains the cut-Avorm and ear-worm moths, discussed in

this BULLETII^.

iVs the life-histories of these two insects differ, we discuss each sepa-
rately. The one which normally is destructive earlier in the season is
the true "Army- worm" ; the other which is destructive later is distin-
guished by the name of the "Fall Army-worm,"

THE ARMY-WORM. {Heliophila unipuncta, Haw.)

t

Description. — The grown caterpillars are about l^/o inches long, of a
dark gray or blackish color with three narrow yellowish stripes above

36

The Bulletin.

and a darker and broader one on each side, appearing at times in hordes
of countless thousands, devouring vegetation of various kinds, but espe-
cially grains and grasses. The adult moths spread about IV2 inches
from tip to tip of the wings and are brownish-yellow in color.

Injury in North Carolina. — Very few outbreaks of this
insect have been reported to us, although it is certainly
present in at least limited numbers every year. Adult
moths are often found at Kaleigh from May to JSTovem-
ber. We have one adult moth captured by the writer at
Hendersonville in June, 1907. The indications are that
it occurs throughout the State, but that its area of de-
structiveness is chiefly in the western half.

In 1907, three complaints of damage by it were received
from the mountains, but in no case was the outbreak re-
ported as widespread. The complaints were all in May.

In August, 1908, while the writer was in the western
part of the State on Institute work, news of an "Army-
worm" outbreak came from Durham, IST. C, and this was
looked into by Assistant Z. P. Metcalf, some of whose
observations will be presented later in this account.

Life-history, Habits, etc. — There are undoubtedly sev-
eral broods of this insect each year, for at Raleigh the
moths have been collected from May to November by Mr.

Fig. 11. — Army-
worm ( larva )
on head of
timothy. Nat-
ural size.

(After C o m-
stock, D i V.
E n t., U. S.
Dept. Agr.)

Fig. 12. — Army-worm moth, pupa and

eggs on grass stem. Natural size.

(After Comstock, Div. Ent., U. S.

Dept. Agr.)

C. S. Brimley. Dr. Forbes^ states that only one brood is apt to be de-
structive in any one locality in any one year. This agrees with the
reports which have come to us; and observations in 1908 indicate that
there is a good reason. It is believed that the winter is spent in the

'An excellent account which I have consulted in this connection is given by Dr. S. A.
Forbes in Bui 95. 111. Exp. Sta. Some of the statements are also based on a Bulletin of
the X. y. (Cornell) Exp. Sta., by M. V. Slingerland.

The Bulletin. 37

adult moth state, the moths laying eggs in early spring in grassy places,
each female moth being capable of laying several hundred eggs. The
worms which hatch from these feed on grasses, and when the supply is
exhausted may march in an ''army" into corn or other grain. They feed
eagerly, groAv rapidly, and finally enter the earth to change to the pupa
stage, from which adult moths emerge in two weeks, and these, after
mating, lay eggs for another brood.

When searching for new food they often move in a solid army con-
taining countless thousands of individual worms, and devour all suit-
able food as they go. The records that we have for this State indicate
that they have destroyed corn, grasses, and timothy; but wheat, oats,
millet, etc., are also relished. Their preference seems to be for the grass-
like plants; but in absence of these, they may be induced by hunger to
take others.

Natural Enemies. — Fortunately, this Army- worm seems especially
susceptible to subjection by its natural enemies, among which the most
important seems to be a parasitic fly ( Winthemia Jk-pustulata, Fab. Or-
der Diptera). This fly is somewhat larger than a house-fly and more
bristly. It lays its eggs on the skin of the Army-worm and the fly-
maggots hatching from these eggs eat into the body of the worm, usually
causing its death before it can reach the adult moth stage to perpetuate
another brood.

Mr, Z. P. Metcalf, at that time assistant in this office, made observa-
tions on the activity and efficiency of these parasites during the Army-
worm outbreak at Durham in August, 1908. Out of 491 worms which
Mr. Metcalf brought back and confined in cages, 442 were infested with
eggs of this parasite, leaving 49 without parasites, — yet 61 of the worms
developed to the pupa, but only 7 yielded adult moths. In a few cases
he found that where only a single egg had been fastened to the worm,
that it was able to complete its changes and emerge as an adult moth.
But the fact of only 7 moths developing from 491 worms indicates that
over 98 per cent of the worms died before reaching maturity, w^hile from
these same 491 worms he reared 556 adults of the fly-parasite. His data
showed that while many of the parasites also died before they matured,
that the rate of mortality with the Army-worm was over 98 per cent,
while for the parasite it was 73 per cent. This difference would un-
doubtedly be much greater could the rate have been calculated from egg
to adult in both cases; but this was impossible. But these results show
that the tendency would be for the flies to rapidly overtake the worms
in number, and subdue them; and this, no doubt, in large measure ex-
plains why the Army-worm is not more often destructive, and why it is
that usually only one destructive brood shows up in a locality in any
one season.

38 The Bulletin.

remedies.

The remedies for this Army-worm are much the same as for the Fall
Army-worm next discussed, hence will be considered in that connection.
(See page 40.)

THE FALL ARMY-WORM. {Laphygma frugipcrda, S. & A.)

Description. — Grown caterpillars are from 1 inch to IV2 inches long;
along each side a black stripe and in middle a wider yellow-gray stripe
which includes four black dots on each body segment. Sometimes occur-
ring in great numbers together, in late summer, though often more scat-
tering; feed on great variety of plants. The adult moth spreads about
1 inch from tip to tip, front wings mottled grayish-brown, hind wings
pinkish white, almost transparent.

Injury in North Carolina. — In 1899 (before the writer was engaged
in work in the State) this species was destructive in the southeastern
part, being reported to the U. S. Department of Agriculture from several
localities.

In 1902 (August 23) it was reported from Duplin County, and as the
letter well illustrates the work of the species, Ave quote :

"Crab-grass came up all between the peas and the outlook for a fine crop
of hay was very good, but two or three weeks ago a small striped worm ap-
peared and has literally stripped the grass, leaving stems only ; are beginning
to cut the peas ; they are here by millions."

But during the present century, at least, there has been no year in
which the area and severity of its ravages could compare with that of
1912, when it was indeed a severe scourge in many localities in our
State.

Outbreak of 1912. — The first positive report of Fall Army-worm in
1912 came July 20, from Chadbourn, Columbus County, where it was
reported as eating young corn. The last complaint w^as October 26, from
Pilot Mountain, Surry County, where it was attacking rye. The com-
plaints were, however, divided approximately into three series, which
we believe did actually indicate three successive destructive broods of
the worms. The first series of complaints covered the period from July
20 to August 3. The second series began August 17 and ended August
26. The third series of complaints opened September 25 and closed
October 26. There were no complaints dated between August 3 and 17,
nor between August 26 and September 25. The last series contained
only three complaints (September 25, 27, and October 25), of which the
last might possibly represent a fourth destructive generation of worms,
though probably not.

Many of the complaints indicated no particular crop, but among the
crops which were definitely reported as suffering were corn, grass, soy

The Bulletin.

39

beans, peanuts, peas, alfalfa, rye, cane, potatoes (kind not specified),
and cotton. But the cotton fanner who reads this account should bear
in mind that this Fall Army-worm is not the same as the cotton cater-
pillar which stripped cotton throughout the Sate in 1911.

Fig. 13. — Fall Army-worm, a, adult moth ; b, wing, showing vari-
ation in markings ; c, larva or "Fall Army-worm" ; d, part of
body of worm, from side ; e, pupa.

il is twice natural size ; others one-fourth larger than natural size.

(After Chittenden, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr.)

While the injury and complaint regarding Fall Army-worm was espe-
cially severe in 1912, it is interesting to know that the insect is really
common with us every year, though only occasionally do the caterpillars
appear in such destructive hordes. Thus, in 1906 we have undoubted
evidence that the insect was abundant, though no complaint of it reached
us. In that year Mr. C. S. Brimley of Kaleigh, an insect collector, was
collecting moths by attracting them to trees on which a sugar mixture
had been smeared. He noted that the adult moths of this Fall Army-
woi-m were very abundant, counting "about 600 of these moths on five
sugared trees on August 23, and they were present in same numbers the
next two nights. The same five trees were visited by about 300 moths
on the night of October 3." Mr. Brimley records the occurrence of the
moths at Raleigh from late July to early ISTovember.^ These observa-
tions and notes were made and published by Mr. Brimley over three
years before the outbreak of 1912. I present this data here as proof to
our farmers that the severe outbreak of 1912 was not by a "new insect,"
but by one which is present every year, and similar outbreaks may occur
any year when conditions are suited to the insect. Yet the moths are
free fliers and may wander or migrate for some distance before laying
eggs, so that a brood of worms in one locality may yield moths which
wili produce another brood of worms in some other locality. Study of
the distribution of complaints received in 1912, in connection with the
dates, might indicate this, but we will not take the space.

^Entomological News. Jan., 1900. p. .^5.

40 The Bulletin.

Life-history. — Briefly put, the life-history seems to be about as fol-
lows : The winter is believed to be passed mainly in the pupa stage an
inch or two below the surface of the ground. Moths emerging from
these in spring or early summer lay eggs from which a brood of worms
hatch. These, when grown, go underground and change to pupre, from
which another brood of moths emerges later. How many distinct broods
may thus be produced we do not know, but as the worms feed ravenously
and grow rapidly, there are certainly several broods, the later broods
(July to October — our records) being more likely to be destructive.

REMEDIES.

The outbreak of 1912 extended through many of the southern states
and called forth a special appropriation and special investigation by the
U. S. Department of Agriculture. In August, 1912, the TJ. S. Depart-
ment issued Circular No. 40 -(revised), upon which this account of
remedies is based.

Poisoning the Worms. — In making applications of poison to kill the
worms, it must be remembered that the vegetation which is so treated
is not to be used as forage. Hence this method is more applicable to
waste places, or in the edges of cornfields rather than wholesale over
entire forage crops. Paris-green or arsenate of lead may be used, either
as a dust application or in water as a spray. As Paris-green is better
known and more available, we discuss it first, although the arsenate is
considered to be really more effective.

Paris-green, Dry. — Mix Paris-green with lime or flour at rate of 1 lb.
to 4 lbs. of lime or flour. The worms eat it more readily if mixed with
flour, but it is less likely to hurt leaves if mixed with lime. Take your
choice. Dust the plants until whitened.

Paris-green, Spray. — Mix Paris-green with water at rate of 10 ounces
to 50 gallons, adding 2 lbs. of freshly slaked lime. Spray liberally, en-
deavoring to reach all the leaves or blades of the plants treated.

Arsenate of Lead, Dry. — This material is more commonly sold in
paste form, but the dry powdered form can be ordered, and is consid-
ered better than Paris-green because it can be dusted on pure without
injury to the leaves. It wull be cheaper to mix it with equal or twice its
weight of flour.

Arsenate of Lead, Spray. — If the powdered form is to be used as a
spray, mix with water at rate of 2 lbs. to 50 gals, water. If the paste
form is to be used, use 4 lbs. to 50 gals, water ; spray thoroughly.

Poison Bait. — -This method gives a chance to poison the worms with-
out applying it to plants at all, so the plants can be used as forage after-
wards. Mix 2 to 3 lbs. of either Paris-green or (powdered) arsenate of
lead with 100 lbs. wheat bran. Add 2 gals, syrup, and water enough to
moisten ; mix thoroughly, and distribute on ground where worms are.

The Bulletin. 41

Barriers. — If a deep furrow be plowed ahead of the moving worms, or
around fields to be protected, or around the area where the worms are,
so as to confine them, they find it somewhat difficult to cross the ob-
struction. In all cases list toward the worms, so they will have to climb
the steep side of the furrow. If it is desirable or seems necessary to
destroy them as they gather in the furrow, a log may be dragged along
in the furrow from time to time, or they may be killed by application
of kerosene or a blast-torch, or occasional post-holes in bottom of the
furrow will concentrate many where they may be crushed.

Cultivation. — As the worms go underground only an inch or so to
change to the pupa stage, many of them may be killed or at least dis-
turbed in this process by thorough shallow cultivation, or disking the
land where a brood of worms has matured and just disappeared. This
Avould need to be done soon after the worms enter the earth, for in the
course of a week or two they will have issued as moths, and then the
work would be absolutely useless.

When Army-worms have developed in large number, and especially
when they begin to move from one field to another, they require imme-
diate and thorough action. It may require the labor of every available
hand for a day or two to keep them in check ; but fortunately the dura-
tion of each brood is short, and much depends upon detecting the trouble
early before the worms are widespread, and taking prompt action then.
While we have discussed the remedies for both kinds together, it is to be
remembered that there are two distinct Army-worms which may attack
corn, the "Army-worm" being more in the western part of the State,
more confined to grasses and grains, and more apt to remain in dense
"armies." The Fall Army- worm is more prevalent (according to pres-
ent evidence) in the eastern and southern parts of the State, feeds on a
greater variety of crops, and is more inclined to scatter instead of re-
maining in compact swarms.

THE SUGAR-CANE BEETLE. (Ligyrus rugiceps, Lee.)
Order Coleoptera. Family Scarahwidce.

Description.— K pitch-black beetle about one-half inch long, of some-
what the shape of our green "June Bug"; attacking corn at or about the
surface of the ground, eating into the stalks.

Injury in North Carolina. — Kecords of the TJ. S. Department of Agri-
culture at Washington show that in June, 1885, this insect was reported
from Monroe, Union County, with the statement that it was new to the
farmers there. .

On May 30, 1904, Dr. E. S. Credle, Pantego, Beaufort County, made
complaint of this pest. As our correspondence at that time covered most
of what is (even now) known of the insect in this State, it is given in
some detail. His first letter was as follows :
4 — May

42 The Bulletin.

I send you under separate cover a bottle of bugs that are destroying the
corn crop in this township. Please let me know what they are and if there
is any remedy for them.

REPLY.

* * * It is the Sugar-cane Beetle, which is regularly destructive in
Louisiana, but of which I have never had any complaint during the four years
I have been in this State. As its name indicates, it is known primarily as
a pest of the sugar-cane. * * * a most careful search of the literature
fails to reveal any reference to remedies which have been found effectual, and
I guess we must put it among those (pests) against which we have little or
no means of defense. It has been suggested that the beetles are attracted to
lights, and I would suggest that you hang a brightly burning lantern in your
cornfield suspended over a pan in which is tar, or water and kerosene.

* * * Now this will be an experiment merely. I am not even sure that
it will attract a single one of the insects, but I think that the test will be
well worth making. * * * Please also try to give me some information
on the following points: (1) How many years have you known this pest?
(2) How long has it been with you this season? (3) Where and how does it
attack the plant (living specimens with plant would furnish best answer)?
(4) How abundant is it in the fields — how many at each hill on an average?

* * * Any observations that you can make, or specimens that you can
obtain, bearing on the life-history or habits of the insect will be of interest
and value. (June 4, 1904.)

Dr. Credle's next letter was dated June 9, 1904, and was as follows :

* * * I have tried the lantern and water and kerosene, also the tar, but
had no success; did not get a dozen bugs in three nights. These bugs first
appeared here last year about the middle of May, and after the first big rain
we had they disappeared. They returned this season, first of April, and are
here yet and very numerous, from eight to ten to the hill of corn. I send you.
under separate cover, bugs with a sample of the different sizes of corn and
cotton that they are at work on. * * * You will notice they do their
work right at the root, and they can kill corn any size. The outlook is that
they are going to be the most destructive pest that we have ever had. Hope
there may be some way to destroy them.

REPLY.

* * * I would like to make a few other suggestions as to remedies, and
if you find it convenient to try them I hope you will report results: (1) the
sprinkling of a little wood-ashes about the base of the plants, say a handful
to each hill; (2) same, using air-slacked lime; (3) pine sawdust, which
should be fresh enough to have a strong tar or pitch odor. If you try any of
these methods I would advise that you use them only on a small scale, as it
will likely prove useless in any case, and it would scarcely be advisable for
you to go to any great trouble in a mere experiment. (June 11, 1904.)

Dr. Credle's next letter is dated June 14, 1904, and from it the follow-
ing is taken:

* * * I am still of the impression that they are dry-weather bugs. The
part of the township (where) they are doing the worst damage there has
been no rain since March. There has not been enough rain since the first

The Bulletix. 43

of April to lay the dust, but I have noticed for the last few days they (the
bugs) are dying; can see them all about in the field dead. Will try the reme-
dies you suggest and report.

On June 6, 1905 (a year later), Dr. Credle wrote:

* * * My corn crop last year was so completely destroyed by the beetles
that I had what was left plowed up the first of June and planted over on the
7th and 8th. This last crop was not bothered in the least by them, and I
made a good crop. They have been there all winter. When the corn was
being housed in December we would often find them under the shuck, eating
the corn. * * * They have destroyed corn for me this season, but not
so bad as last. The only places they bothered this year to any amount was
where I raised hay last year. But they have stopped now, and I don't think
they will bother further this season. Several of my neighbors have had to
plow up and plant over this season, that were bothered very little last year. I
did not use any of the remedies, as I did not have any cause to do so in the last
planting. Did not make any observation on the egg-laying habits, but as they
seem to bother more where that old dead grass was plowed in, that must
have been the place where they laid (very likely!). I am satisfied that they
do but little damage after June 1st.

Dr. Credle also stated that the insects seemed very fond of Irish pota-
toes, and that while breaking ground they often found them eating the
volunteer potatoes in the spring.

Mr. J. P. Clark, of Pantego, also wrote (June 2) in 1905, stating that
farmers were again troubled with this Cane-beetle ; that some of the land
had to be plowed and replanted.

This time we were able to make some observations in the field. Mr.
G. M. Bentley (at that time assistant) was sent to Pantego to examine
the conditions. His observations are dated June 14, 1905. The first
field examined had been much damaged and replanted, the corn then
being nearly 6 feet high ; only a few of the beetles were found, and in-
jury was not much in evidence. In the second field the corn had been
planted for the third time of the season and was smaller ; a considerable
number of the beetles were found eating the young stalks. The third
field examined was that of Dr. Credle, from whom we have already
quoted. A number of beetles were found (after careful search), as
many as five on one stalk, working at, or just beneath, the surface of the
ground. Observations in different parts of the field showed that "notice-
ably more beetles were at work in a certain portion of the field where
'bull-grass' had been plowed in. The beetles were found mating in sev-
eral instances." Specimens sent by Dr. Credle, June 9, 1904, were
mating in box when received.

Since the outbreak of 1904 and 1905 in Beaufort County we have had
only one complaint, this coming in June, 1912, from Greenville, Pitt
County; but there was no indication that the damage was widespread
or long continued.

44 The Bullethst.

discussion of the insect. ^

I §1^1 A

Fig. 14. — Sugar-cane Beetles. A row of the adult insects, natural
size. See also figure on front cover of this Bulletin (original).

The complete life-history of tliis insect does not appear to be known,
the laying of the eggs, appearance of grown larvae, and methods of pupa-
tion, all being unsettled points. Most of the observations that have been
made on the insect have been made in Louisiana and Mississippi, and
here the habits and life-history might be slightly different. If the larva
lives on the roots of the sugar-cane in Louisiana, it may live on roots of
grasses, as Dr. Credle intimates, or sorghum-cane, some species of wild
reed or rush, or perhaps on corn itself, in this State. As to its being
primarily a dry- weather insect, as intimated by Dr. Credle, the natural
habitat of the insect in the low cane-lands of Louisiana would seem to
show that if anything it should prefer a damp climate. Observations
made in Mississippi seemed to show it to be worse in wet lands, and this
would seem to be a natural occurrence. In June, 1886, Mr. G. W. Smith-
Vaniz, of Canton, Miss., in writing to the U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture at Washington, sent eggs found in soil near corn where the beetles
were at work, and which were similar to eggs dissected from the bodies
of female beetles. Mr. Smith-Vaniz also hatched out young larvse ; but
there the observations seem to cease.

We have in our collection one specimen of the adult beetle which was
taken at Gastonia, Gaston County, on May 30, 1902.

As to the possibilities of this insect becoming a regular and
serious com pest in this State, it seems reasonable to infer that its in-
juries will probably be confined chiefly to the eastern part of the State,
in what is commonly known as the coastal region, and its outbreaks,
however serious at times, will probably be of irregular and infrequent
occurrence. How long it has already been in the State no one can tell
with certainty. The injury to cotton and potatoes, as reported by Dr.
Credle, is probably unusual and occurs only when the beetles are ex-
ceedingly abundant.

REMEDIES.

Late planting, liberal fertilization, and cultivation are the only palli-
atives that we can suggest which are at all certain to yield results. It is

'An article on this insect from which this account is largely drawn fother than our
own notes and observations) was published by Dr. L. O. Howard, U. S. Entomologist, in
Insect Life, Vol. 1, pp. 11-13, 1889.

The Bulletin. 45

to be observed tbat corn planted June 7tli and 8tb, 1904, made a good
crop at Pantego, and in 1905 the insects were disappearing as early as
June 6tb. Dr. Credle's observation of their being worse on land just
from grass suggests the advisability of avoiding such lands for corn.

Although the insects seem to be attracted to lights at times, this habit
does not seem to tempt them to leave the plants when feeding and can-
not be relied upon to lure them to their destruction.

See Eotation (p. 6), Fertilization (p. 7), Time of Planting (p. 7),
Cultivation (p. 8).

THE CORN EAR-WORM. (Heliothis armigera. Hub.)
Order Lepidoptera. Family NoctuidcB.

Description. — A grayish, greenish, reddish or brownish caterpillar
(very variable in color), about one and a quarter inches long when
grown, which eats into the ears of corn, often several in a single ear.
The adult is a yellowish-brown moth with wings expanding from 1 to
11/4 inches from tip to tip.

Injury in North Carolina. — Among our destructive insects we think
that this stands near the head, both in the total amount of damage done
and the difficulty of combating it. According as it attacks different
parts of the several crops, it is known as the Cotton Boll-Avorm, the To-
bacco Bud-worm, the Tomato Fruit-worm, the Corn "Shatter-worm"
(when in the top of corn) and the Corn Ear-worm. The insect also at-
tacks other plants to more or less extent; has been reported burrowing
in the pods of cow-peas, in the seed-pods of tobacco, and others have
recorded it as occasionally eating into orchard fruits, though we have
not noted this. Here we are principally concerned with its injuries to
corn, and in this connection the following records are of interest :

In the latter part of May and early June, 1902, complaints were re-
ceived from Mr. A. T. McCallum at Ked Springs and Mr. A. J. McKim-
mon of Maxton, both in Kobeson County. In response to these com-
plaints the writer made a visit, giving special attention to the case at
Maxton, which was especially serious. Mr. McKimmon had about thirty
acres planted in sweet corn for shipment to northern markets, but
scarcely an ear could be found which was not infested with several of
these larvae. As many as eleven were found in a single ear. The crop
was fully 75 per cent (if not 99 per cent) lost from the ravages of this
pest.

Early in January, 1903, Mr. R. W. Livermore, also of Red Springs,
wrote asking about methods of combating this pest which had done him
serious injury the year previous. From his letters, dated January 6th
and 8th :

* * * The worm which was doing the damage in my early corn last year
was the worm which bores into the ear when the corn is ripening. I am
inclined to think that this worm shuts out the early sweet-corn crop for this
section as a shipping crop to be depended upon.

46

The Bulletiiv.

Fig. 15. — The Corn Ear-worm, showing the destructive
larva at work in ear of corn.

(After Quaintance, Bureau Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr.)

Life-history and Habits.^ — The winter is passed in the pupa stage,
under the surface of the ground. The adult moths come out in spring
or early summer and, being very active fliers, wander Avhither they
will in search of nectar-bearing flowers or suitable plants upon which to
place the eggs. When corn is the object of attack the eggs are laid
on the silk, though the early brood of moths often, deposit them in
the terminal growing part of the plant, in which case the caterpillars
eat the leaves and tassel and are called "Shatter-worms." The great
majority of the eggs are laid on the silk, and the larvae work dowm the
silk, or bore directly through the husk to the forming ear, where they
feed on the kernels and soon attain full growth, when they burrow out

iThis portion of the account is based partially on Farmers' Bill. 191, U. S. Dept. Agr.,
by A. L. Quaintance.

The Bulletin.

47

Fig. 16. — The Corn Ear-worm, showing larva at work on blades of corn.
When it doe.? this injury it is sometimes l^nown as the "Shatter-
worm."

(After Quaintance, Bureau Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr.)

48

The Bulletin.

through the husk and enter the ground to pupate. There are a number
of broods during the summer, the last brood passing the winter in the
pupa state and emerging as adults in the spring.

Corn is not much attacked after the kernels begin to harden, the in-
sects then turning to other plants such as tomatoes, tobacco and cotton.
There are several broods each season, probably four or five in the
greater part of this State.

North Carolina Notes. — The notes here given throw some light on the
time of emergence, etc., of the insect in this State:

In 1900, on September ISth, Mr. D. L. Wolff, E. F. D. N"o. 1, Pin-
nacle, Surry County, sent in adult moths which were captured when on
tobacco flowers.

\('m

m.

<S<i,

N/tf

I

«iU!,i,*l^>^-(

v\V

i^-^':-

Fig. 17. — The Corn Ear-worm, showing
adult moth in natural position with
wings not spread. About twice nat-
ural size.

(After Quaintance. Bureau Ent., U. S.
Dept. Agr.)

In 1902, at Ealeigh, adults were observed for the first time in the
terminal blades of corn on May 15th. On the 18th eggs were abundant
on new silk (it was early corn) and thereafter larvsB were abundant in
the ears.

In 1904, the writer found his first adult ear- worm moth for the season
at Raleigh, on June 15, though they had likely been out some time
previous. This moth was in the funnel formed by the top blades of the
corn-plant which was not yet in tassel. On June 18 (same year) eggs
were abundant on silk of Adams' early corn in garden, but no worms
had yet appeared.

In 1905, on May 18th, Mr. S. O. Lazenby, E. E. D. '^o. 4, Statesville,
sent in a specimen of the adult moth.

These notes show that the adults are abroad early in the spring and
also late in the summer, into the fall. The finding of larvae mature, or

The Bulletin. 49

nearly so, at Maxton on May 31st (1902), is an evidence that tliey reach
maturity quickly. There must, therefore, be quite a number of different
broods.

Professor Quaintance calls attention to the fact that when the worms
are abundant in corn they may devour one another, thus reducing the
number which actually mature. He also observes — and the same fact
is evident to all who have observed— that the damage is not measured
by the corn actually eaten, but also by the large amount which rots or
molds as a result of the insect's work. The holes made through the
husk also serve as entrance places for weevils.

EEMEDIES.

When this insect attacks other plants, it is sometimes recommended
to plant an occasional row of corn for the purpose of inducing the
insects to attack the corn so the other crop will be spared. This is an
evidence that it prefers corn to other food. This paves the way for a
frank statement of the fact that no wholly satisfactory remedy for the
Ear-worm in corn is knovni. Such methods as may be employed with
reasonable hope of relief are mentioned below.

As the insect passes the winter in the pupa state in the earth, fall or
winter plowing of badly infested lands will kill many of them. Experi-
ments in Kansas^ "showed that plowing infested cornfields 5 or 6 inches
deep in late fall and early winter destroyed practically 100 per cent of
the over-wintering pupa;." But in ISTorth Carolina it must be remem-
bered that the insect develops in many other crops besides corn, espe-
cially cotton and tobacco; hence fields in which these crops stand until
freezing weather will likely be infested as well as corn lands. Indeed,
if the corn matures early, the latest broods must of necessity develop on
other crops, chiefly cotton, hence the ploAving of cornfields only would
reach only a part of the insects.

In gardens and small patches of corn, something can be done by
pinching the tips of the ears by hand, or even cutting off the ends of the
ears and feeding them to stock, to prevent the worms going dovm the
length of the whole ear. If the pinching method be used, it should be
done several times, to kill as many as possible, for some of the young
worms will likely escape each time.

If the corn matures very early, it will not be exposed to the later
broods of worms, for the moths prefer to lay eggs on fresh silk and the
worms will not work readily in hardened kernels. Thus early planting,
and the use of early maturing varieties, would seem to be against the
insect; but we must remember that early planted corn is, in general,
more hurt by a number of other corn pests, and we do not belieA^e, as yet,
that the benefit of very early planting against this insect will amend

iCir. No. 7, Kans. Exp. Sta., "Corn Ear-worm," by T. J. Headlee (1910?).

50 The Bulletin.

for its other disadvantages. We can conceive that any one planting in
any one year might largely escape ear-worm by not being in tender silk
when the adult moths were out in numbers. But we are not able to
forecast the broods with sufficient exactness (nor can we know the rate
with which the corn will grow) to make any positive recommendations
on this point.

Let us hope that better remedies may be developed in the future.

WEEVILS (Several Species).
Orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.

Description. — Small or medium-sized insects which in the adult or
larval state, or both, injure grain by eating into the kernels when stored,
or by eating the meal or other products. Sometimes attack corn in the
field before harvest. Often troublesome in mills, barns, stores, pantries,
etc. The adult insects are moths or beetles.

Injury in North Carolina — There are from eight to a dozen distinct
kinds of "grain weevils" in North Carolina, and the total damage by
them is great. Prof, R. I. Smith during some special studies of our
grain weevils recorded at least nine species as known to him.^ These
were:

(Lepidoptera) (Moths) : Angoumois Grain Moth,

Indian Meal Moth,

Meal Snout Moth.
(Coleoptera) (Beetles) : Saw-toothed Grain Beetle,

The Cadelle,

Yellow Meal-Avorm,

Dark Meal-worm,

Granary Weevil,

Rice Weevil ("Black Weevil").

Undoubtedly the most destructive "weevil" to our corn is the last one
in the above list — the "Rice Weevil" or "Black Weevil." It has been
sent in to us more often than any other kind. It appears to be the
hardest of all the weevils to control. It also often infests the corn in
the field, as the following letter from the southeastern part of the State,
received August, 1912, shows:

"A year ago a large quantity of corn here was destroyed by weevils before
taken from the field. This year a great deal of the early corn has one or two
dozen weevils on each ear, and as the corn hardens it is being damaged."

Many other letters could be quoted shoAving this same general condi-
tion.

iBul. 203, X. C. Exp. Sta., "Corn Weevils and Other Grain Insects." R. I. Smith,
Maj', 1909.

The Bulletin".

51

General Life-history of Grain Weevils. — As there are a number of dis-
tinct kinds of grain weevils, some seeming to prefer ground grain prod-
ucts, the life-histories vary in details. The account here given is only
meant to be general, giving an approximate idea of the whole group.

Pig. 18. — Grain Weevils (beetles), showing two
closely related species at a and d ; a larva at
h. and pupa at c. Natural size indicated by
lines. The one at d is the "Black Weevil,"
our most destructive corn weevil.

(After Chittenden. Div. Ent., U. S.
Dept. Agr.j

The adult insects are moths or beetles, mostly small, but a few of
medium size. These lay eggs on or in the grain or husk and the worms
eat into the kernels. In some species the worm reaches full growth in
the same kernel in which it first hatches ; in others the same worm may
live in several different kernels. When grown, the worm changes to a
pupa from which the adult moth or beetle emerges later. In the case
of weevils infesting meal, bran, and other ground materials, the worms
burrow around in the material, frequently spinning a web which fastens
little masses together. Meal and other products thus infested are apt
to become moldy and unhealthy as food for both man and beast. Where
the whole grain is infested, the vital germ is often eaten out, thus spoil-
ing the grain for seeding purposes.

In the previous Bulletin of this Department on "Corn Insects" the
writer stated that adult weevils had been found "passing the winter in
the remnants of fodder where this had been pulled," but he has not now
the original note at hand. His recollection is that it was the "Black
Weevil," found in winter in the husk remaining attached to the stalk.

52

The Bulletin,

REMEDIES.

^^k.

m , a J

:^

: ?<

Prevention. — Thorougli cleaning out of old bins, sweeping out stray
shattered grains, chaff, litter, etc., will get rid of many of the Weevils

that are breeding in the bins so as to give the
new crop a start with fewer Weevils to contend
with in the beginning (save those in the corn
when brought from the field).

The letter already quoted showed special
damage to the early corn. Professor Hinds in
Alabama in the bulletin already referred to,
stated that up to midwinter his records showed
"about fifty times as many Weevils on early
corn as on late corn."

It is commonly believed in this State (and
Professor Hinds mentions the same for Ala-
bama) that corn stored in the husk is not so
liable to Weevil attack. Prof. K. I. Smith, in
the North Carolina Bulletin already referred
to, calls attention to the fact that tight-fitting
husks do appear to protect the corn to some
extent. But the ear-worm has already often
eaten holes through the husks so that Weevils
gain entrance, and once the Weevils are in, the
writer maintains, as in his previous Bulletin,
that the husk merely hides the injury and
causes the farmer to think that there is less
Weevil. Professor Hinds says that the value
of the husk as a protection depends on the
length and tightness of the husk. On this
point of storing in husk, we think we are safe
in saying that it is not to be relied upon, ex-
cept for those ears which have long tight husks.
To depend on preventing Weevil merely by
storing the whole crop in husk will result in
many disappointments, for many of the ears
will have torn or damaged husks, or ears pro-
truding beyond the husk, etc., which will
merely invite Weevil to enter.

Farmers in this State have also told us that
if the corn be slightly dampened when stored
(in husks) that it undergoes slight heating

Fig 19 Ear of corn riddled w^hich seems to protect it from Weevil. Use

IMslofTxc'esS^inlury.- of salt, ashes, lime, and cedar or pine twigs for

I* ef

(9. C>

o O)

V)^\

ml

»In this account I have drawn upon Bui. 203, N. C. Exp. Sta., by R. I. Smith, already
referred to, and on Bui. 176, Ala. Exp. Sta., "Reducing Insect Injury to Stored Corn," by
W. E. Hinds, Feb., 1914.

The Bulletin. 53

putting in bin with the corn have all been mentioned, and must be
classed among the remedies or preventives that have not been adequately
proven. In his former Bulletin the Avriter stated that "shelled corn may
be placed in absolutely tight bins and top of each bin covered with a
complete layer of lime or ashes to depth of an inch. Of course, this is
only practicable for those bins that are not being continually disturbed."
This suggestion is not based on actual tests, but only as a chance to keep
the Weevils out, and Avould be in no sense a remedy for those already in
the corn.

Fumigation Treatment. — But for the Weevils that are already in the
corn, or the ones that may gain entrance after it has been stored, we
know of no treatment other than fumigation with some poisonous gas
that can be relied upon, and some recent testimony shows this to be
less certain than was formerly believed !

For this purpose the material known as carbon bisulphide (or car-
bon disulphide) has long been, and still is, the standard material. It
is a clear, foul-smelling liquid which evaporates rapidly, giving off
poisonous fumes. It is necessary to have the grain in some tight re-
ceptacle, absolutely tight if possible, or at least as near to it as possible.
For small quantities, as for seed grain, etc., a water-tight barrel or cask
can be used, or boxes if cracks and covers be sealed by pasting paper
closely over them. The tighter the better, and the less the barrel, box, or
bin approaches to perfect tightness the less perfect you must expect
the result to be, and the greater amount of the material you must use in
the effort to make amends for leaking of the gas.

A brand of the chemical especially made for insect work is manu-
factured by E. R. Taylor, Penn Yan, IST. Y., under the name of "Fuma
Carbon Disulphide," and is sold in lots of 50 lbs. or more. In small
quantities the chemical can be had from, or ordered through, many
drug stores, at retail prices of about 30 cents per pound (pint).

The amount to use is figured on the air space in the barrel, box,
bin, or room (not merely on the amount of grain). Professor Hinds
in Alabama says this should be at the rate of 5 to 8 lbs. for 1,000 cubic
feet of space if the room or bin is quite tight, varying up to as high as
20 or 25 lbs. per 1,000 cubic feet of space if only moderately tight as
by lathing the cracks, and says that for use in barrels ("for peas")
"about one-half teacupful is sufficient if the top be tightly covered."
The "Black Weevil" in corn may require more than this amount, per-
haps three-fourths of cupful.

Professor Hinds says : "In making the application, level the surface
and prepare small holes about a foot deep, about 3 to 4 ft. apart.
Divide the liquid among these holes; pour direct on the corn in the
holes and fill the holes with corn." If the room is large, begin on the
farther end, working toward the door. "Close door tightly and quickly
paste paper over the cracks ; leave closed for at least 24 hours ; no harm

54 The Bulletin.

if left indefinitely; fumigation is more effective during warm weather;
never attempt it when temperature is below 60 degrees. A second treat-
ment (stronger) should be given after a week or two if it appears that
the first was not effective."

Prof. E. I. Smith, after Avorking in J^orth Carolina, became con-
vinced "that carbon bisulphide, at any reasonable strength, cannot be
successfully used in ordinary corn cribs, grain boxes, or storerooms.
Small quantities can be fumigated in absolutely tight boxes or barrels by
using about one ounce to three bushels; the top must be air-tight, not
simply covered with blankets or canvas. Fumigation should continue
for about 24 hours." He found that some stages of the insects would
survive treatment; especially eggs and pupse.

Which leads the present writer to insist that one may expect imperfect
results, but still this fumigation method is the best known when once
the corn is infested. Have the corn free to begin with, if possible, by
cleaning the bins, and perhaps even throwing out ears already visibly
infested ; have the bins tight, so that they can be fumigated if necessary ;
use enough of the bisulphide to make allowance for leakage through such
cracks as there may be ; and finally, if the treatment seems not to have
killed all, give a second treatment a week or two later to kill larvae and
adults which may have developed from eggs or pupse which survived the
first treatment.

Caution. — Carbon bisulphide is like benzine in its nature, both the
liquid and its fumes being very inflammable, and no light or fire of any
description can be brought near while the fumigation is going on, not
even a lamp, cigar, or pipe. After the fumigation is over, open the bin
(box, or room) and air out. If these cautions are heeded the material
is safe to use.

Heat. — It has long been known that insects are killed by high temper-
atures, and this fact has been made use of recently in some striking tests
by Mr. George A. Dean of the Kansas Experiment Station in ridding
flour-mills of insects by the heat method.' In summarizing his work, he
says:

"A temperature of from 118 to 125 degrees is sufficient for any part
of the mill. (This temperature should be held several hours to allow the
heat to penetrate all the infested parts (of the mill)." But he also says :
"I would not recommend heat for killing insects in stored seeds and
grain. In case they are stored in small quantities, the heat method would
be entirely satisfactory; but if in large quantities it would require too
much heat to penetrate to center of bins."

LESSER CORN INSECTS.

We have devoted the greater part of this Bulletin to those insects
which are regular serious pests of corn in this State. It now remains to
make brief mention of a few which are of minor importance or which

iJour. Ec. Ent., Vol. 6, p. 40, Feb., 1913.

The Bulletin. 55

are only occasionally destructive. For these we enter into no lengthy
discussions either of injuries, life-histories, or remedies.

Seed-corn Maggot (Order Diptera). — A white maggot infesting seeds
of corn, preventing germination. Once reported from Forsyth County
as damaging corn which had been planted, and presumably the same
once reported from Rowan County infesting planted seeds of melons.
The attack is made after the seed is planted. The adult insect is a gray
slender fly, smaller than house-fly. Remedies not very available, and in
this State not much needed.

Flea-beetles and Leaf-beetles (Order Coleoptera). — Several species of
these are known to attack young corn, eating the blades. Several com-
plaints have been made in this State, but injury never widespread and
usually not serious. Adult insects (which do the damage) are small,
usually shining beetles, often jumping or dropping quickly when dis-
turbed. Remedies scarcely necessary. Dusting with ashes, or with
Paris-green in ashes or lime (1 ounce to 1 lb. ashes) would probably
drive many away.

Red Spider (not a true insect). — This small creature is related to the
spiders, mites, and ticks. Primarily a pest on cotton, sometimes on corn,
peas, etc., especially in long hot spells. Rainy weather checks them.

Grasshoppers (Order Orthoptera). — We have many native kinds
which feed on corn, but usually not destructive and the injury is soon
outgrown. Some appear full-winged in spring, others are in young
wingless state in spring and develop wings in summer and fall. When
serious they can be combated by use of poisonous baits.

Lady-beetles (Order Coleoptera). — One of our most common Lady-

. beetles is frequently seen on corn where

..^ig^Pfc^ it feeds to some extent on the pollen,

>^^_,^___^^^^^!j5BlP[^^ blades, and the soft kernels. This is the

"'^^^=«^;;;;^^^^^^^^\_^ Thirteen-spotted Lady-beetle (Megilla

macidata). The species also feeds to
some extent on other insects, and its

Fig. 20. — Lady-beetle (Megilla inacu- , . . , . . . . ,.

lata) from which a parasite has larva IS entirely msectivorous m its diet,

emerged and spun its cocoon be- r- j • i" x t ^ j. Tn

neath the insect. Slightly enlarged, leeding on plant-lice, slugs, etc. Jb re-
^^.^'iSXel^'^'^iXJ^ quently specimens of this beetle may be
parasitized in this way may fre- found on blades of corn standing over a

quently be found on blades of corn. _ ^ ,

(After Riley, Div. Ent., u. s. Small silken cocooii of ycllowish or
Dept. Agr.) brownish color.

Such a cocoon contains a parasite, the larva of which has issued from
the beetle. In a few days the adult parasite emerges from the cocoon
as a small winged wasp-like creature, which goes off to seek a Lady-beetle
victim. The beetle invariably dies soon after the parasite emerges.
' Stinging Caterpillars (Order Lepidoptera) . — There are two kinds of
caterpillars frequently found on corn which if brushed against carelessly
may produce painful stings. One of these is known as the Saddle-back

56 The Bulletin. '

Caterpillar (Sihenne stimulea), so called from the peculiar saddle-like
markings in the middle of the back. This caterpillar when grown
is about an inch long. There are two projections at each end of
the body which are directed upward and outward, and these projections
as well as other parts of the body are armed with sharp brittle spines
which readily pierce the skin and break off. The general color of the
larva is greenish, with a reddish-brown patch resembling the saddle, and
a similar patch at each end of the body from which the projections arise.
The caterpillar when grown spins a cocoon from which it comes out as
a brownish moth. There seems to be but one annual brood, the adult
moths issuing in spring or early summer. Ammonia, bicarbonate of
soda, or even strong brine, are recommended as antidotes for the sting.

Our other species of stinging caterpillar is the larva of the lo Moth
(Automeris io). This is a rather handsome pea-green caterpillar attain-
ing a length when full grown of two inches, with a purple stripe down
each side of the body, the whole body armed with yellowish spines which
are borne in clusters on little warts or tubercles. When grown the larva
spins a brownish silken cocoon within which it transforms to a handsome
moth, the males being yellowish and expanding two inches from tip to
tip of the wings, and the females yellowish-brown and expanding as
much as three inches in large specimens. In both sexes the hind wings
are marked with conspicuous eye-spots.

Other Caterpillars (Order Lepidoptera) . — Various caterpillars of
many kinds may be found on the com plant, all transforming to moths
of some kind. Most of these, however, are not serious, or, if so, are only
destructive in sporadic outbreaks.

* * *

In concluding this Bulletin it is but fair to repeat that in its prepa-
ration the writings of others have been freely drawn upon. Without
crediting each statement made, the author has named the jDrincipal
papers in footnotes. Many of our own observations are also included.
It would take years and years of concentrated effort for any one person
to work out all such facts as have been here recorded on the insects at-
tacking this one crop — corn. But the writer is persuaded that there is
a proper demand for bulletins of this type, each discussing all the more
important insect pests of some one important crop. Such a bulletin can-
not always be made up entirely of facts ascertained, proven, and tested
by the writer in person.

The writer will welcome correspondence with corn-growers who make
use of the suggestions contained herein, and who carefully watch the
results. He also desires to be promptly informed in case of any serious
outbreak of any corn pest not mentioned in these pages.

Franklin Sherman, Jr.,
Entomologist, Dept. Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C.

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

•

RALEIGH

Vol.

35, No. 6.

JUNE, 1914.

Whole No. 197.

NEW V/h^k;

I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS— SPRING SEASON, 1914.
M. REGISTRATION OF FERTILIZERS.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

S

Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham ...Belhaven _ First District.

K. W. Barnes ...Lucama _. Second District.

R. L. Woodard Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh . Fourth District.

R. W. Scott. Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCalldm Red Springs .• Sixth District.

C. C. Wright _ Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale. Eighth District.

W.J. Shuford Hickory , Ninth District.

A. C.4NNON. Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF.

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

ELIASCARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiCKEL -- -- Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart... ..Assistant Chemist.

J. R. Mullen Assistant Chemist.

R. W. CoLLETT .■ Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY. Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, JR Entomologist.

C. L. Metcalf.- Assistant Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

E. C. KoRD Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT Horticulturist.

S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill.. Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER. ..Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins.. ._ Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sloan ...Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist.

E. W. Thornton.. Assistant Pure Food ChemLst.

C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. B. WILLIAMS. --- Chief in Agronomy.

J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters. ...Plant Breeding.

G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist in Crops.

*W. E. Hearn .State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins Soil Survey.

R. C. JuRNEY - --Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY i Chief in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

fALViN J. Reed ' - - .Dairy Farming,

Stanley Combs - Assistant in Dairy Farming.

JE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigation-s.

tC. R. Hddson .•.Farm Demonstration Work.

XT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

JlA. K. Robertson. Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

JMrs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Girls' Clubs.

tMiss Margaret Scott Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

F. N. McDowell, Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. Puckett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

'Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

Jln cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Hois'. W. A. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.
Sir: — I submit herewith analyses of fertilizers made in the labora-
tory of samples collected during the spring. These analyses show fer-
tilizers to be about as heretofore, and to be, generally, what was claimed
for them. I recommend that it be issued as the June Bulletin.

Very respectfully,

B. W. KiLGORE,

Approved for printing: . State Chemist.

W. A. Graham,

C ommissioner.

I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS— SPRING SEASON, 1914.

By B. W. KILGORE,
W. G. HAYWOOD. J. Q. JACKSON, E. S. DEWAR, and J. R. MULLEN.

The analyses presented in this Bulletin are of samples collected by
the fertilizer inspectors of the Department, under the direction of the
Commissioner of Agriculture, during the spring months of 1914. They
should receive the careful study of every farmer in the State who uses
fertilizers, as by comparing the analyses in the Bulletin with the
claims made for the fertilizers actually used, the farmer can know by
or before the time fertilizers are put in the ground whether or not they
contain the fertilizing constituents in the amounts they were claimed to
be present.

TERMS USED IN ANALYSES.

Water-soluble Phosphoric Acid. — Phosphate rock, as dug from the
mines, mainly in South Carolina, Florida, and Tennessee, is the chief
source of phosphoric acid in fertilizers.

In its raw, or natural state, the phosphate has three parts of lime
united to the phosphoric acid (called by chemists tri-calciuni phos-
phate). This is very insoluble in water and is not in condition to be
taken up readily by plants. In order to render it soluble in water and
fit for plant food, the rock is finely ground and treated with sulphuric
acid, which acts upon it in such a way as to take from the three-lime
phosphate two parts of its lime, thus leaving only one part of lime
united to the phosphoric acid. This one-lime phosphate is what is
known as water-soluble phosphoric acid.

Reverted Phosplioric Acid. — On long standing some of this water-
soluble phosphoric acid has a tendency to take lime from other sub-
stances in contact with it, and to become somewhat less soluble. This
latter is known as reverted or gone-back phosphoric acid. This is
thought to contain two parts of lime in combination with the phos-
phoric acid, and is thus an intermediate product between water-soluble
and the original rock.

Water-soluble phosphoric acid is considered somewhat more valuable
than reverted, because it becomes better distributed in the soil as a con-
sequence of its solubility in water.

Available Phosphoric Acid is made up of the water-soluble and re-
verted ; it is the sum of these two.

'Water-soluhle Ammonia. — The main materials furnishing ammonia
in fertilizers are nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, cotton-seed meal,
dried blood, tankage, and fish scrap. The first two of these (nitrate of
soda and sulphate of ammonia) are easily soluble in Avater and become

6 The Bulletin.

well distributed in the soil where plant roots can get at them. Thej
are, especially the nitrate of soda, ready to be taken up by plants, and
are therefore quick-acting forms of ammonia. It is mainly the ammonia
from nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia that will be designated
under the heading of water-soluble ammonia.

Organic Ammonia. — The ammonia in cotton-seed meal, dried blood,
tankage, fish scrap, and so on, is included under this heading. These
materials are insoluble in water, and before they can feed plants they
must decay and have their ammonia changed, by the aid of the bacteria
of the soil, to nitrates, similar to nitrate of soda.

They are valuable then as plant food in proportion to their content
of ammonia, and the rapidity with which they decay in the soil, or
rather the rate of decay, will determine the quickness of their action as
fertilizers. With short season, quick-growing crops, quickness of action
is an important consideration, but with crops occupying the land during
the greater portion or all of the growing season, it is better to have a
fertilizer that will become available more slowly, so as to feed the plant
till maturity. Cotton-seed meal and dried blood decompose fairly rap-
idly, but will last the greater portion, if not all, of the growing season
in this State. While cotton seed and tankage will last longer than meal
and blood, none of these act so quickly, or give out so soon, as nitrate
of soda and sulphate of ammonia.

Total Ammonia is made up of the Avater-soluble and organic ; it is the
sum of these two.

The farmer should suit, as far as possible, the kind of ammonia to
his different crops, and a study of the forms of ammonia as given in
the tables of analyses will help him to do this.

A^ALUATIONS.

To have a basis for comparing the values of different fertilizer mate-
rials and fertilizers, it is necessary to assign prices to the three valu-
able constituents of fertilizers — ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash.
These figures, expressing relative value per ton, are not intended to
represent crop-producing power, or agricultural value, but are estimates
of the commercial value of ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash in the
materials supplying them. These values are only approximate (as the
costs of fertilizing materials are liable to change, as other commercial
products are), but they are believed to fairly represent the cost of mak-
ing and putting fertilizers on the market. They are based on a careful
examination of trade conditions, wholesale and retail, and upon quota-
tions of manufacturers.

Relative value per ton, or the figures showing this, represents the
prices on board the cars at the factory, in retail lots of five tons or less,
for cash.

To make a complete fertilizer the factories have to mix together in
proper proportions materials containing ammonia, phosphoric acid, and

The Bulletin. 7

potash. This costs something. For this reason it is thought well to
have two sets of valuations — one for the raw or unmixed materials, such
as acid phosphate, kainit, cotton-seed meal, etc., and one for mixed fer-
tilizers.

The values used last season were :

VALUATIONS FOR 1913.

In Unmixed or Raw Materials.

For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4 cents per pound.

For phosphoric acid in bone meal and Peruvian Guano. 3% cents per pound.

For phosphoric acid in basic slag 4 cents per pound.

For nitrogen 19^^ cents per pound.

For potash 4 cents per pound.

In Mixed Fertilizers.

For phosphoric acid 4y2 cents per pound.

For nitrogen 21 cents per poimd.

For potash 5 cents per pound.

VALUATIONS FOR 1914.

In Unmixed or Raw Materials.

For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4 cents per pound.

For phosphoric acid in bone meal and Peruvian Guano

and basic slag 4 cents per pound.

For nitrogen l^Vz cents per pound.

For potash 4 cents per pound.

In Mixed Fertilizers.

For phosphoric acid 4y2 cents per pound.

For nitrogen 21 cents per poimd.

For potash 5 cents per pound.

HOW RELATIVE VALUE IS CALCULATED.

In the calculation of relative value it is only necessary to remember
that so many per cent means the same number of pounds per hundred,
and that there are twenty hundred pounds in one ton (2,000 pounds).

With an 8-2-1.65 goods, which means that the fertilizer contains avail-
able phosphoric acid 8 per cent, potash 2 per cent, and nitrogen 1.65 per
cent, the calculation is made as follows :

^, . ^„. rr. Value Per Value Per Ton,

Percentage or Lhs. m 100 Lbs. ^^^ ^^^ ^,000 Lbs.

8 pounds available phosphoric acid at 41/0 cents.. 0.36 X2(>=: $ 7.20

2 pounds potash at 5 cents 0.10 X20= 2.00

1.65 pounds nitrogen at 21 cents 0.347X20= 6.94

Total value 0.817x20== $16.14

Freight and merchant's commission must be added to these prices.

The Bulletin.

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Palmyra __.

V.-C. C. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phos-
phate.
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Lee's Prepared Agricultural Lime

Genuine German Kainit

....do...

...do

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Muriate of Potash .

Fish Scrap

Brands claiming

Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va

...do _

Brand claiming.

Lee, A. S., & Sons Co., Richmond, Va

Brands claiming

American Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va

Union Guano Co., Winston, N. C

Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va..

Brand claiming

Brand claiming _

Foreign Products Co., Baltimore, Md

Brands claiming

New Bern Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Co., New
Bern, N. C.

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BRANDS REGISTERED— SEASON 1914.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Acme Manvfactnring Co., Wilmi)iriton, y. C. —

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Acme High Grade Acid Phosphate

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Melon Grower

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Square Deal Fertilizer

Acme Square Deal Fertilizer for Tobacco. . . .

Acme Cotton Grower

Acme Premo Guano

I'umpelly"s Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Acme Special Fertilizer for Cotton

Acme Special Fertilizer for Tobacco

B. & C. Co.'s Special Fertilizer

Acme Plumb Good Fertilizer

Acme Plumb Good Fertilizer for Tobacco....

Acme "OK" Fertilizer

Acme "OK" Fertilizer for Tobacco

Quick Step Fertilizer

Quick Step Fertilizer for Tobacco

Acme Crop Grower

Currie's High Grade Fertilizer

Acme Crop Grower for Tobacco

Best's Fish Scrap Guano for Tobacco

Best's Fish Scrap Guano

Pee Dee Special Fertilizer

Pee Dee Special for Tobacco

Acme S-3-3 C. S. M. Guano

Acme 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano for Tobacco

Acme Plant Food

Acme Fertilizer for Tobacco

Acme Plant Food for Tobacco

Acme Fertilizer

Acme Merito Mixture

Tip Top Crop Grower

Tip Top Tobacco Grower

Latimer's Complete Fertilizer

A(;U3ie Standard Guano

Best's Complete Fertilizer

Cotton-seed Meal Guano

Gem Fertilizer

Cotton-seed Meal Guano for Tobacco

Avail.

Phos. Nit
Acid.

rogen.

Potash.

16.00

14.00

> • ■

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12.00 .

■ • •

6.00

12.00

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5.00

12.00

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4.00

12.00

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3.00

12.00

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11.00

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6.00

11.00

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5.00

11.00

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4.00

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3.00

11.00

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2.00

10.00

3.30

5.00

10.00

6.00

10.00

5.00

10.00

. . •

4.00

10.00

. . •

3.00

10.00

2.00

9.25

1.65

2.00

9.25

1.65

2.00

9.00

2.27

2.00

9.00

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3.00

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4.12

S.OO

8.00

4.12

7.00

8.00

4.12

7.00

8.00

3.30

6.00

8.00

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8.00

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8.00

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2.06

2.00

S.OO •

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

The Bulletin.

23

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Gem Fertilizer for Tobacco

Acme Special Grain Fertilizer

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Bone and Potash

Acme Root Crop Guano

Acme Standard Truck Guano

Jefferson Cotton Grower

Acme High Grade Guano

Acme Truck Grower

Acme Corn Guano

Dried Ground Fish

Acme Special 4-10-4 Guano

Clark's Corn Guano

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Ground Blood . .'

Acme Top Dresser

Cotton-seed Meal

Cotton-seed Meal >

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

High Grade German Kainit 16 Per Cent

Genuine German Kainit

American Agricultural Chemical Co., Baltimore,
Greensboro, and New York —

A. A. C. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Superphosphate. . .
Canton Chemical 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate.

Detrick's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Lazaretto 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Zell's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Lazaretto 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Canton Chemical 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate.

Detrick's XXtra Acid Phosphate

Zell's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Zell's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Detrick's H. G. Bone and Potash

. Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash

Zell's Sterling High Grade

Lazaretto Sure Crop Compound

Champion Cotton Fertilizer

Excelsior Alkaline Bone

Zell's H. G. Bone and Potash

Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot-
ash

Lazaretto H. G. Alkaline Bone

Zell's Bone and Potash

Lazaretto Alkaline Bone

Detrick's Bone and Potash

Canton Chemical Soluble Phosphate and Pot-
ash

A. A. C. Co.'s Top Notch Special

Zell's Royal High Grade Fertilizer

Detrick's Superior Animal Bone Fertilizer...
' Canton Chemical Animal Bone Fertilizer. . . .

Zell's Victoria Animal Bone Compound

Lazaretto Retriever Animal Bone Fertilizer. .
Zell's Empire Cotton Compound

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
4.50
4.00
1.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

1.65
1.65

4.12
4.12
2.47
4.94
3.30
2.47
7.81
8.25
6.58
20.56
14.81
11.51
7.40
6.17
6.17

2.00
2.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
7.00
5.00
4.00
8.00
S.OO
3.00

4.66
10.00

3.00

48.00
48.00
16.00
12.00

16.00

• ...

16.00

• • • •

16.00

.

16.00

• • • •

16.00

.

14.00

.

14.00

14.00

.

14.00

.

13.00

12.00

5.00

12.00

5.00

10.00

3.5

19 4.00

10.00

3.1

19 4.00

10.00

2/

n 3.00

10.00

5.00

10.00

. • 4.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

2.00

10.00

2.00

10.00

2.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

2.-

17 7.00

9.00

2.(

)6 2.00

9.00

l.i

55 4.00

9.00

l.t

55 4.00

9.00

U

55 4.00

9.00

U

55 4.00

9.00

l.{

55 3.0

0

24

The Bulletiis^.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Zell's Hustler Phosphate

Mogul Fertilizer

Pacific Guauo for Tobacco

Reese's Potato and Truck Special

Zell's Popular Tobacco JNIauure

Detrick's Kangaroo Komplete Kompound t>pe-
cial High Grade

Lazaretto Carolina Cotton Food

A. A. C. Co.'s Palmetto C. S. M. Compound. . .

Canton Chemical Bono Tobacco Fertilizer. . . .

Zell's Economizer Cotton Food

A. A. O. Co.'s Excelsior Compound for To-
bacco

Detrick's Gold Eagle Cotton Compound

Detrick's Kangaroo Complete Compound for
Tobacco

Lazaretto King of the Harvest

Zell's Tobacco Fertilizer

Canton Chemical Homestead Protector

Canton Chemical Gladiator Cotton Fertilizer.

A. A. C. Co.'s Eureka Cotton-seed ]Meal Com-
pound

Detrick's Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Canton Chemical Baker's Tobacco Fertilizer. .

Canton Chemical Superior High Grade Fer-
tilizer

Detrick's Victory Cotton Fertilizer

Detrick's Kangaroo Komplete Kompound
Bright Tobacco Grower

Lazaretto Carolina Tobacco Fertilizer

Detrick's Kangaroo Komplete Kompound for
Cotton

Zell's Bright Tobacco Grower

Zell's Reliance High Grade Manure

Lazaretto New Rival Cotton Fertilizer

Lazaretto Special Tobacco and Potato Fertil-
izer

Lazaretto Challenge Fertilizer

Canton Chemical CCC Special Compound ....

Detrick's Vegetator Ammoniated Superphos-
phate

Zell's "Square Deal" for Tobacco

Slingluff's British Mixture

Excelsior Bone Compound

Square Deal Phosphate

Savage, Son & Co.'s Brand Purity Guano. . . .

Dawson's Crop Maker

Triumph Soluble Guano

(Jan ton Chemical Baker's Fish Guano

Canton Chemical Game Guano

Detrick's Royal Crop Grower

Detrick's Fish Mixture

Lazaretto Crop Grower

Zell's Special Compound for Tobacco

Zell's Calvert Guano

Zell's Fish Guano

Reese's Pacific Guano

Detrick's Rival Tobacco Compound

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potasli.

Acid.

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

3.00

8.00

2.47

2..50

S.OO

3.29

7.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

S.OO

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

S.OO

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

. 4.00

8.00

.2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

8.00 .

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.06

6.00

8.00

2.06

3.(X)

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

2..50

8.00

1.6.5

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

.8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.65

2.0O

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.0(1

1.65

2.0(J

8.00

1.65

2.00

The Bulletin.

25

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Detrick's Complete Compouud for Grain and
Grass

The A. A. C. Co.'s Fidelity Grain Grower

Lazaretto Peanut Grower

A. A. C. Co.'s Regal Crop Grower

Palmetto Alkaline Phosphate

Lazaretto Early Trucker

A. A. C. Co.'s Blood, Bone and Fish Com-
pound

Lazaretto Truckers' Favorite

Lazaretto Empire Trucker

A. A. C. Co.'s Nitrate of Soda

A. A. C. Co.'s Baltimore Top Dresser

A. A. C. Co.'s Muriate of Potash

A. A. C. Co.'s Genuine German Kainit

American Agricultural Chemical Co., Dixie Guano
Branch, Spartanburg, S. C. —

Dixie Acid Phosphate

Dixie Acid Phosphate

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Blood, Bone and Potash

Dixie Money Maker Fertilizer

Dixie Blootl, Bone and Potash

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Cotton Grower

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Grain Grower

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Beats All Fertilizer

Dixie Fei'tilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Blood and Bone

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Fertilizer

Dixie Farmers' Favorite

Dixie Corn Grower

Dixie Special Corn Mixture e

Dixie Bone and Potash

Dixie Potato Fertilizer

Dixie Lawn Grower

Dixie Special Garden Grower

Dixie Top Dresser

American Agricultural Chonical Co., Farmers Fer-
• tilizer Worlis, Spartanburg, S. C. —

Red Rooster Acid Phosphate

Red Rooster Acid Phosphate

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00-

1.03

4".00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

.82

3.00

8.00

• • > •

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

7.00

3.29

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

• 6.00

4.11
15.00

7.00

7.41

3.00
49.(X)

• • • •

12.00

16.00

• > < >

....

14.00

• • • •

....

13.00

• • • •

(i.OO

12.00

• ■ • <

6.00

10.00

3.30

4.00

10.00

3.30

2.00

10.00

2.47

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

2.47

2.00

10.00

1.85

3.00

10.00

1.65

8.00

10.00

1.65

4.00

10.00

1.65

3.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

.82

5.00

10.00

....

6.00

10.00

4.00

lO.(X)

....

2.00

9.20

1.65

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

4.12

7.<Ht

8.00

3.30

S.OO

s.oo

3..30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.oo

1.65

5.0O

s.oo

1.65

4.00

8.00

• • < •

4.00

7.00

3.30

5.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

5.00

5.77

3.00

16.00
14.(X)
13.00

6.00

26

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Red Roostei" Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Retl Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Blood, Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Money Maker Fertilizer

Red Rooster Blood, Bone and Potash Fertil-
izer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Cotton Grower

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Grain Grower

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Blood and Bone

Retl Rooster Beats All Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Farmers' Favorite Fertilizer . . .

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Red Rooster Com Grower

Red Rooster Special Corn Mixture

Red Rooster Fertilizer

Top Notch C. S. M. Compound

Red Rooster Bone and Potash

Red Rooster Potato Fertilizer

Red Rooster Special Garden Grower

Red Rooster Lawn Grower

Red Rooster Top Dresser

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

12.00

6.00

10.00

3.30

4.00

10.00

3.30

2.00

10.00

3.30

....

10.00

2.47

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

2.47

2.00

10.00

1.85

3.00

10.00

1.65

8.00

10.00

1.65

4.00

10.00

1.65

3.00

10.00

1.65

• 2.00

10.00

.82

5.00

10.00

6.00

10.00

* • ■ *

4.00

10.00

* > • •

2.00

9.0O

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

4.12

7.00

8.00

8.80

8.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

1.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

. . • •

4.00

7.00

3.80

5.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

5.00

5.75

3.00

American Agricultural Chemical Co., Homestead
Fertilizer Branch, Spartanburg, S. C. —

Homestead Acid Phosphate

Homestead Acid Phosphate

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Blood. Bone and Potash

Homestead Money Maker Fertilizer

Homestead Blood, Bone and Potash

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Cotton Grower

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Grain Grower

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Beats All Fertilizers

Homestead Fertilizer

16.00

. . . ■

....

14.00

• • • •

....

13.00

• . • •

6.00

12.00

. . . >

6.00

10.00

3.30

4.00

10.00

3.30

2.00

10.00

2.47

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

2.47

2.00

10.00

1.85

3.00

10.00

1.65

8.00

10.00

1.65

4.00

10.00

1.65

3.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

.82

5.00

10.00

• . . •

6.00

10.00

> • . •

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

9.20

1.65

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

The Bulletin.

27

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Blood and Bone

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Farmers' Favorite

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Corn Grower

Homestead Special Com Mixture

Homestead Fertilizer

Homestead Bone and Potash

Homestead Potato Fertilizer

Homestead Special Garden Grower

Homestead Lawn Grower

Homestead Top Dresser

American Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. —

American Nonpareil Tobacco Grower 8.00

The Armour Fertiliser Works, Atlanta, Chicago,
Wilmington, and Greensboro —

Bone Meal Total 24.00

Armour's Raw Bone Meal Total 22.00

17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 17.00

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Star Phosphate 14 Per Cent 14.00

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Golden Grain Grower 13.00

13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 13.00

Phosphate and Potash 12.00

Phosphate and Potash 12.00

12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 12.00

Fertilizer, No. 1134 11.00

Sampson Corn Mixture 11.00

Fertilizer, No. 1045 10.00

Fertilizer. No. 1044 10.00

Fertilizer, No. 1033 10.00

Fertilizer, No. 1025 10.00

Fertilizer, No. 1023 10.00

Armour's Wheat Grower 10.00

Ammoniated Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00

Special Mixture 10.00

Phosphate and Potash 10.00

Phosphoric Acid and Potash 10.00

Superphosphate and Potash 10.00

Acid and Potash 10.00

Phosphate and Potash, No. 1 10.00

Armour's Tobacco Champion 9.00

African Cotton Grower 9.00

Johnson's High Grade 9.00

Forsyth County Tobacco Special 9.00

Armour's Bright Tobacco Grower 9.00

Bone and Dissolved Bone with Potash 9.00

Fertilizer, No. 913 9.00

'Armour's Phosphate and Potash 9.00

Tobacco Fertilizer S.50

Standard Cotton Grower 8.50

Bone, Blood and Potash 8.00

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

9.0O

2.47

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

s.oo

4.12

7.00

8.00

3.30

8.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.06

1.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

7.00

3.30

5.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

7.00

2.47

4.00

5.00

5.77

3.00

3.29

2.47
3.70

4.00

4.00

6.00

5.00

2.47

4.00

> > * ■

5.00

3.30

5.00

3.30

4.00

2.47

3.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.03

6.00

. . . .

6.00

. . . .

5.00

. . . .

4.00

3.00

> • • •

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.05

5.00

2.05

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

.82

3.00

• • • ■

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

4.11

7.00

28

The BrLLETiN.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Young's Special

Van Linclley's Special

Fertilizer, No. S46

Fertilizer, No. 844

Special Trucker

Truck and Berry Special

Armour's 836 for Tobacco

Fertilizer, No. 836

Special for Tobacco

Fertilizer, No. 835

Fertilizer, No. 834

Fertilizer, No. 833

Underwood's Favorite

Cotton Special

Tobacco Special

Fertilizer, No. 832

Berry King

Gold Medal for Tobacco

Sweet Potato Special

Champion

King Cotton

Slate's Tobacco Special

High Grade Potato

Fruit and Root Crop Special

Stokes & Co. Tobacco Special

Fertilizer, No. 825

Fertilizer, No. 824

Fertilizer, No. 823

Carolina Cotton Special

Slaughter House for Tobacco

Armour's Slaughter House Fertilizer

General

Fertilizer, No. 815

Fertilizer, No. 814

Fertilizer, No. 813

Phosphate and Potash, No. 2

Phosphate and Potash, No. 3

Fertilizer, No. 758

7 Per Cent Trucker

5 Per Cent Trucker

Manure Substitute

Armour's Velvet Leaf

10 Per Cent Trucker

Top Dresser

Armour's Top Dresser

Special Formula for Tobacco

Harvey's Special

Harris Electric Top Dresser

Armour's Top Dresser

Armour's Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Blood

10 Per Cent Tankage

Cotton-seed Meal

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Kainit

Phos. Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

S.OO 4.11

3.00

8.00 4.11

2.00

S.OO 3.30

6.00

S.OO 3.30

4.00

S.OO 3.30

4.00

S.TO 2.47

10.00

8.00 2.47

6.00

8.00 2.47

6.00

8.00 2.47

5.00

8.00 2.47

5.00

S.OO 2.47

4.00

S.OO 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.47

3.00

S.(DO 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.47

2.00

8.00 2.05

4.00

S.OO 2.05

3.00

S.OO 2.05

3.00

S.OO 2.05

2.50

8.00 2.05

. 2.00

8.00 1.85

4.00

8.00 1.65

10.00

8.00 1.65

5.00

8.00 1.65

5.00

8.00 1.65

5.00

8.00 1.65

4.00

S.OO 1.65

3.00

S.OO 1.65

3.00

S.OO . 1.65

2.00

S.OO 1.65

2.00

S.OO 1.65

2.00

S.OO .82

5.00

8.00 .82

4.00

S.OO .82

3.00

8.00

5.00

S.OO

4.00

7.00 4.11

8.00

O.fH") 5.76

5.00

6.00 4.11

7.00

6.00 3.30

4.00

G.OO 2.47

7.00

5.00 8.23

3.00

5.<XJ S.23

2.00

4.00 6.18

2.50

4.00 3.30

5.00

4.00 3.30

4.00

2.00 8.23

3.00

7. S3

4.00

7.40

3.00

20.00

■ > • •

14.81

> < • •

13.16

....

, .

8.23

. . • •

6.18

50.00
50.00
12.00

The Bulletijv,

29

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.
George L. Aips d Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Arps' H. G. 16 Per Cent Acid Pbosiihate 16.00

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Arps' 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Arps' 10 and 2 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Arps' "Go-a-head" Guano for Trucks, Cotton

and Tobacco .•. 8.00

Arps' Quiciv Growtli for All Crops S.OO

.Arps' Premium Guano for Cotton. Tobacco,

and All Spring Crops .' S.OO

Arps' Big Yield Guano 8.00

Arps' Standard Truck Guano 7.00

Arps' Potato Guano 6.00

Ai-ps" Scuppernong Guano for Trucks 6.00

Arps' H. G. Top Dresser

Genuine German Kainit ....

Ashepoo Fertilizer Co., Charleston, 8. C. —

High Grade Ashepoo Dissolved Phosphate. . . . 16.00

H. G. Bradley's Dissolvetl Phosphate 16.00

High Grade Ashepoo Acid Phosphate 14.00

H. G. Bradley's Acid Phosphate 14.00

Standard Bradley's Acid Phosphate 13.00

Standard Quinnipiac Acid Phosphate 13.00

Standard Ashepoo Acid Phosphate 13.00

H. G. Ashepoo Bone and Potash . 12.00

Standard Ashepoo Acid Phosphate and Potash 12.00

Standard Eutaw Acid Phosphate and Potash. 12.00

Standard Bradley's Acid Phosphate 12.00

Standard Ashepoo Acid Phosphate 12.00

Standard Eutaw Acid Phosphate 12.00

Standard Ashepoo Potash and Acid Phosphate 11.00

Standard Eutaw Potash Acid Phosphate 11.00

High Grade Ashepoo Watermelon Guano 10.00

H. G. Ashepoo Cantaloupe Guano 10.00

H. G. Ashepoo Fruit Fertilizer. 10.00

High Grade Bradle.v's Guano 10.00

H. G. Ashepoo Fertilizer 10.00

High Grade Ashepoo Superpotash Acid Phos-
phate 10.00

H. G. Bradley's Potash Acid Phosphate 10.00

H. G. Eutaw Superpotash Acid Phosphate . . . 10.00

Standard Bradley's Wheat Grower 10.00

Standard Enoree Acid Phosphate and Potash. 10.00

Standard Ashepoo Fertilizer 9.00

Standard Eutaw Fertilizer 9.00

Standard B. D. Sea Food Guano 9.00

Standard Bradley's Patent Superphosphate... 9.00
Standard Quinnipiac Pine Island Ammoniated

Superphosphate . 9.00

Standard Cumberland Bone Supeii^bospbate

of Lime 9.00

Standard Americus Ammoniated Bone Super-
phosphate 9.00

Standard Eutaw Guano 9.00

Standard Eutaw XX Guano 9.00

Standard Ashepoo Guano ' 9.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

. . . .

4.00

. . . .

2.00

3.30

4.00

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

4.12

5.00

5.76

5.00

4.12

7.00

8.22

3.00

• • • •

12.00

3.29
2.46
1.65
1.6p
1.65

1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85

1.85

1.85

2.00
1.00
1.00

1.00
1.00
5.00
10.00
6.00
4.00
2.00

4.00
4.00

4.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

1.00

1.00

1.85

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

30

The Bulletin.

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Standard Soluble Pacific Guano 9.00

Standard Ashepoo Guano 9-00

High Grade Bradley's Guano 8.00

High Grade Ashepoo Guano 8.00

High Grade Eutaw Special Cotton-seed Meal

Guano 8.00

High Grade Eutaw Fertilizer. .». 8.00

High Grade Bradley's Guano 8.00

High Grade Pacific Fertilizer 8.00

High Grade Ashepoo Cotton Fertiliser 8.00

High Grade Ashepoo Bird and Fish Guano. . . 8.00

High Grade Ashepoo Meal Mixture 8.00

High Grade Ashepoo Golden Tobacco Producer S.OO

High Grade Ashepoo Fertilizer 8.00

Standard Ashepoo Meal Guano 8.00

Standard Ashepoo Guano 8.00

Standard Eutaw Guano 8.00

Standard Ashepoo Fertilizer S.OO

Standard Bradley's Guano S.OO

Standard Brownwood Potash Acid Phosphate. 8.00

Sulphate of Ammonia

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

German Kainit • • • •

Atlanta Milling Co., Atlanta, Ga.—

Cotton-seed Meal

The Atlantic Chemical Corporation, Isiorfolk, Va. —

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total 21.50

Acco Thomas Phosphate Total 18.00

Atlantic High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos-
phate 16.00

Atlantic 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Atlantic Dissolved Bone 13.00

Atlantic Corn Special 12.00

Atlantic Acid Phosphate 12.00

Atlantic 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture . . 11.00

Atlantic 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture . . 10.00

• Atlantic 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. . 10.00

Atlantic Bone and Potash for Grain 10.00

Atlantic Bone and Potash Mixture lO.OO

Acco Tobacco Compound 9.00

Atlantic Meal Compound 9.00

Atlantic Cotton Grower 9.00

Corona Cotton Compound 9.00

Atlantic Special Guano 9.00

Atlantic Grain Guano 9.00

Atlantic Fish Guano 9.00

Atlantic Special 1-9-2 Guano 9.00

Atlantic 4-8-5 Special Tobacco Grower S.OO

Atlantic Special Truck Guano 8.00

Oriental High Grade Guano 8.00

Paloma Tobacco Guano ' S.OO

Pitt County Light Tobacco Special 8.00

Boone's Special S.OO

Atlantic High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00

Nitrogen. Potasli.

1.65
1.65
3.29
3.29

2.46
2.46
2.46
2.46
2.46
2.46
2.46
2.46
2.46
2.46
2.06
2.06
1.65
1.65

14.81

7.50

3.71

1.02

2.00
1.00
4.00
4.00

4.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.0<J
2.00
2.00
4.00

45.00
45.00
12.00

2.00

5.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.27

2.00

2.06

1.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

3.30

5.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

2.47

5.00

2.47 ■

4.00

2.47

3.00

The Bulletin.

31

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Atlantic High Grade Cotton Guano

Atlantic Tobacco Grower

Atlantic Tobacco Compound

Atlantic Special Wheat Fertilizer

Atlantic Soluble Guano

Atlantic Soluble Guano for Tobacco

Apex Peanut Grower

Atlantic S and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. . .
Atlantic 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mijjture. . .

Atlantic 7 Per Cent Truck Guano

Atlantic Potato Guano

Perfection Peanut Grower

Atlantic Special Potato Guano

Atlantic 2-6-5 Special

Atlantic Side Dresser

Atlantic Special Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Atlantic Top Dresser

Cotton-seed Meal

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Atlantic Fertilizer Co., Atlanta, Ga. —

Atlantic Acid and Potash Mixture H. G

Atlantic Acid and Potash Mixture H. G

Baltimore Fei'tillzer Co., Baltimore, Bid. —

Honest Acid Phosphate

Honest Acid Phosphate

Honest Bone and Potash

Honest 4-8-5

Honest Sweet Potato Grower

Honest Cotton Grower

Honest Ammoniated Bone

Honest Dixie Trucker , . . ,

Honest Trucker

Baiigh & Sons Co., Philadelphia, Pa., and Norfolk,
Va.—

Baugh's Raw Bone Meal, Warranted Pure,
Total

Baugh's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Baugh's Pure Bone and Muriate of Potash
Mixture Total

Baugh's High Grade Acid Phosphate

Baugh's Pure Dissolved Animal Bones

Baugh's 12 and 5 Phosphate and Potash

Baugh's High Grade Cotton and Truck Guano

Baugh's 10 and 8 Phosphate and Potash

Baugh's 10 and 4 Phosphate and Potash Mix-
ture

Baugh's Soluble Alkaline Superphosphate

Baugh's Grain and Grass Grower

Baugh's H. G. Potato Grower

Baugh's Fish, Bone and Potash

Baugh's Yucatan Special Tobacco Guano

Baugh's Fruit and Berry Guano

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
6.00
6.00
4.00
4.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

2.47
2.06
2.06
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.02

5.77
4.12

4.12

1.65
8.22
6.18
15.22
7.42
6.17

3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
5.00
4.00
7.00
5.00
5.00
7.00
5.00
4.00
2..50

3.00

48.00
48.00
12.00

12.00

....

6.00

10.00

5.00

16.00

14.00

• > • >

10.00

....

2.00

8.00

3.20

5.00

8.00

2.40

4.00

8.00

2.40

3.00

8.00

1.60

2.00

6.00

4.00

7.00

6.00

4.00

5.00

21.50

3.70

16.00

• • • •

15.00

2.47

5.00

14.00

• • . *

13.00

2.06

. . . .

12.00

• • • <

5.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

8.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.30

10.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

32

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Baugh's Special Tobacco Gnano

Baugh's Grand Rapids High Grade Guano. . .

Baugli's Sweet Potato Guano for Sweet Pota-
toes

Baugh's Higla Grade Tobacco Guano

Baugbi's Complete Animal Base Fertilizer. . . .

Baugh's Fish Mixture

Baugh's Animal Base and Potash Compound
for All Crops

Baugh's Wheat Fertilizer for Wheat and Grass

Baugh's Southern States Excelsior Guano. . . .

Baugh's Southern States Guano for Bright
Tobacco

Baugh's Potato and Truck Special

Baugh's Strawberry [Mixture

Baugh's Fine Ground Fish Total

Baugh's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano

Baugh's P. P. P. Plentiful Potato

Baugh's Peruvian Guano Substitute for Pota-
toes for All Vegetables

Baugh's Fanners' Friend Guano

Baugh's New Process 10 Per Cent Guano. . . .

Baugh's Special Potato Manure

H. G. Tankage Total

Sulphate of Ammonia '

Nitrate of Soda

Fine Ground Dried Blood

. Baugh's Soluble Top Dresser for All Crops. . .

Muriate of Potash

High Grade Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

The Berkley Chemical Co., IVorfoIk, Va. —

Pure Ground Bone Total

Resolute Acid Phosphate

Berkley Acid Phosphate

Berkley 12-5 Bone and. Potash

Berkley Bone and Potash Mixture

Berkley Plant Food .-

Laurel Potash Mixture

Monitor Animal Bone Fertilizer

Select Crop Grower

Victory Special Crop Grower

Berkley H. G. Tobacco Grower

Berkley Tobacco Guano

Advance Crop Grower

Brandon Superphosphate

Long Leaf Tobacco Grower

Berkley Peanut and Grain Grower

Superior Bone and Potash

Mascot Truck Guano

Royal Tiiick Grower

The Leader of the World

Berkley Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Dry Ground Fish

Special Top Dresser

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

2.47

5.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

1.65

5.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.00

3.00

7.00

2.88

7.00

7.00

2.88

7.00

7.00

2.47

5.00

6.87

8.23

6.00

5.76

5.00

6.00

4.94

6.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

5.00

8.23

2.. 50

5.00

1.65

10.00

4.00

6.58
20.57

....

, ,

15.63

....

13.17

8.23

3.00

50.00

, .

• • • •

48.00

....

12.40

20.00

3.70

16.00

■ ■ > •

. . > ■

14.00

....

12.00

....

5.00

11.00

> • • •

2.00

10.00

> • • •

4.00

10.00

> • • ■

2.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

S.50

2.06

2.50

S.OO

3.29

4.00

S.OO

3.29

4.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

8.00

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

5.00

3.29

5.00

4.00

8.23
15.00

2.00

....

8.23

....

• •

7.41

3.00

The Bulletin.

33

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Muriate of Potasli

Sulphate of Potash

Geuuiiie German Kaiuit

Beta Fertilizer Co., Beta, N. C. —

Beta Grass and Grain Fertilizer

Beta Potato and Truck

Beta Fertilizer

Beta Special Corn Grower

Beta Special Cotton

Beta Regulator Corn Grower

Beta Special Lawn

*S. T. Beveridge <£ Co., Richmond, Va. —

Beveridge's Raw Ground Bone Meal Total 20.00

Beveridge's Thomas or Basic Slag Total 20.00

Beveridge's Thomas or Basic Slag Total 17.00

Blackstone Guano Co., Inc., Blackstone, Va. —

Clover Leaf 16 Per Cent Phosphate IG.OO

Bone and Phosphate Half and Half 15.00

Bla. G. Co., Inc., Acid Phosphate 14.00

Clover Leaf for Grain 13.00

Dissolved Bone 10.00

B. G. Co., Inc., Bone and Potash 10.00

B. G. Co., Inc., Bone and Potash 10.00

Blackstone Special for Tobacco 9.00

Old Bellefonte 8.00

Clover Leaf for Tobacco 8.00

Tobacco Special 8.00

Wrapper Brand 8.00

Jim Crow for Tobacco 8.00

Bellefonte 8.00

Hard Cash for Tobacco 8.00

Carolina Special for Tobacco 8.00

Standard Guano 8.00

Red Letter for Tobacco 8.00

Alliance for Tobacco 8.00

Leader for Tobacco 8.00

Peanut Special 8.00

Material for Special Order

Bowker Fertiliser Co., Baltimore, Md., and Boston,
Mass. —

16 Per Cent Dissolved Bone Phosphate 16.00

Bowker's Soluble Phosphate 14.00

Golden Harvest Fertilizer 12.00

Imperial Alkaline Phosphate 10.00

Superphosphate with Potash for Grass and

Grain 10.00

Animal Bone Fertilizer 9.00

Blood, Bone and Fish 8.00

Sure Crop Cotton-seed Meal Compound 8.00

Bowker's Red Oak Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

' Bowker's White Star Compound 8.00

Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Eureka Cotton Compound 8.00

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

....

49.00

48.00

12.00

10.00

2.00

8.00

4.00

7.00

8.00

4.00

4.00

8.00

3.00

5.00

8.00

3.00

3.00

8.00

2.00

2.00

4.00

2.00

2.00

3.70

1.65

1.03

1.00

1.03

1.00

• • • •

4.00

• • • •

2.00

2.47

3.00

3.30

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.03

6.00

4.05

• • • •

■ • • ■

5.00

4.00

2.00

1.85

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

7.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

34

The Bulletin.

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Excelsior C. S. M. Mixture 8.00

Empire Standard 8.00

Corn and Grain Grower 8.00

Southern Special Compound ' 7.00

Rowker's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano 6.00

H. G. Top Dresser

BoyJcin Chemical and Fertiliser Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Boykin Top Dresser ^

H. P. Brown Guano Co., Salisbury, N. C. —

Brown's Ground Eock Phosphate Total 28.00

Brown's 21i/,-4i/2 Bone Meal 21.05

Brown's 20-12 Bone and Potash 20.00

Brown's 20-8 Bone and Potash 20.00

Brown's Thomas Phosphate 17.00 to 19.00

Brown's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Brown's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Brown's Dissolved Animal Bone 13.00

Brown's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 13.00

Brown's 12-6 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12-5 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12-4 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12-3 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 12.00

Brown's 11 5 Bone and Potash 11.00

Brown's 10-4-4 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-3-3 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-2-2 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-l%-6 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-6 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-5 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-4 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-3 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-2 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 9-3-3 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-2%-2 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-214-4 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-2-3 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-1-3 Guano 9.00

Brown's 8-41/2-7 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-41/0-7 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-4-6 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-4-6 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-4-4 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-5 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-5 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-3 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-3 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-21/2-3 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2 1^ -3 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2y2-2 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2i/,-2 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-10 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-3 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-2 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-2 Tobacco Guano . 8.00

Brown's 8-1-4 Guano 8.00

Nitrogen.

Potash.

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

4.00

3.29

5.00

5.76

5.00

7.41

3.00

.41

3.70

2.06

3.29
2.47
1.65
1.03

2.47
2.26
1.85
1.65

.82
3.71
3.71
3.29
3.29
3.29
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.06
2.06
2.06
2.06
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65

.82

3.00

12.00

8.00

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00

5.60
4.00
3.00
2.00
6.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
7.00
7.00
6.00
6.00
4.00
.5.00
5.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
10.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
4.00

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Brown's 8-1-3 Gnano

Brown's S-5 Bone and Potash

Brown's 8-4 Bone and Potash

Brown's 7-7-7 Guano

Brown's 7-5-8 Guano

Brown's 7-5-5 Guano

Brown's 7-4-5 Guano

Brown's 4-7 1^ -2 Top Dresser

Brown's Fish Scrap

Brown's Nitrate of Soda

Brown's Dried Blood

Brown's 12 Per Cent Kainit

Brown's Top Dresser

Brown's Cotton-seed Meal

Brown's 7 Per Cent Tankage

Brown's Muriate of Potash

Brown's Sulphate of Potash

C. J. Burton Guana Co., Baltimore, Md. — -

Burton's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Burton's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Burton's Alkaline

Burton's Potash Mixture

. Burton's High Grade Tobacco

Burton's Best

Tobacco Queen

Burton High Grade

Burton's Butcher Bone

Caraleiffh Phosphate and Fertilizer Works,
Raleigh, N. C. —

Raw Bone Meal Total

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Climax Dissolved Bone

Sterling Acid Phosphate

• Staple Acid Phosphate

Home & Son's High Grade Bone and Potash.

Special Bone and Potash Mixture

Morris & Scarboro's Special Bone and Potash.

Electric Bone and Potash Mixture

Pacific Tobacco and Cotton Grower

Special 8-4-4

Rhamkatte Special Tobacco Guano

Caraleigh Meal and Tankage Mixture

Home's Best

Eclipse Ammoniated Guano

Caraleigh Formula for Tobacco

Planter's Pride

Caraleigh Special Tobacco Guano

Eli Ammoniated Fertilizer

Crown Ammoniated Guano

Comet Guano

Buncombe Corn Grower

, Buncombe Wheat Grower

Caraleigh Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Blood

Kanona Tankage

A.vail.

Phos. Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00 .82

3.00

8.00-

5.00

8.00

4.00

7.00 5.76

7.00

7.00 4.12

8.00

7.00 4.17

5.00

7.00 3.29

5.00

4.00 8.17

2.00

, ,

8.24

• t ■ •

, ,

15.00

• . • •

, ,

13.00

• . • •

, ,

12.00

• • • •

, ,

7.40

3.00

, .

6.17

• . . .

5.76

, ,

• • • •

48.00

. ,

• • ■ . .

48.00

16.00

■ • • •

14.00

• • • ■

10.00

• • > >

4.00

10.00

• ■ > >

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

45.00

3.70

16.00

• • • •

• • • •

14.00

• • • •

• • • •

13.00

• • • •

12.00

....

11.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

• ■ • •

4.00

10.00

• • ■ •

3.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

3.39

4.00

8.00

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

3.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

8.00

• • ■ •

4.00

3.00

8.23

4.00

• - • .

15.63

• • ■ ■

....

13.16

• > • •

• ■ • •

9.04

• • • •

36

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Ground Fish

Sulphate of Potash . . . .

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Carolina Union Fertiliser Co., Norfolk^ Va. —

Carolina Union Raw Bone Meal Total

Carolina Union 16 Per Cent

Carolina Union 14 Per Cent

Carolina Union 12-5

Carolina Union 10-5

Carolina Union 10-4

Carolina Union 10-2

Carolina Union 21/4-9-4 Guano

Carolina Union 1-9-2

Carolina Union 4-'8-4

Carolina Union 3-8-3

Carolina Union 2%-8-3

Carolina 2-8-2

Carolina Union 1-8-4

Carolina Union 10-2-2

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Catawba Fertilizer Co., Lancaster, S. C. —

Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba
Catawba

High Grade Acid Phosphate.
High Grade Acid Phosphate.

Acid and Potash

Acid and Potash

Special

Farmers' King

Climax

Preference

Grain King

Acid and Potash . . .
Acid and Potash . . .

«old Medal

Farmers' Special . .

Old Hickory

Regulator

Reliable

Electric

Farmers' Choice . .

Red Rose

Peerless

Red Star

Champion

Standard Formula

Standard

Eclipse

Economizer

Dixie

Acid and Potash . . .
Cotton Producer . .
H. G. Top Dresser.

Superior

Excelsior

Avail.
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

• • • •

8.82

....

• • • •

• • • •

50.00

• * • ■

• ■ • •

50.00

12.00

21.00

3.71

16.00

> * • •

. . . •

14.00

• • • •

. . • •

12.00

....

5.00

10.00

■ ■ ■ •

5.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• . » .

2.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47 •

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

2.00

8.25

2.00

• • • •

14.85

> > • ■

• • • ■

• • • ■

50.00

....

....

12.00

16.00

14.00

• • • •

■ • • •

12.00

....

5.00

12.00

4.00

10.00

3.20

4.00

10.00

1.65

5.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

.82

4.00

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

■ • • •

2.00

9.00

2.47

7.00

9.00

2.47

2.00

8.00

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

2.05

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• • • ■

4.00

6.00

4.93

5.00

4.00

6.16

2.50

4.00

5.75

7.00

4.00

5.75

4.00

The Bulletin.

37

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Catawba Nitrate of Soda

Catawba Muriate of Potasli

Catawba Kainit

Central Phosphate Co., Mount Pleasant, Tenn. —

Tennessee Phospliate Total

Tennessee Phosphate Total

Chatham Oil and Fertilizer Co., Pittshoro, N. C. — •

C. O. & F. Co. Acid Phosphate

C. O. & F. Co. Acid Phosphate

C. O. & F. Co. Bone and Potash

C. O. & F. Co. Bone and Potash

Chatham Corn Grower

Pittsboro High Grade

High Land Tobacco Grower

Pride of Chatharh

London's Special

Chatham Cotton Grower

C. O. & F. Co. German Kainit

The ChesapeaJce Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. —

C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Phosphate 16 Per Cent. .
C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Phosphate 14 Per Cent. .

C. C. Co.'s Reliable Phosphate

C. C. Co.'s Celebrated Mixture

C. C. Co.'s High Grade Guano

C. C. Co.'s Excelsior Fertilizer

C. C. Co.'s Fish Guano

C. C. Co.'s Ammonia ted Phosphate

C. C. Co.'s National Crop Grower

C. C. Co.'s Keystone Phosphate

C. C. Co.'s Potato Compound. . . ;

C. C. Co.'s Prolific Top Dresser

C. C. Co.'s German Kainit

Citif Abattoir of Winston-Salem, Winston-Salem,

N. C—

Tankage

Clayton Oil Mill, Clayton, N. C. —

C. O. M. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

C. O. M. High Grade Bone and Potash

C. O. M. Wheat Compound

C. O. M. Bone and Potash

R. B. W. Special

Austin's Special

Wayside Special

C. W. H. Special

C. O. M. Cotton Grower

Clayton Guano

Planters' Favorite

Clayton Sec. Tobacco Grower

' Cotton Queen

Summer Queen

C. O. M. Top Dresser

C. O. M. German Kainit

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

15.00

" ' * '.

• . . .

48.00
12.00

32.00

28.00

—

16.00

14.00

• > ■ •

....

10.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

1.23

3.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

12.00

16.00

14.00

• • • •

• • • •

10.00

• • • ■

4.00

10.00

• ■ • •

2.00

8.00

3.28

4.00

8.00

2.46

4.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

1.64

3.00

8.00

1.64

2.00

7.00

3.28

5.00

6.00

4.10

5.00

• • • •

7.51

3.50

• • > •

• • • •

12.40

8.50

5.74

16.00

• • . •

• • • •

12.00

• . . .

5.00

10.00

2.05

4.50

10.00

• ■ • •

5.00

9.00

3.30

4.00

9.00

. 2.47

3.00

9.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

5.00

5.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

3.00

7.75

2.00

■ ■ ■ •

• • ■ •

12.00

38

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

The Goe-Mortimer Co., Charleston, S: C—

Gen. Key — Tree Braud Thomas Phosphate,
Total •

Gen. Key — Tree Brand Thomas Phosphate,
Total ■

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Dissolved Bone

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Dissolved Bone

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Level Best

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Progressive Farmer

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Bone and Potash

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Bone and Potash

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Corn Club

Carolina Special

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Excelsior

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s M. H. G

Knickerbocker Standard

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Tar Heel

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Si^ecial Formula

High Grade Tankage

E. Frank Co.'s Extra High Grade

Marcoe Guano

C.-M. Co.'s Tobacco Grower

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Tobacco Fertilizer, No. 3.

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Tobacco Fertilizer, No. 2.

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Tobacco Fertilizer. No. 1 .

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Meal Mixture

■ C.-M. Co.'s Tobacco Special

Darlington Guano

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Cotton and Corn

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s General Crop

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Standard

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Straight Goods

Universal

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Bone and Potash. *.

Mortimer's High Grade

Imported Fish Guano

Coe-Mortimer Co.'s Top Dresser

H. G. Blood

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate Mixture

Genuine German Kainit

Columbia Guano Co., No7-folk, Va. —

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Columbia Thomas Phosphate

Columbia High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phos-
phate

Columbia 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Columbia Dissolved Bone

Columbia 12 and 6 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Columbia 12 and 5 Bone and Potash

Columbia 12 and 5 B. and P. Mixture

Columbia Acid Phosphate

'Columbia 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Columbia IO14 and 1% Bone and Potash Mix-
ture

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

18.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

17.50

....

16.00

14.00

■ > . .

■ ■ ■ .

10.00

3.29

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

. ■ • ■

4.00

10.00

. • • .

2.00

9.25

2.05

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.05

4.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

.82

3.00

8.50

1.65

2.00

8.00

7.81

9.50

8.00

4.11

7.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.28

4.00

8.00

2.47

6.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

2.05

2.00

8.00

2.05

1.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• • ■ •

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

5.80

8.22

10.00

4.00

6.17

2.50

13.37

16.25

14.83

49.66

■ ■ • •

49.00

....

. ■ • ■

20.00

....

12.00

21.50

3.71

18.00

16.00

14.00

13.00

12.00

6.00

12.00

5.00

12.00

5.00

12.00

• • • ■

11.00
10.50

5.00
1.50

The Bulletin.

39

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Columbia 10 aud 5 Bone and Potash Mixture.
Columbia 10 aud 4 Bone and' Potash Mixture.

Columbia Bone and Potash for Grain

Columbia Bone and Potash Mixture

Columbia C. S. M. Special

Parrish's Special

Roanoke Ammonia ted Guano

Carolina Soluble Guano

Columbia . Grain Guano

Columbia Special 1-9-2 Guano

Columbia Special Truck

Tobacco King

Pelican Ammoniated Guano

Columbia Special Truck Guano

Trojan Tobacco Guano

Columbia Special 4-8-3

Yelverton Bros.' Plant Food for Tobacco

Columbia 8-3-4 Special Guano

Olympia Cotton Guano

Hyco Tobacco Guano

Our Best Meal Guano

Royal Tobacco Fertilizer

Columbia Special Tobacco Guano

Columbia 8-2-5 Tobacco Special

Columbia Fish and Blood Guano

Columbia Fish Phosphate and Potash

Columbia Fish Phosphate and Potash

Columbia Soluble Guano for Tobacco

Columbia Special Wheat Fertilizer

Columbia Soluble Guano

Spinola Peanut Grower

Columbia 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. .
Columbia Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guano. . .

Columbia Potato Manure

Columbia Potato Guano

Crown Brand Peanut Guano

Columbia Irish Potato Grower

Perfection Potato Producer

Columbia Side Dj-esser

Columbia Special Top Dresser

Columbia Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Cotton-seed Meal

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Combahee Fertilizer Co., Charleston, S. C. —

C. F. Co. Dissolved Bone

C. F. Co. Dissolved Bone

C. F. Pure Dissolved Bone

C. F. Co. Melon Fertilizer

C. F. Co. Cantaloupe Fertilizer

Acid with Potash

' Special Mixture

C. F. Co. K. M. S

C. F. Co. H. G. Cotton Mixture

C. 'F. Co. Cotton aud Corn Compound

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid. -

10.00

....

5.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

* • • >

3.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

2.27

2.00

9.00

2.06

5.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

4.12

5.00

8.00

3.30

5.00

8.0O

3.30

4.00

8.00

8.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

3.00

8.0O

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.02

4.00

8.00 .

> ■ f •

4.00

7.00

5.77

7.00

7.00

4.12

7.00

7.0O

4.12

5.00

7.00

5.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

5.00

4.94

7.00

4.00

8.22

4.00

4.00

6.18

2.50

....

7.42

3.00

15.22

....

....

6.17

48.00

48.00
12.00

10.00

14.00

13.00

10.00

3.30

5.00

10.00

2.47

10.00

10.00

• . . .

2.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

40

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Kaiuit

Conestee Chemical Co., Wilmington, N. C. —

IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Conestee High Grade Acid Phosphate

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potasli

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash . . . -.

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Square Deal Fertilizer for Tobacco.

Conestee Square Deal Fertilizer

Adams' Special Fertilizer

Conestee Cotton Grower

Conestee Premo Guano

Conestee Special Fertilizer for Cotton

Conestee Melon Grower

Conestee Special Fertilizer for Tobacco

Conestee O. K. Fertilizer for Tobacco

Conestee P. D. Q. Fertilizer

Conestee "O. K." Fertilizer

Conestee P. D. Q. Fertilizer for Tobacco

Conestee Plumb Good Fertilizer

Conestee Crop Grower for Tobacco

Conestee Fish Scrap Guano for Tobacco

Conestee 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano

Conestee 8-3-3 C. S. M. Guano for Tobacco. . .

Conestee Fish Scrap Guano

Conestee Special Fertilizer

Conestee Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Conestee Fertilizer for Tobacco

Conestee Fertilizer

Conestee Crop Grower

Conestee Tobacco Grower

Conestee Complete Fertilizer

Conestee Special Grain Fertilizer

Conestee Standard Guano for Tobacco

Conestee Standard Guano

Cotton-seed Meal Guano for Tobacco

Cotton-seed Meal Guano

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Bone and Potash

Conestee Root Crop Guano

Conestee Standard Truck Guano

Conestee High Grade Guano

Avail.

Phos. Nitrogen. Potash.

Acid.

14.83

• • • • •

• • •

48.00

....

12.00

16.00

14.00

....

12.00

, ,

6.00

12.00

, ,

5.00

12.00

, ,

4.00

12.00

, ,

3.00

12.00

, ,

2.00

11.00

6.00

11.00

5.00

11.00

4.00

11.00

3.00

11.00

, ,

2.00

10.00

, ,

6.00

10.00

5.00

10.00

, ,

4.00

10.00

, ,

3.00

10.00

,

2.00

9.25

1.65 2.00

9.25

1.65 2.00

9.00

2.47 3.00

9.00

2.27 2.00

9.00

.82 3.00

8.00

4.12 7.00

8.00

4.12 7.00

8.00

4.12 7.00

8.00

3.30 4.00

8.00

3.30 4.00

8.00

3.30 4.00

8.00

3.30 4.00

8.00

2.47 4.00

8.00

2.47 4.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.47 2.50

8.00

2.47 2.50

8.00

2.06 3.00

8.00

2.06 3.00

8.00

2.06 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

, ,

6.00

8.00

, ,

5.00

8.00

, ,

4.00

7.00

4.12 7.00

7.00

4.12 5.00

6.00

4.94 8.00

The Bulletin.

41

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Couestee Truck Grower

Conestee Corn Guano

Dried Ground Fish -.

Conestee Special Top Dresser

Sulpliate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Ground Blood

Conestee Top Dresser

Cotton-see<l Meal

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

H. G. German Kainit 16 Per Cent.
Genuine German Kainit

Contentnea Guano Co., Wilson, N. C. —

High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid

Contentnea 14 Per Cent Acid

"Corn Club" Special

Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 3. . .
Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 2. . .
Bone and Potash Mixture, No. 1. . .

Contentnea Cotton Formula

Bartholomew's Cotton Grower ....

S-41/2-7 for Tobacco

8-41/2-7 for Cotton

Climax High Grade

Climax H. G. for Cotton

Carr Tobacco Grower

High Grade Tobacco Grower

Government Formula, No. 1

Government Formula, No. 2

Victor Tobacco Grower

Farmers' Favorite Tobacco Grower

Plant-bed Tobacco Grower ,

Pick Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer

Top Notch Fertilizer

Matchless Cotton Grower

Contentnea Cotton Grower

Bragg Cotton Grower

Blood and Bone Cotton Grower

Bragg Corn Grower

Contentnea Corn Special

High Grade Top Dresser

Contentnea Top Dresser ,

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Manure Salts

H. G. 16 Per Cent German Kainit . .
German Kainit

Cooper Guano Co., Wilniinffton, N. C. —

Cooper's 4% Per Cent Raw Bone Meal.

Cooper's Acid with Potash

Cooper's Zenith

' Cooper's High Grade

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

6.00
6.00
4.50
4.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

3.30
2.47

7.81

8.25

20.56

14.81

11.51

7.40

6.17

8.00
3.00

4.00

3.00

4'8.66
48.00
16.00
12.00

16.00

• ■ • •

. . . .

14.00

• • . >

10.00

.82

5.00

10.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

■ • • •

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

9.00

2.25

2.00

9.00

1.85

5.00

8.00

3.70

7.00

8.00

3.70

7.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.90

6.00

8.00

2.90

5.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

8.00

2.47

7.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

5.00

5.00

1.65

5.00

4.00

8.25

4.00

3.00

8.25
14.82

5.00

....

.»

50.00
50.00
20.00
16.00
12.00

22.50

3.71

10.00

....

5.00

8.00

2.00

3.00

7.00

6.00

5.00

Cooperative Warehouse Co., Salishury, N. C-
Farmers' Union Cotton-seed Meal

6.17

42

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen. Potash.

Coweta Fertilizer Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Coweta 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Coweta High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Coweta Acid Phosphate 13.00

Coweta Fish Guano 10.00

Coweta Standard Bone and Potash 10.00

Coweta Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00

Coweta Nonpareil Grower 9-00

Coweta Animal Bone 8.00

Sea Bird Standard Guano 8.00

Coweta Perfection Tobacco Grower 8.00

Coweta Royal Guano 8.00

Coweta Beef Blood and Bone 8.00

Coweta Success Guano ' 8.00

Coweta Special Bone and Potash 8.00

Coweta Standard Truck Guano 6.00

Nitrate of Soda • • • •

Cotton-seed Meal

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Craven Chemical Co., New Bern, N. C. —

Panama 16 Per Cent Phosphate 16.00

Jewel Acid Phosphate 14.00

Turkey Trot Bone and Potash 12.00

Herring's Bone and Potash 12.00

Craven H. G. Bone and Potash 12.00

Foy's H. G. Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Craven Grain Compound 10.00

Trent Bone and Potash 10.00

Halifax Guano 9-00

Prolix 9-2-3 Special Guano 9.00

Hanover Standard Guano 8.00

Currituck Sweet Potato Guano 8.00

Duplin Tobacco Guano 8.00

Gaston High Grade Fertilizer 8.00

C. E. Foy High Grade Guano 8.00

C. C. Co. Standard Tobacco Guano 8.00

Hart's Special Tobacco Grower 8.00

Marvel Great Crop Grower 8.00

Elite Cotton Guano 8.00

Pantego Potato Guano 7.00

Neuse Truck Grower 6.00

Craven Chemical Co.'s Truck Guano, 5-10-21/2- 5.00

Craven Chemical Co.'s Top Dresser A 4.00

Craven Chemical Co.'s Top Dresser B 4.00

Craven Chemical Co.'s Top Dresser C

Genuine German Kainit ■ • • •

Dey & Brother, Beaufort, N. C. —

Ground Fish Scrap '''•00

Dixie Guano Co., Durham, N. C. —

Dixie 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 1600

Dixie 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Dixie Champion for Wheat and Corn 10.50

Jeff Davis Special 9.00

1.65

2.00

....

4.00

....

2.00

.83

3.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

1.00

1.65

2.00

4.00

4vl2

7.00

14.83

....

6.17

....

49.00

....

12.00

2.47
1.65
3.29
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.06
1.65
4.12
4.94
8.24
8.24
6.18
7.41

8.23

6.00
5.00
4.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
6.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
7.00
6.00
2.50
4.00
2.50
3.00
12.00

2.26

1.50

2.00

The Bulletin.

43

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Dixie Star Aiumouiated .

Dixie Corn Fertilizer

Radium Brand Guano

Dixie Tobacco Fertilizer

Carolina Special Ammoniated ....

Sulky Plow Brand Guano

Battle's Blood and Bone Fertilizer

Niagara Soluble Bone

Dixie Cotton P^'ertilizer

Old Plantation Superphosphate . . . ,

Nitrate of Soda

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash . ,

Kainit

Dixie Prepared Agricultural Lime . ,

Dixie Guano Co., Inc., Suffolk, Va. —

Dixie Acid Phosphate

Dixie Acid Phosphate

Dixie Goodluck Brand

Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash.

Dixie Monticello Brand

Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash . .
Dixie Alkaline Bone and Potash . .

Dixie's Best

Dixie 8-4-4 Guano

Dixie Maximum Brand

Dixie High Grade

Dixie 8-2-5 Guano

Dixie Standard Guano

Dixie Bonus Brand

Dixie Jumbo Peanut Grower

Dixie 5 Per Cent Truck

Dixie Potato Guano

Dixie 10 Per Cent Top Dresser . . .

Dixie 7 Per Cent Guano.

Nitrate of Soda

Ground Fish

Cotton-seed Meal

Muriate of Potash

Kainit

Eastern Cotton Oil Co., Hertford, N. C. —

Acid Phosphate

"Ten-One-Four for Peanuts"

Currituck Special for Yellow Sweets

Mat White Special

It-grows Cm'rituck Yellows

Rain-proof Cotton Grower

Fish and Blood Mixture

• Perquimans Favorite ,

Early Bird

Hertford Truck Grower

Tankage and Fish Substitute Peruvian Guano

for Truck

Nun-such Potato Grower

AvaiL

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

. .82 .

