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BULLETIN OF THE
| Southern California
Academy of Sciences

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

Vol. XXV January-April, 1926 Part 1

CONTENTS

List oF DrurRNAL LEPIDOPTERA—

Wm. Barnes and F. H. Benjamin
INTRODUCTION - - - -

List = = = =

BUTTERFLIES OF CALIFORNIA - = =
Dr. John A. Comstock

STUDIES IN PaciFic Coast LEPIDOPTERA - =
Dr. John A. Comstock

Issued March 30th, 1926.

<<‘
oy.
Qe

Southern Californie
Academy of Sciences

s 8
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Dr. WittraM A. BryAN .......- sreaitpsonebe Dasani ea President
Dr. JoHN A: COMSTOCK © -.2..-0cso..i. seen slicing ate Vice-President
RBS eof. SRRRS aes a eck eae ame 2nd Vice-President
Dr. JOuN A. COMSTOCK... oo... cgctintenisahi acti cc-lbaren eee Secretary .
Se eal as. 64:2): Seemann penne Se Pw NE Treasurer
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Gro. W. Parsons
Dr. WILLIAM A. BRYAN HERBERT J. GOUDGE
Dr. A. Davipson Dr. FRANK CLARK
Dr. Forp A. CARPENTER Dr. R. H. Swirt
Wm. SPALDING
= 8
ADVISORY BOARD
Mr. ArtTHuR B. BENTON Dr. D. L. TASKER
Mr. B. R. BAUMGARDT Dr. T. C, Low
Mr. R. F. Gross THEODORE PAYNE
= 8
ASTRONOMICAL SECTION
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Wma. A. SPALDING
Chairman Secretary
BIOLOGICAL SECTION
Dr. R. H. Swirt Dr. WENDELL GREGG
Chairman Secretary
BOTANICAL SECTION
Dr. A. Davipson THEODORE PAYNE
Chairman Secretary

FINANCE COMMITTEE
Dr. F. C, Crarx, Dr. A. Davipson, Mr. S. J. Kress

Dr. Joun A. Comstock Mr. GeorcE PARSONS
GEOLOGICAL SECTION
Mr. E. E. Hapiey Mr. GeorcE Parsons
Chairman Secretary

PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, Dr. A. Davipson, Mr. GeorcE PARSONS
=
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION
Mr. Witi1am A. SPALDING, Chairman
Dr. Jonn A. Comstock Mr. S. J. KEEsE
ANSTRUTHER Davipson, C.M., M.D.

OFFICE OF THE ACADEMY
SouTHWEsT MusEuM Los ANGELES, CAL.

CALIFORNIA © PLATE

ITTERFLIES OF

THE SENNA SULPHUR 6 Cafopsilia eudule_ THE SENNA SULPHUR @
Catopsilia eubule senrae.L. Z. sennae. Under side. P Catopsitca eubule sernae.L.

Ceubule senhae L. 2 Cee Sule Senne Ee
Intermediate form. | Mbit ES CHL

eerthene 7 BOISPUVAL 5 SULPHUR Eeargiiena a
(atypical) Eucytius eurythere o Under side.

BOISDUVALS SULPHUR eee
fucyrmees cucytheme ee oe ksi

ce ne

Furymus
eurytheme &

a THE SULPHURS-

Shi a gL tens gn el aa gS eA ay Se ME eee

ll figures slightly reduced.

XII

\
}

Ot

CO ee

ee

—

IUTTERFLI

ee ea ete

ES OF CALIFORNIA : PLATE XIV

Furyinus eurytherre ify i Albi E. eurytheme whphidusa
Aine ee pene Abile

THE FLAVID SULPHUR . 8 THE FLAVID SULPHUR
Eeurytheme amphidusaS reyrytheme amphidisa Eeurytheme amphidusa ©

Ander side.

See

7 is 2 .
E eurytheme- THE YELLOW SULPHUR = Eeurytheme eriphyle

eryphyle oF Eeurytheme eriphyle P Ukder side. §

Ease

- it
Bee COCKERELLS SULPHUR, ~ = 12.
- Eeurytheme ee Essien © GUE Leurytheme

autumnalis 3 auturmnalis F

THE SULPHURS

Habit.

ll figures slightly reduced.

CHECK LIST OF THE DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA
OF BOREAL AMERICA

WM. BARNES and F. H. BENJAMIN, Decatur, Illinois.

INTRODUCTION

Nine years have elapsed since the publication of any complete list
of North American Diurnal Lepidoptera. In the meantime many new
names have been published, and what is still more important, many
radical changes in generic names and concepts have resulted from
type fixations.

In the present list we adopt a method which we consider will
tend toward the ultimate establishment of some degree of stability of
nomenclature.

The generic names are accompanied by type designations. None
cf these are new fixations, but simply adopted by a strict course of
following the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. Scudder,
Ploetz, Butler, Godman and Salvin, Barnes and Lindsey, and Lindsey
have been responsible for the fixation of the majority of genotypes not
designated or indicated in the original descriptions. It is only justice
to state that we have been greatly assisted by these fixations, and
especially by the published and unpublished work of Dr. Lindsey.
upon which we have drawn liberally. In one factor, however, we have
deviated from most of the previous work, and that is in considering
a specific name rather than a specific organism as the genotype.
Too frequently have we found a specific name quoted as genotype
when that name was not mentioned in the original description. Some
cases involve names of typical rather than type species. Many
cases involve the quotation of a specific name in place of a supposed
synonym. Scudder’s method of bracketing the supposed syononymic
name eliminates, for the most part, what might otherwise be a real
catastrophe, for frequently subsequent changes in the synonymy have
removed names, and given them entirely different status. As long as
a name is available we quote it. Where the specific name is unavail-
able under the Code, we have given it, and then quoted a name which
we consider to be the oldest available one.

We have adopted the Htibner Tentamen, thus deviating from the
Barnes and McDunnough Check List. The matter of the Tentamen
is now under consideration by the International Commission, but
pending a settlement of the question regarding its validity, we have
deemed it best to use our own judgment. In the event the Tentamen
is proven unavailable, many of the same names will be valid from
dates 1806 et seq. because of the Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge.
There will be a number of changes if the Tentamen is ultimately
rejected, but not as many as our European friends who also reject
the generic names of all of the Hiibnerian works except the Verzeich-
niss bekannter Schmettlinge might: expect. As practically all of the
Tentamen names are quoted in the Verzeichniss in the plural, in a
Similar way to Linnaeus’ use of Papilio-Papiliones, Noctwa-Noctuae,
Bovis-Boves, etc., a rejection of the Tentamen upon any other grounds
than non-publication may only mean a somewhat later date for the
same names.

We have postponed a list of the Heterocera mainly because of
the Tentamen dispute. We feel that a list of Diurnals is now es-
sential as even the latest revisional papers pay little attenton to the
correct usage of the various generic names; quantities of specific

9
vo

names until now in use are unavailable, being homonyms already
sunk by Hiibner, Godart, and Latreille; a great quantity of erroneous
spellings and authorships can now be corrected; and a considerable
number of names, many based upon freaks, have been proposed since
the Barnes and McDunnough List, or were omitted therefrom.

We have stricken from the list a quantity of names having no
place upon a check list, and these with our reasons will be found
at the end of this paper.

In regard to authorship, we follow Article 21 of the Code rather
than Opinion 78, which in this matter contradicts the definite article
of the Code, and we list as author the first person to publish a
name “in connection with” at least an indication of what the name
represents. We do not consider that mere authorship alone amounts
to a great deal, but upon authorship hinges specific types. In regard
to these, Opinion 78 does more to confuse than to clarify the issue,
as in its own text it more or less contradicts itself and shows no real
agreement upon the part of the commissioners in regard to specimens
which constitute the types of manuscript names subsequently published
by other than the original author.

We have used a series of markings to indicate certain facts usually
omitted from check lists, but which numerous friends assure us are
of decided value.

* indicates that the organism does not occur, or is of decidedly
doubtful occurrence, within the fauna we are considering.
= means an unavailable name, usually a homonym.

In the text we have as far as possible used the subdivisions a, b, e¢,
etc., to denote geographical races which have often been listed, especially
in Europe, as var. The term’form we have applied to a variety which
exists alongside the nimotypical form or which may be a seasonal
one and we have confined the term ab. to so-called freak specimens or
sports. In many instances, of course, our grouping is more or less
tentative.

We follow the Code in bracketing authorship where the specific
name has been originally placed under another generic name than
the one here used. Personally we feel that there is little to be gained
by these brackets. Aside from the genera Papilio and Parnassius the
great bulk of the authorship stands in brackets. For the most part,
only the rarest species and the names of some recently described minor
forms and freaks escape. Even in such common and economic groups
as the Cabbage Butterflies no author of even the most minor form has
escaped a bracket. For the most part these brackets simply add two
more symbols to be printed in connection with each name. The only
real value we can assign to the brackets is a tendency toward uniform-
ity throughout Zoology. We feel that it would be better that the Zoolo-
gist dealing with the few higher organisms drop the occasional bracket
which they use than that the Entomologist should perpetually be re-
quired to bracket the authorship of the great majority of the important
names. .

We request that workers having knowledge of any name omitted
from this List, or any generic changes, will notify us so that the errors
may be corrected in a proposed catalogue upon which we are working.

Lastly we wish to acknowledge that our general text foliows close-
ly the precedent set by Augustus Radcliffe Grote whose work along
similar lines in the Heterocera has been a constant inspiration to us,
and has held before our eyes the hope that careful genotype fixa-
tions should ultimately result in a nomenclature which will not en-
tirely change with every new paper.

Decatur, Illinois, February, 1926.

—=— -

LIST OF DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA

Superfamily PAPILIONOIDEA
PAPILIONIDZA

Papilio L.

1

12 ornythion Bdadv.

a acauda Oberth. “13 aristod E
nezahualcoyotl Stkr. oe egemus oP rae a
naire CG. & Sh C1 esphontinus Martyn

b hirsuta Skin daphnis Gray

i a ponceana Schs.

*2 devilliers (Godt.) 14 glaucus L

Seen I 5 :
villiersii Bdv. & Lec. form turnus L.

3 polydamas L. tajax L. (partim.)

A ajase IL tantilochus L. (spec. fict.)
BR ae : alcidamas Cram.
ee Malo, Cage. ab. @ fletcheri Kemp
Gator ins Cran a canadensis Rk. & J.
eee Ckll : arcticus Skin.

RO AIOG mh b australis Mayn.

form curvifascia Skin. 15 rutulus Luc. ;

form ampliata Mén. ab. hospitonina LeCerf

asterioides Reak. @ arizonensis Edw. —

ab. alunata Skin. & Aar. b ammoni Behrens

ab. ehrmanni Ehr. 16 multicaudata Kirby

ab. calverleyi Gt. tdaunus Bdv. (nec Cram.)
; tae 17 eurymedon Luc.

Staplls tv. J. lewisii Kirby

c brevicauda Saund. form albanus F. & F.
anticostiensis Stkr. ab. cocklei Gunder

5 bairdii Hdw. 18 pilumnus Bdv.
utahensis Stkr. 19 troilus L.
form oregonia Edw. ab. radiatus. Stkr.
form brucei Edw. a ilioneus A. & VN.
form hollandii Hdw. texanus Ebr.

6 nitra Hdw. 20 palamedes Druw.

7 zelicaon Lue. chalcas Fabr.
zolicaon Bdv. 21 marcellus Cram.

Type Papilio machaon L.

philenor L.
astinous Dru.
ab. wasmuthii Weeks
ab. obsoleta Hhr.

californica Men.

coloro Wright

ab. impunctata Fischer
ab. formosa Fischer

ab. melanotenia Fischer

indra Reak.

*10

i141

thoas L.
a autocles R. & J.
b nealces R. & J.

cresphontes Cram.
oxilus (Hbn.)
ab. maxwelli Franck

tajax L. (partim.)
walshii Edw.

ab. abbotii Edw.

form floridensis Holl.
form telamonides F. & F.

form est. lecontei R. & J.

9 ;
a pergamus Hy. Edw. 22 celadon Luc.

*9 machaon L.
a aliaska Scud.
joannisi Verity

Parnassius Latr.
Type Papilio apollo L.
23 eversmanni Men.

wosnesenskii Mén.
a thor Hy. Edw.
nomion Fisch.
a nominulus Staud.

clodius Men.
castus Bryk
a claudianus Stich.
pseudogallatinus Bryk
ab. baldus Ehr.
kallias Ehr.
ab. altaurus Dyar
b menetriesii Hy. Hdw.
ab. immaculata Skin.
ec baldur Edw.
lusca Stich.
ab. lorquini Oberth.

ab. binigrimaculella Gunder

d gallatinus Stich.
26 smintheus Dbidy. & Hew.

rocky Stich.

ab. nanus Newm.

ab.
ab,

marie Bryk

ninuseculus Bryk
ab. ocellata Bryk
ab. quincunx Bryk
form alt. hermodur Hy.

Hdw.
pholus Bhr.
fermata Bryk
melanophorus Bryk
catullius Fruhs.
ab. nigerrima Verily
nigricans Bryk (partim.)

a apricatus Stich.

b magnus Wright
pseudocorybas Verity
minor Stich.
ranthus Ehr.

c sayii Hdw.
montanus Ehr.
utahensis Roths.
aristion Fruhs.
sordellus Fruhs.

—

mendica Stich. d behrii Edw.
minor Verity astriotes Fruhs.
verity Ebr. ab. niger Wright
ASCIIDA
Neophasia Behr 31 monuste (L.)
ne bee ha : feronia (Steph.)
Type Pieris menapia F. & F. cleomes (Bavaeulleen
27 menapia (Ff. & F.) form 9 phileta (Fabr.)
tau (Scud.) 32 beckerii (Edw.)
ninonia (Bdv.) é os
2 suffusa (Stretch) 33 sisymbrii (Bdv.)

ab. nigracosta Comst.
28 terlootii Behr

epyara Stkr.
ab. princetonia Poling

Appias Hbn.
Type Papilio zelmira Cram.
*29 ilaire (Godt.)

mysia (Godt.)
margarita (Hbn.)
molpodia (Hbn.)
poeyi Butl.
a neumoegenii
hollandi

(Skin.)
Roeber

Ascia Scop.

Type Papilio monuste L.
*30 amaryllis (Fabr.)

a josepha (G. & S.)

34

Ww
On

) napi

ab. 9 flava (Hdw.)
flavitincta (Comst.)

occidentalis (Reak.)
a calyce (Hdw.)
b nelsoni (Hdw.)

protodice (Bdv. & Lec.)
gen. vern. vernalis (Edw.)

(L.)
arctica (Verity)

a pseudobryonie (Verity)

b hulda (Hdw.)

c borealis (Grt.)

d frigida (Scud.)
pseudoleracea (Verity)
gen. wst. acadica (Edw.)

e gen. vern. oleracea ( Harr.)
hyemalis (Edw.)
gen. est. cruciferarum

(Bdv.)

casta (Kirby)

cestiva (Edw.)

f gen. vern. venosa (Scud.)
nasturtii (Bdv.)
microstriata (Comst.)
ab. 9 flava (Hdw.)
gen. est. castoria (Reak.)

iberidis (Bdv.)
ab. resede (Bdv.)
flava (Edw.)

ab. cottlei (Gunder)
h gen. vern. marginalis
(Seud.)

gen. est. pallida (Scud.)
i pseudonapi (B. & McD.)

gen. est. pallidissima (B.

& McD.)
k virginiensis (Hdw.)
37 ochsenheimeri (Stawd.)

38 rape (L.)
metra (Steph.)
immaculata (Fologne)
timmaculata (CKI11.)
Fologne)
ztimmaculata (Skin. &

(nec

Anthocharis Bdv.

Aar.) (nec Fologne, Ckll.)

gen. est. yreka (Reak.)
cestivus (Verity)

ab. ¢ novanglize (Scud.)

Nathalis Bdv.

Type Nathalis iole Bdv.

39 iole Bdv.
irene Fitch
luteolus Reak.

Euchloe Hbn.
Type Papilio belia Esp.

40 creusa (Dbldy. & Hew.)

elsa Beut.
pumilio Strd.

a hyantis (Hdw.)
pseudoausonides Verity

b orientalides Verity

ec lotta Beut.
belioides Verity

41 ausonides (Bdv.)
ab. semiflava Comst.
ab. flavidalis Comst.
a coloradensis (Hy. Edw.)
montana Verity

Zegris Rmb.
Type Papilio eupheme Hsp.

42 olympia (Hdw.)
a rosa (EHdw.)

Type Papilio genutia Fabr.

43 lanceolata Bdv.
edwardsii Behr

a australis (Grin.)

44 midea (Hbn.)
tgenutia (Fabr.) (nec
Cram.)
lherminieri (Godt.)

a flavida Skin.

eethura F. & F.
cooperii Behr
angelina Bdvy.

@ morrisoni Hdw.

b deserti Wright

pima Hdw.

a caliente Wright

sara Bdv.
mollis Wright
gen. vern. reakirtii Edw.
ab. wrighti Comst.
ab. sternitzkyi Gunder
a flora Wright
b julia Hdw.
thoosa (Scud.)
c stella Hdw.
d browningi Skin.

45

46

47

Catopsilia Hbn.

co |

*50)

Type Papilio crocale Cram.
48 senne (L.)
form eubule (L.)
marcellina (Cram.)
form @ yamana (Reak.)
form 9 pallida (Cklil.)
philea (Joh.)
aricye (Cram.)
melanippe (Cram.)
argante (Fabr.)
cipris (Cram.)
larra (Fabr.)
cnidia (Godt.)
agarithe (Bdv.)
a maxima Neum.
tfloridensis Roeber
Neum.)
statira (Cram.)
a floridensis Newm.
bracteolata (Butl.)
tcipris (Fabr.) (nec Cram.)

49

(nec

53

Amynthia Swains.

Type Papilio merula Fabr.

54 clorinde (Godt.)
godarti (Perty)
swainsonia (Swains.)

Kricogonia Reak.
Type Colias lyside Godt.

(Godt.)

lanice Lint. ( partim. )
form terissa (Luc.)
form @ unicolor G. & SN.
ranthophila Roeber
form @ fantasia Butl.
lanice Lint. (9, partim.)

bo lyside

Zerene I[Ihn.
Type Papilio cesonia Stoll

56 eurydice (Bdv.)
t wosnesenskii (Mén.)
Qlorquini (Bdv.)
Qhelena (Reak.)
ab. fannie Gunder
gen. ost. amorphe (Hy.
Bdw.)

a bernardino (H£dw.)

ab. newcombi Gunder

57 cesonia (Stoll)

tcaroliniana (Petiver)
(pré-L. )

gen. auctum. rosa (M’ Neill)
form rosea (Roeber)

Eurymus Swains.
Type Papilio hyale D. & 8.
(Edw.)
(Stkr.)
59 hecla (Lef.)
a glacialis (McLach.)
chrysothemoides (Verity)
b hela (Stkr.)
c pallida (Skin.)

(Curt.)
chione

58 meadii
a elis

60 boothii

form (Curt.)

61 eurytheme (Bdv.)
ariadne (Edw.)
keewaydin (Kdw.)
intermedia (Ck1ll.)
ab. 9 alba (Stkr.)
ab. fumosa (Stkr.)
form amphidusa (Bdv.)
californiana (Mén.)
ab. flava (Stkr.)
unicitrina Gunder
ab. 9 alba (Stkr.)
pallida (Ckll1.)
form eriphyle (Hdw.)

hagenii (Edw.)

gen. vern. autumnalis
(Ckil.)

gen. vern. kootenai

(Cockle)

62

67

69

70

=I
bo

philodice (Godt.)
teuropome (Haw.)
asp.)
ab. nig (Stkr.)
nigridice Seud,
melanic (Skin.)
nigrina (Stkr.)
ab. miscidice Scud.
nigrofasciata (Reiff)
ab. hybrida (Stkr.)
luteitincta (Wole.)
ab. virida (Stkr.)
ab. inversata (Nakahara)
ab. rothkei (eff)
form @Q plicaduta (Naka-
hara)
form 9 alba (Stkr.)
pallidice Seud.
aibinic (Skin.)
ab. suffusa (Cki1.)
nigrofasciata (Reiff)
gen. vern. anthyale (Hbn.)
occidentalis (Scud.)
a chrysomelas (Hy. Edw.)
b barbara (Hy. Edw.)
harfordii (Hy. Edw.)
ab. weavere Gunder
interior (Scud.)
a ljaurentina Scud.
christina (Hdw.)
ab. 9 pallida (Ckil.)
form astrea (EHdw.)
form gigantea (Stkr.)
pelidneides (Staud.)
alexandra (Hdw.)
ab. 9 alba (Stkr.)
pallida (Ck1ll.)
a edwardsii (Hdw.)
b emilia (Hdw.)
scudderii (Reak.)
ab. flavotinecta (Ckil.)
pelidne (Bdv. & Lec.)
a labradorensis (Scud.)
ab. g mira (Verity)
ab. 9 moeschleri (Gr. Grsh.)
b skinneri (Barnes)
c minisni (Bean)
paleno (L.)
philomene (Hbn.)
lapponica (Staud.)
twerdandi (H.-S.) (nec
Zett.)
a chippewa (Kirby)

(nee

thelena (Edw.) (nec
H.-S.)
nastes (Bdv.)
a@ rossii (Gn.)
b streckeri (Gr.-Grsh.)

ab. obscurata (Verity)
c moina (Stkr.)
cocandicides (Verity)
behrii (Edw.)
Qcanescens Comst.

Eurema Hbn.
Type Papilio tdelia Cram.
(Eurema demoditas Hbn.)
73 gundlachia (Poey)
74 proterpia (Fabr.)
75 mexicana (Bdv.)
edamaris (F. & F.)
depuiseti (Bdv.)
ab. biedermanni Hhr.
76 boisduvaliana (Ff. & F.)
ingrata (R. Feld.)
7 nicippe (Cram.)
ab. flava (Stkr.)
78 westwoodii (Bdv.)
tdina Gey. (nec Poey)
79 lisa (Bdv. & Lec.)

* euterpe (Mén.)
form clappii (Mayn.)
form @ alba (Stkr.)
80 linda (Hdw.)
81 demoditas Hbn.
tdelia (Cram.)
D.&S.)
daira (Godt.)
jJucunda (Bdv. & Lec.)
ebriola (Poey)
*ab. 9 albina (Poey)
83 blakei (Mayn.)

(nee

ioe)
bo

Dismorphia Hbn.

Type Papilio laia Cram.

*84 melite (Joh.)

DANAIDZA

Danaus L.
Type Papilio plexippus L.
85 menippe (Hbn.)

tplecippus Auct. (L.
partim. )

tarchippus (Fabr.) (nee

Cram.)

2megalippe (Hbn.)
pulchra (Stkr.)
ab. fumosus (HIst.)
86 berenice (Cram.)
a strigosa (Bates)
ab. kerri Comst.

Lycorea Dbldy.
Type Lycorea atergatis
Dbldy. & Hew.
87 cleobea (Godt.)
form atergatis Dbldy. &
Hew.

Mechanitis Fabr.

Type Papilio
Nereis Hbn.
Type Papilio polymnia L.

polymnia L.

*88 lycidice Bates

*q isthmia Bates
californica Reak.

Dircenna Dbldy..

Type Dircenna iambe
Dbldy. & Hew.
89 klugii (Gey.)

Dynothea Reak.

Type Papilio lycaste Fabr.

*9() lycaste (Fabr.)

*q negreta Reak

SATY RIDA

Enodia Hbn.
Type Oreas andromacna
Hbn.
91 portlandia (Fabr.)
a andromacha (Hbn.)
92 creola (Skin.)

Neonympha Hhbn.
Type Oreas helicta Hbn.
93 gemma Hbn.
2cornelius (Fabr.)
94 henshawi (Hdw.)
95 areolatus (A. &NS.)
Ephocion (Fabr.) (nec
Fabr.)
helicta (Hbn.)
a septentrionalis Davis
?helicta (Hbn.) (partim.)

9

Megisto Hbn.

Type Papilio teurytus Fabr.
(=—Papilio cymela Cram.)
96 mitchellii (French)

“97 hermes (fabr.)

canthe (Hbn.)

form sosybius (Fabr.)
98 cymela (Cramv.)

xeurytus (Fabr.)

viola (Mayn.)
99 rubricata (Hdw.)

(nec L.)

Paramecera Butl.

Type Neonympha xicaque
Reak.

100 xicaque (Reak.)

epinephele (KF. & F.)

Satyrodes Seud.

Type Papilio eurydice Joh.
tArogus Seop.
Type Papilio eurydice Joh.

101-eurydice (Joh.)
canthus (L.)
cantheus (Godt.)
transmontana (Gosse)
boisduvalii (Harr.)
a fumosus Leuss.

Coenonympha I[Ihn.

Type Papilio geticus Esp.
102 california West. & Hew.
ceres Butl.
form galactinus (Bdv.)
ab. pulla Hy. Edw.
a eryngii Hy. Edw.
gen. vern. siskiyouensis
Comst.
103 Kodiak Edw.
a yukonensis Holl.
104 inornata Hdw.
105 ampelos Edw.
a elko Fuw.
106 ochracea Edw.
brenda Edw.
*107 pamphilus (L.)
pamphiloides Reak.
108 haydenii (Hdw.)

Neominois Scud.

Type Satyrus ridingsii Edw.

109 ridingsii (Hdw.)
stretchii (Edw.)

a dionysus Scud.
ashtaroth (Stkr.)

Cercyonis Scud.
(Speyer ms.)
Type Papilio alope Fabr.
110 pegala (Fabr.)

111 pee (Fabr.)

maritima (EHdw.)

texana (Hdw.)

C Se nTeTs (Kirby)

d olympus (EHdw.)
ino Hall

e boopis (Behr)
ariane (Bdy.) (partim.)
form baroni (EHdw.)
form incana (Edw.)

ariane (Bdv.) (partim.)
gabbii (Edw.)

>
So

~

114
115
116

117

118
119

135
136

form Q stephensi (Wright) 137

a wheeleri (#dw.)
hoffmani (Stkr.)
meadii (Hdw.)

10

138

139

(Grinnell)
(Bdv.)
silvestris (/dww.)
okius (Oberth.)
a paulus (Ldw.)
oetus (Bdv.)
charon (Edw.)
a phocus (Ldw.)

behrii
sthenele

Oeneis Ibn.

Type Papilio norna Thun.
macounii (Hdw.)
nevadensis (fF. & F.)

gigas Butl.

californica (Bdvy.)

form iduna (Hdw.)
chryxus (Dbldy. & Hew.)

a calais (Scud.)
b ivallda (Mead)

| jutta (Hbn.)

balder (Guér.)
a alaskensis Holl.
uhleri (Reak.)
a varuna (Hdw.)

nahanni Dyar

daura (Stkr.)

a alberta H#. & EH.

b oslari (Skin.)

norna (Thun.)

a caryi Dyar

cairnesi Gibson

taygete Gey.
bootes (Bdy.)

peartie (Hdw.)

polixenes (Fabr.)
crambis (Frey.)

a subhyalina (Curt.)

b assimilis Butl.

c katahdin (Newe.)

melissa (Fabr.)

a ?o0eno (Bdv.)

b semidea (Say)
eritiosa (Bdv.)
form nigra (Edw.)

c arctica Gibson

brucei (Hdw.)

a@ yukonensis Gibson

simulans Gibson

beanii #. & E.

lucilla B. & McD.

Erebia Dalm.

Type Papilio ligea lL.
discoidalis (Kirby)
fasciata Butl.
rossii (Cuwrt.)
disa (Thun.)

a macinus Dbildy. & Hew.
vidleri Hlwes

140 epipsodea Buwtl.

rhodia Kdw.
a brucei Hlwes
sineocellata Skin.
youngi Holl.
magdalena Stkr.

tyndarus (Hsp.)
a callias Edw.

141
142
#143

144 sofia Stkr.
ethela Kdw.
a alaskensis Holl.

Gyrocheilus Butl.
Type Pronophila patrobas
Hew.
*145 patrobas (Hew.)
a tritonia Edw.

NYMPHALIDZ

EUIDINZ:

Migonitis Hbn.
Type Papilio erato L.
146 charithonia (L.)

Colenis Hbn.
Type Papilio julia Fabr.
*147 julia (Fabdr.)
alcionea (Cram.)
a delila (Fabr.)

Dione Hbn.
Type Papilio juno Cram.
*148 vanille (L.)
passiflore (Fabr.)
a insularis (Mayn.)
ab. comstocki Gunder

NYMPHALINZ
Euptoieta Dbldy.

Type Papilio claudia Cram.
149 claudia (Cram.)

daunius (Hbst.)
150 hegesia (Cram.)

Dryas Hbn.
Type Papilio paphia L.
151 idalia (Drw.)
ab. ashtaroth ( Fish.)
tastarte (Fish.) (nec
Dbldy.)
infwmata (Oberth.)
diana (Cram.)
nokomis (Hdw.)
nitocris (EKdw.)
nigrocerulea (W. P. & T.
D. A. CkIll.)
a cerulescens (Holl.)
apacheana (Skin.)
ab. hermosa (Comst.)
leto (Behr)
ab. letis (Wright)
a charlottii (Barnes)
cybele (Fabr.)
daphnis (Cram.)
ab. baal (Stkr.)
ab. bartschi (Reiff)
a carpenterii (Hdw.)
aphrodite (Fabr.)
tdaphnis (Martyn) (nec
Cram. )

152
153

154

155

a alcestis (Hdw.)
ab. suffusa (Wolc.)
b cypris (Hdw.)
ce columbia (Hy. Edw.)
lais (Hdw.)
nausicaa (Hdw.)
arizonensis (Elwes)
atlantis (Hdw.)
ab. chemo (Scud.)
a nikias (Hhr.)
hesperis (Hdw.)
2 electa (Hdw.)
cornelia (Edw.)
chitone (Hdw.)
bremnerii (Hdw.)
a hippolyta (Hdw.)
pehrensii (Mdw.)
zerene. (Bdv.)
_ form conchyliatus (Comst.)
a monticola (Behr)
hydaspe (Bdv.)
ab. caliginosa (Comst.)
a@ purpurascens (Hy. Edw.)
ab. shastaensis (Oomst.)
b rhodope (Edw.)
ab. sordida (Wright)
c sakuntala (Skin.)
cottlei (Comst.) (ab. ?)
irene (Bdw.)
viridicornis (Comst.) ~
nevadensis (Hdw.)
a calgariana (McD.)
b semivirida (McD.)
c meadii (Hdw.)
edwardsii (Reak.)
platina (Skin.)
halcyone (Hdw.)
a@ picta (McD.)
snyderi (Skin.)
a californica (Skin.)
b gunderi (Comst.)
prec. ?)
adiaste (Behr)
adiante (Bdv.)
a clemencei (Comst.)
prec. ?)
b atossa (Hdw.)
form tejonica (Comst.)
c semiramis (Hdw.)
callippe (Bdv.)
comstocki (Gunder)

(syn.

(syn,

176

11

185

} mormonia

7 coronis (Behr)

liliana (Hy. Edw.)
ab. baroni (Ldw.)

srupestris (Behr)

juba (Bdv.)
laura (Edw.)
a inornata (Hdw.)
macaria (Hdw.)
a laurina (Wright)
utahensis (Skin.)
montivaga (Behr)
egleis (Bdv.)
ab. mammothi (Gunder)
a maleombi (Comst.)
b tehachapina (Comst.)
c oweni (Hdw.)
(Bdv.)
arge (Stkr.)
a erinna (Hdw.)
ab. cunninghami
bischoffii (2dw.)
a opis (2dw.)
b washingtonia (B. & McD.)
eurynome (Edw.)
a clio (#Hdw.)
artonis (Edw.)
teris (Igel) (nec Meigen)
b luski (B. & McD.)

(Owen)

Brenthis Hbn.

186

*187

*188

Type Papilio hecate D. & S.
myrina (Cram.)
myrissa (Godt.)
ab. nubes Scud.
ab. serratimarginata Gunder
a tollandensis B. & Benj.
euphrosyne (L.)
a andersoni Dyar
2morrisii Reak.
aphirape (Hbn.)
eunomia (Esp.)
tomyris (Hbst.)
a triclaris (Hbyn.)
lais (Scud.)
b alticola B. & McD.
ec dawsoni B. & McD.
kriemhild (Stkr.)
laurenti (Skin.)
helena (Edw.)
a ingens B. & McD.
montinus (Scud.)
chariclea (Schneid.)
*q boisduvalii (Dup.)
oenone (Scud.) (ssp. dist.?)
rainieri B. & McD.
grandis B. & McD.
arctica (Zett.)
obscurata (McLach.)
gronlandica (Skin.)
f butleri (EHdw.)
pales (D. & S.)
a alaskensis Holl.

12

*194

195
196

#197

198

200
201
202

203

204

freija (Thun.)
lapponica (Msp.)
freya (Godt.)
a tarqninius (Curt.)
natazhati Gibson
polaris (Bdv.)
a americana (Strd.)
frigga (Thun.)
a saga (Staud.)
b sagata B. & Benj.
ec improba (Butl.)
youngi Holl.
d alaskensis (Lehm.)
bellona (Fabr.)
zemyrina (Martyn) (nee
Cram. )
ab. fasciata (Ckll.)
ab. kleenei Watson
epithore (Hdw.)
ab. eldorado Strd.
ab. wawone Gunder
ab. obscuripennis Gunder
alberta (Hdw.)
distincta Gibson
astarte (Dbidy. & Hew.)
victoria (Edw.)

Kuphydryas Seud.

Type Papilio phaéton Dru.
phaeton (Druw.)
phaétena (Hbn.)
phaetontea (Godt.)
phedon (H.-S.)
ab. superba (Stkr.)
ab. phaethusa (/HIst.)
ab. streckeri (HIlsw.)
chalcedona (Dbidy. & Hew.)
ab. fusimacula (Barnes)
grundeli (Cool.)
ab. lorquini (Oberth.)
ab. supratusa Comst.
ab. supranigrella Comst.
ab. fusisecunda Comst.
ab. hemimelanica Comst.
ab. mariana (Barnes)
ab. omniluteofuscus Gunder
ab. hemiluteofuscus Gunder
a dwinellei (Hy. Edw.)
macglashanii (Rivers)
b olancha (Wright)
colon (Hdw.)
ab. huellemanni Comst.
ab. nigrisupernipennis
Gunder
cooperi (Behr)
perdiceas (Hdw.)
baroni (E£dw.)
edithana (Strd.)
ab. mirabilis (Wright)
quino (Behr)
augusta (Edw.)
ab. augustina (Wright)

210 rubicunda (Hy. Edw.)
ab. rubrosuffusa Comst
ab. foxi Gunder
ab. albiradiata Gunder 235
nubigena (Behr)
a colonia (Wright)
b beani (Skin.) 236
ab. blackmorei (Gunder)
editha (Bdv.)
ab. fieldi Gunder
taylori (Hdw.)
ab. victories Gunder
helvia (Scud.)
Sierra (Wright)
ab. magdelene Gunder
ab. umbrobasana Gunder
wheeleri (Hy. Edw.)
hermosa (Wright)
bernadetta Leuwss. 241
maria (Skin.)
magdalena (B. & McD.)
anicia (Dbidy. & Hew.)
eurytion (Mead)
brucei (Edw.)
ab. melanodisca (Comst.) 243
a capella (Barnes)
ab. rubrolimbata (Comst.)
ab. oslari Gunder
222 gillettii (Barnes)
glacialis (Skin.)

Lemonias Hbn.

211

212
213

214
215

216
217
218
219
220
221

244

dymas (Hdw.)
larunda (Stkr.)
4senrabii (Barnes)
chara (Hdw.)
ab. jacintoi (Gunder)
ab. nitela (Comst.)
leanira (fF. & F.)
form leona (Wright)
form obsoleta (Hy. Hdw.)
tobliterata (Stkr.) (lapsus
calami )
wrightii (Hdw.)
ab. carolyne (Gunder)
cyneas (G. & S.)
alma (Stkr.)
cerrita (Wright)
fulvia (Hdw.)
ab. sinefascia (Wms.)
theona (Meén.)
a thekla (Edw.)
b bollii (Edw.)
definita (Aaron)
schausi (G. & S.)
ab. albiplaga (Aaron)
pola (Bdv.)
@ arachne (Hdw.)
ab. polingi (Gunder)
b monache (Comst.)
minuta (Hdw.)
approximata (Stkr.)
a nympha (Hdw.)

Type Papilio maturna L. Phyciodes Hbn.

223 sterope (Hdw.)
224 neumoegeni (Skin.)
225 gabbii (Behr)
sonore (Bdv.)
ab. newcombi (Comst.)
ab. gunderi (Comst.)
ab. pasadene (Gunder)
a sabina (Wright)
226 malcolmi (Comst.)
227 acastus (Hdw.)
ab. pearle (Gunder)
228 flavula (B. & McD.)
229 demcetas (Skin.)
230 palla (Bdv.)
calydon (Mead)
ab. wardi (Oberth.)
ab. blackmorei Gunder
form 9 eremita (Wright) 250
ab. stygiana (Comst.)
a whitneyi (Behr)
230-1 hoffmanni (Behr)
helcita (Bdv.)
ab. abnorma (Wright)
a segregata (B. & McD.)
bridgei (Comst.)
231 harrisii (Scud.)
232 callina (Bdv.)
ulrica (Hdw.)
immitata (Stkr.)
perse (Hdw.)

245

251

7)
v0

13

Type Papilio cocyta Cram.
ismeria (Bdv. & Lec.)
tgorgone (Hbn.)>:
(partim; ¢)
carloia (Reak.)
ab. nigra Cary
nycteis (Dbidy. & Hew.)
oenone (Scud.)
a drusius Hdw.
hanhami Fletch.
vesta Edw.
hiemalis Edw.
form estiva Edw.
gorgone (Hbn.) (partim.;9)
phaon (Edw.)
cestiva Edw.
form hiemalis Edw.
thebais G. & SN.
arida (Skin.)
tharos (Druw.)
morpheus (Fabr.)
tharossa (Godt.)
cocyta (Cram.)
selenis (Kirby)
pulchella (Bdv.)
ab. packardii (Saund.)
ab. reaghi Reiff
form vern. marcia (Hdw.)
a pascoensis Wright
ab. nigrescens Hall

form 9 herse Hall
252 batesii (Reak.)
campestris (Behr)
4 pratensis (Behr)
254. camillus Ld.
emissa Edw.
ab. tristis Ckil.
ab. rohweri Cklil.
montana (Behr)
orsa (Bdv.)
256 orseis Hdw.
picta Ndw.

canace Edw.
ab. jemezensis Brehme
258 mylitta (Hdw.)

collina (Behr)
epula (Bdv.)
a pallida (Hdw.)
ab. mata (Reak.)
b barnesi Skin.

Anthanassa Scud.

Type FEresia cincta Edw.

259 frisia (Poey)
guges (Hew.)
260 texana (Hdw.)
smerdis (Hew.)
a seminole (Skin.)
261 tulcis (Bates)
genigueh (Reak.)
archesilea (R. Feld.)
punctata (Edw.)
*262 cincta (Edw.)
Chlosyne Butl.
Type Papilio janais Dru.
263 erodyle (Bates)
264 janais (Dru.)
*265 lacinia (Gey.)

a adjutrix Scud.
nigra (Ckll.) (partim.)
bicolor (Ckll.) (partim.)
rufa (Ckll.) (partim.)

b rufescens (Edw.)

c crocale (Edw.)
nigra (Ckll.)
bicolor (Ckll.) (partim.)
rufa (Ckll.) (partim.)

d nigrescens (Ckil.)

266 californica (Wright)
ab. chinoi Gunder
267 endeis (G. & S.)
Microtia Bates

(partim.)

Type Microtia elva Bates

268 elva Bates

Mestra Hbn.

Type Mestra hypermnestra

Hbn.
269 amymone (Weén.)
270 cana (Erichs.)
floridana (Stkr.)
Hypolimnas Hbn.
Type Papilio pipleis L.

271 misippus (L.)

Polygonia Ibn.
Type Papilio c-aureum L.
272 interrogationis (/abr.)
umbrosa (Lint.)
crameri (Seud.)
form fabricii (Ldw.)
73 comma (Harris)
harrisii. (Edw.)
form dryas (£dw.)
274 satyrus (H#Hdw.)
form chrysoptera (Wright)
a marsyas (£dw.)
275 faunus (Hdw.)
virescens Scud.
a rusticus (Edw.)
Qsilvius (Edw.)
276 hylas (H#Hdw.)
277 zephyrus (£dw.)
thiodamas Scud.
278 silvius (Hdw.)
279 gracilis (G. & R.)
280 oreas (EHdw.)
a silenus (Hdw.)
progne (Cram.)
c-argenteum (Wirby)
ab. martinee Coleman
form l-argenteum Scud.

Hamadryas Hbn.
Type Papilio io L.

282 j-album (Bdv. & Lec.)

ab. aureomarginata (CkKIl.)
a watsoni (flall)
californica (Bdv.)
284 milberti (Godt.)

furcillata (Say)

form subpallida (Ckil.)
antiopa (L.)

pompadour (Poll.)

ab. grandis (Hhr.)

ab. obscura (CkKIl.)

ab. hippolyta (Lym.)

ab. hygiea (Heydenr.)

lintnerii (Fitch)
a hyperborea (Seitz)

Cynthia Fabr.
Type Papilio cardui L.
286 atalanta (L.)
admiralis (Retz)
ab. edwardsi (Grin.)
287 virginiensis (Druw.)
zbelledonna (Petiver)
(pre-L. )
huntera (Fabr.)
iole (Cram.)
hunteri (Hbn.)
ab. fulvia (Dodge)
ab. ahwashtee (Fox)
ab. massachusettensis
(Gunder )

14

288 cardui (L.)

£belledonna (Petiver)
(pre-L. )

carduelis (Seba)
ab. minor (CkKil.)
ab. elymi (Ramb.)
ab. ate (Stkr.)

289 carye (Hbn.)
charie (Blanch.)
ab. intermedia (Grin.)
ab. mueileri (Letch.)
ab. letcheri (Grin.)

Junonia Hbn.

Ageronia Hbn.

Type Papilio chloé Stoll.
302 fornax Hobn.
303 feronia (L.)

Timetes Bdv.

Type Timetes merops Bdvy.
304 coresia (Godt.)

zerynthia (Hbn.)

sylla (Perty)
305 chiron (Fabr.)

marius (Cram.)

chironias (Hbn.)

Type Papilio lavinia Cram.

290 cena Hobn.
ab. schraderi Gunder

ab. weidenhammeri Polacek

a nigrosuffusa B. & McD.
291 genoveva (Cram.)

Anartia Hbn.

Type Papilio jatrophe Joh.

292 jatrophe (Joh.)
a saturata Staud.
jamaicensis Moesch.
293 fatima (Fabr.)

Victorina Blanch.
Type Papilio stelenes L.
294 stelenes (L.)
sthenele (Hbn.)
a biplagiata Fruhst.
form pallida Fruhst.

Hypanartia Hbn.
Type Hypanartia tecmesia
Hbn.
295 lethe (F abr.)
demonica Hbn.

Eunica Hbn.

Type Papilio monima Cram.

296 monima (Cram.)
myrto (Godt.)
modesta Bates

297 tatila H.-S.
cerula G. & S.

Myscelia Dbldy.
Type Papilio orsis Dru.
298 ethusa (Bdv.)
cyanecula F. & F.
299 skinneri Mengel

Dynamine Hbn.

Type Papilio mylitta Cram.

300 dyonis Gey.

Diethria Billb.
Type Papilio clymena
(Cram. )
301 clymena (Cram.)

Athena Hbn.
Type Papilio tthetys Fabr.
(=Papilio petreus Cram.)
306 petreus (Cram.)
tpeleuws (Sulz) (nec L.)
tihetys (Fabr.) (nec Rott.)
*307 pellenis (Godt.)

Basilarchia Scud.
Type Callianira ephestiena
Hbn.
£Callianira Hbn.
Type Callianira ephestiena
Hbn.
308 arthemis (Druw.)
lamina (Fabr.)
ab. rufescens (Cxill.)
ab. arthechippus Scud.
a rubrofasciata B. & McD.
b proserpina (Hdw.)
c astyanax (Fabr.)
ephestion (Stoll)
ursula (Fabr.)
ephestiena (Hbn.)
ab. cerulea (EHhr.)
ab. rubidus (Stkr.)
form viridis (Stkr.)
form atlantis Nakahara
form inornata Nakahara
form albofasciata (Newe.)
ab. benjamini Nakahara
d. arizonensis (Hdw.)
weidemeyrii (Hdw.)
a nevade B. & Benj.
b sinefascia (Hdw.)
form norm. angustifascia
B. & McD.
lorquini (Bdv.)
ab. eavesii (Hy. Edw.)
ab. comstocki Gunder
a burrisonii (Mayn.)
311 archippus (Cran.)
disippe (Godt. )
ab. pseudodorippus (Stkr.)
ab. lanthanis Cook & Wats.
ab. advena (Hllsw.)
cayuga Nakahara

310

15

a floridensis (Stkr.)

eros (Edw.)
ab, halli Wats. & Comst.
form nig (Stkr.)

nigricans (Stkr.)
312 obsoleta (Hdi.)
hulstii (Edw.)

Heterochroa Lily.
Type Heterochroa serpa
Bdv.
3138 bredowii (Gey.)
eulalia (Dbldy. & Hew.)
a californica Butl.

Celtiphaga B. & L.

Type Apatura celtis Bdy.

Lec.
314 celtis (Bdv. & Lec.)
alb (Stkr.) (partim.)
ab. alb (Stkr.)
ab. inornata (Wolc.)
a alicia (Edw.)
b antonia (Hdw.)
c montis (Hdw.)
315 leilia (#dw.)

(partim.)

ab. nig (Stkr.)

form proserpina (Secud.)
a flora (Mdw.)
b texana (Skin.)
ce subpallida (B. & McD.)

Smyrna Ibn.
Type Smyrna blomfildii
Hbn.
*317 karwinskii Gey.

Historis Ibn.
Type Papilio odius Fabr.
*318 odius (F'abr.)
orion (Fabr.)
& dane (Cram.)
*319 acheronta (fF abr.)
cadmus (Cram.)
pherecydes (Cram.)

Anza Hhbn.
Type Papilio troglodyta
Fabr.
320 andria Scud.
ops (Druce)

cocles (Lint.) 321 portia (Fabr.)
316 clyton (Bdv. & Lec.) 322 aidea (Guwer.)
ocellata (Edw.) morrisoni ( Holl.)
LIBYTHEIDA
Libythea Fabr. motya Bdyv. & Lec.
Type Papilio celtis Fuess. (partim. )
323 bachmanii Wirt. form larvata Stkr.
RIODINIDZ&

Apodemia F. & F.

Type Lemonias
KF. & FE.

mormo (F. & F.)
dumeti (Behr)
mormonia (Bdvy.)

a virgulti (Behr.)
sonorensis F. & F.
cythera (Edw.)

b mejicanus (Behr)
duryi (Edw.)

ce deserti B. & McD.

25 palmerii (Hdw.)
form marginalis (Skin.)

a hepburni G. & S.

26 multiplaga Schs.

7 nais (Edw.)

28 phyciodoides B. & Benj.

MOrno

Emesis Fabr.

Type Hesperia ovidius
Fabr.

*329 zela Butt.
a ares (Edw.)
form cleis (Edw.)

Lasaia Bates
‘ Type Papilio meris Cram.
330 narses Staud.

Caria Hbn.
Type Caria colubris Hbn.
*331 domitianus (fF abr.)
a ino G. & S.
melicerta Schs.

Lephelisca B. & L.
Type Erycina virginiensis
Guer.
virginiensis (Guer.)
pumila (Bdv. & Lec.)
3 borealis (G. & R.)
4 nemesis (Hdw.)
australis (Edw.)
guadeloupe (Stkr.)
perditalis (B. & McD.)

16

LYCHNIDA ~*

THECLINA

Bumeus Hbn.
Type Rusticus minyas Hbn.

336
337

atala (Poey)
minyas (Hbn.)
toxea (Godt.)

Habrodais Scud.

338

Type Thecla grunus Badv.

grunus (Bdv.)

Atlides Hbn.

Type Papilio halesus Cram.

339

halesus (Cram.)
dolichos Hbn.
juanita (Scud.)

Hypaurotis Scud.

340

Type Thecla chrysalus Edw.

chrysalus (£dw.)
a citima (Hdw.)

Strymon Hbn.

*341

342
343
344
345
346

347

348
349

350

Type Chrysophanus mopsus ao

Hbn.
hugon (Godt.)
hugo (Dbldy. & Hew.)
jada (Hew.)
telea (Hew.)
critola (Hew.)
martialis (H.-S.)
acis (Dru.)
mars (Fabr.)
simethis (Drw.)
sarita (Skin.)
tlycus (Skin.) (lapsus
calami)
pastor Butl. & Druce
cecrops (Fabr.)
poeas (Hbn.)
columella (Fabr.)
eurytuius (Hbn.)
istapa (Reak.)
salona (Hew.)
modesta (Mayn.)
ocellifera (Grt.)
laceyi (B. & McD.)
clytie (Hdw.)
mevia (G. & S.)
azia (Hew.)
leda (Hdw.)
a ines (Hdw.)
avalona (Wright)
m-album (Bdv. & Lec.)
psyche (Bdv. & Lec.)
melinus Hbn.
hyperici (Bdv. & Lec.)
humuli (Harr.)
a pudica (Hy. Hdw.)
b atrofasciata McD.

358

359

360
361
362

363

364

376

favonius (A. & VN.)
autolycus (Hdw.)
a ilavia (Beut.)
mirabelle (Barnes)
ontario (Hdw.)
alcestis (Hdw.)
oslari (Dyar)
titus (Fabr.)
mopsus (Hbn.)
a immaculosus Comst.
acadica (Hdw.)
souhegon (Whit.)
ab. muskoka Wats. & Comst.
ab. swetti Wats. & Comst.
a coolinensis Wats. & Comst.
b montanensis Wats. & Comst.
californica (Hdw.)
borus (Bdv.)
cygnus (Edw.)
dryope (Hdw.)
sylvinus (Bdv.)
a itys (Hdw.)
b putnami (Hy. Edw.)
ce desertorum Grin.
edwardsii (Saund.)
tfabricui (Kirby)
calami)
wittfeldii (Hdw.)
calanus (Hbn.)
falacer (Godt.)
lorata (G. & R.)
inorata (G. & R.)

(lapsus

1 heathii (Fletch.)
2 liparops (Bdv. & Lec.)

a strigosa ( Harr.)
auretorum (Bdv.)
tetra (Edw.)
tacita (Hy. Edw.)
a spadix (Hy. Edw.)
adenostomatis (Hy. Edw.)
sepium (Bdv.)
form fulvescens (Hy. Edw.)
form chlorophora Wats. &
Comst.
form provo Wats. & Comst.
chalcis (Hdw.)

Mitoura Seud.

377

378
on
ol

17

Type Thecla smilacis Bdv.
& Lec.
spinetorum (Hew.)
ninus (Hdw.)
cuyamaca Wright
johnsoni (Skin)

9 nelsoni (Bdv.)

ab. exoleta (Hy. EHdw.)
a muiri (Hy. Hdw.)

siva (dw.)

rhodope (G. & 8S.)
a juniperaria Comst.
xami (Reak.)

blenina (Hew. )

382 gryneus (/7bn,)
tdamon (Cram.) (nee D,
& S.)
damastus (Godt.)
auburniana (Harr.)
(partim.)

form smilacis (Bdv. & Lec.)

auburniana (Harr.)
(partim.)
patersonia (Brehme)
a castalis (2dw.)
discoidalis (Skin.)
form brehmei B. & Benj.

383 loki ( Skin.)

Incisalia Seud:
Type Licus niphon Hbn.
384 augustinus ( West.)
taugustus (Wirby) (nec
Fabr.)
cresioides Seud.
385 iroides (Bdv.)
ab. immaculata (Cockle)
386 irus (Godt.)
arsace- (Bdv. & Lec.)
ab. balteata Scud.
387 hadros Cook & Wats.
388 henrici (G. & R.)
a solatus Cook & Wats.
389 mossii (Hy. Edw.)
390 polios Cook & Wats.
ab. davisi Wats. & Comst.
391 fotis (Stkr.)
392 eryphon (Bdv.)
393 niphon (Hbn.)

Callophrys Billb.
Type Papilio rubi L.
394 dumetorum (Bdv.)
viridis (Edw.)
a perplexa B. & Benj.
395 affinis (Hdw.)

396 sheridani (Hdw.)
a neoperplexa B. & Benj.

397 apama (Edw.)
a homoperplexa B. & Benj.

Erora Scud.
Type Thecla leta Edw.

398 leta (EHdw.)
Qclothilde (Edw.)

Callipsyche Seud.

Type Thecla behrii Edw.
399 behrii (Edw.)

kali (Stkr.)

ab. nigroinita Gunder

Satyrium Scud.
Type Lycaena fuliginosa
Edw.
400 fuliginosa (Hdiw.)
suasa (Bdy.)

Feniseca (rt.
Type Hesperia tarquinius
Fabr.
401 tarquinius (Fabr.)
crategi (Bdy. & Lee.)
porsenna (Sceud.)
ab. suffusa Dean

LYCHNINZ

Tharsalea Seud.

Type Polyommatus arota

Bdvy.
402 arota (Bdv.)
a nubila Comst.

403 virginiensis (Fdw.)
404 hermes (£dw.)

del-sud (Wright)

Lycena Fabr.
Type Papilio phleas L.
405 gorgon (Bdv.)
406 dione (Scud.)
407 xanthoides (Bdv.)
form luctuosa (Wats. &
Comst.)
408 editha (Mead)
409 thoé (Guecr.)
410 mariposa (Reak.)
zeroe (Bdv.)
411 nivalis (Bdv.)
ianthe (Edw.)
412 helloides (Bdv.)
castro (Reak)
: a florus (Hdw.)
413 dorcas Kirby
414 epixanthe (Bdv. & Lec.)
a phedrus (Hall)
415 hypophleas (Bdv.)
americana Harr.
ab. octomaculata (Dean)
ab. banksi (Wats. & Comst.)
ab. fulliolus (#HIst.)
ab. fasciata Stkr.
ab. obliterata (Seud.)
ceca (Reiff)
tobsoleta (B. & McD.)
(lapsus calami)
a arethusa (Dod)
b feildeni (McLach.)
416 cupreus (Hdw.)
ab. maculinita (Gunder)
417 snowi (Edw.)

18

418 rubidus (Behr)
a sirius (Hdw.)
419 heteronea Bdv. 431
ab. coloradensis (Gunder)
a clara Hy. Edw.

PLEBEJIN A 432

Leptotes Scud.
Type Lycena theonus Luce.
*420 theonus (Luc.)
a floridensis (Morr.)
striata (EHdw.)
421 marina (Redak.)
ab. violacea Gunder

433

434

Brephidium Scud.

Type Lycena exilis Badv.
422 exilis (Bdv.)

fea (Edw.)

ab. coolidgei Gunder

423 isophthalma (4H.-S.)
pseudofea (Morr.)

Hemiargus Hbn.
Type Hemiargus antibubas- 436

tus Hbn. EAS
424 eatilina (Fabdr.)
425 hanno (Stoll) 438

antibubastus Hbn.
tbubastus Hbn. (nec Cram.)
filenus (Poey)
psuedoptiletes (Bdv. &
Lec.)
philenus (Poey)
astenidas (Luc.)
(¢; partim.)
astenidia Beth.-Baker
426 gyas (EHdw.)
astragala (Wright)
florencia (Clemence)
a zacheina (Butl. & Druce)

(@; partim.)
427 cyna (Hdw.) 439
mela (Stkr.)
428 isola (Reak.)
zacheina (Butl. & Druce) 449
(9; partim.)
alce (Edw.) 441
Everes Hbn.
Type Papilio tamyntas
ID, ee Ik
(=—Papilio argiades Pall.)
429 comyntas (Godt.) 442
sissona (Wright)
ab. watermani Nakahara
a herrii (Grin.)
430 amyntula (Bdv.) 443

19

Plepeiselt

Type Papilio argus L.
scudderii (Hdw.)
a aster (Hdw.)
b kodiak (Hdw.)
c annetta (Hdw.)
melissa (Hdw.)
a lotis (Lint.)
anna (Hdw.)
cajona (Reak.)
argyrotozus (Behr)
philemon (Bdv.)

aquilo (Bdv.)
franklinii (Curt. )
a rustica (Hdw.)

b podarce (F. & F.)
tehama (Reak.)
cilla (Behr)
nestos (Bdv.)
sepiolus (Bdv.)
form rufescens (Bdv.)
form alt. ehaja (Behr)
a insulanus Blackmore
b hilda (Grin.)
amica (Hdw.)
optilete (Anoch)
a yukona (Holil.)
icarioides (Bdv.)
phileros (Bdv.)
fulla (Edw.)
?mintha (Hdw.)-
ab. dedalus (Behr)
ab. spinimaculata Gunder
a helios (Hdvw.)
b evius (Bdv.)
c ardea (Hdw.)
d iycea (Hdw.)
rapahoe (Reak.)
e pembina (Hdw.)
f blackmorei B. & McD.
g montis Blackmore
maricopa (Reak.)
pardalis (Behr)
erymus (Bdv.)
pheres (Bdv.)
ab. orcus (Edw.)
shasta (Hdw.)
zelmira (F. & F.)
calcas (Behr)
nivium (Bdv.)
a comstocki Fox
b minnehaha (Scud.)
acmon (West. & Hew.)
antegon (Bdv.)
a cottlei (Grin.)
ab. labecula Wats. & Comst.
lupini (Bdv.)

$44 monticola (Clemence)
ab. malcolmi Gunder
ab. pallida Gunder
(Skin,)
carolyna Comst.

445 chlorina
form

146 emigdionis (Grin.)
melimona (Wright)

(Skin.)

447 neurona

Philotes Scud.
Type Lucana regia Bdv.
pattoides (Behr)
a oregonensis B. & McD.
b bernardino B. & McD.
ab. baldyensis Gunder
glaucon (E£dw.)
a intermedia B. & McD.
b eentralis B. & McD.
enoptes (Bdv.)
a ancilla B. & McD.
(B. & McD.)
mohave Wats. & Comst.
spaldingi B. & McD.
speciosa (Hy. Edw.)
sonorensis (FF. & F.)
regia (Bdv.)
ab. sonoralba Wats. &
Comst.
form comstocki Gunder

Phedrotes Seud.

148

449

rita

Type Lycena catalina Reak.

455 piasus (Bdv.)
sagittigera (F. & F.)
viaca (Edw.)
tlorquini (Behr)

H.-S.)
a catalina (Reak.)
rhea (Bdv.)
ab. gorgonioi Gunder
b daunia (E£dw.)

(mec.

Glaucopsyche Seud.

Type Polyommatus lygda-
mus Dbldy.

456 lygdamus (Dbldy.)

a couperi Grt.
Qafra (Edw.)

b oro (Seud.)

ec behrii (Ldw.)

d columbia (Skin.)

e australis Grin.

xerces (Bdv.)
form mertila (#dw.)
ab. huguenini Gunder

form ab. antiacis (Bdv.)
norm. polyphemus (Bdv.)

457

Lycenopsis F. & F.

Type Lycaenopsis ananga

KF. & F.
458 pseudargiolus (Bdv. & Lec.)

violacea (Edw.)

form @ nig (Stkr.)
nigra (Edw.)

form @ intermedia (Stkr.)

form lucia (Kirby)

ab. brunnea (Tutt)

ab. fumida (Seud.)

form marginata (Edw.)
ab. pseudora (Scuwd.)
ab. subtusjuncta (Tutt)
ab. inequalis (Tutt)

gen. wst. neglecta (Hdw.)
ab. obsoleta-lunulata
(Tutt)

gen. west. neglecta-major
(Tutt)

a argentata (Fletch.)

nigrescens (Fletch.)
form quesnelii (Cockle)
maculata-suffusa (Cockle)

cinerea (Hdw.)
gen. est. arizonensis (Edw.)

echo (Hdw.)

ab. nunermacheri (Strd.)

gozora (Bdv.)

Superfamily HESPERIOIDEA
HESPERIIDZA

PYRRHOPYGINZ
Apyrrothrix Lind.

Type Erycides arares Hew.

*459 araxes (Hew.)
cyrillus (Pioetz)
a arizone (G. & S.)

URBANINZ
Phocides Hbn.

Type Papilio palemon
Cram.

460 batabano (Luc.)
macinus (H.-S.)
okeechobee ( Worth.)

20

461 lilea (Reak.)
albicilla (H.-S.)
socius (Butl. & Druce)
tcruentus (Scud.) (nec
Hbn.)
sanguinea (Scud.)
decolor (Mab.)
_ 462 urania (West. & Hew.)
texana (Scud.)

Nascus Wats.

Type Papilio phocus Cram.

463 hesus (West. & Hew.)
Polygonus Hbn.

Type Polygonus lividus
Hbn.
464 lividus Hon.
tamyntas (Fabr.) (nec
Poda)
savigny (Latr.)
a arizonensis (Skin.)
Proteides Hbn.
Type Papilio mercurius
Fabr.

465 mercurius (Faobr.)
tidas (Cram.)

Epargyreus Hbn.

(nec L.)

Type Papilio tityrus Fabr.

466 zestos (Gey.)

oberon ( Worth.)
467 tityrus (Fabr.)

clarus (Cram.)

ab. obliteratus Scud.
468 exadeus (Cram.)

Goniurus Hbn.
Type Papilio simplicius
Stoll
469 proteus (L.)
tfortis (Skin. & Ramsd.)
(lapsus calami)
ab. proteoides Ploetz
*47() dorantes (Stoll)
amisus (Hew.)
protillus (H.-S.)
a rauterbergi (Skin.)
471 simplicius (Stoll)
*472 eurycles (Latr.)

Chioides Lind.

Type Hudamus albofasciatus

Hew.
473 albofasciatus (Hew.)
474 zilpa (Butl.)

Codatractus Lind.

Type Heteropia imitatrix

Mab.
tHeteropia Mab.

Type Heteropia imitatrix

Mab.
475 alceus (Hew.)

*476 melon (G. & 8S.)
a arizonensis (Skin.)

Telegonus Hbn.
Type Papilio talus Cram.
477 hahneli (Staud.)

Zestusa Lind.
Type Plestia staudingeri
Mab.
£Plestia Mab.
Type Plestia staudingeri
Mab.
478 dorus (Hdw.)

Achalarus Scud.
Type Papilio {lycidas
A.&S.
(=Proteides lyciades Gey.)
479 lyciades (Gey.)
tlycidas (A. & S.) (nec
Cram.)
480 epigena (Buwtl.)
orestes (Hdw.)
*481 albociliatus (Mab.)
482 coyote (Skin.)

Cecropterus H.-S.
Type Cecrops zarex Hbn.
£Cecrops Hbn.
Type Cecrops zarex Hbn.

- 483 cellus (Bdv. & Lec.)

festus (Gey.)
ab. wereofuscus (Gunder)
484 pseudocellus (Cool. &
Clemence )

Thorybes Scud.
Type Papilio bathyllus
A.&S.
485 drusius (Hdw.)
486 pylades (Scud.)
ab. immaculata (Skin.)
487 daunus (Cran.)
bathyllus (A. & S.)
488 mexicana (A.-S.)
ananius (Ploetz)
489 nevada Scud.
emilea (Skin.)
490 confusis (Bell)

Cabares G. & S.

Type Thanaos potrillo Luc.
491 potrillo (Lue.)

Cogia Butl.
Type Cogia hassan Butl.
492 calchas (H.-S.)
terranea (Butl.)
493 outis (Skin.)
494 hippalus (Hdw.)
gila (Ploetz)

21

Pheedinus G. & 38.

Type Budamus caicus H.-S.
195 mysie (Dyar)
196 caicus ( H.-S.)

schaefferi (Ploetz)

moschus (BEdw.)

Urbanus Ibn.
Type Papilio malve L.
centaures (Ramb.)
wyandot (Edw.)
ruralis (Bdv.)
cespitalis (Bdv.)
ricaria (Edw.)
petreius (Edw.)
xanthus (Hdw.)
macdunnoughi
seriptura (Bdv.)
syrichtus (Fabr.)
form montivagus (Reak.)
fumosa (Rev.)
philetas (#dw.)
tessellata (Scud.)
communis (Grt.)
a occidentalis ( Skin.)
domicella (EHrich.)
nearchus (Edw.)
ericetorum (Bdv.)
alba (Edw.)
macaira (Reak.)
oceanus (Edw.)
locutia (Hew.)
a nivella (Mab.)
Enivea (Scud.) (nec Cram.)
orbigera (Mab.)
laviana (Hew.)
pastor (R. Feld.)
leca (Butl.)

197

{98

499
(Oberth.)
500
501

502

503

504
505

506

507

Antigonus Hbn.

Type Urbanus erosus Hbn.
508 nessus (Hdw.)
notabilis (Stkr.)
509 pulverulenta (R. Feld.)
zampa (Edw.)
Pholisora Scud.
Type Papilio catullus Fabr.
510 alpheus (Edw.)
oricus Edw.
arizonensis (Mab. & Boul.)
(var. praec.?)
libya (Scuwd.)
a lena (Edw.)
catullus (Fabr.)
?Therminier (Latr.)
?herminieri (Morris)
mejicanus (Reak.)
ceos Edw.
hayhurstii (Edw.)
7 ascalaphus {Staud.)
brennus (G. & 8S.)

511

22

519
51

520

521

522

Achlyodes Ibn.

Type Papilio busirus Cram.
thraso (//bn.)

lamenund (Kdw.)

Xenophanes G. & 8.

Type Papilio tryxus Cram.
tryxus (Cram.)

Ephyriades I1bn.

Type Papilio otreus Cram.
brunnea (#H.-S.)
electra (Lint.)

Chiomara G. & S.

Type Achlyodes mithrax
Moesch.

asychis (Cram.)

Erynnis Schr.

Type Papilio tages L.
icelus (Scud. & Burg.)
brizo (Bdv. & Lec.)
a@somnus (Lint.)
burgessi (Skin.)
lacustra (Wright)

xcallidus (Grin.)

@; partim.)

gesta (H.-S.)
invisus (Butl. & Druce)
llano (Dodge)

persius (Scwd.)

a atranius (Lint.)

b pernigra (Grin.)

c lucilius (Scud. & Burg.)

callidus (Grin.) (4; partim.)
lilius (Dyar)

martialis (Scwd.)

ab. ausonius (Lint.)
juvenalis (F'dabr.)

juvenis (Hbn.)

costalis (West. & Hew.)

ennius (Scud. & Burg.)

?plautus (Scud. & Burg.)
propertius (Scud. & Burg.)

?tibullus (Scud. & Burg.)
a borealis (Cary)
horatius (Scud. & Burg.)

virgilius (Scud. & Burg.)

petronius (Lint.)
terentius (Scud. & Burg.)
ovidius (Scud. & Burg.)
nevius (Lint.)
pacuvius (Lint.)
scudderi (Skin.)
clitus (Hdw.)

mestus (G. & S.)
tristis (Bdv.)

form tatius (Hdw.)
funeralis (Scud. & Burg.)

Gor nec

Timochares G. & S.
Type Leuwcochitonea trifas
ciata Hew.
540 ruptifasciatus (Ploetz)

Grais G. & S.

Pseudocopzodes Skin. & Wms.
Type Copeodes eunus Edw.

554 eunus (H£dw.)
wright (Edw.)

Type Anastrus stigmaticusCherephon G. &S.

Mab.
541 stigmaticus (Mab.)
fumosus (Ploetz)

_ HESPERIINA
Pamphilidia Lind.
Type Papilio palemon
Pall.
542 palenion ( Pail.)
mandan (Edw.)
mesapano (Sceud.)
skada (Hdw.)

Butleria Kirby
Type Carterocephalus
exornatus C. Feld.
543 pirus (Hdw.)
a semiceca (Mab. & Boul.)
544 microsticta G. & SN.
545 polingii (Barnes)

Ancyloxypha C. Feld.
Type Hesperia numitor
Fabr.
546 numitor (Fabr.)
puer (Hbn.)
marginatus (Harris)
form longieyi French
547 arene (Hdw.)
myrtis (Edw.)
leporina (Ploetz)

Oarisma Scud.
Type Hesperia powesheik
Parker
548 garita (Reak.)
hylax (Kdw.)
549 edwardsii (Barnes)
550 powesheik (Parker)

Adopza, Billb.
Type Papilio linea D. & S
551 lineola (Ochs.)

Copzodes Edw.
Type Hesperia procris
Edw.
552 aurantiaca (Hew.)
waco (Edw.)
procris (Hdw.) (2;
partim.)
macra (Ploetz)
candida Wright
553 minima (Hdw.)
procris (Edw.) (9; partim.)
rayata B. & McD.

Type Pamphila citrus Mab
555 rhesus (Hdw.)
556 carus (Hdvw.)
557 simius (Hdw.)

Choranthus Scud.

Type Hesperia radians Luce
*558 radians (Luwuec.)

streckeri (Skin.)
559 haitensis Skin.

Hesperia Fabr.
Type Papilio comma L.

560 uncas Hdw.
eridingsii Reak.
eaxrius Ploetz

lasus (Hdw.)

licinus (Hdw.)

metea Scud.

morrisoni (Hdw.)

columbia (Scud.)
california (Wright)
erynnioides (Dyar)

cabelus (Hdw.)

harpalus (Hdw.)

comma (L.)

a colorado (Scud.)

b manitoba (Scud.)
laurentina (Lym.)

c idaho (Edw.)

d assiniboia (Lym.)

e oregonia (Hdw.)

juba (Scud.)

woodgatei (Wms.)
viridis (Hdw.)

nevada (Scud.)

ruricola Bdv.

ealifornica (Mab.)
attalus (Hdw.)

a seminole (Scud.)
quaiapen (Scud.)
slossone (Skin.)

horus Hdw.

leonardus Harr.

meskei (Hdw.)
straton (Hdw.)

ottoé Hdw.

a pawnee Dodge
form ogallala (Leuss.)

b montana (Skin.)

sassacus Harr.

a manitoboides (Fletch.)

dacote (Skin.)

561
562
563
564
565

566
567
568

569
570
571
572
573
574
575

576
577
578

579

580
581

23

596 sabuleti (Bdv.)
genoa (Ploetz)

a tecumseh (Grin.)

582 phyleus (Dru.) chispa (Wright)
bucephalus (Steph.) b comstocki Gunder
Qhala (Butl.) c chusea (Ldw.)

597 draco (Hdw.)

598 vibex (Gey.)
preceps (Seud.)
lumida (Moesch.)

Hylephila Billb.

Type Papilio phylawus Dru.

Ochlodes Scud.
Type Hesperia nemorum
Bdv.

583 sylvanoides (Bdv.) (4; golenia (Moesch.)
partim. ) stigma (Skin.)
pratincola (Bdy.) (9; a brettus (Bdv.)
partim. ) winginda (Sseud.)
francisca (Ploetz) unna (Ploetz)
anapa (HLdw.) b brettoides (Hdw.)
— eeeaemees Atalopedes Scud. |
a pratincola (Bdv.) (2; Type Hesperia huron Edw.
partim. ) 599 campestris (Bdv.)
°85 acricola (Bdv.) sylvanoides (Bdv.) (9;

partim. )
huron (Edw.)

Catia G. & S.
Type Hesperia drury Latr.
600 otho (A. & S.)
drury (ULatr.)
pustula (Gey.)
a egeremet (Scud.)
ursa (Worth.)

yreka (Edw.)
milo (Edw.)
586 yuma (Edw.)
scudderi (Skin.)
snowi (Edw.)

Polites Seud.
Type Hesperia peckius
Kirby

587

588 verna (Edw.) f cinna (Ploetz)
pottawattomie ( Worth.) } .
589 manataaqua (Scud.) Problema Skin. & Wms.
a rhena (Edw.) Type Pamphila byssus
alcina (Skin.) Edw.
590 themistocles (Latr.) 601 byssus (Hdw.)

kumskaka (Scud.)
602 bulenta (Bdv. & Lec.)

Atrytone Seud.

ztaumas (Fabr.) (err. typ.)
(nec Hufn.)
tthaumas (Fabr.) (nec

Hufn.) Ae
tQphocion (Fabr.) (nec Type Hesperia iowa Scud.
Fabr.) 603 logan (Hdw.)
cernes (Bdv. & Lec.) \ g delaware (Edw.)
ahaton (Harr.) a jagus (Edw.)
baracoa (Luc.) 604 arogos (Bdv. & Lec.)

amadis (H.-S.)
myus (French)
sonora (Scud.)
siris (Edw.)
a utahensis (Skin.)
mystic (Scud.)
ab. weetamo (Scud.)
ab. nubs (Scud.)
a dacotah (#dw.)
pallida (Skin.)
mardon (E£dw.)
coras (Cram.)
2esculapius (Fabr.)
peckius (Kirby)
wamsutta ( Harr.)

24

606

607
608

609

iowa (Seud.)
mutius (Ploetz)
vestris (Bdv.)
metacomet (Harr.)
rurea (Edw.)
kiowa (Reak.)
osyka (Edw.)
osceola (Lint.)
ab. 9 immaculatus (Wms.)
bimacula (G. & R.)
acanootus (Scud.)
illinois (Dodge)
arpa (Bdv. & Lec.)
palatka (EHdw.)
floridensis (Ploetz)
dukesi Lind.

610 dion (Hdw.)
a alabame Lind.
611 pontiac (Hdw.)
Qconspicua (Hdw.)
orono (Scud.)

Poanes Scud.
Type Hesperia massasoit
Scud.
viator (Hdw.)
massasoit (Scuwd.)
form suffusa (Lauwr.)
hobomok (Harr.)
ab. pallida Wats.
form 2 pocahontas (Scud.)
quadaquina (Seud.)
ab. friedlei Wats.
zabulon (Bdv. & Lec.)
taxiles (Hdw.)
melane (Hdw.)
aaroni (Skin.)
a howardi (Skin.)
619 yehl (Skin.)

Phemiades Hbn.

612
613

614

615
616
617
618

Type Papilio phineus Cram.

620 jamaicensis Schs.

Atrytonopsis G.& S. .
Type Hesperia deva Edw.
621 loammi (Whitney)
regulus (Edw.)
apostologica (Strd.)
hianna (Scud.)
grotei (Ploetz)
lunus (Edw.)
deva (Hdw.)
vierecki (Skin.)
pittacus (Hdw.)
python (Hdw.)
a margarita (Skin.)
cestus (Hdw.)
edwardsi B. & McD.
ab. polingi Gunder

Thespieus G. & S.
Type Hesperia dalman
Latr.
630 macareus (H.-S.)

Amblyscirtes Scud.
Type Hesperia vialis Edw.
631 vialis (Hdw.)
632 alternata (G. & R.)
eos (Hdw.)
meridionalis Dyar
3 celia Skin.
4 nysa Hdw.
similis (Stkr.)
enus Hdw.
cassus Edw.
comus (Hdw.)
nilus Edw.
quinquemacula (Skin.)

622

623
624
625
626
627

628
629

638 textor (Hbn.)
oneko (Scud.)
wakulla (Edw.)

hegon (Scuwd.)
samoset (Scud.)
nemoris (EKdw.)

nereus (Hdw.)
nanno Hdw.

oslari (Skin.)

bellus (Hdw.)

phylace (Hdw.)

