eats ree Tee cenlientatali ae agen er O- a HARVARD UNIVERSITY el LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology 1 bern cle CHW ees, i ved OU : } es ra cy) BELLETINS OF AMERICAN Pa LEONTOEOGY MOS OX XX Sree eee 1958-1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York < Sick. MUS. COMP. Z00L LIBRARY NOV 27 1959 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Bulletin Ihe 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXIX No. Recent Marine Mol!lusks from the Caribbean Coast of Panama with the Description of some New Genera and Species ay Ae AG Olsson and f: l. MicGinity--.-..--.- Age, Correlation, and Biostratigraphy of the Upper Tecuyo (San Lorenzo) and Pozon Formation, Eastern Faleon, Venezuela lesyy WAY, JBL, JESII@N iy coosocosasscaaspagnacadossosooameadanD056e000 Planktonie Foraminifera from the Cretaceous of Trinidad, B.W.I. TE DMI Gail xy eemeepese ee ed canter peed Oe Study of Some American Miocene Lamelli- branchs and Comparison with Related European Species lee IOXSraMIR EY AYA WAVEAU GY “Goncoooneasdeccansaconconeososuoscea Names of and Variation in Certain Indo- Pacific Camerinids Bre Wie ies OOMGH cacecsececacsnccnecstcesacersesceseccartoursees Faunal Associations and the Stratigraphic Position of Certain American Paleocene and Eocene Larger Foraminifera IBV Wis Seo COLES ese Saevecescesectetceccbeerescecieetec terre Puerto Rican Upper Oligocene Larger Fora- minifera PV MR IN ee SA CHShe in secs onsever etree ee eee ndexmte tee eee ee Plates 6-19 20-23 24-27 28-31 32-33 Pages 1- 58 99-252 279-344 373-394 395-416 417-448 BULLETINS —“ sity | OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY VOL. XXXIX NUMBER 177 1958 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York U.S. A. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION 1958-59 BPR ESTEVE see hs chee chemo a Meee eke bere eleatecen cc EN SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER MATCH ASTD RINT {ise | Soccs acscs rhe ke cate ee caren eee anew net oes NorMAN E. WEISBORD BHCHEDAR Y= DRERASURERY 1S) o Tinos Selec caddiccacetesetab an tteeb abechocenebrakts REBECCA S. HARRIS 1D Ty esis 1 RR AO ERS ELAN Se Gd PEN EB EAT KATHERINE V. W. PALMER COPPUTINREEE, eee rae Dele rcdec lec ee BAN on OSD [et EON ARMAND L, ADAMS Trustees KENNETH E. CASTER (1954-1960) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life) WINIFRED GOLDRING (1955-1961) RALPH A. LIDDLE (1956-62) REBECCA S. Harris (Life) AXEL A. OLssoN (Life) SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER (1953-59) NorMAN E. WEIsBoRD (1957-63) JoHN W. WELIs (1958-64) BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY and PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA KATHERINE V. W. PALMER, Editor Mrs. Fay Bricos, Secretary \ Advisory Board KENNETH E, CASTER HANS KUGLER A. Myra KEEN Jay GLENN MARKS G. WINSTON SINCLAIR Complete titles and price list of separate available numbers may be had on application. All volumes available except vols. I-VI, VIII, X, XII, XIV, XV of Bulletins and vol. I of Paleontographica Americana. Subscriptions may be entered at any time by volume or year, with average price of $10.00 per volume for Bulletins. Numbers of Paleontographica invoiced per issue. Purchases in U.S.A. for professional purposes are deductible from income tax. For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place Ithaca, New York U.S.A. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vol. 39 No. 177 RECENT MARINE MOLLUSKS FROM THE CARIBBEAN COAST OF PANAMA WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES By AXEL A. OLSSON AND THOMAS L. MCGINTY December 10, 1958 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U. S. A. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: GS 58-307 Printed in the United States of America A. ihe B JAN 1 91959 CONTENTS I: a ei ARD MICS Th URivcnsidy Bos (iil Clare en een a Cane e tes ea eM ho es Be Sa eden aly Uaesaatis gee daads aed eT aS) New genera, subgenera, species, and subspecies described in this paper ............ a: Wepositonpoiutypeswe. townie: eect Ae eee as eet eh Re sete tesa eae 57 66 JN GOOG Gt @ Miner et P eee fre comer ar esi ANe Coe ten nein Aca 9. See ner ee RRM eae 6 Marine mollusks of the Caribbean’ Coast of Panama’ ...2.-22.....0...c.ccesecscaeoneeseoeeneoees ee UO Gastropoda: Eee eas eben oe eae sk Paes Pec eee ans ee seas Oe PK RElecypOcameer erste ree SP Re oR cer Sa ers BOI to er 2 eae a aan OSE 19 ANGBDND) TES Eg ee ihe a ac et enn Se eR er cier Oey te err BAe ee BD [DESCreySNTONTY Gke MNENS BASS. seacococeccoanasogauooconoorocggen: ooasbs qetiensyacbasengean ddl ance ar: 25 Ao ene: 23 IDGOOORE. OBOE, Do SDs cososoazcosacoosas > sceooneee: ea Aa et pd SR es ae nae D3} PPA MLGLEERE LI a! CEN D OFLELI de WATSON fee sage reese seats shes aiade Mas enERes Sendo eeucte aes 24 ACRE (UNCROBABEED)) EHC, $e BBs. srecoresasoesesecesveroencasige scecanseseeseecom:e vance Reeds 22D IRUSSOM@MLOKOCIZSTS Ma SPeesteseeeeeeeese ; de dsee eee ee ae bols eee ceann eee 26 Alvania chiriquiemsis, 0. Sp. .....ccc000cc0ee dA Me ekre Fic ged oe Mesa 26 Nodulus megalomastomus, n. Sp. ............ ee eee Rr eee. Dif SOLED TAG (A111 ZETES EO BS) Oh PERE Ree oa PT ee ee rere re oon 28 SOV UTLOR EUS: DECLDICMN ui. (SD sh.dacr te. ssc ined auatice sede ee no eee bars 28 Ricwnomalanas ealest Pilshty and McGinty... 220 eee ee ee oO CUR OMIAI ARTS NPAUUT SINS Pie a Rett EI GOS A sat cehe ecco MG ea ey soon 30 VLE TAL ION TH 1) at me) a ee, ee ne ee 30 Vitrinella (Striovitrinella) elegans, n. subg., n. sp. ..... Cee ee ee sspbaged: 31 LEAT CIGRCH (E73 0 SAS) ©) ae eRe RIE TPE PO serge oan ge ee 31 Cyclostremiscus (Pachystremiscus) pulchellus, a. Sp. ....cccccccccccccecccecc cece eee 32 Cyclostremiscus (Pachystremiscus) ornatus, n. sp. ........... AS eee reas sent OS) DGGHONEDOGIUIM PA PTUCD RYE TVAGS DS sore bs 2s. Hn NE ba oes, yah aes a nod STEP MOP OMIA RAR Ce Maes Me! SIG a. on 5-0 keke oes feaaza dos ates ceeds ashenshasiactecauacnc > GtecusT (BAUGH \ACIONGHD. TUSPy, 1 ok 26s. Ss ease seas. |. ace ene ee 36 DE GUET SGITN LOLS IY, DORE Lhe SP) oor 4 NO ote Nee ty oh sen ns LCL nee eee 36 INGE!” OAC STOUT) Ob A aROEn chee ASIN al Ree Maat Shao am RNR fe I 37 Olivella (Niteoliva) minuta marmosa, 1. SUbSP. ..........0.ccc0cccccccseseceeecececseeeeees 38 VA CLEOCINGA IN CONS PLCUA Ml. (SP Ameen eee ae eee ee 38 Gib bernul dg bocds Cm sis. sis pec teee ete ee oe th ass cs ak ee 39 Persicula (Rabicea) adamstana wWebert, M Spe ..cc.cscczecsheccscccesceessesesccevseei ee 40 RESO MUCK 1s, Bvcks tcc ssd tc ees ae ete acces en AT Aa ea cece 40 Risomurex schrammi (Crosse) ............. Rosy ee ee ee 41 Risomurex muricoides (C. B. Adams) ............. vad sr Eee shan eee te ee 41 ROSERIA MID Ullay Ms SPs e, hitdie keene EEE oR 42 Odostomia (Chrysallida) gemmulosa C. B. Adams ...............000000c0cccecceceeeeeee 42 Odostomia (Ghryrallida asad ish, Me Spe... tices, cosice sessions a 43 Odostomia (Ivara) terryi, n. sp. ....... Pe cca cease os saacehce Soe ee 43 Miralda havanensis (Pilsbry and Aguayo) ....... 1 CR 44 Mipalda Gb Cone. Sac SSP ier 2iosc dts. eek as Ne ee 44 Pleuromerist maicellay ms (Spy Bete schicoth cess se ed ee 45 Philobrya: IRCOnSpreud,. “Me (Spe 3. Gee nae a ee 46 Crenella: gemma; SP: ii ks Ac adequsiies doer Paco ey ss 46 Timatula penders Ones. Sp --scsn.cscin ee ee 47 Strigilla spilsbryi24i. iS Dec sttsee cost ee 50 Strreila cabbt, axis ps + s.cscsdecpcstesigas espa tatel ote ee ee ee 50 Divaricellaavebert, eSP seek Gane Oe 51 Condylocardia bernard? (Dall) ee ee ee 52 RECENT MARINE MOLLUSKS FROM THE CARIBBEAN COAST OF PANAMA WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES AXEL A. OLSSON* AND THOMAS L. MCGINTY7T ABSTRACT Recent marine mollusks along the Caribbean coast of Panama have received little study. In this paper, about 534 species and subspecies are recorded, mostly from the Island of Bocas del Toro near the northwestern corner of the Republic. Of this number about 33 forms are described as new species or new subspecies with 4 new genera or subgenera. The material was obtained by shore collecting or by the picking of beach drift, carefully selected in the field. The main part of the Bocas collections was made in March, 1953, supplemented by material obtained by the senior author in 1917 and 1920. The expense of the field work in 1953 was partly defrayed by a grant from the American Philosophical Society. NEW GENERA, SUBGENERA, SPECIES, AND SUBSPECIES DESCRIBED IN| THIS, PAPER GASTROPODA New genera Decipifus type species D. s7xaolus, n. sp. Columbellidae Risomurex type species Engina schrammzi Crosse Muricidae New subgenera Striovitrinella type species Vitrinella elegans, n. sp. Vitrinellidae Pachystremiscus type species Cyclostremiscus pulchellus, n. sp., Vitrinellidae New species Diodora fargoi, n. sp. Fissurellidae Arene (Marevalvata) bitleri, n. sp. Liotiidae Rissoa toroensis, n. sp. Rissoidae Alvania chiriquiensis, n. sp. == Nodulus megalomastomus, n. sp. == Solariorbis corylus, n. sp. Vitrinellidae Solariorbis decipiens, n. sp. == Pleuromalaxis pauli, n. sp. = Vitrinella semisculpta, n. sp. = Vitrinella (Striovitrinella) elegans, n. sp. = Vitrinorbis elegans, n. sp. aa Cyclostremiscus (Pachystremiscus) pulchellus, n. sp. = Cyclostremiscus (Pachystremiscus) ornatus, n. Sp. == Macromphalina pilsbryz, n. sp. = Stephopoma myrakeenae, n. sp. Vermetidae Research Fellow, Department of Earth Sciences, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Research Associate, Paleontological Research Institution. +Research Associate, Department of Mollusks, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Research Associate, Paleontological Research Institution. 6 BULLETIN 177 Caecum (Bambusum) clenchi, n. sp. Caecidae Decipifus sixaolus, n. sp. Columbellidae Nassarina ? dubia, n. sp. = Acteocina inconspicua, n. sp. Acteocinidae Gibberula bocasensis, n. sp. Marginellidae Rosenia minibulla, n. sp. Stiliferidae Odostomia (Chrysallida) jadisi, n. sp. Pyramidellidae Odostomia (Ivara) terryi, n. sp. = Miralda abbotti, n. sp. = New subspecies Olivella (Niteoliva) minuta marmosa, n. subsp. Olividae Persicula (Rabicea) adamsiana webert, n. subsp. Marginellidae PELECYPODA Pleuromeris micella, n. sp. Carditidae Philobrya inconspicua, n. sp. Philobryidae Crenella gemma, Nn. sp. Mytilidae Limatula hendersoni, n. sp. Limidae Strigilla pilsbryz, n. sp. Tellinidae Strigilla gabbi, n. sp. = Divaricella weberi, n. sp. Lucinidae DEPOSITION OF TYPES The holotypes of the above new species and subspecies have been placed in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia. Coral Gables, Fla. May 31st, 1957. INTRODUCTION The Republic of Panama ts situated between the Caribbean Sea (west Atlantic) and the Pacific Ocean where the Central American land arch attains its narrowest width. Panama has the shape of a relatively narrow sigmoid, much elongated in an east-west direction, the two end limbs of the sigmoid, east and west Panama respectively, trend in a northwesterly direction. The main axis is uniformly high and mountainous, while the middle segment (middle Panama and the Canal Zone), with an opposite directional trend, is of much lower elevation and is composed of softer rock formations. ‘Thus, it might seem, as if middle Panama had been designed by nature purposefully as the site for a future interoceanic ship canal. MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 7 A ridge of high land or mountains, commonly known as the Central Range extends through most of Panama and forms the principal water shed between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. This is a region of old rocks, mostly pre-Tertiary 1gneous and metamorphics, intermixed with more Re- cent volcanics. Although the Central Range of Panama 1s now separated from the Colombian Andes by a wide gap forming the Atrato Valley, it is nevertheless a part of the great Andean mountain system of northwestern South America. Hence, Panama should be considered as a part of South America, its land area reduced in size by the orogenies which began in the Cretaceous and continued at intervals through the Tertiary. In the region of the Canal Zone, the continuity of the Central Range is interrupted by a fault zone forming a gap or low pass underlain by the younger and softer rocks of various Tertiary formations. The Chagres River, the source of which lies in a catchment basin on the Pacific slope, is hence able to worm its way around the ends of this mountain range to empty its waters into the northern ocean or the Caribbean. In eastern Panama, the Central Range is known as the Serrania de Darien, its highest parts situated along the Colombian border. From this point, the range continues westerly as a uniformly high ridge following close to the north coast and on the south bordered by the synclinal valleys of the Rio Tuyra, the Chucunaque, and the Bayano. The range ends rather sharply in Cerro Bruja, elevation about 934 meters (3,064.3 ft.) above Nombre de Dios near the eastern border of the Canal Zone. West of the Canal Zone, the Central Range is again renewed in the Serrania de Capira just south of the shores of Gatun Lake and from there continues steadily towards the west to attain its highest point in El Baru (Volcan de Chiriqui) of about 3400 meters near the Costa Rican border. In Costa Rica, the range is continued and bears the name of Cordillera de Talamanca. During the Tertiary, small parts of Panama and much larger sec- tions of Costa Rica and northwestern Colombia were submerged beneath the sea, forming straits or sea-ways which at times connected the Atlantic with the Pacific. During these periods of sea-transgression, the Caribbean and Pacific marine animals were free to intermingle, spread widely through the Caribbean and the Pacific realms, forming a single, fairly uniform fauna (Western or Atlantic Tethys). With the uplift of the Panama- Costa Rica land arch at the end of the Tertiary, the West Tethyian fauna became divided, the Pacific section remaining little modified, the Caribbean undergoing a greater change through extensive extermination of many of (oe) BULLETIN 177 the older groups and through the invasion of others from the north and east. The marine mollusks of the Caribbean coast of Panama have rfe- ceived little attention from visiting naturalists and the records of the oc- currence of such species in the literature are few in number. The principal reason, which must be ascribed to this conspicuous lack of interest in an important part of the Caribbean faunal region, is apparently the rarity of good collecting stations along the Caribbean coast of Panama as compared to the abundance and ready accessibility of such grounds on the Pacific side. Nearly the whole extent of the north coast of Panama from Colon to the Colombia border is a wild and inaccessible region, much of it under the strict control of the San Blas and Cuna Indians who do not encourage and rarely permit visitors within their lands; therefore, aside from a few shells obtained by tourists from the San Blas Indians, information on the marine molluscan life of eastern Panama is practically nonexistant. Limon Bay, situated at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal, has yielded much interesting material but expanding harbor installations, pollution, and military zoning has greatly reduced the few places where some col- lecting can still be done. Mud dredged from the bay, as well as marl dug up from drainage canals at Colon (the latter generally considered as a Pleistocene deposit), has yielded most of the smaller species recorded from the Colon region. Several small lots, consisting mostly of beach material, have been secured from stations scattered along the coast from Colon to the Chirt- qui Lagoon. This is a long stretch of sandy beaches and rock ledges, the whole section exposed to a strong surf generated by the trade winds which blow strongly and steadily from the northeast for several months of the year. Travel along this belt of coastline must be made on foot, in the saddle, or in small coastal vessels which maintain an irregular schedule with a few villages. The places named Pifia, Lagarto, and Salud are small villages near the west border of the Canal Zone and may be reached by automobile from Gatun. The more remote place names of Old Bess Point and Coco Plum, refer to small cocoanut plantations and can be reached from the Chiriqui Lagoon. Our main collections, and those which gave incentive to this paper, were made along the northern and eastern shores of Bocas or Columbus Island at the northwestern entrance to the Chiriqui Lagoon. Our first Bocas collections were secured by the senior author in October 1917; others MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 9 in 1920. Our final and largest collection was obtained in March 1953 by the authors jointly when we were accompanied by Mr. Jay A. Weber of Miami, Florida. At this time, our best collecting grounds were found to be along the east side of the island, between Puss Head Point and Long Bay Point or about five to six kilometers north of the city of Bocas del Toro. This is a stretch of coraliferous limestone platform, interrupted or flanked by small sandy beaches. Much of the material collected in this zone consists of beach drift, carefully selected in the field, and which on sorting and picking proved extremely rich, especially in the smaller species. It is evident from the large number of species obtained by us in a relatively short time the Bocas fauna is unusually rich and would repay more exten- sive work, especially during the fall months of the years when the trade winds have subsided and some dredging could be undertaken in the open sea. In contrast to the excellent collecting found on the east side of the island, that on the lee shore, which is fringed by mangrove, proved poor, the bottom composed for the most part of a muddy sediment so charged with sponge spicules that our hands smarted as if we had handled nettles. Bocas or Columbus Island (Isla de Colon on some maps) is one of the five main islands in the northern part of the deep, baylike gulf known as the “Chiriqui Lagoon’, situated along the northwest coast of Panama near its border with Costa Rica. The island is nearly rectangular, its longer axis trending roughly North 45 degrees West, and covering about 78 sq. km. (30 square miles) in area. Hills in the interior of the island reach a maximum height of about 125 meters. To the southwest of Bocas Island, and separated from it by a narrow but deep channel used by fruit steamers entering the lagoon, is Providence or Bastimentos Island, of nearly the same size as Bocas but of an elongated, irregular form. South of Providence Island