3.00

S.OO

3.28

5.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

2.46

3.00

8.00

2.46

2.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

2.05

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

14.82

2.00

49.00

48.00

....

12.00
2.50

16.00

< • • •

14.00

• • ■ •

12.00

1.00

6.00

11.00

• > > •

2.00

10.00

1.00

2.00

10.00

, , , ,

4.00

10.00

• ■ . .

2.00

8.00

4.11

7.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

S.OO

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1,65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

6.00

5.75

5.00

5.00

8.23

3.00

5.00

5.66
15.21

4.00

....

8.23

• • • •

6.16

48.00

. • . •

• ■ ■ «

12.00

16.00

• • • •

• • • ■

10.00

.83

4.00

8.00

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

6.00

5.77

5.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

44

The Bulletin,

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Elmore Gin and Fertilizer Co., Elmore, N. C. —

Elmore Standard Fertilizer

Elmore Cottou Fertilizer

Elmore X Fertilizer

Elmore Cantaloupe Special

Elmore Top Dresser

Elmore Money Maker Top Dresser

Elmore Corn Fertilizer

Etitcan Fertilizer Co., Charleston, 8. C. —

Etiwan 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate IG.OO

Etiwan High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Etiwan Dissolved Bone 13.00

Diamond Soluble Bone 13.00

Etiwan Acid Phosphate with Potash 11.00

Plow Brand Acid Phosphate with Potash 11.00

Etiwan Potash Bone 10.00

Etiwan Soluble Bone with Potash 10.00

Diamond Soluble Bone with Potash 10.00

XX Acid Phosphate with Potash 10.00

Etiwan Blood and Bone Guano 9.00

Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate 9.00

Etiwan 9-2-3 Per Cent Ammoniated Fertilizer . 9.00

Plow Brand Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 9.00

Etiwan Superior Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

Etiwan Special Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

Plow Brand Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Etiwan Cotton Compound 8.00

Etiwan High Grade Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

Etiwan Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00

Plow Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00

Etiwan Special Potash Mixture 8.00

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit • • • •

Farmers Cooperative Fertilizer Co., Inc., Black-
stone and Kenhridgc, Va. —

Pure Animal Bone Total 21.00

F. C. F. Co.'s Acid Phosphate 16.00

F. C. F. Co.'s Acid Phosphate 14.00

Sampson : 10.00

Pape's Peerless 10.00

Cherokee 10-00

F. 0. F. Co.'s Bone and Potash Compound... 10.00

F. C. F. Co.'s Bone and Potash Compound... 10.00

Walkover 9.00

Virginian 8.00

Virginian X 8.00

Meherrin 8.00

Nottoway Special 8.00

Free State Official 8.00

Paul Jones f 8.00

Farmers Cotton Oil Co., Wilson, N. C. —

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Bonum Acid Phosphate 14.00

Contentnea Acid Phosphate 13.00

Avail.
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

6.50

2.47

2.50

7.00

4.00

7.50

■ • • •

8.65

3.50

• • • ■

7.41

6.00

• • • •

3.70

7.50

2.06
2.06
1.65
1.65
3.30
3.30
3.30
2.47
2.47
1.65
1.65

14.82

2.47

1.00
1.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
- 3.00
2.00
6.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00

48.00
12.00

2.47

5.00

1.64

2.00

1.03

• • • •

4.00

2.00

1.03

1.00

3.99

2.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.06

3.00

1.64

2.00

The Bulletin.

45

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Washington's Corn Mixture Guano

Xtra Good Bone and Potash

Whitley's Special Guano

Dean's Special Guano

Regal Tobacco Guano

Newsome's Tobacco Special

Graves' Cotton Grower Guano

Golden Gem Guano

Wilson High Grade Guano

Planters' Friend Guano

Carolina Choice Tobacco Guano

Crop King Guano

Fai*mers' Special Guano

Rogers' Truck Grower

Wilson Top Dresser

Perfect Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrate Special

Tomlinson's Nitrate Special

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

German Kainit

Farmers Guano Co., Raleigh, N. C, and Norfolk,
Va.—

Raw Bone Meal Total

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Farmers Acid Phosphate

Special H. G. Bone and Potash

Farmers Gi-ain Grower

Special Bone and Potash Mixture

Century Bone and Potash Mixture

Farmers Meal and Tankage Mixture

Farmers Blood and Bone

Big Crop Guano

Farmers Formula for Tobacco

Money Point Guano

Golden Grade Guano

Toco Tobacco Guano

Farmers 8-2-5 Guano

Farmers Ammoniated Guano

State Standard Guano

Farmers Peanut Guano

Special Bone and Potash

Farmers 7-7-7 Per Cent Trucker

Farmers 7-5-8 Special

Farmers Challenge

Fanners 6-7-5 Trucker

Farmers Top Dresser

. Nitrate of Soda

Kanona Tankage

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Avail.
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

10.00

1.65

5.00

10.00

• ■ • ■

2.00

9.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.70

7.00

8.00

2.88

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.27

2.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

5.76

7.00

2.00

9.05

4.00

2.00

8.23

5.00

• • • •

20.57

> . • •

• • • •

15.63

• • • •

10.66

4.00

....

9.87

5.00

• • • •

■ • • •

50.00

• • • ■

• • ■ ■

50.00

• • • •

• > • •

12.00

45.00

3.70

■ • ■ •

16.00

■ • • •

• ■ •• •

14.00

• • • ■

■ ■ ■ ■

13.00

• • • •

• • ■ •

11.00

• • > •

5.00

10.00

1.03

2.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• ■ • *

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.88

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.03

4.00

8.00

• ■ • •

4.00

7.00

5.76

7.00

7.00

4.12

S.OO

7.00

4.12

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

3.00

8.23

4.00

• • • •

15.63

• ■ ■ •

• • • •

9.04

• • ■ ■

• • • •

■ ■ ■ •

50.00

• • ■ ■

50.00

• • • •

■ • • ■

12.00

46

The BuLLETiiSr.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Farmers Guano Works, Dillard, Ga. —

High Grade Dissolved Acid 16 Per Cent

High Grade Compost Mixture

High Grade Corn Grower

Special for Wheat

Mack's Special Double Potash Formula

Special for Corn

Small Grain Compound

Special Mixture for Potatoes

High Grade Vegetable Compound. . . . ;

Oats Special Mixture

Nitrate of Soda

Sulphate Potash

Muriate Potash

Farmville Oil and Fertilizer Co., Farmville, N. C. —
Chamblee & Sons H. G. for Tobacco

Federal Chemical Co., ColumMa, Tenn. —

Tennessee Brown Phosphate Rock Total

Fremont Oil Mills, Fremont, N. C. —

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Fremont High Grade Bone and Potash

S. H. & Co.'s 8-4-4

Fremont High Grade Guano

8-3-5 Compound

Fremont Oil Mill Co.'s Special Tobacco

Nahuuta Special

S. H. & Co.'s 8-3-3

Square Deal

Up-to-date

F. O. M. Co. Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Kainit

General Manufacturing Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Acid Phosphate

Acid Phosphate

Potash and Soluble Bone

Potash and Soluble Bone

Potash and Soluble Bone

Potash and Soluble Bone

Potash and Soluble Bone ,

H. G. Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Manure Substitute

Organic Cotton Grower

Big Crop Grower

Special Peanut Grower

Royal Crop Grower

Special Peanut Grower

Royal Crop Grower

Blood, Bone and Potash

Special 7 Per Cent Trucker

Special Potato Grower

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

16.00

13.00

....

7.00

12.00

.82

5.00

12.00

• * < •

5.00

11.00

1.65

6.00

10.00

1.65

4.00

10.00

....

4.00

8.00

.82

7.00

8.00

• • * >

6.00

8.00

• • • •

5.00

15.00

50.6o

• > • •

• • ■ •

50.00

8.00

29%

2.47

5.00

16.00

• • • •

• . > ■

10.00

■ • ■ •

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

8.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

3.00

7.40

5.00

• • • •

14.85

' , , , .

• • < ■

■ • • ■

48.00

■ • • «

• • • •

48.00

• • • ■

• « • •

12.00

16.00

, ,

. . > >

14.00

, ,

■ > • •

12.00

, ,

5.00

12.00

, ,

3.00

10.00

5.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

2.00

8.00

3.2^

5 4.00

8.00

3.2?

i 4.00

8.00

2.4(

5 3.00

8.00

1.61

) 2.00

8.00

1.0^

} 4.00

8.00

1.0.-

} 4.00

8.00

1.0(

) 4.00

8.00

1.0(

) 4.00

7.00

4.1(

) 8.00

6.00

5.7^

t 5.00

6.00

4.1(

) 7.00

The Bulletin,

47

Name and Address of Manufactiu-er and Name of Brand.

Virginia Trucker

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Kainit

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

6.00

3.38
15.23

4.00
50.00

. • . •

....

12.00

General Manitfacturing Co., Norfolk, Va., and Neio
Bern, N. C. —

Acid

Georgia Chemical Works, Augusta, Ga. —

High Grade Dissolved Bone Phosphate

Extra Dissolved Bone Phosphate

Dissolved Bone Phosphate

Georgia Bone and Potash

12 Per Cent Dissolved Bone Phosphate

High Grade XX Acid Phosphate with Potash .

Bone and Potash

Carolina Special Cotton Grower

Mascot Blood and Bone Guano

Bumper Tobacco Grower

Good as Gold Guano

Gem Crop Grower

Georgia Belle Compound .....'.

Cardinal High Grade

Intensive Formula

Golden Leaf Special Tobacco Compound

Three Oaks High Grade Guano

Thunderbolt Tobacco Special

Georgia Formula

XXX Meal Mixture

Georgia Special Tobacco

Georgia Special Wheat and Corn Grower ....

Acid Phosphate with 4 Per Cent Potash

Nitrate of Soda

Cotton-seed Meal

Muriate of Potash -.

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit '

16.00

...

. > * •

14.00

• • • ■

13.00

• • • •

12.00

6.00

12.00

. . . .

10.00

4.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

2.47 4.00

9.00

2.4^

3.00

9.00

1.85 4.00

9.00

1.65 3.00

9.00 •

1.65 2.00

9.00

.85

! 2.00

8.00

3.2C

» 4.00

8.00

2.41

3.00

8.00

2.41

3.00

8.00

2.41

2.00

8.00

2.0€

i 3.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

IM

> 2.00

8.00

1.6c

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

14.82
6.1S

4.00

48.00
48.00
12.00

Griffith & Boyd Co., Baltimore, Md. —

High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate.

Grower's Favorite

Farmers' Potato Manure

Fish, Bone, and Potash

7 Per Cent Guano

Hadleg, Harris d Co., Inc., Wilson, N. C. —

Golden Weed Tobacco Grower

Hadley Boss Guano

Daisy Fish Mixture

Harris' Java Tobacco Guano

Harris' Electric Top Dresser

Hampton Guano. Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Ground Bone Total

Supreme Acid Phosphate

Hampton Acid Phosphate

16.00

• > > •

• • . .

8.00

3.30

4.00

S.OO

.82

9.00

7.25

1.50

3.00

5.00

5.75

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.26

2.50

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

3.30

7.00

2.00

8.22

3.00

20.00

3.70

16.00

• • . •

14.00

* • • •

• > ■ •

48

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Hampton 12-5 Bone and Potash

Hampton Bone and Potash Mixture

Hampton Crop Grower

Dauntless Potash Mixture

Arlington Animal Bone Fertilizer

Alpha Crop Grower

Hampton H. G. Tobacco Grower

Little's Favorite Crop Grower.

Hampton Tobacco Guano

P. P. P. Princess Prolific Producer

Extra Tobacco Guano

Shirley Superphosphate

Hampton Special Grain and Peanut Fertilizer

Excelsior Bone and Potash

Reliance Truck Guano

Virginia Truck Grower

Hampton 10 Per Cent Truck Grower

Hampton Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Dry Ground Fish

Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash ,

Genuine German Kainit

ft

S. B. Harrell & Co., Inc., Norfolk, Va.—

Harrell's Acid Phosphate

Harrell's Eclipse

Harrell's Champion Cotton and Peanut

Grower

Harrell's Truck Guano

Home Fertilizer and Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Eclipse Dissolved Phosphate

Home High Grade Acid Phosphate

Home Dissolved Animal Bone

Gilt Edge Crop Grower

Eclipse Blood, Beef and Bone

Plome Bone and Potash

Home Alkaline Bone

Home Ammoniated Bone

Home B. G. Ammoniated Compound

Everybody's Fertilizer

Home Standard Guano

Eclipse Dissolved Bone and Potash

Riosa Tobacco Compound

Special C. <& C. Compound

Yancey's Formula for Yellow Leaf Tobacco.

Phoenix Crop Grower

Home Potato Special

Matchless Guano

Home Cereal Fertilizer

Ammoniated Bone Manure

Farmer's Choice

Trucker's Special Compound

Home Vegetable Fertilizer

Eclipse Ammoniated Compound

Home Potato Grower

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potasli.

Acid.

12.00

• • • •

5.00

11.00

. . . •

2.00

10.00

. . . •

4.00

10.00

2.00

9.0O

1.85

4.00

8.50

2.06

2.50

S.OO

3.29

4.00

8.00

8.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

8.00

....

4.00

7.00

4.11

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

5.00

8.23

3.00

4.00

8.23

15.00

8.23

2.00

7.41

3.66
49.00

48.00

12.00

14.00

9.00

2.26

2.o6

8.00

1.65

2.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

16.00

14.00

....

....

12.00

1.65

....

10.00

1.65

4.00

10.00

1.23

3.00

10.00

5.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

.82

5.00

9.00

.82

2.00

S.OO

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.48

4.00

8.00

2.4S

3.00

8.00

2.48

3.00

8.00

2.48

2.00

8.00

2.48

2.00

S.OO

1.65

10.00

S.OO

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

1.65

5.00

7.00

.82

4.00

6.00

- 5.77

5.00

6.00

4.12

6.00

6.00

3.30

10.00

6.00

3.30

4.00

The Bulletin.

49

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Cerealite Top Dressing

Home Fertilizer

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

German Kainit

Avail
Phos
Acid

The Hvhbard

Hubbard'

Hubbai'd'

Hubbard'

Hubbard

Hubbard'

Hubbard'

Hubbard'

Hubbard'

Hubbard

Hubbard'

Hubbard'

Hubbard'

Pure Ger

The Imperia

Imperia
Imperia
phate
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia
Imperia

Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md.

s 16 Per Cent Phosphate ....
s 14 Per Cent Phosphate ....
s Special Mixture 10 and 4. .

s B. and P. 10 and 2

s Noxall

s Royal Ensign

s Yellow Wrapper

s Fisli Compound

s Exchange Guano

s Southern Leader

s 5 Per Cent Roj^al Seal

s New Process Top Dresser . .
man Kainit

Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Oround Bone Total

High Grade Tennessee Acid Phos-

High Grade Acid Phosphate . . .'

Special Potash Mixture

Catawba Wheat Grower

Carolina Wheat Mixture

Virginia Grain Mixture

Bone and Potash

Martin County Special Crop Grower

Crop Grower

Snowflake Cotton Grower

Tobacco Grower

Robeson County Special

X. L. O. Cotton Guano

Tobacco Guano

Yellow Bark Sweet Potato Guano. .

Pee Dee Cotton Grower

F. and B. Cotton Guano

Bright Tobacco Guano

Tennessee Tobacco Guano

Peanut Guano

Cotton Grower

Champion Guano

Peanut and Corn Guano

Cisco Soluble Guano

Standard Premium Guano

Ammoniated Guano

Fish and Bone Grain Grower

Yadkin Wheat Grower

7-7-7 Potato Guano

High Grade Irish Potato Guano. . . .

Dawson's Cotton Grower

Roanoke Crop Grower

Nitrogen.

Potash.

20.62

....

14.85

• • • >

■ 7.43

3.00

5.77

7.00

....

50.00

....

48.00

....

12.00

16.00

, ,

• • • •

14.00

, ,

. . . >

10.00

, ,

4.00

10.00

, ,

2.00

8.00

3.28 4.00

8.00

2.46 4.00

8.00

2.46 3.00

8.00

1.64 3.00

8.00

1.64 2.00

7.00

3.28 5.00

6.00

4.10 5.00

....

7.51 3.50

12.40

20.00

3.70

16.00

14.00

, ,

• * • •

12.00

, ^

5.00

10.00

, ,

4.00

10.00

, ,

3.00

10.00

, ,

2.00

10.00

, ,

2.00

9.00

2.2f

) 2.00

9.00

1.6j

) 4.00

8.00

3.2f

) 4.00

8.00

3.2J

) 4.00

8.00

2.4^

r 4.00

8.00

2.4'

3.00

8.00

2.4'

r 3.00

8.00

2.4'

r 3.00

8.00

2.4'

I 3.00

8.00

2.0(

5 3.00

8.00

2.0(

5 3.00

8.00

1.61

) 8.00

8.00

i.m

5 4.00

8.00

1.6f

5 2.00

8.00

1.61

5 2.00

8.00

1.61

5 2.00

8.00

1.61

) 2.00

8.00

1.6f

) 2.00

8.00

1.0(

) 4.00

8.00

.8i

I 4.00

8.00

4.00

7.00

5.7(

5 7.00

7.00

4.1]

L 8.00

7.00

2.6'

r 2.75

7.00

2.4'

I 2.00

50

The Bulletin,

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Imperial Asparagus Mixture

Imperial 5-6-7 Potato Guano

Imi)erial Williams' Special -Potato Guano. . . .

Imperial Fish and Bone

Imperial Sweet Potato .Guano

Imperial 10 Per Cent Guano

Imperial Ammonia Top Dresser for Spinaeh.
Imperial Special 7 Per Cent for Potatoes....
Imperial Eastern Shore Sweet Potato Special

Imperial Special Tobacco Guano

Imperial Top Dresser for Cotton

Imperial Laughinghouse Special Tobacco

Guano

Imperial Conetoe Cotton Grower

Imperial Cubanola Tobacco Guano

Imperial Nitrate of Soda

Imperial Top Dresser

Imperial Dry Ground Fish

Imperial Muriate of Potash

Imperial Sulphate of Potash

Imperial Genuine German Kalnit

N. B. Josey Guano Co., Tarhoro, 2V. C. —

Josey's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Josey's Bone and Potash

Josey's Truck Guano

Josey's Big Yield Guano

Josey's S-4-4 C. S. Meal and Fish Scrap Guano

Josey's Special Tobacco Guano

Josey's Tip Top O. S. Meal and Fish Scrap

Guano

Josey's Bright Leaf Tobacco Guano

Josey's "U No" Guano

Josey's Quick Step Tobacco Guano

Josey's Favorite C. S,'Meal and Fish Scrap

Guano :

Josey's C. S. Meal Guano

Josey's Potato Guano

Josey's ("Big Four") C. S. M. and F. S. Guano

Josey's Peanut Guano

Josey's Elite Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Josey's Top Dresser '

Cotton-seed Meal

Muriate of Potash

Manure Salts

Genuine German Kainit

Lister's AgHctiltiiral Chemical Works, Neivark, N. J.-
Lister's LI. G. Phosphoric Acid Phosphate. . . .

Lister's Buyers' Choice Acid Phosphate

Lister's Phosphoric Acid and Phosphate

Lister's Dissolved Phosphate and Potash

Lister's Carolina Bright for Tobacco

Lister's Standard Pure Bone Superphosphate

of Lime

Lister's Complete Manure

Avail.
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

6.00

4.94

7.00

6.00

4.11

7.00

6.00

4.11

5.00

G.OO

3.29

4.00

6.00

1.65

6.00

5.00

8.23

2.50

5.00

8.23

5.00

5.76

5.00

5.00

3.29

9.00

5.00

3.29

9.00

4.00

8.23

2.00

4.00

3.29

6.00

4.00

3.29

4.00

4.00

2.47
15.00

5.00

• • . .

7.40

3.00

8.23

49.06
48.00

....

....

12.00

16.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

8.00

4.10

5.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.05

2.50

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

5.77

7.00

6.00

3.30

4.00

5.50

1.23

5.50

3.00

7.42
15.50

4.00

> > * •

7.42

4.00

....

6.19

48.00
20.00
12.00

16.00

14.00

• . • •

• ■ • •

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

> > * .

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

The Bulletin.

51

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Lister's Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Lister's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phos-
phate

Lister's Success Fertilizer

John F. McNair, Laurinburg, N. C. —

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

McNair Phosphate Co., Laurinhurg, N. C. —

Rob Roy

Sodash

T/te MacMurphy Co., Charleston, 8. C. — •

High Grade Acid Phosphate, 14 Per Cent ....

Acid Plios^)hate

Acid Phosphate and Potash

Acid Phosphate and Potash

Acid Phosphate and Potash

Acid Pliosphate and Potash

Acid Phosphate and Potash

Wilcox & Gibbs Co.'s Manipulated Guano. . . .

Special 8-4-6 Guano

Special 8-4-4 Cotton Guano

Special 8-4-4 Tobacco Guano

Special 8-3-4 Tobacco Guano

Special 8-3-3 Cotton and Corn

Special 8-3-3 Tobacco Guano

Standard 8-21/2-I Cotton Guano

Special 8-2-2 Cotton Guano

Special 9.25-2-2 Cotton and Corn Guano

]Vitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

The Mapes Formula and Peruvian Guano Co.,
Newark, N. J. —

Mapes' Complete Manure, "A" Brand

Mapes' Corn Manure

Mapes' Vegetable or Complete Manure for

Light Soils

Mapes' Economical Potato Manure

Marietta Fertiliser Co., Atlanta, Ga.—

Marietta Blood and Bone Special

Marietta Beef Blood and Bone

Fertilizer, No. 83.5

5 Per Cent Trucker

Martin Fertiliser Co., Norfolk, Va., and New Bern,
N. C.~

Martin's Pure Ground Bone

'Martin's Raw Bone Meal

Martin's Acid Phosphate

Martin's Acid Phosphate

Martin's Pure Dissolved Animal Bone "

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

8.00

8.00
8.00

8.00
2.00

14.00

13.00

12.00

11.00

10.00

10.00

10.00

9.25

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

2.25

Nitrogen.

2.06

2.06
1.65

15.20

5.76
7.29

2.26
3.29
3.29
3.29
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.06
1.65
1.65
14.81

Potasli.

3.00

2.00
2.00

48.00
12.00

5.00
5.00

1.00
1.00
5.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
2.00

48.00
48.00

10.00

8.00

2.47
2.47

2.50
6.00

6.00
4.00

4.94
3.29

6.00

8.00

9.00
9.00
8.00
6.00

.82

.82

2.47

4.11

3.00
2.00
5.00
7.00

22.00

2.46

21.00

3.70

16.00

....

14.00

• • • • •

12.00

1.65

52

The BuLLETiisr.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Jennett's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone.

Jennett's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Tobacco Special

Martin's Cotton Special

Martin's Tobacco Compound

Johnson's High Grade

Martin's Dissolved Organic Compound

Martin's Corn and Cereal Special

Martin's High Grade Guano

Martin's Blood, Bone and Potash

Martin's Red Star Brand Fertilizer

Special Fertilizer

Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Mai-tin's Cotton Guano

Martin's Red Star Brand

Martin's Tobacco Special

Jennett's Cotton Guano

Martin's Blue Ribbon Brand Fertilizer

Martin's Bull Head Fertilizer

Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Privott's Favorite

Martin's Bull Head

Martin's Tobacco Special

Jennett's Slaughter House Mixture

Martin's Meal Mixture

Martin's Tobacco Special

Martin's Meal Mixture

Martin's Meal Mixture

Martin's Special Fertilizer

Martin's Cotton Guano

Privott's Special for Potatoes and Peanuts...

Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Martin's Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Martin's Animal Organic Compound

Martin's Slaughter House Special

Martin's Wheat Special

Martin's Carolina Special for Tobacco

Martin's Carolina Cotton

Martin's Corn and Cereal Special

Martin's Old Virginia Favorite

Jennett's Beef Blood and Bone

Martin's One Eight Four

Martin's Peanut Grower

Martin's Potash and Soluble Bone

Martin's Top Dresser

Martin's Red Star Brand Fertilizer

Abbott's Special

Martin's Gilt Edge Potato Manure

Martin's 7 Per Cent Guano

Martin's Animal Bone Potato Fertilizer

. Martin's Early Truck a;id Vegetable Grower.

Avail.

Phos. Nitrogen. Potasli.

Acid.

12.00

.

5.00

12.00

,

3.00

10.00

J

6.00

10.00

,

5.00

10.00

,

4.00

10.00

,

4.00

10.00

,

3.00

10.00

,

2.00

10.00

,

2.00

9.00

2.46 3.00

9.00

2.46 3.00

9.00

2.26 2.00

9.00

2.05 5.00

9.00

1.00 3.00

9.00

3.0O 2.00

S.75

1.65 2.00

s.oo

4.10 7.00

s.oo

4.10 5.00

s.oo

3.28 6.00

8.00

3.28 6.00

S.oo

3.28 4.00

s.oo

3.28 4.00

s.oo

3.28 4.00

s.oo

3.28 4.00

8.00

3.28 2.00

s.oo

2.46 S.OO

s.oo

2.46 5.00

s.oo

2.46 4.00

s.oo

2.46 3.00

8.00

2.46 3.00

8.00

2.46 3.00

.8.00

2.46 3.00

s.oo

2.06 5.00

s.oo

2.06 4.00

8.00

2.05 4.00

8.00

2.05 3.00

S.OO

2.05 1.00

S.OO

1.65 6.00

S.OO

1.65 5.00

8.00

1.65 3.00

S.OO

1.65 3.00

S.OO

1.65 2.00

S.OO

1.65 2.00

S.oo

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

S.OO

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.03 4.00

8.00

1.03 4.00

8.00

4.00

7.00

8.22 2.50

7.00

4.10 5.00

7.00

3.28 8.00

7.00

2.46 10.00

G.OO

5.74 5.00

6.00

4.10 7.00

6.00

3.28 8.00

The Bulletin.

53

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Knowles' Special 6.00

Martin's Top Dresser 5.00

Martin's Nitrate Soda

Martin's Muriate of Potash ....

Martin's Sulphate of Potash

Martin's Kainit

E. H. & J. A. Meadows Co., New Bern, N. C. —

Diamond Acid Phosphate IG.OO

Diamond Acid Phosphate 14.00

Meadows' Dissolved Bone and Potash Com-
pound 10.00

Meadows' Dissolved Bone and Potash Com-
pound 10.00

Meadows' Lobos Guano 8.00

Meadows' Ideal Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brooks' Special Tobacco Grower S.OO

Parker's Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Meadows' Gold Leaf Tobacco Guano S.OO

Meadows' Roanoke Guano 8.00

Meadows' All Crop Guano 8.00

Meadows' Cotton Guano 8.00

Meadows' Great Cabbage Guano 7.00

Meadows' Great Potato Guano ■ 7.00

Nitrate of Soda ....

Muriate of Potash ....

Sulphate of Potasli

Meadows' German KaLnit

The Miller Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Miller's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Miller's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Corn and Peanut Grower 10.50

Corn and Wheat Grower 10.50

The INIiller Fertilizer Co.'s 10 and 4 Per Cent. 10.00

Clinch 10.00

Trucker S.OO

No. 1 Potato and Vegetable Grower S.OO

Miller's Irish Potato 8.00

4 Per Cent Tobacco 8.00

Standard Phosphate 8.00

Tobacco King 8.00

Miller's High Grade 8.00

Special Tobacco Grower S.OO

Potato and Vegetable Guano 8.00

Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 8.00

Farmer's Profit 8.00

Miller's S and 4 8.00

High Grade Potato 6.00

Special 4.00

Nitrate of Soda ....

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Ammonia

Navassa Guano Co., Wilmington, N. C. —

Navassa Piedmont Wheat Grower 10.00

Nitrogen. Potasti.

3.28

6.00

8.23

2.50

15.23

. • > >

• . ■ •

50.00

• • • •

48.00

48.00

5.00

• • • •

4.00

4.11

5.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.05

3.00

2.05

2.50

1.65

2.00

5.76

7.00

4.11

8.00

15.50

....

■ > > *

50.00

• • • ■

50.00

• • * *

12.40

2.25

2.25

....

4.00

....

2.00

4.12

5.00

3.71

7.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

• . . .

4.00

4.12

7.00

6.58

3.00

15.05

* * . ■

• > > •

50.00

• . . •

48.00

2.00

54

The Bulleti?^^.

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

tiew Bern Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Mills, New
Bern, N. C—

Thomas Phosphate Total 18.00

Bone Meal Total 16.00

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Special Corn and Peanut Grower 11.00

High Grade Bone and Potash 10.00

Carteret Bone and Potash 10.00

Greene County Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Sparrow's Special Tobacco Grower 9.00

Oriole Tobacco Grower 8.00

Harvey's Special Meal and Fish Guano S.OO

Special C. S. M. Mixture 8.00

Foy's High Grade Fertilizer S.OO

Lenoir Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00

Pitt's Prolific Golden Tobacco Guano 8.00

Favorite Cotton Grower S.OO

Onslow's Farmers' Reliance Guano S.OO

Jones County Premium Crop Grower 8.00

Craven Cotton Guano 8.00

Greene County Standard Fertilizer S.OO

Dunn's Standard Tmck Grower 7.00

Ives' Irish Potato Guano 7.00

Eureka Tobacco Fertilizer 6.00

Hart's Special Tobacco Grower 6.00

Pamlico Electric Top Bresser 5.00

Wooten's Special Tobacco Guano 4.00

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Gi'ound Blocxl

Ground Tankage

Eureka Top Dresser

High Grade Fish Scrap

Cotton-seed Meal

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Nitrogen. Potash.

2.47

2.00
4.00
2.00
5.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
6.00
2.50
6.00

2.47
2.47
3.30
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.27
2^06
2.06
1.65
1.65
5.77
4.12
3.30
2.47
8.25
3.30
20.62
15.67
13.20
9.00
8.25
8.25
6.18

3.00

50.00
48.00
12.00

Nitrate Agencies Co., Neiv YorJc, Baltimore, Sa-
vannah, Charleston, and Norfolk — •

Acid Phosphate

Basic Slag Total

Ground Fish

Nitrate of Soda

Ground Dried Blood

Ground Tankage

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Kainit

Norfolk Fertiliser Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Ground Bone Total

Oriana 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Whitney H. G. Acid Phosphate

Oriana 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Oriana Wheat Grower

16.00

• • • •

• • • •

14.00

■ • > •

• > > •

7.00

9.35
15.00
13.16

9.04

48.00
47.00

12.00

20.00

3.70

16.00

■ > > •

. . . •

10.00

■ > > •

....

14.00

• • < ■

. . . •

10.00

• • • •

4.00

The Bulletin.

55

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Shenandoah Wheat Mixture

Young's Grain Grower

Oriana Bone and Potash

Oriaua C. S. M. Special

Oriana Complete Fertilizer

Oi'iana First Step Tobacco Guano

Oriana Tobacco Guano

Oriana for Cotton

Oriana Bright Leaf Guano

Oriana Cotton Guano

Oriana Crop Grower

Mayodan Valley Wlieat Grower

Oriana Special Mixture

Oriana Truck Giiano

Pine Top Special Crop Grower

Nitrate of Soda Mixture for Top Dressing

Cotton

Oriana High Grade Tobacco Guano

Nitrate of Soda

Dry Ground Fish

Norfolk Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Norfolk Talloiv Co., Norfolk, Va.^

Natalco Ground Bone

North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte, N. C. —

Dixie Standard

Majestic

North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Henderson, N. C.

Special Mixture W. F. Marsh, Jr

Pride of Vance Tobacco Fertilizer

Uneedit Tobacco Fertilizer

Henderson Tobacco Fertilizer

Franklin Tobacco Fertilizer

Currin's Special for Tobacco

Two in One

Sulpliate of Potash Brand Tobacco Guano...

Henderson High Grade

McKinne Mixture

Henderson Standard Guano

Brewer's Special

American Pet

Henderson Cotton Grower ,

Franklin Cotton Grower

Uneedit Cotton Grower

Vance Cotton Grower

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Raleigh, N. C. —

Raleigh Special Guano

Raleigh Standard Guano

Avail.
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

10.00

• ■ ■ •

3.00

10.00

• • ■ •

2.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00,

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

6.00

4.11

5.00

5.00

5.76

5.00

5.00

1.65

6.00

4.00

8.23

2.00

4.00

3.29

6.00

15.00

• • • •

■ • • •

8.23

■ • • ■

• • • ■

7.40

3.00

• • • •

• • • ■

49.00

. . • •

• • • •

48.00

• • • •

• • • ■

12.00

8.00

2.45

8.00

2.48

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.28

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.26

3.25

8.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

• • • •

14.80

■ • . >

• • ■ •

• • • •

50.00

48.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.26

2.00

56

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Wilmington, N. C. —

High Grade Acid Ptiosphate

Wilmington Bone and Potash . ,

Pate's High Grade -

Cockrell & Williams' Cotton Grower

Wilmington Mortgage Lifter

Wilmington's Pride

Wilmington's Truck Grower

Bullock's High Grade

Wilmington's Full Value

Wilmington Tobacco Grower

Wilmington Fruit Grower .....'.

Best Tobacco Grower

John's Special

Bullock's Cotton Grower

Wilmington Farmer Boy

Wilmington High Grade

Wilmington Leader

Clute's Cotton Grower

L. P. B. Special

Carter's Lifter

Lewis's Special

Cooper's Special

The Stone Company Special

Wilmington Standard

Pate's Special

Currie's Crop Grower

Wilmington Banner

Clark's Special

Maultsby's Cotton Grower

Wilmington Cotton Grower

Wilmington Special

Wilmington Cotton Mixture

High Grade Tobacco '.

Wilmington Headlight

Wilmington High Grade Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Blood

H. G. Ground Tankage

Wilmington Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Kainit

G. Oher & Sons Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Ober's High Grade Acid Phosphate

Ober's Dissolved Bone Phosphate

Ober's Standard Potash Compound

Ober's Dissolved Animal Bone

Ober's Acid Phosphate with Potash

Ober's Dissolved Bone, Phosphate and Potash

Ober's Special High Grade Fertilizer

Ober's Special Ammoniated Dissolved Bone..

Ober's Farmers' Mixture

Ober's H. G. Fertilizer

Ober's Complete Guano for All Crops

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

16.00

10.00

• • ■ ■

4.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.27

2.00

9.00

2.27

7.00

8.00

4.12

7.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

8.00

2.47

7.50

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.47

2.00

8.00

2.06

4.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

2.47

5.00

6.00

3.30

10.00

6.00

3.30

8.00

4.50

7.40

3.00

• • • •

19.68

• • • •

• • < >

14.80

• • • •

• • • •

13.12

• • • •

• ■ • •

8.20

• • • •

• • • •

7.40

3.00

• • • •

• • • •

50.00

• ■ . •

• . . •

48.00

• • • ■

• • * •

12.00

21.00

3.71

16.00

14.00

• • > •

• ■ ■ ■

12.00

• • ■ •

5.00

10.00

2.47

• • • •

10.00

> • • •

4.00

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

The Bulletin!

57

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Ober's Special Compouud for Tobacco

Cooper's Puugo

Ober's Standard Tobacco Fertilizer

Ober's Special Cotton Compound

Ober's Soluble Ammoniated Superphosphate of

Lime

Ober's Stag Guano

Ober's Acid Phosphate with Potash

Ground Fish

Ober's Complete Vegetable Fertilizer

Red Seal Special Tobacco Guano

Ober's Special Tobacco Bed Fertilizer, 10 Per

Cent

Nitrate of Soda

Ground Blood

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Kainit

Pan-American Fertilizer Co., JSlorfolk, Va. — •

Pan
Pan
Pan-
Pan-
Pan-
Pan
Pan-
Pan-
Pan-
Pan-
Pan-
Pan-
Pan-
Pan-

American
■American
•American
-American
American
American
American
American
American
American
American
American
American
American

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate.

10 and 2

Favorite Compound

Special Cotton Grower

Universal Phosphate

Special

6 Per Cent Trucker

P. Trucker

Universal Trucker

Carolina Trucker

Dixie Standard

Tip Top Dresser

Potato and Truck Special . . .
Universal Top Dresser

Patapsco Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Patapsco Pure Raw Bone Total

Florida Soluble Phosphate

Patapsco Pure Dissolved S. C. Phosphate

Patapsco High Grade Phosphate and Potash . .

Baltimore Soluble Phosphate

Patapsco 10 and 4 Potash Mixture

Patapsco Soluble Phosphate and Potash

Patapsco Guano for Tobacco

Patapsco Guano

Patapsco Tobacco Fertilizer

Patapsco Bright Tobacco Grower

Patapsco Cotton and Corn Special

Patapsco Cotton Growers' Special

Coon Brand Guano

Patapsco Cotton and Tobacco Special

Patapsco Plant Food for Tobacco, Potatoes

and Truck

Patapsco Gold Leaf C. S. M. MLxture

, Choctaw Guano

Patapsco H. G. Tobacco Special

Patapsco Special Tobacco Mixture

Unicorn Guano

Planters Favorite

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

s.oo

• • . .

4.00

7.30

9.00

....

7.00

4.12

5.00

G.OO

2.47

7.00

4.00

8.25
15.50
13.00

3.00

48.66
48.00
12.00

16.00

10.00

■ > > •

2.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

5.76

5.00

7.00

4.94

5.00

6.00

5.76

6.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

6.00

4.11

7.00

6.00

4.11

5.00

5.00

8.23

2.00

5.00

5.76

5.00

3.00

8.23

4.00

21.51

3.70

16.00

• • ■ •

....

14.00

....

ll.OO

5.00

11.00

2.00

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

• > • •

2.00

9.25

2.06

2.00

9.25

2.06

2.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.06

5.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

.82

3.00

S.OO

3.29

4.00

8.00

' 2.47

5.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

58

The Bulletin,

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Grange Mixture, C. S. M. Base 8.00

Sea Gull Ammouiatecl Guano 8.00

Patapsco 7-7-7 Truck Guano 7.00

Patapsco Trucker for Early Vegetables 7.00

Money Maker Guano 7.00

Dry Ground Fish Total 6.00

Patapsco Potato Guano 6.00

Patapsco Crop Dresser 4.00

Nitrate of Soda

Patapsco Top Dresser ....

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Peruvian Guano Corporation, Charleston, S. C. —

Peruvian Sulphate Tobacco Formula 10.00

The Phosphate Mining Co., Goronah, Ga. —

"Supreme" Acid Phosphate 18.00

Acid Phosphate 17.00

"Superfine" Acid Phosphate 16.00

Acid Phosphate ' 15.00

"Superior" Acid Phosphate 14.00

Acid Phosphate 13-00

Acid Phosphate 12.00

Piedmont-Mount Airy Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. — "

Piedmont Bone Meal Total 21.00

Piedmont 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Piedmont 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Piedmont Special Potash Mixture 10.00

Levering's Potashed Bone 10.00

Piedmont Farmers' Potash Mixture 10.00

Piedmont Farmers' Standard 9.00

Piedmont Essential Tobacco Compound 9.00

Levering's Ammoniated Bone 9.0O

Piedmont Unexcelled Guano 8.00

Piedmont Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Piedmont High Grade Ammoniated Bone and

Potash 8.00

Levering's Reliable Tobacco Guano S.OO

Piedmont Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Piedmont Guano for All Crops 8.00

Levering's Standard 8.00

Piedmont Bone and Peruvian Mixture 8.00

Piedmont Cultivator Brand S.OO

Piedmont Red Leaf Tobacco Guano S.OO

Piedmont Farmers' Favorite S.OO

Piedmont Star Bone and Potash S.OO

Piedmont 7-7-7 Truck Guano 7.00

Piedmont Special Truck Fertilizer 6.00

Piedmont Special Potato Guano 6.00

Piedmont Early A^egetable Manure 6.00

Piedmont Early Trucker 6.00

Piedmont Vegetable Compound 6.00

Piedmont 7 Per Cent Truck Guano 5.00

Piedmont Potato Producer 5.00

Nitrate of Soda • • ■ •

Nitrogen.

Potash.

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

5.76

7.00

4.11

5.00

3.70

6.00

8.23

4.11

7.00

3.29

4.00

15.00

> > < •

7.41

3.00

• • • ■

49.00

■ > • •

12.00

1.65

3.29

S.OO

. . . .

5.00

4.00

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

3.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

4.00

• • * •

5.00

5.76

7.00

5.76

5.00

4.94

7.00

4.12

7.00

4.12

5.00

3.29

S.OO

5.76

5.00

2.47

6.00

15.23

• • • •

The Bulletin.

59

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Boykin's Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

German Kainit

Planters Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Co., Rocly
Mount, N. C. —

Acid Plaospbate

Royal Cottou Grower

J. P. D. Special

Gorham H. G

Robertson's Tobacco Compound

Tar River Special

Planters' C. S. Oil Co.'s Tobacco Guano

Break's Corn- Special

Planters' Pride for Cotton

Planters' C. S. Oil Co.'s Cotton Guano

Planters' Peanut Mixture

Planters' Special Potato Guano

Braswell's Excelsior

E. L. D. Special

Braswell's Special for Tobacc<i

Planters' Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Ground Fish Scrap

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash . . -.

Genuine German Kainit

Pocahontas Guano Co., Lyncliburg, Va. —

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Carrington's S. C. Phosphate, Waukesha

Brand

Imperial Dissolved S. C. Phosphate

Indian Special Grain and Grass Guano

Special Potash Mixture

Wabash Wheat Mixture

Carrington's Superior Grain Compound

Pocahontas Special Tobacco Fertilizer

High Grade 4 Per Cent Tobacco Compound

Mohawk King

Yellow Tobacco Special

Standard Tobacco Guano, Old Chief Brand. . .

Planters' Special

Indian Tobacco Grower

Farmers' Favorite Apex Brand

Special Truck Grower, Eagle Mount Brand. . .

Spot Cash Tobacco Compound

Truckers' Special

Carrington's Banner Brand Guano

A. A. Complete Champion Brand

, Cherokee Grain Special

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Avail
Phos,
Acid

Nitrogen. Potash.

.41

22.00

3.71

3.00
50.00
48.00
12.00

IG.OO

....

. . . .

9.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

3.29

5.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

7.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

s.oo

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.21

5.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

7.00

3.29

6.00

7.00

2.47

3.00

7.00

2.26

3.50

3.50

7.82

3.00

15.00

> • ■ ■

. . . .

8.23

....

....

> > . •

50.00

48.00
12.00

16.00

• . ■ •

> • • •

14.00

• • . ■

12.00

5.00

10.00

5.00

10.00

4.00

. . . .

10.00

2.00

. . . .

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

.82-

2.00

S.OO

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.06

6.00

s.oo

2.05

3.00

8.00

1.65

6.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.00

3.00

8.00

15.00

4.00

49.00

48.00

....

• • * •

12.00

60

The Bulletin.

AvaiL

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

The Pocomoke Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Ground Bone Total 20.00

Superb Acid Phosphate 16.00

Peerless Acid Phosphate 14.00

Pocomoke 12-5 Bone and Potash 12.00

Alkali Bone 11.00

Pocomoke Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

10-2 Potash Mixture 10.00

Monticello Animal Bone Fertilizer 9.00

Cinco Tobacco Guano 8.50

Pocomoke Superphosphate 8.50

Electric Crop Grower 8.50

Garrett's Grape Grower 8.00

Faultless Ammoniated Superphosphate 8.00

Pocomoke H. G. Tobacco Guano 8.00

Monarch Tobacco Grower 8.00

Harvey's High Grade Monarch 8.00

Pocomoke Sweet Potato Grower 8.00

CCC Crescent Complete Compound S.OO

Pamlico Superphosphate S.OO

Pocomoke Wheat, Com and Peanut Manure. . 8.00

Pocomoke Defiance Bone and Potash 8.00

Pocomoke Truck Grower 5 Per Cent 7.00

Standard Truck Guano 7.00

Seaboard Popular Trucker 6.00

Freeman's 7 Per Cent Irish Potato Grower. . . 6.00

Coast Line Truck Guano 5.00

Pocomoke Top Dresser 4.00

Smith's Special Formula 4.00

Nitrate of Soda

Dry Ground Fish

Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Poivhatan Chemical Co., Richmond, Va. —

Pure Animal Bone Total 25.00

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total 22.50

Magic Dissolved Bone Phosphate 16.00

High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Powhatan Acid Phosphate 13.00

Magic Corn Special 12.00

Magic Wheat Special ' 12.00

High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Virginia Dissolved Bone 12.00

Magic Corn Grower 10.00

Magic Crop Grower 10.00

Magic Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Austin's Special Fertilizer 9.00

Guilford's Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Railing's Special Fertilizer 9.00

Economic Cotton Grower 9.00

Johnson's Best Fertilizer 9.00

Holt's Magic Fertilizer 9.00

Union Magic Fertilizer 9.00

North Carolina Favorite 9.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

3.70

5.00'
2.00
4.00
2.00
4.00
2.50
2.00
2.00
10.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
4.00
4.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
3.00
2.00
6.00

1.85
2.06
1.65
1.65
3.29
3.29
3.29
2.47
2.47
2.47
1.65
1.65
1.00

4.11
4.11
5.76
5.76
8.23
8.23
3.29
15.00
8.23
7.41

2.47
3.70

1.00
1.00

.82
.82

2.47
2.47
2.47
2.26
2.06
2.06
1.85
1.65

3.00
49.00

48.00
12.00

2.00
2.00
5.00

1.00
1.00
4.00
2.00
6.00
6.00
2.00
2.00
5.00
5.00
4.00
3.00

The Bulletin.

61

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Powhatan Special Fertilizer

Magic Mixture

Powhatan Grain Guano

Magic Wheat Grower

King Trucker

Toiiilinson's Best Fertilizer

Copelaxicl's Magic Fertilizer

Powhatan Special Tobacco Fertilizer

North State Special

Tomlinson's Favorite Fertilizer

Special Fertilizer

Tomlinson's Magic Fertilizer

Tomlinson's Special Fertilizer

Magic Fertilizer

P. C. Co.'s Hustler

Johnson's Special Fertilizer

King Brand Fertilizer

White Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer

Powhatan Peanut Fertilizer

Magic Cotton Grower

Magic Special Fertilizer

Magic Tobacco Grower

Magic Peanut Special

Magic Grain Special

Magic Peanut Grower

Magic Grain and Grass Grower

Powhatan Bone and Potash Mixture

Powhatan Trucker

Copeland's Best Fertilizer

Copeland's Special Fertilizer

Allen's Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Powhatan Top Dresser

Magic Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Tomlinson Nitrate Muriate Special

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

High Grade German Potash

Pure German Kainit

Rasin-Monicmental Co., Baltimore, Md. —

Rasin 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Basin Acid Phosphate

Rasiii 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Rasin H. G. Bone and Potash

Basin's Big 10 • .• . .

Rasin Seawall Alkaline Phosphate

Rasin Special Bone and Potash

Basin's Double Bone and Potash

Rasin Bone and Potash

Basin's Nine-Three-Three Guano

Rasin's Dixie Cotton Guano

Rasin Dixie Guano

' Rasin's IXL (Cotton-seed Meal Body)

Baltimore Special Mixture

Rasin's DLxie H. G. Guano

Rasin's Seawall Special Guano

Aval

I.

Phos

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid

9.00 1.65

2.00

9.00 1.65

1.00

9.00 .82

3.00

9.00 .82

2.00

8.00 4.11

5.00

8.00 3.70

7.00

8.00 3.29

8.00

S.OO 3.29

6.00

8.00 3.29

4.00

8.00 2.88

5.00

8.00 2.47

7.00

8.00 2.47

7.00

8.00 2.47

5.00

8.00 2.47

4.00

8.00 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.06

3.00

8.00 2.06

3.00

8.00 1.65

4.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 1.65

2.00

8.00 .82

4.00

8.00 .82

4.00

8.00

4.00

8.00

4.00

8.00 .....

4.00

7.00 4.94

5.00

7.00 2.88

7.00

6.00 3.29

7.00

6.00 1.65

5.00

4.00 8.23

4.00

4.00 6.17

2.50

. . .

19.75

• • . •

15.63

■ • . •

9.87

5.00

50.00
48.00
16.00
12.00

16.0(

14.0(

' > > • •

* • . .

13.0{

f . • , «

12.0(

' > > . •

5.00

10.0(

) 3.29

4.00

10.0(

/ • • • •

6.00

10.0(

' ....

5.00

10.0(

' ...»

4.00

10.0(

' ■ . ■ •

2.00

9.0(

) 2.47

3.00

9.0(

) 2.26

2.00

9.0(

) 1.65

2.00

9.0C

) .82

3.00

9.0(

) .82

2.00

S.OC

) 3.29

4.00

S.OC

) 2.47

5.00

62

The Bulletin.

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Rasiu's Old Empire Guauo Special S.OO

Rasin's Complete Cotton Compound 8.00

Rasin's Indian Brand for Tobacco 8.00

Rasin Gold Standard 8.00

Rasin Special Fertilizer 8.00

Rasin's General Tobacco Grower S.OO

Rasin's Old Empire Guauo 8.00

Rasin's 8-4 Bone and Potash S.OO

Rasin Irish Potato Special 7.00

Rasin Truckers' Mixture 6.00

Nitrate of Soda ....

Muriate of Potash ....

Sulphate of Potash

Rasin Genuine German Kainit ....

Read Phosphate Co., Charleston, S. C. —

Read's H. G. Dissolved Bone 16.00

Read's H. G. Acid Phosphate 14.00

Read's Bone and Potash 10.00

Read's Alkaline Bone 10.00

Read's Manipulated Guano 9.00

Read's H. G. Cotton Guano S.OO

Read's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 8.00

Read's H. G. Guano 8.00

Read's H. G. Cotton Grower 8.00

Read's H. G. Tobacco Leaf S.OO

• Readis Soluble Fish Guano 8.00

Read's Blood and Bone Fertilizer, No. 1 8.00

Read's Special Potash Mixture • 8.00

Read's Fish and Blood Mixture 7.00

Nitrate of Soda • • • •

Muriate of Potash

German Kainit — .

Red Cross Guano Co., Lynchhurg, Va. —

Pure Raw Bone Meal. Total 22.00

Red Cross Bone Meal Total 22.00

Red Cross II. G. Phosphate 16.00

Red Cross Standard Phosphate 14.00

Red Cross Grain Grower 10.00

Red Cross Bone and Potash 10.00

Red Cross High Grade for Tobacco 9.00

Red Cross for Tobacco and Truck 9.00

Red Cross for Bright Tobacco 9.00

Red Cross Special for Tobacco S.OO

Red Cross Tobacco Guano • • 8.00

Red Cross Crop Grower 8.00

Red Cross Grain and Grass Special 8.00

Rhiim Phosphate Miming Co., Mount Pleasant, Pa. —

Ground Phosphate Rock Total 28.00

Richmond Guano Co., Richmond, Va. —

Pure Animal Bone Total 25.00

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total 22.50

Rex Dissolved Bone Phosphate 16.00

High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00.

2.06

3.00

i.a5

2.00

• < ■ •

4.00

3.29

S.OO

5.77

5.00

14.82

• • . •

. . . #

48.00

• • • •

48.00

• • • •

12.00

1.65
4.12
3.30
3.30
2.47
2.47
1.65
1.62

3.30
19.00

3.71
3.00

2.47
1.85
1.65
2.47
2.06
1.65
1.00

4.00
2.00
3.00
7.00
6.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
5.00

48.00
12.00

4.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
3.00

2.47
3.70

The Bulletin.

63

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Premium Bone and Potash Mixture 13.00

Premium Dissolved Bone 13.00 .

Premium Coru Special 12.00

Premium Wheat Special 12.00

» H. G. Boue and Potash Mixture 12.00

Resal Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Old Homestead Dissolved Bone 12.00

Dissolved S. C. Phosphate 12.00

Premium Corn Grower 10.00

Bone Mixture 10.00

Premium Crop Growler 10.00

Johnson's Best Bone and Potash 10.00

Rex Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Sanders' Special Formula for Bright Tobacco. 9.00

Collins' Special Fertilizer 9.00

Carolina Cotton Grower 9.00

Burton Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

C. & B.'s Best Fertilizer 9.00

Bumper Crop Ammoniated Guano 9.00

Lowery's Special Fertilizer 9.00

Cracker Jack Fertilizer 9.00

Bone Mixture 9.00

Tip Top Grain Guano 9.00

Premium Wheat Grower 9.00

Premium Crop Grower 9.00

Southern Trucker 8.00

Bone and Blood Special for Tobacco 8.00

Special E"'ertilizer 8.00

Perfection Special S.OO

Beeson's Best Fertilizer S.OO

Carolina Bright Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Gilt Edge Fertilizer S.OO

Gilt Edge Tobacco Fertilizer , 8.00

Carolina Bright Special Tobacco Fertilizer... S.OO

Tip Top Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Tip Top Fertilizer 8.00

Carolina Bright for Cotton S.OO

Special Premium Brand for Tobacco S.OO

Special Premium Brand for Plants S.OO

Beeson's Favorite Fertilizer 8.00

Beeson's Special Fertilizer 8.00

Rex Tobacco Fertilizer S.OO

Rex Ammoniated Crop Grower S.OO

Premium Cotton Fertilizer S.OO

Premium Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Premium Brand Fertilizer 8.00

Edgecombe Cotton Grower 8.00

Premium Grain Special 8.00

Premium Peanut Special S.OO

Premium Peanut Grower S.OO

Tip Top Bone and Potash Mixture 8.00

Winter Grain and Grass Grower S.OO

Clark's Special Formula T.OO

' Special High Grade for Truck 7.00

10 Per Cent Cabbage Guano 6.00

Smith's 7 Per Cent Special 6.00

Edwards' Prolific Cotton Grower 6.00

Nitrogen.

Potash.

....

3.00

1.00

2.00

1.00

2.00

5.00

....

4.00

".82

1.00

.82

1.00

.82

1.00

> > < •

5.00

. . . •

4.00

2.00

2,88

5.00

2.47

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

.82

2.00

4.11 -

5.00

3.29

6.00

3.29

6.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

10.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.26

2.. 50

2.06

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

1.50

1.85

2.25

1.85

2.25

1.65

10.00

1.65

6.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

4.00

.82

4.00

4.00

....

4.00

....

4.00

4.94

6.00

4.94

5.00

8.23

2.00

5.76

5.00

3.29

4.00

64

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Gilt Edge Top Dresser

Premium Top Dresser

Carter's Special for Tobacco .
Smith's Special Fertilizer . . .

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

High Grade German Potash.
Pure German Kainit

Robersonville Guano Co., Ro'bersonville, N. C-

Roberson's H. G. Acid Phosphate

Roberson's 4 Per Cent Special

Roberson's H. G. Tobacco Grower

Roberson's H. G. Meal and Fish Guano. .

Roberson's H. G. Cotton Grower

Roberson's Special 7-7-7 Potato Grower.

Roberson's H. G. Truck Guano

Roberson's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano. . . .

Robersonville H. G. Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Blood

Fish Scrap

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Roberson's Genuine German Kainit

Roheson Manufacturing Co., Lumljerton, N. C-

Eureka

Stanby

Gold Dollar

Globe C. S. M. Guano

Bladen Special

Silver Dollar

Cottonade

Robeson's Special

Homerun

The Robertson Fertiliser Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Robertson's Raw Bone Meal Total

Robertson's Fine Ground Bone Total

High Peak Acid Phosphate

Scepter Brand Acid Phosphate

P. M. C. Acid Phosphate

J. W. S. Special Bone and Potash Mixture. . .

J. W. S. Alkaline Bone

Skyscraper Bone and Potash

Level Run Dissolved Bone and Potash . :

Beaver Brand Soluble Guano

Robertson's Blood and Bone Mixture

P. M. C. High Grade Soluble Guano

Robertson's 5-6-7 Guano

Wood's Winner H. G. Guano

Robertson's Soluble H. G. Guano

Old Kentucky High Grade Tobacco Manure. .

Avail.

Phos. Nitrogen. Potash. '

Acid.

4.00 8.23

4.00

4.00 6.17

2.50

4.00 2.47

6.00

4.00 1.65

7.00

.... 1£

>.75

, . . . •

15.63

....

.... '

-.40

3.00

50.00
48.00

• • > • •

• ■ •

16.00

12.00

16.00

8.00 3.29

....

8.00 2.47

3.00

8.00 2.47

3.00

8.0O 2.47

3.00

7.00 5.77

7.00

7.00 4.12

5.00

6.00 5.77

5.00

4.00 !

3.23

4.00

20.50

....

15.60

....

13.62

....

• • . . (

3.00

....

50.00
48.00

12.00

10.00

3.3C

► 5.00

8.00

3.3C

1 4.00

8.00

3.3C

► 4.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.27 3.00

8.00

1.65 3.00

3.00

8.00 5.00

21.00

3.71

21.00

2.4'

•

16.00

. . . •

14.00

, ,

. . . >

13.00

, ,

. • . >

12.00

, ,

5.00

10.00

, ,

5.00

10.00

, ,

4.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

1.8J

5 4.00

9.00

1.0(

) 2.00

8.00

4.1i

I 7.00

8.00

4.V.

I 7.00

8.00

3.3(

) 4.00

S.OO

2.4'

r 4.00

8.00

2.4'

r 3.00

The Bulletin.

65

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Robertson's Special Formula for Tobacco....

Big Cropper High Grade Guano

Robertson's X-(T Ray) Tobacco Grower

Yellow Jacket Tobacco Guano

Double Dollar Tobacco Guano

Double Dollar Soluble Guano

Ten Strike Soluble Crop Grower

M. C. Special Bone and Potash Mixture

Robertson's 5 Per Cent Guano

Robertson's 7 Per Cent for Truck

Robertson's 10 Per Cent Truck Guano

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

F. 8. Royster Ouano Co., Norfolk, Va. —

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Arrow Brand Thomas Phosphate Total

Royster's H. G. 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. .
Royster's H. G. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate . .

Royster's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Royster's Dissolved Bone

Royster's 12 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Royster's XX Acid Phosphate

Royster's 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Royster's Cotton Special

Seminole High Grade Fertilizer

Royster's Soluble Guano

Haywood County Special Guano

Royster's 10 and 6 Bone and Potash Mixture.
Royster's 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture.
Royster's 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture.

Royster's Bone and Potash for Grain

Royster's Bone and Potash Mixture

Royster's 4-9-.5 Special

Tomlinson's Special

Royster's 9-3-4 Special

Surry Special Tobacco Grower

Piedmont Special Cotton Grower

Royster's Meal Mixture

Royster's Cotton Grower

Viking Ammoniated Guano ^

Special Compound

Royster's Grain Grower

Royster's Special 1-9-2 Guano

Royster's Supreme Tobacco Guano

Royster's Best Guano

Cobb's Pligh Grade for Tobacco

Cobb's H. G. for Cotton

Trucker's Delight

Jupiter High Grade Guano

Royster's H. G. Special Tobacco Guano

Milo Tobacco Guano

Royster's Special 4-8-3 Guano

,Gorham's Special

Lenoir Special Tobacco Guano

Royster's Sovereign Tobacco Grower

Eagle's Special Tobacco Guano

5

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.85

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

2.00

8.25

2.00

....

14.85

50.66

• • • •

12.00

21.50

3.71

• • • •

18.00

• • . .

17.00

■ • • •

• • • •

16.00

• • . <

. . . •

14.00 •

• • • •

13.00

• • ■ •

■ ■ ■ ■

12.00

• ■ • >

5.00

12.00

• ■ • ■

■ > ■ •

11.00

....

5.00

10.00

3.30

4.00

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

.82

3.00

10.00

• • • •

6.00

10.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • • •

3.00

10.00

• • • ■

2.00

9.00

3.30

5.00

9.00

2.47

5.00

9.00

2.47

4.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

3.71

7.00

8.00

3.71

7.00

8.00

3.30

5.00

8.00

3.30

5.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

3.00

8.00

3.30

2.50

8.00

2.88

7.00

8.00

2.88

5.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

66

The BuLLETiisr.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Marlboro High Grade Cottou Grower

Bonanza Tobacco Guano

Royster's Special Sweet Potato Guano

. Orinoco Tobacco Guano

Special Tobacco Compound

Royster's Special Wheat Fertilizer

Royster's Complete Guano

Farmers' Bone Fertilizer

Webb's Korn King

Farmers' Bone Fertilizer for Tobacco

Jumbo Peanut Grower

Royster's 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture. .
Royster's Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guano...

Royster's Early Truck Guano

Royal Special Potato Guano

Royal Potato Guano

Royster's 7 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture. .

Royster's Peanut Special

Arrow Potato Guano

Royster's Irish Potato Guano

Yellow Bark* Sweet Potato Guano

Royster's Special 5-6-5

Pasquotank Potato Guano

Royster's Tobacco Manure

Oakley's Special Tobacco Guano

Royster's 2-6-5 Special ,

Royster's Special 10 Per Cent Truck Guano. .

Royster's Cabbage Guano

Harvey's Cabbage Guano

Royster's Potato Guano

Presto Top Dresser

Royster's Ground Fish Scrap

Royster's Special Top Dresser

Royster's 4-6-4 Special

Currituck Sweet Potato Guano

Royster's Ground Fish Scrap

Royster's 10-2-5 Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Magic Top Dresser

Cotton-seed Meal

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Manure Salts .*

Genuine German Kainit

Scotland Neck Guano Co., Scotland Neck, N. C.—r-

Our 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Our Bone and Potash Mixture

Biggs' H. G. Truck Guano

Noah Biggs C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano..

Noah Biggs' Special Tobacco Guano

Johnson's Bright Leaf Tobacco Guano

State Farm C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Tobacco

Guano

Farmers' C. S. M. and Fish Scrap Guano

Our Special C. S. M. Guano

Johnson's Special Potato Guano

Our Best Peanut Guano

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.08

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.02

4.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

7.00

5.77

7.00

7.00

4.12

S.OO

7.00

4.12

7.00

7.00

4.12

5.00

7.00

. • ■ •

5.00

7.00

• ■ ■ ■

5.00

6.00

5.77

5.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

4.12

7.00

6.00

4.12

5.00

6.00

3.30

8.00

6.00

3.30

7.00

6.00

3.30

4.00

6.00

1.65

5.00

5.00

8.24

3.00

5.00

8.22

2.50

5.00

6.59

3.00

5.00

4.94

7.00

4.00

8.22

4.00

4.00

8.22

4.00

6.18

2.50

4.00

4.94

4.00

4.00

2.47

8.00

3.00

8.22

• ■ • •

2.00

8.22

5.00

• • . .

15.22

a ■ < ■

7.42
6.17

3.00

48.00
48.00

• • • •

■ • > •

20.00

• • a •

....

12.00

16.00

10.00

• • a ■

4.00

8.00

4.12

5.00

8.00

3..30

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.50

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.00

5.77

7.00

5.50

1.23

5.50

The Bulletix.

67

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

K. Elite Top Dressing

Nitrate of Soda

Noah Biggs Top Dresser

Our Genuine German Kainit

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

3.00

Nitrogen.

7.40

15.50

7.46

Potash.

3.50

3.50
12.00

The Southern Cotton Oil Co., Concord, Davidsfin,
Shclhi/, Gibson, Monroe, and Wadcshoro —

S. C. O. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Pliospliate

Gold Seal Acid Phosphate

Conqueror Bone and Potash

Magnolia Bone and Potash

King Bee

Adams' Favorite

Uncle Sam

Home Made

Razem

Special Grain Grower

Special Ash Element

Choice

Conqueror

Canto

Melonite

Peacock

Moon

Landsake

Red Bull

All-to-Good

Gloria

Double Two

S. C. O. Co.'s Ash Element

Dandy Top Dresser

Peerless Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Labi

Special Top Dresser . :

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

The Southern Exchange Co., Maxton, N. C. —

S. E. C. Acid Phosphate

S. E. C. Acid Phosphate

S. E. C. Bone and Potash Mixture

S. E. C. Bone and Potash Mixture

Juicy Fruit Fertilizer

The Walnut Fertilizer

Melon Grower

McKimmon's Special Truck Formula

Two Fours Guano '. . .

Southern Exchange Co.'s Bright Tobacco

Formula

That Big Stick Guano

Bull of the Woods Fertilizer

ilarietta Supply Co.'s Best

Jack's Best Fertilizer

Correct Cotton Compound

R. M. C. Special Crop Grower

Clark's Special Compound

16.00

• • • •

, , , ,

14.00

• • • •

• • • •

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

• • . •

2.00

9.17

1.65

2.00

9.00

2.47

4.50

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.05

3.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

.82

3.00

S.50

• • • •

3.50

8.00

3.30

6.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.29

6.00

s.oo

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

2.50

S.OO

2.06

2.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

7.50

• • • ■

4.50

4.00

9.07

2.50

4.00

6.17

2.50

....

15.00

. • • •

■ • • ■

8.99

17.00

• • • •

8.22

3.00

. • • •

• * • •

48.00

. • ■ •

• • ■ •

48.00

12.00

16.00

14.00

. . • •

• ■ ■ •

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

9.00

1.85

• 4.00

8.50

■ 2.06

2.50

8.00

4.11

7.00

8.00

4.11

7.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

S.OO

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

68

The BuLLETiis",

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Southern Exchange Co.'s Special Tobacco Fer-
tilizer

Currie Crop Lifter

The Racer Guano

The Coon Guano

The Southern Exchange Gd.'s Top Dresser . . .

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Spartanhurg Fertilizer Co., Spartanburg, S. C. — ■

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

14 Per Cent Acidulated Phosphate 14.00

Staff of Life 13.00

West's Potash Acid 13.00

13-3 Potash Acid 13.00

Nitro Blood 12.50

12-6 12.00

Wheat Formula 11.50

Gosnell's Plant Food 10.50

N. C. Special 10.50

Corn Formula 10.50

King Tiger 10.00

10-4 10.00

Dana's Best 10.00

Melrose 10.00

10-2 10.00

Boll Buster 9.20

Grain Compound 9.20

Hummer 9.00

Tiger Brand 9.00

Unalia 8.00

Glencoe 8.00

Corn Grower 8.00

Corn Maker 8.00

Corn King 8.00

C. C. & O. Special 8.00

Potato Guano 7.00

Sulphate Ammonia ....

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Kainit ....

8wift Fertiliser Works, Atlanta, Ga., Wilmington,
N. C, and Chester, S. C. —

. Swift's Raw Bone Meal Total 23.00

Swift's Pure Bone Meal Total 23.00

Swift's Special 16.00

Swift's Cultivator ' ' 14.00

Swift's Harrow 13.00

Swift's North Carolina Special 12.00

Swift's Special 12.00

Swift's Atlanta 12.00

Swift's Chattahoochee 12.00

Swift's Farmers' Special 10.00

Swift's Special High Grade Guano 10.00

Swift's Corn and Cotton Grower 10.00

Swift's Eagle 10.00

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

4.00

8.23

2.00

....

15.00

■ < ■ •

. . . •

• • • •

49.00

• • . •

• • • •

12.00

.82

3.00

....

3.00

3.00

1.65

2.50

• • • •

6.00

1.21

5.00

2.46

2.00

1.65

8.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

3.00

4.00

4.00

. • • •

2.00

• • • •

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

3.00

.82

3.00

3.29

4.00

2.46

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.46

7.00

20.65

. . . •

14.81

• • • •

• . • •

48.00

• ■ • •

12.00

3.70
2.47

1.65

3.29
3.29
2.47
1.65

2.00
6.00
4.00

4.66
3.00
3.00
2.00

The Bulletin.

69

AvaiL

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Swift's Planters' Special 10.00

Swift's Plow Boy 10.00

Swift's Atlanta 10.00

Swift's Farmers' Home 10.00

Swift's Field and Farm 10.00

Swift's Wheat Grower 10.00

Swift's Special 9.50

Swift's Blood, Bone and Potash 9.50

Swift's Champion '. 9.00

Swift's Special Cotton Grower ' 9.00

Swift's Cotton King , 9.00

Swift's Special Cotton Guano 9.00

Swift's Gold Medal 9.00

Swift's Farmers' Favorite 9.00

Swift's Cotton Plant 9.00

Swift's Special 9.0O

Swift's Special Formula 9.00

Swift's Cape Fear 8.00

Swift's Special Tobacco Grower High Grade. 8.00

Swift's Majestic for Tobacco High Grade 8.00

Swift's Monarch 8.00

Swift's Cotton-seed Meal Compound 8.00

Swift's Quick Growth Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Swift's Strawberry Grower 8.00

Swift's Piedmont Tobacco Grower 8.00

Swift's Carter's Prolific 8.00

Swift's Carolina Tobacco Grower 8.00

Swift's Ruralist 8.00

Swift's Cotton-seed Meal Compound 8.00

Swift's Gold Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00

Swift's Braswell Formula 8.00

Swift's Sumatra Tobacco Grower 8.00

Swift's Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00

Swift's Pioneer Tobacco Grower 8.00

Swift's Clark's Special Cotton Grower 8.00

Swift's Red Steer 8.00

Swift's Golden Harvest 8.00

Swift's Thompson's Special 8.00

Swift's Special Peanut Grower 8.00

Swift's Golden Grain Grower 8.00

Swift's Golden Grain Grower 8.00

Swift's Plantation 8.00

Swift's Carolina 7 Per Cent Special Trucker. 7.00

Swift's Special Irish Potato Grower 7.00

Swift's Potato Grower 7.00

Swift's Early Trucker 7.00

Swift's Special High Grade 7.00

Swift's Special Trucker 6.00

Swift's Favorite Truck Guano 6.00

Swift's Special Potato Grower 6.00

Swift's Special Tobacco Grower 6.00

Swift's Special 10 Per Cent Blood and Bone

Trucker 5.00

Swift's Superior Top Dresser 5.00

' Swift's Plant Bed Tobacco Fertilizer 5.00

Swift's Fruiter Top Dresser .• 5.00

Swift's Special Top Dresser 4.00

Swift's Excelsior Top Dresser 4.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

.82

3.00

.82

1.00

• > > >

5.00

. . . .

4.00

> > > <

2.00

• . • •

2.00

4.12

3.00

3.29

7.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.26

2.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

1.00

.82

. 3.00

.82

2.00

4.12

3.00

3.29

6.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

2.00

2.47

10.00

2.47

6.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.50

2.06

2.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

5.00

.82

4.00

.82

4.00

.82

4.00

• • • •

4.00

5.76

7.00

4.12

8.00

4.12

7.00

4.12

5.00

3.29

5.00

5.76

5.00

4.94

6.00

4.12

7.00

3.29

6.00

8.23

3.00

8.23

3.00

6.58

2.00

4.94

2.50

8.23

4.00

6.18

2.00

10

The Bulletin'.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Swiff s Everett's Special Formula

Swift's No. 1 Ground TaiiUage

Swiffs Pure Nitrate of Soda

Swift's Ground Dried Blood

Swift's Special Top Dresser

Cotton-seed Meal

Swift's Special Top Dresser

Swift's Nitrogen and Potash, No. 1

Swift's Niti'ogen and Potash, No. 2

Swift's Cotton-seed Meal High Grade

Swift's Muriate of Potash

Swift's Sulphate of Potash

Swift's Pure German Kainit

Tidewater Guano Co., 'Norfolk, Va. —

Thomas Phosphate Total

B. B. Yellow Tobacco Grower

Tuscarora Fertilizer Co., Atlanta, Ga., and Wil-
minfjton, N. C. —
Tuscarora High Grade Trucker

Union Abattoir Co., Norfolk, Va., and New Bern,

N. C—

Acid Phosphate

Acid Phosphate

Red Star Potash and Soluble Bone.

Johnson's High Grade

Ketl Star H. G. Guano

Cotton Guano

Red Star Cotton Guauo

Cotton and Tobacco Guano

Standard Guano

Muriate of Potash

Kainit

Union Guano Co., Winston-Salem, N. C. —

Pure Raw Animal Bone Meal

I'niou IG Per Cent Acid Phosphate

L'nion High Grade Acid Phosphate

Dissolved Animal Bone Meal

L'nion Dissolved Bone

Union 12-6 Bone and Potash

Cnion 12-5 Bone and Potash

Union 12-4 Bone and Potash

Union 12-3 Bone and Potash

Union 12-2 Bone and Potash

Union 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Liberty Bel! Crop Grower

Union Prolific Cotton Compound

Union Special Formula for Cotton

Union Mule Brand Guano

Grain Chemicals

Union 10-6 Bone and Potash

Union 10-5 Bone and Potash

Union 10-4 Bone and Potash '

Quakers Grain Mixture

Giant Phosphate and Potash

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

4.00
3.50

17.00

s.oo

6.00

Nitrogen.

3.29
9.06

14.82
13.18
8.23
7.50
7.40
7.40
6.58
6.18

2.47

4.11

Potash.

3.00

4.00

4.00
3.00
4.00

50.66
49.00
12.00

3.00

7.00

16.00

• • • ■

....

14.00

....

....

10.00

....

4.00

9.00

2.06

5.00

8.75

2.00

2.00

8.00

3.28

4.00

S.OO

2.50

1.00

S.OO

2.46

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

50.00

....

■ > • ■

12.00

20.60

3.7]

16.00

. . .

14.00

. . . .

13.00

2.0i

> ....

13.00

. . .

....

12.00

...

6.00

12.00

...

5.00

12.00

• • ■

4.00

12.00

3.00

12.00

. . .

2.00

12.00

. * .

10.50

. * *

1.50

10.00

3.2i

) 4.00

10.00

2.4-

3.00

10.00

1.6i

} 2.00

10.00

1.0^

5 6.00

10.00

6.00

10.00

5.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

. . .

3.00

The Bulletin.

71

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Finch & Harris's Special Bone and Potash
Mixture

Union Bone and Potash

Union Gold Leaf Tobacco Mixture

Union Renown Guano

Union Complete Cotton Mixture

Farmers' Blood and Bone Guano

Dixie Cotton Grower

Q. and Q. (Quality and Quantity) Guano

B. S. Ammoniated Guano

Union Guano for Tobacco

Union Premium Guano

Bright Leaf Tobacco Compound

Union Homestead Guano

Victoria High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer

Union Water Fowl Guano.

Union Standard Tobacco Grower

Union Potato Mixture

Old Honesty Guano

Fish Brand Amnioniated Guano for Tobacco. .

Old Honesty Tohacco Guano

Fish Brand Ammoniated Guano

Union Superlative Guano

Sunrise Ammoniated Guano

Union 8-5 Bone and Potash.

Union Wheat Mixture

Union Vegetable Compound

Union Truck Guano

Complete Mixture for Top Dressing

Special 10 Per Cent Top Dresser

Nitrate of Soda

Union Top Dresser Ammonia and Potash Mix-
ture

Cotton-seed Meal

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

United States Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. — ■

Raw Bone Meal Total

Farm Bell Acid Phosphate

Farm Bell Acid Phosphate

Farm Bell Phospho Potassa

Farm Bell Potash and Acid

Farm Bell 10-5 Mixture

Farm Bell Special Mixture

Farm Bell Alkaline Mixture

Farm Bell Big Yield

White Oak Mountain Tobacco Guano

Farm Bell Harvest Moon

Farm Bell Buckeye Guano

Farm Bell Blood. Bone and Potash

Farm Bell Excelsior Guano

^Farm Bell Majestic Guano

Farm Bell Tobacco Fertilizer

Farm Bell Cotton Spe<?ial

Farm Bell Tobacco Special

Farm Bell Crop Grower

Avail.

Phos. Nitrog

en. Potasli.

Acid.

10.00 ■

3.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

3.00 6.00

9.00

2.4

7 3.00

9.00

1.65 3.00

9.00

1.6,

3 3.00

9.00

1.65 2.00

9.00

1.65 1.00

9.0'0

.82 3.00

8.00

3.29 6.00

s.oo

3.29 4.00

8.00

2.75 7.00

8.00

2.4'

( 3.00

8.00

2.47 3.00

8.00

2.06 3.00

8.00

2.06 2.00

S.OO

1.65 10.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

8.00'

1.65 2.00

8.00

1.65 2.00

S.OO

1.65 2.00

S.OO

.82 4.00

S.OO

.82 3.00

S.OO

, .

5.00

8.00

4.00

7.00

4.12 8.00

7.00

3.29 5.00

4.00

6.18 4.00

2.00

8.24 2.50

14.82

7.42 3.00

....

6.18

■ > * *

, .

48.00

....

48.00

....

12.00

22.50

3.69

16.00

....

14.00

....

12.00

5.00

10.00

, ,

6.00

10.00

, ,

5.00

10.00

, ,

4.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

2.4'

r 4.00

9.00

2.4f

) 3.00

9.00

.8i

i 3.00

9.00

.Si

l 2.00

8.00

4.1]

L 7.00

8.00

3.25

I 7.00

8.00

3.2J

I 4.00

8.00

2.4'

r 4.00

S.OO

2.4'

3.00

8.00

2.4'

3.00

8.00

2M

5 3.00

72

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Farm Bell Tomato Special

Farm Bell Tobacco Grower

Farm Bell Fruit and Potato Guano

Farm Bell Animal Ammouiated

Farm Bell Standard Guano

Farm Bell Standard for Tobacco

Farm Bell Wheat, Oat, Corn Special

Farm Bell Pennant Winner

Farm Bell Phosphate and Potash

Farm Bell Wheat and Grass Grower

Farm Bell lYuckers' Ideal

Farm Bell Potato and Tobacco Guano

Farm Bell Klimax Kompound

Farm Bell 7 Per Cent Ti'ucker

Farm Bell Truckers' Favorite

Farm Bell Lightning Topper

Farm Bell Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Kaiuit

Vance Guano Co., Henderson, N. C. —

Best Grade Acid Phosphate

Vance High Grade Acid Phosphate

Vance Corn and Grain Grower

Farmers' Union

Brodie's Best

Fish Brand Tobacco Manure

Sterling Cotton Grower

Hot Stuff

Vance Top Dresser

Venable Fertilizer Co., Richmond, Va. —

Pure Animal Bone Total

Pure Raw Bone Meal Total

Venable Best Acid Phosphate

H. G. Acid Phosphate

Venable's Dissolved Bone

Venable's Majestic Bone and Potash Mixture.

Venable's Standard Acid Phosphate

Venable's Corn, Wheat and Grass Fertilizer. .

High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture

Bone and Potash Mixture

Venable Carolina Favorite

Venable's 3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer

Koanoke Mixture

Boanoke Meal Mixture

Venable's Majestic Guano

Venable's B. B. P. Manure

Majestic Grain Guano

Venable's Wheat Grower

Venable's 5 Per Cent Trucker

Venable's Special Tobacco Fertilize)-

Venable's Sovereign Guano

Venable's 4 Per Cent Trucker

Venable's H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

2.05

3.00

8.00

1.65

10.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

6.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

• < ■ *

5.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

7.00

4.11

8.00

7.00

2.47

10.00

7.00

.82

4.00

6.00

5.75

5.00

6.00

3.28

8.00

4.00

8.20

3.00

4.00

6.58
20.50
15.50

2.00

50.00
48.00
12.00

16.00

14.00

....

• • • •

10.00

1.00

3.50

9.00

3.00

3.00

8.00

4.00

4.00

8.00

3.00

3.00

8.00

2.00

2.00

8.00

2.00

2.00

3.00

10.00

5.00

25.00

»

2.47

22.50

3.70

16.00

• > < •

14.00

• > • •

13.00

> • > •

12.00

....

5.00

12.00

....

10.00

.82

1.00

30.00

4.00

10.00

2.00

9.00

2.47

6.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.00

4.11

5.00

S.OO

3.29

6.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

The Bulletin.

73

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Farmers' Union H. G. Tobacco Guano

Venable's Choice Fertilizer

Venable's H. G. Cotton Guano

Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manure, No. 1 . . .

Venable's Cotton Grower

Venable's Roanoke Special

Venable's Ideal Manure

Our Union Tobacco Fertilizer

Farmers' Union Special Tobacco Fertilizer. . .

Venable's Meal Mixture

Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manure, No. 2 . . . .

Our Union Special Fertilizer

Planter's Bone Fertilizer

Venable's Peanut Special

Venable's Grain Special

Venable's Alliance Bone and Potash Mixture.

Venable's Peanut Grower

Venable's 10 Per Cent Trucker

Venable's 6-6-6 Manure

Venable's Top Dresser

Majestic Top Dresser

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Special Top Dresser

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

High Grade German Potash

Pure German Kainit

Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co., Richmond, Va. —

V.-C. C. Co.'s Floats Total

V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Acid Phosphate. . .

V.-C. C. Co.'s Pure Raw Bone Total

V.-C. C. Co.'s Johnson's Best

V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Bone and Potash.

V.-C. C. Co.'s 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

V.-C. C. Co.'s Star Brand Ground Slag

V.-C. C. Co.'s Concentrated Ammoniated

V.-C. C. Co.'s Climax Potash Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Alliance Acid Phosphate

V.-C. C. Co.'s 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

V.-C. C. Co.'s Sludge Acid Phosphate

V.-C. C. Co.'s 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. . .

V.-C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Animal Bone... Total

V.-C. C. Co.'s 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. ...

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special High Grade Potash Mix-
tui-e

V.-C. C. Co.'s H. G. Potash Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Goodman's Special Potash Mix-
ture

V.-C. C. Co.'s 12-4 Grain Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Wythe County Potash Mixture.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Crop Grower

, V.-C. C. Co.'s Battle's Crop Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate. ...

V.-C. C. Co.'s Home Comfort Acid Phosphate.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Virginia 11-5 Bone and Potash.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Electric H. G. Special

Avail.
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potasli.

Acid.

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00-

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

4.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

S.OO

.82

4.00

8.00

.82

4.00

8.00

• • < •

4.00

8.00

• • • •

4.00

6.00

8.23

2.00

6.00

4.94

6.00

4.00

8.23

4.00

4.00

6.17

2.50

*

19.75
15.63

• • • .

7.40

3.00

■ ■ . •

• • • •

50.00

«...

• • * •

48.00

• • • •

16.00

....

• • • ■

12.00

27.00

....

24.00

20.60

3.71

20.00

4.94

6.00

20.00

• • ■ •

4.00

17.00

• • . •

17.00

• • • •

• • • •

16.00

3.29

4.00

16.00

• • • •

2.00

16.00

• • • •

....

16.00

* • • •

. > * >

14.00

. • . .

■ * . •

14.00

13.00

2.06

. • ■ •

13.00

12.00

6.00

12.00

5.00

12.00

5.00

12.00

• • • •

4.00

12.00

....

3.00

12.00

• • • .

3.00

12.00

....

3.00

12.00

....

12.00

. ■ • .

• . ■ .

11.00

5.00

10.00

3.29

4.00

74

The Bulletin.

Xame and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Ideal Crop Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Grain Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Sovereign Crop Producer

V.-C. C. Co.'s H. G. Southern Fertilizer Com-
panies Scott's Gossypium Phosplao

V.-C. C. Co.'s Ford's Wheat and Corn Guano.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Grain Special

V.-C. C. Co.'s Standard Bone and Potash

V.-C. C. Co.'s Crescent Potash Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Potash Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Dissolved Bone and Potash. . . .

V.-C. C. Co.'s Best's H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Great Texas Cotton Grower Sol-
uble Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s 3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer

V.-C. C. Co.'s Jeffrey's High Grade Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s N. and R.'s Best

V.-C. C. Co.'s Westfield Special H. G. Tobacco
Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Grey Soil Special H. G. Tobacco
Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Powell's Special H. G. C. S. M.. .
•V.-C. C. Co.'s Southern Cotton Grower C. S. M.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Vececo Cotton Grower C. S. M. .

V.-C. C. Co.'s Cotton Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Best's Special Cotton Grower. . .

V.-C. C. Co.'s Prolific Cotton Grower C. S. M.

V.-C. C. Co.'s White Stem C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Standard Cotton Grower C. S. M.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Cotton Grower ■

V.-C. C. Co.'s Bumper Crop Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Cuban Special Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Cock's Soluble Guano H. G. Ani-
mal Bone

V.-C. C. Co.'s No. 923 Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Reliable Cotton Brand Fertilizer

V.-C. C. Co.'s North State Guano C. S. M

V.-C. C. Co.'s Grain Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Bigelow's Crop Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Burnhardt's Grain and Crop
Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s McCormick's Wheat and Grain
Guano

V.-C. C. Co.'s Baltimore Special Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmer's Friend Favorite Fer--
tilizer Special

V.-C. C. Co.'s Powhatan Crop Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Pelican Peruvian Guano (Peli-
can Truck Grower and Top Dresser)

V.-C. C. Co.'s Muse's Special

V.-C. C. Co.'s Enterprise High Grade

V.-C. C. Co.'s Long Leaf Tobacco Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Old Dominion Special Mixture
for Tobacco

V.-C. C. Co.'s Alliance H. G. Manure

V.-C. C. Co.'s Fish and Meal Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Carr's Crop Grower

V.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Choice

AvaiL

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

10.00

2.47

3.00

10.00

1.65

5.00

10.00

1.65

2.00

10.00

1.05

2.00

10.00

.82

2.50

10.00

> ■ > ■

6.00

10.00

• • • •

5.00

10.00

• • > •

5.00

10.00

4.00

10.00

• • ■ «

2.00

9.00

2.47

7.00

9.00

2.47

4.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

9.00

2.47

.82

3.00

9.00

2.47

3.00

9.00

2.26

3.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.26

2.00

9.00

2.06

5.00

9.00

1.85

4.00

9.00

1.85

3.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

3.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

9.00

1.03

2.00

9.00

.82

3.00

.00

9.00

.82

3.00

9.00

.82

2.00

8.50

1.65

2.00

8.50

1.65

1.50

8.00

4.12

5.00

8.00

3.70

7.00

8.00

3.29

11.00

8.00

3.29

5.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

s.oo

3.29

4.00

s.oo

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

The Bulletix.

75

Xame and Address of Manufacturer aud Xame of Brand.

y.-C. C. Co.'s John F. Croom & Bro. Fish. and

Meal Mixture

V.-C. C. Co.'s Special

y.-C. C. Co.'s Nowell & Richardson's Special. .
y.-C. C. Co.'s Croom's Crop Grower, Best for

All Crops

y.-C.C. Co.'s Formula 161 for Tobacco

y.-C. C. Co.'s Hig:h Grade Tobacco Fertilizer. .

y.-C. C. Co.'s yalentine Special

y.-C. C. Co.'s Special Mixture

y.-C. C. Co.'s Excelsior H. G. Special

y.-C. C. Co.'s Lion's High Grade Tobacco Fer-
tilizer

y.-C. C. Co.'s Farmers' Success

y.-C. C. Co.'s Myatt's Special H. G. Fertilizer.

y.-C. C. Co.'s Alliance Special Fertilizer

y.-C. C. Co.'s Croom's Special Cotton Ferti-
lizer, Fish and Meal Mixture

y.-C. C. Co.'s Menhaden Fish and Meal Mix-
ture

y.-C. C. Co.'s Best's H. G. Cotton and Tobacco

Guano

y.-C. C. Co.'s Diamond C. S. M

y.-C. C. Co.'s Jumbo Peruvian Guano, Jumbo

Crop Grower

y.-C. C. Co.'s Oldham's Special Compound for

Tobacco, High Grade

y.-C. C. Co.'s Blake's Best

y.-C. C. Co.'s Royal High Grade Fertilizer . . .
y.-C. C. Co.'s Special High Grade Tobacco Fer-
tilizer C. S. M

y.-C. C. Co.'s Adams' Special

y.-C. C. Co.'s Peruvian H. G. Tobacco Guano.
y.-C. C. Co.'s Red Cliff H. G. Cotton Grower. .
y.-C. C. Co.'s Zeno Special Compound for To-
bacco H. G

y.-C. C. Co.'s 3-S-3 Tobacco Fertilizer

y.-C. C. Co.'s Gold Metlal H. G. Tobacco Guano
y.-C. C. Co.'s Blake's H. G. Cotton and To-
bacco Guano *

y.-C. C. Co.'s Atlas Guano C. S. M

y.-C. C. Co.'s Admiral C. S. M

y.-C. C. Co.'s Good Luck C. S. M

y.-C. C. Co.'s Split Silk C. S. M

y.-C. C. Co.'s 3 Per Cent Special C. S. M.

Guano. No. 3

y.-C. C. Co.'s Orange Grove Guano

y.-C. C. Co.'s Delta C. S. M. Guano

y.-C. C. Co.'s Royal Crown'.

y.-C. C. Co.'s Superlative C. S. M. Guano

y.-C. C. Co.'s Blue Star C. S. M

y.-C. C. Co.'s Potato and Cabbage Special ....

y.-C. C. Co.'s Smith's Irish Potato Guano

y.-C. C Co.'s Pace's 5 Per Cent Special Potato

Guano

y.-C. C. Co.'s Bone Favorite

y.-C. C. Co.'s Monarch Brand

y.-C. C. Co.'s Boon's Favorite

Avail.
Plios.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

S.OO'

3.29

4.00

S.OO

3.29

4.00

s.oo

3.29

4.00

S.OO

3.29

4.00

8.00

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

S.OO

2.47

7.00

S.OO

•2.47

G.OO

S.OO

2.47^

5.00

S.OO

2.47

4.00

S.OO

2.47

4.0O

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

8.00

S.OO
S.OO

S.OO

2.47

2.47

2.47
2.47

2.47

3.00

3.00

3.00
3.00

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.47

2.50

S.OO

2.47

2.50

S.OO

2.47

2.00

8.00

2.26

2.50

S.OO

2.26

2.50

8.00

2.26

2.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

S.OO

2.06

3.00

S.OO

1.65

10.00

S.OO

1.65

10.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00'

1.65

5.00

S.OO

1.65

5.00

76

The Bulletin.

Avail.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

V.-C. C. Co.'s Valley Pride S.OO

V.-C. C. Co.'s Coru and Peanut Special 8.00

V.-O. C. Co.'s Maultsby's Fish Guano 8.00

V.-C. C. Co.'s Alliance Grain Fertilizer 8.00

V.-C. C. Co.'s V^inston Special for Cotton 8.00

V.-G. C. Co.'s Diamond Dust C. S. M 8.00

V.-C. C. Co.'s Plant Food C. S. M 8.00

V.-C. C. Co.'s Vinson's Standard C. S. M 8.00

V.-C. C. Co.'s Ajax C. S. M. Guano 8.00

V.-O. C. Co.'s Farmers' Favorite Fertilizer

C. S. M S.OO

V.-C. C. Co.'s Monarch Wheat and Grass

Grower S.OO

V.-O, C. Co.'s Special Peanut Grower 8.00

V.-C. C. Co.'s Electric Grain and Grass Grower 8.00
V.-C. 0. Co.'s Peerless Corn, Wheat and Grass

Grower 8.00

V.-C. C. Co.'s Peanut Grower 8.00

V.-C. C. Co.'s The Han^ester 8.00

V.-O. 0. Co.'s Pinnacle Grain Grower 8.00

V.-C. 0. Co.'s 8-5 Potash Mixture. : 8.00

V.-C. 0. Co.'s Potash Mixture for Peanuts S.OO

V.-O. O. Co.'s Jones' Grain Special 8.00

V.-O. O. Co.'s Special Wheat Compound S.OO

V.-C. 0. Co.'s Truck Crop Fertilizer 7.00

V.-C. 0. Co.'s Konqueror H. G. Truck Fertil-
izer 7.00

V.-C. C. Co.'s Pasquotank Trucker 7.00

V.-O. O. Co.'s Potash Potato Producer 7.00

V.-O. 0. Co.'s Formula 44 for Bright Wrappers

and Smokers 7.00

V.-O. 0. Co.'s Plant Bed and High Grade To-
bacco Fertilizer 7.00

V.-O. C. Co.'s Invincible High Grade Fertilizer 6.00

V.-O, 0. Co.'s Kitty Hawk Truck Fertilizer 6.00

V.-O. C. Co.'s Special Truck Guano 6.00

V.-O. 0. Co.'s Money Maker for Cabbage and

Potatoes 6.00

V.-C. 0. Co.'s Clinton Special H. G 5.00

V.-O. C. Co.'s 10 Per Cent Top Dre^er Extra

H. G 4.00

V.-C. O. Co.'s Fish Scrap 4.00

V.-C. 0. Co.'s Dewberry Special 4.00

V.-C. 0. Co.'s Dewberry Special Extra H. G. . . 4.00

V.-O. O. Co.'s Higji Grade Top Dresser 4.00

V.-C. 0. Co.'s Sulphate of Ammonia

V.-C. 0. Co.'s Nitrate of Soda

V.-O. C. Co.'s Blood

V.-C. O. Co.'s Special Top Dresser

V.-C. O. Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal

V.-O. 0. Co.'s Muriate of Potash

V.-O. C. Co.'s Sulphate of Potash

V.-C. C. Co.'s Manure Salts

V.-C. 0. Co.'s Kainit

Allison & Addison's Fulton Acid Phosphate. . 14.00

Allison & Addison's I. X. L. Acid Phosphate. . 13.00

Allison & Addison's Standard Acid Phosphate. 12.00

Allison & Addison's Rockets Acid Phosphate. . 12.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65

1.65

1.00
1.00
1.00

1.00

.82
.82
.82

4.12

4.12
3.29
3.29

2.55

2.26
4.12
4.12
4.12

1.65
2.47

8.24

8.24

6.59

6.56

6.17

20.59

14.82

1.3.18

7.41

6.15

4.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00

2.00

7.00
4.00
4.00

4.00
4,00
3.00
3.00
5.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
7.00

5.00
8.00
8.00

3.20

6.00
7.00
7.00
7.00

10.00
5.0O

4.00

4.00
2.50

3.00

48.00
48.00
20.00
12.00

The Bulletin.

77

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Allison & Addison's McGavock's Special Potash
Mixture

Allison & Addison's B. P. Potash Mixture ....

Allison & Addison's Star Brand Special To-
bacco Manure

Allison tfe Addison's Star Brand Special H. G.

Allison (S: Addison's Star Brand Guano

Allison & Addison's Little Giant Grain and
Grass Grower

Allison & Addison's Anchor Brand Tobacco
Fertilizer

Allison & Addison's Star Brand Vegetable
Guano

Allison »& Addison's A. A. Guano

Allison & Addison's Anchor Brand Fertilizer.

Allison & Addison's Old Hickory Guano

Allison & Addison's Peanut Grower

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka
Acid Phosphate

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Valley
of Virginia Phosphate

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Cren-
shaw Acid Phosphate

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Our Acid
Phosphate

Atlantic and Vii-gtnia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka
Bone and Potash Compound

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka
Ammoniated Bone Special for Tobacco

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Orient
Complete Manure

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia
Truckers

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Eureka
Ammoniated Bone

AtlAntic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Orient
Special for Tobacco

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Peanut
Grower

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s Carolina
Trucker

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s 15 Per Cent
Acid Phosphate

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Catawba
Acid Phosphate

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Acid Phos-
phate

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Dayvault's
Special

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Dissolved
Bone

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Oliver's Per-
fect Wheat Grower

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s 10-2 Bone
and Potash

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s High Grade
Special Tobacco Fertilizer

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Queen of the
Harvest C. S. M

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

10.00 .
10.00

;:::

2.00
2.00

9.00
9.00
9.00

2.26
2.06
1.65

2.00
5.00
1.00

9.00

1.00

2.00

8.50

2.26

2.00

8.00
8.00
8.00
S.OO
8.00

3.75

2.47
1.65
1.65
1.00

4.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
4.00

16.00

....

14.00

....

....

13.00

....

....

12.00

....

10.00

....

2.00

9.00

2.06

2.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

S.OO

4.12

5.00

S.OO

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

7.00

5.76

7.00

15.00

....

....

14.00

....

....

13.00

....

....

12.00

6.00

12.00

....

....

11.00

2.47

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

9.00

2.06

2,00

9.00

1.65

2.00

78

The Bulletix.

Avail.
Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Charlotte Oil aud Fertilizer Co.'s McCrary"s

Diamond Bone and Pota.sh . 9.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Groom's Spe-
cial Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Catawba

Guano B. G S.OO

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Special 3

Per Cent Guano C. S. M S.OO

Charlotte Oil aud Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated

Guano B. G S.OO

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s Ammoniated

Guano C. S. M S.OO

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s The Leader

B. G 8.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co.'s King Cotton

Grower S.OO

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade

Acid Phosphate 10.00

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade

Dissolved Bone 14.00

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Acid Phosphate. 13.00

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Dissolved Bone. 12.00

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Acid Phosphate

with Potash 30.00

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High Grade 3

Per Cent Soluble Guano 9.00

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Special Tobacco

Guano 9.00

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Truck Guano. . 8.00

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Guano for To-
bacco I . . S.OO

Davie & Whittle's Vinco Guano 8.00

Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand Guano 8.00

Davie & Whittle's Peanut Grower 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Best Acid Phosphate. 16.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard High Grade

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Excelsior Dissolved

Bone 14.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blacksburg Dissolved
Bone 13.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s N. C. Farmers' Alli-
ance Official Acid Phosphate 13.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Double Bone Phos-
phate 13.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Acid Phosphate 12.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Great Wheat and
Corn Grower 10.50

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Diamond Wheat Mix-
ture 10.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Wheat and

Corn Grower 10.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blue Ridge Wheat

Grower 10.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Wheat
Grower 10.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Bone and Potash Mix-
ture 10.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s L. & M. Special 9.00

Nitrogen. Potash.

2.47
2.47
2.47
2.06
2.06
1.6.5
1.6.5

2.06

2.06
4.94

2.47
1.65
1.65
1.00

3.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1..50
1..50
2.00
2.00

2.00

3.00

2.00
5.00

3.00
3.00
2.00
4.00

2.47

1.50

3.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00
2.00

The Bulletin.

79

Avail.
Name and Address of ^lanufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Standard Guauo.... 9.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Ammonia ted Fertil-
izer 9.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Special Plant and

Truck Fertilizer 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Durham High Grade. 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Gold Medal Brand
Guano 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Yellow Leaf Tobacco
Guano 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s N. . C. Farmers' Alli-
ance Official 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Pride" of Durham To-
bacco Grower S.OO

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Raw Bone Superphos-
phate for Tobacco 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Raw Bone Superphos-
phate S.OO

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Genuine Bone and Pe-
ruvian Guano S.OO

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Genuine Bone and Pe-

. ruvian Guano for Tobacco S.OO

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Blacksburg Soluble

Guano 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Progressive Farmer
Guano 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Peanut Grower 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Carr's Special Wheat

Grower S.OO

Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Best Potato Manure. 7.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Ironside Acid Phos-
phate 16.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg High Grade

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Arvonia Acid Plios-
phate 13.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Spartan Acid Phos-
phate 12.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Alpine Mixture 10.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s S. W. Special Bone

and Potash Mixture 10.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Dissolved Bone and

Potash 10.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Independent Standard 8.50

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Bright Belt Guano. . . _ 8.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Solid Gold Tobacco

Guano S.OO

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s New Era 8.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg Soluble. . . 8.00

Lynchburg Guano Co.'s Lynchburg Soluble for

Tobacco S.OO

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk

Reliable Acid Phosphate 14.00

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk

Best Acid Phosphate 13.00

. Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk

Soluble Bone 12.00

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk

Bone and Potash 10.00

Nitrogen.

1.G5

1.65

4.12
3.29

2.47

2.47

2.06

2.06

2.06

2.06

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65
1.00

5.76

Potash.

2.00

1.00

3.00
4.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.00

1.50

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00
4.00

4.00
7.00

1.65

2.47

2.26
1.65
1.65

1.65

5.00

4.00

2.00
2.00
3.00

4.00
3.00
2.00

2.00

2.00

80

The Bulletin.

4.12

5.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.00

4.00

Avail.
Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos. Nitrogen. Potash.

Acid.

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Norfolk

Truck and Tomato Grower 8.00

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Amazon

High Grade Manure 8.00

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Bright

Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Amazon

H. G. Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Cooper's

Bright Tobacco Fertilizer ^ 8.00

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Genuine
Slaughter House Bone Guano, Made Ex-
pressly for Tobacco 8.00

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Crescent

Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Genuine

Slaughter House Bone Guano 8.00

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Co.'s Peanut

Grower 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s High Grade Acid
Phosphate 14.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Bone Phosphate. . 13.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Royster's Acid
Phosphate 12.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Obelisk Brand

Bone and Potash 10.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Planter's Bone and

Potash Mixture 10.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Alkaline Bone and
Potash 10.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Home's Cotton Fer-
tilizer 9-00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Standard Raw

Bone Soluble Guano 9.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend

High Grade Fertilizer 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Soluble

Bone High Grade Special Tobacco Manure. 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend

Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Osceola Tobacco
Guano 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Farmers' Friend

Fertilizer 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Spe-
cial Wheat Guano 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Old Dominion Sol-
uble Tobacco Guano 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Bullock's Cotton
Guano 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Soluble Guano 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Peanut Grower... 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Miller's Special

Wheat Mixture 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 7-7-7 Truck Guano. 7.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Potato Manure... 7.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 7 Per Cent .Truck
Fertilizer 6.00 5.76 6.00

2.06

1.65

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.06

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65
1.65
1.00

5.76
4.12

4.00

3.00

2.00

3.00

1.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00
2.00
4.00

4.00
7.00
8.00

The Bulletin.

81

Avail.
Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand. Phos.

Acid.

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 6-7-5 Truck Guano. 6.00
Old Dominion Guano Co.'s Special Sweet Po-
tato Guano 6.00

Old Dominion Guano Co.'s 10 Per Cent Truck

Fertilizer 5.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont High Grade

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Fulp's Acid Phosphate. 13.00
Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Acid

Phosphate 13.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Acid Phosphate. 12.00
Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Acid

Phosphate 12.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Acid Phosphate

and Potash 10.50

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Wheat Mixture. 10.00
Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Dissolved Bone and

Potash 10.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Stand-
ard Guano 9.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Truck Farmers' Special

Ammoniated Guano S.OO

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Brand Ammoni-
ated Dissolved Bone 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Old Kentucky High

■ Grade Tobacco Manure 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton Belt Ammoni-
ated Guano 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Carolina Golden Belt

Ammoniated Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Powers. Gibbs & Co.'s Powers' Ammoniated

Guano 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & .Co.'s Gibbs' Ammoniated

Guano S.OO

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Almont Soluble Am-
moniated Guano 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Cotton-seed Meal Solu-
ble Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Powers, Gibbs <& Co.'s Eagle Island Ammoni-
ated Guano 8.00

Powers, Gibbs & Co.'s Peanut Grower 8.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Comet 16 Per Cent

Acid Phosphate 16.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Click's 16 Per Cent

Acid Phosphate 16.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Red Cross 14 Per

Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Victor Acid Phos-
phate 13.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Chatham Acid Phos-
phate 13.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Reaper Grain Appli-
cation 12.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Tar Heel Acid Phos-

^ phate 12.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Horseshoe Acid Phos-
phate 12.00

Southern Chemical Co.'s Solid South 10.00

6==

Nitrogen.

Potasti.

5.76

5.00

1.65

6.00

8.24

2.50

1.50

3.00

2.00

2.47

2.00

3.20

5.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.00

2.06

1.50

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.00

4.0Q

3.00

6.00

82

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Southern Chemical Co.'s Quickstep Bone aud
Potash

Southern Chemical Co.'s Winner Grain Mix-
ture

Southern Chemical Co.'s Farmers' Pride Bone
and Potash

Southern Chemical Co.'s Winston Bone and
Potash

Southern Chemical Co.'s Mammoth Corn
Grower

Southern Chemical Co.'s Mammoth Wheat and
Grass Grower

Southern Chemical Co.'s Sun Brand Guano..

Southern Chemical Co.'s George Washington
Plant Bed Fertilizer for Tobacco

Southern Chemical Co.'s Pilot Ammoniated
Guano Special for Tobacco

Southern Chemical Co.'s Electric Tobacco
Guano

Southern Chemical Co.'s Electric Standard
Guano

Southern Chemical Co.'s Yadkin Complete Fer-
tilizer

Southern Chemical Co.'s Click's Special Wheat
Compound

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Powhatan Acid Phos-
phate

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Dissolved S. C. Bone

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Brand Acid
Phosphate

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Bone and Potash Mixture

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Powhatan Tobacco Fer-
tilizer

J." G. Tinsley & Co.'s Tobacco Fertilizer

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Richmond Brand Guano.

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Peruvian H. G. Tobacco
Guano

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Killickinick Tobacco Mix-
ture

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Appomattox Standard
Tobacco Grower

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Lee Brand Guano

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Stonewall Tobacco
Guano

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Peanut Grower

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Special Irish Potato
Guano

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s 7 Per Cent Ammoniated
Guano for Truck

J. G. Tinsley <& Co.'s Irish Potato Guano

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Strawberry Grower

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s Top Dresser

J. G. Tinsley & Co.'s 10 Per Cent Truck Guano

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Champion Acid Phos-
phate

§. W. Travers & Co.'s Dissolved Bone Phos-
phate

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Standard Dissolved
S. C. Bone

6.00

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

11.00

....

5.00

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

....

3.00

10.00

....

2.00

10.00

....

2.00

10.00
9.00

2.06

2.00
5.00

8.00

2.47

2.50

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

....

4.00

14.00
1.3.00

::::

12.00
10.00

:;::

2.66

9.00
8.00
8.00

2.47
3.29
2.47

3.00
2.50
3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.06

3.00

8.00
8.00

1.65
1.65

2.00
2.00

S.OO
S.OO

1.65

1.00

2.00
4.00

5.76

6.00

6.00

5.76

6.00

6.00

4.94

6.00

6.00

3.29

4.00

5.00

9.06

....

5.00

8.24

2.50

16.00

....

14.00

....

13.00

....

The Bulletin.

83

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Dissolved Bone.

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Bone and Pot-
ash Corapound

S. W. Travers & Co.'s National Tobacco Fer-
tilizer

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Truck Fer-
tilizer

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Tobacco Fer-
tilizer

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Big Leaf Tobacco
Grower

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Capital Cotton Fer-
tilizer

S. W. Travers & Co.'s National Fertilizer. . . .

S. W. Travers & Co.'s National Special To-
bacco Fertilizer

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Beef Blood and Bone
Fertilizer

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Peanut Grower

S. W. Travers & Co.'s Special Wheat Com-
pound

S. W. Travers & Co.'s 7 Per Cent Truck Fer-
tilizer

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Bull Run Acid
Phosphate

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Brand
Acid Phosphate

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Clipper Brand
Acid Phosphate

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Lurich Acid
Phosphate

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Alps Brand
Acid Phosphate

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Mountain Top
Bone and Potash

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s XX Potash Mix-
ture

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Dissolved Bone
and Potash

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Number One
Soluble Guano . .•

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Highland King.

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gamecock Spe-
cial for Tobacco

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s High Grade To-
bacco Guano

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Bull Dog Solu-
ble Guano

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Duuuiugton's
Special Formula for Tobacco

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Peerless Special
Tobacco Guano

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Buffalo Guano.

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Austrian To-
, bacco Grower

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Spe-
cial Tobacco Guano

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Battle Ax To-
bacco Guano

Avail.
Phos.
Acid.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

12.00

10.00

....