640
641
642
643
644

Epiphyes Dyar
Type Pamphila carolina
Skin.
645 carolina (Skin.)

Megistias G. & S.
Type Hesperia tripunctata
Latr.
646 fusca (G. & R.)
647 neamathla (Skin. & Wms.)

Lerema Scud.
Type Papilio accius A. & S.
648 accius (A. & S.)
monoco (Scud.)
punctella (G. & R.)
nortonti (Hdw.)

Lerodea Scud.
Type Hesperia eufala Edw.
649 arabus (Hdw.)
650 eufala (Hdw.)
floride. (Mab.)
dispersus (Gundl.)
*651 tripunctus (A.-S.) .

Oligoria Scud.
Type Hesperia tmaculata
Edw.
(=—Hesperia norus Ploetz)
652 norus (Ploetz)
tEmaculata (Hdw.) (nec
Brem. Grey)

Calpodes Hbn.

Type Papilio ethlius Cram.
653 ethlius (Cram.)

chemnis (Fabr.)

olynthus (Bdv. & Lec.)
654 coscinia (H.-S.)

ares (C. Feld.)

Prenes Scud.

Type Hesperia panoquin
Scud.
sylvicola ( H.-S.)
panoquin (Scud.)
ophis (Kdw.)
panoquinoides (Skin.)
errans (Skin.)
ocola (Hdw.)
hecebolus Scud.
ortygia (Moesch.)
parilis (Mab.)

655
656

657
658
659

25

MEGATHY MIDE

Megathymus Scud.

Type Budamus yucca
Bdv. & Lec.
660 yucew (Bdv. & Lec.)
a coloradensis Riley
b navajo Skin.
661 ursus Poling

662 cofaqui (Stkr.)

Names Omitted from this
List but Appearing on The
Barnes & McDunnough
Check List, or upon Re-
cent Revisional Papers.

“Amynthia merula Hbn.” <Appar-
ently not a new name, but simply
a misidentification by Geyer, in-
stead of Hiibner of merula Fabr.

“BHurymus paleno Cram.” Not a
new name. Only an apparent
misidentification of palwno L.

“Burymus pelidne menisme Verity.”
Not a new name. Only an appar-
ent misspelling of minisni Bean.

“Wegisto camerta Cram.’ Presum-
ably a distinct species not found
in Boreal America.

“Oeneis also Moesch.” Not a new

name. Simply a presumably
erroneous identification of also
Bdvy.

“Buptoieta coluinbina Godt.’ Not a
new name. Simply a presumably
erroneous identification of colum-
bina Fabr.

“Phyciodes pratensis Scud.” Not a
new name. Simply a presumably
erroneous identification and, in

consequence, a mixed synonymy.

“Polygonia c-argenteum Scud.’ Not
a new name. A presumably
erroneous determination of
c-argenteum Kirby.

“Junonia orythia A. & S.” Not a
new name. A pvresumably errone-
ous identification of orithya L.,
spelled orythia.

“Victorina lavinia Fabr.” Appar-
ently an Antillean form or sub-
species not occurring in Boreal
America, and differing from typi-
cal steneles.

26

“Athena

“Libythea

“Humeus toxea Gray.”

“HUuneus

“Strymon

663 streckeri (Skin.) ( @; partim.)
a texana B. & McD.
streckeri (Skin.) (¢@ & 9;
partim., )
664 smithi Druce
665 marie B. & Ben).
666 polingi Skin.
667 neumoegeni Hdw.
aryrna Dyar (partim.)
668 aryxna Dyar (partim.)
669 stephensi Skin.

eleuchea Hbn.” Altho
previously placed as a synonym
of pelienis, the name apparently
represents a misdetermination by
Hiibner, 1822-1825, Samml. exot.
Schmett., II, pl. CCLXIII, for
eleuchea Hbn., 1818, Zutr. exot.
Schmett., f. 197.

Pre-
Mexican spe-
falls to

carinenta Cram.”
sumably a _ purely
cies; carinenta Auct.
larvata Stkr.

Apparently
not a new name but simply a
misdetermination of torea Godt.
This misdetermination was pub-
lished by Guérin, 1829-1831, and
not by Gray until 1832.

EOnB Oni a, lexshy? lial Gl
Bdv.”’ These names
presumably refer to forms dis-
tinct from minydas, probably
southern subspecies thereof, have
not been actually recorded from
Boreal America, and should be
dropped from lists until so re-
corded.

“godartit

lycus Hbn.” Evidently
an error. Skinner puts the name
in the synonymy of - simaethis
Dru. and is followed by Barnes &
McDunnough, 1917, Check List,
p. 13. Besides the generic term
Licus of the Zutrage and Lycus
of the Verzeichness, the only
lycus we find in Htibner’s works
dealing with the American fauna
is on pl. CL, ff. 1-2 of the Samml.
exot. Schmett., “Urbanus celebris
Licus,’ in the letter-press as
AUpelophaut™ — —“Il5{0). A. Celebres-
Lycus.” This is a large tropical
Castnia, and is probably not in-
tended for a new name, but
simply licus Dru.

“Strymon favonius Bdv. & Lec.”
Not a new name. Simply a ques-
tionable determination of favon-
ius A. & S., against the judgment
of Boisduval but in deference to
Leconte.

“Strymon pan Harr.’ Not a new

name. Simply a mere listing by
Harris of “pan Dru.?” under
Thecla.

“Heodes phlweas Bdv. & Lec.’ Not
anew name. The American spe-
cies at that time considered the
same as the Huropean phleas L.

“Antigonus denuba Ploetz.” The
original description gives Aburi,
West Africa, as the habitat.

“Hpargyreus socus Hbn.’ Probably
represents a distinct species or
race not found in Boreal America.

“Phedinus epigona H.-S.” Placed
on lists because of Godman &
Salvin’s description and figure otf
the supposed type, but this so-
called type in no way fitting the
original diagnosis.

“Hesperia morrissoni Ploetz.” Obvi-
ously not a new name, but a mere
misspelling of morrisoni Kdw.

“Hylephila augias Hbn.’ Appar-
ently not a new name but a pre-
sumably erroneous determination
of augias L.

“Polites cernes Harr.’ Not a new
name, but a presumably errone-
ous identification of cernes Bdv.

“Polites vetulina Ploetz.” The de-
scription by Ploetz, 1883, Ent.
Zeit., XLIV, 58, appears to be
drawn from Herrich-Schaeffer, or
a specimen identified as a Her-
rich-Schaeffer species, and not a
new name. This species is not
listed by Kirby, nor do we find it
in Herrich-Schaeffer, Aussereu-
rop. Schmett. Ploetz may have
spelt the name incorrectly, or
may have resurrected a_ previ-

27

ously* overlooked Herrich-Schaef-
fer name. In either event there
seems little to be gained by list-
ing it as a synonym of verna, as
Ploetz states “Vaterland?’’.

“Catia «tna Scud.” Not a new
name. Presumably a misidentifi-
cation of wtna Bdv.

“Atrytone vitellius A. & 8.” Nota
new name. Presumably a mis-
identification of vitellius Fabr.

“Amblyscirtes elissa G. & 8S.” Rec-
ord founded upon _ identification
by Skinner who subsequently re-
scinds the statement.

“Prenes nero Fabr.’ According to
Skinner and Williams the occa-
sional Florida visitor is sylvicola
which is probably a distinct spe-

cies altho usually sunk as a
synonym. True nero presumably
has not been recorded from
Boreal America.

“Megathymus drucei Skin.” This

name does not occur in the Check
List but is credited to our fauna
by Skinner & Williams, 1924,
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., L, 208, on
the strength of a statement by

Schwarz, 1897, Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., IV, 209, that Morrison’s
material came from near Fort

Grant in the Graham Mts., Ariz.
This refers to Coleoptera. At
least some of Morrison’s Lepi-
doptera appear to have been col-
lected in the Huachuca Mts., and
it is not unlikely that Morrison
did get into Mexico. Altho hun-
dreds of Megathymus have been
received from Arizona, none seem
like the figure of drucei. The
reason for the placement of this
unique “Sonora, Mex.” specimen
as of United States origin is too
doubtful to serve as a basis for
listing the species. |

BUTTERFLIES OF CALIFORNIA

(Continued)

DR. JOHN A. COMSTOCK
GENUS EURYMUS. Swains

The Sulphurs

Boisduval’s Sulphur is a polymorphic species occurring in various
forms, some of which are seasonal or altitudinal, and others albinic.
The typical insect, (2. eurytheme eurytheme Boisd.) is the spring
form, emerging from overwintering chrysalids. This is illustrated
on plate 13, figures 6 to 11. It is smaller than the summer form, and
bears less of the orange suffusion. An albinic or white aberrant
female is not uncommon, and is illustrated on plate 14, figures 1 and
2. This has been named alba by Strecker. A dark and much suffused
aberration of Boisduval’s Sulphur has been described by the same
author as fumosa, but we have not as yet seen Californian examples.

The Flavid Sulphur, (2. eurytheme amphidusa Bdy.) is the sum-
mer brood of this same species. It is a handsome insect, as reference
to figures 4, 5 and 6 of plate 14 will testify. No other member of the
order is so aptly called “flying butter” or “butterfly.” In another
sense than that of its color, it deserves this title, for the sulphurs are

voracious destroyers of clover and alfalfa, which, if allowed to grow .

and be translated, via the dairy route, into milk, would eventually re-
sult in butter. Each one of these yellow beauties represents, there-
fore, just so much butter that has taken wing from the profits of the
farmer.

The flavid sulphur has, like the spring form, an aberrant white
female (alba. Stkr.) which we have illustrated on plate 14, figure 3.
In higher altitudes this species tends to lose its orange color, and we
have as a result the Yellow Sulphur (F. eurytheme eriphyie Edw.)
which is pictured on plate 14, figures 7, 8 and 9. This, however, rep-
resents the summer high altitude brood, of which Cockerell’s Sulphur
is the early spring representative. It is unfortunate that Cockerell
called this autumnalis because it usually results from overwintering
chrysalids. Occasionally a late arrival may feel the effects of early
frost and give a typical autumnalis, which probably accounts for the
authcr giving it an autumnal designation. This form is illustrated
on plate 14, figures 10, 11 and 12. We have never seen a white female
of Cockerell’s Sulphur.

There is hardly a month of the year in which we may not see

some one of the forms of this butterfly on the wing in our lowland

rural districts. It fairly swarms at certain seasons, during years that
are favorable to its multiplication, and is at times a menace to the
agriculturist. The yellow forms must be sought in our mountain
meadows, and high plateaus, preferably in farming districts.

In addition to the common foodplants noted above, the larvae

have been observed on rattleweed (Astragalus), sweet clover (WMeli-
lotus) and deerweed (Lotus). :

28

STUDIES IN PACIFIC COAST LEPIDOPTERA

(Continued)

DR. JOHN ADAMS COMSTOCK
THIRTEEN NEW SPECIES OR ABERRATIONS OF
CALIFORNIA BUTTERFLIES

The members of the chalcedona group of Huphydryas are subject
to a wide range of variation and aberration. Most of our California
collectors possess one or more of these peculiar forms, and inquiries
are numerous concerning their cause and designation.

Some of these have received names, and others are in danger of
being described without much thought for the direction in which the
variation runs or the extent to which this variation is carried, unless
some effort is made to reduce the matter to systematic order.

The direction in which this group varies is—

1. A tendency toward complete obscuring of primaries, or secon-
daries, or both,—complete or hemi-melanism.

2. A tendency toward accentuation or fusion of the yellow spots
into elongate bands, on primaries, or secondaries, or both,—=
complete or hemi-fusion.

3. A tendency toward the lightening of the yellow spots, and the
elimination of the red, or its reduction to a brownish shade on
primaries, or secondaries, or both,—complete or hemi-albinism.

It is obvious that great confusion will arise if an attempt is made
to name aberrant forms that are intermediate in the extent or degree
of this variation,—in fact there is serious doubt as to the advis-
ability of applying names tc any aberrant forms whatsoever. Since,
however, authorities continue to include such aberrations in their
lists, it seems advisable to confine such naming within reasonable
limits, and relegate to the synonymy all aberrant forms that do
not carrry a given tendency to its ultimate degree of expression.

In the group under consideration we have two names that are
generally accepted,—i. e. H. chalcedona ab. mariana Barnes, repre-
senting complete melanism, and #. chalcedona ab. fusimacuia Barnes,
representing complete fusion of yellow maculations. In addition
Mr. Jean Gunder has proposed two names to cover partial or com-
plete albinism, (hemiluteofuscus and omniluteofuscus).

In this paper we shall leave out of consideration the albinic
tendency, and confine our analysis to the melanic and fused types.

The confusing element with which we have to deal here is that
the tendency toward these aberrant patterns may occur in the pri-
maries only, or be confined to the secondaries, and be in combina-
tion with the normal maculation on those wings which are not
involved,—or there may be a fusion on one pair and an obscuration
of the other.

We thus have a long list of possible combinations. The scheme
of these possible variants is expressed in the following diagram,—
and I have appended the names which I propose as new, in this
formula.

29

| artaa Tarm ¢
PI aaa ae Not mal __ chaleedona chalcedona Dbldy. & Hew.
Secondaries. Normal

TUSsel -
Fus ab. fusimacula Barnes.
Fused
Melanic '
Melanic 1) mariana Barnes.
Melanic
Fused 2s :
3 —=ub. nov. suprafusa.
Normal
Melanie :
f lanic =ab. noy. supranigrella.
Normal
Fused = —ap. nov. hemimelanica.
Melanic

Y , « .
Normal —ajp. nov. fusisecunda.

Fused

Normal — ap. (none yet observed.)
Melanic

Melanie — ap, (none yet observed.)
Fused

The color plates of these new aberrations were published and
distributed some time ago. They serve far better to describe the
types than could a lengthy technical analysis. In order to designate
type, locality, collector, and repository of type, etc., the following
brief notes are appended.

Euphydryas chalcedona ab. suprafusa aberr. nov.
Q Superior surface illustrated on Plate 32, figure 9.

Inferior surface normal except for the elongation and fusion of
the yellow spots in the limbal area of primaries, which is more com-
plete at the costo-apical end, and becomes less marked toward the
posterior margin.

Holotype 9. . Los Angeles, Calif., April 10, 1924. In the collection
of the Southwest Museum.

Allotype ¢. Tehachapi, Kern Co., Calif., June 27, 1922. Collec-
tion of Jean Gunder, Pasadena.

Paratype ¢. Diamond Canyon, Alameda Co., Calif., May 30, 1916.
In the collection of Jean Gunder, Pasadena, Calif.

Euphydryas chalcedona ab. supranigrella aberr. noy.
Superior surface illustrated on Plate 32, figure 8.

Inferior surface, primaries devoid of all yellow spots. The brick-
red shade is complete over the entire wing except for a delicate
striping of black on the nervules and a small amount of black scaling
irregularly distributed over the apical area. Secondaries normal.

Holotype ¢@ Mt. Wilson, Calif., June 22, 1920. In the collection

of the Southwest Museum.

Allotype 9 Camp Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains, Calif., June 23, 1919.
In the collection of Jean Gunder.

Euphydryas chalcedona ab. hemimelanica aberr. nov.

Illustrated on Plate 32, superior surface of holotype ¢ figure 11,
inferior surface of allotype 9? figure 10.

The colored figures serve as sufficient description.

Holotype, Sulphur Mountain Springs, Ventura County, Calif., July
4, 1920. In the collection of Mr. Jean Gunder.

Allotype, Los Angeles, Calif., April 1, 1919. In the collection of
Mr. Jean Gunder.

Euphydryas chalcedona ab. fusisecunda aberr. nov.
Superior surface illustrated on Plate 32, figure 12.

The inferior surface is characterized by a partial fusion of the
two bands of yellow spots on the secondaries. Probably this fusion
would be more complete in specimens showing the ideal pattern to
fit into the scheme which we have outlined. The primaries are
normal.

Type. 9 Mt. Wilson, Calif., June 22, 1920. In the collection of
the Southwest Museum.

While collecting in the Lake Tahoe region, where Huphydryas
sierra abounds, we were fortunate in capturing a remarkable example
of an aberrant form of this species which is worthy of designation.
We published a figure of this some months ago, so that the detailed
description seems hardly necessary at this time. It is named
umbrobasana, and is shown as figure 5 of our color Plate 35. The
distinguishing feature of the superior aspect is the heavy suffusion
of the basal areas, particularly of the secondaries, with black,—and
the tendency toward suffusion and extension of the yellow maculation
in the limbal area.

The inferior surface is not figured, and is therefore dealt with
in greater detail.

Primaries, fringes and marginal area as in the normal form. The
submarginal double rows of yellow spots are blended into a single
wide band, separated into oblongate spots by narrow black nervules,
and becoming obsolescent toward the lower third of wing. Four
blurred yellow dashes occur lateral to the cell. The black lines
crossing the cell are blurred and suffused with black.

The secondaries are very striking in appearance, due to the fact
that the submarginal row of yellow crescents and the extra-discal
row of yellow spots have extended toward each other and fused,
thus eliminating the usual interposed red and black-margined area,
and forming a continuous wide yellow band extending almost across
the wing. A few red scales slightly invade this at the costal and
anal edges, which is all that remains of the normal central red row
of spots. The nervules, however, are narrowly defined in black.

The basal area is a clear field of red, except for one small black
circle at outer end of each cell, pupillated in yellow.

Holotype ¢ Lake Tahoe region, July, 1922.

This name was mentioned, after I had distributed my colored
plates, by Mr. Jean Gunder (Entomological News, July, 1925, Vol.
XXXVI) where he states that “wmbrobasana, as its name indicates,
is a more melanic aberration of sierra, and several degrees opposite
to magdelenae.”

We have received from Mr. Jean Gunder a number of aberrant
examples of Huphydryas colon which were captured by our good friend
Otto Huellemann of Wallace, Idaho, for whom I name this interesting
variant.

31

Euphydryas colon ab. huellemanni aberr. nov.

Superior surface, ground color black. Marginal row of red
spots on primaries and secondaries practically suppressed. Sub-
marginal rows of yellow spots on primaries present but slightly
blurred, Extra-discal area occupied by three long yellow dashes,
which are powdered laterally by a few red scales. Basal area solid
black. The double row of yellow spots normally occurring on sec-
ondaries are obsolescent except for a few minute points. The basal
half of secondaries, a rich black.

Inferior surface, much as in normal colon except for a partial,
(or in one case a complete) suppression of the yellow spots in
the basal area of secondaries, and their replacement with black.
There is also a tendency toward extension and blurring of the yellow
maculations.

9 Much as in male, although our allotype shows some tendency
toward the retention of the marginal row of red spots on the superior
surface. Further description seems unnecessary in view of our pub-
lication of colored figures some months ago.

Holotype ¢ Wallace, Idaho, June 12, 1921. Illustrated on Plate
33, figure 5.

Allotype 2 Wallace, Idaho, June 15, 1919. Illustrated on Plate
33, figure 4. :

Paratype No. 1 ¢ Wallace, Idaho, June 14, 1925.

Paratype No. 2 9 Wallace, Idaho, July 4, 1925.

All collected by Mr. Otto Huellemann, and in the collection of
Mr. Jean Gunder of Pasadena, Calif.

Euphydryas rubicunda ab. rubrosuffusa aberr. nov.

Superior surface illustrated on plate 34, figure 15.

The inferior surface differs from the typical insect only in the
partial suppression of the black lines on the secondaries. These are
entirely absent in the area between the submarginal crescents and
the extra discal row of yellow spots, and this area is wider than
normal. It is a field of clear brick red, except for a delicate dentate
stripe of yellow running through it at about the centre.

Type. @ Mammoth, Mono Co., Calif., July 28, 1921. Loaned
from the collection of Mr. George Malcolm.

The females of Melitaea palla show a tendency toward the pro-
duction of a dark form, one phase of which was named eremita by
W. G. Wright. The example which he chose for his type does not,
however, represent the extreme to which this melanism (if such it is)
may be carried. On our color plate 36, figure 19, we picture an
example which is probably the ultimate extent to which this “dark-
ening” is carried. We have called this—

Melitaea palla ab. stygiana aberr. noy.

The superior surface is so accurately pictured on our plate as
to render a description superfluous. The inferior surface shows
little variation from that of usual maculation of eremita, and our
figure 18 on this same plate may serve to illustrate this.

Type. 92 Willow Ranch, Modoc County, Calif., June 9, 1924.

Paratype No. 1. 9 Fairfax, Marin Co., Calif.. June 30, 1918.

Paratype No. 2. 9 Carrville, Trinity Co., Calif., June 13, 1913.

Paratype No. 3. 9 Walker, Siskiyou Co., Calif., June 3, 1920.

Paratypes Nos. 4 to 7. 99 Willow Ranch, Modoc Co., Calif., May 30
to June 8, 1924.

Type and paratypes in the collection of Mr. Jean Gunder, Pasa-
dena, Calif.

A remarkable aberration of Melitaea gabbii is illustrated op
Plate 36, figure 6, which demonstrates the same tendency in this
species that we have noted in the case of palla with its dimorphic
females eremita and stygiana. We propose for this the name—

32

Melitaea gabbii ab. gunderi aberr. nov.

The illustration pictures accurately the superior surface of this
butterfly. It will be noted that it compares to stygiana in the palla
series, although it is probably of much rarer occurrence.

On the inferior surface we have the usual lustrous white spots,
with the remaining portions of the wing heavily suffused with black
scales. These have entirely replaced the normal orange-yellow areas
and spots of the secondaries, and on the primaries have caused a
darkening of the entire wing and a blurring, but not an entire
eradication of the maculations.

Type. @ San Fernando, Calif., April 6, 1919. In the collection
of the Southwest Museum.

Named for Mr. Jean Gunder.

Melitaea gabbii ab. newcombi aberr. nov.

Superior surface accurately pictured on our Plate 36, figure 5.
This corresponds to eremita in the pailla series.

The inferior surface is practically that of normal gabbii except
that there is a tendency toward an increase of the black scales and
their invasion of the orange areas. This is more marked on the
primaries. ;

Type. © Pasadena, Calif., April 7, 1917. In the collection ’of the
Southwest Museum. Named for our friend Mr. Hal Newcomb.

Melitaea malcolmi sp. nov.

This is illustrated on our color plate 36, figures 10, 11 and 12,
with sufficient accuracy to render a lengthy description unnecessary.
It will be noted that it differs from gabbii in having a uniform
ground color of a duller shade, with a heavier powdering of black
in the basal area. The ground color of the female is of a con-
siderably lighter shade than the male. On the inferior surface, the
lustrous spots of secondaries are less pearly than those of gabbii
but more so than in palla.

Holotype ¢ (Figure 10 of Plate 36). Near Mammoth Camp,
Mono County, Calif., July 27, 1921.
Allotype 9° (Figure 12 of Plate 36). Same locality and date.
Paratype No. 1. ¢ (Figure 11 of Plate 36.) Same locality and date.
All collected by Mr. George Malcolm, for whom I take pleasure
in naming the species.
“ This is very close to Melitaea flavula B. & McD. and may prove
to be a local race of this species.

Our color plate 37, figure 13, depicts an interesting aberrant of
Melitaea chara which. we have called—

Melitaea chara ab. nitela aberr. nov., which is characterized by
a lustrous white ground color on the underside of secondaries, crossed
in the limbal area by a band of connected quadrate yellow spots,
with fine black margins. Four small squares also occur in the basal
area, two of which are in relation to the cell..—and a few irregular
yellow spots are grouped close to the basal junction of the wing.

The under side of primaries is more uniformly yellow than in
typical specimens, on account of the suppression of most of the
black lines.

The superior surface differs from typical chara in the reduction
of black lines throughout the discal area of both pairs of wings, and
a lessened amount of black scaling throughout, which gives the
suggestion of a lighter form.

Type. ¢ Near Palm Springs, Coachella Valley, Calif., April 5,
1921. In the collection of the Southwest Museum.

33

Tharsalea arota r. nubila race nov.

Superior surface; primaries; differs from typical arota in the
darker shading, which is of a brownish coppery hue with no suggestion
of the violet over-tint characteristic of both arota and virginiensis, and
in the greater width and clearer definition of the dark margin.

Secondaries of the same shade and with equally wide dark mar-
gins, which are continued along the costal edge and into the basal area.
The tails average slightly shorter, and there is an almost complete
eradication of the orange stripe and submarginal lunules in this area,
except for a slight suggestion on the tail itself.

Fringes brown, except toward the anal angle where they become
gray to whitish.

Interior surface; practically as in typical arota except for the al-
most complete suppression of the red line in centre of tail and the
red submarginal lunules connecting with it, which are a constant
feature of both arota and virginiensis.

9 Superior surface; primaries; much darker than in the typical
insect, and with- a reduction of the orange maculations to about half
the area of the corresponding markings in arota. There are no orange
scalings near the posterior angle of wing, which makes the wide dark
marginal area (nearly ¥% inch in width) continuous from apex to pos-
terior angle. No orange scaling occurs posterior to the submedian vein.

Secondaries; clear dark brown, except for four or five narrow
orange lunules, beginning at the anal angle,—a line of orange extended
onto the tail, and three small orange patches lateral and inferior to
the cell.

Interior surface; much as in male, except for a slight suffusion of
orange medial to the submarginal white lunules of primaries, shading
to yellow in the limbal area.

Thorax and abdomen as in arota.

We have examined arota from central and northern California,
and compared Oberthur’s figure of the tyne. A series of virginiensis
from Virginia City, Nevada, have also been used in this comparison.
Nubila shows much greater divergence from the typical insect than
does virginiensis.

Types. Holotype ¢ Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California, July
2, 1922. Allotype 9 same locality and date. The holotype and allo-
type figured on our Plate 51, figures 2 and 3. Paratypes, 21 ¢ 4
20 92 all from the above locality, June 7 to July 15, 1922. In the
collection of the Southwest Museum. Paratypes will be placed in
the Barnes collection, in the Naticnal Museum, and in the Canadian
National collection at Ottawa, and in the collection of Jean Gunder,
Pasadena. :

We take this to be a dark southern race of arota, but it is more
deserving of rank as a distinct species than is virginiensis.

Meee PEPIN OF THE

Southern California
Academy of Sciences

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

qetta TWEdI upginsT

Vol. XXV May-August, 1926 Part 2
CONTENTS
Page
BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA IN RE-
LATION TO THE STUDY OF ALLERGIC DISEASES - - 37
Geo. Piness, M.D., Hyman Miller, M.D., H. E. MeMinn, M.A.
CEREUS MUNZII, sp. nov. - = - = = = ae
S. B. Parish
STUDIES IN PACIFIC COAST LEPIDOPTERA - - - - 48

Dr. John A. Comstock

NEW MOLLUSCAN SPECIES - - - - = = - - 49
Carleton M. Carson

BUTTERFLIES OF CALIFORNIA - = - - = - 63
Dr. John A. Comstock

Ja aR soe SYMPHORICARPOS = SEITE SAE Se CALI- ee

Davia B. Keck

Issued May 31, 1926.

Southern California
Academy of Sciences

s 8
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Dr. WILLIAM “A; BRYAN? ..0:5--Rk President
Drv JoHN (A. COMSTGER } ij iee el ee Vice-President
Mia S, fe 7S el is: cath viet aici ee eel 2nd Vice-President
Dr: JOHN/A: COMSTOCK. .2.0250..ci:i1 Re Secretary
Minos) “Jo REbsSke 2a hen nit et tie A Treasurer
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Gro. W. Parsons
Dr. WitttAM A. Bryan HeErsert J. GOUDGE
Dr. A. Davipson Dr. FRANK CLARK
Dr. Forp A. CARPENTER Dr. R. H. Swirt
Wo. SPALDING
os 8B
. ADVISORY BOARD
Mr. Artuur B. BENTON Dr. D. L. TASKER
Mr. B. R. BAUMGARDT Dri; Ciaw
Mr. R. F. Gross THEODORE PAYNE
a 8
ASTRONOMICAL SECTION
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Wm. A. SPALDING
Chairman Secretary
BIOLOGICAL SECTION
Dr. R. H. Swirt Dr. WENDELL GREGG
Chairman Secretary
BOTANICAL SECTION
Dr. A. DAvipson THEODORE PAYNE
Chairman Secretary

FINANCE COMMITTEE
Dr. F. C. Crarx, Dr. A. Davipson, Mr. S. J. Keese.

Dr. Joun A. Comstock Mr. GeorceE Parsons
GEOLOGICAL SECTION
Mr. E. E. Haprey ; Mr. Georce Parsons
Chairman Secretary

PROGRAM COMMITTEE .
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, Dr. A. Davipson, Mr. Georce Parsons

= B
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION
Mr. Wittiam A. SPALDING, Chairman —
Dr. Joun A. Comstock Mr. S. J. KEEse
ANSTRUTHER Davinson, C.M., M.D.

OFFICE OF THE ACADEMY
SouTHwEst Museum Los ANGELES, CAL.

TTERELIHS OF CALIFORNIA PLATH XV

”

HARFORD'S SULPHUR
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HARFORDS SULPHUR = &. harford:
£. Rharford:. SF under side ?

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5 CA OS Oe S ge

THE BADBABA THE GOLDEN SULPHUR
SULPHUR

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EDWARD'S SULPHUR EDWARDS SULPHUR “EDWARD'S SULF SHUR
te <2: CnaraTa 2d “watdst g Veder jae 2 come Fi an fexctfrelra CC ward Sl.

THE SULPHURS

figures slightly reduced.

|
|

ETTERFLIES OF CALIFORNIA PLATE XVI

BEHR’S SULPHUR BEHR'S SULPHUR

BEHR'S SULPHUR ‘5 ALBINIC SULPHUR
urymus ber: CS. ‘Under side F BEHRS A

Furymus Cen GP & & behri carescers

THE MEXICAN YELLOW
Lucena mextcareea F

THE MEXICAN YELLOW THE MEXICAN YELLOW

Lnder side 3 Lured [Tees CM28 &

“THE NICIPPE YELLOW THE NICIPPE YELLOW THE NICIPPE YELLOW
Lucema /uclppe Wveter Side. Furema hicippe F

THE LITTLE SULPHUR euferse THE LITTLE SULPHUR THE DELIA SULPHUR

“era Cuterse SF Under s de LUuvef7ia CUTE $ : ere) 27a wer ta

b

THE SULPHURS & SMALL
15 JULPHURS soa
CHE NICIPPE YELLOW THE DELIA SULPHUR
Luwarr 2 se re Uz2der jidé

figures slightly reduced.

WE
BOT Al
GARI

BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ENGREVATION: TOT LH SUD Or
ALLERGIC DISEASES.

GEORGE PINESS, M.D., HYMAN MILLER, M.D., H. E. McMINN, M.A.

Los Angeles, California.

With the establishment of the etiologic relationship between
plant pollens and the allergic diseases, such as asthma and hay-
fever, the necessity for careful study of regional botany by the
worker in this branch of medicine was soon realized. Thus it is
that Scheppegrell, Hall, Sefridge, Watson and Kibler, Phillips, Mullin,
Bernton, Stier, Templeton, Duke and Durham, and Kahn have pub-
lished reports of botanical surveys of the particular regions in which
they were interested and from which their patients were drawn.

That a botanical survey must be considered an essential requisite
for the intelligent treatment of asthma and hay-fever is evident from
the following considerations.

1. The identification of the plants which are wind-pollinated, in
a particular district, is necessary in order to ascertain the proper
correlation between skin reactions and the pollens with which the
patient may come into contact.

2. The checking of the dates of pollination is necessary so that
the date of initiation of treatment may be properly gauged.

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ACTEOSA Sie

8. Information as to the relative abundance, size (Fig. 1.), dura-
tion and the yearly variation of the pollinating seasons, is necessary
in order that those of relatively little importance may not be given
too great weight in judging with which pollens one should treat.
However, the final criteria for determining the species which cause
hay-fever and asthma are the skin reactions obtained by testing
with an extract prepared from the pollens together with the success
obtained from such treatments.

It was with a view to obtaining information such as that outlined
above that the present survey of southern California was undertaken.
The survey consists of data collected within the last eight years while
on extensive pollen collecting and special survey trips; from the
herbaria of Pomona College at Claremont, California and the Univer-
sity of California at Berkeley; and a herbarium of about 175 species
of wind-pollinated plants which has been prepared in the course of the
work. These data include observations on the geographic and eco-
logic distribution, time of pollinating, abundance, size and character of
the pollen, and other biological factors pertinent to the flora under
consideration.

Since the geographic range, the nature of the soil, topography,
and climate of a region determine the number and variety of species
of plants within it, a brief summary of these factors is herein in-
cluded.

By southern California (Map I) reference is made to that por-
tion of the State lying south of the Tehachapi Mountains. This
region includes the counties of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles,
Orange, San Diego, Imperial, Riverside, and San Bernardino. It lies
between 32° 35’ and 35° north latitude and between the 114th and
119th meridian west. Its western boundary is the Pacific Ocean;
its southern, Lower California; its eastern, the Colorado River, which
separates it from Arizona; and its northern, a series of crossing
mountain ranges extending from the Sierra Nevada to the Coast
Ranges.

The topography of the region is very irregular, broken by many
mountain ranges and separated by narrow passes or valleys of
various sizes. The eastern part of the region is comprised of the
arid desert wastes east of the San Bernardino and San Jacinto moun-
tains. They consist for the most part of the Mojave and Colorado
Deserts, separated by the Cottonwood and Chuckawalla Mountains.
The western portion of the region is made up of the San Rafael, Santa
Inez, Santa Monica, Santa Ana, Palomar, Cuyamaca, San Gabriel,
San Jacinto, and San Bernardino Mountains and the intervening val-
leys. These, in a general way, extend parallel to the coast line.
The coastal ranges arise from sea level or valley bottoms to alti-
tudes reaching 4,000 feet. Some of the mountains of the central
ranges reach altitudes of over 10,000 feet.

Many of the valleys of the western or coastal side of the moun-
tains and foothills are very fertile and when water is abundant support
a luxuriant vegetation. Several, however, are interspersed with low
alkaline flats, gravelly mesas, and washes. The valleys on the east-
ern slopes are usually much drier and the flora. for the most part,
is of the desert type. The coastal region, in several places consists
% extensive alkaline marshes which support a saline type of vegeta-
ion.

The climate of southern California, although usually considered
as rather uniform, is in fact quite diversified. As a general rule
relatively scant rainfall and high temperature are characteristic,
these features becoming more and more pronounced toward the cen-
tral and eastern sections of the regions which are not reached by the

38

Fig. 1.

Microphotograph of the pollen of corn (Zea mays) 125 microns in
diameter and Bermuda Grass (Capriola dactylon) 25 microns in
diameter emphasizing the non-importance of the former and the
importance of the latter in the etiology of hay-fever by wind-
blown pollens.

Fig. 2. Johnson Grass (Holcus halepensis)

cooling effect of the ocean breezes. Since the mountain ranges lie
parallel to the coast line, their axis therefore, extend generally at
right angles to the direction of the prevailing storm winds. As a re-
sult it is on these ranges, mainly during the winter and spring months,
that the greatest rainfall in this region occurs. The average annual
rainfall for the coastal and mountain regions ranges from ten (San
Diego) to thirty inches (Cuyamaca), while some of the desert slopes
and flats receive as little as two inches annually. During the sum-
mer and fall there is almost perpetual sunshine and during these
seasons there is very little chance that rains will clear the atmos-
phere of the wind-blown pollens as is so frequently the case in the
districts east of the Rocky Mountains.

There is also a great range in temperature. One may stand in
Los Angeles or Pasadena in January, with the thermometer register-
ing 60° F., and witness a terrific snowstorm on the mountains. Sta-
tions on the deserts, during July and August, register as high as 118° F.

In a region like the one herein limited, where topography is so
varied and the climate likewise diverse, it is not surprising that there
are about 350 species of native or naturalized plants in this district
that may be considered as wind-pollinated. For the sake of conven-
ience as well as from a practical viewpoint the species have been
grouped under three divisions, these agreeing to some extent with the
season of flowering. The first of these is comprised of spring pol-

40

Fig. 3. Carelessweed (Amaranthus palmeri)

linated trees and shrubs; the second of the grasses, sedges, and
rushes; and the third of weeds. In the first group there are 63 na-
tive species comprised of Pines (11), Incense Cedar (1), Big Cone
Spruce (1), Fir (1), Junipers (2), Cypress (1), Ephedras (4), Willows
(9), Poplars (2), Oaks (13), Alder (1), Walnuts (2), Sycamore (1),
Maples (3), Chinquapin (1) (summer), Ashes (4), Silk-tassel-bushes
(4), Wax Myrtle (1), and Hackberry (1). The italicized species may
be factors during their pollinating periods in the spring and early sum-
mer but the other species, either on account of their rarity, local
distribution, distance from settled localities or from failure to pro-
duce skin reactions, are not considered as factors in this region.
Various introduced species of trees are grown as ornamental and
street trees and may be an occasional cause of hay-fever during the
early spring.

The second group is made up of about 120 species of grasses and
50 species of sedges and rushes. None of the species of rushes
(Juncus) and only two of sedges have given positive skin reactions,
and members of these botanical groups have therefore not been in-
cluded in this survey.

The 120 species of grasses represent 53 genera but many of the
species are of such local and scattered distribution, or yield so little
pollen, that they cannot, from a botanical viewpoint, be considered
as important factors in causing hay-fever. The most important

41

LANTS OF CAUPORATA

Fig. 4. Allscale (Atriplex polycarpa)

grasses, based upon abundance, general distribution and amount of
pollen produced are Bermuda Grass (Capriola), Brome Grasses
(Bromus), Johnson Grass (Holcus) Fig. 2, Ray or Rye Grasses (Lo-
lium), Melic Grass (Melica), Blue-grass (Poa), Canary Grasses
(Phalaris), Stipa Grasses (Stipa), Wild Rye-grasses (Elymus), Koeler’s
Grass (Koeleria), Wild Oats (Avena), Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa)
Red Top (Agrostis), and Fescue (Festuca).

The third group contains some of the most important hay-fever
plants. This is due to the abundance of plants, their wide distri-
bution, amount of light pollen produced, and long duration of their
pollinating periods. Several of the weeds begin pollinating in spring
and early summer and continue until late fall. About 96 species are
included in this group, the most important ones being the Amaranths
(Amaranthus) Fig. 3, Chenopods (Chenopodium), Franserias (includ-
ing the False Ragweeds), Western Ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya),
Scale-bushes (Atriplex) Fig. 4, Russian Thistle (Salsola kali), Cockle-
burs (Xanthium), and Sagebrush (including the Sageworts-Artemisia)
Fig. 5. The Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris and sub-species), is per-
haps the most frequent cause of the fall type of hay-fever. It is
very common in low ground and hills of the entire central and west-
ern parts of the region. It pollinates profusely from July to the mid-
dle of September, often continuing until late October in some places.
The pollen is very light and small, measuring 28 microns long, and

42

Fig. 5. Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)

43

19 microns wide. The genus Atriplex is another group which con-
tains species of wide range (Map 1) producing abundant light pollen
and must be considered a very important factor in the summer and
fall type of hay-fever.

The accompanying chart shows the relative abundance, distribu-
tion, and pollinating periods of the most important hay-fever plants
of southern California.

SUMMARY:

The very diversified topography including shorelines, inland al-
kaline valleys, deserts, mountains, fertile fields, and waste places ren-
der possible the existence of over 350 species of wind-pollinating
plants in southern California.

Many of these species, on account of their restricted local dis-
tribution, distance from centers of population, amount and character
of pollen, and abundance of plants are not important factors in caus-
ing hay-fever and asthma. All species, however, must be taken into
consideration when studying individual cases.

Statistical studies of the results of treatment with the supposedly
offending pollens show sufficient clinical results to warrant their in-
clusion amongst the therapeutic agents in hay-fever and asthma.

The data cbtained in the survey as outlined above and tabulated
in the Chart furnish the information necessary for their intelligent
application to the clinical study of patients who give skin reactions
to light, wind-blown pollens.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, LeRoy, 1910, A Phylogeographic and Taxonomic Study of the
Southern California Trees and Shrubs. 1923, Illustrated Flora of
the Pacific States, Vol. 1.

Bernton, H. S., 1923, Studies in Hay-fever. Dates of Pollination of
Anemophilous Plants in the District of Columbia and Vicinity,
Observed in 1922. Virginia Med. Monthly, 50:41-48.

Duke, W. W., and Durham, O. C., 1924. A Botanic Survey of Kansas
City, Missouri, and Neighboring Rural Districts. J. A. M. A.
82:939.

Hall, H. M., 1922, Pub. Health Reports, 37:803.

Hall, H. M. and Clements, F. E., 1923. Phylogenetic Method in
Taxonomy. The North American Species of Artemisia Chryso-
thamnus and Atriplex.

Kahn, I. $., 1924, Botany of Southwest Texas with References to
Hay-fever and Asthma, J. A. M. A. 82:871.

Mullin, W. V., 1922, Pollen and Hay-fever—A Regional Problem.
Jo. Am. Acad. Opth. and Oto-laryng.

Phillips, E. W., 1922, Treatment of Hay-fever with Arizona Pollens.
Southwest Med. 6:136-144.

Scheppegrell, W., 1922, Hay-fever and Asthma, Lea and Febiger,
Philadelphia and New York.

Stier, R., Study of Possible Hay-fever Plants of the Inland Empire.
Personal communication.

Templeton, H. J., 1924, Hay-fever in the Sonoran Belt of the Inter-
mountain District. Calif. Med. Jo. 22:317:

Watson, S. H. and Kibler, C. S., 1922. Etiology of Hay-fever in
Arizona and Southwest. Jo. A. M. A. 78:719.

44

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“ CEREUS MUNZII sp. nov.
S. B. PARISH

Stems oblong, 10-20 cm. long, growing in compact cushion-like
clumps of 10-60; ris 10-20, rather low, tuberculately irregular; spines
in clusters of 10-16, Subulate, unequal, the 1-4 centrals 2.5-5 ecm. long,
the others slenderer, 2-3 cm. long, all whitish, becoming ashy-gray;
flowers campanulaie, 3-4 cm. broad, cerese pink, the ovary and short
tube bearing clusters of short, unequal, slender, white spines, their
axils containing short, crisped white wool, as do those of the other
spines; fruit rose-red, obovoid, 2.5 cm. high, crowned by the withered
floral segments and densely covered with clusters of about 10 white,
acicular spines, ajout 1 cm. long, readily deciduous, the white pulp
containing numerous small rugose seeds, edible.

Growing on dry, stony slopes at the lower edge of the pine belt,
at 1,400-2,000 m. altitude in the San Bernardino and the San Jacinto
Mountains to northern Lower California. Type in the herbarium of
the University of California, collected 2 miles below Kenworthy,
Thomas Valley, Riverside County, alt. 1,400 )m., May 21, 1922, Munz
& Johnston 5570. Other collections are: —Hastern end of Big Bear
Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, alt. 2,000 m. June 13, 1922, P. A.
Munz 5759; about 47 miles southeast of Tecate, Lower California,
alt. 1,400 m. Munz 9612.

Of the subgenus Echinocereus and near C. mojavensis Engelm.,
from which it is distinguished chiefly by the color of the flowers,
without intergrades. It occupies a distinct altitudinal and geo-
graphic range, the two species approaching one another on the east
side of the San Bernardino Mountains, whence C. mojavensis extends
to southern Nevada, and ©. munzii in the opposite direction to Lower
California.

—

STUDIES IN PACIFIC COAST LEPIDOPTERA

(Continued)

Dr. John Adams Comstock
A NEW ABERRANT BUTTERFLY FROM SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA,

In our series of Glaucopsyche lygdamus behrii, southern race aus-
tralis, we find three specimens in which the line of spots on the
secondaries has entirely disappeared. For this aberration we _ pro-
pose the name—

Glaucopsyche lygdamus behrii

race australis, ab. sinepunctata aberr. nov.

This corresponds, on the superior surface, to Grinnell’s type of aus-
tralis (comparison having been made with the type specimen which
has been kindly loaned to us by Mr. Jean Gunder, for illustrating on
our color plate 56.) The principal difference lies in the complete
obliteration of the line of spots crossing the inner part of the limbal
area on under side of secondaries, and also the entire absence of
spots in the basal area. The wing is therefore immaculate except
for a slight suggestion of a white line or dash near the outer edge of
cell. There is a slight reduction of the spots crossing the under
side of primaries.

The type is figured on our plate 56, to be subsequently published.

Type ¢ Mint Canyon, Los Angeles County, Calif., May 1st, 1921.

Paratype No. 1. $ Same locality, April 1920.

Paratype No. 2. ¢ Same locality, and date.

Type, and paratype No. 2, in the collection of the Southwest Museum.
Paratype No. 1 to be deposited in the Barnes collection, Decatur, Il.

48

NEW MOLLUSCAN SPECIES FROM THE
CALIFORNIAN PLIOCENE
BY CARLTON M. CARSON

Stanford University

The types and paratypes of the forms described in this paper
are in the Leland Stanford Junior University type collection.

The writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Dr. James
Perrin Smith for his assistance and suggestions, to Mrs. Ida S. Oldroyd
for help in identifying the living forms and to Mr. Leo G. Hertlein
for his aid in the preparation of this paper.

The names of the species described in this paper have been used
by the writer in a discussion of the Pliocene faunal zones of Southern
California in a paper which was published in the Pan-Amer. Geol.
Vol. 43, May 1925. The undescribed species listed there are all
described in the present paper.

Descriptions of New Species
Cancellaria elodiae, n. Sp.

Plate 1. Fig. 1.

Shell thick, ventricose, spire low, about five rapidly enlarging
whorls, body chamber large, suture distinct but not channeled; body
whorl sculptured with about twenty-four spiral ridges with wider
interspaces; intercalaries rare; fine axial riblets present on upper
three whorls but almost obsolete on the body chamber; inside of
cuter lip showing fine riblets, aperture semilunar, canal short, straight,
open; pillar straight with two narrow but high plaits with narrow
interspace, external siphonal fasciole present but not prominent.
Height of type 64 mm., diameter of type 37 mm., apical angle 70°.

Type No. 109 in L. S. J. U. collection.

Fernando Formation, lower Pliocene of Fugler’s Point, Santa
Barbara Co., Calif. Collected by J. O. Lewis.

This species resembles ©. perrini Carson but differs from it in
having less prominent axial ribbing, no nodes, no shoulder, and slightly
less prominent external siphonal fasciole. This species also resembles
C.-palmeri Carson but differs in being smaller, in having a more oval
aperture, and in having a lower spire.

This species is associated with Janira, Ostrea veatchii, Alectrion
moranianus, Miopleionia oregonensis, Cryptoconus carpenterianus, Car-
dium meekanum and Paphia staleyi.

Conus beali n. Sp.
Plate 1. Fig. 2.

Shell medium thick, whorls five or more and slightly convex on
the table, distinctly tabulate, spire high; body whorl slightly con-
tracted below; sculpture consisting of faint, small, spirally revolving
ridges at base of body whorl, becoming obsolete above. Height of
type 64 mm., diameter of type 32 mm.

Type No. 115 in L. S. J. U. collection.

Fernando Formation, lower Pliocene of the Puente Hills, Orange
Co., Calif. Locality N. W. %4 Sec. 25, R. 2S 11W. of San Bernardino
Meridian. R. N. Ferguson, collector.

In the Fernando beds of the Puente Hills are also found the fol-
lowing species:—Astrea breaensis, Conus californica. Trochita radians,
Chione elsmerensis, Chione fernandoensis. Panope generosa, Solen
sicarius, Thracia trapezoides and leaves and wood fragments referred
to Salix and Quercus cf. agrifolia.

49

1.

PLATE

50

Cancellaria fugieri Arnold
Plate 1. Fig. 3.

Shell medium thick, narrowly oval in outline, with six regularly
enlarging convex whorls and two nuclear whorls, whorls prominently
angulated above forming a narrow revolving table anterior to the su-
ture; suture distinct, channeled, apex small and sharp; sculpture reticu-
late, strong, composed of twenty-three narrow, rounded, spirally revoly-
ing ridges with wider interspaces each carrying one thread-like inter-
calary and thirty-six longitudinal ridges which grow weaker toward
the base of the last whorl, aperture ovate, canal short and open,
pillar straight, carrying two rather wide oblique plaits, callus very
thin, the sculpture showing thru; external siphonal fasciole very weak.
Height of type 48 mm., diameter of type 23 mm., apical angle 53°.

Pleisiotype No. 105, L. S. J. U. collection.

Fernando Formation, lower Pliocene of Fugler’s Point, Santa Bar-
bara Co., Calif. Collected by J. O. Lewis.

This species is obviously closely related to the recent (C. crawford-
iana Dall to which it was assigned by Dr. R. Arnold, but differs in the
tollowing respects:—this species has twenty-three revolving ridges;
C. crawfordiana has seventeen only; this species has thirty-six longi-
tudinal ridges; C. crawfordiana has but twenty which are much higher,
wider and heavier; the adult C. crawfordiana has two major and two
minor plications which are anterior to the major pblaits on the pillar;
this species shows but the two major plaits, the external siphonal
fasciole of C. crawfordiana is much more prominent than that of this
species. This form is therefore, raised to full specific rank and Ar-
nold’s varietal name used in the specific sense.

The following species are also found in this zone::. Alectrion cali-
fornicus, Miopleionia oregonensis, Cardium meekanum, Ostrea veatchii.
Janira, Gyrineum tewisti, Cancellaria rapa, Searlesia portolaensis and
Venericardia californica.

Cancellaria hamlini n. sp.
Plate 1. Figs. 4 and 6.

Shell thick, ventricose, spire high and sharp, whorls five or more;
suture distinct almost channeled; sculptured with about twenty-six
square-topped, spiral ridges with narrow, rather closely spaced
interspaces, often carrying an intercalarie, axial sculpture becomes ob-
solete at base of body whorl; aperture, canal, pillar, etc. concealed on
type but aperture on other specimens is ovate. Height of type 36 mm.,
diameter of type 20 mm., apical angle 59°. Height of adult 67 mm.,
diameter of adult 35 mm., apical angle 60°.

Type No. 110, L. S. J. U. collection.

Fernando Formation, lower Pliocene of Elsmere Canyon, Los
Angeles Co., Calif. Collected by C. M. Carson. Named in memory
of Homer Hamlin, who named the Fernando Formation.

This species resembles 0. rapa Nomland, but can be distinguished
from it by its higher and sharper spire, more rounded whorl, more
deeply indented suture, and by the greater size of the adult.

Astrodapsis fernandoensis, Arca canalis, Ostrea veatchii, Pecten
ashleyi, Pecten hemphilli, Pecten oweni, Astrea wndosa, Cancellaria
rapa, Conus beali, Ficus nodiferus, Thyasira bisecta and Panope gen-
erosa are common associates of Cancellaria hamlini.

Cancellaria oldroydia n. sp.
Plate 1. Fig. 5.

Shell thin, with five or six regularly enlarging whorls, suture
distinct, deeply channeled making a narrow revoiving table on the
top of the whorl, whorls flattened slightly laterally, apex missing;

51

2)

PLATE

52

sculpture strong, composed of about eighteen spiral flat-topped ridges
with wider interspaces which on the last whorl carry intercalaries;
crossed by weaker axial riblets which become almost obsolete at the
base; aperture ovate, outer lip slightly flaring at base, external
siphonal fasciole broken. Height of type 60 mm., diameter 30
mm., apical angle 45°.

Type No. 104, L. S. J. U. collection.

Purisima Formation, lower Pliocene, collected near mouth of
Purisima Creek, San Mateo Co., Calif.

This species obviously belongs to the group of the living C. craw-
fordiana Dall, but differs from it in its larger size, coarser sculpture,
tapulated whorl, and much more prominent external siphonal fasciole.
Named in honor of Mrs. Ida S. Oldroyd.

Associated with this species in the Purisima beds are the follow-
ing:—Cardium meekanum, Marcia oregonensis, Mya truncata, Pecten
purisimaensis, Schizothoerus pajaroanus, Spisula albaria, Zirphea gabbi,
Chrysodomus imperialis, Chrysodomus tabulatus, Alectrion moranianus,
Dendraster interlineatus, Chione elsmerensis, Dosinia ponderosa, Pec-
ten oweni and Dendraster ashleyi.

Cancellaria fergusoni n. sp.
Plate 1. Figs. 7 and 8.

Shell rather thin, spire low, whorls three, the upper two or three
whorls being missing, suture distinct, whorls shouldered, slightly tabu-
late, and strongly nodose at the angle of the shoulder; sculptured
with about ten fine revolving ridges, interspaces wide, carrying three
finer intercalaries, sculpture above the shoulder finer than below;
axial ribs present but not prominent, and almost obsolete on body
whorl, incremental lines distinct on body chamber; aperture ovate,
inside of outer lip shows a slight tendency to have spiral ridges,
pillar nearly straight carrying two, low, narrow, widely-spaced plaits,
callus thin, external siphonal fasciole very prominent, canal short
and open. Height of type 47 mm., diameter of type 25 mm., apical
angle 76°.

Type No. 106, L. S. J. U. collection.

Upper Pliocene of Barlow’s Ranch, Ventura Co., Calif. Collected
by R. Arnold. Also from the Fernando lower Pliocene of Fugler’s
Point, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. Collected by J. O. Lewis.

This species resembles (C. sanctae-mariae Carson but differs in
being nodose, in being more sharply shouldered, and in having a more
prominent external siphonal fasciole.

Cancellaria fergusoni is associated with the following forms in
the upper Pliocene:—Cancellaria tritonidea, Forreria belcheri. Drillia
inermis, Dendraster excentricus, Macoma nasuta, Alectrion perpinguwis,
A. fossatus, Olivella biplicata, Pecten circularis, Saxidomus aratus, Tere-
bra simplex, Turritella cooperi, OCrepidula princeps, and Dentalium
hexagonum.

Gyrineum lewisii, n. sp.
Plate 2. Figs. 1 and 2.

Shell bucciniform, spire high, apex broken, five whorls present,
suture deeply impressed, shoulder below suture narrow, whorls
rounded; varices prominent; body whorl marked by about nine rounded
grooves which at base of body chamber are found on top of wide,
raised, rounded, ridges with narrow interspaces, longitudinal ribs
lacking except on upper whorls; aperture oval, equal in height to
between 1/3 and 1/2 the estimated height of shell if complete; outer
lip slightly flaring at base, pillar straight, callus thick, canal missing
but on other specimens, short, narrow and curved. Height of type
115 mm., diameter of type 65 mm., mouth opening height 50 mm.,
width 39 mm.

53

9
oO.

PLATE

54

Type No. 114, L. S. J. U. collection. °

From the Fernando, lower Pliocene of Fugler’s Point, Santa Maria
District, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. Collected by J. O. Lewis.

This species resembles Gyrinewm marshalli Reagan but differs in
its greater size, in having a narrow table anterior to the suture, in
having many less and much coarser revolving lines, and in having a
notch at the top of the aperture.

Hollowing are some of the species occuring with this form:—
Dosinia ponderosa, Crepidula princeps, Cardium meekanum, Janira,
Glycimeris coalingoensis, Ostera veatchii, Panomya ampla, Alectrion
moranianus, and Miopleionia oregonensis.

Chrysodomus hawleyi n. sp.
IPME@ Ay. IMS. Bs

Shell thick, large, fusiform, spire high, whorls six in number,
most of last whorl and upper one or two missing; suture distinct,
appressed; whorl tabulate above, shoulder sloping; shell is ornamented
with twelve or more strong, rounded, equally spaced, spiral ribs;
interspace wide with one fairly strong spiral rib which in almost
every case has a small thread-like rib on each side of it; aperture
oval but contracted at base, outer lip smooth inside, inner lip smooth,
incrusted; canal narrow, probably long and recurved. Height of type
75 mm., diameter of type 40 mm.

Type No. 113. L. S. J. U. collection.

From the upper Pliocene four miles west of Santa Barbara, Calif.,
collected by W. A. Hawley. Also from the upper Pliocene of San
Pedro, Calif., collected by D. Arnold.

This species resembles C. tabulatws Broderip but differs in having
very much heavier spiral sculpture, much thicker shell, probably two
or three times as thick, in being lower spired, and in having the table
on the whorl sloping outward instead of inward.

Some of the common associates follow:—Tritonofusus rectirostris,
Chrysodomus tabulatus, Cantharus fortis, Panope generosa, Pecten
caurinus, Pecten bellus, Janira, Thracia trapezoidea, Turris smithi, and
Turritella jewetti.

Cancellaria palmeri n. sp.
Plate 2. Fig. 4.

Shell thick, ventricose, with five or six rapidly enlarging whorls,
suture marked by a distinct line, slightly appressed, sculpture con-
sisting of about twenty-two nearly square spiral ridges on the body
whorl, between a few of which are intercalaries; axial riblets are ap-
parently lacking but the growth lines are distinct; aperture ovate,
slightly flaring at base, inner lip and pillar concealed. Height of
type 85 mm., diameter of type 58 mm., apical angle 62°.

Type No. 107. L. S. J. U. collection.

Purisima Formation, lower Pliocene. Found in bluffs above beach
east of hotel, Capitola, Santa Cruz Co., Calif. Collected by R. H.
Palmer, for whom it is named.

This species resembles CO. rapa Nomland, but differs from it in its
much greater size and more ovate aperture.

The following forms are associated with this species in the
Purisima beds:—Marcia oregonensis, Panomya ampla, Spisula albaria,
Chrysodomus liratus, Chrysodomus tabulatus, Alectrion moranianus,
Natica clausa, Dendraster interlineatus, Arca canalis, Pecten etchegoint,
Pecten oweni, Dendraster ashleyi and Dendraster perrini.

55

Thais (Nucella) shumanensis nh. sp.
PIStGis. Hiss. Land sas

Shell thick, spire high, whorls six, nucleus missing, suture dis-
tinct, appressed; whorls well rounded; sculpture nearly obsolete,
consisting of faint, low, rounded, revolving ridges crossed by inecre-
mental lines, shell on the whole very smooth; aperture oval, outer
lip slightly reflected, inside of outer lip carrying three teeth closely
spaced with a fourth near the posterior end of the canal, pillar straight,
callus moderately heavy, umbilicus false, external siphonal fasciole
very heavy, canal short, deep, and recurved. Height of type 107 mm.,
diameter of type 50 mm., length of aperture 55 mm., diameter of
aperature 31 mm.

Type No. 112. L. S. J. U. collection.

Fernando Formation lower Pliocene, 4% mile N. of Schuman in rail-
road cut, Santa Maria District, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. Collected
by R. E. Collom.

This species resembles Thais lamellosa Gmelin, but differs from it
in its much greater size. Thais schumanensis Carson is probably a
predecessor of Thais lamellosa Gmelin.

Associated with this Thais at the Schuman locality are:—Arca
trilineata, Fusus sanctaecrusis, Glycimeris codlingensis, Ostrea veatchii,
Pecten estrellanus?, Pecten healeyi, Pecten stearnsii, Trochita radians
and Venericardia californica.

* Cancellaria newhallensis n. sp.
Plate 3. Fig. 3.

Shell thick, spire high, whorls five or more, body whorl large,
suture distinct, last two whorls have a row of strong nodes just below
the suture which give a tabulate appearance to the whorls; sculptured
with about twenty-eight spiral ridges, interspace wide but occupied
by a ridge almost as strong as the main ridges; the nodes are formed
on the axial ribs which are not especially strong; aperture ovate,
pillar nearly straight, carrying two strong, heavy piications, canal
narrow, external siphonal fasciole fairly prominent. Height of type
66 mm., diameter of type 38 mm., apical angle 65°.

Type No. 108. L. S. J. U. collection.

Fernando Formation, lower Pliocene of Elsmere Canyon, Los
Angeles Co., Calif., collected by C. M. Carson.

This species can be easily distinguished from Cancellaria hamlini
Carson by the presence of the nodes on the two latest whorls.

With this species are found the following:—Ficus pyriformis,
Cypraea fernandoensis, Murex eldridgei, Astrea breaensis, Pecten oweni,
Panope generosa, Thyasira bisecta, Arca grandis, Arca trilineata and
Cancellaria rapa.

Cancellaria perrini n. sp.
Plate 3. Fig. 4.

Shell thick, ventricose, whorls five and a nucleus, suture distinct
forming a collar but not channeled; whorls full but not rounded ex-
cept the last; apex small and sharp; sculpture consisting of about
twenty-three spiral ridges, and heavy axial ribs which on the last
whorl form a row of nodes, axial ribs become weaker below the nodes,
spiral ridges somewhat rounded, interspaces narrow and carry inter-
calaries in but few cases; aperture ovate, canal short, straight, open;
pillar straight with the usual pair of plaits, callus thin, external
siphonal fasciole prominent. Height of type 62 mm., diameter of
type 39 mm., apical angle 70°.

Type No. 102. L. S. J. U. collection.

56

Fernando Formation, lower Pliocene of Fugler’s Point, Santa
Barbara Co., Calif. Collected by J. O. Lewis. Also from the Fer-
nando of Klsmere Canyon, Los Angeles County, Calif. Collected by
C. M. Carson.

Named for Dr. James Perrin Smith. This species resembles @.
eiodiae Carson but differs from it in having much more prominent
axial ribbing and a row of nodes on the last whorl.

This species is associated with Arca trilineata, Pecten stearnsii,
Pecten lawsoni, Alectrion moranianus Bathytoma carpenteriana, Gly-
cimeris codlingensis, and Miopleionia oregonensis.

The Elsmere Canyon specimens show some variation from the
type specimen but it was not considered specific.

Cancellaria sanctae-mariae n. sp.
Plate 3. Fig. 5.

Shell moderately thin, spire high and sharp, five rapidly
enlarging whorls, distinctly shouldered and slightly tabulate; suture
distinct, appressed, sculptured with ten narrow, squarish, spiral ribs,
interspaces wide and carrying three thread-like intercalaries, axial
sculpture obsolete except on upper whorls, which are slightly nodose
on the shoulder; aperture ovate, pillar straight carrying two high,
narrow, widely spaced plaits, outer lip smooth within, canal short,
open, straight, external siphonal fasciole almost lacking. Height of
type 43 mm., diameter of type 23 mm., apical angle 62°.

Type No. 101. L. S. J. U. collection.

Fugler’s Point, Santa Maria District, Santa Barbara Co., Calif.
Fernando Formation, lower Pliocene. Collected by J. O. Lewis.

This species resembles (. fergusoni Carson but differs from it in
being less sharply shouldered and much less nodose on the shoulder.

This species is found with the following:—Pecten healeyi, Pecten
hemphilli, Phacoides annulatus, Cancellaria rapa, Gyrineum lewisii,
Alectrion moranianus, Ostrea veatchii, Paphia staleyi and Dendraster
ashleyi

Thais (Nucella) collomi n. sp.
Plate 4. Figs. 1 and 2.

Shell thick, solid, with six rapidly enlarging whorls; nucleus miss-
ing; suture distinct, whorls evenly rounded; sculpture consisting of
about thirty small rounded revolving ridges with narrower inter-
spaces, crossed by rather prominent growth lines which on crossing
the revolving ridges flare outward from the shell giving a peculiar
rough escalloped appearance to the surface of the shell; aperture
anteriorly contracted; outer lip much thickened and slightly reflected
with two teeth within; pillar long and concavely arcuate, moderately
callous, and slightly flattened; canal short, deeply indented and some-
what recurved. Height of type 122 mm., diameter of type 80 mm.,
height of aperture 60 mm., diameter of aperture 35 mm.

Type No. 111. L. S. J. U. collection.

Fernando Formation lower Pliocene, % mile N. of Schuman in
R. R. cut, Santa Maria District, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. Named
for R. E. Collom, the collector.

At this same locality are found Crepidula princeps, Cardium
quadrigenarium var. fernandoensis, Chrysodomus sp., Pododesmus
macroschisma, Natica lewisii, Olivella intorta, Panope generosa, Pecten
ashleyi, Pecten coalingensis?, P. estrellanus?, P. hastatus, and Barn-
acles,

Astrea breaensis n. Sp.

Plate 4. Figs 3 and 4.

Shell small, conical, spire low, whorls about four; whorls sloping
above, rounded on the sides and base, suture distinct, appressed;
sculpture consisting of prominent rounded oblique ridges, about twenty

57

PLATE 4.
58

on body whorl, with narrow interspaces, extending from the side of
the whorl to the suture above; base of body whorl marked by four
heavy, rounded, spiral ridges with narower interspaces; aperture of
moderate size, subcircular, outer lip simple, inner lip slightly thick-
ened, umbilicus false. Height of type 22 mm., maximum diameter
of type 41 mm., minimum diameter of type 35 mm.

Type No. 116. L. S. J. U. collection.

Fernando Formation, lower Pliocene, at mouth of Brea Canyon,
Puente Hills, Orange Co., Calif. Collected by C. M. Carson.

At this same locality are also found leaves referred to Salix and
Quercus ct. agrifolia, Conus californica, Trochita radians, Chione fer-
nandoensis, Panope generosa, Thracia undulata, Thracia trapezoides
and Solen sicarius.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE l.
Page

Mme, I, Conegiaria CuOCtag Ws Ssscccwsacceso oso obs ecouccucceds fll)

Locality—Fugler’s Point, Santa Maria District, Santa
Barbara Co., Calif. Lower Pliocene, Natural size. True
height of figured specimen 64 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.
IME, 2B COmRUS VOGOUE TOL S58 asiciate co orolaicics Sickel ences Aceon enoicl ate etna tomes 50
Locality—Puente Hills, Orange Co., Calif. Lower Pliocene.
Natural size. True height of figured specimen 64 mm.
L. 8. J. U. collections.

rig, 3 COnCcewarnie jwuolerd LNCOONGCacdcoods cocoa sheoonodosocdancus 50
Locality—Fugler’s Point, Santa Maria District, Santa
Barbara Co., Calif. Lower Pliocene. Natural size. True
height of figured specimen 48 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

lige, 4 CORCCUICHFEG \NCHTAAYOD. Mle 5) Osetonore oa cic cis cro Chol o Go bela cole ae 50

Adult. Locality—-Hlsmere Canyon, Los Angeles Co., Calif.
Lower Pliocene. Natural size. True height of figured
specimen 67 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

Me, 5. CONCQHIGHIG OUCPOUCHT We, Sis ooabccocasaedasegocunccnoome 50

Locality—Near mouth of Purisima Creek, San Mateo Co.,
Calif. Lower Pliocene. Natural size. True height of
figured specimen 60 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

ns. © COMCGHIHIG, 1KCHMUHOE Ws SOs scocoocococoocn00bnoobuoduddous 50
Young. Locality—Hlsmere Canyon, Los Angeles Co., Calif.
Lower Pliocene. Natural size. True height of figured
specimen 36 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

COMCENMAAG jCROUSOME We Bs coosonccodacaeoehovcoavocdo. 50
Locality—Fugler’s Point, Santa Maria District, Santa
Barbara Co., Calif. Lower Pliocene. Natural size. True
height of figured specimen 37 mm. L. 5S. J. U. collections.

Mie S. COmeewkarnic j;ERTUSOME Wo SMsorcscccanvdcocu00boccuuccbo0dr 50

Locality—Barlow’s Ranch, Ventura Co., Calif. Upper Plio-
cene. Natural size. True height of figured specimen 47
mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

(Photographs by Crandall of Palo Alto)

co

Fig.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

Mig, i. GCOWPUMCHMD UGIDISIE IN, SOroccgsoccscagccdc ss eos dcood nob oad 52
Adult. Locality—Fugler’s Point, Santa Maria District,
Santa Barbara Co., Calif. Lower Pliocene. Natural size.
True height of figured specimen 115 mm. L. 8. J. U.
collections.

IMe., 2A, CORIRGUD WGUDIGU Ag Sidosoococcoooaboeodo ooo dobdosonsomode 52
Young. lLocality—Same as Fig. 1. Natural size. True
height of figured specimen 63 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

59

Wig.

Co

GRIYSOGONVUS NAWlEYT. Te SDisesitie + viers'e ie o/s eee ve ee 52
Locality—4 mi. west of Santa Barbara, Calif. Upper Plio-
cene. Natural size. True height of figured specimen 75
mm. L. 8S. J. U. collections.

CaNCECULATIC DALNVETT We SDis <0 cole cle septs icalde ene eee 52

Locality—Bluffs east of hotel, Capitola, Santa Cruz Co.,

Calif. Lower Pliocene. Natural size. True height of

figured specimen 85 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.
(Photographs by Crandall of Palo Alto)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

PRA GNWCCULG) ES CIVILNUATVCTUSTUS) Ie) SP ieicre ch cielen eines nene nee 54
Adult. Locality—'% mile north of Schuman in R. R. cut.
Santa Maria District, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. Lower
Pliocene. Natural size. True height of figured specimen
107 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

LUAU ONUCCULA) VS CHUMOANETUSTS) Die (SD eres cece eae 54
Young. Locality—same as Fig. 1. Natural size. True
height of figured specimen 46 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

CONCCIIGTACETELOMOULETUSUS: Ve ASD ireler eso iciei- terse een ee 54
Locality—Elsmere Canyon, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Lower
Pliocene. Natural size. True height of figured specimen
66 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

CO UCA rR, INARA Ws Bbogodsconcdddadobucoascaccsuocene 54
Locality—Fugler’s Point, Santa Maria District, Santa Bar-
bara Co., Calif. Lower Pliocene. Natural size. True
height of figured specimen 62 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

CancellariarSanGltae-Mariage ne SDy eee eee eee 54
Locality—Fugler’s Point, Santa Maria District, Santa Bar-
bara Co., Calif. Lower Pliocene. Natural size. True
height of figured specimen 43 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

(Photographs by Crandall of Palo Alto)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

TUK (INCOGHO)) COMOUMG We WOsocoatoococtosbegsccanccceuce 58
Young. Locality—% mile north of Schuman in R. R. cut.
Santa Maria District, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. Lower
Pliocene. Natural size. True height of figured specimen
57 mm. L. §S. J. U. collections.

Thais (Nucelvia) coliomi wm. Sh. 1. + <1 -e- ae ee eerie 58
Adult. Locality—same as Fig. 1. Natural size. True
height of figured specimen 122 mm. L.S. J. U. collections.

A:Stréa UreEgensis: NY SPs. ee seis eta oa eee 58
Locality—Mouth of Brea Canyon, Puente Hills. Orange
Co., Calif. Lower Pliocene. Natural size. True height
of figured specimen 22 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

A:SETER. UTEMENSTS Ds SD eas ieee ay ceie. ere oes onel oe ee 58
Locality—same as Fig. 3. Natural size. True height of
figured specimen 22 mm. L. S. J. U. collections.

(Photographs by Crandall of Palo Alto)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arnold, R., The Tertiary and Quaternary Pectens of California. U. S.

Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper No. 47, 1906.

Arnold, R., New and characteristic species of fossil mollusks from

the oil-bearing Tertiary formations of southern California. Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 32, pp. 525-546, 1907.

60

Arnold, R., New and characteristic species of fossil mollusks from the
oil-bearing Tertiary formations of Santa Barbara County, Cali-
fornia. Smithson, Misc. Coll. (Quart. Issue) Vol. 50, 1907.

Arnold, R., Descriptions of new Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils from
the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.
Vol. 34, pp. 345-390, 1908.

Arnold, R., Paleontology of the Coalinga district Fresno and Kings
Counties, California. Bull. No. 396, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1909.

Arnold, R., Environment of the Tertiary faunas of the Pacific Coast
of the United States. Jour. Geol. Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 509-533, 1909.

Arnold, R., (and H. Hannibal), The Marine Tertiary stratigraphy of
the North Pacific coast of America. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Vol.
52, No. 212, pp. 559-605, 1913.

Carpenter, P. P., Report on the present state of our knowledge with
regard to the mollusca of the West Coast of North America.
Report British Ass’n Adv. Sci. for 1856, pp. 159-368, 1857.

Carpenter, P. P., The mollusks of western North America. Smith-
sonian Misc. Coll. No. 252, 1872.

Carson, C. M., Pliocene faunal zones in Southern California. Pan-
American Geologist. Vol. 43. May, 1925.

Carson, C. M., Some new species from the Pliocene of Southern
California with a few changes in nomenclature. Bull. So. Cal.
Acad. Sci. Vol. 24, Pt. 2, pp. 31-36, 1925.

Conrad, T. A., Fossils from northwestern America: Mollusca, U. S.
Expl. Exped. App. 1, pp. 723-729. pls. 17-20, 1849.

Conrad, T. A., Description of the fossil shells, Pac. R. R. Repts.
Vol. 5, pt. 2, app. pp. 322-329, 1856.

Conrad, T. A., Descriptions of the Tertiary fossils collected by the
Survey. Pac. R. R. Repts. Vol. 6, pt. 2, No. 2, pp. 69-73, 1857.
Conrad, T. A., Report on the paleontology of the Survey. Pac. R. R.

Repts. Vol. 7, pp. 189-196, 1857.

Cooper, J. G., Report on the Mollusca by William Cooper, with notes
by J. G. Cooper. Pac. R. R. Repts. Vol. 12, pt. 2, pp. 369-386, 1860.

Cooper, J. G., Catalogue of California fossils. 7th Ann. Rept. State
Mining Bureau, pp. 221-308, 1888. :

Cooper, J. G., Catalogue of California fossils. Bull. 4, California State
Mining Bureau, pp. 1-65, 1894.

Dall, W. H., Notes on some Tertiary fossils from the California
Coast, with a list of the species obtained from a well at San
Diego, Calif., with descriptions of two new species. Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci. Vol. 5, pp. 296-299, 1874.

Dall, W. H., Contributions to the Tertiary paleontology of the Pa-
cific Coast. 1. The Miocene of Astoria and Coos Bay, Oregon.
U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper No. 59, 1909.

Dall, W. H., Check list of the Recent bivalve mollusks of the north-
west coast of America from the Polar Sea to San Diego, Cali-
fornia. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, California, 1916.

English, W. A., The Fernando group near Newhall, California. Univ.
of Calif. Pub. Bull. Dept. Geol. Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 203-218, 1914.

English, W. A., The Agasoma-like gastropods of the California Ter-
tiary. Univ. of Calif. Pub. Bull. Dept. of Geol. Vol. 8, No. 10,
pp. 243-256, 1914.

Gabb, W. M., Paleontology of California, vol. 2, 1868.

Kelsey, F. W., Mollusks and brachiopods collected in San Diego,
California. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 1, No. 2, pp.
31-55, 1907.

Kew, W. S. W., Geologic Formations of a part of Southern Califor-
nia and their correlation. Bull. Amer. Ass’n. Pet. Geol. Vol. 7,
No. 4, 1923.

Martin, Bruce, Descriptions of new species of fossil Mollusca from
the later marine Neocene of California. Univ. of Calif. Pub.
Bull. Dept. Geol. Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 181-202, 1914.

61

Martin, Bruce, The Pliocene of middle and northern California. Univ.
of Calif. Pub. Bull. Dept. Geol. Vol. 9, No. 15, pp. 215-259, 1916.
Moody, C. L., Fauna of the Fernando of Los Angeles. Univ. of
Calif. Pub. Bull. Dept. Geol. Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 39-62, 1916.
Nomland, J. O., The Etchegoin Pliocene of middle California. Univ.
of Calif. Pub. Bull. Dept. Geol. Vol. 10, No. 14, pp. 191-254, 1917.
Smith, J. P., Geologic range of Miocene invertebrate fossils of Cali-
fornia. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4th Ser. Vol. 3, pp. 161-182, 1912.
Smith, J. P., Climatic Relations of the Tertiary and Quaternary
Faunas of the California Region. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 4th Ser.
Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 123-173.
Waring, C. A., Fossils characteristic of California

formations, (in
Bull. 69, Calif. State Mining Bureau, 1914).

