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- , pp. 536-537, pl. n i, ligs. 9-12.
4. Dislomum areolatum Rudolphi. Intestine. 7, pp. 279, 293-294, pl, xxxix, figs. 60-63.
5. Cysts with irernatode ova. Liver, etc. 6, p. 537. 7, p. 279.
Centropristes striatus (, Serranus atrarius) , Sea Bass, Black Bass.
FOOD.
Fish, squid, crabs (Eupagurus, Panopeus, Platyonichus, etc.).
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus serrani. Peritoneum. 3, pp. 534-535, pl. lix, figs. 73-79.
2. Echinorhynchus sagittifer Linton. Peritoneum. See 1, pp. 493-496, pl. vi, figs. 1,2. 3, pp. 535-536,
pl. lix, fig. 80. July 30, 1889; in cysts on viscera.
3. Echinorhynchus proteus Westrumb. See I, pp. 496-497, pl. vi, figs. 3-5. 3, pp. 537-538, pl. lx,
figs. 85-88. Found among cysts collected in 1884.
NEMATODES.
4. Immature nematodes ( Ascaris ).
Found frequently in the mesentery, often very abundant. General characters are nearly uniform
diameter, tapering at each end; tail mucronate. Agree with forms found in Pornalovms, Cynoscion, etc.
Twenty-three bass, examined July 30, 1889, had each a large number of these worms, m most cases
in a tangled mass on the mesentery and pyloric caeca. Many of these might be referred to the indefinite
species Ascaris capsularia.
5. Filana rubra Leidy. [Pl. xv, figs. 188-191.]
Found under the skin of a bass, Washington, D. C., October, 1891. Collected by Miss Sophia
Oberheimer. The worm was bright red when alive. Dimensions of alcoholic specimen, in millimeters:
Length, 125; diameter of head 0.4, 5 mm. from anterior end 0.65; median 0.8, 5 mm. from posterior
end 0.75, one-half millimeter from posterior end 0.4.
CESTODES.
6. Rhynchobothrium, larvae encysted on viscera. 4, p. 793, pl. lxh, fig. 12. 7, pp. 279-280. Aug. 4, 1900.
7. Rhynchobothrium imparispine Linton. On viscera. 4, pp. 799-801, pl. lxiv, figs. 9-12.
8. Larval ceslodes (Scolex polymorphus Dujardin) . Free in intestine. See 4, pp. 789-792. Aug. 4, 1900.
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
457
Lobotes surinamensis, Flasher.
ACANTHQCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus pristis Rudolphi. Intestine. Variety tenuicornis. 3, pp. 531-532, pi. lvi, tigs.
39-41, and pi. i/vii, figs. 42-53.
NEMATODES.
2. Immature nematode ( Ascaris ). Intestine. Collected Aug. 6, 1887. [PL xn, figs. 140-142.]
The worm is finely wrinkled transversely, tapers equally to head and tail; the tip of the latter is
conical and covered with minute bristle-like but short papilla?. Dimensions in millimeters: Length,
11.25; diameter of head 0.12, 1 mm. back of head 0.32, maximum 0.34, 1 mm. from posterior tip 0.27,
at anal aperture 0.11; length of upper lip, 0.08; distance from anal aperture to posterior tip, 0.11;
length of oesophagus, 2.16.
3. Ichthyonema globiceps Rudolphi. Peritoneum. Aug. 3 and 6, 1887. [PI. xvnr, figs. 209, 210.]
Two specimens in the first lot, 510 mm. and 580 mm. in length and 1.48 mm. in diameter. They,
are of nearly uniform diameter throughout and bluntly rounded at each end. The intestine is dark-
brown for two-thirds of its length, white for the remaining third. It ends blindly at its posterior
extremity. When the worm was subjected to pressure the young were discharged in vast numbers
from a point about I mm. from the anterior end.
Dimensions of embryos in millimeters: Length, 0.4; diameter at larger end 0.008, maximum
0.013; smaller end attenuate, appearing as a mere line even when highly magnified. There are four
dark-brown granular masses scattered along the middle region of the body and among them several
light-colored reiractile bodies. A slight notch was noticed at the larger end of some. A favorite
position is with the larger end bent rather sharply ; the slender end is often likewise bent, so that the two
ends point toward each other. Where they occur in the greatest abundance in the parent worm they
give to the latter a plump, even distended, appearance. After they have been discharged the parent
is transparent, collapsed, much contracted, and quite irregular in outline, in places flattened and
shriveled. The larger end is said to be the anterior. I was not acquainted with this assertion at the
time of viewing the living worms, but supposed from the appearance and behavior of these embryos
that the slender end is the anterior.
CESTODES.
4. , Synbothrium Jilicolle Linton. On viscera. 4, p. 815.
TREMATODES.
5. Gaslerostomum ovatum Linton. Intestine. 7, p. 297. (Linton: Monostomum orbiculare Rudolphi.
<», pp. 541-542, pi. liv, figs. 2-5.)
Stenotomus chrysops, Soup.
FOOD.
A few food notes were given in my report for 1898, pages 280-281. In the summer of 1899 I
examined 58 large and 51 small scup on 17 different occasions from July 20 to August 30. In the
stomachs of the larger, small fish and squids were most frequently found, but annelids, crabs, shrimps,
amphipods, rnollusks, and hydroids were also noted. The smaller contained copepods and other
small crustaceans. Some small specimens from Katama Bay, August 30, had in their stomachs
annelids, small Crustacea, and small crepidulse.
Twenty-six scup were examined in the summer of 1900, with practically the same results as given
above, viz, fish, small Crustacea of various kinds, annelids, small bivalve rnollusks, and a young
sea-urchin. Intestinal contents of a specimen taken August 29 revealed plates from the body walls
of a holothurian. A few ova of Distomum pyriforme were seen in this material along with the
holothurian plates, spines of annelids, and vegetable debris.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus acus Rudolphi. On viscera. 3, p. 527.
2. Echinorhynchus sagittifer Linton. July 24, 1900. See I, pp. 493—496, pi. vi, figs. 1,2. 3, pp. 535-
536, pi. lix, fig. 80.
458
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
NEMATODES.
3. Ascaris sp. [PI. vm, figs. 65-69.]
A small lot of ascarids in the IT. S. National Museum collection from a scup. which had been taken
from the stomach of a cero ( Scomber omorus regalis). These are thickest about the middle, rather more
slender anteriorly than posteriorly; lateral alse for about 1 mm. back of head; tail somewhat slender
and prolonged beyond the anal aperture, decidedly suppressed; body crossed by fine transverse lines,
best seen toward posterior end. Dimensions in millimeters: Length, 45; diameter of head, 0.23, 4 mm.
back of head 0.48, 10 mm. back of head 0.68; median, 1.28, 1 mm. from posterior end 0.45, at anal
aperture (ventral view) 0.28; distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.85.
4. Immature nematodes {Ascaris). [PI. x, figs. 110-116; pi. xi, figs. 117-120.]
Very common in body cavity on viscera. Found in at least 75 per cent of the scup examined in
the past two summers; also noted repeatedly in previous years. A careful study of these forms is
needed in order to fix their position. Some of them with the characteristic head of Agamonema, after
the removal of the cuticle, revealed the unmistakable jaws of Ascaris. Measurements of one are given
'in 7, p. 280. I add, for the purpose of comparison, measurements in millimeters, of a specimen from
the viscera of a scup collected July 24, 1899: Length, 20; diameter, anterior 0.12, middle 0.5, at anal
aperture 0.24; diameter of oesophagus, anterior 0.07, middle 0.08, base 0.12; length of oesophagus, 1.25;
distance to nerve ring 0.57; distance of anal aperture from posterior end 0.45. In this specimen there
was an intestinal diverticulum, short, bifurcate, prolonged cephalad, and a longer, more slender
prolongation of the oesophagus. These immature forms a re probably identical with those in the blue-
fish, squeteague, and others. Figures 117, 118 are sketched from a specimen collected by Mr. R. E.
Earll, at Charleston, S. C., March, 1880. The capsules were mostly club-shaped, arcuate, or straightish;
cuticle very finely transverse striate. Length, 22 mm.; diameter, 0.33 mm.
C'ESTODES.
5. Rhynchobothrium imparispine Linton. Encysted on viscera. Found in 1899. See 5, pp. 799-801.
6. Rhynchobothrium speciosum Linton. On viscera. 5, p. 802.
7. Rhynchobothrium. Encysted on viscera. 5, p. 796, pi. lxiii’, figs. 10-13. 7, p. 280. Found in
1899 and 1900 in a large proportion of the scup examined.
8. Tetrarhynchus bisulcaius Linton. Stomach wall. 5, p. 810.
9. Larval cestod.es (Scolex polymorphus Dujardin) . Free in intestine. 7, p. 280. See 4, p. 791. Seen
frequently in 1899 and 1900.
TREMATODES.
10. Distomum vitellosum Linton. [PI. xxx, figs. 333, 334.] See 7, p. 290, pi. xxxvii, figs. 38, 39.
Seen often in 1899 and 1900, but always in small numbers. 1 append notes made on a specimen
taken August 23, 1900. Worm small (1.2 mm. when at rest), very active while in sea water and salt
solution, neck extremely mobile, stretching to thread-like thinness and contracting until the suckers
were close together; general outline, proportions, and appearance of the body undergoing constant and
perplexing changes; acetabulum much larger than oral sucker and kept expanded, i. e., its walls when
the specimen was viewed from the side forming a semicircle or widely open C. When placed in fresh
water the worm soon became turgid, with neck reflected, acetabulum contracted until its walls were
close together, and distinctly pediceled. See under Clupea harengus, Paralichthys dentatus, etc.
11. Distomum sp. [PI. xxxi, fig. 346.]
I here place certain small distomes, which appear to be near D. pyriforrrie, if not identical with
that species, but until more material is available and a careful comparative topographical study of
these small forms can be made it will be better perhaps to leave them without specific designation for
the present. These are small, usually oval, flattened, white distomes, with minute spines. They were
most numerous in small scup, seen frequently (but in small numbers) in this and other hosts. The
identification of these distomes is difficult, on account of the spines, which apparently fall off easily.
See No. 21 under Paralichthys dentatus, No. 11 under Rhombus triacanthus, and No. 15 under Pornatomus
saltatrix. One of these distomes, collected August 29, 1900, was placed under slight pressure and seen
in favorable conditions. Spherical bodies with concentric structure were present in the excretory
vessels, and the cirrus was seen to be spinose. A cell from the germ gland was seen entering the shell
mold. It appeared to be attached by a slender pedicel for a few seconds. It was surrounded by
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
459
spermatozoa, which were in active motion. Small masses of yolk, smaller than the germ cell, were
also seen entering the mold. The distome noted in 7, p. 296, pi. xxxix, lig. 72, is a closely related
form. See also No. 3 under Lagocephalus lievigatus.
12. Distomum appendicidatum Rudolphi. 7, p. 289, pi. xxxvi, tigs. 25, 26. One specimen found in
this host Aug. 9, 1899.
13. Globular cysts in kidneys. 7, pp. 280, 301. These are probably due to psorosperms.
RHYNCHOBDELLIDA.
14. Pontobdella rapax Verrill. 7, p. 280. See under JParaUchthys dental ns, No. 23.
Arehosargus proba.tocephalus, Sheepshead.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus proteus Westrumb.
Several specimens enveloped in connective tissue cysts from peritoneum of a fish from Chesapeake
Bay. Collected by S. E. Meek, Fulton Market, New York, August 30, 1886. Several of the cysts
contained degenerate connective tissue of a waxy consistency. The specimens were adult, the females
containing the fusiform embryos characteristic of the species. One of the longer specimens measured
10.5 mm. in length.
Cynoscion regalis, Squeteague, Weak-fish.
• FOOD.
Only large specimens were examined. The food is fish and squids; shrimps and amphipods
found in a few cases. From the stomach of a specimen of average size, about 18 inches in length,
examined .July 31, 1900, there were taken two menhaden, each 9 inches long, one butter-fish, 41 inches
long, and one squid, 7 inches in length. A specimen examined on August 1, length 20 inches, had a
menhaden 11. inches long in its stomach.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus sagittifer Inn ton. On viscera. I, pp. 493-496, pi. vi, figs. 1, 2. 3, pp. 535-536, pi.
lix, fig. 80.
2. Echinorhynchus proteus Westrumb. Intestine. 1, pp. 496-497, pi. vi, figs. 3-5. 3, pp. 537-538, pi.
lx, figs. 85-88. 7, pp. 280-281.
Found three times in 1899 and twice in 1900. Heads perforating intestinal walls as in Eoccus
lineatus. [PI. ii, figs. 12, 13.]
3. Echinorhynchus pristis Rudolphi. 3, pp. 530-531, pi. lvi, figs. 31-38.
One found on viscera July 25, 1900. While the worm was living it was observed everting and
inverting both the proboscis and the anterior end of the body. These movements were rapid, especially
those of the proboscis.
NEMATODES.
4. Immature nematodes. [PI. x, figs. 107-109.] 7, pp. 280-281.
On many occasions and in different summers 1 have found immature nematodes encapsuled in
the mesentery and on the viscera. They were found in practically all the squeteague (92) examined
in the summers of 1899 and 1900. These agree in the main with those found in the blue-fish, scup, and
others. The largest specimens measured 17 mm. in length. A rudimentary three-lobed structure of the
head could be made out in some by examination under pressure in acetic acid. A diverticulum of
the intestine near the base of the oesophagus was observed in several of the specimens. Dimensions
of specimen figured in millimeters: Length, 10; diameter, 1 mm. from anterior end 0.24, 1 mm. from
posterior end 0.22, maximum (at anterior fourth) 0.3, at anal aperture 0.08; distance of anal aperture
from posterior end, 0.12. Length of oesophagus, in a specimen 14 mm. in length, 3 mm.
CESTODES.
5. Larval cestodes ( Scolex polymorphus Dujardin). Free in gall bladder and cystic duct. I , pp. 453-454,
pi. vi, figs. 6-9. 4, pp. 789-792, pi. lxi, figs. 4-15. 7, pp. 280-281.
Found almost invariably in fish examined in 1899 and 1900; also free in intestine of squeteague.
These are always smaller than those from the cystic duct.
460
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
6. Rliyneliobothrimn. Encysted on viscera. 4, p. 794, pi. lxiv, fig. 1, and p. 798. 7, pp. 280-281.
Usually on the viscera (1899, 1900), associated with immature nematodes and of several species.
7. Rhy nchobot.hr ium spedosum Linton. Larvae encysted on viscera. 4, pp. 801-805, pi. lxiv, figs.
13, 14, and pi. lxvi, figs. 1-7.
8. JUiynchobothrium, buibifer Linton. Encysted on viscera. See 1 ( R . tenidcolle Rudolphi ) , pp. 486-488.
*4, pp. 825-829, pi. x, figs. 8,9. 4, p. 793. 5, p. 448. Aug. 6, 1900.
9. Telrarhynchus bisulcatus Linton. Encysted in stomach wall. 4, pp. 810-811, pi. lxvi, figs. 11-15.
7, pp. 280-281. In submucosa of stomachs almost always present (1899 and 1900). [PI.
xxiii, fig. 261, and pi. xxiv, figs. 262-264.]
10. Tetrarhynchus erinaceus Beneden. On viscera. 4, pp. 811-812, pi. lxvii, figs. 1-8. 7, p. 281.
11. Synbothrium filicolle Linton. On viscera. I, pp. 815-820, pi. lxviii, figs. 7-12. Noted in a few
cases in 1899.
lift See pi. xx, fig. 230 and description of same, for brief account of a larval cestode from a squid in
the stomach of a squeteague. This form is related to the genus Thysanocephcilum.
TREMATODES.
12. Distomum appendiculatum Rudolphi. Intestine. See 7 , p. 289, pi. xxxvi, figs. 25, 26. Found in
this host July 25 and Aug. 5, 1899.
13. Distomum vitellosum Linton. Intestine. See 7, p. 290, pi. xxxvn, figs. 38, 39.
Found once in July, 1899, four times in July and August, 1900; rather numerous. The difference
in appearance between a specimen in sea water or salt solution and the same specimen in fresh water
is very great. See under Stenotomus, Raralichthys, etc.
14. Distomum pyriformc Linton. Intestine. See 7, p. 290, pi. xxxvin, figs. 52-59.
Small oval distomes; body covered with minute spines; acetabulum and oral sucker nearly equal;
testes median, one behind the other; ova few and large; found twice in 1899 and twice in 1900; appear
to belong to this species.
15. Distomum polyorchis Stos ich. [PI. xxxin, figs. 363-365.]
On five occasions in the summer of 1900 distomes were found in the pyloric caeca of the squeteague,
which agree very closely with this species. The synopsis of the species given by Stossich is as follows:
Body flattened, elliptical, rounded at the extremities. Anteriorly the surface is covered with conical
spines set in transverse series. The acetabulum is situated at the anterior third, is somewhat smaller than
the oral sucker and prominent. The oral sucker is terminal, globular, and its small aperture circular.
It is joined by a slender canal with the pharynx, which is very large and of quadrangular form.
There is no oesophagus. Immediately behind the pharynx the intestine divides into two branches
which extend to the posterior end of the body; anteriorly, however, each branch is prolonged into a
ciecum which extends as far as the anterior border of the pharynx. That which characterizes the
species more particularly is the large number of testes. Some of the worms contain 24 placed in two
series longitudinally in the middle of the body. The cirrus pouch is club-shaped, large, and forms an
arch at the right side of the acetabulum. In it is the seminal vesicle, divided into two unequal parts
by a constriction. The vitelline glands occupy all the posterior part and sides of the body and extend
laterally as far as the bifurcation of the intestine. They empty into two longitudinal canals which are
joined with each other by a transverse median canal, which is provided with a vitelline receptacle of
rectangular shape. The oviduct, situated between the acetabulum and the testes, contains minute ova,
elliptical and of a yellowish-brown color. The aperture is beside the anterior margin of the acetabulum.
Length, 3.5 mm. to 6.5 mm.; breadth, 1 mm. to 1.5 mm. Bull. d. Soc. Adv. d. Sci. Nat. Trieste, vol.
xi, 1889, tav. xiv, fig. 61 [p. 2 of extract.].
The number of the testes was variable in my specimens. The following numbers were noted.
