cine H ie Sree EE iit t ata pag i i} ti i ti air i Ht ate. ryrts72 iz St Fizz SH eset BREE ES Eptitad oe 5 225 Seas See si aes £33 ities: Sa533. iti i i tid i a oF Banners if tH is ti nt ty G itt Bint ini nit eH da Hi Fewest a petits ii SOIT esrfestress rae 3: pee sertets perag ies passe ceschestiiat 203 : Tee: rb eis Ya AA A'es le a < q a A < ts = My e 4 ¢, Fos a : 4 ‘Zé 8 < MN be 4¢@ 4 ‘ ¢ 4 q 4 a Perr ee ee We ee 5 meiotic Septem b 1397. WaCibson: |ivie4; igs) cx Wit ) ‘i ‘| ii f ai iy i oh ented Wy VOL, IV. JANUARY, 1905 NO. 1 is i eh iN OF THE einen Calitornia Academy of Ociences COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION THEO. B. COMSTOCK, S. D.; A. Davipson, C. M., M. D.; Wo. H. KNIGHT. CONTENTS: Page Page Congratulations (Editorial)... ca Jl The Bees of Southern California—VII ‘Transactions for December, 1904, 2 by T. D. A, Cockerell.. Os secdo Academy, Directors 2 Brenisrene California by ‘Dr Lorenzo Sections, Biology 2 Gordin Yates.. Astronomy......... 3 Notes and News... Botany, Geology.. 4 Flora of Clifton, Arizona Publications Received, 4 A. Davidson, C. M,, M. D................-- 19 Publications Reviewed OD A Preliminary Synopsis of the South- ern California Cyperaceae—VI, by Dp TB, ZY SIGI2\ Gorecocnecesoonroeecopeonos eoconcenceocao 8 PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY, MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER Yearly Subscription, $1.00 Single Copies, 25 cts. “Entered September 18, 1903, at Los Angeles, Cal,, as second-class matter, under Act of Congress, July 16, 1894.” MAILED FEBRUARY 21, 1905 CONGRATULATIONS? We are pleased to note that our cautionary remarks last month against over-exertion in the cause of the Academy have been heeded by the present members. So far as can be judged by results, no one has run serious risk from overwork in en- listing recruits. The membership list has grown some through the efforts of members of the Board of Directors, but the fact remains that the Southern California Academy of Sciences, with all its valuable work for the community and the advanee- ment of science, is still dependent upon the sacrifices and gen- erosity of a very few devoted workers. Notwithstanding the advantage gained this year by the free use of excellent quarters for our meetings, we lack vital susten- ance to enable us to properly put forth the results of the scientific labors of the best local authorities, which are freely offered. Just now the Committee on Publication has in hand a con- siderable amount of material which it would be disgraceful not to publish under the auspices of the Academy. But the limit of funds available compels us to let it go elsewhere, unless by some means enough money ean be raised to meet the mere cost of printing. 2 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TRANSACTIONS FOR DECEMBER, 1904. I, ACADEMY SESSION, At the regular monthly meeting of the Academy, held Monday eve- ning, December 5, at the State Normal School, President Dozier presided. The Secretary, Mr. B. R. Baumgardt, delivered a lecture on ‘‘The Grand Canon of the Colorado,’’ illustrated by the lantern, with slides from photographs taken largely by himself and Mrs, Baumgardt, and colored by the latter. Disclaiming any attempt to fully discuss the geologic and dynamic causes of the canon topography, the lecturer introduced a graphic ex- planation of the marvelous erosive and transportative power of moving water. The picture illustrations, with his lucid and eloquent descrip- tions, brought clearly to view the extent and character of the work ‘done by the Colorado in rock-sculpture and denudation under the peculiar conditions prevailing in its track. This collection of slides is par- ticularly interesting from its comprehensive character and its delineation of both the details of structure and their massing in broad prospective. More than usual in similar exhibitions, the very difficult feat of pre- senting the idea of distance and real proportion was accomplished. Vivia portrayal of the facts by word-pictures left a memorable impress of reality, due to the intimate contact of the speaker with his subject in the field. EDITOR. II. DIRECTORS’ MEETING. The Board of Directors met in the State Normal School Building, January 3, 1905. Meeting was called to order by President Dozier. In the absence of the regular Secretary, C. A. Whiting was appointed Sec- retary pro tem. Present: The President, Dr. Comstock, Mr. Taber, Mr. Parsons and C, A. Whiting. On motion, Dr. Julius Koebig was elected a member of the Academy. The janitor’s bill for three dollars, for the month of December, 1904, was presented and allowed. On mo- tion, the chair appointed a committee consisting of Dr. Comstock, Mr. Knight and Mr. Baumgardt to recommend members of the Academy to the Board of Directors for election to Fellowships. C. A. WHITING, Secretary Pro Tem. III. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 1. Section of Biology. Regular monthly meeting, held at the State Normal School, Monday evening, December 12. The minutes of previous meeting were read and approved. A pamphlet on ‘‘The Study of Certain Hybrid Fishes’’ was shown by the chairman, Professor A. B. Ulrey, who made a few remarks upon its contents. Mr. G. Major Taber presented some newspaper clip- pings on the ‘‘ Effects of Light on Pain’’, and on the ‘*Color of Body Rays’’. A guarded discussion followed. Professor Joseph Grinnell, of Throop Institute, delivered the lecture of the evening, on ‘Mammalian Eeology.’’ Questions were freely asked and answered and discussion was free throughout. Skins and skulls of various mammals were used to illustrate the various changes in animals of like species under varying conditions. Dr. Leonard was announced as the lecturer at the succeeding (Jan- uary) meeting on the subject of ‘‘City Bacteriological Work.’’ Owing to the absence of the Secretary, these minutes were. taken by Mr. F. C. Clark. C. A. WHITING, Secretary. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 3 2. Section of Astronomy. December 19th, Section met at usual hour, Chairman Knight pre- siding. The meeting was opened with instructive remarks by the Chairman relative to the increase in the number of double stars that have been discovered, giving credit to many and notable discoveries at the Lick Observatory; justifying very amply the generous appropriations made for the maintenance of that noble institution. Mr, Knight then gave a resume of the knowledge now systematized relative to Phoebe, the ninth satellite of Saturn; claiming for it a diameter of about a thousand miles, a radius of revolution of about two million miles, and a period of perhaps three weeks. It is claimed by some that this planet moves about its principal in a direction reverse to that of the other satellites, but this theory is not fully accepted by the astronomical world. The question gave rise to a spirited discussion. The Chairman then introduced the speaker of the evening, Mr. B. R. Baumgardt, who entertained the section first by reference to some of the interesting facts relative to Encke’s comet. The period of the comet is 31-3 years, its orbit being an ellipse; and its present. situation is in the vicinity of Mercury. Mr. Baumgardt claims that there is no good authority for the theory that any comet of the solar system goes beyond the orbit of Jupiter. He stated that any comet which moves at a greater rate than twenty-six miles per second never returns, and must . move in a hyperbolic or parabolic course; that all apparently par- abolie or hyperbolic comets may be but such as move in ellipses of ex- treme eccentricity, the remote focus being almost at an infinite distance from the sun; all.such comets may yet return to our solar system. Mr. Baumgardt then proceeded to read a paper delivered at Cam- bridge by Professor Poynting, on solar radiation. The article consisted chiefly in the discussion of the significance of the fact that a black surface radiates more heat ‘than any other. The author analyzed the heating power of the sun, claiming for it the function of a full radiator. Professor Turner, of the Oxford Observatory, claims that the high- est heating power of the sun at its surface cannot exceed eight 'thousand degrees. Professor Poynting treated at length the effect of radiant energy as opposed in its effects to the gravitation of the sun, claiming . _ that were the planets small enough the repelling power of the sun’s radiant energy would counter-balance the attraction of gravity, or even overcome it. The paper was full of striking statements and closely logical argument, largely opposed to some formerly generally accepted theories. Mr. Knight read a brief extract from Professor Woodward suggest- ing the probability that light, heat, electricity, and magnetism would all be proved to be but forms of matter rather than modes of motion, Remarks were also made touching the extreme importance of the solar observatory ibeing constructed on Mt. Wilson. The eyes of the astronomical world are fixed with intense interest upon the possibilities to be expected from the operation of this newest enterprise for astronom- ical investigation. Attention of the Section was called to the interesting occultation of Aldebaran by the moon on the evening of the 20th of December. After some further discussion, the meeting adjourned. MELVILLE DOZIER, Secretary. 4 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 3. Section of Botany. Meeting held Thursday evening, December 20, at office of Dr. A. Davidson, who presided. The Chairman read a paper on the ‘‘ California Palm,’’ with notes and correspondence relative to the probable age of the palms on San Fernando street, Los Angeles. COLTON RUSSELL, Secretary. 4. Section of Geology. [The date of meeting (Dec. 24) falling on Christmas Eve., no session of this Section was held in this month. ] PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, 1904. Bureau of Chemistry. Cireular No. 20. Report of Committee on Recommendations of Referees. Bull. No. 88. The Chemical Composition of Apples and Cider. By Wm. B. Atwood, R. J. Davidson and W. A. Moncure. Bureau of Animal Industry. Circular No. 56. Facts Concerning the History, Commerce and Manufacture of Butter. By Henry Haywood, M.S. Bull. No. 62. The Relation of Bacteria to the Flavors of Cheddar Cheese. By Lore A. Rogers. Bureau of Soils. Bull. No. 24. The Centrifugal Method of Mechan- ical Soil Analysis. By Lyman J. Briggs, F. O. Martin and J. R. Pearse. Thirty-first Annual Report of the Fruit Growers’ Association of Ontario. Tenth Annual Report of the Fruit Experiment Stations of Ontario. Muhlenbergia, Vol. I, No. 5. Suggestions to Importers of Food Products. U.S. Dept. Agriculture. Chemistry Bull. No. 18. ‘ Lu Z S = lI zi ut a ra 2 = "ms Rie ct f ‘\ We War cao ener CUel aee ted Pa 4 Mae tas mf } f } Or: nee t ‘ x i r eps rte Aes mat ‘ ‘ SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 27 were afterward subjected to the action of fire, which changed the color and rendered them very hard and durable. They were valued at from five to twenty-five dollars each. During the writer’s travels through the region where these beads were made and used, special effort was made at various times to discover the locality of this rock, but the Indians steadfastly refused the desired information, or feigned igno- rance as an excuse. One bead and a fragment found in a grave were all that could be obtained, except a few specimens of the material in the rough, which occurred as “‘float rock’’. Notable exceptions to the general use of soft rocks for the manufacture of stone beads for money and ornaments, are the occasional discoveries of specimens similar to those repre- sented by Figs. 55, 56, 58, and 59 (Plate 6.) The original of Fig. 55 looks like purple fluor spar, but is much harder; Fig. 56, of agate, with a blue tinge, approaches an amethystine color; Figs. 58 and 59 are of the same character of rock, in- termediate in color between Figs. 55 and 56. These appear to have been drilled from both ends by a tapering drill. Such beads must have been highly valued in consequence of the amount of labor involved in the working of such hard stone. Fig. 57 shows a perforated disk of serpentine with a deep groove worked around the entire circumference; such a groove would be available to hold a string for the suspension of other objects. Fig. 60 is another fine specimen made of a hard, steatite rock, perfectly cylindrical in shape, the hole being uniform in size through its entire length, and has three small holes drilled through from side to side, across the large opening. It is probable that implements of sandstone similar in form to Fig. 66, which have been found in graves, were used for smoothing the large holes made by drills. Fig. 67 is probably one of the same character as Figs. 60 and 61, unfinished, showing that the hole was made through the bead previous to the working of the surface into shape. Fig. 65 seems to have been intended for a longitudinally drilled bead, but the artificer probably changed his mind and drilled it transversely, making a peculiar groove from one hole to the other on one side. (To be continued.) 28 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES The Bees of Southern California. VIII.* BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, Synhalonia fowleri; n. sp. (belfragei, subsp ?) Female, length 11 to 12 mm., allied to S. belfragei (Cresson), but differing thus; rather smaller, head broader in proportion to its length, pygidial plate narrower, clypeus with a more or less distinct raised line down the middle. This may be nothing but a geographical race of 8. belfragei (which is known trom Texas and Illinois), but it has rather a distinct aspect. I suppose that the insect collected by Knuth at Berkeley, Cal., and recorded by Alfken as belfragei, was fowleri. S. califor- nica, Fowler (not of Cresson) is evidently S. fowleri; it is too small to be 8. edwardsii. ! Six from Los Angeles, one from Lancaster, Cal., collected by Dr. Davidson. Xenoglossa davidsoni, n. sp. Female, like that of X. angelica, CkIl., but differing thus; tegule very dark brown (ferruginous in angelica), small joints of tarsi black, abdomen black (apical half of segments 2 to 4 red in angelica), the apical halves of segments 3 and 4 with a silvery pruinosity (well-marked only on 4), the bases of those segments with very fine yellowish tomentum, the fifth and apical segments with shining golden-reddish hair, the sec- ond segment with no conspicuous hair, the ventral bands of suberect hair (all orange in angelica) very pale yellowish ex- cept the subapical one, which is orange, the pygidial plate less pointed, much broader at end. One from Los Angeles, (Dr. Davidson). First recognized as new by Mr. Cresson, but he writes me that he does not care to describe it. It may possibly be an extreme variety of X. angelica, but it seems sufficiently distinct. The females of XX. davidsoni and angelica both have the mandibles entire at apex, not bidentate as Robertson describes for Peponapis pruinosa. Melissodes agilis. Cresson. The males sent by Dr. Davidson show a good deal of varia- tion, and may represent two or three distinet races, possibly species. At present, however, I do not feel able to separate them specifically from the agilis of the Rocky Mountain region. The following table indicates the variations: *Continued from Page 13, Vol. IV, No. 1, January, 1905. ‘ SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 29 Third antennal joint longer than broad; mandibles with a large yellow spot; basal nervure falling a considera- ble distance short of transverso-medial............ Bel el eins echaiitd mpegpaty on spana delay 4 Var. 1. . (Bear ‘ Valley.) Third antennal FOLAtwocodde; tha Lome. Ses yee 2. il 1. Mandibles with a large yellow spot; basal nervure fall- ing only a eal short of transverso-medial........ 5h CRO 3S OS 2 A Var. 2. (Catalina I.) Mandibles with a minute VellOWy, ‘SPO ca. ose: 2: Peewlaeeliim red’aboves........-.). Var. 3. (Los Angeles.) Flagellum black (or almost) above..Var. 4. (Rock Cr eek. ) Synhalonia hirsutior, n. sp. Male, length 12 mm.; black, with abundant pubescence all over the head and body, on the mesothorax so dense as to conceal the surface, but leaving the surface of the abdomen easily visible. Facial quadrangle broader than long; face, labrum and mandibles entirely black, but the clypeus appear- ing pale from the dense covering of long sordid white hair; hair of rest of head very pale ochreous, whiter and long on cheeks beneath; antenne entirely black, very long, a littie over 10 mm., flagellum crenulated beyond the middle, and its basal joints obscurely longitudinally ridged; fourth antennal joint more than three times as long as third; hair of thorax pale ochreous, orange-rufous dorsally; tegule reddish; wings almost clear, nervures very dark brown, second submarginal cell considerably broader than high; legs black, with whitish hair; abdomen black, with pale ochreous hair all. over, but longest on the first two segments. Hab. Banning, California. (Dr. A. Davidson). Easily known by the black face and labrum, hairy body, and very long black antenne. Melissodes menuacha, Cresson, var. semilupina, n. var. Male. Length 11 to 12 mm.,; similar to male menuacha, and with yellow spots on mandibles, but with the labrum not black at sides, and the red of the antenne darker. In Fowler’s table it runs to M. lupina, Cresson, and it has the color-characters observed by Mr. Viereck to separate lupina from typical M. agilis, but it is quite too large for lupina or agilis. It is, in fact, the Southern California representative of menuacha, dis- tinguished from the agilis forms by its larger size. A second specimen, also referred here, is a lttle smaller than the one just described, and has the fourth antennal joint shorter. Hab. Los Angeles, California, (Dr. A. Davidson). 30 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Melissodes actuosa, Cresson, (or n. sp?) Male. Length about 914 mm.; elypeus yellow, with the sides broadly black; labrum black with a large round yellow spot; mandibles black ; antenne very long, and entirely black; meso- thorax and scutellum dull black, not punctured; pubescence long but scanty, sordid whitish; tegule dark rufous; nervures dark, second submarginal cell broader than high, third ab- ruptly truncate, and narrowed at least half to marginal; ab- domen without bands, hind margins of segments narrowly ’ rufescent; short lateral spines on sixth segment, none on fifth; hind tibiee with conspicuous raised points. Hab. Lancaster, California, one male with the pubescence largely worn off, collected by Dr. Davidson. M. actuosa has hitherto been described only in the female, and the reference of the present male to it must be regarded as provisional. If this is not the male of actuosa, it is a new species. Melecta californica, Cresson. Bear Valley, three specimens, collected by Dr. Davidson. Zacosmia maculata, (Cresson). Strawberry Valley, one collected by Dr. Davidson. Halictus farinosus, Smith. Larger than the next species, with reddish tegule. Los ane (Davidson). Halictus titusi, Crawford. Tegule dark. Los Angeles, (Davidson). This species is allied to H. pacificus, Ckll., but the plications of the base of the metathorax are much finer. I have a specimen from Mr. Crawford. Diadasia rinconis opuntiz, Ckll. Los Angeles, (Davidson). Anthophora curta, Provancher. Los Angeles, (Davidson). Anthophora maculifrons, Cresson. Bear Valley, (Davidson). The females of this and the last, both small species, may be distinguished thus: Vertex and occiput with pale ochreous (not black) hair; facellum, redabemeathewern (66 aa ee maculifrons Vertex and occiput with black hair; flagellum dark; basal half of second abdominal segment nude.......... curta Anthophora gohrmane, Ckll. Los Angeles, two (Davidson). Abdomen faintly metallic, without. conspicuous hair-bands. Previously known only from New Mexico and Colorado. : SOUTHERN CALTFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 31 Anthophora urbana, Cresson. Redondo, (Davidson). Also at Los Angeles. Anthophora urbana, Cresson. Los Angeles, (Davidson). The male is known from that of edwardsii and angustior by having only black hair on the seec- ond dorsal abdominal segment, and also from edwardsii by the deep lateral notching of the yellow of the clypeus. Synhalonia angustior, (Ckll.) Los Angeles, (Davidson). Described as a variety of ed- wardsii, but apparently a valid species. One specimen: from Los Angeles has pale hair-bands on segments 4 and 5 of ab- domen; it may represent a distinct species, but I think not. Melissodes lupina, Cresson. This Californian species has remained unknown to me, but from a study of Cresson’s description, I came to the conclusion that it was doubtfully distinct from M. agilis. Mr. Viereck, at my request, has kindly compared the types of the two species, and reports as follows: “*T can see no tangible specific difference between melissodes agilis and lupina other than color. The former has the nervures and the mar- gins of the abdominal segments pale, the nervures amber-testaceous to brownish-testaceous, the borders of the abdominal segments whitish testaceous; in the latter these parts are dark, brown or brownish.’’ Colletes californica, provancher. Male. Length about 8 mm., black, with long pale yellowish- grey hair on face and thorax, and black hair on upper part of head, cheeks, pleura, abdomen and legs, except anterior femora, which have very long pale hair beneath; head broad above, rapidly narrowing below; mandibles grooved, bidentate, slight- ty reddish apically; labrum prominent, shining, with four slight apical depressions, producing a crenulate appearance in some Lights, but mvisible im others; antenne black, the flagellum faintly brownish beneath; mesothorax closely punctured, with a shining median area; dorsal area of metathorax very narrow (antero-posteriorly), divided by little ridges into more or less square areas; tegule dark, wings faintly dusky, with the stigma and nervures very dark; second recurrent nervure with a mod- erate double curve; second submarginal. cell very broad, es- pecially below, with the first recurrent nervure entering about the end of its first third; basal nervure falling some distance 32 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES short of transverse-medial; middle and hind femora, and their tarsi, more or less dark reddish. Malar space very short, more than twice as broad as long. Hab.—Los Angeles, California. (Dr. Davidson). C. nigrifrons, Titus, has darker wings, with the first recur- rent nervure entering the second submarginal cell much nearer the middle, as well as other differences. OC. pascoensis, Ckli., is jarger, and has light as well as dark hair on the abdomen. ‘This certainly appears to be the species very briefly described by Provancher. The species which I collected at La Jolla, and which was deseribed in detail by Mr. Viereck as californica, appears to require a new name, as follows: Colletes gandialis, n. sp. Colletes californica, Viereck (not Prov.), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei hula 19025 p) 30: Hab.—LaJolla, Cal. (Cockerell.) Colletes angelicus, n. sp. Male. Los Angeles, California, (Dr. A. Davidson). In table of New Mexico species (Bull. Denison Lab.) runs to CG. texana, Cresson, but differs greatly by the ochreous pubes- eence, well-punctured first abdominal segment, ete. In Robert- sen’s Illinois table it runs to the nieghborhood of C. compactus and inequalis. From C. inequalis it is readily known by its smaller size and broader hair-bands of abdomen; from C. com- pactus by the ochreous pubescence, and much shorter malar space. In Swenk’s table of northwestern species it runs out because of the dark thoracic hairs. In Morice’s table of Euro- pean species it runs nearest to C. fodiens, Kirby, though the tarsi are normal and the sixth ventral plate is not carinated. (The carina in fodiens is not very strong.) The first abdominal segment is not nearly so strongly and coarsely punctured as in male fodiens. Compared with C. ciliata, Patton, the abdominal bands are much broader, and not so white. Its characters in further de- tail, are as follows: Length just over 10 mm.; black, even to the tarsi, the claws, and the apical part of claw joints, ferruginous; pubescence abundant, light ochraceous dorsally, white or nearly so ven- trally, mesothorax and scutellum with some black or dark brown hairs mixed with the others, and not conspicuous; hair of face dense, decidedly yellowish; dorsal abdominal hair-bands dense and very broad (as broad as in the female of C. hyleifor- mis, Eversm., but otherwise quite different, consisting of shaggy SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 33 hair) ; dises of intermediate dorsal segments with inconspicuous but long hairs; ventral segments with white marginal fringes; antenne stout, black, the flagellum dark brownish beneath; joints much longer than wide, fourth considerably longer than third; malar space broader than long, but not greatly so; labrum shining, with a swelling on each’ side of the middle; mesothorax closely and strongly punctured, with shining spaces in the middle anteriorly and posteriorly; prothorax laterally pointed, but not spied; metathorax truncate, the base with a series of large pits separated by ridges; legs slender; abdo- men shining but well punctured. (To be continued.) A DERMOID CYST BY C. A. WHITING, SC. D., D. O. A Dermoid eyst, which was removed from a femlae patient 47 years of age, in a hospital in this city, was recently brought to me for examination. Its weight was 142 grams, or about 3d ounees, and its greatest length was 311% e.m. (seven inches), its breadth being 744 e.m. (three inches). The tumor was lo- eated in the pelvis and involved both the fallopian tube and the ovary, on the right side. The latter was enlarged to twenty times its normal size. This enlargement was partially due to eysts, enclosing a serous fluid, and in part to the formation of new tissue. The new tissue was connective tissue composed of embryonal cells intermingled with numerous cells of striated muscular tissue. The tumor consisted of two well defined parts. The smaller part, which was about 11 e.m. (4% inehes) long, 314 em. (1% inches) wide, and 114 e.m. (34 of an inch) thick, was composed of epithelium and connective tissue cells en- closing fatty globules, and detritus resembling disintegrating bone. This mass was made coherent by a quantity of long, heht colored hair which permeated every part of it. Some ot the hairs were more than two and a half feet in length. They appeared to rise in most eases from hair follicles, which presented no essential variation in structure from the normal type. Among these a few well developed sebaceous glands were found. The larger part of the tumor was nearly globular in form, about 6 em. (24% inches) in diameter and consisted of bone and eartilage as well as fibrous connective tissue, and epithelial tissue, enclosing fatty detritus. In this portion well developed 34. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES teeth were found in the epithelial and osseous tissues. Both incisors and premolars were represented in the dentation, and as is very unusual in Dermoid tumors, at least one of the in- cisors belonged to the milk dentation. This was indicated not only by the size and shape of the tooth, but also by the facet that the root had been almost wholly abserbed. Giant cells were found in abundance around the root of this tooth. All of the teeth were held in place by alveolar processes more cr less perfectly developed. Aside from the tissues named, all of which belonged to the outer and middle germinal layer, there was one piece which somewhat resembled a portion of an intestine in gross structure, though the minute structure did not bear out this interpretation. The origin of Dermoid tumors has not yet been satisfactorily explained. So far as this particular one is concerned, it is quite possible that it was a twin of the patient which for sume reason suffered an early arrest of development, and which sub- sequently became enclosed in the body cavity of the patient (or twin sister). Here it remained in a quiescent condition fcr years until it was stimulated into a sudden growth by some change which affected the metabolism of the patient. SHALL WE PERMIT THIS? There is in preparation by the recognized authority in this region, a monograph of local importance, which not to publish under the auspices of this Academy will be positively disgrace- ful. By the exercise of a little effort and some show of gen- erosity, the paltry sum necessary for this purpose can be read- Uy obtained. The author, the editor and others are giving treely of costly time and labor. Must we let this opportunity pass for lack of interest among our membership? As before remarked, there is an abundance of valuable scientific work being done at our very doors and the Southern California Academy of Sciences is compelled to let it go elsewhere for jack of means to publish it. It is shameful to let this continue. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 35 Flora of Clifton, Arizona. IIl.