7¢

Iigeg of Parnassius smintheus, highly magnified.
FIGURE 6.

=)
© oes J4

e Cr)

Larva of Parnassius smintheus,
enlarged. After Edwards.

FIGURE 7.

62

BUTTERFLIES OF CALIFORNIA

(Continued)

Dr. John Adams Comstock
Genus EURYMUS Swains
THE SULPHURS

The Golden Sulphur (Hurymus occidentalis chrysomelas Hy. Edw.)
is one of our rarer forms, limited in range to the northern counties,
where it is occasionally encountered in the months of May, June and
July. A southern race was separated by Henry Edwards, which is
smaller and has narrow margins, and which: was named for the
type locality, Santa Barbara. This form, The Barbara Sulphur (2H.
occidentalis barbara Hy. Edw.) has been confused with Harford’s Sul-
phur by the majority of California collectors, probably as a result
of Wright’s figures * which show specimens of H. harfordi as barbara.
Our plate 15 pictures the Golden Sulphur, figures 7, 9 and 10, and
the Barbara Sulphur, figure 8. The latter specimen is the one which
was figured by Drs. Barnes and McDunnough in their Contributions,
Volume 3, Plate VII, figure 9. It was loaned to us for this plate
through the courtesy of Dr. William Barnes. Foodplant: probably
various species of the Fabaceae (Bean family).

Harford’s Sulphur (#. harfordii Hy. Edw.) is common in the
mountains of Southern California, and is taken with increasing rarity
as it approaches the northern limit of its range in Contra Costa and
adjacent counties. It is a mid-summer species. The larvae have been
reared on rattleweed (Astragalus. )

lilustrated on Plate 15, figures 1 to 4.

ore

SVU Ty

E
hs
iS
Aaz

THT ITT

Egg of Hurymus Hgg of Eurema

harfordii, greatly nicippe, greatly
magnified. magnified.
FIGURE &. FIGURE 9.

Edward’s Sulphur (2. alexandra edwardsii Edw.) is a western race
of the Alexandra Sulphur, occuring in the Mono basin, and the high
desert plateaus east of the Sierra Nevadas, and the desert lands to
the north. It is comparatively rare.

The caterpillar probably feeds on such leguminous plants as As-
tragalus, Thermopsis, and other members of the bean family.

Illustrated on Plate 15, figures 11, 12 and 13.

Behr’s Sulphur (EH. behrii Edw.) was at one time considered our
rarest species of the group on account of its restricted range, com
parative isolation and short season. To secure it, one must scale our

* Butterflies of the West Coast, Plate X, figure 85. W. G. Wright.
63

noble Sierras in mid-summer and seek the glacial flower-strewn mea-
dows. In sunny days of late July it fairly swarms in favored lo-
calities above Yosemite. Mineral King seems to be about its south
ern limit.

The larvae feed on the dwarf billberry (Vaccinium caespitosum )
and Gentian newberryi.

Illustrated on Plate 16, figures 1 to 3.

The females occur in two forms, a dull yellow and a whitish, both
of which are heavily obscured with the characteristic green. To the
latter form the author has given the name canescens. It is shown
on figure 4 of Plate 16.

Larva of Eurymus harfordii, enlarged. Chrysalis of Eurymus
harfordii, enlarged.

FIGURE 10. FIGURE 11.

Genus EUREMA Hbn.

The Mexican Yellow (Hurema mexicana Bdvy.) is an occasional
capture in the southern counties of the state. It is evidently double
brooded, as records are available for the spring and fall months.
More commonly it is reported from lowland desert areas, but an 0oc-
casional specimen finds its way into the mountainous districts.

Little is known of its metamorphosis, but the larval food-plant
is probably Cassia.

Illustrated. Plate 16. ¢ fig. 5; 9 fig. 7; ¢ umderside, fig. 6.

The Nicippe Yellow (Hurema nicippe Cram.) is our most abun-
dant member of the genus in Southern California, due to the frequent
use of introduced Cassias as ornamental garden shrubs. Santa Bar-
bara is about the northern limit of its range. The species breeds
continuously throughout the year, the first generation appearing in
April or May, and the insect becoming increasingly plentiful as the
season advances, until the first cold spell of our short winter puts
it ‘out of the running.’

Early stages. Egg: elongate, conical, tapering at both ends,
and ribbed with low longitudinal lines. There are a few transverse
striations at the upper end only. Color, yellow. The eggs are, aS a
rule, laid singly on the under surfaces of tender leaves, but oc-
casionally one is deposited on the upper surface. (See Figure 9.)

Caterpillar: velvety-green, with a fine whitish-yellow stripe
laterally placed.

Chrysalis. This is illustrated in our cut (figure 14) which ren-
ders a description unnecessary. The color is an olive-green, with
occasionally a few russet spots.

Larval foodplants: Cassia and other Leguminosae.
Illustrated. Plate 16. ¢ fig. 8; 9 fig. 10; ¢ underside, fig. 9;
dwarf 9 fig. 15.

64

Larva of Papilio eurymedon. Chrysalis of Papilio eurymedon,
slightly enlarged.

FIGURE 12. FIGURE 13.

The Little Sulphur (Hwrema lisa Bdv. & Lec.) synonym euterpe
Men. has been listed for California by one of the early collectors,
but Jater work over a period of many years has failed to substantiate
the record. It is comparatively common in Southern Arizona, and
there seems to be no reason why it should not become established
in this state, in view of favorable climatic conditions and an abun-
dance of foodplant. The larvae feed on Cassia and clover.

Early stages. These were figured by Boisduval, but a careful
recording of each stage in the metamorphosis remains to be done.

Illustrated. Plate 16. ¢@ fig. 11; 9 fig. 13; @ underside, fig. 12.

The Delia Sulphur (Huwrema demoditas Hbn.) synonym delia Cram.
is another species recorded for the state in the early days, and of
which no confirmation has since been made. It is normally an in-
habitant of the Gulf states. The early stages are probably similar
to those of lisa.

Illustrated. Plate 16. 9 fig. 14; @ underside, fig. 16.

Few illustrations of the early stages of California butterflies are
available to nature students. This phase of the subject offers a fas-
cinating field of research for the western lepidopterist. The com-
plete metamorphoses of a large number of native species is entirely
unknown, in spite of the ready availability of material for -study. Col-
lectors are urged to gather the eggs and caterpillars of every species
that it is possible for them to secure, and to record their findings.
The author will gladly cooperate in this work.

A number of drawings of butterfly eggs, caterpillars and chry-
salids are published in this issue of the Bulletin, which will consti-
tute the first of a series of such illustrations dealing with the known
life histories of our native forms.

Chrysalis of Eurema nicippe,
slightly enlarged.
FIGURE 14.

65

LONICERA AND SYMPHORICARPOS IN SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA
—— By -——
DAVID D. KECK

This paper has been prepared under the direction of Dr. Philip
A. Munz of Pomona College, who, while at the Gray Herbarium of
Harvard University, saw specimens and secured notes that have been
of great use in the preparation of this work. To him and Dr. I. M.
Johnston of the Gray Herbarium I am indebted for notes and sugges-
tions. I wish also to express gratitude to Mr. F. W. Peirson of Pasa-
dena, Dr. L. R. Abrams of Stanford University and Miss Alice Hast-
wood of the California Academy of Sciences for loans of herbarium
material. In citation of specimens the following abbreviations are
used:

Pomona College Herbarium (Po),

Stanford University Herbarium (St),

Peirson Herbarium (FP),

California Academy (CA),

Gray Herbarium (G).

,

I. LONICERA
Key to the Species*

A. Flowers sessile, in threes, arranged in terminal spikes or panicles,
not enveloped in conspicuous foliaceous bracts; corolla distinctly
irregular with one lobe well separated from the rest; filaments
free for a distance at least equal to the length of the anthers.

B. Leaves all distinct, never connate; no parts glaucous; flowers
in panicled, pubescent spikes; corolla 10-14 mm. long, pubes-
cent outside, yellow.

C. Leaf blades linear-oblong to oblong, from 2.5 to 4 times
as long as wide; corolla 8-10 mm. long; mountains of
Santa Barbara Co. ....... la. L. subspicata var. typica.

CC. Leaf blades oblong-ovate to suborbicular, less than twice
as long as wide; corolla 10-14 mm. long; Ventura Co.
southward.

D. Leaves evidently whitish below, noticeably bicolored,
not yellowish beneath, strongly pubescent, especially
below; Ventura Co. to Lower California...........
BE ORC EER ICMR RCL OF Chee Bate 1b. L. subspicata var. Johnstoni.

DD. Leaves of yellowish cast beneath, not strongly bi-
colored, glabrate below; San Diego Co. to Lower
Californian acres le. L. subspicata var. denudata.

BB. Upper leaves connate, rarely all distinct; stems glaucous.

C. Inflorescence glabrous; corolla 10-14 mm. long, glabrous
without, yellow; leaves never stipulate. 2. L. interrupta.
CC. Inflorescence glandular pubescent; corolla 12-18 mm. long,
glandular pubescent without, purplish; all but lowes
leaves usually with stipular appendages. ..............
2 enaolls fe chee) ae Shaped ease sieda nese 3. L. hispidula var. vacillans.

“The common cultivated honeysuckle, L. japonica Thunb. escapes oc-
casionally and becomes naturalized, as in the San Bernardino Valley (Parish,
Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 19. pt. 4:25. 1920).

66

AA. Flowers in pedunceled axillary pairs, each pair enveloped in two
conspicuous foliaceous bracts; corolla subregular, no distinct lip;
filaments free for a distance less than the length of the anthers.

re NM cide ols Para cl Muon naceulal tse Tabac Ue) eV chet oshayieis 4. L. invotucrata.

Treatment of Species

41. Lonicera subspicata H. & A. Bot. Beechey Voy., 349. 1840.

A clambering shrub of the dry chaparral from 3 to 8 ft. high;
woody trunks; bark thin, shredded, grayish; .young .twigs minutely
puberulent, usually tinged purplish; leaves linear oblong to suborbicu-
lar, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 0.5-2.5 cm. wide, obtuse, entire, pubescence more
marked beneath, usually bicolored, no stipular appendages, coriaceous,
all distinct; petioles 1-5 mm. long, pubescent; spikes of few flowered,
compact whorls forming an open leafy panicle, spikes 2-12 cm. iong;
inflorescence pubescent; calyx lobes broadly lanceolate, ca. 1 mm.
long, greenish, pubescent; corolla yellowish or cream color, funnel-
formed, sometimes gibbous at the base, 8-14 mm. long, pubescent with-
out; tube gradually expanding into throat, both hairy within, 4-7 mm.
long; limb two lipped often recurved; lower lip elliptic oblong, Ga.
5-7 mm. long, ca. 2 mm. wide; upper lip ca. 6 mm. long, 4 lobed, sub-
regular, each lobe rounded deltoid, ca. 1.5 mm. long, ca. 1.5 mm. wide;
stamens less than, equalling, or exceeding limb in length, filaments
free for three-fourths of their length, pubescent at base, anthers ca.
3 mm. long, minutely puberulent to pubescent; pistil exserted, stigma
depressed globose, ca. 1 mm. wide; berry 5-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide;
seeds several, ca. 4 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide, concavo-convex bearing

two more or less plainly marked grooves on each surface, light brown,
shallowly pitted.

ja. Lonicera subspicata var. typica n. var.

Lonicera subspicata H. & A., Bot. Beechey Voy., 349. 1840. T. & G.,
Fl. N. Am. 2:8. 1841; of Rehder, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:175. 1903
for Santa Barbara Co.; of Parish, Bull. So. Calif. Acad. 3:79. 1904
for Santa Barbara Co.; of Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:457. 1910
for Santa Barbara Co.; of Davidson & Moxley, Fl. So. Calif. 344. 1923
for Santa Barbara Co. Caprifolium subspicatum (H. & A.) K. Koch,
Hort, Dendr. 294. 1853 and of Greene, Fl. Francisec. 348. 1892 for ma-
terial from Santa Barbara Co. Lonicera hispidula var. subspicata of
Gray, in Brew. & Wats., Bot. Calif. 1:280.. 1876 and Synop. Fl. N. Am.
1, pt. 2:18. 1884 for material of Santa Barbara Co.

Leaf blades linear oblong to oblong, from 2.5 to 4 times as icng
as wide; corolla 8-10 mm. long.

This plant is known only from the mountains of Santa Barbara
County. It occurs in dry situations in the chaparral at elevations
below 3,000 ft. Material studied: Santa Barbara Co.: Santa Bar-
bara, Hlmer 3729 (CA, St), Nuttall (G); Mountain Drive, Santa Bar-
bara, Abrams 4148 (St); Ellwood, Eastwood in 1908 (CA); Bartlett
Canyon, Santa Barbara, Rothrock 124 (G); Painted Cave Ranch, mts.
adjacent to Santa Barbara, Hastwood 65 (G); mountain road to Monte-
cito, Hastwood 197 (G). “California” Douglas (G).

1b. Lonicera subspicata var. Johnstoni n. var.

Lonicera subspicata of Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. 71, pl. 29. 1859;
of Rehder, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:175. 1903 for material south and
east of Santa Barbara Co.; of Coville, Con. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4:118.
1893; of Parish, Bull. So. Calif. Acad. 3:79. 1904 for material south
and east of Santa Barbara Co.; of Abrams, Fl. L. A., 381. 1904 and
349. 1917 for material south and east of Santa Barbara Co.; of David-
son & Moxley, Fl. So. Calif. 344. 1923 for material south and east of
Santa Barbara Co.; of Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:457. 1910
for material south and east of Santa Barbara Co.; of Johnston, Pl.

67

World 22:119. 1919; of Parish, Pl. World 20:255. 1917. Zonicera sp.
of Parish, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 13:12. 1914. Caprifolium subspicatum
of Greene, Fl. Francise., 348. 1892 for material south of Santa Bar-
bara Co.; of Davidson, List Pls. L. A. Co., 7, 1892 and Cat. Pls. Li A.
Co., 12. 1896; of McClatchie, Fl. Pasadena, 643. 1895. Lonicera his-
pidula var. subspicata ot Gray, in Brew. & Wats., Bot. Calif. 1:280.
1876 and Synop. Fl. N. Am. 1, pt. 2:18. 1884 for material south of
santa Barbara Co., in part. Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:121. 1902.

Leaves evidently whitish below, noticeably bicolored, never yellow-
ish beneath, strongly pubescent, especially below.

This variety occurs in all our mountains from Kern Co. to Lower
California being supplanted for a short distance along the coast about
San Diego by the following variety. Kern Co.: Vicinity of Fort Tejon,
Abrams and McGregor 309 (St). Los Angeles Co.: Sepulveda Can-
yon, Santa Monica Mts., Abrams 2544 (St), and 367 (St); Eagle Rock
Canyon, Greata in 1900 (St); Arroyo Sec, Grinnell 33 (St); Griffith
Park, Braunton 471 (St); Mount Lowe, Dudley in 1900 (St); Pasadena,
Grant 7T06a (St); Old Wilson Trail, Grant 2458 (St); Saw-Pit Canyon
near Monrovia, Dudley in 1907 (St); near Monrovia, Dudley in 1907
(St); San Gabriel Wash, Johnston 980 (Po); Sunset Trail, Johnston in
1924 (Po); Live Oak Canyon, Claremont, Crawford in 1915 (Po). San
Bernardino Co.: Cucamonga Canyon, Johnston (Po); San Bernardino,
Parish 430 (St), in 1891 (St); Waterman’s Canyon, Shaw and Illings-
worth 9 (St). Orange Co.: Santa Ana, Geis 518 (St); Santa Ana
Canyon, Kendall.in 1923 (Po); Santiago Canyon, Geis in 1902 (St);
Santiago Peak, Munz 7738 (Po). Riverside Co.: Poppet Flat, Idyll-
wild Road, Munz 8853 (Po); Temescal Canyon, near Lee Lake, John-
ston in 1918 (Po); Glen Ivy Trail to Santiago Peak, Munz 7052 (Po);
Hemet Valley to Vandeventer, Munz 4700 (Po); Temecula River, Peir-
son 217 (FP). San Diego Co.: Cameron’s Ranch, Laguna, Mearns
and Schoenfeldt 3713 (St); Doane Valley, Palomar Mt., Munz 8312
(Po); Laguna Mts. Peirson 4862 (FP), Munz 8353 (Po); Live Oak
Springs, Laguna Mts., McGregor 78 (St); Trail to Monument Peak,
Laguna Mts., Randall in 1918 (St); Julian, McGregor in 1918 (St);
Witch Creek, Alderson 441 (St), Abrams 4915 (St); Mountain Spring,
Mearns 3010 (St); Summit, McGregor 945 (St); Halfway between
Descanso and Alpine, Munz & Harwood 7141 (Po); Jacumba, Mearns
3255 (St). Lower California: Nachoguero Valley, Wearns and Schoen-
feldt 3431 (St).

These specimens were found to be intermediate between this va-
riety and the following: San Diego Co.: Laguna Mts., Munz 8352
(Po); Julian, Abrams 3804 (St). The following approach L. interrupta:
Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino Mts., Abrams & McGregor 704 (St)
and Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mts., Hall 2529 (St).

This plant occasionally has a narrow leafed form, intermediate
with typica: Saw-Pit Canyon near Monrovia, Dudley in 1907 (St).

1c. Lonicera subspicata var. denudata Rehder. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard.
14:176. 1903.

Lonicera subspicata var. denudata in Parish, Bull. So. Calif. Acad.
3:79. 1904 and Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:458. 1910. JL. hispidula
var. subspicata of Gray, in Brew. & Wats., Bot. Calif. 1:280. 1876
and Synop. Fl. N. Am. 1, pt. 2:18. 1884 for material from coastal San
Diego Co., in part. L. denudata of Davidson & Moxley, Fl. So. Calif.
344. 1923.

Leaves of yellowish cast beneath, not strongly bicolored, glabrate
below.

A coastal form restricted to a small area near San Diego. River-
side Co.: Temecula Canyon, Munz 7128 (Po). San Diego Co.: Fall-

68

brook, Parish in 1891 (St); Saws Diego, Spencer 88 (Po), Street in
1917 (St), Stokes in 1895 (St).

2. Lonicera interrupta Benth., Pl. Hartweg., 313. 1849.

Lonicera interrupta Benth. Rehder, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:176.
1903. Parish, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 3:79. 1904. Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 6:458. 1910. Abrams, Fl. L. A., 349. 1917. Davidson & Moxley, FI.
So. Calif., 344. 1923. Parish, Pl. World 20:255. 1917. Johnston, Pl. World
22:119. 1919. L. hispidula var. interrupta (Benth) Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8:628. 1873. Gray, in Brew. & Wats., Bot. Calif. 1:280. 1876 and
Synop. Fl. N. Am. 1, pt. 2:18. 1884. Caprifolium interruptum Greene,
Fl. Fran., 347. 1892.

Intricate bushy shrub with branches twining or leaning on other
vegetation; woody trunks; bark grayish, thin and fibrous; young stems
glabrous, reddish and glaucous; leaves orbicular to elliptical, obtuse,
retuse to mucronulate, entire, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide,
glabrous or minutely puberulent, glaucous beneath, green above, usually
without stipular appendages, coriaceous, usually the uppermost pair
connate-perfoliate; petioles 1 to 4 mm. long, glaucous, glabrous or
minutely puberulent; flowers in whorls in an interrupted spike; spikes
3 to 16 cm. long, forming an open panicle; inflorescence glabrous or
nearly so; calyx tube ca. 0.5 mm. long, lobes deltoid, yellowish, gla-
brous; corolla yellowish, funnel shaped, somewhat gibbous at base, 10-
14 mm. long, glabrous without; tube and throat hairy within, ca. 6-7
mm. long, tube gradually expanding into throat; limb two-lipped; lower
lip elliptic-oblong, ca. 7 mm. long, ca. 1.5 mm. wide, upper lip ca. 6
mm. long, 4-lobed, each lobe rounded deltoid, ca. 1.5 mm. long, ca. 1.5
mm. wide; stamens pubescent throughout equaling limb in length,
filaments free for 6-7 mm., anthers ca. 3 mm. long; pistil equaling
limb in length, naked, stigma depressed globose, ca. 1 mm. wide; berry
5-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide; seeds several, ca. 4 mm. long, ca. 3 mm.
wide, ca. 1 mm. thick, concavo-convex, with two shallow grooves on
each surface, gray green, shallowly pitted.

This mountain plant is found from the northern limits of our
range as far south as the San Bernardino Mts. Specimens studied:
Santa Barbara Co.: near Zaca Lake, Hastwood 544 (CA); La Cumbre
Trail, Santa Ynez Mts., Abrams 4319 (St). Ventura Co.: Mt. Pinos,
Peirson 4505 (FP); near White’s on Sespe Creek, Dudley and Lamb
4804 (St); Alamo Mt., Dudley and Lamb 4655 (St); Red Reef Can-
yon, Topatopa Mts., Abrams and McGregor 136 (St). Los Angeles Co.:
Liebre Mts., Abrams and McGregor 395 (St), 326 (St); Acton, Hasse in
1893 (St), Elmer 3694 (Po); Mint Canyon, Peirson 264 (FP), Munz
6793 (Po); Mt. Wilson Toll Road, Peirson 218 (FP); Rock Creek, San
Gabriel Mts., Peirson 4504 (FP); Prairie Fk., San Gabriel River, John-
ston 1713 (Po, St); Swartout Canyon, Abrams and McGregor 629 (St).
San Bernardino Co.: Waterman’s Canyon, Parish 5517 (St), Shaw and
Iilingsworth 226 (St); Seven Oaks, Mr. and Mrs. S. Grout in 1900 (Po).

VA 3. Lonicera hispidula var. vacillans Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:628. 1873.
Lonicera hispidula var. vacillans Gray in Brew. & Wats., Bot. Calif.
1:280. 1876. L. hispidula of Brandegee, Zoe 1:138. 1890; Mrs. Trask,
Hrythea 7:137. 1899. Probably L. hispidula var. subspicata of Brande-
gee, Zoe 1:114 and 138. 1890. L. hispidula var. vacillans of Brandegee,
Zoe 1:138. 1890 and of Lyon, Bot. Gaz. 11:333. 1886. ZL. catalinensis
Millsp., Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 5:252. 1923. L. californica T. & G., Fl. N.
Am. 2:7. 1841; Davidson & Moxley, FI. So. Calif., 344. 1923. L. hispidula
var. californica (T. & G.) Rehder, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:178. 1903;
Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:457. 1910; Abrams, Fl. L. A., 349.
1917; Parish, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3:79. 1904. Caprifolium cali-
fornicum (Gray) K. Koch, Hort. Dendr., 294, 1853. C. hispidulum var.
californicum Greene. Fl. Fran. 347. 1892.

69

Climbing bushes bearing long drooping twigs; bark grayish;
younger stems often purplish, usually glabrous, somewhat glaucous;
leaves elliptic-oblong to ovate, obtuse, from rounded to cordate at the
base, 3.5-8 em. long, 2-4.5 em. wide, usually glabrous above, puberulent
beneath, glaucous below, green above, thin or coriaceous, several up-
permost pairs connate-perfoliate, usually with conspicuous stipular ap-
pendages on all but lowest; petioles 3-5 mm. long on lower leaves,
glaucous, glabrous; spikes forming loose leafy panicles of many-flowered
whorls, 10-20 em. long; internodes 1-1.5 em. long; inflorescence usually
glandular pubescent; calyx tube ca. 1 mm. long, lobes deltoid, reddish,
glabrous or pubescent; corolla purplish, funnel shaped, 12-18 mm. long,
usually! glandular pubescent without; tube gradually expanding into
throat, tube and throat hairy within, ca. 6-9 mm. long; limb two lipped,
lower lip elliptic-oblong, ca. 7-10 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, upper lip 6-9
mm. long, four lobed, each lobe rounded and of varying length, 2-3
mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide; stamens nearly equaling limb in length,
usually pubescent throughout, filaments free for ca. 5 mm., anthers
3-4 mm. long; pistil equaling limb in length, pubescent, stigma depressed
globose, ca. 1 mm. wide; berry red, 7 mm. long, 6 mm. wide; seeds
few, 4-5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, ca. 2 mm. thick, brown, concavo-convex
with two shallow grooves on each surface, shallowly pitted.

This plant, more common in the region to the north, occurs spar-
ingly as far south as the San Jacinto Mts. and Catalina Island. The
following specimens from our region have been studied: Santa Bar-
bara Co.: Atascadero, Abrams 7654 (St). Los Angeles Co.: San Ga-
briel Mts., Sturdevants, Peirson 4502 (FP). Riverside Co.: San Ja-
cinto Mts., south:of Banning, Munz 8710 (Po). Santa Catalina Island,
Avalon, Grant 3789 (St).

4. Lonicera involucrata Banks, Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 1:759. 1825.
Lonicera Ledebourii Esch. Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 10:284. 1826;
Esch., Cham. and Schlecht., Linnaea. Litt. Ber. 1828:149. Rehder,
Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:100. 1908; Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:
459. 1910. L. involucrata Banks, Gray in Brew. and Wats., Bot. Calif.
1:280. 1876. Distegia Ledebourii Greene, Man. Bot. S. F. Bay, 164.
1894; Davidson and Moxley, Fl. So. Calif. 344. 1923. Caprifolium Lede-
bourii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:274. 1891; Greene, Fl. Fran., 346. 1892.

Spreading shrub with rather slender stems, 6-10 ft. high, ultimate
branches often dependent on adjacent vegetation; bark on branches
grayish brown, thin and fibrous, on leafy twigs ridged; youngest shoots
glandular pubescent; leaves oblanceolate to oval, obtuse or acute,
rounded or tapering at the base, 2.5-6.5 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, nearly
glabrous above, pubescent beneath, not glaucous, thin, all distinct; no
stipular appendages; petioles 3-5 mm. long, glandular pubescent; flowers
borne in pairs subtended by large leafy bracts which become reddish
with age, on a single axillary peduncle; two peduncles borne at a
node, very glandular toward flowers, somewhat pubescent; corolla
saccate at base, covered with hairs tipped with reddish glands withont,
tubular, yellow within and yellow without tinged with scarlet, 12-16
mm. long; throat not distinct from tube, naked or pubescent for nalf
the distance within; limb subregular, lobes rounded, ca. 1 mm. long,
1.5 mm. wide; stamens almost or quite equaling top of throat, naked
throughout, filaments adnate from near the anthers or from halfway
down, anthers 2 mm. long; pistil ca. equal with limb, style more or
less hairy, stigma globose, ca. 1 mm. wide; berries black, 8-10 mm. in
diameter; seeds 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick, shallowly
pitted, more or less wrinkled.

This plant occurs as far south as Santa Barbara Co., Abrams 1.
c., but the most southern material studied was San Luis Obispo Co.:
Santa Lucia Mts., Munz 9247 (Po). Dr. Munz while at the Gray Herb-
arium studied the following specimens: Santa Barbara, Nuttall, (G);
Santa Ynez Mts., Mrs. Elwood Cooper, June 1879 (G).

70

V

Il. SYMPHORICARPOS
Key to the Species

A. Corolla 12-15 mm. long, tube narrow and over 10 mm. long: anthers

versatile, scarcely if at all free; style bearded; restricted to the

GES Cita AMI SSH aay Heche rue dnebtaluoneeneate sala eapaste 1. 8S. longiflorus.

AA. Corolla not over 10 mm. long, tube scarcely distinguishable or
not over 2 mm. long; anthers free; style naked; coastal.

B. Corolla 5-10 mm. long, lobes ca. one-fourth entire length of
corolla; leaves grayish green; branches declined, often root-
ing; found above 5,000 feet alt........-....... 2. S. Parishu.

BB. Corolla 4-6 mm. long, lobes extending nearly to the middle:
leaves bright green; branches erect or spreading, never root-
ing; found below 5,000 feet alt.......3. 8. albus var. mollis.

Treatment of Species

1. Symphoricarpos longiflorus Gray, Jour. Linn. Soc. 14:12. 1875.

Symphoricarpos longifloruws Gray in Synop. Fl. 1, pt. 2:14, 1884.
Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4:117. 1893. Brandg., Zoe 5:149. 1903.

Low, spreading shrub, branches somewhat declining, from 5-10
dms. long; bark grayish, thin and fibrous, younger twigs glabrate and
glaucous; ieaves lanceolate to elliptical, acute or obtuse, narrowed at
the base, entire, 1-1.5 cm. long, 0.3-0.5 cm. wide, minutely pubescent,
glaucous, grayish, thick; stipules absent; petioles 1-3 mm. long, gla-
brate; flowers solitary in axils of terminal leaves, very fragrant; calyx
campanulate, naked, 5-lobed, each lobe deltoid, green, ca. 1 mm. long;
corolla salverform, 12-15 mm. long, pink, glabrous without and within;
tube 11-13 mm. long; throat scarcely distinguishable; lobes 5, subregu-
lar, oblong, ca. 2 mm. long, ca, 1 mm. wide; stamens ca. equalling
tube, anthers versatile, ca. 2 mm. long, filaments scarcely if at all free;
pistil 5 mm. long, style bearing few long hairs, stigma depressed glo-
bose, appearing two or three lobed, 0.5 mm. wide.

In Southern California proper known from a single station:
Providence Mts., San Bernardino Co., where it grows in ‘the Upper
Sonoran Zone at about 5,000 ft. altitude. Munz, Johnston and Harwood
4388 (Po, FP). To the north it is known from several collections in the
Death Valley and surrounding regions: (Coville 1]. c.); Chloride Cliff,
Death Valley, Jaeger 130 (Po).

“Ds Symphoricarpos Parishii Rydb., Bull. Torrey Club 26:545. 1899.

Symphoricarpos Parishii Rydb. Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:
457. 1910. Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:122. 1902. Parish, Pl. World
20:255. 1917. Johnston, Pl. World 22:118. 1919. Davidson & Moxley,
Fl. So. Calif., 348. 1923. Probably S. oreophilus of Davidson, Cat. Pls.
L. A. Co., 12. 1896. Parish, Zoe 4:163. 1893.

A low, spreading shrub, branches declined, sometimes rooting at
the end, 5-10 dm. long; bark on young twigs reddish, thin, shredded,
glabrate; leaves elliptical to oval, acute or obtuse, entire or toothed,
1-2.5 cm. long, 0.5 to 1.3 em. wide, (Munz, Laguna Mts. 5 cm. long, 2.5
em. wide) pubescent or glabrate, bicolored, gray green, thick; stiples
absent; petioles 1-3 mm. long, pubescent or glabrate; flowers axillary in
1- to few-flowered terminal clusters; calyx campanulate, naked or gla-
brate, with 5 irregular lobes, scarious margined, green, ca. 1 mm. long;
corolla campanulate to tubular funnelform, 5-10 mm. long, pink, gla-
brous without, throat hairy within; tube scarcely distinguishable or 1-2
mm. long; throat 4-7 mm. long; limb 1-3 mm. long, with 5 subregular
lobes, oblong, 1-3 mm. long, 1-2.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens included
in the limb, naked, filaments free about 1-2 mm., anthers 1.2 mm. long;
pistil ca. 4 mm. long, naked, stigma depressed globose, ca. 0.8 mm.

71

wide; fruit a drupe, nutless usually 1-3, elliptical, pointed at both
ends, flattened, striate.

This species, found only above the Upper Sonoran Life Zone, is
frequent in all of our higher mountains in dry open situations. The
following specimens have been studied: Tulare Co.: Bonita Meadow,
Hall & Babcock 5190 (St). Kern Co.: Canyon above Castac Lake,
Dudley & Lamb 4472 (St, Po); Frazier Mt., Dudley & Lamb 4472a (St).
Ventura Co.: Goodenough Meadow, Dudley & Lamb 4740 (St, Po);
Topatopa Mts., Abrams & McGregor 106 (St). Los Angeles Co.:
Blue Ridge, San Gabriel Mts., Peirson in 1922 (St); Big Pines,
Peirson 4506 (FP); along stream north of Waterman, Peirson 2439
(FP); west spur of Baldy, Johnston 1727 (Po, St), Munz 1686 (Po, St);
Swartout Canyon, Abrams & McGregor 638 (St). San Bernardino Co.:
_ Coldwater Fork of Lytle Creek, Johnston 1389 (St, Po); head of
South Fork of Lytle Creek, Johnston 1472 (Po, St); Cienega Seca
Creek, Munz 6290 (Po); Bluff Lake, Peirson 1200 (FP), Benten in
1908 (St); Bear Valley, Parish 10940 (St), 2093 (St), Abrams 2081
(St); Foxesee Creek, Peirson 2264 (FP); Seven Oaks, Mr. & Mrs: S.
Grout in 1902 (Po); Dry Lake Canyon, Abrams & McGregor 787 (St),
Riverside Co.: Tamarack Valley, Hall 2485 (St); Tahquitz Valley,
Grinnell in 1908 (St, Po), Munz 6016 (Po); Toro Peak, Munz 5879 (Po).
Orange Co.: Santiago Peak, Munz 7751 (Po), Munz & Keck 7071 (Po).
San Diego Co.: Laguna Mts., Munz 8400 (Po).

The retention of Parishii as a species is a question of doubtful pro-
cedure. S. Parishii runs into Sierran materia! of S. oreophilus and
into material to-the east, but it seems unwise to make any nomen-
clatural changes, without making a more thorough study of the re-
lationships of the S. oreophilus and S. rotundifolius group.

3. Symphoricarpos albus (L) Blake var. mollis (Nutt.) n. comb.

Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. Am., 2:4. 1841.
Gray, in Brew. & Wats., Bot. Calif. 1:279. 1876. Gray, Synop. Fl. 1,
pt. 2:14. 1884. Lyon, Bot. Gaz. 11:333. 1886. Brandegee, Zoe 1:137.
1890. McClatchie. Fl. Pasadena, 643. 1895. Davidson, List Pls. L. A.
Co, 7. 1892 and Cat. Pls, i. A. Co. 12551896. Abrams hi aueAes ol.
1904 and 349. 1917. Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:456. 1910. Mox-
ley, Lorquinia 1:3. 1916. Parish, Pl. World 20: 255. 1917. Davidson
& Moxley, Fl. So. Calif., 343. 1923. Millspaugh & Nuttall, Field Mus.
Pub. Bot. 5:251, 1923. S. racemosus of Gray, Bot. Calif., 1. e. for S. Calif.
material and of Gray, Synop. Fl. 1. c. for S. Calif. plants. Davidson,
List of Pls. L. A. Co. 7. 1892. Davidson & Moxley, Fl. S. Calif. 344. 1923.
S. cihatus Nutt. in T. & G., WI. N. Am., 2:4. 1841.

Low, erect, diffusely branched shrub, 3-6 (9) dm. high; bark
grayish, thin and fibrous, younger stems brown or reddish, minutely
pubescent; leaves elliptical to orbicular, obtuse, from obtuse to rounded
at the base, entire or lobed or toothed, 1-4 cm. long, .75-3. em. wide,
velvety pubescent above, more so beneath giving whitish cast to under
surface, thin; stipules absent: petioles 1-4 mm. long, pubescent; in-
florescence a crowded spike of several flowers, 8-5 cm. long, softly
pubescent; calyx tube adnate to ovary, lobes subregular,’ acutely del-
toid, fringed with hairs, green, ca. 0.5 mm. Jong; corolla a deep pinkish,
open campanulate, glabrous without, 4-6 mm. long, lobed nearly to the
middle, tube not differentiated from throat, throat bearing long white
hairs within, lobes five, regular, oblong lanceloate, ca. 3.5 mm. long,
ca. 2 mm. wide; stamens nearly equaling limb, naked, filaments free
less than half their length, anther ca. 0.8 mm. long; pistil 3-4 mm.
long, naked, stigma depressed globose, ca. 1 mm. wide; fruit a white
berry, ca. 5 mm. in diameter; seeds several, hard, 3-4 mm. long, ca.
2 mm. wide, convex or flattened, smooth.

This variety is found in our region from Santa Barbara Co. south
and east to the Mexican border. Its habitat is the coastal valleys

72

though it ascends the canyons to about 5,000 feet altitude. The follow-
ing specimens were studied: Santa Barbara Co.: South side of
Gaviota Pass, Munz 9299 (Po); Shepard’s, Abrams in 1908 (St); La
Cumbre Trail, Santa Inez Mts., Abrams 4309 (St). Los Angeles Co.:
Summit, Santa Susanna Mts., Moxley & Grinnell 498 (St); Topango Can-
yon, Santa Monica Mts., Munz & Harwood 3988 (Po, St); Sepulveda
Canyon, Santa Monica Mts., Barber 74 (Po), Abrams 347 (St), 2552
(St); Santa Monica Mts., Abrams 1308 (St); Pasadena, McClatchie
in 1893 (St); Little Santa Anita Canyon, Grant in 1902 (St); Mt.
Wilson Trail, Grant in 1900 (St), 1260 (St); Monrovia Canyon, Peirson
440 (FP); Wilson’s Peak, Brown in 1894 (Po); Evey Canyon, Johnston
2127 (Po, St); Hills south of Pomona, Johnston: 2002 (Po, St); Po-
mona, Munzg 2270 (Po). San Bernardino Co.: Devil’s Canyon, Parish
11340 (Po); North fork Deep Creek, Johnston 2866 (Po); Waterman’s
Canyon, Parish 2215 (St); San Bernardino Mt. S. B. & W. F. Parish
481 (St). San Diego Co.: Laguna, Munz 2173 (Po), 2685 (Po), Mearns
& Schoenfeldt 3555 (St); Witch Creek, Abrams 4912 (St); Smith Mt.,
Parish in 1897 (St); Buckman Spring, Stokes in 1895 (St), Cleveland
in 1884 (St); Spencer Valley near Julian, Abrams 3785 (St); 8 mi.
nerth of Descanso, Munz & Harwood 7174 (Po); near Summit, Pine
Hills, Spencer 336 (Po). Santa Catalina Island, Avalon, Grant (St),
Eagle Nest, Grant & Wheeler 6155 (St).

The only differences that I can find either in the specimens studied
or in the literature between S. albus and S. mollis is a greater pubes-
cence in the foliage and a less pubescence in the throat of the corolla
in the southern material (mollis). For this reason I cannot consider
mollis as a distinct species. This situation is somewhat in agreement
with Fernald’s observation (Rhodora 7:167. 1905) that “much of the
northwestern material which is passing as S. mollis, Nutt., seems in-
separable from S. racemosus.” (S. albus). Blake pointed out (Rhodora
16:117-119. 1914) that S. albus is an earlier name for the material
that has commonly gone as S. racemosus.

At the upper limits of its altitudinal range S. mollis offers some
puzzling intergradations with Parishii. For example Munz 9815 from
shaded slopes of Middle Peak, Cuyamaca Mts., 5,500 feet alt., bent over
and rooted at the tips as Parishii so often does. ;

UAT

|
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CONTENTS

es

BS a

Bard

INBREEDING OF JUNONIA COENIA, - - - - 4 -
Wilhelm Schrader

NOTES ON CACTACEA: Sj = = S ze S 2 2
S. B. Parish

GILIA INCONSPICUA var. DENTIFLORA n. var. - - -
A. Davidson, M.D.

BUTTERFLIES OF CALIFORNIA - - - = - =
Dr. John A. Comstock

NOTES ON DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA - - - - =
Barnes and Benjamin

THE HUBNER TENTAMEN = = = = » ss S
Barnes and Benjamin

SECRETARY’S REPORT - - > - - = - -

BULLETIN OF THE

Part 3

Page

17

83

84

85

88

Southern California
Academy of Sciences

a 8
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Dr. JOHN A. COMSTOCK \ oi ic0.ci0ci-i stasis President
Mx, S.-J. KOSeo giek fo 5 le an Vice-President
Dr. Forp: A. CARPENTER “3 ee ee 2nd Vice-President
Das. A Swit Se 8s ee Secretary
Mr. S) J. OBESE... iis ees ee od Treasurer
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Gero. W. Parsons
Dr, WiLtiAM A. Bryan HERBERT J. GOUDGE
Dr. A. Davipson Dr. FRANK CLARK
Dr. Forp A. CARPENTER Dr. R. H. Swirt
WILLIAM A. SPALDING
= 8
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Mr. ArTHUR B. BENTON Dr. D. L. TASKER
Mr. B. R. BAUMGARDT Dri Claw
Mr. R. F. Gross Mr. THEODORE PAYNE
= 8
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Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT WiLi1AM A. SPALDING
Chairman Secretary

BIOLOGICAL SECTION

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Chairman Secretary

PROGRAM COMMITTEE
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= 8
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ANSTRUTHER Davipson, C.M., M.D.

OFFICE OF THE ACADEMY
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SUTTERFLIES OF CALIFORNIA

PLATE NO. 17.

1 : — THE MONARCH
THE MONARCH ae P. archipaus F

INES
Danaus a ChLppUs

sow ae ae

THE SMOKY MONAlCH
D.archippus fUITIOSUS

THE STRIATED QUEEN
2 bereruce StCIGOSa ¥

_ pee er “ KERR'S ABERRANT QUEEN
THE STRIATED oe EN P berenice kerrl. &

ll figures slightly reduced

hg bo &

INBREEDING OF JUNONIA COENIA (LEPID.)
THROUGH THIRTY-FIVE SUCCESSIVE

GENERATIONS
WILHELM SCHRADER, Los Angeles, Cal.

Every nature lover marvels over the wonderful coloring and
marking of our thousands of different species of butterflies. My in-
terest in these beautiful insects was aroused as a small boy, and
now, at three score years, this interest deepens, the longer I am
able to carry on experiments.

It is obvious that the many thousands of different patterns evi-
denced in butterflies were not produced at one time, but are the result
of a series of gradual changes. It is a fascinating pursuit to endeavor
to determine the factors that are operative in their production, and
to produce by experimental means in a short space of time, changes
that, in a state of nature are the result of many centuries.

This I have accomplished in a measure, as a result of intensive
breeding, with a variety of artificially produced environments.

Experimentation in this field was begun in 1906, in a small sunny
room, and with very little time at my disposal. The results of this
earlier work were published in various scientific journals. The ter-
rible world war, and consequent business depression, had its effect
in inhibiting many scientific activities, and it is only at this time
that matters have shaped themselves for a further recording of work
carried on since my last published notes.

A brief summary of former experimentation will first be given,
but before introducing this I wish to thank Dr. John Comstock, the
president of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, for his
aid and encouragement in this work. As the result of these experi-
ments is of educational value, I will present all of the original speci-
mens described and illustrated on the two accompanying plates, to
one of the local museums, for permanent exhibition.

There seems to have been some misunderstanding by some of
my former readers, as to the meaning of the term inbreeding, and
an explanation is here in order.

Live-stock specialists follow three distinct methods of breeding,
namely, inbreeding, line-breeding and crossing. The terms are self-
explanatory.

Inbreeding has been demonstrated to be the best method of
rapidly fixing a new point in color or marking.

This is carried on in the following way; a gravid female of the
usual type is captured in the open, and imprisoned in a wire cage
over a potted plant that is known to be the proper food of the species.
This is placed in a sunny spot, and the female proceeds to oviposit.
The butterflies finally resulting from these eggs are my first genera-
tion. These are mated, (brother with sister, to use the common
vernacular.) Successive generations are paired in the same way,
care being taken to select examples that show the special points it
is desired to preserve.

I have tried line-breeding, by mating two males of the same
species, captured in separate localities, with two females captured
in a like manner. The progeny of these two matings were kept
separate,—one designated line A, the other line B.

Males of line A were mated with females of line B, and vice
versa. Hach successive generation was mated in the same manner.

This form of breeding was found to be productive of little re-
sult, and was much more difficult to carry on. One drawback re-

0

ATH 1.

PL

[o“4)

sulted from the fact that butterflies live on the average only five
days. The two lines would often come to maturity at different times
and could not therefore be bred.

The crossing of butterflies of different species has not met with
success, largely because of the fact that the genital organs are of
quite different types in each species. This does not hold to the same
extent for certain groups of large moths, which are more primitive
in structure. Prof. Stanfuss, of Zurich, Switzerland, and other experi-
mentors, have met with some success in the latter group. My own
work has not included cross-breeding, but has been carried on by
intensive inbreeding under varying environments, such as high or
low temperatures, increased moisture, or low humidity, exclusion or
increase of light, etc.

This has resulted in demonstrating that these environmental
combinations have striking results, in combination with selective
inbreeding, in changing the colors and markings of butterflies.

Much light has thus been shed on the origin of various ‘changes
which make for the production of new species. It can hardly be ex-
pected however, even with the applicaticn of great patience, that radi-
cal changes can be produced in the short span of one life time, when
compared with the great amount of time in which nature has operated.

Every collector of Lepidoptera knows that many butterflies pro-
duce seasonal forms, the spring generation frequently being quite
different from that produced in the summer. There are also many
“sports” arising in a state of nature, which frequently vary in a marked
degree from the usual insect.

Many of these latter variations arise, so far as my experiments
seem to demonstrate, through exposure to heat, from excess of sun-
light, at a critical time in the development of the chrysalids. Aber-
rations of this sort are usually too weak, however, to reproduce
themselves.

Junonia coenia has proven the ideal species with which to work.
It is longer lived than the average species, the males remaining active
about seven days, and the females, when gravid, about two weeks.
They become quite tame in captivity, and are easy to handle.

The experiments were begun in a moist air incubator, with a
temperature of 80 to 90 deg. Fahr. A complete cycle, from egg to
butterfly was carried through in the short span of one month.

This rate could not be maintained however, on account of the
development of contagious diseases. The food plant was cultivated
in pots to insure its succulency. From 50 to 100 out of each genera-
tion were retained, a task that was most difficult on account of the
rapid consumption of the plants. When large enough to be easily re-
moved, the young larva were transferred to cut stems of garden
grown plants, which had to be renewed daily. The wire cages had
to be cleaned every day, to offset the possibility of wilt disease at-
tacking the caterpillars. Various parasites had to be guarded against,
and the ants controiled.

Very moist air will, in most butterflies, produce a darker ground
color, or an enlargement of dark spots. In Junonia, this change is
barely perceptible in the first few generations. A few of the females
develop enlarged ocelli on the fore-wings.

These are selected, and paired with males of the same inbred
generation. Hach successive brood shows an increase in the number
cf females with enlarged spots on the primaries, and eventually the
largest ocellus shows a tendency to develop an appendix. In the
course of eight or ten generations a few males will appear with the
same changes evident. These. when paired with “sisters” will produce
still more startling results, as will be noted on plate 1, No. 3 9, a
specimen with dark ground color, and black appendices on the ocelli

79

PLATE 2.

80

of forewings,—and also in specimen No. 4°¢ of the same plate. Both
these specimens are of the tenth generation. It will be noted that
these specimens are of unusually large size, contrary to the accepted
belief that continued inbreeding causes degeneration. I have suc-
ceeded in maintaining the customary size of this species through
thirty-five generations.

After the tenth generation occasional females arise in which a
light center appears in the aforementioned appendix.

The best of these were selected and paired. In the 25th gener-
ation, females were produced with double ocelli, (see plate 1 No. 5 9)
and males appeared with very large appendices on the ocelli of the
forewings. (plate 1, No. 6 @.)

In the females a double white spot will be noted near the outer
margin in the apex of the forewings. This is the sex mark of the
females of Junonia.

Cool Air Experiments

Making a selection of young caterpillars, from the line bred con-
tinuously in 80 to 90 deg. I placed these in a specially constructed
cool room. The temperature was first regulated to about 70 deg.
to stimulate better growth and not make too rapid a change. Fol-
lowing this the temperature was reduced to an average of 50 deg.
Each time that the caterpillars were given new food, which was about
twice a week, they were placed in 70 deg. temperature for a short
time only, to give them a good start in feeding. The chrysalids were
Maintained uninterruptedly in the cooler temperature. It was found
that the life cycle, in these reduced temperatures, was prolonged to
about three months, and in cool weather, even longer.

All of the examples which were transferred from warm to cool
air as caterpillars, produced striking changes in one generation.

This was evidenced in the enlargement, and frequently, conflu-
ence of the ocelli of the secondaries. Note Plate 1, figs. 79 and 8@4.
The experiment was frequently repeated, and always with the same
results. Protracted continued cool air inbreeding could not be con-
tinuously carried on however, as the effect of lower temperatures
seemed:to destroy the reproductive faculties.

It was also found that chrysalids taken from a line bred con-
tinuously in warm air, and transferred to the cool air chamber,
would, when hatched, show very little change. This seems to estab-
lish the fact that the influences responsible for the change are oper-
ative on the caterpillars.

Dry Air Experiments

Plate 1, No. 9 9, and No. 10 ¢ are the result of subjection to
dry air. It will be noted that all ocelli are greatly reduced, and the
smaller ocelli of the hind wings are obsolete.

These results were procured with the use of a 75 watt bulb, in
a specially constructed glass incubator. The procedure is difficult,
on account of the drying effect on the food plant. This marked
change in the size, and obsolescence of ocelli appears even in the
first generation, but only from caterpillars descended from _ butter-
flies that were raised for many generations in moist air.

I have twice raised six generations in dry air, but the start
was made with eggs collected from the outside. In each instance
there was only a small amount of reduction in size of the ocelli.

Selective Color Experiments

On July 5th, 1911, in Los Angeles, I captured a fertile female of
Junonia, which to all appearances was of the normal form, except
that it was of a large size. (See Plate 2, No. 1 9.)

81

From this example a number of eggs were obtained, which were
hatched and the caterpillars reared in a temperature of 80 to 90 deg.
All of the progeny were of much increased size, as will be noted
from Plate 2, Nos. 2 9 and 3 ¢. The ground color of these speci-
mens was also darker, and the two orange colored spots of the fore-
wings hear the costal margin were increased in size. Another marked
feature was the presence of a purplish irridescence near the costal
margin of the primaries and around the aforementioned spots.

I was partcularly interested in this irridescence, (which is evan-
escent, and fades with time) and desired to improve it by selective
inbreeding. Experience had demonstrated that a new color develop-
ment was first evidenced in the females, and only after a considerable
amount of selective breeding became apparent in the males.

In the third generation I obtained about 50 per cent of females
with this purplish hue. In subsequent generations a few males ap-
peared with the desired color. These were paired with females havy-
ing the requisite shade. (See plate 2, No. 4 9.) In the eleventh gen-
eration so much difficulty was experienced with parasites, that the
original stock was lost.

On July 12th, 1925, a fertile female was obtained, flying at large.
From this example over a hundred eggs resulted, which were separated
in two lots. One of these was subjected to moist warm air, the other
to dry air with increased temperature. The latter stock was given
particular attention, in an effort to increase the yellow coloration.

It was found that the dry warm air chamber markedly acceler-
ated the rate of growth, to such an extent that at the present writ-
ing (in a four months period) five generations have reached maturity.
This is a record for rapid development.

Plate 2, No. 5 9 shows a female of the first generation, raised
in the electrically heated incubator, at an average temperature of
about 85 deg. A variation of ten degrees one way or another seems
to have little effect in producing color changes. This example showed
an increase in the yellow coloration over that of the parent, the
shade having extended in area.

Plate 2, No. 6 2 is of the second generation. In this specimen the
yellow extends to the white sex mark in the apex of forewing, the
ground color is lighter, and the size increased.

Color Variation

Plate 2, No.7 ¢@ is an example which was selected from the stock
in which the yellow coloration was being increased, and was sub-
jected as a chrysalis to direct sunlight with incident increased tem-
perature for two hours daily. This is a difficult procedure, as it
usually results in the death of the specimen. The result was a
butterfly with darkened ground color, and black borders surrounding
the ocelli.

This change probably resulted from the increased temperature
applied at a critical time in development.

Plate 2, Nos. 8 9,9 9, and 10 9 show a remarkable range of
variation in the maculation and color of the under surfaces. All are
progeny of the female captured July 12, 1925. No. 8 is of the third
generation bred in dry air and high temperature. It has adopted a
uniform gray color, probably as an adaptation to the increase in light.

No. 9 was bred in moist air, in a dark environment. The ocelli
of the upper surfaces are reduced in size.

No. 10, bred in cool air developed the purplish-brown shade
on the inferior surface, which is customary with all examples raised
under like conditions.

Co
bo

NOTES ON CACTACEAt
S.) 8) PARISH
1

Echinocactus johnsoni Parry in Hnglm. King’s Sury. 111 (1871),
char. emend. Stem simple, cblong, 8 inches high, 6 inches in base
diameter; ribs 19-20, narrow, tuberculatly irregular: spine-clusters
approximate, concealing the surface; spines carmine with ashy-gray
exterior, all subulate, more or less enlarged at base, straight or slightly
curving, never hooked, the 4 centrals 14%4-1% inches long, the 10-14
radials slenderer, %-11%4 inches long: flowers open-campanulate, 3 inches
high and 2 inches in expanse, the outer segments green, the ob-
lanceolate petals bright purple with a chocolate-colored blotch at base;
ovary about inch high bearing a few broad, scarious, fimbriate-mar-
gined scales; fruit yellowish, inch high, crowned by the marcesent
corolla, nearly naked, splitting up the side when ripe, seeds numerous,
black, reniform, 3 mm. long, minutely and closely pitted. Type from
St. George, southern Utah.

Ferrocactus johnsonii Britt. & Rose, Cact. 3:141 (1922).

Var. octocentrus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3:374 (1896).
Central spines “8,” petals “pink.” Type collected in the mountains
east of Resting Springs, Inyo County, California.

Var. lutescens Parish var. nov. Corolla lemon-yellow, chocolate-
brown at base. Type in Herb. Univ. Calif. Collected by Professor
Marcus E. Jones on gravelly hills at Searchlight, Nev., Jan. 5, 1925.

This species occurs discontinuously in the Larrea Zone from
southern Utah, through Nevada, to the southeastern borders of the
Mojave Desert, California, exhibiting a marked difference in the color
of the corolla, which, so far as is known, is geographically delimited.
It is readily distinguished from the other Echinocacti of the region
by its subulate spines, those of the other species being flattened.
When wet the inner carmine color of the spines shows through the
gray exterior giving the plant a handsome appearance. The flowers
open in sunshine for about five days.

The var. octocentrus is known only from the type collection, Pro-
fessor Jones, who has studied this species in the field and has it in
cultivation at Pomona College, has kindly furnished me with valuable
notes and specimens.

- 2

V Echinocactus lecontii Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 2:274 (1856).
The type locality of this species was vaguely given as “On the lower
part of the Gila and Colorado rivers, and in Sonora,” but in the same
year (Pac. R. Rept. 4:29) it is more definitely defined as growing
“Abundantly from Cactus Pass at the head of Williams River, down
this stream to the Colorado, and west of it till ZH. polycephalus took its
place,’ that is, nearly to the desert base of the San Bernardino
Mountains. This appears to be the authority on which Britton &
Rose (Cact. 3:129-1922) extend its range to “southern California, along
the Colorado,” for no collections from that region are known. In
1876 Engelman (Bot. Cal. 1:146) expressed the opinion that the species
“seems to have been founded on weaker plants of H. wislizeni,’ which
was confused with the species now known as £#. acanthodes, so far as
California plants are concerned. It should be sought in the region
indicated, but its discovery is rather to be hoped for than expected.

3

4 Echinocactus emoryi Engelm. Emory’s Mill. Reconn. 157 (1848)
is reported from “The valley of the Mojave” in Davidson & Moxley,
Flora of Southern California (243, 1923), apparently based, as no

83

recent collections are known, on the statement in Pac. R. Rept. 4:31,
where it is vaguely reported to have been collected West of the
Colorado, in the valley of the Mojave, mixed with #. polycephalus, and
therefore not further noted. . Britton & Rose (Cact. 3:127) refer
Hmory’s type to #. wislizeni, a species not known to reach this state.

Sixty and seventy years have passed since these unsatisfactory
records were made; the region has been explored by recent botanists,
but neither species has been found. Probably the plants really seen
by these early explorers were forms of some of the other species
known to grow in the Mojave Desert.

Se

Gilia inconspicua var. dentiflora n. var.

University of California.

\y/
Annual, stem single, branching above, inflorescence sparsely gland-
ular, leaves in a rosette at base, glabrous, very sparsely glandular,
coarsely toothed, each tooth tipped with a short awn; lobes of the
corolla with a central tooth 1 mm. long and 1 mm. broad; otherwise
as in the type. :

Type No. 3617. Midway between Palmdale and Lancaster on the
Mohave Desert, May 1926.

The typical G. inconspicua is quite common on the desert. It is
glandular and pubescent throughout, has a less well defined rosette
pinnatifid leaves, and rounded lobes on the corolla.

Specimens from Arizona show multiple stems and doubly pin-
natifid leaves. There is evidently more than one, species included
under the name or the species is very variable.

Tissa leucantha var. glabra n. var.

Characters are those of the type, but the whole plant is absolutely
glabrous. Flowers large, white fully half an inch in diameter.

Type 3618. Common on the margins of the dry lakes near Muroc,
Kern Co., May 1926.

A. Davipson, M.D.

Papilio philenor.
a.—Larva (after Riley). b.—Chrysalis, dorsal view.
e.—Chrysalis in outline, ventral view.

FIGURE 15.

84

BUTTERFLIES OF CALIFORNIA
(Continued)
Dr. John Adams Comstock
FAMILY DANAID/A
Genus DANAUS L.
The Milkweed Butterflies

THE MONARCH, (Danaus menippe Hbn.) is the best known of
our native butterflies, occuring as it does abundantly in every part of
the continent. It is as stable and dependable as its name seems in-
constant,—for it has appeared variously in past publications as Anosia
plexippus, and Danais archippus, and now makes its bow as Danaus
menippe. We venture the hope that all of the ancient literature
touching on this familiar insect has now been fine-combed by the
specialist, and that no archaic designation remains to be unearthed,
to come forth on the established rule of priority and tumble menippe
into the discard. The Monarch belongs to a group of butterflies that
are believed by many writers to have obnoxious qualities which render
them immune to the attacks of insectivores. This probably accounts
in part for its abundance and longevity, for the Monarch lives weeks
or months to the average butterfly’s days.

Papilio zelicaon. Larva, slightly enlarged.
FIGURE 17.

Papilio rutulus.

a.—Egeg, highly magnified. b.—Larva,
Slightly enlarged. Neophasia menapia. Egg, greatiy magnified.

FIGURE 16. FIGURE 18.

The species is polygoneutic, or, in other words, produces a suc-
cession of broods throughout the year. It is incapable of passing the
winter in any of its phases, and the northern states must therefore
be annually restocked by migration. Of the several species of but-
terflies which move in occasional swarms, this is the only one in
North America that can be designated a true migrator. It is an in-
Sspiring sight to see one of these flights in the fall of the year, heading
southward, composed of millions of individuals. The spring movement
northward is of a totally different character. There is no swarming

85

instinet connected with it, and hence it is seldom noticed. The larval
foodplant of the genus is milkweed.

ILLUSTRATED. Plate 17, @ tig. 2; 9 fig. 1.

gene iA Usenet And Mi ae MBE,
athliaggetengeeneg ee

Pieris beckeri.
a.—Larva, slightly enlarged.
b.—Chrysalis, slightly enlarged.
Redrawn from Edwards’ figures, which

show the chrysalis pendant, instead of Pieris sisymbrii.
suspended by a girdle, as is customary a.—Caterpillar, slightly en-
in the genus. larged. b.—Chrysalis.
c.—Egg, greatly magnified.
FIGURE 19 Redrawn from Edwards’ figures,

which show the chrysalis pen-

dant, instead of suspended by a

girdle as is customary in the
genus.

FIGURE 20.

THE SMOKY MONARCH, (Danaus menippe ab. fumosus H1st.)
is an aderration of the former species in which the ground color is
of a smoky gray-brown, instead of the characteristic rich red-brown
of the typical insect. It is relatively rare.

ILLUSTRATED. Plate 17, 9 fig: 3.

THE STRIATED QUEEN, (Danaus berenice strigosa Bates) is
not aS common an insect in California as it seems to be in Arizona
and Texas. It is, in fact, counted something of a rarity, and only
occurs in a few isolated points in the southern part of the state.
Imperial Valley is its favored location. Occasional captures have been
reported as far north as Mono County. Records are available of its
having been taken from April to November, with probably a succes-
sion of broods to account for its long season.

ILLUSTRATED. Plate 17, 9 fig. 4; 9 under Side fig. 5.

86

KERR’S ABERRANT QUEEN, (Danaus
berenice strigosa ab. kerri Comst.) is a
variant of the above species in which all
of the white spots are lacking. It was pre-
sented to the author by Mr. Laurance T.
Kerr, tor whom it was named. Only the
one example is at present known.

ILLUSTRATED. Plate 17, @ (type) fig. 6.

In this issue of the “Bulletin” we are
continuing our series of illustrations of the
early stages of California butterflies. The
captions under each cut give sufficient in-
formation concerning these, except in the
matter of color. This phase of the subject
will be dealt with in greater detail in our
forthcoming book on the “Butterflies of

Pieris rapae. California” which we hope will soon be on
Chrysalis slightly the press.
enlarged.
WIGURE 21.

Pieris protodice.
a.—Caterpillar, slightly enlarged. b.—Head of caterpillar, highly magnified.
c.—Chrysalis, lateral view, enlarged. d.—Chrysalis, dorsal view, enlarged.
FIGURE 22.

87

NOTES ON DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA, WITH ADDITIONS
AND CORRECTIONS TO THE RECENT “LIST OF
DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA”’

3v Wm. Barnes and F. H. Benjamin, Decatur, Illinois

As the changes herein made are mostly unexplained in prior
literature, the authors add bibliographical references or short notes.
One change has been suggested by Dr. J. MeDunnough, one by Mr.
H. T. G. Watkins, and two by Mr. E. H. Blackmore. Otherwise the
authors are responsible. Unless preceded by the letter ‘“‘p,” indicative
of page number, all numbers in the left hand column refer to species
numbers on the recent list.

26 form alt. hermodur Hy. Edw., change pholus Ehyr., err. typ., to polus
Ehr.

33 add form transversa B. & Benj.
Ascia sisymbrii gen. vern. transversa nov.

California specimens, including the type of sisymbrii, show very
similar forms to those produced in Arizona. Early spring specimens
from the latter state, however, show a decided tendency to lose at
least part of the fuscous margining the distal portions of the veins
on the under side of the hindwing, the mesial portions of the veins
not as intensely black—marked as normal, the medial transverse line
normal and thus appearing as the heaviest marking. Only about fifty
percent of the spring specimens are typical of transversa, the re-
mainder intergrading into the type form.

Type localities: Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz.; Redington, Ariz.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype @, Allotype 9, 1 9 Paratype,
all March; 1 ¢@ Paratype, no date.

33 add a elivata B. & Benj.

Ascia sisymbrii race elivata nov.

Differing from the type form by the heavier black powdering
striating the veins on the underside of the secondaries. Also tending
to be somewhat smaller in size.

Type locality: Glenwood Springs, Colo.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype ¢ May 1895, Allotype 9?
May 1895, 7 g 14 9 Paratypes, various dates April to June.

Notes: Specimens before us indicate a distribution for elivata of
Wyoming to Colorado, and probably high altitudes of Eastern Cali-
fornia.

49 add corday (Hbn.)

1820, Huebner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 99, Colias.

63a add form 9 shaste B. & Benj.

EBurymus occidentalis chrysomelas form shastew nov.

Albinic @ of chrysomelas, the normal bright yellow replaced by
yellowish-white, orange of discal spot on hind wing replaced by
whitish.

Type locality: Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou Co., Calif.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 4, 1-7 July.

Ss

65 add form @ nepi B. & Benj.
EHurymus interior form nepi nov.
Albinic 9 of interior, with a slight tinge of yellowish on the wings.
Type locality: Nepigon, Ontario.
Number and sexes of types: Holotype 9, and 1 9 Paratype both
8-15 July.

67a add form 9 hatui B. & Benj.

Eurymus alexandra edwardsi form 9 hatui nov.
Albinic 9 of Utah edwardsi, the white slightly creamed by yellow.
Type locality: Stockton, Utah.
Number and sexes of types: Holotype 9, VII-30-16; 1 9 Paratype,
VIII-5-3.
Notes: Name an anogram.

69b change to b skinneri (Barnes) (partim.)

Eurymus pelidne skinneri Barnes
We hereby restrict the name to a lectotype, the white 9 type
specimen, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., 8-15 July, in Coll. Barnes.
The reason for doing this is that albinic females appear to
be the normal females of pelidne and palzeno.

69b add form @ neri B. & Benj.
tskinneri. (Barnes) (partim.)
Eurymus pelidne skinneri form 9 neri nov.

Yellow 92 of skinneri as described in the original description
of that subspecies.

Type locality: Yellowstone Park, Wyo.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 9 8-15 July; 2 9 Paratypes,
8-15 July and no date; all being original type females of skinneri
Barnes.

69c change c minisni (Bean) to (c) minisni (Bean).

69c add form 9 isni B. & Benj.

Hurymus pelidne minisni form 9 isni nov.
Yellow @ of minisni. The normal 9, and the form discussed by
Bean in the original description of minisni is the white female.
Type locality: Laggan, Alta.
Number and sexes of types: Holotype 9, 16-23 Aug.

91a add androcardia Hbn.
1821, Huebner, Ind. exot. Lep., 1, Enodia.

104 add a quebecensis B. & Benj.

Coenonympha inornata race quebecensis nov.

Upper side similar to inornata, the hind wing with a pale gray
outer margin interrupted and partly bordered by a dark, discon-
colorous, band. Underside similar to ampelos, paler and brighter
than in typical inornata, ocellus of fore wing present or absent,
when present reduced in size.

Type locality: Chelsea, Ottawa Co., Que.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 9, 1-7 June; 8 ¢ Para-
types 1-7 and 7-15 June.

89

106 add a subfusea B. & Ben),
Coenonympha ochracea race subfusca nov.

Much like ochracea on upper side. Underside of secondaries and
apex of primaries heavily powdered with black, hind wing with
ocelli as in ochracea, median band somewhat reduced, basal pale
spots absent.

Type locality: White Mts., Ariz.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype ¢ , 1-7 July, Allotype 9,
no date; 4 @ 1 9 Paratypes, 1-7 July and no date.

106,1 add No. 106,1 furce B. & Benj.

Coenonympha furce sp. nov.

Seems to be a connecting link between california and ochracea,
possibly a pale form of the latter. Sexes similar. The ground
color is luteous, tinted with pale ochraceous, the marking of the
underside showing thru; underside with the maculation variable,
similar to ochracea; fore wing with ground color similar to upper side,
with a tendency toward the development of auxilliary ocelli; hind
wing with ground color luteous white heavily powdered with fus-
cus, six ocelli, some obsolescent, present. The single male has
the ocelli of the hind wing so reduced that they appear as pale
blotches except for a few black scales in one blotch at tornus.
The ocelli of the hind wing of the female range from two to six.

Type locality: Grand Canyon, Ariz.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype ¢, Allotype 9, 3 ? Para-
types; no dates except on one female, 1-7 June.

113,1 add No. 113,1 damei B. & Benj.

Cercyonis damei sp. nov.

Upper side much as in meadi but with the burnt orange color ob-
solescent, restricted to rings around the ocelli, sometimes practical-
ly obsolete; sexual scale patch of male longer and broader, ex-
tending nearly to vein 4. Underside: the burnt orange color much
reduced and largely replaced by brownish, the striations heavier
and more conspicuous; hind wing as in meadi, as dark as the darkest
of that species.

Expanse: 43-49 mm.

Type locality: Grand Canyon, Ariz.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype ¢, 1-7 June; 4 g Para-
types, one only dated, 8-15 June.

129b remove b assimilis Butl.

1306 eritiosa (Bdv.)

1833, Boisduval, Icon. Hist. Lép. Europ., I, 197, also, Chionobas.

1834-57, Boisduval & Leconte, Lép. Am. Sept. 222, also, Chionobas.

1869, Harris, in Scudder, Ent. Corresp. Harris, 176, (name an

error).

1925, Barnes & Benjamin, Can. Ent., LVII, 58, melissa semidea,

Oeneis.

Boisduval, 1833, and Boisduval & Leconte, 1834-37, list Satyrus
eritiosa Harris manuscript as a synonym of also. Harris, in a letter
to Doubleday dated 1849 and published, 1869, in Scudder, Ent. Cor-
resp. Harris, states that he sent to Leconte specimens of “Hipparachia
semidea” and “Aegeria exitiosa”’, and that in consequence there has
been a “blunder of the specific name” by Boisduval & Leconte. We
find nothing in the International Zoological Code covering such cases
and do not know if the name is available or not.

90

130c add c assimilis Butl., change c arctica Gibson to arctica Gib-
son, this information furnished by Mr. H. T. G. Watkins
who kindly compared Butler’s type with the figures of Gib-
son, and informed us that both names represent the same
form beyond any reasonable doubt.

138 change a macinus Dbidy. & Hew., err. typ., to @ mancinus Dbldy.
& Hew.

p. 11 for Migonitis Hbn., type Papilio erato L., substitute the fol-
lowing which has priority :—

Sicyonia Hbn. Type Sicyonio apseudes Hbn.

Before 1816, Huebner, Zutr. exot. Schmett., 1, 25, No. 71, ff.
141-142, apseudes sole species and therefore type.

1816, Huebner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 13, heading Sycionize
(!); lists sara(clytia), thamar (rhea), apseudes, doris
(quirina).

1827, Huebner, Verz. bek. Schmett., Anzeiger, p. 7, Sycionia(!).

1875, Scudder, Hist. Sk., p. 268, type designated ‘‘rhea(sara,
thamar)”’.

There is a reference in the Verzeichniss to the Zutrage figures
of apseudes, indicative that these were published prior to the Ver-
zeichniss. Sicyonia would therefore be a monotypical genus. Scud-
der’s selection of type is based upon the Vereichniss.

148a omit a insularis (Mayn.)

According to Capt. N. D. Riley, 1926, the Entomol., LIX, 241, this
race does not occur in Boreal America.

148a@ change ab. comstocki Gunder to read a comstocki Gunder; add
form norm. incarnata Riley.

Gunder described comstocki as an ab. of vanille. If names de-
scribed as “abs.” are available specifically and subspecifically, and
in general they have been so held in the past, then the name comstocki
applies to the subspecies from Boreal America with the name incarnata
applicable to the normal form of the same subspecies.

149 add mariamne Scud.

1889, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S., i, 519, claudia, Euptoetia.
An Abbot manuscript name listed in the synonymy by Scudder.

157 add d byblis B. & Benj.
Dryas aphrodite race byblis nov.

6; size and somewhat the general appearance of atlantis nikias.
Veins as in aphrodite. Base of wing as dark as in @ aphrodite.
Nearest to cypris, differing therefrom by smaller size and brighter
underside.

9; similar but darker.

Type locality: White Mts., Ariz. :

Number and sexes of types: Holotype ¢, Allotype 9, 4 ¢ 19°
Paratypes, no dates.

Notes: the present form is of equal rank with many of the
so-called species in the group, but we prefer to describe as a race
of aphrodite.

91

160 add b beani B. & Benj.
Dryas atlantis vace beani nov.

Upper side and underside of fore wing similar to lais. Under-
side of hind wing similar to atlantis but paler in color than the
average of that species. Veins of the fore wing of ¢@ as in atlantis.

Type locality: Banff, Alta.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 4 , 8-15 Aug., Allotype
Q, 8-15 Aug., 3 @ 3 9 Paratypes, 8-15 Aug., 15-23 Aug., and no date.

Notes: this may ultimately prove to be a distinct species.

182 synonym egleis. Change authorship to (Behr).
1860, Morris, Cat. Lep., p. 7, (nom. nud.), Argynnis.
1862, Behr, Proc. Calif.. Acad. Sci., Il, 174, No. 4, (as egleis?),
Argynnis.
1864, Edwards, Proc. Ent, Soc. Phila., III, 435, astarte, Argynnis.
All three references have priority over Boisduval’s original des-
cription. Morris merely lists the nom. nud.

ISS add d nicholle B. & Benj.
3renthis aphirape race nicholle nov.

Upper side similar to dark specimens of dawsoni. Underside
similar to dawsoni but darker, especially on the hind wing. We sus-
pect this is a high altitude form.

Type locality:. Rocky Mts.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 4, Allotype 9, 2 @ 19
Paratypes; Mrs. B. Nicholl, ex Coll. Oberthiir.

192,1 add No. 192,1 reiffi (Reuss).

1925, Reuss, Int. Ent. Zeit., XIX, 279-280, Boloria.

The species is unknown to us. Described from a single 2
from British Columbia. We rather suspect this will be close to No.
192a.
197d for alaskensis (Lehm.) substitute gibsoni B. & Benj.. with +

alaskensis (Lehm.) (nec. Holl.) in synonymy.

Brenthis frigga race gibsoni nov.

We apply this name to the subspecies of frigga discussed and
figured by Gibson; 1920. Rept. Can. Arc. Exped., III, (1) 24, pl. V,
f, 1. We suspect that Dr. Gibson was correct in assigning these
specimens to alaskensis Lehm. but regardless if the synonmy is
correct or not, the name alaskensis Lehm. falls as a homonym of
alaskensis Holl., under the International Zoological Code subspecific
names being coordinate with specific names from the standpoint of
nomenclature.

We do not apply the name gibsoni as a nom. nov. for alaskensis
Lehm., as we have no real knowledge of Lehmann’s type. The group
is a difficult one so that we prefer to erect the name gibsoni as a
new race of frigga, basing it on the specimens discussed by Gibson.
We select as Holotype ¢ a specimen from Barter Island, North-
ern Alaska, July 4, 1914, ex Coll. D. Jenness, and as Allotype @ the
specimen figured by Gibson, the remainder of Gibson’s series are
designated paratypes.

This subspecies is very similar to saga, but with the medial
band of the underside of the hind wing half again as broad. There
is a tendency for the median black band of the fore wing to be
more diffuse, and on the underside for the ground color to be some-
what paler. The subspecies seems intermediate between the Huro-
pean frigga and the Labrador saga.

92

Notes: Types and Paratypes in the Canadian National Collec-
tion, Paratypes in Collection Barnes.

203 omit phedon (H.-S.) which is presumably only an error for
phaéton. The name is credited to Drury, and there is no indication
that there has been any deliberate alteration or emendation of the
original orthography.

204 place ab. suprafusa Comst. as suprafusa Comst. in the synonymy
of ab. lorquini (Oberth.)

204a@ the name macglashani (Rivers) should be withdrawn from the
synonymy and placed as a subspecies intermediate between
dwinellei and olancha. It can take the number 284b while
olancha can take the number 284c.

219,1 add 219,1 alena B. & Benj.
Euphydryas alena sp. nov.

Similar to maria, somewhat larger and brighter. All markings
very similar, but the usual blackish powderings and heavy black
along the veins more restricted. Underside similar to maria, the
red tints much brighter.

Expanse: ¢@ 35-39 mm.; © 43-49 mm.

We are describing this as a new species because of the status
heretofore given to maria and magdalena. We would not, however,
be surprised if subsequent investigations reveal that all of these
names are geographical races of anicia.

Type locality: So. Utah.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype ¢@, Allotype 9 14, 12 9
Paratypes, July, 1900, Wm. Barnes Collector.

220,1 add 220,1 carmentis B. & Benj.
Euphydryas carmentis sp. nov.