lies Popes Island, and beyond that to the southeast is Water Cay. At the southern corner of Bocas Island and connected to the main island only by a narrow neck of land (Haulover) is located the city of Bocas del Toro, the largest settlement in northwestern Panama and the capitol of the province of Bocas del Toro. The main part of Bocas Island is sparingly settled and that only with a small scattering of houses along the shore, the people engaged in fishing, some agricultural pursuits, mostly the harvesting of cocoanuts which grow so luxuriantly along the whole northeast coast of Panama and Costa Rica. In the interior, the island is rugged, due to its limestone formation, favoring the development of a sink-hole topography, the few small streams flowing on the surface for 10 BULLETIN 177 only a short distance. A single road, built a few years ago during the course of oil exploration, is now abandoned and thickly overgrown and at the time of our visit was passable with difficulty for only half way. Bocas Island and the Chiriqui Lagoon offer much of interest to the naturalist and if future work be done, it should be extended throughout the lagoon, its many islands being accessible by small launch. MARINE MOLLUSKS OF THE CARIBBEAN COAST OF PANAMA Class GASTROPODA Family SCISSURELLIDAE Woodwardia cingulata (O. G. Costa). Bocas Family FISSURELLIDAE Emarginula phrixodes Dall. Bocas Emarginula pumila (A. Adams). Bocas Puncturella cf. sportella Watson. Bocas Hemitoma octoradiata (Gmelin). Bocas, Colon Phenacolepas hamillei (Fischer). Bocas, Colon Hyalopatina rushi Dall. Bocas Diodora arcuata (Sowerby). Bocas, Colon Diodora cayenensis (Lamarck). Bocas, Colon Diodora dysoni (Reeve). Bocas, Colon Diodora fargoi Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas, Colon Diodora listeri (d’Orbigny). Bocas, Colon Diodora minuta variegata (Sowerby). Bocas Diodora sayi (Dall). Bocas Diodora viridula (Lamarck). Bocas Lucapina philippiana (Finlay). Bocas Lucapina suffusa (Reeve). Bocas, Colon Lucapina suffusa tobagoensis Farfante. Colon Lucapinella limatula (Reeve). Bocas Fissurella fascicularis Lamarck. Bocas Fissurella angusta (Gmelin). Bocas, Colon Fissurella barbadensis (Gmelin). Bocas, Colon Fissurella barbouri Farfante. Bocas, Colon Fissurella nodosa (Born). Bocas Fissurella rosea (Gmelin). Bocas, Colon Family ACMAEIDAE Acmaea antillarum (Sowerby). Colon Acmaea antillarum (Sowerby) subsp. Colon Acmaea cubensis (Reeve). Bocas, Colon Acmaea jamaicensis (Gmelin). Bocas, Colon Acmaea pustulata (Helbling). Bocas, Colon Family TROCHIDAE Calliostoma jujubinum (Gmelin). Bocas, Colon Calliostoma pulcher (C. B. Adams). Bocas Calliostoma zonamestum (A. Adams). Colon Livona pica (Linné). Bocas, Colon MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY Tegula fasciata (Born). Bocas Tegula viridula (Gmelin). Colon Haplocochlias swifti Vanatta. Bocas, Colon Parviturbo rehderi Pilsbry & McGinty. Bocas Synaptocochlea picta (d’Orbigny). Bocas Fanily TURBINIDAE Turbo filosus (Wood). Almirante Cyclostrema cancellatum Matryat. Bocas Arene bitleri Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Arene brasiliana (Dall). Bocas, Almirante Arene miniata (Dall). Bocas Arene riisei Rehder. Bocas, Almirante Astraea americana (Gmelin). Bocas Astraea longispina (Lamarck). Bocas, Colon Astraea caelata (Gmelin). Bocas, Colon Fanily COLLONITIDAE Collonia? sp. Bocas Family PHASIANELLIDAE Tricolia adamsi (Philippi). Bocas, Colon Tricolia affinis cruenta Robertson. Bocas, Colon Tricolia bella (M. Smith). (pulchellus C. B. Adams). Bocas, Colon Tricolia tessellata (Potiez & Michaud). Bocas, Colon Family NERITIDAE Nerita fulgurans Gmelin. Bocas, Colon Nerita peloronta Linné. Colon Nerita tessellata Gmelin. Bocas Nerita versicolor Gmelin. Bocas, Colon Neritina virginea (Linné). Bocas, Colon Neritina zebra (Bruguiére). Bocas Smaragdia viridis (Linné). Bocas, Colon Smaragdia viridis viridemaris Maury. Bocas Family LITTORINIDAE Littorina angulifera (Lamarck). Bocas Littorina meleagris (Potiez & Michaud). Bocas, Colon Littorina nebulosa (Lamarck). Bocas, Colon Littorina nebulosa tessellata Philippi. Bocas, Colon Littorina ziczac (Linné). Bocas, Colon Nodilittorina tuberculata (Menke). Bocas, Colon Tectarius muricatus (Linné). Bocas Family TRUNCATELLIDAE Truncatella bilabiata Pfeiffer. Bocas Truncatella scalaris (Michaud). Bocas, Colon Family SYNCERATIDAE Syncera sp. Bocas Family RISSOIDAE Alvania aberrans (C. B. Adams). Bocas Alvania auberiana (dOrbigny). Bocas, Colon Alvania chiriquiensis Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Rissoa toroensis Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Rissoina albida (C. B. Adams). Bocas Rissoina browniana d Orbigny. Bocas, Colon Rissoina bryerea (Montagu). Bocas, Colon 12 BULLETIN 177 Rissoina cancellata Philippi. Bocas, Colon Rissoina chesneli Michaud. Bocas, Colon Rissoina decussata (Montagu). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Rissoina elegantissima dOrbigny. Bocas, Colon Rissoina fischeri Desjardin. Bocas Microdochus floridanus Rehder. Bocas Nodulus megalomastomus Olsson and McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Family VITRINELLIDAE Vitrinella blakei Rehder. Bocas Vitrinella elegans Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Vitrinella helicoidea C. B. Adams. Bocas Vitrinella multistriata Verrill. Bocas Vitrinella praecox Pilsbry & McGinty, Bocas Vitrinella semisculpta Olsson & McGinty. n. sp. Bocas Vitrinella terminalis Pilsbry & McGinty. Bocas Teinostoma carinicallus Pilsbry & McGinty. Bocas Teinostoma diaphana (dOrbigny). Bocas Teinostoma goniogyrus Pilsbry & McGinty. Bocas Teinostoma megastoma (C. B. Adams). Bocas Teinostoma nesaeum Pilsbry & McGinty. Bocas Teinostoma sp. Bocas Pleuromalaxis balesi Pilsbry & McGinty. Bocas Pleuromalaxis pauli Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Parviturboides interruptus (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Colon Cyclostremiscus cubanus (Pilsbry & Aguayo). Bocas, Colon Cyclostremiscus jeannae Pilsbry & McGinty. Bocas, Colon Cyclostremiscus ornatus Olsson and McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Cyclostremiscus pulchellus Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Cyclostremiscus schrammi (Fischer). Bocas, Colon Vitrinorbis elegans Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Solariorbis bartschi (Vanatta). Bocas Solariorbis corylus Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas, Colon Solariorbis decipiens Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Macromphalina pilsbryi Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Macromphalina sp. Bocas Macromphalina sp. Bocas Episcynia multicarinata Dall. Colon Family TURRITELLIDAE Turritella sp. Bocas Family ARCHITECTONICIDAE Architectonica nobilis Réding (granulata Lamarck). Colon Torinia bisulcata (d'Orbigny). Bocas, Colon Torinia cylindrica (Gmelin). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Torinia infundibuliforme (Gmelin). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Spirolaxis exquisita (Dall & Simpson). Bocas Family VERMETIDAE Petaloconchus nigricans Dall. Bocas Spiroglyphus sp. Bocas Stephopoma myrakeenae Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas, Colon Family CAECIDAE Caecum floridanum Stimpson. Bocas, Colon Caecum pulchellum Stimpson. Bocas, Colon MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY Caecum sp. Bocas Caecum sp. Bocas Caecum imbricatum Carpenter. Bocas, Colon Caecum clenchi Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Caecum nebulosum Rehder. Bocas, Colon Caecum sp. Bocas Meioceras nitidum (Stimpson). Bocas, Colon Fanily PLANAXIDAE Planaxis lineatus (da Costa). Bocas, Colon Planaxis nucleus (Bruguiére). Bocas, Colon Fanily MODULIDAE Modulus carchedonius (Lamarck). Colon, Almirante Modulus modulus (Linné). Almirante Family POTAMIDIDAE Cerithidea scalariformis (Say). Bocas Family CERITHIDAE Cerithium algicola C. B. Adams. Bocas, Almirante, Colon Cerithium eburneum Bruguiére. Bocas, Colon Cerithium floridanum Moérch. Bocas, Colon Certthium litteratum Born. Bocas, Colon Cerithium variable C. B. Adams, Bocas, Colon Batillaria minima (Gmelin). Bocas, Colon Bittium cerithidiodes Dall. Bocas, Colon Bittium varium (Pfeiffer). Bocas, Colon Alaba incerta (d’Orbigny) (tervaricosa C. B. Adams). Bocas, Colon Litiopa melanostoma Rang. Bocas, Colon Cerithiopsis abrupta Watson. Bocas Cerithiopsis greeni (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Colon Cerithiopsis rugulosum (C. B. Adams). Bocas Cerithiopsis vicola Dall & Bartsch. Bocas Cerithiopsis emersoni? (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Colon Cerithiopsis sp. Bocas Seila adamsi (H. C. Lea). Bocas, Colon Family TRIPHORIDAE Triphora decorata (C. B. Adams). Bocas Triphora modesta (C. B. Adams). Bocas Triphora ornata Deshayes. Bocas, Colon Triphora turristhomae Dillwyn. Bocas Family JANTHINIDAE Janthina janthina (Linné). Bocas, Colon Family EPITONIIDAE Opalia crenata (Linné). Bocas Opalia hotessieriana (d’Orbigny). Bocas, Colon Opalia pumilio (Morch). Bocas Opalia pumilio morchiana (Dall). Bocas, Colon Epitonium albidum (dOrbigny). Bocas, Colon Epitonium candeanum (dOrbigny). Bocas, Colon Epitonium echinaticostum (d’Orbigny). Bocas Epitonium foliaceicostum (d’Orbigny). Bocas 14 BULLETIN 177 Epitonium georgetlina (Kiener). Bocas, Colon Epitoninm krebsi (Morch). Bocas Epitoninm lamellosum (Lamarck). Bocas Epitonium unifasciatum (Sowerby). Bocas Family ACLIDIDAE Aclis sp. Bocas, Colon Schwengelia sp. Bocas Family MELANELLIDAE Strombiformis bilineata Alder. Bocas, Colon Strombiformis sp. Bocas Melanella arcuata (C. B. Adams). Bocas Melanella intermedia (Contraine). Bocas, Colon Melanella sp. Bocas Family STILIFERIDAE Rosenta minibulla Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Family PYRAMIDELLIDAE Odostomia abbotti Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas, Colon Odostomia bisuturalis Say. Bocas Odostomia gemmulosa C. B. Adams. Bocas Odostomia havanensis Pilsbry & Aguayo. Bocas Odostomia jadisi Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas, Colon Odostomia laevigata (d’Orbigny). Bocas Odostomia terryi Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Odostomia sp. Bocas Athleenia burryi Bartsch. Bocas Triptychus niveus (Morch). Bocas Turbonilla pupoides (d’Orbigny). Bocas Turbonilla sp. Bocas, Colon Pyramidella candida Morch. Bocas Sayella sp. Bocas Family HIPPONICIDAE Cheilea equestris (Linné). Bocas, Colon Hipponix antiquatus (Linné). Bocas, Colon Hipponix floridanus Olsson & Harbison. Bocas Hipponix subrufus (Lamarck). Bocas, Colon Family CALYPTRAEIDAE Calyptraea centralis (Conrad). Bocas Crepidula convexa Say subsp. Bocas, Colon Family XENOPHORIDAE Xenophora conchyliophora (Born). Lagarto, Colon Family STROMBIDAE Strombus gigas Linné. Bocas, Colon Strombus pugilis Linné. Bocas Strombus raninus Gmelin. Bocas, Colon Family LAMELLARITDAE Lamellaria pellucida Verrill. Bocas Family FOSSARIDAE Fossarus orbignyi Fischer. Bocas, Colon Iselica anomala (C. B. Adams). Bocas MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY Family ERATOIDAE Erato maugeriae Gray. Bocas, Colon Trivia pediculus (Linné). Bocas Trivia quadripunctata (Gray). Bocas Family CYPRAEIDAE Cypraea cinerea Gmelin. Bocas, Colon Cypraea spurca acicularis Gmelin. Bocas, Colon Cypraea zebra Linné (exanthema Linné). Bocas, Largarto, Coco Plum, Colon Family OVULIDAE Cyphoma gibbosum (Linné). Bocas Neosimnia uniplicata (Sowerby). Colon Family NATICIDAE Polinices hepaticus (R6ding) (brunneus Link). Bocas Polinices lacteus (Guilding). Bocas, Colon Natica canrena (Linné). Bocas, Colon Natica livida Pfeiffer. Bocas, Colon Natica pusilla Say. Bocas Glyphepithema floridana Rehder. Colon Family CASSIDIDAE Morum oniscus (Linné). Bocas, Colon Phalium granulatum (Born). Bocas, Colon Cassis tuberosa (Linné). Bocas Cypraecassis testiculus (Linné). Bocas, Colon Family CYMATITDAE Cymatium femorale (Linné). Colon Cymatium nicobaricum (Roding) (chlorostomum Lk.). Colon Cymatium parthenopeum (von Salis) (costatum Born). Bocas Cymatium martinianum (d’Orbigny) (Dissentoma prima Pils.). Bocas, Colon Cymatium muricinum (R6ding) (tuberosum Lk.). Colon Cymatium gemmatum (Reeve) (gracile of authors). Bocas, Colon Cymatium caribbaeum Clench & Turner (formerly cynocephalum). Bocas, Colon Charonia variegata (Lamarck) (nobilis Conrad). Bocas, Colon Distorsio clathrata (Lamarck). Colon Family BURSIDAE Bursa cubaniana (d’Orbigny). Bocas, Colon Bursa spadicea (Montfort). Colon Family TONNIDAE Tonna maculosa (Dillwyn). Bocas, Colon Family MURICIDAE Murex pomum Gmelin. Bocas, Colon Murex woodringi Clench & Farfante. Almirante, Colon Murex intermedia C. B. Adams. Bocas Murex macgintyi (M. Smith). Bocas Typhis cancellatus (Sowerby). Bocas Muricopsis hexagona (Lamarck). Bocas Urosalpinx cinerea (Say). Almirante Urosalpinx perrugata (Conrad). Bocas Aspella anceps (Lamarck). Bocas Aspella elizabethae McGinty. Bocas Aspella paupercula (C. B. Adams). Bocas Drupa didyma Schwengel. Bocas 16 BULLETIN 177 Drupa nodulosa (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Risomurex schrammi (Crosse). Bocas, Colon Risomurex muricoides (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Purpura patula (Linné). Colon Thais haemastoma floridana (Conrad). Bocas, Colon Thais rustica (Lamarck). Bocas, Colon Thais trinitatensis (Guppy). Colon Thais deltoidea (Lamarck). Bocas, Colon Family MAGILIDAE Coralliophila aberrans (C. B. Adams). Bocas Coralliophila plicata (Wood). Bocas Coralliophila mansfieldi McGinty. Bocas Family COLUMBELLIDAE Pyrene ovulata (Lamarck). Bocas Columbella mercatoria (Linné). Bocas, Colon Nitidella argus (d’Orbigny). Bocas, Colon Nitidella laevigata (Linné). Bocas, Colon Nitidella moleculina Duclos. Bocas Nitidella nitidula (Sowerby). Bocas, Colon Nitidella ocellata (Gmelin). Bocas Anachis catenata? Sowerby. Almirante, Bocas, Colon Anachis obesa (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Colon Anachis varia (Sowerby). Bocas, Colon Decipifus pulchellus (C. B. Adams). Bocas Decipifus sixaolus Olsson and McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Mitrella albella (C. B. Adams). Almirante, Colon Mitrella fusiformis (d’Orbigny). Bocas Mitrella lunata Say. Bocas, Colon Mazatlania aciculata (Lamarck). Bocas Nassarina glypta (Bush). Bocas, Colon Nassarina maculata (C. B. Adams). Bocas Nassarina? dubia Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Psarostola monilifera (Sowerby). Bocas, Colon Family BUCCINIDAE Bailya intricata (Dall). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Antillophos adelus Schwengel. Bocas Engina turbinella Kiener. Bocas, Colon Colubraria testacea (MOrch). Colon Pisania pusio (Linné). Bocas, Colon Monostiolum swifti (Tryon). Bocas Cantharus auritulus (Link). Bocas Cantharus tinctus (Conrad). Bocas Family MELONGENIDAE Melongena melongena (Linné). Bocas, Colon Family NASSARIIDAE Nassarius albus (Say) (ambiguus Pulteney). Bocas, Almirante Nassarius albus consensus (Ravenel). Bocas, Colon Nassarius vibex (Say). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Family FASCIOLARITDAE Fasciolaria tulipa (Linné). Bocas, Colen Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin). Bocas, Colon Leucozonia ocellata (Gmelin). Bocas MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY Latirus brevicaudatus (Reeve). Bocas Latirus mcgintyi Pilsbry. Bocas Fusilatirus cayohuesontcus (Sowerby). Bocas Family TURBINELLIDAE Turbinella angulatus (Solander). Bocas Vasum muricatum (Born). Bocas, Colon Family OLIVIDAE Oliva reticularis Lamarck. Bocas Jaspidella blanesi (Ford). Bocas Agaronia testacea (Lamarck). Bocas Olivella bullula Reeve. Bocas Olivella chiriquiensis Olsson. Bocas Olivella minuta marmosa Olsson & McGinty, n. subsp.. Bocas, Colon Olivella myrmecoén Dall. Colon Family MITRIDAE Mitra barbadensis Gmelin. Colon Mitra nodulosa Gmelin. Bocas, Almirante, Colon Mitra straminea A. Adams. Bocas Mitra albocincta C. B. Adams. Bocas Mitra dermestina Lamarck (albicostata C. B. Adams). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Mitra hanleyi (Dohrn). Bocas Mitra hanleyi gemmata Sowerby. Bocas, Colon Mitra moisei McGinty. Bocas Mitra puella Reeve. Bocas Family VOLUTIDAE Voluta virescens Solander. Colon Enaeta reevet Dall. Bocas Family MARGINELLIDAE Marginella aureocincta Stearns. Bocas Marginella cincta? Kiener. Bocas, Coco Plum Marginella guttata Dillwyn. Bocas Marginella tsabelae Borro. Bocas Marginella oblonga Swainson. Bocas, Colon Persicula adamsiana weberi Olsson & McGinty, n. subsp. Bocas, Colon Persicula catenata (Montagu). Bocas Persicula lavalleana (d’Orbigny). Bocas Persicula sp. Bocas, Colon Gibberula bocasensis Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas, Colon Hyalina albolineata (d’Orbigny). Bocas Hyalina avena Valenciennes. Bocas, Almirante Hyalina avena beyerleana Bern. Bocas, Colon Hyalina pellucida Schumacher. Bocas Family CONIDAE Conus largillierti Kiener. Colon Conus mus Hwass. Bocas, Colon Conus regius Gmelin. Bocas Conus regius cardinalis Hwass. Bocas Conus spurius atlanticus Clench. Colon Conus verrucosus Hwass. Bocas, Colon Family TEREBRIDAE Terebra taurinum Solander (flammea Lamarck). Colon Terebra hastata Gmelin. Bocas iw) 18 BULLETIN 177 Terebra salleana Deshayes. Bocas, Colon Terebra protexta Conrad. Bocas Family TURRIDAE Crassispira harfordiana (Reeve). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Crassispira sp. Bocas Drillia elatior C. B. Adams. Bocas Carinodrillia interpleura (Dall & Simpson). Bocas Monilispira albinodata (Reeve). Bocas Monilispira albocincta (C. B. Adams). Bocas Monilispira jayana (C. B. Adams). Bocas Monilispira leucocyma (Dall). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Monilispira sp. Bocas, Colon “Pleurotoma”’ flavocincta C. B. Adams. Bocas “Pleurotoma’ fusiformis C. B. Adams. Bocas Ithycythara muricoides (C. B. Adams). Bocas Pyrgocythara albovittata (C. B. Adams). Bocas Vitricythara metria (Dall). Colon Brachycythara biconica (C. B. Adams). Almirante, Colon “Mangelia’ candidissima C. B. Adams. Bocas “Mangelia’ plicosa (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Almirante “Mangelia’ sp. Bocas Glyphoturris diminuta (C. B. Adams). Bocas Kurtziella quadrilineata (C. B. Adams). Bocas Nannodiella melantica (Dall). Bocas, Colon Family ACTEONIDAE Acteon punctostriatus (C. B. Adams). Bocas Family HYDATINIDAE Micromelo undata (Bruguiére). Bocas, Colon Family BULLIDAE Bulla occidentalis A. Adams. Bocas, Almirante Family ATYDAE Atys caribaea (d’Orbigny). Bocas Atys sandersoni Dall. Bocas Haminoea glabra A. Adams. Bocas Family RETUSIDAE Retusa sulcata (d’Orbigny ).. Bocas Rhizorus acutus (d’Orbigny). Bocas Rhizorus oxytatus (Bush). Bocas, Colon Family ACTEOCINIDAE Acteocina candei (d’Orbigny). Bocas, Colon Acteocina inconspicua Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Cylichna bidentata (d’Orbigny). Colon Family PHILINIDAE Philine sagra (d’Orbigny). Bocas Family CAVOLINIDAE Creseis acicula Rang. Bocas Family OXYNOIDAE Oxynoe antillarum Morch. Bocas MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 19 Family ELLOBUDAE Pedipes mirabilis (Muhlfeld). Bocas Tralia pusila (Gmelin). Bocas Melampus flavus (Gmelin). Bocas Blauneria heteroclita (Montagu). Colon Family GADINITDAE Gadinia carinata Dall. Bocas Family SIPHONARITDAE Williamia krebsi (Mérch). Bocas Glass PEEREYPODA Family NUCULIDAE Nucula crenulata A. Adams. Bocas, Colon Nucula proxima Say. Bocas, Colon Family NUCULANIDAE Nuculana acuta (Conrad). Almirante, Coco Plum, Colon Nuculana vulgaris Pilsbry & Brown. Colon Yoldia perprotracta Dall. Bocas, Colon Family ARCIDAE Arca umbonata Lamarck. Bocas, Colon Arca zebra Swainson. Bocas, Colon Barbatia cancellaria (Lamarck). Bocas, Almirante Barbatia candida (Helbling). Bocas Barbatia domingensis (Lamarck). Bocas, Colon Barbatia tenera (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Colon Arcopsis adamsi (E. A. Smith). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Anadara chemnitzi (Philippi). Bocas, Colon Anadara notabilis (Roding). Bocas Anadara transversa (Say). Bocas Noetia bisulcata (Lamarck). Bocas, Colon Family GLYCYMERIDAE Glycymeris spectralis Nicol. Bocas Family MYTILIDAE Crenella divaricata (d’Orbigny). Bocas Crenella gemma Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Brachidontes citrinus (Réding). Bocas Brachidontes exustus (Linné). Bocas, Colon Musculus lateralis (Say). Bocas Gregariella opifex (Say). Bocas Family PHILOBRYIDAE Philobrya inconspicua Olsson and McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Family ISOGNOMONIDAE Isognomon alatus (Gmelin). Bocas Isognomon bicolor (C. B. Adams). Bocas Family PTERITDAE Pinctata radiata (Leach). Bocas 20 BULLETIN 177 Family PLICATULIDAE Plicatula gibbosa Lamarck. Bocas Plicatula penicillata Carpenter. Bocas Family PECTINIDAE Pecten ziczac (Linné). Almirante, Colon Aequipecten muscosus (Wood). Almirante, Colon Chlamys imbricatus (Gmelin). Colon Chlamys mildredae Bayer. Bocas Chlamys sentis (Reeve). Bocas, Coco Plum, Colon Lyropecten antillarum (Recluz). Colon Family SPONDYLIDAE Spondylus americanus Hermann. Bocas, Almirante, Coco Plum Family LIMIDAE Lima lima (Linné). Bocas Lima scabva (Born). Bocas, Colon Lima tenera Sowerby. Bocas Lima pellucida C. B. Adams. Bocas Limatula hendersoni Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Family OSTREIDAE Ostrea frons Linné. Bocas Ostrea rhizophorae Guilding. Bocas, Colon Family CRASSATELLIDAE Crassinella guadalupensis (dOrbigny). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Family CARDITIDAE Cardita gracilis Shuttleworth. Bocas, Colon Pleuromeris micella Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Fanily CONDYLOCARDITDAE Carditopsis bernard? Dall. Bocas, Colon Carditopsis smithi (Dall). Bocas, Colon Family TRAPEZHDAE Coralliophaga coralliophaga (Gmelin). Almirante Family DREISSENIDAE Mytilopsis leucopheata Conrad. Bocas, Colon Mytilopsis zeteki Hertlein & Strong. Colon Family DIPLODONTIDAE Diplodonta semiaspera Philippi. Bocas, Colon Diplodonta soror (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Almirante, Coco Plum, Colon Family LUCINIDAE Lucina pensylvanica (Linné). Bocas Lucina trisulcata Conrad. Bocas Lucina multilineata Taomey & Holmes. Bocas Lucina leucocyma Dall. Bocas Phacoides pectinatus (Gmelin) (jamaicensis Lamarck). Bocas, Colon Phacoides muricatus (Spengler). Bocas, Almirante Phacoides radians (Conrad). Bocas Anodontia alba Link (chrysostoma Philippi). Bocas, Colon Codakia orbiculata (Montagu). Bocas, Colon MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 21 Codakia orbiculata filiata Dall. Bocas, Almirante Codakia orbicularts (Linné). Bocas Codakia pectinella (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Almirante Divaricella quadrisulcata (d'Orbigny). Bocas, Coco Plum, Colon Divaricella weberi Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas, Coco Plum, Colon Family CHAMIDAE Chama congregata Conrad. Bocas Chama florida Lamarck. Bocas Chama macerophylla Gmelin. Bocas Pseudochama radians (Lamarck). Bocas Family LEPTONIDAE Lepton sp. Bocas Montacuta floridana Dall. Bocas Family CARDITDAE Trachycardium muricatum (Linné). Bocas, Colon Trigoniocardia ceramidum (Dall). Bocas, Colon Trigoniocardia medium (Linné). Bocas Laevicardium laevigatum (Linné). Bocas, Colon Papyridea semisulcatum (Gray). Bocas Papyridea soleniforme (Bruguiére). Bocas Family VENERIDAE Chione cancellata (Linné). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Chione granulata (Gmelin). Bocas Chione paphia (Linné). Bocas Chione pinchoti Pilsbry & Olsson. Colon Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin). Bocas, Colon Tivela mactroides (Born). Bocas, Colon Transennella cubaniana (d’Orbigny). Bocas Pitar subaresta (Dall). Almirante, Colon Pitar circinata (Born). Bocas, Colon Pitar dione (Linné). Bocas, Colon Gouldia cerina (C. B. Adams). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Macrocallista maculata (Linné). Bocas Family PETRICOLIDAE Petriocola lapicida (Gmelin). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Rupellaria typica (Jonas). Colon Family TELLINIDAE Tellina listeri Réding (interrupta Wood). Bocas Tellina promera Dall. Bocas Tellina tampaensis Conrad. Almirante Tellina versicolor DeKay. Bocas, Colon Tellina alternata Say. Bocas, Colon Tellina angulosa Gmelin. Bocas, Coco Plum Tellina lineata Turton. Bocas, Coco Plum, Colon Tellina martinicensis dOrbigny. Colon Tellina fausta Pulteney. Bocas Macoma brevifrons (Say). Bocas, Almirante, Colon Strigilla carnaria (Linné). Bocas, Coco Plum Strigilla gabbi Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas, Colon Strigilla pilsbryi Olsson & McGinty, n. sp. Bocas Strigilla pisiformis (Linné). Bocas, Colon Strigilla producta Tryon. Colon i) NM BULLETIN 177 Family SEMELIDAE Semele proficua (Pulteney). Colon Semele nuculoides (Conrad). Bocas, Colon Cumingia coarctata Sowerby. Bocas Family DONACIDAE Donax denticulata Linné. Bocas Donax striata Linné. Bocas Iphigenia brasiliensis (Lamarck), Rio Biarra, Chiriqui Lagoon Fanily SANGUINOLARITDAE Sanguinolaria cruenta (Solander). Bocas, Water Key, Coco Plum Asaphis deflorata (Linné). Bocas Tagelus divisus (Spengler). Bocas Tagelus plebeius (Solander). Bocas Family SOLENIDAE Solecurtus cumingianus Dunker. Coco Plum Family MACTRIDAE Mactra alata Spengler. Bocas, Colon Mactra fragilis Gmelin. Bocas, Colon Fanily CORBICULIDAE Neocyrena sp. Old Bess Point, Coco Plum Family MESODESMATIDAE Ervilia concentrica Gould. Bocas Ervilia rostratula Rehder. Bocas, Colon Family MYACIDAE Sphenia antillensis Dall & Simpson. Bocas Family CORBULIDAE Corbula aequivalvis Philippi. Almirante, Colon Carycorbula blandiana (C. B. Adams). Bocas Carycorbula disparilis (d’Orbigny). Bocas Juliacorbula knoxiana (C. B. Adams). Almirante Family GASTROCHAENIDAE Rocellaria stimpsoni Tryon. Bocas Family PHOLADIDAE Pholas campechiensis Gmelin. Colon Martesia cunetformis (Say). Colon Martesia striata (Linné). Colon Family PANDORIDAE Pandora sp. Bocas Fanily THRACIIDAE Thracia distorta (Montagu). Bocas Family PERIPLOMATIDAE Periploma inaequivalvis Schumacher. Almirante, Coco Plum Fanily VERTICORDITDAE Verticordia ornata (d’Orbigny). Bocas, Colon Fanily CUSPIDARITDAE Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes). Colon MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN Coast PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 23 Class AMPHINEURA Family ISCHNOCHITONIDAE Ischnochiton limaciformis (Sowerby). Bocas Ischnochiton pectinatus (Sowerby). Bocas, Colon Ischnochiton shuttleworthianus Pilsbry. Bocas Family CHITONIDAE Chiton marmoratus Gmelin. Bocas Chiton tuberculatus Linné. Bocas Chiton viridis Spengler. Colon Acanthopleura granulata (Gmelin). Colon Family ACANTHOCHITONIDAE Acanthochitona hemphilli Pilsbry. Colon Class SCAPHOPODA Family DENTALITDAE Dentalium texasianum Philippi. Colon Dentalinm disparile d’Orbigny. Almirante Family SIPHONODENTALITDAE Cadulus nitidus Henderson. Colon Cadulus quadridentatus acompsus Henderson. Bocas, Colon Class CEPHALOPODA Family SPIRULIDAE Spirula spirula (Linné). Bocas, Colon Total number of species and subspecies 534. DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES Class GASTROPODA Family FISSURELLIDAE Genus Diedora Gray, 1821 Type species by monotypy, Patella apertura Montagu [—Dvodora graeca (Linné) }. Diodora fargoi, new species Pl. 2, figs. 4, 4a, 4b Shell small (length, 8.6 mm., height, 4.15 mm.), short, conic, the length nearly twice the height, fairly solid, the bluntly truncated apex per- forated by an oblong or slightly trilobate orifice placed in the anterior one- third. The longer posterior slope is noticeably arched or convex, the shorter anterior slope nearly straight and steep. Basal margin is oblong- ovate, not quite flat, the middle zone being weakly concave, the anterior end slightly narrowed, the sides nearly straight, the marginal edge coarsely serrated by the projecting ends of the ribs in an alternating manner, the 24 BULLETIN 177 ends of the ribs internally fluted. The sculpture is cancellated or latticed by intersecting coarse, radial riblets and coarse, concentric threads arranged symmetrically, with nine primary ribs on each side (total 18), the details of which are as follows: the primary ribs are coarse, high, narrow, and rather widely spaced, with a similar but much smaller secondary riblet in the middle of each interspace and in addition with two or three much smaller tertiary radial threads lying in each section of the divided main interspace ; the concentric threads are developed in two strengths, a large, coarse, primary set of narrow, flangelike ridges which bridge across the primary interspaces (about 10 in number), packed close together on the apical section, wider and more regularly spaced towards the base, and a set of much finer, concentric threads cutting across radial ribs forming small nodes, At the intersection of the primary ribs and the concentrics, the resulting nodes are high and sharp. External color is a cream or light, greenish gray, mottled irregularly with black, the secondary riblets are often black. Internally, the callus around the orifice is quite large, sharply truncated on the posterior end, white or gray, the transmitted images of the primary ribs and concentrics showing as narrow, white bars and their intervals as interrupted black lines. Holotype, length, 8.6 mm.; height, 4.5 mm.; width, 5.5 mm. ANSP 211878. Bocas Island. This species differs from juvenile specimens of D. /isterz (d’Orbigny) by its higher, more conic form, smaller, oblong orifice and finer sculpture, there being a greater difference in size between the primary and secondary riblets. D. alta (C. B. Adams) from the Pacific Coast of Panama is quite close to our species, but there are differences in sculptural details. Four specimens of this interesting species are known to us. We are naming this fine species in honor of the late Mr. William G. Fargo, a distinguished engineer and naturalist. Genus Puneturella Lowe, 1827 Type species by monotypy, Patella noachina Linné. Puncturella cf. sportella Watson WAL A sees, 7/ Puncturella sportella Watson, 1883, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 17, p. 37; Watson, 1886, Challenger Report, vol. 15, part 42, Report on the Scaphopoda and Gasteropoda, p. 45, pl. 4, fig. 9. (Off Saint Thomas, north of Culebra Island, West Indies. ) Shell small, solid, with a stout, conic, caplike shape, the anterior slope nearly straight, the posterior with a small hump in the middle. The base MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 25 is ovate-elliptical with straight and parallel sides and semicircular ends. The apical whorls show a small reclining coil on the posterior side and in front of it a round orifice; in larger specimens, the apex is lost, only a stumplike base remains. The surface is much worn in all our specimens, but the original sculpture was probably coarsely reticulated with a meshlike net in which the radials and concentrics appear to have been of about equal strength; there are about 40 radial riblets all round, not quite equal in strength on the sides, crossed or intersected by about nine concentric cords. Measurement of the largest specimen, length, 1.96 mm., height, 1.37 mm. This shell seems closely related to P. sportella Watson, but our identi: fication is tentative, pending the discovery of more perfectly preserved spec- imens. Our specimens are all small, probably not mature, and all much worn. The Bocas shell agrees fairly well with Watson’s species by its oval-elliptical base, the two ends with an equal semicircular curve, but its surface sculpture was probably much coarser. Farfante’s figures of sportella in Johnsonia (1947, vol. 2, No. 24) do not agree with our specimens in any way. Bocas Island. Family LIOTITDAE Genus Arene H. and A. Adams, 1854 Type species by subsequent designation, Woodring, 1928, Turbo cruentatus Megerle von Muhlfeld (Delphinula radiata Kiener). Subgenus Marevalvata Olsson and Harbison, 1953 Type species by original designation, Architectonica tricarinata Stearns, Arene (Marevalvata) bitleri, new species Il Dy sate, 9) The shell resembles a small Turbo (greater diameter 4.2 mm.), with solid, rounded whorls and a low spire. Whorls about four, the nuclear section small, smooth, one-whorled or more, but its separation from the nepionic whorl indistinct or gradational. The penultimate whorl is sculp- tured by four primary spiral cords, the lowest or 4th hardly showing in the anterior sutural overlap, all are coarsely beaded and separated by wide in- tervals, finely cross-threaded. Towards the end of the penultimate whorl, a fifth spiral is intercalated between the second (shoulder) and third spiral cords and which quickly increases in size, and on the body whorl it is as large and strongly beaded as the others. The lowest, or most anterior of the primary cords mentioned, forms the outer edge of a slightly flat- 26 BULLETIN 177 tened base marked with three smaller spiral cords. The umbilicus is quite large, deep, margined by a large, beaded cord and with two smaller ones within. Aperture rounded, oblique, continuous, the anterior margin a little flattened; operculum unknown. Holotype, greater diameter, 4.2 mm., height, 3.5 mm. ANSP 211891. In shape and sculpture, this species is similar to Liotia carinata Dall from the Gulf of California. Named for Capt. W. S. Bitler, U. S. N. who has contributed substantially to our knowledge of the Panama fauna by his extensive collecting. Bocas Island. Family RISSOIDAE Genus Rissoa (Frémenyille), Desmarest, 1813 Type species by subsequent designation, P. Fischer, 1885, R. ven- tricosa Desmarest. Rissoa toreensis, new species Pi 4avhicas Shell small (length about, 2.35 mm.), stubby, with narrowly corona- ted whorls, white or glassy. Nucleus with a single, large, smooth whorl forming a low, blunt apex to the spire. Post-nuclear whorls about three are short and broad, with flat to slightly convex sides, narrowly shouldered at the suture. Sculpture consists of small, narrow, axial ribs (15 or 16 on the body whorl) which project a little above the shoulder as short knobs and below they extend across the face of the whorl and over the base to the columella. Axial interspaces are wide and flat, smooth or marked with low, indistinct, widely spaced spiral striation; aperture subovate, oblique, the outer lip thin. Holotype, length, 2.35 mm., diameter, 1.5 mm. ANSP 211885; para- types, ANSP 211886. Other specimens in the authors’ collections. The generic reference of this species is tentative. Bocas Island. Genus Alvania Risso, 1826 Type species by subsequent designation, ? Monterosato, 1884 (Wenz, 1939), A. sardea Leach in Risso. (=montagu Payradeau). Alvania chiriquiensis, new species Pl. 1, fig. 6 Shell small (length, 2.7 mm.), stout, barrel-shaped, the short, stubby spire and body whorl of about equal length, white. Nucleus large, of 1 to 11/4, smooth whorls, the initial turn small. There are four post-nuclear whorls in the type; these are solid in appearance, with flat sides between MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 27 concave or deeply excavated sutures, the penultimate whorl almost as wide as the body whorl, the other two whorls much smaller and together with the nucleus form a short, stout cone. The sculpture is formed by short, straight, smooth-topped axial ribs which begin at the edge of the excavated suture above and extend down across the face of the whorl to the suture below; they are absent from the base. On the body whorl, there are about 15 ribs, the final ones widening to form a thickened lip. Axial in- tervals are wide and flat, marked with several incised spiral lines which form into a pattern of narrow ribbons. A spiral cord emerges from the suture to form a strong, peripheral cord and the upper edge of the base; this cord is bordered just below by a wide groove, pitted in harmony with the ends of the axial ribs above. The base itself is relatively short, sloping, and marked with several spiral lines which continue onto the thickened surface of the columella. Aperture small, ovate, the outer lip thickened, the peristome nearly continuous. Holotype, length, 2.7 mm., diameter, 1.3 mm. ANSP 211875; para- types ANSP 211876. A small, Brttzum-like species referred tentatively to Alvanza. Bocas Island. Genus Nodulus Monterosato, 1878 Type species by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1921, Rissoa con- torta Jeffreys. Nodulus megalomastomus, new species Pl. 1, figs. 4, 4a The shell is small (length, 1.6 mm.), stubby cylindrical, white or subtranslucent. The nucleus is relatively large and composed of 11/, to 2 smooth, convex whorls forming a low, caplike coil. Post-nuclear whorls about four; these are flat-sided except for the first which is convex and short; on the following turns, the height gradually increases until on the last whorl, it is much higher than it is wide. Sutures fine, distinct, and in transparent shells, show as a band, the lower line being the transmitted image of the sutural union underneath the shell overlap. A section of the shell at the aperture may appear as if slightly disconnected or as if it would become so on further growth; the final section of the whorl, there- fore, projects a little beyond the cylindrical outline of the shell. Aperture oblique, subcircular to subovate, the peristome more or less continuous and slightly thickened; no umbilical perforation along the pillar. Surface smooth and glossy, the growth lines not evident. 