* BY A. DAVIDSON, C. M., M. D. ZYGOPHYLLACEA. Tribulus grandifiorus B. & H. Widely distributed. Sept. Tribulus maximus [L. Very common. Sept. Tribulus terrestris L. Lordsburg. Peganum mexicanum Gray. Local at Clifton. Larrea mexicana Morice. Common at 4,000 ft. alt. GERANIACE. Geranium cespitosum James Metcalf. Sept. Erodium texanum Gray. Clifton. April. Oxalis violacee IL. Metcalf. Sept. RUTACEA. Thamnosma texana Torr. Longfellow. April. Ptelea baldwinii T. & G. Stream banks above 4,000 ft. alt. ANACARDIACEZ. Rhus copallina L. Metcalf. Not found in fruit. Rhus glabra L. Metcalf. May. Rhus canadensis trilobata Gray. Freely distributed and va- riable. Rhus microphylla Engelm. Ward’s Canyon. May. RHAMNACE. Ceanothus fendleri venosus ‘Trealease. Above Metcalf. Sept. Ceanothus greggi Gray. Metealf. Sept. Sageretia wrightii Wtas. Blue River. Sept. Rhamnus californica betulefolia Trealease. Blue River. SAPINDACEA. Sapindus drummondi H. & A. Higher ravines. Acer grandidentatum Nutt. Metcalf. Acer negundo L. Blue River. POLYGALACEZ. Monnina wrightii Gray. Rocky hillsides. May. VITACEZ. Vitis arizonica Engelm. Frequent above 4,000 ft. alt. *Continued from Page 18, Vol. TV, No. 1, January, 1905. 36 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LEGUMINOSAL. Amorpha californica Nutt. Moist ravines. Lotus brachycarpus Benth. On dry ridges. April. Lotus strigosus Nutt. Dry banks. Lupinus concinnus Agardh. Common. April. Hofimanseggia stricta Benth. Common on Lordsburg plains. Vicia exigua Nutt. Frequent. Lathyrus polymorphus Nutt. Dunean. Robinia neo-mexicana Gray. Higher ravines. Dalea brachystachys Gray. Metcalf and Blue River. Dalea racemosa Torr. Common on dry banks of Frisco River. Dalea brachystachya Gray. Rare at Coronado mine. Aug. Dalea lasiostachya Benth. Metcalf. Sept. Dalea albiflora Gray. Blue River. Sept. Pentalastemon candidus Torr. Dunean. Oct. Rhyncosia texana T. & G. Shady banks, Metealf. Sept. Galactia wrightii Gray. Wood road, Metcalf. Sept. Calliandra humilis Benth. Dry hills. May. Acacia cuspidata Schlecht. General above 4,000 ft. alt. Acacia greggi Benth. Not common around Clifton. Acacia constricta Benth. Common and general. Prosopis julifiora D.C. Abundant. Mimosa buncifera Benth. Blue river. Sept. Cassia armata Wats. Common and general. Cassia bauhinioides arizonica Robinson. Johnson’s Ranch. Sept. Cassia leptadenia Greenmna. n. sp. Guthrie. Johnson’s ranch on the Blue river is the type loeality. It is found in seattered patches on the dry hillsides there and at Guthrie. Sept. Desmanthus jamesii T. & G. Blue river. Sept. Desmodium spirale D.C. Blue river. Sept. . Desmodium spirale exiguum Rob. & Greenm. Metcalf, on rocky talus. Sept. ; Desmodium neo-mexicana Gray. With the last. Desmodium batocaulon Gray. Wood road, Metealf. Phaseolus angustissimus Gray. Dry banks, Coronado. Sept. Phaseolus acutifolius tenuifolius Gray. Common on Chase Creek. Oct. Astragalus purshii Dougl. Common. April. Astragalus cobrensis Gray. Metcalf, Coronado. May. Astragalus nuttallianus tenuifolius Gray. Hills and washes. April. MAY 9 - 1905 VOL. IV. MARCH, 1905 NO. 3 BULLETIN OF THE Southern Catitornia Academy of Sciences COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION THEO. B. COMSTOCK, S. D.; A. DAVIpDsoN, C. M., M. D.; Wo. H. KNIGHT. CONTENTS: Page Page Now or Never (Editorial).................000 37 List of Butterflies Found Within the Transactions for February, 1906........... 38 Area of Southern California. By Academy, Sections Biology, Astro- Professor J. J. Rivers..........ssccceeseeees 42 TLGHIL prerracvaccstaccdscescccrsnacacsntesccccesccers 38 A Preliminary Synopsis of the South- Geology, Botany..........s.0...sessssescsceeees 40 ern California Cyperaceae, VII. Publications Received ............csssescseeeeees 41 By) Ss Bebe @tiS Hes-ccscssccccsse-cecscoscreseers 51 Publications Reviewed ....ccccs.ssccceceeceeees 41 PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY, MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER Yearly Subscription, $1.00 Single Copies, 25 cts, “ Entered September 18, 1903, at Los Angeles, Cal,, as second-class matter, under Act of Congress. July 16, 1894.” MAILED MAY 1, 1905 . NOW OR NEVER! Gradually the Academy is gaining in membership and in power for good in this region; not by any means as much as it ought nor as aggressively as is proper, but a strenuous ob- server can detect faint signs of movement in the right direction. If we were only doing our best and aiming for the highest accomplishment we might rest content. But there is need of more zeal and more attention to enlistmg young blood into the organization. Our field is being exploited too much by foreign money and energy; we appreciate too little the value and scientific importance of what les at our own doors. Some of our best talent has been tempted away by more generous treatment from outside. We hardly realize, as a community, the honors which come to us in the selection of this region as the observation point of the world’s noted as- tronomers. We have sat complacent while our archeologic treasures have been filehed from under our noses, unobserved by our eyes. The Southwest Society of the Archeological Institute of America is awake and doing something. Let us awake to our duty and our opportunity. 38 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCLENG TRANSACTIONS FOR FEBRUARY, 1905. I. ACADEMY SESSION. Los Angeles, California, Feb. 6, 1905. ~The regular monthly meeting of the Southern California Academy of Sciences was held this evening in the State Normal School. President Dozier occupied the chair. A lecture of unusual interest was delivered by Prof. J. F. Cham- berlain of the State Normal School, his subject being ‘‘Some of the Social and Commercial Phases of Geography. ?? In this lecture Prof. Chamberlain showed clearly the new departure which has recently been inaugurated in the teaching of gegraphy in our schools. The lecture furnished material for an animated discussion at its close. There being no further business, the meeting soon adjourned. B. R. BAUMGARDT, Secretary. II, MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. — Bo 1. Section of Biology. The meeting, held February 13, 1905, was called to order by the Chairman of the Section. Voluntary reports were offered by Profs. Ulrey and Whiting on some peculiarities of cell structure. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. —— ---—-— The lecture of the evening was delivered by Dr. Edith Claypole on “¢Some Aspects of Cellular Chemistry.’’ The lecture was a clear explana- tion of many of the most important features relating to the metabolism of the cell. -It- was-of such a character that a synopsis which could be given in this place would be wholly unsatisfactory. The next lecture before: this section: will be’ given by*Dr. William Bebb on ‘‘The Teeth of Man and Related Animals.’’ C. A. WHITING, Secretary. 2. Section of Astronomy. On February 20, the Astronomical Section of the Academy met at the usual place and hour, Chairman Knight presiding. After some general announcements of meetings, the Chairman intro- duced the speaker of the evening, Dr. Theodore B. Comstock, who pro- ceeded to review from the standpoint of a geologist an article in ‘‘Nature’’ relative to the investigations of the moon by Prof. W. H. Pickering. The address, which manifested much careful thought and no little research, presented the various theories of the earth’s formation, and applied the same theories to the moon, with a view of establishing a com- parison between the genetic conditions of earth and moon. The moon is the largest of the satellites, in comparison with its prin- cipal, being about one-eighty-first of the earth’s mass and perhaps one- fiftieth of its volume. The earth is made up of successive layers, the atmosphere, the hydro- sphere, the lithosphere, and the successive layers of matter of varying density beneath the outer lithosphere. This outer sphere is of an average density about. one-fourth that of steel. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 39 The density increases with the depth, and it is estimated that the average density of the interior will equal two and one-half times that of steel. The earth acts like a solid body, and not like one of liquid interior, It is held that the rock forming the central portion has a melting point that varies with the pressure, just as water under different degrees of pressure has a different boiling point. According to this theory, the earth’s core could easily be solid, and the densest portion of its mass. The central rock-matter is complex, not simple. Under the intense heat and pressure that prevails in the interior, all earth material has been fused and squeezed into a conglomerate mass. The land formation on the earth’s surface is due to movements in the outer crust, producing superficial unevenness. Were the earth a perfect sphere, it would be covered with a layer of water about two miles deep. Three theories are given to account for the solidifying of the earth: First. The nebular hypothesis, which teaches that the planets and satellites having been successively thrown off from one great central nebulous mass, condensed from nebulous rings into globes, and solidified gradually by cooling on the surface; the cooling process gradually ap- proaching the center, leaving the earth composed of « hard crust of uncertain depth, enveloping a molten interior. Lord Kelvin has estimated that according to this theory it would have required six hundred million years for the earth’s crust to have solidified to the deptk of twe or three miles: The theory is not generally held by geologists. Second. The solidification from the center outward, caused by the intense pressure, which is greatest at the center, and which greater pres- sure would also be the cause of greater heat at the center. Third. The ‘‘planetesimal’’ theory of Prof. Chamberlain of Chicago University, which holds that nebulous matter revolving about orbital centers collects other similar material, revolving about the same or a neighboring center, and in the course of time a planet or satellite is thus formed by accretion from without. ‘According to the first theory, mountains are formed by a contrac- tion of tne outer crust due te cooling, and vroleanees by the expansive force of the inner heat, breaking through the crust at the weakest points, and giving vent to the molten mass within. This theory, the speaker thinks, does not sufficiently account for the deep-seated forces necessary to fold the basic rock layers of mountain ranges into the crumpled condition so commonly known to. exist. He leans to the general reasonableness of the theory which supposes the solidification to move from the center outward. This would force gases and liquids to the surface, where we find them, and might afford a rational explanation of much of geological his- tory difficult to understand. It also appears to account fairly for. the phenomena now recognized as radium emanations. Actual eraters on the earth are very small compared with the area covered by the mass of material thrown out of the crater. ’ +The reverse seems to be the case on the surface of the moon, where the opening of the craters seems to be more extensive than the rims formed by the eruptions.. go SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES This may be due to the greater distance over which the material in the moon is spread, due to the diminished gravity that resisted its movement when thrown out. It is believed by some that_changes on the surface of the moon are now in progress, though on comparatively small scale. Prof. Pickering holds that there are evidences of hoar frost, form- ing during the long and intensely cold lunar night, and melting or evaporating during the equally long and proportionately hot lunar day. This presupposes water in at least small quantities, and gives a basis for the existence of » low form of vegetable life, evidences of which he thinks exist in the varying tints of certain portions of the moon’s surface during the exposure to sunlight. The discussion of the subject at the close of Dr. Comstock’s re- marks was participated in quite generally and involved a wide range of thought. MELVILLE DOZIER, Secretary. 3. Section of Geology. The Geological Section of the Academy met on Monday evening, February 27, at 8 p. m., at the State Normal School Building. The meeting was called to order by the Chairman, George W. Parsons. Prof. Robert E. Ford, of the Throop Institute, was then introduced, and gave a very interesting lecture on ‘‘How We Get Our Iron and steel. ’”7 He traced the industry back to 1619, in Virginia, where the first iron was manufactured, but afterwards Pennsylvania became the center of the iron industry. He stated that iron ore is found in almost every State, although the bulk of the ores used in this country are now pro- duced in New York, Alabama, Wisconsin and the Lake Superior region. These ores consist of soft and hard hematite, magnetite and car- bonate. ; With lantern slides he showed how the largest steamers are loadee for shipment in two hours by machinery, though commonly unloaded by hand. Questions were asked by the audience. The Secretary exhibited some specimens of hematite crystalization. G. MAJOR TABER, Secretary. 4, Section of Botany. This Section met February 21 at 544 Wilcox Building, Dr. A. Davidson in the Chair. The meeting was devoted to the consideration of the recent addi- tions to the County Flora. Mr. S. B. Parish has reported in the Botanical Gazette the following: Centaurea cyanus L. Race track Los Angeles (Nevin). Psilocarpus tenellus Nutt. Near Glendale (Braunton). Chenopodium leptophyllum Nutt. Lang (Nevin). Sparganium greenei Morong. Near Ballona (Grant). The Chairman reported the finding of Lotus parviflorus Greene in San Gabriel Canyon and Mentzelia congesta at Mt. Wilson. COLTON RUSSELL, Secretary. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 41 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. Parergones del Instituto Geologico de Mexico. Tomo I, No. 6, Estudio de la Hidrologia Interna de los Alrededores de Cadereyta Men- dez, Estado de Queretaro, Por El Ingeniero de Minas Juan De D. Viilar- ello. « Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin No. 112. Potato Experiments in 1904. Four Papers by Chas. D. Woods. Cireular No. 212. February, 1905. The Cottony Grass Scale. By Edith M. Patch. University of California Publications: Astronomy. Lick Observatory Bulletins. No. 68. Third Series of Observations of the Satellites of Saturn. No. 69. Elliptic Elements and Ephemeris of Comet e 1904 (Bordly). No.70 The Variable Radial Velocity of Sirius. No. 71. The Orbit of B 395-Ceti 82. Geology. Bulletins. Vol. 4. No. 3, pp. 39-87, Pls. 6-7. A Geological Section of the Coast Ranges N. of the Bay of San Francisco. By Vance C. Osmont. N.4, pp. 89-100, Pls. 8-11. Areas of the California Neocene. By Vance C. Osmont. No. 5, pp. 101-123, Pls. 12-13. Contribution to the Paleontology of the Martinez Group. By Charles E. Weaver. Carnegie Museum (Pittsburgh) Publications: Annals. Vol. III, No. 2, March, 1905. (Serial. No. 33). Prize Essay Contest, 1904. (Serial No. 34). Parergones del Instituto Geologico de Mexico. Tomo I, Numero 7. Estudio de una Muestra de Grafita de Ejutla, Estado de Oaxaca. Por El. Ing. J. D. Villarello. Analisis de las Cenizos del Volean de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Por El. Ingeniero E. Ordonez. Ontario Bureau of Industries: Crop Bull. No. 87. Ontario Dep’t. of Agriculture. Novy., 1904. Mining Magazine. March, 1904. Coal Number. PUBLICATIONS REVIEWED. Tomo I, No. 6, of Parergones del Instituto Geologico de Mexico contains a paper on Internal Hydrology of the district surrounding the City of Cadereyta Mendez, in the State of Queretaro. Senor Villarello gives a detailed account of tne geology and physical features, with espe- cial reference to the courses, qualities and availability of the underground water currents. His conclusions are not encouraging for the occurrence of extensive supplies of potable water under the area investigated. The Coal Number (March, 1905) of the Mining Magazine keeps up the record heretofore attained by this excellent periodical. 