Allied to the alena and to magdalena, intermediate in size, in
this respect resembling maria. Upper side with the pattern and
coloration nearly as in alena but tending to produce forms which
are much paler. Underside similar to maria but considerably paler,
the contrast between the ground color and the yellow transverse
markings much more distinct; the general appearance being more
like that of wheeleri, but a considerably smaller and much neater
looking species.

Expanse: ¢ 33-36 mm.; 9 40-43 mm.

Remarks on the status of alena also apply to carmentis.

Type locality: Pagosa Springs, Colo.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype ¢, Allotype 9, 10 @
9 9 Paratypes, 24-30 June.

251 add ?euclea (Bergstr.)

1780, Bergstrasser, Nomencl. Ins. Hanau, IV, 23-24, pl. CCLXXXIV,

ff. 9-10, Papilio.

1889, Scudder, Butt, EH. U. S., I, 629, tharos, Phyciodes.

Scudder is responsible for listing euclea in the synonymy of
tharos. We have not seen Bergstrasser’s work. If the name actual-
ly represents a form conspecific with tharos it may have priority
over form vern. marcia Edw.

282 add pocahontas (Scud.)

1889, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S., I, 379, j-album, Eugonia.
A Harris manuscript name listed in the synonymy by Scudder.

93

297 change tatila H.-S. to tatila ( H.-S.)

p. 16 change Celtiphaga B. & L. to Asterocampa Rob. which has
priority with same genotype.

3338 add geda (Scud.)

1876, Scudder, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., Ill, 102, borealis, Cale-
phelis.
A Boisduval manuscript name published in the synonymy by
Scudder.

350 add erytalus (Butl.)

1869, Butler, Cat. Diur. Lep. Descr. Fabr., p 189, columella,
Thmolus.
1876, Seudder, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., Il], 107 columella, Calli-
cista.
3utler lists erytalus Bdy. in Doubleday’s List as a synonym
of columella. We are unable to locate the Doubleday reference.
Scudder lists “erytalus Boisd., M. S., see Butl. Cat. Fabr. Lep., 189.”
The name may be a mere misspelling of eurytulus Hbn., but
there is nothing to prove this.

354,1 add 354,1 polingi B. & Benj.
Strymon polingi sp. nov.

Allied to alcestis and oslari by the reduced ¢ stigma.

Upperside much as in alcestis but base of fore wings and hind
wings with a faint blueish-green tinge. Tails much as in autolycus
ilavia. Beneath, ground color and markings as in autolycus but
the s. t. line on the fore wing obsolescent, sometimes practically ob-
solete, and the red on the hind wing more restricted.

The species looks like Edward’s figure of ontario, but the red
on the upper side of the hind wing is usually obsolete. Also ontario
has the normal large stigma in the ¢@.

Expanse: ¢ 27-29 mm.; 9 29-31 mm.

Type locality: Sunny Glen Ranch near Alpine, Brewster Co.,
Texas.

Number and sexes of types: Holotype 9, Allotype 9, 52 @ 92 Para-
types, 1-15 June 1926; 73 ¢ 92 Paratypes, 15-30 June 1926.

Notes: named in honor of Mr. O. C. Poling, the collector. The
types and part of the paratype series are in the Barnes Collection,
the remainder of the paratypes were merely loaned by Mr. Poling
and have been returned to him.

363 add b watsoni B. & Benj.

Strymon titus race watsoni nov.

Similar to typical titus, larger, the underside much paler.

Expanse: ¢ 31-34 mm.; 9 34-40 mm.

Type localities and number and sexes of types: Holotype 4,
Allotype 9, 1 ¢ 1 9 Paratypes, Kerrville, Texas, no dates; 1 ¢ Para-
type, Shovel Mt., Texas, 8-15 May.

Notes: presumably collected by Mr. Lacey and Dr. Barnes.

368 change edwardsii (Saund.) to edwardsii (G. & R.).
1867, Grote & Robinson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, 172, calanus,
Thecia.
Saunders manuscript name published as a synonym by Grote

& Robinson. Saunders appears not to have published the name un-
til 1869.

94

369 add calanus (Hbn.) which has priority, change wittfeldii (Hdw.)
to read wittfeldii (Edw.)

370 remove calanus (Hbn.) which is valid over wittfeldii (Edw.),
change falacer (Godt.) to falacer (Godt.)

Hubner’s figures of calanus clearly show the long-tailed species
strongly marked with red to which Edwards gave the name witt-
feldii. S. falacer appears to be the next available name for calanus
Auct. nec Hbn. Its type, if in existence, should be examined to be
certain that it is not the species subsequently described as edwardsii.

372 add = liparops (Fletch.) (nec Bdv. & Lec.)

1904, Fletcher, Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., (1903), pl., strigosa var.,

Thecia.

1904, Fletcher, Can Ent., XXXVI, 124, pl., strigosa var., Thecla.

Fletcher attempted to ‘‘save” the Boisduval & Leconte name,
and thus made a homonym. We know of no species exactly like the
Boisduval & Leconte plate. The plate may be poor, or the form
of strigosa most common in Manitoba may occur in Georgia as an
occasional mutation. We rather suspect the latter explanation as
a specimen ex Collections Boisduval and Oberthur was received by
the Barnes Collection; its label reading, “Liparops Boisd. @ hyperici
Abb. Am. bor.”’, and presumably labeled by Boisduval. This speci-
men is normal eastern strigosa. We suspect that some manuscript
plate of Abbot’s will show the fulvous patches present in liparops
but absent in strigosa. The Barnes Collection did not obtain a type
of liparops, or any specimen ex Collection Boisduval showing ful-
vous patches, from the Oberthur Collection.

372a add ab. pruina (Scuwd.)
1889, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S., II, 879, liparops ab., Thecla.

413 add anthelle (Scud.)

1847, Doubleday, List Lep. B. M., II, 55, Polyommatus.

1876, Scudder, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., III, 128, dorcas, Epidema.

Boisduval manuscript name first listed by Doubleday who mere-
ly gives, “Polyommatus anthelle Boisd. MSS. a-d. Martin’s Falls,
Albany River, Hudson’s Bay. Presented by G. Barneston, Esq.’’.

The first indication we find rendering the name available is
that of Scudder, 1876.

The Barnes Collection contains the Boisduval manuscript type.

414 add hypoxanthe (Kirby).

1847, Doubleday, List Lep. B. M., II, 54, Polyommatus.

1862, Kirby, Man, Europ. Butt., p. 91, f. 11, Chrysophanus.

1871, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Diur. Lep., p. 343. Lycaena.

1889, Kirby, Europ. Butt. & Moths, p. 54,? dorilis, Lycaena.

The Barnes Collection received three specimens as types of the
Boisduval manuscript name hypoxanthe from the Oberthur Collec-
tion, and a fourth specimen, without label, not listed as a type. Dr.
Hofer’s letter reads, ‘“‘Chrysoph, hypoxanthe Bdv. (epixanthe) Types.”,
but the only specimen bearing the Boisduval handwritten detremin-
ation label has this label reading, “Hypoxanthe Boisd. Canada.”’.
Hofer is correct in that these specimens are epixanthe Bdv. & Lec.,
but this latter name was applied to specimens from ‘New Harmony,
Ind.”. The two Boisduval Collection specimens not bearing hand-
written labels may be the types of epixanthe, or the manuscript name
hypoxanthe may have been change to epixanthe and the Canadian
“type” not mentioned.

95

The Boisduval manuscript name appears to have been first
mentioned by Doubleday who merely gives, “Polyommatus hypoxan-
the, Boisd. MSS. a. b. Polish Ukraine. Presented by Dr. Dowler.”
Kirby, 1871, questions the locality. In 1889 he states under dorilis,
“L. hypoxanthe is probably not distinct from this.”

tida add amicetus (Scud.) which has priority, change pheedrus (Hall)
to read phadrus (Hall).

1847, Doubleday, List Lep. B. M., II, 55, Polyonmmatus.
1876, Scudder, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., III, 128, epixanthe,
Epidemia.

A Boisduval manuscript name listed by Doubleday who merely
gives, “Polyommatus amicetus, Boisd. MSS. a-c Newfoundland. Pre-
sented by W. St. John, Esq.” The first indication we find which
renders the name available is that published by Scudder, 1876. The
Boisduval manuscript type appears to have been lost, so that all
we can do is to accept the comparison with it made by Doubleday,
and give the name of the minor Newfoundland race of epixanthe,
with priority over phzedrus (Hall).

415 add bacchus (Scud.)

1889, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S., Il, 998, hypophlzeas, Heodes.
A Harris manuscript name listed by Scudder as a synonym of
hypophleeas.

p. 19 change Plebeius L. to Plebejus L. to conform with original
orthography. This has been called to our attention by Mr.
E. H. Blackmore.

oy

33 add (partim. ¢ nec 9) after argyrotorus (Behr).

33 atter philemon (Bdv.) add ab. argyrotoxus (Behr) (partim. 9
nec ¢@).

456e add ab. sinepunctata Comst.

458 no change. A note may be of some value.

The Barnes Collection received 2 ¢ 19 as types of Lycaenopsis
pseudargiolus (Bdv. & lLec.). The males do not agree with the
original description and figures as well as the female. The males
are neglecta Edw. and may be spurious types. The female is tlhe
form commonly going as pseudargiolus in collections, agrees well
with the original description and figures, and presumably should be
considered the existing true type.

458 gen. wst. neglecta (Hdw.) add deutargiolus (Scud.)

1869, Doubleday, in Scudder, Ent. Corresp. Harris, p. 164, (nom.

nud.).

1869, Haris, in Scudder, Ent. Corresp. Harris, p. 165, (nom. nud.).

1869, Scudder, in Scudder, Ent. Corresp. Harris, (footnote)

neglecta, L.

The description by Harris consists of, “The name Polyommatus
pseudargiolus must be applied exclusively to the Southern species, if
the Northern blue species is distinct from it. Deutargiolus would be a
good name for the Northern species. Your specimens will enable
you to point out the distinctive characters, which I shall be glad
to see from your own observations, as well as those by which you
separate Argynnis Aphrodite from Cybele.”

96

Scudder has added a footnote to the same page, “(It has since
been named L. neglecta by Mr. W. H. Edwards).”

It is rather questionable if the single descriptive adjective used
by Harris can be construed as an indication of what the name
deutargiolus represents, so we credit authorship to Scudder because
of his indication on the same page.

479 add hedysarum Scud.

1889, Scudder, Butt. EH. U. S., Il, 1418, lycidas, Achalarus.
An Abbot manuscript name listed in the synonymy by Scudder.

480 add casica (H.-S.) which has priority; place epigena (Buwtl.) in
the synonymy as epigena (Butl.)

Prof. M. Draudt has kindly informed us that he possesses a draw-
ing of the type of casica made by the late Dr. Carl Ploetz and that
the name is unquestionably applicable to the same form as epigena
Butl. with priority.

497 add a freija (Warr.)

1924, Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (1-2), pp. lvi.-lvii, Hesperia.

1926, Bell, Ent. News, XXXVII, 109, Hesperia.

We would call attention to the fact that while centaurez was
described by Rambur, 1839, Faun. Ent. And., II, 315, pl. VIII, f. 10,
that according to Boisduval, 1840, Gen. et Ind. Method., p. 36, this
name is a Boisduval manuscript hame based mainly upon specimens
from Scandanavia and Lapland, so that if two species are present
in the Huropean collections as centaurez, Warren may well have
redescribed the true centaurez as freija. If the European and
Labrador types of freija are conspecific, and if the true centaurez
does not occur in North America, then the name wyandot (Hdw.)
would appear available for the North American species.

Labrador material seems intermediate between Colorado and
eastern United States specimens.

Warren’s superficial characters appear to be useless so far as
Labrador material is concerned.

It appears to us that there is a little mix-up here which can
only be satisfactorily settled by the critical examination of all types
concerned. Therefore we tentatively retain the Warren name as a
subspecies of centaurezee Auct., ?Ramb.—=wyandot (Hdw.?).

We wrote to Professor M. Draudt to see if he could throw any
further light upon this matter, but he replied that the case was a
very difficult one and equally a puzzle to him.

503 add albovittata (Grt.)
1873, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., I, 168, communis, Hesperia.
Presumably a manuscript name, quoted as a part of a letter
from Zeller, but Grote gives the indication which renders the name
available.

523 add hamamelidis (Scud.)

1889, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S., Il, 1507, icelus, Thanaos.
A Fitch manuscript name listed in the synonymy by Scudder.

595 add enys Scud.
1870, Butler, Ent. Mo. Mag., VII, 93, Pamphila.
1889, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S., Il, 1683, peckius, Polites.
Presumably a Boisduval manuscript name merely mentioned by
Butler, but placed in the synonymy of peckius by Scudder.

oii

598 add ?tosyka (Edw.) (partim. 9 nec 24)
See notes under bais (Seud.)

605 add ? bais (Seud.)

1889, Seudder, Butt. I. U. S., III, 1865, osyka, Euphyes.

A Boisduval manuscript name published as a synonym of osyka
(Edw.)

According to Barnes & McDunnough, 1916, Contrib., III, (2),
135-136, the three types of osyka represent three different species,
the ¢ type being a specimen of vestris (Bdv.), one 9 type being eufala
(Edw.) and the other 9 type possibly being a worn brettus.

It, therefore, becomes questionable just what species Scudder
had in mind as osyka, but the chances are strongly against vestris
which was well known to him under the name metacomet. We mere-
ly tentatively place bzis under vestris following Barnes & Mce-
Dunnough’s restriction of the name osyka.

639 change samoset (Scud.) to samoset (Scud.) and hegon (Scud.)
to hegon (Scud.)

Scudder, 1868, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 382, appears to
be the first worker to recognize the synonymy, and took advantage
of the rights of the first revisional author to select the name samo-
set, rather than hegon, to stand, both names having been published
on the same page in the same work, 1862, Proc. Essox Inst. III, 176.

645 add a reversa (Jones)

1926, Jones, Ent. News, XXXVII, 197, carolina var., (? an sp.
dist.), Amblyscirtes.

648 add chamis Scud.

1889, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S., II, 1768, accius, Lerema.
A Boisduval manuscript name listed in the synonymy by Scud-

650 add £ osyka (Edw.) (partim., 9 nec ¢@).

See notes under bis Scud.

652 add orthomenes Scud.

1889, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S., Il, 1761, maculata, Oligoria.

A Boisduval manuscript name listed in the synonymy by Scud-
der.

656 add cochles Scud.

1889, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S., III, 1867, panoquin, Prenes.

“Latr., MS.” vide Scudder, who places the name in the synonymy
of panoquin (Scud.)

98

THE HUBNER TENT AMEN’

By Wm. Barnes and F. H. Benjamin, Decatur, Illinois.

The publication of our recent Check List of the Diurnal Lepidop-
tera of Boreal America in the Bulletin of the Southern California
Academy of Sciences has brought letters asking what part of the
nomenclature therein employed deals with the Tentamen. As it
would appear that Scudder’s fac-simile copies are now unavailable to
many workers, we are re-publishing the Tentamen so that its names
will be generally available for future discussions.

Tentamen determinationis digestionis atque denom-
inationis singularum stirpium Lepidopterorum,
peritis ad inspiciendum et dijudicandum
communicatum, a Jacobo Hiibner.

Lepidoptera

Phalanx I. Papiliones.
Tribus I; nymphales.

I. Nereides—Nereis Polymnia.
Il. Limnades—HLimnas Chrysippus.
III. ULemoniades—Lemonias Maturna.
IV. Dryades—Dryas Paphia.
V. Hamadryades—Hamadryas Jo.
VI. Najades—Najas Populi.
VII. Potamides—Potamis Iris.
VIII. Oreades—Oreas Proserpina.

Tribus IL; gentiles.
I. Rustici—Rusticus Argus.

II. Prineipes—Prineeps Machaon.
Ill. Maneipia—Maneipium Brassice.
TV. Consules—Consul Fabius.

V. Urbani—Urbanus Malve.

Phalanx II. Sphinges.

Tribus I; papilionoides.
I. Zygene—Zyeena Filipendule.
IJ. Chrysaores—Chrysaor Statices.
III. Glaucopes—Glaucopis Phegea.

Tribus II; hymenopteroides.
I. Sphecomorphe—Sphecomorpha Incendiaria.
Il. Sesia—Sesia Culiciformis.
Tf. Thyrides—Thyris Pyralidiformis.

1. We regret that the printer could not follow the copy exactly, but this
appears to have been an impossibility with modern type on a small page.
The point and style of all type is correct, as is the punctuation. The
original Tentamen is printed two columns to the page, and is composed of
only two pages. Page 1 column 1 ends with Andria Vinula; page 1 column
2 ends with Umbratica; page 2 column 1 ends with Heliaca Purpuralis,
page 2 column 2 ends with ‘‘dactyla’’ of the combination Ripidophora
Hexadactyla. The footnote, ‘Ne expectet. . . .’ is printed the full
width of page 2.

99

Tribus IIT; legitimae.
Bombylie—Bombylia Stellatarum.
Kumorphe—Eumorpha Elpenor.
Manduew—Manduea Atropos.
Amorphe—Amorpha Populi.

Phalanx IIT. Bombyees.

Tribus I; sphingoides.
Dimorphe—Dimorpha Versicoloria.
Ptilodontes—Ptilodon Camelina.
Andriw—Andria Vinula.
Platypterices—Platypteryx Hamula.
Eehidna—Eehidna Tau.

Tribus Il: vere.

Herwe—Herea Carpini.
Hipogymne—Hipogymna Morio.
Leucome—Leucoma Aurifiua.
Dasyehire—Dasychira Pudibunda.
Melalopha—Melalopha Curtula.
Hipoerite—Hipoerita Jacobeer.
Hypercompxe—Hypercompe Caja.
Lachneides—Lachneis Catax.
Trichode—Trichoda Neustria.
Eutriche—Eutricha Quercifolia.
Heteromorpha—Heteromorpha Cawruleocephala.

Tribus III; fodicantes.

Teredines—Teredo Cossus.
Hepioli—Hepiolus Humuli.

Phalanx IV. Noctue.
Tribus I; bombycoides.

Apatele—Apatele Aceris.
Diphtherxw—Diphthera Aprilina.
Jaspidia—Jaspidia Spolatricula.

Tribus IT; genuine.

Miselix—Miselia Oxyacanthe.
Pyrophyle—Pyrophyla Pyramidea.
Polhie—Poha Flavicincta.
Achatiwx—Achatia Atriplicis.
Graphiphore—Graphiphora Gothiea.
Agrotes—Agrotis Segetis.
Gleze—Glee Vaccinil.
Xanthiw—Zanthia Fulvago.
Cosmize—Cosmia A ffinis.
Bombycix—Bombyecia Or.
Heliophile—Heliophila Pallens.
Xylene—Xylena Lythoxylea.
Tribonophorew—Tribonophora Umbratiea.

100

Tribus IIT; semigeometra.
I. Plusia—Plusia Chrysitis.
Il. Erotyle—Erotyla Sulphurea.
Ill. Anthophile—Antophila Purpurina.
TV. Helhothentes—Helhothis Dipsacea.
V. Asealapha—Asealapha Lunaris.
VI. Lemures—Lemur Maura.
VII. Blephara—Blepharum Sponsa.
VIII. Brepha—Brephos Parthenias.
TX. Huelidie—Euelidia Glyphiea.

Phalanx V. Geometre.
Tribus I; ample.
I. Hylewe—Hylea Fasciaria.
Il. Terpne—Terpne Papilionaria.
Ill. Eusarece—Eusarea Elinguaria.
TV. Uares—Lars Sambuearia.
V. Eutrapele—Eutrapela Lunaria.
VI. EHrastriz—Erastria Amataria.
Tribus II; tenues.
TI. Cyelophore—Cyelophora Pendularia.
Il. Spilote—Spilote Grossulariata.
Ill. Sphecoda—Sphecodes Pusaria.
TV. Chleuaste—Chleuastes Piniaria.
V. Sciadia—Sciadion Furvata.
VI. Cymatophore—Cymatophora Roboraria.

Tribus IIT; equivoce.
I. Pachyes—Pachys Prodromaria.
Il. Epirrite—Epirrita Dilutata.
Ill. Rheumaptere—Rheumaptera Hastata.
IV. Hydrie—Hydria Undulata.
V. Petrophore—Petrophora Meniata.
Phalanx VI. Pyralides.
Tribus I; geometriformes.
I. Erpyzones—Erpyzon Barbalis.
II. Saliz—Salia Salicalis.
Tribus Il; vulgares.
I. Heliace—Hehaeca Purpuralis.
Il. EHlophile—Elophila Limnalis.
II. Palpitea—Palpita Urticalis.
Tribus IIT; difformes.
I. Idiw—Idia Bombyealis.
Il. Chlamiphore—Chlamiphora Palhola.
Phalanx VII. Tortrices.
Tribus I; lasciwe.
I. Hemerophile—Hemerophila Pariana.
If. Olethreute—Olethreutes Arcuana.
Ill. Archipes—Archips Oporana.

101

Tribus IL; pigra.
I. Nyeteola—Nvyeteola Degenerana.
Il. VPseudoipes—Pseudoips Quereana.
Il. Coehlidia—Coechlidion Testudo.
Phalanx VIII. Tineex.
Tribus I; certa.
I. Canephore—Canephora Graminella.
Il. Enyphante—Enyphantes Gelatella.
Ill. Brosees—Brosis Granella.
IV. Setes—Ses Pellionella.
Tribus Il; incerta.
I. Tetrachile—Tetrachila Conchella.
Il. WHWyphante—Ilyphantes Evonymella.
Tribus IIL; mirabiles.
I. Elasmia—Elasmion Geerella.
Il. Coleophorse—Coleophora Anatipennella.
II]. Phylonoryeteres—Phyllonoryeter Rajella.
Phalanx IX. Alucite.
Tribus I; indubidate.
I. Pterophore—Pterophora Pentadactyla.
Il. Ripidophore—Ripidophora Hexadactyla.
Ne expectet quis, ordinem hune nullam amplus correctionem,
esse desideraturum verumtamen magis satisfaciet necessitati,
quam previus quivis. Familis indicandis supersedere malui.

CHANGES DUE TO THE TENTAMEN

There has been some discussion of our “List” due to the “many
changes” in Diurnal genera caused by our adoption of the Tentamen.

In actuality we have used only four Tentamen genera in our list;
i.e., Dryas, Lemonias, Hamadryas, and Urbanus. Two of these, in
the plural, Dryades and Hamadryades are in reality subdivisions of the
old genus Papilio L. by Borkhausen, 1788. Their status in 1788 will
presumably depend upon the outcome of a discussion involving “‘Troes”
etc., of Linnaeus. Like all early authors, Borkhausen used the plural
where he intended more than a Single specific organism under con-
sideration. There appears to have been no index to the work, so we
cannot say if he intended a singular usage when combined with but
a single species or not. Unfortunately his plates have these “names”
abbreviated. It is, however, decidedly possible that we may have to
use quite a few of the Tentamen names from earlier authors.

Of the four Tentamen names used on our list, all four are to be
found in the Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, at early dates.
If we were to discard the Tentamen we might be forced to use Dryas
for Phyciodes, instead of for Argynnis, a change not heretofore in
the literature, and therefore to our minds much worse. Limnas, which
by the Tentamen we can sink as a synonym of Danaus, would appear
to be a valid genus, available for certain Neotropical species, giving
one more of the Tentamen names to be used in the Diurnals by the
rejection of the Tentamen, than if we accept the work.

The change of the subfamily name Hesperiinae to take the place
of Pamphilinae has nothing to do with the Tentamen, Pamphila being
a straight synonym of Hesperia with the same type and so used by
most authors until 1870.

102

The use of the term Urbaninae for the term Hesperiinae, as used
by authors of the last generation, seems regretable, but the Sammlung
uses the name Urbanus for a number of species, a large proportion
ot which fall into the Urbaninae. To discard the Tentamen would
be simply to use the name Urbanus in a little different sense but very
probably in the same subfamily. When one considers that we do not
know the exact date of any of the Sammlung plates of Urbanuws species,
that these plates were presumably not issued consecutively, the dis-
carding of the Tentamen Urbanus would render the fixation of a type
tor Urbanus a matter of pure guesswork subject to change at the
hands of every author. We fail to see how such a condition would
improve our nomenclature. And even if the Sammlung Urbanus could
be restricted to some one plate, the transfer of the name, with priority,
to some other genus, probably in the same subfamily, would scarcely
be an improvement.

We are inclined to think, that from the practical standpoint, re-
jection of the Tentamen would involve far worse changes than its
adoption, for while we might discard the work we cannot erase its
names which would become available from subsequent works with
entirely different genotypes, with very questionable dates, thus tearing
down our whole fabric of nomenclature in Lepidoptera for a gossamer
of possibilities.

Another point we might mention to show the possibilities of
change by the rejection of the Tentamen is that Latreille, 1810, men-
tions a Lemonias Illiger and “other” recently erected Illiger genera.
Neither we, nor any authority whom we have consulted, know of any
publication of Lemonias by Illiger prior to 1818. But we cannot logi-
cally say that no such paper exists. Papers can disappear which have
presumably once been available. As an example we have in mind the
“Hrlangen List” of the Hymenopterists. When Dr. Sherborn wrote his
Index Animalium he mentioned nineteen such works, and a total of
thirty-one volumes. A thorough search may yet reveal an Illiger
paper, which if the Tentamen were rejected, may publish a number of
Tentamen names, rendering them available at a very early date.
Early authors may have paid little attention to such a paper because
of the Tentamen, which appears to have been quite generally avail-
able. We have considerable evidence that the Tentamen was avail-
able to most of the authors of Hubner’s period, including Fabricius,
Illiger, Haworth, Ochsenheimer, Treitschke, Geyer, Curtis, Kirby and
Spence.

Before we leave the Tentamen, a word regarding its construction
might not be amiss. It is to be noted that Hubner uses the term Lepi-
doptera divided into nine Phalanges which are the old and well known
genera and subgenera of Linnaeus, used in the plural, a usage sanc-
tioned by Linnaeus, 1758, et seq. Each Phalanx is divided into Tribus
I, etc. It is to be noted that these tribes are not in reality named,
but that the so-called names applied to them are in the nature of
description, so that the whole fabric of the Tentamen is in the nature
ot a taxonomic key. Thus the butterflies are divided into the nymph-like
ones and the ones belonging to another clan or nation, heathens or
gentiles. While this means little to present taxonomist, Hubner’s di-
visions in the remainder of Tentamen mean a great deal. We have
the old Sphinx broken up into three tribes; the papilionoides or butter-
fly-like, the hymenopteroides or wasp-like, and the legitime or le-
gitimate ones. Here it is interesting to note that Hubner was the
first taxonomist to differentiate between the real Sphingids and the
Aegeriids. The old genus (or subgenus) Bombyx is broken up into
three tribes; sphingoides, verw, and fodicantes; or Sphinx-like, true,
and borers; the latter based on the early stages, a recognition that
our Cossids and Hepialids did not belong with the real Bombycids.
The old Noctua is broken up into three tribes; bombycoides, genuine,

103

and semigeometra; or Bombycid-like (to include those with Bombycid-
like larvae), genuine (the cut-worm type), and the semi-loopers (a
term even used at the present time for the larvae of most of the
forms placed there by Hubner). And so we might go thru the work,
whose divisions are truly in the nature of a taxonomic key. The
stirpes themselves are differentiated by the inauguration of a system
of metonomy, as stated in the heading of the Tentamen. In other
words, Hubner actually states by his method of tabulation a system
of taxonomy best known by an example:—as, that cossus is sole
species and therefore type of Teredo to differentiate Veredo from
Hepiolus of which he selects the type huwmuli, and that both genera
are borers belonging to the old genus (or subgenus) Bombyx of the
Lepidoptera. Hubner did not have the word type or genotype avail-
able for his use in 1806, but he managed to invent metonomy. An-
other good example is his genus Sphecomorpha. He has practically
stated, turning to modern phraseology:—my genus Sphecomorpha has
as its type incendiaria and thus differs from the known genera Sesia
and Thyris, the type of the former culiciformis restricted by metonomy,
and the type of the latter pyralidiformis also restricted by metonomy.
These three genera belong in the old genus Sphinx but are not real
Sphingids, being wasp-like in superficial appearance and habits.

The idea that authors of Hubner’s day were opposed to the Tenta-
men, or its names, is a decided error; at the most based uvon Latreille.
The German workers headed by Hubner and Ochsenheimer adopted it
for their subsequent works. The English, headed by Kirby (the author
of the first well Known set of Entomological text-books) and Curtis
(the first English worker to designate genotypes) adopted it. Even
Fabricius, in his last and presumably unpublished work, Systema
Glossatorum, seems to have adopted the Tentamen Plusia.

Besides the use of the Tentamen names in the nominative singu-
lar in the Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, the text of the Zut-
rage zur Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, and the Anzeiger of
the Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, we call attention to two
other little Known papers. One is, “Catalague des Lepidopteres de
la collection de M. Frank,” 8vo., pp. 102. Inquiry at the British Mu-
seum reveals the fact that in this work some of the Tentamen
generic names are used as genera by Hubner just before his death.
We are, however, informed that the work is mainly of the nature
of a dealers catalogue. We have not seen a copy. Scudder con-
sidered it an available publication. Perhaps it is both. The second
rare work is the “Systematisch alphabetisches Verzeichniss aller
bisher bei den Furbildungen zur Sammlung Europaischer Schmetter-
linge, ausgegebenen Benennungen mit Vormerkung auch Augsburgs-
cher Gattungen.’ Certainly in the work, which its own author states
modernizes the nomenclature of his Samml. Europ. Schmett., the Tenta-
men genera are used. The generic and specific names are written with
capital letters, and between them is intercalated a word, in the main
descriptive. While such a procedure may shock some of our modern
authors, the work is as truly binomial as the Linnaeus “Systema
Naturae.”

104

SECRETARY ’S REPORT
1926

The Academy closes its fiscal year with a total of 277 members in
good standing. This represents an increase of 53 over the figure of
two years ago, notwithstanding the fact that 101 members dropped
out from one cause or another.

Most of the deflections from our ranks have been in the class of
resident members.

“This loss of local memberships is chargeable in part to the fact
that it has been impossible to find a suitable hall for lecture purposes,
and our activities in this direction were therefore curtailed. In larger
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Three Bulletins were issued during 1925, and two issues have been
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As a result of an intensive mail campaign the subscription mem-
berships were increased from 47 to 136 in the two year period just
passed. The influence of the Bulletin as a scientific record has there-
fore been markedly increased.

105

BULLETIN of the SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
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A)
—

Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences

JUNIDIB2., WO, 2OM, OPS

Allergic diseases from plants.. 37

Astrea breaensis __...----.....------.-- 57
IBMNEEETEUMeS, OE CBU, se 28
Cancellaria elodiae —...............-- 49
3 fe O RUC Teles oe ewe ea 51
a fergusonii _............ 53
fe Havens bara ee ee 51
Fi oldroydia, 22 = 51
i TORTS ee 55
Cercyonis damei ....----.....-..------ 90
CGereusi Miuitz ij eee: 48
Chrysodomus hawleyi ..........---- 55
Coenonympha furcae ........----..-- 90
Convismbeallliiee ee 49
Hechinocactus Emoryi ....-.....-..... 83
Echinocactus Johnsoni .............. 83
a He lutescens 83
sy on octocen-
TTPO cee a 83
Echinocactus Leconti —.-........... 83
Euphydryas alena _...................- 93
‘ carmentis 93
is chalcedona
MUSISCCUINClAMneees = ce os 31
Huphydryas chalcedona
hemimelanica __._.--........-.----.--- 31
Kuphydryas chalcedona
QUOFENIUIECE) | See 30
Huphydryas chalcedona
supranigrella —-.-..........--..-....-- 30

EKuphydryas colon huellemanni 32
Kuphydryas rubicunda

RUD GOSUMUS ames eee 32
Hurema demoditas —_..._............. 64
a MmexiCala ey 64
. TACHI) \ sprcetboresecateneseneces 64
EHurymus alexandra edwardsii.. 63
i eMac een 63

“s eurytheme amphi-
(GUUS, ce eel eee tape 28

Hurymus eurytheme eriphyle.. 28

Be < eurytheme 28

sf INU OTE Cee eee 63

re occidentalis chry-
SIDA NS ea aa ieee ee 63

New species and varieties listed

Danais berenice strigosa kerri 87

ce

menippe .......... eeaIN

ce “ce

fumosus

Gilia inconspicua dentiflora _..

Glaucopsyche lygdamus behrii

(73 (73

sine-

punctata

Gyrineum lewsii ...................2...
Hubner The Tentamen, ..........
Junonia coenia, interbreeding

COM sD eat aan eee A oe eA
Lepidoptera, list of diurnal.......
additions and

ee «6

corrections __.
Lonicera of S. Cal.

Se hispidula vacillans....
ni GISYAOUGIANEE, se
i interrupta —........ atnaee
3 LOWVOlUC Hae ies ee
a TOlMS TOM ieee
a Subspicata 2.2.
i = typica

Melitaea chara nitela —.............

Bs gabbi gumderl 222...
i ““ newcombi

- malcolimi). 2 ee
ee

palla stygiana
Papilio philenor

(73

a zelicaon

Parnassius smintheus, egg of...

Pieris beckeri

re DRO LO GHC eames een eens
ma SMSVAONON, oe pect ete coe
Symphoricarpus of S. Cal. -...

os PHYO) a ahetenese
eo longiflorus _...
ee Paresh

Strymon polingi -...---------------------
Tharsalea arota nubila.............

The Hubner tentamen

auhiiasaCOllomilpes ee
Tissa leucantha glabra -....---.-.

in bold face.

TSU UU US ie eee ee eee

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Pe LtrETIN OF THE

Southern California
Academy of Sciences

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

(LOUIE Way

Vol. XXVI January-April, 1927

Part 1

CONTENTS
PROTECTIVE COLORATION AND MIMICRY - = = &
Dr. John Adams Comstock

A NEW RACE OF ARCTIA CAJA - - = “= as 3
Barnes and Benjamin

A NEW ABERRATION OF BASILARCHIA WEHIDEMEYRII -
T. D. A. Cockerell

THREE NEW MOTHS FROM THE SOUTHWEST - - -
Chas. A. Hill

THE GENUS CORETHROGYNE IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Margaret L. Canby

BOTANICAL FIELD NOTES - = - 2 = ~
A. Davidson, M. D.

THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF SALVIA - =
Philip A, Munz

16

17

Southern California
_ Academy of Sciences

= 8
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Dr. Joun A; CoMSTOCR ji o0 cic). ccc takety-iareee ne President
Mr..'S.. J. RERSE ac acerca endian Vice-President
Dr: .Forp ‘At CARPENTER sos Ui eke ee 2nd Vice-President
Dre Re ES Wirt ieee a hai as aca eee Secretary
Mar...S.\ J. RRS Ri ie Treasurer
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Geo. W. Parsons
Dr. WitttaM A. Bryan HERBERT J. GOUDGE
Dr. A. Davipson Dr. FRANK CLARK
Dr. Forp A. CARPENTER Dr. R. H. Swirt
WiLiiaAM A. SPALDING
= 8
ADVISORY BOARD
Mr. ArTHUR B.,BENTON Dr. D. L. TASKER
Mr. B. R. BAUMGARDT Dr. T. C. Low
Mr. R. F. Gross Mr. THEODORE PAYNE
= 8
ASTRONOMICAL SECTION
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT WILu1AM A. SPALDING
Chairman Secretary
BIOLOGICAL SECTION
Dr. R. H. Swirt Dr. WENDELL GREGG
Chairman Secretary
BOTANICAL SECTION
Dr. A. Davipson THEODORE PAYNE
Chairman Secretary

FINANCE COMMITTEE
Dr. F. C. Clark, Dr. A. Davinson, Mr. S. J. KEEse

Dr. Joun A. Comstock Mr. GEorGE PARSONS
GEOLOGICAL SECTION
Mr. E. E. Hapiey Mr. GEeorGE Parsons
Chairman Secretary

PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, Dr. A. Davipson, Mr. GEorGE Parsons

=
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION
Mr. Witi1am A. SPALDING, Chairman

Dr. Joun A. Comstock Mr. S. J. KEEsE
ANSTRUTHER Davinson, C.M., M.D.

OFFICE OF THE ACADEMY
203 HiLtstrEET Bipe., 815 S. Hitt Los ANGELES, CAL.

Southern California
Academy of Sciences

= 8
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

1D Rema OEUN er COMSTOCK ee Nee es, President
UTR, So Ye: RGIS einer ee Vice-President
ID Res HORDeAtE CARPENTER 2.22) hele 2nd Vice-President
JOY, Lee, JEL | SNW/319 ae eee eal ae le ne eno Secretary
WER. So ig ESS ee ee Treasurer
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Geo. W. PARSONS
Dr. WILLIAM A. BRYAN HERBERT J. GOUDGE
Dr. A. DAavipson Dr. FRANK CLARK
Dr. Forp A. CARPENTER Dr. R. H:. Swirt
WILLIAM A. SPALDING

= 8

ADVISORY BOARD

Mr. ArTHUR B. BENTON Dr. D. L. TASKER
Mr. B. R. BAUMGARDT IDR, I, GE, Loy
Mr. R. F. Gross Mr. THEODORE PAYNE

= 8

ASTRONOMICAL SECTION
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT WILLIAM A. SPALDING
Chairman Secretary
BIOLOGICAL SECTION
Dr. R. H. Swirt Dr. WENDELL GREGG
Chairman Secretary
BOTANICAL SECTION
Dr. A. Davipson THEODORE PAYNE
Chairman Secretary

FINANCE COMMITTEE
Dr. F. C. Crark, Dr. A. Davipson, Mr. S. J. KEESE

Dr. Joun A. Comstock Mr. GEoRGE PARSONS
CHOLO GICAL SECON
Mr. E. E. HapLey Mr. GeorcE Parsons
Chairman Secretary

PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, Dr. A. Davipson, Mr. GrorcE Parsons
= 8B
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION
Mr. WitiiamM A. SPALDING, Chairman
Dr. Joun A. Comstock Mr. S. J. KEESE
ANSTRUTHER Davipson, C.M., M.D.

OQRIMS OQ} Wiss ACADITMNG
203 Hitistreet Bipa., 815 S. Hirp Los ANGELES, CAL.

~

Yt

\\

i)

PROTECTIVE COLORATION AND MIMICRY
By DR. JOHN A. COMSTOCK

All of the animal forms existing on the earth today have, in the
past, undergone a series of gradual changes, in response to their
surroundings, which have enabled them to survive in the face of
innumerable forces tending toward their destruction.

These changes are in the nature of adaptations, by means of which,
through constant improvements, they have adjusted themselves to
their special environments.

In the higher vertebrates, these changes have brought about re-
markable modifications of the nervous system, more particularly in
the brain.

With lower forms of life, adaptive modifications are preponderantly
in the nature of color changes, by means of which the animal simulates
its environment .and is thus enabled to escape observation.

Most naturalists have noted the close similarity of the color and
markings of certain tree toads and lizards, to the environment in
which they are found. (See Plate 1).

Many sea-horses are colored like the seaweeds among which they
live. The Zostera, of the Florida Coast, for example, has a colora-
tion like that of sea grass.

The young of the British Shore-crab (Carcinas maenas) invariably
harmonizes with the color scheme of the pool which it inhabits. The
Turbit, (Psetta maxima) rests flat upon the sea floor, and its upper
surface shows the mottled pattern of its sandy cradle.

Thousands of examples of protective resemblance have been noted
in the Arthropods. A certain spider, found in California, closely re-
sembles a bird-dropping. The simulation is further heightened by its
habit of resting quietly on the upper surface of a leaf, with its legs
held close to the body.

Many of the Mantids and Walking-stick insects are modified to
resemble sticks, leaves and bark. (See Plate 2, fig. 3).

A Hemipterous insect occurs in San Diego County, which rests
in the blossom of the wild buckwheat. Its form and color so per-
fectly imitate a portion of the bloom that butterflies frequently alight
upon it, and are thus captured.

In the Lepidoptera, protective resemblance may be manifested
in one or more of the changes through which the insect passes, in
the course of its metamorphosis. A large number of the eggs of butter-
flies are colored after the manner of the plants on which they are
deposited.

Innumerable caterpillars possess the form and coloration of their
environment. Those which feed on grasses are almost invariably long,
cylindrical and green. The larva of the California Sister, (Heterochroa
californica), is a perfect match for the oak leaf. Most of the Lycaenid
caterpillars are practically invisible in their natural surroundings,
as witness the larva of the Juniper Hair-streak, (Mitoura siva juni-
peraria).

Many Geometrid caterpillars, of the measuring-worm type, are
shaped and colored in the semblance of twigs, and the camouflage
is further strengthened by the attitude they assume. Phasiana curvata
admirably illustrates this.

Butterfly chrysalids commonly resemble leaves, twigs, bark or
stone.

Some animals and insects have the power of modifying their
color in response to a change of environment. A familiar example
of this type is the chameleon.

It has been frequently observed that the caterpillar of the Cloud-
less Sulphur, (Catopsilia eubule), assumes a yellow tint when feed-
ing on the blossoms of Cassia, whereas it is green when found on the
leaves.

A large number of butterflies resemble leaves, the most familiar
example being the Leaf Butterfly of India, (Kallima inachis). (See
Pave eZ elle)

The Angle-wings, (Polygonia) are exactly the color of bark on
the under surfaces of their wings. It is a common habit for them
to rest on the trunk of a tree, with their wings closed.

Another type of protective adaptation consists in certain unpleas-
ant or noxious qualities, such as that possessed by the familiar skunk.

A few caterpillars, notably the Papilios, have protrusive organs
which emit an offensive substance.

All of the Danaid butterflies are believed to be obnoxious to in-
sectivores. Moths of the genus Zygaena possess acrid or offensive
qualities, and the same holds true for many other groups.

Frequently, when characters of a poisonous or repellant nature
are developed, there is also the assumption of a conspicuous pat-
tern or color. This phenomenon is termed ‘‘warning coloration.”

Many reptiles and batrachians are known, which possess this
combination of qualities.

The Spotted Salamander (Salamandra maculosa) exemplifies this
principle. Some of the showy beetles are protected in like manner,
as are also many tropical butterflies and moths.

Another interesting mechanism of survival, consists in the acqui-
sition by non-protected species of the colors and patterns of obnoxious
forms.

PLATE 1.

Illustrating Protective Coloration

The figure on the left shows a tree-toad which simulates the color of the
rock so perfectly as to be almost indistinguishable.

The right hand figure shows a protectively colored moth on a piece of bark.
—Photo, Courtesy W. Scott Lewis.

2

PLATE 2.
2 Illustrating Protective Coloration and Mimicry : 3
Fig, The Owl Butterfly of South America shown with an owl for comparison.

Three Leaf-butterflies (Kallima inachis) of India, on twig, showing perfect
simulation of leaves.

Fig. 3. Walking-stick insect resembling twigs.

Fig. 4. An Acreid Butterfly, protected by acrid qualities.

Figs. 5, 6, 7. Three African Butterflies which mimic the Acreid in color and pattern,

but do not possess obnoxious qualities.

3

Ne

Fig.

A good example of this is the case of Basilarchia obsoleta, which
imitates Danaus berenice. The Basilarchias do not possess repellant
qualities, and they would therefore admirably serve the palate of
insectivorous birds and mammals. With the close resemblance of the
two species, it is readily seen that confusion would arise, in conse-
quence of which both would be shunned.

This imitative principle is widespread among the butterflies, and
is termed “protective mimicry.”

Dr. A. Seitz, in writing of the phenomena states that “there are
many localities in South America, often quite circumscribed in extent,
in which almost all the lepidopterous species that occur in any num-
bers have one and the same wing-pattern indifferently, whether they
be butterflies or moths, whether stoutly-built Swallowtails or weak
Pierids or shy Nymphalids.

In Columbia one may see flying about a single flowering shrub a
number of butterflies, all colored and marked alike, but belonging to
four entirely different groups. They are all black, with an oblique
scarlet band on the forewings. The first is a Pierid (Pereute lewco-
drosyne), the second a Heliconid (Heliconius melpomene), the third
a Swallowtail (Papilio euterpinus), and the fourth (Adelpha isis)
a species of Nymphalid allied to Limenitis. In certain districts of
Southern Brazil a yellow band on the forewing and dentated longi-
tudinal stripes on a brownish yellow ground provide the general
scheme, which is followed by Pierids (Perhybris, Dismorphia), Danaids
(Lycorea), Heliconius (Heliconius narcaea) and even some moths
(Chetone).”

Still another type of mimicry exists, in which an insect assumes
the form of some totally unrelated species or form. Many Syrphid
flies resemble bees, although they are without stings. A number of
Sesiid moths simulate wasps.

The giant Brassolids of South America, known as Owl Butter-
flies, bear a remarkable resemblance to the heads of owls. (See Plate
2, fig. 1). They fly in the evening, and the great eye-like spots may
have a protective significance.

It must not be assumed that the many striking protective patterns
of butterflies have been acquired as a matter of conscious choice on the
part of these insects. They represent the end product of a long series
of gradual changes, operating in accordance with the great laws of
Adaptation, and along lines of continual betterment.

A NEW RACE OF ARCTIA CAJA L.
(Lepid., Arctiidae)

By WM. BARNES and F. H. BENJAMIN,
Decatur, Illinois

Arctia caja waroi race nov.

This is the race of caja commonly going in American collections
as phaeosoma Butl.

The British Columbia form has fore wings with the ground color
like race americana, but with the white markings somewhat increased,
the hind wing more tinged with crimson, and more heavily black marked
in discal and cell regions.

True phaeosoma has the ground color of the fore wing dark, like
Labrador parva, the hind wing brighter crimson and appearing to lack
the spot on the discocellular vein usually found in waroi.

We suspect both virginivir and opulenta to represent races of caja
more closely allied to one another than to waroi.

Type localities and number and sexes of types: Holotype, 4, Van-
couver Island; Allotype, 9, New Westminster, B. C.; 2 @ Paratypes,
Victoria, Vanc.; 1 9 Paratype, New Westminster, B. C.

Notes: We are indebted to Dr. Waro Nakahara for his kindness
in supplying specimens of the Japanese phaeosoma, as well as for many
other courtesies in the past, and take pleasure in naming the race
in his honor.

A NEW ABERRATION OF BASILARCHIA WEIDE-
MEYRII Edwards. (Lepid.)

In the summer of 1925, Mr. Elven C. Nelson found at Boulder,
Colorado, a remarkable aberration of Basilarchia weidemeyrii, which
may be described thus: ab. nigerrima, nov. Wings above entirely
black except for the presence of the first two subapical spots, the
second reduced to about half normal size, the first six (only the first
three or four clear) submarginal dots on anterior wing, and the nor-
mal broken marginal lines on both wings. Beneath the markings
are reduced in size, and the broad white bands are replaced by black
except for a series of spots along the outer margin.

This can not be referred to ab. sinefascia Edwards, which is an
analogous variation of the Arizona subspecies, possessing all the sub-
marginal dots. The specimen will be placed in the U. S. National
Museum.

T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Editor’s Note: Photographs of both upper and under sides of this in-
teresting specimen taken thru the courtesy of the U. S. Nat. Mus. will
be shown in J. D. Gunder’s forthcoming publication on “Butterfly
Aberrations.”’

THREE NEW MOTHS FROM THE SOUTHWEST
BY CHAS. A. HILL, Glendale, Calif.

I. Family Notodontidze Bombycia verdugoensis sp. nov.

Collar tinged with rufous basally; with black interline, sometimes
obsolescent, sometimes doubled. Thorax and primaries ‘blackish
gray, tinged with rufous, and irrorated with black. Basal line ob-
solescent. T. A. line black, double, with mesad part obsolescent,
distally jet black, waved; included space tinged with some rufous;
median line blackish; obsolescent, nearly parallel to T. P. line;
ordinary spots obsolescent; T. P. line doubled, its mesad part jet
black, nearly erect from costa to vein 3, thence bent inward as a
“V" again inwardly oblique below vein 1; distal part of T. P. line
blackish, more or less obsolescent, widely separated from mesad
part, nearly erect from costa to inner margin, included space tinged
with some rufous; an oblique black apical dash connected to a pale
waved S. P. line; a thin black terminal line; fringe fuscous gray
interlined darker." Hind wing fuscous. Beneath dull fuscous with
all maculation obsolescent or obsolete.

Expanse 32-34 mm.
Described from 6 ¢@ ¢4.

Taken in Verdugo Woodlands, Glendale, California, March 9 to
15, 1925, at light by the author. Holotype ¢ in coll. Wm. Barnes
2 ¢@ paratypes in coll. Barnes 3 @ paratypes in coll. Chas. A. Hill.

An interesting species with no closely related organism de-
scribed from Boreal America. The Tentamen generic name Bombycia
is used here for Cymatophora of Lists. This species may require
a separate genius. Superficially the resemblance is close to some
of the European species.

Mr. Dunkenfield-Jones, of Glendale, captured five specimens of
this species in March, 1926.

Il. Family Noctnidze Lascionycta benjamini sp. nov.

6 antennae heavily serrated, practically pectinate, frons bulg-
ing but not roughened, eyes small but round, strongly lashed as well
as hairy. Head and thorax gray, mottled with white and black.
Fore wing dull gray, powdered with violaceous white and black,
and tinged with ferruginous. Basal line obsolete, T. A. line obsolete;
clariform defined by black; orbicular and reniform rather poorly
defined, with fuscous centers, pale ringed, and blackish surrounding
scales, the former irregular and oblique, the latter more or less
crescent shaped; T. P. line obsolescent, produced to points on the
veins; S. T. line obsolescent, inwardly defined by a band of black
dashes; a thin black terminal line; fringe checkered and also inter-
lined. Hind wings dull whitish luteous, obscured by fuscous which
is darkest on veins as a discal spot and a median line, and as a
broad out band. Fringe luteous basally, with fuscous interline dis-
tally white. Beneath white tinged with luteous and powdered with
black and gray, the veins tending to’ be darkened, both wings crossed
by a common line with discal spots and with broad dark outer band-
ing. A strong black bar, tends to connect the discal spot of the hind
wing with the base.

Expanse 31-32 mm.

Described from 7 ¢ 6 taken in Inyo Co., California, at light
18-20th July, 1922, by the author on aj trip with Mr. A. ©. Poling. The
holotype taken at Mammoth, Inyo Co., California, 8,500 feet elevation,
is deposited in coll. Wm. Barnes, paratypes in; coll. Chas. A. Hill and
Wm. Barnes.

This’ is also an interesting species in that it differs considerably
from any other which has been described.

It is tentatively placed in Lasionycta because of its strongly
lashed eyes. It seems to be a connecting link between that genus
and “Polia’ of Hampson. The small eyes are not unlike those of
some ‘“Auarta.’’ Hampson’s figure of “Auarta” or Scotogramma dis-
color shows either the same or a very similar species. It was not
made from the type of discolor which has heretofore been known only
by the unique type in the U. S. National Museum. A copy of a photo-
graph of this is before me. Hampson’s determination seems quite
incorrect. I have recently found several more specimens of this
new species taken with these at the same time and locality.

Named in appreciation for the courtesies shown me on many oc-
casions by Mr. Foster H. Benjamin who kindly determined the three
moths described in this paper as being new to science and the
privilege of naming these species due to the generosity of Dr. Wm.
Barnes, of Decatur, Illinois, who spent four days with me last March
and took back home with him these new species with many others
for his collection and for determinations, later returned to me.

Ill. Family Noctnidz Paphia piazzi sp. nov.

Collar dark. disconcolorous with thorax which is dull gray and
concolorous with the primaries. These are scarcely marked save
for black t. a. and t. p. lines, the former, rather evenly rounded from
costa to vein 1, thence tending to be produced along vein 1, for a short
distance and to be connected to inner margin, this latter character
being rather prominent in the holotype but rather obsolescent in
a paratype; the t. p. line is excurved around cell, incurved from
vein and the ordinary spots are obsolescent. Fringe tending to be
slightly checkered. Hind wing white suffused with fuscous and
crossed by a median line. Beneath: white with some fuscous suf-
fusion, especially on primaries; both wings crossed by a common
line; discal dots present but faint.

Expanse 29-31 mm.

Described from 2 ¢ from Brownsville, Texas, taken at light by
E. Piazza, the holotype being labeled 4-11-25 and deposited in coll.
Barnes; the paratype 2-11-25 in coll. Chas. A. Hill.

This is new to the U. S. and north but ‘Brownsville’ localities

are always “suspicious” so that it may have been described from
Mexico S. Am. fauna.

Named in honor of our lamented friend whose untimely end
robbed us of one of the most indefatigable collectors I have ever
known. Mr. Piazzi had several more of this, but I have been unable
to trace his material since his death, March, 1926, in New York.

THE GENUS CORETHROGYNE IN SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA
By MARGARET L. CANBY

This paper, presenting a revised classification of the genus Core-
throgyne in Southern California, was worked out under the direction
of Dr. Philip A. Munz of Pomona College. Many of the suggestions
incorporated are his and to him are due thanks for obtaining reference
material.

I wish to express appreciation also to those who loaned or looked
up herbarium material: Miss Alice Eastwood of the California Acad-
emy of Sciences, Mr. F. W. Peirson of Pasadena, Mr. M. F. Gilman
of Banning, Dr. A. Davidson of Los Angeles, Dr. B. L. Robinson of
the Gray Herbarium, Dr. N. L. Gardner of the University of Cali-
fornia Herbarium, Dr. W. A. Maxon of the National Herbariuzs, and
Father J. C. Nieuwland of Notre Dame University.

Abbreviations used in citing specimens are:

Pomona College Herbarium................ (PC)
Graver Daniuliminner erica ory cio aeeeenere (G)
University of California Herbarium........ (UC)
IPtsipasfoyn Jaleyoenron soadoopoocudacdduooccce (FP)
DavidsonsbHerbarium \4seoceee eee ne (AD)
California Academy Herbarium ............ (CA)

Many specimens from outside our limits have been looked over in
the preparation of this paper and the following general conclusions
have been made. Two strictly northern species seem worthy of recog-
nition: ©. californica DC. and @. leucophylla (Lindl). I have seen
authentic material of C. obovata Benth., C. spathulata Gray, and C.
caespitosa Greene, and these appear to be synonomous with C. califor-
nica, having the same broad leaves, large heads and decumbent habit.
Original material of C. leucophylla has not been available but the
herbarium material labelled ©. lewcophylla seems to agree with the
description in DC., Prodr. 5:278, 1836. It has very small, hoary, obovate,
rather thick leaves and tomentose involucres and is low and spreading.
CO. tomentella (H. and A.) T. & G. is synomous with @. leucophylla.
All other plants in the genus fall into ©. filaginifolia of which the
var. typica is a coastal form extending southward from Monterey to
Santa Barbara. Rigida as a varietal name has been referred to Ben-
tham, Pl. Hartweg., 316, 1849 (C. incana var.? rigida), but his use
of the word “rigida’” was as a descriptive adjective (as Heller
Muhlenbergia 2:256. 1906, points out), so that the name virgata ap-
plies to the glandular coastal form of OC. filaginifolia, as the oldest
name for that concept. C. viscidula Greene is a synonym of C. filagini-
folia var. virgata. Rigida was made by Gray to include also the com-
mon mountain form, but since this is quite distinct from the coastal
plant, Greene’s name brevicula must be used.

KEY TO THE VARIETIES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Tomentum of uppermost parts deciduous by time of flowering.

Inflorescence glandular.
Involucres under 9 mm. high, glands short stipitate.
Plant short, generally under 4 dm.

Tomentose only around basal portion, not more than
half way up the stem, the glandular portion
bright green; San Antonio Mts.......5. ©. fila-
ginifolia var. pinetorum.

Tomentose at least half way up stem.

Involucres 7-9 mm. high; stems very stout, not
erect; San Miguel Island........ 6. C. fila-
ginifolia var. robusta.

Involucres 6-7 mm. high; stems fairly slender,
quite erect; mountain plants...... 4. C. fila-
ginifolia var. brevicula.

Plants tall, usually over 4 dm.

Tomentum extending up to involucre; inland valleys.
Boe hats 3. C. filaginifolia var. bernardina.

Tomentum not extending to involucre but upper parts
glandular.

Involucres turbinate to hemispheric; coastal....
....2. OC. filaginifolia var. virgata.

Involucres cylindrical, bracts squarrose, in 6 or
more ranks; San Fernando to Saugus region.
shee 7. C. filaginifolia var. Peirsoni.

Involucres over 9 mm. high, with long stalked glands; heads
numerous, hemispheric; coast of San Diego Co.......
8. C. filaginifolia var. incana.

Inflorescence scarcely if at all glandular; coastal...... 1. C. fila-
ginifolia var. typica.

Tomentum not deciduous at time of flowering.
Leaves linear; San Diego region.......... 9. ©. filaginifolia var.
linifolia.
Leaves not linear.
Involucres 8-12 mm. high, campanulate; leaves ovate to oblong

to spatulate; San Bernardino Mts....... 10. C. filagini-
folia var. sessilis.

Involucres 7-8 mm. high, turbinate; leaves mostly broadly ob-
long; coast of Ventura Co....... 11. OC. filaginifolia var.
latifolia.

TREATMENT OF VARIETIES*
1. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. typica n. nom.

Aster filaginifolius H. and A., Bot. Beechey, 146, 18338. (C. fila-
ginifolia (H. and A.) Nutt., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7:290. 1841.
Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2:98. 1841. Gray in Bot. Calif., 1:320,
1876. Gray, Syn. El. 1, pt. 2:170; 1884. Hall, U. €: Bubh Botrsi70:
1907. Davidson and Moxley, Fl.- So. Calif., 383 1923. Jepson, Man.
Calif., 1042. 1925. ©. californica D. C. var. filaginifolia Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. Pl. 1:330. 1891.

Sutfrutescent, slender, erect or ascending, 5-8 dm. high; tomentum
tardily deciduous, upper parts scarcely if at all glandular; leaves
lanceolate to ob-lanceolate. acute to obtuse, entire or toothed, upper
ones sessile, 1-5 em. long, 5-15 mm. wide; inflorescence paniculate with
relatively few heads, each on a slender branch; involucre, broadly tur-
binate 7-9 mm. high, glabrate, bracts rarely recurved; rays violet,
8-10 mm. long.

Coastal, entering our region from the north. Abundant material
seen from San Luis Obispo and Monterey Counties including a frag-
ment of the type collection (G@). From Santa Barbara County: Santa
Barbara, Brandegee in 1889 (UC).

2. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. virgata (Benth.) Gray in Bot. Calif.

12321. 1876, Syn El, N; Am) 1 pt. 22170) 1884 Halli oe@meup
Bot. 3:71. 1907. Davidson and Moxley, Fl. So. Calif., 383. 1923.

C. virgata Benth., Bot. Sulph., 23. 1844. Abrams, Fl. L. A. and
Vic., 401. 1904 and 367. 1917. ©. filaginifolia var. rigida of Jepson,
Man. Calif. 1048, 1925 in part. CC. flagellaris Greene, Leaflets Bot.
Obs. 2:27. 1910. CC. floccosa Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2:25. 1910. C.
californica DC, var. virgata of Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:330. 1891. C.
lavandulacea Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2:27. 1910. C. filaginifolia
of Millspaugh and Nuttall, Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 5:267. 1923. C. scabra
Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2:25. 1910.

Suffrutescent, stems slender, erect, 6-10 dm. high, tomentose below,
usually shedding the tomentum above and becoming green and with
short stipitate glands in whole upper portion; leaves linear-lanceolate,
entire to oblong and serrate near tips, sessile with more or less clasp-
ing base or lowermost petioled, 1-6 cm. long, 2-20 mm. wide; inflores-
cence a diffuse panicle with numerous heads; involucre variable, gen-
erally turbinate (occasionally campanulate or hemispherical), 5-8 mm.
high, bracts usually recurved, green; with numerous short stipitate
glands; rays apparently violet, 6-9 mm. long.

*The collections referred to in the following references were not available for
study and it was therefcre impossible to determine just what varieties of C. filagini-
folia are involved.

From Santa Cruz Island:

C. filaginifolia of Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:401. 1887.
Santa Rosa Island:

C. filaginifolia of Brandegee, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 1:211. 1888.
Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa and San Miguel Islands:

C. filaginifolia of Brandegee, Zce 1:138. 1890.
Catalina Island:

C. filaginifolia of Davidson, Erythea 2:30. 1894.

10

The variety was adequately distinguished from var. typica by Hall
(U. C. Pub. Bot. 3:70. 1907) on the basis of stipitate glands in the
inflorescence. It is the common plant along the coast from San Diego
to Monterey and exhibits many variations but none clearly enough
marked for nomenclatorial recognition. Material studied: San Diego
Co.: Vicinity of San Diego, Spencer 12 (G, UC), Wright 123 (UC),
Reynolds in 1897 (UC); San Diego, K. Brandegee in 1906 (UC), Purpus
in 1898 (Po, UC), Herre in 1902 (Po); Canyon above Old Mission,
Spencer 1342 (G); Ramona, K. Brandegee in 1903 (UC); North Island,
San Diego, Herre in 1902 (Po); Linda Vista, Macbride and Payson
782 (G@); Julian, Dunn in 1888 (UC); Palomar Mt., Schellenger in 1901
(UC). Orange Co.: Laguna Beach, Crawford in 1916 (20); Balboa,
Peirson 5087 (FP), Johnston in 1924 (Po). Los Angeles Co.: Ballona
Harbor, Abrams 2177 (Po); Playa del Rey, Abrams 2981 (G, Po, UC);
Santa Monica Exp’t. Station, Barber 291 (UC); Santa Monica Mts.,
Engelmann 13 (G); Malibu, Barber in 1898 (UC); Los Angeles near
Soldier's Home, Adams in 1905 (UC); Los Angeles, Wiss Palmer (UC),
Braunton 646 (UC); Elysian Park, Los Angeles, Abrams 4123 (G, Po),
4170 (G); Eagle Rock Canyon, Peirson (FP); San Gabriel Mts., Toll
Road, Peirson 257 (FP); Lukens Peak, Peirson 229 (FP); Rubio reser-
voir, Peirson 126 (HP); Eaton Canyon, San Gabriel Mts., Moxley 514
(UC); Pomona, Reed in 1895 (Po); without locality, Hasse in 1890,
type of scabra (US). Riverside Co.: Riverside, Zumbro 363 (UC).
Santa Barbara Co.: San Ysidro, Newell in 1913 (G); Santa Barbara,
Elmer 3856 (G, Po); Ellwood, Hastwood 217, type of C. filaginifolia
var. floccosa (CA).

Under C. filaginifolia var. virgata also are to be cited specimens
referred by Greene to flagellaris, since these specimens all seem to be
off-season growth. Those taken latest in the season most nearly
approach ordinary virgata and the locality is in the range of virgata.
Los Angeles Co.: Redondo, Braunton 280, type of C. flagellaris (US),
Davy 7772 (UC); Near Redondo, Hall 6723 (UC); Manhattan Beach,
Spalding in 1924 (Po).

Extremes of variation in virgata are shown by: Hastwood 1385 (G),
which has linear leaves and tomentose stems and leaves up to the
involucre, and the Peirson specimen from Hagle Rock, which lacks
tomentum and has broad obovate leaves. The former approaches var.
linifolia. MacBride and Payson 782 (G) from Linda Vista lacks
tomentum, leaving the inflorescence a sticky green. Abrams 298 (UC)
from Playa del Rey and Abrams 2177 (Po) from Ballona Harbor
approach (C. filaginifolia var. pacifica in size and shape of heads and
stoutness of growth, but have not the very long stipitate involucral
glands that characterize var. pacifica. Moxley 514 (UC) from Eaton
Canyon represents a local variation, with broad oblong cauline leaves
and very slender flowering branches with small heads. Lyon 7, in 1885
(G) from Haton Canyon is the same.

Plants from Catalina Island seem best referred to var. virgata,
although some are rather peculiar. Eastwood 6517 (CA) from the
Isthmus has the involucres quite wooly, but with the narrow bracts
of virgata rather than linifolia. Another Eastwood collection from
the same place, June 10, 1918, (CA) is quite definitely virgata, as are:
Avalon, Trask in 1901 (AD), in 1900 (US), in 1898, type of C. lavan-
dulacea (US).

11

3. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. bernardina (Abrams) Hall, U. C.

Pub. Bot. 3:71. 1907. Parish, Pl. World 20:257. 1917. Davidson
and Moxley, FI. So. Calif., 383. 1923.

C. filaginifolia of Reed, Muhlenbergia 5:97, 1909. ©. virgata var.
bernardina Abrams Fl. L. A. and vic., 401. 1904 and 368. 1917.
C. filaginifolia var. rigida of Jepson, Man. Calif., 1048. 1925, in part.

Suffrutescent, stems slender 5-9dm. high, rather persistently white
tomentose except on involucres and upper parts of peduncles, ‘the
exposed parts then glandular;”’ leaves oblong to lanceolate or oblan-
ceolate, usually entire or serrate on upper half, blades 1-5 cm. long,
0.5-2em wide; inflorescence a loose panicle or raceme with slender,
rather long divaricate branches terminating frequently in single heads
and rather conspicuously leafy bracted; involucres turbinate, 5-7mm.
long with squarrose bracts; rays lavender, 7-9mm. long.

Material studied: CALIFORNIA, without locality, Brandegee
(G), Los Angeles Co.; Los Angeles, Miss Palmer (UC), Nevin in 1880
(G); Pasadena, Jones in 1882 (Po), McClatchie in 1892 (UC). San
Bernardino Co.: without locality, Pringle in 1881 (G), Parish in 1893
(UC); San Antonio Canyon, Crawford in 1915 (Po); near Claremont,
Mune & Harwood 43880 (Po); Etiwanda, Abrams 2174 (Po); Lytle
Creek Canyon, Peirson 4609 (FP); Mentone, Abrams 2931, type col-
lection (G). Riverside Co.: Riverside, Reed 1980 (Po), Hall in 1899
(UC); Reche Canyen, Zumbro 31 (Po); Banning, Touwmey in 1894 (UC).

4. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. brevicula. (Greene) n. comb.

C. brevicula Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2:26. 1910. (©. filaginifolha
var. rigida Gray, Syn. FI. 1, pt. 2:170. 1884 for plants from So. Calif.
Hall, U. C. Pub. Bot. 3:72. 1907, in part. Parish, Pl; World) 202257.
1917, in part. Davidson and Moxley, Fl. So. Calif., 383. 1923, in part.
Jepson, Man. Calif., 1043. 1925, in part. Not C. rigida (Gray) Heller,
Muhl. 2:256. 1906. Not C. incana Nutt. var.? Benth., Pl. Hartweg., 316.
1849. C. filaginifolia Nutt. of Hall, U. C. Pub. Bot. 1:126. 1902. @C.
filaginifolia var. glomerata Hall, U. C. Pub. Bot. 3:72. 1907. Parish,
Pl. World 20:257. 1917. Jepson, Man. Calif., 1043. 1925. CC. racemosa
Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2:26. 1910.

Stems stiff, erect, 2-4 dm. (6) high, ligneous only at very base;
tomentum close, deciduous from inflorescence and upper part of stem
at time of blooming, leaving the involucre and the bare or sparsely
bracted peduncles glandular; leaves spatulate to obovate with clasping
base, characterized by a yellow green color made somewhat gray by the
tomentose investiture, upper leaves sessile 1-5cm. long, 4-15mm. wide,
lower narrowed into petioles and somewhat longer; inflorescence gen-
erally a corymbose panicle, relatively few flowered; involucres 6-7mm.
high, broadly turbinate, generally with recurved bracts; rays 10-12mm.
long, violet to purplish.

A practically herbaceous variety of the pine belt, ascending to
about 8000 ft. altitude and fairly frequent in all the mountains from
the Southern Sierras to the Lagunas of San Diego County, except
in the eastern part of the San Gabriel range where it is apparently
replaced by var. pinetorum, and from which it differs in being tomen-
tose higher in the plant. It is further characterized by its peculiar
grayish green tinge, sometimes accompanied by a touch of olive, and
by its rather closely placed obovate or spatulate lower leaves. It
frequents dry slopes and benches under pines.

12

The following material has been studied:

San Diego Co.: Mountains near U. S. boundary, Orcutt 624 (G),
Orcutt in 1889, apparently types of C. brevicula and C. racemosa (US) ;
Campo, Palmer 140 (UC); Laguna Mts., Munz 8354 (Po), Spencer
936 (Po, G); Cuyamaca Peak, 7. S. Brandegee in 1894 (UC); Palomar
Mt., Spencer 9385 (G), Spencer 992 (G, Po); Pine Hills, Spencer 296
(G, Po). Orange Co.: Santiago Peak, Munz 7739 (Po). Riverside
Co.: San Jacinto Mts., Pine Flats, Peirson 5017 (FP), Munz and John-
ston 8718 (Po); Poppet Flat, Munz and Johnston 8858 (Po); Straw-
berry Valley, Hall 2530 (UC); Idyldwild, Jones in 1924 (Po). San
Bernardino Co.: Forest Home. Robertson 110, (UC), Robertson 121
(UC); Mill Creek, Munz 7584 (Po), Peirson 4736 (FP); Santa Ana
River, Munz 6245 (Po, UC); South Fork Santa Ana River, Munz 6245
(Fo, UC), Peirson 3268 (FP); San Bernardino Mts., Jones in 1923
(Po); San Antonio Canyon, Peirson 2751 (FP). Los Angeles Co.:
Mt. Wilson, Davidson 1995 (AD). Ventura Co.: Seymour Creek, Mt.
Pinos, Baldwin 107 (UC). Kern Co.: Tehachapi, Hastwood in 1894
(G, UC).

The following material is more or less intermediate between d.
filaginifolia var. brevicula of higher altitudes and (C. filaginifolia var.
bernardina of the valleys: San Bernardino Co.: Spring Hill, San
Antonio Mts., Munz 6419 (Po). Riverside Co.: San Gorgonio Pass,
Wright 6 (G); Banning, Gilman 34 (UC), Munz and Johnston 8713 (Po).

5. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. pinetorum Johnston, Bull. So. Calif.

Acad. 18:21. 1915. Pl. World 22:119. 1919.

Herbaceous with several short, slender, sub-erect stems, 1-4.5 dm.
high; lower leaves and ca. 1 dm. of base of stem densely permanently
tomentose, whole upper portion bright oily green with dense stipitate
glands; leaves obovate to oblanceolate, petioled or with clasping base,
generally entire or serrate near tip, blades 0.5-3 cm. long, 3-8 mm.
wide; inflorescence relatively simple, corymbose with few heads, the
branching divaricate and monocephalous; involucres turbinate, 5-7
mm. high, bracts squarrose, rays purplish, 8 mm. long.

This local and sometimes ill-defined variety has been collected at
elevations ranging from 4,300 to 5,500 ft. and largely replaces var.
brevicula in its region. Material studied: Los Angeles Co.: Browns
Flats, Johnston 2137, type collection (Po, UC); Upper San Antonio
Canyon, Johnston 1644 (Po, UC); 1 mi. So. of Sunset Peak, Johnston in
1924 (Po, UC). ;

‘ 6. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. robusta Greene, Pittonia 1:89. 1887.

Hall U. C. Pub. Bot. 3:72. 1907. Davidson and Moxley, FI. So.
Calif., 383. 1923.

Stems stout, suffrutescent, somewhat depressed or ascending;
floccose tomentum of stem and leaves deciduous only from inflores-
cence, peduncles then glandular; leavés numerous along entire length
of stem, becoming rather conspicuous bracts in the inflorescence,
sessile or more commonly petioled, broadly obovate to spatulate, en-
tire or serrate at the tip, length 2-4 cm., width 0.5-1.7 cm., inflores-
cence a dense corymbose panicle; involucres hemispheric, involucral
bracts linear, acuminate, 7-9 mm. long, 0.7-1 mm. wide, recurved,
scarcely if at all glandular; rays 8-10 mm. long.

13

Material studied: Santa Barbara County: San Miguel Island,
Greene in 1886, type collection (CA). The one specimen examined
seems worthy of the varietal recognition Greene gives it on account of
its stockiness, depressed habit, numerous broad leaves and recurring
linear bracts that distinguish it from the mainland coastal form the
var. virgata which it most nearly resembles.

7. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. Peirsoni n. var.

Stems herbaceous, ligneous at base only, varying considerably
in stoutness usually quite stout and spreading, 4-9 dm. high; tomen-
tum deciduous only from upper parts or from more of the plant;
leaves oblanceolate to obovate, serrate on upper half, 1-5 em. long,
8-20 mm. wide; cauline leaves sessile, lower ones petioled and longer;
inflorescence paniculate to virgate the non tomentose portions a dark
green; involucres cylindric, diffusely glandular and somewhat scabrous,
7-$ mm. high; bracts squarrose, imbricated in about 6 or more ranks,
viscid, glandular with stout stipitate glands; rays 9-11 mm. long, red
violet in color.

Apparently a rather local variety of San Fernando Valley and
vicinity. Amply characterized as a variety by the peculiar dark green
color of the involucres and upper parts and by the red violet rays
and the numerous squarrose bracts of the cylindrical involucres. The
bracts have a tendency to continue on to the peduncle, as in Munz 7785
and Pierson 270.

Material studied: Los Angeles County: South side of Newhail
Grade, Canby 13, (Po); Newhall, Munz 7785, Oct. 7, 1923; (type
Pomona College Herbarium no. 18,222), Peirson 4159 (FP); 4 mi. n.
of Saugus, Canby 11, (Po), 10 (Po); Ravenna, K. Brandegee (UC);
San Gabriel Mts., Pacoima Canyon, Peirson 270 (FP); Bouquet Canyon,
Munz 7788 (Po). Munz 7788, a peculiarly narrow leaved plant from
Bouquet Canyon, has the inflorescence, etc. of Peironi and for want
of more material is referred here. Peirson 270 of Pacoima Canyon
does not look typical and is probably a shade plant.

8. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. incana (Nutt.) n. comb.

C. incana Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7:290. 1841.

Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. Amer., 2:98. 1841. Gray Syn. Fl. N. Amer.,
1, pt. 2°170. 1884. C. californica DC var. incana Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Pl. 1:1380. 1891. CC. filaginifolia var. tomentella Gray in Bot. Calif.
1:321. 1875, for plants from So. Calif. C. californica of Gray, Syn.
Fl. N. Amer. 1 pt. 2:70. 1884, for plants from So. Calif. C. filaginifolia
var. pacifica Hall, U. C. Pub. Bot. 3:73. 1907; Davidson and Moxley,
Fl. So. Calif, 383. 1923; Jepson, Man. Calif., 1043. 1925.

Plant stout, erect, much branched above, 5-8 dm. high, “tomentum
floccose, deciduous from the branchlets and involucres at time of
flowering; leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute,
entire or with few teeth, 2-5 em. long, 2-8 mm. wide; inflorescence °
an open panicle with numerous large heads, peduncles and involucres
conspicuously glandular with long-stalked glands; involucres, hemi-
spheric 10-12 mm. high; bracts imbricated, linear, acuminate, scarcely
if at all recurved, “greenish except at chartaceous and strongly nerved
base;”’ rays violet or purple, 11-12 mm. long.