2.00

8.50

1.85

2.25

S.OO

3.29

3.00

8.00

3.29

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00
8.00

2.06
1.65

2.00
2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.00

4.00

8.00

....

4.00

6.00

5.76

5.00

16.00

....

14.00

....

....

13.00

....

• • • •

12.00

....

• • • •

12.00

....

....

10.00

....

5.00

10.00

....

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

9.00

1.65

2.00

9.00

1.65

1.00

8.50

1.65

2.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

S.OO

2.06

3.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

2.06

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

84

The Bulletin.

Name and Address of Manufacturer and Name of Brand.

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Virginia State
Guano

Virginia State Fertilizer Co.'s Gilt Edge Brand
Dissolved Bone and Potash •. . . .

Wilson Chemical Co., Wilson, N. C. —

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Bone and Potash Mixture No. 3

Bone and Potash Mixture No. 2

Bone and Potash Mixture No. 1

8-4.50-7 for Tobacco

Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gold Medal Cotton

Grower

Wilson Chemical Co.'s Gold Medal Tobacco

Grower

Planters Formula No. 1

Planters Formula No. 2

W. C. Co.'s Gilt Edge Tobacco Grower

East Carolina Cotton Grower

East Carolina Tobacco Grower

Cotton States Standard

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

H. G. 16 Per Cent Kainit

Genuine German Kainit

Winhorne Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. —

High Grade Acid Phosphate

Standard Acid Phosphate

Best Bone and Potash

Soluble Bone and Potash

Winborue's Triumph Guano .•

Winborne's King Guano

Winborne's Special Tobacco Guano .■

Winborne's Crop Grower

Winborne's Excelsior Guano

Florodora Eureka Guano

Climax Peanut Guano

Premium Top Dresser

Special 5-6-7 Truck Guano

Winborne's Tip Top Tobacco Guano

Winborne's Sweet Potato Guano

Big Crop 7 Per Cent Guano

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit ,.

T. W. Wood d Sons, Richmond, Va. —

Wood's Pure Animal Bone Meal Total

Ground Basic Slag Total

Standard H. G. Acid Phosphate

Standard High Grade Acid Phosphate

Standard Bone and Potash Mixture

Standard Corn Fertilizer

Avail.
Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

4.00

16.00

• • • •

14.00

• ■ ■ •

• • • •

10.00

....

5.00

10.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

....

2.00

8.00

3.70

7.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

8.00

2.47

7.00

8.00

2.47

5.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

14.00

50.66
50.00

....

. • . •

16.00

....

....

12.00

16.00

14.00

■ > • •

• • ■ ■

11.00

• • • •

4.00

10.00

• • • ■

2.00

8.00

3.30

4.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

8.00

.82

4.00

6.00

7.40

3.00

6.00

4.10

7.00

6.00

3.30

, 5.00

6.00

2.47

6.00

5.00

5.75

5.00

• ■ • •

15.00

• • • •

....

> ■ ■ •

50.00

• • • •

• • • •

48.00

....

12.00

25.00

2.47

17.00

• • • •

. . ■ •

16.00

• • • •

• • • •

14.00

• • ■ •

* • ■ •

10.00

• • • •

2.00

9.00

1.23

1.00

The BrLLETiK".

85

Xarao and Address of Manufactiu-er and Name of Brand.

Standard Wheat Fertilizer

Standard High Grade Triiclc Fertilizer

Standard Market Grower Fertilizer

Standard Irish Potato Fertilizer '

Standard Vegetable Fertilizer

Standard Potato Fertilizer

Standard Grain and Grass Fertilizer

Standard Crop Grower Fertilizer

Wood's Lawn Enricher

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Kainit

The J. R. Young Fertilizer Co.. Norfo1l\ Vti. —

J. R. Young's 3-8-3 Guano for Cotton

J. R. Young's New Process 2-8-2 Guano for

Tobacco

J. R. Y'oung's New Process 2-8-2 Guano for

Cotton. Corn and Peanuts

Avail.

Phos.

Nitrogen.

Potash.

Acid.

9.00

1.23

1.00

8.00 •

4.93

6.00

S.OO

3.29

4.00

8.00

2.47

10.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

5.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

.8.00

1.03

2.00

6.00

2.47
15.63

3.00
50.6o

• ■ • ■

48.00
12.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

2.47

3.00

8.00

1.65

2.00

»

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR MARCH. 1914.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 3,619,001

Pounds sold for dealers 493,814

Pounds resold for Avarehouses 537,465

Total 4,650,280

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR APRIL, 1914.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 1,420,441

Pounds sold for dealers 142,127

Pounds resold for Avarehouses 190,795

Total 1,753,363

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 35, N{* 7.

JULY, 1914

Whole No. 198

NEW YUKK

Hog Cholera and Its Prevention by the Use of
Anti-Hog Cholera Serum

^ PUBLSHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION
Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District.

R. L. Woodard Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum Red Springs SLxth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

W. J. Shuford Hickory Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiuKEL Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart Assistant Chemist.

J. R. Mullen Assistant Chemist.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant CM-ator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, JR Entomologist.

C. L. Metcalf Assistant Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe. Assistant Veterinarian.

C. E. KORD Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT Horticulturist.

S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill Assistant Horticiilturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sr!oAN Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. E. Bell « Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. B. WILLIAMS Chief in Agronomy.

J. K. Plujimer ■. Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters Plant Breeding.

G. M. G.^RREN Assistant Agronomist in Crops.

*W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins ■■ Soil Survey.

R. C. JURNEY * Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

t Alvin J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming.

}E. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

}C. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

JT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

JA. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

JMrs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Gir's' Clubs.

tMiss Margaret Scott Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

F. N. McDowell, Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. Puckett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

♦Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

tin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Raleigh, N. C.
Hon. W. a. Graham, Commission of Agriculture.

Sir: — I beg to submit herewith manuscript on Hog Cholera and its
prevention by the use of anti-hog cholera serum. I recommend that
this manuscript be published as the July Bulletin.

B. B. Flowe,
State Veterinarian.
Approved for publication.
W. A. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

m

ft

o

a

M

fin

HOG CHOLERA

BY B. B. FLOWE, STATE VETERINARIAN.

Hog cholera is a liigly contagious and infectious disease of hogs. It
is characterized by high' fever, ranging from 104 to 107 degrees Fahren-
heit, loss of appetite, red or purple spots on the belly between the fore-
legs and on the ears, and a niuco-purulent discharge from the nose and
eyes. This discharge often pastes the eyelids together, and causes a
snuffling sound in breathing. In the last stage of the disease, and just
before death, the animal has muscular tremors and wobbling gait.

Period of Incubation.

The period of incubation is the number of days between contracting
the germ causing hog cholera, and the manifestation of the first symp-
toms or evidence of sickness. This time ranges from four to twenty-one
days, depending on the susceptibility of the individual hog and the
virulence of the infection.

An acute form of hog cholera indicates a virulent form of infection,
Avhile a slow or chronic form of hog cholera indicates an infection weak
in virulency.

Symptoms.

A post-mortem and anti-mortem study of hog cholera will show a
greater variety of symptoms than any other disease affecting hogs.
For this reason, it is often hard for the farmer who has not had special
training along this line to detect the first sick hog in his herd, and
often a large per cent of his hogs are sick before he even suspects they
are sick. Then not being able to detect the nature of the disease he
does nothing until most of his hogs are sick and the first ones to show
any signs of being sick are beginning to die, when it is too late to do
anything. So far, we know nothing that will cure an advanced case of
hog cholera. Then, again, we see in some herds one or two hogs that
contract a mild form of the disease and are off feed for a few days, but
soon recover. From these animals the entire herd may become infected,
and this before cholera is even suspected.

In the chronic form we are more apt to be deceived, and this is es-
pecially so when there has been a previous outbreak of an acute form
on the farm. This is so because in the chronic form the affected hogs
will linger along for weeks and sometimes for more than a month before .
. they finally die, or recover, as the case may be. But the acute form
usually wipes the entire herd out within a short time after it first gains
jentrance in the herd.

Among the first symptoms seen in hogs affected with cholera is a loss
of appetite, a tendency to hide in the litter or some secluded place and
if forced to get up they show a stiffness in their gait, as if they had
tender feet, and the back is usually more or less arched. At first there

6 The Bulletin

is a tendency towards constipation which is followed in a few days by
a very fetid diarrhea. In light skin hogs, and at times in dark skin
hogs, a red or purple discoloration of the skin can be detected along the
belly between the fore legs and at the base of the ears. This symptom
is not always present but is frequently seen. When cholera is suspected,
it is well to secure a clinical thermometer and take the temperature of
a number of those hogs that are eating and apparently well.

We frequently find in a herd where there has been one or more sick
hogs for several days a number of the hogs apparently well showing a
temperature as high as 104 to 107 degrees Fahrenheit, and even higher.
Hogs affected with cholera will often carry these high temperatures from
three to five days and appear to be entirely healthy, but are ready to
come down with an acute form of cholera. The normal temperature of
a hog is from 101 to 102 degrees Fahrenheit.

Owing to the high temperature, lack of appetite and general depres-
sion, vomiting, thumps, quick or jerky breathing is frequent. The
niuco-purulent secretion from the eyes often becomes so heavy that the
eyelids are adhered together causing the hog to become blind.

The most striking difference between the acute and chronic form of
cholera is the duration of the disease. In the chronic form the tem-
perature is not so high. The hog may continue to eat a little every
day but becomes unthrifty and emaciated and may linger along in this
condition for three or four weeks before dying. The acute form us-
ually terminates in death between the eighth and fourteenth day.

When there is any doubt of the sick hogs being affected with cholera,
a post-mortem examination should be made on one of the sick hogs in
order to make an accurate diagnosis.

PosT-MoRTEM Appearances.

Skin. — A close examination of the skin will show red or purple spots
along the belly, between the fore and hind legs and at the base of the
ears; this is especially so in light skin hogs. In chronic cases the skin
may become dry and hard and slough out in places. The ears and tail
may also slough off.

Stomach. — The mucous membrane or inner lining of the stomach may
be very much inflamed and red, frequently showing evidence of ulcers.

Lymphatic Glands. — Enlarged, congested, showing hemorrhagic spots
when cut open. Of these glands receiving special attention in hog
cholera are the mesenteric glands, or those along the intestines ; lumbar
and retroperitoneal are those lying near the back wall of the abdominal
cavity; the lymphatic glands found near the angle of the jaw; the medi-
astinal and bronchial glands in the region of the heart and lungs, and
the inguinal glands found beneath the skin high upon the inside of the
thigh.

Intestines. — The inner lining, or the mucous membrane of the intes-
tines, especially near the ilco-cecal valve, the place where the small in-
testine opens into the large intestine, may be congested and covered
with small red spots. At this point in the intestine it is not uncommon
to see ulcers varying in size and shape. One of the most constant is the
somewhat circular button-shaped uleer standing out from the surround-

The Bulletin 7

ing mucous membrane, with a greenish-yellow center. The outer sur-
face of the large and small intestines may be literally covered with
bloody spots. Small greenish-yellow ulcers may be seen on the outer
surface of both small and large intestines.

Spleen. — Almost without exception, the spleen or ''milt" is enlarged,
dark and soft and covered with small red spots and easily ruptured.

Kidneys. — When the capsule, or covering of the kidney is removed,
dark red spots are seen. Frequently these hemorrhagic spots are so
numerous that it reminds one of the speckling of a turkey's egg. Con-
gestion and hemorrhagic spots are also detected when the kidney is
cut open.

Figure 2. — -Ulcers (large intestine), chronic form.

Figure 3. — "Button ulcers" (large intestine), chronic form.

Bladder. — The inner lining of the bladder may be found congested
with numerous hemorrhagic spots on the surface.

Heart. — -Numerous petechise and hemmorrhagic spots may be found on
the heart.

Lungs. — In well defined cases of cholera small red or hemorrhagic
spots may be found on the lungs. Again large, dark, consolidated spots
are found, due to congestion and collapse of the lung tissue. In the
chronic form pus may be found in the lungs. Sometimes the lungs are
adherred to the chest walls and diaphragm.

Symptoms Usually Found in Well Defined Cases of Hog Cholera.

Anti-Mortem.. — Lack of appetite, unthrifty, high temperature, emacia-
tion, arched back, wobbling gait, red or purple skin along the belly be-

The Bulletin

FiGUEK 4. — Kidney, showing typical lesions of hos cholera (hemorrhagic spots).

The Bulletin

to
o

M

o

tH

t4

10 The Bulletin

tween front and hind legs and base of ears, and constipation followed
by diarrhea.

Post-Mortem. — Hemmorrhagic spots on kidney, lung, intestinal lesions
and congestion of lymphatic glands. Congested spleen studded with
petechise spots.

Infected Premises.

The length of time before it is safe to put non-immune hogs t)n in-
fected premises will depend largely upon the character of the grounds
infected. If the grounds are well drained and are not covered with too
much litter, so that the rays of the sun will reach all parts of the ground,
it would probably be safe to add susceptible hogs to the premises in
three months. But, if the grounds are not well drained and have low, wet
or marshy places, it would not be safe to add susceptible hogs to the
grounds under twelve months, or even longer. When conditions will
permit every effort possible should be made to thoroughly disinfect the
infected premises before hogs that are susceptible to cholera are added
to the premises.

Sanitation,

Under the ordinary farm conditions, it is practically impossible to
disinfect thorough enough to kill out all of the hog cholera infection, but
where possible all litter should be raked up and burned. This can be
done in small lots and should be followed with a spray of a five per cent
solution of carbolic acid, lysol, creolin or any other reliable disinfectant,
and a liberal application of lime. The pens and houses can be disin-
fected in a like manner; if they are inexpensive , ones it would be better
to tear them down and burn them. All mud holes and cesspools should
be drained and filled up.

If these measures are followed one would most likely be safe in add-
ing susceptible hogs to the premises. If the hog lots or pastures can be
used for any other purpose and ncAV quarters can be found for the hogs,
it would be much safer.

Susceptible hogs should be treated with anti-hog cholera serum if they
are to be placed on the infected grounds under twelve months. Since it
is practically impossible to thoroughly disinfect a large premise, the
hogs should be immuned to cholera before they are allowed access to the
infected grounds, but bear in mind it is always well to use disinfectants
liberally around hog houses.

When cholera has broken out in a herd of hogs in a field, this field
should be covered with a heavy application of lime, and a crop groAvn on
it for one year before it is used again, unless the hogs are "immune."

Some of the Ways by Which Hog Cholera is Spread.

It is well to bear in mind that every case of hog cholera comes from
a previous case of cholera. It is impossible to produce a case of cholera
without having the germs that cause hog cholera. No matter how
filthy the lots or pens in which the hogs are kept, they cannot have
cholera unless the germs from a previous case of cholera are introduced.
The disease cannot arise spontaneously. All secretions and excretions
are laden with the infection and if allowed to enter into a susceptible
hog's system will produce cholera.

The Bulletin

11

i(wd§m}i»'-^^^'^^^^'^

(From group in State Museum — mounted by T. W. Adickes. )
Figure 6. — Buzzards feeding on cholera carcass.

12 The Bulletin

Since liog cholera must come from some previous case of cholera, it
behooves us to see that the carcasses of all hogs dying from cholera are
properly disposed of. The infected lots and pens should be held under
strict quarantine. All cholera carcasses should be burned or buried
deep and covered with lime. Cholera may be carried from an infected
premise by dogs, cats, rabbits, crows, pigeons,- buzzards or any other
animal that moves from one place to another.

The Turkey Buzzard.

The turkey buzzard is one of the three worst agents by which hog'
cholera is disseminated in this State. The other two are free range,
and running streams and overflows. Whenever the carcass of an animal
is left on top of the ground, no matter what was the cause of death, the
buzzards are certain to be attracted to the carcass. If the carcass is
one of a cholera hog they feed upon it and fly away to some other farm,
at times many miles away and they are certain to carry the hog cholera
germs with them. If these germs are deposited in reach of other hogs
they are certain to cause an outbreak of cholera. The importance of
burying all carcasses, especially all cholera carcasses and carcasses of
other infectious diseases, cannot be emphasized too much."

There is a general impression among, all farmers that the buzzards
are protected by laAv. This seems to be an erroneous idea. x\fter a
considerable search of the statute, we have been unable to find any law
that would protect the buzzard. Since there is no question but what the
buzzard disseminates disease germs, especially hog cholera gernis, every
farmer would be justifiable in killing all the buzzards he possibly can.

KuNNiNG Streams and Overflows.

The infection can be carried for miles down a running stream. If
infected hogs are alloAved access to the stream of water running through
the farm, the stream then becomes a source of disseminating the infection
over a wide area. So it is not safe to allow^ hogs to have access to run-
ning streams that do not have their origin on the farm.

The overflows in the Eastern part of this State are a source of dis-
seminating the infection over a wide area. Especially is this so where
the dead hogs are not properly disposed of, o^ where the hogs die in the
swamps and no attempt is made to locate and bury them.

Often hogs in the free-range territory die from cholera in a running
stream or in large swamps and are never seen by their owners. These
hogs serve as centers from Avhich infection is scattered broadcast during
overflows.

Public Roads.

The public roads are another source of disseminating the infection.
Sick hogs often have access to the public roads and leave them infected.
It then becomes dangerous to drive Avell hogs on the public highway.

Show Hogs.

Often hogs contract cholera at shows and when brought back to
the farm, and turned in the lots with the other hogs, become the agent by

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which the entire herd is infected. All hogs coming from the shows or
new hogs being added to the herd should be held under quarantine at
least three weeks before they are allowed to run with the other hogs.

Public Stock Yards.

All public stock yards are infected with hog cholera germs. It is
unsafe to purchase hogs from stock yards for breeding or feeding pur-
poses. Nor should hogs intended for breeding or feeding purposes be
unloaded in pens to be fed unless these pens are thoroughly disinfected.
The cars in which the hogs are shipped should be thoroughly disin-
fected before the hogs are loaded. .All hogs unloaded in public stock
yards, not intended for immediate slaughter, should be treated with
anti-hog cholera serum.

Infected Hogs Running at Large.

In the territory where live stock run at large, we find a larger per
cent of hog cholera. This is due to hogs affected with cholera coming-
in contact with hogs from adjoining farms. In this way the infection
in often spread from farm to farm.

Visitors. — Hog cholera infection can be carried on the shoes and
clothes of people. It is unsafe for any one to visit an infected herd and
return to their own or any other herd of hogs.

Garbage. — Uncooked garbage from hotels, restaurants or other sources
is dangerous. We know of no instance in this State where uncooked
garbage has been fed for any length of time where cholera did not
develop. Feed it only to immuned hogs or have it thoroughly cooked.

The Annual Loss in the United States from Hog Cholera.

The annual loss of hogs in the United States from hog cholera is
estimated at the enormous sum of sixty million ($60,000,000) dollars.
If this enormous loss of a preventable disease was checked it would gO'
a long ways in reducing the high cost of pork.

The Annual Loss in JNTorth Carolina.

According to the best information we have the annual loss from hog
cholera in North Carolina, both direct and indirect, is considerably
over three quarters of a million dollars ($750,000). This enormous-
loss is going on while many thousands of dollars are being sent out of
the State annually for pork, lard and other meat products.

Susceptibility.

Young pigs and young shoats are more susceptible than older hogs,,
but often we find the older hogs the first to succumb to the disease.

As to the susceptibility of the different breeds, we do not believe there
is any difference. The "scrub" hog and "mule-footed hog" succumb to
the disease as readily as the pure breeds.

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Mortality.

The mortality will vary in different localities and on different farms.
When cholera first makes its appearance in a locality" the per cent of
deaths, as a rule, is higher than it is at the end of the outbreak. The
same is also true in communities where cholera has appeared for a
number of years in succession. The per cent of losses Avill range around
fifty per cent in some localities ; in other as high as ninety-five per cent.
This depends on the virulency of infection and the susceptibility of the
hogs.

As a rule hogs recovering from cholera are greatly depreciated in
value. Unless the hogs are exceptionally valuable ones, it would be
more economical to destroy and burn them when they have developed a
well defined case of cholera.

Anti-Hog Cholera Serum.

In order to make potent anti-hog cholera serum, it is necessary to
select a hog that is "immune" to cholera. This hog is one that has
been treated with serum and virus at least twenty-one days, or one that
has recovered from an attack of cholera. One attack of cholera confers
life immunity. Into this "immune" hog ten cubic centimeters of virus
are injected direct or indirect into the circulation for every pound of
live weight. This hog is then known as a hyper-immune.

In the course of eight to ten days the hyper-immune is bled by the tail,
taking as much blood as the hog will stand. As soon as the hog recovers
from the effect of having a large quantity of blood removed from it,
which is about a week, the hog is then bled again and this is continued
until four bleedings have been made. Then the hog is re-hyperimmun-
ized and bled four more times. This is continued until the tail becomes
short, when the final bleeding is made by cutting the throat, and all of
the blood is removed.

The blood from the tail and throat of the hyper-immunized hog is
defibernated (the clot is removed) leaving the liquid j^ortion of the blood,
which is the serum. To this serum is added enough carbolic acid to
make one-half of a one per cent solution. The acid is added as a pre-
servative. This serum is a preventive to hog cholera and cannot produce
hog cholera because it contains the anti-bodies which are antagonistic
to the germs of hog cholera.

Virus.

The virus used to hyper-immunize the immune hog is secured by in-
jecting a small amount of virus (the liquid portion of the blood) from
an acute case of hog cholera into a susceptible hog, or by exposing a
susceptible hog to hog cholera infection. When the hog has developed an
acute case of cholera, the hog is bled by the throat and the blood is then
defibernated. The virus or liquid portion of the blood is injected direct
or indirect into the circulation of the immune hog.

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Figure 11. — Bleeding by throat for virus.

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■Anti-Hog Cholera Serum.
(The only known preventive for hog cholera.)

There are thousands of dollars spent annually for so-called sure hog
cholera "cures." Agricultural papers are full of very attractive adver-
tisements of fake remedies. To spend money for such "fakes" is
nothing less than throwing it away.

It would be well to bear in mind that all i:)roducts advertised as "cures"
for hog cholera are worthless ; also that a large per cent of the serum and
vaccines will not prevent hog cholera.

Anti-hog cholera serum, if properly prepared and administered will,
without a doubt, prevent hog cholera but very little is claimed for it as
a curative agent.

"Wats of Yaccinating.

There are two ways by which hogs may be vaccinated with anti-hog
cholera serum, the Serum Alone Method and the Serum Simultaneous
Method. The Serum Alone Method consists of injecting the required
amount of serum into the tissues of the hogs with a hypodermic syringe.
The Serum Simultaneous Method consists of injecting the serum as in
the Serum Alone Method, but at the same time a small amount of virus
is injected.

The Serum Alone Method only confers immunity for a very short
period, varying from four to eight weeks, whereas the Serum Simul-
taneous Method confers immunity, varying from a few months in very
young pigs to life immunity in older hogs.

As there is considerable danger attached to the Serum Simultaneous
Method, it is not safe to put this method of treatment into the hands
of persons who have not had special training for this purpose. This
is so because a small per cent of the hogs treated by this method develop
hog cholera and die. This is so when the method is applied by men
who have had long training and wide experience in using the serum
and virus. We think it would be a great mistake to distribute the virus
with the serum over the State to any one applying for it. If this was
done we would expect to see the entire State sooner or later "fired" with
hog cholera. There is no danger of producing hog cholera by using the
Serum Alone Method, and for this reason we think it is the only
method to place in the hands of the untrained.

The serum is sent direct to any one ordering it, with full directions
for using. If the directions are followed closely good results will follow.
It is always better, whenever possible, to have some one inject the serum
who has at least seen it injected, if they have not done so themselves.
Our advice would be to employ a graduate veterinarian when possible
and have him inject the serum for you.

How AND When to Use Serum.

The Serum Alone Method only gives temporary immunity lasting from
four to eight weeks, an average of about six weeks. It is rather expensive
to keep a herd of hogs immuned by his method. We believe it would
be cheaper where a permanent herd is to be kept for breeding purposes

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to use the Simultaneous or Double treatment. This would insure pro-
tection at all times to the foundation of the herd.

The owner of a herd of hogs should not delay any longer than possible
in securing the serum and injecting his hogs when it becomes known that
they have been exposed to cholera, or when it is known that cholera is
in his commiinity, if there is any possibility of the infection gaining
entrance to his herd through any of the many channels of entrance.

When the serum is used shortly before or very soon after the hogs are
exposed to cholera infection the per cent protected is often as high as a
hundred, but usually ranges around 95 per cent. After cholera has
gained entrance in a herd and a portion of the hogs are showing physi-
cal or thermal symptoms of cholera, the per cent saved of the remaining
apparently well hogs will not be so high, but a good per cent of those
showing no physical or thermal symptoms will be protected.

When a large number of hogs in a herd become sick and begin to die
it is pretty safe to say that they are affected with hog cholera. Imme-
diate steps should be taken to secure the serum and inject the remaining
well hogs.

To inject the serum one must have a hypodermic syringe (preferably a
20 or 30 c.c. glass barreled one). This syringe should be sterilized
by being boiled in water for fifteen or twenty minutes. Before using,
the mouth of the serum bottle should be wiped off with a five per cent
solution of carbolic acid and the serum then poured into the receptacle
with a cover. Both the receptacle and cover should have been boiled in
water for fifteen or twenty minutes and allowed to cool before pouring
the serum into it. Keep the cover on all the time except when the
serum is being poured into or taken from the receptacle. The hands
of the person injecting the serum should be washed before beginning
and kept clean all the time. Do not allow the syringe or needle to come
in contact with soiled objects.

The serum is injected into the tissues either on the inside of the thigh
or into the loose tissues between the foreleg and body. The needle is
inserted perpendicularly to the depth of one-half or one inch, depending
upon the size of the hog. The serum is then injected and the needle
Avithdrawn. Before the needle is inserted the skin at the point selected
should be washed with soap and water and then scrubbed with a reliable
disinfectant, such as a five per cent solution of carbolic acid, lysol or
creolin.

Hogs in infected herds showing a temperature above 104 degrees F.
are considered to be affected with cholera. The hogs showing high tem-
peratures should be given a double dose of serum ; apparently well hogs
in infected herds should be given more serum than hogs in non-infected
herds. (See dose table.)

The Serum as a Cure for Hog Cholera.

No claim is made that the serum will "cure" a well developed case
of hog cholera. A small per cent of the hogs showing a temperature
above 104 degrees Fahrenheit will, if given a large dose of serum, make

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a recovery. We believe the per cent of recoveries will justify the ex-
pense of the serum used.

Vaccinating Infected Herds.

Do not fail to take the temperature of all hogs in infected herds.
Those showing a temperature of 104 degrees or higher should be given
a double dose of serum.

jNTever use the Simultaneous treatment in infected herds (they already
have enough infection). Hogs injected with a protective dose of serum
and left in infected lots or pens for three weeks will, in all probability,
contract enough infection to produce the same immunity as those treated
with the Simultaneous method. However, one can never be sure of
this.

The Dose of Serum.

Care should be used in estimating the weight of every hog injected
because the amount of serum to be used will depend on the weight of
the hog and not on the age. Always be certain not to underestimate
the weight ; it is much better to overestimate than to underestimate. If
the weight is underestimated and too small a dose of serum is given, the
hog will not be protected from cholera. There is no danger in giving an
overdose of serum ; the larger the dose the more certain the protection.

Avoid turning the hogs into muddy, filthy or dusty lots after they are
injected. It is better to keep them in a lot for several days until the
puncture wound caused by the needle has had time to heal. If the wound
becomes infected abscesses may follow. When abscesses form they
should be opened and washed with an antiseptic solution.

A complete and accurate record should be kept by every farmer using
the serum. He should record the number of hogs that have died from
hog cholera at the time the serum is injected; also keep a record of the
number of sick hogs in the infected lots ; how many treated with serum ;
and the number of both treated and not treated that die. Don't fail to
take the temperature of all hogs in an infected herd. Those that show
a temperature of 104 degrees Fahrenheit are considered affected with
hog cholera.

The Serum Plant.

The J^orth Carolina Department of Agriculture has erected and
equipped a modern anti-hog cholera serum plant. It is the Department's
purpose to make and distribute a potent serum to the farmers of the
State at cost of production.

In 1911 the charge for the serum was two and one-half cents per cubic
centimeter. This has been gradually reduced until it is now being dis-
tributed for one and one-quarter cents per cubic centimeter, the cost
of production.

Tested Serum.

All serum should be tested for potency before it is used in the field.
Serum sent out by this Department is tested in the following manner.
The bleedings from the tail and the final bleeding by the throat of a
number of hyperimmune hogs are thoroughly mixed, which is then

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tested on susceptible pigs. The test is made by injecting two cubic
centimeters of virus into each of four susceptible pigs (25 to 35 pounds)
preferably from the same litter. These pigs are then injected with
■different amounts of serum. No. 1 would get two cubic centimeters of
virus and twenty cubic centimeters of serum ; 'No. 2, fifteen cubic centi-
meters of serum and two cubic centimeters of virus. No. 3, ten cubic
centimeters of serum and two cubic centimeters of virus ; No. 4 would get
two cubic centimeters of virus and no serum. If No. 4 dies within
fifteen days and Nos. 1, 2, and 3 show no signs of sickness, we then know
that the virus used was virulent and that the serum protected Nos. 1, 2,
and 3 from what would have been a fatal dose of virus.

Directions for Ordering Serum.

The serum will be shipped, by express, C.O.D., to any one ordering
it, unless check or money order accompanies the order. Do not fail to
give correct address.

Always state correctly the amount of serum wanted, or give the
weight of each hog to be treated. If a hypodermic syringe is desired,
state so in your order, otherwise it will not be sent. A twenty cubic
centimeter glass barreled syringe will be sent at cost, $1.75, if ordered.

The serum will be shipped in the following size bottles :

30 c.c, 50 c.c, 100 c.c, 120 c.c, 150 c.c, ISO c.c, 200 c.c, 250 c.c,
500 c.c, 750 c.c, and 1000 c.c.

The cost of the serum is one and one-quarter cents per cubic centimeter.
No serum will be taken back; when the serum is placed in the exj^ress
office it becomes your serum.

Address all communications for serum to the State Veterinarian,
Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C.

Vaccination Doses.

It requires more serum per pound of weight to "immunize" young
pigs than is required to "immunize" older hogs.

Cholera-free Herds. Infected Herds.

Suckling pigs 5 to 10 c.c. 10 to 15 c.c.

25 to 50 pounds 20 c.c. 25 c.c.

50 to 100 pounds 25 c.c 30 cc.

100 to 150 pounds 30 cc 40 c.c.

150 to 200 pounds 40 c.c. 50 c.c.

■200 to 250 pounds 50 c.c. 60 c.c

250 to 300 pounds 60 cc. 70 c.c.

300 to 350 pounds 65 c.c. 75 cc

350 to 400 pounds 70 cc 80 cc.

All over 400 pounds 80 c.c. 90 c.c.

Penalty for Allowing Diseased Hogs to Run at Large.

"If any person having swine affected with the disease known as hog
cholera, or any other infectious or contagious disease, and discovering
the same, or to whom notice of the fact shall be given, shall fail of neg-

28 The Bulletin

lect for five days to secure the diseased swine from the approach or con- 1
tact with other hogs not so affected, by penning or otherwise securing
and eifectually isolating them, so that they shall not have access to any
ditch, canal, branch, creek, river, or other watercourse w^hich passes be-
yond the premises of the owners of such swine, he shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not exceeding fifty
dollars or imprisoned not exceeding thirty days." — Section 3297 of the
Revisal of 1905 of North Carolina; 1889, ch. 173, sec. 1; 1891, ch. 67,
sees. 1, 3; 1903, ch. 106; 1899, ch. 47.

Penalty fok Failure to Properly Dispose of Carcasses of Animals
Dying from Infectious Diseases.

''If any hog or other animal shall die with the hog cholera or other
infectious disease, and the owner thereof shall fail to burn or to so bury
the same as to secure it from the reach or contact with other hogs or
other domestic animals of value, or if he shall throw or place such hog
or other animal in any ditch, canal, branch, creek, river, or other water-
courses passing beyond his own premises, he shall be guilty of a mis-
demeanor and upon conviction shall be fined not more than fifty dollars
or imprisoned not more than thirty days." — Section 3298 of the Re-
visal of 1905 of North Carolina; 1889, ch. 173, sec. 2; 1891, ch. 67. sees
2, 3; 1903, ch. 106; 1899, ch. 1^7.

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LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR MAY, 1914

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 174,981

Pounds sold for dealers 33,257

Pounds resold for warehouse 2,360

Total 210,598

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTIVIENT OF AGRICULTURE,

RALEIGH

Hh

Vol. 35, No. 8.

AUGUST, 1914.

Whole No. 199.

CORN SILAGE AND COTTON-SEED HULLS
FOR FATTENING BEEF CATTLE

Good Steers Properly Fed Bring Permanent Improvement on the Farm.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven ..First District.

K. W. Barnes Lucama... Second District.

R. L. WooDARD Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe _ Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott ..Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

W.J. Shuford , ..Hickory . Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF.

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones. Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. Pickel Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart ._ Assistant Chemist.

J. R. Mullen .Assistant Chemist.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes. Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

C. L. Metc.vlf ._ Assistant Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

C. E. KoRD :. __ Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT Horticulturist.

S. B. Shaw ..Assistant Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill.. Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sloan Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist.

E. W. Thornton ..Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. B. WILLIAMS Chief in Agronomy.

J. K. Pldmmer Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters Plant Breeding.

G. M. Garren ..Assistant Agronomist in Crops.

*W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins ..Soil Survey.

R. C. Jurney Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waxdron Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY... Chief in Animal Industry.

R. S. Curtis.. Associate Chief in Animal Industry, Beef Cattle and Sheep.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

TAlvin J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming.

L. W. Shook Assistant in Beef Cattle, Sheep, and Swine.

tF. T. Peden Assistant in Beef Cattle.

C. B. Ross Poultry Clubs.

J. D. McVean Pig Clubs.

JE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

JC. R. Hudson Farm Demoristration Work.

JT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

|A. K. Robertson.. ..Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

JMrs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Girls' Clubs.

tMiss Margaret Scott...* Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

F. N. McDowell, Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jbfferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. PocKETT, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, .-Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

'Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

tin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Hon. W. a. Geaham,

Commissioner of Agriculture ,' *

Raleigh, N. C.

Sir: — I submit herewith manuscript for a bulletin on Corn Silage
and Cotton-seed Hulls for Fattening Beef Cattle. This important ex-
periment was made on the Iredell Test Farm during the winter of 1913-
1914, and should be considered a report of the progress of the Avork, as
plans are made for continuing these and similar experiments on the
Iredell Test Farm until the prominent questions relating to the fatten-
ing of beef cattle during the winter months have been thoroughly and
carefully studied.

I recommend the publication of this report as the August Bulletin.

Very respectfully,

Dan T. Gray,

Chief in Animal Industry.
Approved for printing :

"W. A. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

SUMMARY STATEMENTS.

The lot of cattle fed cotton-seed meal and corn silage made only slightly
larger gains than those fed cotton-seed meal and cotton-seed hulls. Lot 1
made an average daily gain of 1.62 pounds and Lot 2 1.63 pounds during the
experimental period of 112 days.

The steers in Lot 1 were fed an average of 21.95 pounds of cotton-seed
hulls per steer daily during the experimental period. The steers in Lot 2
were fed an average of 42.46 pounds of corn silage per steer daily during the
experimental period. According to the gains made, this showed a relative
feeding value of approximately one pound of cotton-seed hulls to two pounds
of corn silage.

It required 1,352.2 pounds of cotton-seed hulls in conjunction with 458
pounds of cotton-seed meal to make 100 pounds gain, and 2,611.4 pounds of
corn silage in conjunction with 458 pounds of cotton-seed meal to make 100
pounds gain. This shows that it takes, on the average, about two' pounds of
corn silage to replace one pound of cotton-seed hulls under the conditions of
this experiment.

It cost $11.43 to make 100 pounds gain in the lot fed cotton-seed meal and
cotton-seed hulls, and $10.92 in the lot fed cotton-seed meal and corn silage,
the difference being 51 cents per hundred pounds in favor of the corn-silage-
fed cattle.

When the steers were finished, those fed cotton-seed hulls for roughage
were valued at $7.50 per cwt. and those fed corn silage $7.70 per cwt. This
decision was corroborated by the slaughter data obtained at the abattoir.
The silage-fed cattle were thicker and more uniformly covered with fat.

The comparative profit per steer in Lot 1 fed cotton-seed hulls for rough-
age, eliminating freight, cost of labor, and bedding, was $8.29 per steer. The
comparative profit per steer in Lot 2 fed corn silage for roughage was $11.36
per steer, showing a difference of $3.07 in favor of the corn-silage-fed cattle.

The shipping data obtained on these cattle showed that the steers fed corn
silage did not shrink any more than steers fed cotton-seed hulls under like
conditions otherwise. The average net shrink per steer from Statesville,
.N. C, to Richmond, Va., was slightly less than 45 pounds.

CORN SILAGE AND COTTON-SEED HULLS
FOR FATTENING BEEF CATTLE

WORK CONDUCTED AT

IREDELL TEST FARM, STATESVILLE, N. C.

BV

R. S. CURTIS, L. W. SHOOK, F. T. MEACHAM.

INTRODUCTION. -

A great deal of interest lias developed recently in the winter feeding
of beef cattle. This is due to two conditions : first, because of the desire
to incorporate the fertilizing value of cotton-seed meal in the form of
manure, and, second, to utilize cheap or unsalable feeds in the roughage
part of the ration and in the bedding to add humus to the soil. There is
thus a twofold reason for feeding cattle, either of which is of much
greater importance than ordinarily considered. Experimental workers
and farmers who haA^e had experience will admit that under present con-
ditions there is, many times, no profit in the winter cattle-feeding indus-
try, excluding the value of the manure. The manurial benefit to the
land, however, is considered to be of unquestionable value.

This brings up the problem of the most feasible plan to follow in pre-
paring fattening cattle for the market. The southern farmer usually
has a number of roughage feeds available, and with comparatively little
eifort others of value can be provided. Cotton-seed hulls is the standard
roughage feed throughout the South, and while acceptable in many
respects as a roughage feed, it must be purchased direct from the cotton-
seed oil mills. It is generally admitted that the farmer should not pur-
chase roughage feeds, although cotton-seed hulls can sometimes be used
to advantage either as a whole or a part of the roughage ration.

One of the principal drawbacks to the use of cotton-seed hulls is the
fact that they cannot be used in conjunction with cotton-seed meal for
a sufficient length of time to put cattle in prime market condition. For
this reason it is an important problem to determine whether a substitute
can be profitably used, either as a whole or a part of the roughage ration.
The following results were obtained from an experiment designed to de-
teraiine the feasibility of the plan suggested.

LOCATION OF WORK.

' The results of the work herein rej)orted were obtained from two car-
loads of forty-eight grade Shorthorn steers fed on the Iredell Test Farm
at Statesville, N". C. The results Avere obtained under the best of experi-
mental conditions. The feeding was done by a competent man during
the entire feeding period of four and one-half months.

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Work of this character in Iredell County is of unusual importance,
owing to the natural conditions for cattle feeding and the great interest
which was manifested in this experiment. At the close of the experiment
a meeting was held to explain the results which had been obtained.
Although an inclement day, a very acceptable number of farmers was
present to learn the results and see the finished cattle.

Fig. 2. A Group of the Steers Fed Cotton-seed Meal and Cotton-seed Hulls.

The conditions in this and surrounding counties for winter cattle feed-
ing are especially favorable because of the proximity to oil mills and the
fact that an unusual amount of roughage feed is produced which is avail-
able both for feeding and bedding purposes. While the local markets for
cattle are not the most desirable, easy access can be had to the best east-
ern markets.

OBJECTS OF EXPERIMENT.

The fundamental object of the experiment was to determine the com-
parative value of corn silage and cotton-seed hulls each in conjunction
with a like amount of cotton-seed meal. This problem redivides itself
into two sub-problems, the first being to determine the average daily and
total gains made, the cost of same, and, second, the market value of the
finished animals fed on the two rations in conjunction with cotton-seed
meal.

The importance of this problem is not fully recognized by the farmer
until his finished animals are offered for sale. The average farmer is
usually not fully acquainted with market conditions. He is, therefore,
unable to fully appreciate the value of a feed which will finish cattle in
prime condition and enable him to command remunerative prices. Sufii-
cient importance is not attached to the difference between producing gain
on an animal and obtaining a wide margin, that is, the difference between
the buying and selling price. Some feeds make acceptable gains, but do

The Bulletin. 7

not ]3roduce a desirable finish, upon Avhicli the amount of margin depends
ahnost Avholly. These factors thus briefly explained are the important
objects of the work.

PLAN OF WORK.

The experiment was planned so that every condition would be the same
in each lot of cattle except the variation in the roughage rations, which
Avas the real nucleus of the experiment. The cattle were divided into six
pens of eight steers each. Three pens of cattle were fed corn silage and
three pens cotton-seed hulls, thus making a car-load in each lot. Two
pens of the com-silage-fed cattle and two pens of the cotton-seed-hulls-
fed cattle were fed on the south side of the cattle barn. The third pen
of corn-silage-fed and cotton-seed-hulls-fed cattle were fed on the north
side of the barn. xVll shelter and exposure conditions were therefore
exactly the same.

The cattle were divided into the two lots of twenty-four head each as
equally in weight, quality, and condition as possible. The preliminary
rations were the same for each lot. This period extended from October
15, 1913, to November 2, 1913, inclusive, the total preliminary period
being 19 days. During this time the roughage ration remained the same
for all the cattle, and the cotton-seed meal was increased uniformly
toward the standard or experimental ration, which was 7.5 pounds per
animal daily.

Table 1-KIND AND AVERAGE QUANTITY OF FEEDS GIVEN PER STEER DAILY

DURING THE EXPERIMENTAL PERIOD.

Period.

Lot 1 (24 Steers).

Lot 2 (24 Steers).

November 3, 1913, to February 22,
1914—112 Days.

7.45 pounds cotton-seed meaL__
21.95 pounds cotton-seed hulls..-

7.45 pounds cotton-seed meal.
42.46 pounds corn silage.

The foregoing table brings out clearly the method of comparison. The
daily cotton-seed meal ration is the same for each lot, the only variation
being in the amount of roughage feeds fed as indicated.

At the beginning of the final or experimental period one lot- of cattle
was put on cotton-seed hulls and the other lot on corn silage. This
marked the date of comparative results herein given. The increase in
cotton-seed meal was continued until ISTovember 15, when all the cattle
were placed on the standard ration of 7.5 pounds per animal daily. The
ration of each lot was increased to 8 pounds on January 26, 1914, just
four weeks prior to the close of the experiment. With the exception of
, the last three days of the feeding period the rations were continued as
outlined. On February 23 they were changed somewhat to prepare the
steers for shipment. This consisted in a reduction of the cotton-seed meal
and the introduction of cotton-seed hulls in the ration of the corn-silage-
fed cattle.

8

The Bulletin.

The comparative results as given in this bulletin include the data from
November 3, 1913, to February 22, 1914, inclusive, making the total
■experimental period 112 days

The data given in the financial statements

Fig.

A Group of the Steers Fed Cotton-seed Meal and Corn Silage.

includes all items of expenditure from the time the cattle were loaded
for shipment to the feed lot until they were loaded and turned over to
the commission buyer at the local shipping station.

LENGTH OF EXPERIMENT.

The length of the experiment has been treated elsewhere in consider-
able detail. The preliminary period was 19 days, the experimental
period 112 days, and the period preparatory to shipment 3 days, making
a total feeding period of 134 days. The most important point to bring
out in this connection is the fact that the experimental period was not
of sufficient length to bring out the characteristic difference in the value
of the two roughage feeds used.

Former experiments* show that for about 100 days the results ob-
tained from using cotton-seed hulls and corn silage in conjunction with
cotton-seed meal are not greatly different. It is after the expiration of
the one-hundred-day period or thereabouts that marked differences in
the value of these feeds usually occur. Even under the conditions of
this experiment, however, there was a marked difference in the results,
but more especially in the value of the finished animals. The difference
in the gains was not as great as would have been likely had the feeding
been continued for a longer period. The results under the conditions of
the experiment were not materially different than anticipated.

*N. C. Exp. Sta. Bulletins, 218-222.

The Bulletin.

KIND OF STEERS USED.

The steers used in this work were purchased in the western or beef
cattle producing section of this State. They were classed as 900-pound
feeders. When taken from the pasture in the mountains they weighed
slightly under 920 pounds per head. The steers were an average grade
of 900-pound feeders usually secured in this State, there being a moder-
ate variation in weight and quality. When the cattle were divided these
qualities were apportioned equally in each of the two lots fed cotton-seed
hulls and corn silage. The cattle were dehorned grade Shorthorns, and
reasonably uniform in weight, quality, and condition at the beginning of
the feeding experiment.

SHELTER AND WATER SUPPLY.

The cattle were fed in a closed barn with a lean-to shed on the south
side, as shown in the illustration. Each of the stalls, including both the
bam and shed portion, was twenty feet wide and twenty-six feet long.
The feed troughs extended entirely across the end of the stalls adjacent
to the alleyway, making two and one-half feet of feeding space for each

Fig. 4. Barn in Which Steers Were Fed;

steer. Both the steers and the manure were kept under cover the entire
time except during the preliminary period in which the steers were left
in the pasture during the daytime. The only exposure was the small
amount of open space at each end of the shed and on the south side of
same where water was provided.

The water was furnished from that collected from the barn roof and

from a well, from which it was pumped by a gasoline engine. The cattle

had water before them at all times. This is a very important matter

both for the farmer and the experimental worker. Cattle fed cotton-

2 — August

10 The Bulletin.

seed hulls should have special attention, owing to the dry, undigestible
nature of this roughage feed. The writers desire to emphasize the neces-
sity of a plentiful and regular water supply for steers, especially since
the idea is prevalent that cattle need only a limited amount of water at
certain times in the day. Better gains will ahvays be secured when the
steers have free access to water.

BEDDING MATERIAL.

The bedding material used consisted of leaves, wheat straw, and corn
stover. A sufficient quantity was used to keep the cattle reasonably clean
and conserve the liquid manure. Bedding is rather difficult to obtain
in many instances for winter cattle feeding work. For this reason, and
the fact that the manure can be so much better saved, it is advisable to
feed entirely under cover, with the exceptions following. Work is under
way in sandy sections of the State to determine the feasibility of feeding
cattle on the land where the manure is to be applied. *A brief summary
of this work has just been published. It is impossible to follow this
practice in the clay sections, however, because of tramping and puddling
the soil.

In this feeding experiment there was no waste roughage, so that the
entire amount of bedding was supplied especially for the purpose. When
corn stover is fed, a large quantity of the coarser material not eaten by
the cattle can be utilized for bedding purposes. These cattle were
bedded on the average about once each week. During bad weather
material was supplied at shorter intervals. During the first part of the
work leaves were used largely. During the last part wheat straw and
com stover were used.

VALUATION OF FEEDS.

A standard market value was placed on each of the feeds used. The
valuations given include the cost of delivery to the farm barn. The
cotton-seed meal was rated at $27.75 per ton, the cotton-seed hulls at
$7.50 per ton, and the average valuation of corn silage was placed at
$3.50 per ton. The latter figure fixing the value of corn silage may be
too high under some conditions in the State and too low in others. This
valuation was fixed "as an average for the whole State.

METHOD AND TIME OF WEIGHING CATTLE.

In the financial statements the mountaiy. weights of the cattle are used
for making the calculations on the initial cost. The final weight is the
same as that used in the -discussion of the experimental results.

In the beginning of the experimental period the cattle were weighed
on three consecutive mornings before being fed and watered, and the
average of these three weights taken for the initial experimental weight.

*N. C. Exp. Sta. Circular-Letter.

The Bulletix.

11

The monthly weights and the final experimental weights were made

always under normal conditions. The cattle were weighed each morning

as nearly the same time as possible before any feed or water had been

given.

METHOD OF FEEDING.

When the cattle first arrived at the farm they were turned on a small
pasture, where they remained in the daytime during the preliminary
period. After this period of nineteen days they were placed in the barn
with eight steers in each of six pens and fed two equal feeds regularly
each morning and evening. The roughage was given in moderately large
quantities and increased gradually until a full feed of corn silage and
cotton-seed hulls were being fed. This consisted on the average during
the experimental period of 21.95 pounds of cotton-seed hulls and 42.46
pounds of corn silage. This is about the proportion in which these two
feeds are usually given in practical feeding work.

Table 2 — AVERAGE DAILY AMOUNT OF COTTON-SEED MEAL, COTTON-SEED HULLS
AND CORN SILAGE FED PER STEER DAILY BY 28-DAY PERIODS, INCLUDING THE
PRELIMINARY AND EXPERIMENTAL PERIOD.

Cotton-seed MeaL

Cotton-seed Hulls.

Corn Silage.

Date Periods.

Lot 1.

Lot 2.

Lotl.

Lot 2.

Lot L

Lot 2.

19 days

2.20
6.79
7.50
7.50
8.00

2.20
6.79
7.50
7.50
8.00

*11.67
22.54
22.47
20.89
20.39

tis.oi

14.80

28 days

38.21

28 days

41.74

28 days

45.00

28 davs

44.80

*Fed two and one-half days. fFed sixteen and one-half days.

The cotton-seed meal Avas fed first at the rate of 1 pound per animal
daily, and increased gradually until the standard ration of 7.5 pounds
per steer daily was reached. In both cases the cotton-seed meal was fed,
mixed with the cotton-seed hulls and corn silage. The roughage feeds
were placed in the troughs first, after which the meal was spread over
them and mixed evenly and thoroughly. Special attention is called here
to the necessity of mixing the cotton-seed meal and roughage feeds
thoroughly. This will prevent some steers from getting more than their
share of the meal, which may thus cause cotton-seed meal sickness or an
uneven finish. Thorough mixing is an inducement for steers to eat all
of their roughage, besides furnishing in each case a A'ery desirable
dilutent for the cotton-seed meal. Successful feeding of cotton-seed meal
depends on two factors : First, the meal must be fed in small quantities
in the beginning and gradually increased ; second, it must be thoroughly
mixed with coarse feeds such as those used in these experiments.

12

The Bulletin.

Fig. 5. The Condition of the Round and Rib of a Representative Steer Taken from

Lot 1 at Beginning of Experiment.
Ration, Cotton-seed Meal and Cotton-seed Hulls.

The Bulletin.

13

Fig. 6. The Condition of the Round and Rib of a Representative Steer Taken from

Lot 2 at Beginning of Experiment.
Ration, Cotton-seed Meal and Corn Silage.

14

The Bulletiis^.

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS.

In comparing the figures on the comparative profit per steer in each
lot, it shoukl be kept clearly in mind that only the cost of the steers, the
cost of feed, and selling price are considered. The freight, labor, bed-

FiG. 7. The Condition of the Loin of a Representative Steer Taken from Lot 1

at Beginning of Experiment.
Ration, Cotton-seed Meal and Cotton-seed Hulls.

ding, and manure are all eliminated from this discussion. Since this is
a determination of the comparative cost, valuation, and profit of the
finished steers, these items are all eliminated to avoid confusion. This is
customary in experimental work of this kind. Even though these items

[

t •-^'^^HiMt

^1

■

1

II « i^i^B

^^^^1

^^H

1

B

^i^^~^^

■

I

^mm

V

•

-^

fMH

Ih

P

Fig. 8. The Condition of the Loin of a Representative Steer Taken from Lot 2

at Beginning of Experiment.
Ration, Cotton-seed Meal and Corn Silage.

The Bulletin.

15

were included, tlie comparative results would be tlie same. However, the
total profit per steer would be reduced. The final results in either case
lead to the same conclusions.

In the financial statements all items of expense are iiicluded from the
time the cattle were loaded in the mountains until they were loaded for
shipment to the final consuming market. The only difference in these
two statements, that is, the experimental data and the financial state-
ment, is that the first is comparative and the second absolute. The ex-
j)erimental statements show what would result if a certain practice was
followed on the farm, while the financial statements show what actually
occurred in this particular experiment from a practical standpoint.

All of the fundamental data obtained during the experimental period
are summarized in the following table. The value of the cattle at the
beginning of the experiment was the same, while at the close there was
a difference of 20 cents per cwt. affixed by three parties in close touch
with market conditions. The initial weight of the cattle was practically
the same, while there was a variation of only three-tenths of a pound in
the average total gain per steer.

Table 3— SUMMARY OF COMPARATIVE RESULTS OBTAINED FROM FEEDING

BEEF CATTLE.

November 3, 1913, to February
22, 1914, Inclusive— 112 Days.

Lot 1—

24 Steers.

Cotton-seed

Meal and

Cotton-seed

Hulls.

Lot2—
24 Steers.

Cotton-seed

Meal and
Corn Silage.

Initial value per cwt

Average initial weight, pounds

Average final weight, pounds

Total gain per steer, pounds

Average daily gain per steer, pounds.

5.75
882.4
1,064.0
181.6
1.62

Cost of feed per cwt. gain

Valuation of steers per cwt

Profit per steer (comparative)..

Profit per steer, all expenses included (per financial statement).

Average profit per steer, exclusive of manure..
Average profit per steer, including manure

11.43
7.50
8.29

5.75
883.8
1,066.0
182.2
1.63

Average Daily Feed Per Steer in Pounds.

Cotton-seed meal

7.45
21.95

7.45

Cotton-seed hulls

Corn silage . .

42.46

Average Amount of Feed Used Per Hundred Pounds Gain.

Cotton-seed meal . . . ..

458.8
1,352.2

458.0

Cotton-seed hulls . . .

Corn silage .... ..

2,611.4

Cost of Feed, Valuation of Steers and Profit.

10.92

7.70

11.36

3.7S

2.19
11.84

16

The Bulletin.

Fig. 9. The Interior of a Slaughtered Carcass from Lot 1 at the Close of the

Experiment.
Ration, Cotton-seed Meal and Cotton-seed Hulls.

The Bulletin.

17

Fig. 10. The Exterior of a Slaughtered Carcass from Lot 1 at the Close of the

Experiment.
Ration, Cotton-seed Meal and Cotton-seed Hulls.

18

The Bulletin.

One important factor brought out was the relation between cotton-
seed hulls and corn silage for steer feeding purposes. From the experi-
ment it is shown that two pounds of corn silage will replace one pound of
cotton-seed hulls. From these figures corn silage can be charged at $4
per ton against steers when cotton-seed hulls sell at $8 per ton, which was
about the average price paid this year by most of the feeders in the
State. Under these conditions the feeder Avould still have the advantage
of getting the extra quality and finish obtained from the use of corn
silage. A diiference of 20 cents per cAvt. would mean an approximate
increased profit of $50 per car on every load of steers fed. When cotton-
seed hulls can be purchased for less than $8 per ton these figures would
be altered to the extent of the difference in the price of the hulls.

The cost per hundred pounds gain on the corn-silage-fed cattle was 51
cents less than on the cattle fed cotton-seed hulls. The difference in cost
is not as great as ordinarily obtained in feeding steers under these condi-
tions. The longer the feeding period in an experiment of this character
usually the greater the difference in the average cost per hundred pounds
gain. The profit per steer was $3.07 more on the cattle fed com silage
than those fed cotton-seed hulls. The relative difference only should be
considered in studying these latter fig-ures, as freight, labor, and bedding
are not charged against the cattle.

AVERAGE DAILY GAINS DURING EXPERIMENTAL PERIOD.

The following table shows the gains by months of the two lots of
steers fed cotton-seed hulls and corn silage. The average of one of the
three pens of corn-silage-fed cattle was very low the fourth month. This
makes the average for the lot during the fourth month less than the
average for the lot on cotton-seed hulls. This is an unusual condition.
However, the fault was not with the entire lot of corn-silage-fed cattle.
The two other pens in this lot made normal gains during the fourth
month. The almost inappreciable gain of the one pen reduces the aver-
age to .17 pounds less than the average for the lot of cattle fed cotton-
seed hulls. The average gain for the whole period of four months is
slightly more for the corn-silage-fed steers.

Table 4— AVERAGE DAILY GAIN PER STEER BY MONTHS DURING THE EXPERI-
MENTAL PERIOD.

November 3, 1913, to February 22, 1914, Inclusive— Period of 112 Days.

Average Daily Gain
per Steer.

Loth

Lot 2.

First month

1.86
1.72
1.82
1.09

1.73

Spoond month -

1.96

Xhird month _ - -

1.90

.92

1.62

1.63

The BuLLETi^r.

19

Former experiments* sliow that if cattle are fed longer than four
months under the conditions which existed in this experiment the corn-
silage-fed cattle will continue to gain and increase in value for thirty to
sixty days longer, while those fed cotton-seed hulls will decrease mate-
rially in gains at this stage, and consequently in market value. Market
conditions, however, made it necessary to dispose of these cattle before
the expiration of the full experimental period.

VALUATION OF CATTLE.

The entire number of cattle was sold for $7.60 per cwt. at the farm,
weighed up after twelve hours yarding from feed and water. The valua-
tions placed on each lot of twenty-four cattle was $7.50 per cwt. for the
cotton-seed-hulls-fed cattle and $7.70 per cwt. for the corn-silage-fed

Fig. 11. The CondUion of the Rib Cut Taken from a Steer in Lot 1 at Close of

Experiment.
Ration, Cotton-seed Meal and Cotton-seed Hulls.

cattle. This difference was clearly apparent to all parties who saw them.
The difference in price was established by three parties in close touch
with market conditions.

The corn-silage-fed cattle were in better condition at the time they
were sold, having a thicker, smoother, and more uniform distribution of
fat. All outward indications of condition showed the corn-silage-fed

*N. C. Exp. Sta. Bulletins, 218-222.

20 The Bulletin.

cattle to be in much better market condition. The cotton-seed-hulls-fed
cattle did not show the sleek, smooth condition of skin and hair charac-
teristic of well-finished animals. The supposition that cattle fed corn
silage shrink abnormally in transit was not borne out by the data ob-
tained on these steers. While the cattle were not divided in the cars the
same as they were fed in the pens, the average net shrink was only 45
pounds per head between Statesville, N. C, and Richmond, Va. Con-
sidering that they were on the road sixty hours, a lighter shrink would
not have been anticipated even on cattle fed entirely on dry roughage

feed.

COMPARATIVE FINISH OBTAINED.

At the time these cattle were placed on feed one representative steer
was taken from each lot and slaughtered to determine the condition of
the animals. This was for the purpose of getting photographs and also
for making a study of the admixture of flesh and fat. The condition of
these two animals in this respect is brought out in the table descriptions
and photographs of the cuts herein shown.

INITIAL AND FINAL SLAUGHTER DATA.

The two representative steers used to determine the initial slaughtered
condition of the two lots of cattle weighed 1,820 pounds after a drive of
17 miles to Asheville, N. C, where they were slaughtered. After arriv-
ing at Asheville, Steer 1 weighed 820 pounds and Steer 2 weighed 890
pounds, or a total of 1,710 pounds. This showed a total shrink of 110
pounds from the farm to the slaughter-pens.

Steer 1 was blocky and in average condition of flesh. The animal was
reasonably representative of the steers in Lot 1 fed cotton-seed meal and
cotton-seed hulls. Steer 2 was somewhat more rangy, with less condition
than Steer 1. This favored condition, however, is always provided in
an experiment where it is necessary to deal with comparisons. While
an average of these dressing percentages was used, the steer representing
the cotton-seed-hulls-fed cattle had the advantage in the beginning over
the one representing the corn-silage-fed cattle.

These two steers were slaughtered on November 8, the day following
their arrival at the slaughter-house. This was five days later than the
inauguration of the experimental work at the State Test Farm. The
dressing percentages are based on the live weights taken the same morn-
ing the steers were slaughtered. Before slaughtering, the judges of these
animals made a difference of one-fourth of a cent per pound in favor of
Steer 1. After slaughtering, however, there was a greater difference
than anticipated, owing to the greater amount of outside and internal
fat on Steer 1. The meat of both steers had a bright red color and a
good texture. However, Steer 1 was considered to be worth one-half cent
per pound more live weight than Steer 2, owing largely to the amount
and condition of the fat covering.

The Bulletin.

21

The finished cattle when judged alive in the feed lots just prior to
shipment showed the corn-silage-fed steers to be fully 20 cents per hun-
dred better than the cotton-seed-hulls-fed steers. This was borne out by
the examination made at Jersey City, IST. J., where one car-load of the
cattle was slaughtered. The other load of steers was sold to local butchers
in Kichmond, Va., so that accurate slaughter data could not be obtained.
The corn-silage-fed cattle were thicker and more uniformly covered than
those fed cotton-seed hulls. The illustrations show a more uniform dis-
tribution of fat, both on the interior and exterior of the sides. The out-
side fat is thicker, and there is a better marbled condition.

Table 5-DEESSING PERCENTAGE OF STEERS AT BEGINNING AND ENDING OF

EXPERIMENT.

Lot 1— Cotton-seed-hulls-fed Cattle.

Lot 2— Corn-silage-fed Cattle.

Live
Weight.

Dressed
Weight.

■

Average

Dressing

Percentage.

Live

Weight.

Dressed
Weight.

Average

Dressing

Percentage.

Average dressing percentage
of two steers at beginning
of exDeriment.

850
800

33.310

435

427

18.164

1 52.24
54.53

800
850

12,700

427
435

7.164

1 52.24

Average dressing percentage
of steers in each lot at close

56.41

The average dressing percentage of the twelve cattle fed on cotton-
seed hulls was taken with nineteen other steers with which they were
shipped from Kichmond to Jersey City. These steers were of practically
the same grade and quality as the twelve steers with which they were
sold and weighed. The twelve steers fed on corn silage were weighed
together alive, and when dressed, so that the average dressing percentage
given is exact for this lot. '

COMPARATIVE PRICES RETURNED FOR FEEDS USED.

It is interesting and instructive information to know the prices re-
turned for certain f eedstuffs when marketed through farm animals. The
following table shows the prices obtained in this work when feeds are
charged at varying prices. The figures written in italics indicate the
market prices charged in this work and the prices returned for supple-
mentary feeds under these conditions.

In other sections of the State where the prices of feeds vary somewhat
these figures will enable the reader to approximate the results which
could be obtained in cattle feeding. In all cases the feeds returned more
than their estimated market value. Charging cotton-seed hulls at $7.50
per ton, the cotton-seed meal returned $30.34 for each ton fed. When

22

The Bulletin.

Fig. 12. The Interior of a Slaughtered Carcass from Lot 2 at Close of

Experiment.
Ration, Cotton-seed Meal and Corn Silage.

The Bulletin.

Fig. 13. The Exterior of a Slaughtered Carcass from Lot 2 at Close of

Experiment.
Ration. Cotton-seed Meal and Corn Silage.

24

The Bulletin.

cotton-seed meal was charged at $27.75 per ton, the cotton-seed hulls
returned $8.38 per ton. When corn silage was charged at $3.50 per ton,
the cotton-seed meal returned $37.71 per ton. Likewise when the cotton-
seed meal was charged at $27.75 per ton, the corn silage returned $5.25
per ton. All of these figures are exclusive of the manurial value of the
feeds.

Table 6— COMPARATIVE PRICES RETURNED FOR EACH TON OF THE VARIOUS FEEDS
USED WHEN MARKETED THROUGH STEERS.

Market Price of
Feed Per Ton.

Price Returned

for Each Ton of

Feed.

Lot 1. ■

Price returned for each ton of cotton-seed meal when
fed with cotton-seed hulls at different market prices.

Cotton-seed hulls—
S 6.00

7.50

9.00

Cotton-seed meal—
$ 34.76

30.34-

29.92

Price returned for each ton of cotton-seed hulls when
fed with cotton-seed meal at different prices.

Cotton-seed meal —
25.00
S7.75
30.00

Cotton-seed hulls —
9.31
8. 38
7.61

Lot 2. -

Price returned for each ton of cotton-seed meal when
fed with corn silage at different prices.

Corn silage —
3.00
S.50
4.00

Cotton-seed meal—
40.56

S7.71
34.86

Price returned for each ton of corn silage when fed
with cotton-seed meal at different prices.

Cotton-seed meal —
25.00
87.75
30.00

Corn silage —
5.73
5.S5
4.85

APPLICATION OF RESULTS.

The results of an experiment of this nature are of great importance to
the farmer who expects to cater to a discriminating market. Feeders
who handle native cattle, or feed in less than car-load lots, cannot use
corn silage as economically as the type of feeder formerly described.
This is largely because local markets will not pay for extra quality and
finish such as that obtained with corn silage.

Where good, thrifty, high-grade steers are fed, such as those for which
a premium is paid on a central market, corn silage from the results of
this and other experiments can be used with economy and profit.* This
experiment, in conjunction with a number of others carried on by the
writers, shows that com silage is the best supplementary feed to use with
cotton-seed meal. The reasons why are explained elsewhere in detail in
this bulletin.

•N. C. Exp. Sta. Bulletins, 218-222.

The Bulletin.

25

Fig. 14. The Condition of the Pab Cuts Taken from a Steer in Lot 2 at tlie Close of

Experiment.
Ration, Cotton-seed Meal and Corn Silage.

26 The Bulletin.

All cattle feeders in the State have access to the best eastern markets,
either through buyers or direct shipments. The results of this experi-
ment show that cattle fed a straight cotton-seed meal and hulls ration
Avill not command a premium like those fed cotton-seed meal and corn
silage. Steers which are short-fed from ninety to one hundred and
twenty days and marketed locally can be fed satisfactorily on a straight
cotton-seed meal and hulls ration. The addition of corn silage even
during this short period, however, would give more finish than otherwise.
The economy of this practice would depend entirely on the relative mar-
ket value of cotton-seed hulls and corn silage. If cotton-seed hulls are
high in price and corn silage is available, it would likely be economy to
use corn silage, at least for part of the roughage ration. If cotton-seed
hulls are low in price, it would not be economy to use corn silage unless
the cattle were to be long-fed and sold on a discriminating market.
Otherwise a straight cotton-seed meal and hulls ration would be more
practical. These are factors which depend entirely on the kind of cattle
iised, the length of the feeding period, the relative cost of the roughage
feeds and the place where the cattle are marketed.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

The financial statements given herein are furnished entirely for the
benefit of the farmer or practical feeder. This data has no relation
whatever to the comparative results recorded formerly in the bulletin.
These statements following include all items of expense which would
naturally be incurred by the practical cattle feeder. Special attention
has been given to these statements to bring out in detail the difference
between cotton-seed hulls and corn silage for feeding solely with cotton-
seed meal. The market value of corn silage is figured at three prices to
suit all conditions in the State.

The advisability of using corn silage exclusively with cotton-seed meal
has not been fully established. The writers have in mind some extensive
experiments to determine the feasibility of feeding cotton-seed hulls with
the cotton-seed meal for ninety to one hundred days, after which corn
silage will be substituted wholly or in part for the cotton-seed hulls.
This is based on the fact that cotton-seed hulls and corn silage will give
about the same results for the period above mentioned. After this, how-
ever, the corn silage begins to show a decided value. As far as the results
herein reported are concerned, the value of corn silage as a sole roughage
feed during the entire feeding period is clear.

The Bulletin.

27

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Lot 1—24 Steers, Fed Cotton-seed Meal and Cotton-seed Hulls.

Cotton-seed Hulls Figured at Standard Price of $7.50 Per Ton.

Expenditures:
To 24 steers, 22,058.5 pounds, @ $5.75 per cwt..
" freight on above — Clyde to Statesville

Feed eaten during preliminary period, October 15 to November S, WIS, inclusive.

To 1,004 pounds cotton-seed meal @ $27.75 per ton.
" 420 pounds cotton-seed hulls @ $7.50 per ton. .

" 6,027 pounds corn silage @ $3.50 per ton

" 1,458 pounds rye straw @ $5.00 per ton

Feed eaten during experimental period, November S, 1913, to February 22, 1914, inclusive.

To 20,016 pounds cotton-seed meal @ $27.75 per ton.
" 58,995 pounds cotton-seed hulls @ $7.50 per ton..

Feed eaten after close of experiment, February 23 to 25, 1914, inclusive.

To 112.5 pounds cotton-seed meal @ $27.75 per ton.

" 405 pounds cotton-seed hulls @ $7.50 per ton

" 1,620 pounds corn silage @ $3.50 per ton

" 720 pounds crab-grass hay @ $10.00 per ton

" 25 pounds wheat bran* @ $32.00 per ton

" bedding material

" 200 hours labor @ 10c. per hour

Total expenditures.

Receipts:

By 24 steers, 25,540 pounds, @ $7.50 per cwt

Total profit

Profit per steer

By 92.63 tons manure @ $2.50 per ton

Total profit, including manure .•

Average profit per steer, including manure.

1,268.36
33.00

13.93
1.57

10.55
3.65

277.72
221.23

1.56

1.52

2.84

3.60

.40

40.00

20.00

$ 1,899.93

1,915.50

15.57

.64

231.57

247.14

10.29

♦Fed through error.

28

The Bulletin.

FINANCL^L STATEMENT.
Lot 2 — ^24 Steers, Fed Cotton-seed Meal and Corn Silage.

Valuation of Corn Silage
Per Ton.

Corn Silage Valued at Various Prices Per Ton.

$3.00.

Expenditures :

To 24 steers, 22,091.5 pounds, @ $5.75 percwt $1,270.26

" freight on above— Clyde to Statesville 33.00

Feed eaten during preliminary period, I

October 15 to November 2, 1913, inclusive. I

To 1,004 pounds cotton-seed meal @ $27.75 per ton.
" 420 pounds cotton-seed hulls @ $7.50 per ton..

" 6,027 pounds corn silage. ,

" 1,458 pounds rye straw @ $5.00 per ton

13.93
1.57
9.04
3.65

Feed eaten during experimental period,
November 3, 1913, to February 22, 1914, inclusive.

To 20,016 pounds cotton-seed meal i
" 114,120 pounds corn silage

$27.75 per ton ' 277.72

171.18

To

Feed eaten after close of experiment,
February 23 to 25, 1914, inclusive.

112.5 pounds cotton-seed meal @ $27.75 per ton.

405 pounds cotton-seed hulls @ $7.50 per ton

1,620 pounds corn silage

720 pounds crab-grass hay @ $10.00 per ton

25 pounds wheat bran* @ $32.00 per ton

bedding material..

200 hours labor @ 10c. per hour

1.56

1.52

2.43

3.60

.40

40.00

20.00

$3.50.

$1,270.26
33.00

13.93
1.57

10.55
3.65

277.72
199.71

1.56

1.52

2.84

3.60

.40

40.00

20.00

$4.00.

$ 1,270.26
33.00

13.93
1.57

12.05
3.65

277.72
228.24

1.56
1.52
3.24

3.60

.40

40.00

20.00

Total expenditures $1,849.86 $1,880.31 $ 1,910.74

Receipts:

By 24 steers, 25,580 pounds, @ $7.70 percwt 1,969.66

Total profit 119.80

Profit per steer 4.99

By 92.63 tons manure (& $2.50 per ton... 231.57

Total profit, including manure 351.37

Average profit per steer, including manure 14.64

Average Profit on 48 Steers.

Total profit 135.37

Average profit per steer . ' 2.82

Total profit, including manure 598.51

Average profit per steer, including manure ! 12.47

1,969.66

89.35

3.72

231.57

320.92

13.37

104.92

2.19

568.06

11.84

1,969.66

58.92

2.45

231.57

290.49

12.10

74.49

1.55

537.63

11.20

*Fed through error.

TIIE BULLETIN

OP THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 35, No. 9.

SEPTEMBER, 1914

Whole No. 200

Red Clover Field Overrun by Wild Carrots.

REPORT OF SEED TESTS FOR 1914

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter,

February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Geaham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District.

R. L. WOODARD Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

W. J. Shufoed Hickory Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiCKEL Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart As.sistant Chemist.

J. R. Mullen Assistant Chemist.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomo'.ogi&t.

C. L. Metcalp Assistant Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

C. E. KORD Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT Horticulturist.

S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sloan Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters P4ant Breeding.

G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist in Crops.

* W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins Soil Survey.

R. C. JURNEY Soil Survev.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss Louise A. Rademacher Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

t Alvin J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming.

tE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

JC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

JT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

tA. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

JMrs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Girls' Clubs.

JMiss Margaret Scott . . . ; Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

F. N. McDowell. Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jeffeeies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. PUCKETT, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

*Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned bv the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

Jin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Ealeigh, August 1, 1914.
Hon. "W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture,
Baleigh, N. 0.
Sir : — I have the honor to submit herewith the report on the reclean-
ing, analysis, and germination of the agricultural and vegetable seed
samples collected and analyzed in accordance with the North Carolina
Pure Seed Act; also, samples submitted by interested individuals, from
July 15, 1913, to July 15, 1914, and recommend its publication as the
September Bulletin of the Division of Agronomy and Botany of this
Department. Respectfully submitted,

J. L. Burgess,
Approved for printing : Agronomist and Botanist.

W. A. Graham,
Commissioner of Agriculture.

REPORT OF THE DIVISION OF AGRONOMY AND BOTANY

FOR 1914

By James L. Burgess, Agronomist and Botanist in Charge.

GE^sTERAL REMARKS.

According to the provisions of the North Carolina Pure Seed Act,
seed samples have been collected and analyzed since the act went into
effect, July 1, 1909. The present publication is the fourth report of
seed tests made by this Department, and includes all samples received
from July 15, 1913, to July 15, 1914. During that time 1,773 samples
in all have been tested; -total agricultural seed samples 955, samples
from inspectors 727, samples from individuals 228. Total samples for
purity was 872, total samples for germination was 948. Germination
tests were made of 818 samples of vegetable seeds. Also 123 samples of
tobacco seed were received and cleaned for farmers of the State.

The volume of work in the Seed Laboratory in the handling of agri-
cultural and vegetable seeds, has almost doubled within the past year,
as the following tables will show.

TABLE IvTo. 1.
Total Number of Samples of Agricultural Seeds Received.

Alfalfa

Barley

Beans, Soja

Beans, Velvet.

Grass, Kentucky Blue.

Chufas

Clover, Alsike .

Clover, Burr

Clover, Crimson

1913

10
3
1
8

19
2
2
1

66

Clover, Red .... ! 51

i
Clover, Sweet 1

Field Corn . 73

Cow Peas ' 14

Meadow Fescue 1

Italian Rye Grass .•_ I 1 I

Orchard Grass... 9

Tall Meadow Oat Grass .__ I 2

German Millet I 12

Pearl Millet __J n

1914

28
3
4
1

34

12

1

131

98

3

28

1

2

7

51

14

14

6

The Bulletin

TABLE NO. 1— Continued.

Oats

Canada Field Peas

Rape

Red Top

Rye

Timothy.

Winter Vetch

Wheat

1913 1914

142
2
9
8
53
12
6
6

233
2
49
37
64
33
41
26

TABLE No 2.
Total Number of Samples of Vegetable Seeds Received.

Wholesale Dealer

W. W. Barnard Co., Chicago, 111 _.

J. Bolgiano & Son, Baltimore, Md

Robert Buist Co., Philadelphia, Pa

Crosman Bros. Co., Rochester, N. Y

Diggs & Beadles, Richmond, Va

D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit, Mich

Lake Shore Seed Co., Dunkirk, N. Y...

D. Landreth Seed Co., Bristol, Pa

Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111

L. L. May & Co., St. Paul, Minn...

J. B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridge, N. Y..
T. W. Wood & Sons, Richmond, Va

1913

1914

3

9

3

2

14

63

27

113

1

5

64

233

30

95

18,

54

2

27

7

18

10

73

14

84

6

The Bulletin

Seed Should be Tested and the Value Known Before Purchasing.

The wisdom of having seed tested and of knowing the actual cost
and value of the seed to be planted may be illustrated by the following
data. These samples were tested in the laboratory, and are fairly
typical of the different grades of seed offered on the market at the
same price.

TABLE No. 3.

Laboratory
Number

1388
2232
1427
1409

Kind of Seed

Retail Price

Actual Cost

Crimson Clover.
Crimson Clover.

Actual
Value

Red Clover

(No Dodder.)

Red Clover

(Dodder present.)
2108 i Orchard Grass..

2024 J Orchard Grass.

1534 ! Redtop

2157 I Redtop

).15 per pound...: $0.16 per pound... 95 per cent.

.15 per pound--- 1 .30 per pound 11 per cent.

.21 per pound.-. 96 per cent.

.30 per pound... 48 per cent.

.22 per pound... 73 per cent.

.56 per pound...' 25 per cent.

.22 per pound... j 87 per cent.

.32 per pound...' 37 per cent.

.20 per pound...
.20 per pound---
.20 per pound...
.20 per pound- --
.20 per pound...
.20 per pound...

Weed Seeds.

The three kinds of weed seeds of most frequent occurrence in the
principal kinds of agricultural seeds tested are' given below, the one
found most frequently being listed first :

Alfalfa — Buckhorn, Green Foxtail, Lamb's Quarters.

Bluegrass, Kentuchy — Tield Sorrel, Buckhorn, Large Mouse-ear
Chickweed.

Clover, Crimson — Black or Hop Medic, Wild Mustar4, Slender
Foxtail.

Clover Red — Buckhorn, Curled Dock, Green Foxtail.

Clover, White — Field Sorrel, Black or Hop Medic, Large Mouse-ear
Chickweed.

Grass, Orchard — Field Sorrel, Buckhorn, Cheat.

Oats — Cheat, Corn Cockle, Darnel.

Redtop — Yarrow, Eugel's Plaintain, Woolly Panicum.

Out of 51 samples of Red Clover seed tested. Dodder was found to
occur in 21 samples, and in no samples of Alfalfa out of 8 samples
tested.

According to section 5 of the N'orth Carolina Seed Act, the occur-
rence of the following weed seeds in agricultural seeds to be used for
planting is considered unlawful: Wild Onion or Garlic {Allium vineale
L. and A. Canadense L.), Wild Mustard (Brassica arvensis (L.) Ktz.),
Couch-grass (Agropyron repens (L) Beauv.) Canada Thistle (Carduus
arvensis (L.) Robs.), Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.), Clover Dodder (Ciis-
ciita Epithymum Murr), Corn Cockle {Agrostemma Gitltago L.), Cheat
(Bromtis secalinns L.), Dog Fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.)
Small.), Wild Carrot (Daucus Carota L.).

The BuLLETiisr

TABLE No. 4.

Showing the Fifty Weed Seeds of Most Common Occurrence,
Found in All of the Samples Tested for Purity,

(872 Samples Examined.)

Scientific Name

Common Name

Found in

1

Rumex crispus-. . ....

Curled Dock

Field Sorrel

178 samples
168 samples
133 samples
110 samples
102 samples
99 samples

?.

Rumex acetosella..

3

Medicago lupulina

Black Medic - - -

4

Plantago lanceolata. .

Buckhorn

Rugel's Plantain

5

Plantago Rugelii -. .

6

Bromus secalinus

Chess

ChEetochloa viridis

Alopecurus agrestis

Brassica arvensis

Chsetochloa glauca

Lychnis alba

Potentilla Monspeliensis..

Geranium dissectum

Chenopodium album

Cerastium vulgatum

Carex spp

Achillea Millefolium

Sherardia arvensis

Vicia hirsuta

Holcus lanatus

Agrostemma Githago

Juncus spp

Galium Aparine

Lolium temulentum _

Polygonum Convolvulus.
Ambrosia artemisiaefolia.

Bromus hordeaceus

Bromus racemosus

Festuca myuros

Lepidium apetalum

Polygonum Persicaria

Lepidium virginicum

Koellia flexuosa

Syntherisma sanguinalis.-

Silene antirrhina

Vicia sativa -.-

Green Foxtail

Slender Foxtail

Wild Mustard

Yellow Foxtail

White Campion

Rough Cinquef oil

Cut-leaved Cranesbill

Lamb's Quarters

Larger Mouse-ear Chickweed.

Sedges

Yarrow

Blue Field-madder

Hairy Tare

Velvet Grass

Corn Cockle

Rushes _..

Cleavers

Darnel.

Black Bindweed

Ragweed

Soft Chess

Upright Chess

Rat's-tail Fescue Grass

Apetalous Peppergrass

Lady's Thumb

Wild Peppergrass

Mountain Mint

Large Crab-grass

Sleepy Catch-fly

Spring Vetch

98 samples
95 samples
78 samples
66 samples
59 samples
56 samples •
53 samples
49 samples
49 samples
46 samples
44 samples
42 samples
41 samples
40 samples
39 samples
38 samples
37 samples
37 samples
32 samples
31 samples
31 samples
29 samples
29 samples
28 samples
28 samples
26 samples
26 samples
24 samples
23 samples
23 samples

The Bulletin

TABLE NO. 4— Continued.

Scientific Name

Common Name

Found in

37

Carex cephalophora

Oval-headed Sedge

22 samples

38

Panicum capillare

Witch-grass .... ...

22 samples

39

Valerianella sp -

Corn Salad . .

40

Syntherisma linearis ...

Small Crab-grass

20 samples

41

Veronica arvensis .

Corn Speedwell

20 samples

42

Bursa Bursa-pastoris.

Shepherd's. Purse ...

19 samples

43

Daucus carota...

Wild Carrot... . .

18 samples

44

Panicularia nervata. . . . .

18 samples

45

Plantago aristata

Large-bracted Plantain

16 samples

4R

Conringia orientalis

Hare's-ear Mustard

16 samples

47

Prunella vulgaris

Heal-all...

16 samples

48

Allium vineale .

Wild Onion

15 samples

49

Lithospermum arvense.

Corn Gromwell

15 samples

50

Anthyllis Vulneraria _ .

Kidney Vetch ......

15 samples

Cleaning Tobacco Seed.

Two years ago this Division began a new line of work, that of clean-
ing tobacco seed for farmers of the State. Most gratifying reports have
been received from persons for whom seed was cleaned. The following
shows the trend of opinion among the tobacco farmers in regard to this
new line of work:

"The tobacco seed I had cleaned by the Department of Agriculture last
year I gave to one hundred and twenty-flve farmers, and find them all pleased
with the seed. I want to say that I find a great difference in the results
where seeds are cleaned.

"First. I get stronger plants on beds, and have no small, inferior plants.

"Second. The tobacco lives better; not having to replant, grows evenly,
not having any late, inferior tobacco to contend with.

"Third. It matures uniformly, making the housing of the crop easier.

"Fourth. I get a better grade of tobacco, heavier and more uniform.

"Fifth. Better plants, regular growth, uniform maturity, heavier crops,
and better prices I find to be the result of cleaned seed, with which I am
much pleased. I am sending you today my seed for this year to be cleaned."

From a very small beginning this work has grown till during the
past year we recleaned and returned to the tobacco farmers enough
seed to plant over 43,000 acres of tobacco. The farmers are thus appre-
ciating the importance of .clean seed for the tobacco crop as well as for
other crops.

The planting of clean seed of high vitality is of such importance that
it is hoped the tobacco farmers of the State will take advantage of the
opportunity the Department offers and have all of their seed cleaned.
This work can be done more efficiently by the Department than by the
farmers, as the Seed Laboratory has special apparatus for doing this
work. Several times the quantity of seed desired for sowing should be

The Bulletin

9

sent to insure a sufficient quantity of cleaned seed. The seed should be
sent some time before it is wanted. The Department makes no charge
for cleaning tobacco seed.

How TO Send Seed Samples for Testing.

Of the smaller seed, such as the grasses and clovers, about three or
four tablespoonfuls is a sufficient amount to send for testing. Of the
larger seeds, as corn and oats, about a cupful is necessary. The follow-
ing information should accompany all samples': ISTame and address of
wholesale and retail dealer, retail price, and name and address of
sender. Samples should be securely wrapped and addressed to

The ISToRTH Carolina Seed Laboratory,

Department of Agriculture,

Ealeigh, 'H. C.

TABLE No. 5.
Tobacco Seeds Recleaned for the Farmers of the State.

Laboratory
Number

5136
5165
5184
5108
5199
5118
5186
5183
5151
5126
5124
5123
5096
5092
5104
5196
5164
5101
5160
5205
5170

Name and Address of Sender

J. A. Anderson, R. F. D. No. 6, Oxford, N. C.-_.

A. D. Atkinson, Kenly, N. C

W. E. Atkinson, Kenly, N. C

J. B. Atwater, Chapel Hill, N. C

W. R. Badgett, Pilot Mountain, N. C

E. T. Barkley, Elm City, N. C

J. D. Barnett, R. F. D. No. 8, Burlington, N. C

H. E. Beamer, R. F. D. No. 1, Rush, N. C

T. A. Blackwelder, R. F. D. No. 2, Cana, N. C.

A. W. Blalock, Roxboro, N. C

E. R. Blalock, Roxboro, N. C

W. R. Blalock, Roxboro, N. C

D. C. Blue, White Plains, N. C _...

G. J. Blue, White Plains, N. C

E. L. Boswell, Union Ridge, N. C.

Simeon Bowling, Durham, N. C

S. H. Brantley, Spring Hope, N. C

C. A. Bray, Greensboro, N. C

John L. Bray, Jonesville, N. C

W. H. Bray, Jonesville, N. C

Z. B. Britt, Garner, N. C

Amount of
Recleaned

Seed
Returned

185 c. c.
110 c. c.

90 c. c.
200 c. c.

95 c.-c.
365 c. c.
140 c. c.

23 c. c.
160 c. c.
130 c. c.
520 c. c.
460 c. c.
125 c. c.
120 c. c.
950 c. c.

80 c. c.
205 c. c.

50 c. c.
100 c. c.

55 c. c.

177 c. c.

10

The Bulletin

TABLE NO. 5— Continued.

Laboratory
Number

5125
5187
5204
5198
5192
5207
5194
5209
5171
5181
5193
5140
5197
5175.
5142
5201
5100
5097
5093
5185
5111
5098
5119
5200
5191
5190
5128
5129
5088
5179
5090
5169
5103
5133
5087
5182
5235
5156
5115

Name and Address of Sender

Frank Brooks, Roxboro, N. C

H. T. Brown, R. F. D. No. 2, Sandy Ridge, N. C...

P. G. Brown, R. F. D. No. 2, Cana, N. C

S. Browning, R. F. D. No. 1, West Durham, N. C...

A. H. Bryant, R. F. D. No. 1, Jonesville, N. C

J. O. Burgh, Smith, N. C

Elias Carr, Raleigh, N. C

Elias Carr, Raleigh, N. C

W. J. Cantrell, R. F. D. No. 2, Burlington, N. C

J. W. Chandler, Ruffin, N. C

C. R. Christian, R. F. D. No. 1, Westfield, N. C

S. P. Christian, Westfield, N. C

S. P. Christian, Westfield, N. C

T. W. Collins, Elkin, N. C

W. A. Connell, Warren Plains, N. C

Scott H. Cox, R. F. D. No. 2, Pinnacle, N. C

Eddie Cozart, Stems, N. C

J. H. Craddock, R. F. D. No. 1, Wentworth, N. C._..

J. M. Crews, R. F. D. No. 3, Kernersville, N. C

J. M. Davis, R. F. D. No. 2, Boonville, N. C

H. C. Denny, R. F. D. No. 3, Pinnacle, N. C...-

A. F. Dickinson, R. F. D. No. 3, Oxford, N. C ..

J. I. Eason, R. F. D. No. 1, Stantonsburg, N. C

Lee Essie, Pilot Mountain, N. C

C. L. Essiok, R. F. D. No. 2, Pinnacle, N. C

J. D. Essick, R. F. D. No. 2, Pinnacle, N. C

Farmers Exchange, Stoneville, N. C

-...do

E. M. Fearington, Riggsbee, N. C —

Nathan Fields, Princeton, N. C

H. A. Finch, R. F. D. No. 1, Kittrell, N. C

J. W. Finch, R. F. D. No. 2, Henderson, N. C ...

J. H. Foushee, R. F. D. No. 1, Roxboro, N. C

...do

Andrew J. Garm, R. F. D. No. 2, Sandy Ridge, N. C

J. A. Giles, Durham, N- C

P. H. Gill, R. F. D. No. 4, Henderson, N. C...

S. M. Gordon, Pinnacle, N. C

Jas. M. Gray, R. F. D. No. 3, Durham, N. C

Amount of
Recleaned

Seed
Returned

260 c

c.

45 c

c.

20 c

c.

260 c

c.

95 c

c.

95 c.

c.

90 c.

c.

105 c

c.

130 c.

c.

85 c.

c.

75 c.

c.

580 c.

c.

180 c.

c.

130 c.

c.

290 c.

c.

75 c.

c.

600 c.

c.

92 c.

c.

100 c.

c.

62 c.

c.

240 c.

c.

56 c.

c.

210 c.

c.

20 c.

c.

85 0.

c.

65 c.

c.

180 c.

c.

125 c.

c.

100 c.

c.

185 c.

c.

150 c.

c.

325 c.

c.

840 c.

c.

275 c.

0.

75 c.

c.

98 c.

c.

420 c.

c.

55 c.

c.

165 c.

0.

The Bulletin

TABLE No. 5— CoxTiNDED.

11

5112

5114

5143

5195

51S0

5167

5173

5147

5203

5203

5127

5139

5095

5163

5120

5137

5146

5158

5132

5152

510.2

5176

5161

5106

5159

5121

5138

5144

5134

5122

5145

5154

A. J. Harris, Roxboro, N. C _

G. E. Harris, Roxboro, N. C. _.

M. D. Harris, Durham, N. C ___

C. F. Helsabeck, Rural Hall, N. C

H. O. Helsabeck, Rural Hall, N. C

J. M. Hester, Below Creek, N. C .._.

J. L. Hill, R. r. D. No. 2, Mocksville, N. C

Home Savings Bank, Greensboro, N. C

R. A. Hooper, Corbett, N. C

D. R. Hopkins, Brown Summit, N. C*

J. T. Horton, R. F. D. No. 1, Chapel Hill, N. C

J. L. Jackson, R. F. D. No. 4, Mt. Airy, N. C

I J. M. Jackson, R, F. D. No. 1, Stokesdale, N. C

J. I. Larimore, R. F. D. No. 3, Winston-Salem, N. C.

I C. L. Lasater, R. F. D, No. 4, Apex, N. C

do:

A. B. Lassiter, Smithfield, N. C.

H. L. Leonard, R. F. D. No. 3, Lexington, N. C.

J. C. McCulloch, R. F. D. No. 8, Burlington, N. C.

H. C. Martin, Stoneville, N. C.
! J. V. Mitchell, Stoneville, N. C.

E. W. Neel, R. F. D. No. 2, Princeton, N. C.
J. P. Pace, R. F. D. No. 1, Mebane. N. C.
Jule. Pace, R. F. D. No. 1, Watson, N. C.
N. L. Pace, R. F. D. No. 1, Mebane, N. C.
W. R. Park,-, White Plains, N. C.
E. H. Parrish, Rougemont, N. C-

do.

L. P. Pell, Pilot Mountain, N. C...

M. A. Phelps, Clemmons, N. C

A. P. Pickett, R. F. D. No. 1, Durham, N. C.
Alfrel Plummer, Middleburg, N. C _

Laboratory
Number

Name and Addresss of Sender

Amount of
Recleaned

Seed
Returned

5172

0. B. Gullie, R. F. D. No. 7, Raleigh, N. C, .

90 c c

5141

L. D. Hale, R. F. D. No. 1, Danburv, N. C

98 c c

5148
5149

F. M. Halland, R. F. D. No. 2, KernersviUe, N. C

C. T. Hamm, Tobaccoville, N. C

15 c. c.
135 c c

5094

J. W. Hampton, Clemmons, N. C

100 p o

5162

...do _._:

145 c c

5113

A. A. Harris, Roxboro, N. C ._..

475 c. c.

380 c. c.
12249 c. c.
105 c. c.
215 c. c.
200 c. c.
100 c. c.
85 c. c.
17693 c. c.
35 c. c.
85 c. c.
225 c. c.
110 c. c.
47 0. c.
45 c. c.
230 c. c.
85 c. c.
335 c. 0.
80 c. c.
70 c. c.
575 c. c.
530 c. e.
52 c. c.

12

The Bulletin

TABLE No. 5— Continued.

Laboratory
Number

Name and Address of Sender

Amount of
Recleaned

Seed
Returned

5202

W. P. Ray, R. F. D. No. 1, Smith, N. C

57 c c

5163

J. W. Reece, Mt. Airy, N. C

100 c c

5177

J. E. Roberts, StoneviUe, N. C

5206

W. L. Rudd, Jericho, N. C

80 c c

5157

C. F. Shield, R. F. D. No. 1, KernersviUe, N. C...

75 0 c

5189

H. D. Shields, R. F. D. No. 1, KernersvUIe. N. C...

90 c c

5130

W. Ed. Shugart, Yadkinville, N. C

190 c c

1566

J. R. Smith, Altamahaw, N. C

92 c c

5131

J. S. Smith, R. F. D. No. 1, White Plains, N. C.

115 c c

5105

J. W. Smithwick, Manson, N. C.

445 c c

5109

R. W. Snow, Crutchfield, N. C .

170 c c

5188

S. J. E. Summers, R. F. D. No. 2, Altamahaw, N. C.

265 c c

5091

Pervis Tilley, Bahama, N. C.

38108 c c

5155

Wm. Thomas, Hightowers, N. C

110 c c

5174

0. B. Umstead, StagviUe, N. C. .

210 c c

5110

L. R. Wellons, Raleigh, N. C

205 c c

5116

W. T. White, R. F. D. No. 1, Rusk, N. C...

260 c. c

5153

Wm. M. Whitefield, R. F. D. No. 3, Hurdle Mills, N. C—..

5117

J. C. Whitsell, R. F. D. No. 4, Burlington, N. C

390 c c

5178

E. W. Wilkins, R. F. D. No. 2, Burlington, N. C.

75 c c

5150
5107

Jno. H. Wilkins, R. F. D. No. 2, Burlington, N. C

J. E. Williams, R. F. D. No. 1, Chapel Hill, N. C. .

290 c. c.
275 c c

5089
5099

J. H. WilUams, R. F. D. No. 1, Chapel HiU, N. C

J. P. Wilson, R. F. D. No. 2, Madison, N. C

100 c. c.
132 c c

•
Total...

88270 c c

The Bulletin 13

TABLE No, 6.

AGRICULTrRAL SeEDS FrOM THE FOLLOWING 43 WHOLESALE" DEALERS

Were Collected From the North Carolina Market and
Tested.
Dealer. Location.

Adams Grain and Provision Co :^^^rM!®' ^" ^'

Adams Grain and Provision Co Nashville, Tenn.

Adams Grain and Provision Co Nortolk, Va.

Adams Grain and Provision Co Richmond, Va.

Barnard, W. W., & Co Chicago, 111

Beveridge, S. T., & Co Richmond, Va.

Bolgiano, J., & Son Baltimore, Md.

Buffington, J. J., & Co Baltimore, Md

Buist, Robert, Seed Co Philadelphia, Pa.

Carter, Venable & Co Richmond, Va.

Corbett Co., The Wilmington, N. C.

Diggs & Beadles Richmond, Va.

Dixon & Etheridge Goldsboro, N. C.

Gore, D. L., & Co Wilmington, N. C.

Griffith & Turner Co : Baltimore, Md.

Hackney, Broyles & Lackey Co Knoxville, Tenn.

Hall & Pearsall Wilmington, N. C.

Hardin, Hamilton & Lewman Louisville, Ky.

Harsh Grain Co Nashville, Tenn.

Hickory Seed Co Hickory, N C.

Hines, E. G.. . . , Goldsboro, N. C.

Landreth, D., Seed Co Bristol, Pa.

Leonard Seed Co Chicago, HI.

Lewis & Chambers Louisville, Ky.

Logan & Co Nashville, Tenn.

Louisville Seed Co Louisville, Ky.

Mayo Milling Co Richmond, Va.

Meadows, J. A New Bern, N. C.

Moose, George Newton, N. C.

National Seed Co Louisville, Ky.

Reid, D. P., & Bro Norfolk, Va.

Rice, J. B., Seed Co Cambridge, N. Y.

Richardson, W. F., Jr., & Co Richmond, Va.

Roper & Co Petersburg, Va.

Savage, N. R., & Son Richmond, Va.

Scarlett, Wm. G., & Co Baltimore, Md.

Simpson, W. A., & Co Baltimore, Md.

Slate Seed Co. South Boston, Va.

Smith Seed & Feed Co Danville, Va.

Southern Distributing Co Norfolk, Va.

Tate, W. R Nashville, Tenn.

Tennessee Grain Co Nashville, Tenn.

Wood, T. W., & Sons Richmond, Va.

14 The Bulletix

TABLE No.

i.

Addresses and Names of 288 Retail Dealers in 106 Towns, From
Whom Agricultural Seed Samples Were Collected and Tested.
Location. Dealer.

Alioskie S. E. Dilday.

Ahoskie J. T. Williams & Bro.

Astiboro McCrary Hardware Co.

Asliboro J. T. Turner.

Aslieville Grant's Pliarmacy.

Asheville T. S. Morrison & Co.

Asheville Slayden, Fakes & Co.

Aslieville L. R. Strieker.

Ayden r. C. Cannon & Sons.

Ayden H. G. Mumford.

Benson j. H. Boone & Son.

Benson W. N. Stewart.

Brevard W. S. Ashworth & Sons.

Brevard Brevard Hardware Co.

Bryson City j. H. Ditmore.

Burgaw C. Harrell & Son.

Burlington Coble-Bradshaw Co.

Burlington Holt & May.

Burlington Jos. A. Isefey, Bros. & Co.

Cameron Farmers Union Supply Co.

Cameron M. McL. McKeithen.

Canton j. C. Cole.

Canton G. L. Hampton.

Chadbourn Chadbourn Grocery Co.

Chadbourn Lonlenon & Lonlenon.

Charlotte Bridgers & Co.

Charlotte Davidson & Wolfe.

Charlotte Farmers Supply Co.

Charlotte W. J. Fite.

Charlotte Johnston Bros.

Clinton Aman Grocery Co.

Clinton j. G. Hobbs.

Clinton j. c. Peterson.

Clinton B. F. Powell.

Concord H. M. Blackwelder.

Concord Cline & Moose.

Concord W. J. Glass.

Concord H. L. Parks & Co.

Concord White, Morrison, Flowe Co.

J^unn Hood & Grantham.

l^uiin Johnson Bros.

'Dunn James E. Jordan.

l^unn J. L Thompson.

15"i'ham Byrd & Upchurch.

D"i'ham Carlton-Hacknev Drug Co.

I^ui'ham Carpenter Bros.

l^urham Five Points Drug Co.

Durham Haywood & Boone.

Durham . . .C. E. King & Sons.

Durham j. T. Rogers & Co.

Edenton H. C. Prevatt.

Elizabeth City T. P. Nash.

Elizabeth City Spence & Hollowell Co.

Elizabeth City W. S. White & Co.

Elm City E. O. McGowan.

Elm City R. s. Wells.

Enfield Bellamy & Co.

The Bulletin 15

Dealer. Location.

Enfield Curtis-Parson Co.

Enfield Curtis, Pierce & Co.

Enfield Lawrence Bros.

Enfield! B.D.Mann.

Fairmont A. J. Floyd.

Favnwille R- L- Davis & Bros.

Farmville T. L. & W. J. Turnage Co.

Fayetteville A. S. Huske.

Fayetteville A. E. Rankin & Co.

Forest City Florence Mills.

Franklinton Franklin Grocery Co.

Franklinton McGhee-Joyner Co.

Franklinton Whedbee & Morris.

Franklinton C. S. Williams.

Fremont Geo. D. Best & Son.

Fremont Hooks, Bellame & Co.

Fremont Z. M. L. Peacock.

Fremont Yelverton & Bros.

Gastonia Gaston Seed & Provision Co.

Gastonia M. T. Parham & Co.

Goldsboro .- M. J. Best & Sons.

Goldsboro H. L. Bizzell.

Goldsboro Geo. E. Daniels.

Goldsboro Deans & Moye Co.

Goldsboro Z. M. L. Jeftlreys.

Goldsboro Thompson & Sons.

Goldsboro T. N. Waters & Bro.

Goldsboro Williams Drug Store.

Goldsboro W. V. Williams.

Greensboro Carolina Warehouse.

Greensboi^ J. F. Fulton.

Greensboro R. G. Hiatt & Co.

Greensboro C. Scott & Co.

Greenville J. B. Johnston.

Greenville J. R. & J. G. Moyes.

Greenville L. M. Savage.

Gulf W. S. Russell.

Halifax N. L. Stedman & Co.

Henderson Beacom Supply Co.

Henderson E. G. Davis & Son Co.

Henderson Parham Supply Co.

Henderson W. W. Parker.

Henderson Geo. A. Rose & Co.

Henderson Thomas Bros.

Henderson White-Hight Co.

Hendersonville Byers Bros.

Hendersonville Farmers Hardware & Supply Co.

Hendersonville J. O. Houston & Sons.

Hendersonville F. V. Hunter.

Hendersonville Hunter's Pharmacy.

Hickory Boyd Feed Co.

Hickory City Feed Co.

Hickory Hickory Seed Co.

High Point Beeson Hardware Co.

High Point High Point Hardware Co.

Hillsboro Geo. A. Durham.

Hillsboro H. L. Parrish.

Hillsboro H. W. & J. C. Webb.

Kenly G. G. Edgerton & Son.

Kenly J. T. Egerton.

Kings Mountain Kiser & Mauney.

Kings Mountain W. A. Mauney & Bro.

16 The Bulletin

Dealer. Location.

Kings Mountain Patterson Grocery Co.

Kinston Ray Dawson.

Kinston Henry Dunn.

Kinston j. E. Hood & Co.

Kinston T. W. Mewborn & Co.

Kinston Temple Drug Co.

LaGrange Isbel & Peele.

LaGrange E. S. Mewborn.

LaGrange T. W. Pace.

Laurinburg John F. McNair.

Lenoir Harrison & Co.

Lexington Robert L. Leonard.

Lexington Lexington Hardware Co.

Lexington S. L. Owen & Co.

Lincolnton Lowing & Costner.

Lincolnton J. h. Rudisill & Co.

Littleton Eugene Jolinson.

Littleton Littleton Peed & Grocery Co

Littleton Littleton Grocery Co.

Littleton j. h. Newsom.

Littleton S. J. Stallings.

Louisburg Allen Bros. Co.

Louisburg L. P. Hicks.

Louisburg McKinne Bros.

Lucama Lucas & Bass Co.

Lucama W. J. Newsom & Bro.

Lumberton L. H. Caldwell.

Lumberton M. W. Floyd.

Magnolia George Edwards.

Magnolia Rov Hill Co.

Magnolia j. c. Home. *

Magnolia Theo. Middleton.

Clarion j. d. Blanton.

Marion Gaston & Tate.

Marshall '. . W. J. Gudger & Son.

Marshall T. N. James & Co. ■

Marshall Madison County Farmers Union.

Marshall A. L. Plemmcns.

Marshall Tweed & Franklin.

Maxton j. W. Carter.

Maysville A. C. Foster.

Mocksville j. t. Angell

Mocksville Walker's Bargain House

Monroe . p. B. Ashcraft.

Mooresville Harris & McNeely.

Mooresville W. M. Neel & Col

Morganton W. A. Leslie.

Morganton Shuping & Poteat.

Mount Airy W. E. Merritt & Co.

Mount Airy Mount Airy Feed Store.

Mount Airy P. L. gmith Hardware Co.

Mount Gilead Bruton & Co.

Mount Gilead Farmers Supply Co.

Mount Gilead Thomas H. Graham.

Mount Gilead Frank McAuley

Mount Gilead j. A. McAuley

Mount Gilead Mount Gilead Store Co.

Mount Olive Y. H. Knowles.

Mount Olive j. M. Lewis.

Mount Olive E. G. Martin, Son & Co

Mount Olive Mount Olive Grocery & Hardware Co.

^^"I'P^y R. H. Hyatt & Co.

The Bulletin 17

Dealer. Location.

Nashville Arrington-Bissett Co.

Nashville Cockerell & Williams Co.

Nashville King Cooperative Co.

Nashville Nash Supply Co.

Nashville Planters Supply Co.

Nashville J. D. Winstead & Son.

New Bern J. F. Clarke.

New Bern , C. B. Hill.

New Bern C. L. Spencer.

Newton George Moose.

Norwood Hart Drug Co.

Oxford Breedlove & McFarland.

O.xford J. D. Brooks.

Oxford J. W. & D. S. Fuller.

Oxford Horner Bros.

Oxford Lyon-Winston Co.

Oxford R. S. Montague.

Oxford Winston-Long Co.

Parmele J. C. Bryan & Co.

Parmele Gray & Roebuck.

Plymouth A. L. Owens.

Raeford N. S. Blue & Co.

Reidsville J. H. Burton.

Reidsville .Harris & Hubbard.

Reidsville Hazell & Mims.

Reidsville W. P. Ware.

Robersonville Roberson-Holiday Co.

Robersonville J. H. Roberson & Co.

Robersonville W. A. Roberson & Co.

Rockingham McRae Grocery Co.

Rocky Mount Dozier & Griffin.

Rocky Mount George S. Edwards.

Rocky Mount H. C. Joyner.

Rocky Mount T. L. Warsley.

Rocky Mount W. T. Williford.

Roxboro Garrett & Stanfield Co.

Roxboi-o C. H. Hunter.

Roxboro Sergeant & Clayton.

Roxboro Hugh Woods.

Rural Hall E. L. Kiser & Co.

Rutherfordton Thompson & Watkins.

Rutherfordton Williams & Erwin.

Salisbury W. L. Klutz.

Salisbury M. C. Rufty.

Salisbury Union Warehouse.

Sanford Lee, Stone & Co.

Sanford Wilkins, Ricks & Co.

Scotland Neck Edwards & Co.

Scotland Neck W. T. Jrlancock & Co.

Scotland Neck M. Hoffman & Bro.

Selma C. E. Kornegay.

Selma Selma Supply Co.

Shelby R. E. Campbell.

Shelby ,J. N. Bellinger.

Shelby H. E. Kendall.

Shelby W. B. Palmer's Sons.

Shelby Paul Webb.

Siler City The Hardware Store.

Smithfield Austin-Stephenson Co.

Smithfield Carter-Underwood Co.

18 The Bulletin

Dealer. Location.

Smithfield W. M. Sanders.

Spring Hope N. B. Finch & Co.

Spring Hope W. H. Griffin & Co.

Spring Hope T. C. May & Son.

Statesville Miller-McLean Supply Co.

Statesville J. E. Sloop.

Sylva B. H. Cathey & Co.

Sylva Sylva Cash Store.

Sylva Sylva Supply Co.

Tarboro W. S. Clarke & Sons.

Tarboro R. E. L,. Cook.

Tarboro R. B. Peters Grocery Co.

Taylorsville J. B. Barnes.

Thomasville Crutchfield Hardware Co.

Thomasville Thomasville Drug Co.

Troy G. W. Allen & Sons.

Troy A. W. E. Capel.

Troy Saunders & Co.

Wadesboro Parsons Drug Co.

Wallace Duplin Grocery Co.

Wallace Hall Mercantile Co.

Wallace Wallace Grocery Co.

Warrenton Burroughs Grocery Co.