In each case the number in the right row is placed first: 15-15; 15-12; 14-16, two; 14-15, three; 14-13,
two; 14-12, two. It is to be understood that each of these testes is either double or two-lobed, a point
that will be settled when the specimens are sectioned.1 The process of egg making was observed in
1 Sections show that the testes tire double; in other words, that they are placed in four instead of two longitudinal
series, two dorsal and two ventral; further, that the intestinal rami in the posterior and median portions of the body have
numerous short branches.
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
461
this species and was essentially like the process observed in Epibdella bum,pusii (7, p. 287). At
intervals of about twenty seconds a mass of yolk could be seen to leave the yolk reservoir and proceed
the short distance required to reach the definite point in the duct where an active muscular organ
molded a shell around the mass. It was then forced forward into the uterus. The lobed ovary, shell
gland, yolk reservoir, and beginnings of the uterus are so closely crowded together that further details
of the process could not be made out. Length of these specimens (alcoholic) 4 to 7.5 mm.
COPEPODS.
16. Mention may be made also, among entozoan parasites of the squeteague, of a copepod found
beneath the skin of the opercular bone, by Mr. E. E. Tyzzer. 7 , p. 285, pi. xxxiii, figs. i-5.
Sciaenops ocellatus, Red Drum.
NEMATODES.
1. Ascaris sp. [PI. vni, figs. 79, 80, and pi. ix, figs. 81-83.]
Collected by S. E. Meek, Fulton Market, New York, from fish taken off Sandy Hook, September
8, 1886. Three males and two females and four small, slender, immature. Habit of body in larger
specimens, stout. Dimensions of female in millimeters: Length, 56; diameter of head 0.41, 1 mm. back
of head 0.56, maximum 1.8, 1 mm. from posterior tip 0.9, at anal aperture 0.56; distance of anal
aperture from posterior end, 0.65; length of oesophagus, 6.5. These dimensions include the loose
cuticular membrane. (Esophagus in females somewhat linear-fusiform, with its greatest diameter about
its posterior third; in the males somewhat flask-shape, and 2.25 mm. in length in a specimen measuring
20 mm. in length. Largest male, 27 mm. in length. Four postanal and twenty-nine preanal papillae
were counted on the left side, and two postanal and twenty-nine preanal on the right side. Length of
spicules about 2 mm.
2. Ascaris sp. Immature. [PL xii, figs. 134—137.]
Probably young of No. 1, encapsuled in peritoneum. Tail blunt, rounded, with mucronate tip;
oesophagus long and linear; intestine dark-brown. Dimensions in millimeters: Length, 16; greatest
diameter, 0.43; length of oesophagus, 2.65.
Menticirrus saxatilis, King-fish.
FOOD.
Twenty-seven small specimens were examined on five occasions in July and August, 1899, and
one large specimen August 3, 1900. July 28, 1899; intestines filled with small amphipods, isopods, and
shrimps. August 5, 1899; small crustaceans. August 7, 1899; shrimps, amphipods, isopods, annelids.
August 8, 1899; large shrimp with eggs on swimmerets, young fish, and bryozoa. August 28, 1899;
annelids. August 3, 1900; pieces of fish, bryozoa.
NEMATODES.
1. Immature nematodes (Ascaris). [PI. xiv, figs. 168-171.]
Collected by Vinal N. Edwards, November, 1886. These were very numerous on the stomach
and liver; slender, white, smooth, head truncate, tail ending with a mucronate spine. Another lot in
U. S. National Museum collection, specimens somewhat larger, rudimentary lips of Ascaris discernible
and tail not much prolonged beyond anal aperture; mucronate tip to tail not spine-like. These are
probably an older stage of the same. The spine-like character of the mucronate tip apparently lost
by the shedding of the embryonic investment. Dimensions in millimeters: Length, 21; diameter
of head 0.25, middle 0.4, at anal aperture 0.09; distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.13.
Corresponding dimensions of more mature specimens: 25; 0.24, 0.42, 0.16; 0.16.
CESTODES.
2. Larval cestodes ( Scolex polymorphus Dujardin). In intestine. See 4, p. 289, etc. Found Julyand
Aug., 1899, Aug., 1900. Those obtained on the latter date were very small.
462
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
TREMATODES.
3. Distomum vitellosum Linton. Intestine. See 7, p. 290, pi. xxxvn, figs. 38, 39. Found in this host
July 28, 1899.
4. .Distomum pyriforme Linton. Intestine. See 7, p. 292, pi. xxxvm, figs. 52-59. Found in this host'
in August, 1899 and 1900.
5. Distomum sp. Intestine. [PI. xxvm, fig. 311.]
Two distomes, found July 28, 1899. The following description is based on a memorandum sketch
of the living worm and on a mounted specimen. Unfortunately one of the specimens was in bad
condition when it was found. Body ovate-elliptical, depressed, with a short, retractile caudal appen-
dix; neck short. Oral sucker subterminal with somewhat triangular aperture, a little broader than
long. Pharynx subglobular immediately following the oral sucker. (Esophagus short. Intestinal
rami simple elongate, extending to but not entering the appendix. Acetabulum at about the anterior
fifth or sixth of the body, a little broader than long, in ventral view, much larger than oral sucker,
aperture circular in life, transverse in alcoholic specimen. Cirrus pouch and seminal vescicle behind
acetabulum; the cirrus passes to the left of the acetabulum and opens about half way between the
suckers on the median line near the oesophagus. Testes two, large, subglobular, placed transversely
behind the acetabulum, from which they are separated only by the cirrus pouch and seminal vescicle.
( tvary globular, smaller than the testes on median line behind the testes and close to them. Vitelline
glands, two slender, convoluted tubular organs marginal to right and left of ovary. No ova were seen
in the living specimen and the uterus was not seen.
Dimensions of living specimen slightly compressed, measurements given in millimeters: Length,
3.07; diameter, anterior 0.54, at acetabulum 0.92, median 0.92, near posterior 0.50; oral sucker, length
0.24, breadth 0.24; acetabulum, length 0.41, breadth 0.43; diameter of testis, 0.46; pharynx, length
0.14, breadth 0.14; oesophagus, length 0.07, breadth 0.08.
Dimensions of specimen mounted in balsam, in millimeters: Length, not including appendix, 1.9;
length of appendix, 0.32; breadth of body, anterior 0.16, median 0.77, posterior 0.29; of appendix 0.17;
oral sucker, length 0.13, breadth 0.14 (in the other (damaged) specimen these dimensions are 0.17 and
0.20) ; acetabulum, length 0.32, breadth 0.34 (0.45 and 0.41 in the other) ; pharynx, length 0.08, breadth
0.09 (0.09 and 0.15 in the other).
In the mounted specimen what I take to be an ovum lying dorsal to one of the testes is 0.035 and
0. 021. mm. in the two principal diameters.
Tautogolabrus adspersus, Conner, Chogset.
FOOD.
Seaweed, hydroid stems, bryozoa, tunicates, annelids, small crustaceans of various kinds ( Caprella ,
shrimps, etc.), univalve mollusks found in stomach and intestine — in short, just such food as the fish
would get by browsing on the material which grows on wharf piles and similar places.
NEMATODES.
1. Immature nematodes. On viscera. Aug. 12, 1900.
CESTODES.
2. Rhynchobothriwn. Cysts on viscera. 7, p. 281. Aug. 29, 1899; July 27, 1900.
TREMATODES.
3. Immature distomes encysted in skin. 7, pp. 281, 298, pi. xl, figs. 76-81. Seen frequently in 1899 and
1900. Dr. G. II. Barker reports that a large proportion, out of about 100 dinners collected this
summer, are infested with this parasite.
4. Distomum areolatum Rudolphi. Intestine. See 7, pp. 293-294, pi. xxxix, figs. 60, 63. Found in
this host Aug. 5, 1899.
5. Distomum vitellosum Linton. Intestine. See 7, p. 290, pi. xxxvi, figs. 38, 39. Found in this host
.Aug. 5, 1899.
PARASITES OF PISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
463
Tautoga onitis, Tautog, Blaclc-fisli.
FOOD.
In specimens examined previous to 1899 the stomachs were empty. In the summers of 1899 and
1900, 24 tautog were examined. In the alimentary canals of the large specimens a great variety of
crabs and mollusks were found. A specimen taken at Menemsha Bight, August 1, 1899, had its
alimentary canal filled with fragments of crabs and mollusk shells. Among them were recognized
Triilia trivilata (many), Purpura lapillus, Lunatia heros, Actrum testudinalis, Mytilus' edulis (many
fragments ) , Cancer irroratus, Eupaguru-s pollicaris ( many) , Libinia canaliculata. The shells and tests had
all been more or less crushed and broken. No entozoa were found in the alimentary tract of this fish.
Indeed, it is difficult to see how any could stay in a fish which lives on such a mechanically anti-
helminthic diet. In small specimens were found seaweeds, a variety of small Crustacea (amphipods,
copepods, shrimps, small crabs, etc.), mollusks, both univalve and bivalve, and annelids.
TREMATODES.
1. Immature distomes encysted in the skin.
The entire surface of specimen from Menemsha, mentioned in the food notes given above, was
thickly peppered with small black pigment patches, in which small cysts could be seen. These pigment
patches and cysts have a general resemblance to those described from the eunner. [7, pp. 281 , 296, pi.
xl, figs. 76-81.] These cysts were so abundant in this specimen that it was a difficult matter to find a
scale which was free from them. Usually there was a cluster, often containing as many as 6 or 8 cysts,
on each scale. The fins were also thickly beset with them. Even the corneas of the eyes were infested
with them; 74 were counted on one eye and 81 on the other; 14 and 17, respectively, were over the
pupils. [PI. xxvm, fig. 318.] The walls of the cysts were transparent, so that the suckers of the
contained distome could be distinguished through them.
Chastodipterus faber, Moon-fish.
This fish is rarely taken in the vicinity of Woods Hole. In October, 1886, I received from Mr.
S. E. Meek, Fulton Market, New York, a few cysts from the abdominal cavity of a moon-fish from the
North Carolina coast, from which the following were obtained.
NEMATODES.
1. Ichthyonema sp. From abdominal cavity. [PI. xvm, figs. 218, 219.]
The longest entire specimen measured 217 mm. in-length; of nearly uniform diameter throughout,
maximum diameter 1.6 mm., diameter near anterior end 0.4 mm., increasing soon to 1 mm. In another,
a fragment, whose maximum diameter was 1.12 nun., the diameter of the head was 0.23 mm. It was
surmounted by four distinct papillae. The uterus contained ova in various stages of segmentation along
with embryos which agree with those described under Ichthyonema glohiceps. Length, 0.5 mm. ; greatest
diameter, 0.013 mm. Exceedingly fine-pointed at smaller end. In the larger specimen the principal
part of the body, more particularly the anterior half, was literally packed with young.
CESTODES.
2. Rhynchobothrium speciosum Linton. Cysts on viscera. 4, pp. 801-805, pi. lxiv, figs. 13, 14, and pi.
lxv, figs. 1-7.
3. Telrarliynchus. Cysts on viscera. 4, p. 808.
Balistes vetula, Trigger-fish.
FOOD.
Twelve small specimens from Katama Bay were examined September 1, 1899. Amphipods,
copepods, and seaweed were found in the alimentary canal, but no entozoa.
Alutera schoepfii, File-fish.
FOOD.
The stomachs have usually been empty. Two were seen, however, one on July 24, 1887, the
other August 5, 1889, in which there were stems of hydroids. In one of these the intestine was filled
throughout its length with masses of hydroid stems.
464
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
CESTODES.
1. Dibothrium aluterse. Intestine. 1, pp. 458-459, pi. r, figs. 5-8.
2. Rhynchobothriuvi bulbifer Linton. Cysts on viscera. 4, p. 793.
3. Rhynchobothrium. Cysts in coats of stomach and intestines. 4, p. 798.
TREMATODES.
4. Distomum pattens Budolphi. Intestine. 6, pp. 526-527, pi. xlvii, figs. 8, 9.
5. Distomum valdeinflaium Stossich. Capsules on peritoneum. 6, pp. 527-528, pi. xlvii, figs. 10-14,
and pi. xlviii, figs. 1, 2.
Lagocephalus laevigatus, Smooth Puffer.
One specimen from Narragansett Bay, July 22, 1887.
NEMATODES.
1. Immature nematode, (Ascaris) . [PI. xi, figs. 121, 122.] From intestine. Dimensions in millimeters:
Length, 22; diameter of head 0.1, 1 mm. back of head 0.28, maximum a short distance back of
middle 0.48, 1 mm. from posterior end 0.32, at anal aperture 0.12; distance of anus from
posterior tip, 0.13; oesophagus short.
CESTODES.
2. Scolex poly m or phus Dujardin. Abundant, in intestine.
TREMATODES.
3. Distomum sp. Intestine. ly killed while flattened out under pressure. The body is
smooth, the intestinal rami thin-walled and inflated. There is a vitelline reservoir immediately in
front of the ovary, into which two anterior and two posterior vitelline ducts empty. The vitellaria
are rather irregular small granular masses at the posterior end of the body and along the lateral margins
nearly to the acetabulum. The two testes and ovary are each subglobular.
b. (Figs. 328, 329. ) This specimen is much contracted. The body is transversely rugose, and the
posterior region, when strongly magnified, is seen to be beset with minute, bristle-like spines. The'
intestinal rami are slender, but. thick-walled. The vitellaria are at the posterior end of the body and
along the margins as far forward as the pharynx; the granular masses larger and more crowded than
in a. Testes and ovary broader than long.
470
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
Dimensions in millimeters:
a.
b.
mm.
1.21
mm.
0.88
.43
.45
Length of oral sucker
.16
.16
Breadth of oral sucker
. 11
.13
.20
Length of acetabulum
. 17
Breadth of acetabulum
.23
.28
. 11
. 17
.10
. 11
.045
.024
8. Monostomum vinal-edwardsii sp. nov. [PI. xxxiv, tigs. 373-376.] Aug. 5, 1899; 7. July 26, 1900;
Aug. 4 and 10, 1900; numerous. Young and adult together in same lot.
The following preliminary synopsis of these interesting trematodes is here given: Body thickish,
depressed, slightly convex above, flat below, outline varying but approximating ovate, covered with
exceedingly minute villous spines. Oral sucker circular, subterminal, aperture nearly circular.
Pharynx varying in preserved specimens, subglobular in life near oral sucker, but in favorable positions
seem to be separated by a short canal. (Esophagus short; intestinal rami two, simple, extending to
posterior end of body. Testes in the larger specimens apparently eight, four on each posterolateral
margin (in one specimen there were five on the right side and four on the left) . In smaller specimens
the testes are in two lateral clusters of four or five or more testicules each, situated at about the posterior
third, which in such specimens is usually the widest part of the body. Seminal vesicle on median line,
curving to the left, the cirrus opening by an acetabuliform aperture about the anterior third. The
vitellaria are dendritic organs, distributed general^ in the posterior part of the body behind the
genital acetabulum in younger specimens, confined to the lateral regions of the middle third of
the body of older specimens. Ovary a many-lobed organ on the median line a short distance behind
the genital acetabulum, from which it is separated by the seminal receptacle and base of the cirrus
pouch. Excretory vessels very numerous in the anterior third of the body, each opening independently
on the surface. Uterus very voluminous, in the older specimens filling up all the posteromedian part
of the body. Ova rather small and elliptical. Dimensions of a living specimen slightly compressed, in
millimeters: Length, 2.36; diameter of oral sucker 0.25, of pharynx 0.15, of genital acetabulum 0.13;
ova, 0.021 and 0.010 in the two principal diameters. At certain ages there is a very characteristic
coloration in these worms, due to the different ages of the ova. The beginning folds of the uterus on
the left side are opaque white; the next, toward the posterior and on the right side, are light yellow,
shading into amber and smoky brown, becoming much darker toward the anterior.
The external opening of the uterus was not made out, although a minute aperture was noted in
one specimen which had lain over night in salt solution 0.07 mm. in front of the genital acetabulum.
This point will doubtless be settled when the specimens are sectioned.
Prionotus carolinus, Sea Robin.
FOOD.
Stomachs and intestines of this species have yielded a varietjr of material. In one specimen were
found a young herring, several young clams ( Mya ), two shrimp (PaLrmonet.es), and a pebble. Small
specimens have yielded shrimps in large numbers, amphipods and other small crustaceans, squid and
lamellibranch mollusks, annelids, and seaweed. One small specimen had four young winter flounders
in its stomach
NEMATODES.
1. Immature nematodes. On serous covering of viscera. Aug. 21, 1899; Aug. 21, 1900; few.
Some immature ascarids collected July 21, 1887, encapsuled in peritoneum. Dimensions in
millimeters: Length, 20; diameter of head 0.11, 1 mm. from anterior 0.27, maximum 0.56, 1 mm. from
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
471
posterior end 0.35, at anal aperture 0.13; distance of anal aperture to posterior end, 0.25. Intestinal
diverticulum noted at base of oesophagus in smaller specimens.
CESTODES.
2. Rhyncliobothrium. Encysted on viscera. 4, p. 795, pi. lxiii, figs. 3-5. 7, p. 282.
3. Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus Linton. Encysted in stomach and intestine. 7, p. 282.
TREMATODES.
4. Distomum. appendiculatum. Ruclolphi. Intestine. See 7, p. 289, pi. xxxvi, figs. 25, 26. Found in
this host Aug. 5, 1899, and Aug. 10, 1900.
5. Distomum sp. Intestine. 7, p. 295, pi. xxxix, fig. 71. Probably the species called by me IK vitel-
losurn. See under Clupea liarengus, Stenotomus chrysops, etc.
6. Diplostomum sp. Intestine. One small specimen found Aug. 30, 1899.
Lopholatilus chamseleonticeps, Tile-fish.
FOOD.
Viscera of a number of tile-fish taken July 29, 1899, and placed in formalin were looked over
and the following food notes made: Crabs in large numbers, the intestines of some of the fish being
filled with them. A part of a squid was found in one, and in the stomach of another were two spiny
dog-fish (Squalus cicanthias). In others, taken August 10, 1899, 80 miles south of Gay Head, were
found many crabs, a bivalve mollusk ( Yoldia ), tests of large sal pa, an eel, and bones of fish. The
following list was made out from the contents of the alimentary canals of 18 specimens taken July 30,
1900, south of Marthas Vineyard in 65 to 110 fathoms: Pieces of menhaden (bait) in stomachs of three
or four; intestines, particularly the lower parts, filled with fragments of crustaceans, in which a few
mollusk shells, salp;e, annelids, a holothurian, actinians, and fish bones were found.