Known from but few collections along the coast in San Diego
County. At first glance the large hemispheric heads of this plant
seem indicative of specific rank but study of a number of specimens
soon reveals intergrades with virgata and linifolia. To this variety the

14

following material may be referred: Pacific Beach, Purpus in 1899,
(18987), type collection of pacifica (G, Po, UC); Del Mar,
K. Brandegee in 1906 (UC); southern part of San Diego County,
Palmer in 1875 (G); San Diego, Parry 1850 (G). The following
specimens probably represent spring collections and are not typical
of incana in the lack of branching in the inflorescence and in the
presence of some tomentum in the involucre but by virtue of their
large hemispherical heads and peculiar stalked glands they must be
referred here; San Diego, Nuttall, type collection of incana (G), Cooper
in 1860-61 (G).

Since Nuttall’s specimen of incana without doubt applies to the
same concept as Hall’s pacifica, and since incana was used as a varietal
name long before pacifica, it must be used.

9. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. linifolia Hall, U. C. Pub. Bot.
3:71. 1907. Dayidson and Moxley, Fl. So. Calif., 383. 1923. Ap-
parently Jepson, Man. Calif., 1042. 1925, in part.

Herbaceous or apparently suffrutescent, erect, 2-4 dm. high; per-
manently hoary tomentose throughout including involucres; leaves,
“erowded below, more scattered above, all narrowly linear, 2-5 cm.
long,’ 1-2 (5) mm. wide; inflorescence with heads solitary on simple
stems or on spreading branches; involucres broadly turbinate, 8-10 mm.
high; bracts with spreading tips, imbricated in 5 ranks; rays violet,
6-8 mm. long.

Material studied: San Diego Co.: San Diego, Spencer 35 (G, UC);
Del Mar, K. Brandegee in 1906 (G, UC); Torrey Pines, Collins and
Kempton 211 (US); Encinitas, 7. 8S. Brandegee in 1894 (UC). A col-
lection from Point Loma, Hall 8324 (G, Po, UC) has the narrow woolly
leaves of linifolia but involucres and upper parts of stem are as green
and glandular as in any virgata; it is quite intermediate between the
two varieties.

10. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. sessilis (Greene) n. comb.

C. sessilis Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2:25. 1910. C. filaginifolia var.
rigida of Parish, Pl. World 20:257. 1917, in part. OC. filaginifolia var.
latifolia of Jepson, Man. Calif., 1042. 1925 for San Bernardino Mts.

Herbaceous, scarcely if at all suffrutescent, frequently rather stout
esvecially in exposed positions; densely and rather permanently to-
mentose on stems and involucres; height 1.5-7 dm.; leaves ovate to
oblong-ovate to spatulate, entire or serrate at tip, grayish green to
almost whitish in color, sessile (sometimes by broad clasping base)
or lowermost petioled; blades 1-4 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. wide; inflorescence
varying from virgate on rather stout axis to open and spreading on a
slender axis; peduncles when evident, commonly monocephalous and
sparingly leafy-bracted; involucres campanulate, 8-12 mm. high, its
bracts closely imbricated in about five series, with somewhat spread-
ing tips and invested with a permanent somewhat floccose tomentum;
rays violet, 10-12 mm. long.

Abundant on dry, open hillsides and under pines in Upper Sonoran
and Transition Zones of San Bernardino Mountains from about 4,000
to 7,500 ft. altitude. Apparently taking on two forms, the typical,
stout, densely tomentose virgate plant of open places and the more
slender loosely branched, rather thinly tomentose one from shade.
Amply characterized as a variety by its tomentose involucre, long
rays, sparingly bracted peduncles and ovate to spatulate leaves. The
following material is referred to this variety: without locality,
Hall (UC). San Bernardino Co.: “San Bernardino,” S. B. and W. F.
Parish 1015 (UC); San Bernardino Mts., Parish 2233, 28rd Oct. 1891,

15

apparently type collection (UC), Parish, Oct. 22, 1891 (Po); Santa
Ana River, Munz 63833 (Po, UC), Munz 6384 (Po, UC); Little Bear
(Arrowhead Lake) Wilder 390 (Po); Arrowhead Grade, Canby in 1925
(Po); City Creek, Jones in 1925 (Po); Black Oaks in City Creek,
Jones in 1925 (Po); Strawberry Flats, Canby in 1925 (Po); Bluff
Lake, Williams in 1902, (UC); Deep Creek, Johnston in 1924, (Po);
No. Fork Deep Creek, Johnston 2913 (Po); Fish Camp, Johnston in
1924, (Po); Bear Lake, Jones in 1925 (Po); Bear Valley, Jones in 1906
(Po); Fredalba, Johnston in 1924 (Po).

The two following collections from lower altitudes suggest variety
bernardina and may be considered as intergrade between sessilis and
bernardina: (1) City Creek at 1800 ft. altitude, Johnston in 1924 (Po),
with stems, leaves and woolly involucres suggesting sessilis and small
heads and leafy bracted peduncles suggesting bernardina; (2) Arrow-
head Hot Springs, Johnston in 1924 (Po), suggesting sessilis in tomen-
tum on involucres and bernardina in general appearance and habit.

11. Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. latifolia Hall, UC. Pub. Bot. 3:70.

1907. Davidson and Moxley, Fl. So. Calif., 383. 1923. Not of Jep-
son, Man. Calif., 1042. 1925.

re

Stems suffrutscent, stout, “5 dm. or more high,” tomentose through-
out, even on involucres; “lower leaves. narrowed to base principal
cauline leaves broadly oblong or slightly narrowed to the closely
sessile base, shallowly toothed at the very obtuse summit,’ 1-4 ecm.
long, 0.5-1 cm. wide; inflorescence paniculate with few heads; invo-
lucres turbinate, 7-8 mm. high; bracts with slightly spreading tips;
rays conspicuous, 10 mm. long.

Material studied: Ventura Co.; Oxnard, Davy, 7813 (UC), Davy
7814, (UC). Los Angeles Co.: “Los Angeles,’ Nevin in 1880 (G).

This coastal variety can be distinguished from our other Southern
California forms with woolly involucres by its broad oblong leaves
and northern coastal distribution. An off season specimen, ‘Los
Angeles,” Gray in 1885 (G) taken between February and May seems to
belong here on basis of leaf shape but the involucre is only partially
tomentose.

BOTANICAL FIELD NOTES
DR. A. DAVIDSON

Arenaria californica Brewer. Hills near Tehachapi. Kessler.

Sedum pumilum Benth. Abundant on the hills near Keen. Kessler.

Draba subsessile Wats. Mountains on S. fork of Bishop Creek,
Inyo Co. Kessler. Previously collected in the White Mts. and on Mt.
Whitney. Identified by Prof. E. B. Payson.

Ivesia Chandleri Rydb. Thomson Mts., Bishop Creek. Kessler.
Only other known locality Mt. Goddard. Identified by Mr. Rydberg.

Vaccinium ovatum Pursh. San Marcus Pass. Payne.

Loiseluria flaviflora Davidson. Colorado Desert. Mrs. S. Hutch-
inson.

Oxtheca luteola Parry. Not uncommon around the dry lakes
near Muroc. Hitherto only known from Lancaster.

Orobanche Ludoviciana. Nutt. Mt. Islip. Burlew.

Prunella vulgaris lanceolata Fernald. Mt. Islip. Burlew.

Zygophyllum Fabago Var. brachycarpa Bois. A native of N.
Africa growing freely in an irrigation ditch along with Centaurea
repens L at a ranch a few miles east of Rosamund. A new intro
duction in this country.

16

THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA “SPECIES OF SALVIA

(including Ramona)

By PHILIP A. MUNZ \
Professor of Botany, Pomona College

During a period of some years of observation of our native species
of Salvia, I have arrived at some conclusions that may be worthy of
record. The work has been carried on in the field and herbarium,
the most of the larger collections in the country having been examined.
To the curators of these various herbaria, my gratitude is hereby
expressed, particularly to Dr. B. L. Robinson of the Gray Herbarium
and to Dr. N. L. Gardner of the University of California. In citing
specimens from these herbaria, the abbreviations indicated in the fol-
lowing parentheses are used: Gray Herbarium (G); New York Botan-
ical Garden (NY); Philadelphia Academy of Sciences (Ph); United
States National Herbarium (US); University of California (C); and
Pomona College (P).

For the most part the descriptions of species as given in Jepson’s
new Manual of California (1925) are so adequate as to make redescrip-
tion unnecessary. Occasionally I shall give a color note, where I
disagree with Jepson.

The use of the generic term Salvia for all our native sages does
not mean that I necessarily feel that the genus Ramona must be
suppressed. So far as my slight acquaintance with the.great genus
Salvia goes, I incline toward so disposing of Ramona and here follow
recent usage of a number of our best workers on California Botany
(Parish, Hall and Jepson). But a final disposition of Ramona must
be left for a more thorough student of the whole group.

Even a superficial study of our plants leads one to believe in a
number of cases of hybridization. I shall therefore discuss hybrids
in a special section after the treatment of species.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

A. Lower end of the connective developed and bearing a definite rudi-
mentary or deformed anther-cell.

B. Annual herbs with leaves largely basal.

C. Corolla lavender, 25-35 mm. long, lower lip fimbriate,
anthers orange; floral bracts woolly, lance-oblong with
several conspicuous lateral as well as single terminal
spines; leaves thistle-like, spiny pinnatifid, white-tomen-
WO SCM riee ries coe erate aaice ae ec are enter craig Waal a 1. S. carduacea.

CC. Corolla deep blue, 12-16 mm. long, lower lip not fimbriate;
floral bracts purple, suborbicular, with single terminal
spins; leaves not spiny, dark green, finely pubescent,
loyoruonpehnbivel, “GPUS, sao 5cdnuoneaoouaas 2. S. Columbariae.

BB. Shrubby plants with leaves all along the stems.

C. Calyx subglobose, with 5 short almost equal triangular
teeth; leaves tomentose, whitish, with long terminal spine
and from 0 to 2 pairs of lateral spines; corolla purplish,
lower lip almost as long as tube; flowers in almost con-
tinuous spike. Death Valley region.

D. Corolla ca. 16mm. long; calyx 6 mm. hidden in long
conspicuous tufts of wool; floral bracts broadly lan-
ceolate to broadly ovate and with inconspicuous veins
beneath. Funeral Mts....... 3. S. funerea var. typica.

17

DD. Corolla ca. 11 mm. long; calyx 4-5 mm. with shorter
and less conspicuous tomentose; floral bracts, “‘or-
bicular-ovate, abruptly acerose,” with conspicuous
velns benedth, Hunnace Creekin.. . eee

CC. Salyx elongate, with unequal teeth; leaves less tomentose,
with greenish, spinulose teeth; corolla lavender with
lower lip ca. one-fourth the length of the tube; flowers
in interrupted whoris. Colorado Desert....5. S. Greatai.

AA. Lower end of connective not developed at all or forming only
a small tooth.

B. Perennial herbs, at most slightly woody at base.

C. Flowers large, ca. 30 mm. long, purplish red; leaves
triangular with truncate or cordate-hastate base and
blades commonly 10-20 cm. long; plants 30-80 cm. high,
COBTSOMrerete ete totenenspeverel cis) orsdonerener Seas ESO Oe 6. S. spathacea.
an open paniculate arrangement; corolla tube usually

CC. Flowers smaller, 15-18 cm. long, bluish; leaves spatu
late-oblong to obovate-spatulate with blades 2-5 em.
long; plants 10-20 ecm. high, slender....7. S. sonomensis.

BB. Shrubs, with definite woody base.

C. “Inflorescence densely whorled-glomerate and interrupted-
spicate,” the spikes occasionally branched and forming
longer than lower lip.

D. Leaves distinctly broader above the middle than
below it, spatulate-oblong to broadly obovate, not
at all rugose; floral bracts membranous, rounded,
highly colored.

i. Upper lip of corolla at least half as long as tube;
corolla 13-15 mm. long, tube with hair well dis-
tributed; floral bracts generally less than 1 cm.
long; leaves not over 3 cm.

F. Inflorescence and upper parts of stem glab-
rate to finely pubescent. Inyo Co. and to
the east and north. 8. 8. carnosa var. typica.

FF. Inflorescence and upper parts of stem vil-
lous-pubescent. San Bernardino, Los An-
geles and Kern Counties.................
eas MERI OMEN Oe dae 9. S. carnosa var. pilosa.

EE. Upper lip of corolla one-fourth to one-fifth as
long as tube; corolla usually ca. 20 mm. long;
the tube with a definite transverse band of
hair; floral bracts commonly 15-25 mm. long;
leaves (blade plus petiole) 3-6 cm. long......
Soc ORCL POCO TE EO GRRE a 10. S. compacta.

DD. Leaves broader below middle than above (except
sometimes in mellifera and vars.), rugose or with
evident reticulate veining.

E. Leaves bright green, not white tomentose be-
neath floral bracts somewhat membraneous, not
conspicuously tomentose (see also mellifera var.
Jonesii). Desert plants.

F. Floral bracts pale, mucronulate, closely and
finely tomentulose; calyx teeth short; corolla
15-16 mm. long. San Bernardino County
CASUWaRd leiersys oe cvere eveteeutone 11. S. mohavensis.

FF.

Floral bracts ‘purplish green, spinulose
tipped, hispid-ciliate to stiff glandular-
pubescent; calyx-teeth elongate, spinulose
tipped; corolla ca. 20 mm. long. Western
edge of Colorado Desert.................

BUI ese See ues ara 12. S. eremostachya.

BE. Leaves green or white, definitely tomentose be-
neath (except in mellifera var. Jonesii) ; floral
braets generally tomentose.

ye

FF.

Corolla 8-12 mm. long; leaves generally

bright green; floral bracts ovate to oblong,

cuspidate; 2 lower calyx lobes spinulose
tipped. Plants of coastal drainage.

G. Stamens well exserted, quite equal to
upper lip of corolla; corolla tube with
norraw transverse band of hair, leaves
dark green above, 2-7 cm. long.........
Apap naa nl eps 13. S. mellifera var. typica.

GG. Stamens scarcely if at all exserted,

shorter than upper lip; corolla tube
and throat with hair well distributde;
leaves rathre pale green.

H. Anthers of fertile stamens quite
equal in length to filaments; up-
per lip of corolla ca. half as long
as lower; calyx 8 mm. long; caly-
ces and floral bracts greenish;
leaves linear to lanceolate, tomen-
revolute extremely rugose. Santa
RROSa Sami ees sean ccioreevencucenec
Boaters 14. S. mellifera var. revoluta.

HH. Anthers ca. half as long as fila-

ments; upper lip of corolla quite
equal to lower; cadyx 5 mm.
long; calyces and bracts quite
purplish; leaves oblanceolate to
oblong-spatulate, 1-2.5 cm. long,
quite smooth . Lower Califor-
nit..15. S. mellifera var. Jonesii.
Corolla 15-25 mm. long; leaves pale.

G. Calyx teeth spinulose and as long as
calyx itself; flowers white, 2 cm. long.
Colorado Desert.......... 16. S. Vaseyi.

GG. Calyx teeht much shorter; corolla not
white. Coastal.

H. Corolla ca. 15 mm. long, light pur-
ple, tube almost included in calyx;
floral bracts densely white farinose,
the teeth obsolete. Orange Co.
northward...... 17. S. lewcophylla.

HH. Corolla ca. 20 mm. long, blue,
tube well exserted; floral bracts
whitish-pubescent to viscid-pub-
escent, abruptly acute to sharp
pointed; calyx dark iv,scid-glan-
dular, with evident teeth. San
Diego Co. southward...........
SI APN anclen cia cabecbeits 18. 8S. Clevelandii.

19

CC. Inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, although lateral
branches may be short and compact; floral bracts and
leaves small; corolla-tube shorter than lower lip; upper
lip very short.

D. Panicles open, well branched. Coastal slopes.......
MOCO GUT UOUDUCOMUC CT DUOS 19. S. apiana var. typica.

DD. Panicles condensed, spicate. Edge of des-
OLGreiiiels ole eievoe teksts 20. S. apiana var. compacta.

TREATMENT OF SPECIES

1. Salvia carduacea Benth., Lab. Gen. et Sp., 302. 1833.

Corolla lavender to purple; anthers bright orange to vermillion.

Type locality, “Hab. in California,’ Douglas. Locally abundant
at low altitudes in the Sonoran Zones, growing on sandy plains and
dry hills mostly of the interior portions of the coastal drainage, but
occurring also along the western edge of the Colorado Desert and in
the western half of the Mohave. Desert records for SAN DIEGO
COUNTY: San Felipe, Jones in 1906 (P); Jacumba, Hggleston 19754
(P). SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY: Barstow, Hall 6167 (C); Victor-
ville, Jones in 1903 (P), Munz 2549 (P); 20 miles W. of Barstow, Munz
& Keck 7933 (P). LOS ANGELES COUNTY: Acton, Elmer 3594
(G, NY, P); Antelope Valley, Shaw et al. in 1917 (P), Davy 2665 (C).

2. Salvia Columbariae Benth., Lab. Gen. et Sp., 302. 1833.

Pycnosphace Columbariae Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts., 747, 1066. 1917.

Type locality, “Hab. in California,’ Douglas. Generally distributed
in both Sonoran Zones throughout our region, both coastal and desert.
Island records are as follows: San Clemente, Munz 6428 (P); Cata-
lina, Brandegee, Zoe 1:115. 1890 & 143. 1890; Millspaugh & Nuttall,
Field Mus. Pub. 212: 240. 1923; Santa Rosa, Brandegee, 1. c.; Santa
Cruz, Brandegee, 1. c.; Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:377. 1887.

3. Salvia funerea Jones var. typica n. nom. (figs. 1 and 2).

S. funerea Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12:71. 1908.

A striking plant growing “on the hottest volcanic rock cliffs” at
1500 to 2000 ft. altitude in the Funeral Mts., Death Valley, Jones in
IO typercoll: = (Cejyr

4. Salvia funerea var. fornacis Jeps., Man. Calif., 868. 1925.

Known from a single collection at Furnace Creek, Death Valley,
Parish 10032 (C, G). The status of this variety must remain somewhat
in doubt until more material is available. Of the collection of var.
typica by Jones, there are at Pomona College four sheets, one of which
(P. C. No. 78617) approaches the var. fornacis in the prominent veining
of the leaves and floral bracts. However, all four sheets are consistent
in having larger flowers, longer and very much more tomentose calyces
than in fornacis.

20

5. Salvia Greatai Brandg., Zoe 5:229. 1906. (figs. 3 & 4).

Corolla a pale bluish-lavender.

Known only from the type locality, a wash about four miles north-
east of Dos Palmos in the northern part of the Colorado Desert: Hall
& Greata 5848, type collection (C, G, P), Jaeger 1100 (P), Hill & Canby
in 1926 (P).

A 6. Salvia spathacea Greene, Pittonia 2:236. 1892.

Audibertia grandiflora Benth., Lab. Gen. et Sp., 312. 1833. Auwdi-
bertiella grandiflora Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:73. 1894. Ramona grandi-
flora Brigq., 1. c., 440. 1894. Not Salvia grandiflora Etlinger, Salv., 17.
1777.

Type locality, “Hab. in California septentrionali,’ Douglas. Fre-
quent on grassy and partly shaded slopes at low altitudes in the Upper
Sonoran Zone, near the coast from Orange and Los Angeles Counties
northward.

7. Salvia sonomensis Greene, Pittonia 2:236. 1892. (figs. 5 & 6).
Audibertia humilis Benth., Lab. Gen. et Sp., 313. 1833. Audi-
bertiella humilis Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:73. 1894. Ramona humilis
Greene, Erythea 1:44. 1893. Not Salvia humilis Benth., Lab. Gen. et
Sp., 247. 1832-33.
Corolla bluish violet.

Type locality, “Hab. in California septrionali,’ Douglas. In South-
ern California known only from the Cuyamaca region where it forms
open patches on dry slopes at the upper edge of the Upper Sonoran
Zone. SAN DIEGO COUNTY: Cuyamaca. Peak, Brandegee in 1894
(C, NY), Munz & Harwood 7256 (G, P(; Cuyamaca Mts., Palmer in
1875 (G); 2 miles E. of Cuyamaca, Abrams 3938 (G, NY); Descanso,
Brandegee in 1904 (C), in 1906 (C).

8. Salvia carnosa Greene var. typica n. nom. (figs. 7 & 8).

Salvia carnosa Greene, Pittonia 2:235. 1882. Audibertia incana
Benth., Bot. Reg. 6: t. 1469. 1832. Audibertiella incana Briq., Bull.
Herb. Boiss. 2: 73. 1894. Not Salvia incana Mart. & Gal., Bull. Acad.
Brux. (2) 11:68. 1844.

Type locality, “plains of Columbia near the Priest’s Rapid and the
clayey hills near the Big Birch,’ Douglas in 1826. I have studied
the Douglas specimen at the Gray Herbarium and find very little dif-
ference between typica and pilosa. The tendency toward more glabrous
stems and inflorescence and toward having the lower lobes of the calyx
slightly broader is about all I can discover. I refer to typica the
following southern collections: CALIFORNIA, INYO COUNTY: Nel-
son Range, Hall & Chandler 7141 (P); Panamint Canyon, Jones in 1897
(NY, P); Shepherds Canyon, Jones in 1897 (P); Pleasant Canyon,
Jones in 1897 (P); Argus Mts., Purpus 5414 (G,P). ARIZONA: South
of Little Colorado River, Jones in 1890 (P); Willow Springs, Jones in
1890 (P); Home Rock, Jones in 1890 (P). NEVADA: Mt. Magruder,
Purpus 5925 (P); Palisade, Jones 4035 (P); WaWa, Jones in 1906 (P).

9. Salvia carnosa var. pilosa (Gray) Jepson, Man. Calif., 870. 1925.

(fig. 9).

Audibertia incana var. pilosa Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am., ed. 2, 2, pt.
1:461. 1886. Salvia pilosa Merriam, N. Am. Fauna, 7, pt. 2:322. 1893,
in part. Ramona pilosa Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:443. 1910.
Audibertiella argentea Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36:683. 1909,
in part.

21

Type locality, “Northern base of San Bernardino Mts., on the bor-
der of the Mojave Desert,” Parish. This variety has been too inclusive
and should be restricted to plants bordering the Mojave Desert of
California (where it is largely in the western and southern portions)
and extending eastward into adjacent parts of Nevada and Arizona,
growing on dry benches of Upper Sonoran Zone. Here I refer material
such as the following: CALIFORNIA, MONO COUNTY: £4Northern
part of Volcanic Tableland, Peirson 6085 (P). KERN COUNTY: Jo-
hannesburg, Jaeger 1096 (P). LOS ANGELES COUNTY: Vincent,
Elmer 3696 (NY, P); Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mts., Munz 6863 (P).
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY: Cajon Pass, Johnston in 1920 (P);
Mojave River, Parish 4935 (NY, P); Hesperia, Munz 4443 (P), Spen-
cer 385 (G, NY, P); Oro Grande Wash, Johnston in 1920 (P); No.
base of San Bernardino Mts., S. B. & W. F. Parish 1309, type coll.
(C, G); Covington Flats, Little San Bernardino Mts., Jaeger in 1926
(P); Providence Mts., Munz & Harwood 3554 (P), Munz, Johnston &
Harwood 4037 (P); Kelso, Jones in 1906 (P). NEVADA: Amargosa
Desert, Jones in 1907 (P); Eldorado Canyon, Nelson, Jones in 1907
(P); Good Springs, Jones in 1905 (P). ARIZONA: Chloride, Jones in
1903 (P).

10. Salvia compacta (Hall) n. comb. (figs. 10 & 11).

Audibertia incana var. pachystachya Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am., ed. 2,
2, pt. 1:461. 1886. Audibertia pachystachya Parish, Erythea 6:91.
1898. Ramona pachystachya Heller, Muhlenbergia 1:4, 1900. Salvia
carnosa var. compacta Hall, Univ. Cal. Pub. Bot. 1:111. 1902. Not
Salvia pachystachya Tratutv., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 41:462. 1868.

Type locality, Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts. The differently
shaped corolla (longer, more tubular, with smaller upper lip and
shorted lateral lobes on the lower lip), the more definite and annular
arrangement of hair in the corolla-tube, the larger floral bracts and
leaves, aS well as the geographical distribution and higher life zone
argue for the recognition of this plant as a distinct species. Where
its range does overlap with that of S. carnosa var. pilosa, as at Cactus
Flat in the San Bernardino Mts., the two plants growing almost side
by side, maintain their strongly marked individual characters. For
the most part found on dry slopes in the Transition Zone, though
occasionally dropping into Upper Sonoran, as Munz 10501 and Hall
2160, and Munz & Johnston 5247 listed below. Ranging as follows:
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY: Cactus Flat, Munz 10501 (P); Bear
Valley, Abrams 2077 (P), S. B. & W. F. Parish 330, type coll. (G);
Sugarloaf Mt., Munz 10779 (P); Santa Ana River Canyon, Hall 7549
(G, P), Feudge 1242 (P), Munz 6147 (C, P); Fish Creek, Munz &
Johnston 8497 (P); Quail Spring, Little San Bernardino Mts., Munz
& Johnston 5247 (P). RIVERSIDE COUNTY: East base, San Jacinto
Mts., Hall 2160 (NY, P); north slope San Jacinto Mts., Jaeger 1010
(P); Santa Rosa Mts., Munz 5813 (P), Munz 5888 (P). SAN DIEGO
COUNTY: “Southern part,’ also given as “Tantillas,’ Palmer in 1875
(C, G, NY) is undoubtedly from Lower California. LOWER CALI-
FORNIA: Topo, Orcutt in 1882 (C, G); San Pedro Martir, Robertson
14 & 15 (C), Abbott in 1926 (P).

11. Salvia mohavensis Greene, Pittonia 2:235. 1892. (figs. 12 & 13).

Audibertia capitata Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:387. 1868. Awdiber
liella capitata Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:73. 1894. Ramona capitata
Briq., 1. c., 440. 1894. Not Salvia capitata Schlecht., Linnea 26:292.
1853-55.

22

Type locality, Providence Mts. Growirig largely on rocky canyon-
walls in the Lower Sonoran Zone in the Mojave Desert and adjacent
region. SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY: Silver Lake, Munz & Keck
7910 (P); Camp Cady, 8S. B. & W. F. Parish 1308 (C, G); Newberry
Mts., Mune & Keck 7863 (P); Quail Springs, Little San Bernardino
Mts., Munz & Johnston 5235 (P); Kelso, Jones in 1906 (P); Providence
Mts., Cooper in 1861, type coll. (G@), Brandegee in 1902 (C), Mune,
Johnston & Harwood 4051 (P); Turtle Mts., Munz & Harwood 3509
(P). RIVERSIDE COUNTY: Eagle Mts., Jaeger in 1926 (P). NE-
VADA: Eldorado Canyon at Nelson, Jones in 1907 (P); Good Springs,
Jones in 1905 (P). ARIZONA: Chimehueyis, Jones in 1903 (P).
SONORA: Pinacate Mt., MacDougal 72 (US). —

“12. Salvia eremostachya Jepson, Man. Calif., 870. 1925. (figs. 14 & 15).

Type locality, Indian Canyon, Collins Valley, western edge of
Colorado Desert. Of this amply distinct species I have seen two col-
lections from the southern edge of RIVERSIDE COUNTY: Coyote
Canyon, Hall 2856 (C, P, Ph); Rockhouse Canyon, Jaeger 1098 (P).

13. Salvia mellifera Greene var. typica n. nom. (figs. 16 & 17).

Audibertia stachyoides Benth., Lab. Gen. et Sp., 313. 1833. Audi-
bertiella stachyoides Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:73. 1894. Ramona
stachyoides Briq., 1. c., 440. 1894. Salvia mellifera Greene, Pittonia
2:236. (1892. Not Salvia stachyoides HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2:287.
t. 138. 1817.

Type locality, “Hab. in California septentrionali,’’ Douglas. The
usual form of the species, common on dry slopes and benches at low
altitudes throughout the coastal part of our region. Occurring cer-
tainly on two of the islands: Santa Catalina, L. W. Nuttall in 1920
(P), ¢Millspaugh & Nutt., Field Mus. Pub. 212:241. 1923),.and Santa
Cruz, Jones in 1924 (P), Brandegee in 1888 (C). The Brandegee
reference in Zoe 1:143. 1890 to the occurrence on Santa Rosa Island
may refer to the var. revoluta. in the southern part of its range
typica has smaller heads and flowers than does more northern material,
e. g. Spencer 132 from San Diego (G, NY) has the calyx 5-6 mm.
long and corolla 10 mm., while Douglas’ type collection from ‘Nova
California” (G) resembles the bulk of more northern plants in a 9
mm. calyx and 12 mm. corolla. But in spite of this reduction in size
in San Diego County plants. I have seen none that actually grade into
the var. Jonesii which I am proposing for Ensenada and vicinity.

14. Salvia mellifera var. revoluta (T. S. Brandg.) n. comb. (figs. 18
& 19).

Audibertia stachyoides var. revoluta Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad.,
(2) 1:216. 1888.

So far as I have been able to determine, this variety is known
from but the type collection, Island of Santa Rosa, 7. S. Brandegee
in June, 1888 (C, G). It is amply characterized by its peculiar strongly
revolute leaves and very short stamens and pistil. For some time its
superficial resemblance in leaf appearance to S. eremostachya caused
confusion in my mind, but the much shorter corollas and revolute,
more tomentose leaves distinguish it at once.

23

15. Salvia mellifera var. Jonesii n. var. (figs. 20 & 21).

Stems slender, leaves oblanceolate, smaller than in typica, 1-2.5
(4) em. long, quite smooth; internodes longer than leaves; floral bracts
and calyces often purplish; calyx ca. 5 mm. long; corolla bright blue,
10-12 mm. long; fertile stamens not long exserted as in var. typica.

This well marked variety, while not within California itself,
occurs so near to our border and is so clearly related to our Salvia
mellifera var. typica as to be deserving of treatment here. It has
received the herbarium name of Audibertia stachyoides var. australis
Brandg., on a collection made by Brandegee at Ensenada in 1897
(C, NY, P), but seems never to have been published. I take pleasure
in naming it for Marcus E. Jones, of Pomona College, by whose col-
lection at Gray Herbarium I was first made aware of its existence
as a variety. TYPE: Near Ensenada, Lower California, Jones, April
10, 1882, Pomona College Herbarium No. 78620, collection also at Gray
Herbarium. Other material, all from LOWER CALIFORNIA: WN
Lower Calif., Jones, April 9, 1882 (P), April 7, 1882 (P); 20 miles
N. of Eensenada, Ballou 1 (P); Ensenada, Brandegee in 1897 (C, NY,
P), Anthony 183 (G); 4 miles S. of Refugio, Ballow 22* (P); Santa
Clara Canyon, Ballow 42 (P); San Quentin, Ballow 33 (P), Palmer in
1889 (G. cf. Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 11:533. 1889); John-
son’s Ranch, San Antonio, Jones in 1925 (P); La Salinas, Jones in 1925
(P); Todos Santos Bay, Orcutt: 705 (G); without definite locality,
Orcutt 160 (G), 706 (G), Pringle in 1882 (G).

16. Salvia Vaseyi (Porter) Parish, Muhlenbergia 3:126. 1907. (figs.

22 (& 23).

Audibertia Vaseyi Porter, Bot. Gaz. 6:207. 1881. Audibertiella
Vaseyi Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:73. 1894. Ramona Vaseyi Briq., 1. ¢.,
440. 1894. .

Type locality, Mountain Springs, San Diego County. Ranging
along the western edge of the Colorado Desert from Morongo Valley
southward, mostly on dry slopes in the upper part of the Lower
Sonoran Zone. RIVERSIDE COUNTY: Dry Morongo Wash, Munz &
Johnston 5285 (C, NY, P); Morongo Canyon, Parish 3233 (C, G, NY);
Palm Canyon, Parish 6164 (C, G); Palm Creek, 7. S. Brandegee in
1895 (P); E. base of San Jacinto Mts., Hall 1878 (C). SAN DIEGO
COUNTY: San Felipe Canyon, Brandegee in 1894 (C), in 1901 (C);
Mt. Springs, Vasey in 1880, type coll., (G), Palmer in 1875 (G), Munz
9636 (P); LOWER CALIFORNIA: 38 miles W. of Mexicali, Munz
9582 (P).

17. Salvia leucophylla Greene, Pittonia 2:236. 1892. (figs. 24 & 25).
Audibertia nivea Benth., Lab. Gen. et Sp., 313. 1833. Audibertiella

nivea Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:73. 1894. Ramona nivea Brig., l. ¢.,

440. 1894. Not Salvia nivea Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap., 96. 1794-1800.

Type locality, “Hab. in California septentrionali,’ Douglas. A
species distributed along the coast and ranging from Orange County
northwestward. The southeastern limits are indicated by the follow-
ing: ORANGE COUNTY: ‘Robbers Cave,” Santiago Canyon, Geis in
1902 (P). LOS ANGELES COUNTY: Chino Hills, Wilder 606 (C);
San Jose Hills, 5 miles east of Brea Canyon, Munz 4688 (P); and
Turnbuli Canyon near Whittier, Munz 2180 (P), 2718 (P), Johnston
1940 (P). It frequents dry barren slopes of the Upper Sonoran Zone.

*I am indebted to Miss Lois Ballou, formerly a student at Pomona
College, for material of this variety and for various color notes on other
species of Salvia, made while a student in my department.

24

18. Salvia Clevelandii (Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2:236. 1892. (figs.
26 & 27).

Audibertia Clevelandii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10:76. 1874. Audi-
bertiella Clevelandii Brig., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:73. 1894. Ramona
Clevelandii Brigq., 1. c., 440. 1894.

Corolla distinctly blue, ca. 2 cm. long, with long well exserted tube.

A remarkable feature of this species is its penetrating and per-
sistent characteristic odor which is evident even in herbarium speci-
mens that have been dry for many years.

Type locality, “Mts. behind San Diego, at 2200 ft.,’ Cleveland.
A common enough and rather low shrub on dry; Upper Sonoran slopes
of a considerable portion of San Diego County and adjacent Lower
California. SAN DIEGO COUNTY: Mts. behind San Diego, Cleveland
in 1874 (G), in 1875 (G); S. part of San Diego Co., Palmer in 1875
(G); between Ramona & Ballena, Abrams 38778 (G,NY); Cottonwood
Grade, Potrero, Abrams 3745 (G, NY), 38744 (C, P); Witch Creek,
Alderson in 1894 (C); Descanso, Parish 4424 (G, NY), K. Brandegee in
1906 (C, NY); between Descanso & Alpine, Munz & Harwood 7140 (P);
Smith (Palomar) Mt., Orcutt 543 (G), McClatchie in 1896 (NY), Munz
8330 (P); Valley Center, Chandler 5349 (C, NY); Laguna Mts.,
Spencer 130 (C, P); Torrey Pines, Growt in 1910 (P); Del Mar,
T. S. Brandegee in 1894 (C), K. Brandegee in 1906 (C). LOWER
CALIFORNIA: Tecate River, Mearns 3760 (NY), 3371 (G, NY);
Tecate, Orcutt in 1885 (G); San Rafael, Orcutt in 1883 (NY).

Vv 19. Salvia apiana Jepson var. typica n. nom.

Salvia apiana Jeps., Muhlenbergia 3:144. 1908. Auwdibertia poly-
stachya Benth., Lab. Gen. et Sp., 314. 1833. Audibertiella polystachya
Brigq., Hull. Herb. Boiss. 2:73. 1894. Ramona polystachya Greene, Pit-
tonia 2:235. 1895. Salvia californica Jeps., Fl. W. Middle Calif., 460.
1901. Not Salvia polystachya Orteg., Hort. Matr. Dec. 55. 1800. Not
Salvia californica Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. (2) 2:197. 1889.

Panicles open, spreading, freely branched.

Type locality, “Hab. in California septentrionali,’ Douglas. <A
common plant of /dry/slopes and benches of the coastal drainage and
in the Upper Sonoran Zone from Lower California northward. Island
records are all for Catalina, Lyon 16 (G), Carlson in 1915 (NY),
Toumey in 1894 (C); Brandegee, Zoe 1:143. 1890, Trask; Erythea 7:139.
1899; Millspaugh & Nuttall, Field Museum Pub. 212:242. 1923.,

20. Salvia apiana var. compacta n. var.

Panicles condensed, spicate, branches being reduced and appressed;
otherwise much as in typica.

Type: Dry Morongo Wash, Colorado Desert, Riverside County,
Munz & Johnston 5179, May 6, 1922, Pomona College Herbarium No.
13), B53

The plants from the desert edge, while with the same morpho-
logical characters as in typica have so different an appearance because
of the spicate habit, as at first glance to resemble Vaseyi, under which
name they are often distributed. They seem worthy. of varietal recog-
nition. LOS ANGELES COUNTY: Acton, Hlmer 3684 (G, NY, P).
RIVERSIDE COUNTY: Long Valley to Palm Springs Trail, Jaeger
1013 (P); Whitewater, Jones in 1903 (P); Santa Rosa Mts., Munz
9828 (P). SAN DIEGO COUNTY: San Felipe Canyon, Hastwood

25

2786 (P); San Felipe Hill, Jones in 1906 (P); Vallecito Canyon,
Munz 97387 (P); Jacumba, Munz & Ballou 8077 (P), Schoenfeldt 3226
(US); Mt. Springs, Munz 9634 (P), Mearns 2997 (US), 3213 (US).
LOWER CALIFORNIA: 39 miles west of Mexicali, Munz 9590 (P).
A condition intermediate between typica and compacta is represented
by: Cholla Ranch, Jones in 1906 (P); Massacre Canyon, Jaeger
1186 (P).

HYBRIDS

1. Salvia apiana x S. mellifera.

Foliage quite intermediate between the two parents, leaves usually
shaped like those of mellifera, but paler and more tomentose; flowers
arranged in capitate clusters, but these clusters frequently on branch-
ing stems forming a sort of lax panicle (panicle not thyrsoid) ;
floral bracts and calyces whitish pubescent; corollas with long ex-
serted tube and well developed upper lip as well as lower. Hence,
general aspect like that of a pale and tomentose plant of mellifera.

I consider the following collections as belonging to this category:
LOS ANGELES COUNTY: Santa Monica Canyon, Barber 117 (C, G,
P); Sierra Madre, Abrams 1497 (P); Los Angeles, Davidson in 1896
(C, G); Claremont, Ballow in 1924 (P), Crawford in 1915 (P); Pasa-
dena, Allen 15 (G), McClatchie in 1897 (NY); Catalina, L. W. Nuttall
in 1920 (P), Lyon 12 (G) labeled “Palmeri” by Gray (Cf. Brandg.,
Zoe 1:142. 1890). SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY: Hills so. of On-
tario, Johnston 1264 (P); San Bernardino, Parish 4382 (G, NY),
11337 (P); Cajon Pass, Hall 3012 (C). RIVERSIDE COUNTY:
Jurupa Hills near Riverside, Wilder 627 (P); Santa Rosa Mts., Munz
5829, apparently apiana var. compacta x mellifera (P).

2. X. Salvia Palmeri (Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2:236. 1892.

Audibertia Palmeri Gray, Bot. Calif. 1:601. 1876. Awdibertiella
Palmeri Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:73. 1894. Ramona Palmeri Bria.,
1. c., 440. 1894. Not Salvia Palmeri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21:408.
1886.

A hybrid petween apiana and Clevelandii with the general aspect
of Clevelandii but with paler and more tomentulose leaves almost like
those of apiana; flowers in definite capitate clusters with as many as
eight in a spike and with inflorescence tending to branch; corolla
quite tubular, tube well exserted, upper lip shorter than in Clevelandii
and with shorter stamens; Clevelandii odor very much weakened.

I have seen the type material at the Gray Herbarium and am
thoroughly satisfied of the hybrid nature. SAN DIEGO COUNTY:
Tighes Ranch, S. part of San Diego County, Palmer in 1875, type coll.
(G); Palmer 308, in 1875 probably same coll. (NY); George Stone
Ranch, same as Tighe Ranch, 7. S. Brandegee in 1904 (C); Descanso
Grade, K. Brandegee in 1906 (C); Torrey Pines Park, Munz & Ballou
7946 (P).

3. Salvia apiana x S. leucophylla.
Suggesting S. apiana x S. mellifera, but with white leaves. and
larger heads (over 4 cm. broad) from San Juan Capistrano, Orange
Co., Nevin 686, in 1882 (G), labeled “Audibertia Palmeri’ by Dr. Gray.

4. X. Salvia bernardina Parish, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1:211. 1885.

Salvia Columbariae var. bernardina Jeps., Man. Calif., 869. 1925.

Suggesting S. Columbariae but taller, with leaves only once pin-
atifid (the divisions then lobed), strongly bicolored, and distributed
along a considerable part of stem; upper lip of calyx with 3 strong
spinelike teeth; stamens with lower end of connective antheriferous.

26

I ineline to the belief that this is a hybrid, since it is met with
so rarely and then apparently only where both species are found,
and since it resembles Coluwmbariae in flower and in leaf-lobing, and
mellifera in strongly bicolored leaves with less lobing, in greater
height of plant and in distribution of leaves along stem. SAN BER-
NARDINO COUNTY: San Bernardino, Parish 4383 (C, G), Feudge 2
(P); Lytle Creek, Parish 1736 (G); Cajon Canyon, Johnston in 1920
CED:

It is perfectly evident that if there is so much hybridization
among our native species of Salvia, some attempt should be made to
produce artificial hybrids and prove the hybrid nature of plants about
which we now conjecture. Some attempt has been made here at Clare-
mont, but various mishaps to the plants, which were being used but
which grew in the wild where they could not be protected from the
curious, have so far prevented our obtaining definite results.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES
(Salvia carduacea, S. Columbariae, and S. apiana are not illus-
trated; the first one does not need illustration and the two latter
are sufficiently figured in Jepson’s Manual of California. The draw-
ings for our other species are given in these two plates. They have
been made at various times and with different instruments and are
not all on the same scale. For that reason, size is given for each.
Hach shows calyx and corolla opened up).
Plate 3.
Fig. 1, S. funerea var. typica, 16 mm. corolla; fig. 2, 6 mm. calyx,
Funeral Mts., Jones in 1907 (P).
Fig. 3, S. Greatai, 14 mm. corolla; fig. 4, 11 mm. calyx, Dos Palmos,
Hall & Greata 5848 (G).
Fig. 5, S. sonomensis, 13 mm. corolla; fig. 6, 7 mm. calyx, Cuya-
maca Peak, Munz & Harwood 7256 (P).

Fig. 7, S. carnosa var. typica, 13 mm. corolla, plains of Columbia,
Douglas (G); fig. 8, 7.5 mm. calyx, Wilson Creek, KE. Wash.,
Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893 (P).

Fig. 9, S. carnosa var. pilosa, 6 mm., calyx, Hesperia, Munz 4443
(P).

Fig. 10, 8S. compacta, 15 mm .corolla, Bear Valley S., B. & W. F.
Parish 330 (G@); fig. 11, 12 mm. calyx, Bear Valley, Abrams
2077 (P).

Fig. 12, 8S. mohavensis, 15 mm. corolla; fig. 13, 9 mm. calyx, Turtle

Mts., Munz & Harwood 3509 (P).

Plate 4.

Fig. 14, S. eremostachya, 25 mm. corolla; fig. 15, 16 mm. calyx,
Rockhouse Canyon, Jaeger 1098 (P).

Fig. 16, S. mellifera var. typica, 12 mm. corolla; fig. 17, 9 mm.
calyx, Nova California, Douglas in 1833 (G).

Fig. 18., S. mellifera var. revoluta, 11 mm. corolla; fig. 19, 8
mm. calyx, Santa Rosa Island, Brandegee in 1888, (G).

Fig. 20, S. mellifera var. Jonesii, 12 mm. corolla; fig. 21, 5 mm.
calyx, Ensenada, Anthony 183 (G).

Fig. 22, 8. Vaseyi, 20 mm. corolla; fig. 23, 6 mm. calyx (split up
middle of lower lip), Mt. Springs, Vasey in 1880 (G).
Fig. 24, 8. lewcophylla, 20 mm. corolla; fig. 25, 12 mm. calyx,

Sespe Creek, Munz 9365 (P).
Fig. 26, S. Clevelandii, 21 mm. corolla; fig. 27, 9 mm. calyx, Mts.
behind San Diego, Cleveland in 1874 (G).

PLATE 3.

28

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PLATE 4.

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Vol. XXVI May-August, 1927 Part 2

CONTENTS

CHECK LIST OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BOREAL AMERICA
(SPHINGOIDEA, SATURNIOIDEA and BOMBYCOIDEA) -

Barnes and Benjamin

A NEW RACE OF HEMARIS DIFFINIS (Lepid. Sphingidae) -
Barnes and Benjamin

HOLDRIDGE OZRO COLLINS—IN MEMORIAM - = =

NEW TRANSITION FORMS or ‘‘ABS.” (Lepid. Rhopalocera) -
J. D. Gunder

CHECK LIST OF THE LEPIDOPTERA
OF BOREAL AMERICA,

SUPERFAMILIES SPHINGOIDEA, SATURNIOIDEA
AND BOMBYCOIDEA

’

of the Families Syntomide and Arctiidze

WM. BARNES and F. H. BENJAMIN,
Decatur, Illinois

INTRODUCTION

The present list is a continuation of our Check List of the Diurnal
Lepidoptera of Boreal America. The same general introductory re-
marks apply.

Considerable time and energy has been expended during the past
two years in an effort to eliminate as many errors as possible; and
there has been much communication with practically all institutions
containing specific types of the organisms involved. We wish to
again issue our warning that lists are only tentative, and contain
many errors. For example, we have endeavored to learn the exact
status of the names applied by Professor M. Draudt in the genus
Cisthene. The types of these, with the exception of costimacula (see
B. & Benj., 1926, Ins. Insc. Menst., XIV, 1), are presumably in the
British Museum being the specimens listed by Hampson, 1900, Cat.
Lep. Phal. B. M., II, as “ab. 1’, etc., mostly under the name “Jilice
unifascia.’” We are greatly indebted to Mr. Tams for many kinda-
nesses, one of the least of which was an attempt to place these
names. As yet we are not certain of the status of any of them. Pro-
fessor Draudt has informed us that he did not see the specimens to
which he applied names.

Following our Diurnal List we use the following markings to
indicate certain facts usually omitted from check lists, but which
numerous friends assure us are of decided value.

* indicates that the organism does not occur, or is of decidedly
doubtful occurrence, within the fauna we are considering.

te

£ means an unavailable name, usually a homonym.

Decatur, Dllinois, July 1, 1927.

35

Superfamily SPHINGOIDEA
SPHINGIDZ
ACHERONTIINZA

Herse Oken.
Type Sphing convolvuli L.
670 cingulata (Fabr.)
affinis (Goeze)
pungens (Eschsch.)
drurcei (Don.)
ab. decolora (Hy. Edw.)

Cocytius Hbn.

Type Sphing jatrophe Fabr.

*671 anteus (Dru.)

jatrophe (Fabr.)
a hydaspus (Cram.) )

medor (Stoll)
anone (Shaw)
tapayusa (Moore)

672 duponchel (Poey)
duponchelii ( Luc.)
godartii (Bdvs)
rivularis (Butl.)
affinis Roths.

Phlegethontius Hbn.
Type Sphing carolina L.
673 sexta (Johan.)
carolina (L.)
nicotiane (Mén.)
lycopersici (Bdv.)
674 quinquemaculata (Haw.)
celeus Hbn.
675 rustica (Fabr.)
chionanthi (A. & 8.)
*§676 brontes (Druw.)
pamphilius (Stoll)
collaris (W1k.)
a cubensis (Grt.)
677 muscosa (R. & J.)

678 florestan (Stoll)
brevimargo (Butl.)

Chlenogramma Sm.
Type Sphing jasminearum
Guér.
679 jasminearum (Gwueér.)
rotundata (Roths.)

Dolba WI1k.
Type Sphing hyleus Dru.
680 hyleus (Dru.)
a prini (A. & 8.)
floridensis Clark

Dolbogene Rh. & J.

Type Dolba hartwegii Butl.
681 hartwegii (Butl.)

Isogramma R. & J.
Type Ceratomia hageni Grt.
682 hageni (@rt.)

Ceratomia Harr.
Type Ceratomia quadricor-
nis Harr.
683 amyntor (Hbn.)
quadricornis Harr.
ulmi Badvy.
684 undulosa (WIk.)
repentinus Clem.
685 catalpe (Bdv.)

Isoparce R. & J.
Type Sphing cupressi
Bdv.
686 cupressi (Bdv.)

Dictyosoma R. & J.

Type Sphing elsa Stkr.
687 elsa (Stkr.)

Atreides Holl.
Type Sphinz plebeja Fabr.
tAtreus Grt. (nec Koch)
Type Sphinag plebeja Fabr.
688 plebeja (Fabr.)

Hyloicus Hbn.
Type Sphing pinastri L.
689 lugens (WIk.)
andromede (Bdv.)
690 eremitus (Hbn.)
sordida (Harr.)
691 geminus R. & J.
692 eremitoides (Stkr.)
693 separatus (Newm.)
694 istar R. & J.
695 leucopheatus (Clem.)
696 chersis(Hbn.)
cinerea (Harr.)
a pallescens R. & J.
b oreodaphne (Hy. Hdw.)
697 vashti (Stkr.)
form albescens (Tepper)
698 mordecai (McD.)
699 gerhardi B. & Benj.

700 libocedrus (Hy. Edw.)
a@ insolita (Lint.)

701 perelegans (Hy. Edw.)
@ vancouverensis (Hy. Edw.)
b asellus R. & J.

702 canadensis (Bdv.)
plota (Stkr.)

703 franckii (Neum.)
704 kalmie (A. & S.)

705 gordius (Oram.)
pecila (Steph.)
a borealis (Clark)

b oslari R. & J.

706 luscitiosa (Olem.)
ab. 2 una (Skin.)
a bombax B. & Benj.

707 drupiferarum (A. & S.)
a utahensis (Hy. Edw.)
708 dollii (Neuwm.)
a australis (Clark)
b coloradus (Sm.)
709 sequoie (Bdv.)
@ engelhardti (Clark)
710 pinastri (L.)
asiaticus Butl.
saniptri (Stkr.)

Lapara W1k.

Type Lapara bombycoides
WI1k.
711 halicarnize (Stkr.)
712 coniferarum (A. & SV.)
cana (Martyn)
713 bombycoides WIk.
harrisii (Clem.)
ab. pineum (Lint.)

Protambulyx R. & J.

Type Sphinx strigilis L.
*714 strigilis (L.)

*form rubripennis (Butl.)
715 carteri R. & J.

Smerinthus Latr.

Type Sphinx ocellata lL.
716 jamaicensis (Dru.)
ab. clarkii Franck
ab. tripartitus (@rt.)
f. norm. geminatus Say
ab. flavitincta Nixon
a gamma Ckil.
717 cerisyi Kirby

a astarte Stkr.

b ophthalmicus Bdv.
vancouveriensis Butl.
form pallidulus Hy. Hdw.

ab. nigrescens Clark

c Ssaliceti Bdv.

Paonias Hbn.

Type Sphing excecata
A. & S.

718 excecata (A. & S.)

pavonina Geyer.
a pecosensis Ckil.

719 myops (A. & S.)
rosacearum (Bdv.)
cerasi (Bdvy.)
sorbi (Bdv.)

? tiliastri (Bdv.)
a occidentalis (Clark)

720 astylus (Dru.)
io (Guér.)
integerrima (Harris)

Cressonia G. & R.

Type Sphinx juglandis
A. & S.

721 juglandis (A. & S.)
instabilis (Martyn)
robinsonii Butl.
ab. pallens (Stkr.)
ab. hyperbola Slosson

Pachysphinx R. & J.

Type Smerinthus modesta
Harr.

722 modesta (Harr.)
princeps (WI1k.)
populicola (Bdv.)
cablei (Reiz.) ‘(an ssp.
dist.?)
occidentalis (Hy. Edw.)
a imperator (Stkr.)
form kunzei R..& J.

Pseudosphinx Burm.

Type Sphinzg tetrio L.

723 tetrio (L.)
hasdrubal (Cram.)
trustica (Sepp) (nec Fabr.)
obscura (Butl.

Erinnyis Hbn.
Type Sphinz ello L.
724 alope (Druw.)
flavicans (Goeze)
fasciata (Swain.)
edwardsti (Butl.)
*725 lassauxii (Bdv.)
a meriane G7t.
janiphe (Bdv.)
726 ello (ZL.)
viridis (CK1l.)

-]
a |

cenotrus (Stoll)
peneus (Fabr.)
picta (Sepp)
melancholica Grt.
piperis (G. & R.)
hippothoon ( Burm.)

crameri (Schaus)

obscura (Fabr.)
stheno Hbn.
pallida Grt.

cinerosa G. & R.
rhebus (Bdvy.)

domingonis (Butl.)
festa (Hy. Edw.)

guttularis (WIk.)
suillus (Bdv.)

Phryxus Hbn.

Type Sphinzg caicus Cram.
732 caicus (Cram.)

Pachylia W1k. 3
Type Sphinag ficus L.

733 ficus (L.)
crameri (Mén.)
lyncea Clem.

734 resumens WIk.
inconspicua W1k.
versuta (Clem.)
tristis G. & R.

Madoryx Bdv.

Type Sphinx oiclus Cram.
735 pseudothyreus (@rt.)

Calliomma Wlk.

Type Sphing licastus Stoll
736 parce (Fabr.)

licastus (Stoll)
galianna (Burm.)
Enyo Hbn.

Type Sphing lugubris lL.
737 lugubris (L.)

fegeus (Cram.)

luctuosus (Bdv.)

738 ocypete (L.)
2 camertus (Cram.)
6 danum (Cram.)

38

Cautethia Grt.

Type Oenosanda noctui-

formis W1k.
739 grotei Hy. Edw.

Perigonia I1.-S.

Type Perigonia stulta H.-S.

*740 lusea (Fabr.)
a bahamensis Clark

Aellopos Hbn.

Type Sphing titan L.

*741 tantalus (L.)
ixion (L.)
sisyphus (Burm.)
form zonata (Dru.)
terpunctata (Goeze)
form clavipes (R. & J.)
742 titan (Cram.)
743 fadus (Cram.)
annulosum (Swains.)
balteata (Kirtland)

Hemaris Dalm.

Type Sphing fuciformis L.

744 thysbe (Fabr.)
pelasgus (Cram.)
ruficaudis (Kirby)
etolus (Bdv.)
form cimbiciformis
( Steph.)
floridensis (G. & R.)
(an ssp. dist.?)
uniformis (G. & R.)
buffaloensis (G. & R.)
pyramus (Bdv.)
form fuscicaudis (WIk.)
745 gracilis (G. & R.)

746 senta (Stkr.)
brucei French
747 diffinis (Bdv.)

f. vern. tenuis Grt.
fumosa (Stkr.)
metathetis Butl.

f. est. axillaris (G@. & R.)
marginalis Grt.
grotei (Butl.)

a ethra (Stkr.)
b ariadne (B. & McD.)
ce thetis (Bdv.)
palpalis Grt.
form cynoglossum Hy.
Edw.
._d jordani B. & Benj.
e rubens Hy. Edw.

PHILAMPELINA Amphion [bn.

Type Sphing nessus Cram.
Pholus Hbn. ;
762 nessus (Oram.)
Type Sphinx crantor Cram. a floridensis Olark
748 anchemolus (Cram.)

*749 satellitia (L.)

a pandorus (Hbn.) Proserpinus Hbn.
ampelophaga (W1k.) 2
ih dinicroimaciia, Glare BS Sphing wenothere
750 achemon (Dru.) ae Be
crantor (Cram.) 763 gaure (A. & JS.)
751 typhon (Klug) circe Hy. Edw.

752 vitis (L.)

764 deceptiva B. & Benj.
hornbeckiana (Harr.) Y d

nen Ge Rk) 765 Juanita (Stkr.)

753 fasciatus (Sulz.) Gelert Bede
jussiewe (Hbn.) 766 clarkie (Bdv.)
strigilis (Vogel) victoria (Grt.)

754 labrusce (L.) 767 flavofasciata (WIK.)
Eclotho (Fabr.) (nec Cram.) a ulalume (Stkr.)

b rachel (Bruce)
Ampeleca R. & J. 768 vega (Dyar)

Type Cherocampa versi-
color Harr.

755 versicolor (Harr.) Euproserpinus G. & R.
ab. lutescens Clark date
756 myron (Cram.) ee Eee phe-
pampinatriz (A. & S.) g 2 ;
ab. lutescens Clark 769 pheton G. & R.
form cnotus (Hbn.) erato (Bdv.)
form texana Clark 770 euterpe Hy. Edw.
Darapsa WIk.
Type Sphinx cherilus CH@ROCAMPINZ
Cram.
757 pholus (Cram.) Xylophanes Hbn.
cherilus (Cram.) pans x
wate UN, & aD Type Sphing anubus Cram.
chlorinda (Martyn) 771 pluto (Fabdr.)
; cresus (Dal.)
Sphecodina Blanch. thorates (Hbn.)
Type Thyreus abbottii 772 porcus (Hbn.)
Swains. 773 falco (WIk.)
tThyreus Swains. (nec fugax (Bdv.)
Panzer ) mexicana (Ersch.)
Type Thyreus abbottii 774 tersa (L.)
Swains.
758 abbottii (Swains.)
Deidamia Clem. spp Wey .
Type Pterogon inscriptum Type Sphing euphorbie L.
Harr. “775 gallii Rott.
759 inscriptum (Harr.) teuphorbie L. (partim nec
I)
Arctonotus Bdv. a intermedia (Kirby.)
: chamenerii (Harr.)
meee cronoeus lucidus aamicra (Clea)
WHY) TRG) JEGIoD canadensis (Gn.)
a clarki B. & Benj. 776 lineata Fabr.
761 terlootii (Hy. Hdw.) daucus Cram.

Superfamily SATURNIOIDEA

SATURNIIDZ

Samia Hbn.

Type Phalena cynthia Dru.

*777 walkeri (F. & F.)
a advena (Pack.)

Rothschildia Grt.

Type Attacus jacobee
WIk.

778 orizaba ( West.)
779 jorulla ( West.)
cinctus (Tepper)

Platysamia Grt.
Type Phalena cecropia L.

780 cecropia (L.)
781 gloveri Stkr.
a reducta Neum.
782 columbia (Sm.)
a nokomis Brodie
b winonah Brodie
783 euryalus (Bdv.)
californica Grt.
ceanothi (Behr)
rubra (N. & D.)
ab. parvimacula (@rt.)
a kasloensis (CkKIl.)

Eupackardia, Ckll.

Type Saturnia calleta West.

784 calleta (West.) .
polyommata (Tepper)

Callosamia Pack.

Type Phalena promethia
Dru.

785 promethea (Druw.)
ab. 9 ceca CkIl.

786 angulifera (WIk.)
a carolina Jones

Actias Leach.

Type Phalena luna L.
787 luna (L.)
ab. rossi Ross
ab. rubrosuffusa (Ckll.)
form vern. rubromarginata
(Davis)

a dictynna (WIk.)

form vern. marie (Benj.)

Telea Hbn.

Type Phalena polyphemus
Cram.

788 polyphemus (Cram.)
tpaphia (L.) (partim.)
tfenestra (Perry) (nec L.)
polypheme Hbn.
rubra Dean
ab. flava G@rt.

a oculea Neum.
aurelia Druce
b olivacea Ckll.

Agapema N. & D.

Type Saturnia galbina
Clem.
789 galbina (Clem.)
a anona Ottol.
790 homogena Dyar

Calosaturnia Sm.

Type Saturnia mendocino
Behrens

791 mendocino (Behrens)

Automeris Hbn.

Type Phalena janus
Cram.

792 pamina (Newm.)
form aurosea (Newm.)
793 zephyria (G7t.)
form zephyriata B. & Benj.
794 io (Fabr.)
corollaria (Perry)
varia (WIkK.)
fabricii (Grt.)
ab. argus N. & D.
a lutheri Cklil.
ttrifolii (Harris) (nec
Esp.)
tfuscus Luther (nec WI1k.)
b coloradensis Ckil.
c neomexicana B. & Benj.
d lilith (Stkr.)
e texana B. & Benj.

Thauma Hy. Edw.
Type Thauma ribesii Hy.
Edw.
*795 socialis (Feist.)
angulifera (W1k.)
ribesii Hy. Edw.

40

Coloradia Blake

Type Coloradia pandora
Blake

davisi B. & Benj.
lindseyi B. & Benj.
bonniwelli B. & Benj.

pandora Blake
loiperda Dyar

duffneri B. & Benj.
chiricahua B. & Benj.

doris Barnes
lois Dyar

luski B. & Benj.

796
797
798
799

800
801
802

803

Hemileuca Wlk.
Type Phalena maia Dru.

electra Wright
ab. rickseckeri Wats.
a clio B. & McD.
maia (Druwu.)
prosperpina (Fabr.)
ab. lintneri Ckxll.
lucina Hy. Edw.
ab. obsoleta Reiff
ab. lutea Reiff
a latifascia B. & McD.
nevadensis Stretch
artemis Pack.
a californica Wright
juno Pack.
yavapai Neum.
grotei G. & R.
a diana Pack.

neumoegeni (Hy. Edw.)

804

805

806

807

808

809

810

811 burnsi Wats.

ab.
ab.

ilme Wats.
nigrovenosa Wats.
ab. conjuncta Wats.
ab. paradoxa Wats.
812 tricolor (Paek.)
813 sororius (Hy. Edw.)
a hualapai (Neuwm.)
814 olivie CkII.

ab. @ grisea Ckll.
ab. 9 suffusa Ck.

Pseudohazis G. & R.

Type Saturnia eglanterina
Bdv.

815 eglanterina (Bdv.)

normalis Dyar

form shastaensis Behrens

form denudata Neuwm.
boisduvali Oberth.
harrisi Oberth.

a nattalli Stkr.

form arizonensis Stkr.

uniformis Ck1l.

816 hera (Harr.)
pica (WI1k.)
chrysocarena (Harris)
a marcata Neum.
ab. gunderi Hill

Hylesia Hbn.
Type Phalena canitia Stoll

817 alinda Druce.

CERATOCAMPIDZ:

Anisota Hbn.

Type Bombyx stigma Fabr.

818
819
820
821
822

stigma (Fabr.)
manitobensis McD.
senatoria (A. & 8S.)
consularis Dyar
virginiensis (Druw.)
astymone (Oliv.)
pellucida ( A. & S.)

oslari Roths.
skinneri Bied.
neomexicana Brehme
rubicunda (Fabr.)
a alba (@rt.)
pallida (Bowles)

823

824

41

Adelocephala H.-S.

Type Adelocephala cadmus
H.-S.

825 bicolor (Harr.)
distigma (Walsh)
form suprema New.
form immaculata Jewett
826 isias Bdv.

827 hogei Druce
828 quadrilineata G. & R.
829 bisecta (Lint.)
nebulosa (Neum.)
830 albolineata G. & R.
raspa Grt.
831 heiligbrodti (Harv.)
a hubbardi (Dyar)

Citheronia Ibn.
Type Bombyx regalis Fabr.

832 regalis (Fabr.)

regia (A. & S.)

ab. infernalis Stkr.

ab. saengeri Newm.
3 Ssplendens (Druce)
34 sepulchralis G. & R.
5 mexicana G. & R.

Eacles Hhn.
Type Phalena imperialis
Dru.
886 imperialis (Druw.)

imperatoria (A. & S.)
ab. punctatissima Neum.

a didyma (Beawv.)

b nobilis Newm.

c oslari Roths.

Superfamily BOMBYCOIDEA
SYNTOMIDZ

Cosmosoma I[Ibn.
Type Cosmosoma omphale
Hbn.
7 myrodora Dyar
838 teuthras (WIk.)
rubrigutta Skin.

Syntomeida Harr.
Type Glaucopis ipomee
Harr.
839 ipomee (Harr.) ~
ferox (W1k.)
euterpe (H.-S.)
*840 epilais (WIk.)
a jucundissima Dyar
841 hampsonii Barnes
befana Skin.

Pseudocharis Druce

Type Pseudocharis nenia
Druce.
842 minima (Grt.)

Didasys Grt.
Type Didasys bele Grt.
843 bele Grt.

Horama Hbn.
Type Sphing pretus Cram.

844 texana (Grt.)

Eucereon Hbn.

Type Sphing archias Cram.

845 carolina (Hy. Edw.)
cubensis Schs.
confusum Roths.

Lymire W1k.
Type Lymire melanoce-
phala W1k.
846 edwardsii (Grt.)

Scepsis Wlk.
Type Glaucopis fulvicollis
Hbn.
847 fulvicollis (Hbn.)
semidiaphana (Harr.)
a pallens Hy. Edw.
848 packardii Grt.
matthewi Hy. Edw.
a cocklei Dyar
849 wrightii Stretch
a gravis Hy. Hdw.

Lycomorpha Harr.
Type Sphinx pholus Dru.
850 grotei (Pack.)
palmerii Pack.
a pulchra Dyar
851 regulus (Grinnell)
852 fulgens (Hy. Edw.)
tenuimargo (Holl.)
53 splendens B. & McD.
54 pholus (Druw.)
a@ miniata Pack.
855 desertus Hy. Edw.

Ctenucha Kirby

Type Sphing virginica
Charp.
856 venosa WIk.
857 cressonana Grt.
form sanguinaria Stkr.
form lutea Grt.
858 brunnea Stretch
859 multifaria (WIk.)
form luteoscapus NV. & D.
860 rubroscapus (Wén.)
walsinghamii Hy. Edw.
form ochroscapus G. & R
corvina Bdvy.
861 virginica (Charp.)
latreillana Kirby

Dahana Grt.

Type Dahana atripennis
Grt.
862 atripennis @Grt.

ARCTIIDA

NOLINZ
Celama WI1k.

Type Celama liparisalis
k.

863 aphyla Hamp.

864 pustulata (WIK.)
nigrofasciata ( Zell.)
obaurata (Morr.)

865 cilicoides (Grt.)

a eurypennis Dyar

866 sorghiella (Riley)
portoricensis (Moesch.)

867 triquetrana (Fitch)
trinotata (WIK.)
sexmaculata (Grt.)

868 minna (Butl.)
hyemalis (Stretch)

869 ovilla (G7t.)

870 clethre (Dyar)

Nola Leach

Type Phalena cucullatella
L.
871 apera Druce.
involuta Dyar
a exposita Dyar
872 laguncularie Dyar
obliquata (B. & McD.)

Nigetia W1k.

Type Nigetia formosdlis
WiIk.
873 formosalis WIk.
melanopa ( Zell.)

Sarbena W1k.
Type Sarbena lignifera
WI1k.

874 minuscula ( Zell.)

a phylla (Dyar)

b eucalyptula (Dyar)
875 minor (Dyar)
876 extusata (Dyar)
877 fuscula (Grt.)
878 dentata (Dyar)
879 varia (B. & L.)
880 conspicua (Dyar)
881 bicrenuscula (Dyar)

LITHOSIIN Zi

Lexis Waller.
Type Lithosia bipunctigera
Waller.
882 bicolor (G7t.)

argillacea (Pack.)

Crambidia Pack.
Type Crambidia pallida
Pack.
883 pallida Pack.
§84 lithosioides Dyar
885 uniformis Dyar
886 dusca B. & McD.
887 myrlosea Dyar
888 casta (Pack.)
candida (Hy. Edw.)
889 pura B. & McD.
890 cephalica (G. & R.)
891 suffusa B. & McD.
892 impura B. & McD.
*893 allegheniensis Holl.

Agylla W1k.
Type Agylla fasciculata Wk.
894 septentrionalis B. & McD.

Pagara Wk.

Type Pagara simpler W1k.
895 simplex WIk.

murina (W1k.)

clarus (G. & R.)

texana (Frch.)
896 fuscipes (@7t.)

Neoplynes Hamp.

Type Lithosia cytherea
Druce

897 eudora (Dyar)

Ptychoglene F'. F. & R.

Type Ptychoglene erythro-
phora F. & F.

898 coccinea (Hy. Edw.)

899 phrada Druce
flammans Dyar

900 sanguineola (Bdv.)

Eudesmia Hbn.

Type Hudesmia ruficollis
Hbn.

901 arida (Skin.)

Gnamptonychia Hamp.

Type Atolonis flavicollis
WI1k.

902 ventralis B. & L.

Jnopsis F. & F.

Type Jnopsis catoxantha
HY & EY

903 modulata (Hy. Hdw.)

Pygoctenucha (rt.

Type Ctenucha harrisii
Bdy.
904 terminalis (WIk.)
harristi (Bdv.)
votiva (Hy. Edw.)
905 pyrrhoura (Hulst )
906 funerea Grt.

Afrida Moesch.

Type Afrida tortriciformis
Moesch.
907 minuta (Druce)

908 ydatodes Dyar
parva (B. & McD.)

Cisthene WI1k.
Type Cisthene subjecta
W1k.
909 schwarziorum (Dyar)
910 subrufa (B. & McD.)

911 tenuifascia Harv.
form mexicana (Draudt)
form interrupta (Draudt)

912 juanita B. & Benj.

913 unifascia G. & R.
a kentuckiensis (Dyar)
b ruptifascia (B. & McD.)
ce flava (Drauwdt)

914 barnesii (Dyar)
form costimacula (Draudt)
form flavula (B. & McD.)

915 picta (B. & McD.)
texensis (Draudt)

916 perrosea (Dyar)
917 angelus (Dyar)

918 injecta (Dyar)

flavicosta (Draudt)
a gamma (Dyar)

919 striata Ofttol.
apicipicta (Strand)

920 subjecta WIk.

921 bellicula (Dyar)

922 packardii (Grt.)

923 conjuncta (B. & McD.)

924 plumbea Stretch

925 liberomacula (Dyar)
form basijuncta (B. &
McD.)

926 nexa (Bdv.)
grisea Pack.
deserta (F. & F.)
927 faustinula (Bdv.)
form fusca Stretch
928 dorsimacula (Dyar)

Clemensia Pack.

Type Clemensia albata
Pack.
929 albata Pack.
albida (WI1k.)
cana (W1k.)
irrorata Hy. Edw.
form umbrata Pack.

Palpidia Dyar
Type Palpidia pallidior
Dyar

930 pallidor Dyar

Lerina W1lk.

Type Lerina incarnata W1k

931 incarnata WIHk.
robinsonii (Bdv.)

Bruceia Neum.
Type Bruceia pulverina
Neum.

932 pulverina Newm.
933 hubbardi Dyar

Hematomis Hamp.

Type Lithosia mexicana
Druce

934 mexicana (Druce)

Hypoprepia Hbn.

Type Hypoprepia fucosa
Hbn.

935 miniata (Kirby)
vittata (Harr.)
a mississippiensis B. & Benj.
936 fucosa Hbn.
tricolor (Fitch)
form plumbea Hy. Edw.
a subornata N. & D.
inornata Ottol.
form dollii Dyar

937 cadaverosa Stkr.
938 inculta Hy. EHdw.

ARCTIINZ

Eupseudosoma Grt.

Type Hupseudosoma tnive-
um Grt.
(—Phalena involuta Sepp)

*939 involutum (Sepp)
nivea (H.-S.)
tiniveum Grt. (nec. H.-S.)
bicolor (Roths.) (partim.
é nee 9)
a floridum Grt.

immaculata (Graef)

Bertholdia Schaus

Type Trichromia specu-
laris H.-S.

940 trigona (@rt.)

Cycnia Hbn.
Type Cycnia tenera Hbn.

941 tenera Hbn.
collaris (Fitch)
antica (WI1K.)

a sciurus (Bdv.)

yosemite (Hy. Edw.)

942 insulata (WIk.)
cadaverosa (Grt.)
affinis (Grt.)
aurata (Butl.)

943 inopinatus (Hy. Hdw.)
form nivalis (Stretch)

Phegoptera H.-S.

Type Phegoptera histri-
onica H.-S.

*944 astur (Oram.)
albicans (WI1k.)
maculicollis (W1k.)
pustulata (Pack.)
a arizonensis (Roths.)
fumata (B. & McD.)

Hemihyalea Hamp.

Type Phegoptera cornea
H.-S.

945 splendens B. & McD.

947 labecula (Grt.)

948 edwardsii ( Pack.)
translucida (WI1k.)
quercus (Bdv.)
argillacea Roths.

No number 946.

Halisidota Hbn.

Type Phalena tessellaris
A. &S.
949 argentata Pack.
a subalpina French
b sobrina Stretch

ingens H. Hdw.
scapularis Stretch

carye (Harr.)
annwlifascia W1k.
porphyrea H.-S.

mixta Newm.
pseudocarye Roths.

pura (Neuwm.)
flavescens Roths.

maculata (Harr.)
fulvoflava Wk.
guttifera (H.-S.)

a angulifera WIk.

b alni Hy. Edw.
texrana Roths.

c agassizii Pack.
californica WI1k.
salicis Grt.

d eureka Dyar

indistincta B. & McD.

cinctipes Hy. Edw.
carinator Dyar
*ab. ata Strand
*ab. meta Strand

davisii Hy. Hdw.

tessellaris (A. & S.)
tessellata (Guér.)
antiphola Walsh
antipholella Strand
tesselaroides Strand

harrisii Walsh.

960 oslari Roths.

961 longa (Grt.)

962 annulosa WIk.
niveigutta WI1k.
nimbifacta Dyar

*963 lurida Hy. Hdw.

a otho (Barnes)

Neritos WIk.
Type Neritos repanda
WIk.
*964 prophea Schaus

950

951

952
953

954

955
956

957
958

959

Aemilia Kirby
Type Ameles rubriplaga
WI1k.
tAmeles WI1k.
Type Ameles rubriplaga
WI1k.
965 ambigua (Stkr.)
bolteri (Hy. Edw.)
syracosia (Druce)

45

966 roseata (WIk.) Leptarctia Stretch

cinnamomea (Bdv.) : : :
} Typ ithe 20;
sanguivenosa (Neum.) ype Lithosia decia Badv.

a significans. (Hy. Edw.) 978 californie (WIk.)
967 occidentalis (Freh.) lena (Bdv.)
adnata (Bdv.)
Eubaphe Hbn. fulvofasciata Butl.
wrightii Freh.
Type Hubaphe aurantiaca form decia (Bdv.)
Hbn. boisduvalii Butl.
968 leta (Guér.) latifasciata Butl.
a treatii (@rt.) albifascia Frch.
rubropicta (Pack.) occidentalis Frch.
969 intermedia (Graef) form dimidiata Stretch
a parvula (N. & D.) stretchii Butl.

cocciniceps (Schaus)
970 ostenta (Hy. Edw.)

9 calera (Barnes) Parasemia (Hbn.)
971 aurantiacia Hbn. Type Phalena tfestiva
form quinaria (@rt.) Bork.
choriona (Reak.) (—Bombyx lapponica
bimaculata (Saund.) Thun.)
a rubicundaria (Hbn.) 979 parthenos (Harr.)
rosa (Frch.) borealis (Moesch.)
diminutiva Graef #980 lapponica (Thun.)
b brevicornis (WIk.) tfestiva (Bork.) (nec
belfragei (Stretch) Hufn.)
972 fragilis (Stkr.) avia Hbn.
973 costata (Stretch) a hypoborea (Curt.)
opelloides (Graef) 981 alpina (Quwens.)
a pallipennis B. & McD. thulea (Dal.)
974 opella (Grt.) 982 subnebulosa (Dyar)

form rubricosta (Hhrm.)
nigrifera (WI1k.) (part-

ino) Neoarctia N. & D.
form flava B. & Benj. ; ie
form nigricans (Reak.) Type Antarctia beanii
nigrifera (Wlk.) (part- Neum.
im., ¢) 983 brucei (Hy. Edw.)
obscura (Stretch) (part- 984 beanii (Neum.)
im.) form fuscosa (Newm.)
form belmaria (Ehrm.) 985 yarrowii (Stretch)
tobscura (Stretch) (part- form remissa (Hy. Edw.)
im.) 986 sordida McD.