28 IBGALIL TEU) ILF/ 7 Holotype, length, 1.60 mm., diameter, .63 mm. ANSP 211906; para- type, length, 1.1 mm., diameter, .46 mm. This species resembles the figure of N. felseys Bartsch’ from San Diego, California, but its nucleus is larger and the sides of the whorls are longer and straighter. Rare. Bocas Island. Family VITRINELLIDAE sensu lato Genus Solariorbis Conrad, 1865 Type species by monotypy, S. depressws (Lea) (as Delphinula). Clai- bornian Eocene. Alabama. Solariorbis corylus, new species Pl. 3, figs. 4, 4a, 4b The shell is small (greater diameter, 2.4 mm.), subsolid and stout, white or glassy, rather high but with a strongly flattened, depressed spire bounded by a ridged shoulder, the face of the body whorl below the shoulder being wider and evenly convex. Whorls 31/, to 4, the first one forming a small, smooth nucleus. The sutures are indistinct and bordered on the inner side by an elevated ridge which as it emerges becomes the shoulder of the body whorl. The dorsal surface between the shoulder ridge and the suture is depressed, flat; the outer or peripheral face convex, wider than the surface above the shoulder. Sculpture, except on the base, consists of fine spiral threads between grooves which may be minutely pitted or etched by fine, retractive axial cords. The base is outlined by another elevated ridgelike cord, its surface within forming a wide funnel which dips into a narrow, umbilical perforation; base sculptured with slightly coarser spirals than above, their interspaces not pitted. Holotype, greater diameter, 2.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 2 mm.; alti- tude, 1.45 mm. ANSP 211909; paratype ANSP 211910. Similar to S$. contracta (Vanatta)* from Monkey River, Honduras, but lacks the central or peripheral keel and has a higher shell. Bocas Island; other specimens from Colon. Solariorbis decipiens, new species Pl. 33 fies’ 5) 5asob The shell is small, solid, subdiscoidal with a low spire, rounded, narrowly flattened or subcarinate periphery, and a white, subtranslucent surface. Whorls about three, the first belonging to a small, smooth nucleus, 1Paul Bartsch, U. S. Nat. Museum, Proc., vol. 41, No. 1858, 1911, pp. 290, 291, fig. 3. 2Vanatta E. G., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. LXV, 1913, p. 25, pl. 2, figs. 4, 6. (as Omalaxis funiculus contracta). MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 29 the others enlarge regularly between closely appressed sutures. The sculp- ture is somewhat like that of Amticlimax; on the upper surface, it consists of regularly spaced, slightly inclined, wavelike riblets, their interspaces wide and sometimes containing an intercalary riblet, the whole overrun with fine, close, spiral threads except on the last quarter where the who!e sculpture tends to become obsolete. The basal surface is slightly convex and encloses a small, much constricted umbilicus, its sculpture similar to that above except that the radial riblets become enlarged and humplike towards the outer side, obsolete on the final quarter. Aperture subovate and oblique. Holotype, greater diameter, 1.25 mm.; lesser diameter, .93 mm.; altt- tude, .50 mm. ANSP 211914. One specimen only. In shape and sculpture, the species resembles an immature Avticlimax but the periphery is rounded. There is no umbili- cal plug, and the spiral grooves are not pitted. Bocas Island. Genus Pleuromalaxis Pilsbry and McGinty, 1945 Type species by original designation, Psewdomalaxis balesi Pilsbry and McGinty. There are two species from Bocas Island. I. Upper surface of whorl flattened and lying almost in the same plane. P. bales: Pilsbry and McGinty II. Upper surface with the individual whorls flattened and rising in a low, shouldered spire, the sutures descending; umbilicus narrower. P. pauli, new species Pleuromalaxis balesi Pilsbry and McGinty Pseudomalaxis (Pleuromalaxis) balesi Pilsbry and McGinty, 1945, Nautilus, vol. 59), IN@. i, jos 10, jal; 2a e. A small, subtranslucent or whitish, discoidal shell with an open planorboid coil, the upper and lower surface flattened and show the spiral whorls almost equally, the periphery marked with two, strong, noded keels. The surface is neatly sculptured with narrow, elevated and widely spaced radial riblets which begin as nodes of the peripheral keel and extend across the face of the whorl to the suture, their intervals sculptured with fine spiral threads. Rare, only a few specimens found. Bocas Island. 30 BULLETIN 177 Pleuromalaxis pauli, new species Pie Sy esmonsa The shell is small (greater diameter, 1 mm.), white or translucent, subdiscoidal, with two strongly noded, peripheral keels and a low scalar spire formed as a result of a descending coil, the suture being placed just below the upper keel thus forming a low but sharply noded shoulder on each whorl. The peripheral zone is concave or flattened between the two keels, both surfaces (dorsal and ventral) therefore being shouldered. Whorls of the spire about 31/4, the first turn composing a small, smooth nucleus. The post-nuclear whorls enlarge regularly and are finely sculp- tured. The base is weakly convex and has a wide, deep umbilicus. Sculp- ture is similar on both lower and upper surfaces and is formed by sharp, elevated radial cords which begin as nodes along the peripheral keel and extend across the face of the whorl to the upper suture or dip into the umbilicus on the lower side, their interspaces being quite wide, flat and marked with fine spiral threads. In addition, the base has a medial cord or a minor keel, finely noded by the intersection of the radials; aperture subcircular, oblique. Holotype, greater diameter, 1 mm.; lesser diameter, .8 mm., altitude, .46 mm. ANSP 211902. Named for Mr. Paul L. McGinty, brother of the junior author. Bocas Island. Genus Vitrinella C. B. Adams, 1850 Type species by subsequent designation, K. J. Bush, 1897, V. helr- coidea C. B. Adams. Vitrinella semisculpta, new species Pl. 3, figs. 2, 2a, 2b Shell small, solid or porcellaneous with a slightly elevated, helicoid spire of about four whorls, the upper surface engraved with strong spiral groovings, the lower surface smooth, convex with a deep, wide umbilicus showing the inner volutions. Whorls about four, the first 11/, turns be- longing to a small, smooth nucleus, the others sculptured on their dorsal side by five or more, concave, spiral grooves which begin at the rounded periphery and extend across to the suture; aperture subovate, oblique. Holotype, greater diameter, 2.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 2.2 mm.; alti- tude, 1.4mm. ANSP 211888. Colon, Panama; paratype, greater diameter, 2.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 1.9 mm.; altitude., 1.35 mm. ANSP 211889. Bocas Island. MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 3] Specimens from Bocas Island have smaller and more numerous spiral grooves than shells from Colon, but in the absence of good series from either locality, the value of these differences 1s undeterminable. Subgenus Striovitrinella new subgenus Type species, Vitrinella (Striovitrinella) elegans, new species. Entire surface of shell sculptured with fine, threadlike spirals; oper- culum circular, thin, chitinous, with numerous, slowly enlarging spiral turns; radula taenioglossate. Vitrinella (Striovitrinella) elegans, new species il, A, ies, i a, io, ile, ile Shell of medium size (greater diameter, 3.5 mm.), thin, white or glassy, depressed, with a low helicoid spire of about 31/ whorls. The protoconch of about half a whorl is relatively large and smooth. Mature whorls are sculptured on both the upper and lower surfaces by submicro- scopic, close-set spiral threads (there are 10 or 11 spirals visible on the penultimate whorl and about 31 on the dorsal surface of the last whorl) ; on the penultimate and earlier whorls these spiral threads near the suture may be broken up into beads and then resemble strings of small pearls. Umbilicus deep, scalar, the edge sharply angled, the wall within flat and marked with coarse, irregular lines of growth. Aperture oblique, the outer lip thin, weakly inflected at the umbilical corner. Holotype, greater diameter, 3.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 2.8 mm.; height, 1.9 mm. ANSP 211877; paratypes in the authors’ collections. This is a fairly common species along the shores of Bocas Island, several were obtained alive. Bocas Island. Genus Vitrinorbis Pilsbry and Olsson, 1952 Type species by original designation, V. callistus Pilsbry and Olsson. This genus was proposed for a group of minute, few-whorled dis- coidal species with a low, flat or concave spire, the base with a wide, open umbilicus and a strongly carinated periphery. The surface is delicately sculptured with microscopic spiral threads which give to it a soft, satiny luster. The two previously known species are Pacific, but the following one from the Caribbean appears to belong to this genus. Vitrinorbis elegans, new species Pl. 4, figs. 3, 3a The shell is small (greater diameter, 1.4 to 1.7 mm.), thin, white or subtranslucent, depressed, with a large, peripheral keel. The spire 1s y bo BULLETIN 177 slightly elevated, composed of 21/, to 3 whorls of which the nuclear por- tion of 11/4 whorls is relatively large, smooth, helicoid in shape. The post- nuclear whorls are a little convex or vaulted by a large, angular, submedial ridge; on the inner side of this ridge the surface is flattened to depressed, the outer side a little wider and slopes convexly towards the outer suture or towards the peripheral keel. The basal section of the shell is more de- pressed than the upper and likewise carries a submedial ridge or angle; within this ridge the surface has the shape of a vortex which dips into a deep umbilicus showing the inner volutions of the spire whorls. Surface on both the dorsal and ventral sides has a delicate satiny texture produced by a sculpture of fine, microscopic spiral threads minutely cancellated by still finer lines of growth; in the sutural areas, the growth lines are heavier and may develop into axials nearly as large and strong as the spiral threads; aperture subovate, strongly oblique, attached weakly to the body whorl between the basal ridge and the peripheral keel; no parietal callus. Holotype, greater diameter, 1.4 mm.; (another specimen has a greater diameter of 1.7 mm.) lesser diameter, 1.2 mm., altitude, .35 mm, ANSP 211881; paratype, ANSP 211882. Bocas Isand. Genus Cyclostremisecus Pilsbry and Olsson, 1945 Subgenus Pachystremisecus, new subgenus Type species Cyclostremiscus (Pachystremiscus) pulchellus, new species. Shell minute, solid, coiled in a single plane, the lower and upper sur- face much alike in shape and sculpture; periphery rather wide and bearing three sharp keels; aperture vertical, thickened by a large, wide, continuous peristome. In addition to the type species, C. pachynepion Pilsbry and Olsson from the Pacific Coast belongs here. Cyclostremiseus (Pachystremiscus) pulchellus, new species PI. 4, figs. 2, 2a The shell is minute, solid, coiled like a small ammonite, the large body whorl slightly embracing the earlier turns but with the spire showing fully only on the dorsal side. The lower and upper surfaces are almost equally depressed, the outer circumference rising as a high edge, its pert- pheral side armed with three sharp keels. The sculpture is closely similar on both the upper and lower surfaces and is formed by small, rather coarse, We MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 5 radial threads which cover the surface quite uniformly and extend up along the sides of the peripheral keels but do not serrate their summits which remain sharp and knifelike. Umbilicus deep, its edge ornamented by a circle of small beads, its wall within by strong radials; whorls about two, the inner one belonging to a smooth nucleus. Aperture is nearly vertical, thickened by a large, wide, flattened and more or less hexagonally shaped peristome, its inner side rounded. Holotype, greater diameter, .98 mm.; lesser diameter, .76 mm.; height, .47 mm. ANSP 211897. This species is closely similar to C. pachynepion Pilsbry and Olsson from southwestern coast of Colombia but has finer sculpture and a hexa- gonal shaped peristome. Bocas Island. Cyclostremiscus (Pachystremiscus) ornatus, new species Pl. 4, fig. 1 The shell is extremely small (greater diameter, .75 mm.), strongly depressed, planorbid, three-keeled, the lower and upper surfaces sculptured almost alike except that the upper shows a full coil, the lower only a partial one which spirals into a wide, shallow umbilicus. Outer circum- ference of the body whorl is strongly keeled. Whorls two, the first be- longing to a small nucleus set apart from the succeeding whorl by its smooth surface. Adult sculpture is highly elaborate but on the type speci- men the details are much obscured by encrustation, its main characteristics best shown by the enlarged figures. The body whorl has a strong peri- pheral keel, narrowly flattened and finely cross-threaded on the sides; a similarly ornate cord spirals around the dorsal mid-zone and it is bordered on each side by a wide band, the outer band with a central row of large beadlike nodes and much finer spiral threads, the inner band with two rows of small beads and spiral lines. Basal sculpture is more elaborate, there being three rows of small beads, the outer one adjacent to the peri- pheral keel. Holotype, greater diameter, .76 mm.; lesser diameter, .60 mm.; alti- tude, .28 mm. ANSP 211880; paratypes in authors’ collections. Six specimens were obtained. There are also specimens of this species in the McGinty collection from Florida which would seem to indicate an extensive distribution through the West Indian and Caribbean region. Bocas Island. 34 BULLETIN 177 Genus Maecromphalina Cossmann, 1888 Type species by original designation, S/garetus problematicus Des- hayes. Eocene of Paris Basin. Macromphalina pilsbryi, new species Pips wes6 The shell is small (greater diameter, 2.8 mm.), its body whorl large with a medium-height spire tipped by an erect nucleus, the base with a deep, funnel-shaped umbilicus and the surface sculptured with coarse, cordlike axials. The protoconch is a relatively large, elevated naticid coil of about two whorls, the initial turn small and smooth, the last sculptured with three or more strong spirals. Post-nuclear whorls number about two; these have rounded, convex sides, a little wider below the middle, the sutural zone widely flattened so that the profile appears as if slightly shouldered. The middle of the basal slope shows a slight angulation or ridge but not developing into a true cordlike spiral. The umbilicus has the shape of a deep funnel which reaches into the interior of the spire, its Outer margin more or less angled which slightly overhangs the flat or excavated umbilical wall marked with coarse growth wrinkles. The sur- face is sculptured with rather coarse, inclined and slightly sinuous axtal cords between incised grooves which are microscopically cross-striated ; aperture oblique, semilunate, the outer lip convex, the inner one straight. Holotype, height, 2.7 mm.; diameter, 2.8 mm. ANSP 211898; para- types in the authors’ collections. Bocas Island. Family VERMETIDAE Genus Stephopema Morch, 1860 Type species by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1912, S. roseum (Quoy and Gaimard), Recent, New Zealand. Mature conch with an irregular open coil, standing erect or lying prone and attached by its apical side to the surface of rock or shell. The protoconch is a small, planorbid or serpula-like coil of one or two whorls, lightly attached by one side, its surface covered with coarse, prickly pustules or granules. Morton (1951, Trans. Royal Society of New Zealand, vol. 79, pt. 1, pp. 20-23) has shown that S. nucleogranosum Verco, of Australian waters and the type species of Lilax Finlay, 1927, differs only slightly from S. roseum; hence Lilax must be regarded as a strict synonym of Stephopoma. MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 35 The curious nuclear whorls of Stephopoma are common in beach drift along the Pacific Coast as far south as Peru; their recent discovery along the Caribbean coast of Panama is of considerable interest. Stephcpoma myrakeenae, new species Pl. 2, figs. 8, 8a, 8b, 8c A small vermetid shell, solitary, or as two or more individuals inter- twined in loose clusters. When solitary, the shell usually forms an erect, open spiral coil, the tube of the shell circular to roughly 4-sided in section, smooth within, its external surface smooth or coarsely roughened by lines of growth, generally with rows of scalelike projections along the edge of the attachment zone. The small protoconch ts characteristic and consists of a small, fat, planorbid coil of about one whorl, the initial portion of the coil as seen from the dorsal side being smooth, the rest of the surface covered with coarse granules or pustules; on the ventral side, the initial smooth portion is not visible. Young specimens are attached by one side of the small nucleus and the earlier portions of the succeeding tube, but with growth, the shell tube rises above its attachment surface and perhaps may become free in the adult stage; color usually white, the nucleus white with yellow or brown pustules. Holotype, length of tube, 7.2 mm. ANSP 211867. This vermetid has not been collected alive but judging by the abun- dance of its protoconch in beach drift, it is evidently a common species along the Caribbean coast of Panama. Most specimens of the mature shell are much worn, indicated that the species probably lives in the intertidal zone where wave action is active. A similar species is found along the Pacific Coast of Panama. We are naming this species for Dr. Myra Keen of Stanford Univer- sity who has monographed the Vermetidae for the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Bocas Island; Colon. Family CAECIDAE Genus Caecum Fleming, 1813 Type species by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847, Dentalium trachaea Montagu. Subgenus Bambusum Olsson and Harbison, 1954 Type species by original designation, Caecum coronellum Dall. Plio- cene of Florida. 