Warsaw j. B. Cox.

Warsaw Hobbs & Russ.

Washington Walter Credle & Co.

Washington Hardy Drug Co.

Waxhaw Wolfe Drug Co.

Waynesville Chautauqua Drug Co.

Weldon L. J. Moore.

Weldon W. T. Parker.

Whitakers Whitaker's Pharmacy.

Wilkesboro Miller Grocery Co.

Wilkesboro N. B. Smvhey.

Wilkesboro, North C. Call.

Williamston Anderson-Crawford Co.

Williamston Harrison Bros. & Co.

Wilson Hadley-Harriss Co.

Wilson Doane Herring.

Wilson Wilson Drug Co.

Wilson Wilson Grocery Co.

Windsor j. p. Freeman.

Winston-Salem j. j. Adams' Sons Co.

Winston-Salem T. M. Benton.

Winston-Salem Farmers Cash and Feed Store.

Wmston-Salem Farmers Union Agency Co.

Winston-Salem B. A. Poindexter.

The Bulletin ID

TABLE ^o. 8.

Vegetable Seeds Fkom the Following 16 Wholesale Dealers Were
Collected From the North Carolina Market and Tested.

Dealer. Location.

Barnard, W. W., & Co Chicago, 111.

Bolgiano, J., & Son Baltimore, Md.

Buist, Robert, Co Philadelphia, Pa.

Burpee, W. Atlee, & Co Philadelphia, Pa.

Clarke, Everett B., Seed Co Milford, Conn.

Crosman Bros. Co Rochester, N. Y.

Diggs & Beadles Richmond, Va.

Ferry, D. M., & Co Detroit, Mich.

Griffith & Turner Baltimore, Md.

Lake Shore Seed Co Dunkirk, N. Y.

Landreth, D., Seed Co : Bristol, Pa.

Leonard Seed Co Chicago, '111.

May, L. L., & Co St. Paul, Minn.

Rice, J. B., Seed Co Cambridge, N. Y.

Wood, Stubbs & Co Louisville, Ky.

Wood, T. W., & Sons Richmond, Va.

TABLE No. 9.

Addresses and Names of 218 Retail Dealers in 97 Towns From
Whom Vegetable Seed Samples Were Collected and Tested.
Location. Dealer.

Aberdeen Standard Store Co.

Ahoskie S. J. Dilday.

Albemarle E. C. Kirk.

Albemarle Morrow Bros. & Heath Co.

Albemarle Shankle-Snuggs Co.

Asheville Grant's Pharmacy.

Beaufort Beaufort Drug Co.

Beaufort Potter Bros.

Beaufort M. R. Springle.

Belhaven W. H. Bowen & Son.

Benson W. P. Smith. '

Boardman Buthers Lumber Co.

Brevard Brevard Hardware Co.

Burgaw C. Harrell & Son.

Burgaw Singestory Drug Co.

Canton W. G. Cole.

Chadbourn Brown Mercantile Co.

Charlotte Charlotte Drug Co.

Charlotte W. L. Hond & Co.

Charlotte Reese & Alexander, Inc.

Charlotte Woodall & Sheppard.

Clinton D. M. Patrick & Co.

Clinton J. C. Peterson.

Clinton B. F. Powell.

Clinton H. S. Southerland.

Cofield Hill Bros.

Concord Cabarrus Drug Co.

Concord Cook & Harris.

Concord Davis Drug Co.

Concord Dove-Bost Co.

Concord Gibson Drug Co.

Davidson Armour Bros. & Thompson.

Dover W. A. Wilson.

20 The Bulletin

Location. Dealer.

Dunn N. A. Bell & Co.

Dunn Hood & Grantham.

Dunn Robinson Bros.

Edenton W. R. Brothers.

Edenton W. A. Leggett.

Edenton j. a. Mitchener.

Edenton Mitchener's Pharmacy.

Edenton W. S. White.

EJizabeth City Spence & Hollowell.

Elizabeth City W. S. White & Co.

Elm City j. l. Bailey.

Elm City ■ j. w. Sharp.

Enfield Harrison & Hill Drug Co.

Earmville T. L. & W. J. Turnage Co.

Fayetteville A. J. Cook & Co.

Fayetteville J. B. Fields.

Fayetteville A. S. Huske.

Franklinton Franklin Grocery Co.

Franklinton T. L. Joyner.

Gasionia .Adams Drug Co.

Gastonia , Gaston Seed & Provision Co.

Gastonia Kennedy's Drug Co.

Gastonia Torrence Drug Co

Goldsboro M. J. Best & Son.

Goldsboro George E. Daniels.

Goldsboro Deans & Moye Co.

Goldsboro Z. M. L. Jeffreys.

Goldsboro B. G. Thompson & Son.

Goldsboro T. N. Waters & Bro.

Greensboro j. f. Fulton.

Greensboro C. Scott & Co.

Greenville j. b. Johnston.

Greenville j. l. Stashey.

Greenville John L. Wooten Drug Co.

Halifax Furgerson Drug Co.

Hamlet Hamlet Pharmacy.

H^^'et Earle Morrow Drug Store.

Hamlet E. L. Rhodes.

Henderson W. W. Parker.

Henderson \ iTliomas Bros.'

Hendersonville Bradsher's Pharmacy.

Henderscnville .* t. B. Carson.

Hertford W. S. Blanchard & Son.

Hertford Divers & Roper.

Hertford Watson & Winslow.

High Point S. F. Brown & Co

High Point Mann Drug Co.

Jackson E. S. Barrett & Co.

Jackson Taylor & Cowan.

Jacksonville G. T. Walton & Co.

Kings Mountain Barnes-Finger Drug Co.

Kings Mountain . . .Kiser & Mauney.

Kmston Henry Dunn.

Kinston j. e. Hood & Co.

Kinston Lenoir Drug Co.

Kinston E. B. Marston Drug Co.

Kmston Temple Drug Co.

LaGrange p. Barwick.

LaGrange E. S. Mewborn.

LaGrange E. E. Rouse & Co.

Laurinburg j. t. Fields.

Laurinburg r. q. Stone.

The Bulletin 21

Location. Dealer.

Lincolnton . .■ W. C. Asbury.

Lincolnton Lawnings Drug Store.

Lincolnton Lowing & Costner.

Lincolnton , J- H. Rudisill & Co.-

Littleton Herbert Smith.

Louisburg Aycock Drug Co.

Louisburg Beasley-Austin Drug Co.

Louisburg '.'. F. R. Pleasants.

Madison Madison Grocery Co.

Magnolia J- C. Home.

Magnolia F. D. Scott & Co.

Marion Davis Pharmacy.

Maxton E. L. Burns.

Maxton A. L. Jones.

Monroe English Di'ug Co.

Monroe Latham & Richardson.

Monroe C. N. Simpson, Jr.

Monroe Dr. S. J. Welsh & Son.

Morehea'd City J- B. Morton.

Morganton L- A. Kincaid.

Morganton Leslie Drug Store.

Mount Airy W. F. Midkiff.

Mount Airy Mount Airy Peed Store.

Mount Airy The Peoples Drug Store.

Mount Airy I. W. AVest Drug Co.

Mount Gilead Bruton & Co.

Mount Olive M. R. Jennett.

Mount Olive Y. H. Knowles.

Mount Olive J- M. Lewis.

Mount Olive Martin & Price Co.

Mount Olive Mount Olive Grocery and Hardware Co.

Mount Olive M. W. Pope.

Nashville Nash Supply Co.

Nashville J. D. Winstead & Son. •

New Bern T. F. Clarke.

New Bern B. B. Davenport.

New Bern F. S. Duffy.

New Bern C. L. Spencer.

New Bern S. W. Willis.

Newton Clarence Clapp.

Norwood Hart Drug Co.

Oriental W. J. Morgan.

Oxford Hamilton Drug Co.

Oxford J. T. Sizemore.

Oxford L. Thomas.

Plymouth Alexander & Blount.

Plymouth Tom L. Smith.

Plymouth Henry L. Spruill.

Polloksville H. A. Chadwick.

Proctorville Barnes Bros.

Raeford Raeford Hardware Co.

Red Springs Red Springs Drug Co.

Red Springs • John J. Steward Co.

Red Springs John J. Thrower Co.

Reidsville W. S. Allen.

Reidsville Fetzer & Tucker.

Reidsville Ha.-rts & Hubbard.

Roanoke Rapids Wells Dilery. '

Robersonville Roberson, Cory & Co.

Robersonville J. H. Roberson & Co.

Rockingham E. N. Covington & Co.

Rockingham Eagle Pharmacy.

22 The Bulletix

Location. Dealer.

Rockingham L. G. Fox.

Rockingham E. D. Whitelock.

Rocky Mount Fitzgerald Drug Co.

Rocky Mount H. C. Joyner.

Rocky Mount Kyser's Drug Store.

Rocky Mount C. R. L. MatthewF

Reeky Mount May & Gorman.

Roseboro D. W. Tart.

Salisbury j. W. McPlierson & Co

Salisbury M. C. Rufty.

Scotland Neck G. T. Whitehead & Co

Selma Selma Drug Co.

^elma Selma Supply Co.

Sbelby H. E. Kendall.

Smithfield W. M. Sanders.

Star Mitchell & Barrow.

Tarbc.ro r. e. L. Cook.

Tarboro Robinson-Ruffin Co.

Tarboro Tarboro Grocery Co.

Vanceboro H. L. Arnold.

Wadesboro Fox & Lyon

Wadesboro Parson Drug Co.

Wadesboro V. F. Tarlton.

Wallace Murray & Armstrong.

Walnut Cove Golden Rule Drug Store

Warrenton Burroughs Grocery Co.

Warrenton Hunter Drug Co.

Warsaw W. D. Thomas & Co

Washington Blount Pharmacy

Washington W. A. & J. G. Blount.

Washington A. J. Cox & Co.

Washington Walter Credle & Co

Washington Hardy Drug Co.

Washington • E. K. Willis

Washington Worthy & Etheridge.

Waxhaw Harris Bros.

Waynesville Chautauqua Drug Co.

Waynesville Miller Bros.

WeWon E. Clarke.

Wi kesboro Miller Grocery Co.

Wi lamston Theo. Roberson & Co.

Wi hamston Saunders & Fowden

Wi mington r. r. Bellamy

Wilmington j. H. Hardin.

Wilmington W. J. Kirkman & Co.

Wi son Doane Herring.

Wilson Ruffin-High Co.

Wi son J D Williams.

Z-?^ Wilson Drug Co.

Wpdsor .J. J. Madre & Bro.

Wmston-Salem j. j. Adams' Sons Co.

Winston-Salem j. Emra Cox.

Winston-Salem Eford Bros

Winston-Salem Farmers Trade House Co

Wmston-Salem j. q. Messick.

Winston-Salem E. W. O'Hanlon & Co

Wmston-Salem Owens Drug Co.

Winston-Salem ' p. a. Thompson.

Winton ..W. P. Shaw, Jr., & Bro.

Youngsville E. T. Alford.

Youngsville Winston-Blanks Drug Co

The Bulletin

23

TABLE No. 10.

Vegetable Seed Samples Weke Collected in the Following 60

Counties.

Anson.

Beaufort

Bertie.

Buncombe.

Burke.

Cabarrus.

Carteret.

Catawba.

Chowan.

Cleveland.

Columbus.

Craven.

Cumberland.

Duplin.

Edgecombe.

Forsyth.

Franklin.

Gaston.

Granville

Guilford.

Halifax.

Harnett.

Haywood.

Henderson.

Hertford.

Johnston.

Jones.

Lenoir.

Lincoln.

McDowell.

Martin.

Mecklenburg.

Montgomery.

Moore.

Nash.

New Hanover.

Northampton.

Onslow.

Pamlico.

Pasquotank.

Pender.

Perquimans.

Pitt.

Richmond.

Robeson.

Rockingham.

Rowan.

Sampson.

Scotland.

Stanly.

Stokes.

Surry.

Transylvania.

Union.

Vance.

Warren.

Washington.

Wayne.

Wilkes.

Wilson.

TABLE No. 11.

Agricultural Seed Samples Were Collected in the Following 70

Counties.

Alamance.

Alexander.

Anson.

Beaufort.

Buncombe.

Burke.

Cabarrus.

Caldwell.

Catawba.

Chatham.

Cherokee.

Chowan.

Cleveland.

Columbus.

Craven.

Cumberland.

Davidson.

Davie.

Duplin.

Durham.

Edgecombe.

Forsyth.

Franklin.

Gaston.

Granville.

Guilford.

Halifax.

Harnett.

Haywood.

Henderson.

Hertford.

Iredell.

Jackson.

Johnston.

Jones.

Lee.

Lenoir.

Lincoln.

McDowell.

Madison.

Martin.

Mecklenburg.

Montgomery.

Moore.

Nash.

Orange.

Pasquotank.

Pender.

Person.

Pitt.

Randolph.

Richmond.

Robeson.

Rockingham.

Rowan.

Rutherford.

Sampson.

Scotland.

Stanly.

Surry.

Swain.

Transylvania.

Union.

Vance.

Warren.

Washington.

Wayne.

Wilkes.

Wilson.

24

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The Bulletin

TABLE NO. 16.

Showing Number and Average Per Cent of Ger.mination op Vegetable Seed Samples
Tested, According to Wholesale Dealers.

Wholesale Dealer

W. W. Barnard & Co., Chicago, III

J. Bolgiano & Son, Baltimore, Md '_.

Robert Buist Co., Philadelphia, Pa

W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Philadelphia, Pa

Everett B. Clarke Seed Co., Milford, Conn.^

Crosman Bros. Co., Rochester, N. Y

Diggs & Beadles, Richmond, Va

D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit, Mich

Griffith & Turner, Baltimore, Md

Lake Shore Seed Co., Dunkirk, N. Y

D. Landreth Seed Co., Bristol, Pa

Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111

L. L. May & Co., St. Paul, Minn __.

J. B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridge, N. Y

Wood, Stubbs & Co., Louisville, Ky

T. W. Wood & Sons, Richmond, Va

The Bulletin 99

SEED THOUGHTS FOR NORTH CAROLINA FARMERS.

1. Send samples of your seed to the North Carolina Seed Laboratory
for examination and test before you buy. It will pay you; there is no
charge.

2. The North Carolina Seed Laboratory is all yours. Use it for
your own personal gain. Five cents will bring it right to your door,
where it will solve your seed problems, free of charge.

3. Know what you are about to buy before you get it — you can't take
seeds out of the ground after they have been sown. ^

4. Send your tobacco seeds to the North Carolina Seed Laboratory
and have them recleaned — it will pay you, and we bear the expense.

5. Ask your seedsman why he refuses to guarantee the purity or the
germination of his seed. If he will not guarantee his goods, send us a
sample before you buy and find the reason — you may decide to let them
remain HIS goods.

6. Send three or four tablespoonfuls of your grass, clover and other
small seeds and about a cupful of coi'n, wheat, oats, peas and other seeds
of this size when submitting a sample to the Laboratory for examina-
tion. Write your name and address plainly on the package and address
it to the "North Carolina Seed Laboratory, Department of Agricul-
ture, Raleigh, N. C." State whether vou want us to examine it for
PURITY or GERMINATION.

7. Do not buy or use "feed" oats for seed oats — tl^ey may have been
heated in the bin and may fail to come up.

8. Seeds containing wild onions, wild mustard, couch grass, Canada
thistle, wild oats, clover or alfalfa dodder, corn cockle, dog fennel,
cheat, or Avild carrot are unlawful for sale, for seeding purposes, in
North Carolina.

9. Would you sell your neighbor seed too impure and dirty to sow
on your own land? Then do not sell such seed to the seed dealer —
your neighbor or some other man's might get them from the seedsman.

10. It is an agricultural sin, if not a moral crime, to sell clover seed
containing dodder or seed wheat containing onions or cockle from your
farm to a seedsman. Better sell such seed to your neighbor, who will
then know whom to sue for damages.

11. All legitimate seed dealers in North Carolina have a license. Be-
ware of the seed fakir who asks fabulous prices for ordinary seeds. Buy
from honest seedsmen and leave the seed peddlers alone.

12. Watch the man who is willing to sell you seed without having a
license. If he is willing to break the law for YOUR benefit, he might

' be willing to sell you inferior seeds for HIS benefit.

13. How many of your clover seed will come up from every hundred
planted ?

14. When your seed fail to come up you lose doubly.

100 The Bulletin

15. The ISTorth Carolina Seed Act fixes the standards of germination
and purit;)! for the following agricultural seeds. Purity means freedom
from weed seeds and other foreign seeds; viability means germinating
power or the ability to come up when planted.

Per Cent of Per Cent of

Name of Seed Purity Viable Seed

Alfalfa 96 80

Barley 98 90

Blue grass, Canada 90 45

Blue Grass, Kentucky 80 45

Brome, awnless 90 75

Clover, alsike 96 75

Buckwheat 96 90

Clover, crimson 98 85

Clover, red 92 80

* Clover, white 90 75

Corn, field 99 94

Corn, sweet 99 75

Fescue, meadow ;....;..... 95 85

Flax , . . '. 96 89

Millet, Pearl 99 65

Millet, common 90 85

Millet, hog 90 85

Oats 98 90

Oat grass, tall 72 70

Orchard grass 70 70

Rape 99 90

Redtop 90 70 ■

Rye 98 90

Rye grass, perennial " 96 90

Rye grass, Italian 95 80

Sorghum 96 80

Sorghum for fodder •. . . . 90 60

Timothy 96 85

Wheat 98 90

16. Wheat does not "turn to cheat," but seed wheat containing
onions and cockle will cheat you out of a first-class crop.

17. Pestiferous weeds, like other troubles, are generally imported.
See that you do not "import" weed seeds along with your other seeds
from your seed dealer,

18. Dodder, wild carrot, cheat, wild onions, wild mustard, ox-eye
daisy, bristly buckhorn, bracted plautain, Canada thistle, Eussian
thistle, nut grass, knawel, spiny pigweed, crab grass, sheep sorrel, smart
weed, Spanish needles, dog fennel, and most other bad weeds are all
imported into this country from Europe, or some other country, in
impure seeds.

19. How long did it take yqu to rid your wheat fields and pastures of
wild carrots and wild onions? These pests were imported from Europe
in impure seeds.

20; Sow only good, clean seed.

21. Are your seed oats and seed wheat clean, or, are they full of dirt",
cheat, and onions?

22. Anj plant in your field different from the crop you are trying to
grow is a weed.

23. Eeclean your wheat before sowing — it will pay you.

The Bulletin 101

24. Treat your wheat and oats for smut by immersing the seed for
thirty minutes in a solution of a pint of formalin in fifty gallons of
water.

25. What is your method of ridding your fields of dodder, or the
yellow "love vine ?" This pest was also imported from Europe.

26. Those yellow spots of dodder' in your clover fields are cancers
that eat the vitals out of your clover crop.. Quarantine this pest as you
would- smallpox.

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR JUNE, 1914.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 137,752

Pounds sold for dealers 16,128

Pounds resold for warehouse 18,018

Total 171,898

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR JULY, 1914.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 124,913

Pounds sold for dealers 1,192

Pounds resold for warehouse 8,558

Total 134.663

THE BULLETIIV

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 35, No. 10. OCTOBER, 1914 Whole No. 201

COMMERCIAL FEEDS

LIBRARY

|i«EW YOflK
&«rTAN!CAL

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter,

February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

Edwards & Beoughton Printing Co.
State Printers

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District.

R. L. Woodard Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright •. Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

W. J. Shuford Hickory Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE •. State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiCKEL Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart Assistant Chemist.

J. R. Mullen Assistant Chemist.

R. W. COLLETT Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

C. L. Metcalf Assistant Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

E. G. Harijett Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT Horticulturist.

S. B. Shaw Assistant Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sloan Assistant to pirector of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters Plant Breeding.

G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist in Crops.

*W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. 0. Perkins Soil Survey.

R. C. Jurney Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron Assistant Agronomist and. Botanist.

Miss Louise A. Rademacher Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

t Alvin J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming,

JE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

tC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

JT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

JA. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

JMrs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Girls' Clubs.

jMiss Margaret Scott ■. . .Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

P. N. McDowell. Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. Puckett, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm Oxford, N. C.

*Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

jln cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Hon. W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

Sir : — I submit herewith manuscript covering the inspection and
analysis of concentrated stock feeds during the past year. I recom-
mend its publication as the October Bulletin.

Very respectfully,

B. W. KiLQORE,

State Chemist.
Approved for printing:

W. A. Graham, Comm,issioner.

COMMERCIAL FEEDS

J. M. PicKEL, Feed Chemist.*

The analyses of concentrated commercial Feeding Stuffs published in
this Bulletin comprise all those made during the year ending midsum-
mer, 1914. The total number of samples analyzed is 375, of which 287
samples are official, that is, were drawn by our official inspector; the
remainder, 88, are unofficial, that is, were sent in by citizens of the State.

There were in all 954 guarantees; in 270 cases (28 per cent) the feeds
were below guarantee; the remainder (72 per cent) up to, or above
guarantee. The discrepancy below or above guarantee was usually
insignificant. If only cases in which protein and fat were respectively
1 or more per cent and 0.5 or more per cent below guaranteed, and fiber
1 or more per cent above, or taken into account, then of the total 954
guarantees only 11 per cent were not as good as guaranteed.

The following table gives a general summary of the different classes
of feeds analyzed, the number of each, the number of guarantees on
protein, fat and fiber; the number of cases, and their percentage, that
fell below guarantee :

•Assisted by J. Q. Jackson, E. S. Dewar, W. H. Stroud. Only a small fraction of the time — as
much as is implied by the making of the protein determinations — ^of these gentlemen was given to
the work of this bulletin. In addition to the duties of feed chemist, Dr. Pickel has charge of the
toxicological and water work of the Department.

The Bulletin.

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The Bulletin. 7

REQUIREMENTS OF THE STATE FEED LAW.

The following ruling and regulations adopted by tlie Board of Agri-
culture under authority of Section 9 of the State Feed Law gives the
chief points of the law with which every manufacturer must comply
before offering feeds for sale in this State, also the rulings and defini-
tions which have been adopted for the enforcement of the law.

First. All manufacturers, agents, or dealers who propose to sell or
offer for sale any commercial feed in this State must apply to the
Commissioner of Agriculture for blank forms on which they will be
required to register the name or brand of the feed which they propose
to sell, their own names and addresses, and also the places where their
goods are manufactured : Provided, if a person desiring to so register
is not the actual manufacturer, he may be permitted to register and
guarantee the product, using the words "manufactured for and guaran-
teed by." They must also give the guaranteed analysis of their goods,
stating the minimum percentage of protein and fat which they contain
and the maximum percentage of crude fiber. They must also register
the various ingredients of which their feeds are composed.

Second. All feeds must be offered for sale in sacks or packages of
uniform capacity, as prescribed in Section 1 of the Act ; that is, bags or
packages must contain 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, or 200 pounds each.
Manufacturers or dealers will be required to furnish the analysis tags
which must be attached to these sacks or packages. On these tags
must be clearly printed all the essential information given in the regis-
tration above, as illustrated below. Said tags must measure not less
than 4I/2 X 2% inches. Guarantee tags must be printed in plain type
with black ink. Rubber stamps will not be recognized on guarantee
tags.*

. Third. Three guarantees are required, viz. : the minimum percent-
age of crude protein and crude fat and the maximum percentage of
crude fiber. In other words, the crude protein and crude fat in a man-
ufacturer's goods must not be less than his guarantee, and the fiber must'
not be above his guarantee. The percentage of carbohydrates may be
stated, but this is not required. The names of the ingredients of which
the feed is composed must be plainly printed on the tag.

Fourth. Definitions have been adopted for a number of feeds. In
such cases where a feed or feed material is covered by a definition the
feed must correspond within reasonable limits to the definition which
has been adopted for it. With all feeds covered by definitions and all
other feeds or mixtures of feeds the manufacturer is required to make
his own minimum guarantee of protein and fat and his maximum guar-
antee of fiber: Provided, that no mixed feeds will be accepted for reg-
istration or allowed to be offered for sale in this State that contain less
than 9 per cent crude protein, except mixtures of whole or partially
ground grains.

Fifth. When grain screenings containing weed seeds which have
feeding value are used in mixed feeds such screenings and seeds must
be ground in such manner as to destroy the viability of the seeds.

Sixth. It is optional with manufacturers or sellers whether the sack
be bianded, although that is ahvays desired; but the required items

•See page 23 for requirements when poultry feeds are put up in smaller packages than 25 lbs.

8 The Bulletin.

must always be printed on the tag in black-colored ink, but not printed
with a rubber stamp. The tax stamp must be affixed to the tag, prefer-
ably alongside the printed matter, but in case of necessity may be
attached to the back of the tag.

Seventh. Feeds may be shipped in bulk from one manufacturer
direct to another manufacturer who expects to subsequently sack and
tag the same; but in this case the shipper, in consideration of this per-
mission, must notify this Department at the time of the shipment of
the name and consignee and the tonnage shipped; otherwise, the whole
shipment will be subject to seizure as being untagged and unstamped.

Eighth. The principal adulterants employed in the feed trade are
oat hulls, barley hulls, rice hulls, corncobs, peanut shells, screenings,
corn bran, and cotton-seed hulls. Some of the above may be found
legitimately in a feed consequent to the grinding of the whole seed, but
when used out of proper proportion or in excess of the amount obtained
in grinding the whole seed, or when foreign to the product, or if injuri-
ous to the health of domestic animals, will be considered an adulteration.

Ninth. If any substance, such as chaff, screenings, damaged, faulty,
or unlike seeds or grains or foreign materials be mixed with or added
to feeds as an adulterant and not plainly marked on the package con-
taining it or in which it is offered for sale, showing the true composi-
tion of the mixture, it will be considered a violation of the law; e. g., if
oats be mixed with screenings and shrunken seeds or barley, the proper
method of branding would be "Oats and Screenings," ''Oats and Barley."

Tenth. When wheat bran and screenings are mixed, the mixture
shall be branded "Wheat Bran and Screenings," and the word "Screen-
ings" shall appear in the same size type as the words "Wheat Bran."

Eleventh. The sale of poultry and cattle feed which contain poison-
ous weed seeds in appreciable quantities, such as corn cockle and jimson
weed (Jamestown weed), are forbidden.

Twelfth. When corn bran is mixed with wheat bran, the mixture
shall not be branded "Bran," but shall be branded "Mixed Bran," or
be sold under a trade name, and be so registered.

Thirteenth. When corn bran is mixed with wheat bran and wheat
middlings, the mixture shall not be branded "Bran and Middlings," or
"Bran and Middlings Mixed," but shall be branded "Mixed Feed" or
"Feed" or be sold under a trade name, and be so registered.

Fourteenth. When corn bran is mixed with wheat middlings, the
mixture shall not be branded "Middlings" or "Middlings and Bran,"
but shall be branded "Mixed Feed" or "Feed," or be sold under some
trade name, and be so registered.

Fifteenth. ISTo feed shall be registered or allowed on sale in this
State under a name that is misleading as to its quality.

Sixteenth. The Commissioner shall have the power to require reg-
istration annually of any or all commercial feeds sold, offered or exposed
for sale in this State.

Seventeenth. The Commissioner shall have the power to refuse to
allow any manufacturer, importer, jobber, broker, agent, dealer, or any
person or persons to lower the registration or guaranteed analysis of his
or their product or products during the calendar year, unless satisfac-
tory reasons are presented for making such change or changes.

The Bulletin. 9

Eighteentli. All cracked corn sold, offered or exposed for sale in this
State made from damaged corn shall be branded "Damaged Cracked
Corn" or "Cracked Corn Made from Damaged Corn."

The following definitions for commercial feeds have been adopted by
the Association of Feed Control Officials of the United States. Before
these definitions were adopted by this Association the manufacturers
affected were given hearings and every effort made to make the defini-
tions accurate and fair. Definitions for products not included in this
list will be added as soon as adopted by the Association :

DEFIMTIONS

Adopted hy Feed Control Officials of the United States.

Meal is the clean, sound, ground product of the entire grain, cereal or
seed which it purports to represent.

Chop is a ground or chop feed composed of one or more different
cereals or by-products thereof. If it bears a name descriptive of the
kind of cereals, it must be made exclusively of the entire grains of those
cereals.

Screenings are the smaller imperfect grains, weed seeds and other
foreign material having feeding value, separated in cleaning the grain.

Flax Plant By-Product is that portion of the flax plant remaining after
the separation of the seed, the baste fiber and a portion of the shives,
and consists of flax shives, flax pods, broken and immature flax seeds
and the corticle tissue of the stem.

Alfalfa Meal is the entire alfalfa hay ground, and do^ not contain an
admixture of ground alfalfa straw or other foreign materials.

Linseed Meal is the ground residue after extraction of part of the oil
from ground flaxseed.

Blood Meal is ground dried blood.

Meat Scrap and Meat Meal are the ground residues from animal tis-
sue exclusive of hoof and bone. If they contain any considerable
amount of bone, they must be designated Meat and Bone Scrap, or Meat
and Bone Meal. If they bear a name descriptive of their kind, compo-
sition or origin, they must correspond thereto.

Digester TanJcage is the residue from animal tissue exclusive of hoof
and horn specially prepared for feeding purposes by tanking under live
steam, drying under high heat, and suitable grinding. If it contains
any considerable amount of bone, it must be designated Digester Meat
and Bone Tankage.

Crachlings are the residue after partially extracting the fats and oils
from the animal tissue. If they bear a name descriptive of their kind,
composition or origin, they must correspond thereto.

Brewers' Dried Grains are the properly dried residue from cereals
obtained in the manufacture of beer.

Distillers' Dried Grains are the dried residue from cereals obtained
in the manufacture of alcohol and distilled liquors. The product shall
bear the designation indicating the cereal predominating.

Malt Sprouts are the sprouts of the barley grain. If the sprouts are
derived from any other malted cereal, the source must be designated.

10 The Bulletin.

Buckwheat Shorts or Bucl'wheat Middlings are that portion of the
buckwheat grain immediately inside of the hull after separation from
the flour.

Rice Bran is the cuticle beneath the hull.

Rice Hulls'Sive the outer chaffy coverings of the rice grain.

Rice Polish is the finely powdered material obtained in polishing the
kernel.

Oat Groats are the kernels of the oat berry with the hulls removed.

Oat Hidls are the outer chaffy coverings of the oat grain.

Oat Middlings are the floury portion of the oat groat obtained in the
milling of rolled oats.

Oat Shorts are the covering of the oat grain lying immediately inside
the hull, being a fuzzy material carrying with it considerable portions
of the fine floury part of the groat obtained in the milling of rolled oats.

Clipped Oat By-Product (term oat clippings not recognized) is the
resultant by-product obtained in the manufacture of clipped oats. It
may contain light, chaffy material broken from the ends of the hulls,
empty hulls, light, immature oats and dust. It must not contain an
excessive amount of oat hulls.

Corn Bran is the outer coating of the corn kernel.

Corn Feed Meal is the sifting obtained in the manufacture of cracked
corn and table meal made from the whole grain.

Corn Germ Meal is a product in the manufacture of starch, glucose
and other corn products and is the germ layer from which a part of the
corn oil has been extracted.

Grits are the hard, flinty portions of Indian corn without hulls and
germ.

Hominy Meal, Hominy Feed, or Hominy Chop is a mixture of the
bran coating, the germ and a part of the starchy portion of the corn
kernel obtained in the manufacture of hominy grits for human consump-
tion.

*Corn Gluten Meal is that part of commercial shelled corn that re-
mains after the separation of the larger part of the starch, the germ
and the bran by the processes employed in the manufacture of corn-
starch and glucose. It may or may not contain com solubles.

*Corn Gluten Feed is that portion of commercial shelled corn that
remains after the separation of the larger part of the starch and the
germ by the processes employed in the manufacture of cornstarch and
glucose. It may or may not contain corn solubles.

*Cottonseed Meal is a product of the cottonseed only, composed prin-
cipally of the kernel with such portion of the hull as is necessary in the
manufacture of oil : Provided that nothing shall be recognized as cot-
tonseed meal that does not conform to the foregoing definition and that
does not contain at least 36 per cent of protein.

* Choice Cottonseed Meal must be finely ground, not necessarily
bolted, perfectly sound and sweet in odor, yellow, free from excess of
lint, and must contain at least 41 per cent of protein.

*Prime Cottonseed Meal must be finely ground, not necessarily bolted,
of sweet odor, reasonably bright in color, yellow, not brown or reddish,
free from excess of lint, and must contain at least 38.6 per cent protein.

Those marked thus* have not been considered or accepted by the N. C. Board of Agriculture.

The Bulletin. 11

*Good Cottonseed Meal must be finely ground, not necessarily bolted,
of sweet odor, reasonably bright in color and must contain at least 36
per cent of protein.

*Cottonseed Feed is a mixture of cottonseed meal and cottonseed
hulls, containing less than 36 per cent of protein.

*Cold Pressed Cottonseed is the product resulting from subjecting
the whole undecorticated cottonseed to the cold pressure process for the
extraction of oil, and includes the entire cottonseed less the oil ex-
tracted.

* Ground Cold Pressed Cottonseed is the ground produce resulting
from subjecting the whole undecorticated cottonseed to the cold pressure
process for the extraction of oil, and includes the entire ground cotton-
seed less the oil extracted.

Wheat Bran is the coarse outer coatings of the wheat berry obtained
in the usual commercial milling process from' wheat that has been
cleaned and scoured.

Shorts or Standard Middlings are the fine particles of the outer and
inner bran separated from bran and white middlings.

*WJieat White Middlings or White Middli7igs are that part of the
offal of wheat intermediate between shorts or standard middlings and
red dog.

Shipstuff or Wheat Mixed Feed is a mixture of the products other
than the flour obtained from the milling of the wheat berry.

Red Dog is a low grade wheat flour containing the finer particles of
bran.

* Wheat Bran ivith Mill Run Screenings is pure wheat bran plus the
screenings which were separated from the wheat used in preparing said
bran.

*Wheat Bran with Screenings not Exceeding Mill Run is either
wheat bran with the whole mill run of screenings or wheat bran with a
portion of the mill run of screenings, provided that such portion is not
an inferior portion thereof.

Cottonseed Feed. — All mixtures of cottonseed meal and hulls contain-
ing less than 38.62 per cent protein shall be branded Cottonseed Feed,,
or a name may be given which does not contain the word "meal" or any
other word that might be misleading.

["ISToTE. — This definition of cottonseed feed, and not that of the Feed
Control officials, is in force in this State.]

HEARINGS.

When a sample of commercial feed examined shows variation from
the guarantees, the dealer or manufacturer from whom the sample was
taken shall be given an opportunity to be heard in his defense by the
Commissioner before the facts may be certified to the proper prosecut-
ing attorney.

It is the duty of the Department of Agriculture to regularly inspect
the feeds offered for sale in the State and to see that all feeds bear the
tax stamp and are properly labeled. The Department is required to col-
lect and analyze at least one sample of every brand of feed found on
sale in the State during the year and to publish the results for the bene-
fit of those interested in this class of goods.

The Department will be glad, at any time, to furnish information re-
garding the character and value of any class of feed.

12 The Bulletin.

TERMS USED IN AIVALTSIS.

Ash. This is tlie incombustible part of the plant, eartby matter
drawn from tlie soil by the plant, and taken over into tbe animal organ-
ism from plants.

Protein. This is the nitrogenous portion of the plant. Lean meat,
white of eggs, curd of milk, gluten of grain are examples.

Fiber. The frame-work of the plant; trunk and stem are hardened
fiber mixed with mineral and other matter; cotton is almost pure fiber.

Fat. The portion of plant soluble in ether is classed as fat, but
includes small quantity of substances other than fats. Cotton-seed
oil, olive oil, peanut oil, the oils of cereals are examples. Tallow, lard,
butter and the various animal oils and fats fall into this class.

Nitrogen-free Extract. Starch, the various sugars, gums are examples,

Carhchydrates. Thi"s is a general term, including fiber and nitrogen-
free extract.

AMx¥AL FEEDING AND NUTRITION.

A fundamental distinction between plants and animals is this :
Plants manufacture, so to speak, foods; animals consume, but cannot
manufacture, food. They merely transform — more or less modify-^the
food they get from plants, utilize it for their own growth and mainten-
ance and for doing work, or else store it up in their bodies or, as in the
case of milk, excrete it.

Animals get the mineral matter for forming bone from plants, a small
portion also from water. The function of the carbohydrates and fats
in animal nutrition is the production of warmth and energy; for this
purpose fat has two and four-tenths the value of carbohydrate pound
for pound. The function of protein is to build up, repair and sustain
the vital portions of the animal organism, — blood, muscle, nerve, brain ;
the fats and carbohydrates cannot do this. Protein is capable also of
being oxidized, or burned, in the body and producing warmth and
energy; and in the absence of adequate fats and carbohydrates is thus
utilized ; but this is, beside being extravagant, unwholesome. A well
balanced ration is one that contains protein, fat, carbohydrate in pro-
per proportion to meet the needs of the animal. These needs vary with
the kind of animal, its age and uses.

The following are excellent hand-books on animal feeding and nutri-
tion : — •

"Feeds and Feeding" by Prof. W. A. Henry; "Profitable Stock
Feeding" by Prof. H. W. Smith ; "Manual of Cattle Feeding" by Prof.
H. P. Annsby; "The Feeding of Animals" by W. H. Jordan.

COMPOSITION OF SOME PURE UNADULTERATED FEEDING STUFFS.

Compiled from "Henry's Feeds and Feeding," whose tables are taken
mainly from Farmers' Bulletin 22, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture

By comparing the analyses in this table with the analyses of feeding
stuffs, collected in this State, whose analyses are published in this
Bulletin, one may gain an idea of the purity and worth of these feed-
ing stuffs.

The Bulletin,
unadulterated feeding stuffs

13

Corn, dent.

Flint....

Meal

Cob....

Bran

Wheat

Bran

Middlings..

Shorts

ScreeningS-

Oats.

Hulls.

Rice.

Hulls

Bran

Polish

Cotton-seed Meal

Hulls -

Cowpea

Fodder corn, field cured..
Green

Corn stover, field cured..

Husks, field cured

Leaves, field cured

Hay from mixed grasses.

Kentucky blue grass

Red clover

In bloom

Alfalfa -

Pea vine

Peanut vines (without nuts).

Wheat straw

Oat straw _

ChafT

Wheat chafT

Corn silage

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

10.3

5.0

2.2

10.5

5.0

1.7

9.2

3.8

1.9

2.4

0.5

30.1

9.0

5.8

12.7

11.9

2.1

1.8

15.4

4.0

9.0

15.6

4.0

4.6

14.9

4.5

7.4

12.5

3.0

4.9

11.8

5.0

9.5

3.3

1.0

29.7

7.4 .

0.4

0.2

3.0

0.7

35.7

12.1

8.8

9.5

11.7

7.3

6.3

42.3

13.1

5.6

4.2

2.2

46.3

20.8

1.4

4.1

4.5

1.6

14.3

1.8

0.5

5.0

3.8

1.1

19.7

2.5

0.7

15.8

6.0

1.4

21.4

7.4

2.5

27.2

7.8

3.9

23.0

12.0

3.3

24.0

12.4

4.5

33.8

14.3

2.2

25.0

13.7

2.3

24.7

10.7

4.6

23.6

3.4

1.3

38.1

4.0

2.3

37.0

4.0

1.5

34.0

4.5

1.4

36.0

1.7

0.8

6.0

Potato.

Sweet potato.

Beets

Turnip

Carrots

Cabbage

Beet pulps

Percentage Composition

78.9
71.0
88.5
90.5
88.6
90.5
89.8

Protein

Fat

Fiber

2.1

0.1

0.6

1.5

1.3

0.4

1.5

0.1

0.9

1.1

0.2

1.2

1.1

0.4

1.3

2.4

0.4

1.5

0.9

2.4

14

The Bulletin.

ADULTERANTS.*

The following materials, when mixed with feeds without sufficient
labeling to indicate their presence are considered adulterants : corn
bran, rice hulls, ground corncobs, peanut hulls, peanut middlings, oat
hulls, mill sweepings, screenings, cotton-seed hulls, and similar products.

ANALYSES OF FEED ADULTERANTS

1"

Protein

(N X 6.25)

%

Fat

(Ether

Extract)

%

Fiber

%

Nitrogen-
free
Extract
%

Water
%

Ash

%

Corn bran -

7.00
3.60
2.40
4.56

10.12
8.75
2.63

13.88
3.25
2.40

2.82
0.70
0.50
0.81
2.70
0.88
1.08
.2.80
" 1.12
0.31

11.89
35.70
30.10
67.31
31.33
40.75
31.49
3.49
46.92
36.49

65.44
38.60
54.90

11.08

8.20

10.70

177

Rice hulls

t 13 .20

Corn cobs

t 1.40

Peanut hulls

2.17

29.98

5.89

19.98

Peanut middlinffs

16.75

Oat hulls

53.83
64.71
40.11
50.22

5.64

10.75

6.05

8.20

5.33

Wheat screenings

4.37

Cottonseed hulls with lint

2.55

Cottonseed hulls, delinted

2.38

WHEAT BRAN.

(Analyses on pages 24-29.)

Fifty-seven samples of wheat bran were analyzed, of which 49, or 86
per cent, were official. The following tabulation will give at a glance
the results of the analyses:

Guarantee

Found

Deficientt

Range of deficiency.

Range of excess.

Average deficiency-
Average excess

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

13 .75 to 17 .13

12 .50 to 16 .38

21 or 43 .00

0.07 to 3.76

0.06 to 3.63

3 .00 to 5 .35
2.66 to 6.12
11 or 22
0.06 to 1.34
0.01 to 1.95

Fiber

4.71 to 11.00
4 .86 to 10 .58
39 or 80
0 .05 to 3 .42
0.50 to 1.55

It will thus be seen that the article sold as wheat bran varies greatly
in feeding value — as much as 30 per cent in protein and 100 per cent in
fat. This variation is not due, except in rare cases, to adulteration.
There is, however, no adequate variation in price to correspond with
greater or less feeding value. The price of wheat bran throughout the
State the past year was $1.60, $1.65, $1.70, and $1.75 per 100 lbs. The
same dealer, in the same town, on the same day, quoted bran :

•Reprinted from Bulletin of November, 1912.

tDeficient here, and throughout this bulletin, means below guarantee; and note that to be below
guarantee in the case of fiber is to be better than guarantee.

The Bulletin.

15

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

/ Guaranteed .

16.00
16.37
17.13

5.00
4.65
4.09

6.00

11.75 per 100 pounds . .

\ Found - .

4.86

/ Guaranteed

6.50

$1 .60 per 100 pounds.

, Found

13.50 4.19

6.82

In the first case, a dollar would buy 9.3 pounds of protein and 2.6
pounds of fat; whereas in the case of the lower-priced article, owing to
its inferior quality, a dollar would buy 8.4 pounds of protein and 2.6
pounds of fat. If the first, or higher priced, goods was worth $1.75 per
100 pounds, the lower priced goods was worth not $1.60 but $1.44 per
100 pounds. It must not be inferred that the inferiority of the latter
was due to adulteration ; it was not ; the goods was what is claimed to be,
pure wheat bran. A compilation by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture
of 88 analyses of wheat bran gives the following range of constituents.*

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

12.1 to 18.9
15.4

1 .5 to 7.0
4.0

2.4 to 15.5

Average

9.0

WHEAT MIDDLINGS, SHOETS, RED DOG.

(Analyses, pages 30-35.)

Seventy samples, of which sixty-three are official, are reported here.
Their range of composition is shown in the following tabulation :

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

Guaranteed - -- -

10.00 to 19.00

13.00 to 19.50

11 or 17

0.02 to 2.12

0.25 to 5.00

3 .00 to 6 .00
2.35 to 6.83
13 or 20.5
0.01 to 2.15
0 .02 to 2 .00

2.13 to 11.00

Found

1 .20 to 9 .02

Deficient

53 or 84

Range of deficiency

0.08 to 5.61

Range of excess

0.10 to 1.98

Here, also, is a wide range of feeding value : but prices do not vary
according to feed value. The following tabulation will show this dis-
crepancy between price and feeding value-:

•Bulletin No. 11; 1892.

16

The Bulletin.

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat ' Fiber

April 16, 1914

March 31, 1914

$1.80 per 100 pounds..
2.00 per 100 pounds..

r Guaranteed

I Found

f Guaranteed

I Found

19.02
19.50
16.00
17.75

5.33
5.58
4,50
4.65

4.38
3.90
7.00
1.39

Both these samples are Red Dog (Minnesota goods) ; each is high
grade, better than it is guaranteed to be. The first, quoted at $1.80 per
hundred pounds, is quite appreciably better than the latter, although it
was quoted 20 cents higher.

Red Dog was quoted the past year at $1.80, $1.90, $1.95, $2.00 per
100 pounds.

Shorts or middlings were quoted at $1.60 by leaps of 5 cents all the
way up to $2 per 100 pounds. Here also prices do not vary with feeding
value, as witness the following :

Percentage Composition

Proteia

Fat

Fiber

January 20, 1914

f 1 .60 per 100 pounds..
2.00 per 100 pounds..
1 .60 per 100 pounds..

J Guaranteed

\ Found

16.00
18.00

4.50
4.80
4.00
3.78
5.00
5.60

4.00
2.27

June 16, 1914

J Guaranteed

15.00

4.00

June 16, 1914

I Found 15.50

[Guaranteed 15.00

2.73
9.00

I Found

16.88

6.57

Here are two quotations on the same day, June 16, and they were
made in the same town. This indicates that the man who on that day
paid $2 per 100 pounds for his middlings could have gotten a better
article ''just around the corner" for $1.60.

MIXTURES OF BRAX, SHORTS AND SCREENINGS.

(Analyses, pages 36, 37.)
The number analyzed is seventeen, eleven being official. The varia-

tion in composition is indicated below :

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

Guaranteed

14 50 to 17.50
13.37 to 16.38

6 or 55
■1.12 to 3.12

0 .06 to 2 .30

4.00 to 5.02
3.50 to 5.32
5 or 45
0.06 to 0.76
0.05 to 0.90

6 00 to 12 00

Found

4 43 to 9 08

Deficient

Rang? of dofifiency

11 or 100
0 45 to 3 14

Range of excess..

The Bulletin,

17

TRADE-NAME MIXTURES OF WHEAT BRAN, 3IIDDLINGS AND

SCREENINGS.

(Analyses, page 38, 39.)

Fifteen samples, all official, were analyzed.

Percentage Composition

Protein

Guarantee - - -

Found

Deficient

Range of deficiency
Range of excess

14.00 to 16.00

13 .63 to 17 .00

7 or 46 .6

0.12 to 1.38

0.13 to 1.00

Fat

3.83 to 4.50
3.27 to 5.42
6 or 40
0.02 to 0.73
0 .05 to 1 .42

Fiber

7.00 to 9.10
3 .82 to 7 .08
15 or 100
0.74 to 4.18
0.00 to 0.00

SHIPSTUFF.

(Analyses, pages 40-43.)

Twenty-six official and four unofficial samples are reported. Tlie
range in composition summarizes as follows :

Percentage Composition

•

Protein

Fat

Fiber

Oiiaranteed -

14.00 to 16.00

14.12 to 17.38

6 or 23

0.25 to 0.75

0.13 to 1.76

4.00 to 5.00
3 .55 to 5 .90
11 or 42
0.03 to 1.12
0 .03 to 1 .54

2.57 to 7.00

Found

4.14 to 7.13
19 or 73

T?nTiffp of dpficiencv

0.14 to 1.62

0 .04 to 2 .88

The prices quoted on Shipstuff the past year were $1.70, $1.75, $1.80,
$1.85, $2.

The fcllowing quotations were given in the same town on two con-
secutive days by different firms :

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat Fiber

March 30, 1914

$1.70 per 100 pounds..
2.00 per 100 pounds. .

f Guaranteed

Found

15.00
17.38
16.00
16.50

4.00
5.35
4.00
4.65

6.00
5.45

March 31, 1914

f Guaranteed

Found

5.00
5.36

If the first was worth only $1.70, the second should have sold not for
$2, but for $1.61 or thereabout.

18

The Bulletin,

MIXED FEEDS NOT CONTAINING MOLASSES.

(Analyses, pages 44-49.)
Forty-seven official and twelve unofficial samples were analyzed,

These feeds vary greatly in value.

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

Guaranteed

8.75 to 19.00
7.50 to 19.00
17 or 36
0.12 to 3.37
0.11 to 2.88

2.00 to 8.00
1 .22 to 8 .02
26 or 55
0 .03 to 1 .77
0.02 to 1.02

1 .75 to 15 00

Found . .

1 05 to 18 97

Deficient _

34 or 72

Range of deficiency..

0 05 to 4 53

Range of excess .

0 16 to 3 97

The prices asked for these feeds range from $1.65 to $2 per 100
pounds. In as much as they are compounded, it is to be expected that
their prices will be fixed according to their feeding value. The follow-
ing two feeds carry out this idea in a measure. The first consisted of
crushed oats and cracked corn. The second of oats and cracked corn :

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

January 12, 1914

January 14, 1914 .

$2.00 per 100 pounds..
1 .85 per 100 pounds..

f Guaranteed

I Found _

Guaranteed

. Found

10.00 '
10.88

9.38

9.50

4.50
3.80
4.38
3.32

6.50

4.76

3.25

.3.20

If the last is worth $1.85, the first should be worth about $2.12.
The following two quotations illustrate the great difference in feeding
value between goods that sell sometimes at the same price.

•

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

June 16, 1914

J1.75 per 100 pounds..
1 .75 per 100 pounds..

' Guaranteed

Found

8.75

7.50

16.50

15.63

2.75
1.22
3.50
3.07

1.75

1.05

June 18, 1914.

Guaranteed

Found.

14.00

9.75

The first claimed to be "corn goods," and consisted mainly of corn
meal. The latter consisted of corn, cotton-seed meal, alfalfa, and oat
clips. On the face of the analysis, the last should have about twice the
feeding value of the first named; but difference in digestibility would
reduce it to much less than that, possibly to one and a half. The dry
matter in corn meal is stated to be 88 per cent digestible; that in cotton-
seed meal, alfalfa and oat chaff 76 per cent., 60 per cent., and 42 per
cent, respectively.

The Bulletin.
MIXED FEEDS CONTAINING MOLASSES.

19

(Analyses, pages 50-57.)

Sixty-nine samples are reported, of these sixty-three were collected by
the official inspector. The guarantees and analyses range as follows :

Percentage Composition

Protein

Guaranteed

Found

Deficient

Range of deficiency
Range of excess

8.00 to 16.50
8.12 to 17.81
2^ or 33
0 .25 to 1 .75
0.13 to 4.50

Fat

0 .50 to 4 .00
0.87 to 7.28
29 or 46
0.08 to 1.42
0.07 to 3.78

Fiber

10 .00 to 26 .00
5.22 to 16.60

50 or 79
0.16 to 11.00
0.05 to 3.60

The price of these goods ranged from $1.60 to $2 per 100 pounds; in
one case $2.25 was asked. Note the following quotations as compared
to feeding value:

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

Marcli 30, 1914

March 31, 1914

12.00 per 100 pounds. -
2.00 per 100 pounds..

J Guaranteed

I Found

J Guaranteed

, Found

1

10.00

9.50

: 10.00

12 .38

3.00
2.32
2.00
2.56

12.50
10.31
12.00
13.17

The ingredients, except a little salt in the first, are the same, namely,
alfalfa, cracked corn, oats, molasses ; the guarantees are about the same,
except as to fat. But the analysis indicates the last to be of appreciably
greater feed value than the first. The foregoing quotations were m
the same town. Take two other illustrations in the same town at about
the same date as the foregoing:

Percentage Composition

"

Protein

Fat

Fiber

March 30

$1.75 per 100 pounds..
1.90 per 100 pounds..

J Guaranteed

10.00
11.50
15.00
15.38

2.50
1.68
3.00
3.12

12.00
11.25

March 30

1 Guaranteed

\ Found

12.00
13 51

If the first was worth $1.75 per 100 pounds, the latter should, on the
face of the analysis, be worth about $2.35 or $2.40. In the first case a
dollar bought 6.6 pounds of protein and supposedly 1.4 pounds of fat,
but actually barely 1 pound ; in the latter case 8.7 pounds of protein and
1.6 pounds of fat.' The ingredients of the first were alfalfa, cotton-seed
meal, corn, molasses, oats: the ingredients of the last were the same

20

The Bulletin.

except rice straw instead of oats. There could, however, have heen but
little rice straw present, else the protein content would have been less
and the fiber content greater; rice straw contains but little protein
(4.7%), much fiber (3%) and little fat (2%).

POULTRY FEEDS.

Analyses, pages 58-61.)

• Twenty-six samples were analyzed. The range of guarantee and
analysis stood thus:

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

Guaranteed

9.00 to 19.57
9.25 to 19.63
4 or 16
0.25 to 0.87
0.06 to 2.25

2.50 to 5.00
1 .99 to 5 .33 "
7 or 29
0.15 to 1.51
0.01 to 1.89

3 .00 to 9 .00
1 .80 to 6 .62
23 or 96
0.09 to 6.21

Found

Deficisnt

Range of deficiency

Range of excess

The prices asked for poultry feed ranged from $2 to $3 per 100'
pounds. The following quotations will indicate that this difference in
price is not always justified by difference in feed value :

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

March 30, 1914

$2 .00 per 100 pounds..
3.00 per 100 pounds. .
2.50 per 100 pounds..

J Guaranteed

. Found

10.00
12.25
12.00
12.00
10.00
10.63

3.00
3 31

5.00
2 57

May 25, 1914...^

f Guaranteed

Found

3.00
3.00

4.00
3 52

June 16, 1914...

1 Guaranteed

I Found..

3.50

4.00

2.82

2.01

Ingredients of the first : cracked corn, kafir corn, wheat, buckwheat.
Ingredients of the second : corn meal, gluten, middlings, bran, oatmeal,
hen-e-ta.

Ingredients of the third : cracked corn, kaffir corn, wheat, shells.

The two dollar stuff is undoubtedly better than the two-fifty stuff, and
probably little inferior to the three-dollar stuff. Hen-e-ta is a phos-
phatic grit, for which great claims are made.

COTTON-SEED MEAL AND COTTON-SEED FEED.

(Analyses, pages 62-65.)

The ofiicial samples of cotton-seed meal are collected mainly by the
inspectors of fertilizers, and the analyses are published in the fertilizer
bulletins, hence only very few are reported here. Standard cotton-seed
meal is defined by our cotton-seed meal law to be one that contains

The Bulletin.

21

7.5% of ammonia, equivalent to 6.18% nitrogen, and 38.62% protein.
If the goods contain less than 38.62% of protein, it must be branded
"Cotton-seed Feed," or be designated by a name that does not contain
the word "meal."

Tavo of the three official samples of meal reported here were 1.07%
and 2.25% below guarantee ( 38.56 %o).

Five unofficial samples, sent in for analysis by private citizens, ranged
from 31.88% to 39.8% protein, one only being above guarantee.

Six official samples of cotton-seed feed "were guaranteed to contain 20
to 25% protein and were found to contain 20.63% to 27.76% of protein.

Lumping the cotton-seed meals and cotton-seed feeds together, they
range as follows in guarantee and analysis :

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

Guaranteed

20.00 to 38.56

16.87 to 39.87

4 or 36

0.75 to 3.94

0.56 to 4.50

3.00 to 6.00
3 .83 to 9 .49
3 or 43
0.25 to 0.59
0.65 to 3.25

12.00 to 23.00

Found . . ..

7.78 to 24 80

Deficient - _ -

7 or 100

Range of deficinecy .

1.50 to 4 73

Range of excess _

COKIV, CRACKED CORIV, CORN CHOPS, CORN BRAN.
(Analyses, pages 66, 67.)

Whole corn, or other grains, when unmixed, are not subject to the
feed control law; one analysis (corn), however, is given here. Thirteen
other analyses are reported, seven being of official samples. The
cracked corn, imported into the State, was properly guaranteed ; but
there seems to be a tendency on the part of some manufacturers in the
State to neglect this. However, the unguaranteed samples were of
rather higher grade than the guaranteed. The range of guarantee and
analysis (cracked corn) is as follows :

Percentage Composition

.

Protein

Fat

Fiber

Ouaranteed > .

8 .00 to 8 .75
7.38 to 8.75
2 or 50
0.62 to 0.75
0.50 to 0.75

3.00 to 4.53
2.46 to 3.84
3 or 75
0.54 to 1.01
0.00 to 0.26

1.99 to 6.00

Found - -- __ . .

1.64 to 2.06

Deficient

4 or 100

Range of deficiency

0.04 to 3.98

Range of excess

0.00 to 0.00

One sample, corn chops (133), was found to be abnormally high in
fat (7.20 per cent).

22

The Bulletin.

GLUTEN FEED, DRIED BEET PULP.

(Analyses, pages 68, 69.)

Only one analysis of gluten feed is recorded. This feed is rich in
protein, guaranteed 23 per cent, found 27 per cent.

Dried beet pulp, on the other hand, is low in protein and fat, high in
fiber. The price asked for it — $1.75 to $2 per 100 pounds — would seem
to be entirely too much for its feed value.

Percentage Composition

Protein

Fat

Fiber

Guaranteed

Found

Deficient

8.00
7.25 to 8.94
1 or 80

0.25 ■
1 .63 to 94

0.50
0.57 to 1.00

20.00

17.18 to 19.10

4 or 100

Range of deficiency

0.90 to 2.53

Range of excess...

0.07 to 0.05

0.00 to 0.00

RICE PRODUCTS.

(Analyses, page 70.)

Three samples, unofficial, sent by the manufacturer, were analyzed.
Except a trivial deficiency (0.13 per cent) in protein, these feeds are all
above guarantee. They are notably rich in fats.

POULTRY AND STOCK TONICS.

(Analyses, pages 70, 71.)

Four samples were analyzed. We get a good many enquiries as to
the value of these stuifs. We cannot do better than repeat the advice
given by Professor Henry of the Agricultural Department of the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin :

*'As to these nostrums it may be said that vigorous, healthy animals
do not make better use of their feed because of their addition. If ani-
mals are out of condition they should receive specific treatment accord-
ing to their ailments. A good manager of live stock will have no use
for these high-priced condimental foods or condition powders; a pooi*
manager will never have fine stock by employing them."

Some enquirers reveal a fear that these condiments may sometimes
contain ingredients that are harmful. This is doubtless never the case,
especially in view of the small quantities, or doses, in which they are
administered. Their main body consists, as a rule, of one or more
ordinary feed stuffs of standard value, including the following: "Corn,
corn meal, hominy, feed corn, gluten meal, oats, hulled oats, wheat,
wheat middlings, wheat bran, baked and kiln-dried rolled wheat, cotton-
seed meal, linseed oil meal, crackers, alfalfa meal, meat meal, dried bone
meal, dried beef and bone, beef scrap, dried blood, starch. Among the
constituents of more or less medicinal value are : gentian, ginger, anise
seed, fenugreek, mustard seed, pepper, fennel seed, rape seed, caraway
seed, licorice, nuxvomica, cinchona bark, rosin, columbo, elecampane,

The Bulletin. 23

quassia, senna leaves, belladonna root, sassafras, camphor, epsom salts,
table salt, glauber's salt, saltpeter, borax, copperas, soda, sodium hypo-
sulphite, charcoal, sulphur, limestone, oyster shells, ferric oxide (Vene-
tian red).

A particular tonic will, of course, contain only a few of the foregoing
ingredients.

"The Maine Mixture costs but 20 cents a pound; is concentrated in-
stead of diluted, is all drug and not mostly feed stuff, and, hence, far
stronger. It is probably at least as efficient as, and certainly far
cheaper than, the generality of condimental feeds. The Maine Station
suggests : Pulverized gentian, one pound ; pulverized ginger, one-
quarter pound; pulverized saltpeter, one-quarter pound; pulverized
iron sulphate (copperas) one quarter pound. Mix; feed tablespoonful
in feed once daily for ten days; omit three days; feed as above for ten
days more." — From Bulletin No. 16Jf, Vermont Experiment Station.

PouLTBY Feeds in Small Packages.

Poultry feeds may be put up in small bags, boxes or other containers
of less than 25 pounds net weight: Provided first, That these contain-
ers be labeled with their net weight and the other usual guarantees;
and, Provided further, That these smaller packages be enclosed in a
larger bag or container of standard net weight of 25, 50, 75, etc.,
pounds; the said larger container to bear the requisite tax stamp and
guarantees.

24

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF SAMPLES

ANALYSES OF

s a

Brand Name form
Label

288
155
142
120
107
137
55
75
108
226
308

Purg Wheat Bran--.

..--do

..--do

Big Diamond Bran

-...do

Wheat Bran '....

Pure Wheat Bran...
Wheat Bran

Star and Crescent Mill-
ing Co., Chicago, 111.

Dan Valley Mills, Dan-
ville, Va.

The Dunlop Mills, Rich-
mond, Va.
Arrow Wheat Bran do..

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Akin-Erskine Milling Co.,
Evansville, Ind.

Ballard & Ballard, Louis-
ville; Ky.

Blank & Gottshall, Sun-
bury, Pa.

Big Diamond Mills Co.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

...-do.

Wheat Bran .! do.

....do....

1

2

3

41

42

80

81

117

43

249

93

94

102

197

Gwinn Milling Co., Co-
lumbus, O.

0 Pure Wheat Bran ...'Harrisonburg Milling Co.

Harrisonburg, Va.
Wheat Bran.

.-..do

Pure Wheat Bran.
....do

-do.
.do-
.do.
-do.

Wheat Bran I do-

Pure Wheat Bran-
.-..do

.do.
.do.

Wheat Bran do.

Retailer

QO

S I,

So

Farmers' Union Agency
Co., Winston-Salem.

The Patterson Co.,

Greensboro.
W. H. Turner, Winston-

Salsm.
Dorton Grain & Produce

Co., Concord, R. F. D. 2
Phillips & Penny Sept. 10

Oct. 16

Nov. 8
Mar. 30
June 16

'14
•13
'13
'14
'13
'13
'13
'14
'14

Charlotte Brokerage Co., June 10, '141 100

Charlotte

Hazel & Mimms, Reids- Jan. 20, '14i lOO

ville. j

Pippin & Woolard, Wash- j Jan. 12

ington.
S. M. Savage, GreenviUe... Nov. 11

G. T. Sullivan, Kinston ... Nov. 8

C. B. Hill, New Bern Jan. 10

Sept. 9

G. C. Lovell, Mt. Airy....

G. T. Sullivan, Kinston ..

Lowe Bros. & Co., Kan- Sept. 16
napoUs.

Dorton Grain & Produce
Co., Concord, R. F. D. 2.

Elmore Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

The Patterson Co., Greens-
boro.

W. A. Myatt, Raleigh ..

Pure Wheat Bran Holt-Granite Mfg. Co.

Haw River, N. C.
Wheat Bran

Choice Bran

Wheat Bran

Hecker Choice Bran.
Wheat Bran

Hecker- J ones- Jewell Min-
ing Co., New York.
do Chas. Schaefer & Son,

Sept. 17:
Sept. 9
Sept. 22
Oct. 23

Peebles Bros., Raleigh ;Oct. 23

I

Job P. Wyatt & Sons Co., Nov. 21

Raleigh.
Southern Feed & Grocery Sept. 10

Co., Durham.
H. L. Bizzell, Goldsboro.

Wilmington,
.do jjohn McEachern Sons,

Wilmington,
-do !h. L. Bizzell, Goldsboro..

100 1.60
Note: When the discrepancy between "guaranteed " and "found" is below guarantee, that fact is indicated

Horen-Johnston Co.,
Mocksville, N. C.

W. M. Neel & Co.,
Moores ville.

Nov. 8
Nov. 8:
Nov. 6
Mar. 25

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
'13! 100
'isj 100

'13: 100

■a

Hi

$1.70
1.60

1.75

'13
'13
'13
'14

100
100
75
100
100
100
100

1.75
1.75
1.60.

1.60
1.75

1.60
1.60

1.60
1.65
1.60
1.60
1.65
1.25
1.70
1.60
1.60
1.75

The Bulletin.

25

OF FEEDS, SEASON 1913-1914

WHEAT BRAN

s °

•So

PLiPh

03

ft

288;

155

142

120

107

135

55

75,

108

226

308

41

42

80

81

117

43

249

93

94

102

197

f Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed-

l Found

f Guaranteed.

\ Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

( Guaranteed.

I Found..

f Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed-

l Found

/ Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed.

1 Found

! Guaranteed.

I Found

/ Guaranteed.

I Found

( Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

/ Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed.

\ Found..

f Guaranteed.

I Found

! Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed -

I Found

I Guaranteed.
I Found ..

50

88'— 0. 62

97,

50—0.47,

00 ;

-1.87

1.50

1.00

.38

.37

.62

.38

.50

.87

.00

50

• .25

13
4.00
5.50

4.oo;

5.00i
5.00
5.38
6.00
6.37
4.50
5.12
4.50
4.88
4.75
5.25
5.00^
4. 13[—

50

49]— 1

50i

00 —
4.50
4.75
4. 50 1
4.00 —
4.50'
4.56J
4.50

3. 88 — . 63
4.50
4.87
4.50
5.25'
4.50
5.12
4.00'
3.33'
5.45,
5.38— .07
4.95
5.87
6.04
5.25 —
4.95J
5.75
3.75
4.63

50

06

.33

.75

.72

.62

.92

,79

,80

ft

4.00
4.45
4.10
4. 35 1
.50|
.67!
.00
.95
.00
.86
.00
.82
.00
4.65
4.00
4.04
4.00
4.62
4.00
4.80
4.00
4.47
4.00
4.36
4.00I
3.23'
4.00{
4.06
4.00
4.22
4.00
4.01
4.00
4.06
4.00|
4.20
4.00
3.64
4.00
3.94
3.75
4.04
4.49
4.90
5.35
4.75I
4.26
5.11
3.35
4.40
3.00
4.60

.45

.25

.17

CM

(i<0

d
ft

9.50

7.91

9.50

8.17

7.50

8.50

11.00

951 10.47

I 11.00

86 10.44'

10.00

10.58

6.00

.82

— .35

.04

.62

.80

.47

.36

— .77

.06

.22

.01

— .36

.06

4.86
9.50j

7.57:

9.50
7.55
9.50
7.61
8.00
9.03
9.50
8.83^
9.50j
6.71!
9.50
7.85
9.50
8.22
9.50
6.08
9.50

.06 7.14
j 9.50

. 20! ■ 7. 97
9.50

59
33
00
.53
.56
.58
.14

Ingredients Guaranteed

Pure wheat bran.
....do

....do

....do

....do

Chemist's Finding

-do.
-do.

-1

-1.93;Wheat Bran
-1
-1
1

95 Wheat bran and ground

screenings

Wheat bran

.03 ....do

. 67|Pure wheat bran.
79. ...do

.65

..-.do...

-2

-1

-1.28'Pure wheat bran..

-3

As guaranteed,
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

Wheat bran, straw, corn-
cockle.

Wheat bran and corn
bran (little),
do.

7.70

9.50

8.19

9.50

.29' 7.48

8.95J

.4li 9.45J

I 9.50'

-.60 7.81

.85, 7.98,

j 9.50

1.05: 8.05

[ 6.25

1.60 6.77

....do

Wheat bran and some

screenings.
Wheat bran and whole
wheat (21%).

Wheat bran Iwheat bran, some corn

bran and screenings.
Pure wheat bran. ..iAs guaranteed.

..-.do.

Pure wheat products .

do.
do.

.do Wheat bran and small

! quantity of middlings.
50 Wheat bran As guaranteed.

69 -...do.
12 ....do.
45. ...do.
52'... .do.

do.
do.
do.
do.

by — . In all other cases the discrepancy is above guarantee.

26

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF

5*.

71

70

52

159

126

124

109

6

48

161

39

83

8

299

4

5

7

48

285

97

85

273

91

45

271

6555

6542

Brand Name from
Label

Pure Wheat Bran

...-do

....do

....do

....do

....do..

Seal of Minnesota Bran.
Pure Wheat Bran

....do

....do

Wheat Bran

Wheat Bran

Wheat Bran

....do

....do

Wheat Bran

....do....

....do

-...do

.—do

....do

Pure Wheat Bran—

Coarse Bran

Pure Coarse Wheat Bran

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Lynchburg Milling Co.,

Lynchburg, Va.
— -do

Retailer

J. D. Manor & Co., New
Market, Va.

C. H. Hunter, Roxboro...

HughWoods, Roxboro

Elmore Maxwell & Co.,
Greensboro.

Po

-do Hazell & Mimms, Reids-

ville.

Mountain City Mill Co.,
Chattanooga, Tenn.

— do :.

New Prague Flour Mill
Co., New Prague, Minn.

North Western Consoli-
dated Milling Co., Min-
neapolis, Minn.

Piedmont Mills, Lynch-
burg, Va.

---do

Slayden Fakes & Co.,

Asheville.
W. S. Ashworth & Son,

Brevard.
Ray Dawson, Kinston..

Oct. 8
Oct. 8
Sept. 9,
Jan. 20,

Nov. 24:
Nov. 24:
Nov. 8

Pillsbury Mills, Minne-
apolis, Minn.
....do__

J. S. Read, Morristown,

Tenn.
South Side Roller Mills,

Winston-Salem, N. C.

Elmore Maxwell Co.,

Greensboro.
Spray Mercantile Co.,

Spray.
C. G. Morris & Co.,

Washington.
A. E. Rankin & Co.,

Fayette ville.
Asheville Grocery Co.,

AsheviUe.
Farmers' Union Agency,

Winston-Salem.

South River Milling Co.,

Salisbury, N. C.
South Side Roller Mills,

Winston-Salem, N. C.
J. J. Wallace, Rusk, N. C.

W. A. Watson & Co.,

Greensboro.
Washburn-Crosby Co.,

Minneapolis, Minn.

-do }. G. Missick, Winston-
Salem.
.do Angels Bros., Winston-
Salem.
Salisbury Grain & Feed

Co., Salisbury.
Farmers' Union Agency,

Winston-Salem.
R. M. Chatham, Elkin...

.--do-—
...do— -

C. C. Shores & Co., Rock-
ingham.

J. H. Culbreth & Co.,
Fayette ville.
|G. C. Lovell Co., Mt. Airy.

The D. L. Gore Co.,

{ Wilmington,
do |Winston Grain Co., Wins-

• I ton-Salem.

Pure Wheat Bran..' |r. E. Zimmerman, Rural E. L. Kiser & Co., Rural

\ Hall, N. C. Hall.

do Ij. D. Anderson, Tobacco- Sent by J. D. Anderson,

ville, N. C. Tobaccoville.

do Milton Mill Co., Milton, iSent by N. C. Brandon,

N. C. Yanceyville.

Sept. 9
Jan. 20
Jan. 12:
Nov. 6
July 18,
June 16:
July 10
July 10
July 12:
Sept. 9:
May 26:

Nov. 11:

Nov. 6:
May 14:
Nov. 8
Sept. 9
May 13
Mar. — ,
Dec. —

'13
'14
'14
'13
'13
'14
'13
'13
'13
'13
'14
'13
'13
'14
'13
'13
'14
'14
'13

43 m

J3.Q

^ M

a =3

100
100
100
100
75
75
100

100
100
100
100
75
100

100
100

100
100
100
100
100

o
o

■a

Oh

$1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.30
1.50
1.65

1.60
1.65

1.60

1.70

1.60

1.60
1.60
1.75
1.60
1.50

The Bulletin.

27

WHEAT BRAN— Continued

$-1

ll

+3

a

^)

o

a
a

s

a

0,

Ingredients Guaranteed

Chemist's Finding

O c3

•So

.2
Q

« CI

.2
Q

Is

2

O
00

S

71

Guaranteed.
Found

14.50

4.00

9.50

14. 25

— .25

4.38
4.00

.38

8.30

—1.20

Wheat bran

As guaranteed.

70

/Guaranteed.! 14.50

9.50

I Found 13.37

—1.13

4.01

.01

9.11— .39

....do

do.

/Guaranteed.! 15.75

4.00

7.95

|\ Found ! 15.88

.13

2.66

—1.34

7.48— .47

-...do

do.

,.' J Guaranteed. 1 15.75
^^^ 1 Found ! 15.13

4.00

7.95

— .62

3.87

— .13

7.90— .05

--.do -.-

do.

, f Guaranteed. 1 14.50

1 I Found - 14.75

i f Guaranteed. 14.50
I Found. ' 14.38

4.00

9.50

.25

4.42
4.00

.42

8.15
9.50

—1.35

do.—

do.

— .12

4.31
4.75

.31

8.00
11.00

—1.50

do

do.

f Guaranteed.; 14.60

, Found

15.50

.90

4.78

.03i 9.84

—1.16

do

do.

. ( Guaranteed -

do

6

I Found

Guaranteed.
, Found.-

14.00
14.50

4.19
4.00

8.27
9.50

do.

48

14.13

— .37

4.80

.80

8.63

-.87

-...do -

do.

161

Guaranteed.
, Found

14.50

4.00

9.50

14. 25

-.25

4.45
3.50

.45

7.80
11.00

—1.70

do

do.

139

■Guaranteed. 14.00
\ Found 16.25

2.25

5.45

1.95

9.06

—1.94

— .do —

do.

83

Guaranteed -
Found

14.50

4.00

11.00

14.75

.25

4.21

.21

10.31

— .69

....do

do.

8

1 Guaranteed.
1 Found

14.50

4.00

9.50

15.00

.50

4.50

.50

8.32

—1.18

....do.

do.

299

Guaranteed.
I Found

14.50

4.09

6.30

15.00

.50

3.97

— .13

6.95

.65

....do

do.

Guaranteed.
I Found

14.38

3.76

---do

4

7.68

Wheat bran, wheat ber-

5

f Guaranteed.

17.13

4.09

6.30

ries and screenings.

1 Found 1 13.37

—3.76

3.27

— .82

6.17

— .13

Pure wheat products

Bran, whole wheat

7

(Guaranteed.! 15.25
I Found ' 13.75

4.42

4.80

screenings, corn cockle.

—1.50

3.50
4.09

— .92

6.35
6.50

1.55

Wheat bran . _

Wheat bran, some chaff

46

J Guaranteed.

I Found.

J Guaranteed.
I Found

17.13

and screenings.

13.50

3.63

4.19

.10

6.82

.32

....do

do.

285

14.13

4.33

6.41

do..

Wheat bran.

97

j Guaranteed-
l Found

14.50

4.00

9.50

15.13

.63

4.36

.36; 9.40

— .10

....do..

do.

85

f Guaranteed. 14.50

4.00

11.00

I Found

15.00

.50

4.53

.53 9.10

—1.90

—do... .-._

do.

273

f Guaranteed.
I Found

14.50

4.00

10.00

15.38

.88

5.36

1.36 10.15

.15

...-do

do.

• 91

f Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.
I Found

14.50

4.00

\ 11.00

15.87
14.50

1.37

4.49
4.00

.49 8.35
11.00

—2.65

. do

do.

45

14.75

.25

4.28

.28 9.81

—1.19

....do

do.

271

f Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed -
I Found

15.88

4.99

5.77

do

do.

6555

13.88
16.75

4.28
4.50

7.77

. do

do.

6542

4.71

14.49

—2.26

4.21

— .29

5.57

.86

....do

28

The Bulletin,

ANALYSES OF

^

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a

O

a> <u

Si

a =3
0 0

0

*M

PL,

6554

Bran

Sent by R. F. Linville,
Kernersville.

Sent by North State Mill-
ing Co., Greensboro.

Sent by P. M. Phillips,
Salisbury.

Sent by J. H. Walker & Co.
Reids villa.

Mar. — , '14
May — , '14
Apr. — , '14
Oct. — , '13

fi.57fi

Wheat Bran

fi5fiP

do

fiSlfi

do .

J. H. Walker & Co., Reids-
viUe, N. C.

RECAPITU

Maximum

Minimum

Average

Discrepancy

Number analyzed

Guaranteed
and Found

f Guaranteed -

I Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

( Guaranteed -

\ Found

Maximum...
Minimum...

Average

Guaranteed -

Deficient

Total

*0f the guarantees, not of total analyzed.
Note: — "Deficient" means here below guarantee and^
In discrepancy, the minus sign ( — ) before a number
above guarantee.

The Bulletin.

29

WHEAT BRAN— Continued

9 o

O I.
u a)

a
a

O

CO

f-,

ca ID

o
a

a

o

.2

P

V

0
03
0.

.2

Q

Ingredients Guaranteed

Chemist's Finding

6554
6576
6569
6516

J Guaranteed.

, Found

' Guaranteed.

Found..

f Guaranteed.

1 Found

■ Guaranteed.

Found

12.50

16.38

14.00
14.50
13.50

—1.00

6.12
4.50

4.15

4.00
4.97

.97

13.17

7.86

5.33
9.50

7.85

—1.65

LATION

Protein,

Per Cent

Fat, Per Cent

Fibre,

Per Cent

17.13
16.38
13.75
12.50

—3.76
— .07

5.35
6.12
3.00
2.66

—1.34
— .06

11.00

10.58

4.71

4.86

3.63
.06

1.95
.01

1.55
.50

—3.42
— .05

49 or 86
21 or 43
57 57

per cent,
per cent.*

49
11
57

or 86
or 22

per cent,
per cent.*

49 or 86
39 or 80
57

per cent,
per cent.*

in the case of fiber, means also better than guarantee,
means below guarantee; in all other cases the discrepancy is

30

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF MIDDLINGS,

h

T3 w

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a

M

1=3

8

s

84

Pure Wheat Middlings

Acme-Evans Co., Rich-
mond, Va.

J. H. Culbreth & Co.,
Fayette villa.

Nov. 6, '13

75

$1.30

8fi

....do

. .do

Adams Grain & Produce
Co., Fayetteville.

Nov. 6, '13

75

1 30

100 ....do

do

H.W. Little & Co., W'd'sb'ro

Nov 11. '13

100

1 80

171 Minnesota Fancy White

W. S. Ankeny & Co.,

W. A. Myatt, Raleigh . ...

100

Middlings.

Minneapolis, Minn.

146 Standard Middlings

Ballard & Ballard, Louis-

W. S. White & Co., EUza-

Jan. 4, '14

100

1.70

ville, Ky.

beth City

141

Wheat Middlings

Blank Gottshall, Sunbury,
Pa.

Pippin & Woolard, Wash-
ington.

Jan 12 '14

100

164

Tiger Wheat Middlings

Davis, Robinson & Co.,
Roanoke, Va.

C. Call, Wilkesboro...

Mar. 18, '14

100

1.75

301

Daisy Middlings

do

Farmers' Union Agency,

June 16, '14

100

1.90

Winston-Salem.

44

Barley Middlings

do

A. T. Rothrock, Walnut
Cove.

B. G. Thompson & Son,

Sept. 8, '13

247

Standard Middlings

D. H. Dixon, Goldsboro,

100

1.75

N. C.

Goldsboro.

243

Bixota Middlings

....do

M. J. Best & Sons, Golds-
boro.
F. D. Barkley & Co.,

Apr. 7. '14

100

1.75

196

Pure Wheat Brown

The Dunlop MilUng Co.,

Mar. 28. '14

75

1.50

Middlings.

Clarksville, Tenn.

Gastonia.

118

Patapsco Winter Wheat

C. A. Gambrill Mfg. Co.,

R. D. CaldweU & Sons,

Oct. 23, '13

Brown Middlings.

Baltimore.

Lumberton.

119

Ben Hur Middlings

Hennepin Mill Co.,Minne-
apoUs, Minn.

S. M. Savage, Greenville...

Nov. 21, '13

100

1.75

167

Daisy Middlings

Huff & Cook Roanoke Va

A T Rothrnok Walnut

Jan 20 '14

100

1.60

Cove.

147

Badger Wheat Middlings .

Chas. A. Krause Milling

W S. White & Co., EUza-

Jan. 14, '14

Co., Milwaukee, Wis.

beth City.

284

Eagle Middlings

J. B. A. Kerns & Sons,

Surry-Wilkes-Yadkin Sup-
ply Co., Elkin.

May 26, '14

100

1.75

Milwaukee, Wis.

264

Big Diamond Wheat
Standard MiddUngs.

Chas. Lunsford & Gray,
Petersburg, Va.

Howard Jobbing Co.,
Weldon.

Apr. 16, '14

100

1.85

22 Rich Middlines ^

Model Milling Co., John-

Asheville Grocerv Co..

Julv 18, '13

75

son City, Tenn.

Asheville.

125

....do.

do .

Sladen, Fakes & Co.,
Asheville.

Nov. 24, '13

75

1.35

• 58 Pure Wheat Middlings....

Northwestern Consoli-

Hazel & Mimms, Reids-

Jan. 20, '14

100

1.70

dated Milling Co.,

ville.

Minneapolis, Minn.

137

Standard Middlings

Pillsbury Mills, Minneap-
oUs, Minn.

C. B. mn. New Bern

Jan. 10, '14

100

1.75

138

Brown MiddUngs

....do

C. G. Morris & Co., Wash-

Jan. 12, '14

100

ington.

174

Pillsbury XX Daisy

...do

Sent by the manufacturers.

Feb. — , '14

MiddUngs.

162

....do

. .do

Leaksville-Spray Grocery

Jan. 20, '14

100

1 80

Co., Leaksville.

157

....do

. do

Hazel & Mimms, Reids-
ville.

Jan. 20, '14

100

1 75

77

....do

....do.

The West HiU Co., Mt.

Oct. 16, '13

100

1.90

Airy.

The Bulletin.

31

SHORTS AND RED DOG

"t1

0) a
S °

O C3

9 S

o t.

84

86
100
171

146 I
141 I
164 I
301. 1

44j|
247 (
243
196 I
118'
119
167
147
284^^
264'!

22
125
158

I

137. I
138^ I
174
'162
157
77

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found..

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found !

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.!

Found

Guaranteed
Found

Guaranteed.

Found '

Guaranteed.'

Found '

Guaranteed. [

Found '

Guaranteed.'

Found '

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found I

Guaranteed.]

Found.. 1

Guaranteed.!
Found I

5.00
7.63
5.00
6.50
5.00
7.00
5.00
7.13
5.69
4.13
6.00
6.25

7.50
7.00

7.75

a
o.

.+3

o

a

0.63
5.00
7.88,
7.00i
8.38
6.25
4.88
5.00
5.50
5.00
7.12
6.00
8.00
2.00
5.25
.00
5.88
4.67
8.13
5.02
5.81
4.02
5.87
5.00
6.38
5.00

7.oo:

5.001
6.50i
7.00|

8.50l
7.00
7.50
6.00
8.38
6.00J
8.871

2.63
1.50
2.00
2.13
-1.56
.25

.75!

2.88

1.38

-1.57

.50
2.12
2.00
3.25
- .12
3.46

.79
1.85
1.38
2.00
1.50
1.50

.50
2.38
2.87

4.00
5.23
4.00
5.05
4.00
5.11
4.00
5.10
4.26
4.25
5.00
5.05

a

5.37
4.60
4.60

i

1.25
3.50

5.32
4.00
6.00
4.60
3.79-

4.oo;

4.41

4.00

5.29

4.50

4.80

4.50

4.39-

3.00

3.47

4.21

5.69

4.00

4.55

4.00

4.51

4.50;
4.16-

4.50j
5.17
4.50[
4.521

1.23
1.05
1.11
1.10

- .01
.05

.00

1.82
2.00

- .81
.41

1.25
.30

- .11
.47

1.48
.55
.51
.77
.61
.65
.35

- .34
.67
.02

8.00
7.92— .
S.OOj
7.75— .
8.00
6.86—1.
7.05

5.00—2.
6. 87 1
5.05—1.
4.50
4.60 .

08

Ingredients Guaranteed

Chemist's Finding

Pure wheat middlings ... As guaranteed.

4.75
4.00
3.26

— .74

....do.
....do.
....do.
-...do-
10 ....do.
.-..do.
....do.

—3.

1.27
9.50
6.37
8.00
6.02 1
6.00
4. 12 1
6.001
7.93! 1
8.00'
7.71 —
4.00
2.27[— 1
7.00
7.581
5.43,
5.72i
9.35J
6. 65—2
7.20!
6.80 —
7.20
6.11—1
10.00
8.07—1
8.00'
9.01! 1
8.00;
8.79| .
4.00
2.65
4.00
2.47—1
4.00
3.70
4.00
2.87—1

do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

Said to be barley

middlings.
Wheat middlings..

....do

...-do....-

....do

....do

....do

....do.-

do As guaranteed.

do.

do.

do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Wheat bran.

....do

Wheat middlings, shorts
and offal.

Pure wheat middlings ...

Wheat middlings

-—do.
....do.
—.do.
....do.
....do.
....do-

do,
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF MIDDLINGS,

•§3

154
47
69
10

307

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Daisy Middlings

-..do

—.do

Pure Wheat Middlings.
....do .

235jMiddling3 Made in
Argentine.
..do.

236

237

61

57

297

8S

262

258

283

276

272

269

267

303

254

176

177

90

166

6556

6531

....do

Standard Middlings

....do

....do

....do

Pure Wheat Middlings.

Wheat Middlings

XX Daisy Middlings

....do

....do

—.do

....do

Standard Wheat

Middlings.
Wheat Middlings and

Ground Screenings.
....do

Retailer

-do... Stokes Grocery Co., Wal-
nut Cove.

.do Farmers' Union Agency,

Winston-Salem

.do J. M. O'Briant & Bro.,

Roxboro.
Stuarts Draft Milling Co., ICline & Moose, Concord... | July 15, '13

Stuarts Draft, Va.
do |W. H. Turner, Winston-

Jan. 20, '14
Sept. 9, '13
Oct. 8, '13

Chas. Schaefer & Son,
Wilmington, N. C.

I Salem.

'Chas. Schaefer & Son,
Wilmington.

June 16. '14

Apr. 3, '14

.do R. D. Caldwell & Son,

[ Lumberton.
.do... 1 John P. McNeill, Lumber- lApr. 3, '14

I ton.

Cline & Moose, Concord.. .

Washburn-Crosby Co.,

Minneapolis, Minn.
do The Patterson Co.,

.do.

Washburn-Crosby Co.,
Louisville, Ky.

Sept. 26, '13
Sept. 22, '13
June 16, '14

Greensboro.

T. M. Benton, Winston-
Salem.

Adams Grain & Provision |Nov. 6, '13
Co., Fayetteville.

Eugene Johnson, Littleton

& Mi

Apr. 16, '14

Apr. 16, '14

May 26, '14

May 13, '14

May 13, '14

....do

Middlings and Cleanings .

Eagle Rye Middlings

Wheat Middlings...

....do

Littleton Feed & Grocery

Co., Littleton.
S. W. Y. Supply Co.,

Elkin.
The West-HiU Co., Mt.

Airy.
G. C. Lovell Co., Mt.

Airy.
Parham Supply Co., Hen- lApr. 17, '14

derson.
beo. A. Rose Co., Hender- jApr. 17, '14

son.
Winston Grain Co., Wins- jjune 16, '14

ton-Salem.
do... ..[Southern Feed & Grocery |Apr. 15, '14

Co., Durham.
Sent by the manufacturers

Washburn-Crosby Co.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

.do
.do

.do.

B. A. Eckhart Milling Co., iThe D. L. Gore Co., Wil-

Chicago, 111.
Huff & Cook, Roanoke, Va.

J. D. Anderson, Tobacco-

ville, N. C.
Wilkins-RicksCo., Sanford, do

N.C. •

mington.
A. T. Rothrock, Walnut

Cove.
Sent by the owner

Feb. —,'14
Feb. — , '14
Nov. 8, '13
Jan. 20, '14
Mar. — . '14
Oct. — , '13

100
100
100
100
}00
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

a
o

81.65
1.85
1.90

2.00
1.75
1.75
1.65
1.75
1.65
1.60

1.65
1.85
1.85
1.90
1.90
1.85
1.85
1.70
1.70

100
100

1.65
1.60

The Bulletin.
SHORTS AND RED DOG— Continued

33

^"2

a o

O 03

'So

o t^

6556

6531

f Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

1 Found --

f Guaranteed -

I Found

J Guaranteed -

I Found

I Guaranteed -

I Found _.

j Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

1 Found

I Guaranteed.

1 Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found..

I Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

\ Found..

I Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found.

f Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found..

j Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed-

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed.
I Found

0
c3

6.00

7.38
6.00
7.75
6.00
7.00
6.00
3.88
5.00
5.50
5.31
8.50
5.31
8.50
5.31
8.38
5.00
7.87
5.00
7.87|
5.00
6.88
5.00
6.88
7.02
7.00
5.00
5.63
6.00
6.00
7.00
7.75
7.00
7.25
6.00
8.13
6.00|
8.50i

5 oo:

6.75
5.00
7.38
5.00
7.94
5.00
6.63
4.00
6.50
5.00
6.00

3.00

6.87

1.38

1.75

1.00

-2.12

.50

3.19

3.19

3.08

2.87

2.87

1.

1.

- .02

.63

.00

.75

.25

2.13

2.50

1.75

2.38

2.94

1.63

2.50

1.00

PL,

d

4.50
4.67
4.50
4.31
4.50
2.35
5.00|
2.85'
4.00!
3.78^
3.83
4.32
3.83
4.43
3.83
4.48
4.00
5.35
4.00
5.22
5.00
5.60
4.00
4.86
4.03
5.45
4.50
5.10
4.00
3.22
4.50
4.72
4.50
4.81
4.50
4.26
4.50
4.72
5.00
5.45
5.00
5.43
4.50
4.92
4.50
5.22
4.00
4.41
3.00
3.49

3.43

5.85

.17

.19

-2.15

-2.15

- .22
.59
.60
.65

1.35

1.22

.60

.86

1.42

.60

- .78
.22
.31

- .24
.22
.45
.43
.42
.72
.41
.49

fnO

a

03

a

4.00
2.81
4.00
3.52
4.00
2.88
5.00]

4.00!
2.73
6.68
7.80
6.68
5.27
6.68
5.41
8.00
6.62
8.00
6.12
9.00
6.57
8.00
7.47
9.04
7.72

10.00

.8.46
4.00
3.23
4.00
3.52
4.00
3.56
4.00
3.09
5.00
2.79
9.50
7.15
9.50
6.65
7.00
4.44

10.00
9.02

11.00
6.00
5.70
5.41

-1.19

— .48

—1.12

Ingredients Guaranteed

42

27

12

41

—1.27

38

—2.43

— .53

—1.32
—1.54

— .77

— .48

— .44

— .91

2.43
5.67

—5.

Wheat middlings

....do

...-do

....do

....do

Wheat middUngs and
ground screenings

....do

....do

....do

..-.do

....do

....do

....do

Wheat middlings

....do

..-.do

....do

....do

....do.

Middlings and screenings

.---do

.---do

....do :.-

....do

....do

Wheat middlings

do

Chemist's Finding

As

guaranteed.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

2 — Agri. Dept.

34

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF MIDDLINGS,

s a

6508

6501

6501

156

13

184

9

6520

300

6587

6588

12

57

263

72

215

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Walter's I S] Middlings...

Standard Middlings

Standard Middlings

Pure Wheat Shorts

.—do

.-.do

Pure Wheat Shorts

....do

Red Dog Middlings

....do.

....do...

Red DogG. Flour

Red Dog Middlings

Superb Red Dog

Middlings.
Eagle Red Dog Middlings

Red Dog Middlings

J. A. Walter Milling Co.,
Buffalo, N. Y.

Crescent Milling Co., Fair-
fax, Minn.

Hubbard Milling Co.,
Mankato, Minn.

Andrew Bowling, Staun-
ton, Va.

Liberty Mills, Nashville,
Tenn.

Middle Tennessee Milling
Co., Tullahoma, Tenn.

South Side Roller Mills,
Winston-Salem, N. C.

White Star Mills, Staun-
ton, Va.

Austin-Heaton Co., Dur-
ham, N. C

....do

Retailer

■f a

J3J3

a

.Sf'-l

^.2

<D S

E =3

+3 — •
cS3

•3^

Qo

b-3

Sent by the manufacturer. Aug. — , '13

I
H. Weil & Bro., Goldsboro.' July 10, '13

do.... July 10, '13

Hazel & Mimms, Reids- Jan. 20, '14

ville.
City Feed Co., Hickory....! Sept. 18, '13

iC. Call, Wilkesboro Mar. 18, '14

$-..

Angelo Bro., Winston-

July 10, '13
Oct. 6, '13

ij. C. Thomas & Co.,

Apex.
|S. J. Adams, Raleigh July 10, '14

.do.

Bay State Milling Co.,

Winona, Minn.
...-do...

Sent by manufacturer

.._.do

Overman & Co., Salisbury

July 10, '14

Sept. 16, '13
Sept. 9, '13

Eagle Roller Mill Co.,
New Ulm, Minn.

Lynchburg Milling Co.,
Lynchburg, Va.

Washburn-Crosby Co.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

Elmore Maxwell Co.,

Greensboro.
,M. C. Braswell, Battle- lApr. 16, '14

boro.
B. W. Murphy Co., Rox- Oct. 8, '13

boro.
Elmore Maxwell Co., Mar. 31, '14

Greensboro.

100 1.70
lOO: 1.75
100 1.80

100 1.85

100
100
100
100
100

1.95
1.95
1.80
1.90
2.00

RECAPIT

Maximum.
Minimum.
Average

Discrepancy.

Number analyzed.

Guaranteed
and Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found-

I Guaranteed.
1 Found

Maximum.-.

Minimum

Average

Guaranteed.

Deficient

Total

*0f the guaranteed, not of the total.

Note: "Deficient" here means below guarantee, and,

See also Note on pages 24 and 28.

The Bulletin.

35

SHORTS AND RED DOG— Continued

«1

Of a
B °

O c3

6503

6501

6500,

156

13

184

9

6520

300

6587

6588

12

51

263

72

215

j Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed-

l Found

f Guaranteed-

\ Found

j Guaranteed -

I Found

J Guaranteed.

1 Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

1 Found .-

I Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed.

1 Found..

J Guaranteed.

I Found I

j Guaranteed.

1 Found J

j Guaranteed.

1 Found

f Guaranteed.

1 Found

J Guaranteed-

l Found

f Guaranteed

I Found

J Guaranteed
1 Found

0 g
SO

PiPl,

P.

16.88
16.72
19.13
14.50
18.25
14.50
18.13
16.00|
15.88
16.00
15.75
10.00
15.00
14.50
15. 25
17.50
15.63-

14.38

2.41
3.75
3.63

- .12

- .25
5.00

.70
-1.87

4^" a

a
a

15.12
18. 00
16.38
18.00
16.50
19.02

5.86
5.38'
6.79
5.10
6.83
4.00'
5.60
4.00
4.92
6.00^
4.73-
4.00
4.60
4.00
4.04
4.50
3.39-
1

rS a)

7.62

1.41

1.73

1.60

.92,

-1.27!

.60;

.04'

-1.11

7.59
10.00
6.6S
6.00
5.82
6.00
4.78
4.00
3.46
4.00
3.85
8.00
6.45
2.50
2.00

a

OS

a

-3.32
- .18

Ingredients Guaranteed

Wheat middlings.

....do

....do

Wheat shorts

Chemist's Finding

—1.22: do.;.

.54
.15;

.do.
.do.

As guaranteed.

do.

do.

do.
Shorts, bran and
screenings.

As guaranteed.

As claimed.

-1.55' _.do 'Shorts and crushed wheat

- .50,

-1.62
-1.50

3.26

I

3.15

4.00

4.16

4.50

4.13-

5.33

2.16

.16

.37,

19.50

.48

5.58

.25

19.00

5.00

16.87

—2.13

3.35

—1.65

16.00

4.50

17.75

I.75I 4.65

.15

1.93

2.50

1.23— 1.27 Red dog.

6.00,

1.20—1.80 do...

4.38|

3.90— .48' do...

2. 13! I

.do.--

1.78— .35.

7.00^

1.39—5.61 do.

As claimed.
do.
do.
do.
do.

ULATION

Protein,

Per Cent

Fat, Per Cent

Fibre,

Per Cent

19.00

6.00

11.00

19. 50

6.83

9.02

10.00

3.00

2.13

13.00

2.35

1.20

5.00

2. 12

--

2.00

—2.15

1.98

—5.61

.25

— .02

.02

— .01

.10

— .OS

63 or 90

per cent.

63

or 90

per cent.

63 or 90

per cent.

11 or 17

per cent.*

13

or 20. 5

per cent.*

53 or 84

per cent.*

70

70

70

in the case of fiber, means also better than guarantee.

36

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF MIXTURES OF BRAN, SHORTS

Brand Name form
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

13
O

o-p,

o a

®.2

inn

o

18

City Feed Co., Hickory... _

Sept. 18, '13

$1.75

15

Wheat Bran and
Middlings.

Concord Milling Co.,
Concord, N. C.

H. L. Parks & Co., Con-
cord.

July 15, '13

100

6S

Glen Anna Milling Co.,

Denton Mer. Co., Denton.

Sept. 24, '13

Thomasville, N. C.

14

Choice Wheat Bran and
Shorts.

Grimes Milling Co., Salis-
bury, N. C.

Salisbury Grain & Feed
Store, Salisbury.

July 12, '13

75

201

Pure Wheat Bran and
Shorts.

Hickory Milling Co.,
Hickory, N. C.

Gaston Seed & Produce
Co., Gastonia.

Mar. 26, '14

75

1.40

17

Bran and Shorts Mixed...

Newport Mills, Newport,
Tenn.

City Feed Co., Hickory____

Sept. 18, '13

75

1.30

Ifi

do . -

....do

Widenhouse & Co., Kan-
napolis.

Sept. 16, '13

75

1 40

6536

do

Newsom Roller Mills,
Newsom, N. C.

Dec. — , '13

6514

Wheat Bran and Shorts

Kings Mountain Roller

W. A. Ware & Co., Kings

Aug. — , '13

Mills, Kings Mtn., N. C.

Mountain.

6511

do

Statesville Flour Mill Co.,

Statesville Flour Mill Co...

Sept. — '13

Statesville, N. C.

6533

Whp.it limn and Whoat

Farmers' Cooperative Mill-

Nov. — , '13

Middlings.

ing Co., Valdese, N. C.

92

Wheat Bran and Screen-
ings.

Dunlop Milling Co.,
Clarksville, Tenn.

B. F. Mitchell, Wilming-
ton.

Nov. 8, '13

100

1.60

33

Wheat Bran, Shorts and
Screenings.

Landis Milling Co., Landis,
N. C.

Graham & Thomason,
Kannapolis.

Sept. 16, '13

75

1.40

23

Pure Wheat Bran and
Screenings.

Liberty Mills, Nashville,
Tenn.

Adams Grain & Produce
Co., Asheville.

July 18, '13

100

175

Wheat Bran and Screen-

Pillsbury Flour Mills Co.,

Sent by the manufacturers

Feb. — , '14

ings.

Minneapolis, Minn.

6524

Star Milling Co., States-

do -

Oct. — , '13

ville, N. C.

6563

Whp.at St.indard B

Sent by J. A.Lawson, Dan-

Apr. — , '14

Middlings and Screen-

bury, R. F. D. 1.

ings.

RECAPIT

Guaranteed
and Found

Maximum.

J Guaranteed.
j 1 Found

Minimum I / Guaranteed.

] I Found --

Average ' I Guaranteed.

I Found

f Maximum...
Discrepancy. ] Minimum...

I Average

I Guaranteed -
Number analyzed \ Deficient....

1 [Total

*0f the guaranteed.

Note: "Deficient" here means below guarantee and.
See also Note on pages 24 and 28.

The Bulletin.
OR MIDDLINGS AND SCREENINGS

37

11
■2 ^

1

0)

0

d

0.

§3

&
a

0.

Ingredients Guaranteed

Chemist's Finding

2^

•So

O fcH

2

.2
Q

£

0

s

.-eS

£

m

5

18

f Guaranteed _
I Found- -

14.50

4.00

7.00

16.80

2.30

4.80

.80

6.13

— .87

Bran, middlings, screen-

As guaranteed.

15

f Guaranteed.

1 Found -.

j Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed -

I Found

f Guaranteed.
I Found

17.50

4.63

7.36

ings.

14.38
16.25

-3.12

4.68
5.01

.05

6.61
7.90

— .75

Bran middlings

do.

68

14.37
15.12

—1.88

4.72
4.00

— .29

6.62
7.00

—1.28

Bran shorts .

do.

14

13.50
15.00

— 1. 62

3.53— .47

4.00'

4. 83 —2. 17
6.00

do

do.

201

13.88

—1.12

3.50— .50

4.43—1.57

....do

do.

17

r Guaranteed.
I Found -.

14.50

4.00

8.00!

16.38

1.88

4.90 .90

5.86—2.14

Bran, shorts, screenings _

do.

16

f Guaranteed -

14.50

4.00'

8.00:

I Found. .--

14.50

.00

3.94— .06

4. 86 —3. 14

...do

do.

65'?fi / *juaranteed.

15.12

4.23

6.08

do . .

do.

cr, , f Guaranteed.

I Found

1 Guaranteed.
I Found

14.25
16.00

4.65'
4.00'

5.21
7.00

do

do.

6511

16.00

.06

4.86 .86

6.26— .74

6533

f Guaranteed.
I Found

14.50

4.14

5.47

92

f Guaranteed -
\ Found

14.75

4.00

9.50

Wheat bran and screen-

do.

13.37

—1.38

4.35' .35

7.63'— 1.87

ings.

33

J Guaranteed -
I Found.-

14.99

5.02

6.38

Wheat bran, shorts and

15.25

.26

4.26— .76

4.98—1.40

screenings.. ... ... .

do.

23

( Guaranteed.
I Found

14.50

4.00

9.50

13.38

—1.12

4.64' .64

9.05— .45

Wheat bran and screen'gs

do.

175

f Guaranteed.
I Found

14.50

4.00,

12.00

16.25

' 1.75

4.67

.67

9.08—2.92

6524

1 Guaranteed .
I Found -.

!

13.50

3.80

5.96

6563

f Guaranteed -
I Found

16.05

1

5.32

9.08

Wheat middlings
screenings.

and

1

ULATION

Protein, Per Cent | Fat, Per Cent

Fibre, Per Cent

17.50
16.38
14.50
13. 37

2.30
.06

-3.12
-1.12

5.02
5.32
4.00
3.50

12.00
9.08
6.00
4.43

.90
.05

.76
06

—3.14
— .45

11 or 65

per cent.

11 or 65

per cent.* 11 or 65 per cent.

6 or 55

per cent.*

5 or 45

per cent. 11 or 100 per cent.*

17

17

Il7

in the case of fiber, means also better than guarantee.

38

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF TRADE-NAME MIXTURES OF

96

34

66

87

190

203

266

278

293

63

309

188

Brand Name from
Label

Thoroughbred Feed...

Hog Feed

....do

....do

....do....

.-..do

....do

..-.do

....do

Bulls Eye Mixed Feed.

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Gwinn's Daisy Feed Bran

and Shorts.
Satisfaction MiU Feed

Lexington Roller MiU Co.,

Lexington, Ky.
Statesville Flour Mill Co.,

Statesville, N. C.
--..do

.do.
.do.
.do-
.do.
.do.
.do..

Retailer

^ o

A. W. Porter Co., Inc.,

Rockingham.
Graham & Thomason,

Kannapolis.
W. J. Fite, Charlotte...

Adams Grain & Provision
Co., Fayetteville.

Harris & McNeely, Moores-
ville.

F. D. Brakley & Co.,
Gastonia.

Geo. A. Rose & Co., Hen-
derson.

Blair & Co., North Wilkes-
boro.

Rhyme Bros., Charlotte...

Adams Grain & Provision
Co., Charlotte.

W. A. Turner, Winston-
Salem.

Blish Milling Co., Sey-

more, Ind.
Gwinn Milling Co., Colum

bus, O.
Mooresville Flour MiU Co., IR. W. Freeze & Sons,
I I Mooresville, N. C. j Mooresville.

186j do ' do ; Howard Brawley Co.,

MooresvUle.
Pillsbury Flour MiU Co.,

Minneapolis, Minn.
Banner Roller Mills, Lin- lAdams Grain & Produce
colnton, N. C. Co., Charlotte

178^ Fancy Wheat Mixed Feed

60 Pure Wheat Bran and
Shipstuff.

Sent by the Manufacturer..

Nov. 11, '13
Sept. 16, '13
Sept. 25, '13
Nov. 6, '13
Mar. 25, '14
Mar. 26, '14
Apr. 17, '14
May 25, '14
June 11, '14
Sept. 25, '14
June 16, '14
Mar. 25, '14
Mar. 25, '14
Feb. — , '14
Sept. 25, '13
I

3 1

100,$1.65

100
75
75

100
75

100

100
75
75

100

1.80
1.35

1.85
1.50
1.80
1.75
1.40
1.35
1.85

100

1.75

100

100

1.85

1.80

RECAPIT

Maximum.

Minimum,

Average.

Discrepancy.

Number analyzed.

Guaranteed
and Found

j Guaranteed -
I Found

Guaranteed.

Found

[ Maximuni...
\ Minimum...

i Average

I Guaranteed.

•! Deficient

I Total

*Per cent of the guaranteed, not of the total.

Note: "Deficient" means here below guarantee, and

See also Note on pages 24 and 28.

The Bulletin.
WHEAT BRAN, MIDDLINGS AND SCREENINGS

39

0 o

O c3

d 3

■So

o t-

o

CI

<a

96 I

34j{

66 {

i
87' {

190 {

202 I
266 {
278 I
293
63
309, I

iss'l

186 I

178: {

60 I

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed.
Found

I

15.75
15.38
15.00
15.00|

15. OO'
14.37
15.00
15.63
15.00|
15.00
15.00
15.63|
15.00|
14.88^
15. 40'
15.00
15.00
14.50
16.00:
14.62'
16.00
16.00
14.00
14.13
14.00
13.63

16. oo:

17. Oo!
14.50

0

Ph
.+»

4i CI
c9 a>

a

14.87

- .37,

i

.00

- . 63
.63!

.J

.63

I

- .12

- .40,

- .50

!

—1.38'

I
.00

.13,

— .371
1.00
.37

3.83

4.30

4.00

3.66-

4.00|

3.78-

4.O0J

3.97-

4.00

4.45

4.00

4.25]

4.00

4.15;

4.00'

4.37!

4.00

4. 05 1

4.40:

4.20'-

4.00I

5.421

4.00[

3.27;-

4.00|

3.9S'-

4.501

4.64;

4.00|

4.30|

.47

- .34

- .22

- .03
.45
.25
.15
.37;
.05

- .20'
1.42

- .73
-.02!

.14
.30

C8
0.
a

7.09

5.97'

7.00

4.52

7.00]

5.42

7.00|

5.04'

7.00^

5.60|

7.00|

5. Os'

7.00t

5.58

7.00|

5.78-

7.00'

4.92

9.10J

5.27-

7.00|

6.26

8.00!

3.82-

8.00'

4.42;
9.00;

6.37-
8.00:
7.08:

Ingredients Guaranteed

-1.12.

1
-2.48.

-1.58.

-1.96.