975 ferruginosa (WIk.)
trimaculosa (Reak.)
tobscura (Stretch) (part-.

| Phragmatobia Steph.

im.) Type Phalena fuliginosa
form immaculata (Reak.) L.
*987 fuliginosa (L.)
: se a rubricosa (Harr.)
Dodia Dy ar *? borealis (Staud.)
Type Dodia alberte Dyar 988 assimilans WIk.

976 alberte Dyar form franconia Sloss.

Meenas Hbn.
Type Phalena vocula

Hypocrisias Hamp.

Type Purius punctatus Stoll.
Druce 989 vestalis (Pack.)
977 minima (Neum.) echo (Roths.) (partim.
armillata (Hy. Edw.) 5 OME TC CHO)
agelia (Druce) form amelaina (Dyar)

46

Euerythra Harv.
Type Huerythra phasma
Harv.
990 phasma Harv.
991 trimaculata Sm.

Diacrisia, Hbn.
Type Phalena russula lL.

992 latipennis (Stretch)
993 virginica (Fabr.)
congrua Wlk. (partim. ¢
nec ¢)
ab. fumosa (Stkr.)
994 vagans (Bdv.)
Grufula (Bdv.)
6 bicolor (WI1K.)
épunctata (Pack.)
form proba (Hy. Edw.)
ewalsinghami (Butl.)
a kasloa Dyar
995 pteridis (Hy. Edw.)
danbyi (Neum.)
a rubra (Newm.)

Isia WI1K.
Type Isia intricata WI1k.

996 isabella (A. & S.)
californica (Pack.)

Hyphantria Harr.
Type Arctia textor Harr.

997 textor (Harr.)
candida (WI1k.)
998 cunea (Dru.)
punctatissima (A. & 8.)
(partim., ¢ nec 9)
mutans (WI1K.)
ab. punctata Fitch
ab. pallida (Pack.)
ab. suffusa Stkr.
ab. brunnea Stkr.
form budea (Hbn.)
tpunctatissima (A. & 8S.)
(partim., 9 nec ¢)
999 aspersa (@rt.)

Estigmene Hbn.
Type Phalena acrea Dru.

1000 acrea (Druw.)

6 caprotina (Dru.)

menthrastrina (Martyn)

pseuderminea (Harr.)

pseudermia (Harr.)

tcalifornica (Pack.) (nec
Pack.)

packardii (Schaupp)

trickseckeri (Behr) (par-
tim. @ nec ¢)

techo (Roths.)
@ nec “4’’)

klagesii (Hhrm.)

(partim.

a dubia (WIk.)
rickseckeri (Behr) (partim.
&@ nee 9)

b arizonensis Roths.
1001 albida (Stretch)
1002 prima (Slosson)
1003 antigone (Stkr.)

a athena (Stkr.)

tcongrua (W1k.)
é nec 9)

(partim,

Ecpantheria Hbn.

Type Bombyx ocularia
Fabr.

1004 deflorata (Fabr.)
scribonia (Stoll)
oculatissima (A. & S.)
chryseis (Oliv.)
form confluens Oberth.

a denudata Sloss.

1005 muzina Oberth.
albicollis Oberth.
abscondens Oberth.
depauperata Oberth.
sennettii Lint.

1006 oslari Roths.

1007 suffusa (Schs.)
semiclara (Stretch)

Arachnis Geyer
Type Arachnis aulea
Geyer

*1008 aulea Geyer

incarnata (W1k.)

1009 pompeia Druce
1010 picta Pack.

a maia Ottol.

b citra N. & D.

ec verna B. & McD.

d hampsoni Dyar
1011 midas B. & L.
1012 zuni Newm.

Apantesis WIk.
Type Apantesis radians
WI1k.
1013 virgo (L.)
ab. simplex (Stretch)
ab. citrinaria (N. & D.)
1014 intermedia (Stretch)
form stretchii (G7t.)
1015 parthenice (Kirby)
saundersii (Grt.)
circa (Stretch)
ab. approximata (Stretch)
1016 oithona (Stkr.)
ab. conspicua (Stretch)
form norm. rectilinea
(Frch.)
1017 doris (Bdv.)
form nerea (Bdv.)
michabo (Grt.)
a minea (Sloss.)

47

1018 arge (Druw.)

dione (Fabr.)
incarnatorubra
calebs (Martyn)
ab. nervosa (N. & D.)
istrigosa (Stretch) (nec
Fabr.)

(Goeze )

1019 ornata (Pack.)

1020

1021

1025

1026

1027

1028

1029

shastaensis (French)
simplicior (Butl.)
perpicta (Dyar)
form sulphuricella Strand
form hewletti B. & McD.
form achaia (G. & R.)
maculosa (Stretch)
rivulosa (Stretch)
ab. californica Cass.
form ochracea-rivulosa
(Stretch) (? 4)
form ochracea (Stretch)
form edwardsii (Stretch)
ab. obliterata (Stretch)
a complicata .(WIk.)
barda (Hy. Edw.)

anna (Grt.)
form persephone (@rt.)

quenselii (Payk.)
tstrigosa (Fabr.) (nec
Gmel.)
a gelida (Moesch.)
b turbans (Christ.)
cervinoides (Stkr.)
virguncula (Kirby)
ab. otiosa (N. & D.)
a speciosa (Moesch.)
proxima (Guweér.)
docta (WI1k.)
mexicana (G. & R.)
arizoniensis (Stretch)
a mormonica (Newm.)
b autholea (Bdv.)
favorita (Newm.)
ab. favoritella Strand
nevadensis (G. & R.)
behrii (Stretch)
a geneura (Stkr.)
incorrupta (Hy. Edw.)
b sulphurica (Neum.)
tochracea (Neum.) (nec
Stretch )
bolanderi (Stretch)
?a confluentis Strand
blakei (@Grt.)
a superba (Stretch)
b elongata (Stretch)
ce dieckii (Neuwm.)
williamsii (Dodge)
form determinata (Newm.)
a toele B. & McD.
form ophir B. & McD.

48

1030 celia (Saund.)
form tranconia (Hy. Edw.)
1031 phyllira (Druw.)
b-ata (Goeze)
dodgei (Butl.)
1032 figurata (Dru.)
ceramica (Hbn.)
form snowi (@rt.)
form excelsa (Neum.)
ab. lugubris (HIst.)
form preciosa Nixon
1033 f-pallida (Stkr.)
1034 quadranotata (Stkr.)
moierra Dyar
a sociata B. & McD.
1035 placentia (A. & S.)
form flammea (Newm.)
1036 nais (Drw.)
cuneata (Goeze)
defloriana (Martyn)
ochreata (Butl.)
ab. naidella Strand
ab. subterminalis Strand
1037 vittata (Fabr.)
decorata (Saund.)
ab. g vittatula Strand
?ab. 9 phaleratula Strand
?ab. 9 rhodena Strand
1037,1 phalerata (Harr.)
rhoda (Butl.)
Qpulcherrima (Stretch)
ab. incarnata (Stretch)
a radians WIK.
colorata (WI1K.)
incompleta (Butl.)
floridana Cass.
tochracea Cass. (nec
Stretch)

Kodiosoma Stretch.
Type Kodiosoma fulva
Stretch
1038 fulva Stretch
form nigra Stretch
form eavesii Stretch
form tricolor Stretch
1039 otero Barnes

Pygarctia Grt.
Type Pygarctia abdominal-
is, Grt.
abdominalis Grt.
egrossbecki Davis
eglenensis (Clem.)
vivida (Grt.)
spraguei (Grt.)
conspicua (Neum.)
neomexicana Barnes
murina (Stretch)
polyochroa Hamp.
a oslari Roths. (au syn.
praec.?)
b albistrigata B. & McD.

1040
1041
1042
1043
1044

1045
1046

1048 roseicapitis (N. & D.) form &@ hospita (D. & S.)

a flavidorsalis B. & McD. form modesta (Pack.)
1049 lorula Dyar alascensis Stretch
: form scudderi (Pack.)
Euchetias Lyman. selwynii Hy. Edw.
Type Phalena egle Dru. form geometrica (Grt.)
tHuchetes Harr. (nec form geddesi Neum.
Dejean )
Type Phalena egle Dru. Arctia Schrank
1050 antica (WIk.) Type Phalena caja L.
zonalis (Grt.) #1067. caja (L.)

1051 albicosta (WIk.)

fumidus (Hy. Edw.)
1052 bolteri (Stretch)

& scepsiformis (Graef)
1053 perlevis (Grt.)
1054 gigantea B. & McD.
1055 fusca (Roths.)
1056 egle (Dru.)

form cyclica (Hy. Edw.)
1057 pudens (Hy. Edw.)

erinacea (Retz)
a opulenta (Hy. Edw.)
b virginivir Dyar
c waroi B. & Benj.
d americana Harr.
e utahensis (Hy. Hdw.)
ab. transmontana (N. & D.)
f parva Roths.

1058 elegans (Stretch) Ectypia Clem.
1059 castalla B. & McD. Type Ketypia bivittata
ab. griseopunctata B. & Clem.
McD Bate
; 1068 bivittata C :
1060 oregonensis (Stretch) ee, aoe)
1061 zella (Dyar) 1069 clio (Pack.)
‘ a ab. thona Stkr.)
Seirarctia Pack. a jessica (Barnes)
Type Phalena echo A. & 8. ‘
1062 echo (A. & 8.) Platyprepia Dyar
niobe (Stkr.) Type Chelonia virginalis
Bdv.
Turuptiana Wik. | 1070 guttata (Bdv.)
Type Turuptiana obliqua form virginalis (Bdv.)
WI1k. form ochracea (Stretch)
1063 permaculata (Pack.)
reducta (Grt.) Utetheisa Hbn.
ceca (Stkr.)

Type Phalena ornatrix L.

Calidota Dyar 1071 bella (ZL.)

Type Halesidota tstrigosa form hybrida (Butl.)
e 1k. gore serge form intermedia (Butl.)

form terminalis N. & D.
form nova Sm.
grossbecki Strand
Spe a venusta (Dal.)
£? strigosa (W1k.) (nec speciosa (Wlk.)

Fabr.) 7 :
: 1072 ornatrix (L.)
noone (WES) aes form stretchii (Butl.)
: wa (Butl.
laqueata (Hy. Edw.) ss ke
1065 muricolor (Dyar)

(—Halisidota cubensis
Grt.)
1064 cubensis (@7t.)

Nemeophila Steph. Haploa Hbn.
Type Phalena plantaginis Type Phalena clymene
L. Brown
1066 plantaginis (L.) 1073 clymene (Brown)
petrosa WI1kK. interruptomarginata
cespitis G. & R. (Beau.)
cichorii G. & R. comma (WI1k.)

No number 1047.
49

1074 colona (Hbn.) form militaris (Harr.)
carolina (Harr.) os ve
; : varristi Dyar
pong conscita (WIk.) form smithii Dyar
lactata (Sm.) form dyarii (Merrick)
form fulvicosta (Clem.) form vestalis ( Pack.)
duplicata N. & D. ochroleuca Strand

form reversa (Stretch) 1076 confusa (Lyman)
suffusa (Sm.) form lymani Dyar
form triangularis Sm.
1075 lecontei (Guér.) 1077 contigua (WIk.)
leucomelas (H.-S.) form lumbonigera Dyar

NAMES OMITTED FROM THIS LIST BUT APPEARING ON THE
BARNES & McDUNNOUGH CHECK LIST, OR UPON
“RECENT REVISIONAL PAPERS

Paonias astylus hyb. interfaunus Neum. Mr. Jacob Doll told Mr.
F. H. Benjamin that a 92 ocellata from a European pupa had escaped
a private collector's home, and rested on a fence. While there, a ¢
astylus copulated with it. The types of interfaunus were reared from
eges of that pair. The name has no status under the Int. Zool. Code.

Erinnyis guttularis syn. pallida Bdv. Not a new name, being
a presumable misdetermination of pallida Grt.

“Celerio lineata syns. melancholica Grt. and piperis G. & R.” Pre-
sumably synonyms of Hrinnyis enotrus, but placed under both names
in the B. & McD. Check List.

Philosamia cynthia Dru. Name “restricted” by various authors
to the Javan race, insularis, but Drury gives locality as China. “A
great deal has been written upon the question. Watson, in Packard,
Monograph Bom. Moths, III, questions if the true cynthia is the Javan
one. The N. Am. cynthia,’—advena Pack., appears to have been
derived from walkeri being from eggs received by Dr. Thomas Stew-
ardson from Guérin-Ménéville, (part of the French attempt to rear
walkeri for silk), and possibly again introduced by Herman Strecker’s
liberation of adults reared from eggs laid by Chinese walkeri near
Reading, Pa. True cynthia is probably distinct from walkeri.

Rothschildia jorulla syn. splendida Clem. Not a new name,
simply a presumably erroneous determination of splendida Beauv.

Automeris pamina aurosea syn. boucardi Druce. Exotic. See
1922, B. & Benj., Contrib., V, (1), 7.

Apantesis quenselii syn. liturata Mén. Specimens supplied us by
Dr. Bang-Haas indicate that this is a form differing from quenselii
and not found in N. Am.

Arctia caja phaeosoma Butl., Asiatic; phaeosoma Auct. from British
Columbia is waroi B. & Benj.

50

A NEW RACE OF HEMARIS DIFFINIS
(Lepid., Sphingidae)
By WM. BARNES and F. H. BENJAMIN,
Decatur, Illinois

Hemaris diffinis race jordani nov.

Much like thetis but with reddish cast and apical spot on the
primary as in rubens. From this latter it may easily be distinguished
by its much less hairy thorax and abdomen. From ariadne it can be
distinguished by its more uniform greenish thoracic coloration, and
by its abdominal markings which are much like those of rubens.

This is one of the forms called thetis by Rothschild and Jordan
(Revision Sphingidae), and discussed by Barnes and McDunnough
(1910, Psyche, XVII, 203) as rubens (in part).

Thirty-four examples of rubens from various British Columbia
localities, Wallace, Idaho, and Modoc Co., California are before the
authors. These are all quite hairy in appearance and do not seem
to intergrade with other diffinis forms.

Type locality: Southern Utah (Wm. Barnes and O. C. Poling).

Number and sexes of types: Holotype ¢@, Allotype 9, 36 4, 4 9
Paratypes.

Notes: A somewhat shorter series from Arizona may represent
the present subspecies. The difference in size mentioned by Barnes
and McDunnough, (1910), does not hold in the twenty-eight Arizona
examples now in the Barnes Collection.

IN MEMORIAM: HOLDRIDGE OZRO COLLINS

As he was alighting from an interurban car, near his home in
Hollywood, February 19th, 1927, Holdridge Ozro Collins was run down
by a reckless motorist, and instantly killed. Although Mr. Collins
was 83 years of age, he was sound mentally and physically, and a
man of remarkable caution and alertness; hence it is certain that
the driver of the automobile was inexcusable for his atrocious act.
This is attested by the fact that he did not stop to render assistance,
but ran away at breakneck speed, and it is much to be regretted
that his identity was not discovered. There were two young men
and two women in the machine, and, although they managed to escape
apprehension, they will carry a cloud of guilt on their consciences
as long as they live.

Mr. Collins was one of the early active members of the Academy
of Sciences, and rendered valuable service to that organization when
it most needed support. In May, 1908, he was elected Secretary, and
he filled that position most efficiently for nearly twelve years. He
was interested in every phase of scientific development, and had a
gift for recording, filing, indexing and keeping the documents and
records of the Academy in a readily available shape. He had a fine
literary instinct and an appreciation of scientific values, which en-
abled him to edit the Academy’s Bulletin in a most able manner during
his incumbency as Secretary. These services were all performed
gratuitously.

Mr. Collins was born in Sennett, Cayuga County, New York, Dec.
10th, 1844, the son of Ozro and Ann Van Etten Collins. His early
training was in the public schools of New York, Connecticut and Ohio.
He graduated from St. Louis University with the degree of LL.B.
After this full preparation he entered Harvard University, and gradu-

D1

ated with full honor in 1867. Choosing the law as his profession, he
was in due time admitted to the Bar and practiced in Chicago for
many years. On removing to Los Angeles in 1889 he continued in
practice almost up to the time of his death.

While a resident of Illinois he married Miss Mary Ballance,
daughter of Charles Ballance, of Peoria. From this union there were
born four children, Rejoyce Ballance Collins, Gladys Collins, Con
stance Dorothy Collins and Jessie Fremont Collins. Two of the
daughters died in infancy, and Rejoyce married Charles Maclay
Booth; and Constance married Noel Condiff Edwards. Mrs. Collins
died some twenty years ago, but the two married daughters still
reside in or near Los Angeles.

Military service was always attractive to Mr. Collins, and he
entered upon this avocation, quite actively. He became a member
of the Illinois National Guard, being eventually appointed Assistant
Adjutant General of the State of Illinois with the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel. Rendering valued service for his state and city during the
railroad riot of 1887, he with two other officers wer presented with a
pistol and sabre by the Council of the City of Chicago.

Having previously connected himself with the Society, Sons of
the Revolution in the State of New York, it was quite natural that
he should formulate a plan to organize a State Society of the same
patriotic institution in California. In 1893, he associated with him-
self five other gentlemen who became Founders of the California So-
ciety. They were Col, Holdridge Ozro Collins, Col. John Miner Carey
Marble, Lieut. Col. William Anthony Elderkin, U. S. A., Capt. Charles
Lee Collins, Col. Edward Thomas Harden and Mr. James Monroe
Allen. These gentlemen, of patriotic and loyal lineages instituted in
May, 1893, and incorporated May 8th of the same year, the Society,
Sons of the Revolution, in the State of California. Colonel Collins
was its first President which office he retained until 1907, and was
again elected President for the period from 1909 to 1912. He always
interested himself in the publications of the Society, preparing and
printing many of its pamphlets. In this service he prepared a history
of the institution and organization of the General Society, Sons of the
Revolution, which is the standard source of reference upon those
points. For several years, he served as General Historian of the General
Society, and at the time of his death was Historian of the California
Society, having just recently issued a printed report in that. official
capacity which had been transmitted by mail, in envelopes addressed
by his own hand, just previous to his death. Painstaking, thorough
and faithful to fact and detail, he was a careful recorder of the events
and achievements of the Society.

52

NEW TRANSITION FORMS or “ABS.”

(LEPID. RHOPALOCERA)
By J. D. GUNDER, Pasadena, Calif.

The generic names herein used follow the Jan. 1926, Barnes &
Benjamin List. All classification references to transition forms are
as per article on page 132, vol. 38, May, 1927, Entom. News. Where
necessary, these specimens will be illustrated later in a private pub-
lication by the Author.

POLYGONIA SATYRUS (Edw.), race MARSYAS (Hdw.), nov. tr.
f. HOLLANDI.

Mr. W. H. Edwards in vol. 2, Grapta plate 3 of “Butterflies of
North America” very clearly illustrates in color this interesting
transition form. His fig. 5 shows the upperside and fig. 6 shows
the underside. Mr. Edwards in text simply refers to it as a “suf-
tused” marsyas. Upon examining Huropean “aberrations” of ‘“Graptas,”’
I find this American specimen worthy of a special name. As Mr. Ed-
wards figures the specimen so well, a detailed description here would
seem unnecessary.

Classification: transition form; melanifusism, degree final (note
position of black, comparing it to final degree of Cynthia carye, tyr. f.
letcheri, for example).

Data: Holotype @; expanse 50 mm.; locality, etc. as per EKd-
wards text; in Edwards Coll. at Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa., as
per letter dated April 14, 1927 from Mr. Hugo Kahl in which he
says Dr. Avinoff and himself located the specimen without difficulty.

Note: Named after Dr. W. J. Holland to whom American lepi-
dopterists owe much thanks for preserving the great Edwards Collection.

LYCAENA THOF (Guer.), nov. tr. f. WORMSBACHERI.

All the orange-red ground color found on typical specimens here
becomes yellow on both upper and under sides. The maculation is un-
changed.

Classification: Transition form; chromatism, color sequence—red
to yellow.

Data: Holotype 9; expanse 34 mm.; in coll. of Henry Wormsbacher,
Cleveland, Ohio; to be deposited later in the U. S. Nat. Museum, Wash-
ington, D. C.

Note: The above specimen was received for description in May,
1926, from Mr. Wormsbacher. I regret this long delay in recording its
validity.

CYNTHIA CARYE (Hbn.), nov. tr. f. NIVOSA.

Typical in all respects except that the normal yellow-orange ground
color here becomes white or rather a whitish color. Very similar to
Cynthia cardui, tr. f. pallens. This latter reference is unrecorded in
Am. Lists to date; but should be noted in future catalogues as a
specimen is in the Author’s coll. being taken at San Diego, Calif.

Classification: Transition form; albinism, color change final.

Data: Holotype ¢; expanse 50 mm.; San Francisco (Cottle),
Aug. 1915; in Author’s collection.

Note: The above holotype specimen is illustrated in Comstock’s
“Butterflies of California,” plate 44, fig. 3.

53

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Ket tuchinursins;

Vol. XXVI Part 3

CONTENTS

Page

THE BONE DRIFT IN THE TAR-BEDS OF RANCHO LA BREA 59
James Z. Gilbert

STUDIES IN PACIFIC COAST LEPIDOPTERA, Continued
Dr. John A. Comstock

67

LUPINUS PIPERITA SMR eae ee Seon SI ics ei ah eno onl TO
Dr, A. Davidson

DELPHINIUM INFLEXUM - - - - - = © = -*= = 70
Dr. A. Davidson

71

IN MEMORIAM, ARTHUR BURNETT BENTON
MRT MOREA mee re he nS CS eae ieee ON a

Southern California
Academy of Sciences

= 8
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

UR 05. IS RECEIESE: Sp poets nce enhaecccnescnnn essa stead President
MRyAGEO. “WasPARSONS 3107009. +. aan ees Vice-President
ie ORD. Ay (GARPINITER 603.5602 Ne 2nd Vice-President
RTs CAG SO WORN iat ceec sicher ce ep sean a er Secretary
IR: S64). IRBESRo a a a Treasurer
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Gro. W. Parsons
Dr. Witti1aM A. Bryan HERBERT J. GOUDGE
‘Dr. A. Davipson Dr. FRANK CLARK
Dr. Forp A. CARPENTER Dr. R. H. Swirt
WititraM A. SPALDING

= 8

ADVISORY BOARD
Mr. B. R. BAUMGARDT- Dr. T. C. Low
Mr. R. F. Gross Mr. THEODORE PAYNE
Dr. D. L. TASKER
= 8
ASTRONOMICAL SECTION
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT WILLIAM A. SPALDING
Chairman . Secretary

ZOOLOGICAL SECTION
Mr. JAMES Z, GILBERT
Chairman
BOTANICAL SECTION
Dr. A. Davipson THEODORE PAYNE
Chairman _ Secretary
FINANCE COMMITTEE
Dr. A. Davipson, Mr. S. J. Krest, Mr. Georce Parsons
GEOLOGICAL SECTION
Mr. Geo. W. Parsons
Chairman
PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, Dr. R. N. Swirt, Dr. M. F. BAUMGARDT
= 8
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION
Me. Witttam A. SpALpInG, Chairman

Dr. Joun A. Comstock Mr. S. J. KEESE
Mr. Wm. A. SPALDING, ANSTRUTHER Davipson, C.M., M.D.

OFFICE OF THE ACADEMY
203 HiLtstrEET Bupe., 815 S. Hitt Los ANGELES, CAL.

THE BONE DRIFT IN THE TAR-BEDS OF
RANCHO LA BREA

By JAMES Z. GILBERT

To the west of Los Angeles, now chiefly within the city limits,
lies a comparatively level plain. (Fig. 1.) In the midst of this plain
was discovered by the writer and others the most remarkable deposit
of prehistoric animal remains ever unearthed:—great in variety of
species of plants, birds and mammals; enormous in quantity, perfect
in preservation in a matrix of tar, and unique in the methods of
accumulation.

Literature is not wanting in description of the species of animals
and piants found in these beds, but the methods of accumulation have
received little publicity in print. Two methods have been proposed,
one known as the “trap’’* method and the other, the “drift” * method.
The evidences of the latter so far as the writer is aware, have not
been given except in his early lectures before scientific societies and
to visiting scientists*.

The trap method of accumulation considers that the animals were
caught by accident in the tarry mass in their passing, or by sinking
while drinking of the shallow water in the pool or eating of the scanty
vegetable growth around it. The drift method finds evidences of
alternating rainy and dry seasons, the death of animals on a building
plain, and tar-seeps or springs for capturing the drifting bones and
other debris in flood-time. Since evidences indicating the drift method
of deposit have been confirmed during the years following the early
discoveries, this method may well be set forth in a more extended
sketch.

GENERAL CONDITIONS

The deposit of these Pleistocene fossils lies near the surface of
a bread, slightly undulating flood-plain (Pl. 6) which rises toward
the Santa Monica Mountains on the north and slopes gently to the
south and west toward the sea some 14 miles away. The fossil bearing
portion is limited to a few acres in area and to a depth ranging from
three or four feet from the present surface to about thirty feet below.
The bones occur in very limited spaces only where the preserving tar
appeared.

The chief part of the plain is made up of fresh-water materials
brought down during the Pleistocene age from higher levels and
spread out in valley form during the flood season thru a long period
of time. The soil analysis also shows the fresh-water origin and the

1J. C. Merriam, Sunset Magazine, October, 1908. wie

J. Z. Gilbert, Southern California Academy of Sciences, January, 1910, pp. 16, 19.

4Southern California Academy of Sciences Nature Club: Dr. Charles Schuschert,
1915; Dr. Franz X. Schaffer, Vienna, Austria, 1927.

59

PLATE 6.

The alluvial plain in which the fossil remains of Rancho La Brea
were deposited.

structure indicates here and there alternating layers of sand, gravel,
clay and silt and over all the recent soil. The formation of the tar-
seeps, pools (Pl. 7) or mounds (PI. 8) which are responsible for
the capture of the drifting materials, is unique resulting from the
combination of a number of conditions. The plain of Pleistocene
material is underlaid with the Pliocene and Miocene formations,
which at this place imprison quantities of oil and gas of the oil-
sands. This tarry material* is under great pressure, thereby
making possible the hundreds of oil wells (Pl. 10) of this district,
and during ages past has been forced up thru cracks and
crevices in the overlying strata to the surface. Here the gas forms
tar bubbles which break as the gas escapes into the air and the tarry
mass remains behind. Water also in most cases is brought up with
the escaping gas and all together frequently form a sticky mass
which penetrates the soil for from a few inches to several feet around.
These places in the rainy season became soft and may have served
to capture straying animals as at present, but more likely to have
served a lodging place for passing materials. Sometimes the tar
accumulated in the depression around the mouth of the vent or
“spring” (Pl. 7) and formed a small pool. This might have become
filled with water, and covered with a film of lighter oil. Again the tar
in other places being thicker would build up in the overflow a low
broad mound (PI. 8), which with the other places would form ideal

3 La Brea, Spanish for the tar.

60

PLATE 7.

A tar seep or pool in the center of these bones which served as the
drift center for lodging materials.

conditions for the capture of anything that might float into them—
such as sand, smal! animals, leaves, twigs, limbs and trunks (PI. 12)
of trees and bones of animals scattered over the plain. Once lodged
this mterial would gradually be covered with the dust of the dry
season and sealed for all time by the rising tar.

These pits or tar-springs occur in an irregular line across the
flood-plain almost at right angles to the general direction of the slope
and flow and the debris was found chiefly on the side of the mounds
or pools nearest the source of the flood. Yet another corroborating
evidence is found in the fact that these beds are found nearer the
middle of the plain which is also the lowest portion now being cut
thru by a shallow depression. It is also observed that at other tar-
seeps in the vicinity, where drifting was not favorable, these animal
remains are not found. Lastly it should likely be noted that the drift
method better accounts for the conditions in which the fragmentary
human remains were found. In some such fashion, therefore, the
chimney-like forms or columns of bones and debris were built up
from season to season until the extinction of the race occurred.

61

PLATE 8.

A mound form, active at present, which served as a lodge for drifting
material.

PLATE 8-A.

Showing small size of the vent caused by es-
caping gas and tar.

62

EVIDENCES WITHIN THE DEPOSITS

Within the deposits many evidences of the drift method of accu-
mulation are found. The soil around the piles of bones is of fresh
water origin. The matrix is a tarry mass of sandy soil, soft or hard,
depending much upon the relative amount of liquid tar present. The
bones themselves became completely saturated with the tar and every
foramen and cavity became filled with every kind of debris. Packed
in and around the bones were found sand, fine and coarse gravel,

PLATE 9.

The “chimney” like form of deposit in the building up of the plain.

PLATE 10.

The “pit,” an artificial pool in the bank of which the bone deposit
ceased about four feet below the present surface of the plain.

small boulders, seeds, cones of trees yet native in the mountains,
several species of insects, leaves, twigs, broken limbs and badly worn
trunks of trees—all massed together and most certainly brought
together by wash. Parts of skeletons were found in most unusual
places as a rib or a tooth, or a carpal in the neural canal of a ver-
tebra or the scutes of the giant ground sloth, the phalanges of the
wolf and a tooth of the lion in the cranial cavity of some skull.

The specimens show a larger number of aged and younger indiv-
iduals than of the middle aged ones. The skeletons were never com-
plete, it being the rarest occasion when the major part of a skeleton
of an individual could be found, and only such parts of the many as
could resist destruction—limb bones, vertebrae, skulls and teeth are
the most common finds. The elements of the skeleton were invariably
separate, scattered, and most often fragmentary, doubtless by having
suffered complete separation and scattering on the plain, break and
wear in the transportation, decay outside the preserving tar or gnaw-
ing by the carnivorous animals. Occasionally two or more consecu-
tive bones, e. g. vertebrae were found together, but only because of
adhesions in disease. Again the skeletal elements were found in the
most topsy-turvy relation possible. For example to remove from the

64

PLATE 11.

“Mastodon” pit showing the contemporaneous deposit of mastodon
tiger, wolf and sloth skulls with other bones and debris.

pit a bone of the camel which was in sight, 23 other bones of 12 dii-
ferent animals had to be removed first. Or in another case, side by
side in contact with each other were found the skulls of a mastodon
(Pl. 11), a sabre-toothed tiger, a wolf and a giant ground sloth, all
packed about by other bones. Thus the skeletal parts were so mixed,
and the elements of a single individual so few in one place that the
sorting and matching of bones proved the longest and most difficult
task for the museum paleontologist. Indeed parts of the same indi-
vidual in different pits was an occurrence not unknown.

This scattering far and near can be easily accounted for by the
work of carnivorous animals and the flood of shallow waters. All in
all it would take no wild stretch of the imagination to picture what
most likely occurred in those ancient days of starvation, struggle and
extinction. For evidentiy during the extinction of this most remark-
able fauna this plain was in process of building, affording here and
there vegetable growth and water, and continued to build for some
time after the last individuals had perished. Thus the aged and
young, the weak and strong, the diseased and sound, wandered
in their struggle for existence over the plain, grazed, ate, drank and
perished from starvation or by the attacks of ravenous beasts and
birds. These animals abounded in astonishing numbers and in the
last hopeless struggle fought each other only to leave their remains
on the field of strife, victims of their own ravages. Thus from year
to year the struggle went on, leaving the scattered bones of enemies

65

and prey alike to bleach in the summer sun, only to be carried with
the floods of winter and left stranded in their tarry beds, there, with

other debris to be sealed for all time. In some such manner the bone

drift in the tar beds of Rancho La Brea was accumulated.

PLATE 12.

Badly worn trunks of trees

66

STUDIES IN PACIFIC COAST LEPIDOPTERA
(Continued)

JOHN ADAMS COMSTOCK

Early in the spring of this year I received from Mr. Fred Thorne
of San Diego, a few eggs of Huphydryas quino. The following notes
and accompanying drawing were prepared therefrom.

EF. quino Behr. Egg; slightly taller than broad, the upper half
fluted with about 20 vertical ribs, and the lower half pitted. Base
broadly rounding. Micropyle not depressed. Minute, barely perceptible
horizontal ridges occur on the floor of the grooves between the vertical
columns.

Color, at first yellow, changing to a brownish-yellow.

A race of Tharsalea arota occurs in the Tejon Mountains which
is about intermediate between the typical form, and the race nubila.
Examples of this were noted ovipositing on Ribes cereum. The egg
did not differ from that of nwbila, which has been previously illustrated
in “Butterflies of California,’ except for a slightly more pyramidal
form. The food-plant is a new record.

PLATE 13.

Egg of Huphydryas quino
much enlarged.

TE 14
Egg of Tharsalea Arota nubila, enlarged.

Callipsyche behrii Edw. Ege. Echinoid, with a deep micropyle,
surrounding which is a circular eminence. About half as broad as
high, and covered with pearly projections irregularly placed. These
are largest on the outer circumference and smallest as they approach
the micropyle. Around each of these pearly knobs are a number of
deep pits, which show only with higher magnification.

Color, when first laid, yellow, changing in 5 to 10 seconds to a
glistening white.

In the Tejon Mountains, near Lebec, the females were observed
Ovipositing on Purshia glandulosa, the first week in July.

Heodes heteronea clara Hy. Edw. This blue is one of the rarest
Californian Species, being confined to the Tehachapi and Tejon regions.
It is exceedingly local in spite of the fact that the genus of food-plants
on which it is dependent is widely distributed and abundant through-
out the state.

It was my good fortune to find a colony of this butterfly near
Lebec, in the Tejon Mountains, during the first week in July of this
year. The females were observed ovipositing on Hriogonwm fascicula-
tum and E. microthecum. The first named seemed to be the preferred

67

plant. A number of eggs were collected, and from these the accompany-
ing drawing and description were prepared.

Hee. Covered by irregular depressions separated by thin upright
walls, at the junctures of which are projecting papillae. This gives
the entire egg a spiny appearance. Shape, nearly spherical, about four-
fifths as tall as broad; the micropyle a deep pit with abrupt walls.

Color, when first laid a delicate green, changing in a few seconds
to clear white.

The eggs are laid, usually, on the under side of the leaves of
Briogonum.

As clara is only a geographic race of heteronea, it is likely that
the parent species has much the same egg, and feeds on the same genus
of plants.

fez of Callipsyche behrii much Egg of Heodes heteronea clara
enlarged. much enlarged.

PLATE 15.

Mr. T. M. Blackman of Los Angeles has presented me with ova
ot Ochlodes agricola Bdv. together with a sketch of the newly emerged
larva, from which the following brief description is prepared.

gg. Cone-shaped, as per the accompanying cut; the surface cov-
ered with slightly raised ridges in a minute honeycomb pattern. Color,
dull white. See page 70. Plate 18.

Newly emerged larva. White; head black and shiny. A narrow
black transverse band on dorsal area of second segment, with a black
lateral spot below each end of this band. Small black spots on seg-
ments 3 to 13, on dorsal and lateral areas, disposed as shown in the
cut. Legs and prolegs, white.

On page 165, fig. A52b of “Butterflies of California” is shown a
figure of the larva of Phasiana curvata. This interesting Geometrid
caterpillar imitates to a remarkable degree, the terminal twigs of the
juniper. It is marked in a series of diamond shaped spots, with vary-
ing shades of green, the pattern becoming darker and more clearly
defined in the last larval instar.

The chrysalis of this moth is illustrated in the accompanying
figure, which renders a description unnecessary; it is a deep glistening
black.

68

PLATE 16.

Sprig of Juniper show-
ing larva of Phasiana
curvata at b., also two
other protectively col-

ored caterpillars .

PLATE 17.

Pupa of Phasiana curvata much en-
larged.

Wy Ik
RAL oO
YN Yo

Ys
5

a

PLATE 18.

~! ¥
VWF

Ege and newly emerged
larva of Ochlodes agricola,
greatly enlarged.

‘i!

OG!

a Serer

LUPINUS PIPERITA n. sp.
A. DAVIDSON, M.D.

Upright perennial 6-8 d. m. high, stem fistulose; petioles 10 cm.
long, leaflets 6 or 7, lanceolate, 6-8 cm. long, 2-24 cm. wide; racemes
4-5 cm. long; flowers crowded, not verticillate; bracts early decid-
uous; pedicels 5 cm. long, flowers 1-1% cm. long, blue, banner with
a yellow blotch; lower sepal green entire, upper semimembranous,
acutely cleft nearly half its depth; pods 5 cm. long, 6-8 seeded, cov-
ered with short hairs; seeds light brown with a dark line near hilum
and scattered dark spots above. Whole plant otherwise than the
pod absolutely glabrous except a tiny tuft of hairs on tip of lower
sepal and a few hairs in the cleft of the upper sepal. The flowers
have a characteristic pepper like odor.

Type No. 3645. Sequoia National Park, July 1927. Abundant in
the meadow near the main camp.

I first saw this plant many years ago and was struck by its
unusual fragrance but I failed to secure fruit. This season Mrs.
Susan. Hutchinson gathered complete specimens. She informs me
that the natives there know it as the pepper lupine.

DELPHINIUM INFLEXUM na. sp.
By DR. A DAVIDSON

Plant glabrous throughout, 6-8 dm. high; stem leaves 5-lobed the
2 lower unequally forked, lobes about 3 cm. long, 3mm. wide, acute at
tip; lower petioles 10-15 cm. long; inflorescence a virgate raceme,
peduncles 2-3 cm. long; flowers dark dull blue, 2.5 cm. long, spur 1.5
cm. long, straight or with slight turn up at tip; sepals with the callous
triangular tip infolded. Fruit unknown.

Type No. 3641. Discovered by - Robert Kessler in Fish Canyon,
San Gabriel Mts. growing along side specimens of D. cardinale and
D. Parryi. Easily recognized by the color and the peculiar sepals.

Su Memoriam
ARTHUR BURNETT BENTON

Arthur Burnett Benton, one of the most widely known architects
of California and past President of the Southern California Academy
of Sciences, died at his home in Los Angeles, September 18th, 1927.
Nearly two years ago Mr. Benton underwent a serious surgical opera-
tion, from which he apparently recovered, and was able to resume the
practice of his profession, but was prostrated again, and after lingering
several months in a sanitarium, passed away. Mr. Benton was a man
of sunny temperament and, aside from his professional work, took a
leading part in many social, cultural and intellectual activities. He
was a member of the Old Colony Club, Jonathan Club, and Union
League Club. He was Governor of the California Society of the
Colonial Wars from 1908 to 1910; President of the Society Sons of the
Revolution, 1925-26; President of the Southern California Academy of
Sciences, 1913-16; Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and
served as President of the Southern California Chapter; past President
Association of Engineers and Architects for Southern California;
Secretary and Architect of the Landmarks Club; served as Vice-Presi-
dent of the Los Angeles Municipal Art Commission; was a member
of the Board of Governors of the Los Angeles County Museum; former
vestryman of St. Paul’s Pro-Cathedral; on the advisory board for the
restoration of the Santa Barbara Mission, and rendered assistance in
the restoration of the missions of San Juan Capistrano, San Fernando,
Palo, San Diego and San Luis Rey.

Mr. Benton was born in Peoria, Ill., April 17th, 1858. He attended
the grade and high school of his native city, graduated from the latter
in 1877. Following this he took a course of two years in the School of
Art and Design at Topeka, Kans. He was a farmer in Morris County,
Kans., for eight years, then took a position as architectural draftsman
in the office of the Chief Engineer of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa
Fe Railway, at Topeka, Kans., 1887-88; draftsman in the office of the
Chief Engineer of tke Union Pacific Railroad at Omaha, Neb., 1889-91.
He came to California in 1891, first settling in Santa Barbara, where he
did some architectural work, then coming to Los Angeles in 1892,
when he established an office on his own account, which was main-
tained until the time of his death.

Mr. Benton’s most notable achievement in architecture is-the Mis-
sion Inn, at Riverside, which is unique and world-famous. To this great
enterprise he gave much study, as it was gradually building up through
a period of 27 years. It is probably the most complete expression of
the Mission type of architecture in all phases to be found in the United
States. This and other work on these lines gained for Mr. Benton
an enviable reputation, and he was regarded as the highest authority
on the Mission type of architecture. However, he did not confine his
efforts to this style, but approved himself a master planner in several
others. He designed the New Arlington Hotel at Santa Barbara, the
Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. buildings at Los Angeles, the Clark
Memorial Home for young women, the building for the Mission Play
at San Gabriel, restorations of old missions at San Diego, San Juan
Capistrano and San Luis Obispo, many dwellings, sclicols, churches,
hospitals, etc.

71

Altogether, Mr. Benton led a busy and a useful life, making a
strong impress upon the culture of his time, and leaving monuments
to attest his worth to coming generations. He was not only an archi-
tect with artistic and romantic gifts, but he was a poet as well. He
wrote ‘a poem setting forth the traditions back of the Mission Inn,
published in an illuminated de luxe edition, illustrated by Mr. Sharpe,
his artistic assistant, which is probably the most beautiful book ever
issued in California.

Mr. Benton was married in Morris County, Kansas, in 1883, to
Phillipina Harriet Schilling-Von Constact. His wife and one daughter,
Edith May Benton, survive him.

W. A. SPALDING.

72

TRANSACTIONS OF THE ACADEMY

Academy Meeting

Regular meeting of Academy was held in the Auditorium of the
Los Angeles Public Library June 7th, 1927. The speaker of the eve-
ning was Mr. H. K. Sergent, who delivered an extremely interesting
and instructive address on “Worlds Around Us.” It was illustrated by
numerous slides from the latest photographs made with the tele-
scope on Mt. Wilson, as well as pictures by the lecturer, and simply
depicted Mans’ relations to the distant orbs of the Universe in which
we live.

Annual Meeting

The annual meeting was held in the banquet hall of the Artland
Club on June 29th, 1927. At the close of the dinner reports of the
President, Secretary and Treasurer were heard. Motion carried to
reinstate present Board of Directors for following year. The meet-
ing adjourned to the Music Room where an illustrated lecture was
given by Mr. B. R. Baumgardt, F.R.A.S. The subject was ‘Joan of
Arc; in the Footsteps of the Maid of France Through La Touraine
and Along the Loire’’. It was the same lecture the speaker had recently
given before the National Geographic Society in Washington, creating
so much praise of the artistic merit of the pictures and talk. Mem-
bers of the Academy not present missed one of the best lectures of
the year.

Academy Meeting

On September 15th, 1927, regular meeting was held in Artland Club
and Mr. C. Warren Temple, artist and world traveler, spoke of “Life
Among the Arabs,” gained from years of observation living with them
as one of them. The talk was illustrated by pictures never before
shown of the holy places of the East. The speaker wore the native
costume of the Bedouins.

Academy Meeting

Mr. Keith Kennedy of Australia, well known musician and lec-
turer, delivered a most unusual talk to the Academy on “Music of
Many Lands.” From his great collection he demonstrated the devel-
opment of modern instruments from primitive sound producers of
ancient and barbaric peoples. The lecture was he!d September 26th,
1927, at the Artland Club Music Room.

73

Academy Meeting

Regular meeting was held with the Nature Club at the Public
Library on November 1st, 1927. Our ex-President, Dr. F. GC. Clark,
gave an illustrated talk on “Our Relatives the Animals” in his usual
instructive style. Specimens were shown from members’ collections.

Academy Meeting

Meeting held in Artland Club, November 4th, 1927, was addressed
by Prof. H. H. Nininger, A.M., on “Meteors and Meteorites,” illus-
trated by specimens from his marvelous collection, one of the most
complete private collections in existence. The talk gave the latest
scientific thought on these masses from space.

Board Meeting

A regularly called meeting of Directors was held in the Artland
Club, 1 p. m., November 21st, 1927. There were present Mrs. S. J.
Keese, chairman; Dr. J. A. Comstock, Dr. F. A. Carpenter, Dr. R. H.
Swift, Dr. M. F. Baumgaradt, Dr. A. Davidson, Mr. W. A. Spalding
and Mr. G. W. Parsons. Dr. Carpenter was authorized to investi-
gate wheareabouts of plaque on memorial tree in Exposition Park.

Appointments of Committees
Publication Committee: Dr. Comstock, Dr. Davidson, Mr. Keese
and Mr. Spalding.
Finance Committee: Myr. Parsons, Dr. Davidson and Mr. Keese.

Program Committee: Dr. Swift, Dr. Comstock and Dr. Baumgardt.

Appointments of Sections and Officers
Astronomical Section: Dr. M. F, Baumgardt, chairman; W. A.
Spalding, secretary.
Botanical Section: Dr. A. Davidson, chairman; T. Payne, secretary.
Geology Section: G. W. Parsons, chairman.

Meteorology and Aeronautic Section: Dr. F. A. Carpenter,
chairman.

Zoology Section: J. Z. Gilbert, chairman.

Mr. Spaulding authorized to write memorial for bulletin for the
late A. B. Benton.

Board adjourned, 2 p. m.

DR. R. H. SWIFT, Secretary.

74

The work of the Southern California Academy of Sciences is carried
on entirely through the generosity of private citizens, who are suf-
ficiently interested in the advancement of education and cultural
endeavor to donate funds cr make bequests to the Academy. As a
guide, in the matter of bequests, for those who plan to further this
program, the following forms are suggested:

Form of Legacy

To be used when it is desired to leave the Academy any personal
property, such as money, stocks, bonds, works of art, or other objects
of value.

I give and bequeath unto “Southern California Academy of
Sciences, of the City of Los Angeles, the sum of...
Dollars: To have and possess the same unto the said “Southern Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences,” its successors and assigns, to the uses,
dispositions and benefits thereof forever.

Form of Devise

To be used when it is desired to leave real estate to the Academy.

I give and devise to “Southern California Academy of Sciences”
OtmthemCityveOreOS PAN Seles. (ee ak a ee
here describe the property or ground rent................0000......... ee ah ),
together with the appurtenances, in fee simple, and all policies of
insurance covering said premises, whether fire, title or otherwise, free
from all taxes: To have and to hold the same unto the said “Southern
California Academy of Sciences,” its successors or assigns forever.

75

BULLETIN of the SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ACADEMY of SCIENCES

. Published by the Academy at Los Angeles, California.
Subscription—$2.00 per year

Free to Life Members and Unlimited Annual Members of the Academy.
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Address all communications to Dr. John A. Comstock
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Publications of the

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MISCELLANEOUS BULLETINS issued under the imprint of the Agri-
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All issues of the above are now out of print.

Bulletin of the
Southern California Academy of Sciences

Began issue with Vol. I, No. 1, January, 1902. Issued ten numbers in
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two numbers annually from 1907 to 1919, both inclusive (except 1908—
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The 1921 issues are: Vol. XX, No. 1, April; Vol. XX, No. 2,
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The 1924 issues are: Vol. XXIII, No. 1, January-February; No.
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ber-October; No. 6, November-December.

The 1925 issues are: Vol. XXIV, No. 1, January-April; No. 2,
May-August; No. 3, September-December.

The 1926 issues are: Vol. XXV, No. 1, January-April; No. 2, Mar
August. No. 3, September-December.

76

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77

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Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences

INDEX, VOL.

Arctia caja waroi, new race...... 5
Arenaria californica _................. 16
Basilarchia weidemeyri, new f. 5
Benton Arthur B, obituary........ 71

Bombycis verdugoensis __......... 6
Bone drift in Brea beds............ 59
Callipsyche behri, egg of...........- 67
Collins H. O., obituary of..__...... 51
Corethrogyne genus in S. Cal. 8
Cynthia carye f. nivosa.............. 53
Delphinium inflexum —................ 70
Draba subsessile ...................-.....- 16
Euphydryas quino, egg of ........ 67
Hemaris diffinis jordani --... esol

Heodes heteronea clara, egg of 68
Ivesia Chandleri —................ 16
Lepidoptera diurnal, check list 25

XXVI, 1927

Lascionycta benjamini —... 6
Loiseluria flaviflora —.......... 16
Lupinus piperita 70
Lycaena thoe wormsbacheri...... 53
Ochlodes agricola, egg of.......... 70
Orobanche Ludoviciana —............ 16
Oxytheca luteola —....00. 16
Paphia piazzi -........---....--..-......... U

Polygonia satyrus Hollandi_..... 53
Protective coloration;. mimicry 2

Prunella vulgaris lanceolata......16

Saliva asi O le Som Call yee seen eee nee 17
Sedum pumilum —... 16
Tharsalea arota, egg of.............. 67
Vaccinium ovatum ......... 5 SSS 16

Zygophyllum Fabago brachy-
carpa

Bold type indicates new species or varieties.

Peeee ie TiN OF ~-THE
Southern California
Academy of Sciences

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

Vol.XXVII_ January-April, 1928 Part 1

CONTENTS

A LIST OF THE MARINE FISHES,
SOUTHERN

ALTON, . "=

(TELEOSTEI) OF
CALIFORNIA WITH THEIR DISTRIBU-

Prof. Albert B. Ulrey and Paul O. Greeley

IN MEMORIAM—SAMUEL JOHN KEESE -

William A. Spalding

Southern California
Academy of Sciences

= 8
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Win Gro. W. PARSONS 2000 2.220 eee President
ReetORD NM GARPEIN TER 62000 ph aoe Vice-President
BYR S Riegkdis (SWEET oe occas acetate ol Secretary
Mrs Winrar Ay SPALDING ‘ccc Treasurer
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Geo. W. Parsons
Dr. WittraM A. Bryan HERBERT J. GOUDGE
Dr. A. Davipson Dr. FRANK CLARK
Dr. Forp A. CARPENTER Dr. R. H. Swirt
Wittiam A. SPALDING THEODORE PAYNE
Dr. JoHn A. Comstock
= 8
ADVISORY BOARD

Mr. B. R. BAUMGARDT Dr. T. C. Low
Mr. R. F. Gross Dr: D.e. TAsSKer

= 8

ASTRONOMICAL SECTION
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT WILLIAM A. SPALDING
Chairman Secretary

ZOOLOGICAL SECTION
Dr. JAMES Z. GILBERT
Chairman

BOTANICAL SECTION

Dr. A. Davipson THEODORE PAYNE
Chairman Secretary

FINANCE COMMITTEE
Dr. A. Davipson, Mr. Won. A. Spatpinc, Mr. GEORGE PARsoNns

GEOLOGICAL SECTION
Mr. Geo. W. Parsons
Chairman
PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, Dr. R. H. Swirt, Dr. M. F. BAUMGARDT
= Ga
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION
Mr. Witii1am A. SPALDING, Chairman
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, ANSTRUTHER Davipson, C.M., M.D.
= 8
OFFICE OF THE ACADEMY
203 HiLutsTrEET Bipe., 815 S. HILy Los ANGELES, CAL.

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INSERT NO. 1. THE 8S
Bulletin, Southern California Academy

YLOS ANGELES HARBOR

AND VICINITY

FROM THE UNITED STATES

“COAST & GEODETIC SURVEY
JUNE [911

ahkeinz [rdg-
unset Beack

“A Sharb. dah,

PEDRO BAY REGION
j(Sciences. Vol. XXVII. January, 1928.

A LIST OF THE MARINE FISHES
(TELEOSTE!I) OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
WITH THEIR DISTRIBUTION

By

JNEBITIRIT 1}, WIEN
PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY
University of Southern California

and

PANUIL OQ; GIIBISIING
INSTRUCTOR IN ZOOLOGY
University of Southern California
Contributions from the Marine Biological Station

of the

University of Southern California

THE MARINE FISHES (THELEOSTET)
OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

The foilowing list of the fishes (Teleostei) of Southern California
includes those taken between the Mexican boundary on the South and
Point Conception on the North, including the region off the Channel
Islands.

We have included the species reported by the authorities quoted
and those taken during the explorations made with the Marine Station
launch, the Anton Dohrn.

Our chief purpose has been to facilitate the study of the fishes of
this region, thereby stimulating an interest in their study. To this
end the key to the families of fishes found in Southern California
waters has been published in the Bulletin of the Academy of Science,
Southern California, March-April, 1924. Sufficient references are given
with each species to enable the student readily to refer to the stand-
ard publications on these fishes. We have included in the Bibliog-
raphy appended a fairly complete list of the more important publica-
tions relating to Southern California fishes.

The List does not include a series of forms taken near the arbi-
trary boundary line we have set. A considerable number of these
border line species will doubtless be taken in the near future. These
will be included in a subsequent list.

Concerning the distribution of the species listed we have given
the general distribution reported by the authors quoted, and in the
case of forms in our collections (indicated by the asterisk*) we have
given somewhat in detail the locality from which the species was
taken.

In the maps the hauls made with the trawl are indicated by the
letter “T,’’ each being followed by a serial number, and those made
with the dredge by the letter “D” followed by a serial number.

We are indebted to a group of friends for valuable aid in the
preparation of the List and Bibliography. In our previous paper we
have mentioned the contribution of Frank W. Yocom and of Henry
W. Fowler of the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia. To these
should be added, (1) Chancellor Emeritus David Starr Jordan, who
generously gave us his helpful counsel and permission to use some
data in manuscript form soon to be published by the U. S. Bureau of
Fisheries—a Check List of the Fishes of North and Middle America;
(2) Will F. Thompson in charge of the California Fisheries Labo-
ratory at San Pedro, California, who aided materially in completing
the list and bibliography as well as placing at our disposal the. efficient
library of the fisheries laboratory. (3) Dr. Carl L. Hubbs, of the
Museum of the University of Michigan, who has made an extensive
study of Southern California fishes, kindly gave us the benefit of his
intimate knowledge of this group.

The authors believe that the best interests of the student will be
served by an alphabetical arrangement of the list and by placing in
footnotes certain data not yet readily available to other than the
specialist.

Maps SONS the dredging and trawling stations of the Anton
Dohrn.
I The San Pedro Bay region.

II The Santa Monica Bay region.
Ill The Santa Catalina Island region.

THE MARINE FISHES (TELEOSTEI)
OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

I Acrotidae

1. Acrotus willoughbyi Bean
(Cal. Fish and Game, July 1921, Vol. VII, no. 3, p. 179)
San Pedro, March 31, 1921.
(Jordan and Evermann, Vol. III, 1898, p. 2849, fig. 408)
Port Townsend & Monterey.

II Agonidae (Sea Poachers)
2. Asterotheca pentacantha (Gilbert)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 343)
oa Diego, Catalina Island, San Nicholas Island,
Monterey Bay; 75-497 fathoms.
(Xeneretmus pentacanthus) (Gilbert)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 222)
San Diego, off Oregon, and the Santa Barbara Islands,
San Pedro, Bering Sea.
(Xenochirus pentacanthus) (Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 2080)
22

3. Averruncus emmelane Jordan and Starks

(Gilbert, 1915, p. 343)

Monterey Bay, 32-44 fathoms.
4.*Averruncus sterietus Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 2071, figs. 750-750a)
Coast Southern California, Coronado Island.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 222)
Near Coronado Islands in 45 fathoms.
Local distribution:

Catalina Island T127 49-53F.

5. *Odontopyxis trispinosus Lockington
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 2085)
Coast of California from Puget Sound to Santa Barbara.
Common in 11 to 57 fathoms.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 223)
Point Loma and San Pedro.
Local distribution:

Breakwater T216 8-13-14
El Segundo T64 20F 8-12-14
Long Wharf (Santa Monica wharf destroyed) 11-1907
ce og T116 7-17-15
ss a T117 7-17-15
Newport T110 21F 6-16-15
Santa Monica T67 28F 8-13-14
ss Ss T121 7-24-15
Venice T66 27F 8-13-14
ff T68 25F 8-13-14

6. Xeneretmus latifrons (Gilbert)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 223)
Deep water off Oregon and San Diego, 50-204 fathoms.
(Xenochirus latifrons) (Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 2082)
7. Keneretmus leiops Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 348, plate 17, fig. 10)
Off Catalina Island; 178-195 fathoms.

8. Xeneretmus ritteri Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 350, plate 17, fig. 11)
Near San Diego, 176-181 fathoms.
9. *Xeneretmus triacanthus (Gilbert)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 352)
Off San Diego and Monterey Bay, 40-199 fathoms.
Local distribution:
Portuguese Bend T46 30F 12-27-13

III Albulidae (Lady-fishes)

10. Albula vulpes (Linnaeus) Lady fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 411, fig. 179)
North to San Diego. ;
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 176)
San-Diego and Monterey Bay.

IV Alepocephalidae

11. Alepocephalus tenebrosus Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 453)
Santa Barbara Channel, in 359 to 822 fathoms.
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 310)
Near San Diego, in 161 to 680 fathoms.
12. Kenognathus profundorum Gilbert
(New genus)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 311, plate 14, fig. 2)
Southwest of Catalina in 1,350 to 2,182 fathoms.

V_ Anarrichadidae (Wolf-fishes)

13. *Anarrhichthys ocellatus (Ayres)* Wolf Eel.
(Jordan & Evermann 1898, III p. 2445)
Local distribution:
Venice

*Anarrhichthyidae, Jordan, 1923.

Co

VI Anoplopomatidae (Skil-fishes)
14. *Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas) Coal fish.
(Jordan and Hvermann, 1898, II, p. 1862, fig. 675)
Monterey to Unalaska.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 216)

Off Point Loma, Northward to Sitka, abundant in Puget

Sound.
Local distribution:
Santa Catalina, Redondo Beach.
San Pedro, Calif. Fish & Game Comm.

VII Antennariidae
15. Antennarius avalonis Jordan and Starks
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 247)
Avalon, Santa Catalina Island.

VIII Argentinidae (The Smelts)
16. Argentina sialis Gilbert Smelt.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 526)
Coast of California.
Local distribution:
Huntington Beach. Cal. Fish & Game Comm.

16a. Leuroglossus Stilbius Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 312)
Off Santa Cruz Island.
(Jordan and Hvermann, 1896, p. 527)
Coast of California in deep water.
IX Atherinidae (Silver sides)
17. *Atherinops affinis litoralis Hubbs Little “Smelt.”
(Hubbs, Carl L., 1918b)
(Atherinops affinis (Ayres)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 807, fig. 342)

Coast of California in Sandy bays with A. californiensis.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 187)
Magdalena Bay to San Francisco.
Local distribution:

Venice

Venice Pier

Anaheim Landing

Catalina Island T127 49-53F
18. Atherinops insularum Gilbert Catalina “Smelt.”
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 807)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 187)

11-5-13
8-12-14
5-18-23

1916
3-30-16

Santa Barbara Group, Cerros Island and Guadalupe Island.

19. *Atherinopsis califoriensis Girard “California smelt.”
(Jordan and EHvermann, 1896, I, p. 806, fig. 341)
Cape Mendocino to San Diego.
(Starks and Morris, 1907 p. 186)
San Diego Bay northward to San Francisco.
Local distribution:
Venice
Venice Pier
20. *Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres) Grunion.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 802)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 186)
San Diego to San Francisco.
Local distribution:
Long Beach
Del Rey (taken while spawning)
Venice (taken from fisherman’s bait)

6-15-19
8-3-19
7-30-19

X Aulorhynchidae
21. Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 754)

San Nicolas Island, Monterey and Northward to Sitka,

Alaska.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 183)

XI Balistidae (Trigger-fishes)

22. Balistes polylepis Steindachner
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1700)
Lower California to Panama.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 204)
Magdalena Bay, Lower California.
Two specimens taken at Catalina Island.
Local distribution:

San Pedro Market, Calif. State fisheries laboratory, 1-13-22
7-25-24

23. XManthichthys mento (Jordan and Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, Vol. II, 1898, p. 1710)
Rocky Islands off West Coast of Mexico, not common.
(Hubbs, Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist., 1918)
Mainland shores of Ventura, Orange, Los Angeles an
Diego Co.

XII Bathymasteridae (Ronquils)
24. Rathbunella hypoplecta (Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2290)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 230)
Off Santa Barbara Islands, 30 fathoms, one specimen.

XIII Batrachoididae (Toad Fish)
25. *Porichthys notatus Girard Singing Fish, (Cabezon)
(Midshipman)
(Jordan and Hvermann, 1898, III, p. 2321)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 230)
Abundant from Puget Sound to Gulf of California.

d San

In tide pools and under stones northward; under deep water
southward.
Local distribution:
Anaheim Landing
Catalina Island T127 50F 3-30-16
a T126 49F 3-30-15
< T161 30F 6-24-16
Del Rey T64 25F 8-12-14
El Segundo T35 51LF 8-2-13
o . % T64 20F 8-12-14
ss i 8-14-17
Long Point T49 25F 12-27-13
% s T59 18F 6-22-14
o ss T204 18F 7-15-22
Long Beach T212 8F 8-5-22
zi nH T216 12F 8-12-22
Newport Bay T83 In bay 11-27-14
nS ff T82 sepa sy 11-27-14
Point Fermin 6-17-16
Portuguese Bend 12-7-11
os f T46 30F 12-27-13
Redondo T169 28F 7-29-16
Santa Monica D31 21F 8-1-14
“ec 5 D34 23F 8-8-14
: a T67 28F 8-13-14
is " T121 1814F 7-24-15
Venice T66 27F 8-13-14

XIV Belonidae (Esocidae) (Needle Fish)

26. *Strongylura exilis (Girard)
(Tylosurus exilis Girard) Needle fish.
(Jordan and HEvermann, 1896, p. 714)
Point Conception southward to Cerros Island.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 182)

Point Conception south to Guaymas, Mexico, Common.

Local distribution:
Venice
XV Berycidae (The Berycoids)
27. Melamphaes bispinosus Gilbert

(Gilbert, 1915, p. 325)
Off Coronado Islands, 624-666 fathoms.

28. Melamphaes cristiceps Gilbert!
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 324)

Monterey Bay and San Clemente, rare, 505 to 599 fathoms.

29. Melamphaes nycterinus Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 326)
Off Santa Catalina Island, 2113 to 2259 fathoms.

XVI_ Blenniidae (Blennies)
30. Auchenopterus integripinnis (Rosa Smith)?
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2372)

Coast of California and Southward to Todos Santos.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 237)
San Pedro to San Cristobal, Lower California.
?Clinidae, Jordan ms. 1924
31. Chaenopsis alepidota (Gilbert)®
(Lucioblennius alepidotus) (Gilbert)
(Jordan ana Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2404)
Gulf of California, Albatross, two specimens.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 240)
Avalon, Santa Catalina Island.
32.* Cryptotrema corallinum Gilbert#
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2366, fig. 817)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 237)
Santa Barbara Islands, 30 fathoms.
(Gilbert 1915, p. 360)
Near San Nicolas Island, 32 to 33 fathoms.
Local distribution:

Catalina Island T127 5OF
Long Beach T55 10F
Pt. Fermin T12 25F
San Pedro T51 20F

33. *Gibbonsia elegans (Cooper)4 Spotted Kelp-fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2353)

Abundant in rock pools lined with Corallina from Point Con-

ception to Todos Santos.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 232)

San Diego, San Clemente Island, San Pedro, and Monterey

Bay.

Local distribution:
Catalina Island
Malibu

*Melamphaeidae, Jordan, 1923
?Clinidae, Jordan, 1923
°Chaenopsidae, Jordan ms. 1924
*#Clinidae, Jordan, 1923

1914
1-4-12
2-9-14

34. Gibbonsia evides (Jordan and Gilbert) Senorita (Kelp-fish)

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2352)
Coast of California South to Point Conception.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 235)
Local distribution:

San Diego

Point Fermin

35. *Heterostichus rostratus Girard! Great Kelp-fish
(Jordan and Hvermann, 1898, III, p. 2351)
San Francisco to San Diego.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 232)
Abundant from San Francisco to Guadalupe Island.
Local distribution:
Anaheim Landing
Alamitos Bay

Catalina Island T102
Del Rey T34
Long Beach T200
Malibu

Portuguese Bend
Venice Breakwater

36. *Hypsoblennius gentilis (Girard)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2387)
Monterey to Cape San Lucas.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 238)

10-29-10
4-2-13

—

Ponca
FA HR SO GS bO F+ O CO
1 1
Pea Oe a ey Oe Cy
We POO Ol OT

Monterey to Guaymas, Mexico. Common at San Diego and

San Pedro in the open bays.
Local distribution:

El Segundo

Newport

Point Fermin

Santa Monica

Venice

37. *Hypsoblennius gilberti (Jordan)

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2386)
Point Conception to Todos Santos or beyond.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 238)
Santa Barbara to Todos Santos Bay.
Local distribution:

Malibu

38. *Neoclinus blanchardi Girard!
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2354)
Monterey to Santa Barbara, not rare.
Local distribution:
Santa Monica
39. Plectobranchus evides Gilbert2
(Jordan and Evermann, 1899, p. 2432) III
Coast of Oregon, 46 fathoms.
(Gilbert 1915, p. 259)
San Diego, Monterey Bay.
40. Poroclinus rothrocki Bean?
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2432)
Unalaska
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 240)
Off San Diego.

*Clinidae, Jordan, 1923
2Pholidae, Jordan ms. 1924
2Lumpenidae, Jordan ms. 1924

8-4-17
12-16-14
3-20-17
7-18-14
2-14-11
1-4-12
2-9-14
1-31-14

41. *Pterognathus satiricus (Girard)*

(Neoclinus satiricus Girard)

Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2355, fig. 816)

Monterey to Santa Barbara, rare.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 237)

Northward to Monterey.

Local distribution:
Catalina Island Avi lPA7l 50F 3-30-16
Newport 11-28-14

42.*Starksia holderi Jordan and Starks!
(S. Cremnobates (Gilbert)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 237)
A type from Avalon is the only specimen known.
Local distribution:
Avalon Bay 8-20-13
43. Ulvicola sanctae-rosae Gilbert and Starks?
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2413)
Albatross Collection Santa Rosa Island 1889, rare.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 239)
Santa Rosa Island
44.*Xererpes fucorum (Jordan and Gilbert)
(Jordan.and Evermann, III, p. 2413)
Monterey to Puget Sound, abundant in rock pools.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 239)
Northward to Puget Sound, Coronado Islands.
Local distribution:

Catalina Island 6-19-13
ss * 11-27-13

XVII Bramidae (Pomfrets)

45. Brama raii (Bloch) Pomfret
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 959)
Santa Catalina Island to Puget Sound.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 193)
Southern California Coast north to Vancouver Island.
Local distribution:
San Pedro, Calif. Fish & Game Comm.

XVIII Brotulidae (Brotuloid Fishes)

46. Brosmophycis marginatus (Ayres)
(Calif. Fish and Game Com.)

47. *Cataetyx rubrirostris Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 369) -
Off San Diego, 161 to 510 fathoms.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2498)
Off Coast of California.

Local distribution:
Newport T110 21F 6-16-15

XIX Carangidae (The Pampanos)
48. Caranx caballus (Gunther)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 192)
San Diego to Panama.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 921)
Pacific Coast of Tropical America, North to San Diego.
Very common from Guaymas southward.

1Clinidae, Jordan ms. 1924
?7Pholidae, Jordan ms. 1924
°Clinidae, Jordan, 1923

49.*Naucrates ductor Linnaeus Pilot-fish (Romero)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 900)
Point Conception to Mazatlan; abundant in summer about
Santa Barbara Islands.
Loeal distribution:
Catalina Island
50. *Seriola dorsalis (Gill) Yellow Tail
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 192)
Abundant on Southern California Coast.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 902, fig. 380)
Point Conception to Mazatlan; abundant in summer about
Santa Barbara Islands.
Local distribution:
Catalina Island
51.*Trachurus symetricus (Ayres) Horse “mackerel”
(Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich)
(Jordan and Hvermann, 1896, I, p. 909)
Coast of California, San Francisco south to Galapagos Islands.
Abundant in summer in San Francisco.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 192)
Monterey to San Diego.
Local distribution:
Venice 5-16-12

XX Ceratiidae (Sea Devils)
52. Monoceratias acanthias Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 379)
Off Santa Cruz Island, 764 to 891 fathoms.
(Jordan and Evermann, III, p. 2727)

XXI Chauliodontidae (Viper Fishes)
53. Chauliodus Macouni Bean

(Gilbert, 1915, p. 321)

Off Santa Catalina Island, San Clemente Island, Monterey
Bay, 645 to 2259 fathoms.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 585)

Coast of California to British Columbia, about 4 specimens
known, 876 fathoms.

XXII Clupeidae (Herrings)
54. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson) Shad.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 427)

Atlantic Coast of the United States from Mirima to Ala-
bama. Introduced on Pacific Coast; abundant from Mon-
terey northward.

Local distribution:

Seal Beach, California Fish & Game

(July, 1919, p. 158 vol. V. no. 3) as far south as San Diego.
55. Clupea pallasii (Cuvier and Valenciennes) (Shad) Pacific

Herring.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 422, fig. 186)

Kamchatka to San Diego.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 176)

Behring Sea to San Diego, Spawning in San Diego Bay in
January.

56. Etrumeus micropus Schlegel1 Japanese Herring

(Perkinsia othonops)

(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 420)

Point Loma, San Diego, one specimen known.

(Starks and Morris, 1907 p. 176)

One specimen in America, not uncommon in Japanese waters.

1Dussumieriidae, Jordan, 1923

57. *Sardinia coeruleus (Girard) California sardine (Pilchard,

(Clupanodon caeruleus)
(Sardinella caeruleus)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 423)
Puget Sousd to Magdalena Bay, abundant California Coast.
Spawns in sea. An excellent food fish.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 176)
Puget Sound to Cerros Island. 19 instead of 14 dorsal rays.
Local distribution:
Venice 7-31-14

XXIII Coryphaenidae (‘‘ Dolphins’’)

58. Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus “Dolphin”
(Jordan and Evermann, I, 1906, p. 952)
(Holder, 1912, p. 97)
Channel Islands, spring to October.

XXIV Cottidae (The Seulpins)
59. Astrolytes notospilotus (Girard)'

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 219)

Abundant off Santa Barbara, North to Puget Sound.
(Jordan and Hvermann, 1898, II, p. 1899, fig. 689)

Cape Mendocino southward; abundant off Santa Barbara.

60. Montereya recaiva Greeley

(Hubbs, C. L., 1926)

San Francisco Peninsula to Point Conception. Farther south
it has not been taken along the mainland, but is known
from Los Coronados Islands, near the coast just south of
the international boundary.

(Blennicottus recalvus, Greeley)

(Jordan and Evermann, 1900, IV, p. 3178)

San Diego to Santa Cruz, in the deep shaded tide pools near
low water mark.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 222)

Northward to Santa Cruz; abundant in Monterey Bay.

61. Calycilepidotus spinosus Ayres!

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1937)

Coast of California, in rather deep water, not common.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 219)

Monterey and San Francisco in rather deep water, Santa
Barbara Islands. ;

62. *Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner)?

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1890, fig. 687)

Puget Sound to San Francisco, in waters of moderate depth
not rare.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 218)

San Diego to Puget Sound.

Local distribution:

Catalina Island T43 Isthmus Cove 8-19-13
“ ss T17 Catalina Harbor 12-30-12
ss st T126 49F 3-30-16
i 4 T127 50F 3-30-16
T130 30F 6-14-16
ra T135 30F 6-15-16

Ycelidae, Jordan, 1923

10

Catalina Island TI37 40F

Sh i T148 30F

se i T154 20F

ey ct T156 30F

El Segundo T64 20F
Huntington Beach T175 21F
Long Point T49 25e
Manhattan T63 16F
Newport T89 27F
fs T109 23F

ce T110 21F

a T111 23K

6 T112 18F

“ T113 174%4EF
Playa del Ray T65 30F
Portuguese Bend T48 30F
Redondo T169 28F
Santa Cruz T192 25F
Santa Monica T67 28F
San Pedro T51 9F
‘i os T171 26F
Venice T68 25F
ts T66 27F

se T28 28F

ee T33 22F

63. *Clinocottus analis (Girard)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 2012)

CORD SH
:
RP ren de

eee ee
BD RRRAD

nN

e
DEED EFPHeONYHyHRHPHEHHE DED
J
ren ae
oe) wa

=
;

aa

CUOT SS

ar
on

DD RRRRARONWAMNWHWEN
:

ao

~ ol

Si
a
[=r)

0-17

e
sm op

7-16
-13-14
3-14

9
i)
_
w

Abundant in rock pools from Monterey to lower California.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 220)
San Francisco to San Martin Island.
Local distribution:

Catalina Island

Isthmus Cove

6c ce (73 66

Coronado Island
Malibu Cove

Point Fermin
Portuguese Bend

“c

San Pedro

“c

64. Clinocottus analis analis Girard
(Hubbs, C. L., 1926)

Fort Bragg southward to Santa Cruz Island and to the mouth
of the Ventura River, within the tidal zone, and south-

ward to San Diego in the sublittoral zone.

65. *Clinocottus analis australis Hubbs

(Hubbs, C. L., 1926)
Pt. Loma, San Diego

66. Dialarchus snyderi Greeley

(Jordan and Evermann, 1900, IV, p. 3181)
San Francisco to Monterey.
(Hubbs, C. L., 1926)

Ucluele, British Columbia, to Pt. Loma, San Diego Co.

11

68.

69.

70.

~)

1

Enophrys bison (Girard)* Stone sculpins
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1938)
San Francisco to Sitka, very abundant, especially at Puget
Sound.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 220)
Point Conception to Sitka, Alaska.

Greeleya rugellio (Greeley)
(Obligocottus rubellio (Greeley)
(Eximia rubellio)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1900, IV, p. 3182)
Monterey Bay only.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 221)
Tide pools on ocean side of Point Loma.
(Hubbs, C. L., 1926)
Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, to Point Loma, San Diego Co.

Icelinus fimbriatus Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1894)
Off Southern California in rather deep water.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 218)
Deep water off Santa Barbara Islands.

Icelinus fuscescens Gilbert:
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 340)
Off Santa Barbara Island, 260 to 310 fathoms.

.*Icelinus quadriseriatus (Lockington)*

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1897)

Coast of California, Point Reyes and Golden Gate.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 219)

Abundant off Point Loma and near San Pedro, in waters of
moderate depth north of San Francisco.

Local distribution:

Catalina Island 12-30-12
ce ef T20 Isthmus Cove 1-1-13

7 <3 T43 Ze 8-19-13

ct ze 11-27-13

: a T96 30F 3-31-15

a x T127 50F 3-30-16

Ss x T126 49F 3-30-16

4 a T128 58F 4-1-16

z # T154 28F 6-23-16

Ss + T159 40F 6-23-16

El Segundo T64 22F 8-12-14
Hermosa Beach T62 14F 8-12-14
Huntington Beach ; T174 15F 4-5-17
ck = T1795 21F 45-17
Long Point T204 20F 7-15-22
Manhattan T63 16F 8-12-14
Newport T89 27F 3-20-15
ks T110 21F 6-16-15

g T1069 23F 6-16-15

ad Till 23F 6-16-15

A T178 15F 4-6§-17

i T183 14F 4-7-17
Playa del Rey T65 25F 8-12-14
Point Fermin D49 9F 11-18-22
a a ea, 25F 11-29-12
Portuguese Bend T46 30F 12-27-13
= os TAT 30F 12-27-13
Redondo T169 28F 7-29-16

7Jcelidae, Jordan, 1923

12

Santa Monica 1907

a6 OG avilal 5F 7-9-12
“ = OT3 50F 8-7-13
as a OT37 50K 8-7-13
Gb sf D37 22F 8-11-14
oe a T67 28F 8-13-14
a G6 T119 10F 7-17-15
ie a T116 15F 7-17-15
6 a T120 8F 71-24-15

: se T121 15F 7-24-15

6 4 hy} 28k 7-24-15

se e T123 28F 7-24-15
San Pedro D3 23F 11-30-12
“ se T218 20F 19-14-22
Venice T33 22 8-2-13
of T28 30F 7-26-13
& T31 7-29-13
of T66 27F 8-13-14
Sf T68 25F 8-13-14
i T66 27F 8-13-14
T167 28F 7-22-16
ms T186 40F 7-28-17

72. Icelus australis Higenmann and Higenmannt
(Jordan and Hvermann, 1898, II, p. 1918)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 219)
Known from two specimens from stomach of sebastodes
miniatus.
Taken at Cortez banks.