For assistance in the following partial identification of this material I am indebted to Mr. Freeland
Howe: Munidia caribxa (very abundant), eupagurids (abundant), brachyurans (abundant), spider
crabs, small (many), Nepturus, Yoldia (few), Cardiurn ? (fragment of valve), nereis-like annelid (one
and fragment), sandy worm-tube (one), Adamsia sociabilis (abundant), Tlvyone sp. (one, identified by
Dr. H. C. Clark), tunics of Salpa zonaria-cordiformis (numerous), fish bones (otic bones, vertebrae,
lenses, etc., numerous).
The tile-fish is preeminently a crab-eater. On account of the nature of its diet, which must be a
very trying one on any entozoan which attempts to maintain a position in the alimentary tract, not
many entozoa are to be expected in the tile-fish, and few are found.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus. Representatives of this genus found on two occasions.
a. July 29, 1899. An immature specimen from a cyst in the stomach wall. [PI. ix, figs. 6, 7.]
Only the anterior end could be found when the specimen was mounted, The proboscis is only partly
everted and its basal portion is retracted for a short distance by the inversion of the anterior end of
the body; so far as it can be seen, the proboscis is clavate, though it is probably fusiform when fully
everted. The hooks are prominent; those in about the first four basal rows are arcuate, slender,
others recurved, all rather large; sheath thickest in middle, tapering toward its posterior end; lemnisci
slender, a little longer than sheath. Dimensions of specimen mounted in balsam, in millimeters:
Diameter of base of proboscis (a part of the base is concealed) , exclusive of hooks 0.33, including hooks
0.44; diameter of apex of part extended, excluding hooks 0.36, including hooks 0.5; length of part of
proboscis everted, 0.36; length of entire proboscis (estimated), 0.857; length of longest hooks, 0.09; length
of sheath, 0.87 ; diameter of sheath, anterior 0.36, middle 0.4, posterior 0.26; lemnisci extend about 0.07
beyond sheath and are about 0.045 in diameter.
b. July 30, 1900. [PI. n, figs. 8-10.] A small female from the intestine. Body nearly linear,
tapering ver)' gradually toward the bluntly rounded posterior end. Proboscis erect, cylindrical, with
numerous hooks placed very close together so that point of one hook overlaps the base of the succeeding
hook. Hooks in one or two of the basal circles slender and arcuate, others stout and abruptly recurved;
472
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
about 14 rows of hooks visible counted transversely, and about 16 counted from base to apex. The
sheath is cylindrical and the lemnisci appear to be a little shorter than the sheath. Dimensions of
alcoholic specimen, in millimeters: Length, 10; length of proboscis, 0.72; diameter of proboscis, base
0.34, middle 0.33, apex 0.28; length of longest hooks, 0.06; length of sheath, 1.16; diameter of sheath,
0.32; diameter of body, anterior 0.58, near posterior 0.43.
NEMATODES.
2. Immature nematodes. [PI. xi, figs. 123, 124.] Encapsuled and free.
Found on each occasion on which this fish was examined. On July 30, 1900, rather numerous.
The worms were still living when they were examined and appeared to be identical with immature
nematodes from Urophycis chuss and Paralichthys oblonyus, with which they were compared. Figs. 123
and 124 are from sketches of a specimen collected by the Fish Commission in 1881. Length, 15 mm.
CESTODES.
3. Larval cestodes (Scolex polyrriorphus Dujardin) . Free in intestine. See 'I, p. 789, etc.
Noticed in material collected August 10, 1899; rather numerous in material collected July 30,
1900. The latter were still active, the viscera from which they were obtained having been kept on
ice for two days. They appear to be similar to forms found in the squeteague and other fish, although
doubtless many species are represented by this well-named Scolex polymorphus. Red pigment patches
were noted in the necks of these larvre.
4. Txnia-lilce fragments. Intestine. 7, p. 282.
5. Cestode; new. Intestine. [PI. xx, figs. 233, 234, and pi. xxi, figs. 236-238.]
Two scolices, which appear to belong to an undescribed genus, were obtained from the intestine
of a tile-fish July 29, 1899. The specimens had been in formalin for two days before I had an
opportunity of seeing them. The heads and posterior parts were white, the neck and median parts
pinkish. They were about 6 mm. and 8 mm. long, respectively. The scolex resembles IJcheneibothrium
in having four unarmed bothria and a terminal muscular disk which is provided with an anterior
central auxiliary sucker. Each bothrium, considered alone, suggests the genus Phyllobothrium, being
without transverse costee, having the borders thrown into crumpled folds and being provided with
an auxiliary acetabulum on its anterior border. The bothria seem to be placed on the head, as in
Crossobothrium, while they project in the preserved specimens so as to stand nearly perpendicular to
the flat surface of the neck, as in Calyptrobothrium. The muscular disk in front of the bothria suggests
the genera Tylocephalum and Discocephalum, while the terminal auxiliary acetabulum, which can be
seen in the mounted specimen and has its presence fully demonstrated in longitudinal sections, finds
its counterpart in the genus Echeneibothrium. The auxiliary acetabula on the bothria are concealed
by the anterior muscular disk and are difficult to see in these specimens. Transverse sections of the
body show no rudiment of reproductive organs, no differentiation of a central core, only a few
comparatively coarse longitudinal muscles in the parenchyma.
The vessels of the water-vascular system are prominent and tortuous, and may be seen along the
lateral margins of the body, the margins of the bothria, and extending into the muscular disk. Other
dimensions in millimeters are: Breadth of disk between bothria 1.16, thickness 0.93; thickness of head
through bothria, 1.31; transverse diameter of head, 1.74; diameter of anterior acetabulum, 0.15;
breadth of body back of head 1.09, thickness 0.6.
6. Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus Linton. Scolex. July 30, 1900.
This specimen agrees with T. bisulcatus, except that the collar is wider than the head, and rugose.
TREMATODES.
7. Distomum ocreatum Molin. Intestine.
Twelve specimens obtained August 10, 1899, agree with the species which I have been recording
under this name. Length of specimens mounted in balsam vary from 1 mm. to 2.5 mm-. See ii, pp.
514-515, pi. xlii, fig 13. 7, p. 288, pi. xxxv, figs. 16-24.
8. Distomum fcecundum Linton. Intestine. 7, pp. 282, 289-290, pi. xxxvi, figs. 27-35, and pi. xxxvii,
figs. 36, 37.
July 30, 1900; 1, which is probably to be referred to this species. The material from the intestine
was washed out in fresh water. Some distomes swell up when placed in fresh water, the acetabulum
PARASITES OE FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
473
becomes prominent, and the general appearance becomes much altered. While this specimen differs
considerably in its outlines from the one figured in the original description, the difference is not so
great as I have seen in other species, due to difference in treatment.
Remora remora (Echeneis remora) , Remora, Sucker.
FOOD.
Of the nine remoras examined the stomachs were empty in all but two; one of these contained
the bones and tail of a fish resembling the menhaden; the other contained a squid.
CESTODES.
1. Rhynchobothrmrn speciosum Linton. Cysts on viscera. 4, pp. 801-805, pi. lxiv, figs. 13, 14, and pi.
Lxv, figs. 1-7.
TREMATODES.
2. Distomum lageniforme Linton. Intestine. <*, pp. 524-525, pi. xlvii, figs. 1, 2.
3. Distomum monlicellii Linton. Intestine. 6, pp. 518-520, pi. xliv, figs. 2-8. Aug. 17, 1899; 4. Aug.
9, 1900; 7. On gills.
The preserved specimens of these two lots measure from 4 to 5 mm. in length. While living
they vary, with different stages of contraction, between 4 mm. and 10 mm. In the living worm the
body was transparent, slightly tinged with yellow; folds of uterus orange, lighter in posterior part of
body; suckers also transparent tinged with yellow; testes, seminal vesicle, and cirrus pouch white.
Merluccius bilinearis, Silver IJake, Whiting, Frost-fish.
FOOD.
Stomachs empty in most of the specimens which have been examined. The following have been
noted: Fragments of fish on two occasions; small Crustacea in intestine of one; many crabs ( Panopeus )
in stomach and intestine of one.
AC ANTITOCEPn A LA .
1. Echinorhynchus acus Rudolphi. Intestine. One specimen, a female, July 11, 1900.
This specimen was smaller and more slender than the worms from the winter flounder and others
which I have referred to this species. The proboscis is cylindrical; hooks very regularly placed,
twelve in each of the eight vertical rows which are visible on one side. See 3, p. 525, etc.
NEMATODES.
2. Immature nematodes ( Ascaris ). [PI. xm, figs. 160-162.] Serous coat of viscera. 7, p. 282.
Found in the specimens examined in the summers of 1899 and 1900. Some of those found in
1900, which were particularly abundant on the pyloric caeca, can be recognized as young of the genus
Ascaris. These were reddish or reddish-brown and from 5 to 16 mm. in length. Collected also by
S. E. Meek, Fulton Market, New York, November, 1886. “Abdominal cavity appeared swarming
with the worms. All were very lively.” Dimensions of one in millimeters: Length, 22; diameter,
0.43; length of oesophagus, 2.6. Figs. 160, 161, are from the latter.
CESTODES.
3. Dibothrium crassiceps Rudolphi. Intestine. [PI. xxiv, figs. 266-268.] Aug. 5, 1899; 1. Scolex and
short strobile.
Length, 8 mm. (alcoholic); number of joints, about 40. Dimensions in millimeters, life: Length
of head, marginal view, 1; length of bothrium, lateral view — i. e. , corresponding to the fiat surface of
the body 1.14; breadth of head, corresponding to marginal view of body 1.5, corresponding to fiat
surface of body 1.3; breadth of first segment, anterior 0.78, posterior 1.07, thickness 0.36. Posterior
segments show rudiments only of the reproductive organs, but no indication of external genital
opening. The cuticle is covered with minute spines. In the alcoholic specimen the head is nearly
spherical. See No. 6, under Pomatomus saltatrix.
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BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
4. Dibothrium angustatum Rudolplii. Intestine. [PI. xxiv, figs. 269, a, b, c.]
Thirty-seven young strobiles, August 21, 1899. These agree closely with Diesing’s synopsis of
this species: “Head elongate, tetragonal, slender, with oblong lateral bothria; neck very short. First
segments elongated, very narrow; succeeding segments shorter, subquadrate.”
The outline of the head varies with the state of contraction, but the prevailing form is linear-
oblong or somewhat clavate. Segments slender, almost cylindrical, slightly eirlarged at their posterior
ends. Dimensions of an alcoholic specimen in millimeters: Length of head, 1.16; breadth, anterior
0. 33. greatest breadth 0.33, posterior 0.19. Another: Length of head, 1.21; breadth, anterior 0.22,
greatest breadth 0.26, posterior 0.17. Longest head measured 1.92 mm. in length to the first distinct
segment. The strobiles are linear or nearly so and measured about 25 mm. in length.
5. Phyllobolhrium sp. Immature. Intestine. [PI. xx, figs. 231, 232.]
Three specimens collected July 11, 1900, bear some resemblance to larvae which ar e not infrequent
in the common squid. (4, p. 792, pi. lxii, figs. 1-9.) Llead white, with four bothria, which have
crumpled borders and an auxiliary acetabulum on anterior border of each. There is also a muscular
sucker (myzorhynchus) on anterior part of head between the bothria. Neck linear, ligulate,
translucent, the vessels of water vascular system showing plainly as sinuous lateral lines, in preserved
specimens, filiform. Body fusiform, appressed, opaque, pinkish. The largest specimen measured in
life 44 mm. in length. Length of head, 3 mm.; of head and neck, 26 mm.; of body, 18 mm.
6. Rhynchobothrium sp. Encysted on viscera, especially on pyloric caeca. 7, p. 282. Found also in
1899 and 1900.
Immense numbers of small pyriform cysts, 2 to 5 mm. long, were found on pyloric caeca of a silver
hake, July 11, 1900. Dimensions of one of these larvae in millimeters: Length, 3; length of head, 0.87;
of contractile bulbs, 1.02; of proboscides, estimated, 1.74; diameter of proboscis, moulding hooks, 0.15;
length of longer hooks, 0.07; diameter of contractile bulbs, 0.12. The hooks differ from any I have
yet seen, bearing some resemblance to those of Tetrarhynchus erinaceus. [PI. xxn, figs. 251-254.]
7. Larval cestodes (Scolex polymorphus Dujardin). Free in intestine. 7, p. 282. See 4, p. 789, etc.
Found also in 1899 and 1900.
TREMATODES.
8. Distomum ocreaturn Molin. Intestine. See 4, p. 514, etc. 7, pp. 282, 288, pi. xxxv, figs. 16-24.
Found also Aug. 21, 1899; 10.
9. Distomum vitellosum Linton. Intestine. 7, pp. 282, 290. Found Aug. 21, 1899; 18. [PI. xxx,
fig. 335.]
Pollachius virens, Pollock.
NEMATODES.
1. Ascaris clavata Rudolphi. Stomach. 7, pp. 283, 302, pi. xliii, figs. 105-108.
In the U. S. National Museum collection there are three specimens from the pollock which
evidently belong to this species. While they, together with those from the cod, present many
variations, they agree in having the posterior end truncated and the upper lip oblong with a somewhat
cylindrical pulp. The side membranes were not easily seen in all. The adults of both sexes are more
attenuate anteriorly than posteriorly, while the males are shorter and relatively stouter than the
females. See under Gadus callarias , No. 2.
la. Immature nematodes.
Six lots in LL S. National Museum collection from body cavity. Specimens inclosed in embryonic
cuticle. Length about 24 mm., head truncate, tail with mucronate tip. Collected in October and
November, 1886.
CESTODES.
2. Rhynchobothrium. Larvae encysted on mesentery. 7, p. 283.
TREMATODES.
3. Dactylocotyle denticidatum Olsson. [ Octobothrium denticulatmn Olsson.] Gills. 7, pp. 283, 286, pi.
xxxin, figs. 6-10.
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
475
4. Dirtomum ocreatum Molin. . Stomach. 7, pp. 283, 288, pi. xxxv, figs. 16-24. See «►, pp. 514-515,
pi. xlii, fig. 13.
Microgadus tomcod, Tomcod.
FOOD.
Annelids, shrimp, amphipods, and other small crustaceans found in the alimentary canals.
NEMATODES.
1. Ascciris sp. [PI. ix, figs. 97-99.] Immature. Intestine. Found in July 1886, Aug. 1887, and
1899; few. In intestine near pyloric creca; length, 25 to 35 mm; probably the young of Ascciris
clavata.
CESTODES.
2. Larval cestodes (Scolex polymorphus Dujardin). Free in intestine. Aug. 2, 1900. See 4, p. 789, etc.
3. Rhynchobothrium imparispine Linton. Encysted on viscera. 4, pp. 799-801, pi. lxiv, figs. 9-12.
4. Rhynchobothrium sp. Encysted, submucosa of intestine and peritoneum. 4, p. 794, pi. lxiii, fig. 2.
TEEMATODES.
5. Distornum appendiculatum Rudolphi. Intestine. Aug. 2, 1900. See 7, p. 289, pi. xxxvi, figs. 25, 26.
6. Distornum. simplex Bud ol phi . Intestine. [PI. xxx, figs. 331, 332.] ti, pp. 525-526, pi. xlvii, figs. 6, 7.
Aug. 13, 1900; 3.
These distomes when first seen were yellowish white, nearly transparent, the surface corrugated
by fine transverse lines. They then resembled very closely the small distomes (No. 19 under P. dentatus
[fig. 336] ) from the flounder collected August 17, 1899. When a specimen, which was quite short and
corrugated and kept under slight pressure, was held over the flame of an alcohol lamp and warmed
sufficiently to stiffen it, the body relaxed and became much elongated. After seeing the diverse shapes
which distomes of the same species assume under different conditions of development and contraction
one realizes the inadvisability of bestowing specific names on new forms in the absence of a good
number of specimens. These specimens varied from 1.22 mm. to 2.47 mm. in length. A few
dimensions of a specimen in glycerine given in millimeters are: Length, 2.40; breadth, 0.44; oral
sucker, length 0.19, breadth 0.17; diameter of pharynx, 0.09; acetabulum, length 0.25, breadth 0.29;
ova, 0.08 and 0.04 in the two principal diameters.
Gadus callarias (Gcidus morrliua) , Cod.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus acus Rudolphi.
Eleven lots in the National Museum collection from Woods Hole, collected in November and
December, 1887; two in January, 1888, by Mr. Vinal N. Edwards; one collected August 22, 1883,
and one from Eastport, Me. (Palmer, collector). Three of these lots contain very numerous specimens;
the others range from 1 to 54. These specimens from the cod, while showing considerable variety in
shape and size, agree closely in the maximum and minimum dimensions. The females in nearly every
lot measure from 28 mm. to 30 mm. in length, and the males from 6 mm. to 8 mm.
NEMATODES.
2. A scar is clavata Rudolphi. Stomach.
Eleven lots of nematodes from this host, seven collected at Woods Hole, by Vinal N. Edwards,
in November, December, 1887, and January, 1888; one lot collected by Mr. Thomas Lee on the
steamer Albatross, August 22, 1883; one from a salt cod, collected by Mr. A. IT. Clark; one from
Long Island, collected by Mr. S. E. Meek, and one from Casco Bay, while presenting many individual
variations, appear to belong to this species. The specimens in these lots vary from 6 mm. to 62 mm.
in length. The smaller are relatively more slender than the larger ones, which were considerably
thickened posteriorly.
Dimensions of two specimens, in millimeters: Length, male 30, female 48; diameter of head,
male 0.28, female 0.30; diameter 2 mm. back of head, male 0.80, female 0.70; diameter middle, male
0.85, female 1.10; diameter 2 mm. from posterior end, male 0.80, female 1; diameter at anal aperture,
male 0.25, female 0.35; distance of anal aperture from posterior end, male 0.15, female 0.28.
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BULLETIN OP THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
The adults of both sexes are more attenuate anteriorly than posteriorly, while the males are
shorter and relatively stouter than the females. In the female from which the measurements given
above were taken the upper lip was unsymmetrical, oblong, length 0.2 mm. and breadth 0.22
mm. The tip of the tail usually mucronate and minutely roughened or beset with short spicules.