42 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LIST OF BUTTERFLIES FOUND WITHIN THE AREA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. By Professor J. J. Rivers. The arrangement adopted was published by the National Museum, 1902, and compiled by Dr. Dyar, assisted by the foremost Lepidopterists, which will ensure its being a standard for a long period. FAMILY PAPILIONIDZA (Swallowtails.) Papilio Linn. 1. P. daunus Boisd. W. H. Edw. Butt, N. Am. 1874 This species is found sparingly from the coast to the foothills in arborescent localities. The food plants are Prunus and Salix. The eggs are deposited singly. .eurymedon Boisd. W. H. Edw. Butt. N. Am. 1874 Common in the canyons from the coast to the mountains where in the latter localities it is to be found all the year (Fordyee Grinell) Larva on Frangula californica. 3. P. rutulus Boisd. H. Edwards; Proce. Cal. Acad. Sei. 1873 Common all over California appearing fresh durmg March and April near the coast and again fresh in sum- mer, but according to the record of Fordyce Grinnell, the species occur all the year round in the mountain canyons. Eges are laid singly on Prunus and Salix and upon Alnus rhombifolia. 4. P. zolicaon Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852 Frequent at lower elevations; common at the Soldiers’ Home, Santa Moniea, (Albright). Eggs laid singly on Umbelliferous plants, particularly Foeniculum vulgare, Ger. .indra Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. Not common but frequent in the higher mountains dur- ing June. (Grinnell). 6. P. pergamus H,\Edwards. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei. 1874 The author places this close to Indra but having tails as long as asterias Habitat; Santa Barbara, Cal. FAMILY PIERIDA, (The Whites.) Pontia, Fabricius (Pieris, Schranck). 7. P. beckeri W. H. Edw. Butt. N. Am. 1871 Occasionally taken in overgrown fields south of Pasa- dena (Grinnell); at Soldiers’ Home, (Albright) Pasa- dena, (Herr). 8. P. sisymbri Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Fairly common in waste places around Pasadena in early spring (Grinnell). bo rg on a) 10} 108 12. 18. USy 20. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 43 . P. occidentalis Reak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1866 Fairly common at Pasadena. (Grinnell). P. protodice Boisd. & LeConte. Lep. Am. Sep. 1833 This species is quite common in many localities. The first brood of the season (P. vernalis of authors) con- tinues, in some years, till the typical form appears. P. rape Linn. Syst. Nat. 1758 Too common despoiling cabbage, Nasturtium, Mignon- ette and many other garden products. Nathalis Boisd. (The Yellows). Nathalis iole Boisd. Spee. Gen. 1. 1836 Rather common in certain years, locally, from 1,000 to 2,500 ft. Formerly common at the north end of Santa Monica, which ranges about 200 ft. above sea level. Synchloe Hubner. . S. creusa Doubly & Hewit. Gen. Diurn. Lep. 1847. South- ern Cal. (Dyar). S. ausonides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852. Oceurs in March and April in canyons but not very common. . 8S. cethusa Feld. Reise Novara. Lep. 1865 In canyons, but not common. March and April. (Grin- nell). S. sara Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common everywhere. Var. reakirtii Edw. appears iater with the above species; also sulphur colored females. Santa Barbara, Feb. 6 and March 12. Callidryas Bois. & LeConte. . ©. eubule Linn. Sys. Nat. 1766 This beautiful butterfly is common in S. Cal. Very com- mon in Santa Monica, where the larve defoliate the handsome Cassia floribunda of the gardens. It is con- tinuously brooded. Zerene Hubner. Z. eurydice Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1855 Common in the warm canyons in June; Eagle Rock and eanyons of San Gabriel Mts. (Grinnell.) Z. amorphe var. Hy. Edw. Occasional at Pasadena. (Herr). The first brood occurs in Santa Monica canyon as early as the 2nd of March, 1905. Z. cesonia Stoll, Suppl. Cramer. Pap. Exot. 1790 Rare. Taken by F. Grinnell in Arroyo Seco Canyon. Eurymus Swain. OColias Fab. Z. eurytheme Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common all over S. Cal. nearly all the year; together with the seasonal forms of Ariadne Edw. and Keeway- 7A 22. 24. 26. 2s 28. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES din Edw., and like the type common. Also occasionally the albino var. of the female. . harfordii Hy. Edwards. Pac. Coast Lep. 1877 Common at Altadena and in the mountain canyons. (Grinnell. ) Pyrisita Butler, Cist. Ent. 1870. . mexicana Boisd. Spec. Gen. 1836 Occasionally taken near Pasadena. (Herr.) (Franklin.) Eurema Hubner. . nicippe Cramer Pap. Exot. 1782 FAMILY NYMPHALIDA. Agraulis Boisd. & LeConte. . vanille Linn. Syst. Nat. 1758 This beautiful insect abounds in every garden in S. Cali- fornia having a ‘‘ Passion vine.’’ Argynnis Fab. . coronis Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1862 Not common; Santa Monica Mts. (Max Albright.) A. callippe Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common during May in localities where Viola pedunecu- lata grows. Pasadena, and at Elizabeth Lake. (Grin- nell. ) .semiramis Edw. Can. Ent. 1886 Not rare in the region about Newhall; (Shooter.) In the high Mts. (Grinnell.) Lemonias Hubner. Syn. (Melitaea.) . chaleedon Doubl. Hew. Gen. Di. Sep. 1847 Occurs near the entrance of Santa Monica Canyon in the middle of April, but a few miles up the canyon it does not appear till the end of May. ‘‘May and June in the foothill Altadena. (Grinnell.) There are several ornate aberrations in design in the markings of some specimens, which of course constitute a genuine variety. .editha Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Found at Crafton’s near San Bernardino by R. Von. Osten Sacken and determined by Dr. H. Behr. . augusta Edw. Can. Ent. 1890 Foothills-of San Bernardino Mts.; also at Fresno. L. gabbii Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1863 Common in all canyons from the sea to the Mts. in spring and early summer and on the sand hills at Ocean Park. Thessalia Scudder. (Syn. Melitaea.) .leanira Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1869 Common, but local in foothill canyons. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 45 iE, uP. wrightii Edw. Can. Ent. 1886 Common locally around Pasadena. (Grinnell.) Phyciodes Hubner. (Syn. Melitaea.) mylitta. Edw. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861 In Arroyo Seco Canyon, but not common. (Grinnell.) . montana Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei. 1863 In Arroyo Seco Canyon; rare. Polygonia Hubner. (Syn. Grapta.) .satyrus Edw. Trans. Ann. Ent. Soc. 1869 Common throughout S. California. Larva on Urtica. Dimorphie form marsyas, Edw. Trans. Am. Soe. 1870. . californica Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852 In canyons up to 2000 ft. Euvanessa Linn. .antiopa Linn. Syst. Nat. 1758 This handsome butterfly is almost everywhere, whenever the sun smiles. Aglais Dalman. .milberti Godart,Encl. Meth. 1819 Occasionally and rare at 1000 ft. alt. Vanessa Feb. . atlanta Linn. Syst. Nat. 1758 Common to all sections of the U. 8. Caterpillar feeds upon nettles. -hunter Fab. Syst. Ent. 1775 Loeal, but not rare on dry uplands, the caterpillar feed- ing upon Gnaphalium ealifornicum. .cardui Linn. Syst. Nat. 1758 Europe, Asia, U. S. and almost everywhere. The food- plants are thistles, hollyhocks and sunflowers. carye Hub. Samml. Exot. Schmett. 1825 The commonest all day butterfly in all California. The eaterpillar feeds on Malva parviflora Linn. There is an occasional variety both in the male and in the female oceurring too both in North and South California that should the sexes meet the progeny would be a well marked species. This var. was described by Letcher of San Francisco; under the name muelleri. It is rare but uniform in markings, Pasadena, (Herr.) Santa Monica, (Rivers) ; Berkeley, (Rivers) Mountain View, (Rivers). The first example of this abberation was taken by the late Lepidopterist, Van Ammon of San Francisco. JUNONIA Hubner. 44. J.coenia Hub. Samm] Exot, Sehmitt. 1825 This species though not rare is local and would be found 46 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES generally on open plains where plantago lanceoiata rows. Basilarchia Scudder. (Limenitis. ) 45. B. lorquinii Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852 - Common in canyons among willows. Limenitis. Fab. 46. L. Bredowii Hub. Zutr. Exot. Schmett. 1837 Common about Quercus up to 5000 ft. alt., (Grinnell.) It is greatly attracted by the flowers of Aesculus californicus (Buckeye. ) FAMILY AGAPETIDA. Cercyonis Speyer 47. C.sthenele Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common in bushy places in the mountains. (Grinnell). Coenonympha Huber 48. C. californica Oub. & Hewet. Syn Glanactinus, Boisd Common in grassy places during spring and summer. 49. C.ochracea Edw. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1861 Southern Cal. Appears in the spring. FAMILY LIMNADIDA. Anosia Huber. 50. A. plexippus Linn. Syst. Nat. 1758 Common everywhere. 51. A. berenice Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1782 Appears late in summer in the Santa Monica Canyon; Local at Pasadena. (Grinnell.) FAMILY RIODINIDZ. Chrysobia Boisd. 52. C. virgulti Behr, Proe Cal. Acad. Sei. 1865 Common about hillsides, Santa Monica Canyon; in ar- royos and bushy Mts. (Grinnell.) Calephilis Grote & Robinson. 53. C.nemisis Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1871 Common in shrubby places Santa Monica Canyon; Arroyo Seco, Wilson Lake. (Grinnell. ) FAMILY LYCANIDA. Habrodius Seudder. (Thecla) 54. H.grunus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common in Santa Monica Canyon, where Quercus agri- folia grows; but Fordyce Grinnell finds it in the region of Q. chrysolepis is 4500-600 ft. alt. 56. ‘63. Gi 68. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 47 A. Us ee bs lg G. Hypaurotis Scudder (Thecla.) The Hairstreaks. do. H.crysalis Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. 1873 Rare; taken in June at Castaic Ranch, Newhall, feeding on the flowers of Brassica nigra. (Shooter. ) Atlides Cramer. halesus Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1779 Not common and loeal. The flowers of Heteromeles arbu- tifolia attract this butterfly. The food plant of the larva is the oak mistletoe Phoradendron flavescens. ‘‘Rare; Arroyo Seco’’ Grinnell. Uranotis Scudder. (Thecla of authors.) melinus Hub. Zutr. Exot. Schmitt. 1818 Common almost all the year and is found over the U. S. Larva on Leguminous plants. Thecla Fab. (The Hairstreaks. ) . californica Edw. Proce. Acad Nat. Sei. Phila. 1862 Mt. Lowe; Arroyo Seco; Mt. Wilson. (Grinnell. ) .dryope Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1870 Common on manzanita on mountains at 5000 ft. alt. .Sspadix Hy. Edw. Pap. 1. 53. 1881 Not common. Occurs at about 4500 ft. alt. Mt. Lowe; Mt. Wilson; Arroyo Seco Canyon. (Grinnell.) saepium Boisd Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1876. Common Santa Monica Mts., and all through the foothill country. .nelsonii Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Belg. Rare; San Bernardino Mts. adenostomatis Hy. Edw. Proce. Acad. Sci. 1876 Very common in the canyons of the San Gabriel Range. (Grinnell. ) Incisalia Minot. (Thecla of authors.) . iroides Boisd. Am. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common in arroyos and foothills. (Grinnell.) .eryphon Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Santa Monica Mts. Not common. Callophrys Billbere. (Thecla of authors.) . dumetorum Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common among shrubs from the bluffs of the seacoast to the mountains. Tharsalea Scudder. (Thecla of authors.) arota Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852 Canyons 1,500 ft., Santa Monica Range. (M. Albright.) Gaeides Seudder. (Chrysophanus.) xanthoides Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 On helianthus; Eagle rock. (Grinnell.) 74. “1 ON SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES . G. gorgon Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 _E. hs Eye saP: Not common. Arroyo Seco; Mt. Wilson. (Grinnell.» Epidemia Scudder. helloides Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common from the sea to the mountains. Very common, Wilson’s Lake; Arroyo Seco. (Grinnell.) Cupido Schrank. (lLycaena.) .lycea Edw. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1864 Mt. Lowe. (J. E. Brown.) . pheres Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852 In canyons, loeal. .icarioides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852. Syn. pardalis Baird. Behr. daedalus Behr: mintha Edw. Nomiades Scudder. (lycaena) The Blues. antiacis Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852. Syn. poly- | phemus Boisd.: orcus Edw.: var. a. behrii EHadw.: var. b. mertila Edw. Appear in March and April Santa Monica, Canyons of San Gabriel Mts.; also at Santa Barbara. Phaedrotes Scudder. (lLycaena.) . Sagittigera Felder Reise Novara Sep. 1865: Synms. Catalina: lorquinii; rhaea: viaca: duania Not common. -Arroyo Seco, Alhambra. (Fordyce, Grin- nell.) speciosa Hy. Edw. Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1876 Philotes Scudder. (lLyecaena.) sonorensis Felder Reise Novara, Sep. 1865. Syn. regia Boisd. Occurs commonly along mountain streams in March and April. Rusticus Hubner. (lLycaena.) . batoides Behr. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei. 1867 Common in damp places in moist canyons. melissa Edw. Trans. Ent. Am. Ent. Soc. 1873 Common in Arroyo Seco. (Grinnell.) acmon Doub. and Hewiston, Gen. Diurn. Lep. 1852 Common everywhere. .neurona Skinner, Ent. News. 1902 Found only on Barley Flats, altitude 4,000 ft., by Mr. Hart, Pasadena. . chlorina Skinner, Ent. News. 1902 Frequent in Mts. north of Pasadena. (Grinnell.) 