73. *Leiccottus hirundo Girard
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2011, fig. 732)
Santa Barbara Islands in shallow water, not rare.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 220)
Off Santa Barbara Islands, abundant.

74. *Leptocottus armatus australis Hubbs Smooth Cabezon
(Hubbs, 1921)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 2012, fig. 733)
Kadiak to San Diego, very common.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 220)
Very abundant in San Diego bay, most abundant in shallow

water.

Local distribution:
Anaheim Landing 1916
Venice 2-26-14

75. Parartedius hankinsoni Hubbs

(Hubbs, C. L., 1926)
Point Loma, California, on the ocean side, tide-pool.

76. Paricelinus hopliticus Eigenmann and Higenmann
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1886)
Cortez Banks off San Diego, from stomach of Sebastodes
lebis.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 217)
Gilbert reports specimen (partly digested) from off Oregon,
48 fathoms.

Icelidae, Jordan, 1923

13

77. Radulinus asprellus Gilbert!
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 341)
Catalina, Santa Barbara, San Nicholas, Monterey Bay, 65
to 310 fathoms.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II. p. 1920)
Coast of Oregon and Washington, in Puget Sound.

78. Radulinus boleoides Gilbert!
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1919)
Off Santa Catalina Island, 59 fathoms.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 219)

79. Ruscariops creaseri Hubbs
(Hubbs, C. L., 1926)
Bird Rock, San Diego Co., and low pools on White’s Point,
Los Angeles Co.

SO. Rusulus saburrae Starks and Mann
(Starks and Mann, 1911)
(Indentified as young of Clinocottus analis analis, Hubbs,
1926.
San Diego Bay, 10F.

81. *Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (Ayres)* Cabezon (Sculpin)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1889)
Puget Sound to San Diego, very abundant, largest of the
cottidas. :
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 217)
Not rare near San Diego, most abundant about Monterey.

oo
bo

Tarandichthys cavifrons (Gilbert)’*

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1891)

Coast of Southern California, numerous species, 30 to 40
fathoms.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 218)

One specimen from San Pedro, in deep water about Santa
Barbara Islands.

Local distribution:

Point Vincente T207 25F 7-22-22
Venice T66 27F 8-13-14
a T165 50F 7-15-16

83. Tarandichthys filamentosus (Gilbert) 1
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1892)
Coast of Southern California, 145 and 155 fathoms.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p: 218)
Coast of Southern California in rather deep water.

84. Tarandichthys tenuis (Gilbert)?
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1893)
Coast of Southern California in rather deep water.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 218)
Several specimens from San Pedro, species known only from
Santa Barbara Islands, rather deep water.

85. Zesticelus profundorum (Gilbert)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 342)
Off San Diego and Monterey Bay, 49 to 155 fathoms.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1990, fig. 727)
Bering Sea in rather deep water, 399 and 664 fathoms, Un-
alaska.

Tcelidae, Jordan, 1923
*Scorpaenidae, Jordan, 1923
“Icelidae, Jordan, 1923

14

XXV Diodontidae (Porcupine Fishes)

86. Chilomycterus affinis Gunther
(Chilomycterus californiensis)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1751)
San Pedro, California.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 205)
Japan, Hawaii, and Galapagos Islands, one specimen by

Higenmann.

87. Diodon hystrix Linnaeus
(Jordan and Evermann, Vol. II, 1898, p. 1745)
Tropical Seas, Lower California, Florida, and Hawaiian
Islands.
(Higenmann and Higenmann, 1892)
San Diego

XXXVI Echenedidae (Remoras)

88. Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2269)
Warm seas occasionally to San Francisco.

89. Remora remora (Linnaeus) Remora
(Echeneis remora Linnaeus)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2271)
Warm seas, north to San Francisco, not rare, usually found
attached to large sharks.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 230)
Common at San Diego in summer, cosmopolitan distribution.

XXVII Embiotocidae (Surf Fishes)

90.*Amphistichus argenteus Agassiz Silver Perch
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1503)
Cape Flattery to San Diego, very abundant on sandy shores.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 201)
Local distribution:

Anaheim Inlet 7-13-15
Santa Monica T67 28F 8-13-14
Venice 7-16-14

91. Amphigonopterus aurora (Jordan & Gilbert)
(Hubbs, Carl L., 1921)
(Abeona aurora, Jordan & Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1497)

Monterey Bay, abundant in rock pools. Feeds upon Ulva.

92. Brachyistius frenatus Gill
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1499, fig. 580)
Vancouver Island to Guadalupe, common.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 200)
Apparently rare on Southern California Coast.

93. *Cymatogaster aggregatus Gibbons Viviparous perch.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1498, figs. 579-579a)

Alaska to Todos Santos Bay, exceedingly abundant in sandy
and muddy shallows, and about wharves.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 200)

South of Puget Sound, very abundant, northern most species
of the family.

Local distribution:

Anaheim Landing In bay
San Pedro So. Pacific slip 10-6-14
sf < T216 15F 8-12-22

94.*Damalichthys argyrosomus (Girard) White perch.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1509, fig. 586)
Vancouver Island to San Diego, everywhere common.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 203)
Local distribution:
San Pedro T2L1 8F 8-5-22
Venice 5-16-12

>
eo)
S

5. *Embiotoca jacksoni Agassiz Black perch.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1504)

Vancouver Island to Todos Santos Bay, not abundant.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 201)

The young probably born in January.

Local distribution:
Playa del Rey OT34 4k 8-2-13
Venice 8-20-14

96.*Holconotus rhodoterus Agassiz
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1502)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 201)
San Francisco to San Diego, rather rare.
Local distribution:
Anaheim Landing 1916

97.*Hyperprosopon agassizii Gill
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1502)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 201)
San Francisco to Santa Barbara, not generally abundant.

98.*Hyperprosopon argenteus Gibbons Wall-eyed Perch.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1501)

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 200)

Astoria, Oregon, to San Diego, on sandy shores in the surf.
Everywhere. common.

Local distribution:
Santa Cruz Island Smuggler’s Cove 10-14-14
Venice 3-30-13

99. Hypocritichthys analis (A. Agazziz)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1500, fig. 582)
San Francisco to Point Conception, rare, abundant at Santa
Cruz.
(Gilbert 1915, p. 328)
Monterey, 25 to 85 fathoms.

100. *Hypsurus caryi (Agassiz) Bugara.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1508, fig. 585)
Cape Mendocino to San Diego, common northward.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 202)
Local distribution:
Venice 12-27-13
ss 12-25-15

101. *Micrometrus minimus (Gibbons)
(Abeona minima) (Gibbons)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1497)
San Francisco to San Diego.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 200)
It has also been taken from San Nicholas, Santa Cruz and
San Martin Islands.
(Hubbs, Carl L., 1918, p. 13)
Local distribution:

Catalina Island T43 Isthmus Harbor 8-19-13
Venice 8-1-19
s§ 11-3-13

16

102.*Phanerodon atripes (Jordan and Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1507)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 202)
Monterey Bay to San Diego, abundant northward.
Local distribution:
Venice 7-27-14
San Pedro Cal. Fish Game. Com.
103. *Phanerodon furcatus Girard White surf perch.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1506, fig. 583)
Vancouver Island to San Diego, abundant.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 202)
Local distribution:

Anaheim Landing 7-13-15

a “ 1916
Portuguese Bend T46 30F 12-27-13
San Pedro T217 11F 8-12-22
Venice 4-2-13

104. *Rhacochilus toxotes Agassiz Alfione.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1507, fig. 584)
San Francisco to San Diego, rather common.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 202)
Local distribution:
Venice 8-20-14
105. *Taeniotoca lateralis (Agassiz) Blue Perch (Striped surf-fish)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1505)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 202)
San Benito Island, Lower California, to Puget Sound. Rare
southward.
Local distribution:
Venice 11-3-13
106. *Zalembius rosaceus (Jordan and Gilbert) Pink Perch.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1500, fig. 581)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 200)
San Francisco to San Diego, not rare.
Local distribution:

Portuguese Bend T46 30F | 12-27-13
Santa Monica T67 28F 8-13-14
White’s Point T45 30F 12-26-13

XXVIII Engraulidae (Anchovies)

107. *Anchoviella compressa (Girard)
(Stolephorus compressus)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 447)
Point Conception to lower California, abundant about San
Diego.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 177)
Local distribution:
Anaheim Landing 7-13-15
108. Anchoviella delicatissima (Girard) Southern Anchovy.
(Stolephorus compressus)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 444)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 177)
Newport Bay and San Diego.
109. *Engraulis mordax Girard California anchovy (Northern
Anchovy)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 448)
Vancouver Island to lower California.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 177)
Largest and most valuable as a food fish of our anchovies.
Local distribution:
Venice 7-31-14

17

XXIX Ephippidae (Spade-fishes)
110. Chaetodipterus zonatus (Girard) Angel fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1668)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 204)
The type of this species from San Diego, abundant from
Mazatlan to Guayaquil, Ecuador.

XXX Exocoetidae (Ilying fishes)
111. Cypsilurus californicus (Cooper) The great flying fish.
(Volador)
(Exocoetus Californicus, Jordan and Evermann)
(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 740, fig. 319)
Santa Barbara and Coronado Island, largest of the flying
fishes.
San Pedro, Santa Barbara and Coronado Islands.
112. Exonautes rondelettii (Cuvier and Valenciennes)
(Exocoetus rondeletii Cuvier and Valenciennes)
Tropical Seas, north to Florida. ;
France, and Acapulco; not uncommon in the West Indies
and in Southern Europe.
Local distribution:
San Diego, California Fish and Game Comm., Vol. V.,
No. 2, April, 1919, p. 95.

XXXI Gadidae (Cod, fishes)
113. Physiculus nematopus Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1890, p. 114)
Gulf of California and the western coast of lower California.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2548)
Coast of Southern California.

XXXII Gerridae (Mojarras)
114. Eucinostomus californiensis (Gill) Mojarra cantilena.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1369)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 196)
One specimen taken at San Diego, known southward to
Guayaquil, Ecuador.

XXXIII Gobiesocidae (Cling fishes)

115. *Arbaciosa rhessodon (Rosa Smith)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2340)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 231)
Abundant in tide pools on oceanside of Point Loma, at La
Jolla, and San Pedro, south to San Bartolome Bay.
Locai distribution:

Catalina Island Isthmus Harbor 11-27-13
fe . 11-28-13
Redondo 11-6-11
San Pedro 11-29-12
a i T51 20F 3-14-14

116. *Gobiesox papillifer Gilbert Cling Fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2330)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 231)

San Pedro; Magdalena Bay.

117. Rimicola eigenmanni (Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2339)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 231)
Point Loma; San Cristobal Bay.

18

XXXIV _ Gobiidae (Gobies)

118. Aprolepis barbarae Hubbs

(Hubbs, 1921, No. 99)
Salt marsh, near Carpenteria, California.
(This is the young of Gillichthys mirabalis)

119. Clevelandia ios (Jordan and Gilbert)

(Clevelandia rosae)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2254)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 229)
Vancouver Island to San Diego.
Local distribution:
Venice Taken in lagoon

120. Eucyclogobius newberryi (Girard)
(Jordan and Evermann III, 1898, p. 2248)
Streams of California near sea.
(Hubbs, C. L., 1921, 1926)
Brackish water, Carpenteria.

121. *Evermannia logipinnis (Steindachner)

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III p. 2256)
Gulf of California.
Local distribution:
Newport In bay
T84

“cc

Santa Monica D38 25F

122. Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper Long-jawed goby.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2250)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 225)

8-15-13

11-28-14
11-27-14

12-15-14

8-11-14

Puget Sound to Gulf of California, lives in burrows on the

mud flats.
(Hubbs, C. L., 1926)
Series from San Diego Bay.

123. Gobionellus sagittula (Gunther)
(Gobius sagittula)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2228)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 224)

San Diego Bay near Old Town, Gulf of California to Ecuador.

124. Ilypnus gilberti (Higenmann and Higenmann)

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2253)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 228)
San Pedro, south to the Gulf of California.

125. *Lepidogobius lepidus (Girard)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, IIIc, p. 2249)

Vancouver Island to Lower California. Used as food.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 225)
Local distribution:
Santa Monica T67 28F

125a. Lethops connectens Hubbs

(Hubbs, C. L., 1926b)
Tide pools of Carmel and White’s Point.

19

8-13-14

126. *Lythrypnus dalli (Gilbert)
(Gobius dalli)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, ILI, p.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 224)

2230)

Catalina Island, Catalina harbor, Gulf of California.

Local distribution:
Catalina Island

a“ “cc

T99 30F

127. Quietula y-cauda (Jenkins and Evermann)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2251)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 227)
Vancouver Island to Guaymas, Mexico.

128. Rhinogobiops nicholsii Bean

(Hubbs, C. L., 1926)

Santa Barbara Channel and Newport.

(Rhinogobius nicholsii (Bean)

(Gobius)

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, Ili, p. 2218)

(Starks and Morris, 1907, 223)

Three specimens from San _ Pedro,
Known from coast of British Columbia.

Local distribution:

Catalina Island T127 50F
SS oe T106 35F
oy T105 30F
: Oe T95 30F
S e T42 Isthmus Harbor
ss e T19

Huntington Beach T175 21F

Long Beach T54 12F

Malibu D31 21F

Newport T109 23K
i T110 21F
. T113 174%2F
oy T89

Point Fermin T12 25F

Santa Cruz T192 25F

Isthmus Harbor

apparently common.

6-16-15
6-16-15
6-16-15
3-20-15
11-29-12
8-30-17

129.*Typhlogobius californiensis Steindachner Blind goby (pink-

fish)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2262, fig. 795)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 229)
Point Firmin to Cerros Island.
Local distribution:
Point Firmin
130. Zonogobius zebra (Gilbert)
(Gobius zebra)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2226)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 223)

2-22-13
4-2-13

San Clemente Island, Todos Santos and Galapagos Island.

Local distribution:
Catalina Island T127
Newport T110

XXXV Haemulidae (The Grunters)

131. Anisotremus davidsoni (Steindachner)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1321)

53F
21F

Not rare at San Diego and the Santa Barbara Islands.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 196)
San Pedro to San Bartolome Bay, Lower California.
Local distribution:

Venice

20

8-1-19

XXXVI Hemiramphidae (The Raldos)

132. Hyporhamphus rosae (Jordan and Gilbert)
(Jordan and Hvermann, 1896, I, p. 721)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 182)
Rather common in San Diego Bay, found southward to
Guaymas, Mexico.

XXXVII Hexagrammidae (The Greenlings)

133. Ophiodon elongatus Girard! Blue “Cod” (Cultus ‘Cod’’)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 337)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1875, fig. 682)
Sitka to Santa Barbara, very abundant, reaching a weight of
30 to 40 pounds, one of the most important food fish.
134. Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas) Red Rock “Trout”
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1872, fig. 680)
Behring Island to Monterey; not rare; becoming more com-
mon northward; a very showy species, extremely variable
in color; abundant in Unalaska.
Local distribution:
Single specimen taken at Catalina Island. Identified by
Howard Hill, Los Angeles Museum.

XXXVIII Icosteidae (Ragfishes)

135. Schedophilus heathii Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1904, p. 260, pl. XX VI)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 193)
One specimen 31% inches in length taken at San Pedro.

XXXIX Idiacanthidas

136. Idiacanthus antrostomus (Gilbert)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 323)
Off Santa Barbara Island, 131 to 638 fathoms.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 605)
Off coast of Southern California, 603 fathoms.
Local distribution:
Catalina Island, California Fish & Game Commission.

XL _ Istiophoridae (Sail fishes)

137. Tetrapterus mitsukurii Jordan and Snyder Marlin spike
(Spear fish)
(Jordan and Snyder, 1901, p. 304)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 191)
Occasionally taken off Santa Catalina Island, one specimen
twelve feet long on record at Avalon.

XLI Kyphosidae (Rudder fishes)
138.*Girella nigricans (Ayres)2 Green fish (Spot ‘Perch’)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1382)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 197)
San Francisco to Guaymas, Mexico.
Local distribution:

Alamitos Bay 5-6-11
Catalina Island Isthmus Cove. 11-27-13

oi a we i 3-29-15
Rocky Point 2-9-14
Portuguese Bend 10-29-10
San Pedro 7-27-02

1Ophiodontidae, Jordan, 1923
2Girellidae, Jordan, 1923

139. *Medialuna californiensis (Steindachner) Half Moon (Blue

“Bass’’)

(Jordan and HEvermann, 1898, II, p. 1391, fig. 560)

Point Conception southward to Cerros Island, common about
rocky places.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 197)

Local distribution:
Catalina Island T42 Isthmus Cove 8-19-13

XLII Labridae (Wrasse-fishes)
140. *Halichoeres semicinctus (Ayres)! Kelp-fish (Senorita)
(Iridio semicinctus)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1592)
Santa Barbara Island to Cerros Island. Rather common in
kelp off shore.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 204)
Local distribution:
Catalina Island Isthmus Cove 11-27-13
Venice 2-16-14
141.*Oxyjulis californica (Gunther)! Senorita
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1601)
Monterey to Guadalupe. Island, one specimen taken at Sausa-
lito, San Francisco Bay.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 204)
Local distribution:

Catalina Island Avalon Bay 8-20-13

i so Isthmus Cove’ 11-27-13

ce Se T102 30F 4-1-15

142.*Pimelometopon pulcher (Ayres) (Fat-head) Sheepshead (Red
Fish)

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1585, fig. 598)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 203)
Monterey to Guadalupe. Island.
Local distribution:
Catalina Island Isthmus Cove 11-27-13
cs ue T104 30F 4-1-15
XLII Lampridae (Mariposas)
143. Lampris regia (Bonnaterre) Mariposa (Moon fish) (Opah)
(Lampris luna)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 192)
Two skins at Avalon.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 954)
Open waters of Pacific.

XLIV Lepidopidae
144. Lepidopus antusi Goode and Bean
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2843 Genus I, p. 886)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 191)
At Avalon and Cape San Lucus.

XLV _ Liparididae (Sea snails)

145. Careproctus melanurus’ Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 2135)
In depths from 178 to 339 fathoms off the coast of California,

and Oregon.

(Gilbert, 1915, p. 354)
Off San Diego, depth 169-496 fathoms.

146. Lipariscus nanus_ Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 358, p. 19, fig: 15)
Monterey Bay, 285 to 357 fathoms.

1Coridae, Jordan, 1923

22

147. Nectoliparis pelagicus Gilbert and Burke
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 358)
Coast of Southern California, throughout the Bearing Sea.
A deep pelagic form. Off San Diego, off San Nicholas Island,
Monterey Bay.
148. *Neoliparis mucusus (Ayres)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 2111)
San Francisco, one specimen known.
Local distribution:
San Pedro T220 16F 10-14-22
149. Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2141)
Alaska to California in deep water.
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 354)
Off San Diego, and north Coronado Island. Depth 161-518
fathoms.

XLVI Lophotidae
150. Lophotes cepedianus Giorna
(Jordan, 1923)
(Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 351, fig. 390)
(Calif. Fish & Game, Jan., 1920, Vol. VI, No. 1, p. 34, fig. 14)
Local distribution:
Long Beach July 25, 1919

XLVII Lutianidae (Snappers)
151. Xenistius californiensis (Stenidachner)*
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1286)
San Diego to Guaymas, Mexico. Rather common southward.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 196)

XLVITI Luvaridae
152. Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque
(Jordan and Starks, 1906, p. 72)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 192)
Off Catalina Island.

XLIX Lycodapodidae
153. Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2493)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 241)
Off Southern California and Washington in very deep water.
One station in 27 fathoms.

L Macrorhamphosidae (Snipe fishes)
154. Macrorhamphosus hawaiiensis Gilbert Snipe. fish.
(Gilbert, C. H., 1903, p. 613, fig. 237)
(Jordan, 1923, p. 176)
(Calif. Game & Fish, Jan., 1920, Vol. VI, No. 1, p. 32)

Local distribution:
Catalina Island Calif. Fish & Game Comm.

LI Macrouridae (Crenadiers)
155. Lionurus liolepis Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2593)
Coast of Southern California. Many specimens taken in 603
fathoms. Albatross station 2980.
156. Macrourus acrolepis Bean
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 376)
San Diego, Catalina Island, San Clemente Island, Monterey
Bay.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2585)

‘Xenichthyidae, Jordan, 1923

23

157. Macrourus stelgidolepis (Gilbert)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 376)
San Diego to Monterey Bay, 518-1350 fathoms.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2585)

158.. Nematonurus abyssorum Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 374, pl. 21, fig. 23)
Off Santa Catalina Island, 1350-2182 fathoms. The only type
known.

LII Malacanthidae (The Blanquillos)

159. *Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns) Blanquillo (White-fish)

Rocky Islands off Pacific Coast, abundant.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2276)

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 230)

Abundant from Monterey to Cape San Lucas and from Gala-
pagos Islands to coast of Peru.

Local distribution:
Venice 1919

LIII Merlucciidae (The Hakes)
160. Merluccius productus (Ayres) Hake
Pacific Coast of America, Santa Catalina Islands north to
Puget Sound.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2531, fig. 884)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 241)
Gulf of California to Puget Sound.

LIV Molidae (The Head-fishes)

161. Mola mola (Linnaeus) “Sun-fish’ (Mola)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1753, fig. 651)
Largest specimen known taken at Redondo Beach, California,
1893.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 205)
Found as far north as England, Cape Cod, and San Francisco.

LV Mugilidae (The Mullets)

162. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus Mullet
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 811, fig. 343)
Pacific Coast from Monterey to Chili.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p.-187)
Not uncommon in San Diego Bay. Cosmopolitan in distrl!-
bution.

LVI Muraenidae (The Morays)

163. *Gymnothorax mordax (Ayres) Conger eel of California.
(Lycodontis mordax)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 395)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 175)
Rock pools at La Jolla.
Local distribution:
Venice. 1919

164. Rabula aquae-dulcis (Cope)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 390)
Two specimens known, one from San Diego, one from Costa
Rica.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 175)

24

LVII Myctophidae (The Lantern fish)
165. Diaphus theta Higenmann and Higenmann
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 564)
Point Loma, near San Diego to Oregon in deep water.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 179)
From coast of Washington to San Diego (type locality)
deep water.
166. Lampanyctus regalis (Gilbert)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 316)
Off San Diego, Santa Catalina Island, Santa Barbara Island,
Monterey, 161-891 fathoms.
167. Lampanyctus ritteri Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 318 pl. 15, fig. 3)
Off San Clemente Island. Monterey Bay, 350-599 fathoms.
168. Macrostoma angustidens Risso Prick fish; Maire d’Amplora
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 555)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 178)
Known only from Cortex Banks.
169. Myctophum affine (Litken)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 312)
Santa Catalina Island only specimen taken from this coast.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 570)
170. Myctophum californiense Higenmann and Higenmann
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 572)
Cortez Banks, near San Diego.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 179)
171. Nannobrachium leucopsarum (Higenmann and Higenmann)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 562)
Alaska to San Diego in rather deep water, not rare.
(Starks and Morris, 1907 p. 179)
172. Nyctimaster townsendi (Higenmann and Higenmann)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 558)
Cortez Banks, near San Diego, 45 fathoms.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 179)
173. Tarletonbeania crenularis (Jordan and Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 575)
Santa Barbara Channel, Coast of Washington, only two small
specimens known.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 179)
174. Tarletonbeania tenua Higenmann and Higenmann
(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 575, fig. 575)
Coronado Islands, near San Diego. One specimen from
stomach of Sebastodes.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 179)

LVIII Nettastomatidae (The Sorcerers)

175. Chlopsis gilberti Garman

(Gilbert, 1915, p. 309)

Four specimens taken near San Diego, 191-292 fathoms.
176. Venefica tentaculata Garman

(Gilbert, 1915, p. 309)

Single specimen off San Diego, 639-671 fathoms.

LIX Ophichthyidae (Snake Eels)
177. *Ophichthys triserialis (Kaup) Snake Eel.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 384)

(C. L. Hubbs, 1916)

Common west Coast of Mexico, also recorded from La Jolla,
San Pedro and Tomales Bay.

Local distribution:
San Pedro 4-25-19
Venice 7-26-19

25

178. Ophichthys zophochir Jordan and Gilbert
(Jordan and Hvermann, 1896, I. p. 385)
(C. L. Hubbs, 1916)
Panama to Playa del Rey.

LX Ophidiidae (Cush ells)

179. *Otophidium taylori Girard
(Hubbs, Carl L., 1916, p. 166)
(Chilara taylori) (Girard)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, III, p. 2498)
Coast of California from Monterey to San Diego.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 240)
Local distribution:

Whites Point T45 30F 12-26-13

LXI Oxylebiidae
180. *Oxylebius pictus (Gill)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 338)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1878, fig. 683)
Monterey to Puget Sound.
Local distribtuion:
Catalina Island T102 30F 4-1-15

LXII Paralepididae

181. Lestidiops Sphyraenopsis Hubbs
(Hubbs, 1916),
Avalon Bay, Santa Catalina Island.

182. Sudis ringens Jordan and Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 600)
Santa Barbara Channel, California, specimen.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 181)

LXIII Pleuronectidae (Flounders)
183. Eopsetta jordani (Lockington)* Jordan’s Flounder (English
“sole’’)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2613)
Puget Sound to Point Conception, abundant in shallow water
from Monterey northward.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 242)
Food fish. One specimen recorded from San Diego.

184. Errex zachirus (Lockington)
(Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2658)
San Francisco northward..
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 246)
Southern California to Behring Sea.
185. *Hippoglossina stomata Higenmann and Higenmann2
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2620)
Coast of California.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 242)
Southern part of Lower California north to Point Conception.
Typical specimens in deep water off San Diego.
Local distribution:

Catalina Island T127 50F 3-30-16
Long Beach 5-18
Newport T109 23F 6-16-15
Point Firmin T24 4-1-13
Venice T66 27F 8-13-14
San Diego 5-19-23

1Hippoglossidae, Jordan, 1923
2Paralichthyidae, Jordan, 1923

26

186. *Hypsopsetta guttulata (Girard) Diamond flounder
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2639)
Cape Mendocino to Magdalena Bay.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 244)
Common on beaches of San Diego and San Pedro, California.
Local distribution:

Alamitos Bay 5-6-11
Anaheim Landing 7-13-15
Long Beach

Newport T87 11-27-14
San Diego 2-19-19

187. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, Vol. III, p. 2643)
Pacific Coast of North America, Behring Strait to Monterey.
(Gilbert, 1898)
Catalina Island, Station 3664, 80F.

188. *Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan and Gilbert)?
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2612)
San Francisco to Puget Sound.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 241)
Two specimens off San Pedro. Is known to San Diego.
Loeal distribution:
Newport T110 21F 6-10-15

189. *Microstomus pacificus (Lockington)

(Jordan and EHvermann, 1898, IIIc, p. 2655)
*Hippoglossidae, Jordan, 1923
Monterey to Unalaska.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 245)
San Pedro to San Diego.
Local distribution:
Off Redondo pier T169 28F 7-29-16

190. *Orthopsetta sordidas (Girard)* San Dab (West Coast)
(Citharichthys sordidus) (Girard) (Soft flounder)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2679, fig. 943)
British Columbia to Lower California.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 246)
Local distribution:

Catalina Island T156 30F 6-23-16
a es T155 25F 6-23-16

e oe T128 57E 4-1-16

ss BS T105 30F 4-1-15

“ Ne T154 20F 6-23-16

is a T162 25F 6-24-16

a ce T148 30F 6-21-16

r s PLAT 50F 3-30-16

El Segundo T188 8-4-17
= T64 20F 8-12-14
es i T63 16F 8-12-14
i ss T35 516 8-2-13
Hermosa T62 14F 8-12-14
Huntington Beach T111 23F 6-16-15
- oe T174 15F 4-5-17

a a T175 21F 4-5-17
Long Beach TQ. 13F 8-12-22
= ~ T1S81 17F 4-7-17

ef ag 12-6-19

1Bothidae, Jordan, 1923
2Hippoglossidae, Jordan, 1923.

27

Newport T110 21K 6-16-15

T112 18F 6-16-15

T113 174F 6-16-15

AMAL in the, bay 11-26-14

TS86 Ae et alee 11-27-14

us T87 iy b 11-27-14

sf TS88 ene 12-16-14

cs 25K 3-20-15

os T109 23 6-16-15

s T178 15F 4-6-17
T183 14F 4-7-17

Playa del Rey 7-29-13
a 2 ‘e OT 40 20K 8-8-13
Point Firmin T12 25F 11-29-12
“ «s T24 24K 4-1-13

ss D49 9F 11-18-22
Portuguese Bend T46 30F 12-27-13
Redondo T169 28F 7-29-16
is T61 23K 8-12-14
San Pedro 7-27-02
<e 3 T171 11-30-12
s§ rs T171 26F 12-27-16
a a 7-21-17

: “ 4 bp tts) 12F 8-12-22

. aS T216 ~ 14F 8-12-22
sf as : : T218 20F 10-14-22
Santa Cruz T192 25F 8-30-17
Santa Monica T120 7-24-15
ss 1 poi, 7-24-15

i as OT37 50F 8-7-13

x s OT38 10F 8-7-13

if 24 T115 7-17-15

rs . T116 7-17-15

sf i. T119 7-17-15
Venice T28 7-26-13
“ T31 30F 7-29-13

as T33 22K 8-2-13

ss T36 18F 8-2-13

= T65 26F 8-12-14

sf T154 50F 7-15-16

5 T186 7-28-17
Point Vincente T59 25F 6-22-14
White’s Point T45 30F 12-26-13

191. *Orthopsetta stigmaea (Jordan and Gilbert)’ Speckled Flounder
(*Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan and Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2681)
Coast of California, rare, in rather deep water.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 246)
Specimens from San Deigo and San Pedro. North to Oregon.
Local distribution:

Catalina Island T126 49F 3-30-16
oe oe 2 50F 3-30-16
rf as T128 57EF 4-1-16
= ns T130 6-14-16
rs " T159 6-23-16
Hermosa Beach T62 14F 8-12-14
Long Point T49 12-27-13
Newport T109 23F 6-16-15
e T110 21F 6-16-15
Point Firmin T143 6-17-16

1Bothidae, Jordan, 1923.

28

Point Vincente D15 6-24-14

T207 7-22-22

San Pedro 2-21-13
Santa Monica 4p alal 7-9-12
a ss T67 28K 8-13-14

s 6 T117 7-17-15

6 fs T123 25F 7-24-15
Venice T66 27K 8-13-14

192.*Orthopsetta xanthostigma Gilbert '
(*Citharichthys xanthostigma Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2680)
Lower California.
Local distribution:

Catalina Island T130 6-14-16
a ss T126 49k 3-30-16
af oe T127 49F 3-30-16
Long Beach T212 9F 8-5-22
Newport . T111 23F 6-16-15
rs T183 14F 4-7-17
§ T110 21K 6-16-15
Playa del Rey T65 27F 8-12-14
Point Firmin D50 13F 11-18-22
Redondo T169 7-29-16
San Diego 2-19
Santa Monica 11-07
oY os ; T116 7-17-15
se ss T117 7-17-15
Venice T33 22F 8-2-13
“s T165 50F 7-15-16
Vincente D15 6-24-14
193. *Paralichthys maculosus Girard? So. Calif. Halibut
(Paralichthys californicus) (Ayres)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2625)
Tomales Bay to Cerros Island, California.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 242)
Common flat fish on beaches of San Diego Bay.
Local distribution:
Anaheim Landing 7-13-15
ns ie 7-17-16
as ee 7-17-17
Alamitos Bay 5-6-11
Long Beach 3-19
Newport Bay T69 11-26-14
o if T70 11-26-14
y a T80 11-27-14
ts ss T86 11-27-14
e nf T87 11-27-14
“ if T88 12-16-14
Venice T165 7-15-16

194. *Parophrys vetulus Girard California “Sole.”
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2640)
Sitka to Santa Barbara, California.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 245)
Unalaska to San Diego.
Local distribution:
Long Beach 5-18-23
195. *Pleuronichthys coenosus’ Girard
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, 2638)
Sitka to San Diego.
(Hubbs, Carl L., 1916, p. 169)
La Jolla and Avalon, off Point Firmin D49.

1Bothidae, Jordan, 1923 2Paralichthyidae, Jordan, 1923

29

196. **Pleuronichthys decurrens Jordan and Gilbert
(Jordan and Hvermann, 1898, III, p. 2637)
Pacific Coast, U. S. South to Monterey.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 244)
Known from San Francisco to Santa Barbara Islands.

197. *Pleuronichthys ritteri Starks & Morris
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 2438)
Specimens taken at San Diego Bay and San Pedro.
Local distribution:
Newport Bay T69

198. *Pleuronichthys verticalis Jordan and Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2638)
Coast of California.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 243)
Not rare in San Diego Bay.
Local distribution:

Alamitos Bay T23 3-31-13
Anaheim Inlet 7-13-15
Huntington Beach T174 15F 4-5-17
Long Beach
Malibou 8-14-13
Newport 11-26-14
a T183 14F 4-7-17
TS87 11-27-14
Playa del Rey T29 7-29-13
e i rie OT35 512 F 8-2-13
Point Firmin 4-1-13
.s T1438 6-17-16
San Diego 2-19
San Pedro T216 8-12-22
Santa Cruz T192 25F 8-30-17
Santa Monica OT38 10F 8-7-13
ms Sf T20 7-24-15
ef si 11-07
Venice T31 30F 7-29-13
Vincente D15 6-24-14
White’s Point T108 4-10-15
199. *Xystreurys liolepis Jordan and Gilbert +
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2623)
Point Conception southward to San Diego.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 242)
Specimens from San Pedro south to Gulf of California.
Local distribution: }
Newport T89 3-20-15
Playa del Rey OT40 8-8-13

LXIV_ Poeciliidae (Killifishes)

200. *Fundulus parvipinnis Girard?
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 640)
Point Conception to Cerros Islands, California, abundant. in
bays and lagoons.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 181)
Local distribution:

Alamitos Bay 4-29-11
Anaheim Inlet 7-13-15
Del Rey 7-5-15

1Paralichthyidae, Jordan, 1923
2Cyprinodontidae, Jordan, 1923

30

LXV _ Polynemidae (Thread fins)

201. Polynemus approximans Lay and Bennett
Polydactylus approximans (Lay and Bennett)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 829)
(Jordan and Starks, 1907, p. 68)

From Guaymas to Panama.

Common at Mazatlan, once taken at Santa
San Diego.

202. Polynemus opercularis (Gill)

(Polydactylus opercularis) (Gill)?

(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 830)

Cape San Lucas to Panama.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 188)

Specimens recorded from oil painting in San Diego of speci-
mens secured from fisherman.

LXVI Pomacentridae (Demoiselles)
203.*Chromis punctipinnis (Cooper) Blacksmith
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1548)
Point Conception to Cerros Island.
(Starks and Morris, p. 203)
Cerros Island to Santa Barbara.

Catalina, and

Local distribution:
Hermosa 1917
Point Firmin VIL 25K 11-29-12

204. *Hypsypops rubicundus (Girard) Garabaldi (Gold fish)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1564, fig. 591)
Point Conception to Todos Santos Bay.
(Starks and Morris, p. 203)
La Jolla and San Pedro and Santa Barbara Island.
Local distribution:
Venice 1919

LXVII Regalecidae (Oar fishes)
205. Regalecus russelli (Shaw) Oarfish.
(Jordan, 1905, II, p. 472)
Newport, Orange County, California.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 191)
Newport and Santa Catalina Island.

LUXVIII Sciaenidae (Croakers)
206. *Corvina saturna (Girard)
(Sciaena saturna) (Girard) Black croaker (Red Roncador)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1458)
Santa Barbara to Cerros Island. Important food fish.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 198)
Local distribution:
Venice 1919
G 1-28-16

207. Corvina thompsoni (Hubbs)
(Sciaena thompsoni Hubbs)
(Hubbs, Carl L., 1921)
Local distribution:
Santa Catalina Island
208. *Cynoscion nobilis (Ayres)! White Sea Bass.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1413)
Coast of California north to San Francisco.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 197)
Many from Santa Barbara, few from Point Loma. Food fish.

South to Gulf of California.

1Otolithidae, Jordan, 1923
2Probably insufficient evidence for this species. See Starks and
Mann, 1911.

31

° 1 2
Sfatvte miles

Neutical Riles zi

Kilometers

INSERT NO. 2. THE :
Bulletin, Southern California Acader

32

MONICA B

Me UNITED STATES
ND GEODETIC SURVEY
JONE 191)

. MONICA BAY REGION
Sciences. Vol. XXVII. January,

1928.

19245, :
WASharp. del:

209. *Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres * California Bluefish.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1410)
From Santa Barbara to Mazatlan.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 198)
San Pedro to Guaymas, Mexico.
210. *Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres) King fish. “Tom cod.”
(Jordan and EHvermann, 1898, II, p. 1460)
Common, San Francisco to Cerros Island.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 199)
Loeal distribution:

Anaheim Landing 1916
i * 5-18-23
Long Beach ALS} 5F 3-24-12
ss ‘ D43 10F 10-21-22
San Pedro T216 12F 8-12-22
rs T211 8F 8-5-22
7-3-14

Venice
211. *Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard) California whiting (Corvina)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1476, fig. 570)
Southern California to Santa Barbara.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 199)
South to head of Gulf of California, north to Santa Barbara.
Local distribution:
Anaheim Landing 7-13-15
212.*Roncador stearnsi (Steindachner) Spotfin Croaker (Roncador)
(Jordan and Evermann; 1898, II, p. 1457, fig. 568)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 198)
Abundant, San Diego, north to San Francisco.
213. *Seriphus politus Ayres * Queen fish, (White croaker)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1397)
Point Conception to Cerros Island.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 198)
Common in San Diego Bay. North to San Francisco.
Local distribution:

Long Beach T43 12F 10-21-22
Portuguese Bend T46 30F 12-27-13
San Pedro T211 8F 8-5-22
Venice 5-16-12

214.*Umbrina roncador Jordan and Gilbert Yellow finned croaker,

(Yellow tailed croaker)

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 199)

San Francisco to San Diego where it is common.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1467)

Point Conception to Guaymas.

Local distribution:
Anaheim Landing 7-13-15

LXIX Scombresocidae (Sauries)
215. *Cololabis brevirostris (Peters)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 726)
Known from Tomales Bay, San Francisco, and San Diego.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 183)
Local distribution:
San Diego, California Fish & Game Commission.
216. Cololabis saira (Brevort)
(California Fish & Game, October, 1919, Vol. V, No. 4, p. 203)
Local dsitribution:
San Diego

(Hubbs, C. L., 1916. Is unable to separate his specimens of

C. brevirostris from C. saira.)

*Otolithidae, Jordan, 1923

34

LXX

217.

218.

219.

220.

221.

Scombridae (Mackerel)

Auxis thazard (Lacepede)! Frigate mackerel.

(California Fish & Game, Vol. IV, No. 4, Oct., 1918, p. 183)

Described from Japan, East Indies, and Mediterranean.

Recently taken in small numbers around Catalina and San
Pedro.

(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, Vol. I, p. 867)

All warm seas, northward to Cape Cod. Rarely re&ches
United States, but comes in large numbers.

Germo alalunga (Gemelin)* Long-finned albacore (White meat
“Tuna’’)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 871, fig. 367)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 189)
Abundant, northward as far as San Francisco. One of the
most important food fishes of Pacific Coast. Used only
when kippered or canned.

Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus)! Skipjack (Oceanic Bonito)
(Striped “Tuna’’)
(Gymnosarda pelamis (Linnaeus)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 868)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 188)
Not recorded north of San Diego.

Neothunnus macrobterus (Temminck and Schlegel)' Yellow-
finned tuna (Yellow-finned albacore)
(Germo macropterus (Schlegel)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 189)
Occasionally taken off Avalon.

Parathunnus sibi (Temminick and Schlegel)
(Paraththunnus mebachi)
(Kishinouye, K., 1921)
San Pedro

222.*Pneumatophorus diego (Ayres) Mackerel (Chub Mackerel)

223.

224.

225.

(Jack “Smelt’’)

(Scomber japonicus Houttuyn)

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 188)

(Scomber colias)

(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 866, fig. 364)

North to San Francisco, very common.

Local distribution:
Catalina 11-6-14
Venice 7-31-14

Sarda chilensis Cuvier and Valenciennes! California Bonito.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 872)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 189)
Chili to Puget Sound, abundant off Point Loma.

Scomberomorus sierra Jordan and Starks Spanish Mackerel.
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 874)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 190)
Cortez Banks southward to Panama.
Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus)! Tuna (Blue-fin Tuna) (Leaping
Tuna)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 870)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 189)
Abundant about the Santa Barbara Islands, largest of bony
fishes, reaching weight of 1500 pounds. Northward to
San Francisco.

1Thunnidae, Jordan, 1923

35

LXXI Scorpaenidae (Rock fishes)
226. Sebastolobus alascanus Bean '
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1761)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 328)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 205)
Alaska to Santa Barbara Islands, 10 to 15 fathoms off San
Diego, Santa Catalina and San Nicolas Islands.
227. Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert '
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 329)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1763, fig. 654)
Alaskan Peninsula to San Diego, in deep water. Near San
Clemente, Santa Catalina and San Nicolas Islands.
228.*Scorpaena guttata Girard Scorpion fish “Sculpin.”
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1847)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 337)
(Starks and Morris, p. 215)
Monterey to Ascension Island, very abundant about San
Diego; a good food fish.
Local distribution:

Catalina Island T96 3-31-15

es “s T136 22F 6-15-16

* T148 6-21-16
Del Rey OT34 8-2-13
Newport Bay T86 11-27-14
Point Firmin T12 11-29-12
Venice 1913

229. Sebastodes alutus (Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1790, fig. 661)
Bearing Sea to Santa Barbara, common northward in deep
water.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 208)
Santa Cruz Island.

230. Sebastodes atrovirens (Jordan and Gilbert) Guarrupa
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 331)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1797)
San Diego to San Francisco, abundant southward.
San Clemente Island.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 209)
San Diego to San Francisco.

231. Sebastodes auriculatus (Girard) Brown rock fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1817)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 330)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 213)
(Cape Mendocino to Cerros Island, very abundant.

232. Sebastodes aurora (Gilbert)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 336)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1802)
About the Santa Barbara Islands, in 233 to 267 fathoms.
Monterey Bay.
233. *Sebastodes ayresii, Gilbert and Cramer.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1808)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 211)
Cortez Banks near San Diego. One specimen.
234. Sebastodes carnatus (Jordan and Gilbert) Flesh-colored rock
fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1824)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 214)
Abundant in rather shallow water. San Diego to San
Francisco.

*See Hubbs, 1926

36

235.

236.

237.

239.

240.

241.

242.

243.

244,

245.

246.

Sebastodes chlorostictus (Jordan and Gilbert) Pesca vermiglia.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1811)
San Diego to San Francisco, abundant in deep water.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 212)
San Pedro to San Francisco.

Sebastodes chrysomelas (Jordan and Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1825)
Puget Sound to San Diego, abundant in rather deep water.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 214)
San Diego to San Francisco.

Sebastodes constellatus (Jordan and Gilbert) Spotted rock fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1806)
San Diego to San Francisco, abundant in rather deep water.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 210)

Sebastodes diploproa (Gilbert)
(Gilbert, 1915, 335)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1801)
Coast of Southern California, Coronado Islands, 24 fathoms.
San Diego, Santa Catalina and San Nicolas Islands.

Sebastodes elongatus (Ayres) Reina.
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 337)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1815)
San Diego to San Francisco, not rare in rather deep water.
Off Santa Catalina Island.

Sebastodes eos Higenmann and Higenmann
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1810)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 211)
Point Loma, San Diego, 100 fathoms.
Local distribution:
San Clemente, California Fish & Game Commission.

Sebastodes flavidus (Ayres)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1781)
San Diego to San Francisco, abundant. An important food
fish.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 207)

Sebastodes gilberti Cramer
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1823)
Coast of California, rare.

Sebastodes gilli Higenmann and Higenmann
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1811)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 212)
Point Loma near San Diego.
Sebastodes goodei Higenmann and Higenmann
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1779)
Sebastodes introniger (Gilbert)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 336)
Off San Diego, Santa Catalina and Santa Barbara Islands.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1803)
Sebastodes levis (Higenmann and Eigenmann) Cow-fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1816)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 123)
San Diego to Monterey, not rare in deep water. A food fish.
Sebastodes macdonaldi (Higenmann and Beeson)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1786)
San Diego.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 208)
Described off San Diego, length 24 inches.
Sebastodes belanostomus Higenmann and EKigenmann
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1803)
Point Loma, California.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 210)

37

249.

bo
or
bo

254.

256.

257.

Sebastodes melanops (Girard)
(Jordan and Hvermann, II, p. 1782)
Monterey to Kodiak, most abundant northward.
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 331)
Near Santa Cruz, 11 to 14 fathoms.
Sebastodes minatus (Jordan and Gilbert) Red Rock ‘‘Cod.”
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1749)
San Francisco to San Diego.
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 331)
Monterey Bay, 28 to 35 fathoms.
Sebastodes mystinus Jordan and Gilbert Black rock fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1784, fig. 627)
Puget Sound to San Diego, abundant about San Francisco in
rather shallow water.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 207)
Specimens seen in San Diego markets. Ranges northward
to Puget Sound, abundant about San Francisco. It is an
important food fish reaching the weight of five pounds.

Sebastodes ovalis (Ayres)

(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1788)

San Diego to San Francisco.

Found in rather deep water.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 208)

Rather common in San Diego markets. Ranges northward to
San Francisco.

Sebastodes paucispinis (Ayres) Bocaccio.

(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1780)

San Diego to San Francisco, abundant in rather deep water.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 207)

Abundant in deep water off San Diego and ranging north-
ward to San Francisco. It is one of the most important
of the rock fish reaching a weight of 15 pounds. The
young known as “Tom Cod.”

Sebastodes pinniger (Gill) Orange rockfish.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1793, fig. 662)
San Diego to Puget Sound. One of the most abundant
species.
(Starks and Morris, p. 208)
(Jordan and Gilbert, 1880, p. 455)
Ranges north to Puget Sound and about San Francisco.
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 331)
Monterey Bay, 10 fathoms.

Sebastodes proriger (Jordan and Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1792)
San Diego to San Francisco, in deep water, not rare.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 208)
Rather abundant in deep water off San Diego. Ranges north-
ward to San Francisco.

Sebastodes rastrelliger (Jordan and Gilbert) Grass rock fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1819)
San Diego to San Francisco, abundant southward.
(Starks and Morris, p. 213)
San Diego to San Francisco, abundant in water of moderate
depth, especially south of Point Conception, and reaches
a length of 15 inches.
Sebastodes rhodochloris (Jordan and Gilbert) Fly-fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1809)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 330)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 211)
Off Monterey and off Point Conception, San Diego, Coronado
Islands, Santa Catalina Islands.

258. *Sebastodes rosaceus (Girard) Corsair.
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 328-336)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1808)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 211)
San Francisco to Cerros Island.

259. Sebastodes ruberrimus Cramer Red rock fish.

(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1805)

(Gilbert, 1915, p. 336)

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 210)

Puget Sound to San Diego, length 30 inches.

260. Sebastodes rubrivictus (Jordan and Gilbert) Spanish flag.

(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1817)

(Gilbert, 1915, p. 337)

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 213)

San Diego to San Francisco, rather rare in deep water.

261. Sebastodes rufus Higenmann and Higenmann

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 207)

(Jordan and Hvermann, II, p. 1786)

Off Point Loma and Cortez Banks. Reaches a length of 22
inches. San Nicolas Island. Abundant from San Diego
to San Francisco, known southward to Cerros Island.
Coloration very brilliant.

Local distribution:

Catalina Island T97 3-31-15

262. Sebastodes rupestris (Gilbert)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 337)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1812)
Five specimens, the largest 514 inches, from the Santa Bar-
bara Islands. Santa Catalina Islands.

263. *Sebastodes saxicola (Gilbert)
(Jordan and Hvermann, II, p. 1798)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 331)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 209)
Abundant about Santa Barbara Islands from 44 to 155
fathoms. :
Off San Diego, north to Oregon.
Local distribution:

Long Point T59 6-22-24
Newport T110 21F 6-16-15
Portuguese Bend 12-7-11
Santa Cruz T192 25K 8-30-17
Santa Monica T67 28E 8-13-14
Venice T165 50F 7-15-16

ce T68 25F 8-13-14

264. *Sebastodes semicinctus Gilbert

(Gilbert, 1915, p. 335)

(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1800)

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 209)

Deep water in the Santa Barbara Channel, only 7 inches long.

Local distribution:
Long Point T48 30F 12-27-13
Venice T164 27F 7-15-16

265. Sebastodes serranoides Higenmann and Higenmann

(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1782)

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 207)

In deep water off San Diego, Cortez Banks.
Northern range unknown.

266. *Sebastodes serriceps (Jordan and Gilbert) Tree fish.
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1827, fig. 667)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 215)

Point Reyes to Cerros Island.

39

267. Sebastodes umbrosus (Jordan and Gilbert,
(Jordan and Hvermann, II, p. 1807)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 210)
Point Conception to Coronado Islands. Scarce.

268. Sebastodes vixillaris (Jordan and Gilbert)
‘(Jordan and Kvermann, II, p. 1821)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 337)
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 214)
San Diego to San Francisco, abundant.

269. Sebastodes zacentrus (Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, II, p. 1814)
Santa Barbara Islands.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 212)
North to Coos, Oregon.
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 331)
Near San Diego.

LXXII Serranidae (Sea Bass)

270. *Paralabrax clathratus (Girard) Rock Bass (Cabrilla)
(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 1197)
San Francisco to Cerros Island, most common species of

Paralabrax on the California Coast; an excellent food fish.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 195)
San Francisco to Todos Santos Bay (Jordan and McGregor,
1898, p. 278)

Local distribution:

Catalina Island. Isthmus Harbor 11-27-14
Newport Bay TS80 11-27-14
f . T87 11-27-14

271. *Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner) Spotted Cabrilla
(Spotted Kelp Bass)

(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 1196, fig. 498)

San Pedro to Mazatlan, everywhere common in sandy bays.
A good food fish.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 194)

San Francisco to Todos Santos Bay. (Jordan & McGregor,
1898, p. 278)

Local distribution:
Long Beach
272. *Paralabrax nebulifer (Girard) Johnny verde.

(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 1195)

Monterey to Magdalena Bay, generally common in shallow
water. A food fish of excellent quality.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, 194)

Known northward to Monterey (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880, p.
456) southward to Ascension Island (Jordan & Gilbert,
1881la, p. 278)

Local distribution:

Venice T66 8-13-14
273. *Stereolepis gigas Ayres* Jew fish, (Black Sea Bass)

(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 1137)

Coronados Island north to the Farallones. A huge fish rather
common about rocks, reaching a weight of 400 to 500
pounds and a length of 5 to 7 feet.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 193)

Often abundant in deep water, especially about the Coronado
Islands. The flesh is cured in brine and commands a

high price.

LXXIII Soleidae (The Soles)
274.*Symphurus atricaudas (Jordan and Gilbert)’ San Diego Sole.
(Jordan and Evermann, III, p. 2707)

4Cynoglossidae, Jordan, 1923
2Epinepohelidae, Jordan, 1923.

40

San Diego to Cape San Lucas, in sandy bays. Common iu
the bay of San Diego.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 247)

Abundant outside of San Diego Bay in 50 fathoms. Unknown
to the seive fisherman. Kncwn to the Gulf of Lower Cali-

fornia.
Local distribution:

Catalina Island T127 50F 3-30-16
Del Rey T65 25K 8-12-14
Malibu Point T68 25F 8-13-14
Portuguese Bend 12-7-11
Point Vincente D15 18F 6-24-14
San Pedro T216 14F 8-12-22
Venice T30 24k 7-29-13
White’s Point T45 30F 12-26-13

LXXIV Sphyraenidae (Barracudas)
275.*Sphyraena argentea Girard California Barracuda.

(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 826)

San Francisco to Cape San Lucas. Very abundant about the
Santa Barbara Islands. An important food fish.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 188)

Abundant in the open ocean, and the young are common in
the bays in the spring time. Found from San Francisco
to Guaymas, Mexico.

LXXV_Stomiatidae

276. Zastomias scintillans Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 322, plate 15, fig. 4)
Monterey Bay, 389 to 551 fathoms. The only type known.

LXXVI_ Stromateidae (Fiatolas)

277. *Palometa simillima (Ayres) California pompano.
(Peprilus simillimus (Ayres) (Rhombus simillimus)
(Jordan and Hvermann, I, p. 967)

Puget Sound to San Diego, abundant in summer, especially
about Santa Cruz; highly prized as a food fish.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 193)

Known northward to Puget Sound. One small specimen seen
at San Diego.

Local distribution:
Venice 8-

5-

“cc

15-14
16-12

LXXVII Stylophthalmidae

278. Stylophthalmus paradoxus Brauer
(California Fish & Game, Apr. 1919, vol. V, No. 2, p. 95)
(Jordan, 1923)
Local distribution:
Taken by “Albacore.”

LXXVIII Syngnathidae (Pipe fishes)

279. Hippocampus ingens Girard Sea Horse.
(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 776)
Gulf of California north to San Diego, shallow water, scarce.
One of the largest sea-horses.
(Starks and Morris, p. 186)
Pacific Coast of northern Mexico. One foot in length.
Known at San Diego, very rare. One of the largest of the

sea-horses.

41

280.

bo
i)
_

bo
wo
bo

Syngnathus arctus (Jenkins and Hvermann) Short-nosed pipe
fish. (Siphostoma aretum)
(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 771)
Gulf of California, south to Mazatlan.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 185)
San Diego and La Jolla, the Gulf of California, rare.

Syngnathus auliscus (Swain)
(Siphostoma auliscus, Swain)
(Jordan anl Evermann, I, p. 767)
North to Point Conception, not very common.
(Starks and Morris, p. 184, 1907)
San Diego, San Pedro, known southward to Panama; taken
in Magdalena Bay.

Syngnathus barbarae (Swain)
(Siphostoma barbarae)
(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 765)
Santa Barbara, one specimen known.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 185)
Known only the type from Santa Barbara.
' (Carl L. Hubbs, 1921, considers S. barbarae Swain as in-
dentical with s. leptorhynchus)

283. *Syngnathus californiensis Storer Great pipe fish.

(Siphostoma californiense, (Storer)

(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 764)

Santa Barbara northward, common south of San Francisco.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 183)

Two specimens taken at San Pedro. Known northward to
Puget Sound. Southward to San Bartolome Bay.

Local distribution:
Long Beach T3 4k 3-24-12
Venice lagoon 8-15-13

284.*Syngnathus leptorhynchus Girard Pipe fish.

(Siphostoma leptorhynchum (Girard)

(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 764)

San Francisco to San Diego, generally common along the
sandy shores.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 184)

Abundant northward to San Francisco.

Local distribution:

Alamitos Bay 5-13-11
Anaheim Landing Inlet 7-13-15
Newport Bay peek aed Bea 11-27-14

285. Syngnathus punctipinnis (Gill)

(Siphostoma punctipinne)

(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 763)

San Diego, known only from the original types.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 184)

Known only from the types taken at San Diego in 1862.

LXXIX Synodontidae (Lizard fishes)
286. *Synodus lucioceps (Ayres)

(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 539)

San Francisco to Santa Barbara, rather common in summer.

(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 178)

San Pedro and San Diego, ranges northward to San Fran-
cisco, not uncommon.

Local distribution:

42

El Segundo T64 23k 8-14-13
Malibu 8-14-13
Newport T109 23F 6-16-15
Santa Monica T120 8F 7-24-15
Santa Monica T121 15F 7-24-15
ce a T119 10F 7-17-15
cr a T115 8k 7-17-15
as ‘ T11 5r 7-9-12
Venice T33 22K 8-2-13
LXXX Tetragonuridae (Square Tails)
287. Tetragonurus cuvieri Risso
(Jordan and Evermann, 1896, I, p. 976)
Woods Hole
(California Fish & Game Commission, Apr., 1919, Vol. V,
No. 2, p. 94)

Local distribution:
Near Catalina Island, California Fish & Game Commission.

LXXXI Tetraodontidae (Puffers)
288. Spheroides politus (Girard)
(Spheroides annulatus politus)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, IIc, p. 1736)
Found at Mazatlan.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 205)
Found from San Diego to Mazatlan.

LXXXII Trachypteridae (King of Herrings)
289. Trachypterus rex-salmonorum Jordan and Gilbert 1%
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, III, p. 2599)
(California Fish & Game, Apr., 1919, Vol. V, No. 2, p. 95)
Local distribution:
Taken by “Albacore.”

LXXXIII Triehiuridae
290. Troshiurus lepturus Linnaeus Sable fish (Silver fish)
(Jordan and Evermann, I, 1896, p. 889)
Western Atlantic, north to Virginia. Lower California.
Local distribution:
Long Beach, California Fish & Game, July, 1921, Vol. VI,
Jan., 1921, No. 2, p. 179.

LXXXIV Xiphiidae (Sword fish)
291. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus Sword fish (Broadbill)
(Jordan and Evermann, I, p. 894)
Occasionally taken about the Santa Barbara Islands.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 190)
Common in open sea at San Diego in summer. North to
Santa Barbara Islands.

LXXXVI_ Zaniolepidae
292. *Xantocies frenatus (Higenmann) 2
(Zaniolepis frenatus Higenmann)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 338)
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898, II, p. 1877)
San Diego to Monterey.
Local distribution:
Huntington Beach 4-6-17
Santa Monica T67 28F 8-13-14

1Young of Trachypterus seleniris Snyder, Hubbs, 1925.
2See Jordan, Copeia, 1917, No. 49, p. 88.

43

LXXXVII Zoarcidae (Kel-pouts)

293.

294.

295.

296.

298.

299.

300.

301.

Aprodon cortezianus Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, III, p. 2461)
Cortez Banks, near San Diego. Six specimens, 266 to 339
fathoms.
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 361)
Off San Nicolas Island, 216 to 399 fathoms.

Bothrocara remigera Gilbert *
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 366, plate 20, fig. 19)
Off San Diego in 822 to 530 fathoms.

Embryx crassilabris Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, III, p. 2458)
Pacific Coast of Southern California, a single specimen
twelve inches long from Albatross, station 2839.
(Starks and Morris, 1907, p. 240)
Same as above.

Furcimanus diapterus (Gilbert)
(Jordan and Evermann, III, p. 2472)
Off the coasts of California and Oregon, 82 to 376 fathoms.
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 362)
Off San Diego, 191 to 284 fathoms. Males much less abundant
than females.

Lycodopsis pacificus (Collet)
(Jordan and Evermann, III, 1898, p. 2460)
San Francisco to Puget Sound.
Local distribution:
Huntington Beach—California Fish & Game Commission,
Apr., 1919, Vol. V, No. 2.

Lycogramma brunnea (Bean)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 364, plate 20, fig. 18)
Off San Diego, Coronado Islands.
San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina Island, Monterey Bay,
161 to 756 fathoms.

Maynea californica Gilbert
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 362, plate 19, fig. 17)
Off San Nicolas Island, 229 to 298 fathoms.

Melanostigma pammelas_ Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, III, p. 2479)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 368)
Off San Diego, near Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Barbara
Channel, 274 to 1100 fathoms.

Lyconema barbatum Gilbert
(Jordan and Evermann, III, p. 2474)
(Gilbert, 1915, p. 362)
A single specimen, off San Diego, 167 to 191 fathoms. So
far as known this species is confined to Southern
California.

*Brotulidae, Jordan, 1923

44

ISLAND

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45

INDEX TO GENERA OF FISHES

OF

(Synonyms in bold face type.)

NDC ON Agente ecmeikeny eocestale & 101
FACTO UUS serantente ae ache ere erence tlener 1
ATED Sater i toatie te ac earn te line, eckiestte 10
ALEDOCEDHaALUSs meme oe core eer 11
FAMLOS Binnsmeie re eerie ete ic Witch cone 54
AMpPhiZonOpterws jon ee pce 91
ANTNAMEUTOUE: Joo cauoeuvouebode 90
ANMEVAAOINIONWE Goocacosoobounaue 13
INTOMOVW MONE, cogcocboccvcur 107, 108
NONHOUREAINIIS, 54 pegocuuncuseenue 131
ANODLOPOMa ieee enenie e 14
NMOCEVAWIEY Soudsaccocnvauoue ily
AMTOGMON A ace m oR oe aeuie oie 293
JAN) OP HOKE) Op bStinNmeeMa a Biches oF Glo. o GucRaie ne Gee 118
AT DAGIOSA) feo tema ei nies ieee 115
ATS ONG! i: seve a ee ee iont neat eee 16
AisterotheGai aacdaceste co sree ches 2
IAStrolytes Usa ercaen eg 4 bY
AGHERINOD SW meee ieee 17, 18, 19
ATHETINODSIS eee 19
Auchenopterus ............... 30
/NTTIMOVLLOHHAEINGIS Soobccoacooopoboc 21
ATIMIS eo tices Wee clelgy abwaloeas elt 217
AVEETUNGUSHE CeCe 4
IBaliSte sine as.\ elem het coeceneke eee 22
Blennicottuses. soo oo eee 60
Bothrocanay mcs ie eee 294
ISFRACIONVAISONIS cho bagoosuedouees 92
(BEAM AR eee kaiy te lore ere 45
Brosmophycisieanece nee 46
Calycilepidotusm eos soneee ae 61
Cananaxwrn cee cei e ee 48
Careproctusi aso 145
Caitale trypxiah Senay etc msrnioce eee co eae 47
Caulolatilusreaniec ware 159
CHACNODSIST a chu nar ee eeeerreaains oul
Chaetodiprernus seen eee. 110
Chauhodustasssee eee eee 53
Chilaitiaa tive noice ror eee: 179
Chilomiyctenusiere eee eee 86
CHitOnOtusive eee aoe nee 62
Chlopsis! 3. ae coe aeons 175
CHEOMASH He aes Peers 203
Citharichthys ........ 190, 191, 192
Glevielan dias 5 7 Se eee 119
CUMMOCOAUS Socticocsadoe¢ 63, 64, 65
Clipe aaiicss Bae ese eae eee 55
Glupanodon eas: sora ecr 57
Cololabishee een enr eee 215, 216
COLVIN tok Oe: 206, 207
OMAATIAINE) Gosoadadscddacacac 58
Cry pbLotreMmaewnec emcee iran 32

46

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Cymatogaster .. ci iuserenne 93
CynOsiony.::3).53e soe 208, 209
Cy DSiLUTUS 2. oe eee 111
DamalichthiySeenacee eee 94
Dialarchus! 2e eee 66
Diaphus. nese eee 165
Diod on: 5 ies see ae 87
Hcheneis:: 2 occ ie. cae eae 88
IDponoylOlOXes} Goncanacccdescanuuss 95
1:)) 001 Oh GNP. CaP ERE PEE ANE C5 Gic ai did cu od 295
Bngraulis’ 20. 2...c 2 eee eens 109
Hnophrys 3.525) eee one 67
HOpSettal iid coer eee 183
Brrex ) 2) ol eee ee eee 184
HWtrumeus: 2: s):.c0 Gee ee 56
HUCINOSTOMUNS, - 42 ooo eee 114
Hucyclogobius = 5. see: 120
Euthyninu's) )] ec oer 207
Hvermannia/ a... one 2
Eximila e263... Ree 68
Exocoetus) ..52 2302S eae eee al?
HM XONAUTES 5. se eee eee 112
ADH OCU RKP ieueRen eyes oid diciovo ou oo 200
MUG CiImManiSis. = see eee 296
Genyonemus ................. 210
Germ o.oo 218, 220
Gibbonsia 336 oo eee 33, 34
Gillichthyse3. c.. 22 poe ee 122
Girellae 8 ke NS eee 138
Glyptocephalus ............... 184
GObIeSOR 05.0% <n ee ee 116
Gebiuss 32.25. 5 a eee 123
Gobionellus 35. --ee eee ee 123
Greeleyas .23.225 3 oe 68
Gyonosarda =]. oon oer 219
Gymnothoraxe see corer 163
Elalichoeresis. o2 eee ee 140
Heterostichus 3s. sano 35
Hexagramimos sane eee 134
Eppocampus! > ssouee eee 279
Hippozlossina e..5 ee eee 185
Holoconotus 225... o nooo 96
Hyperprosopon ............ 97, 98
Hypocritichthys .............. 99
Hyporhamphus ............... 132
Hypsoblennius ............-. 36, 37
IBDAOMDAUIS. Goo ooccecaadococcccs 100
Eby psopsettaeerinaon eee 186
IEDAOSDADOOE codonedcosccucooocr 204

NCEMMUS ec cks cae be eine a 69, 70, 71
TI@@UME: 5 b:4o Suaseseeone RO Ren ne eee 72
IidiacamtlMulSmennanie ins aes las 136
ING 7 OTIS Go:0-5:c) eo ene Cee 124
NICO: sied.o dea a latenSs none eeranae 139
ECAUSUWOMUSH ese eies cee cia 219
Lampanyctus ............ 166, 167
ILENTN OFS | So olsiaio ol ee eee eo eer 143
WB CTOCOLtUSM a ereeisi co pce eie ois cesta) = 183
Wepidozobwisy {5542-646 ee ae 125
We PtOCOUGUS) Sos. 5 5 ese ee 74
WWE PIM OPUSe ses ce cleve sd siete sie 144
Wepidopsetta 20.6. sce kes ose 187
ILOSIBIGHIOIOS Gio Syotoner Lene eoronn eee 181
Met OP Steet eas ces eels ess ae ae

WeUMESUNES) ios. se bb hoe wees e 20
ILGUMOBOSSUS cogseanucoocscund 16a
NE VOMMUNGU Share sooo oshe es ees he ee 155
ENP ATAS CUISS sp ceciny oeucce chee les uate 146
IGODMOLESH Se sais e aes «sce sense 150
Wucioblenniwss-. 5.4405... 56045 31
BAIDU Secs naiceeck oe cosa 152
ILAFOOUATDUS cocoocovocgnoudoH oe 153
ILIVEOCKORUIS soo nbescoccgccc0000 163
eV COUOPSISiee ete A ee sen 297
ILAVOQORARINNING, ooo os bod one oo 298
LAVOOMENNEA, Soccocion aoe eso ocos 301
ILAVO) OSISIMIEY: 6 3.0 ong eran hororo ene ec c 188
ILIA NAYOOWS soocccos0sbaansoue 126
Macrorhamphorus ............- 154
WEVGORMOUINE, soenndsccgnuagaee 168
WIFKGTROUNFUIS, coc oo ocaucdenbor 156, 157
IMIB SAM @EY «5 ictal St ono ssroNe eee arene Reems 299
INI@GMANWINA, S66 Seb blee eo ble ood vos 139
Melamphaes ............ 27, 28, 29
IMI@TAIGUS 2506050 60000a0c005n0 160
Melanostigma ............... 300
MIGINGICMHAPNIS oscecuocgpacco0c6 211
INTIGHOMNEHEUIS soobocososoecccoe 101
IMINGHOSIOMONUIS soosob000aadcou0 189
INIONEY. WS -b.c.5: Osea OH Ene ee ae eo 161
WIOCINOGEIAHNIAS Soconoogccdoo000 52
IWIO@IMNEENEERVAY coco cg ouuegnoe coud 60
IMT SWEATL 5 5 5 oeec Sect aeriace eta ReeBCChe Racer 162
Myctophum ............. 169, 170
Nannobrachium .............. 171
IN/ENUIGIRENIEE) g5 6 plore eece ieee eo ers 49
INE Ctoliparism acn-. -se. sos anne 147
Nematonurus ................ 157
INCOtMUMIMUS Tas adits ee ae 220
INGO CIMUST se ian. cole hake 38, 41
ING OMIM AGUS esr hain cess ett mas 148
INIVGLIMMASTEI Ts <= sae sels oer 172
OdonmtopyxdSee nes. anes eae. 5
ONiGOCOttUSI ss s228 4s ooh cee. 68
OTPMOMOPIAS aces ee ae cscs 67a
Onthopsettiar wn 2 eases 192
(OOK ON AS bea aetna Gis omy oncenen 178

OphTOROnM cc sc eee 133

QUOMIANCMONIN: cobsooootooonacaun 179
COS AIUD LIS ees neteNEnEcIe ., ANRter senna 141
OVS DIUS! ssc erctiyavo bea cee 180
PRalometarc) $20.5 sc shape diccce eee 277
IPE EEWIAIOWED< Sooo ooucdr PAW, PATOL, PANY
IPB NMIOINIOKS soe oceadocudoncuc 193
AGA ATT Se ais cue ters an, eens este 149
PATA TLE GUSH Tis cals nyc iste eed 75
Paral uns) yn aes ore ciesictves 221
IPMKOSIINDIS:. Sauoouoscdobobedec 76
IPAY ODT YS ye eee ietee sete teehae seecee 194
Reprise eactirciycacisiace pacetevarera dacs 277
PSUS peas aes woo peo Ie cere ale 56
Phanerodonen cose eerneiee 103
Phy Si Culu ste se cs cae ee eee 113
Pimelometopon .............. 142
Plectobranchus .............. 39
Pleuronichthys.. .195, 196, 197, 198
Pneumatophorus ............. 222
Roly dachylustey racer near 202
Polynemusies. ose nee 201, 202
POLICHCMY Sahn cei eriner Merete 25
PLOLOCHMUSH Gon cae een 40
IPEAPORAMENIMIS 5 co cc0ccc0nd0006 41
Quiletwlay ne was as aka eee 127
dE SFEH ONL UIE: VSM etna eat RA TURN ele 164
vad Min Seek 171, 78
Rath bunelila nee een 24
RES AC CUSHe rie ete tes e Caen 205
FVOMLON AN is, ve sacce tan cae eee 89
Rhacochiluis\ 4) 4 se eee 104
IRIMINOROMIONS sosc0b00e0e000%6 128
RIMUMNOSOMIMS sosceoachscoacdue 128
Rein Col ayes esccstee ves ee ee IGL7/
Rihtomibusi. sete ante eee 277
RoOnCadonenes oes 212
RUS CariOpSs.24] sane oka 79
EU US UDI Sues ks Sheed ck Woe eran en 80
SAT ay eae tok ee Bil pa ee 223
Sardine lila sa <j sees ace 57
San Giniiaoa ee teres ee 57
Schedophilus# ee =eene eee 135
SGClQOM ay ree ie naos yap taaire eee 206
SComber gan casa ares 222
Scomberomorus .............. 224
SConpacnay a aan eee 228
Sschedophilus ................ 134
SCOMbEnR hoa eee eee 222
SCOnpPAcnichithysS eee 81
Sebastodes), 2s5.5450 seen 229, 230,
DBI, BRA es, Bel BBs, BBO; ZH.
238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244,
245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251,
252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258,
259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265,
266, 267, 268, 269
Sebastolobus ............ 226, 227

SIphostomaterccuiuchirine or
SA KH CC 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285

SDUELOLdSS Mentone ee crete cle 288
SDDYLASN A Mem aan co atD
STALKS abet eer shies 42
SUSNEOLEDIS ayes occ eee cle 273
HOUAIMAWE couucnbeooauussuge 107
PO UCLIES Mee era crete e Sapo vty clave tenets 182
STOMA Cees eug i oaowecerd 6 oO Gole. U 26
SHAVOVO NINN Goededooocuuue 278
Shoop OAD PES) sy oS Ga oodon om boob ec 274

Syngnathus

TLACHYDUCLILS: v..ich ire neen ene 289
TYLOSUPUS: ..°.<1.:,: 3. Keene een 26
MY DDLOZODIUS 1 eee nn 129
Ulvicola.<....3.c540) 43
UMDrina ys. soa i doe 214
Veneniied, |. 5 «ibs: oceania 176
EHos oe lobe Goo dscuhoucdene 23
Kantocles: cc Cia eee 292
Xeneretmus .......... 2, 6, 7; 8, 9
XENIUStIUS | 652-7) cee eee 151
Xenochirus 22.0 cee eee 2, 6
MEMO LSTATHUS! sei creer enenenenE 12
METERDES! i.e hh Gee eee oe 44
Miphias. 2). 16:04 eens 291
MYSUtreurys) 2330.0) eee 199
Zalembius.\s.3 + dG eee 106
Zaniolepis’ 20%. Sos sgeeeoere Oe 292
Zastomias: 6.ckVe bee eee eee 276
Zesticelus: 3.3... ee eee 85
ZONogobius) sn eee eee 130

LITERATURE CITED

EIA SSE 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285
DV TLOMUSE Whar donee nie cueteroueeinie.s 286
MASI OUO Gan arose cielo tires cine nes 105
Maranadivchiuliysiwen cece 82, 83, 84
Tarletonbeania .......... 173, 174
FREUNALOMUMUS eener-perenscnarsrerreicn 287
MEtLAPLETUSss csc exo ieee 137
AMA UCHADKieal cho Guach A! Gin &:GieontONe 225
AMEE MPI 5555506 Heat Pea At crews 51
PTULCHIUNUS! eae tee ee en eae 290
Bean, T. H.

1881. A Preliminary Catalogue of the Fishes of Alaskan and

Adjacent Waters.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IV, pp. 239-272.

Based on specimens

contained in the U. S. National Museum.

1884.

Notes on a Collection of Fishes Made in 1882 and 1883 by
Capt. Henry E. Nichols, U. S. N., in

Alaska and British

Columbia, with a Description of a New Genus and Species,

Prionistius macellus.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu., IV, pp. 353-361.

Cramer, F.

1895. On the Cranial Characters of the Genus Sebastodes

(Rockfish).

Proc. Cal. Acad, Sci., Series II, Vol. V, pp. 573-610,

Plates LVII-LXX.
Day, F.

1888. Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland.

Dean, Bashford

A Bibliography of Fishes
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.

I, pp. 1-336. London.

1916 A-K, Vol. I, pp. 1-718

1917 L-Z, Vol. Il, pp. 1-702

1923 Including Indices, General Bibliographies, Periodicals
relating to fishes, Early Works, Voyages and Expeditions,
Addenda, and Errata of Volumes I and II.

Eigenmann, C. H.
1892. The Fishes of San Diego, Cal.
Proc. U. S. National Museum, XV, pp. 123-178,
Plates IXXVIII.

Eigenmann, C. H. and R. 8S.
1890. Additions to the Fauna of San Diego.
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Series II, Vol. III, pp. 1-24
1892. A Catalog of the Fishes of the Pacific Coast of America
North of Cerros Island.
Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. VI, pp. 349-358

Evermann, B. W. and Jenkins, O. P.
1891. Report upon a Collection of Fishes Made at Guaymas,
Sonora, Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, pp. 121-165, Plates I, II.