36 BULLETIN 177 Adult shell relatively large, curved, with little or no taper, the apertural end thickened by a stout collar with a sharp or serrate edge. Sculpture is formed by weak or strong, longitudinal and circular riblets. Posterior plug a flattened or cap-like plate with a short, eccentric mucro—{Olsson and Harbison, Nautilus, vol. 68, pp. Fike TN /i, /A4- Caecum (Bambusum) elenechi, new species Pl. 2, figs. 6, 6a Adult shell in the shape of a relatively large (length, 4 mm.), slightly curved, nontapered tube, slightly bevelled at the posterior end. At the apertural end, the tube has a heavy, flangelike collar. Sculpture consists of about 18, strong, longitudinal riblets, triangular in section and separa- ted by wide, flat grooves. The riblets are etched on the top and sides by cross-threads which are more strongly developed over the anterior end, weaker and subobsolete elsewhere. The collar at the apertural end is quite broad, heaviest and widest behind, with a thin or serrated edge in front. The collar is sculptured with the same number of longitudinal ribs as the general surface, their intervals appearing much wider and crossed by three or more stong threads. Posterior plug in the shape of a small cap with a prominent eccentric mucro. Holotype, length, 4 mm.; diameter of tube, .93 mm.; diameter of collar, 1 mm. ANSP 211911; paratype, length, 4.7 mm., diameter of tube, 1 mm., diameter of collar, 1.16 mm. Bocas Island. Family COLUMBELLIDAE Genus Deeipifus new genus Type species D. s7xaolus, new species Shell small, Phos-like in shape and sculpture. Protoconch is relatively large, subcylindrical, formed of 1 to 11/4, smooth whorls, the final section high and the apical tip inrolled. Sculpture of the mature whorl is formed by low, narrow riblets finely beaded by spirals. Aperture semielliptical with a small, indistinct canal at the suture; lip simple; columella straight, the tip of the pillar slightly twisted; no external fasciole. Buccinum pulchellum C. B. Adams appears to belong to this genus also. The familial relations of these small species must await radular examination. Decipifus sixaclus, new species Pl. 2; figs. 3, 3a Shell quite small, subfusiform, with an elevated stout spire about equal to the aperture and colored white or brown, the spiral cords being MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 37 often in the form of broken brown lines. The nucleus is large, one- whorled, with its tip immersed somewhat, the final portion high, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls about three in number are slightly convex and strongly sculptured with spiral cords crossed by less distinct axial riblets. The riblets number about 18 on the body whorl, somewhat fewer on the whorls of the spire. The first and second whorls have four spirals, six on the last whorl in the space between the sutures, and about 13 over the whole surface including the base. Aperture subovate, the siphonal canal notch quite deep, the anterior canal short, the columella straight and smooth; outer lip simple; no fasciole. Holotype, length, 3.6 mm., diameter, 1.6 mm. ANSP 211893; para- type, ANSP 211894. Bocas Island. Genus Nassarina Dall, 1889 Type species by original designation, Nassarina bushi Dall. Nassarina ? dubia, new species PAL, 2 ste 5} Shell small, (length, 6.2 mm.), subfusiform with a short, anterior canal and a high, stout spire about twice the length of the aperture; apex of the spire blunt, formed by a one-whorled smooth nucleus; post-nuclear whorls about four, the first sloping, convex, the others with a low shoulder. The sculpture is formed by strong, axial riblets, coarsely noded by inter- secting cordlike spirals. The first of the post-nuclear whorls has three small, nearly equal spirals; the second and third has two spirals below the shoulder and a smaller one on the sloping shoulder area above; on the body whorl, there are two spirals on the shoulder area, two between the shoulder and the lower suture (the shoulder spiral largest) and four or five on the surface below. Pillar with a thin coat of callus, the spiral sculpture showing faintly through to simulate false lirations. Siphonal canal notch quite wide but not developing into an external fasciole. Holotype, length, 6.2 mm., diameter, 2.3 mm. ANSP 211887. This curious species is referred with some uncertainty to Nassarina; it may possibly belong to the Turridae but the growth lines are not inflected. Bocas Island. Family OLIVIDAE Genus Olivella Swainson, 1831 Type species by subsequent designation, Dall, 1909, Oliva purpurata Swainson (= O. dama Mawe). BULLETIN 177 We 10.6) Subgenus Niteoliva Olsson, 1956 Type species by original designation, Olivella minute (Link) (witi- dula Gmelin). Olivella (Niteoliva) minuta marmosa, new subspecies IL il, ies, DB, Ba The shell is uniformly small (length, 5.5 mm.), stout, subelliptical, the spire and aperture of nearly equal length and shape. The nucleus is relatively large and forms a prominent knoblike tip to the spire; post- nuclear whorls about four, placed between deeply grooved sutures, plain white except the body whorl which is colored. The body whorl is large, broadly elliptical in shape and marked as follows; there is a strong, brown band at the suture and another covers part of the upper surface of the fasciole, the surface between marked with a series of widely spaced, zigzag, brown lines, the main arrow in the mid-zone and pointed in the direction of rotation of the whorl. Aperture showing the characters of the sub- genus, the parietal callus being strongly developed and extending to the upper suture of the last whorl, the pillar structure a narrow, plaited ribbon, and the inner side of the outer lip is minutely lirate. Holotype, length, 5.4 mm.; diameter, 2.5 mm. ANSP 211904; para- types in the authors’ collections. A common shell on Bocas Island and differing constantly from the typical form by its much smaller size and lighter color. Bocas Island. Family ACTEOCINIDAE Genus Acteceina Gray, 1847 Type species by original designation, Acteon wetherelli Lea (=Tor- natina canaliculata Say). Acteocina ineconspicua, new species PASstiemn© The shell is small (altitude, about 2 mm.), narrowly cylindrical, smooth, white or transparent, the nucleus small, projecting prominently above the apex. Spire is completely involute in most specimens and con- cealed in a deep suture and overlapped by the edge of the body whorl. The body whorl is narrowly cylindrical, bevelled at the upper end and its surface forms the greater part of the whole shell. Aperture linear, the inner and outer lips parallel, a little wider in front. Parietal callus is thin, the pillar fold small and indicated mainly by a narrow ridge along the side of the columella. MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 49 Holotype, length, 2.1 mm.; diameter, 1.0 mm. ANSP 211895. A small, inconspicuous species recognized easily by its shape, the absence of a visible spire, and its nearly smooth pillar. Bocas Island. Family MARGINELLIDAE Genus Gibberula Swainson, 1840 Type species by monotypy, G. zonata Swainson (—oryza Lamarck as Volvaria). Gibberula becasensis, new species Pl. 4, fig. 10 The shell is small (length, about 4 mm.), subcylindrical, widest and rounded above forming a shoulder on the lip side at the posterior one- fifth, white, glassy or subtranslucent. Spire low, rounded and obtuse, of a few, hardly distinguishable whorls, only a false suture showing on the final whorl. The body whorl is large and forms most of the surface of the shell. Penultimate whorl appears quite large and wide and forms most of the spire, solid as viewed from the back. Aperture long and narrow, and in a mature specimen curves upward onto the spire and reaches al- most to its tip, this upward advance of the lip at the adult stage being best shown on the back by the sharp upward swing of the suture line. The outer lip is somewhat thickened, its edge flattened and slightly impressed, smooth within; columellar wall straight with seven or eight small plaits diminishing in size upward. Holotype, length, 3.8 mm.; diameter, 1.9 mm. ANSP 211883; para- types in the authors’ collections. Distinguished from G. minuta Pfr. by its larger size, longer, more cylindrical shape, and more numerous columellar plaits, Although the suture seems to show plainly as a dark line, it is merely the transmitted image of the true suture line beneath a thin, translucent marginal overlap of the body whorl onto the spire; no sutural impression shows if the sur- face is covered with a thin film of magnesium oxide. Bocas Island; Colon. Genus Persieula Schumacher, 1817 Type species by monotypy, P. variabilis Schumacher (—persicula Linné). Subgenus Rabieea Gray, 1857 Type species by monotypy, Persicula interrupta (Lamarck). 40 BULLETIN 177 Persicula (Rabicea) adamsiana weberi, new subspecies Il als megs, il, tla cf. Persicula (Rabicea) adamsiana Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. 84, p. 62, pl. 4, fig. 9. (Montijo Bay, Panama.) Shell relatively small (length, 6.5 mm. or less), ovate-cylindrical and rather solid, the two ends bluntly rounded, the spire concealed, the body whorl forming the whole external surface. Aperture as long as the Shell, narrow and slightly curved, a little wider in front. The columella has four plaits of which the 2d from the anterior end is considerably the larger. Surface smooth and ornamented with broken chestnut-colored lines, of which, number 4, 5, 10, 11 and 12 counted from the anterior end are heavier than the others. The fasciole is marked with a row of large spots and a set of petal-like spots cover the apex. Holotype, length, 6.4 mm.; diameter, 3.6 mm. ANSP 211883. This shell should perhaps be considered as a distinct species. It is similar to P. adamsiana Pilsbry and Lowe from the Pacific Coast of Panama but 1s much smaller, the lip is less thickened and often simple. Holotype, Pifia. Bocas Island, common; Colon. Family MURICIDAE Genus Risomurex, new genus Type species Engina schrammi Crosse (1863). Shell small, ovate to subfusiform with a stout, elevated spire and a short or medium-length anterior canal. Nucleus small formed by a single smooth whorl strongly angulated or keeled around the top, the upper sur- face flattened or deeply impressed so that the apex appears partly immersed. The sculpture of the mature portion of the conch is formed by low, rounded axial ribs and spirals, the primary spiral cords broken into nodes at the intersections, the whole sometimes coarsely scabrously wrinkled by lines of growth. Aperture ovate, the outer lip much thickened and strongly armed on the inner side with five or six teeth of which the 2d and 3d teeth counting from above often unite into a single, large tooth. Inner lip with a coating of enamel, the pillar ending into a heavily calloused fold. Anterior canal terminates in a short, narrow, siphonal canal. The radula of the type species is muricid, the ribbon being long, composed of more than 165 rows of teeth (count made from a broken ribbon). Total length of ribbon, about 2.75 mm., width, 0.078 mm., width of an individual rachidian tooth, .025 mm. The rachidian tooth is rectangular in shape, the central cusp short arising from the back margin MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY | and is bordered on each side by a large, stubby cusp. Lateral teeth are much smaller, and resemble small, slightly curved spines. The radula of Ocenebra alveata Kiener (as figured by Troschel’®, pl. 11, fig. 10) is similar. Caribbean species of this group have been referred to Ocenebra, Engina, Ricinula, and most recently to Ocinebrina. The type species of Ocinebrina Jousseaume, 1880 (O. aciculaba (Lamarck), a Mediterranean form) has smooth, unkeeled, nuclear whorls. Radula of O. corallina Scacchi as figured by Troschel (plate 11, fig. 13) is quite different, the rachidian tooth being small and narrower with more numerous sharp cusps. Besides the type species the following species are assigned to this genus. O. muricoides (C. B. Adams), O. rosea (Reeve) (as Ricinula), and O. alveata (Kiener). Risomurex schrammi (Crosse ) RIG2 tissu .e2a Engina schrammi Crosse, 1863, Jour. de Conchy., 3d serie, vol. II, pp. 82, 83, pl. 1, fig. 7 Guadeloupe. Sistrum ferrugineum rubidum Dall, 1889, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoology, vol. 18, on ge Specimens from Bocas Island and Colon have an average length of about 12 mm. The shell is broadly fusiform and of a rose or coral-red color, the primary spiral cords (eight on the body whorl) forming en- larged cordlike nodes of a lighter red, their interspaces much darker. Bocas Island and Colon. Risomurex muricoides (C. B. Adams) PZ tigss 1h 1a Fusus muricoides C. B. Adams, 1845, Boston Soc. Nat. History, Proc., vol. 2, p. 3; Clench and Turner, 1950, Occ. Papers Mollusks, vol. 1, No. 15, p. 313, pl. 39, fig. 9 Jamaica. Tritonalia (Ocinebrina) caribbaea Bartsch and Rehder, 1939, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 98, No. 10, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 1 Old Providence Island. Ocenebra (Ocinebrina) muricoides (C. B. Adams), Tucker Abbott, 1954, Nau- tilus, vol. 68, No. 2, p. 44, pl. 2, fig. 2. (figure of T. caribbaea). At Bocas, this species is more plentiful than R. schrammi from which ‘it differs by its average smaller size, narrower, elongated ovate form, and coloration; nuclear whorls as figured; sculpture of the first post-nuclear whorl formed by strong axial ribs, the upper ends of which project prom- inently above the suture and against the smooth background of the nuclear whorl. On the body whorl, there are nine primary spiral cords of which cord no. 4 and no. 6 (emerging from the aperture) are largest and deep bre hae F. H., 1869, Das Gebiss der Schnecken, Zweiter Band, p. 119, pl. 11, £. LO: 42 BULLETIN 177 white in color, the other smaller spirals being yellow. Interspaces between the primary spiral is a gray or purplish-brown. Bocas Island; Almirante; Colon. Family STILIFERIDAE Genus Rosenia Schepman, 1913 Type species by monotypy; Phaszanella (Rosenia) stylifera (Turton). Rosenia minibulla, new species Ply ie The shell is minute, globose, thin, white or subtransparent, with a low spire tipped by a large, erect, stumplike nucleus, white in color and por- cellaneous in texture. Sutures are fine but distinct. Post-nuclear whorls about two, the first quite small, convex, with a small shoulder near the suture which shows best on the apertural side, the body whorl large, con- vex and inflated; surface smooth and polished, its only markings being in- distinct, strongly retractive lines of growth; aperture widely ovate, oblique, the outer lip thin, flaring in the middle, the pillar side deeply concave, the wall itself with a thin coat of callus. There is no umbilical perforation. Holotype, length, 1.80 mm.; diameter, 1.40 mm. ANSP 211892. Like other species of the genus, this form was probably parasitic on sea urchins. Bocas Island. Family PYRAMIDELLIDAE Genus Odostomia Fleming, 1817 Type species by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847, Turbo plicatus Montagu. Subgenus Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856 Type species by original designation, C. communis (C. B. Adams) ; originally described under the genus Chemnitzia. Panamic-Pacific. Odostomia (Chrysallida) gemmulosa C. B. Adams IME il, sae, 1 Odostomia gemmulosa C. B. Adams, 1850, Cont. to Conchology, No. 7, p. 109; Clench and Turner, 1950, Occ. Papers Mollusks, vol. 1, No. 15, p. 286, pl. 40, fig. 1. This common Bocas shell agrees with the figure of O. gemmulosa as given by Clench and Turner (1950). There are three, coarsely noded spirals on the whorls of the spiral and upper half of the body whorl. Basal spirals, about seven, are smaller and plain; color white to glassy. MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 43 Odostomia (Chrysallida) jadisi, new species PAL, tl, sovers, ili, i Shell ovate-oblong, with a medium length stout spire and a sloping base, solid, white or glassy. Nuclear whorls, one or two, depressed, and form a blunt apex. Post-nuclear whorls five or six, their height nearly half of their width, forming together a nearly straightsided spire, each whorl flattened, slightly contracted at the suture. Sculpture is coarsely reticulated, formed by strong, narrow, vertical ribs (about 18), strongly developed between the sutures but fade out on the base, and a set of strong spiral cords; on the spiral whorls, the spirals number three or four show best as cross-ribs in the interspaces, the pits between them being quite large and rectangular. On the body whorl there are 9 or 10 spiral cords, those on the base small and indefinite, but are strong above across the main face of the whorl where they, and the ribs, enclose wide rectangular pits between them; inner lip narrow, thin, appressed closely to the body whorl, the outer lip thin and little flaring below. Holotype, length, 3.5 mm., diameter, 1.4 mm. ANSP 211916. Similar to O. communis (C. B. Adams) from Panamic-Pacific but stouter and the sutural zone less excavated. The species is named for Mr. Stewart Jadis of the Canal Zone Police force, ardent collector of Panama shells and a valued friend of the authors. Bocas Island; Colon. Subgenus Ivara Dall and Bartsch, 1903 Type species by monotypy, O. ferricula Dall and Bartsch (probably misprint for turricula). Odostomia (Ivara) terryi, new species Pl. 4, fig. 4 Shell small, ovate-cylindrical, white to glassy and subtranslucent. Nuclear whorls smooth and convex, lying deeply immersed in the tip of the spire and project but little above the edge of the following whorl. Post- nuclear whorls about three; the first one convex, the others broad and high with flat to slightly convex sides and a narrow shoulder at the suture. The last whorl is much the largest, barrel-shaped, its base not set apart by any change in slope. Sculpture consists of relatively weak axial riblets and even spiral threads which cover the whole surface and produce a smooth, netlike pattern. There are about 12 axials showing on the apertural side of the body whorl. Aperture is rather large, semilunate, the outer lip thin. Holotype, length, 2.8 mm.; diameter, 1.1 mm. ANSP 211890. 