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 94. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES — 49 C. A, Cyaniris Dalman. (Lycaena.) ladon Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1782. Syn. Pseudoargiolus Boisd. and LeC. Everywhere common in March and April, particularly the subspecies piasus. Everes Hubner. (lLycaena.) .amyntula Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Not common, but found near willows and streams. . monica Reak. Proc. Nat. Sei. Phila. Rare; between the rocks of the upper Santa Monica Canyon. Hemiargus Hubner. (Lycaena.) isola Reak. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866 Not common; Pasadena. (Grinnell.) hanno Stoll, Pap. Exot. 1790 Rare; Pasadena. (J. E. Brown.) This species has hitherto been reported from the Gulf States. Brephidium Scudder. (lLycaena.) . exilis Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Abundant on low herbage everywhere. (On Chenopodi- aceae. (Grinnell.) Leptotes Scudder. (Lycaena.) .marina Reak. Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1868 Common at Santa Monica and north to Santa Barbara June and July. FAMILY HESPERIIDA. (The Skippers.) Copaeodes Speyer. . procris Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. Not common. Near Pasadena. (Herr.) Anthomaster Scudder. .nemorum Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common Arroyo Seco Canyon and along the coast to Santa Barbara. _sylvanoides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852. Not rare in Santa Monica Canyon. Rare at Pasadena. (Grinnell. ) agricola Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Not common; Pasadena. May and June. (Grinnell.) Hylephila Billberg. H. campestris Boisd. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1852 Mountains to the sea. June to Sept., common. 95. H. phylaeus Drury, Ill, Exot. Ent. 1770. Common all the year. (Grinnell.) 50 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Polites Scudder. 96. P. sabuleti Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common generally; Santa Monica, July. Pasadena, Sept. (Brown.) Prenes Scudder. . P. errans Skinner, Ent. News. 1892 Common on the sand dunes of the sea shore, and in the canyons and gardens at Santa Monica. June to Oct. Phycanessa. Scudder. 98. P.melane. Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1869 First brood Feb. and March and common everywhere May to August. 99. Eudamus species? . ree Arroyo Seco Canyon; rare, May and August. (Grinnell. ) Epargyreus Hubner, 100. E. tityrus§ Fab. Syst. Ent. 1775 Spar ingly 1 in Santa Monica in the upper canyon. July. Pholisora Secudder.. 101. P. catullus Fab..Ent. Syst. 1793 ae i hee Not common, Upper Santa Monica Canyon; April and May. Pasadena. (Grinnell. ) 101. P. libya Scudder, Bull. Geolog. Surv. Terr. 1878 Examples taken in the Mojave Desert June 19, 1904. (Grinnell. ) <=) a) Thanaos. 103. T. callidus Grinnell. Ent. News. 1904 Type from Mt. Wilson;-alt. 5,886. June 6. — 104. T. propertius Lintner; Pap: 1871 Common, Santa Monica, and other localities. June-July. 105. T. tristis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852 Frequent near Pasadena. (Grinnell. ) Hesperia Fab. 106. H. ericetorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852 Common in upper Santa Monica Canyon; rare in ecan- yons near Pasadena. (Grinnell.) 107. H. tessellata Scudder, Syst. Rev. 1872 Common everywhere in Southern California. - First ap- pearing in March. | There are 180 butterflies recorded as native to California; not including polymorphic forms, nor any loeal examples breeding true to type and ealled races or subspecies. Nor is there any consideration taken of real varieties or sports. Out of these 180 species thus recorded the list for Southern California numbers 107, and this list will be increased yearly as the families of the Lycenide and Hesperidea are investigated. * SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 51 A PRELIMINARY SYNOPSIS OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CYPERACEAE. VII.* BynS) Bakarisht §. CAREX Linn. Sp. Pl. 972. Sedge. Perennial herbs, with mostly 3-angled leafy culms. Spikes simple or aggregated, monoecious, dioecious, or androgenous, each subtended by a leafy or seale-like involucral leaf, or bract, or rarely bractless. Flowers solitary in the axils of scales; the staminate of 3 stamens; the pistillate of a single pistil. Perianth wanting. Styles with 2-3 stigmas. Achenes 3-angled lenticular, or plano-convex, completely enclosed in a sac-like bractlet, called the perigynium. A genus of over 1,000 species; of wide distribution, but most abundant in temperate climates. In Southern California they are most largely represented in the higher mountains, often forming the prevailing herbage of meadows. Most of our species are hydrophytic or mesophytic, but a few are xero- phytic. Two subgenera are recognized: Staminate and pistillate flowers in separate, mostly sim- ple and elongated spikes. I. Eucaryx. _ Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same sessile, mostly short and aggregated spikes. II. Vignea. Subgenus I. HUCAREX, Coss, Fl. Paris, 744. Staminate flowers in one or more terminal linear or clavate spikes. Pistillate flowers. in inferior, simple, pedunculate or sessile spikes. Or the spike solitary and staminate at summit or base, or rarely dioecious. Stigmas mostly 3, and achenes tri- gonous or triquetrous; or stigmas 2, and achenes lenticular. One or more of the uppermost pistillate spikes is often staminate at summit, or rarely at base, and one or more of the staminate spikes may be pistillate at base or summit. KEY TO EUCARYX. I. Staminate flowers in one or more terminal spikes; pistil- late flowers in several inferior sessile or pedunculate spikes. Perigynia attenuate to a beak one-third as long as the body, or longer. *Continued from Page 13, this volume, No. 1, January, 1905. 52, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Pistillate spikes drooping. . 2. C. comosa. Pistillate spikes erect. Perigynia glabrous. 1. C. utriculata. Perigynia hirsute. Leaves scabrous. — 3. C. lanuginosa. Leaves hirsute. 4. C. Yosemitana. Perigynia short-beaked, or beakless. Pistillate spikes compactly many-flowered, Gyan Gea Stigmas 3. Pistillate spikes stramineous, 10-15 em. long. 5. C. spissa. Pistillate spikes purplish, or dark brown. Bracts sheathing at base. 6. C. ablata. Bracts auriculate at base. 7. C. quadrifida czca. Stigmas 2. Beaks bidentate. Apex of scales acicular-toothed. 8.C. laciniata. Seales smooth 9. C. Nebraskensis previa. Beaks entire-mouthed. Perigynia ovoid or obovoid. Pistillate spikes 3-5 em. long. Pistillate spikes 2-3, pedunculate. 10. C. senta. Pistillate spike 1, sessile. 11. C. auriculata. Pistillate spikes 6-10 em. long, sessile. . 12. C. Barbare. Perigynia ellipsoidal. Seales lanceolate, obtuse or subacute. 13. C. austromontana. Seales oblong, emarginate or obtuse. 14. C. Jacintoensis. Pistillate spikes loosely few-flowered, green. Stigmas 2; perigynia pyriform. 15. C. Hassei. Stigmas 3 Perigynia globose. 16. C. globosa. Perigynia triquetrous. 17. C. triquetra. II. Spikes solitary, staminate above. Pistillate flowers loosely disposed. 18. C. multicaulis. Pistillate flowers aggregated. 19. C. filifolia. (To be continued.) The election of members of the Board of Directors which are to be voted upon by the Academy at large, will take place at the State Normal School, Monday, May 1, 1905. Polls open from 6:00 to 8:00 p.m., as required by the Constitution. Failing other nominations, a ticket has been prepared by the present Board, as provided in the Constitution, Article VIT, See. 2 MAY 25 1905 VOL. IV. APRIL, 1905 NO. 4 BULLETIN OF THE Southern Californiz Academy of Ociences COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION THEO. B. COMSTOCK, S. D.; A. Davipson, C. M., M. D.; Wma. H. KNIGHT. CONTENTS: Page Page Prospects Brighten (Editorial)... ....... 53 Ants rom Catalina Island, by Wm. Transactions for March, 1906................54 Mortons wheelers nimcescssesccesseenec Academy Directors, Sections of New Fungi from Catalina Island, by Biology, Astronomy .............ceeeeeeee o4 J.B Ellis and B. M. Everhatt......... 62 Geology, Botany. .......c.c.c.cceceseececeeeees 55 On San Jacinto Trails, by Blanche Publications Reviewed.. 00 Trask. 63 Notes on the Fauna and Flora of. A Preliminary Synopsis of the South-_ Catalina Island, by C. F, Baker......56 ern California Cyperacez, VIII, by, Sapbiebanishlc, esctsescscctenese cease 66 PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY, MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER Yearly Subscription, $1.00 Single Copies, 25 cts, “Entered September 18, 1903, at Los Angeles, Cal,, as second-class matter, under Act of Congress, July 16, 1894.” MAILED MAY 18, 1905 PROSPECTS BRIGHTEN. The outlook begins to improve for securing such results as many have been long seeking in the way of more permanent usefulness for the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Just now there appears some chance of obtaining a favorable connection with the Southwest Museum, which is rapidly as- suming conerete form under the representative Muscum Foundation Committee of about fifty members. This com- mittee has been thoughtfully chosen by the Executive Com- mittee of the Southwest Society, the loeal branch of the Archeological Institute of America. The prestige and cordial support of the parent Institute has been the motif and incentive of the movement which now has acquired momentum enough to earry it on to brilliant suecess. But it is well to emphasize the fact that the results and the hard work are voluntary contributions from busy local men and women for the benefit of the Southwest itself. It is not a new issue, but the natural growth by accretion —the erystallization, in effeet—of countless hitherto unsystem- atized, though earnest efforts. God speed the work. 54 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TRANSACTIONS FOR MARCH, 1905. I. ACADEMY SESSION. Los Angeles, California, March 6, 1905. The regular monthly meeting of the Southern California Academy of Sciences was held this evening in the State Normal School, President Dozier occupying the chair. The lecture for the evening was the World’s Fair at St. Louis, and was delivered by Mr. B. R. Baumgardt. It was a concise statement of human progress since the Chicago Fair in 1893, showing the great advance made in all branches of science, manipulation of power, transportation, electricity, manufacturing and education. The lecture was illustrated with calcium light views. B. R. BAUMGARDT, Secretary. II. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. Los Angeles, March 6, 1905. The Board of Directors met this evening at 7:30, at the State Nor- mal School. President Dozier occupied the chair. The following applicants for membership were elected members: Mr. Harry O. Carter and Mr. W. Scott Lewis. Several bills were audited. Adjourned. B. R. BAUMGARDT, Secretary. III. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 1. Biology. : March 13, 1905. Owing to a violent rainstorm, the March meeting of the Biological Section was postponed for one month. C. A. WHITING, Secretary. 2. Astronomy. The Section met at the usual hour and place on March 20th, Chair- man William’ H. Knight, presiding. The discussion took a wide and somewhat discursive range. By request, Mr. Baumgardt presented the matter of apparent retrograde motion of Venus, explaining by aid of a diagram the cause of apparent retrogression. The planet Venus having just passed the point of greatest elongation, the question of its move- ment and appearance during the next few weeks was of special interest. The method of determining its distance from the sun was elucidated, and the various phases assumed during its revolution about the sun. Mr. Knight then presented some very important things relative to the approaching eclipse of the sun, to occur on August 30th next. At that time the earth will be near its aphelion point and ‘the moon in peri- gee, both of which facts contribute to the greater width of the zone covered by the moon’s shadow on the earth and the greater duration of the eclipse. Great preparations are being made by astronomers all over the world to make the best possible use of this rare opportunity for study- ing the sun. Lick Observatory will send out three expeditions, one to Canada, one to Spain, and one to Egypt; the special aim of the observa- tory being also threefold namely, to search for intro-Mercurial planets, to secure photographs of the corona, and spectroscopic photographs of the chromosphere. The unusual duration of nearly four minutes will make it possible, under favorable atmospheric conditions, to secure excellent results in each of these directions. The enterprise of the Lick Observatory is made the more striking in comparison with the observatories of Great Britain, which will send SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 55 out but one expedition each; but these will go to various points on the earth, and, in the aggregate, will constitute a long line of observers in the path of totality. Mr. Knight gave the dates of a number of solar eclipses to occur during the next decade, and the path that will be traced over the surface of the earth. Mr. Baumgardt added the impor- tant and interesting fact that the next solar eclipse that will be visible in California will oceur on May 5th, 1918, and the shadow zone will embrace the Lick Observatory. Some discussion arose relative to the nature of the corona, photo- sphere and chromosphere of the sun, during which it was mentioned that the identity of the corona and the zodiacal light is now a theory meeting with favor. MELVILLE DOZIER, Secretary. \ 3. Geology. On the evening of the 27th of March the Geological Section of the Academy met at the State Normal School Building. Chairman Geo. W. Parsons presided. Rev. H. B. Gage of Long Beach gave a very inter- esting talk on the minerals found in Riverside county. He exhibited about fifty specimens he had gathered in the mountains, many of them being quite rare. G. MAJOR TABER, Secretary. 4, Botany. (No session of the Botanical Section was held in March, 1905.) PUBLICATIONS REVIEWED. In Bulletin (Vol. 4) No. 3, of the Department of Geology, University of California, Mr. Vance C. Osmont discusses ‘‘A Geological Section of the Coast Ranges North of the Bay of San Francisco,’’ presenting very valuable data and illustrated sections. The geologic sequence of events is very closely explained and the results are, in some respects, very in- teresting. The evidence of recent and now progressing subsidence in that region are in marked contrast to the movements of elevation farther southward along the Pacific coast. Some of the author’s conclusions as to the relative horizons of terranes exposed go far towards elucidat- ing hitherto little understood structure. Vol. 4, No. 4, of the foregoing series of Bulletins is another paper by Mr, Osmont, on ‘‘Areas of the California Neocene.’’ This illus- trates a number of forms of the genus Arca and shows their vertical range, paleontologically, a matter of much importance in the present state of knowledge of the Neocene rocks of California. Vol. 4, No. 5, same series, is by Chas. EH. Weaver, a ‘‘ Contribution to the Paleontology of the Martinez Group.’’ Mr. Weaver illustrates twenty fossil forms from this terrane, which, from his studies, he places independently, as the representative of perhaps one-quarter of the lowest Eocene, in a position between the Chico and Tejon groups, heretofore taken, in part, as equivalent to the Martinez group. Annals of the Carnegie Museum (Pittsburgh), Vol. III, No. 2, March, 1905, continues the publication of valuable material historical, zodlogical, geological and paleontological. A very interesting document also sent out by this museum, as ‘‘Serial No. 34,’’ is a succinct account of ‘‘ The Prize Essay Contest’’ by pupils of the public schools of Pittsburgh and Allegheny. Despite the worth and interest of this contest, we lack space to do more than mention the subjects of the essays, as an indica- tion of the spirit of the contest and its value as an incentive to profitable thinking along lines of nature study. The titles given are: 1. ‘‘A Letter to a Friend About the Carnegie Museum.’’ 2. ‘*Transportation, or the Moving of Loads, as Illustrated at the Carnegie Museum.’’ 3. ‘‘Why the Birds Should Be Protected, and What I Learned About Them at the Carnegie Museum.’’ 56 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NOTES ON THE FAUNA AND FLORA OF CATALINA ISLAND. By C. F. Baker. (Read before Section of Botany, April 18, 1905.) During March of 1904, my wife and I had an unexpected opportunity to do a half day’s collecting at Avalon, on Catalina Island. We did not collect with any idea of making a contri- bution to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of the Island, but rather as a matter of habit and for our own pleasure. The fact that Avalon is a great summer resort and often visited by zoologists and botanists, seemed to render it very unlikely that we should find anything of unusual interest or unknown. However, as the results are gathered together they form a contribution of wholly unexpected interest and importance. Our collecting was all done within the immediate outskirts of the town. Starting from the hotel early in the morning, we climbed the hill by the church, thence up a little gulch and out on to the hilltop; from here we passed down a larger gulch on the other side, through the golf links, and some dis- tance up a large wash across the valley; lunch time having ar- rived we returned to the hotel; after lunch, until steamer time we walked along the rocky beach on the north side of the bay. It was early March and the surrounding country looked very bare—sandy hills covered with a few bushes and much eactus —cut by many deep gulches, along the bottoms and south sides of which were some shrubs and grasses still green. We gathered a number of lichens, which, although of very unusual interest, added nothing to Dr. Hasse’s records. Splen- did collections might readily be made of the lichens at this point, for they are abundant in species and specimens. It was too early for flowering plants, but their dead twigs furnished a number of interesting fungi. The proportion of new species would indicate a characteristic fungus flora for the Island, and undoubtedly a rich harvest awaits the thorough collector. Under boards and stones occurred a great variety of animal life, from snakes, lizards, and salamanders down to ‘Thy- sanurans, mollusks and worms. It will be impossible at the present time to enumerate all the species taken, since they are not yet all worked up. The spiders furnished a new genus and species and the ants several new forms. The Island seems to have a remarkable ant and spider fauna, and evidently a careful gathering of the species will yield rich returns. On the shore after lunch, we reveled in crustaceans, collect- - ing numerous Amphipods, Isopods, hermit crabs, ete. Deep in the sand underneath boulders, low down on the beach, we SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES _ 57 found a number of the extraordinary crustacean, Callianassa affinis Holmes (determined by Miss Rathbun), and under the same boulders specimens of a curious little blind fish. Some- what higher up on the beach, but still between tides, the boulders furnished great numbers of Isopods. Running about among the Isopods were numbers of Thysanurans, and also numerous individuals of a small, hight colored Staphylinid which has proven to be a new genus and species, and which has been named by Casey, Bryothinusa cataline. Thousands of specimens of this species might have been easily collected at the time we visited the locality. Davenport has found (see Cold Spring Harbor Monographs II) that Thysanurans living between tides did not retreat or float as the tide rose, but bur- rowed down into the sand. There is an unusually fine chance for a similar study at Avalon—not only in connection with the Thysanurans, but in relation to this curious little Bryo- thinusa. : No attempt was made to carry away the larger and more conspicuous things—numerous collections have been made of these. Fine series of fish, of seaweeds, of birds, and various other groups of animals and plants could easily be taken at this point, and so far as we had opportunity to observe, the tnarine life—worms, mollusks, echinoderms, ete.—seemed to be abundant. Below is given an account of some of the things taken, and the ants collected have been kindly worked up for us for pub- lication in the Bulletin by Professor Wheeler, Messrs. Ellis and Everhard likewise describing the fungi obtained.* , FUNGI. Besides the new species described by Professor Wheel- er, the followmg may also be _ recorded: Thyridium lividum Pers., occurred commonly on the dead stems of Ramona polystachya and Isomeris, arbore. Speci- mens of Lycoperdon gemmatum Batsch., were found on mossy banks underneath bushes, and Geaster hygro- metricus occurred in similar places. An evergreen Rhus in the eulches was very commonly affected with a Harknessia para- sitic on the leaves. The cacti abundant here were very com- monly affected with exceptionally fine specimens of a Phoma which Dr. Ellis has questionably referred to Phoma dpuntiz. He remarks that in the Catalina specimens the spores are smaller and of two kinds. ARACHNIDA. Two specimens of Drassids taken near Avalon have served as the types of a new genus and species, and have been de- *These papers follow in this issue of the Bulletin.—(Ed.) 58 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES seribed by Mr. Banks in the Proce. Cal. Acad. Sei. 1904, Zool. Vol. III, p. 334, as follows: DRASSINELLA Banks, n. gen. Cephalothorax with short groove; eyes as in Poecilochroa, except the S. E. are not their diameter apart, the posterior row being straight and longer than front row, with the M. H. nearer to P. S. E. than to each other. Mandibles slightly geniculate, no large tooth below, only one or two small ones. Legs long and slender; tibiw I and II with two rows, each of five spines, below, the last its length before tip; three such pairs under these metatarsi, hind tibie with a median and apical pair below, none above; tarsi weakly scapulate; lip rather broader than long: spinnerets not very long. Drasinella modesta Banks, n. sp. Cephalothorax, mandibles and legs dull yellowish brown, the latter paler on tarsi; sternum pale yellow-brown, dark on mar- cin; abdomen dark gray above, with black hair; venter gray. Cephalothorax rather short; P. M. E. oval, more than longest diameter apart, a little nearer to nearly equal P. 8. E.; A. M. E. about diameter apart, not one-half so far from shghtly larger A. 8S. E. Quadrangle of M. E. much broader behind than in front; S. E. separated by about one-half diameter, equal. Sternum broadest at coxe II, pointed behind, and but little longer than broad. Under tibixw I and II after the large spines, are several pairs of minute spines. Abdomen nearly twice as long as broad, truncate at base, pointed behind. Length 3 mm. OTHER ARACHNIDS. There were also taken near Avalon the following other Arachnids: Agalena pacifica Banks, Lathrodectes mactans Koch, Phidippus bicolor Kays, and the phalangid Protolophus tuberculatus Banks. COLEOPTERA. In Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXXVI, p. 312, Major Casey has described BRYOTHINUSA Casey, n. gen. Body moderately slender, exactly parallel, rather depressed cn the upper surface, the integuments dull, very finely and densely sculptured, the pubescence short, abundant and semi- erect; head strongly defiexed, fully as wide as long, the sides parallel and arcuate, the base very broad and inserted within the apex of the prothorax; eyes small, anterior, flat, clongate- oval, consisting of ten to twelve coarse convex facets; infra- lateral carina wholly wanting; epistoma broadly arcuate; labrum about twice as wide as long, rather prominent, broadly rounded at tip; antenne long and slender, very feebly in- erassate distally, the joints loosely joined, the first and second SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 59 elongate and subequal, the second as long as the third and fourth combined; mentum very large, flat, trapezoidal, i: ax- illary lobe long, slender, hooked at tip, loosely serrate within; labial palpi slender, 3-jointed, the maxillary large and well developed, densely hairy; prothorax at apex as wide as the head, gradually and moderately narrowed thence to the base, the sides nearly straight, the hypomera delimited from the pronotum by a very fine beaded edge, broad im the middle and narrowing arcuately to base and apex; scutellum very large, triangular; elytra shorter than the prothorax, the suture net beaded; abdomen more than half as long as the body, parallel, the segments not impressed at base; metasternum very short, the episternum large, gradually and rapidly narrowed an- teriorly ; legs rather short and stout; coxe very large, the in- termediate acetabula apparently well defined throughout; tihie pubescent and finely subspinulose; tarsi short and rather thick, 4-4-5 jointed, the first four joints of the posterior diminishing eradually and slightly in length, the fifth not quite as lone as the preceding three combined. This genus differs from Thinusa in its very long antenne, broad hypomera, small eyes, and in many other characters. The type is the following: Bryothinusa cataline Casey, n. sp. Pale yellowish-brown in color throughout the body, legs and antenne, the abdomen feebly clouded with piceous from rather before the middle nearly to the apex, extremely minutely and closely punctulate throughout, the pubescence pale and rather conspicuous; head rather large, flat or broadly impressed above, the antennx half as long as the body, slender, just visibly in- crassate distally, bristling throughout with short and rather stiff erect pubescence, the tenth *joint distinctly longer than wide, the eleventh about as long as the preceding two com- bined, gradually and acutely conoidal; prothorax distinctly wider than lone, broadly, feebly coneave toward the middle throughout the length, except at the apical margin; base super- posed over the base of the elytra, the latter flat bi-obliquely truncate at tip, as wide as the prothorax and four-fifths as long, the sides parallel; abdomen strongly margined, equal in width to the elytra. Length, 2.15 mm.; width, 0.48 mm. OTHER COLEOPTERA. The following beetles, kindly determined by Prof. Fall, were all of common occurrence during storms: Cuchrus mimus Horn, Amara insignis Dej., Calathus obscurus Lec., Platynus maculicollis Dej., Euryme topon convexi colle Lec., Coniontis elliptica Casey, Nyctoporis carinata Lec., Eulabis pubescens Lee., and Blapstinus rufipes Casey. 60 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ANTS FROM CATALINA ISLAND, CAL. By William Morton Wheeler. Of the eight species of Formicide collected on Catalina - Island, California, by Prof. C. F. Baker and wife, four present subspecifie or varietal peculiarities, probably of geographical significance, though all the forms are represented on the adja- cent mainland. Of especial interest are the new variety of Monomorium minutum with wingless, ergatoid queens, and the new subspecies of Henamina patruelis, a form originally de- seribed and hitherto known only from the Island of Guadalupe, off the coast of Lower California. 1. Monomorium minutum Mayr, var. ergatogyna, var. nov. I base this variety on a number of workers and eight females from three different colonies. The workers differ from those of M. minutum var. minimum Buckley, common over a large portion of the United States, only in size, being only 1.5 mm. in length, whereas the workers of minimum are usually 2.—2.2 mm. long. All the female specimens are ergatoid, 1. e., they show no traces of wing insertions, they are smaller (only 3.25— 3.) mm.) and have smaller eyes and more slender thoraces than the winged females of the typical form, which measure 4—5 mm. It would be interesting to know whether these wingless females, taken from three different nests, are the only type of female produced by this variety. If such is the case, they probably represent an adaptation to life on an oceanic¢ island comparable to the well-known apterous conditions in the in- sects of Madeira, Kerguelen, etc. I have recently received from Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson several specimens of Mono- morium floricola Jerd. collected at Biscayne Bay, Florida. Among these are three ergatoid females presenting the same peculiarities as the specimens of M. minutum above described. 2. Solenopsis texana Emery, subsp. cataline, subsp. nov. Several workers and two dedlated females differing from the typical Texan form in the more uniform coloration and the ab- sence of any infuscation on the gastric segments of the female. In the latter sex the node of the petiole is decidedly more com- pressed antero-posteriorly, and the greatest width of this seg- ment when seen from above is behind instead of at the middle, as in the female of the typical texana. The postpetiole is also shorter and its angles sharper than in the typical form. The pelosity of the worker is sparser and somewhat less conspicu- ous. The nodes of the pedicel are of very nearly equal breadtn. 3. Pheiodle hyattii Emery. Soldiers and workers from four different colonies and all belonging to the typical yellow Californian form. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 61 4. Crematogaster lineolata Lay, subsp. coarctata Emery. Several workers indistinguishable from the typical Califor- nian form. 5. Stenamma (Aphzenogaster) patruelis Forel, subsp. bakeri subsp. nov. Workers from two eolonies. Whole ant shining, the sculp- ture on the head being confined to sharp and rather irregular longitudinal rug, with very indistinct interrugal sculpture. Upper surface of thorax glabrous, meso and metapleure with a few longitudinal, the basal surface of the epinotum with a few transverse rugz. Pro-and mesothorax curvex, hemispherical, basal surface of epinotum evenly curvex im profile. Epinotal spines very small, acute, much farther apart than long. Body and appendages yellow or yellowish red, except the following portions: There is a large brown blotch on the vertex; the inner borders of the mandibles are black; the summits of the nodes of the pedicel, the gaster with the exception of the in- . elsures, and in some specimens also the middle portions of the femora and tibizw, more or less infuseated or black. Forel and Emery regard patruelis, originally described from the Island of Guadalupe, as a subspecies of S. subterraneum Latr., but I am inclined to separate it as a distinct species on account of the peculiar shape of the thorax. In subter- raneum and its western form, occidentalis Em., the pro-and mesonotum are less hemispherical and the basal surface of the epinotum is straight or even somewhat concave in profile. There are so many forms of subterraneum in the western states that it will be advantageous to regard patruelis as a distinet species, though it must still be placed in the subterraneum group. S. bakeri is a very striking form on account of its glabrous surface, yellow color and the conspicuous blotch on the vortex. 6. Stennnama (Messor) andrei Mayr. A single worker of this species, which seems to be oiher abundant in California and Nevada. CAMPONOTIN 2. 7. Camponotus maculatus Fabr., subsp. vicinus Mayr., var. nitidi ventris Emery. One soldier and four workers. 8. Camponotus hyattii Emery, var. bakeri, var nov. Media. Length, 5.5 mm. Differing from the typical form in coloration which is like that of C. marginatus Latr., subsp. discolor Emery, except that the basal two-thirds of the first gastric segment are also red like the head thorax and appendages. The seculpturing of the whole body is quite as sharp as in marginatus so that the sur- 62 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES face, even of the head, is quite as opaque as in that species. Mandibles and cheeks coarsely punctuate. Thorax in profile like that of the typical hyattii, except that the basal surface of the epinotum has a transverse demas oa behind when seen in profile. More material of this form may show that it is to be regarded as a distinct species. Female. Length, 7.5—8 mm. Presenting the “female of C. marginatus, var. discolor Buckley. Head longer than broad, with nearly straight posterior border and prominent posterior angles; cheeks converging in front and distinctly coneave. Mandibles 5-toothed. Whole body more shining than in discolor, though it is throughout dis- tinetly shagreened. The mandibles, cheeks and front are coarsely and evenly punctuate. Body and appendages yellow- ish red; teeth of mandibles, anterior edge of clypeus and cheeks, scutellum, mesonotum, a brand across the posterior portion of the first and second gastric segments, and the re- mainder of the gaster, all black. All the gastric segments are edged with yellow. There is a more or less distinct brown cloud on the antero-median and, in one of the specimens, also on either lateral surface, of the mesonotum. Wings yellowish gray with brownish yellow veins. Described from two mediewe and two female specimens. NEW FUNGI FROM CATALINA ISLAND. By J. B. Ellis and B. M. Everhart. The following forms are recognized in the collection mad3 by Professor and Mrs. C. F. Baker, at Catalina Island: Briardia nigerrima E. & E. n. sp. On Rhus laurina, Catalina Island, off the coast of Southern California, March, 1904 (C. F. Baker, No. 4038). Apothecia gregarious, erumpent between the fibres of the bleached, weather-beaten wood, 1-4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, black. Asci at first subglobose, then obovate-oblong, 40x12-15, 8-s spored. Sporidia irregularly crowded, oblong-clavate, hya- line, becoming brown, guttulate, 8-12x3-4 u, continuous. Para- physes branched above, and bearing a black epithecium com- posed of subglobosa, brown (becoming black) conidia, indis- tinctly submuriform, seoatate, 6-7 u in diameter. Phenangium spheroides EH. & E. n. sp. On bleached wood of Rhamnus and of Rhus laurina, at Avalon, Catalina Island. California (C. F. Baker, Nos. 4039 and 4045). Gregarious; apothecia round, black, smooth, globose at first, becoming depressed obeconical with the dise plane or concave SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 63 (convex when moist), 14-34 mm. in diameter, the margin in- eurved when dry. Asci cylindrical, p.-sp. 50-55x4 u. Para- physes obscure. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, almost opaque, 6-8x3-4 u, resembling the sporidia of a Hypoxylon. The name Phenangium was first used by Saceardo as a sub- genus of Cenangium, embracing species with dark-colored spores. In Syll. XVI, p. 764, he gives Phenangium generic rank. Pheenangium Patouillard is entirely different; see Syll. XI, p. 442. Didymospheria cataline E. & E., n. sp. On dead stems of Artemesia californica, Avalon, Catalina Island, California, March, 1904. (C. F. Baker, No. 4041.) Perithecia scattered on the bleached stems, raising the epi- dermis directly over them into little black pustules about 14 mm. in diameter, mostly slightly compressed laterally; ostiola papiuliform, minute, finally perforated. Asci cylindrical, short- stipitate, 90-100x12 u, with abundant paraphyses, slightly en- larged at the tips. Sporidia_uniseriate, oblong, hyaline at first, becoming pale brown, uniseptate and constricted in the middle, 15-22x6-7 u. Allied to D. brunneola Niessl., but that species has much smaller (7-12x4-6 u) sporidia. “ON SAN JACINTO TRAILS. By. Blanche Trask. ” (Read before Section of Botany, April 18, 1905.) In the San Jacinto Mountains, last November, I was for- tunate in finding Kunoymus parishii growing luxuriantly in Fern Canyon; also in a canyon—or more properly gorge— which opens into Strawberry Valley from the east, presumably the habitat in which it was first found and to which Mr. Hall refers in his Bot. Sen., Page 93. It is in full growth just below the fall of a little stream which trickles over an exposed ledge of granite, which is a landmark from the opposite side of Strawberry Valley heights and facing Lily Rock; it is the first gorge to the left. The shrubs are from four to ten feet tall and there were no fresh flowers, while the leaves had mostly fallen. It could be distinguished at a distance by the long wand-like bunches of bare stems rising hke a smoke from the bed of the stream, otherwise easily confounded with the Rhododendron which abounds and in many places fills these arroyos. The fruit of Euonymus parishii is exquisitely beautiful, with the persistent white waxy petals open like a bud about the gay scarlet anilate seeds; capsule 2-3 lobed and one or two seeds in each cell; the third lobe very often abortive. 64 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES The trend of the San Jacinto Range is from the peak towards the southeast for twenty-five miles to Santa Rosa Mountain, and presses closer and closer to the desert until it begins indeed to take on its atmosphere at Van de Venter Flat, at an eleva- tion of 4500 feet; the remarkable Pinus quadrifolia lives in and on the banks of Coyote Canyon. It is there the predominating tree, and perhaps would present a more pleasing appearance had you not come directly from the great forests of Straw- berry Valley; it certainly could not afford a more interesting sight. In its youth, it is as trim and indeed as symmetrical as a fir, although it later becomes scraggy and loose-limbed. It is said to be of very slow growth and will not endure trimming or the pruning knife. The leaves number generally from two to five and there are those where two predominate. The largest trees are thirty feet high and the Van de Venters, who were born in this country, seem to reeall no perceptible in- crease in number of these pines in twenty-five years. The oider boy can remember when a Pinus monophylla beside the trail tcday, and about twelve feet high, was only two or three feet tall when he was a lad of seven years. Pinus monophylla is very common in all desert ranges from 3000 to 4000 feet elevation. Both these pines bear profusely and the cones are identical to all appearances, but the nut of the P. quadrifolia is hard, while that of P. monophylla is soft.“ The only family of the Santa Rosa Indians which now remains at the old Indian vil- lage, up in the Santa Rosa Mountains, say that these pines (P. quadrifolia) were planted in Coyote Canyon by their fore- fathers; when, they do not know. They still gather the nuts for food: Facing northeast, Coyote Canyon is to the right of Van de Venter Flat about a good mile. From Van de Venter Flat, Buss Canyon breaks away to the Colorado Desert. This flat is really a pass between San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Moun- tains. Five hundred feet below this pass Pinus monophylla begins to grow and is more or less common in all the desert slopes. El Toro Mountain, which rises yet east of Santa Rosa Mountain, has a curious top—as though it had a hollow cone, and one day, from too great a desert blast, had crumbled and fallen in; this mass of old rock-dust seems marked with foot prints of the earthquake, yet strangely enough P. mono- phylla is thickly set there. Deep Canyon, which is crossed on the Martinez trail, has a trickling streamlet and in its bed the ash (Fraxinus) grows to be a tree. Populus abounds and even elders fifty feet high show their beautiful trunks against the over-toppling crags; yet fifty feet away Yucea and the Spanish Bayonet grow hap- SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 65 pily. The trail to Palm Canyon opens out from Van de. Venter Flat, and the wall which encloses “‘Big Canyon’’ all the way seems to have been thrown there by the hand of a Cyclops; per- haps Big Canyon is Palm Canyon. You might find out if you had the courage to drop into its head and follow it until you meet the first palm; follow it—at least—so long as you lived; what with the furnace blast of the desert and the cacti which beset the way, and the utter lack of water, and no shade save such as a prostrate Juniper bush can give. As you will have long since left the pines behind, you are quite content to tramp along without investigations either to right or to left, other than those which are thrown in your way. The land is sentineled by yuceas and century plants ten to twenty feet tall, and white as tapers in November against the over-burnt hills, while Spanish bayonets are challenging on every hand; endless ‘‘washes’’ line the way where you walk, and you hail the ‘‘desert willow’’ or clump of dry cottonwoods as a remarkable propitiation of the fates; indeed, you come to think no green thing ean thrive in such a land and that all must partake necessarily of the grayness of the sage brush or of the color of the sun, or of the voleanic tints of the over-burnt hills. But the next moment transfixed you stand, for just below in a tangled arroyo are the uplifted plumes of a forest which ‘“‘stand dressed in living green;”’’ while a thousand feet below and beyond the white sands of the deserts are drifted lke the snows on San Jacinto’s head in winter, and you tramp down as in a dream to drink of the water and to lave your burning head. The palms, over one hundred feet high, thrive in these arroyos, where columnar cacti as large as a man’s waist, live on the dry cliff edges. Although it seems a desecration to use a palm as a back-log, the great trunks one to two feet in diameter make an excellent bed of coals in the campfire all night. The stream of water in which the palms grow is strongly alkaline and is always running even in dry years. There is also a warm spring in this region. Young palms are as thick as grass under your feet and in all stages of growth. There are so many trees and the failen leaves occupy so large a space that it is really a difficult task to tramp through these places; you cannot. decide whether to turn to left or right, as trees twenty-five to thirty feet tall are burdened with their -down-hangine leaves, which droop to the ground and make of them mammoth screens. Whichever way you go, you are sure to encounter the hooked- spine, leaf-blade of the palm, and stepping high to lunge over 66 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES a pile of dry leaves, you will be precipitated into a hidden spring or a rock-pool. Necessarily your progress is slow, but the palms tower overhead, and from every crag their leaves are silhouetted against the sky, while you seem to hear the sound ef that old sea which broke so long ago over the white sands at the foot of these very cliffs. Ayalon, Santa Catalina Island. A PRELIMINARY SYNOPSIS OF THE SOUTH- ERN CALIFORNIA CYPERACE:. ViIII.* By S. B. Parish. * Perigynia Stramineous or greenish, as are the scales, so that the spikes appear light in color ; the long beak bidentate; stigmas 3, pistellate spikes erect, except No. 2, bracts not auriculate. + Perigynia thin and firm in texture, tapering into a beak one- third as long as the body ; staminate sprke solitary, except No. 1. ++ Perigynia glabrous, inflated and not filled by the achene. “1. Carex utriculata Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:221:W. Boott im. Wats.--Bot; Cal. 2):252. (Britt. & Br. 2 aie Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 9:122; Mem. Torr. Club, 1:59. C. rostrata utriculata Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22:67. Stoloniferous; culms stout, scabrid, 5-10 dm. tall; leaves flat, 5-8 mm. wide, nodulose, scabrid, exceeding the culms; bracts similar, the lowest exceeding the culm; staminate spikes 2-3; pistillate spikes 2-4, cylindrical, densely-flowered, 34 em. long, sessile, or the lowest pedunculate; scales equalling or exceed- ing the perigynia, lanceolate, prolonged to an accuminate sea- brid tip; perigynia ovoid to ovoid-oblong, few-nerved, the body 2-3 mm. long, and the beak half as long, its teeth erect; achenes oblong. Common in wet meadows, Bear Valley, 6,500 ft. alt., in the San Bernardino Mts.; 1275a Parish. Bluff Lake, 7,400 ft. alt.; Parish. This is the southern known limit of the species, whence it extends north through the Sierra Nevada to British Columbia; also in the Rocky Mts., and in northern Atlantic States. C. utriculata minor Boott.1.