Gill, Theo.
1862. Synopsis of the Species of Lophobranchiate Fishes of West-
ern North America.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., pp. 282-284
1862a.On the Classification of the Families and Genera of the
Squali of California.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., pp. 483-501
1882. Bibliography of the Fishes of the Pacific Coast of the U. S.
to the end of 1879.
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. II, 73 pp.

Gilbert, C. H.

1890. A Preliminary Report on the Fishes Collected by the
steamer Albatross on the Pacific Coast of North America
During the Year 1889, with Descriptions of Twelve New
Genera and Ninety-two New Species.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIII, pp. 49-126.

1891. Descriptions of thirty-four new species of fishes collected
in 1888-1889, principally among the Santa Barbara Islands
and in the Gulf of California.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XIV, pp. 539-566.

1893. Report on the Fishes Collected in Behring Sea and the North

Pacific Ocean During the Summer of 1890.
Rept. U. S. Fish Comm., pp. 393-476, Pl. 20-35.

1897. Descriptions of Twenty-two New Species of Fishes Collected
by the steamer Albatross, of the United States Fish Com-
mission.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIX, pp. 437-457, Pl. XLIX-LV.

1898. Rept. of the Fishes Obtained by the steamer Albatross in
the Vicinity of Santa Catalina Island and Monterey Bay.

Rept. U. S. Fish Comm., pp. 25-29, Pl. 1-2.

1904. Notes on Fishes from the Pacific Coast of North America.
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Series III, Vol. III, No. 9, pp. 255-
271, Pl. XXV-XXIX.

1915. Fishes collected by the U. S. Fisheries Steamer “Albatross”
in Southern California in 1904.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XLVIII, pp. 305-380, Pl. 14-22.

Gilbert, C. H. and Hubbs, C. L.
1917. Report on the Japanese Macrouroid fishes collected by the
United States Fisheries steamer “Albatross” in 1906, with
a synopsis of the genera.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., LI, pp. 135-214, fig. 1-6.

Gilbert, C. H. and Starks, E. C.
1904. The Fishes of Panama Bay.
Mem. Cal. Acad. Sci., pp. 1-204, Pl. I-X XXIII.

49

Girard, C.
1858. Fishes. Pacific Railroad Survey, X, War Dept., pp. 1-400.
With atlas of 76 plates accompanying this and other ichthy-
ological papers of the same series.

Greeley, A. W.
1899. Notes on the Tide-pool Fishes of California, with a Descrip-
tion of Four New Species.
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., pp. 7-20, fig. 1-5.

Gunther, A.
1861. On a Collection of Fishes Sent by Captain Dow from the
Pacific Coast of Central America.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pp. 370-376.

Higgins, E.
1919a. Goat Fish taken in California.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. V., No. 3, p. 156.
1919b. Two rare fishes.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. V., No. 4, p. 203.
1920a. First appearance of the crested band fish.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. VI, No. 1, pp. 34-35.
1920b. Scientific work of the “Albacore” in December.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. VI, No. 2, pp. 86-88.
1921. Cutlass fish taken off Long Beach.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. VII, No. 3, p. 178.

Higgins, E. and Sette, S. E.
1921. Rare fish taken at San Pedro.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. VII, No. 3, p. 178.

Holder, C. F.
1912. The Fishes of the Pacific Coast.

Houthuyn,
1782. Verhand, Holland. Maats. Weet. Haarl., XX, p. 331.

Hubbs, C. L.
1916a. Notes on the Marine fishes of California.
Univ. Cal. Pub. Zool., Vol. 16, No. 13, pp. 153-169.
1916b. A second record of the scombroid fish Germo macropterus
from the Coast of California.
Copeia, 38.
1917. The breeding habits of the Viviparous Perch,
Cymatogaster.
Copeia, 47.
1918a. A revision of the Viviparous Perches.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 31, pp. 9-14.
1918b. Fishes of the Genus Atherinops, Their Variation, Distri-
bution, Relationships and History.
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXXVIII, Art. XIII,
pp. 409-440.
1918c. The flight of the California Flying Fish,
Cypselurus Californicus.
Copia 62.
1920a. Protective coloration and habits of the Kelp-fish,
Heterostichus rostratus.
Copeia, 80.
1920b. A note on California Species of Osmerus.
Copeia, 88.
1921a. Description of a new Sciaenoid fish from Santa Catalina
Island, Calif.
Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, Univ. of
Mich. No. 92, 94, 169, 170, 171.

50

1921b. Notes on Cottus asper and Cottus alenticus.
Copeia, 90.

1921c. Description of a new genus and species of Goby from Cali-

fornia with notes on related species.
[The Goby Aprotepsis barbarae, Hubbs is the young of
Gillichthys mirabilis. ]
Occasional Papers, Mus. of Zool., Univ. Mich., No. 99.
1921d. The latitudinal variation in the number of fin-rays in
leptocottus armatus.
Occasional Papers Mus. of Zool., Univ. of Mich., No. 94.
1921e. Notes on three Clupeoid Fishes collected by Edmund Heller
in San Felipe Bay, Gulf of California.
Proc. Biol. Soc. of Wash., Vol. 34: pp. 47-48.
1921f. The Ecology and life history of Amphigonopterus aurora.
Biol. Bull. Woods Hole, Mass. Vol. 40; pp. 181-209.

1921g. Notes on the Pipe-Fishes of California.

Occasional Papers of the Mus. of Zool. Univ. Mich. No.
100.

1925. The Metamorphosis of the California Ribbon Fish, Trac-
hypterus Rex-Salmonorum. Papers of the Michigan Academy
of Science, Arts and Letters, Vol. V, 1925.

1926a. A revision of the fishes of the subfamily Oligocottinae.
Occasional papers, Mus. of Zoology, Univ. of Mich. No. 171.

1926b. Notes on the Goboid fishes of California with descriptions of
two new genera.

Jordan, D. S.

1884. The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States.
G. Brown Goode, Natural History of Useful Aquatic Ani-
mals, Sec. I, U. S. Fish Comm., pp. 1-895. With atlas of
277 plates.

1895. The Fishes of Sinaloa.

Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. Series III, Vol. V, pp. 377-514, PI.
XXVII-LV.
1905. A Guide to the Study of Fishes, 2 Vols. Henry Holt, N. Y.
1918a. The “fat priest fish” in California.
Copeia, 54.
1918b. Note on Silversides and Sardines.
Copeia, 56.
1919a. Xanthichthys mento from Santa Catalina.
Copeia, 65.
The Genera of Fishes. Leland Stanford Junior Publications.
1919b. From Agassiz to Bleeker, 1633-1858.
Pl. II, pp. 162-282.

1919c. From Guenther to Gill, 1859-1880,
Pt., Ill, p. 284-410.

1920. From 1881-1920,
Pt. IV, pp. 411-576.

1923. A classification of Fishes, Including Families and Genera
as far as known.

Stanford University Pub. (Biol. Sci.) Vol. III, No. 2, pp.
79-243, i-x.
1924. Miocene fishes from Southern California.

Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sciences.
Pt. 2, pp. 42-50.

51

Jordan, D. S. and Evermann, B. W.
The Fishes of North and Middle America.
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 47, pp. 1-3313, pl. I-CCCXCII.
1896. Vol. I, pp. 1-1240.
1898. Vols. II, III, pp. 1241-3136.
1900. Vol. IV, pp. 3137-3313,
1903. The Shore Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands with a General
Account of the Fish Fauna.
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXIII, Part 1, pp. 1-574.
1917. The Genera of fishes. From Linnaeus to Cuvier, 1758-1833,
Tehri, yoo) leal(qile

Jordan, D. 8. and Gilbert, C. H.

1880a. Notes on a collection of fishes from San Diego, California.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. III, pp. 23-24.
1880b. List of the Fishes of the Pacific Coast of the United States,
with a Table Showing the Distribution of the Species.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, pp. 452-458.
188la. Notes on Fishes of the Pacific Coast of the United States.
Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., IV, pp. 29-70.
1881b. List of Fishes Collected by Lieut. Henry E. Nichols, U. S.
N., in the Gulf of California and on the West Coast of Lower
California, with Description of Four New Species.
Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., IV, pp. 273-279.
1882. Descriptions of. Two New Species of Fishes Collected at
Santa Barbara, California, by Andrea Larco.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, pp. 410-412.
1899. The Fishes of Behring Sea. The Fur Seals and Fur Seal
Islands of the North Pacific Ocean.
Part III, pp. 433-509, Pl. XLII-LXXXV.

Jordan, D. S. and Hubbs, C. L.

1919. Studies in Ichthyology, a Monographic Review of the Family
of Atherinidae or Silversides.
Leland Stanford Junior University Publications, pp. 1-87,
Pl. I-XII.

Jordan, D. S. and Starks, E. C.

1895. The Fishes of Puget Sound.
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Series II, Vol. V, pp. 785-854, PI.
LXXVI-CIV.
1907. Notes on Fishes from the Island of Santa Catalina in South-
ern California. :
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXXII, p. 67-77.

Metz, C. W.

1911. The Fishes of Laguna Beach, California, I.
First annual report of Laguna.
Marine Laboratory.

Smith, Rosa

1880. A list of Fishes of San Diego. A leaf published by the San
Diego Society of Natural History.
1880a.On the Occurrence of a Species of Cremnobates at San
Diego, California.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, pp. 147-149.
1881. Description of a New Species of Gobiesox.
(Gobiesox rhesodon) from San Diego, California.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IV, pp. 140-141.
1883. Notes on Fishes of Todos Santos Bay, Lower California.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, pp. 232-236.

52

1884. Notes on Fishes Collected at San Cristobal, Lower Cali:
fornia, by Mr. Charles H. Townsend, Assistant, U. S. Fish
Commission.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VII, pp. 551-553.

Snyder, J. D.
1908. Notes on two rare California Fishes.
Rimicola Eigenmanni and Plagiogrammus Hopkinsi.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. XXV, p. 183-186.

Starks, E. C.
1906. On a collection of Fishes Made by P. O. Simons in Ecuador
and Peru.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXX, pp. 761-800.
1918a. The herrings and herring like fishes of California.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. IV, No. 2.
1918b. The mackerel and mackerel like fishes of California.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. IV, No. 3.
1919a. The fishes of the Croaker family (Sciaenidae) of California.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. V, No. 1.
1919b. The basses and bass like fish of California families
Serranidae, Haemulidae and Kyphosidae.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. V, No. 2.

Starks, E. C. and Mann, W. M.

1911. New and Rare fishes from Southern California.
Univ. of Calif. Pub. in Zool., Vol. VIII.

Starks, E. C. and Morris, E. L.
1907. The Marine fishes of Southern California.
Univ. of Calif. Pub. in Zool., Vol. III.
No. 11, p. 159-251, Pl. XXI.

Starks, E. C. and Thompson, W. F.
1910. A review of the Flounders belonging to the genus
Pleuronichthys.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 277-287.

Swain, J.
1882. A Review of the Syngnathinae of the United States, with
a Description of One New Species.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V. pp. 307-315.

Thompson, W. F.
1918. Rare fish appear off Southern California.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. IV, No. 4, p. 182-183.
1919a. Young of the lade-fish discovered.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. V, No. 3, p. 158.
1919b. Alaskan black cod taken near San Pedro.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. V, No. 3, p. 158.
1919c. Cannery receive Mexican fish.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. V, No. 3, p. 158.
1920a. A Snipe fish from Catalina.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. VI, No. 1, p. 32.
1920b. The occurrence of the Japanese herring.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. VI, No. 1, p. 33.
1921. A strange rag-fish at San Pedro.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. VII, No. 3, p. 78.

Thompson, W. F. and Higgins, E.
1919. Notes from the Long Beach Laboratory.
Calif. Fish and Game, Vol. V, No. 1, p. 94-96.
Wilcox, William A.
1901. Notes on the fisheries of the Pacific Coast in 1899.
Report U. S. Fish Comm., p. 503-574.

IN MEMORIAM: SAMUEL JOHN KEESE

Samuel John Keese, a citizen of Los Angeles for forty years and
prominent in electrical engineering and scientific lines, died at the
family residence, 1509 Shatto Street, Thursday night, January 19.
Mr. Keese had a serious attack of the heart about two years ago, and
since that time has been a semi invalid, although able to attend to
his business most of the time. The immediate cause of his death
was an attack of pneumonia, which brought complications with his
organic weakness.

Mr. Keese was of Quaker stock, born in Cardington, Ohio, Novem-
ber 26, 1852. He was the son of Richard Keese and Gulielma Taber
Keese. His early education was in the primary schools of his native
city, and he later attended the Ohio Wesleyan College. He had a
strong bent for scientific and technical work from boyhood, and one
of his early achievements was to construct physical and electrical
apparatus for the institution in which he was a student. Following
his college training one of the commissions which he executed was to
install the first telephone service in the West Indies.

Mr. Keese came to California in 1887, first settling in Pasadena.
There he married_Everetta Abbott in 1889. He came to this locality
primarily in the interest of the General Electric Company, to investi-
gate the electric railroad which had recently been constructed by
Colonel Howland, and which was one of the first ventures of the
kind. In fact, the invention was not sufficiently complete to insure
the success of the enterprise, and the property was subsequently
taken over by other parties, who rebuilt and reorganized it on more
approved lines. Mr. Keese built and exhibited the first arc-light seen
in Pasadena. He also installed the lighting plant for the Mount
Lowe Railway. In 1900 he came to Los Angeles as a member of
the firm of Rhodes & Keese, and for a number of years that was
the only electrical supply house in the city. In the meanwhile Mr.
Keese formed a connection with the Westinghouse Company and
finally became their Los Angeles manager, a position which he
held for some eighteen years.

Mr. Keese identified himself with the Academy of Sciences at
an early date, becoming a member of the directorate and Treasurer,
which positions he held for more than twenty-five years. Within the
past year he was elected President of the Academy. Through this
long period he was one of the main-stays of the organization, and
his long time associates will miss him sorely.

Mr. Keese took an active part in many organizations, and held
important offices at various times in most of them. He was a member
of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, an officer of the
Commonwealth Home Builders, a Life Member of the Veteran Em-
ployers Association, and a member of the City Club, The Los Angeles
Athletic Club, and the Artland Club.

Outside of his own profession, Mr. Keese was much interested
in optics, and he constructed a device for employing polarized light
in a stereopticon, by which he entertained his friends with wonderful
demonstrations of the processes of crystallization. He was among
the first to take up color photography, and in this he achieved fine
results, delighting many audiences with his stereopticon exhibits.

Altogether Mr. Keese was a charming character, a lovable asso-
ciate and an ideal scientist. He leaves a son and three daughters:
Richard A. Keese, Mrs. June Keese Hartley, Mrs. Harriet Keese
Lamfair, and Miss Annette Keese.

W. A. SPALDING.

54

SAMUEL JOHN KEESE

1852—1928

ant

4 eMule |

7. Pa

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Southern California
Academy of Sciences

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

Vol. XXVII May - August, 1928 Part 2

CONTENTS

EARLY HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - - - - - - 61
Dr. Anstruther Davidson

STUDIES IN PACIFIC COAST LEPIDOPTERA - - - - 64
John Adams Comstock

EXPERIMENTS ON A SPECIES OF MIGRATING BUTTERFLY 69
Wilhelm Schrader

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - - - - - - 73

RECORDS OF THE LORQUIN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 74

Southern California
Academy of Sciences

os 8
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

Wir AGEOOW. PARSONS. s sc-0nisuclscwc.dceescctidonun, sacha President
DRosRORD tA. @@ARBENDTER | os2202...20 ee Vice-President
TRH RODORES UE DAMIN Ei ccoh kee nce cba cuz toe Second Vice-President
Dressed) ONDE 1 cchi ence tee 2a ecm oleh npn nec Secretary
Mr. WiILLTAM. A, «SPALDING, ....0.224. 1225.2 ith eee ee Treasurer
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Geo. W. Parsons
Dr. WittiaM A. Bryan HerBert J. GOUDGE
Dr. A. Davipson Dr. FRANK CLARK
Dr. Forp A. CARPENTER Dr. R. H. Swirt
WILLIAM A. SPALDING THEODORE PAYNE
Dr. Joun A. Comstock Dr. T. C. Low.

= Bo

ADVISORY BOARD
Mr. B. R. BAUMGARDT Dr. DeL. TASKER
Mr. R. F. Gross
= #8
ASTRONOMICAL SECTION
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT WILLIAM A. SPALDING
Chairman Secretary

ZOOLOGICAL SECTION
Dr. JAMES Z. GILBERT
Chairman

BOTANICAL SECTION
Dr. A. Davipson THEODORE PAYNE
Chairman Secretary
FINANCE COMMITTEE
Dr. A. Davipson, Mr. Wm. A. SPALDING, Mr. GEorGE PARSONS
GEOLOGICAL SECTION
Mr. Geo. W. Parsons
Chairman
PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, Dr. R. H. Swirt, Dr. M. F. BAuMGARDT
= B
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION
Mr. Witit1aM A. SPALDING, Chairman
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, ANSTRUTHER Davipson, C.M., M.D.
=
OFFICE OF THE ACADEMY
203 Hittstreet Buipe., 815 S. Hity Los ANGELES, CAL.

EARLY HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

DR. A. DAVIDSON

As the early minutes of the Academy are missing I think it may
be of interest to give some details of its origin.

On Nov. 6, 1891, a small band of scientific students met and formed
“The Science Association” of Los Angeles. Of that number Major EH.
W. Jones and I are, I think, the only surviving members. Some -years
later the name was changed, as “Christian Science’ had entered the
religious field and the notice of a science meeting led to confusion.

The primary inception of the society followed on a visit of C. R.
Orcutt a botanist from San Diego who desired to see science associ-
ations established in all the towns of Southern California to be affiliated
in one organization. This did not appeal to our members and our as-
sociation was organized as an independent unit.

Our association flourished from the beginning. Its purpose then,
as now, was to furnish free lectures on scientific and natural history
subjects. Sections were formed in geology, botany, and astronomy
for special study by those specially interested. ;

Our lectures were very well attended, proportionally better than
they are at present when the population is so much more numerous.

The advent of the movies has seriously affected attendance at the
public lectures unless they are accompanied by lantern illustrations.

In 1901 we began the publication of a monthly bulletin hoping to
continue it as such. The expense of printing was more than we could
assume so the monthly number was discontinued. Some years not
more than 2 issues were published. Now we are able to support a
quarterly issue. We may congratulate ourselves on even that modest
accomplishment as we are the only scientific body in California that
has been able to publish continuously for so many years. That we
have been able to do so is due to the enthusiastic support of our mem-
bers and especially to the late J. D. Hooker who was a generous con-
tributor to our funds when an occasional deficit appeared.

It has been the ambition of some of our members to have, some
day, a home of its own to house its library and possibly maintain a
museum. Personally I do not favor the latter as we have in The
Southwest and Exposition Park ample accommodations and facility for
study in all branches of science. Before the present museums were

61

established we conceived the idea of combining a museum building
and public library in one building in the Central Park, now Pershing
Square. Mr. Guinn of the historical society, Miss Kelso then librarian,
and myself approached the town council on the subject. Mr. Sumner
Hunt the architect presented a plan to cost $40,000 and the council
agreed to put the matter to a vote at the next election. On the ballot
there was joined to this an appropriation of $25,000 to buy the block
south of the present West Lake Park, and extend the lake.

The public looked on the latter as an attempt to load a mud hole
on the city at an exorbitant price and defeated the bonds by a small
margin. To the members of the Academy the city owes the museum
in Exposition Park. When we from our funds and donated contribu-
tions revealed the wealth of fossils in the Brea pits there was no pos-
sibility of presenting them to view except by establishing a museum.
By the efforts of Mr. Bowen who had generously devoted years of his
time to prevent the exposition park from being appropriated by the old
agricultural association; to Mr. Howard Robinson of the Audubon
Society; Mr. Guinn of the Historical Society and the members of the
Academy the supervisors were induced to consider the feasibility of
establishing a museum. Fortunately for the public and all concerned
we had an unusually intelligent body of supervisors who were heartily
in accord with us. &

The museum has been built but is already too small, so the archi-
tectural association have evolved a plan whereby the existing unit can
be gradually added to and all combined in a harmonious manner.

But for the initiative action taken by the Academy of Sciences it
is doubtful if any museum would have been built for many years to
come. The Academy has done and is doing good work for southern
California. The funds acquired by life memberships is devoted to the
publication of the Bulletin. The members ought therefore to make a
special effort to augment this fund as it is only through the printing
press that we can fill our niche in the Scientific world.

It is learned with regret that Samuel Bonsall Parish passed
away in Berkeley, Cal., June 5, 1928. He was born in Patterson, N. J.,
January 13th, 1838. Mr. Parish contributed many noteworthy botani-
cal papers to the ‘‘Bulletin.”

62

STUDIES IN PACIFIC COAST LEPIDOPTERA

(Continued )
JOHN ADAMS COMSTOCK

In the issue of September, 1927, Bulletin, So. Calif. Academy of
Sciences, p. 67, was given a description of the egg of Callipsyche benhrii
Edw. An illustration was also included on page 68. This year, in the
same district of the Tejon Mountains, in which the eggs were collected,
a large number of the larve of this species were secured by beating
the Purshia bushes. This makes possible a description of both the
larval and pupal stages.

Larva, when mature, length, 12 mm. Greatest width 3.75 mm.
Predominant color green, although a few examples show a rich brown.

There is a narrow whitish mid-dorsal line, poorly defined on the
anterior segments, and missing on the caudel segment, but clearly shown
throughout the greater part of the body. Lateral to this line, on each
of the typical segments, is a reniform dark green spot. External to
this is a diagonal series of lines, composed of yellow, white and green
elements. These give to each segment, when viewed dorsally, a sagittate
appearance. Lateral to this series of diagonal lines occurs a clearly de-

PLATE II.

a. and b.—Larva of Callipsyche behrii, dorsal and lateral views, enlarged.
e. d. and e.—Pupa of Callipsyche behrii, ventral, lateral and dorsal
views, enlarged.

63

fined substimatal yellow line, bordered below by a dark green stripe.
Inferior to this is a very narrow broken yellow line.

Head, brownish to black. Abdomen and prolegs, green. True legs
yellowish.

The entire body is covered with minute short yellowish pile. The
protruded segments and depressed intersegmental lines, together with
the mottling of yellow and green, are an excellent protective pattern,
causing the caterpillar to blend harmoniously with the foliage of its food
plant, Purshia glandulosa.

Larve were found in practically all stages of development, on May
6th, and again on May 20th. Probably the species overwinters as an

oo
>>.

Pupa.

Length, average—8 to 9 mm. Greatest width, 3.75 to 4mm. Ground
color light tan, on which blotches of dark brown are irregularly scat-
tered. A few extremely short simple hairs are scattered over the head
region and the dorsum, the remainder of the chrysalis being bare. A
few examples show a ground color over the dorsum and wing covers
that is of an olive shade. The accompanying cut gives the shape more
accurately than would a lengthy description.

1@):

The egg of a southern race of Tharsalea arota was illustrated in
our “Butterflies of California”. A large number of larve of the typical
insect were secured this spring (May 6, 1928) on Ribes cereum. From
these, the following descriptions were prepared:

Tharsalea arota Bdv. Larva, when mature, 15 mm. Greatest width
5mm. Slug-shaped as with most Lycenid larve. Ground color, green,
a little darker at the head end. Some examples acquire a rosy blush
shortly before pupation. Under magnification the dermis is seen to be
sprinkled with minute white tubercles, and to be covered with short
single yellowish-white vibrisse arising irregularly from the skin sur-
face, not from the tubercles. These are so short as to be barely dis-
cernible with the naked eye on the full grown larve.

PLATE Ii.

Larva of Tharsalea arota, dorsal and lateral view, much enlarged.

64

PLATE IV.
Pupa of Tharsalea arota.
a, b, e—Ventral, dorsal and lateral views. d—Minute hair-like
process occuring on chrysalis; much enlarged.

A double whitish line occurs dorsally, from the second dorsal seg-
ment almost to the anal extremity. This is broken at the first three
segmental junctures, but is practically continuous from then on. A
fine single yellowish iine also occurs laterally.

Head, yellowish-green, except for a slight brownish tinge about
the mouth parts. True ocelli black. Abdomen green. True legs green
except for the tips, which are brown. Prolegs green.

The same color and pattern occurs on a larva only 7 mm. long,
probably in the second instar.

Chrysalis. Length, 9.5 mm. Greatest width, 4.75. Ground color
of newly formed chrysalis, olive green, changing to a brown or mottled
yellowish-brown. On the dorsum there is a faint suggestion of a double
broken transverse line of a dirty white, over which the brown blotch-
ings are absent. In the mid dorsal area, between these lines there is a
slight intensification of the brownish mottling. There is also a sug-
gestion of a light sub-stigmatal line on the sides of the abdomen.

Under low magnification the surface of the chrysalis appears to be
finely pitted with translucent white points, but higher magnification
shows these to be minute hair-like processes with flaring trumpet-shaped
termini, aS Shown in the illustration. These are not present on the
wing covers, or along the abdominal surface. They are particularly
numerous anteriorly and on the dorsum of the abdominal segments.

As the chrysalis nears maturity the dark blotchings become heavier
and darker. There is, however, great variation in the color, some ex-
amples being very light, others almost black.

A delicate silken loop is formed by the caterpillar, for suspension
over the thorax. A few examples fail to show this, pupation with these
occuring in the debris at the bottom of the breeding cage,

65

Plebejus melissa Edw. is one of the widely distributed blues of
western North America, occurring from Kansas to the Pacific Coast. In
spite of this extensive range and comparative abundance, almost noth-
ing is known of the early stages. In the mountains of southern Cali-
fornia, melissa is well represented by the race lotis Lint. An example
of this race was observed in the act of ovipositing, and a few specimens
of the eggs secured for purposes of illustration. The single female
under observation laid most of her eggs on small pebbles close to the
base of a lupine, or on small leaves of the main stem near its juncture
with the ground.

Egg. Color, light green; shape, echinoid, the top flattened, micro-
pyle depressed, the area around it slightly raised. The surface is cov-
ered with a reticulation of raised ridges which help to form depressed
pits disposed in irregular pattern over all exposed surfaces. Where
the ridges meet there are protruding points. The floor of each pit is
finely perforated. Those pits which occur within the mocropyle are
very minute, while those around the micropyle, though slightly larger,
are of lesser size than on other surface areas. These pits grow pro-
gressively larger as the outer surface is reached.

PLATE V.

a, b—Egg of P. melissa, highiy magnified, the upper cut representing
a cross section. _ :
c.—Egg of Mel. neumoegeni, highly magnified.

In Vol. 22 of the “Bulletin” p. 69, a number of notes were given
concerning the early stages of Melitwa neumageni Skin. During March
of this year we were fortunate enough to observe the ovipositing of this
species, which thus completes the description of the life cycle, except
for detailed observations of all the larval moults.

ge. Light green, exactly harmonizing with the foliage. Measures
about 4% by % mm. Micropyle not depressed; finely pitted. Upper
half of egg covered with raised longitudinal ridges, about twenty in
number. Lower half finely pitted.

The female approached the foodplant (Aster tortifolius) by drop-
ping to the ground near it, and then crawling into the bush. The eggs
were deposited in a mass, on the under surface of a small leaf, low
down in the bush. There were 97 eggs in the cluster, deposited irregu-
larly, and close together, the centre of the mass being three deep. Ap-
proximately half an hour was consumed in the act of laying. Eggs
laid March 26th; emerged April 5.

The larve, when newly hatched are covered with long dark single
hairs, sparsely scattered over the surface. Head, blue-black. True
legs, sooty black. Body, yellowish white—also prolegs.

66

Nearccshe see estnatash aoeohaes tear inte a
se Altea mas o

PLATE VI.
67

EXPERIMENTS ON A SPECIES OF MIGRATING
BUTTERFLY
By WILHELM SCHRADER
Los Angeles, California

A number of butterfly species have the habit of migration, per-
haps the most noted of which is Pyrameis cardui, commonly known
as the Painted Lady. This designation is particularly fitting on ac-
count of the gay coloration and intricate pattern of this interesting
butterfly. It is a widely distributed insect occurring in most portions
of the globe. Much has been written concerning its habits and life
history. There are, however, several points still to be determined,
some of which concern the origin of the migratory swarms that have
been recorded. For this reason the author has undertaken a compre-
hensive study of the species.

It is obvious -that in order to produce the great aggregations of
butterflies, such as have been noted, the species must be very prolific.
To determine this fact I secured in the spring of 1927 a number of
small caterpillars for experimental breeding. To accelerate their
growth these were placed in the incubator. The resulting butterflies
were allowed to copulate in captivity. It was found that the species
is much longer lived, than the average butterfly and also that it has
the peculiar habit of copulating late in the day rather than in the
warm mid-day hours. This condition accounts for the fact that Pyra-
meis cardui is observed in flight after five o’clock P. M., while other
species have settled for rest before that time. The first pair from
the above hatching were observed in copulation May 11. These were
put in a separate wire cage with small plants of a, species of Malva.
The young larvae became so numerous that the food plant had to be
renewed three times. On the 19th day of May the same pair were
again observed in copulation which is an unusual occurrence. The
male lived until the 27th and the female was killed on the 31st, after
she had ceased laying, and owing to her damaged condition. From
this single female there resulted by actual count 685 caterpillars.
In a state of nature it is not unlikely that even a greater number
would have been produced. Thus we note not only the increased life
span of this species but also the great number of progeny.

The preferred food plant of this butterfly, notably, Malva, is plen-
tiful in this state in the early spring, but dries out during the sum-
mer. If the season happens to be favorable the spring brood of
Pyrameis would occur in great numbers and the resulting larvae
would soon exhaust the food plant. The following generation would
find insufficient foliage on which to oviposit and would not be able
to reproduce unless it migrated to a district of greater rainfall or
later season. This may perhaps account for the northerly drift of
great swarms of these butterflies in the spring of certain years. The
scarcity of Malva and related plants through the summer and fall
probably serves as a check on the reproduction of subsequent broods,
hence we do not find migration occurring in the fall.

There seems to be a provision in nature for maintaining a balance
between species. If a given insect occurs in abnormal numbers it is
soon followed by the increase of its parasites. The butterfly under
consideration has a considerable number of enemies in the form
of parasitic wasps and flies.

68

The metamorphosis of Pyrameis cardui has been described by
several authors, but a brief summary would not be out of place. The
eggs are green in color, simulating the shade of immature leaves of
Malva. They are deposited singly. The newly hatched larva first
consumes the egg shell and then for a while feeds upon the upper
surface of the leaf. Shortly it constructs a web over itself drawing
the edges of the cup-shaped leaf together and thus creating a pro-
tective covering. In spite of this protection a number of minute
parasites may gain access. One of the latter is shown in our figure 1
of plate VI. These parasites deposit their eggs on the dermis of the
caterpillar and the larval parasite burrows in and feeds upon the
tissues of its host. Cardui larvae that are parasitized by the insect
previously referred to usually succumb when about one-third grown.
The parasitic larva cuts its way out through the skin of its host and
forms an oblong silk cocoon as shown in figure 2, plate VI. The adult
parasite emerges in a few days and is ready to repeat its life cycle.

As the larva of P. cardui grows it consumes the walls of its en-
closure and is then compelled to move. During this period of its
exposure and before it has constructed a new abode it is subject to
the attack of the small fly shown in figure 3, of plate VI. The cater-
pillar thus attacked may mature and form a chrysalis before the
parasites emerge. Eventually, from 12 to 18 parasitic larvae emerge,
and form separate brownish cocoons, as shown in figure 3, of plate VI.

The caterpillars of P. cardui are exceedingly variable in color, rang-
ing from a silvery gray to nearly a solid black, the shade and in-
tensity of color being influenced by the amount of sunlight they have
received.

The chrysalis is protectively colored in gray and gold, and be-
cause of its inconspicuous pattern is not often observed.

When disturbed it frequently sets up a wagging motion, vigor-
ously jerking itself from side to side, in a manner calculated to dis-
courage the attack of smaller enemies. The chrysalis is attached
at the extreme tip of the abdomen, and is suspended by a number of
minute hooks fastened into a tuft of silk.

Practically all insect larvae are subject to parasitic attack. Figure
4 of our plate shows the caterpillar of a small moth with a portion of
the 324 minute flies which emerged from it. Figure 5 of the same
plate illustrates 20 parasitic wasps with their pupal cases, which re-
sulted from another parasitized caterpillar. The last two figures are
examples of that remarkable phenomenon of polyembryony (i.e. many
individuals from a single egg) as noted by Prof. W. S. Showalter.

Pyrameis cardui can stand a wide range of temperature. IJ have
subjected chrysalids to a continuous dry air environment at 116 de-
grees Fahrenheit and had them emerge in the remarkably short time
of three days and twelve hours. The lightly colored example shown in
figure 6 resulted from such an experiment.

In contrast to the above, figure 7, a dark example, was subjected
to moist air at 40 degrees F. for four weeks, at the end of which, it
emerged without the temperature having been raised above that point.

When we observe the marked change in color and intensity of
markings in a single generation, resulting from different temperatures,
it is more easily understood that a given species, subjected to a cold
climate for countless generations has a fixed color pattern differing
from that of the same species residing in a location of high tempera-
tures. Seasonal color changes are also explainable for the same
reason,—since the marked contrasts between the spring and fall, or
the wet and dry seasons in certain regions, would subject the sea-
sonal broods of caterpillars to vastly different thermal influences.

69

Figures 8, 9, and 10 of our plate illustrate some of the interesting
aberrations of P. cardui which are occasionally observed during a
short period of the summer season. There has been much specula-
tion as to the causes of these peculiar color and pattern changes. The
author is carrying on a series of experiments in an effort to answer
these questions, the results of which will be published in a subse-
quent issue of this Bulletin.

ry WML

-

The Southern California Academy of Sciences announces the
publication of a book entitled

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY and LOS ANGELES
EARTHQUAKES.

by the eminent geologist
R. T. HILL
The expense connected with the publication of this work precludes
its being included in the exchange list, for distribution to institutions
that are exchanging publications with the Academy.

This work will be of special interest to the student of Geology and
Seismology. In it are given an explanation of the natural causes of our
beautiful scenery and charming climate. Southern California is a
great out door geologic museum. The layman is offered a key that
will add enormously to his enjoyment of this unique playground: the
student of geology or physical geography will find this an indispen-
sable guide.

Orders may be placed with the Secretary of the Academy, or sent
direct to

DR. JOHN A. COMSTOCK,
501 Edwards-Wildey Building,
Los Angeles, California.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Regular meeting was held in the Auditorium of Los Angeles Public
Library, December 6th, 1927 at 8 P. M. The lecture of the evening was
given by Colonel J. R. White, Superintendent of General Grant and
Sequoia National Parks whose subject was “Sequoia Park and the Big
Trees.” The talk was illustrated by beautifully colored lantern slides,
and all who attended, were filled with desire to visit our California
giant groves.

Regular meeting was held in the Auditorium of the Los Angeles
Public Library January 3rd, 1928 at 8 P. M. Alfred Cookman, M. S.,
President of the Nature Club, and instructor in biology in the Poly-
technic High School, gave an address on “Two Creatures Feared and
Hated by Man.” The reference being to spiders and snakes. The
speaker illustrated his instructive talk with lantern slides and speci-
mens from his collection, both living and preserved. Much time was
given to the most deadly of insects the “Black Widow” and valuable
advice given to those who might be so unfortunate as to be victims of
its bite. Interesting statistics were given as to the relative toxicity
of the venom of these animal groups. To offset this unsavory power
of these creatures the lecturer spent time in speaking of the beauty of
workmanship and architectural ability of the Arachnide# and the many
good points of the reptiles, often lost sight of by Man in his instinctive
fear of the whole group.

Regular meeting was held Feb. 17th at 8 P. M. in the Public Library,
“The National Parks and Policies Governing their Protection,’ was
the subject of the evening, and was illustrated by lantern slides and
reels of film depicting the natural beauties of our parks. We had three
speakers, Hon. Stephen T. Mather, Director of the National Park Ser-
vice, Horace M. Albright, Supt. of the Yellowstone, and Cl. J. R. White,
Supt. of Sequoia. Time was devoted to showing the care taken by our
government in preserving these natural wonderlands, and in answer
to criticisms by those not fully informed.

Regular meeting was held in the Artland Club Auditorium on Feb.
20th. A Danish musical program was followed by a lecture on “The
Dutch East Indies,” by Baron Thoe Swartzenberg who illustrated the
life of his people in this distant colony by beautifully colored slides.
The result of the talk was the realization of the masterful colonizing
ability of the Hollanders, and a desire to know better the interesting
natives of those islands.

Regular meeting held in Auditorium of Public Library on March
6th. The subject of the evening was “The Antiquity of Man,” by Dr.
John A. Comstock, who traced the evidence of Man from the earliest
discovery of a primitive brute to the coming of those prehistoric artists
who painted and carved the walls of the caves of Southern France.
The talk was illustrated by lantern slides, instructive charts and dia-
grams, and flint implements of early European Man from the collection
of Dr. R. H. Swift, showing clearly Man’s rise to the dominant figure
we find him at the dawn of history.

Regular meeting of Academy held in Auditorium of Public Library
April 3rd. “The Lily, Iris and Orchid of California” was the subject of
the address of the evening by F. M. Fultz, illustrated by beautiful lan-
tern slides of these flowers from his new book on the subject.

al

Regular meeting in the Auditorium of the Polytechnic High School
was held April 10th. An illustrated lecture by Mary Proctor, noted
English Astronomer and daughter of the late Richard A, Proctor, was
given on “The Romance of the Sun and Moon,” a wonderfully told
story of Man’s progress in his knowledge of the Universe in which he
lives.

On April 13th the first monthly meeting of the newly formed
Archeological Section of the Academy was held in the County Museum,
An illustrated lecture on “The Ruins of the Mesa Verde,” by Dr. J. A.
Comstock was followed by a discussion on recent finds placing the
Antiquity of Man in America by the members of the section present.
Invitation to join this new section, and take active part in its work
was extended to all members.

May 1, 1928. A lecture was held in the L. A. Public Library, the
subject being “The Islands of the Santa Barbara Channel’, presented
by Mr. Norman Stewart of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural His-
tory. The speaker touched on the history, archeology and geological
formation of these comparatively little Known islands of our southern
coast. His presentation gave strong influence to the plea for the acquir-
ing and preservation of Santa Cruz Island, under the administration of
the State Parks Commission.

Cea ER MES

On May 11th, the second meeting of the Archeological Section of the
Academy was held at the Los Angeles Museum. The Section showed a
very gratifying growth in greatly increased attendance. The program
was given by Mr. C. Warren Temple, and was illustrated with slides
prepared from the speaker’s photographs. The subject, “Araba Petra”
was presented in a graphic and entertaining manner, and gave a vivid
impression of the rock-hewn temples and marvelous preservations of
this closely guarded Greco-Roman citadel. Mr. Temple made three
trips to the mountain encircled valley of Petra, where few travelers have
been able to penetrate. His photographic successes while there were
made possible largely through his knowledge of the Bedouin language,
customs and religious prejudices, and his personal friendship with
certain chiefs.

May 17th, 8:00 P.M., in the Lecture Hall of the Artland Club.
The Astronomical Section sponsored a lecture by Mr. Harry K. Sargent,
on “Stars and Planets”. This was a popularization of the subject of
the planetary relations of our solar system, illustrated with lantern
slides.

DR. R. H. SWIFT, Secretary.

72

RECORDS OF THE
LORQUIN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The informal discussions held monthly by the Lorquin Entomologi-
cal Society have brought to our attention many interesting observa-
tions concerning the species of Lepidoptera peculiar to the arid regions
of California. Desert collecting this spring has been unusually pro-
ductive, but the light, early rains have caused the butterflies to emerge
from one month to six weeks sooner than is usual. Plebejus emig-
dionis, for example, was recorded as early as April 2, by Dr. J. A.
Comstock, while previous experience has shown the latter part of
May to be the normal season for this small blue, which flies on the
banks of the Mojave River, near Victorville.

An exceptional catch of two rare species, Anthocharis cethura and
Euchloe creusa race lotta was recorded by Mr. F. W. Friday for March
15, near Little Rock, on the north side of the Sierra Madre Mountains.
Mr. Friday captured 100 of the former, and 200 of the latter species
in a few hours.

Mr. Charles Ingham, returned from Arizona, exhibited specimens
of Anthocharis pima taken on Tucson Hill about March 15, where
they flew in abundance in company with a few Papilio bairdii.

Dr. Comstock announces the determination of Drudeophytum
parishii as the larvel food plant of Papilio pergamus by the capture
of a female in the act of oviposition. The plant grows sporadically on
the slopes of Sheep Canyon, near Wrightwood, where Dr. Comstock
also netted seven of the large yucca-boring skipper, Megathymus
NAVAjO.

At the April meeting, Dr. Lyman J. Muchmore of the Los Angeles
Museum lectured on “Beetles and How to Know Them,” illustrating
his lecture with specimens of the lead-boring beetle, the burying beetle,
several lady-bird beetles, and many brilliantly-colored exotic Coleoptera.

ons

The work of the Southern California Academy of Sciences is carried
on entirely through the generosity of private citizens, who are suf-
ficiently interested in the advancement of education and cultural
endeavor to donate funds or make bequests to the Academy. As a
guide, in the matter of bequests, for those who plan to further this
program, the following forms are suggested:

Form of Legacy

To be used when it is desired to leave the Academy any personal
property, such as money, stocks, bonds, works of art, or other objects
of value.

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dispositions and benefits thereof forever.

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ofthe Cityvot Tos wAmgeles =| (es ee cece ee ee
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together with the appurtenances, in fee simple, and all policies of
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74

BULLETIN of the SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
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Te 1. January,
He J ememmreLn clinvs
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es GE ee rs he
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i OE Ade WIE RI Os
We pa = 74, AON
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eon tueebarys. AMIE.
we Pils OS Al lf,
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= 23;* <<. 6.) November;
ORE el Vener,
le ag MIE AZ,
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74 SS le Jehan aye
ENS Se INTE AS
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7 Ay 2 a Denon.
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ER Se NIB

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76

mel hLE TIN OF :; THE

Southern California
Academy of Sciences

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

Vol.XXVII_ Sept.-December, 1928 Part 3

CONTENTS

FRITILLARIA HUTCHINSONI = = =
Dr. Anstruther Davidson

STYLOPHYLLUM ANOMALUM = = =
Dr. Anstruther Davidson

STUDIES IN PACIFIC COAST LEPIDOPTERA
Dr. John A. Comstock

THE BEAK OF PARAPAVO CALIFORNICUS
Hildegarde Howard

PINUS EDULIS ENGELM. OCCURS IN CALIFORNIA =
Edmund C. Jaeger

PROCEEDINGS SOUTHERN CALIF. ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES = = a — - = = = =

REPORT OF THE LORQUIN SOCIETY - = > =

Issued December 31, 1928.

Southern California
Academy of Sciences

= 8
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Bee GE OM C-ARSONS: 2015. 8 lotta ee ee President

Drea boRDm Ac: (CARPENTER: 22a lo ue. Vice-President
SPEIEODORE MAY NE :.2 2. Second Vice-President
TDR, LER, TERUG. cS As as ea le se ie Rn ora Secretary
ViRARENVSUIRTEWAUNE A. (SPALDING) 2202-2 tos -es. 8 ee Treasurer
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT Geo. W. Parsons
Dr. WittiaM A. Bryan Hergert J. GOUDGE
Dr. A. Davipson ID Ra RVAUN Ean @ BARI
Dr. Forp A. CARPENTER Dy, ING Jal Syyanese
WILLIAM A. SPALDING THEODORE PAYNE
Dr. Joun A. Comstock IDR, I. Ca Lowy

= 8

ADVISORY BOARD
Mr. B. R. BAUMGARDT IDR, IDS IE, INAS I<INR
Mr. R. F. Gross
= @
ASTRONOMICAL SECTION
Dr. Mars F. BAUMGARDT WILLIAM A. SPALDING
Chairman Secretary

JK OQOQWUOGUCGAME, SIBCANlOIN
Dr. JAMES Z. GILBERT
Chairman
BOTANICAL SECTION
Dr. A. DavipDson THEODORE PAYNE
Chairman Secretary

FINANCE COMMITTEE
Dr. A. Davinpson, Mr. Wn. A. SpaLtpinc, Mr. GEorRGE PARSONS
GEOLOGICAL SECTION
Mr. Geo. W. Parsons
Chairman
PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, Dr. R. H. Swirt, Dr. M. F. BAUMGARDT
= 8
COMMITTEE TON EUBEIEADION
Mr. WitiiAM A. SPALDING. Chairman
Dr. Joun A. Comstock, ANSTRUTHER Davipson, C.M., M.D.
= &f&

OFFICE OF THE AGADEMY
ZOE ESTRERT BEDGS OlonS. linn Los ANGELES, CAL,

Fritillaria Hutchinsoni

PLATE VIII

78

V FRITILLARIA HUTCHINSONI n.sp.

Dr. A. DAavipson

Bulbs subtended by numerous rice-grain bulblets; stems 4-5
dm. high, smooth, lower leaves in whorls of 7, linear-lanceolate, 5-6
em. long, 5-7 mm. wide; racemes 10 flowered; flowers greenish,
umbellate, not blotched ; perianth segments ovate lanceolate, 12 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide with an ovate lanceolate central purplish patch;
pedicels sharply curved, 114%4-21% cm. long; filaments 3 mm. long;
anthers 2 mm. long; pistil 5 mm. long, styles connate throughout ;
fruit unknown.

Type No. 3652. Wiscovered by Mrs. W. W. Hutchinson on
Glenville grade between Summit and Kern Co. Park; April 28,
1928.

In general appearance this plant resembles F. mutica gracilis.
It differs in size and color of perianth and in the form of the pistil.
From F. Brandegie it differs in having no hairs on the perianth
segments.

a STYLOPHYLLUM ANOMALUM n.ssp.

Dr. A. Davipson

Caulescent and woody at base, branching above; basal leaves
4 cm. long, light green, linear, terete, slightly flattened at base;
flowering stems several, 3-5 dm. high, rather weak, paniculately
branched, leafy throughout, the leaves 5-15 mm. long, turgid, ses-
sile and clasping at base; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; calyx lobes 3
mm. long, acutish; corolla 10-12 mm. long, white with a faint green
central stripe; petals lanceolate-ovate acute, 4 mm. wide slightly
overlapping at base but not united; stamens linear, 5 mm. long
every alternate one adherent to the petal; anthers red; carpels
united at base, spreading moderately.

Type No. 3653. Cultivated by Robert Kessler from specimen
found on Coronado Islands.

This species can be distinguished from all the other Stylophyl-
lums in having the petals non-adherent at the base and the cauline
leaves clasping the stems. The form of the petals is also char-
acteristic.

STUDIES IN PACIFIC COAST LEPIDOPTERA

(Continued )

Dr. Joun A. CoMstTock

KARLY STAGES OF CALEPHELIS AUSTRALIS Epw.

Through the courtesy of Commander C, M, Dammers, of
Riverside, we have received examples of the egg, larva, and pupa
of the Southern Metal-mark, Calephelis australis, which enables
us to describe and illustrate the early stages of this exquisite little
insect.

EGG: echinoid, about .6 mm. in diameter; a little more than
half as tall as it is broad. Color of the main body of egg, a reddish
wine, of the reticulations, glistening white.

Micropyle: depressed, finely reticulated, and surrounded by a
circular raised white ring, which is minutely pitted over its sur-
face. From this ring radiate 18 to 20 raised partitions or ridges,

PLATE IX
Ege of Calephelis australis Edw. greatly magnified.

80

which connect with the walls of a series of hexagonal cells. At
the point of juncture of these walls or partitions are raised white
points. The remainder of the surface is covered in quite regular
manner by rows of hexagonal cells, beautifully sculptured, their
floors showing the beautiful lustrous wine color, and the walls
crystalline white, with raised papille at the points of juncture,
Seem mare OC Kioures avand |b)

LARVA: last instar; ground color, greyish-white, the dermis
profusely studded with raised white nodules, which under high
magnification are seen to be many-pointed branching stars of a
crystalline white. There is a greyish mid-dorsal line, poorly de-
fined, on each side of which occurs a line of nodules, bearing long
filamentous white hairs. On the first few segments these nodules
are single on each side, but from the fourth segment back they
are doubled, making four to the segment. The posterior pair in
each group are black and relatively more prominent. There is
also a substigmatal row of these hair-bearing tubercles. The stig-
mata are yellow, and above each one 1s a lighter, irregularly squared
area, margined superiorly with black.

Head; yellow, with brownish black blotchings, and short
stubby hair. Ocelli; shaded at their bases with brown; mouth
parts of the same color. Abdomen and legs, yellow. See Plate X.

PLATE X
Mature larva of Calephelis australis Edw. enlarged.

This caterpillar is so protusely supplied with long white hair
that it is difficult to observe its various parts. Particularly is this
true of the head, which is hidden under a long fringe.

PUPA. Length, 9.5mm. Greatest width 4mm. Color, pre-
dominantly a light grey-green, somewhat translucent, the posterior
segments tinged with light brown.

Thorax not strongly protruded, bearing a few short bristles.
A faint mid-dorsal line, more strongly defined posteriorly. A few
short bristles are scattered irregularly over the abdominal seg-
ments. There is a series of rather poorly defined tubercles bearing
tufts of short bristles, placed sub-stigmatally.

The wing covers are bare, with a series of elongate triangular
spots near their margins. A few small spots and shadings are dis-
posed on the surface of the pupa, as shown in the accompanying

81

illustration, Plate XI, Figures a, b, c. No suspending girdle or
button has been observed, the larva pupating on the ground.

The larva and pupa were described from a single example,
hence it is impossible to record the range of variation in color
and pattern. Commander Dammers states that in ovipositing, the
female flies into the bush, and crawls down to the point of juncture
of two lower limbs of the foodplant, Bebbea juncea, where the egg
is deposited in the crotch. The larva feeds upon the greenish cov-
ering of the stems.

PLATE XI
Pupa of Calephelis australis Edw. enlarged.

ae

EARLY STAGES OF PAPILIO PERGAMUS

This season has been a particularly favorable one for the
observation and collecting of that rare butterfly of the southern
Sierras, Papilio pergamus. In the early spring we reported the
foodplant, in one of the meetings of the Lorquin Club, and this
was followed by a number of our members collecting eggs and
larvae.

Through the generosity of Mr. Hal Newcomb and Mr. F. C.
Morand in donating ova, and of Mr. John Garth of Long Beach
in presenting us with larvae, we are enabled to record the early
stages, and prepare drawings illustrative thereof.

EGG. Spherical, pearly yellow, with irregular blotchings of
brown: probably a clear yellow when first laid. The color changes
to a bluish or purplish shade just prior to emergence. See Figure
b of Plate XII.

82

PLATE XII

Egg and larva of Papilio pergamus

a.—Head, greatly magnified. b—EHgg, greatly magnified. ¢—Larva,
first instar, greatly magnified. d.—Mature larva, enlarged.

LARVA. First Instar: body dull black, covered with numer-
ous jet black branching spines. -Head, glistening black, covered
with short simple vibrissae. The first thoracic segment bears
three branching spines on each side, the two largest pointing some-
what anteriorly. There are two white points close to the juncture
with the head in the mid-dorsal line, and eight or ten similar points
close to the posterior border of the segment, the remaining portions
being black.

The second dorsal segment has a few white points (6 or 8)
close to its posterior border. This segment bears six large branch-
ing spines, and two rudimentary spines near the middorsal area.
The third segment is solidly black except for two minute points
on the anterior border, frequently hidden by the segmental fold.

83

It bears the same number of spines as the second segment. The
fourth segment is similar to the third except for being entirely
black.

The segment which bears the first pair of prolegs has eight
small white spots, the largest being at the base of the proleg. The
next posterior segment bears a broad irregular white band over
its upper half, and a small white point on each side, lateral to the
white saddle-like mark. The rudimentary spines of the mid-
dorsal area are absent on this segment. The remaining segments
are more or less typical, except for the few white points close to
the anal area, as shown in our illustration.

A tuft of black hair occurs at the posterior end of the anal
segment.

Abdomen, dull black. Prolegs, dull black, covered with minute
hair. True legs, shiny black. See illustration, Figure c of Plate
XII. Immature larva, second or third instar: Head, shiny black,
covered with minute vibrissae. First thoracic segment, ground color
dull black. There are 10 spines, 5 on each side of the mid-dorsal
line. These are small, but otherwise of the usual branching char-
acter. The second from mid-dorsal line are the largest of the
series. Anterior to these spines are 4 yellow spots, and posterior
thereto are 8 or 10 similar in color and character.

The next dorsal segment has the same arrangement of spines,
but with 8 yellow spots posterior to the spines only.

The next two segments are entirely black, the spines similar
in number and character, except that the small spines next to the
mid-dorsal region tend toward suppression, and one spine on each
side laterally is lost.

The next segment, on which are the first pair of prolegs, is
jet black, except for 8 small quadrate white spots on its posterior
margin, and a large white spot on each side just above the base
of the proleg.

The next segment is largely covered with white on its dorsal
aspect, giving place to black on the. latero-inferior area. On this
segment the two small tubercles next to the mid-dorsal line have
been entirely suppressed. Minute black hairs are noted protrud-
ing from the white surfaces, which are similar to those covering
the entire body of the caterpillar, but are here shown in greater
contrast.

The next two segments are entirely black, the spines being
similar to those on other typical segments. Posterior to these,
the next segment 1s black except for one small white spot, postero-
laterally placed.

The next caudal segment has three large white spots on each
side, on the black ground color.

The anal segment has one large white spot at the anterior
base of the largest spine on each side, and a small pair of similar
spots immediately above the anal orifice on each side.

84

Abdominal region, black, but of a less intense shade.
True legs, jet black.

Mature larva, last instar: ground color grey, of a soft vel-
vety texture, each segment striped and blotched with black and with
numerous yellow points.

Head: ground color yellow, mouth parts greenish yellow.
The face is marked anteriorly by an upright triangle of shiny black,
slightly open at the superior juncture. The ocelli are black or
yellow, and rest on a shiny black oval. There is an elongate
black area along the lateral edge of the face at its point of juncture
with the first body segment.

The first dorsal segment is edged anteriorly with yellow,
and has a broad band of velvety black stretched across it. The
second segment is grey, with a saddle of black across it, and two
yellow points at the side where the saddle ends. The next seg-
ment is similar except for a large blotch of black just above and
in front of the base of the leg. There 1s a yellow sopt on a grey
field, laterally placed on this segment. The next two segments
are grey with an orange spot each side of the mid-dorsal line,
back of which, (and partly surrounding the orange) is a saddle-
like black spot. Laterally there is a spot of yellow on each side,
just below the stigma, surrounded by an irregular black area.
Similar markings with slight variations, occur on all other seg-
ments.

The true legs are yellow, with black on their upper surfaces
and the false legs (prolegs) are a yellow-grey ground color, with
large black spots on the sides. The abdominal surface is of a
greenish grey shade. See Figures a and d of Plate XII.

PUPA. Length, 1% inches for the average individual. The
color is variable, ranging from a mottled brownish black to a

PLATE XIII
Pupa of Papilio pergamus Hy. Edw. slightly enlarged.

85

light sandy grey. In shape it 1s somewhat less robust than in
selicaon, with the anterior points less protruded. The form is
accurately depicted in Plate XIII.

PLATE XIV

Egg and immature larva of Nathalis iole Bdv.
Both figures greatly magnified.

Earty STAGES oF NATHALIS IoLE Bpv.

EGG. Color, orange yellow. Length approximately 1 mm.,
width .33 mm.

Shape, elongate, tapering at both ends, somewhat as in
Eurema. The neck slightly constricted, the surface smooth, with
barely perceptible colorless striations running longitudinally. There
are approximately 30 of these fine lines running through the
central robust portion of the egg, but these are reduced by fusion
with adjacent lines as the constricted ends are approached.

Described and drawn from a single example sent to me by
Com. Dammers. See Plate XIV, Figure a.

LARVA, newly emerged.

Length 1.25 mm. Color olivaceous, the head jet black, and
bearing a few short vibrissae of same shade. There is a slight
suggestion of a mid-dorsal line, lateral to which is a row of single
black hairs, arising from dark papillae. A second and third row
occurs lateral to the first as shown on our figure. See Plate XIV,
Figure b. There is also a sub-stigmatal row, placed too far
ventrally to show in our drawing.

Larval foodplant, Bidens pilosa.

MATURE LARVA. Two examples were submitted to us
by Com. Dammers, which are widely dissimilar and show a con-
siderable range of variation in the species. One of these is a solid
dark green, entirely lacking the mid-dorsal stripe, and with only a
faint suggestion of a stigmatal creamy line. The two cervical
tubercles protruding anteriorly are faintly tipped with pinkish red.
The second example is more characteristically colored, as follows:

Ground color, dark green. The dermis appears smooth under
low magnification, but under higher power is seen to be granular
in appearance. Each typical segment is divided into approxi-
mately five secondary folds, along the center of which are a number
of single short colorless hairs (though an occasional example is
dark), arising from greenish tubercles. At the base of each
tubercle the dermis is of a slightly darker shade, surrounded by
an irregular lightish green area. The median band is chocolate
brown, and is free of tubercles and hairs. The stigmatal line is
a well-defined creamy yellow, edged above with chocolate brown.
There are two cervical tubercles pointing anteriorly, rose-pink in
color, with a number of protruding hairs. The true legs are green,
slightly shaded with brown at their tips. Prolegs, green. Head
green, covered with short colorless pile. Ocelli, brown at the base,
greenish at apices. Mouth-parts green, shaded at the tips of the
protuberances. Length, 15 mm. See Plate XV, Figures a and b.

The color pattern of this larva is an excellent adaptation to
the food plant—Bidens pilosa which is the same shade of green,
and bears chocolate-brown stripes along the stems.

87

PLATE XV
Mature larva of Nathalis iole Bdv.
a.—Head and cervical segments, enlarged.
b.—Side view of larva, enlarged.

PUPA. Length 11 mm., greatest width 234 mm.

Color green, profusely mottled with minute white points over
the dorsum and abdominal segments. Stigmata, white. The form
is shown in Plate XVI, Figures a and b.

PLATE XVI
Pupa of Nathalis iole Bdv., enlarged.

88

EGG aNnD IMMATURE LARVA OF ARGYNNIS APACHEANA SKINNER

Mr. John Garth, of Long Beach, observed a female of Argyn-
nis apacheana in the act of ovipositing, and secured a single
ovum, which has been placed at our disposal.

The egg was laid on a sprig of dried grass, in the vicinity
of violets, the observation being made in Round Valley, Inyo
County, California. For figure see Plate XVII.

EGG: Sub-conical, approximately 1 mm. high by 1 mm.
broad at the base. Color, at first, cream, speckled with brown,
changing to a dirty white with purplish mottlings. In the single
example before us there are nineteen longitudinal ridges, between
which are depressed troughs with numerous fine cross striations.

LARVA, newly emerged. Length 1.75 mm. Ground color
of body, olivaceous. Head, brownish-black over crest, shading
to olivaceous around the mouth. Ocelli black. A number of
long vibrissae protrude from the surface of head, which are of
an olive shade.

On each typical segment there are six single tubercules ar-
ranged in rows, three on each side of the median line, and below
each stigma occurs a double tubercle. These tubercles are black-
ish and glistening and each one bears a single olivaceous long
hair. The first cervical segment differs from the typical in having
the four dorsal tubercles united to form a single plate.

The anal segment also bears a similar plate.

Legs, prolegs and abdomen, olivaceous.

PLATE XVII
Egg of Argynnis apacheana Skinner.
a. Side view of egg, greatly magnified. b. Micropyle, greatly magnified.

89

THE BEAK OF PARAPAVO CALIFORNICUS (MILEER)

HiLpEGARDE Howarp, Los Angeles Museum

In 1927 the writer presented a review of Parapavo californicus
(Miller), the California “Peacock”’.* This review comprised a
detailed study of the main skeletal elements of Parapavo, with
the exception of the mandible and beak. Comparisons were made
with the existing turkeys, MJeleagris gallopavo and Agriocharis
ecellatus, and with the peacock, Pavo cristatus. It was concluded
that Parapavo occupied a position in the family Meleagridae some-
what intermediate with regard to Meleagris and “Agriochari IS,
though tending toward greater similarity with Agriocharis.

A description of the mandible was omitted at the previous writ-
ing due to the scarcity of specimens of this element and to the
fragmentary nature ot those which were available. The beak of
Parapavo was not known at that time. No additional specimens
ot mandible are at hand, but fourteen, heretofore unidentified
beaks, included in the collections of the Los Angeles Museum,
have now been identified as Parapavo. These specimens are of
a large gallinaceous bird, ‘but were not recognized as such at first,
because of their relatively great breadth; they are decidedly broad-
er and flatter than the modern Meleagris gallopavo. Comparison
with Agriocharis, however, shows the beaks to be unmistakably
meleagrine, with Agriocharis intermediate in relative breadth be-
tween Parapavo and Meleagris.

The following table of measurements includes only five
specimens of Parapavo. The other nine are on exhibit in the Los
Angeles Museum and are not available for measurement.

Table of Measurements
Breadth** Depth 7Ratio of Depth to Breadth

Meleagris gallopavo
Ee MilleesGoll aie /7mm: 5 im: 42%

Agriocharis ocellatus
eeeMvaller Goll:
No. 19851 12.8 5.0 39

Parapavo californicus
L. A. Museum Coll.

No. K2477 15. Sal 33
K2476 14.8 Dell 34
K2474 14.7 Bl 34
K2475 14.7 4.7 31
K2478 14.7 4.6 31

A Review of the Fossil Bird, Parapavo californicus (Miller), from the
Pleistocene Asphalt Beds of Rancho La Brea. H. Howard, Univ. Calif.
Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci. Vol. XVII, 1927, pp. 1-62.

**Measurement taken on a line with external nares.
yMeasurement taken approximately 4mm. anterior to external nares.

90

In its closer resemblance to. Agriocharis than to Meleagris,
the beak of Parapavo agrees with the cranial portion of the skull.
The conclusions previously set forth, regarding the relationships
of Parapavo, are therefore substantiated by a study of the charac-
ters of this bone.

Pinus Edulis ENGELM. OCCURS IN CALIFORNIA.

During the latter part of March of the present year I jour-
neyed into eastern San ‘Bernardino County and spent a number of
days in the New York Mountains. This is a rather picturesque
range of granite and metamorphosed lavas lying close to the Colo-
rado River. It rises to an elevation of 7500 feet and the higher
portions of the range have a sufficient rainfall to encourage a
growth of scrub oaks, pinons and junipers.

While descending the main peak my eye fell upon a two-needle
pion tree standing among one-needle specimens of Pinus mono-
phylla. Further search revealed many of the trees, a goodly num-
ber of which bore fresh cones of the previous season. Inasmuch
as the range of Pinus edulis extends to nearby areas along the
Colorado River in the vicinity of the Grand Canon it occurred to
me that this tree might also occur within the limits of our state.
The question was also raised that it might be merely a two-needle
form of Pinus monophyila. Accordingly specimens of the branches
and cones were collected and brought home for further study.
Sections of the needles reveal that the number and arrangement of
the resin ducts is that given as indicators of Pinus edulis Engelm
(See Tidestrom, Flora of Utah and Nevada, p. 53). The cones are
uniformly smaller than those of Pinus monophylla as are also the
nuts. The local residents when questioned said that they had noticed
that there were two sizes of nuts and that the smaller nuts always
occurred on the trees bearing needles in bunches of two. Every
character studied thus indicates that the tree is truly Pinus edulis
and that we have a new tree to record for the state. Specimens
have been deposited at the Pomona College Herbarium.

EDMUND C. JAEGER,
Riverside Junior College.

91

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ACADEMY OF SCLENCES

May 15, 1928.

Regular meeting of the Academy was held in the Library
Tuesday, June 5,at 8 P. M. The address of the evening was, “Old
China of Yesterday.” An intimate illustrated story of the life and
art of old Cathay, by Dr. Edward T. Thwing, who has spent
thirty years in the Orient. For some years the speaker was Educa-
tional Advisor to the Chinese Republic. Account was given of the
contrasts of the Oriental Mind with the Western viewpoint. The
development of Chinese writing and literature was shown in its
relation to the mind of the people.

The annual meeting and banquet was held in the City Club,
Monday, June 11. Reports were read by the president, secretary,
treasurer and editor of the Bulletin. The president spoke of the
history of the Academy, many of the early members being present.
The secretary made a plea for increased membership, and for
active participation in Academy affairs by the members. The treas-
urer assured the Academy of its financial stability and bright
outlook.

B. R. Baumgardt, F. R. A. S., and past president, gave the
address of the evening on, “The Millikan Cosmic Rays and Their
Bearing on Our New Conception of the Universe.’ The develop-
ment from the ancient Greek concept to our present understanding
was attractively presented. The history of Dr. Miullikan’s dis-
covery, the remarkable properties of the ray, such as penetrating
nineteen feet of lead due to its minute wave length, and its probable
origin in the “birth of matter,’ were handled in the speaker’s usual
masterful way. Those fortunate enough to be present agreed that
it was a superb popular presentation of this difficult subject.

The season was started by an address on, ““The Worlds Around
Us.” by Harry K. Sargent in a beautifully illustrated talk on man’s
recent advances in the study of the universe. It was a novel pre-
sentation in Mr. Sargent’s usual good style. Some time was given
to locating our sun in the stellar universe, to the enormity of some
stars, and to the finds of other groups outside of the cluster of
which our sun is but an insignificant member. This lecture was
given September 18 in the Library.

The Archeological Section held its first monthly meeting of
the season in the County Museum. Arthur Woodward, formerly
with the Museum of the American Indian, spoke on “Wampum,
and Early Trade with the Indians.”’ It proved to be a very instruc-
tive talk on a very important phase of early contact with the Red
Man. He pointed out from original sources, that while beads were
used as barter among the early Indian peoples, that the great trade
in Wampum was fostered by the Dutch, who placed it upon a com-
mercial basis, so that it became used even by the whites of the

92

colonies up to quite modern time. Numerous examples were
shown from the speaker’s collection. The usual informal after-tallk
meeting proved most interesting as many phases of Indian craft
and history were discussed by the speaker.

Regular meeting of the Academy was held at the Library on
Tuesday, October 16. George W. Parsons, our president, spoke
on “Arctic Alaska in the Gold Days.” The talk was illustrated
by slides made in the far North, about Nome, in those stirring days
at the start of this century. The numerous personal touches caused
to live again the trials and tribulations of men gone mad in the
lust for gold, many wholly unprepared to stand the hardships of
this land of the “Midnight Sun.” Incidents of the dishonesty of
officials, foiled by the law-abiding citizens, formed a rather amus-
ing portion of the lecture.

Dr. R. H. Swirt, Secretary.

RawORA OF rk LOROUIN ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCHUEIML Ol OS ANGLES

The meeting of September 28, 1928, was of particular interest
because of the many productive summer trips of Lorquin mem-
bers. Enterprising entomologists have collected in the Sierra
Nevada Range north to Mt. Shasta, in the Colorado Rockies, and
in the mountainous regions of Arizona and Nevada.

Mr. F. W. Friday and Mr. Charles Hill, returning from a
three weeks’ stay at Gold Lake, declared the predominant species
of that section to be Melitaea hoffmani and palla, Euphydryas
sierra, and several species of the complex genus Argynnis.

Mr. George Malcolm exhibited a remarkable series of Pseudo-
hazis eglanterina and the dark form, shastensis, all collected in
Northern California in the vicinity of Mt. Shasta. In June Mr.
Malcolm took specimens of Melitaea acastus and Euphydryas
olancha at Casa Diablo Lake, Mono County.

Mr. Morand, who visited Charleston Peak, near Las Vegas,
Nevada, in July, brought back several hundred of the rare Plebejus
shasta, specimens of the latter being even darker than the normal
form comstocki. In addition, Mr. Morand was fortunate in
obtaining a good series of a number of the genus Euphydryas
hitherto unknown, which flies at elevations varying from 8,000 to
11,000 feet.

Mr. J. S. Garth and F. G. Wood, who collected in the Monache
Meadows of Tulare County, were unable to secure specimens of
Melitaes pola monache, known only from types taken by Dr. J.

93

A. Comstock in 1924; but succeeded in netting Argynnis mor-
monia, Lycaena rubidus and editha, and Plebejus aquilo podarce
in abundance.

Commander RK. M. Dammers, a recent and most valuable ad-
dition to the Lorquin membership, reports fall collecting in the
neighborhood of Riverside quite productive. Mr. Dammers has
recently contributed to our knowledge of the western butterflies
by working out the life histories of Nathalis tole and Calephelis
australis.

JOERIN SS sGAKe Es
Secretary Lorquin Society.

The work of the Southern California Academy of Sciences is carried
on entirely through the generosity of private citizens, who are suf-
ficiently interested in the advancement of education and cultural
endeavor to donate funds or make bequests to the Academy. As a
guide, in the matter of bequests, for those who plan to further this
program, the following forms are suggested:

Form of Legacy

To be used when it is desired to leave the Academy any personal
property, such as money, stocks, bonds, works of art, or other objects
of value.

I give and bequeath unto “Southern California Academy of
Sciences,” of the City of Los Angeles, the sum Of.....-.......2--2222-222-------2--------
Dollars: To have and possess the same unto the said “Southern Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences,” its successors and assigns, to the uses,
dispositions and benefits thereof forever.

Form of Devise
To be used when it is desired to leave real estate to the Academy.

I give and devise to “Southern California Academy of Sciences”
of thesCity of Tos Angeles). (2212. cicte tech otis
here describe the property or ground rent..............--..------------0----------- ye
together with the appurtenances, in fee simple, and all policies of
insurance covering said premises, whether fire, title or otherwise, free
from all taxes: To have and to hold the same unto the said “Southern
California Academy of Sciences,” its successors or assigns forever.

94

BULLETIN of the SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ACADEMY of SCIENCES

Published by the Academy at Los Angeles, California,
Subscription—$2.00 per year

Free to Life Members and Unlimited Annual Members of the Academy.
(Annual Membership Fee $5.00)

Address all communications to Dr. John A. Comstock
501 EDWARDS-WILDEY BLDG.,
Los, Angeles, Cal., U. S. A.

Publications of the

Southern California Academy of Sciences

The Academy has published to date the following:

PROCEEDINGS. 1896 to 1899. Six numbers—Vol. 1, Nos. 1 to 6.
MISCELLANEOUS BULLETINS issued under the imprint of the Agri-
cultural Experiment Station—1897 to 1907. Ten numbers.

All issues of the above are now out of print.

Bulletin of the
Southern California Academy of Sciences

Began issue with Vol. I, No. 1, January, 1902. Issued ten numbers in
1902, nine numbers in 1903, 1904, 1905; three numbers in 1906. Issued
two numbers annually from 1907 to 1919, both inclusive (except 1908— -
one issue only). Issued four numbers (January, May, July and Octo-
ber) in 1920.

Dhemlo2t issues anes Volk Xex No; 1 “April: Volk Xe No! 2)
August; Vol. XX, No. 3, December.

The 1922 issues are: Vol. XXI, No. 1, March; Vol. XXI, No. 2,
September.

The 1923 issues are: Vol. XXII, No. 1, March; No. 2. July.

The 1924 issues are: Vol. XXIII, No. 1, January-February; No.
2, March-April; No. 3, May-June; No. 4, July-August; No. 5, Septem-
ber-October; No. 6, November-December.

The 1925 issues are: Vol. XXIV, No. 1, January-April; No. 2,
May-August; No. 3, September-December.

The 1926 issues are: Vol. XXV, No. 1, January-April; No. 2, May-
August. No. 3, September-December.

95

All of the above are now out of print, with the exception ot the
following, which may be secured from the Secretary of the Academy

at the appended prices:

Vol. 3, No. 7. October 1904 mre Of
© An aoe! MIVLeLY, 1905°. cet 25
: 6, A, Awl, L907 . 25

kK 1. January, 1908 ans;
: See el yereumainys VOLO sa ee 1.00
; Wy ES Ab Ns, 1G!) ORME A So Ml

U0), 8! Pe Abily, 1S EE er Se nn UU
, i al eho bieheig V903 nck ae eee 50
ee lity 7 Ph, Away WONG), soli. t8-us-0-i 0 50
Dalle SMS Ase ed blhiz, OM Sitges. - ae ee 25s. ee Bile
ee aly ME PR bay, LO AO Seeety aes a ee er ab Js
“ l§), al, Menwenny, 1920) <2. ee 23
Loe 4 October 1920) to eS ee 25
6 Pilg Pal Nyfeneli LOA ne. 25
2 OCtODer: 922) vee As)
Pp Fe lente ay, 1923: 2.2368. 50
Sos et) GE A AO bec W923. 6 tele Le 25
C 285 © il, dammensy, WO 24 2 wi tae a ee 25
OR EF, Wileyeelay, W924) Aes ee A 25
OB 88 Bi INTE O24 iO A arene 25
ChB EA aN, O24 Res So ee 25
f= 235 <))65s sseptembery 1924. PAS)
te 2 ane nt ANOVEMDeTA 5 O24: he ioe a P45)
AL OS le enalienAy, TODD. ce Sa 25,
CS A Eh MIE NOD nae ee es 25
ne 4d 8385" September 2 bre cee Lp 25
ey, Yl Hehweneye W926 eke 5 50
a OE ee MIE L2G ee Lae 25
cS 20% er on WepPLemMpery ao O2 6h ak ee 25
— 7 al, dieuamenay, W920 eee a .25
CG Be AN oe W927) ew. et Bo 25
2 AG, @ 38% Seoiweimlee WAY 1, ee 25
SP, Al, UEbENAy MODS. 2 ee .25
2) Ala, mers OIE RY O28: 225 3 .25
filha etoom September, 7 928°). a. ee 25

The Academy is desirous of completing its files in certain issues
and will appreciate the donation of all numbers by members who have
no further use for back issues. Address all communications concern-
ing the above to:

Dr. JoHN A. ComMstTock
Southern California Academy of Sciences, 501 Edwards-Wildey Bldg.

Los Angeles, California.

96

Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences

VOL. XXVII, 1928

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

Academy, history of —............... 61
a4 proceedings _........ 71, 92
Argynnis apacheana ................... 89
Calephelis australis _................ 80
Callipsyche ‘behrii -...................... 63
Fishes marine of S. Cal. ............ 1
Fritillaria Hutchinsoni _............. 70
In Memoriam: Samuel John
ICC Serer ee ois Merl ear ns 54
Lorquin Society records ........ 73, 93
Melitaea neumoegeni .................. 66

INathialliss10] Cie ee 86

Pacific Coast Lepidoptera,
Studiesiing =e 64, 80

Papilio) pergamus) 22 82

Parapavo californicus, beak of..90

Painuisheduiliis pin Callies 91
Pyrameis cardui, migrating
habitse ae Se sete ea 68
Stylophyllum anomalum. ............ 79
Tharsalea arota 2... 64

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Davidson, Anstruther ............ 61, 79
Comstock, John Adams ........ 64, 80
Garjtheviohni Sites 94
GreeleysePaull Oo 22S as. i
Howard, Hildegarde .................... 90

Jaeger, Hdmund C. ....-...---........-.- Ot
Schrader, Wilhelm .................... 69
Spalding, William A. .................... 54
Siwiit Ro bleed 72, 93
(Wile yaePANlIb ©: Seen ences 1

New species indicated by bold face type.

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