Chemist's^Finding

Wheat bran and
middlings,
do.

do.

do.

iWheat bran, middlings '
-1.40 and screenings As guaranteed.

-1.92
-1.42
-1.22
-2.08

.-..do.
....do.
....do.
....do.

j

do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

-3. 83 Pure wheat product.

Bran and middlings, j
- .74 Bran shorts.

-4.18'.

-3.58',

do.
do.

-2. 63 Wheat bran, flour, screen- As guaranteed.
I ings

- .92 Wheat bran and shipstuff. do.

I • !

ULATION

Protein,

Per Cent

Fat, Per Cent

Fibre,

Per Cent

16.00
17.00
14.00
13.63

—1.38
— .12

4.50
5.42
3.83
3.27

— .73

— .02

9.10
7.08
7.00
3.82

1.00
.13

1.42
.05

.00
.00

-^.18

- .74

15 or 100
7 or 46. 6
IS

per cent,
per cent.*

15

6

15

or 100
or 40

per cent,
per cent.*

15
15
15

or 100
or 100

per cent,
per cent.*

in the case of fiber, means also better than guarantee.

40

The Bulletix.

ANALYSES OF

3^

Brand Name from
Label

21

260

19

49

54

216

225

229

270

281

287

82

99

98

231

192

189

199

282

183

185

193

253

20

62

191

6547

Shipstuff

....do

Pure Wheat Shipstuff.

...-do

....do

Dan Valley Shipstuil.
Pure Wheat Shipstuff _
Dan Valley Shipstuff.

Shipstuff

Pure Wheat Shipstuff.

....do..

Shipstuff

..do

.do_

.do_
.do.

..do

Piedmont Shipstuff -
..do

Piedmont Shipstuff.

._do

..do

Shipstuff

...do.
...do.

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Austin-Heaton Co., Dur-
ham, N. C.
-...do

Dan Valley Mills, Dan-
ville, Va.
....do

.do-

-dO-

-do.

.do.

-do-

.do.

The Dunlop Mills, Rich-
mond, Va.
..do

Harrisonburg Milling Co.,

Harrisonburg, Va.
-..do

Horn-Johns{on Co.,
Mocksville, N. C.

Mt. Ulla Roller Mill Co.,
Mt. Ulla, N. C.
..do-

Piedmont Mills, Lynch-
burg, Va.
..do—

Piedmont Mills, Lynch-
burg, Va.
..do

-do.

South Side Roller Mills,
Winston-Salem, N. C.

Statesville Flour Mill Co.,
Statesville, N. C.

Star Milling Co., States-
ville, N. C.

R. F. Cheek, Burlington,
N. C.

Retailer

Bridgers Grocery Co.,
Charlotte.

Eugene Johnston, Little-
ton.

Farmers' LTnion Agency,
Winston-Salem.

Elmore Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

Winston Grain Co., Wins-
ton-Salem.

Elmore Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

The Patterson Co.,
Greensboro.

Wide-Awake Hay and
Grocery Co., Greensboro

Parham Supply Co., Hen-
derson.

F. D. Forrester, North
Wilkesboro.

Elkin Mercantile Co.,
Elkin.

A. E. Rankin Co., Fay-
ette\'ille.

Parsons & Hardison,
Wadesboro.

F. W. Maurice, Rocking-
ham.

Wide-Awake Hay & Grain
Co., Greensboro.

R. W. Freeze & Son,
Mooresville.

W. M. Neel & Co., Moores-
ville.

Harris & McNeely, Moores-
ville.

Parsons Bros., North
Wilkesboro.

F. D. Forrester & Co.,
North Wilkesboro.

North Wilkesboro Feed
Store, North Wilkesboro.

W. M. Neel & Co., Moores-
ville.

Southern Feed & Grocery
Co., Durham.

Angelo Bro., Winston-
Salem.

Cline & Moose, Concord---

R. W. Freeze & Sons,

Mooresville.
Sent by the manufacturer--

^ o

Aug.

Apr.

July

Sept.

Sept.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Apr.

May

May

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Apr.

July

Sept.

Mar.

Feb.

15, '13

16, '14

10, '13
9, '13
9, '13

31, '14
30, '14
30, '14

17, '14

25, '14

26, '14
6, '13

11, '13
11, '14
30, '14
25, '14
25, '14
25, '14
25, '14

18, '14
18, '14

25, '14
15, '14
10, '13

26, '13
25, '14
-.'14

The Bulletin.

41

SHIPSTUFF

C o

o i

21

260,

19

49

54

216

225,

229

270

281

287i

o t^

13

98

231

192

189

199

282

183

185

193

253

20

62

191

■6547

J Guaranteed.

I Found.

f Guaranteed.!

I Found '

f Guaranteed.]

1 Found __'

f Guaranteed.

1 Found

r Guaranteed.'

1 Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found J

Guaranteed. I

Found

{ Guaranteed.!

I Found '

J Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found !

J Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed-

l Found

f Guaranteed.!

I Found

J Guaranteed.

1 Found

f Guaranteed-

\ Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guai'anteed-

1 Found

Guaranteed.

Found

J Guaranteed -

I Found

J Guaranteed.

1 Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found..

J Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed -
Found

16. 00

15.25

16. OOi

15.25

16.00|

15.38

16. Oo'

16.28

16.00

16.37

16.00

16.50

16.00

16.13

16.00

16.88

15.00

16.25

15.00

15.75

15.00

16.38

14.50

15.38

14.50

15.50

15.00

17.25

15. oo'

17.38]

15.00|

14. 50'

14.00|

15.00

14.00

14.75

15.00

15.13J

15.00|

16.38'

15.00

15.50

15.00

15.63

15.00

15.75

14.13

15.88

15.00

14.62

14.62

16.38

^ d

- .75

- .75

- .62
.28
.37
.50
.13
.88

1.25
.75
1.38
.88
1.00
2.25
2.38

- .50
1.00

.75
.13

1.38
.50
.63
.75

1.75

- .38
1.76

16.37

d-
ft

fc

4.50

4.53

4.50

4.57

5.00

4.63

5.00

4.61

5.00

4.69

4.00

4.65

5.00

4.70

5.00

4.76

4.00

4.74

4.00

4.61

4.00

4.78

4.00

4.31

4.00

3.97

4.50

5.171

4.00

5.35

5.00!

3.88

4.25

3.55

4.25

3.82

4.00]

4.24

4.00

4. 74 1

4.00'

4.64;

4.00

4.52

4.00

4.60'

3.69

4.82

4.00

3.65

4.36

5.90

a
ft

f^O

4.56

.03
.07

■ .37

■ .39

- .31
.65

■ .30

- .24
.74
.61
.78
.31

- .03
.67

1.35
-1.12

- .70

- .43
.24
.74!
.64
.52
.60

1.13

- .35
1.54

5.50

5.7I1

5.50]

6.78

6.00

5.58

6.00

5.74'

6.00'

5.11

5.00

5.36

6.00

5.54

6.00

5.66

5.00

5.04

5.00

5.30'

6.00

5.38-

7.00

5.38!-

7.00!

5.43'-

7.00

5.39-

6.00

5.45!-

4.25'

6.32

5.00;

4.35

5.00

4.14

6.00!

5.00

6.00

4.82

6,00

5.51

6.00

5.86

6.00

4.81

2.57

5.45

7.00

5.45

5.00

4.82

Ingredients Guaranteed

. 21 Shipstuff
1.28.. ..do

- .42... .do

- .26.__.do

- .89. ...do
.36. ...do

- .46._..do
.34'.. ..do
.04L._.do
.30.. ..do

2.07

- .65

- .86
—1.00
—1.18

— .49

— .14
—1.19

2.88
—1.55

6.01

...do..
...do_.
___do..
...do.
...do.
._._do.
.__.do.

.---do.
.---dO-
.---do.

Chemist's Finding

— .18-__.do.

As guaranteed,
do.
do.
do.

do.

i

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.-

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

.do-

do.

42

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF

° s

6549

6568

6510

6520

6515

Brand Name from
Label

Roaring River Shipstuff.
Shipstuff

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

C. H. & W. C. Greenwood,

Roaring River, N. C.
Adams Grain & Provision
Co., Richmond, Va.

do jStatesville Flour MiU Co.,

' Statesville, N. C.

do !Star Milling Co., States-

I viUe, N. C.

do !J. H. Walker & Co., Reids-

ville.

Retailer

Sent by the manufacturer.

Sent by P. M. PhiUips,

Salisbury.
Sent by the manufacturer. [Aug. — , '13

^ o

.Sf'-i

o's

Feb. — , '14
Apr. — , '14

-do.

Oct. — , '13
JAug. — , '13

O

£

RECAPIT

Maximum.

Minimum.

Average.

Discrepancy.

Number analyzed..

Guaranteed
and Found

I Guaranteed.

1 Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found.

f Guaranteed.

I Found

f Maximum...

■! Minimum...

Average

Guaranteed.

Deficient

Total

*0f the guaranteed, not of the total.

Note: "Deficient" means here below guarantee and.

See also Note on pages 24 and 28.

The Bulletin.

43

SHIPSTUFF-Continued

4:>

0.

Si

a
a

t4

a
n

Ingredients Guaranteed

Chemist's Finding

Labors
Numb

Guara
and Fc

Proteii
Per Ce

2

U

.2
Q

Oh

o
.2
P

II

fed

IS
O

S ■

J Guaranteed.
6549 I Found

14.12

3.72

5.46

Shipstuff

As guaranteed

f Guaranteed -
6568 I Found

17.00

5.47

7.13

....do

do.

r Guaranteed.
I Found

15.00

4.00

7.00

6510

15.25

.25

4.32

.32

6.02

- .98

--do

do.

( Guaranteed.
I Found

6520

14.62

4.36

5.57

..._do

do.

Guaranteed.
Found

15.00

4.50

4.50

.

6515

14.75

— .25

4.33

— .17

4.94

.44

ULATION

Protein,

Per

Cent

Fat, Per Cent

Fibre,

Per Cent

16.00

5.00

7.00

17.38

5.90

7.13

14.00

4.00

2.57

14.12

3.55

4.14

.

1.76

.75

--

1.54

—1.12

--

2.88

—1.62

.13

—

.25

.03

— .03

.04

— .14

26 or 86. 6

per

cent.

26

or 86. 6

per cent.

26

or 86. 6

per cent.

6 or 23

per

cent.*

11

or 42

per cent.*

19

or 73

per cent.*

30

30

30

in the case of fiber, means also better than guarantee.

44

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF MIXED FEEDS

° &

37
227
212
105
122
265
112
208

256

286

73

89

168

153

36

203
316
304

170

268
211
239
240
228

Brand Name from
Label

Boss Feed

White Feed

Mixed Feed

Daisy Dairy Feed..

Caronoco Feed

Colonial Hog Feed.
Corno

Corno Horse and Mule
Feed.

_-.-do ..

.-.do

Wheat and Corn Chops.

Mixed Feed

Ceralfa Stock Feed

Eagle Barley Feed

International Jewel Feed.

International Dry Horse

and Mule Feed.
International Cow Feed .

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Asheville Milling Co.,

Asheville, N. C.
....do

Retailer

Bluefield Milling Co.,
Blue field, W. Va.

Cairo Milling Co., Cairo,
111.

Carolina Rice Mills, Golds
boro, N. C.

Colonial Cereal Co., Nor-
folk, Va.

The Corno Mills Co., St.
Louis, Mo.
..do

.do.
.do-

Davis Robinson Co.,
Roanoke, Va.

Douthat, Riddle Co., Dan-
ville, Va.

Edgar-Morgan, Memphis,
Tenn.

Huff & Cook, Roanoke,
Va.

International Sugar Fac-
tory No. 2 Co., Memphis,
Tenn.

....do

_do_

Just Corn Goods.

Larro Feed.

Larro Dairy Feed.
Model Mill Feed....

...-do.

.-..do

Fine Feed

Just Mills, Nashville,
Tenn.

Larrowe Milling Co., De-
troit, Mich.

.do.

Model Mill Co., Johnston,

Tenn.
..-.do

-do.

Mountain City Mill Co.,
Chattanooga, Tenn.

City Feed Co., Hickory ...

Wide-Awake Hay & Grain

Co., Greensboro.
Thomas & Howard Co.,

Greensboro.
M. J. Best & Son, Golds-

boro.
S. M. Savage, Greenville,-.

Howard Jobbing Co.,

Weldon.
T. P. Asheford, New Bern.

The Patterson Co.,
Greensboro.

Southern Feed and Gro-
cery Co., Durham.
The Atkinson Co., Elkin -

S. V. Thomlinson, North
Wilkesboro.

The Armfield Co., Fay-
ette ville.

W. A. Myatt, Raleigh

a
o

-fcJ ' — !

Po

Stokes Grocery Co., Wal-
nut Cove.
Overman & Co., Salisbury

Thomas & Howard Co.
Greensboro.

Parker & Clark, High
Point.

Winston Grain Co., Wins-
ton-Salem.

W. A. Myatt, Raleigh,

Geo. A. Rose Co., Hen-
derson.

Thomas & Howard Co.,
Greensboro.

Birmingham & Co., Lum-
berton.

L. H. Caldwell, Lumber-
ton.

Wide-Awake Hay & Grain
Co., Greensboro.

Sept. 18, '13
Mar .30, '14
Mar. 30, '14
Nov. 11, '13
Nov. 13, '13
Apr. 16, '14
Nov. 12, '13
Mar. 30, '14

Apr. 15, '14
May 26, '14
Oct. 16, '13
Nov. 6, '13

53 I

^ bO

si

.3a.

O o

Jan. 20, '14
Sept. 16, '13

Mar. 30, '14
June 18, '14
June 16, '14

Apr.' 17, '14
Mar. 30, '14
Apr. 3, '14
Apr. 3, '14
Mar. 30, '14

75
133

100
100
100
100
100
100

100

100

100

75

100
100

100
100
100

D^

SI .30
1.75
1.85
1.75
1.75
1.90
1.90
1.85

1.90

1.85

100

100
100
100

1.70
1.90

1.75
1.75
1.75

1.95

1.65
1.75
1.80

The Bulletin.

45

NOT CONTAINING MOLASSES

r'i. O

O t.

J Guaranteed.

1 Found

J Guaranteed -

I Found

J Guaranteed-

1 Found

J Guaranteed-

I Found

J Guaranteed-

I Found-

f Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.
I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed -

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed -
I Found

J Guaranteed.

[ \ Found

f Guaranteed.
I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

t Guaranteed-

l Found

J Guaranteed.
I Found

J Guaranteed.
I Found

f Guaranteed

1 Found

J Guaranteed

1 Found

J Guaranteed

\ Found

J Guaranteed

I Found

J Guaranteed
I Found

a

.99

.75

,11

12.24

13.13

12.25

13. 00

13. 021

13. 13[

13.25!

10.00

12.25;

13.74

16. 00;

12.63—3.37

10.00!

10.49

10.00

10.75

10.00
10.00
10.00
10.63
12.00
12.50
10.04i
10.38
13. 00
12.75

15.00
14.00

9.00

8.38

10.00
10.50
16.50
15.63

8.75I
7.50

19.00
18.50

19.00
19.00
14.70
15.63
14.70
16.00
14.70
15.63
12.50
12.38

4J d

a
a

-3.25

1.49

.49
.75

.00
.63
.50
..34

— .25

—1.00

— .62

.50

— .87
—1.25

— .50

3.88
4.07
3.20
3.26
4.00
4.41
3.50
2.50
8.00
8.02
5.00
4.94
3.50
2.98
3.50
4.03

3.50
2.96
3.50
3.38
3.00
4.02
4.03
2.59
3.50
3.21

3.00
3.56
2.00
1.71

3.00
2.23
3.50
3.07
2.75
1.22

3.00
3.35

3.00

.00

3.85

4.00

.93

4.66

4.00

1.30

4.46

4.00

.93

4.58

5.50

.12

5.18

.19
.06
.41
-1.00
.02

- .06

- .52
.53

- .54
.12

1.02
-1.44

- .29

.561

- .29

- .77

- .43
-1.53

P4

£g

.35

.85

.66

.46

.58

— .32

5.46

6.68

3.40

2.06

8.04

3.62

12.50

10.63

14.00

15.01

15.00

11.20

12.00

10.81

12.00

13.45

o
d

a

Ingredients Guaranteed

Wheat bran and screen-
.22 ings, corn bran

[wheat shorts, corn meal
.34 and bran

—i.

— 1.

1.

—3,

1

12.00
12.61
12.00
10.39—1,

8.00

7. 34 — .
10.00

9. 44 — .
11.00

9. 00 —2:

Chemist's Finding

.4.S guaranteed,
do.
do.

42 Wheat and corn products
Corn, alfalfa, wheat
bran

Pure alfalfa and rice
products

Wheat middlings, peanut

meal, corn meal, salt ..
Alfalfa, corn, cottonseed

meal, hominy feed, oats As guaranteed except cot-
Alfalfa, corn, cottonseed i tonseed meal.

meal, hominy feed, oat

feed , do.

As guaranteed, plus oat

clips.
As guaranteed.

do.

.do 'As guaranteed

.do.

5.70

8.07

12.50

12.35

Corn and wheat bran,
66 shorts

Corncob meal and wheat
56 product

Alfalfa, corn, oats, wheat

00 bran, cottonseed meal,

salt

do.
do.
do.

do.

— 2.37 Crushed barley, barley

I hulls.
15 Alfalfa, corn, oat clips As guaranteed.

3.97

—4.25

.70

—2.20

do As guaranteed and weed

Alfalfa, corn, oat clips,
cottonseed meal

—2.

— 1.

— 1.

Corn goods

Dried distiller's grain,
beet pulp, wheat bran
and middlings, C. S.
meal, gluten feed, corn
starch, corn bran.

....do.

Wheat shorts and bran, j
corn and corn offal

..do I

10!... .do ,

Bran, shorts, ground
— 4.53 screenings, corn hearts,]
hominy feed. |

and grass seed.
As guaranteed

do.

do.

do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

46

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF MIXED FEEDS

° e

78

134

209

214

261

250

277

140

151

64

30

145

6522

6503

6512

6585

6518

6546

6517

6535

6548

6566

6564

6565

6567

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Schumacher Special Horse
Feed.

...do-
...do.

Schumacher Stock Feed.. do

The Quaker Oats Co., Chi-
cago, 111.

.do.
.do.

Retailer

Quaker Mule Feed ...do

f
Green Cross Horse Feed..! do

....do .

Ideal Feed

Peerless Crushed Feed _..

Mill Feed

Peerless Feed...

.do.

The West Hill Co., Mt.
Airy.

New Bern Hay, Grain &
Feed Co., New Bern.

The Patterson Co., Greens-
boro.

a (u

.do Mar. 30, '14

Oct. 16, '13

Jan. 10, '14
Mar. 30, '14

S t8

•3 an
0"o

Mixed Corn and Oat

Feed
Mixed Feed

..do

..do

Hog Feed

Mill Feed

Cow Mixture

Hooker's Mule Feed.

Mixed Feed

Feed

Mill Feed

....do

....do

Schumacher Feed

D. P. Reid & Bro., Nor-
folk, Va.

S. D. Scott & Co., Nor-
folk, Va.

Statesville Flour Mill Co.,
Statesville, N. C.

J. Allan Smith & Co.,
Knoxville, Tenn.

W. S. White, Elizabeth
City, N. C.

Douthat-Riddle Co., Dan-
ville, Va.

Bennett Milling Co.,
Bennett, N. C.

Bonlae Milling Co., Bon-
lee, N. C.

Gray R. King, Nashville,
N. C.

Farmers' Union Mill,
Versailles, Ky.

J. C. Harris, Lenoir, N. C .

P. A. Hooker, Kinston,

N. C.
Payne Bros., Kernersville,

N. C.
Lyerly Milling Co., Clsve-

land, N. C.
North State Milling Co.,

Greensboro, N. C.
....do

Eugene Johnson, Little-
ton.
H. L. Bizzell, Goldsboro.

The West Hill Co., Mt.

Airy.
C. G. Morris & Co.,

Washington.'
T. P. Nash, EUzabsth

City.
W. J. Fite, Charlotte

100

100
100

100

$1.65

1.85

Wide-Awake Hay & Grain
Store. Greensboro.

W. S. White & Co., Eliza-
beth City.

Brought in by J. W.
Avent, Gary.

Sent by the manufacturers

...do

Sent by the manufacturer.
J. C. Harris, Lenoir

-do.

Quaker Oats Co., Chicago,
111.

Sent in by D. M. Prince,

Greensboro.
Sent in by North State

Milling Co., Greensboro.
....do

Sent in by P. M. Phillips,
Salisbury.

Apr. 16, '14
Apr. 7, '14
May 13, '14
Jan. 12, '14
Jan. 14, '14
Sept. 25, '13

July 11, '13

I

Jan. 14, '14
Oct. 19, '13
Sept. — , '13
Sept. — , '13
Aug. — , '14
Sept. — , '13
Feb. — , '14
Oct. — , '13
Dec. — , '13
Feb. — , '14
May — , '14
May — , '14
Apr. — , '14
Apr. — , '14

lOOl 1.80

100

1.85

100
100

75

100
100

2.00

1.40

1.85

109
100
100

The Bulletin.
NOT CONTAINING MOLASSES-Continued

47

134

209

214

261

250

277

140

151

64

30

145

f Guaranteed

I Found

( Guaranteed

6512

6518

6546

6517

6535

6548

6566

6564

6566

6567

10.00
9.50
9.25

I Found 9.38

f Guaranteed.

10.00

I Found ' 10.25

J Guaranteed.;

I Found

I Guaranteed.!

I Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

1 Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I. Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed.

1 Found

J Guaranteed.
I Found

Guaranteed.

Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

\ Found

( Guaranteed.

I Found

< Guaranteed.
1 Found

10.00

9.88

10.00

12.75

10.00

10.50

10.00

10.88

10.00

9.75

14.00

13.62

14.00

13.25

9.38

9.50

10.40

11.87

— .50

.13

.25

-.12

2.75

.50

.88

- .25

- .38

- .75
.12

1.47

10.69
10.63

11.69
15.00

16.75

9.00

12.25

13 50
11.00
11.88
11.00
11.38
11.00
11.75

10.38

.38

.75

a
a

4.00
3.60
3.25
3.66

3.20
3.45

3.50
3.00
2.50
2.52
2.50
3.00
4.50
3.80
4.00]
3.78
4.00
4.09
4.00
3.19
4.38
3.32
4.30'

-1.00

— .40

CM

.-sS

.41

.25

— .50

.02

.50

— .70

— .22

.09

— .81

-1.06

J

3.23—1.07

2.65

2.79

2.02
4.22
4.40

4.18

4.03

2.85

3.98

3.42— .56

3.98

3.54|

3.98,

3.20

3.12

.44

.78

8.00
7.60

a

a

.2

.40

8.00
7.14— .86

8.00'
5.85

Ingredients Guaranteed

Ground corn, crushed
oats, C. S. meal, oat
middlings and shorts
and hulls, salt.

....do

Chemist's Finding

9.00
9.74

12.00
12. 16|
12. 50!
13.92|
12.00j
10.31
6.50J
4.76

7.oo;

3.43
7.00|

7.57|

7.oo;

4.57^

3.25'

3.20

10.00

11.28

•2.15 ....do

Ground corn and barley,
wheat flour and midd-
lings, hominy feed, C.
.74 S. meal, ground puffed
rice and wheat, oat
shorts, middlings, hulls.
Corn, oats and hulls,
16 alfalfa, C. S. meal

As guaranteed.
do.
do.

.do.
.do.

1.92.

i
— 1. 69 .

I !

— 1.74 Roll oats, cracked corn..;

do.

do.
do.
do.
do.

Crushed oats and cracked,

3.57, corn | do.

Wheat bran and shorts. As guaranteed, plus

corn bran ' wheat.

Wheat bran and shorts,

corn meal do.

3.16

4.82

2.10
6.27
7.30

3.55

4.09

4.34
6.35
4.43
6.35
4.65
6.35
4.50

6.96

.57
-2.43
- .05

Cracked corn, oats.

Corn cob meal and
1.28 wheat products .As guaranteed.

Corn, oats, wheat.

Ground corn, oats, wheat^As guaranteed.
Wheat flour and wheat
bran do.

-1.92
-1.70
-1.85

Wheat bran, small am't
corn bran and screen'gs.
Corn cob meal,C.S.meal.iAs guaranteed.

Corn, oats, wheat bran.

Bran, shorts, corn, oats.
Wheat bran, shorts and

screenings

Corn bran, wheat bran

and screenings

.-do -

....do

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

Corn bran, corn chops
and meal, oat clips.

48

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF MIXED FEEDS

o a
-B S

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a
o ■*^

i Claimed Weight
1 of Package-Lbs.

Ph

6507
6560

Dixie Horse and Mule •

Feed.
International Dry Horse

and Mule Feed.

....do

Dabney Brokerage Co.,
Newport News, Va.'

International Sugar Feed
No. 2 Co., Memphis,
Tenn.

...-do

Sent in by Roland & Rog-
ers Co., Raleigh

Sent in by Scott-Sparger
Co., Greensboro.

do

Sept. — , '13
Apr. — , '14

Apr. — , '14
Apr. —,'14
Sept. — , '13

July — , '14
Nov. — , '13
Nov. 24, '13
Sept. 16, '13
Feb. — , '14

S-...

6561

6562

....do

Mixed Feed-

....do..

Universal Oil and Fertil-
izer Co., Wilmington,
N. C.

-..do

Sent in by the company. .-

Sent in by Walkerton Rol-
ler Mill, W'alkerton.
Sent in by J. J. Green,

Morrisvill?.
W. S. Ashworth & Son

Widenhouse & Co., Kan-
nap oUs.

Sent in by Reed and Fel-
ton, Hertford.

6502

....do

6581

6521

....do

Austin-Heaton Co., Dur-
ham, N. C.

Mountain City Mill Co.,
Chattanooga, Tenn.

Acme Milling Co., Talbott,
Tenn.

—

Fine Feed or Feed Meal ..
Acme Feed

123
35

75
103

1.60

6550

Pure Corn and Oats

1.80

1

RECAPIT

Guaranteed
and Found

Maximum

1 Guaranteed

I Found

f Guaranteed

I Found

1 Guaranteed

1 Found—

Maximum

Minimum

Average

Guaranteed

Deficient

TotaL

Minimum .

Average ..

Discrepancy

Number analyzed

*0f the guaranteed, not of the total.
Note that "deficient" in the case of fiber means better
See also Note on pages 24 and 28.

The Bulletin,
NOT CONTAINING MOLASSES— Continued

49

6507

6560

i

6561
6562
6502

6581

6521

123;

35

6550

5 °

>.

u

a

03

ti

d"9

0.

«

a

PM

0 ti

1

(3 «

PhPh

Q

f^O

a

03

r Guaranteed.)

I Found - 9.88;

J Guaranteed. 10.00, '

\ Found. 11.63! 1.63

f Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.
I Found

1.00|

11.88^

10. 00'

9.50-

f Guaranteed.

I Found..

f Guaranteed.

15.13

9.88
15.50

.50

3.13
3.00'
3.17

3.00
3.22
■3. 00|
2.97;

2.60

.17

.22

.03

as

a

03

a

Ingredients Guaranteed

\ Found. I 15.00-

( Guaranteed.

\ Found

J Guaranteed .

I Found

f Guaranteed.
I Found.

12.50|
15.38!
12.94J
14.25

9.93

.50

1.31

2.85
4.75
4.71
5.50J
3.73
5.07
4.02

8.27
15.00
14.21

15.00
13.06
15.00
17.43

.79

-1.94

Corn, oats, alfalfa, oat
clips

.do.

Chemist's Finding

As guaranteed.

do.

43.50

.04

-1.77

-1.05

4.52

3.27
6.00
7.46
8.50
4.47
7.39
5.07

4.12

2. 43. ...do .-

Shelled peanuts, peanut
hulls, C. S. meal

1.46 Wheat and corn products
IWheat middlings, screen-

4.03 ings, corn bran

[Wheat middlings, screen-
^2. 32 ings, corn meal, bran

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

ULATION

Protein, Per Cent

19.00

19.00

8.75

7.50

2.88
.11

-3.37
- .12

47 or 79. 6 per cent.
17 or 36 per cent.'
59

Fat, Per Cent

8.00
8.02
2.00
1.22

1.02
.02

—1.77
— .03

Fibre, Per Cent

15.00

18.97

1.75

1.05

3.97 —4.53
.16 — .05

47 or 79. 6 per cent. 47 or 79. 6 per cent.
26 or 55 per cent.' 34 or 72 percent.*

than guarantee.

3— Agri. Dept.

50

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF MIXED FEEDS

^1

Brand Name from
Label

244

246
245

28

218

106
136

113

195

101
52
59
67
65

294
32

275
76

298

242

114

222
257

Sucrene Dairy Feed.

....do.

Sucrene Horse and Mule
Feed.

Sucrene Alfalfa Horse and
Mule Feed.

Molasses Alfcorn Horse
and Mule Feed.

Velvet Molasses Feed

Excelsior Horse and Cat-
tle Feed.

Excelsior

Balfalfa Horse and Mule

Feed.
....do

....do

Mascot Feed

Tuxedo Chops

Old Beck Sweet Feed ...

...do ._

Gem Sweet Feed -.

Reliable Molasses Feed .-.
Reliable Horse Feed

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

American Milling Co.,
Peoria, 111.

-do-
.do_

...do-

Alfcorn Milling Co., East
St. Loxiis, 111.

Cairo Milling Co., Cairo,
111.

Colonial Cereal Co., Nor-
folk, Va.

..do

Dabney Brokerage Co.,
Newport News, Va.
..do..

Retailer

M. J. Best & Sons, Golds-
boro.

B. G. Thompson & Son,
Goldsboro.

M. J. Best & Sons, Golds-
boro.

W. H. Turner, Winston-
Salem.

Wide-Awake Hay & Grain
Co., Greensboro.

M. J. Best & Son, Golds-
boro.

C. B. Hill, New Bern

a

o

O ■*-'
o

Q> ID

-do.

F. D. Barkley & Co.,

Gastonia.
Deans & Moye, Goldsboro

Sho-me Horse and Mule
Feed.

Colonial Brand Horse and
Mule Feed.

Dan Patch.

....do

..do

.do.
.do.

Early & Dani?I Co., Cin-
cinnati, O.

Edgar-Morgan Co., Mem-
phis, Tenn.

....do

.do.

Apr. 7, '14

Apr. 7, '14
Apr. 7, '14

July 10, '13

Mar. 30, '14

Nov. 11, '13
.Tan. 10. '14

Nov. 12, '13

Mar. 26, '14
Nov. 6, '13

4^ n

m I

tS <»

IS M

Go s

100|$1 .65

100

100

1.65

1.70

100

100.

2.00

100

The Patterson Co., Greens- Sept. 22, '13

bore
-...do -.

Farmers' Supply Co.,

Charlotte.
W. J. Fite, Charlotte-

Excello Feed Milling Co.,

St. Louis, Mo.
-.-do

-do.

Rhyme Bros., Charlotte. -

.\sheville Grain & Hay

Co., Asheville.
G. C. Lovell Co., Mt.

Airy.
..--do

Sept. 22, '13:

i
Sept. 25, '13'

Sept. 20, '13

June 11, '

July 18, '13

May 13. '14

Oct. 16, '13

100
100
100
100

1.90

Farmers' Union Agency [June 16, '14
Co., Winston-Salem.

2.00

2.00

1.85

1.75

lOOj 1.90

1001 1.80

14

100 1.80

100 1.85

New Bern Hay, Grain &
Feed Co., New Bern, N.C.

New Bern Hay, Grain &
Feed Co., New Bern.

Apr. 6, '14 100

International Sugar Feed iBurrus & Co., New Bern -.!Nov. 12, '13
No. 2 Co., Memphis,
Tenn.
---do

1.80

100 1.85

-do-

Thomas Howard & Co.,

Greensboro.
Southern Feed & Grocery

Co., Durham.

Mar. 30, '14
Apr. 15, '14

103
100

2.00
1.90

The Bulletin.

51

CONTAINING MOLASSES

5m

244'

246

245

a; g
S o

O c3

f Guaranteed.
I Found

16.50
16.63

J Guaranteed. 16.50

I Found ! 16.50

f Guaranteed.; 9.00
\ Found. 11.00

O h

28

218

106

136

113

f Guaranteed.
I Found

( Guaranteed.
I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

11.00
10.00

9.00
10.00

10.50
10.37
11.00

1 Found.. 9.75

f Guaranteed,

11.00

.13

.00
2.00

-1.00

1.00

- .13
-1.25

<u

PL,

03 <I>

I Found ' 10.00—1.00

195

lOl'l
58' I

soil

67

65
294

32
275

76
298

242

114

222
257

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.
Found.

10.00
10.00
10.00

9.75
10.00

9.75'
10. 00 '
11.00|
12.50,
12.25'

lo.ooj

9.75
10.00
11.88'
13.00
15.00
10.00
10. 75

10. oo!

10.37
10.00
11.13

.00

— .251

— .25

1.00

— .25

— .25

2.00

.751

I

f Guaranteed.: 10.00
I Found i 9.88 —

,f Guaranteed.' 10.00
I Found. I 11.25

f Guaranteed. 10.00

I Found j 9.50

f Guaranteed. 10.00

I Found I 12.13

.37

1.13

-.12

1.25

— .50

2.13

3.50
5.86

3.50

7.28
2.50
3.85

2.50
1.82

2.00
2.34

2.50
2.80
4.00
6.92

4.00
4.97

3.00
2.80
3.00

2.12'
3.00
2.90
4.00'
5.39'
4.00

2.88;

2.50,
2.29
2.50
2.60;
3.00'

a

2.36

3.78
1.35

.34

.•30
2.92

.97

!- .20

!-.88.j
— .10

-1.39

(X,

o a

a

0)

4.00

2.88

—1.12

2.50

2.29

— .21

2.50

2.60

.10

2.30

2.50
2.90

3.00
3.51

3.00
2.32
3.00
2.31

.62

.99

— .70

.40

.51

— .68

— .69

12.00
12.07

12.00

11.84

12.00!

8.13

12.00
11.36

13.50
12.82

12.00
10.27
13.00
16.60

13. 00
15.73

.07

- .16

-3.87

- .64

— .68

—1.33
3.60

2.73

12.00

10.211—1.79

12.00;

Ingredients Guaranteed

C. S. meal, corn gluten,
feed, chopped oats, mo-
lasses.

Chemist's Finding

.do.

Oats, corn screenings,
salt

Alfalfa, cracked corn,
linseed meal, rolled
oats and barley, re-
cleaned grain, molasses

Alfalfa meal, crushed
oats, cracked corn,
molasses.

:As guaranteed.

do.

Corn, oats, alfalfa, midd-
lings, molasses

Cracked corn, alfalfa
meal, wheat middlings,
steamed meat and bone
C. S. meal, molasses.

Corn, oats, alfalfa, mo-
lasses

do.

do.

do.
Corn, alfalfa, oat
clips, molasses.

As guaranteed.

9.61

—2.39

....do :

12.00

10.46

—1.54 ....do.

13.00

Corn, oats, alfalfa, pea-

12.25

— .75

nut bran, molasses

10.00

Alfalfa, corn, oats, brew-

8.12

—1.88

ers' grains, molasses ...;

12.00

■ ■ 1

9.55

—2.45

....do '

12.00

1

11.45

-.55

....do

10.00

Alfalfa, corn, G. S. meal.

10.18

.18

salt, molasses

15.00

Alfalfa, corn, oats, salt.

11.94

-3.06

molasses

15.00

Alfalfa, corn chops, oats.

9.72

—5.28

molasses

15.00

Alfalfa, corn chops, oats.

12.55

—2.45

salt, molasses

C. S. meal, oat hulls, al-

13.00

falfa, cracked corn.

11.31

—1.69

oats, wheat bran, mo-
lasses.

12.50

Alfalfa, cracked corn.

10.78

—1.72

oats, molasses, salt

12.50

10 31

—2.19

....do

12.50

12.55

.05

....do ,

do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

do.
do.

do.
do.

52

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF MIXED FEEDS

° e

38
129
313

53
312

79
111
251
163
169
165

50

27
217
289
232
292
314
'58
219

29

31
128
127
223

274

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

..do.

Dan Patch Special Horse

Feed.
Horse and Mule Feed

Jewel Feed-

-...do

Molasco

..-.do

....do

Nutrilene Steam Cooked

Feed.
....do

...-do.

Nutrilene Stock Feed

Cream Alfalfa Dairy Feed

..do
..do

Perfection Horse Feed I do

Peerless Horse Feed ! do

Green Meadow Dairy

Feed.
Dairy Molasses Feed..

.do
.do

Retailer

o

o -^^

c »

o3 o

City Feed Co., Hickory

Burrus & Parker, Inc.,
New Bern.

do iParker & Clark, High

Point,
.do-

Southern Feed & Grocery
[ Co., Durham.
do 'Parker & Clark, High

j Point.
National Oats Co., St. The West Hill Co., Mt.

Louis, Mo.
--do

-do-

Nutriline Milling Co.,

Crowley, La.
..-do-—

Airy.
T. P. Asheford, New Bern.

Southern I'eed & Grocery

Co., Durham.
R. A. Allen, Reidsville

W. A. Myatt, Raleigh-
R. A. Allen, Reidsville-

Omaha Alfalfa Milling Co., Elmore Maxwell Co.,
Omaha, Neb. Greensboro.

W. H. Turner, Winston-
Salem.

Peerless Alf almo Horse F'd

Peerless Alfalfa Horse

Feed.
Katl-Eat-Dairy Feed

-do-

.---do - -

Crown Horse Feed.

Omaha Alfalfa Milling Co.,

Omaha, Neb.
G. E. Patterson & Co.,

Memphis, Tenn.
---do-

-do.

Arab Horse Feed IM. C Peters Mill Co.,

Omaha, Neb.
.do.

June Pasture Feed...
Good Molasses Feed.

Purina Feed with Mo-
lasses.

.do.
-do-

Purina-Ralston Co., St.
Louis, Mo.

-..-do -

Elmore Maxwell Co.,

Greensboro.
Charlotte Brokerage Co.,

Charlotte.
Elmore Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.
Charlotte Brokerage Co.,

Charlotte.
Parker and Clark, High

Point.
Phillips & Penny, Raleigh

American Commission Co.

Greensboro.
V\ ide-Awake Hay & Grain

Co., Greensboro.
Asheville Grain & Hay Co..

Asheville.
-..do

Sept. 18
Jan. 10
Jan. 18
Sept. 10
June 18
Oct. 16
Nov. 12,
Apr. 15
Mar. 17,

.do.

Elmore-Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

G. C. Lovell Co., Mt.
Airy.

Jan. 20
Sept. 9
July 10
Mar. 31
June 10
Mar. 31
June 10
June 18
Sept. 10
Mar .30
July 11
July 18,
Nov. 24,
Nov. 24,
Mar. 31

May 13

-^i CO {

.So.,

Oo] (u

'14
'13
'13
'14
'14
'14
'14
'14
'13
'14
'13
'13
'13
'13
'14

'14

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100

100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100

$1.85
1.85
1.90
1.65
1.75
1.75
1.60
1.90
1.75

1.80
1.75

2.00

2.00
1.80
1.90
1.85
1.90
1.70

1.90

2.00

1.90

The Bulletin,
CONTAINING MOLASSES— Continued

53

38

129

313

53

312

79

111

251

163

169

165

50

27

217

289

232

292

314

56

219

29

31

128

127

9 °

O c3

j Guaranteed.

1 Found

I Guaranteed.

1 Found

I Guaranteed.

1 Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

1 Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found I

J Guaranteed.

1 Found .J

[ Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed.

I Found '

f Guaranteed.'

1 Found J

I Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed-

l Found

J Guaranteed.

1 Found

f Guaranteed.

\ Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

1 Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed.

1 Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.

I Found

( Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed

I Found

j Guaranteed
I Found

O h

a

10.00

10.00:

10. ooj
9.25
12.50
13.13
9.00
8.12
8.00
9.63

10. oo!

8.43
10.00
10.00
10.00
11.00
10.00

9.13
10. 00
10. 13J

10. go'

8.25|

11. oo'

11.37
11.00
14.75
11.00

ii.ssl

10.00

11.88

10. oo|

12.38!

.00

- .75
.63

- .88
1.63

-1.57

.00

1.00

-.8,1

.13

-1.75

.37

3.75

223

'{

Guaranteed.
Found

274

Guaranteed.
Found

10.00
10.38|
10. 00
9.75
15.00
14. 37j
15.00
15.38|
9.00
9.13
10. 00
11.63
10.00
10.63
10.00
14.50
.9.00
10.63

9.30
10.13

2.38
.38

- .25

- .63
.38
.13

1.63

.63

4.50

1.63

.83

(D

4i a

a

03
Q.
<1>

4.00
4.07|
3.00
2.50
3.50'
2.86'
2. 00[
1.16'
2. ooj
1.68
3.251
1.93
3.25J
2.62'
3.25J
2.14
3.50|
4.90;
3.50
6.15
3.50
5.22'
2. 25'

.83
1.00

.89'
2.00
1.10
2.00
2.80
2.00
2.56
2.00
1.92
2.00
1.82
3.00
2.19
3.00
3.12
2.00
2.44
2.00
2.21
2.00
2.19

.50

.87
1.50
2.16

1.70

2.47

.07

- .50

- .64

- .84

- .32
-1.32

- .63
-1.11

1.40

2.65

1.72

-1.42

- .11

- .90
.80
.56

- .08

- .18

- .81
.12
.44
.21
.19
.37
.66

.77

o

a

03

2.

— 1.

— 1

12.50

9.91
12.50
10.97
12.00
10.37
12.50

9.05
12.50
11.95
12. ooj
11.50 —
12.00

9.77—2
12.00:
14.14 2
12. ooj

6. 75—5
12.00

7.83
12.00

8. 82 1—3,
15.00

6.31
25.00
16.60
15.00
12.75
12.00
12.62^
12.00
13.17
12.00
13.42
12.00
11.51
12.00

8.89—3
12.00
13.51J 1.
12.00

8.031—3.
15.00'

8.30—6.
15. ooj
10.50—4.
26.00,
16. 69—9.
12.00

7.69-4.

11.70]
9.44—2,

Ingredients Guaranteed

AlfaKa, cracked corn,
oats, molasses, salt.

.do.

59

53

63

45

55

50
1
23 ....do

Chemist's Finding

Alfalfa, corn, C. S. meal,

molasses, salt...

Alfalfa, cracked corn, C.

S. meal, molasses, salt-
Alfalfa, corn, oats, oat

clips, molasses, salt

Alfalfa, corn, oat feed,

C. S. meal, molasses...

14'. ...do

'Alfalfa, corn, rice bran
25 C. S. meal, molasses...

^.17. ...do.

As guaranteed
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

18' do lAs guaranteed, except C.

'Alfalfa, meal, corn, mo- I S. meal.

8. 69 lasses.

40 Alfalfa, meal, molasses..

Alfalfa, cracked corn,
25 oats, molasses

Alfalfa, corn, oats, mo-
62( lasses

...do.
...do-

.do.

17

42

49

Alfalfa, corn, C. S. meal
11 rice straw, molasses

51'. ...do

Alfalfa, corn, oats, mo-
lasses

.do.
.do.

31 Alfalfa, molasses

Alfalfa, corn, oats,

31 ground screenings, salt,
molasses.
Alfalfa, corn, oats, salt,

26 molasses

do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

do.
do.

54

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF MIXED FEEDS

OS ®

s a

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

311

241
205
103
295

130

315

160
148
110
225
234
305
6540

6541
6537
6534

6579
6580
6545

Big Mule Molasses Feed -.

Green Cross Horse Feed..
....do—

The Quaker Oats Co.,
Chicago, 111.

Retailer

a
o

o

TO O

SftJ
I J'

O o

(^

\V. H. Turner, Winston- June 16, '14 100 $1 .90
Salem.

Green Cross Molasses

Mixed Feed.
Mogul Molasses Mixed

Feed.

....do

Quaker Molasses Dairy
Feed.

.do L. H. Caldwell, Lumber-
ton,
.do The Patterson Co.,

I Greensboro,
.do. IH. L. Bizzell, Goldsboro.

-do.

Purina Molasses Feed

....do

XX Good Molasses Feed..

Krak-a-Jak Horse Feed ..

Molasses Horse and Mule

Feed.
Mixed Feed (lot D)

Mixed Feed (lot 6)...
Sucrene Dairy Feed.
•Peanut Hull Feed..

tX-tra Vim

Sphagnum Moss.
tCXX Feed

..do.

.do.

.do.

.do-

Ralston-Purina Co., St.

Louis, Mo.
...-do

.do.

Adams Grain & Produce
Co., Charlotte.

T. P. Asheford, New Bern.

Parker & Clark, High
Point.

Apr. 3
Mar. 30,
Nov. 6
June 11

Jan. 10

June 18

Jan.

The Superior Feed Co.,
Memphis, Tenn.

J. H. Wilkes & Co., Nash-
ville, Tenn.

Applewhite & Rowan,
W'ilmington, N. C.

....do

Spray Mercantile Co.,

Spray.
W. S. White & Co., Eliza- ;Jan.

beth City. i

Ray Dawson, Kinston 'Nov.

[Southern Feed & Grocery Apr.

Co., Durham.
Wide-Awake Hay & Grain jMay

Co., Greensboro. 1

Winston Grain Co., Wins- iJune

ton-Salem.
Applewhite & Rowan,

Wilmington.

....do

J. W. Robinson, Newton.

Dabney Brokerage Co., Sent in by the manufac-
Newport News, Va. turer.

X-tra Vim Feed Co., Bos- , do.

ton, Mass.
....do |....do.

Postum Cereal Co., Bat-
tle Creek, Mich.

June 16,

•14

Dec. — ,

•13

Dec. — ,

•13

Dec. — .

•13

Dec. — ,

•13

June — ,

•14

June — ,

•14

Feb. — ,

•14

•14
'14
•13
'14

•14

•14

•14

'14
•13
•14

100
100
100
100

100

100

100
100
100
100

•14l 100

100

2.25
1.75
1.90
1.85

1.75

1.75

1.85
1.90
1.80
1.80

*6534 Proposed but not on the North Carolina market.

t6580 Proposed but not licensed on the North Carolina market.

The Bulletin,

55

CONTAINING MOLASSES— Continued

=3 S

° s

311

<D a
q o

O 3

f Guaranteed.
I Found--

24i;
205'

103
295'

130

315

160

I
I

110
252!
234
305
6540

654 li

I

6537
6534

6579
6580
6545

f Guaranteed -

I Found

J Guaranteed.

\ Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

j Guaranteed-
l Found

f Gruaranteed.
1 Found

f Guaranteed.
I Found

f Guaranteed

I Found

f Guaranteed

\ Found

f Guaranteed

I Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed

I Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed-
l Found

>.

0

a

4J

ig

^

cJ S

a

0

•So

0 t,

£

0

m

^1

4^ d

u (U

PLlPL,

w

feO

a

d

ft

10.00 3.00

11.50 1.50 3.17

1.63

1.50

10.00
11.63
10.00
11.50

10.00,

9.75J— .25;

10.00
11.50 1.501

2.00:

— . 621

10.00
12.00

16.00
15.38

16.00
16.63

9.00
10.63

9.00
10.75

9.00
10.25
10.00

9.001—1.00

10. 00'

.63

1.63

1. 75

.75

9.63

.37

11.87

j Guaranteed-'

I Found ^ 10.25

f Guaranteed-!

I Found j 17.25

f Guaranteed- 12.00
1 Found __' 11.63'—

.37

J Guaranteed.! 4.61

I Found I 7.13 2.52

f Guaranteed-

(Found ! 5.38

J Guaranteed- 15.00

I Found- -I 17.811 2.8ll

2.50
2.73
2.50
1.68
2.50
2.50
3.00
2.34

3.00
2.75

4.00
4.69

4.00
5.65|
1.50j
2.65i
1.50
2.49J
1.50|
2.161
2.50
2.36
2.10
2.45

PL,

o IS
feO

d
ft

Ingredients Guaranteed

.17

.23

— .82
.00

— .66

— .25

.69

1.65
1.15

.99

I .661

.14

.35

15.00
11.83—3.

Chemist's Findiii"

12.00
12.95
12.00
11.25
10.50
8.87
10.00
12.80

15.00
13.40—1

Alfalfa, cracked corn,
crushed oats, oat
17, middlings and hulls,
grain screenings, mo-
lasses.

Alfalfa, corn, oats, 0. S.
meal, molasses

14.50
10.52

.95
.75
.63
.80

.60

—3.98

.do.

Alfalfa, corn, oats, oat-
meal, molasses.

Alfalfa, corn, oats and
hulls, C. S. meal, mo-

-do-

—3.

2.66

4.56
3.00
2.75

.81
.80

14.50
11.15
12. 00;
12.00 .
12.00'
10.41—1.
13. 00|

8.70,-^.
15.00
10. 60—4.
12.00]

9. 62 —2.

11.87

11.30

5.22
20.00
— .251 14.96

Malt sprouts, 0. S. meal,
ground grain, screen-
ings, clipped out by-
product, molasses.

..--do

Alfalfa, cracked corn,
oats, molasses

Alfalfa, corn, oats, and
oat feed, molasses

Alfalfa, corn, oats, mo-
lasses

-do-

.do.

As guaranteed,
do.
do.
do.

do.
do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

Alfalfa, cracked corn,
crushed oats, oatThuUs,
molasses,
do.

3.34
2.00
3.33

— .01:

1.33

4.50
8.65

—5.04

4.15

20.60
24.00
13.00

Ground peanut hulls, C.
S. meal, corn meal, mo-
lasses.

Molasses and sphagnum
moss (or peat)

[Sphagnum moss

Wheat bran and mo-
-11.00 lasses

As guaranteed.

do.

do.

do.

i)()

Tile Bulletin.

RECAPIT

Guaranteed
and Found

Maximum ' I Guaranteed

Minimum.

Average.

Discrepancy

Number analyzed.

Found.
Guaranteed.
Found.

Maximum...

Minimum...

Average

Guaranteed.

] Deficient

[Total...

*Per cent of the guaranteed, not of total analyzed.
Note: "Deficient" here means below guarantee,
See also Note on pages 24 and 28.

and,

The Bulletin.

57

ULATION

Protein, Per Cent Fat, Per Cent

16.50

17.81

8.00

8.12

4.50
.13

-1.75
- .25

Fibre, Per Cent

26.00

16.60

10.00

5.22

3.60
.05

-11.00
- .16

63 or 91 per cent. 63 or 91 per cent.
21 or 33 per cent.* 29 or 46 per cent.*
69 69

63 or 91 per cent.
50 or 79 per cent *
69

in the case of fiber, means also better than guarantee.

58

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a

J3.0
£0

li

0

a =3

.1

ji

w 0

0"o
100

£

213

Cluck-Cluck Scratch Feed

American Milling Co.,

The Patterson Co., Greens-

Mar. 30, '14

52.00

Peoria, 111.

boro.

248

Prize Poultry Feed

Cairo Milling Co., Cairo,
111.

B. G. Thompson & Son,
Goldsboro.

Apr. 7, '14

100

2.25

238

Chamber Pure Hen Feed.

W. F. Chamberlain Feed
Co., St. Louis, Mo.

Brougham & Co., Inc.,
Lumberton.

Apr. 3, '14

100

2.20

204

Corno Chick Feed

The Corno Mills Co., East
St. Louis, Mo.

The Patterson Co., Greens-
boro.

Mar. 30, '14

100

2.30

220
6559

Corno Hen Feed

do .

....do ^

Mar. 30, '14
Maft 30, '14

100

2.25

RpH Comb Chio.k Feed ___

Cochrane-McLaughHn Co.,

Sent in by the company

Charlotte, N. C.

•

296 Pine Tree Scratch Feed...

Albert Dickenson Co.,

Adams Grain & Produce

June 11, '14

100

2.25

Chicago, 111.

Co., Charlotte.

302

Amco Chick Feed

Davis, Robinson Co.,

Farmers' Union Agency

June 16, '14

100

2.50

Roanoke, Va.

Co., Winston-Salem.

187

Manna Rice Special Chick
Feed.

Edgar-Morgan Co., Mem-
phis, Tenn.

W. M. Neel & Co., Moores-
ville.

Mar. 25, '14

100

2.40

198

Manna Hen Feed

....do

...do

Mar. 25, '14
May — , '14

100

2.35

6570

Chick Grow

Hen-Cackle Poultry &

Sent in by the company...

Supply Co., Raleigh,

N. C.

280

Hen-o-la Dry Mash

Hen-e-ta Bone Co., Flem-
ington, W. Va.

Blair & Co., North Wilkes-,
boro.

May 25, '14

100

3.00

279

Hen-e-ta

....do

....do .

May 25, '14

3.50

40

International Povdtry
^Feed.

International Sugar Feed
No. 2 Co., Memphis,
Tenn.

City Feed Co., Hickory....

Sept. 18, '13

100

2.10

194

Little Jo Scratch Feed

Just Mills Branch of Rals-
ton Purina Co., Nash-
ville, Tenn.

Harris & McNeely, Moores-
viUe.

Mar. 25, '14

100

2.40

221

do...

Just Milling Co., Nash-
ville, Tenn.

Wide-Awake Hay & Grain
Co., Greensboro.

Mar. 30. '14

100

2.00

^Tjk C4rA * XJ\/ f A ^

210

Nutro Hen Feed

National Oats Co . St

The Patterson Co Greens-

Mar 30 '14

100

2.20

Louis, Mo.

boro.

X*Jk C4X * \J\J f A^

291

Eg-Mo. Scratch Feed

G. E. Patterson & Co.,
Memphis, Tenn.

Charlotte Brokerage Co.,

Charlotte.

June 10, '14

100

2.25

306 Purina Chicken Chowder.

Purina Mills, St. Louis, Mo

.Winston Grain Co., Wins-

June 16, '14

100

2.35

-a

ton-Salem.

224

Red Ribbon Scratch Feed.

Park & Pollard Co., Bos-

The Patterson Co., Greens-

Mar. 30, '14

100

2.10

ton, Mass.

boro.

200JBig Egg Scratch Feed ....

Quaker Oats Co., Chicago,

F. D. Barkley & Co., Gas-

Mar. 26, '14

100

2.25

111.

tonia.

The Bulletin.

59

POULTRY FEEDS

s a
h42;

O 03

•So

O n

d

c3
P,

c3

a

Ingredients Guaranteed

Chemist'sFinding

213

248;
238!
2041
220;
6559!

I

296

302
187
198

6570
280

279

40

194

221
210i

291
306

t

224

200'

f Guaranteed
: Found I

■ Guaranteed-,
, Found t

■ Guaranteed.

, Found

' Guaranteed -
. Found

■ Guaranteed.
, Found

■ Guaranteed-
, Found

Guaranteed-
, Found

10.00
12.25
10.00
10.50
10.00
11.38
10.75
10.50
10.00
11.75

11.25
10.00
10.63

2.25

.50

1.38

.25

1.75

.63

I Guaranteed. 10.00

I Found ! 11.50 1.50

f Guaranteed.! 11.00

I Found I 12.88 1.88

f Guaranteed. 10.00

I Found 9.75I— , .25

I Guaranteed.
I Found

17.13

f Guaranteed.! 12.00
\ Found- : 12.00

I Guaranteed.}
I Found

.00
.00

! Guaranteed- 10 .00

1 Found I 12.00

f Guaranteed. 9 .00

1 Found 10.25

f Guaranteed- 9.00

1 Found ! 11.13

f Guaranteed.' 10.00

1 Found 10.88

I Guaranteed.

\ Found-

f Guaranteed.
I Found-

.00

2.00

1.25

2.13

2.00

fGt

iFo

Guaranteed.

bund

f Guaranteed.
1 Found

10.00
12.00|
17.00!
17 .00 .00

10.00
10.75
10.00
11.75

.75
1.75

3.00
3.31
3.50
4.22
3.50
3.98
2.75
2.89
3.50
4.15

3.23
2.50
3.41

2.50
2.71
2.50
2.24
3.50
3.35

.31

.72'

.48

.14

.65

.91

.21

.26

— .15

4.24

3.00
3.00

.00
.00

3.50
1.99

3.00
3.68

3.00
4.63
3.50
3.51

.00

-1.51

.68

1.63

.01

2.50J
2.57J
3.00
4.89 1

3.50
2.95
2.50
4.31

07

89

— .55

1.81

5.00
2.57
6.00
3.26
6.00
4.61
3.00
2.42
5.00
2.73

2.30
5.00
3.28

5.00
1.80
4.00
2.75
5.00
5.00

5.50

4.00
3.52

.00
.00

5.00
3.18

4.00
2.42

—2.43
—2.74
—1.39
— .58
—2.27

—1.72

—3.20

—1.25

.00

— .48

—1.82

-1.58

3.13

- .87

5.00

2.85

—2.15

3.00

2.91

— .09

9.00

6.62

-2.38

5.00

2.77

—2.23

5.00

3.75

—1.25

Cracked corn, Kaffir corn,
wheat, buckwheat

Cracked corn, oats,
wheat, sunflower seed-.

Barley, Kaffir corn, oats,
wheat, sunflower seed--

Kaffir, wheat, millet,
sunflower seed

Kaffir corn, wheat, sun-
flower seed

Cracked corn, Kaffir
corn, wheat

Cracked corn, oats, bar-
ley, rye, wheat, sun-
flower seed.

Cracked corn, oats, milo
maize, millet seed, grit-
Wheat, rice, Kaffir corn--

Wheat, corn, Kaffir corn,
barley, oats

Wheat bran, white midd-
lings, corn meal, ground
oats, alfalfa, bone and
meat meal, oyster
shells, charcoal, salt.

Corn meal, gluten, midd-
lings, bran, oat meal,
and Hen-e-ta.

A mixture of phosphate
rock, silica and soda-
ash fluxed at high tem-
perature; 30% of trlcal-
cium phosphate.

Corn, oats, wheat, Kaffir
corn, sunflower seed .

Wheat, cracked corn,
screenings, oats, Kaffir
corn, sunflower seed,
grit.

Wheat.cracked kaffir corn
oat3,sunflower seed, grit'

Wheat, Kaffir corn, wild
buckwheat, sunflower
seed.

Corn, oats, rye, wheat

Wheat middlings, and
bran meal, granulated
meat, alfalfa.

Cracked corn, wheat, bar-
ley, sunflower seed.

Wheat, cracked corn,
barley, oats, sunflower
seed.

As guaranteed,
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

do. •
do.
do.
do.

do.

do.

Found: 30% of tri-cal-

cium phosphate.
As guaranteed

do.

do,

do.
do.

do.
do.

do.

60

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF

5^

1-5 ;s

230

259

310
6553

39

6530

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Chicken Feed.

Superior Laying Feed-
Turners Chick Feed...
Sims' Dry Mash

iRalston-Purina Co., St.
I Louis, Mo.

Superior Feed Co., Mem-
phis, Tenn.

Scratch Food

Steinmesch Mixed Feed..

Retailer

Elmore-Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

Littleton Feed & Grocery
Co., Littleton.

W. H. Turner, Winston- Sent in by the manufac-

Salem, N. C. j turer.
J. F. Sims, Asheville, N. C; do

J. H. Walker & Co., Nash-.! City Feed Co., Hickory...
ville, Tenn.

Steinmesch Feed Co., St.
Louis, Mo.

a
o

o -^
o

Qo

4^ tn

5=3

O o

Mar. 31, '14 100|$2.30

Apr. 16, '14 100 2.35

June 16, '14 100
Apr. — , '14

Sant in by the manufac-
turer.

Sept. 18, '13
:Dec. —,'13

100

2.50

2.40

Maximum.

Minimum.

Average.

Discrepancy.

Number analyzed.

RECAPIT

Guaranteed
and Found

J Guaranteed.

I Found

J Guaranteed -

I Found..

J Guaranteed.
\ Found

Maximum...

Minimum...

Average

Guaranteed.

I Deficient

[Total -.

*Per cent of the guaranteed, not of total analyzed.
Note: "Deficient" means below guarantee and also.
See also Note on pages 24 and 28.

The Bulletin.

61

POULTRY FEEDS-Continued

° s

S

230

259

310

6553

39

6530

Guaranteed-
, Found

Guaranteed.
, Found

' Guaranteed

. Found

Guaranteed
, Found

f Guaranteed
I Found

I Guaranteed
I Found

>.

o

c!

-4-3

.2^

0.

o <-

m

Q

11.00

11.88

.88

10.00

10.88

.88

10.00

10.63

.63

19.57

19 .63

.06

10.00

9.25

— .75

10.00

10.87

- .87

a
p.

01

3.00
3.50

3.25
2.66

3.50
2.82
5.00
5.33

3.48
3.51

3.50
3.19

.50

.59

.68
.33

.03

.31

(2

4.00

2.43

4.50

3.65

a
o,

Ingredients Guaranteed

4.00
2.01
6.00
5.26

—1.57

— .85

-1.9S
- .74

8.46
2.25|— 6.21

6.00J

3 .97—2 .03

Wheat, cracked corn,
barley, milo maize,
millet.

Wheat, cracked corn,
Kaffir corn, milo maize
sunflower seed.

Wheat, cracked corn,
Kaffir corn, shells

Alfalfa meal, meat scrap
blood meal, bone meal,
oat meal, corn meal,
gluten meal. Diamond
Hog Meal, flaxseed
meal, wheat bran.

Sunflower seed, oats,
corn, wheat, Kaffir
corn.

Oats, corn, sunflower
wheat screenings,
wheat, Kaffir corn, bar-
ley.

Chemist's Finding

As guaranteed

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

ULATION

Protein,

Per Cent

Fat, Per Cent

Fibre,

Per Cent

19.57

19.63

9.00

9.25

— .87

— .25

5.00
5.33
2.50
1.99

—1.51
— .15

9.00
6.62
3.00
1.80

2.25

1.89
.01

. —6.21

.06

— .09

24 or 92 per cent.
4 or 16. 6 per cent.*
26

24

7

26

or 92
or 29

per cent,
per cent.*

24 or 92
23 or 96
26

per cent,
per cent.*

in case of fiber, means better than guarantee.

62

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF COTTON SEED MEAL

121
115

104
6538
6539
6582
6585
6584
74
6578

255

Brand Name from
Label

Cotton Seed Meal.
....do

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

L. M. Savage, Greenville ..

03 O

Nov. 11. '13

182
152
172
181
173

..do

.-do

..do

....do

...do

...do

...do ___.

Cotton Seed Feed Meal...
Cyclone Cotton Seed Feed

Durham Brand Cotton

Seed Feed.
Cremo Brand Cotton Seed

Feed.
....do

....do .._.

6552
6532

Farmville Oil & Fertilizer

Co., Farmville, N. C.
New Bern Cotton Oil &

Fertilizer Co., New Bern,

N. C. j

Southern Cotton Oil Co., iH. L. Bizzell, Goldsboro

Goldsboro, N. C.
Farmers Cotton Oil Co., Brought in by R. S. Curtis,; Dec. — ,'13

Burrus & Co., New Bern ...Nov. 12, '13

Nov. 6, '13

Wilson, N. C.
...do

Raloigh.
...do

.iDec. — , '13

Sent in by G. E. Bobinett, I July 1, '14

Rural Hall. [

Sent in by O. D. McNeel, July 23, '14

Mt. Gilead. \

Sent in by J. N. Paine, July 23, '141

States ville.

MX!

S J,

lOO'Sl .75

100

1.70

South Carolina Cotton Oil Sent in by S. M. Garven,

Co., Greenville, S. C. Biltmore.

American Cotton Seed Hull Southern Feed & Grocery

& Fiber Co., Memphis, Co., Durham.

Tenn.
Florida Cotton Oil Co., jF. D. Forrester & Co.,

Jacksonville, Fla. i Wilkesboro.

Tennessee Fiber Co., Mem
phis, Tenn.
..do

A. T. Rothrock, Walnut

Cove.
A. A. Maynard & Johnson,
I Kerr.
do_ ._ JGrimes Bro., Lexington..

Sico Cold Pressed Feed

Meal.
6505 Cotton Seed Feed.

.do.

Sea Island Cotton Oil Co.,
Charleston, S. C.

Cotton Seed and Hulls _..

Hardison Co., Wadesboro..

F. D. Barkley & Co., Gas-

tonia.
C. I. Robinson, Clear Run.

:W. J. Blalock, Norwood...

9

June — , '14
Apr. 15, '14

Mar. 18, '14

Jan. 20, '14

Feb. 10, '14

Mar. 13, '14

Feb. 12, '14

Sept. — , '13

Mar. — , '14

Dec. — , '13

100

100
100
100
100
100

1.50

1.55
1.60

The Bulletin.

63

AND COTTON SEED FEED

Guaranteed
and Found

Protein,
Per Cent

a
S

Pk

d

03
0,

i

s

1

Ingredients Guaranteed

Chemist's Finding

f Guaranteed-
j 1 Found

38.56

-

37.51

—1.07

7.02

11.27

If Guaranteed-
l Found

38.56

39.12

.56

9.25

8.42

,„ ' f Guaranteed-
104 < _ ,

I Found

38.56

36.31

—2.25

8.54

10.70

6538 1 G^^^^'^t^'^d.
I Found

39.87

8.60

9.22

/ Guaranteed.

I Found .-

32.95

7.71

13.00

6582

f Guaranteed.
, Found.

31.88

7.35

11.40

6585

' Guaranteed.
, Found

35.30

4.76

11.67

6584

■ Guaranteed.
Found

38.56

34.62

—3.94

9.49

9.95

74

Guaranteed.
Found

37.62

6.65

10 .95

6578

Guaranteed -
Found.

36.00

5.00

12.00

,

37.19

1.19

8.25

3.25

7.78

^.22

255

Guaranteed.

20.00

3.00

23.00

C. S. meal, C. S. hulls.

1 Found

20 .63

.63

3.76

.76

21.21—1.79

bran..

182

Guaranteed.
Found

25.00

6.00

20.00

24.25

— .75

7.56

1.56

15.88

-^.12

C. S. meal, C. S. hulls...

150

' Guaranteed.
. Found

Guaranteed.

Found

20.00

5.00

22.00

C. S. meal, C. S. hulls,

22.88
20.00
23.13

2.88
3.13

4.41
5.00
4.42

— .59

— .58

20 .50 —1 .50

22.00

20.15—1.85

bran . .

172

181

■ Guaranteed-
, Found

20.00
24.50

4.50

5.00
4.75

— .25

22.00
18.05

—3.95

173

Guaranteed.
Found

25.00
27.76

2.76

6.00
6.65

.65

20.00
15.27

—4.73

6505

Guaranteed.
Found

35.63

7.00

9.98

6552

Guaranteed.
, Found.

18.75

3.83

23.13

6532

f Guaranteed.
I Found-.

16.87

3.45

24.80

64

The Bulletin.

RECAPIT

Guaranteed
and Found

Maximum

( Guaranteed

I Found

/ Guaranteed

I Found..

Minimum __

Average..

f Guaranteed.

I Found

Maximum

Minimum

Average

Guaranteed

Deficient

Total

Discrepancy

Number analyzed .

*Per cent of the guaranteed, not of the total analyzed.
Note: "Deficient" means below guarantee and, in the
See also Note on pages 24 and 28.

The Bulletin.

65

ULATION

11 or 58 per cent.
4 or 36
19

per cent.*

7 or 37

per cent

3 or 43

per cent

19

7 or 37 per cent.
7 or 100 per cent.*

19

case of fiber, means also better than guarantee.

66

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF CORN, CRACIvED

O 3

6574
290
143
144
140
132

133

131

6544
6554

6513

6558

6504

6575

Brand Name from
Label

Whole Corn...
Cracked Corn.

...do

...do

...do

...do.

Corn Chops.

Corn Bran and Cracked
Corn.

Cracked Corn

Pure Corn Chops.

Pure Corn Hominy or

Chops.
Corn Chops

Hominy or Chops.
Corn Bran

Manufactiirer or
Wholesaler

North State Milling Co.,
Greensboro, N. C.

City Hay & Grain Co.,
Norfolk, Va.

Jonathan Haven, Wash-
ington. N. C.

D. P. Rcid & Bro., Nor-
folk, Va.

W. S. White & Co., Eliza-
beth City, N. C.

New Bern Hay, Grain &
Feed Co., New Bern,
N. C.

-...do.

.do.

.do.

Jno. L. Ratcliff, Pantego.

N. C.
....do

Retailer

North State Milling Co., May — , '14

Greensboro
Charlotf Brokerage Co., ;June 10, '14

Charlotte.
E. Peterson Co., Washing- Jan. 12, '14

ton.
J. A. Woodard-Holmes Co.; June 14, '14

Edenton.
W. S. White & Co., Eliza- June 14, '14

beth City.
New Bern Hay, Grain & 'Jan. 10, '14

Feed Co., New Bern.

.«:,

cri

-C J3 1

b(,

^

.^

01

rt

H

rt

C3

3h

o

■S

.do.
.do.
.do^

Jno. L. RatclifT, Pantego.
....do_

Jan. 10, '14

Jan. 10, '14

Feb. —,'14
Oct. — , '13

Sept. — , '13

J. D. Anderson, Tobacco-
ville, N. C.

North State Milling Co.,
Greensboro, N. C.

J. D. Anderson, Tobacco- IMar. — , '14

villo.
Belhaven Grain & Com-

^lis^ion Co., Belhaven.
North State Milling Co.,

Greensboro.

I

Aug. —,'13!
May —,'14

75 1.40
1.80

100

100

RECAPIT

Maximum.

Minimum.

Average.

Discrepancy.

Number analyzed.

Guaranteed
and Found

I Guaranteed.

\ Found ...

j Guaranteed.

1 Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

I Maximum...
Minimum...

Average

Guaranteed.

Deficient

Total.

•Per cent of the guaranteed, not of the total analyzed
Note: "Deficient" means here below guarantee and
See also Note on pages 24 and 28.

The Bulletin,
CORN, CORN CHOPS. CORN BRAN

67

^1

S °

6574

290

143

144

149

132

133 I

131
6544
6554 I
6513 I
6558
6504
6575

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed
Found......

Guaranteed
Found

.2 «

O >-

u to

9.38
8.00
8.75
8.00
8.50
8.00
7.38
8.75
8.00

9.50
9.37

8.62
9.75

8.98
8.63

8.70
8.00
8.31

d
a

a>

S

.2
P

.75
.50
.62
.75

3.61
3.00
3.26
3.00
2.46
4.00
2.99
4.53
3.84

1.65
7.20
2.82
4.54
4.30
4.11
4.54
4.61
2.96

d

— 1

.-aS

1.85
5.00
1.64
3.00
1.58
6.00
2.06
1.99
1.95

d

<o
o
.3
Q

3.63

2.00

9.28

1.42

1.85

1.81

2.07

1.91

-3.34
-1.42
-3.94
- .04

7.86

Ingredients Guaranteed

Cracked corn

....do

...-do

....do

Corn bran and cracked
corn

Made out of pure corn.
Pure corn hominy

Made out of pure corn...

Chemist's Finding

Whole corn.
Cracked corn.

do.

do.

do.

ULATION

Protein, Per Cent

Fat, Per Cent

Fibre, Per Cent

8.75
9.75
8.00
7.38

4.53
7.20
3.00
1.65

6.00
9.28
1.99
1.42

.75 — . 75

.26 —1.01
— .54

—3.94

.50 — .62

— .04

4 or 28. 6 per cent.
2 or 50 per cent.*
14 '

4 or 28. 6 per cent.
3 or 75 per cent.*
14

4 or 28. 6 per cent.
4 or 100 per cent.*
14

in the case of fiber, means also better than guarantee.

68

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF BUFFALO

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a

13

.4^ m

J1J2
btj
53 1

P M

^—t ^
^^

Eo3

Oo

100
100
100
100
100
100

■i

95

150

Buffalo Gluten Feed

Dried Beet Pulp

Corn Products Refining
Co.. New York, N. Y.

German-American Sugar
Co., Bay City, Mich.

Larrowe Milling Co., De-
troit, Mich,
do .. . ...

John S. McEachern Sons,
Wilmington.

W. S. White & Co., Eliza-
bath City.

Wide-Awake Hay & Grain
Co., Greensboro.

The Patterson Co., Greens-
boro.

Elmore-Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

Job P. Wyatt's Sons Co.,
Raleigh.

Nov. 8, '13
Jan. 14, '14
Mar. 30, '14
Mar. 30, '14
Mar. 31, '14
Nov. 21, '13

$-...

?07

do

1.75

?M

^ do —

2.00

n'i

do

do

2.00

iifi

....do

Charles Pope, Riverdale,
111.

1.75

RECAPIT

Average.

Discrepancy.

Number analyzed.

Guaranteed
and Found

Maximum.... ( Guaranteed.

1 I Found

Minimum

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranreed.

Found

Maximum...
Minimum...

Average

Guaranteed.

Deficient

Total...

Note that "deficient" in fiber means better than
See also Note on pages 24 and 28.

The Bulletin.

69

GLUTEN FEED, BEET PULP

4^

03

a

o
Oh

a

0.

Ingredients Guaranteed '

Chemist's Finding

2(2
a §

O
71

s

u

P

.-5 (u

f Guaranteed-

23.00

2.00

8.50

. \ Found

27.12

4.12

4.00

2.00

5.96

—2.54

J 1 Guaranteed-
^^^ \ Found

8.00

.50

20.00

7.25

— .25

.76

.26

18.60

—1.40

207

r Guaranteed-
\ Found

8.00

.50

20.00

8.00

.00

.90

.40

17.47

—2.53

1 j Guaranteed.
' \ Found

8.00

.50

8.63

.63

.85

.35

17.18

„„„i f Guaranteed.

8.00

.50

20.00

2SS

1 Found

8.94

.94

1.00

.50

17.47

—2.53

116

r Guaranteed-
l Found

8.00

.50

20.00

8.00

.00

.57

.07

19.10

— .90

TJLATION

Protein, Per Cent

Fat, Per Cent

Fibre, Per Cent

8.00
8.94
8.00
7.25

.50

1.00

.50

.57

20.00
19.10
20.00
17.18

.94 — .25

.50

—2. 53

.63 — .25

.07

—.90

5 or 100 per cent.
1 or 80 per cent.

5 or 100 per cent.

4 or 80 per cent.
4 or 100 per cent.
5

5

5

guaranteed.

TO

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF

KIZ

6528
6527
6529

Brand Name from
Label

Rice MeaL..
Rice Polish -
Rice Bran...

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Lfevy Rice Milling Co.,

New Orleans, La.
....do ,

.do.

Retailer

Sent by the company

....do

....do

ID V

TO O

Dec. — , '13
Dec. — , '13
Dec. — . '13

o

Maximum
Minimum.
Deficient..

RECAPIT

Guaranteed
and Found

I Guaranteed.

I Found

I Guaranteed.
1 Found

Note that "deficient" in fiber means better than

ANALYSES OF POULTRY

s a

6571
6572
6573
6551

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Rawleigh's Stock Tonic... W. T. Rawleigh Medical

Co., Freeport, 111.

Federal Stock Food Federal Stock Food Co.,

Mifflinburg, Pa.

Retailer

a
o

o ♦^

Sent by R. C. Morefield,
Harmony.

Sent by J. R. Bell, More-
head City.

Federal Poultry Food .do ..do

Chicken Builder and Pul- | Anglo-American Poultry
let Egg Developer. i Syndicate of London,

England; Branches: —
New York and Chicago.

Sent by J. M. Stephens &
Co., Durham.

■S^] .2

5o| £

Apr. — , '14
May — , '14
May — , '14|
Feb. — , '14|

•Largely sulphur.

Note: No. 6551 is unlicensed in this State; was being sold by a house-to-house peddler, who was arrested
percent.)

The Bulletin.

71

RICE PRODUCTS

o =

6528
6527
6529

s °

I"

f Guaranteed

\ Found

f Guaranteed

I Found ,

J Guaranteed
I Found

>»

>>

>.

u

o

u

S3

a

S^

a

■*3

c3

a

o,

03

a

0)

Dh

o;

(U

«o

.*»

o

!n-

O t*

tn

P

Q

.~ a;

Q

11. on

8.00

11.00

12 .5n

2.50

12.65

4.65

9.09

-1.91

11.50

7.00

6.30

11.37

— .13

10.21

3.21

1.95

-4.35

11.50

12.00

12.00

11.88

+ .38

14.04

2.04

8.88

—3.12

Ingredients Guaranteed

Chemist's Finding

ULATION

Protein,

Per Cent

Fat, Per Cent

Fibre, Per Cent

11.50
12.50
11.00
11.37

per cent.

12.00

14.04

7.00

10.21

12.00
9.09
6.30
1.95

1 or 33

3 or 100 per cent.

guaranteed.

AND STOCK TONICS

■Si-,

*3

a S

a

03
0.

M

d

ft

PL,

ft

Ingredients Guaranteed

Chemist's Finding

II

o §

•So

O t-t
h CD

.s

Q

£

o

Q

II

2
P

f Guaranteed-

■

\ Found

11.06

*5.53

10.75

„,_„ f Guaranteed.

13.56

3.75

25.46

l Found

10.25

*2.92

23.55

6573

J Guaranteed-
l Found

10.75

2.36

10.67

10.58

3.07

10.82

6551

f Guaranteed-
l Found

11.50

1.40

•

and punished. The stuff consisted mainly of flour (about 70 to 75) and of charcoal or lamp black (25 to 30

■72

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF WHOLE WHEAT, OATS,

S ^
o a

6583
6509

6577
6557

6543

Brand Name from
L..bel

Whole Wheat

Whole Wheat (unscreened)

Wheat Screenings

Clean Screenings (ground)

Floor Sweepings

24 Pure Crushed Oats.

Manufactur?r or
Wholesaler

Iredell Test Farm.

Alpine Milling Co., Glen
Alpine, N. C.

New Bern, Hay Grain &
Feed Co., New Bern,
N. C.

Lewis & Adcock, Knox-
ville, Tenn.

Retailer

Sent by B. W. Kilgore,

Raldgh.
Sent by the company..

Sent by North State Mill-
ing Co., Greensboro.

Sint by J. D. Anderson,
Tobaccoville.

Sent by the company

Jones & Hedgecock, Wins-
ton-Salem.

a
o

a

c3 o
PO

July — , '14
Sept. — , '13

May — , '14
Mar. — , '14

Jan. — , '14

July 10, '13

J=X1

£ <a

^ n.
O o

The Bulletin.
WHEAT SCREENINGS, FLOOR SWEEPINGS

73

Is

9 °
£fa

Protein
Pdr Cent

o

d
a
0.

t-,
o

CD

,5

« d

>>

d

ft

V

m

S

.-2 cb
feO

>>

o
d
c3

a

O

s

Ingredients Guaranteed

Chemist's Finding

6583
6509

6577

r Guaranteed.

I Found

f Guaranteed.
I Found

' Guaranteed.

Found

1 Guaranteed.

13.38
12.62

13.42

1.94
2.62

2.69
3.57

4.14

5.00
3.90

2.10
4.28

4.70
2.58

•

9.88

9.50
9.06

Unscreened inferior
wheat, containing con-
siderable amount of
weed stems.

tibi)/

I Found

Guaranteed.
, Found..

f Guaranteed.
I Found

13.91

9.75

11.83
12.25

Small amount of corn

6543

bran, but mainly wheat
products.
Corn, oats, cracked corn,

24

outer portion of corn
cob, dust, grit.

c
THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

RALEIGH

Vol. 35, No. 11. NOVEMBER, 1914. Whole No. 202.

( FALL SEASON, 1913.
I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS -

(spring SEASON, 1914.

IL ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Post-office at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham.. Belhaven First District.

K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District.

R. L. WooDARD Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh. Fourth District.

R. W. Scott Haw River ......Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek 1 Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale ^ Eighth District.

W. J. Shdpord Hickory . Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF.

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PicKEL Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewah Assistant Chemist.

E. B. H.A.RT Assistant Chemist.

J. R. Mullen Assistant Chemist.

R. W. CoLLETT Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FL0WE.. . Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

E. G. Hargett Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sloan Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Chemist and Chief, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. E. Bell Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

Leland B. Rhodes Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. B. WILLIAMS Agronomist.

J. K. Pldmmer Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters r Plant Breeding.

G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomi.st in Crops.

*W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins Soil Survey.

R. C. Jurney Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

Mlss Louise Rademacher ^ Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairv Experimenter.

TAlvin J. Reed _.'. Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming.

JE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

tC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

JT. E. Browne • .Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

JA. K. Robertson ..Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

IMrs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Girls' Clubs.

JMiss Marg.vret Scott . .Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

F. N. McDowell, Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. PucKETT, Assis,tant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

'Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

Jin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

Hox. W. A. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

Sir : — I submit herewith analyses of fertilizers and cotton-seed meal
made in the laboratory of samples collected during the past fall and
spring. These analyses show fertilizers and meals to be about as here-
tofore, and to be, generally, what was claimed for them. I recommend
that it be issued as the !N"ovember Bulletin.

Very respectfully,

B. W. KiLGORE,

Approved for printing : . State Chemist.

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner.

I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS,
FALL SEASON, 1913; SPRING SEASON, 1914.

Bv B. W. KILGORE,
W. G. HAYWOOD, J. Q. JACKSON, E. S. DEWAR, and J. R. MULLEN.

The analyses presented in this Bulletin are of samples collected by
the fertilizer inspectors of the Department, under the direction of the
Commissioner of Agriculture, during fall months of 1913 and the spring
months of 1914. They should receive the careful study of every farmer
in the State who uses fertilizers, as by comparing the analyses in the
Bulletin with the claims made for the fertilizers actually used, the
farmer can know by or before the time fertilizers are put in the ground
whether or not they contain the fertilizing constituents in the amounts
they were claimed to be present.

TERMS USED IN ANALYSES.

Water-soluble Phosphoric Acid. — Phosphate rock, as dug from the
mines, mainly in South Carolina, Florida, and Tennessee, is the chief
source of phosphoric acid in fertilizers.

In its raw, or natural, state the phosphate has three parts of lime
united to the phosphoric acid (called by chemists tricalcium phosphate).
This is very insoluble in water and is not in condition to be taken up
readily by plants. In order to render it soluble in water and fit for
plant food, the rock is finely ground and treated with sulphuric acid,
which acts upon it in such a way as to take from the three-lime phos-
phate two parts of its lime, thus leaving only one part of lime united
to the phosphoric acid. This one-lime phosphate is what is known as
water-soluble phosphoric acid.

Reverted Phosphoric Acid. — On long standing some of this water-
soluble phosphoric acid has a tendency to take lime from other sub-
stances' in contact with it, and to become somewhat less soluble. This
latter is known as reverted or gone-back phosphoric acid. This is
thought to contain two parts of lime in combination with the phos-
phoric acid, and is thus an intermediate product between water-soluble
and the original rock.

Water-soluble phosphoric acid is considered somewhat more valuable
than reverted, because it becomes better distributed in the soil as a
Qonsequence of its solubility in water.

Available Phosphoric Acid is made up of the water-soluble and re-
verted; it is the sum of these two.

Water Soluble Ammonia. — The main materials furnishing ammonia
in fertilizers are nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, cotton-seed meal.

6 The Bulletin.

dried blood, tankage, and fish scrap. The first two of these (nitrate of
soda and sulphate of ammonia) are easily soluble in water and become
well distributed in the soil where plant roots can get at them. They are,
especially the nitrate of soda, ready to be taken up by plants, and are
therefore quick-acting forms of ammonia. It is mainly the ammonia
from nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia that will be designated
under the heading of water-soluble ammonia.

Organic Ammonia. — The ammonia in cotton-seed meal, dried blood,
tankage, fish scrap, and so on, is included under this heading. These
materials are insoluble in water, and before they can feed plants they
must decay and have their ammonia changed, by the aid of the bacteria
of the soil, to nitrates, similar to nitrate of soda.

They are valuable then as plant food in proportion to their content
of ammonia, and the rapidity with which they decay in the soil, or
rather the rate of decay, will determine the quickness of their action as
fertilizers. With short season, quick-growing crops, quickness of action
is an important consideration, but with crops occupying the land during
the greater portion, or all, of the growing season, it is better to have a
fertilizer that will become available more slowly, so as to feed the plant
till maturity. Cotton-seed meal and dried blood decompose fairly
rapidly, but will last the greater portion, if not all, of the growing season
in this State. While cotton seed and tankage will last longer than meal
and blood, none of these act so quickly, or give out so soon, as nitrate of
soda and sulphate of ammonia.

Total Ammonia is made up of the water-soluble and organic; it is
the sum of these two.

The farmer should suit, as far as possible, the kind of ammonia to
his different crops, and a study of the forms of ammonia as given in
the tables of analyses will help him to do this.

FORM OF POTASH IN TOBACCO FERTILIZERS.

Tobacco growers are becoming yearly more disposed to know the form
of potash, whether from kainit, muriate, or sulphate, which enters into
their tobacco fertilizers. Considerable work of this kind has been done
for individuals, and we now determine the form of potash in all tobacco
brands, for the benefit of tobacco growers.

The term potash from muriate, as reported in the analyses, does not
mean, necessarily, that the potash Avas supplied by muriate of potash.
Sulphate or some other potash salt may have been used, but in all fer-
tilizers where the term potash from muriate is used, there is enough
chlorine present to combine with all the potash, though it may have
come from salt in tankage, kainit, or karnalite. As the objection to the
use of muriate of j)otash in tobacco fertilizers arises from the chlorine
present, it does not matter whether this substance is present in common
salt or potash-furnishing materials.

The Bulletin. 7

The use of sulphate of potash where there is chlorine present in the
other ingredients of the fertilizer will not prevent the injurious effect
of the chlorine. The term potash from muriate in our analyses, there-
fore, means that there is sufficient chlorine present in the fertilizer
from all sources to combine with the potash to the extent indicated by
the analyses.

VALUATIONS.

To have a basis for comparing the values of different fertilizer
materials and fertilizers, it is necessary to assign prices to the three
valuable constituents of fertilizers — ammonia, phosphoric acid, and
potash. These figures, expressing relative value per ton, are not in-
tended to represent crop-producing power, or agricultural value, but are
estimates of the commercial value of ammonia, phosphoric acid and
potash in. the materials supplying them. These values are only approxi-
mate, as the cost of fertilizing materials is liable to change as other
commercial products are, but they are believed to fairly represent the
cost of making and putting fertilizers on the market. They are based
on a careful examination of trade conditions, wholesale and retail, and
upon quotations of manufacture.

Relative value per ton, or the figures shoAving this, represents the
prices on board the cars at the factory, in retail lots of five tons or less,
for cash.

To make a complete fertilizer the factories have to mix together in
proper proportions materials containing ammonia, phosphoric acid, and
potash. This costs something. For this reason it is thought well to
have two sets of valuations — one for the raw or unmixed materials,
such as acid phosphate, kainit, cotton-seed meal, etc., and one for mixed
fertilizers.

The values used last season were :

VALUATIONS FOR 1913.

In Unmixed or Raw Materials.

For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4 cents per pound.

For phosphoric acid in bone meal and Peruvian Guano. 3% cents per pound.

For phosphoric acid in basic slag 4 cents per pound.

For nitrogen 19% cents per pound.

For potash — 4 cents per pound.

In Mixed Fertilizers.

For phosphoric acid 4% cents per pound.

For nitrogen 21 cents per pound.

For potash 5 cents per pound.

VALUATIONS FOR 1914.

In Unmixed or Raw Materials.

For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4 cents per pound.

For phosphoric acid in bone meal and Peruvian Guano

and basic slag 4 cents per pound.

For nitrogen ^. 19% cents per pound.

For potash 4 cents per pound.

8 The Bulletin.

In Mixed Fertilizers.

For phosphoric acid 4i^ cents per pound.

For nitrogen 21 cents per pound.

For potash 5 cents per pound.

HOW RELATIVE VALUE IS CALCULATED.

•

In the calculation of relative value it is only necessary to remember
that so many per cent means the same number of pounds per hundred,
and that there are twenty hundred pounds in one ton (2,000 pounds).

With an 8-2-1.65 goods, which means that the fertilizer contains avail-
able phosphoric acid 8 per cent, potash 2 per cent, and nitrogen 1.65 per
cent, the calculation is made as follows :

Value Per Value Per Ton,
Percentage or Lbs. in 100 Lbs. iqO Lbs. 2,000 Lbs.

8 pounds available phosphoric acid at 4i^ cents 0.36 X2{t= $ 7.20

2 pounds potash at 5 cents 0.10 X2a=i 2.00

1.65 pounds nitrogen at 21 cents 0.347X20= 6.94

Total value 0.817X20= $16.14

Ereight and merchant's commission must be added to these prices.

The Bulletin.

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Canton Chemical Co.'s Baker's

Tobacco Fertilizer.
Canton Chemical Co.'s Superior High

Grade Fertilizer.
Detrick's Victory Cotton Fertilizer...

Detrick's Victory Crop Grower..

Eureka Cotton-seed Meal Compound.

Tia.znretto Chnllencrp Fertilizer

Lazaretto Special Tobacco and Potato

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Arps' Quick Growth for All Crops

Asheville Packing Co.'s Complete

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Atlantic High Grade Tobacco Guano.

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V.-C. C. Co.'s Formula 101 Tobacco

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V.-C. C. Co.'s N.& R.'s Best

Westfield's High Grade Special To-
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Greene County Tobacco Fertilizer

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Davis's Special for Cotton .:..

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Rook Hill Fertilizer Co., Rock Hill, S. C...

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Lynchburg Guano Co.'s S. W. Special

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Southern Chemical Co.'s Winner

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Va. State Fertilizer Co.'s XX Potash

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V.-C. C. Co.'s Special Potash Mixture

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16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate

Union 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate...

Farm Bell Acid Phosphate

Best Grade Acid Phosphate

Venable Best Acid Phosphate

Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizer Co.'s

•Eureka Acid Phosphate.
Davie & Whittle's Owl Brand High

Grade Acid Phosphate.
Durham Fertilizer Co.'s Best Acid

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Southern Chemical Co.'s Comet, 16

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do

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S. W. Travers & Co.'s Champion

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Va.-Car. Chemical Co.'s 16 Per Cent

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do -- --

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Brands claiming...

Upshur, R. L., Guano Co., Norfolk, Va

Union Guano Co., Winston, N. C

United States Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md.

Vance Guano Co., Henderson, N. C

Venable Fertilizer Co., Richmond, Va

Va.-Car. Chemical Co., Richmond, Va

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12.24
11.68
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Tuscarora Fertilizer Co., Greensboro, N. C.
Union Guano Co., Winston. N. C _

Upshur, R. L., Guano Co., Norfolk, Va

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Vance Guano Co., Henderson. N. C

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Richmond Guano Co., Richmond, Va

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Pearsall & Co., Wilmington, N. C

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t3

T!

W

W

o

o

02

03
03

53
>

"o

u
O

6
O

d

s

p.

02

oi

o

S
O

o

d ^

M ^ 3
d

O

03
O

6
O

03

d
O

3
O

o

03

o
13

o

■o .-S

2; 2

•^

»

a

<u

:0

o

O

U

U

T3
d
c3

O .

dO
o .

:^z

o .
O d
d o)

PP &
IS

T3

d

3

o
a

<o
P,

03

a

m
03

a

o

J3

H
-d
d

c3

O

d

03
S

O
d

">

3

"3

c
o

m

o
a

m
O

-d

o

II. ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL

is

Name and Address of Manufacturer.

Where Sampled.

Per Cent
Nitrogen
Guaranteed.

Equivalent to
Ammonia.

Per Cent
Nitrogen
Found.

S

5195

American Fertilizing Co., Norfolk, Va...

Weldon

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50.

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

6.18

5.70

5.88

6.14

6.17

6.17

6.20

6.24

6.24

6.06

6.04

6.04

5.86

5.82

5.76

5.74

5.30

5.98

6.52

6.26

6.44

6.38

6.36

6.17

6.14

5.62

5.27

6.26

6.18

6.88

6.20

6.14

6.12

6.12

5.96

5.88

7.51

5297

Atlantic Chemical Co., Norfolk, Va

Edenton .

6.93

5256

Battleboro Oil Co., Battleboro, N. C

Kinston

Windsor

7 15

5285

Bertie Cotton Oil Co., Aulander, N. C

7.47

5313

Bragaw Fertilizer Co., Washington, N. C

Washington

do

7.50

5230

....do

7 50

5237

Broadway Cotton Oil Co., Belton, N. C

Brevard. -

7.54

5213

Buckeye Cotton Oil Co., Cincinnati, Ohio

Waynesville

China Grove

Crouse

7.59

5261

..-do

7.59

5158

...do

7.37

5191

....do

Greensboro

Wadesboro

Sylva

7 34

5246

....do

7.34

5215

....do.

7.12

517

....do

Vander

7 08

.5211

....do '

Hazelwood

Waynesville

Marion

7.00

5212

....do

6.98

5152

....do

6.44

5174

Chatham Oil and Fertilizer Co., Pittsboro, N. C

Cherokee Commission Co., Gaffney, S. C

Pittsboro

7.27

5236

Brevard

7.93

5223

....do

Ashevillft

7.61

5189

Clayton Oil MiUs Co., Clayton, N. C

Clayton

7.83

5278

....do

Pine Level

Tarboro

7 76

5184

7.73

5306

....do...

Edenton

7.50

5231

....do

WiUiamston

Speed

7.47

5275

...do

6.83

5294

....do

Edenton

6.41

509

Cotton Oil and Gin Co., Scotland Neck, N. C

Scotland Neck

7.61

511

7.51

5187

Dunn Oil Mill Co., Dunn, N. C

Dunn

8.36

5266

Edenton .

7.54

5276

...do

do

7.47

5308

Elizabeth City...
Sdenton

7.44

5265

...do ]

7.44

5228

do

7.25

5295

...do...

...do

7.15

The Bulletin.

117

ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL.

o .

Name and Address of Manufactiirer.

5298 Eastern Cotton Oil Co., Hertford, N. C

5307|_...do...- ---

5169 do -

5192iElba Mfg. Co., Charlotte, N. C

527lL..do

5165 do Maxton, N. C... -

5242;.. ..do -- --

5267l_._.do -

5232 do Charlotte, N. C

5291 ....do

5162 do Maxton, N.-C

5217 do Charlotte, N. C

5177|....do -

5171... .do - -

5263;Elizabeth City Cotton Oil Co., Elizabeth City, N. C...

5258!. ...do ----

5183 Farmers Oil Mill Co., Nashville, N. C

5244iFarmers Cotton Oil Co., Wilson, N. C

5229,. ...do

5208;. ...do - -

Where Sampled.

U o p-
i^ H ^

52431. ...do.

1

S240J-...do.
5166j-...do.

5209 do.

5300 ....do.

516

5186

.do.

Farmville Oil and Fertilizer Co., Farmville, N. C.

5146, Fort Valley Oil Co., Fort Valley, Ga.

5170 Fremont Oil Mill Co., Fremont, N. C

5304
5220
5268

.do.

Georgia Cotton Oil Co., Atlanta, Ga

Greer Cotton-seed Oil Co., Greer, S. C.
' 1
5262|Havens Oil Co., Washington, N. C

515i;Kershaw Oil Mill, Kershaw, S. C

5149 do

522lL...do..

Edenton

.do...

Elizabeth City...

Winston

Matthews

Maxton..

Wadesboro

Creedmoor

Gastonia

Greensboro

Laurinbnrg

Clyde

Black Mountain.

Charlotte

Elizabeth City..

-...do

Nashville..

Roper

Wilson

Edenton

....do

Mount Olive

Greenville

Edenton

Oak City

Edenton

Greenville

Bryson City

Fremont

....do

Whitten

Penrose

Mackeys

Gastonia

Asheville

....do

•

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

61.7

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

> 2
•3 C

d § .
O o a

go

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.60

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

5.84
5.76
5.30

6.62.
6.58

6.52 I

I

6.52

6.48

6.30

6.20

6.18.

6.17

5.94

5.76

6.60

6.27

6.48

6.24

6.18

6.14

6.10

6.06

6.02

5.96

5.92

5.76

6.32

6.18

6.48

6.20

6.00

6.04

6.17

6.60

6.34

5.96

7.10
7.00
6.44
8.05
8.00
7.93
7.93
7.88
7.66
7.54
7.51
7.50
7.22
7.00
8.02
7.62
7.88
7.59
7.51
7.47
7.42
7.37
7.32
7.25
7.20
7.00
7.68
7.51
7.88
7.54
7.29
■ 7.34
7.50
8.02
7.71
7.25

118

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL

•

•Si

Name and Address of Manufacturer.

Where Sampled.

S

11

W<5

c £ ■
O o d
01 •-« o

2
S.i

I'i

aS

5235
5153
5293
5273
5279
5255
5179

521
5250
5193
5254
5203
5280
5224
5147
5180

526
5206

Kings Mountain Cotton Oil Co., Kings Mountain, N. C.
Lancaster Cotton Oil Co., Lancaster, S. C...

Kings Mountain..
Marion

6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17

7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50

6.74
6.14
5.27
6.00
6.30
6.02
6.76
6.64
6.62
6.18
6.10
5.82
6.46
6.04
5.94
6.60
6.38
6.04
6.06
6.26
6.20
6.06
6.04
6.34
5.96
6.34
6.18
6.12
5.90
5.38
6.46
6.26
6.22
6.28
6.12
5.74

8.19

7 47

Laurinburg Oil Co., Laurinburg, N. C. . .

Laurinburg

Lemon Springs...
Pink HiU

6 41

Lee County Cotton Oil Co., Sanford, N. C

7.29

Lenoir Oil and Ice Co., Kinston, N. C

7.66

--do .

Kinston

7.32

Lorene Cotton Oil Co., Mooresville, N. C. .

Mooresville

do

8 22

-.--do... .'.

8 07

-. -do

do

8 05

Louisburg Cotton Oil Mills, Louisburg, N. C...

Oxford

7.51

....do

Durham

7.42

...do

Marion Cotton Oil Co., Marion, S. C

Littleton.

7.08

WhiteviUe

Asheville -

7.85

McCaw Mfg. Co., Macon, Ga

7.34

.--.do

Mooresville Oil Mills, Mooresville, N. C

Murphy...

7.22

Mooresville

.—do

Parkton

8.02

...do

Morgan Oil and Fertilizer Co.. Red Serines. N. C. - .

7.76
7.34

5302 Mount Gilead Cotton Oil Co., Mount Gilead, N. C

5281 1 New Bern Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Mills. New Bern.

West End-..

Edenton

7.37
7.61

5239

N. C.
....do

Mount OUve

Robersonville

New Bern

Connelly Springs.
Newton

7.54

5257

....do

7 37

5168
5173
5251

-. -do

Newton Oil and Fertilizer Co., Newton, N. C

...do

North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte, N. C.

...do

do

..do •....

--.do

7.34
7.71
7.25

5148

Asheville

7.71

5227

Laundale .

7.51

5159
5260
5178

Charlotte

Lexington

7.32
7.17
6.54

5259

do Henderson, N. C

.-..do

...do

-...do Raleigh, N. C

-.-.do

...do

Oxford

7.85

5194
5204
5196
5175

....do...

Franklinton

....do

Raleigh

7.61
7.56
7.64

7.44

5210

Trotville.-

6.98

The Bulletin.

119

ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL.

-§1

Name and Address of Manufacturer.

5253 North Carolina Cotton Oil Co., Wilmington, N. C.

5163 ....do
5241 ....do

528.... do

5155 Pine Level Oil Mill, Pine Level, N. C.
5181 Planters Oil Mill, Blacksburg, S. C.
5238 Rich Hill Oil Mill Co., Whitestone, S. C
5161 Robertson Mfg. Co., Lumberton, N. C.
5287 Royster, F. S., Guano Co., Norfolk, Va
5289.. _. do...-

5164 Rowland Oil and Fertilizer Co., Rowland, N. C.

5205. ...do

5176 Southern Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte, N. C.
5234 ....do -

507 ....do

5226 ....do -■

5303 do Chester, S. C.

5145 do Concord, N. C

5157.. ..do

5299 do Conetoe, N. C

5160 do - .Davidson, N. C

5272. ...do -

5249:... .do... -

5305

5188
5284
51671

.do Fayetteville, N. C.

.do

.do Gastonia, N. C.

.do Goldsboro, N. C

5150J do Macon, Ga.

5219 ....do --

5182
5207
5156
5248
5270
5247

...do Rocky Mount, N. C

^_-do -----

...do Selma, N. C

.do Shelby, N.C.

.do..:

.do - -.Spartanburg, S. C

52861 do Tarboro, N. C ..lAhoskie

120

The Bulletin.

ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL.

>>

ll

o a
■^ 5

Name and Address of Manufacturer.

Where Sampled.

Per Cent
Nitrogen
Guaranteed.

5

0J.2

Per Cent
Nitrogen
Found.

o

5185

Southern Cotton Oil Co., Tarboro, N. C

Tarboro

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

6.17

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

6.36

6.06

6.04

6.36

5.50

5.90

6.10

6.58

6.48

6.20

5.80

5.80

5.76

6.38

6.32

6.28

6.08

6.00

6.06

6.36

6.50

7.73

.506

..-.do

do

7 37

5154

do Wadesboro, N. C

Lilesville

7.34

5277

do Washington, N. C

..-.do ..WUson, N. C

...do

Spring Hope Cotton Oil Co., Spring Hope, N. C

Stanly Cotton Oil Co., Norwood, N. C

KeUum

7.73

5190

Wilson

7.90

5264

Enfield-

7.17

5310
537

Middlesex

Norwood

7.32
8.00

.5312

Tar River Oil Co., Tarboro, N. C

Washington

Princeton

7.88

5311

Union Guano Co., Winston, N. C

7.54

5296

Union Seed and Fertilizer Co., Raleigh, N. C. . .

New Hill

Scotland Neck .„
Fountain

7.05

510
5293

do. Wilmington, N. C

-.-do...

Victor Cotton Oil Co., Yorkville, S. C

7.05
7.00

5283

High Shoals

Earl

7.76

5172

...do

7.68

5274

Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co., Richmond, Va

.-.do - .

Edenton.

7.64

■5301

do

7.39

5288

—do

Wilmot Oil MUls, Pelzer, S. C.-..

Trenton

7.29

5269

Horse Shoe

Wadesboro

Middlesex

7.37

5245

Winder Oil MiU Co.. Winder, Ga

7.73

5309

Zebulon Cotton Oil Co., Zebulon, N. C

7.90

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR YEAR, AU6UST,1913-AUGUST,1914.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 172,386,131

Pounds sold for dealers 9,866,642

Pounds sold for warehouses 7,390,542

Total 189,643,315

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR SEPTEMBER, 1914.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 29,303,232

Pounds sold for dealers 1,556,874

Pounds sold for "warehouses 1,024,826

Total 31,884,932

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 35, No. 11. SUPPLEMENT TO NOVEMBER, 1914 Whole No. 203

Progressive Development of North Carolina Agriculture

WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF

FOOD AND FEED PRODUCTS SHIPPED INTO THE STATE DURING YEAR 1913

(Bulletin No. 8, Vol. 33, Revised)

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter,

February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

Edwards ^ Beoughton Feinting Co.
State Peintees

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District.

R. L. WoODARD Pamlico Third District:

Cl.'^rence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCai.lum. . . ■ Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wricht Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bludsoe Gale Eiglith District.

W. J. Shuford Hickory Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth _)istrict.

OFFICERS AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.,

ELIAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. Pickel Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

E. B. H.\RT Assistant Chemist.

J. R. Mullen Assistant Chemist.

R. W. COLLETT Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. B RIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

E. G. Harijett Assi&tant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT Plorticulturist.

R. G. Hill Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Pure Food Chemist.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

C. E. Bell Assistant Pure Food Chemist.

J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters Plant Breeding.

G. M. Garrrn Assistant Agronomist in Crops.

*W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins Soil Survey.

R. C. JuRNEY Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. Waldron Assistant Botanist and Seed Analyist.

Miss Louise A. Rademacher Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

t Alvin J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming

JE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

iC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

JT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

JA. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

JMrs. Jane S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Girls' Clubs.

JMiss Margaret Scott Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

F. N. McDowell. Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. PuCKETT, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm Oxford, N. C.

*Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of AgricuUure.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

iln cooperation vyith Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Hon. W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture,
Raleigh, N. C.

Sir : — I beg to submit herewith a manuscript, a revision of Bulletin
No. 8, discussing, in a brief way, some of the different lines of progress
of agriculture in JN'orth Carolina during the recent past. To those who
desire a full discussion of the agricultural development of the State this
Bulletiji will be painfully brief; but we have only to point out that it
would require a good-sized volume to do the subject justice, and that
the time at our command and the space allotted to us would not permit
a fuller discussion of the subject. We have been able, therefore, in this
paper to call attention to only a few things among the many that cause
Worth Carolina to stand out prominently above many other states.

In the last part of the paper is found a brief discussion of the amount
of food and feed products shipped into the State during 1913. Most of
the data for this part of the paper were obtained from the books of the
different railway comjoanies doing an interstate business in North Caro-
lina.

I recommend the publication of this manuscript as a supplement from
the Botany and Agronomy Division to the November Bulletin of this
Department. Respectfully submitted,

J. L. BUEGESS,

Approved : Agronomist and Botanist.

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner.

Progressive
Development of North Carolina Agriculture

WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF

FOOD AND FEED PRODUCTS SHIPPED INTO NORTH CAROLINA

DURING 1913

By J. L. BURGESS, Agronomist and Botanist.

STATUS OF THE FARMER.

Forty years ago ISTortli Carolina was a good state to be from; now it
is one of the very best states in the Union to be in.

Agriculture in those days was frequently thought of as a hardship
imposed upon the unfortunates who had to "toil" the soil for a living,
and was, in many cases, looked upon as an occupation suitable for only
those who were either financially or mentally incapable of pursuing a
more popular calling.

But a change has come. Instead of being a drudgery and a despised
menial occupation, as it once was, farming has, within the last two
decades, been elevated to a position having the dignity of a profession, or
a business, touching the intellect at every angle and taxing the mind to
its utmost in grappling with the problems that daily arise on the farm
for solution. Men everywhere are viewing the business of farming in a
more favorable light. They are beginning to realize that there is no
occupation more honorable, more necessary to the welfare of the State,
or more deserving of the best efforts and energies in man, than that of
tilling the soil. Indeed, all men are now insisting that it is the most
noble of occupations, having been divinely instituted when man was first
placed upon the earth, and Emerson has pointed out that "The first
farmer was the first man, and all historic nobility rests on the possession
and use of land."

THE FUNDAMENTAL CALLING.

It is a commonplace that agriculture is the foundation of all other
occupations — mining, manufacture, commerce, etc. If we cease to plow,
the miner will lay down his pick ; factory wheels will stop ; locomo-
tives will stand cold and lifeless upon the tracks; abandoned ships will
decay in the harbors; fishermen will cease to cast their nets; school
children will come home to stay; church bells will cease to ring; and,
very soon, savages Avill again roam over the face of the earth. An ample
food supply, therefore, is essential to the highest moral, intellectual, and
physical development of the human race. All wars, whether industrial
or sanguinary are, in their last analysis, waged over an actual or fancied
future scarcity of the necessaries of life. The mightiest factors in the

G The Bulletin.

world's civilization today, then, are the smoke-house and the. granary;
and, whether we will or not, the modern Atlas is "The Man with the
Hoe." Good farming then will ever be the foundation on which all real
progress in civilization must be made.