¢. Leaves narrower, and spikes slenderer and shorter. Bear Valley, with the species; 1575 Parish. *Continued from Page 52 (This Volume), No. 3, March, 1905. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 67 2. Carex comosa Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 20:117. Britt. & Br. Ill. Fl. 1:301. C. pseudocyperus comosa, W. Boott in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2:252. Jepson, Fl. W. M. Cal. 90. C. pseudocy- perus Americana, Hochst Herb. Unio. Itin. (1837). MacMill, Met. Minn. Val. 126. Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 5:89. Abrams, Fl. Los. Ang. 73. Cespitose; culms stout, 5-10 dm. tall, very rough on the Sharp angles; leaves 6-10 mm. wide, nodulose, the upper, and the similar bracts, exceeding the culms; staminate spike 2-8 em. long; pistillate spikes 3-5, cylindrical, 5-7 em. long, 8-10 mm. thick, approximate, drooping on short peduneles; scales shorter than the perigynia, ovate at base, attenuate to a rough awn; perigynia ovoid-ellipsoidal, prominently many-ribbed, stipitate, and at maturity reflexed, the body 3 mm. long, taper- ing into a long slender beak 1.5 mm. long, the divergent and recurved subulate teeth as long as the beak; achenes sharply triquetrous, 1.5 mm. long. Perhaps only a waif. A single plant, growing in swamy soil, by a roadside, near San Bernardino, 1882; Parish. Reported by Davidson, in Pl. Los Ang. Co. 30, from Burbank, but there is no specimen in his herbarium. In the Atlantic States from Newfoundland to Louisiana; on the Pacifie coast from Oregon to San Francisco. m ++ Perigynia hirsute, obovoid, completely filled by the achene. “ 3. Carex lanuginosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:175. Britt. & Br. Ill. Fl. 1:305. C. filiformis lanuginosa B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 63. Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 4:78. C. filiformis latifolia Boeckl. Linnea, 41:309. Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22:74; Mem. Torr. Club, 1:64. W. Boott in Wats» Bot. Cal. 2:250. Abrams, Fi. Los Ang. 74. Culms tufted, smooth, 5-10 dm. tall; leaves flat, rough on the edges, 3-5 em. wide, equalling the culms; bracts similar, the lowest exceeding the culms, the upper narrow; staminate spike 3-4 em. long, often with 1-2 short spikes at base; pistillate spikes 2-5, cylindrical, 1-3 em. long, 7-8 mm. thick, sessile, or the lowest remote on a short peduncle; scales longer than the perigynia, glabrous, narrowed to a rough awn; perigynia fuscous, the body 3 mm. long, shortly stipitate at base, tapering into a beak 1 mm. long, the teeth glabrous, erect, 0.5 mm. long; achenes olivanceous, smooth. 68 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Borders of swamps in the Cismontane region, below 3,000 ft. alt.; apparently rare. San Bernardino Valley, and Edgar Can- yon, in the San Bernardino Mts.; Parish. A widely distributed species, from the British Possessions to the Mexican border. A sedge collected in 1891, by Davidson, at Los Angeles, has pistillate spikes only 2-3 mm. thick; scales oblong, the midvein excurrent from the emarginate apex as a short cusp, shorter than the perigynia, which are broader, and shorter beaked. Probably distinct, but further material is needed. y 4, Carex Yosemitana Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 1. 8. C. Sartwelliana, W. Boott. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2:249. Ceespitose; culms rather slender, 3-angled, slightly seabrid above, 8-10 dm. tall; leaves hirsute, 5-6 mm. wide, shorter than the culms; bracts slender, the lowest exceeding the culm; staminate spike 5-6 em. long; pistillate spikes 2-4, cylindrical, sessile, 2-3 em. long, 5 mm. thick; scales brown with green midvein, hispid, acute, or the lower prolonged to a rough awn, as broad as the perigynia, and equalling or exceeding them; perigynia ovoid, acute at base, the body 2 mm. long, gradually narrowed into a beak 1 mm. long, the teeth short and erect; achenes pale brown, granulate-roughened. On a dry slope, Strawberry Valley, 6,000 ft. alt., San Jacinto Mts.; Parish. San Jacinto Mts.; Davidson. Reported other- wise only from the high mountains of Mariposa Co.; where it was collected long ago by Bolander and Brewer, and in recent years by Congdon; but probably occurrimg at inter- mediate points. — ( To be continued.) VOL. IV. MAY, 1905 NO. 5 yw ieee IN: OF THE Southern California Academy of Ociences COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION THEO. B. COMSTOCK, S. D.; A. DAvipson, C. M., M. D.; Wm. H. KNIGHT. CONTENTS: Page Page The Duty of the Hour (Editorial) 69 PASE(OSS Vitel OO cl beneeensemaneeneesensttencrsanaseen 79 Transactions for April 1905.. 70 A Preliminary Synopsis of the South- Academy, Directors................scsscseeeeeee, 70 ern California Cyperacez, IX, SECELONS! BIOLOGY. <..ccccesvacescee: saccccceteress 70 WAY Sh J8ho LEE) canpaceecesonsasosceeeonedaoane 80 Astronomy, Geology........... ato Gems and Rare Minerals of Southern IBISEATNY eatentattnns sansestonsertesssusecenceeranset 72 California, by L. Douglas Sovereign.85 Publications Received.. eiz2 Hear! (Editorial) padaodunavesssses soesttsccsecaees 90 The Metabolism of the “Neurone, “by Scope and objects of the Academy... Ol Dr. Louisa Burns............ cecseceeeeeeeees 73 PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY, MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER Yearly Subscription, $1.00 Single Copies, 25 cts, “Entered September 18, 1903, at Los Angeles, Cal,, as second-class matter, under Act of Congress, July 16, 1894.” MAILED JUNE 28, 1905 THE DUTY OF THE HOUR. Not mere words, but work—hard, persistent work—on the part of every member of the Academy is demanded by the present condition of affairs. We are probably coming through the fiseal year about even with creditors, and there is much to the good in the way of accomplished result. Still, we lack eoherence and enthusiasm, and some of us know how far short the Academy has come of performing its due share of what is within its easy reach. At the same time, there has been decided advance this year in the quality of our contributions to science and in the in- terest shown in the work of the several sections. This only serves to emphasize the constantly growing need of permanent quarters and a depository for the increasing library and coilee- tions, which now are inaccessible to those most needing them for reference. The Committee on Publeation has offers of most important scientifle monographs which must be declined unless funds can be somehow provided for the bare cost of printing. It tOwould be a disgrace to the Academy to let these precious Sthines pass to other hands, but just now there does not appear “~to be any means of publishing them under our own auspices. UL O= 7o SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TRANSACTIONS FOR APRIL 1905. I, ACADEMY SESSION.. Los Angeles, California, April 3, 1905. The regular monthly meeting of the Academy was held this evening at 8 o’clock at the State Normal School. A lecture was delivered by Mr. F. Hamer Maude, M. B. C. M., on ‘“The Havasupai Indians and Their Canyon Home.’’ In the progress of the lecture, which was illustrated with numerous beautifully colored lantern views, the lecturer dealt with the archeology and ethnology of the Havasupai Indians, as well as with the topography and geology of the Cataract Canyon region which they inhabit. Based, as the lecture was, upon personal observations during repeated visits to this interesting region, Mr. Maude succeeded in enlisting the attention and appreciation of all present. B. R. BAUMGARDT, Secretary. II. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. a Los Angeles, April 8, 1905. A meeting of the Board of Directors was held this afternoon at 3:30, at the office of Dr. T. B. Comstock, Stimson Building, Los Angeles. Present: Dozier, Comstock, Whiting, Taber and Baumgardt. President Dozier occupied the chair. The first business in order was the nominations for the offices of President, Vice President and Secretary, and three Directors, for the forthcoming election in May. The result of the nominations was as follows: Prof. Melville Dozier received the nomination for President. -Mr. J. D. Hooker received the nomination for Vice President. Mr, B. R. Baumgardt received the nomination for Secretary. Messrs. Whiting, Taber and Comstock received the nominations for Directors. It was moved and earried that the President request the Chairman of the Agricultural Chémical section to report upon its activities. Dr. F. M. Palmer was received into membership. Dr. C. H. Phinney and Dr. Cress were appointed teilers to act at the forthcoming election in May. Adjourned. g B. R. BAUMGARDT, Secretary. Ill. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 1. Biology. April 10th, 1905. The meeting of the Biological Section of the Southern Califcrnia Academy of Sciences was called to order by the Chairman of the Section. The minutes of the last two meetings were read and approved. The first business undertaken was the election of officers for the ensuing year. As the result of the election Prof. A. B. Ulrey was elected Chairman and ©. A. Whiting was elected Secretary. The lecture of the evening was given by Dr. Louisa Burns on ‘‘Some Recent Literature Relating to the Nervous System.’ The lecture was illustrated by slides which were exhibited under microscopes. About twenty-five members and visitors were present. The May meeting will be addressed by Dr. Bebb on ‘‘The Com- parative Anatomy of the Teeth and Skulls of Man and Other Mammals.’’ C. A. WHITING, Secretary. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 71 2. Astronomy. The April meeting of the Section was held on the 17th at the Normal School building. In the absence of the Chairman the Secretary pre- sided, and introduced the topic of discussion. The subject before the Section was the consideration of the Calendar, its history and the prin- ciples of its construction. In early times the month was a much more common unit of time measure than the year, and all matters relating to dates and seasons were in the hands of the priesthood, and much confusion resulted from the inaccuracy of their methods and the consequent necessity of inter- ealary days, introduced for the purpose of keeping the calendar correct. The Mohammedans still use a purely lunar calendar, having a year of twelve lunar months, containing alternately 354 and 355 days. On this account the same season does not recur at the same time of the year in successive years, and the calendar gains about one year in thirty-three, The Metonie cycle, named in honor of Meton, the Grecian discoverer, consists of 235 synodic months, or almost exactly 19 years. The ‘‘Golden Number’’ of a year is the place of the year in this cycle, and is found by adding 1 to the date number of the year, and dividing by 19. At the time of Julius Cesar the Roman calendar had become very inaccurate, and, by the aid of Sosigenes, an Alexandrian astronomer, he formulated and decreed the use of the Julian Calendar, changing "the beginning of the year from March to January, lengthening it to 36514 days, and naming what was formerly the fifth month in honor of him- self, ‘‘July.’? Augustus Cesar, not to be outdone by his illustrious uncle and predecessor, changed the name of the sixth month to August, and added one day to it at the expense of February. The system of adding one day in four years to supply the time lost by dropping the one-fourth of a day each year, resulted in an error of about three days every four hundred years; and at the time of Pope Gregory the error had grown to ten days. This condition of things was remedied by the dropping of ten days from the calendar in October, 1582 and providing that, of the century years, only every fourth one should be counted a leap year. This method will keep the calendar practically correct for several thousand years. The Gregorian year has been adopted by all Christian countries except Russia, whose calendar is now twelve days behind that ot other countries. Russian dates are usually written double, as 7-19, to denote both the Julian and the Gregorian date. The discussion led to the consideration of kindred topics, and the Section felt that a profitable hour had been spent. MELVILLE DOZIER, Secretary. 3. Geology. Los Angeles, Cal., April 24th, 1905, The Geological Section met at the State Normal School Building at 8 p.m. The meeting was called to order by Chairman Geo. W. Parsons. Tenants ID Douglas Sovereign being indisposed was not present, but the chairman read his paper on “Gems and Curiosities of Southern California.’’ In the paper he stated that ‘‘hidden deep in the heart of the heat distorted Colorado Desert in San Diego County, guarded by the great naked buttes that frown down upon the intrepid prospector, is prob: ibly one of the richest of Nature’s unrifled coffers of erystaline wealth, and few fields in the world offer the gem hunter greater possibilities. ’ ‘‘The finding of the richest and most productive known deposits of tourmaline erystals, the uncovering of the only known deposits of lilae- 72 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES cclored spodumene, and the discovery and development of lepidolite in quantities never dreamed of before the uncovering of the Pala dike, are among its claims to distinction.’’ He also stated that these deposits have attracted scientists from many parts of the world. Near the deposits mentioned is the famous kunzite mine. He also mentioned that at Mesa Grande was found the largest deposit of tourmaline crystals of gem quality known. The paper was quite lengthy and full of interest. G. MAJOR TABER, Secretary. 4, Botany. The Botanical Section met on April 18. Mr. Ernest Braunton read a paper on ‘‘The Flora of Amador Coun- ty.’’? He compared the flora of that district with the South. Brodeie grandiflora is almost a pest. Chenopodiums are common, atriplex is unknown. Cynara cardunculus and Filago gallica were among the varieties mentioned. , C. RUSSELL, Secretary. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. ‘*Muhlenbergia.’’ Vol. 1, No. 6. New Species in Ribes, Trifolium and Stachys. ‘Injury to Vegetation by Smelter Fumes,’’ by J. K. Haywood. U. 8S. Dept. Agricult. Chemistry Bulletin No. 89. From investigations made at the Mountain Copper Works, Redding, Cal., the author has concluded that ‘‘sulphur dioxid when present in small quantities in the air kills vegetation. The vegetation around the smelter for at least 3144 miles north, 9 miles south, 2% miles east, and 5 or 6 miles west, has been greatly injured.’’ The author suggests con- densing the sulphur fumes and manufacturing sulphuric acid. ANS 1D) ‘