44 BULLETIN 177 This species resembles O. ferricula Dall and Bartsch from California but is shorter and has stronger axial sculpture. The shell is named for Mr. Robert A. Terry of Palo Alto, California, an associate and companion of the senior author on many a field expedition in Panama and Costa Rica. Bocas Island. Genus Miralda A. Adams, 1863 Type species by subsequent designation, Dall and Bartsch, 1909, Par- thenta diadema A. Adams. Miralda havanensis (Pilsbry and Aguayo) Piiesticas Odostomia (Miralda) havanensis Pilsbry and Aguayo, 1933, Nautilus, vol. 46, No. 4, p. 118, pl. 6, fig. 4. Shell small, with a stout, evenly tapered conic spire, the surface sculp- tured with two strong, tuberculated spiral cords, the color white or glassy. The nucleus ts relatively large and forms a low, blunt apex. Post-nuclear whorls four, the first small, the others progressively larger, each whorl sculptured with two, heavy, subequal, primary spiral cords, the upper one placed near the suture forming a narrow shoulder, the other lies just below the middle, the space between them forming a deep, smooth groove. The suture lies in a similar deep groove so that the sutural zone appears as if deeply excavated. The body whorl has a small, narrow, plain spiral which emerges from the suture and forms the edge of the base; two other small spirals encircle the short, sloping surface of the base. Aside from the tubercles distributed along the two primary spiral cords, there is no other development of axial sculpture, aperture ovate, oblique, the lip sharp. A Bocas specimen measures: length, 2.00 mm.; diameter, .90 mm. This species resembles O. abbott: but has a steeper, more conic spire, simpler sculpture, and no true axtals, Bocas Island. Miralda abbotti, new species WAL al, seer, 7/ Shell small, elongate-conic, white or glassy; nuclear whorls small, oblique and partly immersed in the tip of the spire; post-nuclear whorls about four, the first one being convex and sculptured with two or three low spirals, the other whorls are more heavily sculptured and have a thickened tuberculated shoulder. Second and third whorl have two strong, spiral cords of which the upper one is much enlarged, thickened and noded and forms a prominent shoulder; the other spiral below it is narrow and sharp. On the final whorl, another spiral cord emerges from the suture and MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN Coast PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 45 may be considered as marking the edge of the base. Space between the two primary spiral cords is wide and deep, crossed by narrow, oblique axials of which 10 show on the apertural side of the body whorl; these axials nodulate the shoulder cord but not the lower one or only slightly ; no axtals on base; aperture subovate, oblique. Holotype, length, 2.0 mm.; diameter, 1.0 mm. ANSP 211912. Similar in general characters to M. armata (Carpenter) from the Panamic-Pacific region but differing in details of sculpture. Bocas Island; Colon. Class PELECYPODA Family CARDITIDAE Genus Pleuromeris Conrad, 1867 Type species by monotypy, P. decemcostata Conrad (—/ridentata de- cemcostata Conrad). Pleuromeris micella, new species IDL Sh kes. 5 TE Shell small, convex, obliquely subcircular, both ends rounded but with the anterior side a trifle longer, depressed, and slightly flaring, white; umbones submedial, wide, the beaks small, prosogyrate, appressed to the hinge line and placed a little in front of the middle. The sculpture 1s formed by about 15, rather strong, coarse or weakly noded radial ribs; frequently one or more of the ribs along the anterior-umbonal slope show two branches which unite shortly to form a single rib below the umbo. Radial interspaces, narrow, groovelike. Inner margin of the valve is fluted by the ends of the ribs, the external sculpture showing through the texture of the shell, their interspaces as darker lines, cross-threaded. Holotype, height, 1.6 mm.; length, 1.5 mm. ANSP 211907; para- type, height, 1.5 mm.; length, 1.6 mm. ANSP 211908. A small, rotund and convex species in which on some specimens, the sculpture of the umbo is formed by small, straight riblets, some of which in pairs seem to unite into larger, main riblets of the adult sculpture. Bocas Island, common. Family PHILOBRYIDAE Genus Philobrya Carpenter, 1872 (Bryophila Carpenter, 1864, not of Trietscke, 1825 [Lepidoptera }). Type species by monotypy, Bryophila setosa Carpenter. Recent, Alaska to the Gulf of California. 46 BULLETIN 177 Philobrya inconspicua, new species Ile Shy vers, tl, TAL, ily, ile The shell is small, obliquely aviculiform, white, its surface almost smooth except for 10 or 11, faint, widely spaced, slightly beaded radial threads, strongest on the anterior slope, almost indistinguishable in the middle, the wide spaces between them flat and smooth, or bearing low, drapelike folds. The valve is strongly inflated through the umbonal sec- tion, impressed on the anterior side, the beaks capped by a conspicuous, subovate and obliquely placed prodissoconch bordered by a raised fringe. Hinge edentulous, the cardinal area narrow and relatively long (about half the length of the hinge line) and bearing a subcentral trigonal resilifer under the beak. Impression of the adductors and pallial line indistinct. Holotype, height, 2.7 mm.; length, 1.7 mm. approx. (a right valve) ANSP 211865. Bocas del Toro. The few specimens of this minute species known to us are drift valves which have lost their outer surface and hence are thin and glassy but easily recognized by the small embryonic shell capping the beaks, closely similar to that of Condylocardia. On casual inspection, the surface of the disk appears smooth but a closer study under varying incidents of light reveals finely beaded radials resembling strings of small pearls, the wide space between each pair being weakly ruffled or shirred by cross undulations. This appears to be the first species of the genus to be noticed from the tropical western Atlantic. P. atlantica Dall* from the coast of Argentine is a larger species with stronger sculpture. Dall at first seemed to have considered the large, fringed prodissoconch of P. aflantica as indicating the existence of a glochidium stage, the first to be noted in a marine pelecypod. This view was contested by Bernard® and shortly afterwards rejected by Dall’. Family MYTILIDAER Genus Crenella Brown, 1827 Type species by monotypy, Mytilus decussatus Montagu. Recent, North Atlantic. Crenella gemma, new species Pi aticsmomca The shell is small, thin, white to subtranslucent, subovate, higher than 4Dall, W. H., 1896, U. S. Nat. Museum, Proc., vol. 18, No. 1034, pp. 16, 17. *Bernard, F., 1897, Jour. de Conchy., vol. 45, p. 10. 6Dall, W. H., 1902, op. cit., vol. 24, No. 1264, p. 507, pl. 32, figs. 4, 5. MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN CoAst PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 47 wide, convex, the beaks turned sharply towards the anterior side. The posterior margin is a trifle more expanded and rounded than the anterior but the general outline of the shell remains smoothly ovate, strongly con- vex through the middle. Surface sculptured with fine, radial threads ap- pearing minutely nodulose on the sides, partly smooth along the middle. The hinge is weak, the denticulations strongest anteriorly under the beak and at the posterior end, lacking in the middle. Inner margin of valve plain. Holotype, length, 1.85 mm.; height, 2.1 mm. ANSP 211873; para- type, length, 1.9 mm.; height, 2.5 mm. ANSP 211874. Larger and more delicate than C. divaricata (d’Orbigny) and with much finer and softer sculpture. Bocas Island. Family LIMIDAEK Genus Limatula Wood, 1839 Type species by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847, Lima subauri- culata Montagu. Limatula hendersoni, new species Pl. 4, figs. 6, 6a Shell small, narrow, its height nearly twice its length, with submedial umbo and beak nearly equilateral, the axis of the shell being slightly obli- que, equivalve, closed, white or subtranslucent, convex and thin. Sculpture is formed by low, rounded, radial riblets of which the middle ones (11 or 12) are quite strong, slightly roughened by the lines of growth, the ribs on the sides fading out rapidly so that the surface appears smooth; these ribs are separated merely by lined interspaces. Hinge line not so long as the length (or width) of the shell, its cardinal area narrowly lenticular, sloping, and with a rather large, triangular pit for the resilifer. Interior smooth except for the slight fluting near the edge produced by the ex- ternal sculpture. Holotype, length or width; 1.6 mm., height, 2.9 mm. ANSP 211869; paratype, ANSP 211870. L. subauriculata (Montagu) is similar in shape but much larger. There is a good series of this species in the collection of the U. S. National Museum from Barbados and Antiqua; other specimens in the McGinty collection from Florida and the Bahamas. Bocas Island, fairly common. 48 BULLETIN 177 Family TELLINIDAE Genus Strigilla Turton, 1822 Type species by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847, Tellina carnaria Linné. Species of Svrigilla are distinguished from other tellinids by their rounded, subcircular shape, convex or depressed, and especially by the characteristic sculpture of incised lines or sulci which cross the surface of the disk diagonally and are generally bowed or strongly flexed along two principal lines of divarication. The first and principal line of divarication lies along the posterior-umbonal slope and defines the inner edge of the posterior-dorsal area; along it the sulci are sharply flexed and form a series of acute angles pointing downward or ventrally; there is a second weaker zone of flexure along the anterior-umbonal slope along which the sulci are bowed upward or dorsally; color is pure white or in shades of pink or coral red. Seven species of Str7gilla are known from the western Atlantic of which five occur along the Caribbean coast of Panama. These can be dis- tinguished as follows.— I. The posterior-dorsal area is wide with the sulci running diagonally across it, evenly spaced and straight, or fine, crowded and somewhat waved but without showing any sharp zigzag bends or strong flexing. 1. Shell small (length, 7 mm. or less), rounded and convex, pea-shaped ; mostly white with rose-colored umbones ................. S. producta Tryon i) . Shell larger, length more than 10 mm., depressed to slightly convex. a. Length between 15 and 25 mm., subcircular to subelliptical, of medium convexity ; posterior-dorsal slope flattened or evenly convex. aa. Shell generally less than 20 mm.; anterior flexure often partly replaced along the umbonal slope by a smooth tract; upper limb of the pallial sinus extends completely across the interior to connect directly to the ANTEMORMARUCLOLISCALS ......4..:. teeny eestor S. carnarta (Linné) ab. Often larger, slightly more depressed; pallial sinus entire, the upper limb joined to the pallial line below, some distance behind the anterior adductor scar ...... Neth ae OR S. rombergi Morch b. Larger (length, 30 mm. or more), more strongly depressed. Posterior- dorsal area strongly angulated in the dorsal section. Light pink with deep rose-tedimmbOnes, 21,5 ace tenes S. gabbi, new species MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 49 II. Posterior-dorsal area marked with one or more secondary lines of sharp divarication, the resulting pattern, therefore, distinctly zigzagged. 3. Posterior-dorsal area with a single, median line of zigzag flexure. c. Shell small (length, 7 mm. or less) rounded, plump. White with rose-colored umbones a S. pisiformis (Linné) d. Shell larger (above 10 mm.), relatively solid. Color white except the umbones and interior which are often colored rose-red S. pilsbryi, new species 4. Posterior-dorsal area with two or more lines of zigzag flexure; color usually: pune white 2.5...5...5. eet ....S. mirabilis (Philippt) (flexuosa Say, preoccuppied) \\ \ WW \i \\\ \\ \ : | q Text figures 1 to 5. To illustrate types of sculpture on the posterior-dorsal area of some species of Strigilla. 1 to 3. Type A. Carnaria group: 1. S. gabbi, new species. Bocas Island; 2. S. carmaria (Linné). Bocas Island; 3. S$. producta Tryon. Colon. 4. Type B. Prsiformis group: 4. S. pisiformis (Linné). Morant Bay, Jamaica. 5. Type C. Mirabilis group: 5. S. mirabilis (Philippi). Bahamas. 50 BULLETIN 177 Strigilla pilsbryi, new species Pl. 5, figs. 2, 2a The shell is of medium size (length, 13 to 14.5 mm.), obliquely sub- trigonal, plump and solid. The prominent umbo is placed a little in front of the middle, its small beak flattened and appressed against the hinge margin. There is a rather large, deeply sunken lunule in the left valve, a much smaller one in the right. Hinge strong, especially so in the right valve which has a bifid posterior cardinal tooth, a deep medial socket and a simple, trigonal anterior cardinal tooth; the lateral teeth of the right valve are strong, the posterior one placed more distantly, each bordered above by a deep socket. Surface is finely sculptured by close-set, regularly spaced, concentric incised lines; at three points, these lines show bends or divarica- tions; a secondary bend in the middle of the posterior-dorsal area with the angles pointing towards the beak; the primary line of divarication along the border of the posterior-dorsal area with angles pointing downward ; and the third along the anterior-umbonal slope along which the incised lines are merely bowed inward or dorsally. The anterior slope may be weakly folded. Colcr mostly white except for the top of the umbones and beaks which may be rose-red, the interior of the shell usually more strongly colored. Adductor impressions deep, the pallial sinus large and ample, highest at the posterior one-third, its upper limb thence descending and connecting to the anterior adductor scar near its lower edge; inner matr- gin of valve smooth. Holotype, length, 13.3 mm.; height, 13.5 mm.; semidiameter, 4.2 mm. (a left valve). ANSP 211915, Bocas del Toro, paratypes, Bocas del Toro. Other specimens seen: Monkey Point, Nicaragua, USNM 125430; Belize and Punta Gorda, British Honduras, USNM 150339; Livingston, Guatemala, ANSP 45887. Strigilla gabbi, new species Pl. 5, figs. 3, 3a The shell is large, obliquely subovate to subcircular, inequilateral and depressed. The flattened umbo is placed near the anterior one-third, the anterior side hence being short, well rounded and often a little folded, its margin then showing a shallow indentation; posterior-dorsal margin descending, nearly straight and bordered in each valve by an angle limiting a narrow, flattened posterior-dorsal area somewhat larger in the right valve. There is a small, narrow escutcheon in the left valve, lacking in the right. Lunule small, narrow and deeply sunken, larger in the left valve. Sculp- ture as normal for the genus consists of incised lines or sulci across the MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 51 mid-zone of the disk which are fairly coarse, steeply inclined to the margin at angles of 60 to 90 degrees; they are much finer and crowded on the posterior-dorsal slope. The principal line of divarication is placed at the posterior one-third where it forms a line of sharp, acute angles pointing ventrally; the second line of flexure extends along the anterior one-third and shows the incised lines as bowed convexly upward, often partly re- placed there by a smooth tract; a much smaller line of flexure 1s sometimes developed close to the anterior end, the sulci there conforming to the shal- low, marginal indentation. Pallial sinus deep, its upper limb reaching to the lower edge of the anterior adductor scar or just below it. Color more or less banded in tones of white and dull pink, the bands outlined by deeper concentric growth lines, the tip of the umbo and beak colored a deep red. Internal color is pink with two narrow white rays under the principal line of flexure; hinge teeth and margin of valve white. Holotype, length, 33.3 mm.; height, 30.05 mm.; diameter, 12.8 mm., Colon, Panama. H. Johnson; ANSP 218881. Paratype, length, 35 mm.; height, 30.5 mm.; diameter, 12.6 mm., ANSP 53379, Costa Rica, Wm. M. Gabb. Similar to S. disjuncta Carpenter (sometimes as sncera Hanley) of the Panamic-Pacific zone and almost as large but more circular in form, the posterior-dorsal area is more angular and the color is pink, whereas S. disjuncta is nearly always white. Along the Caribbean coast of northern Colombia at Puerto Colombia to Colon, Bocas del Toro, Panama, and Costa Rica. Family LUCINIDAE Genus Divaricella yon Martens, 1880 Type species by monotypy, Lacina angulifera von Martens (—Luacina ornata Reeve). Divaricella weberi, new species Pl. 4, figs. 7, 7a Shell relatively small (length, 7.7 mm. or less), subcircular, convex and solid. Umbone from the outside appears wide and medially placed but when seen from the inside is seen to be slightly anterior, its small beak facing forward above a small, deeply sunken lunule. The nepionic shell with close-set, non-divaricating concentric threads is small and incon- spicuous. Sculpture as normal for the genus is formed by evenly spaced, incised lines, the single zone of divarication forming rather wide, obtuse BULLETIN 177 nn i) angles pointing dorsally. Fine radial lines show unequally in different specimens; these give rise to a crenulate margin in unworn specimens, also showing around the edge of the different resting intervals. Some shells show an evenly convex surface indicating continuous growth but usually the surface is divided into several steplike bands by deep concentric grooves, crenulated on their sides. Hinge with strongly developed cardinal and lateral teeth; color white or glassy. Holotype, length, 7.7 mm.; height, 8 mm.; semidiameter, 3.4 mm. (a right valve). ANSP 211871. This small, distinctive Divaricella is plentiful in beach drift from Coco Plum, associated with the larger, less common D. quadrisulcata, differing by its much smaller size, rounder, more convex, solid shell, strong hinge and crenulated ventral margin. D. pilula (C. B. Adams) may be similar but its descriptions calls for a larger shell and Clench’s’ figure seems to show a weaker hinge like that of D. guadrisulcata with which it was united by Dall. D. weber7 is most similar to small forms of D. pawpercula Dall from the Panama-Pacific faunal area but that species has generally a much thinner shell as well as reaching a larger size when fully grown. Holotype, ANSP 211871, Coco Plum, Panama. Named for Mr. Jay A. Weber of Miami, Florida, companion of the authors on the visit to Bocas del Toro in 1953. Fanily CONDYLOCARDITDAE Genus Condyloeardia (Munier-Chalmas), Bernard, 1896 Type species by original designation, C. pawliana (Munier-Chalmas), Bernard. Condylocardia bernardi (Dall) Pl. 5, fig. 6 Carditopsis bernardi Dall, 1903, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1438, pl. 53, fig. 10. This small species was first described as a Pliocene fossil from Port Limon, Costa Rica, but is also common in beach drift at Colon and Bocas Island. Similar to C. smithii (Dall) (C. floridensis Pilsbry and Olsson), the other Recent species but has a wider, more oblique shape, and more numerous ribs. Bocas Island and Colon. 7Clench, W., 1950, Occ. Pap. Moll., vol. 1, No. 15, p. 324, pl. 46, figs. 11-12. PEATES Figure W 4, 4a. 10. 1, ita. BULLETIN 177 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1 Page Persicula (Rabicea) adamsiana weberi, new subspecies..--...--- 40 Holotype, length, 6.4 mm. Pina. ANSP 211883. Olivella (Niteoliva) minuta marmosa, new subspecies... 