AGRICULTURAL ADVANTAGES IN NORTH CAROLINA.

Location.

The fondest hopes of the farmer may be realized right here in North
Carolina. New England has little to offer the man who wants to farm.
Forty years ago many farmers very wisely left the Old North State for
Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, etc., and there homesteaded 160
acres of land that are now worth, in many cases, more than $32,000. A
number of these men have sons who want to farm and can give them
$4,000 to $6,000 with which to purchase land and equipment. But how
much land can be purchased with $4,000 at $200 an acre. Few of them
would be content with less than 80 acres, and to purchase this, without
improvements, would require an outlay of $16,000. Add $4,000 for
necessary improvements and he will have spent $20,000 for his 80-acre
farm, perhaps, before he has reaped a single harvest or realized a penny
on his investment. It is plain, therefore, that a young man of average
means in the central west must be a renter if he farms at all. Farther
west and northwest, the climate is too cold for any but the hardiest
Scandinavians or north European immigrants. In the far west prices
are, again, too high and competition too acute for an eastern man of
average means. Farther south the climate is too hot and malaria is so
prevalent that the health of a man from this latitude would, under
average conditions, likely be threatened. Coming back to North Caro-
lina, we find here all the advantages the farmer has anywhere else in
the country, and the additional advantage of living in a state destined
to become one of the leading manufacturing states of the Union.

Capital has not been slow to accept the invitation tacitly held out by
our location with reference to other states, and our strategic position
with reference to the future manufacturing development of the coun-
try. The 3,500,000 horse-power that but a few years ago was running to
waste along the streams of the piedmont and mountain sections of the
State is now being harnessed and utilized in the various manufacturing
and other industrial enterprises. This immense power is just on the
border of the cotton fields and among the forests and the mines. Our
climates and soils are capable of producing more than enough to sup-
port the largest possible mill population that will ever be needed to
manipulate the electric power generated by our streams. We have ample
facilities for transporting raw materials and for handling an unlimited
amount of finished products. No one is blind to our easy access to deep
water on the coast, the Panama Canal, and thence to the Orient. Cap-
ital has seen its opportunity among us and has laid the foundation for
its own protection and our development.

The Bulletin. 7

MARKETS.

The greatest asset of any agricultural community is a good local mar-
ket. There was a time when the Worth Carolina farmer looked in vain
for a home market, but that time has passed. There was a time when
no one seemed to want anything we had to sell, but economic conditions
have so changed that nothing short of a national calamity is likely to
reduce the present demand for the products of the JSTorth Carolina
farm.

In respect to local markets, North Carolina is unexcelled and rarely
equaled, by any state in the Union. We have no great metropolis like
Baltimore or Washington to handle the bulk of our farm products, but
we do have a large number of thriving cities. — Asheville, Gastonia, Char-
lotte, Winston, Salisbury, Greensboro, Monroe, Durham, Raleigh, Wil-
mington, Goldsboro, JSTew Bern, Wilson, Rocky Mount, Tarboro, Kin-
ston, Greenville Washington, Henderson, High Point, Elizabeth City,
Fayetteville, and a number of others, — ranging in population from 3,000
to over 30,000 and scattered broadcast over the entire State. It would
be practically impossible for a farmer to locate in North Carolina and
not be within easy reach of some good home market. The day is fast
approaching when it will be unnecessary for the North Carolina farmer
to look outside the State for a market for his staple products. This
statement can hardly be called visionary when we note the increase in
number and kinds of manufactories within our borders and the large
towns and consequent good markets which necessarily attend these
manufacturing enterprises. New England is coming south with her
mills and markets. These industries are constantly calling for more
labor, and, since only white labor is wanted, a large percentage of the
white farmers that were on farms twenty years ago are now working
in the mills. The former producers of farm products have been trans-
formed into consumers of farm products and producers of finished mill
products. In other words, the mills have collected men, women, and
children from large extents of territory and thus made good local mar-
kets for those of the rural population who preferred to stay on the farm.

North Carolina has a population of hundreds of thousands more
than Kansas, Nebraska, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, or Mis-
sissippi, and more than the states of Colorado, Nevada, Idaho, Montana,
Wyoming, Vermont, and Delaware all combined, with a very large per-
centage of it in the different liianufacturing towns. This should give
great emphasis to the importance of our local markets for farm products.
This fact is brought out clearly in the following table :

_ Table No 1 — Showing Population of North Carolina as Com-

pared loith Other States — 1910.

North Carolina 2,206,287

Tennessee 2,184,789

Alabama 2,138,093

Minnesota 2,075,708

Virginia 2,061,612

Mississippi 1,797,114

Kansas 1,690,949

Oklahoma 1,657,155

Louisiana 1,656,388

8 The Bulletin.

Arkansas 1,574,449

South Carolina 1,515,400

Maryland 1,295,346

West Virginia 1,221,119

Nebraska 1,192,214

Washington 1,141,990

Connecticut 1,114,756

Colorado 799,024

Florida -752,619

Maine 742,371

Oregon 672,765

South Dakota 583,888

North Dakota 577,056

Rhode Island 542,610

New Hampshire 411,588

Montana 376,053

Utah 373,351

Vermont 355,956

District Columbia 331,069

New Mexico 327,301

Idaho 325,594

Arizona 204,354

Delaware 202,322

Wyoming 145,965

TEAJfSPORTATIOX.

Railroads.

No state in the South has better transportation facilities. Five great
railroad systems are rushing through the State to reach deep water on
the Atlantic coast, there to connect with steamers for the Panama Canal.
Besides these, there are fifty-six other short lines and feeders that
ramify the State like so many blood vessels in our great industrial sys-
tem. Every farmer is thus put in easy reach of a good home market
and is but a few hours from Charleston, Atlanta, Memphis, Chatta-
nooga, St. Louis, Chicago, Pittsburg, Richmond, Washington, Balti-
more Philadelphia, New York, and Boston.

Not only have we an excellent and rapidly growing system of rail-
road transportation, covering the entire State like a network, but in
eastern North Carolina there is a veritable labyrinth of bays, sounds,
canals, and navigable rivers on which there are thousands of boats,
barges, and other vessels, handling farm produce between our own larger
eastern cities and placing much of it on the markets of the cities to the
north and south of us.

Country Roads.

In addition to our superb railroad and water transportation facilities
there was launched some years ago a general movement for better coun-
try roads in North Carolina. That movement is still going on with
daily increasing momentum. As a result there is hardly a county in the
State which has not built, or is not contemplating the building of, good
macadam or sand-clay roads leading from the county seat, or principal
town of the county, into its remotest agricultural districts. These main
lines of good roads have secondary or "belt" roads leading into them
which are also graded and made good. In a word, both the railroad and
dirt road facilities in North Carolina are, in many counties, simply un-

The Bulletin. ^

surpassed by any State in the South and hardly equaled by any State in
the Union. The farmers of North Carolina have been behind this good
roads movement ever since its inception, thus showing the progressive
spirit which pervades the agricultural classes of this State.

Telephones.

In addition to our superb transportation facilities, rural telephones
are found everywhere, thus putting the farmer in immediate communi-
cation wdth the markets of iiis own locality and with those of distant
localities at a cost ranging from seventy five cents to $1.00 per month.

EDUCATION.

In North Carolina, as in every other state, education — agricultural
education — lies at the foundation of all good and successful farming.
The ignorant man can no longer "farm if he can do nothing else." The
needs of the increasing population and the demands of refined taste
require that not only a greater acreage production, but that a finer qual-
ity of product be placed upon the market, and this can be done by intelli-
gent farming only. Poor lands cannot make high average acre-yields and
rich lands can not produce fine quality when manipulated by unskilled
hands. Regardless of the yield per acre, there is no land so poor as
that of the ignorant farmer, and none so rich as that of the man who
knows how to manage his soils.

Gold mines and phosphate beds are but barren waste to the man who
knows nothing of what is beneath the surface, while they are rich
treasures to the man of trained mind and skilled hand. Less than forty
years ago "Old Eed Mountain" in Alabama was given "to boot" in a
horse swap. Since then the vast deposits of iron ore stored away in those
hills have built Birmingham and rolled millions upon millions of dol-
lars into the coffers of the ironmasters. Why did not the original
owner get a fortune out of these rich deposits of ore? And so it has
been with the owners of many poor North Carolina farms. Hundreds
of "old worn-out farms" have been sold or given to boot, as it were,
by the erstwhile owners, who, failing to properly understand the local
conditions and the possibilities of their acres, could not even support
themselves and their families. The buyers, knowing the intrinsic value
and nature of the soils, took the farms in hand for a nominal sum and
have made a fortune where the original owners made a failure. The
ones with their families are, perhaps, operatives in some cotton mill,
while the others, with their families, are veritable lords of the land,
using the cotton mill town as a market for their produce.

The locomotive existed in the mind of the inventor long before it
stood upon the track. The statue always exists in the mind of the
sculptor long before it emerges from the stone. So it is with the agri-
cultural artist and the agricultural manufacturer. His ideal pork, beef,
milch and draft animals, his maximum corn, wheat, and cotton crops
exist in his mind months before they are found in the herd or in the
field. The most fundamentally important things for farmers to possess,
therefore, are not good land, good stock, good tools, good markets, and
reliable labor, but correct ideals and proper vision. No castles were
ever built on earth that were not first built in the air. These funda-

10 The Bulletin.

mental ideals come only by a careful and diligent study of tlie factors
controlling the development of any chosen vocation.

It means little to the farmer that farm products be high-priced if
his profits are consumed in hauling them to market. It meians
little to the farmer to own land capable of producing 50 bushels of corn
to the acre if his store of knowledge allows him to gather but 10 bushels
from the acre. We must, therefore, have good roads, and good schools
offering efficient agricultural instruction. • But good roads and good
schools alone will not make us a great agricultural state. These are but
the tools with which Ave work. Nothing is further from the truth than
the old adage that "knowledge is power." Knowledge is not power. It
never has been. Power comes only as a result of an application of
energy to knowledge. Every one has seen the walking encyclopedia
M^hose brain is surcharged with facts but who never exerts any influence
in his community. Every one has also seen 'the man of unbounded
energy who dicki't know what he wanted and had to have it — nervous,
working, watching — always in a hurry and never getting anywhere; but
when you find a man or woman possessed of great energy with an
abundance of knowledge to direct it, you find a person who is a power
in the land. There is not one volt more electro-motive force in the
world today than there was 10,000 years ago, when it was manifested
only in the thunderbolt and in the destructive shafts of lightning; but
since the invention of the electric motor, even the cobbler in his shop
uses the lightning as a beast of burden. The motor does not generate
the power, neither does the electric current generate the power; but join
the two together and every wheel in the industrial world may be pro-
pelled by the force. So it is with the farmer. When he has gained
sufficient knowledge to give proper direction to his energy he will be
proud to show us his fields of waving grain and his herds of fat cattle.
Power, then, is energized knowledge.

The North Carolina farmer has always had the energy, and within
the last ten years he has, at a very rapid rate, been acquiring the knowl-
edge. Twenty years ago the book farmer was looked upon as an
idealist without practical ability. But conditions have changed. Since
then not only have the farmers of North Carolina gone on record as
favoring book farming, but have built schools and colleges for agri-
cultural instruction, and our General Assemblies have passed laws put-
ting agriculture into every public school in the State. At present the
State Department of Agriculture, the United States Department of
Agriculture, the A. and M. College, the State University, the State
high schools, and practically every public school in the State are com-
bining their efforts to dispel the mists from the eyes of the one man
upon whose success the welfare of the entire State depends. Not only
so, but there is a number of organizations among the farmers them-
selves that give promise of doing more to put farming in North Caro-
lina on a sound business and scientific basis than any other agencies
that have ever existed within our borders.

The Bulletin. . 11

EAW PRODUCTS.

Corn.

Corn grows in all parts of the State. It is our leading crop, and the
yield is yearly increasing. It will be interesting to note that in 1913
the acre value of the corn crop of North Carolina was greater than that
of either Georgia, Florida, Illinois, Missouri, ISTorth Dakota, South
Dakota, Nebraska, Mississippi, Arkansas, Colorado, or New Mexico.
Thus showing the special inducements in this State for the increased
production of this crop.

Our genial climate, long growing season, and the rapidity with which
the plant foods become available in the soils of the State throughout the
entire year, all combine to make this crop one of especial importance
both in point of yield and ease of production.

From 1870 to 1879 the average acre-yield of corn in the State w^s 14.7
bushels. This average persisted until 1909, when the average acre-yield
of corn rose to 18.4 bushels, and in 1913 when it was 19.5 bushels per
acre. The Division of Demonstration grew an average of over 44
bushels per acre on 4,800 acres of land in North Carolina in 1911. The
amount of corn grown in the State in 1909 was 34,063,000 bushels and
in 1910 nearly 57,139,000 bushels. The value of our corn crop in 1909
was $28,954,000; in 1910, $43,426,000; in 1911, $40,738,000; in 1912,
$42,428,000; and in 1913, $48,648,000.

Table No. 2 — Showing Rank of North Carolina in Corn Produc-
tion in 1913 as Compared with Other States*

Bushels.

North Carolina 55,282,000

Oklahoma 52,250,000

Virginia 51,480,000

Arltansas 47,025,000

Louisiana 41,800,000

South Carolina 38,512,000

Kansas 23,424,000

West Virginia 22,692,000

Maryland 22,110,000

New York 15,020,000

New Jersey 10,862,000

Florida 10,125,000

North Dakota 10,800,000

Colorado 6,300,000

Delaware 6,206,000

Connecticut 2,348,000

Massachusetts 1,944,000

California 1,815,000

Vermont 1,665,000

New Mexico 1,572,000

Washington 952,000

Montana 882,000

New Hampshire 814,000

Maine 608,000

Oregon 598,000

Wyoming 493,000

Arizona 476,000

Idaho 448,000

Rhode Island 402,000

Utah 340,000

Nevada 34,000

•Taken from United States Year Book for 1913.

.12 The Bulletin.

Wheat.

Wheat is rapidly gaining in importance as a staple crop in North
Carolina. We have most excellent wheat lands in the State, but on
account of the low prices of all farm products, until comparatively re-
cently, the wheat crop has not been pushed cotton having largely taken
its place even on our best wheat lands.

We can grow wheat and in large amounts. Every man remembers,
when a school boy, to have had his especial attention called to California
on account of its phenomenal yield of wheat, sometimes as high as 50
bushels to the acre having been reported. It is interesting to note that
while the wheat crop of California has always been good, the average
yield in that State has frequently fallen below the average yield in
North Carolina. There have been as large yields of wheat obtained in
this as, perhaps, almost any state in the Union— not yields from indi-
vidual acres, but from whole farms. There is a large farm in Halifax
County on which there was grown last year an average of 28^ bushels
to the acre on a 140-acre field. In Johnston County a gentleman grew
an average of 42 bushels to the acre on a 50-acre field, with individual
acres yielding as high as 50 bushels. In Kandolph County a gentleman
grew an average of 27 bushels per acre on a 40-acre field. In David-
son County a farmer grew an average of over 30 bushels per acre on a
130-acre tract. But we need not multiply examples. Suffice it to say
that these yields were gotten by the practice of common-sense methods
on lands adapted by nature, or by preparation, to the growth of wheat.
These yields may be duplicated by any farmer who has good heavy clay
loam or silt loam soil and is willing to treat it properly.

The wheat crop in North Carolina in 1909 was 3,827,000 bushels; in
1910, 6,817,000 bushels; in 1911, 6,636,000 bushels; in 1912, 5,322,000
bushels; and, in 1913, 7,078,000 bushels.

TAiiLE No. 3.—8hounng Rank of North Carolina in Wheat Pro-
duction in 1913 as Compared with Other States*

Bushels.

North Carolina 7,078,000

New York 6,800,000

Utah 6,420,000

California 4,200,000

Wisconsin 3,665,000

West Virginia 3,055,000

Wyoming 2,250,000

Georgia 1,708,000

Delaware 1,638,000

New Jersey 1,408,000

Arkansas 1,313,000

New Mexico 1,221,000

Nevada 1,081,000

South Carolina 972,000

Arizona 928,000

Alabama 374,000

Maine .\ 76,000

Vermont 24,000

Mississippi 14,000

•Taken from United States Year Book for 1913.

The Bulletin. 13

Oats.
The oat crop in North Carolina in 1909 was 3,234,000 bushels; in
1910, 3,458,000 bushels; in 1911, 3,614,000 bushels; in 1912, 3,794,000
bushels; and in 1913, 4,485,000 bushels. The value of the oat crop in
$2,352,000; and, in 1913, $2,736,000.
$2,352,000, and, in 1913, $2,736,000.

Table No. 4. — Showing Rank of North Carolina in Oats Produc-
tion in 1913 as Compared with Other States.*

Bushels.

North Carolina 4,485,000

Virginia 4,192,000

Utali 4,1140,000

Kentuclty 3,168,000

Vermont 3,082,000

Mississippi 2,800,000

West Virginia 2,760,000

New Jersey 2,030,000

New Mexico 1,500,000

Maryland • 1,260,000

Louisiana 990,000

Florida 900,000

Nevada 473,000

New Hampshire 420,000

Massachusetts 315,000

Connecticut 308,000

Arizona 301,000

Delaware 122,000

Rhode Island 52,000

Cotton.

Notwithstanding we are on the northern limit of the cotton belt, a
large amount of this staple crop is produced every year — indeed we
have a few counties that are unexcelled in cotton production. Last
year it was the boast of Robeson, one of the largest counties in the
State, that it produced a bale of cotton to every man, woman, and child
in it.

The cotton crop is at present the most valuable single crop in the
State, ranging in value between $50,000,000 and $60,000,000 per annum.

The total cotton crop for North Carolina in 1906 was 579,326 bales.
Since then we have gradually increased the total yield until in 1911 we
produced the maximum crop in the history of the State, amounting to
1,075,826 bales. It is true that in 1911 we had greater acreage than in
any other year since 1906, but the yield per acre, which should always
be the basis of calculation in comparing farm crops, was considerably
more than that of any other recognized cotton-growing State in the
Union. We, are, therefore, not only increasing the total yield of this
product, but we seem to be doing better farming than we have done in
past years.

* Taken from United States Year Book for 1913.

14 The Bulletin.

Table No 5. — Showing Average Acre Yield of Cotton in North
Carolina in 1913 as Compared with Other States*

Pounds.

North Carolina 239

South Carolina 235

Tennessee 210

Georgia '. 208

Arkansas 205

Mississippi 204

Alabama 190

Texas 150

Florida 150

Oklahoma 132

Live Stock.

The number of live stock in ISTortli Carolina could be greatly in-
creased to the advantage of every farmer in the State. We have not
nearly as much live stock as our farms require,- and the quality is very
inferior to that- which could be desired. Nevertheless, within the last
ten years the percentage of increase of live stock in North Carolina has
been greater than that of any of the thirty-eight states shown in the
following table. A glance at the table will show that the percentage of
increase of live stock in North Carolina in the last ten years has been
more than double that of New York, Iowa, Colorado, Pennsylvania,
Kansas, Texas, and West Virginia, and considerably more than that of
Missouria, Michigan, Wisconsin and Illinois.

In 1913 North Carolina had 312,000 milch cows and 92,000 other
cattle. There were 181,000 sheep on the farms and 1,335,000 hogs.

Table No. 6. — Showing Percentage Increase in Number of Live
Stock in North Carolina as Compared tvith Other States —
1900-1910*

North Carolina 108.1

Arkansas 97.6

South Dakota 95.2

California 89.6

Florida 84.4

Tennessee 82.0

Alabama 81.7

Minnesota 81.5

Virginia 78.2

Missouri 78.0

Mississippi 76.4

Oregon 75.3

Michigan 74.3

Arizona 67.6

Wyoming 67.6

Delaware 64.6

Wisconsin 64.2

Montana 64.2

Illinois 59.4

Kentucky 59.3

Indiana 58.7

Oklahoma 58.4

Nevada 57.9

Ohio 56.7

Maryland 56.2

Taken from United States Year Book for 1913.

The Bulletin. 15

Louisiana 54.8

Nebraska 52.9

Maine 47.1

New York 45.8

West Virginia 41.8

Iowa 40.9

Colorado 40.5

New Jersey 39.6

Pennsylvania 38.1

New Mexico ; 37.1

Utah 34.0

Kansas 32.8

Texas 32.5

Massachusetts , 31.3

Connecticut 29.6

Vermont 26.9

Rhode Island 26.3

District of Columbia 22.0

New Hampshire 12.8

MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS.

In 1904 the State of ISTorth Carolina liad 3,272 manufacturing estab-
lishments, which gave employment to an average of 93,142 persons dur-
ing the year and paid $25,170,000 in salaries and vs^ages. In 1909 there
were 49,931 manufacturing establishments, giving employment to
133,453 persons and paying out during the year $41,259,000 in salaries
and wages. This shows the rate at which manufacturing enterprises are
increasing in this State. The value of the total manufactured products
of the State in 1910 was $216,656,000, which was over $13,500,000 more
than Georgia, our closest competitor in the South. The following table
will show at a glance how ISTorth Carolina ranks as a manufacturing
state. While it is not the first in value of manufactured products it is
ahead of a great many others.

Table No. 7. — Showing Rank of North Carolina in Manufactured
Products as Compared with Other States in 1910.

North Carolina $216,656,000

Georgia 202,863,000

Nebraska 199,019,000

Tennessee 180,217,000

Maine 176,029,000

New Hampshire 164,581,000

West Virginia 161,950,000

Alabama , 145,962,000

Colorado 130,044,000

South Carolina 113,236,000

Oregon 93,005,000

Mississippi 80,555,000

Arkansas 74,916,000

Montana 73,272,000

Florida 72,890,000

Vermont 68,310,000

Utah 61,989,000

Oklahoma 53,682,000

Delaware 52,840,000

Arizona ^0,267,000

District of Columbia 25,289,000

Idaho 22,400,000

North Dakota 19,138,000

16 The Bulletin.

South Dakota 17,870,000

Nevada 11,887,000

New Mexico 7,898,000

Wyoming 6,249,000

'No state can turn out sucli an enormous amount of manufactured
products without taxing to th^ utmost its agricultural resources. Cotton
and other raw materials for manufacture, and for food supplies for men
and necessary teams, must be produced on the farms, or imported from
other states.

While the North Carolina farmer has made long and rapid strides in
every line of agricultural development in the recent past, he is going to
make even greater progress in the near future. The inducements for
greater efforts are here. Our home markets are calling for more than
we can produce with our present methods, and our neighboring markets
are yet not fully supplied.

By the introduction of improved implements and the most ap-
proved methods of tillage, fertilization, etc., the present annual crop
yields can be more than doubled, and there is little doubt that they will
be more than doubled in the near future. But even then, it is not likely
that our present farming population can nearly supply the demands
made on them for food and feed products. As our crop yields increase,
the demand for the additional output will likewise increase. It would
seem, therefore, that a very material addition to our farming population
is imperative.

We have 22,439,129 acres of land in farms in North Carolina. Of
this amount of land, only 8,813,056 acres are improved. This leaves
13,626,073 acres of unimproved land in farms. It is evident that this
vast territory of nonproductive land should be brought under cultiva-
tion and made to contribute its share to the wealth of the State, and to
do this would require about twice our present farming population.

As pointed out above, our markets are calling for more than we are
producing, and, as a consequence, millions upon millions of dollars
worth of food and feed products are yearly being shipped into the State
from outside sources.

FOOD PEODUCTS SHIPPED INTO THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

DURING 1913.

Three years ago the Division of Botany and Agronomy was directed
to ascertain, as far as possible, the amount of food and feed products
shipped into the State during 1911. The results of that investigation
showed that around $39,000,000 worth of these products were shipped
into North Carolina during that year. This year, 1914, the Commis-
sioner of Agriculture again directed this Division to make a similar
investigation for the same purpose. Using the same method of investi-
gation as we used before, we addressed a letter to each of the railroad
companies operating inter-state lines of railroad, asking them to furnish
us with such data as might be available to show the amount of various
food and feed products shipped into the State over their lines during
1913.

We are pleased to state that all of the leading lines of railroads re-
sponded promptly to this request, except one, and gave us figures

The Bulletin. 17

taken directly from their books. The Seaboard Air Line and four
short lines of railroad failed to give us the data requested, and we
were forced to estimate the products shipped in over these short lines
in 1913 as the same as that shipped in over them during 1911. Since
the Coast line and the Seaboard Air Line traverse pretty much the same
territory we felt justified in estimating the shipments over these twa
lines as being about equal. This enables us to present fairly reliable
data showing the amount of food and feed products shipped into the
State over the different lines of railroads during 1913.

Southern Railway.

During the year 1913 the Southern Eailway shipped into the terri-
tory traversed by its lines 3,347,064 bushels of corn; 142,065 bushels of
wheat; 59,010 barrels of apples; 5,530,000 pounds of cured meat;
15,392,000 pounds of dressed beef; 2,880 cases of canned goods; 15,-
825,000 pounds of vegetables; 16,512 tons of hay, and 779 tons of feed-
stuifs.

Norfolh and Western Railroad.

The I^^orfolk and "Western Railroad shipped into the territory trav-
ersed by its lines during 1913, 2,712,292 bushels of corn ; 435,078 bushels
of wheat; 263,567 bushels of oats; 8,607 barrels of apples; 69,188
pounds of dried fruit; 1,529,088 pounds of cured meat; 895,886 pounds
of fresh pork; 21 barrels of barreled pork; 1,157,792 pounds of dressed
beef; 2,222 pounds of coraed beef; 2,955 pounds of butter; 113,631
pounds of cheese; 24,571 cases of canned goods ; 47,124 gallons of syrup ;
2,621 pounds of honey; 2,783 tons of hay; 10,578 tons of feedstufifs, and
2,650 dozen of eggs.

Winston^Salem Southbound.

During the year 1913 this branch of the Norfolk and Western
shipped into middle ISTorth Carolina 11,389 bushels of corn; 20,830
bushels of wheat; 53,860 bushels of oats; 611 barrels of apples; 16,065
pounds of dried fruit; 109,051 pounds of cured meat; 20,000 pounds of
fresh pork ; 2,000 pounds of corned beef ; 1,350 pounds of butter ; 8,050
pounds of cheese; 6,278 cases of canned goods; 14,800 gallons of syrup;
862 pounds of honey; 1,182 tons of hay; 866 tons of feedstuff, and 264
dozen eggs.

Atlantic Coast Line.

This road shipped into Eastern ISTorth Carolina during the year 1913
1,773,936 bushels of com; 1,649,8.50 bushels of wheat in the form of
flour, and 29,570 tons of hay.

Norfolh Southern Railway.

' This road shipped into Eastern N"orth Carolina during 1913 726,056
bushels of com ; 1,070,541 bushels of wheat in the form of flour ; 47,023
tons of mill feed; 17,857 tons of hay; 940,000 pounds of dressed meat;
13,078,000 pounds of other packing-house products and 2,762,000 pounds
of other animal products as leather, hides, butter, eggs, etc.

18 The Bulletin,

Seaboard Air Line Raihvay.

The estimated amounts of products shipped into that part of the
State traversed by this system during 1913 were 1,773,936 bushels of
corn; 1,649,850 bushels of wheat and 29,570 tons of hay.

Mount Airy and Eastern Railway.

This road shij^ped into the State from the North and "West during
1913, 12 bushels of corn; 242 barrels of apples; 2,300 pounds of dried
fruit; 53 cases of canned goods; 150 pounds of pork, and 99 bushels of
potatoes.

East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad.

This railroad shipped into the mountain section of North Carolina
during 1913 25,952 bushels of corn; 115 bushels of wheat; 13,576 bush-
els of oats;" 10,466 barrels of flour; 60 barrels of apples; 120 pounds of
dried fruit; 232,231 pounds of cured meat; 1,847 pounds of fresh pork;
1,149 pounds of dressed beef; 830 pounds of canned beef; 160 pounds
of butter; 8,373 pounds of cheese; 3,808 cases of canned goods; 38 gal-
lons of syrup; 3,659 pounds of honey; 140 pounds of vegetables; 241
tons of hay, and 802 tons of feedstuff. Estimated for 1913.

Danville and Western Railway.

It is estimated that this road shipped into Rockingham County during
1913 17,835 bushels of corn; 30,104 bushels of wheat; 7,161 bushels of
oats; 111,138 barrels of flour; 1,348 barrels of apples; 6,050 pounds of
dried fruit ; 133,528 pounds of cured meat ; 4,600 pounds of fresh pork ;
2,000 barrels of barreled pork; 3,580 pounds of corned beef; 872 pounds
of butter; 157,666 pounds of cheese; 6,591 cases of canned goods; 9,500
gallons of syrup; 1,638 pounds of honey; 96,000 pounds of vegetables
and 2,240 tons of hay and 1,045 tons of feedstuff.

Tallulah Falls Railway.

It is estimated that this short line of railroad shipped into Western
North Carolina during the period under discussion 7,643 bushels of
corn; 3,397 barrels of flour; 492,000 pounds of cured meat; 26 tons of
hay, and 85 tons of feedstuff.

Carolina, CUnchfield and Ohio Railway.

It is estimated that the Carolina, Clinchfield and Ohio Railway
shipped into Northwestern North Carolina during 1913 50,526 bushels
of corn; 173 bushels of wheat; 9,211 bushels of oats; 12,600 barrels of
flour; 52 barrels of apples; 182,925 pounds of cured meat; 3,606 pounds
of fresh pork ; 15 ^jarrels of barreled pork ; 450 pounds of dressed beef ;
30,051 pounds of corned beef; 215 pounds of butter; 7,043 pounds of
cheese; 14,718 cases of canned goods; 1,908 pounds of honey; 9,066 tons
of hay, and 4,939 tons of feedstuff.

The BuLLETiisr.

19

SHOWING AMOUNT OF FOOD AND FEED PRODUCTS SHIPPED INTO NORTH

CAROLINA DURING 1913.

Railroad

Corn
(Bushels)

Wheat
(Bushels)

Oats
(Bushels)

Apples
(Barrels)

Dried

Fruit

(Pounds)

Dried

Meat

(Pounds)

3.347,064

271,292

726,056

1,773,936

1,773,936

50,526

11,389

25,952

17,835

12

7,643

142,065

435,078

1,070,541

1,649,850

1,649,850

63,173

20,830

52,445

585,830

59,010

8,607

5,530,000

Norfolk & Western

263,567

69,788

1,529,088

Atlantic Coast Line

Spahoard Air Line

Car Clinchfield & Ohio*

9,211
53,860
13,576

7,161

52
611

60

1,348

242

182,925

Winston-Salem Southbound

E. Tenn. & W. N. C

Danville & Western*

Mount Airv & Eastern

16,065

120

6,050

2,300

109,051
232,231
133,528

Talulah Falls Rv.*

16,985

492,000

Totals

8,005,641

(^80c

$6,404,672.80

5,686,647

@ $1.00

$5,686,647.00

347,375
@ 50c
$173,687.50

69,930
@ $5.00
$349,650.00

94,323
@ 10c
$9,432.30

8,208,823

@12)^c
$1,027,102.87

*Estimated to be same as 1911.

Railroad

Fresh

Pork

(Pounds)

Barreled

Pork
(Barrels)

Dressed

Beef
(Pounds)

Corned

Beef
(Pounds)

Butter
(Pounds)

Southern

15,392,000

1,157,792

940,000

Norfolk & Western..

895,886

21

20,222

2,955

Norfolk Southern

Atlantic Coast Line . .

Seaboard Air Line

Carolina, Clinchfield & Ohio*. 3,606
Winston-Salem South Bound 20.000

15

450

30,051

2,000

830

3,580

215
• 1,350

E. Tenn. & W. N. C.*...

1,847

4,600

150

1,149

160

Danville & Western*

2,000

872

Mt. Airy & Eastern

Tallulah Falls Ry.* .

Totals-

926,089
@ 10c
$92,608.90

2,036
@$25
$50,900.00

17,491,391
@ 9c
$1,574,225.19

56,683
@ 12Hc
$7,085.25

5,552

@20c
$1,110.40

'Estimated to be same as 1911.

20

The Bulletin.

Railroads

Cheese
(Pounds)

Canned
Goods
(Cases)

Syrup
(Gallons)

Honey
(Pounds)

Vege-
tables
(Pounds)

Hay
(Tons)

Southern

2,880
24,571

15,825
15,825

16,512

Norfolk & Western

113,631

47,124

2,621

2,783

Norfolk Southern

17 857

Atlantic Coast Line

29,570

Seaboard Air Line

29,570

Car., Clinchfield & Ohio*...

7,043

8,050

8,373

157,666

14,718

6,278

3,808

6,591

53

1,908

862

3,659

1,638

9,066

Winston-Salem Southbound

14,800

38

9,500

1,182

E. Tenn. & W. N. C*

Danville & Western*

Mt. Airy & Eastern

140

96,000
4,954

241
2,240

Talulah Falls Ry.*.

26

Totals -

294,763
@12Hc
$36,845.37

58,899
@ $2.50
$147,247.50

71,462
@40c
$28,584.80

10,688
@ 10c
$1,068.80

132,740
@5c
$6,637.00

108,047

@$20
$2,160,940.00

*Estimated to be same as 1911.

Railroad

Feed StuEfs
(Tons

Miscellaneous

Packinghouse

Products

(Pounds)

Southern

779
10,578

47,023

Norfolk & Western .

Norfolk Southern . .. .......

13,078,000

Atlantic Coast Line ...

Seaboard Air Line

Carolina, Clinchfield & Ohio*

4,839
866
802

1,045

Winston-Salem Southbound

East Tennessee & Western North Carolina*

Danville & Western* . . . _ . . . . .

Mt. Airy & Eastern. ... . . ....

Talulah Falls Ry.*

85

Totals .

66,017
@$25
$1,650,425.00

13,078,000

@ 10c
$1,307,800.00

*Estimated to be same as 1911.

The Bulletin. 21

Table No. 9. — Showing Comparative Values of Food and Feed Products
Shipped Into North Carolina During 1911 and 1913.

1911. 1913.

Corn @ 80c. bushel $4,346,420.80 ' $6,404,672.80

Wheat @ $1.00 a bushel 4,378,316.00 . 5,686,647.00

Oats @ 50c. a bushel 119,966.00 173,687.00

Apples @ $5.00 a barrel 357,105.00 349,650.00

Dried fruit @ 10c. a pound 19,420.30 9,432.30

Cured meat @ 12y2C. a pound 6,666,429.62 1,027,102.87

Fresh pork @ 10c. a pound 37,664.30 92,608.90

Barreled pork @ $25 a barrel of 200 pounds. . 55,875.00 50,900.00

Dressed Beef @ 12y2C. a pound 12,937.00 7,085.25

Miscellaneous packing house products @ 10c. 1,307,800.00

Butter @ 20c. a pound 875.20 1,110.40

Cheese @ I21/2C. a pound 39,057.37 36,845.37

Canned goods @ $2.50 a case 116,257.50 147,247.50

Syrup @ 40c. a gallon 21,110.80 28,584.80

Honey @ 10c. a pound 789.50 1,068.80

Vegetables @ 5c. a pound 3,516,716.45 6,637.00

Hay @ $20 a ton 15,607,820.00 2,160,940.00

Feed stuffs— bran, shorts etc., @ $25 a ton. . . 2,225,625.00 1,650,425.00

Total $39,640,885.55 $20,716,671.68

Balance in faror of 1913 $19,124,213.87

Tlie above figures, most of wliich were taken direct from the books
of the different railroad companies doing an inter-state business, seem
to be the closest approximation possible to the actual facts, and while it
is not claimed that these figures are within even a million dollars of
correct, due to the impracticability of getting any but the leading items
of import, they still show that the state has decreased its imports
enormously within the last three or four years, and is thus waking to
the possibility and necessity of producing its own food supplies. Our
people are beginning to live at home.

THE BULLETIN^l^'^N.c

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

RALEIGH.

Vol. 35, No. 12. DECEMBER, 1914. Whole No. 204.

FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT

ON

FOOD ADULTERATION

UNDER THE PURE FOOD LAW

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Post-oflSce at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

K. W. Barnes Lucama Second District.

R. L. Woodard Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh ._ Fourth District.

R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McC.u,LUM _.Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale . Eighth District.

W. J. Shuford Hickory ...Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF.

W.A.GRAHAM. Commissioner.

ELLAS CARR Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Superintendent.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiCKEL Feed Chemist.

W. G. HA^^vooD Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar . Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart . Assistant Chemist.

J. R. Mullen ? Assistant Chemist.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

S. C. Clapp Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H- P- Flowe _. Assistant Veterinarian.

E. G. Hargett Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT : Horticulturist.

R. G. Hill,. Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

Miss Carrie Hudgins Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

R. L. Sloan. Assistant to Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Chemist and Chief, Division Food and Oillnspection.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. E. Bell__ Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

Leland B. Rhodes Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C.B.WILLIAMS Agronomist.

J. K. Pldmmer Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. \. Winters.... Plant Breeding.

G. M. Garren Assistant Agronomist in Crops.

*W. E. Hearn State Soil .\gent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins ..Soil Survey.

R. C. JuRfJEY Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

C. H. W.\LDRON Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss Louise A. Rademacher Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

tALViN J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combs Assistant in Dairy Farming.

IE. H.MATHEW.SON ...Tobacco Investigations.

tC. R. Hudson. Farm Demonstration Work.

IT. E. Browne Assistant in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

tA. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

IMrs. J.\ne S. McKimmon Assistant in Charge of Girls' Clubs.

tMiss Margaret Scott :.. Assistant in Girls' Clubs.

F. N. McDowell, Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

John H. Jefferies, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

F. S. PucKETT, Assistant Director Transylvania and Buncombe 'Test Farms, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

*Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

tin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Hon. W. a. Graham, ISTovember 1, 1914.

Commissioner of Agriculture,
Baleigh, N. C.
Sir: — I submit herewith manuscript covering the investigations that
have been made during the past year under the State Food Law, Chap-
ter 368, Laws of 1907. I recommend its publication as the December
BrLLETiN and Fifteenth Annual Food Report.

Respectfully submitted,

W. M. Allen,
Approved: State Food and Oil Chemist.

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

REPORT ON FOOD ADULTERATION FOR 1914.

By W. M. ALLEN, State Food and Oil Chemist,

ASSISTED BY

E. W. THORNTON, Assistant Chemist,
C. E. BELL, Assistant Chemist.

Report on Food Adulteration and the Enforcement of Food Law for
1914— the fifteenth annual report on the subject.

THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAW.

The State Food Law, chapter 368, Public Laws of North Carolina,
1907, makes it the duty of the State Department of Agriculture to en-
force the food law. The law provides that the Board of Agriculture
shall adopt and publish standards of strength and purity for food
products and regulations for the enforcement of the law. Such stand-
ards and regulations have been adopted and published in the Annual
Food Reports from time to time, as well as in pamphlet form, and have
been sent to the dealers of the State, and will be sent on application to
any citizen of the State.

The Department has spent a great deal of time and money during the
past fourteen years trying to show the dealers of the State the require-
ments of the food law and how to comply with the same. As the dealers
have now had time and opportunity to know the law and its require-
ments, it will be the policy of the Department to prosecute cases when
similar ones have in the past been dismissed because of lack of informa-
tion on the part of the dealer in regard to the law and its requirements.

EXTRACT FROM FOOD LAW.
NOTE ON".

The following extract from the Pure Food Law is very important, and
the same is herewith printed in order that the grocerymen may become
more familiar with the requirements of the law.

State Food Law, section 6, defines and describes what constitutes food
adulteration. Section 7 defines and describes what constitutes the mis-
branding of food products. Section 9 provides for a guaranty by which
the retail dealer may be exempt from prosecution for violation of the
1/iw.

EXTRACT FROM FOOD LAW.

Sec. 6. That for the purpose of this act an article shall be deemed to be
adulterated, in the case of food —

First. If any substance has been mixed or packed with it so as to reduce
or lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength.

6 The Bulletin.

Second. If any substance has been substituted, wholly or in part, for the
article.

Third. If any valuable constituent of the article has been wholly or in part
abstracted.

Fourth. If it be mixed, colored, powdered, coated, or stained in a manner
whereby damage or inferiority is concealed.

Fifth. If it contains any added poisonous or other added deleterious ingre-
dient which may render such article injurious to health. If it contains any
of the following substances, which are hereby declared deleterious and dan-
gerous to health when added to human food, to wit : colors which contain
antimony, arsenic, barium, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, ura-
nium, or zinc ; or the following colors : gamboge, corallin, picric acid, aniline,
or any of the coal-tar dyes ; saccharine, dulcin, glucin, or any other arti-
ficially or synthetically prepared substitute for sugar; paraffin, formalde-
hyde, beta-naphthol, abrastol, benzoic acid or benzoates, salicylic acid or
salicylates, boric acid or borates, sulphurous acid or sulphites, hydrofluoric
acid or any flourine compounds, sulphuric acid or potassium sulphate or wood
alcohol : Provided, that catsups and condimental sauces may, when the fact
is plainly and legibly stated in the English language on the wrapper and
label of the package in which it is retailed, contain not to exceed two-tenths
of one per cent of benzoic acid or its equivalent in sodium benzoate. Fer-
mented liquors may contain not to exceed two-tenths of one per cent of com-
bined sulphuric acid, and not to exceed eight-thousandths of one per cent of
sulphurous acid.

Sixth. If it consists in whole or in part of a filthy, decomposed, or putrid
animal or vegetable substance, or any portion of an animal unfit for food,
whether manufactured or not, or if it is the product of a diseased animal or
one that had died otherwise than by slaughter. In addition to the ways
already provided, sausage shall be deemed to be adulterated if it is composed
in any part of liver, lungs, kidneys, or other viscera of animals: Provided,
that the use of animal intestines as sausage casings shall not be deemed to be
an adulteration.

Seventh. If it differs in strength, quality, or purity from the standards of
purity of food products that have been or may be from time to time adopted
by the Board of Agriculture.

Sec. 7. That the term "misbranded," as used herein, shall apply to all
drugs or articles of- food, or articles which enter into the composition of food,
the package or label of which shall bear any statement, design, or device re-
garding such article or the ingredients or substances contained therein
which shall be false or misleading in any particular, and to any food or
drug product which is falsely branded as to the State, Territory, or country
in which it is manufactured or produced.

That for the purpose of this act an article shall also be deemed to be mis-
branded, in the case of food —

First. If it be an imitation of or offered for sale under the distinctive name
of another article.

Second. If it be labeled or branded so as to deceive or mislead the pur-
chaser, or purport to be a foreign product when not so, or if the contents of
the package as originally put up shall have been removed, in whole or in
part, and other contents shall have been placed in such package, or if it fail
to bear a statement on the label of the quantity or proportion of any mor-
phine, opium, cocaine, heroin, alpha or beta eucaine, chloroform, canabis
indica, chloral, hydrate or acetanilide, or any derivative or preparation of
any such substances contained therein.

Third. If in package form, and the contents are stated in terms of weight
or measure, they are not plafnly and correctly stated on the outside of the
package.

Fourth. If the package containing it or its label shall bear any statement,
design, or device regarding the ingredients or the subs.tances contained therein
which statement, design, or device shall be false or misleading in any particu-

The Bulletin. 7

lar: Provided, that an article of food which does not contain any added poi-
sonous or deleterious ingredients shall not be deemed to be adulterated or
misbranded in the following cases :

First. In the case of mixtures or compounds which may be now or from
time to time hereafter known as articles of food under their own distinctive
names, and not an imitation of or offered for sale under the distinctive name
of another article, if the name be accompanied on the same label or brand
with a statement of the place where said article has been manufactured or
produced.

Second. In the case of articles labeled, branded, or tagged so as to plainly
indicate that they are compounds, imitations, or blends, and the word "com-
pound," "imitation," or "blend." as the case may be, is plainly stated on the
package in which it is offered for sale : Provided, the labeling is according
to the rules prescribed by the Board of Agriculture : Provided, that the term
"blend," as used herein, shall be construed to mean a mixture of like sub-
stances, not excluding harmless coloring or flavoring ingredients used for the
purpose of coloring and flavoring only.

Sec. 9. That no dealer shall be prosecuted under the provisions of this act
when he can establish a guaranty signed by the wholesaler, jobber, manufac-
turer, or other party, residing in North Carolina, from whom he purchased
such article, to the effect that the same is not adulterated or misbranded
within the meaning of this act, designating it.

REGULATION ON LABELING.

A label must be, as far as possible, attached to each package, and con-
tain, in addition to other information, the name of the material, the
name and address of the manufacturer, importer, or jobber. When the
words "artificial," 'imitation," "compound," "adulterated," or other
words of similar import, are required, they must be on the principal
label and immediately precede or follow the word or words they modify,
which must be the principal word or words of the label, and be in at
least half the size and same style of type and on the same kind of back-
ground as the word or words with which they are closely associated.
The principal words in the label must be printed in either dark-colored
letters on a light-colored background or light-colored' letters on a dark-
colored background. Any statement that is required on the principal
label of a barrel or cask of molasses, molasses compound, sirup or com-
pound sirup, vinegar or compound vinegar, must appear on one end or
head of the barrel or cask; and if the principal label or any paii; of it
appears on both ends of barrel or cask, they shall be identical, one to
the other.

The label on bottled soft drinks must bear the name and address of
the bottler.

Where the presence of preservatives, coloring matter, or other sub-
stance or substances is required to be printed on the label, the printing
must be done clearly and conspicuously on the label, in type not smaller
than brevier heavy gothic caps, and on the same kind of background as
the rest of the label.

Retail dealers, while offering food or beverage for sale, must keep the
label so that it may be seen by purchaser or inspector, and the label must
be kept so that it will remain legible.

8 The Bulletin.

NOTICE TO LOCAL DEALERS.

The attention of local dealers is especially called to the sale of com-
pounds and imitations as straight food products. The sale of a com-
pound or imitation food product is legal, provided it. contains nothing
deleterious to health and is sold under its own name as a compound or
imitation, as the case may be. But the sale of a compound vinegar or
of an imitation or spirit vinegar as vinegar is a violation of the law.

The sale of butterine or renovated butter as butter is a violation of
the law.

The sale of a compound coffee and chiicory as tjoffee is a violation of
the law.

The sale of a compound sirup or a mixture of glucose or corn sirup
and refiners' sirup as sirup is a violation of the law.

The sale of filled cheese, or skina-milk cheese, or cheese below standard
in milk fat as cheese is a violation of the law.

The sale of compound ice-cream or an ice-cream below standard in
butter fat as ice-cream, without making the fact known to the purchaser,
is a violation of the law.

The sale of canned vegetables colored with copper sulphate is a viola-
tion of the law.

The attention of dealers is again especially called to the definitions
and standards for the above products, reported elsewhere in this Bul-
letin.

The Bulletin.

WORK OF THE YEAR 1914.

During the year, 1,323 samples of foods and beverages have been
analyzed.

SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS.

Name of Sample.

Number of

Samples
Examined.

Beers and imitation and near-beers* 34

Butter and butter substitutes 29

Cheese and skim-milk clieese ■--- 38

Cider and imitation ciders 26

Cinnamon extract... 5

Currants, figs, dates, and raisins 30

Coffee and coffee substitutes > — 58

Fish, salt mullets . ' 10

Ice-cream and ice-cream substitutes 1 165

Lard and lard compounds ' 15

Lemon extracts and lemon extract substitutes - ,.. : 86

Maple sirups and maple sirup substitutes 27

Milk and cream - HO

Milk, condensed 29

Miscellaneous samples 20

Molasses and sirups 185

Olive oils 6

Orange extract and substitutes 7

Peas, canned-- 23

Peppermint extract 6

Rice - 10

Sweet oils and substitutes 29

Vanilla extracts and substitutes j 64

Vinegar and vinegar substitutes - 311

Total 1.323

*Examined for alcohol only.

10

The Bulletin.

BEERS, IMITATION AND NEAR-BEERS.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Malt liquor is a beverage raade by the alcoholic fennentation of an
infusion, in potable water, of barley malt and hops, with or without
unmalted grains.

Beer is a malt liquor produced by bottom fermentation, and contains
not less than 5.00 per cent of extractive matter and 0.16 per cent of ash,
chiefly potassium phosphate, and not less than 2.75 per cent of alcohol
by volume.

Lager beer is beer which has been stored in casks for a period not less
than three months, and contains not less than 3,00 per cent of alcohol
by volume.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF

1

Material and Brand from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

12955

Beer, Imitation .

Council Bluffs Soda Water Co., Council Bluffs Iowa

13049

do

Washington Brewery Co., Washington, D C

13938

Beer_...

13283

do

Gottlieb-Bauernschmidt-Strauss Brewing Co., Baltimore, Md.
....do

n?M

....do

13?85

...do

....do

13168

Beer, Near _ ._

Southern Bottling Co., Baltimore, Md.

13162

do

....do

13064

....do

___do

13938

Beer, Imitation.

S. R. B. Association, Council Bluffs, Iowa

13930

Beverage, Temperance

Washington Brewery Co., Washington, D. C.

12925

Beer, Temperance

Southern Bottling Co., Baltimore, Md.

1?798

Beer

14178

do - -

Southern Bottling Co., Baltimore, Md.

14175

Beer, Near

....do

14176

Beer

....do

14177

Beer , Near

....do

13953

Beer, Imitation

Pabst Brewery Co., Milwaukee, Wis.

12801

do..

Washington Brewing Co., Washington, D C

12800
13576
13931
13059

Beer

Beer, Near

Beverage , Temperance,

Washington Brewing Co., Washington, D. C.

Beer, Imitation .

do

13060

do

13289

do.. -.

Cooperative Fruit Juice Corporation, Norfolk, Va

Robert Portner Brewing Co., Alexandria, Va

13290

do

13582

... do..

National Beverage Co., Chattanooga, Tenn

13436

....do

13437

....do

131^88

Beverage, Fermented Malt..

Frank SteU Bottling Dept., Baltimore, Md.

13?87

....do

do

13063
13932
13050

Beer _.

Beverage, Malt Brew

Beer, Home-made

*

The Bulletin.

11

The presence of alcoliol in these products is not objectionable under
the food law, and, therefore, no official samples Were examined.

The samples, the results of the examination of which are published
in table below, were sent to the Department for analysis by county and
city officials whose duty it is to enforce the prohibition law. This De-
partment has no authority or funds for work under the latter law, and
only determines the alcohol in samples for the above officials to assist
them in the performance of their duties.

As the samples were not official under the Food Law, they were only
tested for alcohol, as requested by the officials who sent them to the
Department.

BEERS, IMITATION AND NEAR-BEERS.

SB

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

O (U o

Remarks and Cpnclusions.

12955
13049
13928
13283
13284
13285
13168
13162
13064
13938
13930
12925
12798
14178
14175
14176
14177
13953
12801
12800
13576
13931
13059
13060
13289
13290
13582
13436

i3437
13288
13287
13063
13932
13050

Ahrens Bros., Wilmington

S.J. Betts, Raleigh __

H. F. Brooks, Smithfield

F. F. Brown, Policeman, Raleigh

do..-

do .

J. B. Burroughs, Dabney

....do.

R. G. Burroughs, Henderson

R. N. Cook, Sheriff, Graham

Otho Curl, Creedmoor

E. L. Gavin, Roseboro

W. J. May, Mayor, Spring Hope

Chief of Police, Murphy

do

do

do

Chief of Police, Plymouth

J. A. Pope, Policeman, Raleigh __

....do.-..

R. H. Salsbury, Hassell

Herbert Smith, Littleton

J. U. & S. T. Smith, Raleigh

..do

C. S. Smith, Ayden

-do

J. F. Spruill, Lexington

W. B. Strickland, Jr., Scotland Neck.

....do

W. J. Tate, Otila.

..-do

Mayor, Weldon...

D. O. Wilkins, Sheriff, Shelby.

0. 10 Imitation beer; sale illegal.
None Imitation beer.

4.66 Beer; sale illegal.
4.62 do.

4.67 do.
4.52 do.

2.00 Near-beer; sale illegal.

1.62 do.

2.23 do.

0.22 Imitation beer; sale illegal.

1.45 Near-beer; sale illegal.

1.85 do.

2.80 Beer of low order; sale illegal.

4.08 Beer; sale illegal.

1.96 Near-beer; sale illegal.

4.27 Beer; sale illegal.

1.95 Near-beer; sale illegal.

0.17 Imitation beer; sale illegal.

0.17 do.

3.57 Beer; sale illegal.

1.44 Near-beer; sale illegal.

0.40 Imitation beer; sale illegal.

0.22 Imitation beer.

0.07 do.

1.62 Near-beer; sale illegal.

0.12 Imitation beer.

0.25 Imitation beer; sale illegal.

0.22 Imitation beer; claims food value that it does

not contain; misbranded; sale illegal.
0.18 Imitation beer; sale illegal.
Imitation beer,
do.

3. 17 Beer; sale illegal.
2.12 Near-beer; sale illegal.
2.57 do.

12

The Bulletin.

BUTTER AND BUTTER SUBSTITUTES.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Butter is the clean, nonrancid product made by gathering in any man-
ner the fat of fresh or ripened milk or cream into a mass, which also
contains a small portion of the other milk constituents, with or without
salt, and contains not less than 82.50 per cent of milk fat and not more
than 16 per cent of water.

Eenovated butter, process butter, is the product made by melting but-
ter and working, without the addition or use of chemicals or any sub-
stance except milk, cream, or salt, and contains at least 82.50 per cent
of milk fat and not more than 16 per cent of water.

Oleomargarine, oleo or butterine, is a substitute for butter, made from
other and cheaper fats than butter.

Of the 29 samples of butter and butter substitutes examined, seven
were renovated or process butter. Of the 7 samples of process or
renovated butter examined, one was sold as process butter and the other
six were sold as butter or tub butter, in violation of the food law. In
the above six cases the inspector asked for butter or tub butter. Instead

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF

1.

Material
and Brand
from Label.

Sold by
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

im53

Cloverbloom

Yellow Rose-

Butter...

Armour & Co., Chicago, III

H. L. Belote & Co.. Norfolk,

Va.
John Best, Clinton, N. C, R. 3.
Blue Valley Creamery Co.,

Norfolk, Va.
....do

R. A. Montgomery, Wil-
mington.
W. H. Johnson, Greenville..

1?783

do

1?948

Butter, Country..
Butter..... . .

13215

Blue Valley

....do

S. C. Turnage, Smithfield..

12784

....do

13M5

do..

A. S. Capehart, Ronda

Joyner & Robbins, Rocky
Mount.

R. S. Jernegan, Dunn

R. C. Brown, Tarboro

Pppdin Xr Peterson Smith-

13220
13217

Process Buttsr

Butter, Tub

Butter, Country..
Butter, Tub

Butter. .

Christian & Munn, Rocky

Mount, N. C.

Doc. Elmo, Dunn, N. C

Fox River Butter Co., Norfolk,

Va.
Friedman Mfg. Co., Norfolk,

Va.
....do

13222
13214

Process Butter

12958

Friedman's Fancy

Process Butter.
....do...

Process Butter. .

field.
JolmRon & McOullprs

12957

Butter, Pure

. do

Raleigh.
W. B. Mann & Co., Raleigh.

W R Brothers Kdenton

12782

Green Leaf Clover,

Fancy.
Sulby Lodge Farm,

Pure Guernsey.

Butter

do ...

12944

....do

James 0. Gardner, Charlotte,

N. C.
W. J. Glass, Concord, N. C

S R Lpntz Charlotte

12954

Butter, Country..

F. S. Orr. Maxton

The Bulletin.

13

of getting butter, as asked for, he received process or renovated butter,
without any statement to that effect being made.

It seems to be quite a custom among the retail dealers' of the State to
buy process or renovated butter, plainly labeled process butter, and to
sell it at retail from the original package as butter.

The United States Department of Agriculture has amended Regula-
tion 21, governing the labeling of renovated butter, to read as follows :

"All coverings or wrappers of prints, bricks, or rolls of renovated butter,
whether paper or cloth, must have the words 'Renovated Butter' in one or
two lines, marked, branded, stenciled, or printed thereon in black or nearly
black upon white or light ground, in full-faced gothic letters not less than
three-eighths of an inch square, so placed as to be the only marking upon one
side or surface of the parcel so packed."

The Government authorities recognize the fact that renovated butter
is not butter and should not be sold as butter. The above regulation
makes it necessary for each package of renovated butter offered for sale
in interstate commerce to be labeled so as to plainly show that it is reno-
vated butter. The sale of renovated butter as butter is a violation of
the State Food Law, and if detected will have to be prosecuted.

BUTTER AND BUTTER SUBSTITUTES.

i

0

Foam Test.

1 g

Reading
Refractoi
40° C.

>

Is

Remarks and Conclusions.

12953

Negative

12.00

43.0

1.4545

Butter.

12783

7.98
14.10

44.0
43.0

1.4552
1.4545

Butter.

12948

Negative...

do.

13215!

14.21

46.0

1.4566

do.

12784

14.29

44.0
44.2

1.4552
1.4553

do.

13245

Water house Test,

do.

Positive.

13220

9.25

45.0

1.4559

Renovated butter, sold as butter; misrepresented; sale
illegal.

13217

19.31

45.0

1.4559

Butter, containing too much moisture; sale illegal.
Renovated butter, sold as tub butter; misrepresented; sale
illegal.

13222

13.08

45.0

1.4559

13214

12.06

46.0

1.4566

Butter.

12958

Foam Test,
Positive.

9.30

44.0

1.4552

Process butter.

12957

do

9.60

44.0

1.4552

Process butter, sold by dealer as butter; misrepresented;

*■

sale illegal.

12782

7.09

43.5

1.4548

Butter.

12944

Negative

9.80

43.0

1.4545

do.

12954

....do

12.70

43.0

1.4545

do.

14

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF

SB

^Material
and Brand
from Label.

Sold by
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retp.il Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

\^?,9A

Butter, Country-
Butter .

A. B. Jenkins, Pine Top, N. C.

n?.?4

Strawberry Cream-
ery Butter.
Process Butter

Tarboro.
Kingan & Co., Richmond, Va. .dirtis-Piprsnn_ Knfiplrl

\?i?AH

_...do

do...

J. B. Buckingham, Fay-

etteville.
J. T. Lee, Benson, R 2

13053

. do

137M

Butter

Mathias Owens, Elizabeth

13734

Butter

City,
do

13219

....do

Sanford Supply Co., San-
ford.
D. Lichtenstein, Tarboro...

■
C G Evans. Weldon

13223
13225

Carnation Process

Butter.
....do

Butter, Tub

Butter, Good Tub
Butter, Process.. -

Scott & Co., Norfolk, Va

do

1295fi

"Carnation," Per-
fect in Quality,
Guaranteed Ab-
solutely Pure
Process Butter.

...do

12959

Butter, Country

M Waller Monroe

1322fi

Butter

Charlie Williams, Win.ston-

Salem, N. C.
Mrs. John Wilson, Wilson Mills,

N. C.
W. I. Young, New York, N. Y..

Putnam Grocery Co., Win-
ston-Salem.

City Grocery Co., Smith-
field.

Baggett Bros. , Wilmington .

13216

Butter, Country..
Butter

12952

Young's Elgin
Creamery.

CHEESE.

Cheese is the sound, solid, and ripened product made from milk and
cream by coagulating the casein thereof with rennet or lactic acid, with
or without the addition of ripening ferments and seasoning, and con-
tains, in the water-free substance, not less than 50 per cent of milk fat.

Skim-milk cheese or part skim-milk cheese is the sound, solid, and
ripened product made from skim-milk or part skim-milk.

A product of this kind containing less than 50 per cent of milk fat in
the water-free substance must be sold as skim-milk cheese or as part
skim-milk cheese, as the case may be, or under some name that will
indicate to the purchaser that it is not a standard cheese.

On account of the way cheese is sold at retail, it is an easy matter for

The Bulletin.

15

BUTTER AND BUTTER SUBSTITUTES— CowfiwMed.

t3z

Foam Test.

IS

1^

Reading
Refractometer,
40* C.

>

Remarks and Conclusions.

nv.)

4.32
8.20
9.52

45.5

45.0

45.0

47.0
44.5

44.2
45.0

44.5

44.5

1.4562

1.4559

1.4559

1.4573
1.4555

1.4453
1.4559

1.4555

1.4555
1.4552

1.4545
1.4555

Butter, sold short weight; sale was illegal.

13??4

Butter.

13?18

Renovated butter, sold by dealer as butter; misrepresented;

13053

sale illegal.
Compound butter, containing fat other than milk fat.

13729

Butter.

13734

Good - -

do.

13219

13.21
12.13
14.26

do.

13??3

Renovated butter, sold as butter; misrepresented; sale

13??,i

illegal,
do.

12956

Positive

12.40 44.0

Process butter.

12959
13??6

Negative -.

12.90
5.29

43.0
44.5

Butter,
do.

13216

15.26 44.5

1.4555 do.

12952

Negative

8.70

43.0

1.4545

do.

a dealer to buy skim-milk cheese and sell same to his customers as
cheese, and it seems to be quite the practice to do so — at least, they often
sell skim-milk cheese as cheese.

A product made as above described, that contains less than 50 per
cent milk fat in the water-free substance, cannot be legally sold as cheese,
but must be sold as skim-milk cheese or part skim-milk cheese, as the
case may be.

The Food Law provides that if a food product is below standard, it is
deemed to be adulterated and its sale illegal.

Dealers are cautioned that the sale of skim-milk cheese as cheese is
illegal, and will have to be prosecuted under the Food Law.

The results of the examination of 38 samples, made during the year,
will be found in the table below, with conclusions drawn from same.

16

The Bulletin,

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF

yA'Z,

Material
and Brand
from Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

12781

13195

13196
13200
13201
12787
12774

13208

12946
12945
12785

12778

13204

12777

13213

13209

12773

13205

13210

12960
12779

13202

12951

12943

13203

12947
12949

12776

12780

12786

Cheese.

Tarbell.

Imperial Full
Cream Cheese.

Clover Brand, Full
Cream Cheese.

Antrim's Best.

.-do.
„do-
..do.
-do.

....do

....do

.-..do

....do

....do

Cheese, Full

Cream.
....do.

'Special"
Skimmed Milk.

Cheese

....do.

Cheese, Full

Cream.
....do

Cheese,

Cream.
Chee.se, Full

Cream.
Cheese,

Cream.
Cheese

Albemarle Grocery Co., Edenton,

N. C.
C. W. Antrim & Sons, Richmond,

Va.

....do

....do

....do.

....do

Armour & Co., Richmond, Va

Armour & Co., Lynchburg, Va....

Armour & Co

Armour & Co., Richmond, Va

Corkran & Hill Co., Baltimore,

Md.
....do

Davis' Famous Full
Cream Cheese.

Cheese, Full

Cream.
Cheese

-do.

Banquet Brand

Golden Rod, Full
Cream Cheese.

....do.
...do.

....do.

Ridgefield Cheese, Full

Cream.
..do

Cheese,
Cream.

. Cheese

do....

Davis Bros. Cheese Co., Ply-
mouth, Wis.

Friedmann Mfg. Co., Norfolk,
Va.

Goldsboro Grocery Co., Golds-
boro, N. C.

George J. Hales Co., Rocky
Mount, N. C.

Hancock Grocery Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.

Heath-Morrow Co., Monroe, N. C.

F. H. Hobbs & Co., Norfolk, Va..

Howard Grocery Co., Sanford,

I N. C.

Independent Ice Co., Wilming-
ton, N. C.

Jones & Kornegay, Mount Olive,
N. C.

Kingan & Co., Richmond, Va

....do

.iCheese, Full
I Cream.
. Cheese

May Flower, Fancy
Full Cream
Cheese.

..do....

E. A. Saunders Sons Co., Rich-
mond, Va.
:S. C. Sitterson, Kinston, N. C...

Southern Distributing Co., Nor-
folk, Va.

S. J. Stevens & Co., Cincinnati,
Ohio.

E. W. Burton, Edenton

S. C. Turnage, Smithfield....

City Grocery Co., Smithfield.

C. V. Williams & Co., Hamlet
Lee Store Co., Sanford

D. T. Worley & Co., Selma...
W. M. Smith, Goldsboro

Reidsville Brokerage Co.,
Reidsville.

A. H. Caldwell, Charlotte

Lopp Bros., Lexington

R. C. Cannon & Son, Ayden..

E. A. Cherry, Morehead City.

M. C. Forbes, Wilson

Kinston Peanut Co., Kinston.

Meador Supply Co., Madison.

J. H. & W. F. Low, Greens-
boro.
Mrs. L. B. Bass, Goldsboro...

J. R. Cutrell, Rocky Mount..

J. H. Weisner, Winston-Salem

Helms & Huntley, Monroe...
C. V. Hill, Beaufort

W. T. Buchanan, Sanford

Steljes & Co., Wilmington

J. W. Alphin, Mount Olive...

Carroll Grocery Co., Wilson..

Aman Grocery Co., Clinton..
Finch Bros., Lexington

Stroud Bros., Kinston...

W. H. Bowen, Belhaven

R. A. Shaheen, .\yden-

The Bulletin.

17

CHEESE AND CHEESE SUBSTITUTES.

Milk Fat, Water-
Free Basis —
Per Cent.

Reading
Refractometer
on Fat, 40° C.

Refractive
Index.

1 §

Remarks and Conclusions.

12781

56.00

47.0

1.4573

30.90

Cheese.

13195

47.00

46.0

1.4566

32.19

Cheese, below standard in milk fat; adulterated; sale illegal.

13196

40.00

46.0

1.4566

29.91

do.

13200

52.99

46.4

1.4569

32.72

Cheese.

13201

55.85

46.5

1.4569

31.46

do.

12787

51.12

46.5

1.4569

33.51

do.

12774

54.94

46.5

1.4569

31.61

do.

13208

50.07

46.0

1.4566

32.66

do.

12946

57.20

46.0

1.4565

30.90

do.

12945

60.00

46.0

1.4565

32.80

do.

12785

52.79

46.5

1.4569

33.53

do.

12778

22.79

46.5

1.4569

43.07

Skim-milk cheese, sold by dealer as full cream cheese; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

13204

54.12

47.0

1.4573

33.62

Cheese.

12777

43.29

47.0

1.4573

32.74

Cheese, below standard in milk fat; adulterated; sale illegal.

13213

50.64

46.0

1.4566

28.49

Cheese.

13209

42.40

46.0

1.4566

29.88

Cheese, from part skim-milk; below standard; misbranded; sale illegal.

12773

56.62

46.5

1.4569

34.70

Cheese.

13205

44.69

46.5

1.4569

33.32

Cheese, below standard in milk fat; misbranded; sold as cheese; sale
illegal.

13210

50.31

46.5

1.4569

32.89

Cheese.

12960

46.30

46.0

1.4565

32.30

Cheese, below standard in milk fat; adulterated; sale illegal.

12779

42.18

47.0

1.4573

33.37

do.

13202

52.00

46.0

1.4566

32.80

Cheese.

12951

55.00

46.0

1.4565

33.90

do.

12943

55.70

46.0

1.4565

34.70

do.

13203

50.02

47.0

1.4573

35.86

do.

12947

58.30

46.0

1.4565

37.60

do.

12949

58.60

46.0

1.4565

33.40

do.

12776

48.31

47.2

1.4574

35.64

•
Cheese, below standard in milk fat; sale illegal.

12780

52.70

46.5

1.4569

31.20

Cheese.

12786

48.05

46.5

1.4569

33.68

Cheese, from part skim-milk; below standard; misbranded; sale illegal.

18

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF

Material
and Brand
from Label.

Sold by
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13212

Cheese, Tarbell

Cheese

Cheese, Full

Cream.
Cheese

do

Swift & Co., Winston-Salem

Swift & Co., Richmond, Va

Swift & Co., Rocky Mount, N. C.

Swift & Co., Fayetteville, N. C...
...do

do

Putnam Grocery Co., Win-
ston-Salem.
Eugene Johnston, Littleton...

Kelly Bryant & Bro., Rocky

13206

13197

Mount.
J L Tatum Fayetteville

13198
13199

do

Ho

J. J. Thrower & Co., Red
Springs.

W. G. Dean, Red Springs

Woodleigh Grocery Co.,

13?!11

do

Winston Grain Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.
W. I. Young & Co., New York,

N. Y.

12950

Fancy Full Cream
Cheese.

-—do

Winston-Salem.
Holmes Grocery Co., Wil-
mington.

CIDER AND IMITATION CIDERS.

Cider is a product made by the normal alcoholic fermentation of apple
juice, and the usual cellar treatment, and contains not more than 7 per
cent of alcohol by volume, not less than 2 per cent and not more than
12 per cent of solids, not more than 8 per cent of reducing sugars, and
not less than 0.2 per cent nor more than 0.4 per cent- of cider ash.

Cider, to comply with the North Carolina Food Law, must be made
entirely of unadulterated apple juice. A product made from the juice
of any other fruit than apples, if offered for sale, must bear the name of
the fruit from which it is made. If artificial color or flavor is added,
the fact must be stated on the label, and the product must be sold as a
compound or an imitation cider; otherwise it will be classed as adulter-
ated or misbranded, and the sale prohibited.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF

B ^

■2B

Si,

Name of Material.
Sample Sent for Analysis.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13238 Cider

13237. ...do *.

13239 ....do

13247 Cider Compound

14149 Cider, Imitation _-_

13058 Beverage

13062 Cider

12534!. ...do

13580 Re- Vi-Co (Richmond Vinegar Co., Richmond,

J I Va.

Dr. N. H. Andrews, Pembroke.

..--do

....do

C. G. Armfield, Elkin

M. V. Barnhill, Rocky Mount, .

A. B. Boykin

B. F. Bray, Hertford

F. P. Bullard, Roseboro

W. L. Burroughs, Dabney

The Bulletin.

19

CHEESE AND CHEESE SJJBSTITVTES— Continued.

2'^

m

:3 03 C!
few =B

— i 0) t-

• " t. i^ ■ » « CI

gfe(:^ rtrt o

SO

13212 50.02

13207

13206

13197
13198

13199
13211

12950

50.61

52.13

50.23
46.40

50.40
48.00

49.40

46.0

46.5

46.5

46.0
46.0

46.0
46.0

46.0

tf

1.4566

1.4569

1.4569

1.4566
1.4566

1.4566
1.4566

1.4565

I ©
SO

34.75

30.27

27.59

30.97
27.39

27.55
34.12

32.00

Remarks and Conclusions.

Cheese,
do.
do.
do.

Cheese, below standard in milk fat; adulterated; sale illegal.

Cheese.

Cheese, slightly below standard in milk fat; sale illegal.

do.

The sale of compound and imitation cider is legal, provided it con-
tains nothing deleterious to health and is sold under its own name, com-
pound cider, or imitation cider; but the sale of a compound cider or
imitation cider as cider is a violation of the law.

The 26 samples reported below were sent to the Department by city
and county officials whose duty it is to enforce the prohibition law. The
Department has no authority of law or funds for work under the pro-
hibition law, but as the State makes no provision for the determination
of alcohol in beverages, and as it is necessary to know the amount of
alcohol present in many cases to enforce the law, the Department of
Agriculture does this work when it can be done without interfering with
the duties of the Department.

CIDERS AND IMITATION CIDERS.

2 ^'

^o>

Remarks and Conclusions.

13238 7.95 Cider; imitation; .sale illegal.

13237 6.82 do.

13239| 7.70 Compound cider; sale illegal.

132471 6.35 Compound cider; intoxicating; sale illegal.

14149 4.85 Compound cider; artificially flavored; sale illegal.

13058, 10.39 Compound cider; sale illegal.

13062 8.22 do.

12534; 3.66iCompoundcider.

13580 7. 15 Compound cider; sale illegal.

20

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF

1.

Name of Material.
Sample Sent for Analysis.

Manufactvirer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

ii^fifii

Cider

Frisco Cider Co., St. Louis, Mo

J. M. Davis, Statesville

1^798

Cider, Compound _

L. M. Glazener, Rosman ..

1M11

Cider, Imitation.

C. E. Harrell, Aulander

13949

Cider

J. M. Mabry, Concord

13737

Cider, Apple

M.W.Nash, Hamlet

13434

Cider ._.

Mrs. J. W. Railings, Indian Trail .

13575

....do...

R. H. Salsbury, Hassell

13574

do..

do

13?44

....do -■

J. F. Spruill, Lexington

1324?

-...do .

...do --

13?43

...-do. -

do

13M1

---do

-...do - --- -.

12939

-..-do

C. F. Sumner, Hertford

13579
12691

-—do

do

E.I. Whitehead & Co., Louisville,
Ky.
do .

Bailey Lumber Co., Penland

J. M. Deaton, Statesville

13499

do

J. A. Wiggs, Wilson .- 1

13054

Cider, Imitation

T. C. Williford, Aulander

CINNAMON EXTRACT.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Cinnamon extract is the flavoring extract prepared from oil of cinna-
mon, and contains not less than 2 per cent by volume of oil of cinnamon.

Oil of cinnamon is the lead-free volatile oil obtained from the bark
of the Ceylon cinnamon tree, and contains not less than 65 per cent by
weight of cinnamic aldehyde and not more than 10 per cent by weight
of eugenol.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION

2J

13547

13548

10900
13549

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

Cinnamon Extract, McNeal's

Standard.
Cinnamon Extract, Best by

Test.

Cinnamon Extract -

13546(Cinnamon, Our Seal Brand--.

Kent Drug Co., Baltimore, Md...

Sampson Drug Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.

Surry Drug Co. , Elkin, N. C

Winston Drug Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.

Vaughn-Crutchfield Co., Win-
ston-Salem, N. C.

W. A. Whitaker, Apex

J. S. Needham, Pilot Mountain.

Elkin Grocery Co., Elkin _

A. N. Swanson, Pilot Mountain-
Finch Bros., Lexington

The Bulletin.

21

CIDERS AND IMITATION CIDERS— Continued.

-Si

12661
12798
12911
13949
13737
13434
13575
13574
13244
13242
13243
13241
12939
13579

12691
13499
13054

o <u o

5.00

Remarks and Conclusions.

Imitation cider; sale illegal.

5.37 Compound cider; intoxicating; sale illegal.

0.20 Imitation cider.

0.20 Compound cider.

5.86 Cider; intoxicating; sale illegal,

2.57 Compound cider; sale illegal.

6.90 Compound cider; intoxicating; sale illegal.

6.87' do.

0.30 Imitation cider.

6.97 Compound cider; sale illegal.

3.92! do.

5.20 do.

9.95 do.

7.48 do.

5.00 Compound cider; intoxicating; sale illegal.
6.45 Cider; intoxicating; sale illegal.
Imitation cider.

Only five samples of cinnamon extract were examined, one of Avhicli
is below standard, containing only 0.60 per cent of cinnamon oil, when
it should contain not less than 2 per cent of oil, and is, therefore, adul-
terated. One of the five* samples was branded Cassia Cinnamon, when
it was an extract. Cinnamon is the bark of the cinnamon tree, and not
an extract. The sale of the sample as cinnamon extract would be legal,
but its sale as cinnamon is illegal.

OF CINNAMON EXTRACTS.

a orr

13547 2.00

13548

10900
13549

13546

0.60

2.00
2.00

2.40

o 01

67.20

39.12
45.40

Remarks and Conclusions.

Cinnamon extract.

Cinnamon extract, below standard; adulterated; misbranded; sale illegal.

Cinnamon extract.

Cinnamon extract, claims 50 per cent alcohol; contains 39.12 per cent.

Cinnamon extract; is branded cassia cinnamon; misbranded. It is an extract and not
cinnamon; sale as cinnamon illegal.

22

The Bulletin.

COFFEE AND COFFEE SUBSTITUTES.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Coffee is the seed of a small tree, cofifea, whose fleshy fruit is about the
size of a small cherry, and contains two seeds joined on their flat sides,
which when freed from the pulp and the enveloping membrane are the
coffee beans of commerce.

Roasted coffee is coffee which by the action of heat has become brown
and developed its characteristic aroma, and contains not less than 10 per
cent of fat and 3 per cent of ash.

The principal action or stimulating constituent of coffee is caffeine,
a white, bitter crystallizable substance.

The principal material which is used to mix with and adulterate
coffee is chicory, though cereals and leguminous seeds, such as wheat,
rye, barley, beans, and peas are often used. Many brands of so-called
coffee on the market contain from 20 to 60 per cent of chicory. The
manufacturers of these products generally claim that the chicory is
added, not to adulterate, but to actually improve the quality and to give

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF

Qi

2^

Material and Brand
from Label.

13254 'Coffee and Chicory, Honey-
i moon.

14198!Dixieland Coffee-.

13280JCoffeo, Morara Brand

12894 ....do

14188,Coffee and Chicory, Good
Luck Brand.
Coffee and Chicory, Premium
Brand.

13264 Coffee, Pure, Valri

13260 Coffee and Chicory, "Norso-
lina."

Coffee, Ground, Tokoco

-...do

13267 Coffee, Tokoco _..

13261:Coffee, Old Brazil Brand. ..

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

12896

13278
13268

American Coffee Co., New Orleans, Peedin & Peterson, Smithfield..

La.

do Frank Foster, Asheville

C. W. Antrim & Sons, Richmond, Thomas Grocery Co., Wilming-

Va. ton.

do J. L. Starkey, Greenville

Aragon Coffee Co., Richmond, Va.. Roberts Grocery Co., Shelby...

...do.

.do.

.do.

13274

13279;Coffee, Pure, Autocrat.

Austin-Nichols Co., New York,

N. Y.

Bowers Bros., Richmond, Va

....do...

..do...

Brazil Syndicate R. & B. Co., New

York, N. Y.

....do

Brownell & Field Co., Providence,

R.I.
Carhart & Bros., New York, N. Y...

14192:Coffee and Chicory, Carhart's
! Country Blend.

14191, Coffee, Cook's Choice Brand. jCook & Harris, Concord, N. C

13255!Coffee and Chicory, Danne- (Dannemiller Coffee Co., Brooklyn,

J. Long, Greenville.

J. M. Ellington, Oxford...
J. H. Newsom, Littleton.

W. D. Thomas & Co., Warsaw..
O. F. Brown, Winston-Salem...

A. W. Norwood, Graham

Eugene Johnston, Littleton

Smith Grocery Co., Lexington..
W. H. Turley, Wilmington

W. P. Surles, Dunn.

miller's 10c.
1289liCoffee, Choice Rio, No. 1

N. Y.
J. T. Davenport, Morehead City,
N. C.

Cook & Harris, Concord

W. H. Adams, Dunn ^.

J. B. Sawyer, Morehead City...

The Bulletin.

23

strength to the coffee. This claim is misleading to the puhlic. Roasted
chicory contains a large amount of caramel and starchy matter, that
impart to the product, when made into a liquid for use as a beverage,
a black, thick, soup-like appearance. The effect produced in coffee by
chicory can no more correctly be regarded as adding strength to the
coffee than- if so much roasted starch and caramel had been added to it.
Chicory is not added to coffee to give it strength, hut to cheapen the
product.

The addition of chicory or any other substance to coffee, without
stating the fact on the label, is a violation of the law. Chicory and
cereals cost less than one-fifth the price of coffee. Then, why pay the
price of coffee for chicory and cereals when the latter are mixed with
coffee ?

Fifty-eight samples of these products were examined, and all were
properly branded except three. They were branded Coffee and Chicory,
when the chicory, being in excess, should come first in the name, and
read Chicory and Coffee.

The results of the examination are published in the table below.

COFFEE AND COFFEE SUBSTITUTES.

o >.

Li

Remarks and Conclusions.

2.S
.SB

>3l

•3 >

Q, U

% u

6^

so

13254

1.01965

48.00

52.00

Chicory and coffee, chicory being in excess, it should come first on label.

14198

1.00954

100.00

00.00

Coffee.

13280

1.01039

100.00

00.00

Coffee.

12894

1.01019

100.00

00.00

do.

14188

1.01824

57.00

43.00

Coffee and chicory.

12896

1.02531

16.00

• 84.00

Chicory and coffee, chicory being much in excess, should be first on label;
mi.sbranded; sale illegal.

13264

1.00970

100.00

00.00

Coffee,

13260

1.01792

57.00

43.00

Coffee and chicory.

13278

1.00907

100.00

00.00

Coffee.

13268

1.00953

100.00

00.00

do.

13267

1.00970

100.00

00.00

do.

13261

1.01005

100.00

00.00

do.

13274

1.01020

100.00

00.00

do.

13279

1.01047

100.00

00.00

do.

14192

1.01249

89.00

11.00

Coffee and chicory.

14191

1.01038

100.00

00.00

Coffee.

13255

1.02098

40.00

60.00

Chicory and coffee; misbranded; should be branded chicory and coffee;
sale illegal.

12891

1.00997

100.00

00.00

Coffee.

24

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF COF

5 S

M

12892

14190

14189
14182

13272
14197

Material and Brand
from Label.

Coffee, Choice Rio, No. 1

Coffee, Middlese.x Brand

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

S. .T. HarreU & Son, Morehead
City.

J. T. Davenport, Morehead City,
N.C.

Dwinell-Wright Co. , Boston and ; Lipard & Barrier, Concord

Chicago. !

do H. L. Parks & Co., Concord

do [Bradford Grocery and Produce

Co., StatesvUle.
Coffee, Good, Caraja Brand .; do W. H. Moffitt, Lexington

Coffee, Tip Top

Coffee, No. 2, Excellent.

14186
13263

12895
14181

13250

A. Englehard & Sons Co.. Louis-
ville, Ky.

B. Fischer & Co., New York, N. Y.-
James G. GUI, Norfolk, Va

-do-

Coffee, Guaranteed Pure,
Grandma's Cup.

Coffee, Queen Quality

Coffee, Pure, Ellington's
Special.
13252 Coffee and Chicory, A uto

Superior. i

Coffee, Full Dress ; do

Coffee, Sovereign Brand- Edwin J. Gillies & Co., New York,

N. Y.

Premium Brand - Globe Coffee and Molasses Co.,

New Orleans, La.

Coffee, Perfection, Java Martin L. Hall & Co., Boston, Mass

Coffee, Special Brand ; do

H. M. Flynn, Hendersonville..-

E. B. Hackburn, New Bern

Ellington Grocery Co., Hen-
derson.
W. J. Barbour & Sons, Clayton-

J. L. Star key, Greenville -
G. H. Shaver, Salisbury--

13256
12897
13259

14187
13257

13258
13262

Coffee and Chicory, Pride of
Carthage.

Coffee, Virginia Dare

Coffee and Chicory Com-
pound, Sampson Brand.

Coffee, Honey Drip Brand...

B. Hurwitz & Bro., Carthage, N. C

Clayton Department Store,
Clayton.

A. S. Melvin, Fayetteville

R. A. Shaheen, Ayden ---

B. Hurwitz & Bro., Carthage--

Imperial Coffee Co., Richmond, Va. B. T. Barker & Co., Gastonia.
Levering Coffee Co., Baltimore, Nisbet & Womble, Sanford...

Md.
do do

Coffee, Handicap .i do.

.-- : Ballard-Cheatham Co., Frank-

! ' linton.

13265 Coffee and Chicory, Com- do -Pettigrew & King Grocery Co.,

pound, Largo. i j Biu-lington.

12893 do do --IV. D. Jones, Edenton

13276 Rhyne Bros., Charlotte, N. C. Merchants Coffee Co. Baltimore,

Md.

14196 Coffee and Chicory, Gold Mustin-Robertson Co., Asheville,
Seal. I N. C.

13270 Coffee and Chicory, Pointer., New Orleans Coffee Co., New

I Orleans, La.

13275 Coffee, Roasted, Van Every's The North State Coffee Co., Char-
Best Blend. i lotte, N. C.

14194 Coffee and Chicory, Suwanee Potter-Sloan-O'Donohue Co., New .John R. Smith, Walnut Cove
River. York, N. Y.

13251 Coffee and Chicory, Elephant! do

Compound.

13266 Coffee and Chicory, Our lE. A. Saunders & Sons Co., Rich

Dime. mond, Va.

13281 Coffee, White Rose |Seeman Bros., New York, N. Y..

14183

13273
14195

Rhyne Bros., Charlotte

E. S. Harrold, Waynesville

W. W. Thomas, Mount .\iry

C. M. Fite, Charlotte -

Coffee, Carolina Special Slayden-Fakes & Co., Asheville,

I N.C.

Coffee, Smith's Favorite ISmith Grocery Co., Lexington, N.C.

Coffee and Chicory, Gold Southern Coffee Mills, New Orleans,
Medal. •■ La.

W. J. Barbour & Sons, Clayton.
Cobles Grocery Co., Burlington

J. T. Pinkston & Son, Wades-

boro.
W. F. McPeeters & Co., Marion.

Smith Grocery Co., Lexington..
J. H. Weisner & Co., Winston-
Salem

The Bulletin.

25

FEE AND COFFEE SUBSTITUTES— Continued.

"S >

12892

14190

14189
14182

13272
14197

14186
13263

13252

12895
14181

13250

13256
12897
13259

14187
13257

13258
13262

13265

12893
13276

14196

13270

13275

14194

13251

13266

13281

14183

13273
14195

1.01005

1.01042

1.01014
1.01038

1.01043

1.00988 1

1.01050
1.01021

1.01288

1.01033
1.01005

1.01492

1.01041
1.01008
1.01534

1.01002
1.01710

1.01003
1.01008

1.01828

1.01554
1.01035

1.01452

1.01832

1.01009

1.01771

1.01722

1.01650

1.01067

1.01024

1.00960
1.01744

100.00

100.00

100.00;
100.00

100.00
100.00

100.00
100.00

84.00

100.00
100.00

73.00

100.00

100.00

72.00

100.00
61.00

100.00
100.00

55.00

69.00
100.00

78.00

55.00

100.00

60.00

60.00

65.00

100.00

100.00

100.00
62.00

Remarks and Conclusions.

00.00

00.00

00.00
00.00

00.00
00.00

00.00
00.00

16.00

00.00
00.00

27.00

00.00
00.00
28.00

00.00
39.00

00.00
.00.00

45.00

31.00
00.00

22.00

45.00

00.00

40.00

40.00

35.00

00.00

00.00

00.00
38.00

Coffee.

do.

do.
do.

do.
do.

do.
do.

Coffee and chicory.

Coffee,
do.

Coffee and chicory.

Coffee,
do.
Coffee and chicory.

Coffee.

Coffee and chicory.

Coffee,
do.

Coffee and chicory.

do.
Coffee.

Coffee and chicory.

do.
Coffee.
Coffee and chicory.

do.

do.
Coffee.

do.

do.
Coffee and chicory.

26

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF COF

^ 5

14185

13277
13271

13269

13253

14184

13282

14193

Material and Brand
from Label.

Coffee, C. D. M. Brand.

Coffee, Pure, "Good Koffy'
Coffee, Vacuum Treated

Coffee and Chicory, R. T..

Coffee and Chicory, Daily

Delight.
Coffee and Chicory, Mogul

Brand.
Coffee, Roasted, Brownie---

Coffee and Chicory, Glen
Raven.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Southern Coffee Mills, New Orleans

La.
-.-do....

Sprague, Warner & Co., Chicago,

111.
The Reily-Taylor Co., New Orleans,

La.
....do.

F. W. Wagner & Co., Charleston,

S. C.
R. C. WUliams & Co., New York,

N. Y.
Woodson Spice Co., Toledo, Ohio.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

E. A. Walters, LaGrange.

L. C. McCullen, Mount Olive..
W. H Moffitt, Lexington

Kirby & Tilley, Winston-Salem.
J. G. Barbour & Sons, Clayton.

W. A. Davis, Asheville

C. N. Bruner, Wadesboro

Spray Mercantile Co., Spray

CURRANTS, FIGS, DATES, AND RAISINS, DRIED.
DEFINITIONS.

Fruits are the clean, sound, edible, flesli fructifications of plants, dis-
tinguished by their sweet, acid, and ethereal flavor.

Dried fruit is the clean, sound product made by drying mature, prop-
erly prepared, fresh fruit in such a way as to take up no harmful sub-
stance, and conforms in name to the fruit used in its preparation.

Thirty samples of dried figs, currants, dates, and raisins were exam-
ined. The examination was physical, and the object was to see if they
were in good condition, free from worms, bugs, etc., and fit for human
food.

Some of the samples were taken in the winter and others during the

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

14089 Currants, Ensign C. W. Antrim & Sons, Richmond, W. D. Hightower, Reidsville...

j Va.

14099 Currants, Gold Medal Brand. do R. C. Poore, Mount Airy

14100 Currants, Cleaned, Ensign do Galloway & Jackson, Mount

j Brand. Airy.

14293 Dates, Golden Sunbeam Austin-Nichols Co., New York, J. R. Ferrall & Co., Raleigh . . _

N. Y.

14289 Dates, Pitted, Sunbeam do S. R. Lentz, Charlotte

14288 Figs, Dried, Sunbeam . do ._.' do

14284!Figs do S. H. Youngblood, Charlotte..

The Bulletin.

27

FEE AND COFFEE SUBSTITUTES— CowimMeo!.

Laboratory
Number.

Specific
Gravity.

6^

Remarks and Conclusions.

14185

1.01010

100.00

00.00

Coffee.

13277

1.00973

100.00

00.00

do.

13271

1.00981

100.00

00.00

do.

13269

1.01532

72.00

28.00

Coffee and chicory.

13253

1.01724

60.00

40.00

do.

14184

1.01946

50.00

50.00

do.

13282

1.01015

100.00

00.00

Coffee.

14193

1.01438

79.00

21.00

Coffee and chicory.

summer months. The samples taken during the winter were found to
be in good condition, but sixteen of those taken after the weather was
warm contained worms, bugs, etc., and were unfit for food.

The law says that a product shall be deemed to be adulterated if it
consists in whole or in part of a filthy, decomposed, or putrid animal
or vegetable substance, or is otherwise unfit for food.

That such fruit containing worms, bugs, and excrement from same is
unfit for food no one would deny. That being the case, dealers are
cautioned about offering such fruit for sale during warm weather, when
they are so likely to be in bad condition. If offered for sale after the
weather is warm, such products should be looked into to see that they
are all right.

DRIED FIGS, CURRANTS, DATES, AND RAISINS.

S ^

Remarks and Conclusions.

14089

14099
14100

14293

142«9
14288
14284

Currants, dried; condition bad; unfit for food; contained bugs; sale illegal.

do.
Currants, dried.

Dates, dried.

Dates, pitted, dried.
Figs, dried,
do.

28

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF DRIED FIGS.

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

14286

14086
14093

14291
14097

14098

14090

14088

Dates, Golden Dried-

Raisins, Seeded, Consort. .-
Currants, A. & P. Cleaned,

Grandmother's Brand.

Dried Figs

Raisins, Seeded, Souvenir

Choice.
Currants, Washed, Vigilant

Brand.
Dates, Jack Horner

Currants, Crystal Brand

Austin-Nichols Co., New York, L. L. Surratt, Charlotte

N. Y.

J. K. Armsby Co., Fresno, Cal jS. F. Watkins, Reidsville

A. & P. Tea Co., Jersey City, N. J.Ja. & P. Tea Co., Greensboro...

Castle Bros., Fresno, Cal.

14287 Dates, Dried, Valca.

14292 Raisins, Seeded

14095 Dates, Ding Dong..

14092 Currants, Cleaned, Crown

Brand.
14102 Dates, Golden, Taste Like

More.
. Currants, Vigilant Brand...

14091

Reidsville Grocery Co., Reidsville,
N. C.

14096 Raisins, Seeded, Premier
; Brand.

14101 ....do.

14290 Figs, Stuffed

14087 Currants, Cleaned, Purity
i Brand.

14281! Raisins, Seeded

14094 Prunes, Finest Selected, Gold Vaughn & Co., Winston-Salem
Medal Brand. j N. C.

14282 Dates, Dried .-|

14283, Raisins, Seeded

14285jFigs, Burbulia

Boyd-Garner Co., Charlotte

J. J. Adams & Sons Co., Win-
ston-Salem.
White Star Co., Winston-Salem.

Cromer Bros. & Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.
U. H. Dudley & Co., Philadelphia, iW. D. Hightower, Reidsville
Pa.

B. S. Janney, Jr., & Co., Philadel- ;W. P. Ware, ReidsvUle

phia. Pa

J. F. Jamison & Co., Charlotte.
Johnson & McCullers, Raleigh..
Moser Cash Store, Winston-
Salem.
M. J. Jeffries, Greensboro

Frank P. Kruger, New York, N. Y..

....do -..:

....do

Francis H. Leggett & Co., New
York, N. Y.
..do

W. B. Church, Asheville.

Leaksville Mercantile Co.,
Leaks ville.

Moser Cash Store, Winston-
Salem.

E. S. Harold, Waynesville. . .

S. R. Lentz, Charlotte

S. F. Watkins, Reidsville

Smith Grocery Co.. Lexington..
A. P. Grizzard, Winston-Salem.

S. H. Youngblood, Charlotte...

..do .

..do

ICE-CREAM AND ICE-CREAM SUBSTITUTES.
DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Ice-cream is a frozen product made from cream and sugar, with or
without a natural flavoring, and contains not less than 10 per cent of
milk fat.

Fruit ice-cream is a frozen product made from cream, sugar, and
sound, clean, mature fruits, and contains not less than 8 per cent of
milk fat.

]^ut ice-cream is a frozen product made from cream, sugar, and sound
nonrancid nuts, and contains not less than 8 per cent of milk fat.

The Bulletin. 29

CURRANTS, DATES, AND BAlSmS— Continued.

14286

Remarks and Conclusions.

Dates, dried.

14086 Raisins, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.
14093 Currants, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.

14291 :Figs, dried.

14097 Raisins, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.

14098!currants, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.
14090iDates, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.
14088 Currants, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.

14287 Dates, dried.

14292 Raisins, seeded, dried.

14095 Dates, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.

14092 Currants, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.
14102 Dates, dried; condition not good; few bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.
14091 Currants, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.

14096 Raisins, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.

14101 Dates, dried; condition not good; few bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.

14290 Figs, stuffed.

14087 Currants, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.

14281 Raisins, dried.

14094 Prunes, dried; condition bad; contained bugs; unfit for food; sale illegal.

14282 Dates, dried.

14283 Raisins, seeded, dried.
14285 Figs, dried.

Many products, such as eggs, gelatine, etc., are used in the manufac-
ture of so-called ice-cream, which is often very palatable, but which is
not ice-cream, and if sold as such is a violation of the law.

Eealizing that many dealers would desire to sell and many consumers
desire to obtain cheaper products than a standard ice-cream, the Board
of Agriculture made a regulation under which any product, not dele-
terious to health, can be legally sold in the State. The regulation
merely provides that if the dealer will make known by placard or label
the kind of product offered for sale by him, the Department will not
contest the sale.

30

The Bulletin.

REGULATION OF SALE OF ICE-CREAM SUBSTITUTES.

The sale of a product as ice-cream, containing gelatine, eggs, gum
tragacanth or other vegetable gums, or the sale of a product as ice-cream
which contains less than the required per cent of milk fat will not be
contested : Provided, the same is labeled and sold as imitation ice-cream,
compound ice-cream, gelatine ice-cream, e^g, ice-cream, milk ice-cream,
or gum ice-cream (as the case may be) ; or if a placard bearing the fol-
lowing statement —

"Imitation ice-cream is served here."

"Compound ice-cream is served here."

"Egg ice-cream is served here."

"Gelatine ice-cream is served here."

"Milk ice-cream is served here," or

"Gum ice-cream is served here/'
(as the case may be) shall be posted in a conspicuous place in the room
where any and all persons may see the same when purchasing cream;

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF ICE-

Laboratory
Number.

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as—

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13601

Ice-cream,

Vanilla.

do

Betts Ice-cream Co., Raleigh...
Cates Pharmacy, Haw River.-.

Elkin Drug Co., Elkin -.

Five- and Ten-Cent Store

13625

Arctic Ice and Coal Co., Greens-
boro, N. C.
do

13962

Ice-cream,

Peach.
Ice-cream,

Strawberry.
Ice-cream,

Peach,
.-.do

Ice-cream,
Chocolate.

Ice-cream,
Vanilla.

do

13654

. do

13647

do

Greensboro.

Fordham's Drug Co., Greens-
boro.

Goldsboro Drug Co., Golds-
boro.
do

13829
13830

Purity Ice-
cream,
---do

....do

----do

13627

do- .

Graham Drug Co., Graham

Greensboro Drug Co., Greens-
boro.
Greensboro Caf^ Greensboro

13651

do

13648

do

do

13663

[ce-cream,

Compound,
[ce-cream.

Chocolate,
[ce-cream,

Vanilla.

—.do

[ce-cream.

Strawberry.

....do

Matton Drug Co., High Point..

Mcllheney's Drug Co., Greens-
boro.
Eling Drug Co., High Point

Sykes Drug Store, Greensboro..
do

13644

— .do {

....do..

-.-do-

-...do ....i

13667

13652
13653'

Purity Ice-
cream.

-..do

....do

The Bulletin.

31

and Provided further, tliat tlie statement on the placard is printed in
plain black letters, not less than one inch in size, on a white background.

During the past year 165 samples of ice-cream and ice-cream substi-
tutes have been examined, many of which were below standard and sold
in violation of the law. Many that were below standard were not sold
in violation of the law, as the dealers had placards in their places of
business, as provided for by regulations, showing that the products
offered for sale were not ice-cream, but were substitutes for same. If
one wishes to buy an inferior product, he has a right to do so, and the
Department has no objection to the sale, provided the dealer makes
known to the purchaser what he is getting for his money. On the other
hand, if the purchaser wishes a good product and pays the price of same,
he has a right to expect and to get what he pays for.

Dealers are again cautioned that the sale of products as ice-cream that
do not meet the requirements will be prosecuted unless the dealer com-
plies with the regulation on sale of ice-cream.

CREAM AND ICE-CREAM SUBSTITUTES.

2^

a
o <u

13601

13625

13962

13654

13647

13829

13830

13627

13651

13648
13663

13644

13667

13652
13653

2.40
5.50
5.12
2.50
5.80
9.70
7.20
8.50

6.90'

I

7.90|

7.90;

3.40;

6.901

8.60
8.10

Remarks and Conclusions.

26.57 Ice-cream, compound; sign up; sale legal.

29.40 Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

33.10 Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

34.00 Ice-cream, strawberry, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

29.90 Ice-cream, peach, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

34.00 Ice-cream, peach.

31.30 Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

34.90 Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

30.20 Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

32.00 do.

32.30 Ice-cream, compound; sign up; sale legal.

31.10 Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

22.30 Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

2t.50 Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
27.60 Ice-cream, strawberry.

32

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF ICE-

13848
13849
13850
13971
13970
13871
13903
13889
13888
13880
13879
13590
13589

13588
13699
13698
13631
13646
13645
13585

•

13586
13587
13982
13697
13696
13901

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

Ice-cream, Bradham's Broad Street Store,

Vanilla. New Bern, N. C.

Ice-cream, , do ;

Chocolate. '

Ice-cream, j do

Peach. j

Ice-cream, iBrame Drug Co., North Wilkes-

Vanilla. boro, N. C.

Ice-cream, do.

Chocolate.
Ice-cream

Bradham's Broad Street Store,

New Bern,
-..-do.. -

.do.

Ice-cream,

Strawberry.
Ice-cream..

Vanilla.
...-do

Brannon-Hahn Ice-cream Co.,

Charlotte, N. C.
-..do —

Brame Drug Co., North Wilkes-

boro.
....do -

..-.do.
— -do.

Biggs Drug Co., Rockingham...

Henry E. Kendall, Shelby

Reese-Stowe Co., Charlotte

Compound Ice-
cream.

-do.

James P. Stowe & Co., Char-
lotte.

Ice-cream, do Brannon-Hahn Co., Charlotte-
Chocolate. ,

Ice-cream, j do : ll--.do.

Vanilla.

Ice-cream, J. C. Brantley, Raleigh-
Vanilla.

Ice-cream,
Walnut
Caramel.

Ice-cream,
Strawberry,

Ice-cream,
Sherry.

Ice-cream.
Vanilla.
..do

-do-

Burke Drug Co., Morganton, N. C.'Biirke Drug Co., Morganton...

—do.

Burlington Drug Co., Burlington,
N. C.

do George R. Campbell, Greensboro,

N. C.

.-do

.do.

Ice-cream,

Strawberry.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Tutti-Frutti
Ice-cream,

Strawberry.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,
I Pineapple.
Ice-cream,

Strawberry.

Burlington Drug Co., Burling-
ton.

George R. Campbell, Greens-
boro.

--do

E. H. Caudle, Rural Hall, N. C

City Bakery, Hickory, N. C -

.-do -

California Fruit Store, Raleigh.

—do -.

....do-....

E. H. Caudle, Rural HalL

City Bakery, Hickory

....do

Cleveland Drug Co., Shelby, N. C. Cleveland Drug Co., Shelby.

The Bulletin-.

33

CREAMS AND ICE-CREAM SUBSTITUTES— Cowimwed.

O PI

■■3 a
So

feci.

13848
13849
13850
13971
13970
13871
13903
13889
13888
13880
13879
13590
13589

13588
13699
13698
13631
13646
13645
13585
13586
13587
13982
13697
13696
13901

12.50

10.90

10.60

7.58

7.90

6.00

10.20

8.70

9.40

8.60

8.50

15.70

13.00

14.10

5.00

7.20

5.00

2.70

4.30

19.90

19.10

18.80!

2.37

7.30

6.48

7.60

d

O »
OQPh

Remarlis and Conclusions.

33. 50 1 Ice-cream, vanilla.

35.10 Ice-cream, chocolate.

32.60 Ice-cream, peach.

25.20 Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

29.10 do.

29.50 Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

36.00 Ice-cream, strawberry.

31.90 Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

36.40 Ice-cream, slightly below standard; no sign; sale illegal.

37.40 Ice-cream, compound; sign up; sale legal.

31.80 do.

37.88 Ice-cream, vanilla.

37.71 Ice-cream, nut.

36.39 Ice-cream, strawberry.

23.60 Ice-cream, sherry, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal. ,

25.70 Icecream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign: sale illegal.

28.90 Ice-cream, compound.

20.60 Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; sign does not meet requirements of law; sale was
illegal.

23.60 Ice-cream, strawberry, below standard; sign does not meet requirements; sale was

illegal.

35.61 Ice-cream, vanilla.

37.56 Ice-cream, chocolate.

37.62 Ice-cream, tutti-frutti.

26.20 Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
30.00 Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
28.60 Ice-cream, pineapple, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
31.00 Ice-cream, strawberry, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

3

34

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF ICE-

o

Material and
ii i-j Brand from

g^ Label.

Si

Sold by
Dealer as —

13902

13714

13715

1384ol

13597

13598

13964

13634

13626

13908

13907

13919

13650

13657

13695

13868

13649

13984

13618

13583

13584

13664

13665

13986
13884

13893
13593

Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
..do

The Club Caf6 and Candy Kitchen
j Asheville, N. C.
Ice-cream, do

Strawberry.
Ice-cream, JM. F. Courie, Kinston, N. C

Chocolate.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Cleveland Drug Co., Shelby, N. C.

Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
....do

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for .\nalysis.

Cleveland Drug Co., Shelby

The Club Caf6 and Candy

Kitchen, Asheville.
....do...

M. F. Courie, Kinston

A. Dughi, Raleigh.-

...-do

Fairmont Grocery, Elkin, N. C Fairmont Grocery, Elkin

Freeman Drug Co., Burlington.

W. M. Cook, Haw River

Gibson Drug Co., Concord, N. C - Gibson Drug Co., Concord

do i do

Freeman Drug Co., Burlington

N. C.
....do

Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream

Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Strawberry.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Icd-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Strawberry

....do

Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla

(Comp.).
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.

Goldsboro Candy Kitchen, Golds-
boro, N. C.

Greensboro Ice-cream Co., Greens-
boro, N. C.

Goldsboro Candy Kitchen,

Goldsboro.
Greensboro Ice-cream Co.,

Greensboro.

do jConyer's Drug Store, Greens-

I boro.
Grimes Drug Co., Hickory, N. C Grimes Drug Co., Hickory...

Hamlet Candy Kitchen, Hamlet,

N. C.
Hammer & Kivett, Greensboro,

N. C.
Hawks Drug Co., Mount Airy, N. C.

HayT\-ood & Boone, Durham, N. C

Hamlet Candy ^itchen, Ham-
let.
Hammer & Kivett, Greensboro.

Hawks Drug Co., Mount Airy..

Haywood & Boone, Durham

H. T. Hicks Drug Co., Raleigh.

...do

High Point Candy Co., High

Point, N. C.
....do

High Point Candy Co., High

j Point.

1 do

D. M. Hodges, Mount Airy, N. C...1D. M. Hodges, Mount Airy.
R. H. Jordan, Charlotte, N. C R. H. Jordan, Charlotte

Kennedy's Drug Store, Gastonia,
N. C.

Kennedy's Drug Store, Gas-
tonia.

King-Crowell Drug Co. .Raleigh

The Bulletin.

35

CREAMS AND ICE-CREAM SUBSTITUTES— Con/inMed.

2 S

13902

6.10

13714

11.00

13715

9.05

13840

12.00

13597

7.40

13598

5.20

13964

6.19

13634

5.60

13626

6.10

13908

8.70

13907

7.70

13919

12.60

13650

5.70

13657

6.00

13695

6.40

13868

2.80

13649

4.40

13984

2.82

13618

4.30

13583

10.00

13584

14.90

13664

15.50

13665

13.70

13986

1.75

138S4

5.80

a>

■So

O OJ

CEPh

26.80
32.80
32.60
30.80
32.24
28.84
28.30
29.20
23.00
30.71
27.82
37.00
31.00
32.30
29.00
30.30
27.70
29.00
33.20
38.48'

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
Ice-cream, vanilla.
Ice-cream, strawberry.
Ice-cream, chocolate.

Ice-cream, compound; no .sign, but .sold as compound; should be sign in place of

business.
Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; no sign, but sold as compound; should be sign

in place of business.
Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no .«ign; sale illegal.

Remarks and Conclusions.

13893

13593

Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, chocolate.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below .standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
do.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, strawberry, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla.
40.06;Ice-cream, chocolate.
32.80 Ice-cream, vanilla.

32.80

Ice-cream, strawberry.

29.00!lce-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
33.00;Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

4.90

29.10

Ice-cream, compound; sign up; sale legal.

13.40 38.25 Ice-cream, vanilla.

36

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF ICE-

° PI

Material and

Brand from

Label.

13896

13897

13596
13898

13899

13674

13910

13671 1

136701

i

13662

13700

13847

13702

13956
13967
13969,

13857

13858

13973

13972

13872
13873

13874

13676

13839
13861

13862

13860
13859

13974

Mono Brand-.

_do.

Sold by
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.

..do

Ice-cream,

Cherry.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Compound
Ice-cream,

Strawberry.
Ice-cream,

Peach.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.

..do.:...

..do

..do

Lowing-Costner Drug Co., Lincoln-
ton, N. C.
..do

Main Pharmacy, Salisbury, N. C...