The majority of specimens in these lots were immature, and but few males were noticed. The anal
papilke were but imperfectly made out; no postanal papillae were noted in males examined; 23 or 24
preanal papillae on a side were counted, the posterior 8 or 10 small, pediceled, and capitate. The
remainder, including 'a pair immediately in front of the anal aperture near the median line, are larger
and not capitate. The number appears to be the same on each side.
The smaller specimens were smooth; the larger often transversely rugose, especially toward the
posterior end. The lateral alse appear to be an adult character. See under Pollacliius virens, No. 1,
and 7 , pp. 283, 302, pi. xxxviii, figs. 105-108.
3. Immature nematodes ( Ascaris ). Serous covering of stomach, intestine, liver, etc.
I have examined nine lots of nematodes which came from capsules in various parts of the body
cavity of the cod. The greater part of these were collected by Mr. Vinal N. Edwards in the months
of November and December, 1887. These specimens for the most part agree with descriptions of
Ascaris capsularia; that is to say, they are immature ascaricls. Specimens were found, however, which
were sufficiently developed to make it appear highly probable that they are the young of Ascaris
clavata. The larger specimens range from 25 to 40 mm. in length, and from 0.6 to 1.1 mm. in diameter.
4. Cucullanus globosus Zeder. [PI. xvir, fig. 206.]
Nine specimens from the cod, collected by Mr. Vinal N. Edwards in the months of November,
December, 1887, and January, 1888, belong to this species. Dimensions in millimeters: Length, male
10.5, female 15; diameter, male 0.4, female 0.35. Tail of female slender and prolonged 0.5 mm. beyond
the anal aperture. Length of male, copulatory spines, 1.2 mm.
cestodes.
5. Dibolhrium rugosum Rudolph i. Pyloric caeca. 2, pp. 750-754, pi. in, figs. 7-10. 5, p. 431, pi.
xxvin, figs. 9, 10, and pi. xxix, figs. 1-4.
6. Rhynchobothrium imparispine Linton. Peritoneum. 1, pp. 799-801, pi. lxiv, figs. 9-12. See 2, pp.
840-843, pi. xii, figs. 6-9.
TREMATODES.
7. Nitzschia papillosa Linton. 6, p. 508, pi. xl, fig. 1-6.
8. Distomum rachion Cobbold (?). 6, pp. 538-539, pi. liii, figs. 3-7.
Mela.nog-rammus aeg-lefmus, Haddock.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus acus Rudolphi. See 3, p. 525, etc.
Found in two lots of entozoa from this host, collected by Vinal N. Edwards in the months of
November, 1886, and December, 1885, 10 in one, 4 in the other. The longest, a female, measured 45
mm. ; the shortest, a male, 6 mm.
NEMATODES.
2. Nematodes. Immature. Encapsuled on peritoneum.
Three lots of encapsuled nematodes from this host in U. S. Nat. Mus. collection. These were
collected by V. N. Edwards in November, 1886, and December, 1885. The specimens in two of these lots
agree with those from the cod, and are probably the young of Ascaris clavata. The longest is about 30
mm. in length. The specimens in the third lot resemble Cobbold’s A. acanthocaudata. Body nearly
filiform, but tapers more anteriorly than posteriorly. Dimensions in millimeters: Length, 28; diameter
of body 0.75, of head 0.25; distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.3; length of oesophagus, 4.
In acetic acid two systems of diagonal fibers were brought out.
CESTODES.
3. Rhynchobothrium imparispine Linton. Peritoneum. 3, pp. 799-801, pi. lxiv, figs. 9-12.
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
477
Antimora viola.
NEMATODES.
1. Immature nematodes. [PI. xm, figs. 163-165.]
Seven specimens from peritoneum; U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, 811 fathoms. These
specimens, which are young ascarids, have the body covered with a thin embryonic investment, which
is thrown into transverse folds, raised from the body, and in places sloughing off. In some of the
specimens rudimentary lips can be seen. Dimensions in millimeters: Length, 28; diameter of head
0. 12. middle 0.5, at anal aperture 0.15; distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.15.
Phycis tenuis, Hake.
FOOD.
The stomachs examined by me have been empty. The intestines of some alcoholic specimens
contained a whitish chyle, which became chalky when dry and contained a large proportion of
carbonate of lime.
NEMATODES.
1. Ascaris sp. [PI. via, figs. 75-78.]
One specimen, a female, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, November, 1888, appears to be near A.
clavata. Some of its dimensions in millimeters are: Length, 84; diameter of head 0.36, 1 mm. back of
head 0.65, near middle (maximum) 1.85, 1 mm. from posterior end 1.12, at anal aperture 0.72; distance
from anal aperture to posterior end 0.37; length of upper lip 0.28, breadth 0.26.
The specimen is attenuate for the anterior third, posterior end coiled; diameter nearly uniform
from middle to posterior end. The upper lip is unsymmetrical and no papillae were seen on it. No
lateral alee were observed.
2. Immature nematodes (Ascaris). From body cavity. [PI. xm, figs. 166, 167.]
Six lots in the U. S. National Museum collection taken from fish captured off Marthas Vineyard
in connection with work of the U. S. Fish Commission; one lot collected at Woods Hole, August
28, 1889. The specimens are for the most part from the, outside of the alimentary canal. The bottles
contained several stomachs and intestines and a single specimen was found in one of the stomachs.
This was compared with specimens taken from capsules in the mesentery and found to be identical.
Dimensions in millimeters: Length, 21; diameter, head 0.10, near head 0.3, middle 0.44, near posterior
0.3, at anal aperture 0.15; distance anal aperture to posterior end 0.25. The outlines of the young
ascaris could be made out within the embryonic cuticle.
3. Filaria serrata sp. nov. [PI. xv, figs. 192-196.] Off Nantucket, 65 fathoms, Aug. 23, 4883.
Body armed with circles of short triangular spines. First circle about 0. 1 mm. from the anterior
end, length of spines 0.01 mm. The circles become rather indistinct back of the eighteenth, but
continue until their number is over 100, as could be seen along the margins of optical sections of the
worm. The spines become smaller in the posterior circles. Dimensions of male in millimeters:
Length, 5.8; diameter in front of first circle of spines 0.06, at first circle 0.07, middle 0.1, at anal
aperture 0.06; distance of anal aperture from posterior end 0.16; lengths of copulatory spines 0.06 and
0.03. Female (specimens not quite complete) : Length, 6.5; diameter at first circle of spines, 0.08;
maximum diameter, 0.18; ova, 0.04 and 0.02 mm. in the two principal diameters. In the males the
oesophagus is sinuous and the anterior end seemed to be inverted. The copulatory spines are unequal,
one being long, slender, and sharp-pointed; the other shorter, a little broader, appears to be forked at
the base and blunt at the tip. Six postanal and four preanal papilla: were made out on each side. The
two posterior papillae on each side are much smaller than the others and were seen in only one of the
specimens.
The male is further characterized by having four longitudinal, serrate rows of small plates in
front of the anal aperture. The length of these rows in one specimen was 0.35 mm. The component
plates 0.001 mm. in height, of varying length; some measured 0.005 in length.
C'ESTODES.
4. Ithynchobothrium . Cysts on viscera. 4, p. 795.
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BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
TREMATODES.
5. Distomum hispidum Abildgaard. Intestine. [PI. xxix, figs. 321-323.]
Taken by the schooner Grampus, south of Marthas Vineyard, in 65 to 10 fathoms, July 30, 1900;
15. Collected by Mr. C. IV. Stone. These distomes are from 3 mm. to 6 mm. in length. The necks are
densely clothed with large, coarse spines, and the body covered with short spines; acetabulum much
larger than oral sucker. Dimensions in millimeters of a specimen in glycerine somewhat compressed:
Length, 4.26; diameter of oral sucker, 0.17; diameter of acetabulum, 0.45; breadth of body, middle,
1.16; diameter of anterior testis, 0.5; length of posterior testis 0.77, breadth 0.5; ovum, 0.086 and
0. 055. mm. in the two principal diameters. So far as these specimens have been studied, they agree
closely with this species, except that the neck is flattened and tapers gradually but uniformly to the
bluntly rounded anterior end, instead of being dilated at its middle part.
Urophycis chuss ( Phycis chuss), Hake.
FOOD.
Shrimps and amphipods noted in alimentary canal of one taken in 30 fathoms off Gay Head,
August 5, 1899. Small crustaceans and lenses of small fish in alimentary canals of four young hake
taken in Katama Bay, August 30, 1899.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus acus Rudolphi. Intestine. See 3, p. 525, etc. Aug. 5, 1899, 19 specimens.
These specimens are smaller and more slender than examples from other hosts, e. g., the flounders,
but they appear to agree in all essential particulars with this species.
NEMATODES.
2. Immature nematodes (Ascar is). Peritoneum.
A small lot belonging to the U.' S. National Museum collection, collected by the U. S. Fish
Commission in 1887, agree with those mentioned under Phycis tenuis No. 2. Also found August 5,
1899, numerous; and August 2, 1900. [PL yi, figs. 53, 54.] Identical with No. 2 under Lopholatilus
chamseleonticeps and No. 2 under Paralichthys oblongus.
«
CESTODES.
3. Rhynchobothrium. Encysted on peritoneum. 4, p. 796. Also found Aug. 5, 1899.
TREMATODES.
4. Distomum ocreatum Moliu. Intestine. See 7, p. 288, pi. xxxv, figs. 16-24. Aug. 5, 1899; numerous.
These agree fairly well with this species. The oral sucker exceeds the acetabulum slightly in the
preserved specimens, which are contracted and measure 1 mm. or less, excluding the appendix. Ova
0. 024 and 0.014 in the two principal diameters.
5. Distomum appendiculatum Rudolphi. Intestine. See 7, p. 289, pi. xxxvi, figs. 25, 26.
Twenty-one distomes from two young hake, seined in Katama Bay, August 28, 1900, are to be
referred to this species. They were very active and variable in form. At rest the length is about 2.6
mm. Diameter of oral sucker, 0.09 mm.; of acetabulum, 0.19 mm.; body serrate, neck very short,
cirrus pouch behind acetabulum; vitellaria, two and globular; ova, 0.024 and 0.010 mm. in the two
principal diameters.
Enchelyopus cimbrius, Four-bearded Rockling.
FOOD.
But one specimen examined. This was taken in the trawl net in about 30 fathoms of water off
Gay Head, August 5, 1899. Shrimps, amphipods, and a few small univalve mollusks in the alimentary
canal.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus acus Rudolphi. Intestine. One female; agrees with this species in all essentials.
See 3, p. 525, etc.
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
479
NEMATODES.
2. Immature nematodes.
Rather numerous; different sizes, but all small and immature. Dimensions of one in millimeters:
Length, 18; diameter, anterior 0.09, middle 0.6, at base of oesophagus 0.38, at anal aperture 0.19;
distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.25; length of oesophagus, 0.65. Diverticulum from
oesophagus at its juncture with the intestine.
TREMATODES.
3. Distomum sp. [PI. xxix, fig. 330.]
A small number obtained from the intestine. These resemble I). tenue, but oral spines are
wanting. The following characterization is based on alcoholic specimens: Body elongate, linear,
depressed; neck slightly elongate, equaling about one-fifth of the whole length, armed with minute,
flat spines; mouth unarmed; oral sucker somewhat smaller than acetabulum, nearly globular, but
with notch on posterior inner border; acetabulum nearly globular, transverse diameter exceeding the
length; pharynx oblong, separated by a distance equal to its length from the oral sucker and followed
by an oesophagus of equal length; intestinal rami simple, elongate, extending to near the posterior
end of the body; testes, two in posterior half, occupying nearly whole diameter of the body, separated
from each other by a space equal to the diameter of each; anterior testis preceded by the globular
ovary; ova relatively few (50, more or less) and large; vitellaria generally distributed in the body
back of acetabulum, especially at posterior end and along margins, in transverse sections appearing as
subglobular bodies around the periphery; seminal receptacle dorsal to acetabulum; genital opening
in front of the acetabulum and close to it on the median line.
Dimensions of specimen cleared in acetic acid, slightly compressed, in millimeters: Length, 3.62;
diameter, middle of neck 0.32, maximum 0.5, near posterior end 0.3, transverse of oral sucker 0.13
(in another specimen 0.11), transverse of acetabulum 0.17 (in another 0.13); pharynx, length 0.12,
breadth 0.07; diameter, of ovary 0.23, of anterior testis 0.32, of posterior testis 0.35; ova, 0.07 and 0.04
in the two principal diameters. Spines seen only on the neck, longest on ventral side of neck, where
they are about 0.006 mm. in length. In one specimen the oral sucker nearly equaled the acetabulum,
the diameters being 0.27 and 0.29 mm. These specimens resemble I), increscens Olsson, but differ
from that species in the proportions of the suckers and in the position of the genital aperture.
Brosmius brosme, Ling.
U. S. National Museum collection. The label reads: “Ling, stomach, U. S. Fish Commission
steamer Albatross, station 2577, 1885.” This station was established September 4, 1885, off Marthas
Vineyard; depth, 32 fathoms.
NEMATODES.
1. Ascaris sp. Immature. Stomach.
Ten and 3 fragments. Length, about 25 mm.; attenuate anteriorly, thickened toward posterior
end, which is short-pointed and mucronate; surface of body crossed by fine transverse stride, most
easily seen toward the posterior end. Dimensions in millimeters of a male and a female, the
dimensions of the male given first: Length, 25 and 25; diameter of head 0.2 and 0.2, 2 mm. back of
head 0.35 and 0.45, middle 0.50 and 0.63, 2 mm. from posterior end 0.6 and 0.62, at anal aperture 0.15
and 0.3; distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.18 and 0.4; length of head, 0.15 and 0.17. The
breadth of the upper lip in the male was 0.14 and its length 0.15; length of eopulatory spines 1.3, of
oesophagus 3; no papillse were made out. Some variability was noted in the proportions of the upper
lip in different specimens. There was, however, but little difference between the length and the
breadth. The length was not less than the breadth, but it did not exceed the breadth much in any case.
Nematonurus goodei ( Macrurus asper ) .
NEMATODES.
1. Ascaris linstowi Sp. nov. Stomach. [PI. iii, figs. 23-25, and pi. iv, figs. 26-28.]
Two specimens, a male and a female, from this deep-water fish were collected from a fish taken
by the U. S. Fish Commission off the southern coast of New England in 1884. While these specimens
resemble Linstow’s A. macruri and still more closely his A. macruroidei (Challenger Report, vol. xxm,
part lxxi, p. 7, 8, pi. i, figs. 10, 11, text figure 1) , they can not be referred to either. The bodies are
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BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
attenuate anteriorly, the greatest diameter being not far from the posterior end. The postanal portion
is slender but more acute in the male than in the female. In the male the posterior end is recurved.
The body is crossed by very fine transverse striae. The lips are without tooth plates. The upper lip
is somewhat elliptical, its dimensions in the female being, length 0.2 mm., breadth at middle 0.19 mm.,
breadth at base 0.1 mm. Six postanal papillae were made out in the male, two pairs remote from the
anus and one pair near. Twelve preanal papillae were seen — that is, two groups of three each — on each
side; the papillae in the anterior group not so close together as those in the posterior group, which lies
a short distance in front of the anal aperture.
Dimensions of the two specimens in millimeters, the numbers for the male standing first: Length,
33 and 56; diameter of head 0.2 and 0.3, 2 mm. back of head 0.5 and 0.7, maximum (near posterior end)
0. 68. and 1.46, 2 mm. from posterior end 0.68 and 0.9, at anal aperture 0.24 and 0.5; distance from anal
aperture to posterior end 0.2 and 1.10; length of oesophagus, male 2.44; length of copulatory spines, 2.3.
Macrourus bairdii, Baird's Grenadier.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1 . Echinorhynchus acus Rudolph i.
U. S. National Museum collection; collected by the U. S. Fish Commission, station 894. Largest
specimen in this lot measures 21 mm. in length; diameter near anterior end 1.1 mm., near middle 0.8
nun., near posterior end 0.6 mm. In a male of this lot the number and arrangement of testes, cement
glands, and vas deferens agreed with the specimens from the flat-fish. See 3, p. 525, etc.
NEMATODES.
2. Ascaris sp. Immature. [PL xiv, figs. 173-178.]
U. S. National Museum collection, four lots, collected by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer
Albatross , stations 894, 2201, and 2739. These are all immature and range in length from 15 mm. to 33
mm. In most of the specimens the embryonic cuticle was still attached, but in the process of sloughing
off. There is considerable variation in the lips and in the appearance of the posterior end with the
degree of development. On this account it is exceedingly difficult to characterize these immature
nematodes briefly. Dimensions of one in millimeters are given: Length, 32; diameter of head 0.17,
near head 0.25, middle 0.6, near posterior end 0.33, at anal aperture 0.25, 5 mm. back of head 0.65, 5
mm. from posterior end 0.55; length of oesophagus, 3.3; distance from anal aperture to posterior end,
0.45. In a specimen measuring 33 mm. in length the greatest diameter was about 10 mm. from the
posterior end. The body is smooth except for exceedingly minute transverse lines; lateral jaws with
about three teeth; upper lip without papilla?, at least none were made out; length and breadth of lips
nearly equal. The interlip in most is very short.
3. Undetermined nematode. Stomach. [PL xix, figs. 224-227.]
A nematode which resembles some of the free forms like Enoplus was found in the U. S. National
Museum collection from the stomach of this host, U. S. Fish Commission station 894. This is one of
the dredging stations established by the steamer Fish Hawk, October 2, 1880; depth, 365 fathoms.
The specimens are slender-fusiform, with a tendency to assume an arcuate position. Four pairs of
small, gently curving spines were counted around the mouth of one of the specimens, and a few others
a short distance back of the head. The anterior end was retracted in one so that the specimen bore
some resemblance superficially to Echinorhynchus; posterior end acuminate. Body wall rather thick
and dense, with a few delicate longitudinal fibers and exceedingly minute and crowded transverse fibers.
The oesophagus is long and slender. About midway of its length a muscular sheath of coarse
longitudinal fibers begins, which incloses its basal portion, and, continuing, envelops the intestine and
reproductive organs. A reproductive opening was noticed in one specimen a little in front of the
middle in the wall of the muscular sheath. The aperture in the outside wall did not quite coincide
with it, but had probably been displaced by the distortion of the specimen under the cover glass.