38 Holotype, natural and whitened, length 5.4 mm. Bocas Island, ANSP 211904. Jaspidellablanesi (Word) scecscnceee eee ee i Length of specimen, 6.7 mm. Bocas Island. Nodulus megalomastomus, New SpeCies...-.:ecccccccccecessseeesettseeeeees 27 Fig. 4. Holotype, length, 1.6 mm. 4a. Paratype, length, 1.1 mm. Bocas Island, ANSP 211906. Rosenia minibullas mew (Specleseerscsscsreetsere tee eee 42 Holotype, length, 1.8 mm. Bocas Island. ANSP 211892. Alvania) ChimigQuiemsis,, mew: SpeCles-.sciec--esceceesceseeessce tere eeeeesteeeene 26 Holotype, length 2.7 mm. Bocas Island. ANSP 211875. Miralday abbotitis mew: Species secccccceeecee cone ese eta eee eee 44 Holotype, length, 2 mm. Bocas Island. ANSP 211912. Miralda havanensis (Pilsbry and Aguayo) .......-..--.::::cccccsssesscsees 44 Length of specimen, 2 mm. Bocas Island. Rissoina (Schwartziella) bryerea (Monta gir) .......ccceeeeeeeeeees 11 Length of specimen, 4.2 mm. Bocas Island. Rissoina (Schwartziella) fischeri Desjardin ....................00. 12 Length of specimen, 2 mm. Bocas Island. Odostomia (Chrysallida) jadisi, new Species... 43 11. Paratype, length, 3.4 mm. 11a. Holotype, length, 3.5 mm. Bocas Island. ANSP 211916. Odostomia (Chrysallida) gemmulosa (C. B. Adams)... 42 Length of specimen, 3.5 mm. Bocas Island. 1 . u PLATE 39 ‘ e BuLL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 PLATE 2 MOLLUSKS CARIBBEAN COAST PANAMA: OLSSON & MCGINTY 55 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2 ft das Risomurex muricoides (C. B. Adams) ......2-::...11.:00.--0-.sese1-0000000-00 41 1. Magnified view of protoconch and early portion of the conch; la. Full-grown shell, the apex worn. Length, 10.5 mm. Bocas Island. DED We ISOMULEX: SCHMAMIM (GLOSSE)) cesccccceseccecsecceececceeceesseceersesscecesecsssece 44 2. Magnified view of protoconch and early portion of conch; 2a. Full-grown shell. Length, 12.1 mm. Bocas Island. Seo CCIPITUS SUXAOIUS, MEW SPECIES: -<<---c.---s--c200s0--0--cesn0ecssssecvassoeeedncenzse 36 3. Holotype, length, 3.6 mm. ANSP 211893; 3a. Paratype, length, 1.4 mm. Bocas Island. ANSP 211894. ABA DIOCORA LALLOI, MEW SPECIES) .nc2c-cceecetectcsnsncdeoeeseekeuecsupscnssssnnnevseesbenre 23 4, 4a. Holotype. 4. Whitened, length, 8.6 mm. Colon. 4b. Mag- nified surface. ANSP 211878. ESN AS S MEIN CLUDE cRell © ST) C CLES sscccesacseesn-cezsuscessconses-cesssssescreone nore 37 Length, 6.2 mm. Bocas Island. ANSP 211887. 6,6a. Caecum (Bambusum) elenchi, new species.......-...cccccceeeees 36 Length of specimen, 4 mm. 6a. Magnified anterior end. Bocas Island. ANSP 211911. (fee UN CuULel ay ich SPOKbell al WWialuSOMl teseeestecsecsesessc-ses-ceece-cecssesesseseoese= 24 Side view, length, 1.96 mm. Bocas Island. 8, Sa-c. Stephopoma myrakeenae, new species........ccccccccceeeeeeeeeeseeees 35 8. Holotype, length, 7.2 mm. 8a-c. Magnified view of protoconch. Bocas Island. ANSP 211867. 9. Arene (Marevalvata) bitleri, new Species....----......::::ccccceeeeeeeseees 25 Holotype, greater diameter, 4.2 mm. Bocas Island. ANSP 211891 56 Figure 1-1d. 2-2b. 3-3a. 4-4b. 5-5b. 6. BULLETIN 177 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3 Page Vitrinella (Striovitrinella) elegans, new species......-:cceeees 31 1-1b. Holotype, greater diameter 3.4 mm. Bocas Island, ANSP 211877; lc-ld. Paratype, greater diameter, 3.4 mm. Bocas Island. Vitrinella semisculpta, new species ---<.22<.-c.:2a AeM _ \ a WHS. \\\ \ LAK \ Ss We AY SEAS i va & ey 9 j bili ’ * » _ ; 2 : mo, 4 . ae ys yt i Pe - f mn ae Sf eit ft: XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVIII. XXVIII, XXIX. XXX. XXXII. XXXII. XXXII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVI. Volume I. II. Tit. IV. (Nos) SOOT! US34i DP i27 DIS s cist teh des heiscesnseedeeeepseaie bes ood, Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca CIN@S,' 89-946). SS0G6 ip, BO DIS. ia ca ph slse lees sated vee Abacetben Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia, Meso- zoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and Maryland Mio- cene mollusks. 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'7'2-79) 5'\ 251 pps 35 Plbis, pate s teal checvasde ee actinn Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of Conrad. 14.00 13.00 9.00 9.50 6.00 10.00 9.00 9,00 9.00 9.00 9.50 9.00 ee ee ee eee eee eee St BV ones LIBRARY a | Sd MAR 101959 HARVARD UNIVERSI BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY VOB; XXXIX NUMBER 178 1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York U.S. A. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION 1958-59 PRERIDENT 3 nt Pot TT oy AR Ns ee he SoLomon C. HOLLISTER WICR-PRERIDENT «5. es. GO ad OY Per See NorMAN E. WEISBORD SECRETARY=T REASURER 4 co et Resecca S. HARRIS BIR ECTOR 2220 hs I ee PE ee Me KATHERINE V. W. PALMER COUNSBO 71.1 Foot eee ote ha oe Ne eee ARMAND L. ADAMS Trustees KENNETH E, CASTER (1954-1960) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life) WINIFRED GOLpDRING (1955-1961) Ratpu A. LippLe (1956-62) Resecca S. Harris (Life) AXEL A, OLSson (Life) SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER (1953-59) NorMAN E. WEIsBorp (1957-1963) JoHn W. 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For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place Ithaca, New York USA, ref. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vol. 39 No. 178 AGE, CORRELATION, AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER TOCUYO (SAN LORENZO) AND POZON FORMATIONS, EASTERN FALCON, VENEZUELA By Wa .tTeER H. BLow The British Petroleum Company, Limited February 9, 1959 This work was first completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science of the University of London, England Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. MUS. COMP. 762! | LIBRARY = MAR 10 1959} HARY 7) UNIWERS ii Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Page PAIS tIAC teeta ee ecceaetaneseteacsncaesecemcncacuwes been inidesescsd Rone sintesteane eae . a (Off J Neel esol Kexa laipaV GaN) cenepece peered eos baecceceeronee sy cesar ea bet conaat ens : 67 i WaWeretoyaltavetyayel pees e-eeas soc Pens, ane Oe OF er op, (Or ATS few OTS oe ete ea cence eee scares Pe oacroaene ane cen nesen: wcagcotoce ae Gs Scope of the present work and material ........--.-----.-----c:-sececeseeceseeececereneneesencneenecenteren 72 Il. Planktonic biostratigraphy of the upper Tocuyo and Pozon RO LIMARIONS meter eee crete eee na eee ceo anne : me 73 III. Facies variation in the upper Tocuyo and Poz6n formations ces $1 IV. Correlation of the upper Tocuyo and Poz6n formations (eastern Falcén) with the southern Trinidad succession .............------.---------- 87 V. ‘Tentative correlation of the lower Tocuyo and Guacharaca for- mations (eastern Falcén) with the southern Trinidad suc- CAS (0) 0 en NT Deer ee gee es ee, Oe neenr CP err ans eh, 90 VI. Age of the Guacharaca, Tocuyo, and Pozon formations ...............----- 92 VII. Evolution of some Oligocene and Miocene Globorotaliidae and Orbulinidlaer eee eae senses neoeaeeen cee oe ee eee ee .. 94 VIII. Some notes on the taxonomy of the Foraminifera 0200000000000... sce al llt/ IEXG EC OVSCOMMALICL MOCORC te cssecoe ete t costes et hoes to nee cua, sue eene ce ll08 Ammodiscus incertus (d’Orbigny) ..............--- 109 Ammodiscus muhlemanni Blow, sp. nov. 109 Glomospira gordtalts |(jomes, and, Parkers) psi ji-...re-s.-.s0.t-e-cceasnensanree- AA 4: Vaulwulina spinosa miocentca Cushman -:cseccsc-ceccsec-socesceee-seeeeeeeeeee ee ah: Bhp 114 Gatdryina leuzingert (Cushman amd) Remz iiceccc-cecc-e---cseaceeceeessee-e--s- 114 Gaudryinamthalmvasiie Gushinianeal ie lx CUZ eeene esses sees eee nee 114 Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina) bullbrooki Cushman ............-..0-------------- 115 Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina) jacksonensis abnormis Cushman FWni(a AIRS Acetate a BSI ee Be a Lt ae at tee ee ae Lae 115 Pseudoclavulina carinata (Cushman and Renz) .0..........2..000.000000000--- Ps Alveovalvulinella pozonensis (Cushman and Renz) ....0.......020..0-00------ 116 CODE ILATLY LET ST SEA TOMA Meee eee ee ee 116 Schenckiella cf. cyclostomata (Galloway and Morrey) ............--....-...- ilil7/ GEILGRIE mp UTA gam (Us Ln atl) eee eee Ae 117) MCL aTlell aaeniLG GATETC Oa © US ITN Tae eee eee eee ee l7/ Wolk ghia (ilesag (Cue) mney BING VASE oy eee pe eee eereeee ee ee Pee lhs3 FAVE Ota SDDS WIN LCE paccees cael scoevec cone ca coos ee eee Se ee ee eels Onmonelocilina spp. wodet, 61.02: ot ee See pl lhe Sigmoilina celata (Costa) ..... bey ih om Se DE ra es Ree aed ee 118 Malo cwlindesSp peg iets. tien een ee et ee ae eee ee Oe Sr ee pies Trochammina cf. pacifica Cushman ........-.-.... SI SRR ee 119 Astacolus ovatus Galloway and Hemingway _............-.....---.--------- eed 9 lDyaphiablijuae Ck, eyakeytapiey. (COXWAN WEN) ceeaece eenrcepenpetsnoen ence eee posse eepeence-rocueneoernecerne: 129 Erogdiculatia. aavena .Cushovani 4-5-0 eee ...120 Frondicularia alazanensis Nuttall ...-.---ccccccec--cc0-0------------ Bae eS as 6s e120 HG OnatcHlanigindegialism COSta ee ee Plath. ie 120 Frondicularia sagittula lanceolata van den Broeck ................ a Bets ads 121 Lagena asperoides Galloway and Morrey ......................-. eae eee 121 Dagena: nuttallas Galloway AMG sy bl Crum yal yee seere een eee creme ee 122 Lagenonodosaria acostaensis Blow, SP. NOV. ......--.----------<--------------2-neneenennennee 122 Win galinavgrii sd al eu @us tari arn pt pC Zanes ee 123 Lingulina. prolata. (‘Guppy )) iota ee eee ee 123 Miarginulina (ch estrvatila sustain any sess nee 123 WMiarginulina swe bi llat abla the mii ress eeeea ee 124 Marginulinopsis basispinosus (Cushman and Renz) -............--.-------------- 124 Nodosacia cartbbeana’ (HMedberg))y eee 125 Nodosaria Comatus’ (oatsch)! oie 222208 ck. 50 ee ccna cess ates sacs naeceeeee 126 Nodosaria? “lomgiscatay diOrbigny, pe 126 Nodosaria nuttalls Wed berg eects sete ne eee 127 Nodosaria SChItChtv IRE USS sree ae rae ee nee Seat) cee 127 Nodosaria staimjortne. Cushmany ands Renz eee 128 Nodosarta ‘verlebralisosatschy)) cee ee eee 128 Rlaniularianclara= Cushman andi) (air visi eee eee 128 PRlanularia venezuclana Hedberge se 129 Pseudonodosaria incisa (Neugeboten))) ee ee 129 Rectoglandulina gallowayi paucicostata (Cushman) .............-..------------------ 130 Rovulus vamericamas (Cus lirmiai) cee 130 Robuluseamericanus grands a\(@Gushrnan\)) eee ee 131 Rovulus americanus spu0sus) \((Cushiman))\) eee eee 131 Robulus arcuatostriatus carolinianus Cushman. ........--.-.---------+:-:1-+--01-0------ 131 Robulus'calcar (Muinine ese ee eae eee 132 Reo batlabs Glertert) A WE OmmN aS UN) eee eee ee 132 Robulws sformiosius \((@uskirvam)) eee ese ee cee cee 132 Rovulusened bergp Gushima ny an Ge Rem Zaye ee ee 133 Robulus totus ((Cushrmam)) > 25 ees ae ee eee ee eee 133 Rovuluseaves villas @ushiniata i Geen ze see ee eee 133 ROD Uae greta @us rane kee nz, eee ene ea eae 134 Ropulus occidentaliswtorsidis i @ushimian) eee ee 134 Robulase protuvernarn sm (Cus timc) ee ee eee 134 IROUML US = SETTLED GUS IAAT ATG Re Lz ee ee 134 Robulus subaculeatus glabratws, (Cushman) hoes seer eee 135 CO DAEs Ste ri CUS hid aera EX Tze eee eee 135 ROU ES UOTE (Eichte lain cle VAlll\) ene eres ene ae ern 136 Robvulus avallace: (Hedberg) 22222 ee eee 136 Saracenaria italica acutocarimata (@ushman)) se 137 WOT QECIAnIG 11 ALCO CARA PILart Gey Eran Kite eee eee eee ee 137 SOT AGCCIVATIG SLALLTT.O 719 a ti GAGA) eee 137 Saracenania scvenck: Cushimanyand =) Elobson) 22 eee 137 Sarnacenaria Senni Ted ber pie 22 ee ee ee 138 Veaganulinias al az america sapN it tall ese eee eee eer ee 138 Vaginiulariam sab litt sea ((Niatitallll\)teree ee eee eee 138 Vaginulinopsis superbus (Cushman and Renz) ........-.------------------+-0--0--0----- 139 Glandiling laevigata «GOLDEN yee ee 139 Guitulimasrnegularis \idiOrbicny) ieee 140 Guiiilimamjaruise Cushman anda Oz ayy alee eee ae ee 140 Elphidium pocyanum (@Oxrbigny) 2. caper 140 Nonton affinis CREUSS) yee fe oe ee ee ee ee 141 Nomton costifertts «(\@uslirmam) eee eee cone = eee ee 141 Nonion. tncisus ‘Rermesis isclewp ell eee 141 Nonton pompiliotdes «(Pichtel and) Moll) ee ee 142 Plectofrondicularia californica Cushman and Stewart ..........-..--------.--------- 142 Electofrondiculantaujlonidar aa Gus iid nese ese ee ee 142 Plectofrondiculariasct wlongusitiatas LeRoy, ee 143 Plectofrondicularia mansfieldi Cushman and Ponton —.........--.-----2.------ 143 Angulogerina illingi Cushman and Renz ...............-.--:-----c1ssseeeeeeeeeeeeeseseeeeeeees 143 Bonvinawadvenm tCushimiantee ee Be eects ea eee ere ee 144 Boliaina alazancnsism@ushiian ee 144 ) OUST TC COM ROTEL AGEIG A GLO 017 000 eon Ee aan lee on a 144 Bolwnacaudriae Cushman, and Renz 2..0...ee et ee. 145 Bolimanmporcata Cushman. and Renz s+ .cs.. sn 145 Bolivinatsidroensis Cushman and Renz .2-- cece. see 145 Bolivina marginata multicostata Cushman .................- 146 Bolivina pisciformis Galloway and Morrey ................................. 146 Boliwinatpozonensss Cushmansand Renz... 2 146 Bawa peudohewircne ‘Cushmam, Si se we e 147 BohwinarsemnplexaCushman and Renz. 12.5.0 2. 147 Bolwimaxsutcrme Cushman and Renz... 148 Boliwinamtnalarargiiie Reman ak eniee ents en ae AE Ra eh 148 Bulimunaw alacanensisa Cushman et eee 149 Bulimina alligata (Cushman and Laiming) ie eee ta nae gh ene <8 149 Buliminas jalconemsisa Renz?) uk 2 2s ees SN eee ee 149 Bulininadeanilatas seowenza ct tt ne poe ee te PO PREY, 150 Bulsmnan pupoidesma Orbigny eos es 150 Bulimina (Globobulimina) perversa Cushman ......................... 151 Buliminella basistriata nuda Howe and Wallace .............. 151 Entosolenia marginata (Walker and Boys) ..............-.---.- 151 Reussella spinulosa (Reuss) ....... cS Et ees MSL cee D DIREC CS noe NEO 152 Siphogenerina kugleri Cushman and Renz ......................... 152 Sipioganerinamanelatan@ushman, 2 oe ee een 153 Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jeti ee eek aia A Bs 5 153 Siphogenerina sennt Cushman and Renz... 153 Seplogencrinal transwersa. Cushman’ >...) 153 Shlostomellatwernenlsy (@Orbigny)) .. 2 2 Ne ek eee 154 Uvigerina auberinana attenuata Cushman and Renz... 155 Wsigernna capayana edberem. see. 0) Lee Se as, 155 Usigenna- canupitaiactHedbers: 209 ee Ae es SAT 155 Uvigerina cubana Palmer and Bermudez .............. 155 Uvigerina gallowayi basicordata Cushman and Renz... 156 Usigenimanct,enannar Weinpellt n.. tet ee YEE 156 Uvigerina isidroensis Cushman and Renz ..................... 156 Uvigerina: rustica Cushmansand Edwards. ee ee 157 Hingulingep ont onimCushmanye ie. oe ne een Oa rely 157 GarcrismpanamensiseNatlandyec. sata ek) eer, meee 158 Gancrispsagna-(d Orbieny,) ce tgs AV Roe NOE ERNE SN ee 158 Ep onidescrcousiettedbeng ime tie os eee ee kr eee eS 158 Eponides parantillarum Galloway and Heminway 159 Eponides umbonatus ecuadorensis (Galloway and Morrey) .......___ 159 Gyroidinoides planulata (Cushman and RAGS DFA) ae alah ieee Gee oa Sarin: 3S. 161 Gyroidinoides altiformis (R. E. and K. C. Stevyacty) ec sere ie ae ee 160 Gyroidinoides byramensis campester (Palmer and lsyeranwialer7)) 161 Gyroidinoides planulata (Cushman and IRGINZ)) vise dee ee iil. aire eee 161 Cyroidinoides wenezieclang Renz... ss 161 Gyroidinoides..ck.edaedica) (Finlay ivi. 22 sh ee 162 Pulvinulinella culter (Parker and (Jom es) (eect ee eee eek hc hatte eh ay ee 163 Pulvinulinella jarvisi Cushman and Renz ............. 163 Rotalvanb eccaris \(Minine)in sewn ee enced oer ne ree ete 163 Stphonina pozonensis Cushman and Renz ............. 164 Vigloulimeniaoheriionn \(Hadley ite ate es nen arene 164 Valvulineria inaequalis lobata Cushman and Renz...” 165 Amphistegina ck. lesson @Oxbigny sess 165 Cassidulina carapitana Hedberg |. 165 Cosudulinuccrassasd’ Orbigny 2. eee te ee 166 Gassidulina. delicata Cushman, 2 ne oe 166 Cassidulina laewigata @Orbigny 222s 166 Cassidulina sib glovosa: Brady... 02. kas Sm a eee 166 Cassidulina subglobosa horizontalis Cushman and Renz Ehrenbergina caribbea Galloway and Heminway ........-.---.----------------------- 167 Gihilostomiella OV 0td Ca TROUSS ya ccccrce oa ase eae ae an ee ence eran eee 168 Pullenia bulloides (di @rbigmy,)) 2.0 ee setce ccc cocesecceecee soccer ose ene 168 Pullicaiains alas UivTay Ue Roe By Gs Kees @epe SUG yy as ba eee 168 SPR erOsdtma: DUTUaetl Us RES sone coc reree 168 Cassigerinella chipolensis (Cushman and Ponton) .........--.--------.----- 169 Elastigerina, Qegualater alisin (Ba iy, meses esse sae ee ae ee ee aera 171 Hastigerina aequilateralis aequilateralis (Brady) ........-.--.------------------------ 171 Hastigerina aequilateralis involuta (Cushman) .........2--.-------------e-o 171 Gobir iia mare GUS LULL TLD ALGAE mn (VS OI)) arenes ees aero enn 172 CGN O Dg CU ATU CAC CUAL TU Ta Ca GUNS EN eee nee 172 Globigerima (bradyi) WACSM CI a tse eee aa aa ae woe 173 MG VOU G CUI HLL OO Scale © RO Nye ee ee 174 Globigerina bullotdess di@rbiginy, cess sss 175 Globigenima eases 3s low SP TOW: cccesees ees nna ew 176 GGUODUG ETAT Gs ALGOTETUS IS» ES \O\WWaisS (spp) OWN jc eee ec rae ally Globigerina, foliata BOM t sicsccts ences cco ese noe ee 177 Globigerina) juventlis- Bolli,. <2.c22. = soos eee 178 Globigerinawnepentives) sod dh ae sce eee eee 178 Globigermanparauullordes: Blows S Pa ON jeg seeeeeeee eee ee 179 GlObLG CT ING p ra CUE Onl esis GNVEmS onl O Vem ee ee 180 Globoquadrina dehiscens (Chapman, Parr, and Collins) ~....--21.. 181 Globoquadrina dehiscens dehiscens (Chapman, Parr, and Collins) ........ 182 Globoquadrina dehiscens advena (Bermudez) .............--.---------2-000--------- 182 Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis) .........22.....-2::-:::1-eseeeeoe 183 Globoquadrina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis) ...........-.-..-.---.- 183 Globoqwadrinawaltispina sgloUo say Olli pers eee ene 183 Globogiadr ima al argent Ae Tis geese seca ec 183 Globogwad imap oz 07ers sis LO wages Dey LO Wasser aaa 184 Globogitadrina ao nrian CB OMI) eee ne 185 GUOVO GILG AT ITU MAUVE TEER ILE! ATL aa lle GDI: 2) eee aa 186 GIOD IGE riOId eS LTULOU Cm (CRCUS S)) meee eee 186 Globigernmoid es \irilov atitlobian (NCUSS) nee ree 187 Globigerinoides triloba altiapertura Boll 2 187 Globigerinoides triloba immatura LeRoy ....-..-----------0-----------000-------- re eee 188 Globigerimoides tiloba sacculupera | ((Buady;)\ pe nee ee 188 GlOvIGErInotde si UeSp HET LC CuatS OC Cees ee ee 189 AG ODIGeT VOTES Y.01L ds LO eageS Vee 0X Oey eee eae ee 189 MGV ODAG CT ATLOLL ES) CLAUTTUITEALL ign Ogee eee cera ee 191 Globigienimotdess win tty comma Cage ne eee ee oa ee 191 Globigernimorva esol ligase Ollie seer eet eee eee 191 GIODIGETULOIEL Ce Smet ALU ran (ly OG De Tiy9) eee een 192 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones) .........2...