Marsh Drug Co., Concord, N. C

J. W. McPherson & Co., Salisbury,
N. C.
...do

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for .\nalysis.

Lincoln Drug Co., Lincolnton.
do

Love Drug Co., Raleigh

Lowing-Costner Drug Co., Lin-
colnton.
....do

Main Pharmacy, Salisbury.
Marsh Drug Co., Concord..

J. W. McPherson & Co., Salis-
bury.
..do

F. L. Montgomery, High Point,

N. C.
Mono Service Cream Co. , Knox-

vUle, Tenn.
The Montauk Co., Norfolk, Va..

...do 1.

Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.

..do

J. R. Newman, Reidsville, N. C

New York Caf6, Elkin, N. C

North WUkesboro Drug Co., North

Wilkesboro, N. C.
Orton Confectionery, Wilmington,

N. C.

..do

Ice-cream,

Vanilla.

....do

Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.

..do

....do..

Ice-cream,

Peach.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla

.-..do

Ice-cream,

Strawberry
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.

F. L. Montgomery, High Point.

Beach Bros., Morganton...

Clark's Cigar Store, New Bern..

The Davis Pharmacy, Marion..

J. R. Newman, Reidsville

New York CafI, Elkin

North Wilkesboro Drug Co.,

North Wilkesboro.
Orton Confectionery, W'ilniing-

ton.

..do

Owens Drug Co., Winston-Salem,

N. C.
....do...

Owens Drug Co., Winston-
Salem.
..do

Parsons Drug Co., Wadesboro, N.C.
....do

Pee Dee Pharmacy, Wadesboro,

N.C.
Peerless Baking and Ice-cream Co.,

Richmond, Va.

....do

J. W. Plummer, Wilmington, N. C.

....do..:

Parsons Drug Co., Wadesboro..
....do

Pee Dee Pharmacy, Wadesboro.

James Plummer, Salisbury

Temple Drug Co., Kinston

Mission Pharmacy, Wilmington.

....do

.do-
-do-

Polites Candy Kitchen, Winston-
Salem, N. C.

J. W. Plummer, Wilmington

....do

Polites Candy Kitchen, Win-
ston-Salem.

The Bulletin.

37

CREAMS AND ICE-CREAM SUBSTITUTES— Cowimwed.

>.

O .*

^w

4^

II

rs a

d

lids,
rCe

OS S

o a>

^'A

feP4

CCCL,

13896; 3.90 29.80

13897

13596
13898

13899

13674

13910

13671

13670

13662

13700

13847

13702

13956
13967
13969

1385'

13858

13973

13972

13872
13873

13874

13676

13839
13861

13862

13860
13859

13974

Remarks and Conclusions.

3.90| 28.60

1.30 25.91
2.70 32.00

3.40 2S.00

I

8.90' 38.50
4.10 27.70
7.50 32.90

I

8.80! 33.50

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
do.

Ice-cream, vanilla, very much below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
Ice-cream, sherry, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

3.10 25.60 Ice-cream, compound; sign up; sale legal.

5.50 33.30

8.00 30.00

8.80 30.70

0.60 25.70

Ice-cream, strawberry, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, peach.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

' Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
3.68 21.60 Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal
■2.57; 24.00

17.80 38.40

12.90, 37.40

10.66 32.80

8.28' 31.40

2.60 34.10

4.50 28.10

5.10 27.50

8.50 31.50

7.50
9.00

13.80

10.00
7.50

36.10
30.60

34.60

34.80
34.10

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla.

Ice-cream chocolate.

Ice-cream.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; sign does not meet requirements.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
Ice-cream, peach.

8.19; 31.70

Ice-cream, vanilla.

Ice-cream, vanilla.

Ice-cream, strawberry, slightly below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

38

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF ICE-

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13975

13900

13958

13957

13895

13894

13887
13890

13841

13912
13623

13836 ....do.
13869! -...do.

Ice-cream,

Vanilla
..-.do..-..

Polites Candy Kitchen, Winston- Polites Candy Kitchen, Win-

Salem, N. C. ston-Salem.

Purity Dairy Products Co., Char- Sloop Drug Co., Shelby

lotte, N. C.

Ice-cream, Purity Ice-cream Co., Greensboro, R. H. Tucker, Reidsville

Chocolate. N. C.

Ice-cream, 1 do do

Peach.

do Purity Ice-cream Co., Richmond, .\dams Drug Co., Gastonia..

Va.

The Velvet
Kind.

Ice-cream, Vel-
vet.
....do

Ice-cream,
Chocolate.

....do

Ice-cream,
Vanilla.

— .do

Ice-cream

Ice-cream,
Chocolate.

....do

Ice-cream,
Pineapple.
13658iThe Velvet lice-cream.
Kind. Vanilla.

13985 i Ice-cream, Vel- do

vet.

13987 Ice-cream,

Chocolate.

13591 Ice-cream,

Peach.
13659 The Velvet Ice-cream,

I Kind. j Vanilla.

13966 Ice-cream, Vel- lice-cream,
vet. Peach.

13960 Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
13864 Ice-cream, Vel- Ice-cream,
vet.
..do

...do.

.do.

.do John S. Blake Co., Charlotte..-

.do Bowen's Drug Store, Charlotte.

_do.

--do-
—do.

.do-
.do.

13863
13961
13978
13979]
13716^
13711
13710

....do_
-.-do.
.-.do-
-..-do.
-...do-
---.do.
-...do-
-..-do.
....do.
-...do-

Chalk's Pharmacy, Morehead
City.

Davis Drug Co., Concord

Five Points Drug Co., Durham

Floyd Barwick, LaGrange.
Fox Drug Co., Hamlet

Gardner's Drug Store, Greens-
boro.
Gwyn Drug Co., Mount Airy...

...do .:

Peach.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream, 'Racey Ice-cream Co., Knoxville,

Vanilla. i Tenn.
Ice-cream , I do

Chocolate. |
Ice-cream, ' do

Vanilla.
Ice-cream, jRaysor's Drug Store, Asheville,
■ Vanilla. N. C.
Ice-cream, do

Strawberry.!

Mallette's Drug Store, Raleigh..

Mann's Drug Store, High Point

Peoples Drug Store, Elkin

Piedmont Grocery Co., Reids-
ville.
Pope Drug Co., Lumberton

...-do

Variety Store, No. 2, Leaksville-

James A. Hutchins, Winston-
Salem.
—do -...

Smith's Drug Store, Asheville..
Ray.sor's Drug Store, .\sheville-
— -do

The Bulletin.

39

CREAMS AND ICE-CREAM SJJBSTITJJTES— Continued.

>>

5fe

ii

Remarks and Conclusions.

^1

4o

13975

10.00

33.20

Ice-cream.

13900

13.70

30.30

Ice-cream, vanilla.

13958

8.34

34.10

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13957

6.56

34.30

do.

13895

5.70

38.90

Ice-cream, peach, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13894

8.90

41.90

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13887

11.70

32.00

Ice-cream .

13890

6.60

27.40

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal

13841

8.50

30.70

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13912

7.90

33.40

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13623

6.80

34.90

Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13836

6.60

34.70

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13869

8.30

31.90

Ice-cream, pineapple.

13658

7.20

31.70

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13985

8.43

34.50

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13987

6.61

34.20

do.

13591

3.60

35.39

Ice-cream, peach, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13659

8.10

32.30

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13966"

5.70

34.80

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13960

10.20

34.80

Ice-cream.

13864

5.70

34.60

Ice-cream, peach, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

13863

7.00

34.60

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal."

13961

10.70

35.70

Ice-cream.

13978

13.01

35.40

do.

13979

10.35

35.10

do.

13.716

10.80

30.70

Ice-cream, vanilla.

13711

13.60

33.90

do.

13710

13.40

35.70

Ice-cream, strawberry.

40

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF ICE-

Material and

Brand from

Label.

13865

13835.
138321.

•13831 [,

I
13834

13852

13851
13691

13679

13678

13913

139141.

13915.
13916'.
139171.
13693.

13838'.
13837' ,
13845'

13690

13656

13655

13981

13980
13976

13977

13892

13878

13594

13595

13599

Ice-cream, W.
H. S. Brand.
..do

.do.
.do.
.do.

Sold by
Dealer as—

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

Ice-cream,

Vanilla.

Ice-cream

Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.

..do.

Ice-cream

..do

Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Cherry.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Strawberry,

Ice-cream

....do

....do

Robeson Drug Co., Maxton, N. C.-
John O. Royal, Goldsboro, N. C

..do...

Royal Ice-cream Co., New Bern,

N. C.

.-do

A. B. Saleeby & Co., Salisbury,

N. C.

..do

.-do

Ice-cream,

Vanilla.

Ice-cream

....do

Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.

Ice-cream

....do

Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.
Ice-cream,

Vanilla.
Ice-cream,

Chocolate.

...do.

.do-

W. H. Scarborough, Concord, N. C,

...do.

Robeson Drug Co., Maxton

W. H. Burk & Son, LaGrange.
Royal Fruit Store, Goldsboro-

....do ..--

Williams' Drug Store, Goldsboro
Royal Ice-cream Co., New Bern

.-..do

-do.
.do.
.do.

C. M. Shuford, Hickory, N. C

J. T. Skinner & Son, Kinston, N. C.

.-do

..do

States ville Drug Co., Statesville,

N. C.
The Sugar Bowl, Greensboro, N. C.

-..-do

The Sweet Shop, Winston-Salem,
N. C.

....do

Thompson's Drug Store, Winston-
Salem, N. C.

....do

Torrence Drug Co., Gastonia, N. C.
The Union Drug Co., Monroe, N. C.

Hall's Drug Co., Statesville

A. B. Saleeby, Salisbury

....do

W. H. Scarborough, Concord

...do

.do.
.do-
.do-

C. M. Shuford, Hickory.

J. T. Skinner & Son, Kinston. _-
....do

Woodlane Drug Co., New Bern.

Statesville Drug Co., States-
ville.
The Sugar Bowl, Greensboro. ..

....do

The Sweet Shop, Winston-
Salem.

....do --.. .-.-

Thompson's Drug Store, Win-

I ston-Salem.

....do

Torrence Drug Co., Gastonia-.-

The Union Drug Co., Monroe

Wake Drug Co., Raleigh _ .

....do....

White Ice-cream Co., Raleigh...

The Bulletin.

41

CREAMS AND ICE-CREAM SUBSTITUTES— Continued.

o a

13865

13835
13832

13831

13834
13852

13851
13691

13679

13678

13913

13914

13915
13916
13917
13693

13838
13837
13845

13690

13656

13655

13981

13980
13976

13977

13892

13878

13594

13595

13599

3 a

led »

9.30

5.10
3.00

6.30

7.40
7.10

7.60
8.00

13.50

8.70

2.40

2.50

2.50

2.90

2.90

13.70

4.60
3.50
5.30

8.50

15.50

16.40

4.18
7.69

8.04

3.20

13.70

14.30

10.60

5.30

a

O <»

28.00

Remarks and Conclusions.

Ice-cream, slightly below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

32.80'lce-creani, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
32.00

29.60

29.70
43.70

37.80
31.60

36.00

29.90

27.80

27.80

29.70
28.90
32.10
30.10

29.20
29.10
29.60

27.40

37.40

37.00

33.30

31.40
22.60

30.50

27.60

32.90

39.85

34.22

33.50

Ice-cream, much below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
do.

do.
Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla.

Ice-cream, fruit.

Ice-cream, vanilla, much below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, strawberry, much below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, inuch below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

do.

do.
Ice-cream, vanilla.

Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.
Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; sign up; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, chocolate.

Ice-cream, vanilla.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal

do.
Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

do.

Ice-cream, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla.

Ice-cream, chocolate.

Ice-cream, vanilla.

Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

42

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF ICE-

13600

13855

13856

13404

13689

13701
13854

13853

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Ice-cream,

Vanilla,

--.do

Warren Candy Co., Wilmington,

N. C.
— do

Ice-cream,

Chocolate. [
Ice-cream W'atson's Pharmacy Co., South-
port, N. C.
Ice-cream, W'hite Pine Creamery Co., Ashe-

Vanilla. | viUe, N. C.

do 1 do

do IWoodall & Shepherd, Wilmington,

N. C.
Ice-cream do

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

White Ice-cream Co., Raleigh..
Warren Candy Co., Wilmington
....do

Watson's Pharmacy Co., South-
port.

Joe Hamoy Ice-cream Parlor,
Statesville.

J. W. Streetman, Marion

Woodall & Shepherd, Wilming-
ton.

....do

LARD AND COMPOUND LARD.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

1. Lard is the rendered fresh fat from hogs in good health at the time
of slaughter, is clean, free from rancidity, and contains, necessarily in-
corporated in the process of rendering, not more than one (1) per cent
of substances, other than fatty acids and fat.

2. Leaf lard is lard rendered at moderately high temperatures from
the internal fat of the abdomen of the hog, excluding that adherent to
the intestines, and has an iodine number not greater than sixty (60).

3. Neutral lard is lard rendered at low temperatures.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF LARDS.

g . Material and Brand
•S » from Label.

2 S

Sold by
Dealer

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for .\nalysis.

13534

1267liCompound Lard*
13532 White Dome

Armour & Co., Greensboro, Smith Grocery Co., Lexington

N. C. ^^

Armstrong Grocery Co., New

Bern.
Capital Refining Co., Washing- M. A. Gilmore & Co., Wades-
ton, D. C. boro.

13524'Sunny South, Com- do Corkran-Hill Co., Baltimore, W. T. Buchanan, Sanford

pound. j Md.

13533iSilver Crest . jLard _ Jacob Dold, Richmond, Va M. \. Gilmore & Co., Wades-

boro.

Lard Com-
pound.
...„do...-

The Bulletin.

43

CREAMS AND ICE-CREAM SUBSTITUTES— Continued.

2-5
S S

,3^

13600

13855

13856

13404

13689

13701
13854

13853

S3 O

2.90

5.30

6.40

12.20

6.80

8.20
4.70

6.60

- a»

o <u
IX) Ph

29.79
31.50
34.90

30.40

31.60
26.00

Remarks and Conclusions.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

Ice-cream.

Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

do.
Ice-cream, chocolate, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

26.00|Ice-cream, vanilla, below standard; adulterated; no sign; sale illegal.

There is no standard for compound lard, it being a mixture or com-
pound of fats, but as found on the market it is usually cotton-seed oil
with enough beef stearin (oleostearin) to give it the requisite degree of
solidity or consistence and a small amount of real lard. Lard stearin or
cotton-seed stearin may be used in place of the beef stearin.

Fifteen samples of lard and lard substitutes have been examined dur-
ing the year, and two of them were sold as lard when they were com-
pound lards.

The sale of compound lard is all right, provided it is sold as compound
lard ; but the sale of a compound lard as lard is a violation of the law,
and will have to be prosecuted.

COMPOUND LARDS AND LARD SUBSTITUTES.

u

I.S

■Si

Halphen Test
for Cotton-
seed Oil.

Reading
Refractometer,
40° C.

Refractive
Index.

Iddine Number
(Hanus).

Remarks and Conclusions.

13534

Negative

52.0

1.4607

63.3

Lard.

12671

Positive ' 56.5

1.4636

Compound lard.

13532

....do

60.0

1.4659

97.4

Lard, compound.

13524

....do

58.0

1.4646

90.3

Compound lard.

13533

Negative

53.0

1.4613

58.8

Lard.

•

44

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF LARDS, COM

2 S
•is

Material and Brand
from Label.

Sold by
Dealer

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13531

13529
13528

13536
13525

13526

13530
13535
13527
13523

Ladina, Compound of Lard

Cotton-seed Oil.
Pure Lard, White StarJLard, Pure.
Lard, Pure Family, |Lard
Daisy.

-do.
.do.

Lard, Pure Open Kettle
Rendered, Virginia.

Rendered Hog Fat,
U. S. Inspected and
Passed.

Flake White..

Lard, Pure, Laurel
Leaf.

Lard, Sulzberger's Ma-
jestic KettleRendered.

W. S. Forbes & Co., Richmond,

Va.
G. H. Hammond Co

John Hoffman's Co., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.

G. W. Goodwin, Laurinburg.

W. D. Wright, Laurinburg...
F. L. Orr, Maxton

..do.

.do.

Lard, Com-
pound.
Lard, Pure-

.-..do

Kingan & Co., Richmond, Va...
B. W. Phillips, Maxton, N. C...

The Proctor & Gamble Co.,
Macon, Ga.
..do

J. F. Jamison, Charlotte.
Ellis & Co., Wilson

Sulzberger & Sons Co., Fay-

etteville, N. C.
....do.

R. H. Strickland, Maxton.

H. A. McCoy, Laurinburg.

C. M. Fite, Charlotte

M. L. McRae, Maxton

Hamilton Supply Co., Red
Springs.

•Sent to the Department for analysis.

LEMON EXTRACTS AND LEMON EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Lemon extract is the flavoring extract prepared from oil of lemon, or
from lemon peel, or both, and contains not less than 5 per cent by volume
of oil of lemon.

Oil oi lemon is the volatile oil obtained from the fresh peel of the
lemon.

Terpeneless extract of lemon is the flavoring extract prepared by
shaking oil of lemon with dilute alcohol, or by dissolving terpeneless oil
of lemon in dilute alcohol, and contains not less than two-tenths (0.2)
per cent by weight of citral, derived from oil of lemon.

Compound lemon extract is the flavoring product containing more
than 50 per cent of lemon extract with some other flavoring as a substi-
tute for lemon, such as citral, etc.

The Bulletin.

45

POUND LARDS AND LARD SUBSTITUTES— CowiinwetZ.

■Si

13531

13529
13528

13536
13525

13526

Hi
as.
ja oC

^ u

a
SI

a) (1)0

Positive.

13530
13535
13527
13523

Negative. -
..do....

..do....
..do....

..do...

Positive..
....do...
Negative.
...-do...

60.0

52.0
52.5

52.0
53.0

53.0

60.0
60.0
53.0
51.0

d

o

rt

1.4659

1.4607
1.4610

1.4607
1.4613

1.4613

1.4659
1.4659
1.4613

a

3

a a

to

97.7

60.8
58.0

63.5
58.1

61.9

93.9
98.2
64.1

1.4600 58.6

Remarks and Conclusions.

Compound lard, sold by dealer as lard; misrepresented; sale

illegal.
Lard,
do.

do.
do.

do.

Compound lard, sold by retail dealer as lard; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Compound lard.

Lard.

do.

Imitation lemon extract is a flavoring product made from citral or
other substitutes for lemon oil, and contains little or no lemon oil.

Substitutes for lemon extract are usually of very little value as a
flavoring material; but if properly labeled or branded just what they
are, their sale is legal, provided they contain nothing deleterious to
health, such as wood alcohol, etc. Wood alcohol is a dangerous poison.
A small amount is liable to produce death, and even a smaller amount
may produce total and permanent blindness.

Consumers should observe the label and demand the real extract, as it
is worth far more than the difference in the price between the substitute
and the real extract.

Eesults of the examination of the samples for the year are printed in
the table below.

46

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF LEMON

>1

to

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

is

3l

13445

Lemon Extract---

Ahrens Bros., Wilmington, N. C- .

H. W. Konig, Wilmington-

13924

-—do

----do

Barden Bros., Wilmington

13456

Lemon Extract, Pure Food,

Austin-Nichols Co., New York,

P. & R. Grocery Co., Southern

Sunbeam.

N. Y.

Pines.

12922

Lemon Flavoring, Bailey's

Bailey, James, & Son, Baltimore,

Tur nage Bros. , Ayden

Standard Dime.

Md.

13446

Lemon Extract, Bastine's

Bastine & Co., New York, N. Y

Cape Fear Cash Grocery, Wil-

Pure.

mington.

13447

Lemon Extract

Bellamy, Robert R., Wilmington,
N. C.
.-.do

Henry Wentzensen, Wilmington

139^5

R. L. Burton, Wilmington.

13472

Lemon Extract, Eclipse

Brauer, Charles E., Co., Richmond,

J. G. Williams, Chapel Hill

Brand.

Va.

14135

Lemon Extract, Brame's

Brame Drug Co., North Wilkes-

Brame Drug Co., North Wilkes-

boro, N. C.

boro.

13495

Lemon Extract, Lockett's

Bristol Drug and Gum Co., Bristol,

The Atkinson Co., Elkin

Pure.

Va.-Tenn.

13501

Lemon Extract, Warranted
Pure, Burnett's.

Burnett, Joseph, Co., Boston, Mass.

Oppenheimer's, Rocky Mount-.

14133

Lemon Extract, Terpeneless,

Burwell & Dunn Co., Charlotte,

C. C. Sanford Sons Co., Mocks-

75% Alcohol.

N. C.

ville.

12914

Lemon, Essence, 90% Alcohol-

Chalk. S. A., Morehead City, N.C-

J. B. Morton, Morehead City---

12913

Lemon Extract, C. C. C.

Clotworthy Chemical Co., Balti-

W. R. Crow, Goldsboro

Brand.

more, Md.

13458

. do . -

do

D. C. Braswell, Wilson -

13443

Crawford, W. H., & Co., Baltimore,

J. C. Peterson, Clinton

13496

Lemon and Citral, Crown

Md.
Crown Chemical Co., Baltimore,

The Atkinson Co., Elkin

Brand.

Md.

13492

_. do

-. do

A. G. Bowman & Son, Mount

Airy.

14125

Lemon, Imitation Flavoring,

Cumberland Mfg. Co., Nashville,

Mrs. Richard Gibson, Ashe-

Swan, Artificially Colored.

Tenn.

ville.

13926

Windsor Brand

---do

Southern Grocery Co., Wil-

mington.

14130

Lemon, Dill's Extract

Dill (The) Medicine Co., Norris-

Carolina Warehouse, Greens-

town. Pa.

boro.

13476

Lemon, Cherokee Flavor

Englehard, A., & Sons Co., Louis-

Reidsville Brokerage Co.,

ville, Ky.

Reidsville.

13461

Lemon, Imitation Flavor,
Dr. Fenner's.

Fenner, M. M., Co., Fredonia, N. Y.

S. Meyer, Enfield

12920

Lemon Extract, Golden Horse
Shoe.

Four (The) Company, Norfolk, Va.-

L. S. Landing, Plymouth

13452

Lemon Flavor, P. & S. Brand

Frank Tea and Spice Co., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.

R. J. Wheeler, Dunn

13462

Lemon Extract, Dove Brand-
Lemon Extract, Blue Ribbon-

---do -

LawTence Bros., Enfield

13442

Greever-Lotspeich Mfg. Co., Knox-

S. H. Youngblood, Charlotte--.

ville, Tenn.

12915

Lemon Extract, Baker's Pure.
Lemon, Essence---

. do

A. J. Cox & Co., Washington--.

13481

Greensboro Drug Co., Greensboro,

Greensboro Drug Co., Greens-

N. C.

boro.

The Bulletin.

47

EXTRACTS AND LEMON EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES.

C ^4 O)

<i> >- S E mo —
p 1 o :- §-

=35 S >>2 ^-iS ^2 ^i,S,3 c

13445
13924

13456

12922

13446

13447

139251
13472

14135

13495

5.00
0.00

6.40

5.00

5.60

5.90

5.60
6.10

4.20

4.80

0.00
6.50
5.30
5.80
5.90

75.6

75.6
75.3
75.6
75.6

(25

o

o

CD

o o m

-g>o

1.4756

1.4756;

1.4756 0.85246

1.4756

1.4756

5.90 74.7

6.20> 75.6

4.20, 76.0

5.00 75.6

1350li 10.10 10.30 75.6
14133! 0.00 0.00.__.

12914
12913

4.20
5.201

13458 5.90

13443 6.40

I

13496: 0.00|

13492 0.001

14125| O.OOJ

1

13926! 5.30

j

14130; 4.90
13476 0.00

75.3

5.40 75.3

6.10; 75.6
6.60| 75,fl

!

0.00
0.00
0.00.

1.4753
1.4756

1.4759

1.4756

1.4756

0.86505

1.4756

1.4756

1.4756
1.4756

13461
12920,
13452;
13462

2.60

I

5.20
0.00
6.00

5.20
5.00
0.90
2.50

74.7
76.0
75.6
75.6

6.00 75.3

0.00

84.20
78.82
78.11
86.90

Remarks and Conclusions.

Lemon extract.

Imitation lemon extract; mi.sbranded; contains no

oil of lemon; sale illegal.
Lemon extract.

do.
do.
do.

77.74!

do.
do.

75.28!Lemon extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-
branded; sale illegal.
87.72 Lemon extract.

83.00 Lemon extract, concentrated.

0.87348
0.82501
0.82395

0.96188
0.96127
0.93186

76.40
88.46
87.74

Terpeneless extract lemon.

Lemon extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-
branded; sale illegal.
Lemon extract.

13442; 10.70^ 11.20

\ I

12915 8.40|

13481 ! 6.701 6.80

75.6
75.6

75.3
75.6

1.4753
1.4759
1.4756
1.4756
1.47.56

0.83063

1.4756
1.4756

1.4756
1.4756

0.82449

0.81901

86.74 do.
84.00 do.

33.04|Imitation lemon extract; misbranded; sale illegal.

33.60| do.

51.45 Imitation lemon extract.

Lemon extract.

86.10 do.
Lemon extract substitute; misbranded; sale illegal.

65.00 Imitation lemon extract.

86.80 Lemon extract.

29.12lImitation lemon extract; misbranded; was branded

! on carton, lemon flavor; sale illegal.
78.37 Lemon extract.
83.00 Lemon extract, double strength.

85.86 Lemon extract, concentrated.
86.00 Lemon extract.

48

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF LEMON EXTRACTS

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13480

13488

14137

13459

14126
14132

13451

12912

13489
13444

13482

13460
13469
13450

13477
14131

13923
14139

13475
13473

13485

13448

13463

13449

13454
13470
14138

13479

14136

13474
13440

13486
13490

Lemon Extract-

Lemon Extract, Harris' Fruit,
Highly Concentrated.

Lemon Extract, Heekin's
White Cap.

Lemon Extract, Heekin's
"Deer's Head."

Lemon Extract, Hite's Pure..

Lemon, Kitchen Queen

Lemon Extract, I. C

Heekin Spice Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.
....do

Lemon Extract, Old Do-
minion, Terpeneless.

Grissom-Sykes Drug Co., Greens- Grissom-Sykes Drug Co.,
boro, N. C. I Greensboro.

Harris (The) Company, New York, .Efird Bros., Winston-Salem

N. Y. I ■

J. R. Cummings, Winston-
Salem.
Cummings Grocery Co., Tar-

boro.
Shipman Bros., Henderson ville.
C. Scott & Co., Greensboro

Wallace Grocery, Smithfield

J. G. Derr, Goldsboro

Lemon, Old Dominion, Ter-
peneless.
Lemon, Kitchen Queen

Lemon Extract, Eagle Brand.

Lemon Extract

....do

Lemon Extract, SUver Medal.
Lemon Extract, Mcllhenny's

Piu-e Concentrated.

Lemon Extract, Miller's

Lemon Flavoring, N. P. D.

Brand.

....do

-...do

Lemon Extract, N. P. D.

Brand.
Lemon Flavoring, N. P. D.

Brand.
Lemon Extract, Owens &

Minor's.
Lemon, Parke's Pure ,

Hite, S. P., Co., Roanoke, Va

Interstate Chemical Co., Baltimore,
Md.

Interstate Commerce Co., Rich-
mond, Va.
...do

....do-
...-do.

W. J. Swanson, PUot Mountain.
J. C. Peterson, Clinton

S. S. Morris, Greensboro.

Interstate Chemical Co., Baltimore,
Md.

Kent Drug Co., Baltimore, Md S. Meyer, Enfield-
King, C. E., & Sons, Durham, N.C.

King, W. H., Drug Co., Raleigh,
N.C.

McCormick & Co., Baltimore, Md...

Mcllhenny, E., & Co., New Iberia,
La.

MUler Mfg. Co., New York, N. Y'..,.

Norman-Perry Drug Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.

...-do

....do

...-do-
._--do_

Lemon Flavoring, Piu-e, A. A.

Lemon Extract, Peabody

Lemon Extract, Pilot Brand.-

Reif 's Extract Lemon

LemonExtract, Full Strength,

Pure.
Lemon Extract, Colored.. .-'.-
Lemon Extract, Artificially

Colored.

....do .-

Lemon Extract, Best by Test.

Owens & Minor Drug Co., Rich-
mond, Va.

Parke, L. H., & Co., Philadelphia,
Pa.

....do

Peabody Drug Co., Durham, N. C.

iPilot Drug Co., Winston-Salem,
N.C.

Reif (The Charles) Co., Chatta-
nooga, Tenn.

Sampson Medicine Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.

....do

....do

....do-
----do-

C. E. King & Sons, Durham

Ashley Home & Son, Clayton..

Troxler Bros. , Greensboro

Patterson Bros., Greensboro

E. B. Hackburn, New Bern

Rural Hall Supply Co., Rural
Hall.

Borland & Ford, Reidsville

L. B. McAdams & Son, Bur-
lington.
Swain & Johnson, Washington..

M. A. Gilmore & Co., Wades-

boro.
M. C. Braswell, Battleboro

M. Waller, Monroe.

C. V. Williams & Co., Hamlet- -
Peabody Drug Co., Diu-ham...
Pilot Drug Co., Winston-Salem.

John E. Sockwell, Greensboro..

Sampson Medicine Co., Win-
ston-Salem.
R. L. Clapp & Pool, Graham...
Lopp Bros. , Lexington

C. H. Lloyd, Winston-Salem...
.!W. W. Thomas, Mount Airy

The Bulletin.

49

AND LEMON EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES— ConiinMed.

$i[

CJ i d*

flj (- (U

13480

13488

14137

13459

14126
14132

13451

12912

13489
13444

13482

13460
13469
13450

13477
14131

13923
14139

13475
13473

13485

13448

13463

13449

13454
13470
14138

13479

14136

f

13474
13440

13486
13490

- - lO

MO-
a> O rl

tf«o

4.30

0.00

5.40

5.20

5.60
6.40

5.60

0.00

0.00
0.00

5.40

0.00
5.00
6.20

0.00
6.40

6.80I
4.30

4.40
3.80

4.40

4.40

5.90

5.60
5.30
2.70

0.00

3.90

2.00
3.20

2.20
3.40

4.40

0.00

5.50

5.50

5.70
6.50

75.6

76.0

75.6

76.0
76.0

75.6

1.4756

O

o o »

0.00

0.00
0.00

5.60

0.00.
5.101

6.40J

0.00
6.50

6.80
4.40

4.40
4.00

4.40

4.40

5.50

6.00

5.90
5.40
2.50

0.00

4.00

2.00
3.00

2.10
3.40I

75.6

75.6
75.6

1.4759

1.4756

1.4759'
1.4759

1.4756

0.97690
0.84237

0.84301
0.83837

1.4756

1.4756
1.4756

76.0

74.7
76.0

75.6
75.6

75.6

75.6

75.6

75.6

75.6
75.6
76.0

0.93585
0.97344

0.82450

88.69

19.40

82.05

82.16

81.64
82.26

77.28

49.37

22.70
48.70

83.20

Remarks and Conclusions.

Lemon extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-
branded; sale illegal.

Imitation lemon flavor; misbranded; was branded
fruit extract lemon; sale was illegal.

Lemon extract.

do.

do.
do.

do.

76.0

75.6
75.6

75.6
75.6

1.4759

1.4753
1.4759

1.4756
1.4756

1.4756

1.4756

1.4756

1.4756

1.4756
1.4756
1.4759

0.92590
0.84237

0.82220

87.80
87.50

54.26
81.05

89.10

83.97
75.57

Terpeneless lemon extract.

Imitation lemon extract.

Terpeneless lemon extract; branded terpeneless

lemon; misbranded; sale illegal.
Lemon extract.

Terpeneless extract lemon; misbranded; sale illegal.
Lemon extract,
do.

Imitation lemon extract.
Lemon extract.

do.

Lemon extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-
branded; sale illegal,
do.
do.

80.00
78.60
85.00
87.76

do.
do.
Lemon extract.

1.4759

1.4756
1.4756

1.4756
1.4756

0.88172

0.86421

Lemon extract; misbranded; is branded lemon when
it is an extract; sale illegal.

88. 33 1 Lemon extract.

88.42| do.

70.66 Lemon extract, below standard; misbranded; sale
illegal.

49.13 Terpeneless lemon extract; adulterated; misbranded;
sale illegal.

75.79 Lemon extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-
branded; sale illegal.

74.35 do.

77.52 do.

70.18
80.75

do.
do.

50

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF LEMON EXTRACTS

^1

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who

Sent Sample for Analysis.

134911 Lemon Extract, Best by Test

14128

14134

13467

14127

13922

13493

13457

14129

13497

13466
13483

Lemon Extract, Hart's Purfi,

Excellence.
Lemon Extract, Scott's Pure

Flavoring.
Lemon Extract

Sampson Medicine Co., Winston- 'W. W. Thomas, Mount Airy.

Salem, N. C.
Sanford, Chamberlain & Albers S. A. DeHart & Co., Bryson

Co., Winston-Salem, N. C.
Scott, John M., & Co., Charlotte,

N. C.
Sharpe & Dohme, Baltimore, Md.-.(A. V. Baucom Pharmacy, Apex.

City.
J. L. Clement, Mocksville.

Lemon Flavor, Artificially

Colored.
Spartan Brand

Lemon Extract, Harmless

Colored.
Lemon Extract, Pure, Votan

Brand.
Lemon Extract, R. C. C.

Brand.
Lemon Extract, Sanders'

Cream of Fruit.

Lemon Extract, Sanders'

Lemon Extract, Our Seal

Brand.
....do

Smith, Dr. T. C, Asheville, N. C.-J. H. Dorsey, Bryson City...

Hardy Hill, Kinston

Elk Grocery Co., Elkin

Reily-Taylor Co., New Orleans, La. Carroll Grocery Co., Wilson..

Southern Chemical Co., Petersburg,

Va.
Surry Drug Co., EUdn, N. C

The Atkinson Co., Elkin.

13455 ....do.
do.

....do.

Lemon Extract, Watkins'.

13441
13455
13464

13471

13453

13465
13927
13494

13487

13484

13498 Lemon Extract, Pure, 20th

Century.
13468lLemon Extract

Retailers' Cooperative Corporation, jE. M. Towns, Reidsville

Salem, Va.
Royal Remedy and Extract Co.,

Dayton, Ohio.

..do

Vaughn-Crutchfield Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.

..do

..do

..do.

W. A. Whitaker, Apex

Vogler & Hegge, Waughtown

Fmch Bros., Lexington

D. McNair, Hamlet

I. Pearce & Co., Henderson.

.do J. G. WUliams, Chapel Hill

Watkins, J. R., Medical Co., Winona, J. F. Powers & Son, Fayette-
Minn. I viUe.

Lemon Extract, Eagle.

Lemon Extract, Eagle Brand.
Lemon Extract, Pilot Brand..

....do.
....do.

Webb Mfg. Co., Nashville, Tenn....

-do...

Winston Drug Co., Winston-Salem,

N. C.

..do

W. B. Horn & Son, Winston-
Salem,
.do Bodenheimer Bros., Waugh-
town.
Terry-Taylor Drug Co., Norfolk, jMiller Grocery Co., North

J. D. Kelly, Durham

M. A. McSwain & Son, Shelby..
The Atkinson Co., Elkin..

Va.
Thomas Drug Co., West Durham,
N. C.

Wilkesboro.
Thomas Drug Co., West Dur-
ham.

MAPLE SIRUP AND MAPLE SIRUP SUBSTITUTES.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Sirup is the sound product made by purifying and evaporating the
juice of a sugar-producing plant without removing any of the sugar.

Maple sirup is sirup made by the evaporation of maple sap or by the
solution of maple concrete, and contains not more than 32 per cent of
water and not less than 0.45 per cent of maple sirup ash.

-The Bulletin.

51

AND LEMON EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES— Cowfrnwed.

« ^ »

=3 o

«- S I o

O (L* o) _-

-« o I o

13491
14128

14134'
13467,

14127:

13922

13493;

13457

14129

13497:

13466
13483

13441
13455
13464

134711

13453

13465;
139271
13494

13487

13484

13498

13468

3.60

6.20

5.50

4.60

5.20

5.80

3.40

5.60

5.40

5.90

5.20
4.40

4.60
6.40
4.60

4.40

5.00

5.40
5.20
6.20

3.40

4.00

0.00

1.80

> .

o— <"i 2

O; i:

3.40

6.10

5.60

4.70

5.30

6.00

3.50

5.30

5.60

5.90

5.50
4.50

4.70
6.40
4.70

4.40

5.30

5.50
5.30

3.30

0.00
1.60

75.6

76.0

I

76.0

75.6
76.0

74. 7|
75.61
75.6
76.0

75.6:

i
75.61

75.61

75.6
75.6
75.6

75.6

75.6

75.6
74.7
75.6

75.6

75.6

O

o o <u

1.4756

1.4759

1.4759

1.4756

1.4759

1.4753

1.4756

1.4756

1.4759

1.4756

1.4756
1.4756

1.4756
1.4756
1.4756

1.4756

1.4756

1.4756
1.4753
1.4756

1.4756

1.4756

0.81821
0.84736

0.82060

0.81982

76.70
88.36
80.32
84.41
88.65

Lemon extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-
branded; sale illegal.
Lemon extract.

75. 6i 1.475«

Remarks and Conclusions.

do.

Lemonextract, slightly below standard; adulterated;

sale illegal.
Lemon extract.

do.

89.85 Lemon extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-
branded; sale illegal.
86.56 Lemon extract.

88.65 do.

79.52 do.

82.22 do.

81.75 Lemon extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-

branded; sale illegal.

76.76 do.

86.40 Lemon extract.

82.92 Lemon extract, slightly below standard; adulterated;
sale illegal.

82.63 Lemon extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-
branded; sale illegal.

85.63 Lemon extract.

81.77 do.
do.

74.32 do.

74.36 Lemon extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-
branded; sale illegal.
73.67 do.

45.71 Imitation lemon extract; adulterated; misbranded;

sale illegal.
69.31 Lemon extract, much below standard; adulterate c
I misbranded; sale illegal.

The principal adulteration found in maple sirup is tlie addition of
refiner's sugar sirup, the maple sirup present being depended on to flavor
th« Avhole, though the maple flavor is often reinforced by the addition
of an extract of bark or an imitation flavor. Before the food laws were
enforced maple sirups were adulterated with glucose sirup and the imi-
tation flavor ; but as maple sirup consists largely of sucrose or ordinary
sugar, the presence of added cane sugar is more difficult to detect than
the presence of glucose sirup. However, the addition of cane sugar

52

.HE

B

ULLETIN.

sirup can be detected by the determination of minor constituents which
occur in maple products only.

The manufacturers of these products often use labels that, while not
in open violation of the law, are easily misleading to the unsuspecting

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MAPLE

Material and Brand
from Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

13423 Sirup, Table, Cane and
Maple, Standard.

13417 Sirup, Maple, Pure
Food, Sunbeam.

13421 Sirup, Cane, Maple
Flavor, Hudson.

13405 Sirup, Maple Sap, Pure,

Sunbeam.
12258 Sirup, Maple Sap,

Pride of Ohio.
13426 Sirup, Cane and Maple

Sugar, Vermont.

13407 Sirup, Maple Sap, Blue
Label.

13428 Sirup, Table, Cane and

Maple, Hirsch's.
13416 Sirup, Table, Cane and

Maple, Hirsch's

Goodies
13425 Sirup, Cane and Maple,

Wayne County.
13419 Sirup, Table, Our

Pride, Colored.

13412 Sirup, Nabob Pancake.

13413 Sirup, Maple, Pure
Sap, Premier.

13409 Sirup, Maple, Vermont.

12716 Sirup, Pure Cane and
Maple Sugar, Towles'
Log Cabin.

13408 Sirup, Pure Cane and
Maple, Towles' Log
Cabin.

13424 Sirup, Cane and Maple,
Towles' Red Mill,

13422 Sirup, Maple, Our
Prid« Brand.

12706 Sirup, Scudder's Pure
Cane and Pure Maple

13410 Sirup, Scudder's Pure
Cane and Maple.

13411 Sirup, Pure Maple Sap
Bunny Brand.

Sirup, Table.JThe American Preserve Co.,
i Philadelphia, Pa.

Sirup, Maple

Sap.
Sirup, Com-
pound,
Table.
Sirup, Maple-
Sirup, Maple

Sap.
Sirup

Austin-Nichols Co., New

York, N. Y.
-...do

..do.

C. A. Crane, Warren, Ohio...

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

Crystal Conserve Co., New
j York, N. Y.
Sirup, Maple, i Curtice Bros. & Co., Roches-
i ter, N. Y.

Hirsch Bros. & Co., Louis-
ville, Ky.
....do

Sirup, Cane
and Maple.

Sirup, Com-
pound.

M. S. Jeffress, Greensboro

C. B. Keech & Co., Tarboro..
Perry Grocery Co., Durham..

Pickett Bros., Lexington

J. M. Tisdale, Burlington

C. A. Jones, Winston-Salem..

Peedin & Peterson, Smith-
field.

Carper Grocery Co., Green-
ville.

R. C. Brown, Tarboro

Sirup, Cane
and Maple.
Sirup, Table.

Sirup

Sirup, Maple.

.do.

The Horton-Cato Mfg. Co.,

Detroit, Mich.
Gast-Crofts Co., Louisville,

Ky.
Francis H. Leggett & Co.,

New York, N. Y.
....do

Sirup.

Sirup Com-
pound.

....do

Sirup, Maple.
Sirup

...do.

Sirup, Maple.

C. M. Tice & Co., Boston,

Mass.
The Towles Maple Product
Co., St. Johnsbury, Vt.

_...do ,

.do.

Scudder Sirup Co., Chicago,

111.
....do....

...do.

W. T. Sockwell, Greensboro. .

Sizemore Bros., Oxford

Lackey Bros., Hamlet

J. H. Monger, Sanford

W. J. Byrd, Fayetteville

Spencer & Co., Kinston

A. & P. Tea Co., Greensboro-

E. M. Townes, Reidsville

F. E. Barnes, Goldsboro

A. S. Melvin. Fayetteville

M. A. Bethune, Fayetteville..

The Bulletin.

53

consumer. Products thus labeled are regarded by the Department as
misbranded, for if any purchaser is misled thereby its sale is illegal.
A label must tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.
See the results below.

SIRUPS AND COMPOUND MAPLE SIRUPS.

tiXl

o 01

o <v

QO

o «

•2°o

S

gg'o

O

3 © t;

o

O
O

d
^

Remarks and Conclusions.

13423

13417

67.90

67.00

134211 68.30

13405
12258
13426

66.10
67.70
66.10

13407 68.60
13428! 70.20
13416 69.00

13425j 66.40
13419; 67.60

I

13412i 66.40
13413 67.20

13409
12715

13408

13424
13422
12706
13410
13411

67.00
66.40

67.40

66.40
60.90
68.70
70.20
67.70

.14

.55
.06

.58
.53
.18
.55
.58
.53

.12
.37
.21
.60

.48
.11

.12

.08

.60
.24
.18
.60

.05

.24
.02

.23
.21
.07
.17
.20
.10

.07
.05
.05
.25
.19
.04

.04

.02

.05
.11
.05
.18

.09

.31
.04

.35
.32
.11
.38
.38
.40

.05
.32
.16
.35
.29
.07

.08

.06
.55
.13
.13
.42

57.00

+58.00
+65.00

60.00
13.00
55.00
60.00
50.00
54. CO

62.00
47.00
46.00
61.00
56.00
57.60

62.00

33.00
40.00
34.00
58.00
58.00

—22.00

—20.90
—22.00

—22.00
—20.00
—20.90
—22.00
—20.90
—20.90

—20.90
—20.90
—22.00
—22.00
—22.00
—20.90

59.50

59.40
65.50

61.80
24.80
57.20
61.80
53.40
56.40

62.50
51.20
51.30
62.60
58.80
59.20

—22.00 63.30

—22.00: 41.40

00.00

30.10

-22.00 42.20
-22.00j 60.30
-22.001 60.30

0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00

0.00
5.70
0.00
0.00
0.001

.09

1.36
34

1.44

1.19

65

1.27

.58

.65

.39

.65

.18

1.32

1.20

.17

.13

19.40

39.40
9.50

36.60
19.90

32.40
28.50

9.90
32.90

15.70

32.10 Cane sirup, containing maple
sirup; should be labeled cane
sirup, maple flavor.

33.00 Maple sirup.

31.70 Cane sirup, containing maple
sirup.

33.90 Maple sirup.

32.30 Maple sirup; amount of sucrose

small.
33.90 Cane and maple sirup.

31.40 Maple sirup.

29.80 Cane and maple sirup.

31.00 do.

33.60 Cane sirup, containing maple

sirup.
32.40 Cane and maple sirup. (

33.60 do.

32.80 Maple sirup.

33.00 do.

33.60 Cane sirup, containing maple
sirup.

32.60 do.

.15

9.80

33.60

do.

.60

40.20

39.10

Compound sirup, containing
maple sirup.

.39

18.70

31.30

Cane sirup, containing maple
sirup.

.27

29.80

Cane and maple sirup; cane
sirup being much in excess.

1.48

32.30

Maple sirup.

54

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MAPLE

>,

Material and Brand
from Label.

Sold by
Dealer as—

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13418

Sirup, Pure Maple Sap,

Sirup, Maple.

Scudder-Crane Co., Warren,

Cannady & Alston, Oxford

Crane's Twin Stars.

Ohio.

13427

Sirup, Maple Sap, do

Scudder's Sirup Co., Chicago,

J. A. Hauchins & Co., Win-

Scudder's Canada.

111.

ston-Salem.

13420

Sirup, Maple, Ferndell

....do

Sprague- Warner Co., Chicago,

Patterson Bros. & Co., Dur-

Brand.

111.

ham.

13414

Sirup, Maple Sap, do

Welch Bros. Maple Sirup Co.,

Barnes-Graves Grocery Co.,

Green Mountain Boy. i

Burlington, Vt.

Wilson.

13415

Sirup, Breakfast, Cane Sirup, Break-

R. C. Williams & Co., New-

F. Y. Arrington, Rocky

and Maple, Robin fast.

York, N. Y.

Mount.

Hood Brand. 1

13406

Sirup, Genuine Maple iSirun. Manle

. do

L. E. Monroe & Son, Laurin-

Sap, Royal Scarlet

burg.

Brand.

MILK AND CREAM.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Milk is the fresh, clean, lacteal secretion obtained by the complete
milking of one or more healthy cows properly fed and kept, excluding
that obtained Avithin fifteen days before and ten days after calving, and
contains not less than eight and one-half (8.5) per cent of solids not fat,
and not less than three and one-quarter (3.25) per cent of milk fat.

Blended milk is milk modified in its composition so as to have a defi-
nite and stated percentage of one or more of its constituents.

Skim-milk is milk from which a part or all of the cream has been
removed, and contains not less than nine and one-quarter (9.25) per
cent of milk solids.

Cream is that portion of milk, rich in milk fat, which rises to the
surface of milk on standing, or is separated from it by centrifugal force,
is fresh and clean, and contains not less than eighteen (18) per cent of
milk fat.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA

>>

.S ^

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13637

13161
13760
13757

Milk... Adams, Judge S. B., Greensboro, Greensboro Drug Co., Greens-

N. C. I boro.

do James A. Anderson, Watha

do Arnold Bros., New Bern, N. C jBusy Bee Caf6, New Bern

--.-do ....do F. S. Duffy, New Bern

The Bulletin.

55

SIRUPS AND COMPOUND MAPLE SIRUPS— Continued.

13418
13427
13420
13414
13415

13406

o (u

65.90
63.00
66.10
67.60
67.00

67.40

o 0)

.59
.45

.49

.50
.13

.49

^ s

o o>
CCPM

.21
.16
.13
.21
.03

.14

.38
.29
.36
.29
.10

;35

•St:
^> .

Phhho

49.00
52.00
58.00
59.00
64.00

58.00

•2o

3q <B

-20.90
-20.90
-22.00
-22.00
-22.00

-22.00

o

O o C

52.60
54.90
60.30
61.00
64.40

60.30

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00

1.53
1.29
1.10
1.21
.29

1.24

O
K

O
O

47.80
42.00
38.60

9.60

O

c3

34.10
37.00
33.90
32.40
33.00

32.60

Remarks and Conclusions.

Maple sirup.

do.

' do.

do.

Cane sirup, containing maple
sirup.

Maple sirup.

Under the head of milk and cream 103 samples of milk and 7 samples
of cream have been examined. Of the 103 samples of milk, 25 were
below standard, and of the 7 samples of cream 1 was slightly below
standard.

The Food Law provides that a food product shall be deemed to be
adulterated —

If any substance has been mixed or packed with it so as to reduce or
lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength ;

If its strength or purity falls below the standards that have been
adopted by the Board of Agriculture.

The results of the examination indicate that water had been added to
the milk, which reduced and lowered its quality or strength. The addi-
tion of water to milk makes the sale of same illegal, and the fact that
25 of the samples examined were below standard made their sale illegal.

See results in table below.

TION OF MILK AND CREAM.

-1^

t^

I

0

£0

-t^

, Butter
Cent.

ds— Per

ding
ractome
Fat, 40°

ractive
ex of Fa

.»^ t-i

■^,■0

a^

S

ChPh 0

i^^

13637

3.60

12.90

44.2

1.4553

Milk.

13161

5.20

13.60

45.0

1.4558

do

13760

3.80

10.60

44.2

1.4553

do

13757

3.40

12.90

44.2

1.4553

do

Remarks and Conclusions.

56

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13753

13754
12752

13578
13782
13781 I
137831
13784 1
13806!
13743 1
13635
13673
13809
13803 j
13805
13798

13802
13763

13728

13818
12961
13998

13761
13767
13827
13825
14006

13639

13792
13602
14148
13768
137701
138081
13777!

13604'
13789
137901.

13791|.
13811 .
138141.
13823.
13769.

Milk.

Arthur, S. A., Morehead City, N. C...

I

.do.
.do.

_.-.do

....do

....do

....do

..-.do.....

....do

....do

....do

Cream

...MUk...,

.-..do

.-.do

....do

Morehead City Drug Co., More-
head City.

R. E. Lee, Morehead City

Chalk's Pharmacy, Morehead
City.

W. G. Baptist, Wendell

Battley, T.-E., Hamlet, N. C .iHamlet Candy Kitchen, Hamlet.

....do

Baker, J. R

Morehead City, N. C...

-do-
.do.
-do-

Hamlet Pharmacy, Hamlet.

Athens Caf 6, Hamlet

Fox Drug Co., Hamlet

Brown's Caf§, Charlotte

Biltmore
Dairy Milk.

—.do.
Cream .

Milk...

Beatty, T. J., Mount Holly, N. C.

Bell, A. L., Goldsboro, N. C Royal Fruit Store, Goldsboro ..

Belmont Dairy, Greensboro, N. C Johnson's Caf6, Greensboro

Bernhardt, G. M., Salisbury, N. C J. W. McPherson, Salisbury

Berryhill, J. O., Charlotte, N. C jBowen's Drug Store, Charlotte.

do jBrannon-Hahn Co., Charlotte..

do Brown's Caf6, Charlotte

do. Hospital Supply and Drug Co.,

Charlotte.

do

Biltmore Farms, Biltmore, N. C

Biltmore Creamery, Asheville, N. C. .

Moody's Drug Store, Charlotte...
Bradham's Broad Street Store,

New Bern.
Teague & Ashe, Asheville

.do.
.do.
.do.

.do-
.do.
.do.
.do.

Blanton, W. H., Shelby, N. C Sloop Drug Co., Shelby

Mrs. Lucy G. Boyd, Reidsville...
Brame Drug Co., North Wilkes-
boro.

Bray, F. L iClark's Cigar Store, New Bern

Brown, W. A., Rocky Mount, N. C._. Woodall & Shepherd, Wilmington.

Burrage's Dairy, Concord, N. C.

.-do

Byerly's Dairy

Milk.

Piedmont Caf6, Concord

Kondrows Co., Concord

Fairview Drug Co., Winston-
Salem.
Globe Caf6, Greensboro

Clauda, W. F., & Sons, Greensboro,

N. C.
Cloverdale Dairy, Monroe, N. C |N. D. Saleeby, Monroe

John W. Covington, Rockingham.

E. C. Croft, Wilmington...

Croft, E. C, Wilmington, N. C Warren Candy Co., Wilmington..

Croft, E. C, Wilmington, N. C ..Mission Pharmacy, Wilmington...

Davis, R. S. & H. W., Charlotte, N.C. Charlotte Drug Co., Charlotte....
Cream jDuniven & Plemmons, Lumberton, McDonald Drug Co., Lumberton.

N.C.

.do.
.do.
-do-
.do.
-do.
-do-

Milk .-jEdwards, Mrs. D. M., Raleigh, N. C.

.do.
.do.

.do-
.do.
.do.
-do.
.do.

New York Quick Lunch, Raleigh.
Parson's Drug Co., Wadesboro

Ferndon Dairy, Wadesboro, N. C.
do Fox & Lyon Drug Co., Wades-
boro.

do ". Pee Dee Pharmacy, Wadesboro...

Gastonia Dairy, Gastonia, N. C Kennedy's Drug Store, Gastonia.

do Piedmont News Co., Gastonia

Gibson Drug Co., Concord.

Glenwood Dairy Farm, Wilmington, Orton Confectionery, Wilming-
N. C. 1 ton.

The Bulletin.

57

TION OF MILK AND CREAM— Continued.

Laboratory
Number.

Fat, Butter—
Per Cent.

i
1

Reading
Refractometer
on Fat, 40° C.

Refractive
Index of Fat.

Remarks and Conclusions.

13753

4.80

14.50 44.2

I

1.4553

Milk.

13754

3.50

12.10 44.2

1.4553'

do.

13752

4.00

12.90 44.2

1.4553

do.

13578

4.74
1.60

12.48
10.60

do.

13782

44.2

1.4553:

Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

13781

4.20

13.20

44.2

1.4553

Milk.

13783

3.40

12.10

44.2

1.45.53

do.

13784

4.40

13.50

44.2

1.4553|

do.

13806

4.40

13.50

44.2

1.4553

do.

13743

4.40

14.10

44.2

1.4553*

do.

13635 3.40

11.60

44.2

1.4553

do.

13673

17.50

24.80

45.0

1.4559;

Cream, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

13809

4.20

12.50

44.2

1.46531

Milk.

13803

4.20

12.60

44.2

1.4553

do.

13805

3.80

12.50

44.2

1.4553^

do.

13798

4.00

13.00

44.2

1.4553

do.

13802 5.00

13.60

44.2

1.4553

do.

13763

26.30

31.40

44.2

1.4553

Cream.

13728

5.00

14.30

44.2

1.4553

Milk.

13818

2.00

10.90

44.2

1.4553

Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

12961

5.60

14.40

50.0

1.4693

Milk.

13998

4.30
4.80

13.20
13.40

do.

13761

44.2

1.4553

do.

13767

3.80

12.20

44.2

1.4553

do.

13827

4.20
4.20

13.10
13.00

do.

13825

44.2

1.4553

do.

14006

1.20
2.00

9.30
11.10

Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

13639

44.2

1.4553

do.

13792

7.40

15.10

44.2

1.4553

Milk.

13602

6.40

14148

5.80

15.07

44.0

1.4552

do.

13768

3.80

12.60

44.2

1.4553

do.

13770

4.40

13.70

44.2

1.4553

do.

13808

4.20

44.2

1.4553

do.

13777

24.90

31.50

44.2

1.4553

Cream.

13604

5.60

12.70

44.2

1.4553

Milk.

13789

3.6C

12.90

44.2

1.4553

do. .

13790

5.0C

14.10

44.2

1.4553

do.

13791

3.4C

12.70

44.2

1.4553

do.

13811

4.2C

12.90

46.0

1.4566

1 do.

13814

4.4C

) 13.20

46.0

1.4566

do.

13823

3.0C

) ll4C

44.2

1.4553

Milk, below standard in fat; sale illegal.

1376S

2.0(

) 11.30

1 ■

44.2

1.4553

Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

1

58

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA

II

2 B

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13766;.

13804; .
14007' -

13747|.
14004 .
13608 .
137941-
13796.
13636 .
13999;.

13765 .
13772 .

13786 .
137851-
13815L

13787 .

13788 .

13774 .

13692'.
13717J.
14241 1 .

139951.
13780.
137791-
13778 -
14001 -

13775 .
13795-
13759-

13828 1 .
14002-

13758 .
13997 .
13641 .
13666 .

13603 .

13812 .

13813 .
13755 .
13824 .

13606 .
13921 .
13742 .
13826 .

Milk.

Cream -
Milk...

Glenwood Dairy Farm, Wilmington,
N. C.

Hahn, J. W.. Charlotte. N. C

Halliman, Winston-Salem, N. C

Olympic Caf6, Wilmington.

.do-
.do.
.do-
-do.
-do-
-do-
_do-

Hadley, R. F., LaGrange, N. C.

.do_
.do-

-do-
.do.

Harden, John W., Raleigh, N. C

Helms, Charles, Monroe, N. C

— .do- --

Johnson, Biu-t, Greensboro, N. C

Jones' Dairy, Winston-Salem, N. C.

Kidd, H. L., Wilmington, N. C.
-—do-

Leach, Clarence, Laurinburg, N. C.
.-do

-do Leonard, J. A., Lincolnton, N. C

Maplewood Dairy, Rockingham, N.C.
-...do

Martindale, O., Wilmington, N. C

-do-
-do.
-do.

-do---.

-do---,
--do....
Human.

Milk

---do----
-— do--.-
---do.---
— -do-...

McComb's, D., Dairy, Hickory, N.C.
Morgan, J. L., Marion, N. C

Brannon-Hahn Co., Charlotte

Grimes Mills Drug Co., Winston-
Salem.

Floyd Barwick, LaGrange

J. A. Hauchins, Winston-Salem...

Giersch's Caf6, Raleigh

H. J. Hinson, Monroe

Union Drug Co., Monroe

Greensboro Caf6, Greensboro

Welfare's Drug Store, Winston-
Salem.

J. Hicks Bunting, Wilmington

William H. Green Co., Wilming-
ton.

Noah Fields, Laurinburg

J. T. Fields, Laurinburg

J. A. Leonard, Lincolnton

Fox's Drug Store, Rockingham...

Biggs Drug Co., Rockingham

South Side Confectionery, Wil-
mington.

Moser & Lutz, Hickory

The Davis Pharmacy, Marion

J. B. Outlaw, Middlesex

Nowell, Mrs. J. R., Reidsville, N. C.

Oak Cross Dairy, Maxton, N. C

-...do

.--do -

Owens Drug Co., Winston- Salem,
N.C.

do Page Drug Co., Lumberton, N. C

-do 'Park, Lee, Dairy, Monroe, N. C

-do Pate, Will, New Bern, N. C __.-

.do.
-do..

.-do.
..do.
..do-
Cream.

Milk...

.do.
.do.
-do.
-do-

Patterson, Lewis, Concord, N. C

Pembroke Dairy, New Bern, N. C

Red Crest Farm, Elmwood, N. C

-dO-

.do.
.do.
.do.

Rhyne, M. A., Gastonia, N. C

..-do

Russell, Mrs., Beaufort, N. C

Sappenfield, C. M., Concord, N. C.

Sasser, Ben, Raleigh, N. C

Sasser, A. L., Goldsboro, N. C.
...do

Scott's Dairy, Concord, N. C.

J. R. Newman, Reidsville

Dixie Caf6, Maxton

Barnes Bros. Drug Co., Maxton..

Robeson Drug Co. , Maxton

Owens Drug Co., Winston-Salem.

i

Page Drug Co., Lumberton

The Arch Caf4, Monroe

jWood-Lane Drug Co., New Bern.

Piedmont Caf6, Concord

Polites Candy Kitchen, Winston-
Salem.
Wood-Lane Drug Co., New Bern.

Peoples Drug Co., Elkin

E. W. Robinson, LaGrange

High Point Candy Co., High

Point.
jRoyal Caf6 and Lunch Room,
Raleigh.

Morris' Caf6, Gastonia

lAdams Drug Co., Gastonia

Beaufort Drug Co., Beaufort

Sappenfield's Drug Store, Con-
cord.

,Bland Lunch Room, Raleigh

Palace Drug Store, Goldsboro

Cook Drug Co., Goldsboro

Marsh Drug Co., Concord

The Bulletin.

59

TION OF MILK ANJ) CREAM — Continued.

2>i

<0

13766

13804
14007

13747
14004
13608
13794
13796
13636
13999

13765
13772

13786
13785
13815
13787
13788
13774

13692
13717
14241

13995
13780
13779
13778
14001

13775
13795
13759

13828
14002

13758
13997
13641
13666

13603

13812
, 13813
' 13755

13824

13606
13921
13742
13826

3.60

22.70
5.20

-a

o
m

BO

[ (^_C3

u ^

01 01 ,

12.40

30.00
14.60

3.80 13.60

1.80'
6.00
4.00
2.00
3.00
3.50

2.00
3.80

3.80
3.60J
5.60'
3.00
3.00
2.80

44.2

45.0

44.2

10.80
15.40
11.10
10.50
13.20
12.10

10.40
12.20

11.60
11.90
14.10
11.60
11.90
11.70

44.2
44.2
44.2
44.2

5.70 13.20
2.50 11.80
2.98 10.69

3.80
4.40
5.70
4.40
3.00

5.10|
5.80
4.60
4.40
4.50

2.50

1.50

6.00

19.00

10.70
13.30|
14.40
13.70
12.00

13.90
14.30
13.20
13.60
12.30

10.20
9.07

26.60

+3

Si

-8°

u o

1.4553

1.4559

1.4553

Remarks and Conclusions.

Milk.

Cream.
MUk.

do.

44.2
44.2

44.2
44.2
44.2
44.2
44.2
44.2

45.0
44.2

. Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.
1.4553|Milk.
1.4553JMilk, slightly below standard.
1.4553iMilk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

1.4553

Milk, below standard in milk fat; adulterated; sale illegal.
Milk.

1.4553!Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.
1.4553 Milk.

1.4553

do.

1.4553 do.
1.4553 do.
1.4553|Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

1.4553
1.4553

do.
do.

1.4559 Milk.

1.4553 Milk, below standard in milk fat; adulterated; sale illegal.
._ Milk, low in fat and total solid matter.

44.2
44.2
44.2

44.2
44.2
44.2

44.2

1.4553
1.4553
1.4553

Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.
Milk.

do.

do.

do.

1.4553
1.4553
1.4553

do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

52.5
45.0

6.00 13.80 44.2

6.00
5.80
3.40
4.20

4.40
4.80
4.80

14.80
15.40
11.80
12.50

13.10
12.90
12.90

4.801 14.30

44.2
44.2
44.2
44.2

44.2
44.2
44

1.4553JMilk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

I do.

1.4610 MUk.
1.4559 Cream.

1.4553

1.4553
1.4553
1.4553
1.4553

1.4553
1.4553
1.4553

Milk.

do.
do.
do.
do.

do.
do.
do.
do.

60

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINA

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by

Dealer

as —

Mannfactnrer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

14000

Milk -

Shaffner & Landquest, Winston-

13607

.do

Smith, W. W., Raleigh, N. C

Salem.
White's Caf6, Raleigh

13773

....do

Spencer, Dairyman, Wilmington, N.C.

South Side Drug Co., Wilmington

13762
13764

-..do

Cream

Stevenson, J. H., New Bern, N. C

....do

Bradham's Broad Street Store,

New Bern.
....do

14005

Milk

The Sweet Shop, Winston-Salem.

13669
13638
13996
13750
13751

....do

—do

....do

....do

Ho

Thackey Dairy, High Point, N. C...
Thompson, J. A., Greensboro, N. C—
Tucker, Mrs. R. H., Reidsville, N.C.

Tull, George W., Kinston, N. C

do

New York Caf6, High Point

Still Drug Co., Greensboro

R. H. Tucker, Reidsville

J. E. Hood & Co., Kinston

E. B. Marston Drug Co., Kinston.
Thompson's Drug Store, Win-

14003

i do,_ _

13605

do

Walters, B. N., Raleigh, N. C

Warren, A. G., Ice-cream Co., Wil-
mington, N. C.
White Pine Creamery, Asheville,N.C.

ston-Salem.
Wright's Caf6, Raleigh

13771

..... .__„.._._

Neely Caf6, Wilmington..

13713

Cream

Milk

Allison's Drug Store, Asheville...

13726

do '--' do

13727

i....do

....do.. -.-

Eureka Caf6, Asheville

13807

do

Williams, P. H., Dairy, Charlotte,

N.C.
Woodlawn Dairy, Lumberton, N. C...

W. L. Hand & Co., Charlotte

13776

1

____do

McMillan's Pharmacy, Lumber-

ton.

The Bulletin.

61

TION OF MILK AND CREAM— Continued.

3l

Pat, Butter—
Per Cent.

03

1

Reading
Refractometer
on Fat, 40° C.

Refractive
Index of Fat.

Remarks and Conclusions.

14000

2.90
4.40

11.50
12.70

Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

13607

44.2

1.4553

Milk.

13773

5.40

14.10

44.2

1.4553

do.

13762

5.60

14.50

44.2

1.4553

do.

13764

27.40

.33.00

44.2

1.4553

Cream.

14005

2.80
6.20

11.50
14.90

Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

13669

44.2

1.4553

Milk.

13638

4.20

10.90

44.2

1.4553

Milk, below standard in total solids; adulterated; sale illegal.

13996

3.60
4.40

12.60
14.00

Milk.

13750

44.2

1.4553

do.

13751

4.00

13.00

44.2

1.4553

do.

14003

3.60
3.40

12.30
10.40

' do.

13605

44.2

1.4553

MOk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

13771

5.40

14.30

44.2

1.4553

MUk.

13713

30.70

36.80

45.0

1.4559

Cream.

13726

2.70

10.60

44.2

1.4553

Milk, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

13727

2.20

10.90

44.2

1.4553

do.

13807

3.80

12.00

44.2

1.4553

Milk.

13776

3.80

11.70

44.2

1.4553

do.

62

The Bulletin.

CONDENSED MILK.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Condensed milk, evaporated milk, is milk from wliicli a considerable
portion of water has been evaporated, and contains not less than 28 per
cent of milk solids, of which not less than 27.5 per cent is milk fat.

Sweetened condensed milk is milk from which a considerable portion
of water has been evaporated and to which sugar (sucrose) has been

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION

Material and Brand from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

14273

14263
14261
14256

14248

14252
14277

14268

Columbian Brand, Evaporated Cream, Unsweetened.

Borden's Columbian Evaporated Milk

Borden's Columbian Brand, Unsweetened

Borden's Peerless, Unsweetened, Sterilized Evaporated

Milk.
Evaporated Milk, Pilgrim Brand, Sterilized, Unsweetened.

.do.

Our Pet Brand, Evaporated Milk, Unsweetened.

....do.

142641. ...do.
14258

Hire's Gold Brand, Sterilized, Unsweetened, Evaporated

MUk.
Condensed Milk, Gold Brand

Borden's Condensed Milk Co., New
York, N. Y.

....do

....do .:...

.-..do

Continental Condensed Milk Co., Mill
Hall, Pa.

....do

Helvetia Condensing Milk Co., High-
land, 111.

-...do

....do

Hire's Condensed Milk Co., Philadel-
phia, Pa.

..-do .-

...do

...do .-

....do :..

...do.... ...:

Indian Condensed Milk Co., Sheridan,

Ind.
Libby, McNeill & Libby, Chicago, 111...
..-do

Mohawk Condensed Milk Co., Roches-
ter, N. Y.
14274 [Evaporated Milk, Sharpless Acorn Brand, Unsweetened... IP. E. Sharpless Co., Philadelphia, Pa...

14276 Evaporated Milk, Van Camp's, Unsweetened.. ..iVan Camp Packing Co., Indianapolis,

I Ind.

14275 Evaporated Milk, Van Camp's Unsweetened, Uncolored, do

I Sterilized.
14266 Evaporated MUk, Van Camp's, Uncolored, Unsweetened..! do

14246

14250|Evaporated Milk, Gold Brand, Sterilized, Full Cream..

14251 Evaporated Skimmed MUk, Sunrise Brand

14253. ...do

14254 Evaporated MUk, Full Cream, SterUized, Gold Brand..
14271 Wilson's Evaporated MUk, Contains not less than 23%

Solids and 7.80% Butter Fat.
14267! Evaporated Milk, Libby's Unsweetened

14255 Evaporated MUk, Libby's Sterilized, Unsweetened

14272!Evaporated MUk, Unsweetened, Gold Cross Brand

14245, Evaporated MUk, Van Camp's, Sterilized, Uncolored,

I Unsweetened.
14247 Evaporated MUk, Van Camp's...

14257 Evaporated Milk, Unsweetened, ^very Day Brand

14269|.-.do

14260 Evaporated Milk, Every Day Brand, Unsweetened,

SterUized.
14262 Evaporated MUk, Royal Scarlet Brand

.do.

.do.

John WUdi Evaporated Milk Co.,

Columbus, Ohio,
-—do

John WUdi Evaporated MUk Co., High-
land, 111.
R. C. WiUiams & Co., New York, N.Y.-

The Bulletin.

63

added, and contains not less than 28 per cent of milk solids, of wliieh
not less than 27.5 per cent is milk fat.

Co7idensed skim-milk is skim-milk from which a considerable portion
of water has been evaporated.

Because of the condition of the standard, the results of the examina-
tion of 29 samples of unsweetened condensed milk, and condensed skim-
milk are presented without comment in the table below.

These results can be used in comparing the quality or richness of
brands represented.

OF CONDENSED MILK.

g S

14273

14263
14261
14256

14248

14252
14277

O. H. Walker, Winston-Salem _

Retail Dealer or Party Who Sent Sample for Analysis.

Eagle Grocery, Elizabeth City

T. J. Raynor, Elizabeth City

E. B, Hackburn, New Bern, N. C.

J. B. Sawyer, Morehead City

B. B. Davenport, New Pern..
S. H. Youngblood, Charlotte.

J. Broughton & Bros., Hertford-
Walter Credle Co., Washington-.

M. L. McRae, Maxton

J. D. Phillips, More'head City

J. B. Morton, Morehead City

Lucas & Lewis, New Bern

..do

J. A. Isley & Bro. Co., Burlington-

Peedin & Peterson, Smithfield-

H. C. -Armstrong, New Bern -

J. R. Chrisman & Bro., Greensboro-

14268IJ. H. Riley, Wilson.

14264

14258

14246
14250
14251
14253
14254
14271

14267
14255
14272

14274
14276

14275

14266
14245

1I247
14257

14269
14260

14262

D. H. Ray, Fayetteville

Smith Grocery Co., Lexington.

Lopp Bros., Lexington

Davis & Son, Plymouth-. .
M. W. Pope, Mount Olive.

J. T. Pinkston & Son, Wadesboro.
Joseph F. Taylor, Washington

Shearin & Parham, Rocky Mount

W. H. Cartwight & Son, Elizabeth City

Eagle Grocery Co., Elizabeth City

3 c

53 -g
S a)

8.10

7.35
6.90
7.50

7.20

6.90
8.25

7.80
8.40
6.45

7.05
6.60
0.00
0.00
6.75
7.50

7.50
6.60
7.35

7.20
6.75

7.50

7.20
7.05

7.80
7.05

6.90
7.50

8.10

29.87

26.04
25.83
28.37

25.37

25.44
26.36

26.12
30.25
26.06

25.89
24.83
20.45
20.26
25.81
25.18

25.50
26.11
25.31

25.07
27.03

27.49

25.65

26.81

27.32
26.33

26.17
26.73

25.81

Oo

O t.

ih (a

27.30

28.40
26.70
26.10

28.50

27.10
31.50

30.10
27.901
25.00!

27.30
26.80
00.00
00.00
26.40
29.90

29.50
25.30
29.10

28.70
25.20

27.40

28.10
26.30

28.50
26.80

26.50
28.60

31.40

7.40

6.44
6.44
7.53

5.87

6.25

7.08

6.64
7.98
7.08

6.64
6.25
7.20
6.83
6.51
6.38

6.51
6.83
6.44

6.70
7.34

7.15

6.64
6.76

6.51
7.40

6.83
6.64

7.21

64

The Bulletin.

MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLES.

Samples, 20 in number, sent to the Department for analysis, being
only a few of each kind, are grouped under the head of "Miscellaneous

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION

■^1

Material.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

13065
12964
13056
13687
12651
12802
13950
12066
9818
12534
12890
13057
13736
14141
14140
12963
14142
13055
13286
13061

Meat

Sausage Meat

Egg Flip

Ginger

Sugar

Salt

Baking Powder. .

Salt

Whiskey

Capudine

Salt

Egg Flip

Blackberry Wine.

Fruit Powders

....do

Souse Meat

Fruit Powder

Egg Flip..

Ginger Ale

...-do

J. B. Allen, Henderson, N. C.

J. C. Brantley, Raleigh, N. C...

Clotworthy Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md..

R. B. Davis Co., Hoboken, N. J.

Green River Distilling Co...
H. T. Hicks, Raleigh, N. C.

King-Crowell Drug Co., Raleigh, N. C.

Norman-Perry Drug Co., Winston-Salem, N. C.
..-do

Vaughn-Crutchfield Co., Winston-Salem, N. C.

The Wake Drug Store, Raleigh, N. C

Wurzbiirger Ginger Ale Co., Portsmouth, Va....
....do

MOLASSES AND SIRUPS.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Sirup is the sound product made by purifying and evaporating the
juice of a sugar-producing plant without removing any of the sugar.

Sugar-cane sirup is sirup made by the evaporation of the juice of the
sugar-cane, or by the solution of sugar-cane concrete.

Sorghum sirup is sirup made by the evaporation of sorghum juice or
by the solution of sorghum concrete.

Eefiners' sirup is the residual liquid product obtained in the process
of refining raw sugar.

Molasses is the product after separating the sugar from massecuite,
melada, mush sugar, or concrete.

Molasses or sirup that is compounded or mixed with glucose or any
other substance to cheapen or lower its quality must be labeled so as to
plainly indicate what the product is. That is, a mixture of molasses and
corn sirup, with the molasses in excess, would be properly labeled mo-
lasses and com sirup. If the corn sirup is in excess, it should be labeled

The Bulletin.

65

Samples," and the conclusions drawn from the results of the analyses
are published in the table below.

OF MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLES.

I.S

2 6

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

Remarks and Conclusions.

13065 J. B. Allen, Henderson, R. F. D

12964 Mrs. I. J. Arden, Black Mountain- ..

13056 B. F. Dixon, Raleigh

13687 M. W. Nash, Hamlet

12651 Dr. L. A. Crowell, Lincolnton

12802 C. P. Davis, Colerain

13950 John Lewis, Southern Pines - .

12066 J. W. Draper, Caraway

9818 P. W. Glidewell, Reidsville

12534 H. T. Hicks, Raleigh -.

12890 T. E. Hilliard, Middlesex

13057 B. F. Dixon, Raleigh

13736 M. W. Nash, Hamlet

14141 C. C. Sanford Sons Co., Mocksville.

14140 J. T. Angell, Mocksville

12963 W. C. Sutton, Kinston

14142 City Grocery Co., Madison

13155 B. F. Dixon, Raleigh

13286 Capt. F. F. Brown, Raleigh

13061 F. L. Wallard, U. S. Inspector, Raleigh

Meat, ham, in bad condition; sale illegal.

Meat, sausage, contained starch.

Egg flip, alcohol (by volume), .65%.

Extract of ginger; misbranded; sale illegal.

Sugar, in which a little bluing was left in the manufacture.

Common salt; little impurity.

Baking powder, phosphate; low in carbon dioxide gas.

Common salt, small amount of magnesium chloride.

Straight whiskey; properly aged.

Capudine; alcohol (by volume), 6.60%.

Common salt; no impurity.

Egg flip; alcohol (by volume), 1.72%.

Intoxicating; sale illegal.

Salicylic acid; use in food deleterious to health.

do.
Souse meat; appeared to be all right.
Salicylic acid; use in food deleterious to health.
Egg flip; alcohol (by volume), 2.92%.
Ginger ale; misbranded; sale illegal.

do.

corn sirup and molasses. Corn sirup containing a small amount of cane
sirup should be labeled so as to plainly indicate the facts in the case.
A label, "Corn and Cane Sirup," is not, in our judgment, a proper label
for a product composed largely of corn sirup containing a small amount
of cane sirup. A product so labeled should contain a material amount
of the cane sirup.

Eefiners' sirup is not cane sirup, and cannot be legally sold as such.
Neither would a mixture of corn sirup and refiners' sirup be properly
labeled if labeled com and cane sirup. It should be labeled corn and
refiners' sirup or compound sirup.

Molasses and sirups seem to be much adulterated and misbranded.
Some manufacturers are disposed to hide the truth in regard to the real
character of compound sirups, while others label them plainly what they
are, as will be seen by reference to the table below ; but the greater num-
ber of violations in the sale of this class of products are committed by
the retail dealers. They buy the products in bulk, labeled compound
or with the name of the ingredients on the label, showing that it is a
compound, and then they proceed to sell it as a pure product. Some

66

The Bulletin.

of these products are labeled corn and cane sirup, wliich label Avould
appear to indicate about equal parts of each ingredient, when as a
fact it is corn sirup or glucose flavored with or containing a small
amount of cane sirup. Manufacturers often usq the term cane sirup
when the product is not cane sirup, but is refiners' sirup instead. They
also label some of these compound sirups ''Table Sinip." If a product
contains corn sirup, glucose, or any other substance except one made

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MOLASSES

+3 ^

■^1

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13142
12723
12981

12719
13075

Sirup, American

Table.
Molasses, Dove

Brand.
Corn Sirup and

Country Sor-

ghum.Tenn. Br'd

Table Sirup.

Molasses

Sirup

.do.

Corn and Refiners'
Sirup, Our
Duchess.

L. Molasses.

13157
13066

13120

13111
13101
13098
12713
13137

13159 Molasses, Porto
Rico, Capitol.
13 154 1 Refined Sugar and
Corn Sirup, Old
Va. Waffle Sirup.
' Delicious Table

Sirup.
I. ...do

Compound
Sirup.

Molasses.
....do...

Sirup.

..do...

Molasses.

..do...

..do...
Sirup

Molasses.

Sirup.

13097

12716

13087

12751
13110
12710

13090
12722

13128

Table Sirup.

.do.

Sugar Sirup, Sun-
beam Fancy.

Sugar Sirup.

Sirup..
....do.
....do.

Sirup, Compound,
Davis, No. 6.

Sirup and Molasses,
Bell's Comp.

Molasses.
Sirup

..do.

American Sirup and Preserving

Co., Nashville, Tenn.
Alexander Molasses Co., Chicago,

111.
American Sirup and Preserving

Co., Nashville, Tenn.

Angel & Hooper, New Bern, N. C.

C. W. Antrim & Sons Co., Rich-
rriond, Va.

.do.
.do.

.do.

.do-
.do.
.do-
.do.

Atlas Specialty Co., Richmond,
Va.
..do

Atlas Preserving Co., Baltimore,
Md.
..do

.4ustin-Nichols Co., New York,

N. Y.
-...do...

Bentley, Shiver & Co., Balti-
more, Md.

Blackburn, Morris & Co., New
Orleans, La.

J. W. Williams, Reidsville.
C. D. Jones Co., Beaufort.
E. B. Liles, Rockingham..

E. A. Cherry, Morehead.

City.
N.J. Bell, Fayetteville..

R. C. Poore, Mount Airy...
J. S. Barbour & Sons, Clay-
ton.
Eugene Johnston, Littleton.

Curtis-Pierson Co., Enfield.

O. O. Boykin, Tarboro

H. S. Joyner, Rocky Mount

Hardy Hill, Kin-ston.

Apex Mule and Supply Co.,
Apex.

G. W. Miller Co., North
Wilkesboro.

Meadow Supply Co., Madi-
son.

Oppenheimer's, Rocky

Mount.
Spencer & Co., Kinston

The Home Store, Southern
Pines.

T. E. White, Edenton

J. L. Barnes, Enfield.

Floyd Barwick, LaGrange..

Bell & Etheridge, Wilson...
J. D. Phillips, Morehead

City.
E. G. Davis & Son Co.,

Henderson.

The Bulletin.

67

from the juice of a sugar-producing plant without removing any of the
sugar, it is not a pure, true sirup, and cannot be properly labeled table
sirup. Such products must be sold as compound sirup, refiners' sirup,
or corn sirup, as the case may be.

Dealers are again cautioned not to sell these compound products as
pure products. Their sale is all right, provided they are sold for what
they are, but they must not be sold as pure products.

AND SIRUPS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAME.

;0

13142
12723
12981

12719
13075

13157
13066

13120

13111
13101
13098
12713
13137

13159

13154

126.0
129.0
122.0

120.0
111.0

38.0
28.0

113.3

17.6
112.2

106.3

96.8

17.6
•15.4

■sj

131.0 119.9

34.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
121.0

28.0

88.0

13097 143.0
12716! 152.0

13087

10.0

32.0

12751

13110l 46. 0'

12710 86.0

130901 38. o!

12722 106.0

13128

52.0

15.4
17.6
17.6
15.4
107.8

17.6

88.0

143.0
151.8

18.7

15.4
17.6
57.2

13.2

84.7

19.8

9.50

35.10

7.40

10.30
10.70

41.90
32.70

8.30

37.20
46.40
44.90
41.70
10.00

34.30

0.00

0.00

■nO

66.50

0.00

65.50

60.90
57.30

0.00
0.00

70.10

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
63.40

0.00

76.80
77.20
76.10

73.20

73.80
75.90

74.80

80.00
75.20
74.90
74.30
74.10

75.10

Remarks and Conclusions.

23.20'Compound sirup; misbranded. Is not table sirup; sale

illegal.
22.80 Molasses.

23.90 Compound corn sirup, containing small amount of cane
sirup, and should be sold as such.

Compound sirup, sold as sirup; misrepresented; sale

illegal.
Compound sirup.

50.30 62.60

81.70

O.OOJ 86.80

1
21.601 0.00

35.70
47.90
21.70

0.00

0.00

36.70

76.40

77.00

79.50

77.00
75.60

38.50] 0.00
16. Oo! 51.40

24.20

15.80

75.50
77.70

77.70

26.80

26.20
24.10

25.20

20.00
24.80
25.10
25.70
25.90

24.90

37.40

23.60

23.00

20.50

23.00
24.40

Molas.ses.
do.

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.
Sirup,
do.
Molasses,
do. .
Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.
Molasses.

Compound sirup, branded sirup; misbranded; sale illegal.

Compound sirup, branded table sirup; misbranded; sale

illegal.
Compound sirup, branded "Delicious Table Sirup"; mis-
branded; sale illegal.
Refiners' sirup and sirup, branded "Fancy Sugar Sirup";

misbranded; sale illegal.
Sirup,
do.
Compound sirup, sold as sirup; misrepresented; sale
illegal.
24.50 Molas.ses.
22.30 Compound sirup, sold as sirup; misrepresented; sale

illegal.
22.30 Compound sirup and molasses, sold as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

68

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MOLASSES

>>

ll
II

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

12757

Molasses

do

Blackburn, Morris & Co., New

Orleans, La.
....do

J. B. Hopkins, Williamston.

12748

W. S. Blanchard & Son,

12739

. ..do..

....do

Hertford.
W. H. Bowen, Belhaven

13116

Sirub .

....do.

R. M. Purnell, Weldon

13118

Molasses

....do

Herbert Smith, Littleton...

12971

do

....do

F. L. Orr, Maxton

12967

Sirup, Georgia
Cane.

Molasses

Sirup

....do

C. H. Borneman, Wilming-

13091

G. W. Boykin Co., WUson, N C.

Charles E. Brauer & Co., Rich-
mond, Va.

ton.
Otis Winbourne, Wilson

13112

M. C. Braswell, Battleboro.

12975

D. J. McDuffie, Laurinburg

13107

do

J. B. Britt, Enfield

13108

....do

13158

Sirup, Table,
Crystal White.

Molasses, Chris-
Win.

Karo

Sirup

Castleman-Blakemore Co.,
Louisville, Ky.

Christian-Winfree Co., Rich-
mond, Va.

Corn Products Refining Co.,
New York, N. Y.

... do ■

Allen & Ulrich, North

13139
12989

Molasses

Karo

Wilkesboro.

J. A. Isley & Bro. Co., Bur-
lington.

W. H. Moffitt, Lexington-..

13153

Marv Jane

Sirup, Table
Compound.
Karo Sirup

HUl & Tilley, Winston-

12703

Karo. .

....do

Salem.
W. R. Thompson, Golds-

12711

SiruD

L. A. Cobb & Co., Kinston, N. C.
....do

boro.
Stephen Caraway, Kinston.

12714

do

Stroud Bros., Kinston

12718

do

do

•
Burwell Stroud, Kinston...

12974
12758

....do

Molasses

SiruD -

W. B. Cooper, Wilmington, N. C.

C. C. Covington, Wilmington,

N. C.
.. do

Z. Anthony, Laurinburg...
J. R. & J. G. Moye, Green-

12970

ville.
Curry-Patterson Co., Max-

12990

Sirup, Porto

Rico.
Molasses

. do^

do.

ton.
S. H. Youngblood, Char-

13067

....do.

lotte.
Ashley Home & Son, Clay-

13068

....do..

ton.
Champion Bros., Clayton..

13070
13078

....do

do

....do

W. M. Sanders, Smithfield..
W. Z. Deans, Red Springs..

12700

Sirup

Deans & Moye Co., Goldsboro,

N. C.
P. Dufif & Sons, Pittsburg, Pa

....do

G. E. Daniels, Goldsboro...

13141
13109

Molasses, New

Orleans, Duff's.
....do

Molasses

1 do

Dixie Store Co., Graham...
W. J. Burgess, Enfield

The Bulletin.

69

AND SIRUPS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAME— Continued.

s <-■

■^1

2?-,

|5^

12757

12748

12739
13116

13118
12971
12967

13091
13112

12975

13107

13108

13158

' CD'S «

•Elf !S|6

42.0

70.0

24.0
104.0

36.0
36.0
54.6

42.0
80.0

28.0
120.0

82.0
138.0

I _c3 fc<
0 0.="

Oi_iJL.

m 03 3
3 '-' u d

17.6

44.0

13.2
80.3

15.4
15.4
21.3

44.90

19.60

28.00
17.80

38.70
38.74
57.96

16.5 44.10

13139, 37.4
12989 145.0

13153

12703

12711
12714

12718

12974

12758

147.0

139.0

46.0
110.6

106.0

119.0

42.0

129701 44.6
12990 46.0

13067

42.0

13068 42.0
13070| 46.0
J3078 58.0

12700

13141

13109

127.0
38.0
38.0

48.4

15.4
103.4

55.0
127.6

15.4

137.5

138.6

133.0

16.5
92.4

88.0

99.0

14.3

17.6

17.6

17.6

17.6
18.7
24.2

114.4

19.8

17.6

23.80

32.81

12.50

20.30

7.80

39.80

5.60

6.30

0.00

28.80

0.00
49.20

0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
32.10

0.00
61.40
33.50
74.40

0.00
79.60
80.40

4.50 76.80

47.10 0.00

13.70 55.30

13.50 52.80

15.83' 58.95

76.40

76.70

74.90
75.90

77.30
78.10
70.00

76.90
76.50

75.60

73.70

74.40

•76.10

75.40

75.40

77.20

75.60

73.50

42.40

46.88

47.90

44.90

44.90
48.70
24.70

9.50

43.20

41.90

I a
In*

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

19.00

67.10

0.00

0.00

78.00

76.80

76.60

73.20

73.60

'74.50

76.40
74.10
74.10

23.60

23.30

25.10
24.10

22.70
21.90
30.00

23.10
23.50

24.40

26.30

25.60

23.90

24.60

24.60

22.80

24.40

26.50

Remarks and Conclusions.

76.40
76.90

22.00

23.20

23.40

26.80

26.40

25.50

23.60
25.90
25.90

Molasses.

Compound molasses, sold as molasses; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

Molasses.

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

Molasses.
do.

Sirup.

Molasses.

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.
Sirup.

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;
misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound sirup, misbranded. Branded "Crystal White
Table Sirup"; sale illegal.

Molasses.

Compound sirup,
do.
do.

Sirup.

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

Compound sirup. Was sold as sirup; misrepresented;
sale was illegal.

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented ; sale illegal.

Molasses.

23.60
23.10

Sirup.

do.

Molasses.

do.
do.
Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;

misrepresented; sale was illegal.
Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.
Molasses.

do.

70

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MOLASSES

I--
►2^

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

12749
12761
13072
13077
13084
13114
12731

12732
12733

13096

13099

13113
13095
13140

12741

12729

13069

12752

12753

12754

12998
12724

13100
13155
12996

12702

Molasses, St. Cath-
erine.
Sirup, Airio Brand.

Airio, Compound--

Molasses and Corn

Sirup, Pecan.
Sirup, Airio

Compound, Polly..

Molasses and Corn
Sirup, Powell
Brand, No. 1.

Molasses |P. Duff & Sons, Pittsburg, Pa...

Sirup [Dunbar Molasses and Sirup Co.,

' New Orleans, La.

Sirup, Com- do

pound.
Molasses do

White & Hathaway, Hert-
ford.

J. H. Everett Co., Farm-
ville.

W. P. Surles, Dunn

Sirup.

.do.

John J. Thrower & Co.,

Red Springs.
D. McNair, Hamlet

....do.

Molasses and Corn
Sirup, Powell,
No. 1.

Sirup, Com-
pound.
Molasses Edgerton Bros., Baltimore, Md.

Sirup, Table, Shir-
ley Brand.

Sirup, Morning

Glory.
Sirup, Merrimac

Table.

Sirup, Big Four

Table.
Molasses and Corn

Sirup, Golden.

....do.
....do.

_...do.
Sirup..

....do

....do

Sirup, Table,

Compound.

Molasses

Sirup.

Sirup, Com-
pound.
Molasses

-do.
.do.

George S. Edwards & Co., Rocky

Mount, N. C.
....do

Sirup, Table.
Molasses

Sirup, First Prize,
Fancy Table.

Sirup, Ga.-Fla.,
Cane and Corn.

Sirup

Sirup, Com-
pound Table.

Fleming & Christian Co., Rich-
mond, Va.

J. B. Flora & Co., Elizabeth City,
N. C.

Florida-Georgia Sirup Co., Jack-
sonville, Fla.

The Four Company, Norfolk, Va.

.do.
-do.
.do.

J. J. Hathaway, Battleboro.
E. K. Willis, Washington

Harrison & Phillips, Wash-
ington.

Jackson & Roberson, W'ash-
ington.

Oppenheimer's, Rocky

Mount.
Kelly Bryant & Bro., Rocky

Mount.
W. E. Edwards, Battleboro.

M. C. Faber, Wilson

Pettigrew-King Grocery

Co., Biu'lington.
J. M. LeRoy, Elizabeth

City.
Cooperative Supply Co.,

New Bern.
Champion Bros., Clayton..

J. S. Northcott, Edenton...

Plymouth Supply Co.,
Plymouth.
..do

Frey & Sons, Baltimore, Md.

John Frederick, Warsaw

Hancock Company, Beau-
fort.

Sirup, Compound
Corn and
Refiners'.

Sirup, Com- ;C. B. Gay Co., Jacksonville, Fla.. C. R. S. Matthews, Rocky
pound. j Mount.

Gibbs Preserving Co., Baltimore, Meadow Supply Co., Madi-
Md. I son.

Sirup

-..-do..

.do.

J. T. Ginn & Co., Gold.sboro,
N. C.

..do --

M. W. Pope, Mount Olive

W. R. Thompson, Golds-
boro.

The Bulletin.

71

AND SIRUPS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAMB— Continued.

>>

3i

Polarization,
Direct, 20° C.
°V.

Polarization,
Invert, 20^ C.
°V.

Sucrose
(Clerget)-
Per Cent.

Glucose, Com-
mercial (Leach's
Formula) — Per
Cent.

Solid Matter—
Per Cent.

1 g

Remarks and Conclusions.

12749

31.0

14.3

34.10

0.00

75.00

25.00

Molasses

12761

96.0

60.5

26.70

39.60

74.30

25.70

Compound sirup, sold as sirup; misbranded; sale illegal.

13072

105.0

72.6

24.40

46.00

75.30

24.70

Compound sirup.

13077

76.0

35.2

30.70

25.70

74.80

25.20

Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;
misrepresented; sale illegal.

13084

111.0

84.7

19.80

52.10

76.20

23.80

Compound sirup, branded "Airio Sirup"; misbranded;
explanation does not excuse misbranding; sale illegal.

13114

74.0

44.0

22.60

29.30

72.80

27.20

Compound sirup.

12731

126.0

101.2

18.60

61.30

77.20

22.80

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

12732

134.0

118.8

11.40

70.00

Compound molasses, sold as molasses; misrepresented;

sale illegal.

12733

131.0

113.3

13.30

67.20

do.

13096

40.0

17.6

43.40

0.00

75.50

24.50

Molasses.

13099

98.0

68.2

22.40

43.20

76.70

23.30

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented ; sale illegal.

13113

119.0

103.4

11.70

61.30

76.70

23.30

do.

13095

30.0

15.4

34.20

0.00

73.60

26.40

Sirup.

13140

152.0

151.8

0.00

87.00

76.40

23.60

Compound sirup. Was branded table sirup; misbranded;
sale illegal. Explanation does not excuse misbranding.

12741

75.0

46.2

21.70

30.40

73.70

26.30

Compound molasses, sold as molasses; misrepresented;
sale was illegal.

12729

66.0

25.3

30.60

20.20

69.10

30.90

Compound sirup, branded "Morning Glory Sirup"; mis-
branded; sale illegal.

13069

92.0

34.0

43.70

27.60

73.00

27.00

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as compound.
Branded "Table Sirup"; misbranded; sale illegal.

12752

80.0

50.6

22.10

33.00

75.50

24.50

Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;
misrepresented; sale illegal.

12753

146.8

138.6

6.10

80.40

75.00

25.00

Compound sirup, branded "Table Sirup"; misbranded.
Explanation does not excuse misbranding; sale illegal.

12754

8?.0

59.4

21.50

38.00

75.90

24.10

Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;
misrepresented; sale illegal.

12998

40.0

17.6

43.41

0.00

75.00

25.00

Sirup.

12724

102.0

74.8

20.50

46.50

Compound sirup, branded "Fancy Table Sirup"; mis-

branded. Explanation does not excuse misbranding;

sale illegal.

13100

126.0

112.0

10.40

66.00

75.20

24.80

Compound sirup.

13155

34.0

11.0

34.00

0.00

76.30

23.70

Sirup.

S

12996

126.0

112.2

10.40

66.05

Compound sirup, sold as sirup; misrepresented by retail

dealer; sale illegal.

12702

34.0

13.2

35.50

0.00

77.. 20

22.80

Sirup.

72

The Bulletin. ■

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MOLASSES

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

12708

12759

12973

13079

13152

12986

12965

13119
12972

12983

12712
13127

12747
13148

13089

12993

12701

13144

12979

13088

12740
12720

12721

12985

12756

12988

13105

13106
12994

Sirup, Ingleside
Cane.

Molasses.
..-.do...

Sirup

Molasses.

Sirup

.l..do...
....do...

Groldsboro Grocery Co., Golds-
boro, N. C.

Greenville Wholesale Co., Green-
ville, N. C.

Fred J. Hollies & Co., Bennetts-
• ville, S. C.

Hall & Pearsall, Wilmington,
N. C.

Hancock Grocery Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.

Hardaway-Cargin Co., Colum-
bus, Ga.

F. E. Hashagen Co., Wilmington,
N. C.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

Molasses(cheap)
Sirup, Compound, Sirup, Com-
Montrose. j pound.

Sirup

.do.
.do.

Sirup, Compound,
Lion Golden Drip

Sirup, Corn, Silver
Spray.

Molasses

Sirup, Com-
pound.
Molasses

Hearne & Jones, New Orleans,

La.
Heath-Morrow Co., Monroe, N. C.

Harvey C. Hines, Kinston, N. C.-
Henderson Grocery Co., Hender-
son, N. C.
Hubbard-Slack Co., Norfolk, Va..
Hudson Mfg. Co., New York,

N. Y.
Hurwitz & Bro., Carthage

J. T. Hinson, Goldsboro

J. Long, Greenville

McLaurin & Shaw, Laurin-

burg.
W, J. Council, Red Springs.

H. E. Faircloth, Winston-
Salem.
W. N. Jeans, Wadesboro

M. J. Schulken, Wilming-
ton.
C. E. Hawkins, Littleton...
E. L. Burns, Maxton

Molasses, Porto
Rico.

Sirup, Com-
pound.

Molasses

Sirup.

Sirup, Corn, Creole Sirup, Corn,
Belle. I and'Molasses.

Molasses.

New Orleans, Cosa
Natural.

Molasses, Cuba
Belle.

Sirup

Molasses.

jSirup

Molasses.

Blue Ribbon Sirup

.-...do...

Molasses

Molasses, Porto
Rico.

Jones Bros., Castleman & Blake-
more Co., Louisville, Ky.

J. W. Jones & Co., Greensboro,
N. C.

Kuester-Lowe Co., Charlotte,
N. C.

Langhoff Bros. Co., New Orleans,
La.

....do

.-..do

.do.
.do.

J. T. Pinkston & Son,
Wadesboro.

W. W. Rouse, Kinston

C. D. Horton, Henderson..

J. E. Howell, Hertford

A. & P. Tea Co., Greens-
boro.

B. Hurwitz & Bro., Carth-
age.

J. T. Jamison & Co., Char-
lotte.
L. A. Raney, Goldsboro

Hudson Grocery Co.,
Greensboro.

C. A. Porter, Rockingham..

J. S. Huntress, Southern

Pines.

H. F. Noble, Belhaven

J. C. Helms, Moreh^ad

City.

.Ido

Burns Bros., Wadesboro

Latham-Owens Co., Ply-
mouth.

Latham & Richardson,
Monroe.

Lawrence Bros., Enfield

....do

S. R. Lentz, Charlotte.

The Bulletin.

73

AND SIRUPS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAME— Continued.

tory
ir.

ation,
20° C.

ation,
20° C.

B, Com-
l (Leach's
la)— Per

it

i"S

Remarks and Conclusions.

Labora

Polariz
Direct,
°V.

Polariz
Insert,
°V.

Sucros<
(Clerge
Per Ce

■ Glucos(
mercial
Formu
Cent.

1(2

1 o

12708

133.0

15.4

36.40

0.00

77.50

22.50

Molasses.

12759

98.0

77.0

15.80

46.90

76.40

23.60

Compound molasses, sold as molasses; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

12973

100.0

74.8

16.73

47.58

75.60

24.40

Compound sirup, sold as sirup; misrepresented; sale
illegal.

13079

105.0

85.8

14.50

51.70

76.50

23.50

Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;
misrepresented; sale illegal.

13152

118.0

105.6

9.30

62.10

76.60 23.40

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-

sented; sale illegal.

12986

47.0

22.0

62.00

0.00

73.00

27.00

Sirup.

12965

93.0

58.0

26.40

38.00

73.30

26.70

Compound sirup, sold as sirup; misrepresented; sale
illegal.

13119

37.6

12.3

37.60

0.00

75.70

24.30

Molasses.

12972

131.0

115.0

12.06

67.95

74.20

25.80

Compound sirup.

12983

43.0

22.0

49.00

0.00

75.20

24.80

Sirup.

12712

40.0

15.4

41.70

0.00

75.40

24.60

do.

13127

121.0

102.3

14.00

61.10

76.20

23.80

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

12747

30.0

14.3

33.30

0.00

77.00

23.00

Molasses.

13148

90.0

88.01 1.50

1

50.50

77.90

22.10

Compound sirup.

13089

34.0

15.4

37.20

0.00

77.20

22.80

Molasses. '

12993

40.0

17.5

43.30

0.00

73.40

26.60

do.

12701

123.0

114.4

6.40

66.60

75.00

25.00

Corn sirup, cane flavor.

13144

46.0

17.6

47.90

0.00

74.20

25.80

Molasses.

12979

122.0

112.2

7.40

65.50

76.50

23.50

Compound sirup. Dealer sold as sirup; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

13088

111.0

84.6

19.90

52.00

70.80

29.20

Compound sirup.

12740

28.0

13.2

31.00

0.00

75.30

24.70

Molasses.

12720

116.0

86.9

21.90

52.00

Compound sirup. Retail dealer sold as sirup; mis-
represented; sale illegal.

12721

35.0

15.4

38.00

72.50

27.50

Molasses.

12985

136.0

122.0

10.50

71.70

78.60

21.40

Compound sirup, sold by dealer as sirup; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

12756

35.0

17.6

39.60

0.00

76.90

23.10

Molasses.

12988

108.0

82.5

19.20

50.40

79.00

21.00

Compound sirup, sold by dealer as sirup; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

13105

50.0

15.4

33.60

9.40

77.90

22.10

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

13106

20.0

13.2

25.00

0.00

70.20

29.80

Molasses.

12994

34.0

13.2

35.50

0.00

75.70

24.30

do.

74

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MOLASSES

Si-'

CXI

9 e

►J I?

13123
12746
12726

12725

12750
12738

13104

12734

12735

13085
13115
12745

13093

13102

12995

12982

13150

13146

13082

13081

13074

12987
12969

12705

12730

12704

12709

13086

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sirup, Compound,

King.
Sirup, Maryland,

Fancy Table.
Sirup, Compound,

Silver Drip.

Sirup, Corn and
Molasses, King.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Sirup .

Sirup, Table.

Sirup, Com-
pound

Molasses

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Mongles-Herald Co., Baltimore,

Md.
.-.do

...do.

.do.
.do.

.do.

Sirup

....do...
Molasses.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for .\nalysis.

Ballard-Cheatham Co.,
Franklinton.

Morgan & Parker, Eliza-
beth fcity.

Lucas & Lewis, New Bern.

J. T. Clark, New Bern.

W. A. Mansfield, Edenton.
H. W. Martin, Belhaven...

S. Meyer, Enfield

E. R. Mixon & Co., Washington,

N. C. .
....do

Sirup Monger-Hatch Co., Sanford, N.C

..do

..do

Sirup, Corn and
Cane, White
Rabbit.

Sirup, Compound,
Raven.

Sirup, Velva Break-
fast.

Molasses, Aunt
Dinah.

Sirup, Velva Break-
fast.

Sirup, Cane and
Corn, Velva.

Sirup, Georgia

Cane, Ingleside.
Sirup, Velva

Molasses and Sirup,

Powell.
Fancy Crystal

Sirup, Corn
and Cane.

Sirup, Com-
pound.
Sirup..

Johnson & Roberson, Wasli-

ington.
J. E. Adams, Washington...

Nisbet & Womble, Sanford.

L. J. Moore, Weldon

Morrisette Bros., Elizabeth
City.

New Orleans Coffee Co., New :D. C. Braswell, Wilson

Orleans, La.

.-.do

-..do

Molasses

Cane Sirup.

Sirup, Com-
pound.
Sirup

.do.
-do.

-do...
Molasses.
Sirup

..do...
Molasses.

.do.

D. C. Bell, Halifax

T. W. Parker, Mount Olive.

Parson-Hafdison Co., Wadesboro, E. L. Hanna, Wadesboro..

N. C. I

Penick & Ford, New Orleans, La.. S. S. Morris, Greensboro...

!

do ITucker & Erwin, Greens-

...do_
..-do_
...do.

.do.

boro.

C..V. Williams & Co., Ham-
let.

....do

J. F. Powers & Son, Fay-
ette ville.
Polk Bros., Monroe

.-do Peoples Supply Co., Wil-
mington.

-do jC. D. Taylor & Co., Golds-

boro.
E. Peterson Co., Washington, lA. J. Cox & Co., Washing-

N. C.

R. E. Pipkin, Goldsboro, N. C...

H. A. Powell Grocery Co., Golds-
boro.

ton.
W. M. Smith, Goldsboro.. -

H. A. Powell Grocery Co.,

Goldsboro.
Powers & Miller, Sanford

The Bulletin.

75

AND SIRUPS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAME— Continued.

■2°o

(2Q5

13123
12746
12726

12725

12750
12738

13104

12734

12735

13085
13115
12745

13093

13102
12995
12982
13150
13146
13082
13081
13074

O

^>

130.0
102.0
140.0

122.0

34.0
62.0

119.0

123.0

124.0

42.0

34.0

160.0

94.0

82.0
129.0
34.0
54.0
16.0
46.0
99.0
48.0

M S, "^ S =a 3

3pt rti |_^ QJ O ^

12987 42.0
12969 50.0

12705

12730

'l2704

12709

13086

91.6
128.0

86.0
134.0

93.0

114.4

77.0

129.8

97.2

13.2
26.4

110.0

111.1

100.0

18.7

15.4

159.7

74.8

57.2

117.7

20.9

22.0

17.6

20.9

67.1

16.5

20.9
22.0

61.8
110.0

55.2
123.2

71.5

11.70

26.30

7.70

18.60

35.50
26.80

6.70

8.90

18.00

45.70

37.20

0.00

14.50

18.70

8.511

41.30

57.30

25.30

50.40

24.00

48.60

47.40
54.27

22.40

13.50

23.20

8.20

15.40

67.60
43.20
75.60

59.00

0.00
20.10

64.10

65.20

60.50

0.00

■TSO
02 PM

77.20

SO

22.80

77.20

75.20
76.50

73.80

77.50

78.00

74.30

Remarks and Conclusions.

0.00 79.70
91.40

45.40

36.20

68.85

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

42.70

0.00

0.00
0.00

39.40

65.40

18.30

71.90

44.20

72.90

74.80

Compound sirup, sold by- retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.
Compound sirup, branded "Fancy Table Sirup"; mis-
branded; sale illegal.
Compound sirup, branded "Silver Drip Sirup"; mis-
branded. Explanation does not excuse misbranding;
sale illegal.

22.80 Compound sirup and molasses, branded "Porto Rico
Style"; misbranded; sale illegal.

24.80 Molasses.

23.50 Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;
misrepresented; sale illegal.

26.20 Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as syrup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

22.50 do.

22.00|Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;

1 misrepresented; sale illegal.
25. 70 1 Sirup,
do.
Compound sirup; misrepresented. Was sold by retail

dealer as sirup; sale illegal.
Compound sirup.

20.30

29.10

25.20

73.60

73.30

73.90

75.80

72.60

74.10

73.00
74.50

73.10

26.40

26.70

26.10

24.20

27.40

25.90

27.00
25.50

do.

Compound sirup, sold as sirup; misrepresented; sale

illegal.
Sirup.

do.

Molasses.

Sirup.

Compound sirup.

Sirup.

26.90

do.
do.

76.00
73.90

Compound sirup, branded "Velva Sirup." Explanation
does not excuse misbranding; misbranded; sale illegal.

Compound molasses, sold as molasses; misrepresented;

sale illegal.