Dimensions in millimeters: Length, 12.5; diameter, anterior 0.12, middle 0.4, at anal aperture 0.13;
distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.22; length of oesophagus, 1.54; distance of reproductive
aperture from head, 5.5; transverse diameter of reproductive aperture 0.024, axial diameter 0.018.
The reproductive aperture was surrounded by a sphincter 0.01 mm. thick.
CESTODES.
4. Iihynchobothriuin. Cysts. 4, p. 796, pi. nxiir, figs. 7, 8.
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
481
TEEMATODES.
5. Distomumlseve Linton. 6, pp. 517-518, pi. xliii, figs. 5-8; pi. xliv, fig. 1.
Hippoglossus platessoides, Sand-dab.
NEMATODES.
1. Ascaris incurva Rudolphi (?) ; young.
Two immature specimens obtained from rectum of a sand-dab by Mr. B. A. Bean. The fish was
taken off Race Point in 34 fathoms, August 25, 1899. The head agrees with this species; the tail,
however, is too blunt unless they are immature males, which appears to be the case. Dimensions in
millimeters: Length, 25; diameter, head 0.20, at base of oesophagus 0.58, middle 0.84, at anal aperture
0.23, one millimeter from posterior end 0.51; length of head 0.19, of oesophagus 3.84; distance from
anal aperture to posterior end, 0.22. There appears to be an anterior prolongation of intestine parallel
with oesophagus, 1.45 mm. in length. The intestine near the posterior end is capacious, with crumpled
walls.
2. Iclithyonema sp. Intestine.
A slender nematode collected August 8, 1899. Almost the entire body was filled with elliptical
ova 0.041 and 0.024 mm. in the two principal diameters. Slender attenuate anteriorly, more rapidly
attenuate and acute at posterior end. Other dimensions in millimeters: (Esophagus at anterior end
0.058 in diameter, nearly cylindrical for a distance of 0.43, where it increases abruptly from 0.072 to
0.094, increasing thence to the base, where it is 0.26 in diameter; whole length of oesophagus, 3.9;
length of worm, 15; diameter, anterior 0.06, middle 0.4.
Paralichthys dentatus, Flounder.
FOOD.
The stomachs usually contain fish and squid. In one case 18 squid were taken from the stomach
of a single flounder. A hermit crab along with fish, squid, small fish and crustaceans, are other
records of contents of alimentary canals of the flounder.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Ecliinorhynclius acus Rudolphi. Intestine. 3, pji. 525-528, pi. lx, figs. 89, 90.
2. Echinorhynchus proteus Westrumb. On mesentery. 7, p. 283.
3. Echinorhynchus incrassalus Molin. Peritoneum. 3, pp. 533-534, pi. lviii, figs. 54-69a. July 18,
1899.
4. Echmorhynchus sagittifer Linton. On viscera. S , pp. 493-496, pi. vi, figs. 1, 2. 3, pp. 535-536,
pi. lix, fig. 80.
NEMATODES.
5. Immature nematodes {Ascaris). [PI. xn, figs. 143-146; pi. xm, tigs. 147-151.]
Of very frequent occurrence, encapsuled in the mesentery and on the viscera, 1884 to 1889.
Flounders were examined in 1899 on sixteen dates and nematodes recorded on nine of these. They
were examined on five dates in 1900 and nematodes recorded on each date. They occurred in varying
numbers, though only once numerous.
6. /I scarfs (?) sp. Intestine. [PI. vn, figs. 57-61.]
Two specimens obtained on August 9 and one on August 23, 1900; all females, active and mature.
These worms are small, white, translucent. The mouth is relatively large and surrounded by three
low, inconspicuous, rounded lobes, each of which is provided on its inner surface with a large number
of minute teeth and apparently a single papilla. The body is short, cylindrical, truncate in front,
slender pointed at posterior end. The diameter equals about one-tenth of the entire length. It is
nearly uniform from the anterior end to the middle, or a little behind the middle; that is, about to
the genital opening, whence it tapers very gradually toward the posterior end, narrowing rapidly just
in front of the anus and likewise just at the anus. The tip is slender, but short acuminate. The
intestine is capacious. A short anterior diverticulum embraces the base of the oesophagus on one side
and a longer one on the other. The ovaries are voluminous, the genital opening a little behind the
middle of the length.
F. C. B. 1899—31
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BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
Dimensions of living worm in millimeters: Length, 4; distance of genital aperture from anterior
end, 2.3; length of oesophagus, 0.65; diameter of head 0.23, at genital aperture 0.38, two-tenths of a
millimeter in front of the anal aperture 0.25, at anal aperture 0.09; distance of anal aperture from
posterior end, 0.11.
7. Ichthyonema sanguineum Rudolphi. Mouth. 7, pp. 283, 304, pi. xliii, figs. 120, 121.
CESTODES.
8. Larval cestodes (Scolex polymorphus Dujardin) . In cystic duct and free in intestine. 4, pp. 789-792,
pi. lxi, figs. 4-15. 7, p. 283.
Found frequently in 1899 and 1900. I have not been making observations on these forms ( Scolex
polymorphus) for a good many years. I have recorded their occurrence, however, whenever observed.
No doubt if special search were made for them their known range in American fishes could be greatly
extended. On August 23, 1900, I noted these larvae in the flounder, and found among them forms
with a very distinct costa on the bothrium. Red pigment spots were present in the neck, and the
terminal sucker was conspicuous. While I was watching them I noticed lhat four had attached
themselves to the scolex of a tetrarhynclius, which was in the same dish, thus becoming ecto-parasites,
or carnivorous enemies of the latter.
9. Rhynchobothrium bulbifer Linton. Cysts on viscera.
Larval cestodes encysted in the mesentery are very common, and have been noted on various
occasions. Many of them have been too immature for identification. Noted on six dates in 1899 and
on four in 1900. 4, p. 767. 7, p. 283. Some of these small cysts contained larvae with proboscides
resembling those figured in 4, pi. lxiii, fig. 12.
10. Rhynchobothrium imparispine Linton. On viscera. 4, pp. 799-801, pi. lxiv, figs. 9-12.
11. Rhynchobothrium heterospine Linton. On viscera. 7, p. 283. See 4, p. 799, pi. lxiv, figs. 3-8.
12. Rhynchobothrium speciosum Linton, (hi viscera. 4, pp. 801-805, id. lxiv, figs. 13,14, and pi.
lxv, figs. 1-7.
13. Tetrarhynclius bisidcatus Linton. In submucosa of stomach. 4, pp. 810-811, pi. lxvi, figs. 11-15.
7, p. 283.
Cysts with larvae ( Tetrarhynclius ) found very frequently in submucosa of stomach in 1899 and
1900. Some appear to be T. robustus (4, p. 452), but the most of them are T. bisulcatus.
14. Tetrarhynclius bicolor Bartels.
A single specimen, August 15, 1899, in material washed out of alimentary canal. Color, white.
In other particulars it agrees with this species; length, 3.5 mm. See 4, pp. 813-815, pi. Lxvnr,
figs. 1-6.
15. Synbothrium filicolle Linton. Encysted in stomach wall. 4, p. 817, pi. lxviii, fig. 8.
TREMATODES.
16. Dididophdsrh affinis Linton. \Octoplectanum affine Linton.] Mouth. 4, pp. 511-512, pi. xl, figs.
10-13, and pi. xli, figs. 1-5. Found twice in 1899 and once in 1900, one in each find.
17. Dislomum appendiculcitum Rudolphi. Intestine. 7, pp. 283, 289, pi. xxxvi, figs. 25, 26. July
15, 1899; 2.
18. Dislomum monticellii Linton. Intestine. Aug. 18, 1899; 1. See 4, pp. 518-520, pi. xliv, figs. 2-8.
19. Distomum vitellosurn Linton. Intestine. Aug. 23, 1899. July 26, 1900, few. See 7, p. 290, pi.
xxxvii, figs. 38, 39.
Two small distomes were obtained from a flounder from Muskeget Channel, August 17, 1899,
which resemble this species in the general arrangement of the reproductive organs and proportions of
the acetabula, etc. The bodies, however, were transversely corrugated in a very peculiar manner.
This has been alluded to under Microgctdus (No. 6, D. simplex). The posterior edge of the acetabulum
was deeply notched so as to form two or three blunt, digitate lobes. [PI. xxx, fig. 336.]
20. Distomum pudens Linton. 7, pp. 283, 290-291, pi. xxxvii, figs. 40-47.
21. Distomum sp. [PI. xxxi, lig. 345, pi. xxxii, fig. 352.]
Three small distomes collected August 22, 1899, are here referred to briefly. They bear a close
resemblance to No. 11 under Rhombus triacanthus. One of these was sketched at the time of collecting
(fig. 352). This specimen bears some resemblance to D. pudens, but the oesophagus is much longer
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
483
than in the forms upon which that species was based. No spines were noted, but the body was
crossed by line transverse stria. Dimensions of living specimen in millimeters: Length, 1.19;
diameter, anterior 0.08, middle 0.23, of oral sucker 0.07, of acetabulum 0.07; ova, 0.052 and 0.034 in the
two principal diameters. Spherical bodies were noted in the excretory vessels. Associated with this
distome were two smaller, oval, minutely spinose distomes. Dimensions, life, in millimeters: Length,
0.73; diameter, a-nterior 0.1, middle 0.34, of anterior sucker 0.07, acetabulum 0.08; ova, 0.065 and
0.04 mm. in the two principal diameters; diameter of spherical bodies, 0.02. An immature distome
collected August 30 probably belongs to this species (fig. 345). Some of these small oval distomes
resemble I), pyriforme.
22. Distomum dentaturn Linton. Intestine. 7, pp. 283, 294, pi. xxxix, figs. 64-67.
Found on seven different dates in 1899. July 26, 1900, adults with ova, smaller without; the
young were relatively much more slender than the adults. August 9, 1 900; numerous. August 10, 1900;
about 12, large and small. The following note was made at the time of collecting the specimens referred
to this species on August 9: Younger specimens translucent, bluish, older specimens yellowish. A few
of the older ones without spines thought at first to be different species. Seen by making comparative
measurements to be the same except for the matter of spines, and that the ova in the spineless ones
seemed to be a little larger. Either these spineless forms will prove to belong to some species like
D. vitellosum or D. simplex or they will have to be regarded as examples of T>. dentaturn which have
lost not only the large spines from the mouth, but the smaller spines from the body as well. A
reexamination of these specimens leads me to conclude that those which do not have the spines around
the mouth belong to this species. The oral spines are evidently lost in the older worms. Three
distomes collected August 14, 1899, were thought at first to belong to a different species, on account of
what appeared to be a peculiarity in the structure of the oral spines. These appeared to be directed
forward and to be hastate in shape. This appearance was later found to be due to the fact that the
oral sucker was everted to such an extent as to bring the bases of the spines in focus first. The only
important differences observable between these specimens and the I), dentaturn as originally described
is that the opening of the acetabulum is round instead of transverse, and the pharynx pyriform, broader
than long, in alcoholic specimens, but such characters should be given little weight in the determination
of distomes. The following measurements are given for the purpose of comparison with those given
in the description of the species. Dimensions of living specimen in millimeters: Length, 2.86; diameter
at anterior sucker 0.29, at acetabulum 0.76, middle 0.75, posterior 0.42; oral sucker, length 0.24,
breadth 0.24; acetabulum, length 0.23, breadth 0.24; pharynx, length 0.19, breadth 0.18; length of
oral spines, longer 0.03, shorter 0.02; length of body spines, 0.017; ova, 0.079 and 0.041 in the two
principal diameters. Dimensions of alcoholic specimen in millimeters: Length, 2.03; transverse
diameter of oral sucker 0.17, of acetabulum 0.2; pharynx, length 0.1, breadth 0.16; ova, length from
0. 055 to 0.072, breadth 0.038 to 0.041 ; anterior border of acetabulum 0.5 from anterior end. The distome
noted in 7, p. 296, pi. xl, figs. 73-75, may be a specimen of D. dentaturn which has lost the oral spines.
KIIYNCHOBDELLIDA.
23. Leech. From mouth. This is probably a young specimen of Pontobdella rapu r Verrill. See under
tSteuotornus, No. 14.
' The specimen was red when first seen. After lying overnight in water it became yellowish
green, and when put in Gilson’s mecuro-nitric solution changed to a decided grass-green. July 24,
1899. Dimensions in millimeters, alcoholic: Length, 8.25; diameter (maximum) of body 0.42, of
posterior sucker 0.57, of anterior sucker 0.42, of neck 0.28.
Paralichthys oblongus, Four-spotted Flounder.
POOD.
August 5, 1899; 4. Taken in the trawl in about 30 fathoms of water off Gay Head: Shrimps,
amphipods, and other small crustaceans, annelids, a small lamellibranch mollusk, shell of Utriculus
canaliculatus, and another univalve shell with a worm tube on it in alimentary tracts. Aug. 16, 1899; 4. .
Large numbers of amphipods, shrimps, etc., a few small crabs, and small fish in alimentary tracts.
August 2, 1900; 4. Taken in Muskeget Channel. Small crabs ( Cancer ) and shrimps in stomach.
ACANTKOCEPHALA.
1. Ecliinorhynchus acus Rudolph!. Intestine. Aug. 16, 1899; 1. See 8, p. 525, etc.
484
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
NEMATODES.
2. Immature nematodes ( Ascaris ). [PI. xm, figs. 152,153.]
Found on each of the dates given above. These appear to be identical with small nematodes
found in a number of different species of fish. Some of these were compared with specimens from
Urophycis chuss and Lopholatilus chamseleonticeps. All of these were living at the time. They agreed in
all essential characters. At the junction of the oesophagus and intestine there is a diverticulum from
each, one from the intestine which extends forward parallel with the oesophagus and one from the
oesophagus which extends backward parallel with the intestine.
Dimensions in millimeters of a small specimen collected August 2, 1900: Length, 10.5; diameter
of head, 0.07; diameter at nerve ring, 0.17; diameter at anal aperture, 0.11; distance of nerve ring from
anterior end, 0.36; length of oesophagus, 1.45; distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.19.
Figs. 152 and 153 are sketches of a specimen from a lot of immature nematodes collected by the
U. S. Fish Commission in 1883, station 1158. Length, 22 mm., of nearly uniform diameter throughout
(0.4 mm.); distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.15; diameter at anal aperture, 0.12.
CESTODES.
3. Dibothrium punctatum Rudolphi.
A small, slender, immature specimen from the intestine, collected August 16, 1899, probably
belongs to this species. See 54, pp. 731-736, pi. ii, figs. 1-4.
4. Larval cestodes ( Scolex polymorphus Dujardin). Free in intestine. Found both in 1899 and 1900.
See 4, pp. 789-792, etc.
5. Rhynchobothrium. Encysted on viscera. Found in 1899. 4, p. 798.
6. Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus Linton. Submucosa of stomach. Found in 1899 and 1900. See 4, p.
810, etc.
Bothus maculatus ( Lophopsetta, macidata), Sand-dab, Window-pane.
NEMATODES.
1 . Immature nematodes (Ascaris) .
Common in this as in the other flounders, encapsuled on viscera. A small lot in the U. S. National
Museum collection from the Grand Banks (schooner ,/. A. Chapman) in poor condition, as if macerated,
from turbot, here recorded. Lengths, 37 mm. to 55 mm.; greatest diameter, 2 mm. Anteriorly
attenuate. [PI. xm, flgs. 154-156.]
CESTODES.
2. Dihothrium punctat/urn Rudolphi. Intestine. I , pp. 731-736, pi. ii, flgs. 1-4. 5, p. 430.
3. Rhynchobothrium imparispinc Linton. 4, pp. 799-801, pi. Lxrv, figs. 9-12.
Limanda ferruginea, Rusty Flat-fish.
FOOD.
The alimentary tract in some cases contained enormous numbers of crustaceans; of these,
amphipods were most numerous, but shrimps, schizopods, small crabs, Caprella, and Squilla also found;
annelids, different species; bivalve and univalve mollusks; small fish.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchm acus Rudolphi. Intestine. 51, p. 525, etc.
In two lots of the U. S. National Museum collection. Off Block Island, 1880. August 5, 1899.
August 16, 1900; 30, a few quite small. August 2, 1900; 14.
NEMATODES.
2. Immature nematodes (Ascaris).
August 5 and 16, 1899. These are similar to immature nematodes found in a great variety of
fishes. Most of those which I have seen appear to be young ascarids.
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
485
CESTODES.
'3. Dibothrium punctatum Rudolphi. Intestine. 2, pp. 731-736, pi. n, figs. 1-4. 5, p. 430. 7, p. 284.
July 21, 1899; 2, length 8 mm. and 180 mm. Aug 2, 1900; 1.
4. Larval cestodes (Scole.v polymorphus Dujardin) . Free in intestine. -I, pp. 789-792, pi. lxi, tigs. 4-15.
Aug. 2, 1900.
5. Rhynchobothrium imparispine Linton. July 21, 1899. Encysted on viscera. See 5, p. 799, etc.
Other Rhynchobothrium cysts not identified July 21 and August 6, 1899.
THEM ATOIIES.
6. Distomum vitellosum Linton. Intestine. July 21, 1899; about 45. See 7, p. 290.
7. Distomum simplex Rudolphi. Intestine. Aug. 16, 1899; 25, length 2 mm. to 4 mm.; ova, 0.099 mm.
and 0.055 mm. in the two principal diameters.
8. Distomum sp. Intestine. [PI. xxxtr, fig. 359, and pi. xxxm, figs. 360-362.] Aug. 16, 1899; 5.
Aug. 2, 1900; 1.
These are small fusiform distomes with the following diagnostic characters: Body smooth,
fusiform, thickest about the middle, tapering nearly equally to each end. Anterior sucker subterminal,
circular, aperture somewhat triangular in preserved specimens. Acetabulum a little in front of
middle, larger than oral sucker, aperture nearly circular. Pharynx subglobular, close to oral sucker,
oesophagus distinct. Intestinal rami simple, extending to the ovarjn Vitellaria distributed in the
median regions of the body from testes to pharynx. Testes two, rather large, placed a little diagonally
on the median line near posterior end of body. Ovary smaller than testes, subglobular or slightly
lobed, situated in front of anterior testis and to the right. Ova few, large, in front of ovary. Cirrus
pouch to right of acetabulum. Genital aperture about halfway between acetabulum and oral sucker,
to right of median line, at about midway between pharynx and acetabulum. Dimensions of living
specimen, in millimeters: Length, 2.57; diameter, anterior 0.25, middle 0.93, posterior 0.21; diameter
of oral sucker 0.21, of acetabulum 0.36; anterior testis, length 0.43, breadth 0.36; posterior testis,
length 0.43, breadth 0.37; ova, 0.065 and 0.041 in the two principal diameters. Length of another
specimen, 1.57. Dimensions measured from transverse sections: Diameter of oral sucker 0.19, of
acetabulum 0.33, of ovary 0.17, of testes, each 0.3. The ratio of oral sucker to acetabulum is somewhat
different from the foregoing, their diameters in one of thespecimens being 0.14 mm. and 0.17 mm. This
for a specimen in glycerine. This species has some resemblance to D. commune Olsson. Its resemblance
to the fusiform distome which 1 have referred to I), bothryophoron Olsson is only superficial.
Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Flat-fish , Winter Flounder.
FOOD.
A specimen examined August 16, 1899, had in the alimentary canal large numbers of shrimps and
other small crustaceans and one small fish. Four small specimens from Katama Bay, August 30, had,
in their alimentary tracts, both univalve and bivalve shells, small crustaceans, and annelids. An equal
number, also small, from same locality, July 27, 1900, contained nereis and fragments of red seaweed
with sand.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Echinorhynchus acvs Rudolphi. Intestine. 1, pp. 492-493, pi. v, figs. 7-13. 3, pp. 525-528, pi.
liii, figs. 1-11, and pi. lx, figs. 89, 90. 7, p. 284.
In eleven lots in U. S. National Museum collection, seven of them collected by V. N. Edwards in
October, November, and December, 1887, 1888, the others taken off Newport at Fish Commission
dredging stations Nos. 789, 796, 861. In most of these lots the specimens are numerous, 350 having been
counted in one of them. Found in this host July 21 and August 30, 1899, and July 27, 1900.
NEMATODES.
2. Immature nematodes (Ascaris).
These resemble the forms mentioned under P. oblongus , No. 2, July 27, 1900.
2a. Ascaris sp. [PI. ix, figs. 88,89.]
One specimen, a male, collected July 23, 1889. Moderately attenuate anteriorly and very little
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BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
attenuate posteriorly; lips with papillae and dentigerous; body rather rigid and crossed by uniform
transverse wrinkles; no alte; postanal region short conical, tip slightly mucronate. Two postanal
papillae seen, and at least twenty preanal papillae counted on one side; spines* slender. Dimensions
in millimeters: Length, 17; diameter of head 0.18, 1 mm. back of head 0.32, maximum 0.65, 1 mm.
from posterior end 0.47, at anal aperture 0.18; distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.13; length
of oesophagus, 2.8; upper lip, length 0.16, breadth 0.14.
CESTODES.
3. Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus Linton. Encysted in stomach wall. Aug. 16, 1900. See I, p. 810, etc.
4. Tetrarhynchus. Encysted on peritoneum. 4, p. 809.
TREMATODES.
5. Distomum appencliculatum Rudolphi. Intestine. Aug. 16, 1899; few. See 7, p. 289.
6. Distomum. grandiporum Rudolphi. Intestine. Aug. 10, 1900; 1. See©, pp. 520-52:1, nl. xliv, fig. 9.
This specimen agrees with published descriptions of this species very closely. Body smooth,
translucent yellowish white by transmitted light. During life the worm was yellowish-white with
reflected light, suckers pale; genitalia generally, including the uterus, opaque white; intestine
conspicuous, dark brown, rami unbranched, but with irregular outline, extending to posterior end.
Some of the dark-brown contents of the intestine ejected from the mouth while the worm was under
pressure. The worm was very active, and the caudal appendix was long, slender, and attenuate. While
under pressure the worm naturally lay on its side. In that position the acetabulum was seen to be
much larger than the oral sucker. The worm showed a disposition to double up and adhere by both
suckers to the posterior part of the body; while so doing considerable portions would be drawn inside
the cavities of the suckers. When placed in the killing fluid it contracted to about 5 mm. and became
cylindrical and plump.
7. Distomum globiporum Rudolphi (?). Intestine. [PI. xxxr, fig. 347.] Aug. 30, 1899; 3.
These specimens agree very closely with descriptions of this species. About the only difference
that I note is that in these the oesophagus is not longer than the pharynx. Dimensions of a specimen
in glycerine given in millimeters: Length, 4.35; diameter, anterior 0.51, middle 1, posterior 0.22, of
oral sucker 0.33, of acetabulum 0.36; pharynx globular, diameter 0.16; anterior testis, length, 0.58,
breadth 0.62; posterior testis, length 0.53, breadth 0.58; ovary globular, diameter 0.22; ova, 0.71 and
0.50 in the two principal diameters. But one ovum was seen in the specimen measured. The ovary
lies a little to the right of the median line. It is immediately preceded by the cirrus pouch. The
cirrus passes to right of acetabulum and opens at its anterior border on the median line. The acetabulum
is situated at about the anterior fourth. Testes close together on median line, a little back of middle.
Vitellaria fill posterior part of body back of testes and extend laterally nearly to the acetabulum.
These specimens closely resemble those referred to D. simplex, but differ in size and in the proportions
of the suckers.
8. Distomum vitellosum Linton. Intestine. 7, p. 290. [PI. xxx, fig. 340, a, 5.] Aug. 16, 1899.
A few small distomes, of exceedingly variable form while living, suggest D. commune Olsson
(Ent. Skand. Hafsfisk, ii, p. 13, iv, p. 79). Body smooth, cylindrical; acetabulum prominent, much
larger than oral sucker. Length of alcoholic specimen, 0.87 mm.; diameter, 0.36 mm. A living
specimen, 1 mm. in length when contracted, measured 1.72 mm. a few seconds afterwards. In
life the transverse diameter of the oral sucker was 0.14 mm., of the acetabulum 0.24 mm. An ovum
measured 0.048 and 0.031 mm. in the two principal diameters. In alcoholic specimens the body
is elliptical-oblong, the neck is very short, conical. The acetabulum is twice the diameter of the
oral sucker, and has a narrow, transverse opening. The' oesophagus is short, the pharynx rather large
and globose. The vitellaria extend from posterior end to the acetabulum. Genital aperture in front
of acetabulum to the left of the median line. The habit of the body is rather stouter, and its walls
appeared to be somewhat more resistant than D. vitellosum; otherwise the agreement with that species
is very close.
9. Distomum areolatum Rudolphi. Aug. 5, 1899; numerous. See 7, p. 293, pi. xxxix, figs. 60-63.
10. Distomum sp. In globular cysts on viscera and in intestinal walls. Aug. 30, 1899.
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
487
PROTOZOA.
11. Sporozoa. [PL i, fig. 4.]
Two small specimens from Katama Bay were examined August 28, 1900. The walls of the intestine
of one throughout almost the entire length and of the other for a short distance were completely
covered with sporocysts. The cysts were irregular where crowded together; where not crowded together,
which was in but few places, they were elliptical or spherical, of various sizes, but comparatively few
reaching 1 mm. in diameter and none much exceeding that. Spores oblong-ovate about 0.003 mm. in
length by 0.0015 mm. in diameter. Intestine where affected was chalky-white in color.
Glyptocephalus cynogiossus, Craig Flounder.
NEMATODES.
1. Ascaris sp. Immature. [PI. ix, figs. 95,96.]
One specimen, which agrees closely with No. 1 under Hemilripterus americanvs in the U. S. National
Museum collection; locality not given. The habit of the body is stouter than that of the specimens
from the sea raven, and the upper lip is relatively larger and more oval. It is somewhat attenuate in
front, increasing posteriorly; short pointed back of anal aperture, with mucronate tip. The latter,
when highly magnified, is seen to be rough tuberculate and the anal aperture has prominent rounded
lips. Measurements in millimeters: Length, 40; diameter of head 0.33, 3 mm. back of head 0.58,
maximum 1.5, 3 mm. in front of anal aperture 1, at anal aperture 0.48; distance of anal aperture from
posterior tip, 0.48.
Achirus fasciatus, Hog-choker.
FOOD.
Eight specimens examined August 2 and eleven on August 11, this summer (1900), had only
vegetable debris ( Fucus and eelgrass) in the alimentary canals.
TREMATODES.
1. Distomum appendiculatum Rudolphi. Intestine. One specimen Aug. 10, 1900. See 7, p. 289.
This distome was found in two other species of fish (alewife and sea robin) taken in seine at the
same time as the host of this worm. These fish were taken at the head of Buzzards Bay, at Wareham.
2. Two small distomes, young. [PI. xxxt, fig. 351.]
One of these distomes, when flattened under the compressor, was elliptical in outline. Dimensions
of living specimen in millimeters: Length, 0.26; breadth, 0.20; oral sucker, length 0.07, breadth 0.06;
acetabulum, diameter 0.05.
Lophius piscatorius, Goose-fish.
FOOD.
Aug. 30, 1887. — A specimen taken south of Cuttyhunk had in its stomach a large quantity of
mud which was rich in mollusca, annelids, and small crustaceans.
Aug. 5, 1899. — A small specimen had in stomach a winter flounder almost as large as the
goose-fish.
Aug. 18, 1899. — Alimentary canal with fragments of fish.
ACANTHOCEPHALA.
1. Ecldnorhynchus acus Rudolphi. Intestine. 3, p. 525, etc. 7, p. 284. Aug., 1899; 3.
2. Echinorliynchus incrassalus Molin. Peritoneum. 3, pp. 533-534, pi. lviii, figs. 54-69u.
NEMATODES.
3. A scar is increscens Molin. [PI. viii, fig. 64.]
U. S. National Museum collection; Vinal N. Edwards, collector; five specimens; females. Body
slender, attenuate anteriorly, of nearly uniform size for the posterior two-thirds of the length. The
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BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
lateral alee extend about 2 mm. back of head and are about one-tenth mm. broad at the widest part.
Postanal region short, conical. Dimensions of one of the specimens in millimeters: Length, 37;
diameter of head 0.18, maximum of body 0.5, 1 mm. from posterior end 0.45, at anal aperture 0.18;
distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.15; length of oesophagus, 3.5.
4. Immature nematodes (Ascaris) . [PI. xv, figs. 185-187.]
A. From intestine. Numerous examples of immature nematodes were found in the intestine of
a goose-fish August 30, 1887. Body of nearly uniform diameter, tapering nearly equally to each end;
greatest diameter a little in front of middle; body crossed with regular transverse striae. Dimensions
in millimeters: Length, 8; diameter 1 mm. back of head 0.36, 1 mm. from posterior end 0.28, at anal
aperture 0.11; distance of anal aperture from posterior end, 0.22; length of oesophagus, 1.5.
B. Encapsuled in peritoneum, over viscera generally, and sometimes on wall of body cavity [pi.
•xiv, figs. 179,180]; often in great numbers. I have record of three finds of these worms, July and
August. In the U. S. National Museum collection there are 11 lots from this host, nearly all collected
by Mr. Vinal N. Edwards. In most cases the specimens are of various sizes up to 45 mm. and 48 mm.
in length. In the larger specimens the posterior ends are more abruptly pointed than in the smaller,
suggesting A. increscens. Bodies crossed by fine transverse stripe. The worms are usually coiled in a
helix or fiat coil, and sometimes are surrounded with a brown, waxy secretion of degenerate connective
tissue in the capsule. In one lot a few were seen to be penetrating t he walls of the stomach. In one
of the lots three immature females were found in which the upper lip corresponds with Schneider’s
figure of Ascaris rigida Budolphi. The body is slender, tapering for a short distance at each end,
crossed by exceedingly delicate transverse stripe, which are about 0.003 mm. apart. Dimensions in
millimeters: Length, 18; diameter of head 0.12, of body 0.33, at. anal aperture0.ll; distance of anal
aperture from posterior end, 0.15.
5. Cucullanus globosus Zeder. [PI. xvn, fig. 205.]
A single specimen, a male from the intestine of a goose-fish, agrees with those from the cod,
which I have referred to this species. See under Gadus callarias, No. 3. Dimensions, in millimeters:
Length, 12; diameter of head 0.3, maximum of body near base of oesophagus 0.3; length of oesophagus,
1.55; length of copulatory spines, 1; axial diameter of bursa, 0.38.
CESTODES.
6. Larval cestodes (Scolex polymorphus Dujardin). Free in intestine. 1, p. 454, pi. vi, figs. 8,9. 4,
p. 789, etc. 7, p. 284. Found also Aug. 5 and 18, 1899, and Aug. 20, 1900. On latter date
numerous, with two red pigment patches in neck.
7. Ehynchoboihrium imparispine Linton. Encysted. 4, p. 800, pi. lxiv, fig. 12.
8. Rhynchobothrium speciosum Linton. Encysted. See 4, p. 801, etc. 7, p. 284. Found Aug. 18,
1899, in cysts on intestine.
9. Tetrarhynchus (?) . Cysts. 4, p. 809.
INDEX TO REPORT ON PARASITES OF FISHES.
Pago.
Acanthobothriuni coronatum 431
paulum 433, 434
Acanthocephala, List of - - 409
Acanthocheilus nidifex 426
sp 428
Acanthocottus *neus 4G6
Achirus fasciatus 487
Acipenser brevirostris - 435
rubicundus 435
sturio 435
Alewife 439
Alosa sapidissima - 440
Alopias vulpes 428
Alutera schcepfii 463
Anguilla ehrysypa 435
vulgaris 435
Anthobothrium laciniatum 420,427,428,429
pulvinatum 432
Anthocephalum gracile 433
Antimora viola 477
Apeltes quadracus 443
Archosargus probatocephalus A 459
Ascaris brevicapitata 425
clavata 446, 474, 475
liabena 468
increscens 452,487
incurva 444,446,447,448,481
inquies 452
linstowi 479
rotundata 430,431,434
Ascaris sp 425,429,432,
437, 438, 440, 441, 443, 444, 445, 449, 455, 456, 457, 458, 461,
464, 467, 473, 475, 476, 477, 479, 480, 481, 484, 485, 487, 488
Baird’s Grenadier 480
Balistes vetula 463
Barndoor Skate 431
Barracuda 444
Batrachus tau 468
Big-eyed Scad 449
Big Skate 431
Black Bass 456-
Black-fish 463
Blue-fish 450
Blue Shark 426
Bonito 445
Bothus maeulatus 484
Branchiobdella ravenelii 433
Brevoortia tyrannus 440
Brier Ray 431
Brook Trout 441
Brosmius brosme 479
Butter-fish 453
Calliobothrium eschricbtii 425
verticillatum 425
Calyptrobothrium occidentale 432
Caranx crysos 450
Page.
Carcharias littoralis 428
obscurus 426
Carcharinus milberti 426
obscurus 426
Centropristes striatus 456
Cero 447
Cestoda, List of 411-114
Cestode 472
Cestodes, Analytical Key to Genera of 417
Larval 436, 437, 438, 439,
440, 442, 445, 446, 449, 451, 453, 454, 456, 458,
459, 460, 461, 472, 474, 475, 482, 484, 485, 488
Chsetodipterus faber 463
Chilomycterns geometricus 465
schcepfi 465
Chimsera affinis 434
Chogset 462
Clupanodon psendohispanicus 438
Clupea harengus 437
Cobia 452
Cod 475
Conger Eel 436
Coryphsena hippurus 452
Cottunculus thomsonii 467
Cottus seneus . 466
Cow-nosed Ray 434
Crab-eater 452
Craig Flounder 487
Crossobothrium angustum 426, 427
laciniatum 429
Cucullanus clegans 441
globosus 476, 488
sp 441, 453
Cunner 462
Cynoseion regalis 459
Cyprinodon variegatus 442
Cysts in Liver 456
with Trematode Ova 456
Dacnitis liians 436
sphserocephala 435
Dactylocotyle dentieulatum 408,474
Dasyatis centrura 432
Decapterus macarellus 449
Dibothrium alutera; 464
angustatum 454, 474
crassiceps 451,473
laciniatum 437
ligula 441
manubriforme 447, 448
microcephalum 465
plicatum 448
punctatum 445,484,485
restiforme 443
rugosum 476
sp 425,445,467
Diclidophora affinis 408, 482
489
490
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.
Page.
Discocephalum pileatum 427
Diodon maculo-striatus 465
Diplostomum sp. 442,471
Distoma, Analytical Key to 417-422
Distomes 469
Appendiculate 418
Distomum appendiculatum. . 408,437, 438, 439, 440, 445, 449, 459,
460; 467, 471, 475, 478, 482, 486, 487
. areolatum 456, 462, 486
auriculatum 435
bothryophoron 437, 439
clavatum 445,448
contortum 466
dentatum 483
foecundum 472
foliatum 466
fragile 466
globiporum _ _ 486
grandiporum 436, 486
gulosum 454
hispidum 478
Iteve 481
lageniforme 473
macrocotyle 434, 466
monticellii 451,473,482
nigroflavum 466
ocreatum 472, 474, 475, 478
pallens 464
polyorchis 460
pudens 482
pyriforme 453, 460, 462
rachion 476
simplex 436, 468, 475, 485
sp 431, 435, 436, 440, 442, 443, 444, 447, 451,
454, 458, 462, 463, 464, 469, 471 , 479, 482, 485, 486, 487
tenue 455, 468
tenue tenuissime 456
tornatum 442, 444, 452, 455
valdeinflatum 444, 464
veliporum 431
vibex 464
vitellosum 435, 436, 437, 439, 440, 445, 446,
449, 451, 458, 460, 462, 464, 474, 481, 482, 485, 4S6
Dollar-fish 450
Dolphin 452
Dusky Shark 426
Eeheneibothrium sp 434
variabile 431
Echeneis remora 473
Echinorhynclius 471
acus .... 428, 436, 455, 457, 464, 465, 466, 468,
473, 475, 476, 478, 480, 481, 483, 484, 485, 487
agilis] 427, 435, 442, 456, 468
atteruatus 435
earcharise 428
fusiformis 468
globulosus 435
incrassatus.... 450,481,487
pristis 443, 453, 457, 459
proteus 450, 455, 456, 459, 481
sagittifer 450, 453, 456, 457, 459, 481
serrani 456
thecatus 456
Edwards, Vinal N 409
Eel 435
Enchelyopus cimbrius 478
Epibdella bumpusii 433
Eucopepoda, List of 416
Page.