Compound sirup, branded "Fancy Crystal Sirup"; mis-

I branded; sale illegal.
24. 00, Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.
26. 10 Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;
misrepresented; sale illegal.

76

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MOLASSES

.31

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Maniifacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13117
13126
13149

13080
12992
12991
13136
13124
13135
13130
13129
13147

13143
13134

13122

13121
12760

12736

12717

12978

13076

13073

12742

13125

12707

13133

Molasses.
Sirup

Sirup, Favorite
Table.

Sirup Com-
pound.

Sirup, Georgia

Cane.
Molasses, Porto

Rico.
Molasses, New

Orleans.
Molasses

Reavis-Barrow-Stuart Co.,

Franklinton, N. C.
P. A. Reavis & Co., Louisburg,

N. C.
Rigney & Co., Brooklyn, N. Y..

Roddenberg Planting Co., At-
lanta, Ga.

J. R. C. Faison, Littleton...

A. W. Perry, Jr., & Co.,

Louisburg.
C. Scott & Co., Greensboro.

C. V. Williams & Co., Ham-
let.
L. L. Surratt, Charlotte

....do

Sirup, Corn and
Cane, Silver Drip

Molasses, Com-
pound.

Sirup.

-do.

Molasses.

Sirup.

Molasses, Porto Molasses

Rico Fancy,
MonogramXXXX

Sirup, Corn and Sirup Com-
Cane, Silver Drip, pound.

Molasses.PortoRicoMolasses

Fancy, Mono-
gram XXXX.

Sirup.

E. A. Saunders & Sons Co., Rich-
mond, Va.
..do

.do.
.do.
.do.

.do.

..do.

..do.

.do-

.do.
.do.

.do.
.do.

Molasses.

Sirup, Imperial Sirup Corn-
Corn and Refiners' pound.

Sirup..

Sawyer Grocery Co., Belhaven,

N. C.
T. S. Southgate & Co., Norfolk,

Va.

Sirup, Peacock.

Sirup, Cane and
Corn, Peacock.

Sirup, Cane-
Sirup, Cane
and Corn.
Sirup

Southern Sirup Co. Mont-
gomery, Ala.
...do

Sirup, Golden do.

Crown. I
Sirup, Compound, i do.

Golden Crown.

..l....do.

Stewart Knatz, Baltimore, Md..

.do.

.do.

Stokes-Grymes Grocery Co..
Richmond, Va.

Byrd & Upchurch, Durham

Franklinton Grocery Co.,

Franklinton.
Byrd & Upchurch, Durham

J. D. Brooks, Oxford

..do

Troxler Bros., Greensboro..

Harris & Hubbard, Reids-
ville.

Perry Grocery Co., Dur-
ham.

Sterling Store Co., Frank-
linton.
C. S. Williams, Franklinton
W. H. Johnson, Greenville..

J. F. Bishop, Belhaven

Burrell Stroud, Kinston

C. C. Shores & Co., Rock-
ingham.

M. A. Bethune, Fayette-
ville.

A. S. Melvin, Fayetteville..

W. H. Cartwright & Son,
Elizabeth City.

McGhee-Joyner Co., Frank-
linton.

James W. Cole, Goldsboro..

L. Thomas, Oxford

The Bulletin.

77

AND SIRUPS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAME— Continued.

>>

2l

Polarization,
Direct, 20° C.
°V.

Polarization,
Invert, 20° C.
°V.

Sucrose
(Clerget)-
Per Cent.

Glucose, Com-
mercial (Leach's
Formula) — Per
Cent.

Solid Matter—
Per Cent.

Water—
Per Cent.

Remarks and Conclusions.

13117

43.0

15.4

44.00

0.00

77.70

' 22.30

Molasses.

13126

115.0

99.0

12.00

58.80

66.90 33.10

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

13149

110.0

92.4

13.30

55.20

78.30 21.70

Compound sirup, branded "Favorite Table Sirup"; mis-

branded. Explanation does not excuse misbranding;

sale illegal.

13080

46.0

22.0

51.30

0.00

73.50

26.50

Sirup.

12992

42.0

15.4

43.20

0.00

75.90

24.10

Molasses.

12991

92.6

55.0

28.30

36.70

74.00

26.00

Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as "New Orleans
Molasses"; misrepresented; sale illegal.

13136

75.0

46.2

21.70

30.40

72.40, 27.60

Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;
misrepresented; sale Illegal.

13124

114.0

97.9

11.10

58.80

77.20

22.80

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

13135

116.0

101.2

11.10

60.00

77.10, 22.90

do.

13130

26.0

13.2

29.50

0.00

72.80

27.20

Molasses.

13129

134.0

124.3

7.30

72.40

74.30

25.70

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

13147

42.0

16.5

44.00

0.00

75.20

24.80

Molasses.

13143

121.0

106.7

10.70

63.00

75.60

24.40

Compound sirup.

13134

39.0

18.7

43.50

0.00

74.00

26.00

Molasses.

13122

126.0

114.0

8.70

67.00

75.40

24.60

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

13121

119.0

101.2

13.40

60.30

76.20

23.80

do.

12760

120.0

103.4

11.70

61.80

77.20

22.80

Compound sirup; misrepresented; was sold as sirup; sale
illegal.

12736

40.0

17.6

43.40

0.00

75.80

24.20

Molasses.

12717

131.6

121.8

7.40

70.90

75.60

24.40

Compound sirup.

12978

84.0

57.2

20.20

36.40

77.00

23.00

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

13076

49.0

20.9

52.60

0.00

74.20

25.80

Sirup.

13073

96.0

68.2

20.90

42.90

75.00

25.00

Compound sirup.

12742

110.0

93.5

12.40

55.70

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-

sented ; sale illegal.

13125

117.0

99.0

13.50

59.10

76.60

23.40

do.

12707

122.0
159.0

110.0
155.0

9.00
3.00

64.60
89.00

do.

13133

76.90

23.10

do.

78

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF MOLASSES

2 a

Material and

Brand from

Label.

13132;Sirup, Old Time
Table.

12763

12762

13151

12744

13071
13131

12887

12737

13145

13156

13138

12976

....do.

Sirup, Table, Pen

Mar.
Sorghum and Corn

Sirup, SilkRibbon
Sirup, Crystal

White.
Sirup. Gold Seal...

Sold by
Dealer as-

Sirup, Compound,
Medallion.

Sirup, Hot Cake
Table, Honey Dew

12980 Sorghum and Corn
Sirup, Southern
Farm.

12977 Sirup, Uniform
Georgia Cane.

12743

12727
12728

Sirup, Table
Crystal Drip.

130941

12755 Sirup, Refiners',

Lynnhaven.
12966;

Sirup, Table.

Sirup, Table
Compound.
Sirup, Table..

Molasses, Home

Made.
Sirup, Table.

J. Stromeyer & Co., Philadel-
phia, Pa.

Torbitt & Castleman, Louisville,
Ky.
..do .

Sirup..
....do.

Sirup, Com-
pound.
Molasses

Sirup, Table..

Sirup

Molasses

Sirup

-...do

....do

....do.

Sirup.

Molasses.
Sirup

Molasses.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler. Rf tail Dealer or Party Who

bent sample for Analysis.

Stokes-Grimes Grocery Co., Rich-
mond, Va.

....do

.do.

The Thomas-Howard Co., Dur-
ham, N. C.
S. J. Van Lill Co., Baltimore, Md.

W. H. Weatherly, Elizabeth City,

N. C.
The J. Weller Co., Cincinnati,

Ohio.
West-Hill Co., Mount Airy, N. C.

A. S. White & Co., Lynchburg,
Va.

Cannady & Alston, Oxford.

W. H. Etheridge, Selma....

Rasberry & Thome, Farm-

ville.
Bodenheimer Bros., Waugh-

town.
Morrisette Bros., Elizabeth

City.

H. O. Mattox, Dunn

Cannady & Alston, Oxford.

B. B. Davenport, New

Bern.
R. L. Smith, Belhaven.

D. R. Wilder Mfg. Co., Atlanta,
Ga.

..do

R. C. WUliams & Co., New York,

N.Y.
Willis Grocery Co., New Bern,

N. C.

..do

C. Woodard Co., Wilson, N. C...
E. L. Woodard & Co., Norfolk,

Va.
R. A. Wright, Wilmington, N. C

Tucker & Erwin, Greens-
boro.
R. C. Poore, Mount Airy...

J. A. Isley & Bro. Co., Bur-
lington.

E. D. Whitlock, Rocking-
ham.

E. N. Covington & Co.,
Rockingham.

Watson- lung Co., Rocking-
ham.

Pritchard & Jackson,
Elizabeth City.

Willis Grocery Co., New
Bern.

....do

J. W^ Riley, WUson

J. O. Everett Co., Ply-
mouth.
W. D. Borneman, Wil-
' mington.

The Bulletin.

79

AND SIRUPS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR SAME— Continued.

Oo

IS

■ .,^ g . SiJ h!§ ^, S CI

13132 155.0 150.7 3.20

12763

12762

13151

12744

13071
13131

12887

12737

13145

13156

13138

12976

12980

12977

12743

12727

12728

13094
12755

12966

154.0
24.0
94.0

144.0

I

47.0;

154. 0!
131.6]

loe.o;

156.0

115.6

26. Oj

50.61

90. o!

149.6

3.30

22.0; 34.60

73.5

132.0

21.3
148.5

118.8
81.4

156.0
96.8
17.6
22.0
68.2

50.0 22.0
149.0 144.0

127.0

128.0

40.0
36.0

32.0

110.0

112.2

17.6
15.4

15.4

15.40

9.00

51.40
4.20

9.60
18.50

0.00
14.10
32.80
54.72
16.40

54.27

3.80

12.80

11.40

43.40
38.70

35.73

o3 +3
OQPh

86.70

86.10

0.00

44.90

78.20

0.00
85.60

69.70

50.00

85.70

58.00

0.00

0.00

42.00

0.00

83.00

65.20

57.60

0.00
0.00

0.00

77.50

76.00

74.70

73.90
77.30

75.50
76.60
78.80
72.70
75.20

73.40
76.50
78.30

1 «
I ai

SO
|S

22.50

Remarks and Conclusions.

Compound sirup, branded "Old Time Table Sirup."
Misbranded; explanation does not excuse misbranding;
sale illegal,
do.

Sirup.

24.00 Compound sirup, sold as "Home Made Molasses"; mis-
represented; sale illegal.

25.30 Compound sirup, branded "Table Sirup." Misbranded;
explanation does not excuse misbranding; sale illegal.

26.10 Sirup.

22. 70'Com pound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.
Compound sirup.

Compound molasses, sold by retail dealer as molasses;
misrepresented; sale illegal.

24.50Compound sirup, branded "Honey Dew Hot Cake Table
Sirup"; misbranded; sale illegal.

23.40 Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

21.20!Molasses.

27.30|Sirup.

24.80 Compound sirup, not properly branded; sale illegal.

26.60|Sirup.

Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

21.70

Compound sirup, branded "Table Sirup." Misbranded;

explanation does not excuse misbranding; sale illegal.
Compound sirup, sold by retail dealer as sirup; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.
73. 70 1 26.30 Molasses.
77.601 22.40 Sirup, adulterated with refiners' sirup; sale was illegal.

Can be sold as refiners' sirup.
76.00 24. 00, Molasses.

80

The Bulletin.

OLIVE AND OTHER TABLE AND COOKING OILS.

Olive oil is the oil obtained from the sound, mature fruit of the culti-
vated olive tree. It is a very choice table oil and is largely used. It was
formerly much adulterated, but the enforcement of the food laws has
reduced the adulteration of it to a minimum.

RESULTS OF THE EXAM

>>

li

►3z

Material and Brand from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

T3514

Olive Oil, Gold Seal Brand. . . .

Alart & McGuire Co , New York, N Y

1 37.^58

13521
llSfifi

Olive Oil, Absolutely Pure, Virgin French

Olive Oil, Heinz Piirp.

Clotworthy Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md

H. J. Heinz Co., Pittsburg, Pa

llSfifl

Olive Oil, Pompeian . ...

The Pomoeian Grocerv Co . Washington. D C

14108

....do

do . . .

ORANGE EXTRACT AND ORANGE EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Orange extract is the flavoring extract prepared from oil of orange,
or from orange peel, or both, and contains not less than 5 per cent by
volume of oil of orange. Oil of orange is the volatile oil obtained from
the fresh peel of the orange.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF ORANGE

OS 3

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13538

12921

13540

13539
13541
13537

12916

Orange Extract, Pure Food,

Sunbeam.
Bailey's Standard Dime

Orange Flavoring.
Orange, Kitchen Queen

Orange Flavor

Orange Extract, Alcohol 50%.
Orange Extract, Watkins

Orange Extract, Artificially
Colored.

Austin-Nichols Co., New York, N. Y..

James Bailey & Son, Baltimore, Md...

Interstate Chemical Co., Baltimore,

Md.
C. E. King & Sons, Durham, N. C...
Surry Drug Co., Elkin, N. C

J. R. Watkins Medicine Co., Winona,

Minn.
Williams, Martin & Gray, Norfolk,

Va.

Oppenheimer's, Rocky

Mount.
Turnage Bros., Ayden..

C. Scott & Co., Greensboro...

C. E. King & Sons, Durham..

Holcomb Bros., Elkin

J. F. Powers & Son, Fayette-

ville.
N. W. Tarkinton, Belhaven...

J

The Bulletin.

81

Six samples of olive oil were examined, and the results of the exami-
nations are reported in the table below. There appeared to be no adul-
teration or misbranding of them.

INATION OF OLIVE OILS.

>>

^1

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

Halphen's Test
for Cotton-
seed OU.

Reading
Refractometer,
15.5° C.

0
>

Remarks and Conclusions.

13514
13738

Perry Grocery Co., Durham

J. E. Britt, Clinton

Negative

do . . .

69.8

68.6
67.9
68.5
68.3
68.0

1.4721
1.4713
1.4710
1.4713
1.4712
1.4710

Olive Oil.
do.

13521
11366
11365
14108

W. D. James, Mount Olive

M. R. Jennette, Mount Olive --

C. H. Borneman, Wilmington

Miller Bros., Waynesville

....do

--..do

.--.do

-...do

do
do.
do.
do.

Seven samples of orango extract and orange extract substitutes have
been examined, two of which were imitations or substitutes, and tAvo
others below standard. As these four samples were adulterated or mis^
branded, their sale was illegal.

See table below.

EXTRACTS AND ORANGE EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES.

■So • ^O ■
-=■&■ ® -^ 2 t- "^
0"?5.<" S O fe «> E

13538

12921

13540

13539
13541
13537

12916

2&«
o

O Mn

o;

o

a

bO o .

CT^O

TS go

gg

Rea
Ref
15.5

II

74.6

1.4752

75.3

1.4756

74.6

1.4752

74.6

1.4752

75.3

1.4756

o o a)

Remarks and Conclusions.

5.20

5.40

5.00

0.00
0.00
5.10

5.20

4.80

0.00
0.00
5.00

3.00

88.36

78.74

76.72

42.60
39.12
80.36

81.00

Orange extract.

do.

Orange extract, not properly branded. It is branded orange,

when it is an extract; sale illegal.
Imitation orange extract; misbranded; sale illegal.
Imitation orange extract; misbranded on carton; sale illegal.
Orange extract.

Orange extract, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

82

The Bulletin.

CANNED PEAS.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Canned peas are sound, properly matured and prepared fresh peas
sterilized by lieat, kept in suitable, clean, hermetically sealed containers,
from which they take up no metallic substance, and conform in name to
the peas used in their preparation.

The State Food Law provides that a food product shall be deemed to
be adulterated : If it be mixed, colored, powdered, coated, or stained in
a manner whereby damage or infirmity is concealed, or if it contains
any added poisonous or other added deleterious ingredient which may
render such article injurious to health. It is and has been quite a prac-
tice among packers to green or artificially color canned vegetables w4th
copper salts.

The question of whether the greening of vegetables for human food
with copper salts constitutes a violation of the National Food Law was
referred by the Secretary of Agriculture to the Eeferee Board of Con-
sulting Scientific Experts in March of 1909. After an exhaustive inves-
tigation of the subject the ''Referee Board" reports to the Secretary as
follows :

RESULTS OF THE EXAMIXA

>1

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13.5.57

Peas, Figuer, Uncolored .

Austin-Nichols Co., New York, N.Y

C.'V. Williams & Co . Hamlet

13553
14113

Peas, Fine, Corbeille

Peas, Medium, Plazant. .

....do

....do

H. A. Powell Grocery Co.,

Goldsboro.
Troxler Bros , Greensboro

13560
1.3.5.58

Peas, French, Le Soleil Malines,
Peas, Le Soleil Malines, Colored

with Sulphate of Copper.
Peas, Extra Touraine, Colored

with Sulphate of Copper.
Peas, Extra Touraine, Colored

with Sulphate of Copper.
Peas, Italian, Extra Fine

-..-do :

City Grocery Co., Henderson.
Carroll Grocery Co., Wilson

14111
141in

Edward Depew & Co., New York,
NY.
- do

W. J. Byrd, Fayetteville

S. Maxwell & Co., Hender-

13.552

sonville.
C. M. Fite, Charlotte --

13561

14112
13555
13550
13554

Peas, Very Fine, Amato, Col-
ored with Sulphate of Cop-
per.

Peas, Extra Fine, La Reive

Peas, Extra Fine, La Rose

Blanche.
Peas, Extra Fine, Italian Beau-

marchand.
Peas, Beaumarchand..

France Conserves Co., Paris,
France.

International Pure Food Co., New

York, N. Y.
Lewis-Hubbard-Slack Co., Norfolk,

Va.
Moore & Co., Philadelphia, Pa

.. do ...

Perry Grocery Co., Durham..

Troxler Bros., Greensboro

Rasberry & Thorne, Farm-
ville.

Holmes Grocery Co., Wil-
mington.

E. B. Hackburn, New Bern -

1356;^

Peas, Extra Fine, Sugar, La

Corbeille, Wespalaer.
Peas, Yacht Club, R. Beziers...

....do

Perry Grocery Co., Durham.

13563

....do.-

The Bulletin.

83

"Copper salts used in the greening of vegetables may have the effect
of concealing infirmity, inasmuch as the bright green color imparted to
the vegetable simulates a state of freshness they may hot have possessed
before treatment.

''It appears from our investigation that, in certain directions, even
such small quantities of copper may have a deleterious action and must
be considered injurious to health."

As the use in food of an ingredient which may render the latter in-
jurious to health is a violation of the State Food Law, and as the Eeferee
Board of Scientific Experts have said in their report that even a small
quantity of copper may have a deleterious action and must be consid-
ered injurious to health, this Department will consider the sale in North
Carolina of vegetables colored with copper salts a violation of the State
Food Law.

The dealers of the State have had notice and been warned that such
violations will be prosecuted under the law. Still some of them con-
tinue to offer products so adulterated for sale.

The results of the examination of samples during the year are pub-
lished in table below.

TION OF CANNED PEAS.

>.

pfe

Adulterants.

Remarks and Conclusions.

2^

.Si

13557

Canned peas.

13553

Copper sulphate

Canned peas, containing copper sidphate; adulterated;

sale

illegal.

14113

None found

Canned peas.

13560

_-..do

do.

13558

Copper sulphate

Canned peas, containing copper sulphate; adulterated;

sale

illegal.

14111

....do

do.

14110

do .

do.

13552

None found

Canned peas.

13561

Copper sulphate

Canned peas, containing copper sulphate; adulterated;

sale

illegal.

14112

None found

Canned peas.

13555

Copper sulphate

Canned peas, containing copper sulphate; adulterated-

sale

illegal.

13550

None found

Canned peas.

13554

-...do

do.

13562

...-do -

do.

13563

l---do

do.-

84

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION

U

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13551
13564
13565

Peas, Fine, Natural, L. A.
Price.

Peas, Amato, Colored with Sul-
phate of Copper,
do .

L. A. Price, Bordeaux, France

Thomas-Howard Co., Durham,
N. C.
do

W. H. Moffitt, Lexington

Pickett & WUIiams, Durham.
Hurst & Edwards, Durham. .

14109
13566
13567

Peas, Imported, Extra, Natural,
Barton.

String Beans, French Pre-
served, Beaumarchand.

Peas, Beaumarchand, Colored
with Sulphate of Copper.

Peas, Plazant

Welch & Evans, Charleston, S. C. .

R. C. WUIiams & Co., New York,
N. Y.
do

P. W. Ebeltoft, Shelby

A. P. Grizzard, Winston-
Salem.
do -

13559

do

0. 0. Boykin, Tarboro

13556

Peas, No. 2, Medium, Belgium,
Le Soleil, Colored with Sul-
phate of Copper.

....do

W. A. Phillips, Fayetteville...

PEPPERMINT EXTRACT.
DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Peppermint extract is the flavoring extract prepared from oil of pep-
permint, or from peppermint, or botla, and contains not less than 3 per
cent by volume of oil of peppermint. Oil of peppermint is the volatile
oil obtained from peppermint.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION

•§1

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13544 Peppermint Extract, Justice Justice Drug Co., Greensboro, N. C. .

13543 Peppermint, Essence Peabody Drug Co., Durham, N. C,

12606 Peppermint Flavor, Artificially Dr. T. C. Smith, Asheville, N. C...

Colored.

13545 Peppermint, Essence, Our Seal Vaughn-Crutchfield Co., Winston- Meador Supply Co., Madison

Brand. Salem.

13542!Peppermint, Pure Fruit Flavor. We-Li-Ka Mfg. Co., Memphis,

Tenn.

J. S. Sockwell, Greensboro ...
Peabody Drug Co., Durham.
L. J. Moody & Co., Bryson
City.

12918

.do.

.do.

Otis Winborne, Wilson.

C. W. Stevens & Co., Eliza-
beth City.

The Bulletin.

85

OF CANNED PEAS— Continued.

51

Adulterants.

Remarks and Conclusions.

13551

None found

Canned peas.

13564
13565

Copper sulphate

do

Canned peas, containing copper sulphate; adulterated; sale illegal,
do.

14109

Canned peas.

13566
13567

Copper sulphate

do

Canned beans, containing copper sulphate; adulterated; sale illegal.
Canned peas, containing copper sulphate; adulterated; sale illegal.

13559

None found ..

Canned peas.

13556

Copper sulphate

Canned peas, containing copper sulphate; adulterated; sale illegal.

The results of tlie examination of six samples of peppermint extracts
are reported in table below. Three of them proved to be good, strong
extracts, two of which were more than double strength, while the other
three contained less than 3 per cent of peppermint oil, and, being below
standard, were sold in violation of the law.

See table below.

OF PEPPERMINT EXTRACTS.

>.

per-
ion).

Alcohol

(by Volume)—

Per Cent.

Laborator
Number.

Oil of Pep
mint (by
Precipitat

Remarks and Conclusions.

13544

8.40

81.72

Peppermint extract, concentrated.

13543' 7.20

82.44

do.

12606 4.60

Peppermint extract.

13545

2.80

Peppermint extract, slightly below standard; sale illegal.

13542

2.40

Peppermint extract, below standard; sale illegal.

12918

2.40

Peppermint extract, slightly below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

86

The Bulletin.

RICE.

A large percentage of tlie rice on the market is coated or polished with
glucose and talc.

Under the i^ational Food Law, and the regulations of the United
States Department of Agriculture, the use of talc and glucose as a coat-
ing for rice, in interstate commerce, is permitted, provided that the label
of each package bears the following statement: "Coated with glucose
and talc. Remove by washing."

Rice coated with glucose and talc, to comply with the requirements of

RESULTS OF THE EX

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13572

Nogara Rice

Aragon Coffee Co., Richmond, Va._
...do..

A. G. Bowman & Son, Mount

13571

do . .

Airy.
L. Thomas, Oxford

13570

do

do

J. M. LeRoy, Elizabeth City.

14145

.do

do _._

Miller Grocery Co., North

14144

do

...do..

Wilkesboro.
Allen & Ulrich, North Wilkes-

13569

Hotel Astor, Uncoated - -

B. Fischer & Co., New York, N. Y..
James G. Gill Co., Norfolk, Va

....do

boro.
Polk Bros., Monroe

14147
14146

Rice, Full Dress, Absolutely
Pure, Uncoated.

do -

C. A. Jones, Winston-Salem..
Center Mercantile Co., Win-

13568
14143

Toxaway, Coated with Glucose

and Talc.
Rice, Japan Style, Old Time

Brand.

Imperial Coffee Co., Richmond,
Va.

Stokes-Grymes Grocery Co., Rich-
mond, Va.

ston-Salem.
A. P. Barrett, Rockingham...

E. M. Towns, Reidsville......

SALT FISH.

During the latter part of September the attention of the Food Officials
was called to w^hat appeared to be illness produced from eating salt fish,
mullets.

It is not unusual for people to suspect that they have been made ill
or poisoned by having eaten certain food, and present the matter to the
Department to be investigated, without having much evidence upon
Avliich to base their suspicion.

In this case there appeared to be sufficient evidence to justify an in-
vestigation, which was made. The investigation showed further evi-
dence of the fish causing the illness, and the sale of the suspected fish
was stopped until complete investigation could be made.

Samples of the fish from several shipments, though all from the same
pack, Avere obtained. Chemical test for preseiwatives and other poisons

The Bulletin.

87

the law must show that the rice is coated, and that same can be removed
by washing.

Ten samples of rice were examined, three of which were uncoated and
seven were coated. The labels of the coated samples did not show that
the product was coated, as is required under both the State and the
National laws, and the sale of these products was in violation of the
law.

See results and conclusions in table below.

AMINATION OF RICE.

Il
11

Test for
Talc.

13572

Positive

13571

....do

13570

...-do

14145

-...do

14144

..-.do

13569

Negative

14147

-..do.

14146

....do

13568

Positive

14143

....do

Remarks and Conclusions.

Rice, coated with glucose and talc, and so stated on label.

Rice, coated with felucose and talc. Fact not stated on label; adulterated; sale illegal.

do.
do.

Rice, coated with glucose and talc. Statement of coating should be more prominent;

sale illegal.
Rice, uncoated.
do.

do.

Rice, coated, and so stated on label.

Rice, coated with glucose and talc. Fact not stated on label; adulterated; sale illegal.

were made, but nothing was found that could have produced the trouble.
As chemical tests showed nothing that could have produced the trouble,
tests on living animals, cats, rats, and guinea pigs, were resorted to. It
soon became evident that the fish, though they appeared to be sound,
contained a deadly poison.

As it was a very serious matter, and the Department did not wish to

condemn and have destroyed several hundred barrels of fish without the

most positive proof that the use of same would be dangerous, the Bureau

of Chemistry of the United States Department of Agriculture was asked

' to examine the fish also, and samples of same were sent for the purpose.

The report of the Bureau, through the Cooperative Division of same,
confirmed the results obtained by this department, and advised that the
fish did contain an unidentified poisonous substance, probably a pro-
tein decomposition product, which was responsible for the trouble, and

88

The Bulletin.

which was probably due to the fish having stood too long before being
placed in the pickling brine. The report further advised that the use
of the fish as food be prohibited.

The report of the United States Department completely confirming
the results obtained by this Department, and it being impracticable to
test each barrel, so as to separate any good that might be in the bad fish,
the whole pack of fish — several hundred barrels — was condemned and
the sale of same as food prohibited.

The matter was at once taken up with the packers of the fish, the
Morehead City Sea Food Company, of Morehead City. Mr. C. S. Wal-
lace, the president of the company, came to Raleigh and went, in detail,
into the matter of packing the fish, and he stated most positively that
the fish were not held an undue length of time before being placed in
the brine and that same were packed under as clean, sanitary conditions
as he had ever packed fish. He further states that the fish in question
were packed in a new, clean fish house with concrete floor and plenty of
clean, fresh water, while some of the same catch of fish, and from which
no trouble has arisen, were packed under similar conditions, except they
were packed in an old fish house which was not in as good condition as
the new one referred to.

Unless some of the fish were caught at an earlier time and held by
the fishermen and mixed at the bottom with a later catch, with |;he in-
formation in hand it is impossible to say why the fish packed at the old
place were good and the fish packed at the new place were bad. As the

Material.

CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM RESULTS

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

14210

Salt Fish, Mullets.

14211 ....do.
14209-.. .do.
14215. ...do-

14208.
14216.

14223 .

.do.
.do-

.do-

14236.. -do.
14224.... do.
14237.— do.

Morehead City Sea Food Co., More-
head City, N. C.

....do

....do.

-...do.

C. B. GUI Co., Raleigh.

.do.
.do.

Dr. J. E. Griffin, Edenton.

.do.
-do-

-do-

T. L. Hunnicutt, Wakefield

George R. Parker, Raleigh,

R. F. D.
Robertson & Keith, Knightdale-

Hardy Hill, Kinston

G. T. Jones, Dunn

E. G. Griffin, Woodland

The Bulletin. 89

fish were unloaded from the boat at the old place first, coming from the
top, they evidently represented the last part of the catch. As the fish
packed at the new house were unloaded last, and came from the bottom
of the boat, it is reasonable to suppose that they had been held longer
by the fishermen before delivering them to the packers, and it is most
likely that this is the reason for the fish packed at the old house being
good while the fish packed at the new house, under better conditions,
were bad.

Manufacturers, packers, and dealers are responsible for the condition
of food products handled by them, and the packers of the' bad fish are
responsible for their condition, but it is to their credit that they were
very active in helping to stop the sale of same, and when informed that
the fish were bad beyond question, they readily and willingly consented
for the fish to be destroyed.

The situation was serious ; quite a few people had been made very ill,
and probably a death or two had been caused by the fish, though at first
there was no very positive proof of it. Had the Department and the
packers of the fish not acted promptly in stopping the sale of same, it is
likely that much illness woula have been produced and many deaths
would have occurred.

("With gratitude this Department acknowledges the assistance rendered
in this matter by the Bureau of Chemistry, United States Department
of Agriculture, through the Cooperative Division of the same.)

See conclusions in table below.

OF EXAMINATION OF SALT FISH.

&

*■

Conclusions.

14210

Salt fish; bad. Contained a deadly poisonous substance which appeared to be a
position product.

protein decom-

14211

do.

14209

Salt fish. Contained no poisonous substance.

14215

Salt fish; bad. Contained deadly poisonous substance which appeared to be a
position product.

protein decom-

14208

do.

14216

Salt fish. Contained no poisonous substance.

14223

Salt fish; bad. Contained a deadly poisonous substance which appeared to be a
position product.

protein decom-

14236

do.

14224

do.

14237

do.

90

The Bulletin.

SWEET OIL AND SWEET OIL SUBSTITUTES.

Sweet oil is olive oil. Any oil other than olive oil branded sweet oil
would be niisbranded. It is not correct to label cotton-seed oil sweet oil,
and elseAvhere on the label describe tlie true character of the oil.

There seems to have been a difference of opinion as to what consti-
tutes sweet oil. The Department in 1911 made an investigation of the
subject and found that the only oil to which the term "sweet oil" may
be correctly ai^plied is olive oil. The United States Department of
Agriculture in food inspection decision 'No. 139 has since that time held

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SWEET

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analj-sis.

13512 Keller's Sweet Oil, No. 10 Carr, Owens & Co., Baltimore, Md..

14105 Dill's Celebrated Sweet Oil, JDill Medicine Co., Norristown, Pa..

Pure Olive. I
13520 Gilbert's No. 7 Olive Sweet Oil.JGilbert Bros. & Co., Baltimore, Md,
laSn'Oilbert'sNo. 10 Sweet Oil | do... _

12899 Sweet Oil, Olive, Gilbert's No. • do

10.

12900 -...do. do.

12901
12903

12909
12910
12898

13510
13509

14107

14104

13516

13513

13515

14103

13522

12902

12904
1290fi

.do_

Sweet Oil, Olive, Gilbert's No. 7
Sweet Oil, Gilbert's No. 10 1 do.

Sweet Oil, Gilbert's Olive No. 10 do

do... do..

Sweet Oil, "Red Cross" ...jlnterstate Commerce Co., Balti-

' more, Md.

Sweet Oil, McNeal's Standard. .jKent Drug Co., Baltimore, Md

Sweet Oil W. H. King Drug Co., Raleigh,

I N. C.
Sweet Olive Oil, Reliable iMcCormick & Co., Baltimore, Md...

Sweet Oil, Absolutely Pure, do

Reliable.
Sweet Oil, McCormick's Reli- i do

able.
Sweet Oil, for Technical Use Owens & Minor Drug Co., Rich-
mond, Va. «
Sweet Oil, Peabody's Peabody Drug Co., Durham, N.C..

Sweet Oil, N. P. D..

Sweet Oil

Sweet Oil, Standard -

....do-.

Sweet Oil

Norman-Perry Drug Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.

John M. Scott & Co., Charlotte,
N. C.

Standard Drug Co., Elizabeth
City, N. C.

....do

Terry-Taylor Drug Co., Norfolk,
Va.

E. A. Williams, Battleboro. ..
Kings Mountain Grocery Co.,

Kings Mountain.
L. W. Parker, Mount Olive...
H. C. Joyner, Rocky Mount..
Klein Bros., Morehead City. .

Walter Credle & Co., Wash-
ington.
._..do

Gideon Pendleton, Elizabeth
City.

J. H. Harris, Farmville-

J. B. Pierce Co., .^yden

Spence & Vinson, Goldsboro..

W. T. Buchanan, Sanford

Ashley Home & Son, Clayton

Shipman Bros., Henderson-
ville.

M. T. Parham & Co., Gas-
tonia.

J. H. & W. F. Low, Greens-
boro.

W. E. Edwards & Son, Battle-
boro.

Peabody Drug Co., Durham.

Curry-Patterson Co., Maxton.

F. G. Terrell, Belhaven.

R. B. White, Elizabeth City..
C. W. Stevens & Co., Eliza-
beth City.

The Bulletin.

91

that any oil other than olive oil is misbranded when sold under the
name "Sweet Oil," and it is not correct to label cotton-seed oil as "sweet
oil" and then elsewhere place on the label words to describe the true
character of the oil.

This department does not wish to in any way discriminate against
cotton-seed oil, for it is a good food product and justly deserves the good
name it bears ; but it is not sweet oil and cannot be legally sold as such.

The results of the examination of the 29 samples examined this year
are published in the table below.

OIL AND SWEET OIL SUBSTITUTES

•

II

■ii

Halphen's Test
for Cotton-seed
Oil.

Baudauin Test
for Sesame Oil.

o

a

alo

Refractive
Index.

Specific
Gravity, 15.5° C.

Remarks and Conclusions.

13512

Negative

69.8
68.0

67.9
69.8
63.0

1.4721
1.4710

1.4710
1.4721
1.4678

Sweet oil.

14105

do

0.91563, do.

13520
13511

....do

do

do.

do.

12899

do

Negative.

0.91193' do.

12900

_...do

....do.—

64.0

1.4685

do.

12901
12903

.._.do

..._do

....do..-.
....do....

63.0
63.0

1.4678
1.4678

- '

do.
do.

12909
12910
12898

....do

....do

Positive

-..-do....
....do....
do

63.0
64.0
70.0

1.4678
1.4685
1.4723

do.
do.
Cotton-seed oil, misbranded. Was branded sweet
oil; sale illegal.

13510

69.0
76.0

1.4717
1.4579

Sweet oil.

13509

Cotton-seed oil, misbranded. Was branded sweet

,

oil; sale illegal.

14107

Negative .

68.0
68.0

1.4710
1.4710

0.91425

Sweet oil.

14104

....do

do.

13516

-...do

69.2

1.4718

do.

13513

Positive

75.9
75.2

1.4759
1.4754

Cotton-seed oil, branded sweet oil; misbranded;

13515

....do

sale illegal.
Cotton-seed oil, misbranded. Was branded sweet
oil; sale illegal.

14103

...-do

74.0

1.4774

0.92184

do.

13525

- Neeative

68.9

1.471f

Sweet oil.

' 1290;

! ....do

Negative.

64. C

1.468f

do.

1290'
1290

I -...do

3 Positive

--.-do-.
--.do-..

64. C
70. C

1.468.
) 1.472;

)

J

1

do.
Cotton-seed oil, misbranded. Was branded sweet
oil; sale was illegal.

92

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SWEET

Material and Brand
from Label.

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

12905 Sweet Oil, Cold Pressed, Pure.. Terry-Taylor Drug Co., Norfolk,
I , Va.

13518|Sweet Oil. P. A. Thompson, Winston-Salem,

N. C.
13519

14106
12908
12907

Sweet Oil, Pure, Our Seal.

.do.

Vaughn-Crutchfield Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.

.do.

Sweet Oil .'Williams & Tynes, Norfolk, Va

Sweet Oil, Strictly Pure Williams, Martin & Gray, Norfolk,

Va.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

C. W. Stevens & Co., Eliza-
beth City.

P. A. Thompson, Winston-
Salem.

Meador Supply Co., Madison.

J. T. Angell, Mocksville

L. S. Landing, Plymouth

W. S. Blanchard & Son, Hert-
ford.

VANILLA EXTRACTS AND VANILLA EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES.

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS.

Vanilla extract is the flavoring extract prepared from vanilla bean,
with or without sugar or glycerin, and contains in one hundred cubic
centimeters (100 cc.) the soluble matters from not less than ten (10)
grams of the vanilla bean.

The adulterants of vanilla extract are tonka bean extract, artificial
vanillin, artificial coumarin, caramel and coal-tar colors. Artificial va-
nillin is the same as the chief flavoring principle of the vanilla bean,
but the extract made from this substance lacks the flavor of genuine

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VANILLA

^1

13188
14161
13178
13232
14153
14168

13185
14180

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Vanilla Extract, A.

&P.
Vanilla Substitute..

Vanilla Extract, Pure

Food, Sunbeam.
Vanilla Guaranteed

Vanilla.

VanUla Flavoring,
Brame's Com-
pound.

VanjUa Extract, Pea-
cock Brand.

Vanilla Extract,
Compound.

Sold by
Dealer as —

Vanilla Extract.

Vanilla Substi-
tute.
Vanilla Extract.

..do

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co.,

Jersey City, N. J
Austin-Nichols Co., New York,

N. Y.
....do

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

Vanilla Extract.

Vanilla Flavor-
ing Com-
pound.

Vanilla Extract.

Vanilla Extract,
Compound.

Robert R. Bellamy, Wilming-
ton, N. C.

Robert R. Bellamy, Wilming-
ton, N. C.

Brame Drug Co., North
Wilkesboro, N. C.

Bristol Drug Co., Bristol, Va.-
Tenn.

Burwell & Dunn Co., Char-
lotte, N. C.

A. & P. Tea Co., Greens-
boro.
H. O. Mattox, Dunn

B. G. Hicks, Louisburg

Henry Wentzensen, Wil-
mington.
R. L. Biu-ton, Wilmington .

Brame Drug Co., North
Wilkesboro.

The Atkinson Co., Elkin...

Bradford Grocery and Pro-
duce Co., Statesville.

i

The Bulletin.

93

OIL AND SWEET OIL SUBSTITUTES— CowimMed.

o a

T3
0)

m

d

a

■B

■M

M

o

ao .

e3

fH^H

W

^O

12905, Negative.-
ISSlsiPositive..
135191— -do....

14106
12908
12907

....do....
....do-...
Negative.

pq.:

MO •

S uO
■o go

Negative.. 78.0

74.4

'• 74.4

Negative,
-...do.-.

74.0
70.0
64.0

^►3

1.4771

1.4749

1.4749

1.4747
1.4723
1.4685

O

0.92209

Remarks and Conclusions.

Not sweet oU, but was so branded and was sold as

sweet oil; sale was illegal.
Cotton-seed oU, misbranded. Was branded sweet

oU; sale Ulegal.
do.

do.

do.

Sweet oil.

vanilla extract, owing to the absence of other substances, which cannot
be successfully imitated. Tonka beans are much cheaper than vanilla
beans and have a ranker and more stringent flavor, due to coumarin,
which is also prepared artificially for use in extracts.

The results of the examination of 64 samples are reported in the table
below, and by reference to same the character of the adulteration and
misbranding can be seen without repeating it here.

Many of the samples were sold in violation of the law, notwithstand-
ing the dealers have been repeatedly cautioned about this and similar
violations.

EXTRACTS AND

VANILLA EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES.

Laboratory
Number.

I

4^

a

Hi

O

m

<

Lead Number,

Normal

(Winton).

I ^
b a

.=3 0

_d

a

d

6

d

o

CO

t-H

S s

D, t-

Remarks and Conclusions.

13188

12.30

0.82

0.262

Negative...

0.9945

VanUla extract.

14161

12.33

0.07

0.17

Positive

1.0410

Vanilla extract, compound.

13178

19.20

0.23

0.56

0.200

Negative...

1.0168

Vanilla extract.

13232

21.80

Positive

1.0697

Vanilla extract, compound. Was branded vanilla

extract; misbranded; sale illegal.

14153

22.50

0.17

-—do

1.0770

Compound vanilla extract; misbranded; sale illegal.

14168

12.77

0.05

0.09

-...do

1.0557

Vanilla extract.compound ; adulterated ; misbranded ;
sale illegal.

13185

16.10

0.67

0.299

Negative...

1.0167

Vanilla extract.

14180

8.98

0.42

0.110

Positive

1.0096

Vanilla extract, compound.

94

The Bulletijv.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VANILLA EX

^ I Material and

B tj Brand from

SS Label.

Si

14159 Vanilla Extract, (26)
Chamberlain's.

1318o!vanilIa Extract, Pure
Concentrated.

13187 Vanilla Extract,

White House Brand

14155 Windsor Brand

Sold by
Dealer as —

14179.

Vanilla Extract.

_...do...

-—do

..do-.

..do

..do

..do

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Chamberlain's Medicine Co.,
Des Moines, Iowa.

William M. Chappelear &
Sons, Zanesville, O.

Concord Chemical Co., Balti-
more, Md.

Cumberland Mfg. Co., Nash-
ville, Tenn.

F. L. Daggett Co., Boston,
Mass.

The Dill Medicine Co., Norris-
town, Pa.

....do

14157 Vanilla Extract,

Dill's Pure.
14166 Vanilla Extract, Dill's

Absolutely Pure, j
14160 Vanilla Extract, do

Dill's. !

14156iVanilla Sustitute, [Vanilla Extract

Dill's. I Substitute.

13175jVanilla Flavor, Com- Vanilla Extract, M. M. Fenner Co., Fredonia,

pound, Dr. Fen- Imitation. N. Y.

ner's Imitation.
12926 Vanilla Extract, Vanilla Extract. C. O. Fonerden & Co., Balti-

.do.
.do.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

J.E.Webb, Shelby...-
W. A. Whitaker, Apex.

Miller Grocery Co., North
Wilkesboro.

Southern Grocery Co., Wil-
mington.

Peoples Drug Co., Salis-
bury.

W. H. Dellinger, Gastonia.

Carolina Warehouse,

Greensboro.
Kings Mountain Grocery

Co., Kings Mountain.
B. T. Barker & Co., Gasto-

nia.
S. Meyer, Enfield

Fonerden's High-

more, Md.

est Grade.

12932

Vanilla Extract,

-...do

The Four Company, Norfolk,

Golden Horse Shoe

Va.

Brand.

Ul.'il

Dove Brand

do

The Frank Tea and Spice Co.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

13190

Vanilla Extract

.—do..

Greensboro Drug Co., Greens-
boro, N. C.

13235

Vanilla Extract,

-...do

Greever-Lotspeich Mfg. Co.,

Pure, Blue Ribbon

■ Knoxville, Tenn.

Brand.

.

13231

do

....do

....do ■

13189

Vanilla Extract (U.

....do

Grissom-Sikes Drug Co.,

S. P.), Alcohol 61%.

Greensboro, N. C.

13174

Vanilla Extract,

....do

Heekin Spice Co., Cincin-

Heekin's Deer

nati, 0.

Head.

14170

Vanilla Extract,
Heekin's White
Cap.

--.-do

....do

14174

Vanilla Extract,
Pure, Hite's

-...do

S. P. Hite Co., Roanoke, Va....

13193

Vanilla Extract,

....do

Interstate Chemical Co.,

Kitchen Queen.

Baltimore, Md.

13179

....do

Vanilla E.xtract,

....do

. do

14165

....do

Interstate Commerce Co.,

Old Dominion.

Richmond, Va.

13169

....do

do .

.-..do

...do

12927

V'anilla Extract, Pure,

....do

Old Dominion.

1

Spence& Vinson, Goldsboro

L. S. Landing, Plymouth..

Hardy Hill, Kinston.

Greensboro Drug Co.,
Greensboro, N. C.

S. H. Youngblo'od, Char-
lotte.

R. A. Montgomery, Wil-
mington.

Grissom-Sikes Drug Co.,
Greensboro.

Cummings Grocery Co.,
Tarboro.

J. R. Cummings, Winston-
Salem.

Shipman Bros., Hender-

sonville.
Madison Grocery Co.,

Madison.
T. A. -\ddison. East

Durham.
M. S. Jeffreys, Greensboro.

Champion Bros., Clayton.
J. S. Derr, Goldsboro

The Bi lletin".

95

TRACTS AND VANILLA EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES— Continued.

-so

o OJ

U

Ph

s .

d C

c3

s

O

o

o

'S >

Remarks and Conclusions.

14159
13180

131871

I
14155:

14179

14157

14166|

14160

14156

13175

12926

22.10
37.40
28.50

7.82
14.10

0.45
0.20
0.12

0.190
0.516
0.321

0.37!.

8.13
15.11

0.41 0.51
0.57
0.60
0.72

0.57

0.210
0.110
0.110
0.210

0.03.

25.94 0.22

12932 14.37

0.24

14151: 18.52' 0.38
13190 17.50
13235 16.80

13231 19.601.
13189 13.90'.
13174! 21.80

14170 25.10

0.14

0.47

14174

13193

24.34 0.49

35.20

I
I

13179 32.00 0.40
14165 23.81 0.33

0.39

0.57

0.100

0.110

0.15

Negative.

....do...

Positive,
0.083%
Negative.

....do...

....do...

....do...

....do...

Positive..

....do...

1.0199 Vanilla extract.

1.1273 Vanilla extract, compound; misbranded; sale illegal.

1.0997"

.' 0.9738

. 0.9743

., 0.9580

., 0.9519

. 0.9650

-! 1.0381

Negative.

....do..

.do.

0.242 Positive,
0.168%
Negative.

0.70
0.18
0.46

0.52

0.65
0.93
0.70
0.43

0.298
0.336
0.222

0.160

0.470
0.400
0.400
0.220

13169J 17.80 0.12; 0.67 0.424
12927 15.47 0.2o| 0.30 0.150

.-.-do...

Positive,
0.065%
Negative.

1.0170

Vardlla extract, compound ; adulterated ; misbranded ;

sale illegal.
Vanilla extract, below .standard; adulterated; sale

illegal.
Vanilla extract.

do.

do.

do.
Extract vanilla, imitation.
Extract vanilla, imitation, colored with caramel.

Vanilla extract.

do.

do.

1 . 0346 Vanilla extract, compound : adulterated ; misbranded ;
sale illegal.
1 Vanilla extract.

1.0098

1.0098

do.

1.0275 Vanilla extract, compound; adulterated; misbranded;
sale illegal.
! Vanilla extract.

1.0298

...do

1.0264

...do

1.0245

...do

1.1156

...do

1.1156

...do

1.0660

...do

1.0176

...do

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.
do.

96

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VANILLA EX

>1

IJ

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as—

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who

Sent Sample for Analysis.

1^

14154

Old Dominion Brand

Vanilla extract.

Interstate Commerce Co.,
Richmond, Va.

E. L. Starkey, Wilmington.

13170

Vanilla Extract, I. C.
Vanilla Extract

....do

....do

Wallace Grocery, Smithfield

13183

....do.

C. E. King & Sons, Durham,

N. C.
Knoxville Drug Co., Knox-

C. E. King & Sons, Durham

14171

Vanilla Flavor,

Vanilla Flavor,

N. C. Christopher, Murphy

Dilute, Star Brand.

Dilute.

viUe, Tenn.

14164

Vanilla Extract

Vanilla Extract.

T. C. Mcllheney, Greensboro,

N.C.
Miller Mfg. Co., New York,

Troxler Bros., Greensboro..

14152

High Proof Brand...

Vanilla Substi-

E. B. Hackburn, New

tute.

N.Y.

Bern.

14162

Vanilla Extract,

Vanilla Extract.

Newton Tea and Spice Co.,

R. J. Wheeler, Dunn

Pure, Newton's

Cincinnati, Ohio.

»

Red Seal.

12929

Vanilla Extract

....do

....do

W. Gray Willis, Washington

13176

Vanilla Extract,
Owens & Minor's.

...-do

Owens & Minor Drug Co.,
Richmond, Va.

M. C. Braswell, Battleboro.

13172

Vanilla Extract,

Vanilla Extract,

L. H. Parke Co., Philadelphia,

N. J. Bell, Fayetteville

Parke's Choice.

Pure.

Pa.

13184

Vanilla Extract,

Vanilla Extract.

Peabody Drug Co., Durham,

Peabody Drug Co., Dur-

Peabody's.

N.C.

ham.

14158

Vanilla Extract,

....do

Reiley-Taylor Co., New

Roberts Grocery Co.,

Pure, Votan Brand.

Orleans, La.

Shelby.

13182

Vanilla Extract,

....do

The Royal Remedy and Ex-

W. 0. Whitaker, Apex

Sender's.

tract Co., Dayton, Ohio.

14169

Vanilla Compound

Vanilla Flavor,

Sampson Medicine Co., Win-

Sampson Medicine Co.,

Flavor, Sampson

Compound.

ston-Salem, N. C.

Winston-Salem.

Br'd, Full Strength.

14172

Vanilla Extract,

Vanilla Extract. Sanford, Chamberlain & Al-

S. A. DeHart & Co., Bry-

Pure, Hart's.

bers Co., Knoxville, Tenn.

son City.

14173

Vanilla Extract,

do

C. E. Sauers Co., Richmond,

H. M. Flynn, Henderson-

Sauers' Pure Con-

Va.

vUle.

centrated.

•

14167

Vanilla Flavoring,
Pure, (S) Scott's.

-..-do

John M. Scott & Co., Charlotte,
N.C.

J. L. Clement, Mocksville..

13233 Vanilla Extract,

....do

-..do

Curry-Patterson Co., Max-

Scott's (S) Pure

ton.

Flavoring.

14150

Spartan Brand

....do

Southern Chemical Co.,
Petersburg, Va.

Hardy Hill, Kinston

12928

Vanilla Extract,
Old Homestead.

_...do

Southern Drug Co., Norfolk,
Va.

James W. Cole, Goldsboro..

13191

Vanilla Extract,
61% Alcohol.

....do

Still Drug Co., Greensboro,
N.C.

Still Drug Co., Greensboro.

13171

Vanilla Flavor, Imi-
tation, Red Bird.

Vanilla Flavor.

Suffolk Drug Corporation,
Suffolk, Va.

R. F. Jernigan, Dunn

13186

Vanilla Extract,
Compound.

VanillaExtract.

Surry Drug Co., Elkin, N. C. .

Surry Drug Co., Elkin

13181

Vanilla Extract,

....do

Swanson Drug Co., Chicago,

W. 0. Whitaker, Apex

Darfield's Old

111.

Homestead Brand.

14163

Eagle Brand

....do

Webb Mfg. Co., Nashville,
Tenn.

W. H. Dailey, Greensboro..

13192

Vanilla Extract,

Vanilla Extract,

Welfares Drug Store, Winston-

Welfares Drug Store,

Pure.

Pure.

Salem, N. C.

Winston-Salem.

The Bulletin.

97

TRACTS AND VANILLA EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES— Coniinwed.

-§1

II

6

<

Lead Number,

Normal

(Winton).

so

Coumarin.

d

o
CO

»o

y-t

o ^
a 1-

•
Remarks and Conclusions.

14154

23.03
19.10

Negative

....do

1.0438
1.0307

Vanilla extract.

13170

0.58

0.392

do.

13183

14.70
8.90

Positive

Negative...

0.9814
0.9699

Vanilla extract, compound; misbranded; sale illegal.

14171

0.37

0.38

0.320

Vanilla extract.

14164

16.14

0.12

0.15

0.320

Positive

1.0356

Vanilla extract, compound ; adulterated ; misbranded ;
sale illegal.

14152

13.55

0.11

....do

Compound vanilla extract.

14162

23.55

0.87

0.210

Negative...

1.4390

Vanilla extract.

12929

20.96

0.23

0.55

0.130

....do

do.

13176

22.50

0.19

0.81

0.228

-...do

1.0368

do.

13172

20.90

0.15

0.50

....do

1.0407

do.

13184

16.10

0.24

0.620

Positive,

1.0371

Vanilla extract, compound;adulterated;misbranded;

0.246%

sale illegal.

14158

16.28

0.60

0.100

Negative...

1.0067

Vanilla extract.

13182

18.10

0.61

....do

1.0319

Vanilla extract.

14169

31.07

0.21

0.18

Positive

1.1026

Vanilla extract, compound.

14172

0.36

0.45

0.320

Negative...

0.9873

Vanilla extract.

14173

20.81

0.34

0.53

0.360

— .do

1.0307

do.

14167

0.20

0.48

....do

0.9826

do.

13233

15.50

0.14

0.174

..-.do

0.9973

Vanilla extract, below standard; adulterated; mis-
branded; sale illegal.

14150

20.37

0.42

0.090

....do

1.0331

Vanilla extract.

12928

24.33

0.08

0.19

0.300

Positive

Vanilla extract, compound; misbranded; sale illegal.

13191

0.17

0.273

do

1.0722

Vanilla extract, compound ; adulterated ; misbranded ;
sale illegal.

1.^171

....do

Imitation vanilla extract; misbranded; sale illegal.

13186

17.00

— .do

1.0191

Extract vanilla, compound.

13181

13.60

0.44

0.238

Negative...

1.0110

Vanilla extract, and not vanilla as branded ; vanilla
is the ground bean.

14163

0.23

1

0.38

0.190

.—do

0.9869

Vanilla extract

13192

14.30

1

0.44

....do

1.0090

do.

98

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VANILLA EX

ii

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as^

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

11724
13?3n

Vanilla Extract,

We-Li-Ka.
Vanilla, Pure, Wit-

Vanilla Extract,
do

We-Li-Ka Mfg. Co., Memphis,
Tenn.
do

J. F. Powell, Fayetteville...
Hanover Grocery Co., Wil-

1:^931

sell's New Flavor-
ing.
Vanilla, Pure Fruit

Vanilla

do

mington.
C. W. Stevens & Co.,

12930
13234

Flavor, Witsell's.

Vanilla Extract, Arti-
ficially Colored.

Vanilla Flavor,
Artificial.

Vanilla Extract-
Vanilla Extract,
Artificial.

.Williams, Martin & Gray, Nor-
folk, Va.

Winston Drug Co., Winston-
Salem, N. C.

Elizabeth City.
U. W. Tarkington, Belhaven

V. F. Tarlton, Wadesboro..

VINEGAR AND VINEGAR SUBSTITUTES.

VINEGAR STANDARDS.

Vinegar in the product made by the alcoholic and subsequent acetous
fermentation of the juice of apples, and contains not less than 4.00 per
cent of acetic acid, not less than 1.60 per cent of apple solids, of which
not more than 50.00 per cent are. reducing sugars, and not less than 0.25
j)er cent of apple ash.

Wine vinegar is the product made by the alcoholic and subsequent
acetous fermentation of the juice of grapes, and contains not less than
4.00 per cent of acetic acid, not less than 1.00 per cent of grape solids,
and not less than 0.13 per cent of grape 'ash.

Malt vinegar is the product made by the alcoholic and subsequent
acetous fermentation, without distillation, of an infusion of barley malt
or cereals whose starch has been converted by malt, is dextro-rotatory,
and contains not less than 4.00 per cent of acetic acid, not less than 2.00
per cent of solids, and not less than 0.2 per cent of ash.

Spirit vinegar is the product made by the acetous fermentation of
dilute distilled alcohol, and contains not less than 4.00 per cent acetic
acid.

Under both the State and National Food Laws vinegar is a product
of standard strength made from the juice of apples — that is vinegar,
and nothing else is vinegar, and nothing else can be legally sold simply
as vinegar. A 4 per cent solution of acetic acid in water, colored with
caramel, is not vinegar and cannot be legally sold as such. It has the

The Bulletin.

99

TRACTS AND VANILLA EXTRACT SUBSTITUTES— C'oHitnwcd.

s ^

^1

1
"S

CO 3
o <u

d

1

Lead Number,

Normal

(Winton).

Vanillin—
Per Cent.

e
6

6

Q

CO

o >>

'a >

a ^

Remarks and Conclusions.

11724

10.37

.27

0.48

.150

Negative...

0.9889

Vanilla extract.

13230

53.50

0.77

.380

---do

1.1485

do.

12931

57.76

.42

0.76

.260

..--do

Vanilla extract substitute.

12930

7.67

.18

0.25

.030

--..do

Vanilla extract, below standard; adulterated;
branded; sale illegal.

mis-

13?34

35.50

Positive

1.1276jImitation vanilla extract.

acid strength of vinegar, to be sure, but instead of having the delightful
flavor and odor, so desirable in vinegar, it has nothing but a pungent,
stinging odor and taste. So-called spirit vinegar is practically nothing
but acetic acid in water, colored wdth caramel. Still, manufacturers
and dealers want to sell it as vinegar. They also want to mix it in
all proportions from 20 to 90 per cent, with vinegar and sell this mix-
ture as vinegar.

The most frequent violation of the food law to-day is the sale of these
so-called vinegars as vinegar by the retail dealers of the State. If the
manufacturers or jobbers w'ere to ship these products, labeled vinegar,
from one State into another they w^ould be prosecuted under the I*^a-
tional law.

These products, shipped in barrels, are not often labeled or branded
vinegar, but are labeled what they are, though many dealers in selling
them at retail sell them as vinegar. When a sample of so-called vinegar
is bought by an inspector as vinegar, and the dealer is notified that he
has violated the food law in the sale of a product as vinegar which was
not vinegar, he almost invariably replies that he thought it was vinegar.
Had he looked at the label he would have seen that it was not vinegar.

During the year 311 samples of vinegar and so-called vinegar have
been purchased from the dealers of the State and examined. The results
of the examination of these samples are tabulated below.

Dealers are cautioned that the sale of so-called vinegar or adulterated
vinegar as vinegar will be prosecuted.

100

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINE

Laboratorjr
Number.

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for .\nalysis.

1
13010 Vinegar, Madison,
Imitation.

14078 ..:..^

Vinegar, Imita-
tion.
Vinegar

....do

Alart & McGuire Co., New-
York, N. Y.

Albain Grocery Co., Gastonia,
N. C.

W. H. Hines, Wilmington

B. T. Barker & Co., Gastonia

14077

Allen & Co., Mount Airy

Mrs. L. Freimuth, Wilming-
ton.
Charles Rickert, Wilmington

13016

.. do

American Fruit Products Co.,
Rochester, N. Y.
...do

13008

Vinegar, Cider..
Vinegar

....do

13386

American Commission Co.,
Greensboro, N. C.

Antrim, C. W., & Sons, Rich-
mond, Va.
. do

W. T. Sockwell, Greensboro

13002

Albemarle Apple
Vinegar.

Albemarle Brand. .

"Monarch" Pure
Apple Vinegar'

Sunbeam, Pure

Food, Cider

Vinegar.
....do

Herrin & Bass, Clinton

14010

do

McK. Kincaid, Morganton .

14019

do

do . .

J. A. Branch, Lumberton

12873

•....do

Austin-Nichols Co., New York,

N. Y.
.. do

J. C. Spruill, Plymouth

12S63

do

G. W. Twiddy, Elizabeth

13048

Vinegar, "Mon-
arch."
Vinegar

do

City.
Davis & Byerly, Charlotte

13324

_.._do

C. B. Keech & Co., Tarboro..

13325

... do

....do_ -

....do

12862
12865
13393

Vinegar, Distilled

Imitation.
"Premier" Apple

Cider Vinegar.
Vinegar, Distilled

Spirit, Colored.
Vinegar, Distilled

Spirit.

....do

....do

....do

Baltimore Mfg. Co., Baltimore,

Md.
....do

_...do

T. J. Raynor, Elizabeth City

C. W. Stevens Co., Elizabeth

City.
J. H. Weisner & Co., Winston-

12840

...do...

....do

Salem.
B. B. Davenport, New Bern..

13378

do

Barlard & Ford, Reidsville

14014

....do

Bear, Samuel, Sr., & Sons, Wil-
mington, N. C.

Beech Nut Packing Co., Cana-
joharie, N. Y^.

J. N. Richardson, Wilmington

13020
13929

Vinegar, Beech Nut

Vinegar, Apple-
Vinegar

The McKinnon Co., Maxton.,
A. Blanton Grocery Co.,

14011

do

Blanton, A., Grocery Co.,

Marion, N. C.
Board, Armstrong & Co.,

Alexandria, Va.
Borden & Somberger, Fairport,

N. Y.

Shelby, N. C.
A. L. Finley, Marion

13015
12833
14053

Vinegar, "Mount

Vernon."
Vinegar, Pure

Apple.

....do

-.._do

do

L. L. Shepherd, Wilmington..

Needham Willis, Morehead

City.
Bodenheimer Bros., Waugh-

12834

....do

Bentley, Shiver & Co., Balti-
more, Md.

Boushee, Ed., Wilmington,
N. C.

....do

town.
J. B. Jones & Son, Beaufort...

14018

....do

B. B. Humphreys, Wilming-

13011

...do

ton.
Palace Market, Wilmington...

13009

__..do

....do

D. F. Toler, Wilmington

The Bulletin.

101

GAR AND SUBSTITUTES FOR VINEGAR.

>>

ll

Acidity,
Total—
Per Cent.

feohd Matter
in Solution—
Per Cent.

a

6

1

en

<

1

h

SO

O OJ

Non-sugar
Solids—
Per Cent.

Remarlis and Conclusions.

•

13010

4.72

4.25

3.90

5.10

4.70
4.55

4.66

4.44

0.22

0.28

0.38

3.38

3.13
2.32

3.19

2.12
2.73
1.50

1.59

1.86

2.26

1.96
0.22

2.18

0.19

0.27

1.78
2.44

2.63

0.23

0.45

0.15

3.45

0.31

1.60

2.13

2.62
2.56

Imitation vinegar.

14078

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

14077
13016
13008

0.05

0.28
0.97

0.10

2.41

sale illegal.
Spirit vinegar, sold by dealer as vinegar; misrepresented; sale

illegal. ' ^
Vinegar.

do.

13386

do.

13002
14010

0.42

0.85

2.34

do.
do.

14019 4.56

do.

12873
12863

6.14
4.42
4.26
4.45

4.10
4.72

3.96

4.05

4.40

4.10
4.80

5.00

4.20

4.64

• 4.24

4.16

4.35

4.48

4.36

5.10
4.26

0.29

0.92

Vinegar slightly below standard in apple solids.
Vinegar.

13048

do.

133?4

do.

1R3?fi

do.

12862

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; barrel labeled imitation vinegar;

12865

misrepresented; sale illegal.
Vinegar, slightly below standard ; reduced with water.

13393

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

12840

do.

13378

Vinegar.

14014

do.

130W

do.

13PW

1.39

Compound vinegar, or vinegar to which water onlv had been

14011

added; not straight standard vinegar.
Spirit vinegar, sold by dealer as vinegar; misrepresented; sale

13015

illegal.
Spirit vinegar, misbranded; branded vinegar; explanation does

12833
14053

0.50

0.96

2.40

not excuse misbranding; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

1W34

0.24

Vinegar.

14018

do.

13011

do.

13009

do.

102

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR

<u

OS s
1-5^

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13047
13317

14062

13022
14028
14033

12822
12861

13954
14119
14120
14117
14045
14039

12821

12826
14121

14118

14116

13355

13030

13389

14041
14068
12882
13323
14043
13322
14049

12855

14061

13028

13027
12872

12812
13328
13303

Vinegar.
..do..

Boykin Grocery Co., Wilson,
N. C.

-do.

.do.
.do.
.do.

.do-
-do.

Vinegar, Family...

Vinegar, Apple

...do

Vinegar.

Vinegar, Pure

Apple.
....do

....do

Vinegar, Uncle Josh

Vinegar, Golden
"Horse Shoe, Apple

Vinegar, Grape
Vinegar

..do

..do

Vinegar, Apple.

..do

Sol Caslar, AshevUle, N.
....do

.-._do

C...

....do.
...-do.

..do

Vinegar, Apple-
Vinegar, Com-
pound.
Vinegar

L. A. Cobb & Co., Kinston,

N. C.

----do

Coca-Cola Bottling Co., Ashe-

ville, N. C.
...do

.do.

-...do

....do

Vinegar, Apple-
Vinegar

....do

...-do

....do

.do.

Consolidated Cider and Vine-
gar Co., Memphis, Tenn.

Cramer Bros., Winston-Salem,
N. C.

....do

— do

.do.
.do.
.do.

..do.
.-do.

..do.
..do.
..do.

James Ellis & Co., Washington,
N. C.

Fleming & Christian, Rich-
mond, Va.

....do

The Four Company, Norfolk,
Va.

...do

....do

L. M. Foushee, Jonesboro, N. C

Boyd-Garner Co., Charlotte..
Ruffin-High Co., Wilson

John F. Brietz, Winston-
Salem.

E. L. Burns, Maxton..^

J. H. Burton, Reidsville

Carolina Warehouse, Greens-
boro.
Stephen Carraway, Kinston. .
W. H. Cartwright, Elizabeth
City.

Elias Carr, Raleigh

John H. Jenkins, Asheville...

W. L. Barrett, Asheville

E. S. Harrold, Waynesville

City Grocery Co., Madison

J. L. Clement, Mocksville

W. H. Murphy, Kinston

Stroud Bros., Kinston

Shipman Bros., Henderson-

ville.
Waynesville Grocery Co.,

Wayne-sville.
Marr-Coburn Co., Bryson

City.
O. K. Grocery Co., Durham..

E. M. Covington & Co.,

Rockingham.
E. P. Hertman, Winston-
Salem.

J. N. Young, Walnut Cove

W. F. Grubbs, Winston-Salem

Dail & Halton, Ayden

C. M. Dancy, Tarboro.

Dodson & Co., Walnut Cove..
Nathan Edmondson, Tarboro
Elkin Mercantile Co., Elkin..

J. H. Jarvis, Washington

H. E. Faircloth, Winston-
Salem.

Watson-King Co., Hocking-
ham.

E. D. Whitlock Rockingham..

Plymouth Supply Co., Ply-
mouth.

S. R. Odom, Goldsboro

W.G.Bass, Halifax...

W. G. Dean, Red Springs

The Bulletin.

103

AND SUBSTITUTES FOR YINBGAR— Continued.

<1>

^ I 0) S ;= 0)

■g t.l;S!» t-

o o o

CE.SP-I

13047
13317

14062

13022
14028
14033

12822
12861

13954
14119
14120
14117
14045
14039

12821

12826
14121

14118

14116

13355

13030

13389

14041
14068
12882
13323
14043
13322
14049

12855

14061

13028

13027
12872

12812
13328
13303

5.46
4.25

5.60

5.16
4.66
2.92

4.60
6.02

4.46
4.70
4.00
3.95
3.65
2.80

4.60

4.36
4.95

4.55

3.30

3.75

4.84

4.20

3.30
4.05
5.62
6.05
5.10
4.00
1.70

4.62

4.40

4.46

4.96
4.70

4.48
4.40
5.05

2.34
2.43

0.66

«

0.53

1.

1.54

0.51
0.63

a

0.24

-SO

o <a

M I IS

.18

0.14
2.22
2.04
3.57
2.64

0.25

1.56
1.

1.56

0.09

0.18

2.26

0.36

0.28
2.53
3.10
0.56
3.56
1.56
1.50

1.78

2.14

1.63

1.67
1.55

0.36
0.44

2.6

0.40
0.32

0.70
0.81

Remarks and Conclusions.

.51

0.24

0.02

1.58
1.16

0.38

0.43
0.23

0.26

.64

.92

Vinegar.
do.

do.

Compound vinegar; sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Vinegar.

Product sold as vinegar, below standard; adulterated; sale was

illegal.
Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal,
do.

Grape vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

Vinegar to which water had been added; adulterated; sale illegal.
Vinegar below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.
Vinegar, below standard; change was not complete; sale as vine-
gar was illegal.
Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Vinegar,
do.

do.

Spirit vinegar, below standard; misbranded; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar, below standard ; mi.sbranded ; explanation does not

excuse misbranding; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar.
Vinegar.

do.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Product sold as vinegar; below standard in acidity; sale as vinegar

illegal.
Vinegar.

do.

do.

do.
Vinegar, slightly low in apple .solids.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

do.
Vinegar.

104

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR

Si

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as—

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

13018

12832

13379

12853

13029

13004

12803
14024

Vinegar Com- Frey & Son, Baltimore, Md

pound.

Vinegar Gast, Croft & Co., Louisville,

I Ky.

Vinegar, Our Pride, i do.. do

Distilled.

Vinegar, Dis- James G. Gill & Co., Norfolk,

tilled. I Va.
Vinegar .j do.

C. R. Pope, Wilmington.

W. H. Hilliard, Morehead

City.
J. D. Strad*, Reidsville..

Vinegar, White
House.

Vinegar, Guaran-
teed Apple Vine-
gar, Monarch.
14029 Vinegar, Cider,
Monarch.

14040

13300 Vinegar, Pure

Apple, Monarch.
Vinegar, Monarch..

do J. T. Ginn & Co., Goldsboro,

N. C.

do i

Vinegar, Apple. 'D. J. Gregory Vinegar Co.,
Richmond, Va.

Jackson & Roberson, Wash-
ington.

C. C. Shores & Co., Rocking-
ham.

G. D. Andrews & Bro., Clin-
ton.

B. F. Grady, Goldsboro

W. S. Clark, FayettevUle

Vinegar.

.do.

Vinegar, Apple do.

Vinegar do.

13024
13304
13301
13391

13388

14059

14012

12876

14070

14058
13305

13032

13006
13035

13041
13329

12878

14067

Vinegar, Hancock's
Old Fashioned
Apple Vinegar.

.do.

.do.

Spray Mercantile Co., Spray-
John R. Smith, Walnut Cove.
J. T. Tatum & Co., Fayette-
vUle.
Russell-Gillis Co., Laurin-
burg.

.do Hall & Pearsall, Wilmington, W. J. Council, Red Springs...

N. C.

.do ! - Hamilton Supply Co., Red

Springs
do ; Hancock Grocery Co. , Winston-
Salem, N. C.

O. H. Walker, Winston-Salem

.do.

.do-

Vinegar, .4.pple. do.

Vinegar |F. S. Hashagen, Wilmington,

N. C.

Vinegar, Pure
Apple Cider.

Vinegar,
Chemical.

Vinegai-

....do ,

-...do

Vinegar, Cider,

Goldthorn.
Vinegar, Hirsch's

Pure Apple.

-...do

Vinegar, Pure
Apple.

Vinegar

....do

-do.
-do-

H. J. Heinz Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
-...do....

..do.
..do.

..do.

Long Bros., Waughtown.

J. H. Weisner & Co., Winston-
Salem.
J. H. Gurganus, Wilmington..

J. L. Hassell & Co., Wilming-
ton.

J. A. Hauchins, Winston-
Salem.

J. S. Hege, Winston-Salem

C. V. Williams & Co., Ham-
let.

J. T. Pinkston, Wadesboro

J. Walter Johnston, Warsaw..
C. N. Bruner, Monroe

Walter H. Hildick Co., New

York, N. Y.
Hirsch Bros. & Co., Louisville,

Ky.
Houser Bros., Winston-Salem,

N. C.

S. H. Youngblood, Charlotte.
O. R. Cobb, Halifax

W. H. Ricks, Greenville.

Hampton Bros., Winston-
Salem.

The Bulletin.

105

AND SUBSTITUTES FOR YINEGAR—Contimced.

^2

■a $
o o

13018
12832
13379
12853
13029
13004
12803

.9 fi

O

m.gfii

14024 4.78

4.34
4.30
4.20
4.44
4.12
4.64
4.34

14029

14040
13300

13024

13304

13301

13391

13388

14059

14012

12876

14070

14058
13305

13032

13006
13035

13041
13329

12878

14067

a

P:*

4.36

4.95
4.70

5.14

4.90

4.65

4.65

3.90

4.15

4.78

4.30

4.25

4.25
4.90

5.04

5.04
6.20

5.90
4.00

4.44

4.55

2.16

0.49

0.34

0.34

1.84

1.66

1.93
2.66

2.26

2.33

2.58

2.71
3.17
2.85
1.43

0.25

2.06

2.24

2.62

0.29

0.24
1.63

0.30

1.50

1.78

2.11
1.97

2.10

O 0)

Sf 1 <=
3 I a;
m Mr %
1 T3U

ZmPh

0.37

0.28

0.63

1.95

Remarks and Conclusions.

Dried apple vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

do.

Spirit vinegar, sold as distilled vinegar. Should be sold as spirit

vinegar.
Vinegar.

do.

do.
do.

do.

do.
do.

do.

do.

do.

0.56

0.44

0.58

1.07

1.20

Vinegar, slightly below standard in apple solids.

Spirit vinegar, slightly below standard; sold as vinegar; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

do.

do.

Spirit vinegar.

Spirit vinegar; sold as vinegar; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar, slightly low in apple solids.
Vinegar.

do.
do.

do.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

106

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR

Material and
Brand from

2^ ' Label.

^1

Sold by
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

14072
12866
14035
14075
14021
14025
13371

13370
13367

13361
13359
13357

12804

12806
12841

13316

13354

13347

13038

13034
13033
13036
13000

13001
13005
13019

13021
13025

13026

13382
13031

Vinegar, Distilled, Vinegar.
Monogram, Pick-
ling and Apple.

-do.

Vinegar, Distilled, do.

Pickling and
Apple, Monarch.

..do do.

..do i do.

..do -.1 do.

Vinegar Houser Bros., Winston-Salem,

' I N. C.

I do iHubbard, Slack & Co., Nor-

' folk, Va.
Vinegar, Grape.'

F. H. Farabee, Winston-
Salem.
J. E. Howell, Hertford..

Vinegar R. M. Hughes & Co., Louis-
ville, Ky.
....do

iVinegar, Apple. R. M. Hughes & Co., Louis-

i ! ville, Ky.

Vinegar, White
Wine.

Vinegar

Vinegar, Imitation do

Distilled, Coloredj

..do

Vinegar.Compound
Dist. Pickling andl
Apple, Monogram

.do

-do.

.do.

.do-
-do.

R. D. Caldwell & Son, Lum-

berton.
J. F. Powell & Son, Fayette-

ville.
A. A. Kluttz, Chapel Hill

J. C. Daily, West Durham.
J. C. Thomas, Apex

-do.
-do.

-dO-

-do.

.do-
-do.

..do.
.,do.

Vinegar, Monogram i do .

.do-
.do.
.do.
.do-

Vinegar, Monogram

Vinegar, Apple.

Vinegar

.. Vinegar, Mono-

j gram.

Vinegar, Monogram Vinegar

do I do

.do..

.-.-do..

-do-

Vinegar, Monogram ; do .

R. M. Hughes & Co., Middle-
port, N. Y.
R. M. Hughes & Co., Louis-
ville, Ky.

.-..do

..--do

--..do

Hudson Grocery Co., Greens-
boro.
R. C. Poore, Mount Airy

W. S. Tally, Durham

F. S. Ligon, East Durham...
May & Page, Durham

W. R. Thompson, Goldsboro.

Spence & Vinson, Goldsboro..
J. F. Clark, New Bern

D. C. Braswell, Wilson

Byrd &Upchurch, Durham..

George E. Perry, Henderson.

Helms & Huntley, Monroe...

W. N. Pinkston, Wadesboro...
D. E. Gatewood, W'adesboro
Polk Bros., Monroe

.do iW. D. James, Mount Olive...

...do.
...do.
.--do.

-do.
.do-

M. W. Pope, Mount Olive

Aman Grocery Co., Clinton -.
Thomas Grocery Co., Wil-
mington.

R. H. Strickland, Maxton

W. D. Wright, Laurinburg —

....do.

... D. C. McNeill, Laurinburg.

.do |Tuoker & Erwin, Greensboro.

.do ]E. B. Liles, Rockingham

The Bulletin.

107

AND SUBSTITUTES FOR YINEGAR— Continued.

>>

2 S

o o « : o
<;E-<P-i 02

14072
12866
14035
14075
14021
14025
13371

13370
13367

13361
13359
13357

12804

12806
12841

13316

13354

13347

13038

13034
13033
13036
13000

13001
13005
13019

13021
13025

13026

13382
13031

oO

3.80
4.26
5.56
4.05
6.70
4.08
4.75

3.85
3.90

4.10
4.00
4.15

5.46

4.64
4.12

3.75

3.90

4.00

4.94

3.84
4.30
4.26
4.40

3.94
3.98
4.20

4.44
4.40

4.34

4.15
4.42

0.36
1.70
0.53
1.48
3.85
1.83
1.00

1.15
1.32

1.18
1.33
1.16

0.27

0.65
0.22

1.22

1.37

1.61

1.15

0.50
1.93

2.27
1.10

1.39
1.05
0.50

.1.00
1.31

0.64

1.07
2.12

o

0.57

O CD

O Q o

0.32

0.34

1.17

0.72

2.66

0.68 0.93

Remarks and Conclusion.s.

1.40

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Vinegar.

Compound grape and spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar by retail

dealer; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Vinegar.

do.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, below standard; sold as vinegar; niLsrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, slightly low in acidity; sold as vinegar; mis-
represented; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
do.

Compound vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar; sold as white wine vinegar; misrepresented; sale
illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; barrel was branded "Imitation
Vinegar"; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; below stand-
ard; sale was illegal.

Compound vinegar, slightly below standard; sold as vinegar;
misrepresented; sale illegal.

Vinegar, water added; sold as vinegar by retail dealer; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar.

Vinegar,
do.

Compound vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepre-
sented; sale was illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal,
do.

Compound vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal,
do.

Vinegar, to which water had been added; water added to vinegar
is adulteration; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold by dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Vinegar.

108

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR

14066

12886
12883

12817

13294
13302

13377

13045

12879

14048

12871

13429

14060
14071

14079

13733

13385

12877

12885

12870
12867

12851

12880

13331
13332

13334

13338

13342

13344

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Vinegar,

Vinegar, Apple
Cider.

Vinegar, Pure
Apple.

Vinegar, Pure
Apple, Hyman's
Old Ky. Home.

Soldlby
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

.-do

Vinegar, Apple

Vinegar.

...do.
...do.

Vinegar, Pure .
Apple.

Vinegar, Every-
body's Distilled,
Colored.

.-..do...

.do_

Vinegar, Pure
Apple.

Vinegar, Com-
pound.

Vinegar

.do.

..do

Vinegar, Dis-
tilled.

Vinegar

....do.

Vinegar, Com-
pound.

Vinegar, Grape.

Vinegar,Knott's

Vinegar.
..do..

.do.

R. M. Hughes & Co., Louis-
ville, Ky.

....do

-...do

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

.do.

.do.
.do.

The Hyman Pickle Co., Louis-
ville, Ky.

H. M. Jenkins, Washington,
N. C.

Knadler & Lucas, Louisville,
Ky.
..do

.do.

T. G. Knotts, Suffolk, Va..
.-do

Vinegar, Com-
pound.
..do

Vinegar

..do..

..do..

Vinegar, Grape.

Vinegar, Com-
pound.

.do.
.do.

-do.

.do.

.do.
.do.

.do.

-do-

_do.

-do-

Liberty MercantUe Co., Win-
ston-Salem.

W. B. Driver, Selma -.

Farmers Mercantile Co.,
Selma.

I. E. Braxton, LaGrange

Ashley Home & Son, Clayton
John J. Thrower & Co., Red

Springs.
S. F. Watkins, Raids ville

J. F. Jamison & Co., Char-
lotte.
J. L. Starkey, Greenville.-

Jolly Bros., Elkin

W. D. Jones, Edenton.

Miss Edith Jones, State

Normal College, Greensboro
C. A. Jones, Winston-Salem..
Kirby & Tilley, Winston-
1 Salem.
J. N. Dellinger, Shelby

J. P. Carpenter, Cliffside

JohnE. Sockwell, Greensboro

J. R. & J. G. Moye, Green-
ville.
W. H. Etheridge, Selma

M. A. Hughes, Edenton

W. L. Blanchard & Son, Hert-
ford.

Charles M. Little, Washing-
ton.

J. S. Smith, Greenville

W. J. Burgess, Enfield

M. C. Braswell, Battleboro

W. E. Edwards & Son, Battle-
boro.
C. G. Evans, Weldon

McGhee-Joyner Co., Frank-

linton.
Pirie David, Jr., Henderson..

The Bulletin.

109

AND SUBSTITUTES FOR YINEGAR— Continued.

- o oj

i a
:a3 t-

O

03

o c)
EhPh

C3 4J

fl.i

O 4>

Remarks and Conclusions.

14066

12886
12883

12817

13294
13302

13377

13046

12879

14048

12871

13429

14060
14071

3.95

4.16
4.06

4.80

4.20
4.00

3.85

4.08

4.16

3.85

4.06

4.25

4.10
4.15

1.44

2.10
2.16

1.24

1.92
1.75

1.91

0.18

14079

4.15

13733

4.45

13385

4.15

12877

5.40

12885

4.10

12870

5.96

12867

5.38

12851

5.24

12880

5.44

13331

5.90

13332

4.70

13334

4.30

13338

5.15

13342

5.35

13344

5.60

0.25
1.73
0.35
0.18

1.74

1.57
0.34

2.46

2.04

0.29

0.45

0.45

0.41
0.79

0.46

0..62

1.98
0.39

0.34

0.88

0.49

0.72

0.30

0.07

1.14

0.60

Vinegar, reduced with water; sold as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar,
do.

Vinegar, water added. Sold as vinegar by retail dealer; sale

illegal.
Vinegar,
do.

Vinegar, slightly below standard; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, below standard; sold as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar.

do.

Spirit vinegar, sold as distilled vinegar; was not distilled; sale

was illegal.
Vinegar.

do.

Spirit vinegar; misbranded; was not distilled; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as grape
vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepre-
sented; sale was illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar.

do.

Spirit vinegar, containing small amount of grape vinegar; sold aa
vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Spirit and grape vinegar, sold as vinegar by retail dealer; mis-
represented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
do.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar.

110

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR

u

o a
>3l

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for -Analysis.

13345

Vinegar, Grape.
....do

T. G. Knotts, Suffolk, Va

,...do

Beacom Supply Co., Hen-

13349

derson.
Taylor Bros. , Oxford .

13351

....do

. -do

L. Thomas, Oxford

13364!

...do

. .do -.

R. H. Morris, Durham

13365

Vinegar

do

Main Street Grocery Co.,

13366
13381
13383

Vinegar, Grape-
Vinegar, Com-
pound.
Vinegar, Grape.

do

do

Durham.
D. A. Saunders, Apex

do

HntcVierson Piirp Fnnd Stnrp_

Reidsville.
. do . . Hiatt & Barker. Green.shoro

13384

do

John E. Sockwell, Greensboro
Moser Grocery Co., Winston-

13397

do

do

13293

Vinegar :

....do

Salem.
Y. M. Holland, Clayton

13297

Vinegar, Knott's

Vinegar, Grape-
Vinegar

do.

S. C. Turnage, Smithfield

13296

Grape and Dis-
tilled.

do

W. M. Sanders, Smithfield

13307

do

do

Powers & Millar, Sanford ..

13309

do

. .do...

0. M. Goodwin, Sanford

P. & R. Grocery, Southern

13311

Vinegar, Grape.
Vinegar ..

do

13318

do

Pines.
J. H. Gill, Wilson

13320

Vinegar, Grape-
Vinegar, Com-
pound.
Vinegar

do

Gaston G. Levy, Rocky

13321

-...do

Mount.
C. R. L. Matthews, Rocky

13326

....do

Mount.
D. C. Bell, Halifax ._-.

13327

Vinegar, Grape-
Vinegar, Grape

Compound.
Vinegar..

do

W. F. Coppedge, Halifax

12847

do

C. V. McGhee, New Bern

12846

Vinegar, Com-
pound, Distilled,
Grape.

....do

do

Cooperative Supply Co.,

12844

....do

do

New Bern.
E. B. Hackburn, New Bern-

12842

do

....do

Lucas & Lewis, New Bern

12839

Vinegar, Grape-
Vinegar

do

...do

J. L. McDaniel, New Bern

12838

,. do

S. W. Willis, New Bern

12816

Vinegar, Com-
pound, Distilled,
Grape.

. do

H. A. Powell Grocery Co.,

12814

Vinegar, Grape-
Vinegar

do

Goldsboro.
W. D. Creech, Goldsboro

12813

. do. -

H. Williams, Goldsboro

The Bulletin.

Ill

AND SUBSTITUTES FOR YIKEGAR— Continued.

11

O O 1) o

.9-P

■oO

O
ft,

O OJ

SP I a

o o 1>

2;cBPL,

Remarks and Conclusions.

13345

13349
13351
13364
13365

13366

13381

" 13383

13384
13397

13293

13297

13296

13307
13309
13311

13318

13320

13321

13326

13327

12847

12846

5.35

6.45
5.10
5.90
5.45

5.65

5.50

5.45

5.55^
5.35

4.85

5.55i

5.40

5.00j
5.00

5.60:

5.35J
5.45
5.65
5.50
5.15
5.38
6.22

0.44!

0.59
0.62
0.57
0.44

0.69

0.53

0.53

0.52
0.55

0.35

0.40

0.41

0.39
0.35
0.44

0.59

0.53

0.64

0.52

0.34

0.58

0.56

0.41
0.43
0.46

0.46

0.73

0.82
12813, 5.50 0.61

12844

5.22

12842

5.46

12839

5.40

12838

5.20

12816

5.54

12814

5.78

0.04

0.05
0.05

0.06

0.11

0.10
0.12

0.08

0.48:

. Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as grape
vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
do.

'' do.

0.47; do.

0.32 Compound spirit and grape vinegar; was sold by retail dealer as
vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar; was sold by retail dealer as

grape vinegar; misrepresented; sale was illegal.
Compound spirit and grape vinegar.

0.45

Compound spirit and grape vinegar; was sold by retail dealer as
grape vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
do.
do.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold bj- retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as grape
vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
do.
do.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as grape
vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as grape
vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as grape
vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as-vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

do.
do.
Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as grape

vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal,
do.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold as grape vinegar by

retail dealer; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by dealer as vinegar;

misrepresented; sale was illegal.

112

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR

12810
12809
12808

12805
12825
14022
14063

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

13308
14026

Vinegar, Com-
pound, Distilled,
Grape.

13046
13039

12852

13339

14069

12652
13401

14032

13398 Vinegar, Blended

j with Pure Apple.
128681-

14023
14015
12999

12875

13372

13399
12819
14076
12828
12848

13306

13376

13335
14073

Vinegar

Vinegar, Grape.
Vinegar.

Vinegar, Com-
pound.
Vinegar

T. G. Knotts, Suffolk, Va.

-—do-

--do

-do-
.do.

Vinegar, Grape., do.

!

.-.do do.

Vinegar,
Country.

Vinegar -
-.-do.,
--.do-.

Vinegar, Pure
Apple.

Vinegar

-...do

Vinegar, Apple.
Vinegar

.do-

Vinegar, Apple.

Vinegar

--do

-do-

-do-

-do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
-do.

-dO-

-do-

-do-
-do-

P. D. Lemon, Reidsville.

Lexington Grocery Co., Lexing-
ton, N. C.

G. C. Lovell Co., Mount Airy,

N. C.
Tom Lynch, Greensboro, N. C.
Madison Grocery Co., Madison,

N. C.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

J. G. Derr, Goldsboro-

W. L. Summerlin Co., Golds-

boro.
C. D. Taylor & Co., Golds-

boro.

Mrs. L. B. Bass, Goldsboro...

Hardy Hill, Kinston

R. F. Jernigan, Dunn

Frank L. Reid, Winston-
Salem.

Lee Store Co., Sanford..

Hazel & Mims, Reidsville

S. R. Lentz, Charlotte

Smith Grocery Co., Lexing-
ton.

Charles M. Little, Washing-
ton.

Littleton Meat Market,
Littleton.

C. H. Lloyd, Winston-Salem.

G. B. Lockhart, Durham..
A. Valentine, Mount Airy.

McLamb Grocery Co., Burling-
ton, N. C.

E. R. Mixon & Co., Washing-
ton, N. C.

Monger-Hatch Co., Sanford,
N. C.

M. S. Jeffreys, Greensboro

Madison Grocery Co., Madi-
son.
W. A. Mansfield, Edenton

S. S. Marks, Dunn

L. J. Mason, Wilmington

L. C. McCuUen, Mount Olive

M. B. McGowan, Williamston.

L. B. McAdams & Son, Bur-
lington.
Meador Supply Co., Madison.

E. S. Mewborn, LaGrange

W. F. Midkiflf, Mount Airy...

F. X. Miller & Sons, Kinston.
W. M. Swanner, Washington..

Nisbet & Womble, Sanford...

C. D. Moore, Graham.

L. J. Moore, Weldon

Moser Grocery Co., Winston-
Salem.

The Bulletin.

113

AND SUBSTITUTES FOR YINEGAR— Continued.

12810
12809

12808

12805

12825

14022

14063

13308
14026

13046
13039

12852

13339

14069

12652
13401

14032
13398

12868

14023
14015
12999

12875

13372

13399
12819
14076

12828
12848

13306

13376

13335
14073

4.08
5.40
5.12

5.22
5.78

4^

a

a
O

a>
Ph

1

m
<

0.38
0.50
0.53

0.42

y.

0.41

5.181 0.54

5.05J 0.46

4.55] 1.92

4.50 3.29

4.32 1.76

4.34' 1.81

I

1

5.00 0.32

5.00; 0.38

!

3.90: 1.45

4.38 1.46

4.15 0.33

6.50 1.97

2.15 0.40

5.52

4.02
4.82
6.66

5.16

4.40

4.10
4.48
3.30
4.72
4.32

4.65

5.00

4.80
3.80

0.40

0.28

2.33
1.80
1.10

0.59

1.97

1.91

2.00
2.67
2.00
0.19

0.29

0.53

1.86
4.56

02 g
o <u o

1 CJ
O <B

COPh

Remarks and Conclusions.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as grape
vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar; was sold as grape vinegar
by retail dealer; misrepresented; sale illegal,
do.

Vinegar.
do.

do.
do.

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;
sale illegal,
do.

0.70

1.21

Vinegar, to which water had been added; below standard; adul-
terated; sale illegal.

Vinegar, solids low. Indication of added water and spirit vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

Vinegar.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

Vinegar,
do.

Compound vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

Vinegar.

do.

do.

Vinegar, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.
Vinegar.
Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar,
do.

114

The Bulletin,

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR

^ 5

si S

Material and

Brand from

Label.

13017
14114
14013
12824

12827

12843
13042

13396

12837

12818
12811
14082
13353
13040
12881
12874

14065

13387
13343

13298

13360

13358
13348
13346

12884

13043

12823
12815

13003

13390

Vinegar, Pure Apple

Cider, Capitol.
Vinegar, Pure Apple

Cider, White

House.
Vinegar, Pure Apple

Cider.

Vinegar, PureCider,
White House.

Vinegar, PureCider,
Log Cabin.

Sold by
Dealer as-

Vinegar, Best

Apple.
Vinegar, Pure

Apple Cider.
Vinegar

-do.

-do.

.do_
-do.

Vinegar, Pride.

Vinegar, Distilled
and Apple, Per-
fect Blend.

Vinegar, Distilled
and Apple, King.

Vinegar, Pride

....do.
....do.

..-.do

---do

.---do

Vinegar, Grape.

Vinegar

--..do

-—do

-do-

...do--.

---do-..

Vinegar, Com'

pound.
Vinegar

Vinegar, Gold
Medal, Guaran-
teed Apple Juice.

Vinegar, "Pride"- -

.do.

Manufacturer or W'holesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

S. R. & J. C. Mott, Bouckville, H. T. Duls, Wilmington

N. Y.
National Fruit Products Co.,

Alexandria, Va.
.---do

-do-

-do.

.do-
-do.

N. C. Christopher, Murphy.
E. L. Starkey, Wilmington..

James F. Parrott & Bro.,
Kinston.

Burrell Stroud, Kinston..

Norman-Moir-Dalton Co.,
Winston-Salem, N. C.

Old Homestead Mfg. Co.,
Richmond, Va.

J. H. Pate, Goldsboro

G. W. Patterson, Concord, N.C.

H. C. Armstrong, New Bern..

McDaniel & Payne, Char-
lotte.

Moser Cash Store, Winston-
Salem.

Hancock & Co., Beaufort

P. A. Reavis & Co., Louisburg,
N. C.

Richmond Vinegar Co., Rich-
mond, Va.
--do -

Vinegar, Com-
pound.
Vinegar

Pride.

Vinegar Com-
pound.
Vinegar.

-do-
-do-

Vinegar, Grape,
Compound.

!Vinegar, Grape,

Compound.
Vinegar

-do-
.do.
.do_

.do.

T. W. Pace, LaGrange --.

J. L. Sullivan, Goldsboro

Cook & Harris, Concord

Perry Grocery Co., Durham-.

Pickett Bros., Lexington

J. B. Pierce Co., Ayden

Plymouth Mercantile Co.,

Plymouth.
Putnam Grocery Co., Win-
ston-Salem.
Rolls & Pritchett, Greensboro
A. W. Perry, Louisburg -..

R. I. Wallace, Smithfield

J. E. I^rham, East Durham-

T. H. Alford, East Durham..

R. S. Montague, Oxford

Evans Bros., Henderson

G. H. Eason & Bro., Selma.
C. A. Ross, Charlotte

-do-

Sampson Medicine Co., Win-
ston-Salem, N. C.

W. W. Rouse, Kinston.. -
J. Z. Hinson, Goldsboro.

W. H.Rus-sell, Clinton..

Center Mercantile Co., Win-
ston-Salem.

The Bulletin.

115

AND SUBSTITUTES FOR YIlSiEGAR— Continued.

O O QJ I O

13017
14114
14013

12824

12827

12843
13042

13396

12837

12818
12811
14082
13353
13040
12881
12874

14065

13387
13343

13298

13360

13358
13348
13346

12884

13043

12823
. 12815

13003

13390

4.90
4.05
4.50

4.82

4.24

4.54

4.24

4.40

4.24

4.68
7.00
3.45
5.75
4.12
4.62
4.20

4.00

4.15
4.20

3.70

4.10

4.70
4.05
3.90

3.82

4.00

4.38
3.80

5.06

4.00

2.39
2.27

1.73
1.97

1.50

1.79
1.81

2.92

1.94

2.01
0.42
0.55
1.45
1.76
1.69
2.29

2.85

1.94
1.40

0.56

0.61

1.23
0.30
2.34

0.23

0.36

2.51
0.47

5.08

0.22

O

0.23
0.26

0.42
0.26

0.27

o o

1.06
0.81

(D

1.86
1.13

3.20

Reiiiark.s and Conclusions.

Vinegar,
do.
do.
do.

Vinegar; solids little low for pure vinegar.

Vinegar,
do.

do.

do.

do.

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; sale was illegal.
Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepre.sented ; sale illegal.
Vinegar, grape.
Vinegar.

do.

do.

do.

do.

Compound vinegar, .sold as vinegar by retail dealer; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar; adulterated, misbranded; explanation does not
excuse plain misbranding; sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misbranded;
sale illegal.

Compound vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepre-
sented; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar, misbranded; explanation does not excuse mis-
branding; sale illegal. .

Vinegar.

Spirit vinegar. Explanation does not excuse plain misbranding;

misbranded; sale illegal.
Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar.
Spirit vinegar, misbranded; explanation in small letters does not

excuse misbranding; sale illegal.
Compound vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, .sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;
sale illegal.

116

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as-

13044 Vinegar...

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

13313.

12856

12849 Vinegar, Golden

Rod, Pure Apple
Cider.

Vinegar, Red Deer,
Distilled, Colored

....do

13299

13375

133741 ...do.

13373].. ..do.
13356;

13314
12830
14122

14115

12807
13310

128581,
14051 [

14036

14217
13312

14057

12835

13400

13341

13363
13395

14055

12831

12836

13380

-do |E. A. Saunders & Sons Co.,

Richmond, Va.
.do.

.do.

.do.
.do.

E. S. Shelby Vinegar Co., Rich-
mond, Va.

.do.
.do.

L. L. Surratt, Charlotte.

B. Hurwitz & Bro., Carthage.

N. L. Sawyer & Co., Wash-
ington.
James F. Tayloe, Washington

W. P. Surles, Dunn.

.do.

.do.
.do.

.do.

.do.
.do.

.do.

.do S. C. Sitterson, Kinston, N. C

.do jSladen-Fakes Co., Asheville,

N. C

Vinegar, Apple. Sladen-Fakes Co., Bryson City,

N. C.
Vinegar,
-...do..

.do.
.do.

.do.

-do.
.do.

.do.

Mrs. I. Smithey, North Wilkes-
boro, N. C.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

J. T. Black & Bro., Graham..
Graham Grocery Co., Graham

A. M. Hadley, Graham.
I. A. Burnett, Durham.

Sinclair Bros., Carthage.
P. R. Borden, Kinston..
Frank Foster, Asheville.

A. G. Deweese, Murphy.

Vinegar,

"Spirit."
Vinegar

Vinegar, Old Time
Brand, Pure
Apple.

Vinegar, Pure
Apple Cider,
"Gold Seal."

Vinegar, Pure
Apple, "Golden
Seal."

-...do..

Southern Distilling Co., Nor-
folk, Va.

W. M. Smith, Goldsboro

J. L. Smith & Son, Southern

Pines.

R. L. Smith, Belhaven

Pearson Bros., North Wilkes-

boro.
W. T. Sockwell, Greensboro. .

Snider-Raney Co., Salisbury .
Wallace Bros., Carthage

T. A. Sparrow, Winston-
Salem.
M. R. Springle, Beaufort

Stokes Grocery Co., Walnut

Cove, N. C.
iStokes-Grymes Grocery Co.,

Richmond, Va.

-do.
.do.

-...do.
— -do.

....do.

Vinegar, Grape.

WUl Styers, Winston-Salem,
N. C.

Charles Syer & Co., Norfolk,
Va.

-.-.do -

J. S. Needham, Pilot Moun-
tain.
W. P. Edwards, Franklinton..

J. J. Stone, Durham

Liberty Mercantile Co., Win-
ston-Salem.

Swaim & Johnson, Waugh-
town.

S. T. Harrell & Son, More-
head City.

Suffolk Vinegar Works, Suffolk,
Va.

Hancock & Co., Beaufort...
Hazel & Mims, Reidsville..

The Bulletin.

117

AND SUBSTITUTES FOR YINEGAR—Contiiiued.

o

2^

I4J

13044 4.32
13313 4.25

12856
12849

13299

13375
13374

13373
13356

13314
12830
14122

14115

12807
13310

12858
14051

14036

14217
13312

14057

12835

13400

13341

13363
13395

14055

12831

f

12836

4.54
4.10

3.40

4.00
4.00

1.95
4.10

4.45
4.52
4.05

4.80

4.54
4.00

4.20
4.35

4.44

5.36
4.15

3.80

3.08

3.65

4.50

4.25
2.55

1.67
1.59

2.53

1.69

0.10

0.16
0.52

0.34
0.46

0.25
0.17
2.89

2.75

2.35
0.36

1.95

a
O

0.27
0.29

a}

^1

^ L ">
o S 1 0*0 01

0.57 1.02

Remarks and Conclusions.

Vinegar.

Compound vinegar, misrepresented by retail dealer; sold as vine-
gar; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

do.

Spirit vinegar below standard; sold by retail dealer as vinegar;

misrepresented; sale illegal.
Spirit vinegar, not distilled vinegar; misbranded; sale illegal.
Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Product too low in acidity for vinegar; sale illegal.
Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

0.33

0.32

0.19

3.04
2.59

0.32

0.33

0.21

2.23

0.44
2.71

0.96

1.39

0.38

4.20 0.29

4.18

4.16

13380 5.00

1.58

1.86

0.50

do.

do.

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar,
do.

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar of good quality.
Vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, below standard; sold as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Spirit vinegar, below standard; adulterated; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar, below standard; sold as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar.

0.51

0.30.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

2.20 Cider, partly changed to vinegar; sold as vinegar; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

do.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as grape
vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

118

The Bulletin.

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF VINEGAR

IJ

Material and

Brand from

Label.

Sold by
Dealer as —

Manufacturer or Wholesaler.

Retail Dealer or Party Who
Sent Sample for Analysis.

nnm

Vinegar

....do

Sumerell & McCoy, Kinston,

N. C.

W. W. Tuton, Kington

14064

W. R. Tesh, Winston-Salem _.

14074

....do

W. W. Thomas, Mount Airv-.

13350

do --

The Thomas-Howard Co.,
Durham, N. C.
do

Cannady & Alston, Oxford

13352

Vinegar, Blended

Vinegar, Mono-
gram.
Vinegar

Patterson Bros , Durham

13362

do

A. W. Cain & Co., Durham...

14031
14034

do

Troxler Bros., Greensboro

do..

Tucker & Erwin, Greensboro.

1^869

Vinegar, PureApple

....do

F. Valentine, Agent, Norfolk,

Va.
J. Van Lindley & Co., Pomona,

N. C.
.. .do

A. J. Ward, Edenton

1?fi63

Vinegar, Pear...
do

J. Van Lindley & Co.,

1?,fi64

Pomona.
....do

^?M9.

do ...

do

....do

14030

Vinegar

Variety Store Co., No. 1,

1405?

do

Vaughn-Hemphill Co., North
Wilkesboro.

Leaksville.
Piedmont Feed Co., North

14054

Vinegar, Com-
pound.
Vinegar

do

Wilkesboro.
Vogler & Hege, Waughtown...

1301?

H. L. Vollers, Wilmington.N.C,

Cape Fear Cash Store, Wil-

14056

mington.
0. H. Walker, Winston-Salem

14038

Vinegar, Com-
pound.

Walker Bargain House,

133q?,

Mocksville.
0. H. Walker, Winston-Salem

14046

do . .

Webster & Robinson, Madi-

133S4

do

son.
White Star Co., Winston-

13333

....do

Salem.
E. A. Williams, Battleboro. . :

14050

Vinegar, Apple.

Vinegar

do

J. F. Williams, Rockford, N. C.

R. C. Williams & Co., New
York, N. Y.

The City Grocery Co., Elkin.

12860

Gideon Pendleton, Elizabeth

12845

City.
Willis Grocery Co., New Bern.

12850

do

W. Gray Willis, Washington. .

13315

....do

Wilson Wholesale Co., Wilson,

N. C.
W. J. Woodley, Elizabeth City,

N. C.
Woods Bros. Co., Covesville,

Va.
R. A. Wright, WiImington,N.C.

do

Otis Winborne, Wilson .

12859

....do

J. M. LeRoy, Elizabeth City.

14027

.do

C. H. Pettigrew, Reidsville...

13014

do

W. D. Borneman, Wilming-

13007

do .

ton.
Borden Bros., Wilmington

1 SOS-

Vinegar,
Country.

H. L. Yarbrough, Monroe.N.C.

Latham & Richardson. Mon-

roe.

The Bulletin.

119

AND SUBSTITUTES FOR XINEGAU—Contimied.

o . •

12820

14064

14074
13350

•^■30
3 1 1.

o O o

-s'oO

5.60

4.05

3.95
4.90

13352J 4.35
133621 3.90

14031
14034
12869

12663

12664

4.94
5.38
3.84

4.54

4.28

12662 4.20
1403o! 3.96

14052

14054

13012

14056
14038

13392
14046

13394

13333

14050

12860

12845
12850
13315

12859

14027

13014

13007

13037

4.05

3.90

4.90

4.15
4.00

4.55
4.30

4.55

5.25

3.25

4.74

4.16
4.76
4.00

4.58

3.90

4.00

4.96

1.42

I

0.19

0.35

0.44
1.90

2.97

1.45

1.46
1.20

2.78

6.51

5.09

5.

1.83

0.30

0.33

2.00

1.94
1.26

0.30
1.7

1.92

0.59

5.66

1.48

2.13
2.33
0.68

1.50

1.61

0.38

0.60

1.97

I

0.26

0.27
0.25

cc g

o o

0^ -^

;3 I a)

ZajpL(

0.42
0.28
0.34

0.26

0.37

1.96

Remarks and Conclu.sion.s.

3.70

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Vinegar, spirit, colored; .sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

do.

Compound vinegar, labeled a blend; mi.sbranded; below standard;

sale illegal.
Vinegar.

Compound vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Vinegar slightly below standard in acidity; sale illegal.

Pear vinegar.

do.
do. ■
Vinegar, slightly below standard in acidity.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar.

Vinegar.

do.
Compound vinegar.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.
Vinegar.

do.

Compound spirit and grape vinegar, sold by retail dealer as vine-
gar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Vinegar, below standard in acidity; change to vinegar was not
complete; sale illegal.

Vinegar, solids slightly low.

Vinegar.

do.
Compound vinegar, .sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Vinegar, water added; adulterated; sale illegal.

Vinegar, slightly below standard in acidity.

Spirit vinegar, sold as vinegar; misrepresented; sale illegal.

Spirit vinegar, sokl by retail dealer as vinegar; misrepresented;

sale illegal.
Product made from cider, too low in acidity for vinegar; sale was

illegal.

INDEX.

1 1

eeiT-

PAGE

Beers, Imitation aud Xear-Beei'f 10

Butter and Butter Substitutes 12

Cheese 14

Cider and Imitation Ciders 18

Cinnamon Extract 20

Coffee and Coffee Substitutes 22

Currants, Figs, Dates, and Raisins, Dried 26

Dealers and Manufacturers, Notice to 8

Food Law Extracts, Notes on 5

Ice-Cream and Ice-Cream Substitutes 28

Labeling Food Products 7

Lard and Compound Lard 42

Lemon Extracts and Lemon Extract Substitutes 44

Maple Sirup and Maple Sirup Substitutes 50

Milk and Cream 54

Milk, Condensed 62

Miscellaneous Samples 64

Molasses and Sirups 8, 64

Olive and Other Table and Cooking Oils 80

Orange Extract and Orange Extract Substitutes 80

Peas, Canned r 82

Peppermint Extract 84

Rice 86

Salt Fish -^— — 86

Standards and Regulations, Notes on 5

Sweet Oil and Sweet Oil Substitutes 90

Vanilla Extracts and Vanilla Extract Substitutes 92

Vegetables, Colored with Copper Sulphate 8

Vinegar and Vinegar Substitutes 1 98

Work of Year 9

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR OCTOBER, 1914.

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 57,064,300

Pounds sold for dealers 2,599,858

Pounds resold for warehouse 3,237,723

62,901,881

New York Botanical Garden Library

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3 5185 00259 5989

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