Filaria rubra 455, 456, 477
serrata 477
File-fish 463
Flasher 457
Flat-fish 485
Flounder 434
Four-bearded Rockling 478
Foui-spined Stickleback 443
Four-spotted Flounder 433
Francis, W. W 409
Frost-fish 473
Fundulus heteroclitus 444
Gadus callarias 475
Galeocerdo maculatus 425
tigrinus 425
Gar-fish 442
Gasterosteus bispinosus 443
Gasterostomum arcuatum 427, 446
ovatum 457
SP 442, 447
Globular Cysts in Kidneys 459
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus 487
Goose-fish 437
Grubby 435
Gymnosarda pelamys ; 445
Haddock 475
Hake 477,478
Hemitripterus americanus 467
Herring 437
Hexac.otyle thynni 446
Hickory Shad 438
Hippoglossus platessoides 481
I-Iistiophorus gladius 448
Hog-choker 437
Horned Dog-fish 430
Horse Mackerel 445
Hound-fish 442
Ichthyonema globiceps 437, 446, 450, 457
sanguineum 482
Ichthyonema sp 428, 446, 463, 481
Immature Distomes 463
Immature Distomes encysted in Skin 462
Immature Nematodes 426,
429, 431, 435, 436, 439, 440, 441, 443, 446, 449, ibO,
453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 461, 462, 465, 467, 470, 472,
473, 474, 476, 477, 478, 479, 481, 484, 485, 488
Istiophorus nigricans 448
Isurus dekayi 429
Jumping Mullet 444
King-fish 447,461
Kollikeria 447
Lagocephalus isevigatus 464
Lake Sturgeon 435
Larval Cestodes 436,
437, 438, 439,440, 442, 445, 446, 449, 451, 453, 454,
456, 458, 459, 461, 472, 474, 475, 4S2, 484, 485, 488
Lecanieephalum peltatum 433
Lecanocephalus annulatus 455
Leech 483
Leptocepha4us conger 436
Ligula chilomycteri 465
Limanda ferruginea 484
Little Sculpin 466
Lotootes surinamensis 457
Lophius piseatorius 487
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps 471
Lophopsetta maculata 48-1
Mackerel 444
PARASITES OF FISHES OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
491
Page.
Mackerel Scad 449
Shark 429
Macrourus asper - 479
bairdii 480
Melanogrammus seglefinus 476
Menhaden - - 440
Menidia notata --- 413
Menticirrns saxatilis 461
Merluccius bilinearis 473
Mierocotyle sp 451
Mierogadus tomeod 475
Mola mola 465
rotunda 465
Monorygma sp ' 426, 429
Monostomum sp 439
vinal odwardsii 470
Moon-fish 463
Morone americana 456
Mugil cephalus 444
Mummichog 441
Mustelus canis 425
Myliobatis freminvillei 433
Myxobolus lintoni 442
Myxocephalus seneus 466
Naucrates ductor 448
Nematoda 410,411
Nematode, undetermined . 480
Nematodes, immature 426,429,431,435,436,
439, 440, 441, 443, 446, 449, 450, 453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 461, 462,
465, 467, 470, 472, 473, 474, 476, 477, 478, 479, 481, 484, 485, 488.
Nematonurus goodel 479
Nitzschia elcgans 408
elongata . 408, 435
papillosa 476
Ocean Bonlto 445
Oetobothrium denticulatum 408
Octoplectanum affine . . - 408
Odontaspis littoralis 428
Onehobothrium uncinatum 433
Opsanus tau . 468
Orygmatobothrium angustum 408, 426
crenulatum 433
pallium 426
Osmerus mordax 441
Otobothrium crenacolle 428
dipsacum 451
Palinurichthys perciformis 453
Paralichthys dentatus 481
oblongus 483
Paratajnia medusia 433
Pliilichthys xiphi® 448
Phoreiobothrium lasium 426, 427, 428
triloculatum 427
Phycis chuss 478
tenuis 477
Phyllobothrium foliatum 433
sp 474
Pilot-fish 448
Pipe-fish 443
Platybothrium cervinum 427
parvum 426, 428, 430
Pollachius virens 474
Pollock 474
Pomatomus saltatrix 450
Pomolobus mediocris 438
pseudoliarengus 439
Pontobdella rapax 459
Porcupine-fish 465
Page.
Prionotus carolinus 470
Protozoa, List of 416
Pseudopleuroneeies americanus 485
Puffer 464,465
Rachycentron canadus 452
Raja eglanteria 431
erinacea 430
]®vis 431
oeellata 431
Red Drum 461
Sculpin 467
Remora 473
remora 473
Rhinebothrium cancellation 433, 434
flexile 433
longicolle 433
Rhinoptera bonasus .. 434
quadriloba 434
Rhombus triacanthus - 453
Rhynchobdellida, List of 116
Rhynchobothrium agile 434
attenuation 448
brevispine 434
bulbifer. . 425, 436, 445, 447, 451, 160, 464, 482
heterospine 425, 436, 443, 482
hispidum 433
imparispine 431, 432, 434, 430, 437,
445, 456, 458, 475, 476, 482, 484, 485, 488
lomentaeeum 425
longicorne 429
longispine 433
minimum 431
speeiosum 443,445,
447, 451, 455, 458, 460, 463, 473, 482, 488
sp 425, 429, 434, 436, 437, 140, 413, 446,
447, 449,450, 452, 453, 456, 458, 460, 462,
464,466, 471, 174,475, 477, 478, 480, 484
tenuispine 426,433
tumidulum 425,431,468
tvageneri 433
Roccus lineatus 455
Rudder-fish 453
Rusty Flat-fish 484
Sail-fish 448
Salmon 441
Salmo salar 441
Salvelinus fontinalis 441
Sand-dab 481, 181
Sand Shark 428
Sarda sarda 445
Seisenops ocellatus 461
Scolex polymorphus 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 442, 445, 446,
449, 451, 453, 454, 458, 461, 464, 472, 474, 475, 482, 484, 485, 488
Scomberomorus cavalia 447
maculatus 446
regalia 447
Scomber scombrus 444
Soup 457
Sea Bass 456
Sea Raven 467
Sea-robin 470
Seriola zonata 448
Shad 440
Sharp-headed Ray 433
Sheepshead 459
Short Minnow 442
Short-nosed Sturgeon 435
Silver Hake 473
492
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION,
Silverside
Siphostoma fuseum
Smelt
Smooth Dog-fish
Puffer
Spanish Mackerel
Sardine
Spear-fish
Spheroides maculatus
Sphyreena borealis
Sphyrna zygjena
Spiny Dog-fish
Spiroptera pectinifer
Spongiobothrium variabile
Sporocyst
Sporozoa
Squalus aeanthias ... -
Squeteague
Stenotomus chrysops
Stewartson, J. A
Sting Ray
Stolephorus brownii
Stone, C. W
Striped Anchovy
Striped Bass
Sturgeon
Sucker
Summer Skate
Sun-fish
Sword-fish
Synbothrium filicolle
Tfenia dilatata
Taenia-like fragments
Taenia sp
Tarpon atlanticus
Tautog
Tautoga onitis
Tautogolabrus adspersus . .
Tetrapterus albidus
imperator
Tetrarhynchus bicolor
Page.
443
443
441
425
464
446
438
447
464
444
427
430
427
433
455
438,439,487
430
459
457
409
432
440
409
440
455
435
473
430
465
448
425, 433, 447, 451, 457, 460, 482
435
472
428-435
437
463
463
462
447
447
... 426,427,446,448,452,482
Page.
Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus 427,
432, 448, 449, 451, 458, 460, 471, 472, 482, 484, 486
elongatus 466
erinaceus 451,454,460
robustus 430, 431, 433, 434
sp 425,
427, 428, 431, 433, 446, 447, 463, 464, 486, 488
tenuis 433
Tetronarce occidentalis 432
Thrasher 428
Thunnus thynnus 445
Thysanocephalum crispum 426
ridiculum 430
Tiger Shark 1 425
Tile-fish 471
Tomcod 475
Torpedo 432
Traehurops crumenophthalmus 449
Trematoda, List of 414-416
Trigger-fish 463
Tristomum eoccineum 448
lseve 445
moke 408, 466
rudolphianum 408
Trygon centrura 432
Two-spined Stickleback 443
Tylocephalum pingue 434
Tylosurus acus 442
caribbfeus 442
marinus 442
Urophycis chuss 478
Vomer setipinnis 450
Weak-fish 459
White Perch : 456
Whiting 473
Window-pane 484
Winter Flounder 485
Winter Skate 431
Xiphias gladius 448
Yellow Crevall6 450
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate I.
1. Transverse section of dorsal region of young herring ( Clupea I 3. IsolatecPsporozoa, different views and enlargements, hie.
harengus) with cysts containing sporozoa. x 32. m, Muscular [ 4. Piece of intestine of Pseudopleuronectes ameHcanus, serous coat cov-
tissue; sp, cysts containing sporozoa; v, vertebra. I ered with cysts due to sporosperms. x 2.
2. Transverse section showing two small cysts, one of them (sp.') in I 5. Protozoa found in intestinal canal of Dasyatis centrum, x 700.
the midst of a muscle fiber, x 400. ct, Connective tissue with j
sporozoa.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate II.
0. Echinorhynchus sp. (a), from Lopholatilus chamseleonticeps. x 46.
7. Proboscis of same, x 180.
8. Echinorhynchus sp. (6), from same host, x 65.
9. Proboscis of same, near apex, x 400.
10. Proboscis of same, near base, x 400.
11. Echinorhynchus fusiformis Zeder (?) , from Opsanus tau. x 65.
a, Hooks of same, x 400.
12. Echinorhynchus protnis Westrumb, from Cynoscion regcilis, longi-
tudinal section of head and neck perforating intestinal wall of
host. The mucous membrane {mm) is continuous over the
head of the parasite, x 20.
13. Section passing somewhat diagonally through neck of another
parasite, also penetrating intestinal wall of same host, x 65.
m, Muscular layer; mm , mucous membrane.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate III.
L
14. Ascaris roUmdata Rudolphi, from Raja erinaeea. Side view of
head, x 300.
15. Another view of same. X 400.
16. Front view of different, specimen from above, x 400.
17. Posterior end of female, x 65.
18. Posterior end of male, x 65.
19. Asraris brevicapitata sp. nov., from Galeocenlo tignnus. Ventral
view of head, x 300.
20. Upper lip of same. X 300.
21. Side view of posterior end. x 300.
22. Diagram showing arrangement of anal pa pi Mm so lar as couia De
made out. , ,T
23. Ascaris linstowi sp. nov. Male and female from Nematonurus
goodei. x 2.
24. Ventral view of head of female. X 100.
25! Diagram showing arrangement of anal papillae.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.1
Plate IV
26. Ascaris linstowi sp. nov., continued. Upper lip. x 300.
27. Ventral view of head of male, x 300.
28. Lateral view of tail of male. X 65.
I 29. Ascaris incurva Rudolphi, from Xiphias gladins. Ventral
view of head, x 300.
30. Upper lip of same, x 300.
31. Nearly ventral view of tail of female, x 40.
32. Tail of male, lateral view, x 65.
8?gi£
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate V.
33. Ascaris neglect a Leidy, from Chilomycterns schoepfi. Head with
upper lip. x 3uU.
. Cuticle, optical section, x 400.
. Lateral view of posterior end. x 05.
. Plan of anal papillae so far n< made out.
37. Ascaris sp. from Santa sanla. Ventral view of head of male.
x 400. Cuticle missing at x.
38. Jaws of specimen from which the cuticle was entirely absent.
X 300.
39. Lateral view of tail of male, spicules broken, x G.'.
40. Lateral view of tail of female, x 65.
41. Ascaris sp. from Pomolobus inert her is. Ventral view
x 300.
42. Upper lip of male, x 300.
43. Lateral view of tail of male. 1O0.
44. Same of female, x 100.
4"\ plan of anal papillae.
of head.
Ppp
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate VI.
40. Ascaris inquire sp. nov„ from Jiaehyccntron cana'lus. Ventral
view of head. < 220.
47. Upper lip. X 220.
Posterior end, lateral view, x 05.
Posterior extremity, x 220.
Transverse section through anterior end. x.100.
51. Immature nematode encapsuled on intestine of Mnla main.
Head, x 700.
52. Posterior end, lateral view, x 100.
53. Immature nematode (Ascaris) from T rophyris chuss. Lateral
view of head, x 160.
54. Lateral view of posterior end. x 100.
55. Ascaris habena Linton, young, from Opsanus tail. Anterior end
showing the embryonic cuticle in the act of sloughing off.
Sketched from life.' Note that the cuticle of the pharynx <■' is
also separating, x 300. ... „
50. a-i , Ova showing different stages ol development, liie. 1‘orms
like e and f noticed on different occasions. The embryo i was
ill an ovum which had been kept 2 days in sea water.
I
Bull, U. S. F. C. 1899. fTo face page 492.)
Plate VII.
57. Ascaris (?) sp. from Paraliehthys denlatus. Lateral view of female;
life, g, Genital aperture; i, intestine; o, ovary; ph, pharynx.
X 44.
58. Same from opposite side, x 68.
59. Two views (a and b) of head, x 400.
60. Posterior end, lateral view, x 400.
61. a, Spermatozoon; b-e, ova in different stages of segmentation:
life.
Bull. u. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate VIII.
62. Ascaris increseens Molin, from stomach of Cnryphsena hippuru*.
Ventral view of head of male, x 168.
63. Tail of same, spicules retracted, x 45.
64. Tail of specimen from Lophius piscatorial. ■ 45.
65. Ascaris sp. from Stenotomus chrysops. Ventral view oi head.
X 170.
66. Upper lip of same. X 170.
67. Posterior end, ventral view, x 45.
68. Posterior end, lateral view. X 45.
69. Tip of posterior end, optical section, x 210.
70. Ascaris sp. from J1 fyxnccphalus teneus. V entral view of head.
X 225.
71. Upper lip. X 225.
72. Posterior end, lateral view, x 22o.
73. Ascaris sp. from Scomber scombnts. x 225.
74. Posterior end, ventral view. X 75.
75. Ascaris sp. from Pliycis tenuis, x 50.
76. Upper lip. X 50.
77. Posterior end, lateral view, x oO.
78. Extreme tip of tail. X 225. . ,
79. Ascaris sp. from Scixnops ocettatus. Ventral view of head, x is.
80. Upper lip. X 75.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1 899. (To face page 492.)
Plate IX
!
i
81. Ascaris sp. from Sciirnnps oceUatns , continued. Posterior end,
lateral view, x 50.
82. Head of young specimen, x 225.
83. Extreme tip of tail highly magnified.
84. Ascaris sp. from Cottunculus tliomsonii. Head of female. • 170.
85. Upper lip. x 170.
86. Posterio. end, lateral view. x 27.
87. Posterior end of male, lateral view, x 22.
88. Ascaris sp. from Pseudopleuronecles americanus. View of head,
highly magnified.
89. Posterior view of male, lateral view, x 50.
90. Ascaris sp. from Mustelus canis. Posterior end, lateral view.
X 168.
91. Ascaris sp. from Hcmitrvpterus americanus. Posterior end of
female, x 60.
92tr. Dorsal view of head, x 180.
926. Ventral view of head, x 180.
93. Upper lip of same, x 180.
I 94. Posterior end of small specimen, x 60.
95. Ascaris sp. (probably same species as foregoing) from Glyptoceph-
alus cynoglossus. Posterior end. x 42.
I 96. Extreme tip of tail, x 210.
97. Ascaris sp. from Microrjadvs turaend. Dorsal view of head, x 225.
] 98. Posterior end, lateral view, x 75.
j 99. Extreme tip of same, x 300.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate X.
100. Ascaris sp. from Pomatomus saltatrix. Lateral view of head.
X 225.
101. Dorsal view of head, x 225.
102. Posterior end, lateral view, x 50.
103. Extreme posterior tip. x 225.
104. Anal glands, optical section, x 225. t, Intestine; yl, glands;
r, rectum.
105. Head of younger' specimen than the foregoing, x 50.
106. Posterior end. x 50.
107. Ascaris sp. from Cynoscion rcgalis. Head, x 225.
108. Posterior end. x 225.
109. Posterior end of a specimen from another lot. x 150.
110. Ascaris sp. from Stenotomus chrysops. Head, x 225.
111. Posterior end of same, x 75.
112. Extreme posterior end. x 225.
113. Head of specimen from another lot. x 170.
114. Posterior end. x 170.
115. Head of another specimen, removed from capsule on peritoneum.
The embryonic cuticle is broken, showing the rudimentary
jaws. X 225.
116. Posterior end. x 75.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1 899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XI.
117. Immature nematodes ( Ascctris ) from Stenotomus ehrysnps, con-
tinued. Head of specimen from Charleston, S. C. x 170.
118. Posterior end. x 170.
119. Anterior end of specimen from another lot. < 225.
120. Posterior end of same, x 225.
121. /lsea/7.'osp., immature, from Lapooephalux brvifiatux. Head, x 225.
122. Posterior end. X 225.
123. Asearis sp., immature, from I.npholatilux chamutraittieepx. Head.
• x 150.
124. Posterior end. x 150.
125. Asearis sp. from Anguilla ehrysypa. Head, x 225.
126. Posterior end. x 150.
127. Asearis sp., immature, from Carchariax littoraiis. Head, x 225.
128. Posterior end, lateral view, x 225.
129. Head of specimen from another lot. ■ 30.
130. Posterior end. x 30.
131. Asearis sp. from Salmo solar. Head, x 150.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XII.
132. Immature nematode (Ascaris) from Rhombus triacanthus. Head.
X 225.
133. Posterior end. • 225.
134. Immature nematode (Ascaris) from Srlaowps occUatus. Head.
X 225.
135. Posterior end. x 50.
135. Upper lip of older specimen from another lot. x 225.
137. Posterior end. - 50.
138. Ascaris sp. from Aland sapid issima. Head, ventral view. 200.
Note. — The specimens in this lot were somewhat distorted,
the alcohol having evaporated from them.
139. Another view of head of a different specimen from the fore-
going. x 200.
110. Ascaris vp. from Lobotcs siirinamensi*. Head, x 225.
141. Upper lip. x 225.
112. Post Tim end lateral view, x 225.
! 143. iscarissp.; immature, from Raral ichth ijs dnitatus. Head, x 225.
cy Embryonic cuticle; il, interlip; l , lip.
111. Posterior end, lateral view, x 75.
135. Extreme posterior tip. x 225.
! 14G. Head of specimen from another lot, younger stage, x 225.
Bui!. U. S. F. C. 1 899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XIII.
147. Ascaris rp. from Pamlirlitliys dentatus , continued. Posterior end
of specimen shown in figure 146. x 75.
148. Head of specimen from another lot. ■ 225.
149. Posterior end of same, x 225.
150. Posterior end of specimen from another lot. x 75.
151. Posterior end of another from a different lot. x 225.
152. Ascarisap., immature, from Paralichtliysoblongus. Head, x 165.
158. Posterior end, lateral view, x 45.
154. Ascaris sp., immature, from Bothus maculalus. Lateral view of
head, x 210.
155. Dorsal view of head, x 210.
156. Posterior end. x 24.
157. Ascaris sp., immature, from Hemitripterus amcricanus . Head.
X 150.
158. Head of younger specimen, x 150.
159. Posterior end of same, x 150.
160. Ascaris sp. from Merhiccius bilinearis. Head, x 225.
161. Posterior end. x 120.
162. Head of specimen from another lot. x 225.
163. Ascaris sp. from Antimora viola. Head, .170.
164. Head of another specimen, x 170.
165. Posterior end of same, x 170.
166. Ascaris sp. from Phycis tenuis. Head. < 225.
167. Posterior end. x 225.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1 899. (T o face page 492.)
Plate XIV.
16S.
1 09.
170.
171.
172.
173.
173.
175.
176.
Ascaris sp. from Mcnticirrus saxatilis. Head, x 170.
Posterior end. x 170.
Head of specimen from another lot. x 170.
Posterior end of same, x 170.
Ascaris sp. from Scomberomoriis maculalus. Posterior end. x 24.
Ascari sp. from Macrourus buirdii. Head, x 225.
Opposite side of head of same specimen, x 225.
Head of older specimen from another lot. x 170.
Upper lip of came, somewhat foreshortened, x 185.
177. Head of another specimen from same lot. x 210.
178. Tip of posterior end of same, x 375.
179. Ascaris sp. from Lophiitspiscalorius. Head, x 225.
180. Posterior end. x 225.
181. Ascaris sp. from Scomber scombrus. Head, x 180.
182. Posterior end. x 180.
183. Ascaris sp. from Sphyrna zygsena. Portion of body, x 60.
184. Posterior end. x 36.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XV.
185. Ascaris, sp. immature, from Lophius piscatorius. Ventral view of
head, x 300.
186. Upper lip. X 300.
187. Posterior end, lateral view, x 300.
188. Filaria rubra Leidy, from Centropristes striatus. Lateral view of
head, x 75.
189. Optical section of same, x 200.
190. Opposite side of same, x 200.
191. Posterior end. x 200.
192. Filaria serrata sp. nov., from Phycis tenuis. Head and anterior
end of female, x 300.
193. Head of male, x 300.
194. Posterior end of same, showing longitudinal serrate rows of
plates, x 240.
195. Copulatory spines, x 240.
196. Plan of anal papillse.
197. Spiroptera pectinifer sp. nov., from Sphyrna zygsrna. Head of
male, x 300.
198. Posterior end of same, lateral view, x 65.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XVI.
203
199. Spiroptera pectinifer sp. nov., continued. Ventral view of pos- | 201. Posterior end. x 65.
tenor end of male, x 300. ch, Chitinous toothed plate. | 202. Embryo sketched in uterus, x 300.
Note.— There were four more groups of three papillae, each | 203. Dacnil.is Mans Dujardin, from Leptoccphalus conger. Lateral view
seen on the left side anterior to those shown in the figure. of head, optical section, x 100.
200. Dacnitis sphserocephala Dujardin, from Acipenser sturio. Anterior I 204. Posterior ventral view of same, x 100.
end, optical section, x 65.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
S
Plate XVII.
205. Cucullanus plobosus Zeder, from Lophius piscatorius. Posterior
end of male, x 65.
206. Lateral view of posterior end of male from Gadus callarias.
X 200.
207. Cucullanus sp. from Fundulus heteroclitus. Posterior end of
male, lateral view; life, x 300.
208. Ventral view of posterior extremity, x 300.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XVIII.
209. Ichthyonemci globiceps Rudolphi. Anterior end of specimen from
Lobotes surinainenm, from life: sketched by Margaret B. Lin-
ton. x 22.
210. Young individual escaped from uterus of foregoing. 300.
211. Anterior end of specimen from Pomatomus satiate ix. < 65.
e, Young worms in body cavity; i, intestine; oc, oesophagus;
ov, ovary.
212. Pharynx, x 300.
213. Junction of oesophagus and intestine, optical section, x 300.
c, c, c, Cells in wall of oesophageal valve; i , wall of intestine;
oe, oesophagus.
214. Posterior end. x 36.
215. Portion of intestinal wall near posterior end, showing charac-
teristic reticula tint . < 65.
216. Optical section of middle of body of a specimen from Tarpon
atlanticus. x 65. or, Outer, and or', inner, fold of uterus;
f, intestine.
217. Ova; a from outer, b from inner, fold of uterus. (See fig. 216.)
X 300.
21S. Ichthi/oncma sp. from Chsetodipterus faber; oc, oesophagus; ov,
ovary. Anterior end. x 100.
219. Posterior end of same, x 100.
220. Lecanoeephalus annulatus Molin, from Roccus lineatus. Head,
dorsal view, x 300.
221. Head, ventral view, x 300.
222. Portion of two dentigerous rows, near middle of body, x 300.
223. Posterior end, ventral view, showing spicules and papillse.
X 300.
224. Undetermined nematode
from stomach of Macrourus bairdii.
X 12.
223. (Esophageal region of a specimen with anterior end slightly
retracted, x 65. to', Beginning of muscular sheath; to,, to,
continuation of same posteriorly; i, intestine; oc, oesophagus.
226. Anterior end of specimen with spines, x 200.
227. Genital aperture of female, x 300.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XX.
228. Cestode larva from intestine of Decaptcnis macarellas; a to cl,
sketched from life; c, alcoholic. Tnese different forms were
assumed by the larva in rapid succession, and by such con-
tractions a progressive movement was effected.
The top of tli e figure in each case is the anterior end.
229. Blastocyst in cyst from body cavity of Clupcaharcngus , R/iyncho-
bothrium sp. x 20.
230. Larval cestode from a squid ( Lolicjo pealii) in stomach of Ci/no-
s cion recjalls ; life, x 65.
At the base of each petal-like bothrium there is a short conical
process, sharp and hooklike, but of dense striated structure, like
the hooks of Tki/sanocephaluni. Beside each of these processes
there is a, circular organ like an auxiliary acetabulum, not seen
in the living specimen, but visible when mounted in glycerine.
231. Phyllobothrium sp. from intestine of Mniurrius bilinear is; life.
x 1.
232. Head, much enlarged, m, Myzorh vnehus.
233. Scolex of a cestode, which is probably a new genus, from intes-
tine of Lo'pholotilus chainxleonticeps; alcoholic, x 50.
234. Front view of same. 70. (See also tigs. 236-23^.)
235. Crossobothrium laciniafum Linton, from Carcharias lit! oralts.
Abnormal segment of young strobile. - 50.
Bull. U. S. f7. C. 1 899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XXI.
236. New cestode from Lopholalilas chamseleonticeps, continued. Sec-
tion of neck nearly transverse. x 70. m, Coarse longitudinal
muscles; lt\ lateral vessels.
237. Section showing portion of anterior disc with its acetabulum.
X 400.
238. Section showing structure of body wall, cu, Structureless cu-
ticle, not stained; c/r, granular layer, n, nuclear layer; p, pa-
renchyma, the nuclei are stained, the fibers unstained, x 700.
239. Blastocyst, probably Rhynchobothrium speciosum from Coryphsena
hippurus; life, x 2.
240. a and b. Two views of larva liberated from 115. x 6.
241. RkyncliobothHum tumidulum Linton; scolex front intestine of
Opsanus lau; life, r, Red pigment patch, x 65.
242. Tetrarhynehus robust ns Linton: scolex from intestine of Isurus
dekayi; life, x 22.
243. Tetrarhynehus bisuleatus Linton, from Decajjterus macarellus.
Proboscis. X 700.
244. Rhynchobothrium bulbifer Linton, from cyst in muscles of back of
Scomber scombrus. x 15.
Bulk U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XXII.
245. Rhynchobothrium sp. Cyst from beneath serous coat of intestine
ot Mold viola; life. 1.
246. Blastocyst liberated from cyst. 1.
247. 248. Two views of larva from blastocyst.
249, 250. Opposite sides of proboscis near apex, x 300.
251. Rhynchobothrium sp. Pyloric; caeca oi Meiiaccias bilineams with
cysts and immature nematodes on serous coat, x 2.
252. a and b. Cysts, the latter slightly compressed to show the con-
tained embryo, x 4.
253. Embryo liberated from blastocyst, x 18.
254. Proboscis of same, x 400.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1 899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XXIII.
255. Rhynchobothrium sp. Cyst from muscles of Rhombus triacanthus,
compressed to show blastocyst and contained embryo; life.
X 100. (See also fig. 265.)
256, 256a. Two views of an embryo, x 300.
257-260. Tetrarhynchus elongatus Wagener, from liver of Mola mola.
Proboscis, x 160.
259, near base; 260, base.
261. Tetrarhynchus bisvlcatus Linton. Section of stomach wall of
Cynoscion regalis, parasites encysted in submucosa, x 30.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face paee 492.)
Plate XXIV.
262. Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus , continued. Section of parasite, cut
longitudinally, in submucous coat of stomach, x 50.
263. Transverse section through muscular bulb of proboscis, x 400.
n, Nerve cells; r, retractor of proboscis.
264. a, Hooks in retracted proboscis of encysted parasite, • 800; b, c,
groups of nerve cells lying beside contractile bulb, x 400; d,
same, x 750.
265. Transverse section of dorsal muscles of Rhombus triacon thus with
cysts containing Shynchobothrium sp. x 30. (See 255-256o.)
266. Dibothrium crassiceps Rudolphi, from intestine of Merlucdus
bllinearis. Marginal view of head, x 40.
267. Lateral view of head, x 40.
268. Posterior end of strobile, x 40.
269. Dibothrium angustatum Rudolphi, from intestine of Merluccius
bilinearis. a, Head, x 50; 6, median segments, x 50; c, poste-
rior segments, x 30.
Bull. U. S F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.,
Plate XXV.
270. Diboliirmmmicroceyhalam Rudolpbi, from intestine of Mola mold. 1
Head with anterior segments, normal: life. < 65.
271. Abnormal lengthening cf anterior segments; life. 65.
272. Tsenia sp. from intestine of Anguilla ckrysypa. Head, x 40.
273. Head of another specimen. 50.
274. Tsenia sp. from intestine of Sphyrna zygse.na. X 2.
275. Head of same, x 65.
276. Posterior segment, cp, Cirrus pouch; o, ovary; %i, uterus; v, vagina;
vg, vitelline glands, x 8,
277. Sagittal section of segment. X 100. c, Cirrus; v, vagina.
278. Sagittal section through cirrus pouch, c, Cirrus; cp, cirrus pouch;
f, testes', v, vagina; vg, vitelline glands, x 100.
279. Cirrus, from transverse section of segment. X 300.
280. Transverse section of cirrus, showing cells of prostate gland
and spines on retracted cirrus, x 400.
281. Segmenting ovum, in uterus. X 300.
I
1
Plate XXVI.
282
282. Tsenia sp. continued. Section of mucous membrane of intestine
with head of parasite, x 300. m, Lining of pit and plug
between bothria, structureless; b, bothria covered with tine
spines; mm, mucous membrane.
283. Echeneibotlirium sp.’ (near E. affine Olsson) from intestine of Rhi-
noptcra bonasus; front view of head, x 65.
284. Lateral view of head of another specimen. > 65.
285—287. Echeneibotlirium sp. from Myliobatis freminvillei; lateral view
of heads of different individuals, x 65.
288. Plan of loculi on bothrium. x 65.
289. Calliobothriitm vcrticittatum Rudolphi, from Mustelus canis; ripe
segment with five apertures for discharge of ova. a, Flat sur-
face of segment; b, marginal view.
290. Paratienia medusia Linton, from Vasyalis centrum, strobile; life.
X 160.
291. Posterior segments: life. 300.
292. Phoreiobot.hrium triloculatum sp. nov. from Carcharinus obucurus;
single bothrium, showing characteristic trilocular border,
x 100.
293. Acanthobothrium coronatum Rudolphi, from Raja Isevis. Lateral
view of scolex. x 65.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XXVII.
294. Thy sanocepJ) alum ridiculum. sp. nov. from Isurus dckat/i. Strobile.
X 4G. a, Bothrium from another .specimen.
295. Hook and adjacent part of bothrium. x 300.
296. JlexacMyle thynvi De la Roche (?), from mouth of Sard a sard a.
Ventral view. X 6.
297. Mouth, x 300.
298. Single sucker, x 100.
299. 300. Miororotylc sp. from gill filaments of Pomatomus mllatri.r.
Two individuals, alcoholic, x 12.
301. Anterior end, ventral view, x 220.
302. Portion of posterior part of body, ventral view, showing sucking
discs, x 100.
303-305. Different views of suckers, x 400.
306. Ovum, x 240.
307. Diphwtmnnn sp. in globular cysts in liver of Fund ulus helcroclitus;
section of cyst and longitudinal section of parasite, x 100.
308. Cysts in liver of jRoccus lineal us. 1.
309. Calculus from cyst, showing concentric structure, x 300.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1 899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XXVIII.
310. Distomum tornatum Rudolphi, from Mcnidia notaia; lateral view;
from life, x 3.
311. Distomum sp. from Menticirriis saxatilis; ventral view; life.
a. Ventral sucker; c, cirrus; cp, cirrus pouch; r/, genital aper-
ture; i , intestine; o, ovary; /, testes; u, uterus; vg , vitelline
glands, x 40.
312. Distomum appen die ulcitum Rudolphi, from Dccaplerus macnrdlus;
adult, ventral view, cx, Excretory vessel; u,„ uterus. Other
letters as in fig. 311. x 46.
313. Young, ventral view. Letters as in figs. 311, 312. x 46.
314. Testes, ovary, and vitellaria of young. Letters as in fig. 311.
X 220.
Note. — The vitellaria, which are deeply lobed in the young,
appear to lose this character in the adult.
315. Distomum r/ulosum sp. nov. from Rhombus trinranthus; lateral
view, x 18. ph, The long, cylindrical pharynx. Other let-
ters as in figs. 311, 312.
316. Middle of body of same, x 65. pr, Prostate gland. Other let-
ters as in figs. 311, 312.
317. Transverse section ol' body through ovary, x 65. Letters as in
figs. 311, 312.
318. Eye of Tautoga onitis , distomes encysted in cornea, x 2.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XXIX.
319. Distomum ; p. from Stolephorus brown ii; lateral view of mounted
specimen. < 100.
320. Head and neck of i ame. x ‘100. p//.. Pharynx.
321. Distomum I lispidum , from Pkycis tenuis; side view; ale. 7.
322. Ventral view, x 14.
323. Anterior end, side view, x 65.
Undetermined distomes from Opsanus tan.
324. Ventral view of larger distome. [See A, p. 469.] x 46. g, Geni-
tal aperture; o, ovary; sv, seminal vesicle; /, testes; vg, vitel-
line glands; or, ovum; a , margin, showing spines, x 400.
325. Ventral view of smaller distome. Letters as in fig. 324. 40.
320. Spines on ventral side of neck of same, x 400.
327. Ventral view of another, vr, Vit Oline reservoir. Other letters
as in fig. 324. [See B.lu), p. 409.] x 46.
328. Ventral view of another. Letters as in fig. 324. [See B. (5). p.
469.] x 46.
329. Posterior margin of latter. 201.
330. Distomum sp. from Enchelyopus eimbri us; ventral view. Letters
as in fig. 321. 46.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1 899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XXX.
331. Distomum simplex Rudolphi, from Micro fjad us tomcod: young-
specimen compressed and killed by application ol' heat. Ovary
very indistinctly lobed. cp, Cirrus pouch; ex, excretory vessel;
cj, genital aperture; n, ovary; /, testes; vrj, vitelline glands; ?/;•,
yolk reservoir, x 05.
332. An adult with ova. Letters as in fig. 331. x 46.
333. Distomum vitcllosum Linton, from Stenotomus clirysops; specimen
made turgid by placing in fresh water. :< 40.
334. Another from same host, but collected on different date, anterior
end. x 40.
335. A specimen from Mcrluccius bilinear is. x 50.
330. A small specimen, finely corrugated with transverse wrinkles,
from Paralichthys dentatus. x 100.
337. A specimen from Pom atom ns saltatrix; sketched from living worm
slightly compressed, x 65. /, Posterior flaps, which were used
by the worm as independent organs, which appeared to have
a kind of clasping function.
338,339. Two other smaller individuals from same lot, made turgid
with fresh water, x 65.
340. Specimen from Pseudopleuronedes amcrica n us.
a and 5, Sketches of same worm in different stages of con-
traction. x 20.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XXXI.
341. Distomum sp. from Pumatomus sallaifix, slender variety, x 100.
342. Spines on neck of same, x 400.
343. Oval variety, x 100.
344. Spines on neck of same, x 400.
345. Probably same species, young, from Paralichthys dentatus. 100.
346. Species near Distomum pyrijoriue Linton, from Stenotomus chry-
sops. X 100.
[See figs. 352-354 and descriptions in text..]
347. Distomum, ylobiporum Rudolphi (?), from Pseudopleuroncct.es
americanus. x 30. y, Genital aperture; o, ovary; t, testes;
vg, vitelline glands.
348. Distomum sp. from Raja her is. x 8.
319. Same, in glycerine. Letters as in fig. 347. x 11.
350. Distomum sp. from Gastcrosteus bispi.nosus. 100.
351. Young distome from Achirus fasciatus. : 220.
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1899. (To face page 492.)
Plate XXXII.
j
352. Distomum sp. from Paralichfhys
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