-.-20:::c2:ceceseeees-0s--- 194 Sphacroidinella dehiscens dehiscens (Parker and Jones) —........-.-.-...... 195 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subdehiscens Blow, subsp. noy. .......-..-...--.------ 195 SS PILGEGOLA ULE I CaN SCTTIUITLLIIIE CMA S Cliyycl ea) pene eee eee 196 Sphaeroidinella seminulina seminulina (Schwager) ........-2.-----2------2-------- 197 ISPHACTOLAIN ELL MNS CINIMLLING |ROGHD a\(Calidint)) ce eee ee 198 BAO Dalaran OgLO At aaa (AL @ TDi e-Tiy2) ee eee eee ee 199 ORD Ulta) Set 7 alt se sO TNTEIIN AM Whe eee reece eee eee eee cee eee 200 Or bulma versa tdi @ nig Dy eee eee ee 200 POTLICHLOS PH AEG SOLOMLEGOS A GUNUG | BOW) peeces ee 201 Porticulasphaera glomerosa glomerosa (BlOW) ....----....----.--------0e--eeeeeee 202 Porticulasphaera glomerosa circularis (BlOW) ..........-.--c.---c-0c+c00etere-eo-= 202 Porticulaspiaer ata sito rtd (Love) ae ee ee 202 Catapsydrax dissimilis (Cushman & Bermudez) .................2.-2::0-00--es000200e2e--s 203 Catapsydrax stainforthi Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan Catapsydrax unicavus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan Globigerinatella insueta Cushman and Stainforth —...0000000000200200202e 2 205 Globigerinita naparimaensis Bronnimann ......... 5 Fags others de 206 Globigerinita naparimaensis naparimaensis Bronhinann 206 Globigerinita naparimaensis incrusta (Akers) ...........-.-- has SO er SE ae 206 Globigerinoita morugaensis Bronmimann ...........-....-...20.--0----0-ce-ceneeeeeeeeeeeeeeee- 207 GQlhaboronalloneos cocimialballie VOW hecoceeseecescececenesee coches ce ei Peeper pene re sneer noe 208 Globorotaltamacostaes sisi lOve SPs) TO Vien eestor ese see eee 208 GloPOZOralvanViTaGeden EylOwye Spill O Vinee ee rce sees ee nee 210 Globorotalia ck canarnzensis. (di Oxbigiy,)) cee ceee esses eeee eee sae toe 211 Giovornotaliafolesta Gus lirivatigra ye ge is Oxo esse teeter 211 Globvorotaliamfonsibants avers is) (eel Oy.) \yeercreers ees ee 212 Glovororalia fobsisposst Cushmany ands Bilis saeco eee 212 Glovorocalzaa on silo vata 0 cma Ge z)) esses seen eae eee 213 GUC OOF aim OES tie TODAS E Cogn Es Oitmaa ee ee oe 213 (QHolborraialinas: UC BAC POAS JON Siesercccccceecoceccestnosces Sco eeecee pet eeS eee ese oe oer 213 Globvorotaliasimayerds Cushman and SE lWSory ee 214 Globorjotalacmariet: circla tian (cla @ i; b i Cs eayg) eee es eee 214 Globorotalia menardii archeomenardii (Bolli) ..........2......22.0.:2220-----0000-------- 214 Globorotalia menardii praemenardu (Cushman and Stainforth) _.......... 215 Globorotalia menardu menardi (d’Orbigny) <--.2- 2 ect e 215 Globorotalia menardit PTDL O GE 7ELG Cm ball nnn Tae ree eee 216 (GOTO L LCT UUTLA TUG CNUKEI,S)) ees eee eae ne ee ee ee 217 GOW ORO TALL CMTTOITULUEES S771 Ol meee renee eee ere 218 (LOPOADEANE ODGGEE EXONS eee ee Oe ee ee ee ee 218 HON ROLLD GAO ADIT EG) NSE Se ee eee eee 218 Globorotalia opima continuosa Blow, subsp. nov. —.........---2---.22--220--22-ee- ee 218 (Hobo rOGanG: Seaaligy (OBSCAGGR)) ease nok ee 219 Glolonoraltams criti ames Grrl cigs (Ei yAChy) ae ee 219 Globorotalia scitula gigantea Blow, subsp. nov. .........-----.-------------20-----20-00---+ 220 Globorotalia scitula praescitula Blow, subsp. noy. —...-----20-----22-e eee 221 islaiseag@ranalae eppapaye hgh VeXONNN ecco recente 222 VALUGTTU CLUE CEM CLLR CUTLC TESA Sue NUT: eee eee ee 222 ALO MANITOLL ESAT TITALALCIESU Sa UNiuttalll) pecans en ne ae 223 Galbnendles aagpcpuccmemng (CCWSNTUENTY) acento poate 223 Cubicidesncanstenia Cushman ands Ellison eee 224 CHUCGICICS AGOILGE TEL ta GIL Same (( GUTS Lurie 11)) eee eee 224 Cabicides\ -compressus Cushman. and Renz 22-2 ic cc ce ee 224 MOU UCI ACS ms) a) COC S Ua RCINZ gp Ak Pele ck ee E DO UNM cea ee Ree Pe aye ae 225 Cibicides mantaensis (Galloway and Morrey) ...........-----.2.-0--0---0-2-00----- 225 Cnbicidesm alan as er si sie (lal ey) eee eee eee 226 (GHBLEHEIOS PHOTPRCAGIG®. ISIONT EN og oo an eh ep Me ee pee ee eee 226 aticarinin capa peratam (Ranker sand! s)|OMes) messes ea eee 226 Planulina dohertyi (Galloway and Morrey) ......-.-.-.---------------0--0-0--0--0-00------ 227 Rlarulinasmanialaria SA AGEs a. ccc. vee ne Tt ee Akt ce ee ie ee 22h Piannlina smextcana | Coushman oes ote eee ee ee ee ee pe ee 22 RU TEIULET, COMES LCD LCIEAL OS 11770 CHa ONCE 1) eee 228 Biblio grap hives evs ees aoe eect es Ee ON AOU We tN OR ee eS 228 Appendix I. Note on the validity of the name “San Lorenzo formation”’ District ot Acostas eastern balcony \Wwenezucla eee eee 234 By at espa ere ee Sh ne Ret NORE AN La eh eee es 237 CHARTS CONE TE Rs Ue ee ee at Re Ne gee RN? Sede SOR RL Ciel OO PNRM E SOR tat 8 © cfees IRE o ty 74 (YE a each ees i Re Ro ney ea CT eee Ue ee ees Between 74 and 75 Gar Ga ag eee ee ee SA he Ee 2 ae ee ee re 2 ee ee N In Pocket Sn ea ae ae ee acm a SS 8 BE Ee Stra et TEE oe le OS pee 91 MAPS Witalpsy liad 22) ees 2a Ace lee adem Oe ok Een Ate Pana RAS e we ocean Sac eee 69 DAA EET 0) Spee le Se a a eR Pe ee Ser ee 71 ie x i babigat iP. | =e ste Sait he Ta 4. tL; oY <5 Bie ies TA Secon aaa oats v AGE, CORRELATION, AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER TOCUYO (SAN LORENZO) AND POZON FORMATIONS, EASTERN FALCON, VENEZUELA WaLTER H. Blow The British Petroleum Company, Limited ABSTRACT H. H. Renz (1948) proposed a biostratigraphical subdivision of the Agua Salada group, eastern Falcon, Venezuela, based almost entirely on the occur- rence of benthonic Foraminifera. The present work critically re-examines this biostratigraphy in the light of new evidence from a detailed traverse along the Pozon-E] Mene Road. The stratigraphical distribution of both benthonic and planktonic Foraminifera has been investigated. Evidence from this traverse shows that a direct correlation between the planktonic foraminiferal biozones used in Trinidad and the subdivisions of Renz can be achieved. Furthermore, whereas, in southern Trindad, Miocene sediments above the Globorotalia menardii Zone, Lengua formation are devoid of planktonic Foraminifera, corresponding sediments in eastern Falcon often contain abundant planktonic faunas. Investigations show that, using planktonic Foraminifera, a further subdivision of these higher sediments is possible. Three new biozones are proposed within these middle to upper Miocene sediments. Since the section in eastern Falcon is largely undisturbed by tectonic complications, a confirmation of H. M. Bolli’s (1950, 1957) planktonic zona- tion based on surface and subsurface sections within the Cipero-Lengua formations (southern Trinidad) is possible. Bolli’s biozones are shown to have more than local validity whereas the benthonic foraminiferal zonation of Renz is strongly influenced by ecological conditions. The age and a trans-Atlantic correlation of these eastern Falcoén Miocene sediments is discussed in the light of evidence seen recently in Sicily and Malta. A number of evolutionary studies have been made within the Oligocene and Miocene Orbulinidae and Globorotaliidae, and five lineages have been dis- tinguished and are discussed. In some of these lineages, evolutionary changes appear to have occurred in a repetitive manner. The first occurrence and evolution of Globigerina bulloides is discussed. Reference is also made to the evolution and first occurrence of the genus Orbulina d’Orbigny, whilst the wall structure and morphology of the genus Sphaeroidinella Cushman, 1927 is discussed in some detail. One hundred seventy-four species of benthonic Foraminifera (including two new species) and 72 species or subspecies of planktonic Foraminifera (including ten new forms) are described or discussed. The name Tocuyo is substituted for San Lorenzo, a term which is pre- occupied by the name San Lorenzo formation in California (Arnold, 1906). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was first initiated at the suggestion of H. G. Kugler (Consulting Geologist to the Central Mining Investment Corpora- tion) and H. M. Bolli (lately Senior Stratigrapher to Texaco Trini- dad Inc.) whilst the writer was employed with Trinidad Lease- holds Limited (now Texaco ‘Trinidad Inc.), Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad, B.W.I. The writer wishes to express his sincere thanks to Kugler and Bolli for their stimulating suggestions, guidance 68 BULLETIN 178 and helpful citicisms at all stages during the preparation of this work. Both H. G. Kugler and H. M. Bolli were kind enough to have extensive correspondence with the writer as well as read- ing and discussing the manuscript subsequent to the writer’s departure from Trinidad. Further Bolli kindly supplied details of his paper on the “Planktonic Foraminifera from the Oligo- cene-Miocene Cipero and Lengua formations of Trinidad” prior to its publication. For this privilege the writer is deeply grateful. The writer also wishes to thank F. E. Eames (Chief Palaeon- tologist, The British Petroleum Company Limited, London) for many discussions on various aspects of Miocene stratigraphy, also for reading and discussing the manuscript. Miss G. N. Birnage (Librarian of the Palaeontological Department, The British Petro- leum Company Limited) also gave the writer highly valued biblio- graphical assistance during the final preparation of this paper. The writer’s thanks are also due to Miss Ruth Todd (U. S. Geological Survey), who supplied Recent material for comparison; to J. B. Saunders (Trinidad) and J. P. Beckmann (Cuba), and W. J. Clarke, F. T. Banner, and J. Seymour (London), all of whom discussed various aspects of this work. Finally, the writer is indebted to the Chairman of The British Petroleum Company Limited for permission to publish this paper. L UINTRODUCTION PAST WORK In 1948, H. H. Renz made a detailed study of the ben- thonic Foraminifera of the Agua Salada group, District of Acosta, eastern Falcén, Venezuela, (Maps 1, 2). He erected a biostrati- graphic term based almost entirely on the stratigraphic distribu- tion of these bottom-living forms. Renz, in his detailed study, also reviewed the biostratigraphical and lithostratigraphical studies of many earlier workers, notably Thomas (1924), Senn (1935), Cushman and Renz (1941), and Renz (1942). Much of the strati- graphical terminology used by these earlier workers has become obsolete and superseded by Renz’s (1948) detailed and compre- hensive work. Tocuyo AND Pozon ForRMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 69 I} fh fe} VENEZUELA —— a eI COLOMBIA “ J ( } Map 4. Geographical position of Eastern Faleén and Trinidad. LEGEND: Area of map 2 shaded thus 777 MAP 2. Sketch map of the Eastern Falcon, Venezuela, Region Showing the geographical position of the POZON - EL MENE ROAD SECTION (a-B) . Scale Isidro ° 5 10 —— 4 — Kilometres Curamichate CARIBBEAN SEA Mirimire RIO TUCURERE Gf San Lorenzo de Acosta Chichiriviche Riecito 70 BULLETIN 178 Renz (1948, p. 8) pointed out that the term “Agua Salada Group” first appeared in a paper published in 1937 (Wiedenmayer ) although this term has been used as early as 1919 in private reports to oil companies by M. L. Thomas. The Agua Salada group has been divided on_ lithological grounds into two formations, 1.e., an older San Lorenzo formation" (type locality at El] Mene de Acosta) and a younger Pozon forma- tion (type locality at Pozén). Renz (1948 pp.8-27) also reviewed the lithology of these two formations (including work by J. C. Griffiths) and pointed out that the following lithological sub- divisions have been generally recognized by field geologists em- ployed by oil companies operating in the area: — OJO DE AGUA FORMATION Huso Clay member Husito Marly-Clay member Pozon Formation Policarpio “Greensand” member Menicito Clay member * Pe Lorenzo El Salto Sand member Formation | (Tocuyo fm.) Agua Salada group GUACHARACA FORMATION Renz (1948, pp.38-76) erected the following biostratigraphical subdivisions for the San Lorenzo and Pozén formations based al- most entirely on the occurrence of benthonic Foraminifera: — OJO DE AGUA FORMATION Robulus senni Zone Marginulinopsis basispinosus Zone , ily ee Pozon Formation Valvulineria herricki Zone Globorotalia fohst Zone Siphogenerina transversa Zone \ eS Robulus wallacei Zone San Lorenzo Formation “Uvigerinella” sparsicostata Zone (part) | (Tocuyo fm.) GUACHARACHA FORMATION 1See Appendix I, concerning the validity of this formational name and proposal of substitution of the name Tocuyo for San Lorenzo. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 71 The type section of the Pozon formation was chosen by Renz along the Loma Luca traverse (see Map 3) whilst the type section for the San Lorenzo formation was chosen at El Mene de Acosta. MAP 3 Sketch Map of the POZON - EL MENE AREA. EASTERN FALCON, VENEZUELA Y Son Lorenzo x-50,000 2 ° 8 8 8 ° ° g £ > > Renz (1948, pp.69-76) further subdivided his Robulus senni Zone into three “Zonules”:— Elphidium poeyanum-Reussella spinulosa Zonule, Textularia panamensis Zonule, Vaginulinopsts superbus-Trochammina cf. pactfica Zonule but pointed out that these zonules could be recognized only in the Pozon area and not in the El] Mene area to the east of Pozon (see Map 2). The relationship of Renz’s biostratigraphical subdivisions to the generally accepted lithological subdivisions is shown on the right-hand side of Chart 1 and on Map 4. Renz (1948, p.38 et seq.) considered the San Lorenzo formation to be of middle and upper Oligocene age whilst the Pozon formation was considered to range from upper Oligocene to Miocene (Tor- tonian) times. However, when assessing these ages ascribed by Renz, it is necessary to remember that Renz (1948, p. 26) placed pe. BULLETIN 178 the Aquitanian in the Oligocene and considered the Miocene to commence with the Burdigalian stage. The present writer discusses these age relationships in some detail at a later stage in this study, but would state here that, following the recommendation of the U. S. Geological Survey, he regards the Aquitanian as basal Mio- cene. SCOPE OF THE PRESENT WORK AND MATERIAL Whereas in eastern Falcén the biostratigraphical subdivisions of the Agua Salada group were, previous to this study, made in terms of mainly benthonic Foraminifera (Senn, 1935; Cushman and Renz, 1941; Renz, 1948), in southern Trinidad the emphasis has been to use planktonic Foraminifera (mainly because of their abun- dance) for the zonation of the Cipero and Lengua formations (Cushman and Stainforth, 1945; Stainforth, 1948a; Bronnimann, 1951; Bolli, 1950, 1951, 1957) so that a direct correlation between the areas was not possible previous to this study. It was suggested to the writer by Dr. H. G. Kugler and Dr. H. M. Bolli that an investigation of the planktonic Foraminifera of the Agua Salada group would permit a direct comparison to be made between the benthonic biostratigraphy of Renz and the planktonic biostratigraphy used in southern Trinidad. This investi- gation has now not only provided a confirmation of the succession of biozones recognized in Trinidad but has also shown that these planktonic biozones have more than local validity. The eastern Falcon succession (in contrast to the succession in southern Trini- dad) appears to be complete and not so much disturbed by pene- contemporaneous slumping and reworking of Foraminifera. Conse- quently, the present study has enabled some further refinements to be made to the planktonic biostratigraphy of the Caribbean Miocene. This study also emphasizes the value of planktonic Fora- minifera for long distance correlation of heterotopic sediments. This work is based on the faunal analysis (of both planktonic and benthonic Foraminifera) of over 700 closely spaced auger and pit samples collected by Dr. R. Muhlemann from a detailed tra- verse, along or off-set, from the north to south section of the Pozon-E] Mene Road between Caiman and Buena Vista (Maps 1, Tocuyo AND PozoN FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 7 2, 3 and 4). Map 4 shows in detail the positions of Muhlemann’s samples which are, in general, equally spaced and follow consecu- tively between the “key” samples actually indicated. The geo- graphical relationship of this section as shown on Map 4 is given by reference to the letters “A” and “B” on Maps 2 and 3. This Pozén-El Mene Road section, which is about 2,000 metres west of Renz’s Loma Luca section, extends from the upper part of the San Lorenzo (Tocuyo) formation through the Pozon formation into the overlying Ojo de Agua formation. Since this Pozon-E] Mene Road traverse was sampled in detail and each sample collected at intervals of approximately five metres, it has been possible to make a close check on the ranges of the Foraminifera described in this paper. Also it has been possible to make some evolutionary studies for some groups of planktonic Foraminifera. In addition to the samples collected by R. Muhlemann from the Pozon-E] Mene Road, the original samples used by Renz from the Loma Luca (Renz, 1948—Table No. 4) were available to the writer so that it was possible to note with precision the factors governing the position of Renz’s various zonal boundaries. Furthermore, samples from the nearly completely cored Pozon Well 3 and E] Mene Wells 7 and 47 were also investigated. The writer (Blow, 1956) published a preliminary correlation between the two biostratigraphies, and Chart 1 shows this correla- tion in the light of further evidence. Map 4 shows in detail the re- lationship of the zonal boundaries of both types of biostratigraphies to each other and in conjunction with the sequence of samples studied along the Pozon-E] Mene Road traverse. li PLANKTONIC BIOSTRATIGRAPHY-OF THE, UPPER TOCUYO? AND POZON FORMATIONS Based on the stratigraphical occurrence of planktonic Foramini- fera the author has been able to recognize the following biostrati- graphical subdivisions of the upper part of the Tocuyo formation and the Pozon formation as seen in the detailed traverse along, * Hereafter, Tocuyo, see Appendix, will be used in place of San Lorenzo formation. 74 BULLETI SOUTHERN TRINIDAD, B.W.1. FORMATION RNZE L*ENPER BIOZONES (BOLLI e at) E oc (1) SARMATIAN VINDOBONIAN BURDIGALIAN AQUITANIAN Mainly rather poor calcareous benthonic =z = = =< = ) ive - a ox : 3 = 2 <= . H 3 ‘ = =z e = Fy = 3 =< ‘ Fy = : [7 < i) ive w 7) > a | o Cloborotalia =z senardid Zone =] = 3 = o iva Cloborotalia aayert = Zone =< — > =) = z re Ww = - =< = S Gr. fohai robusta a Zone * © a. & | cr.fonst lobata 8 Zone 9 | Gr. fonai fohsi = Zone 3 = N o 3 = 3 Ls © | ar. fonsé = barisanensis >I Zone 4 (—) we ° Olodiperinatella =~ insueta Zone w a rz) s Catapsydrax 5 stainfortht uw tone = = a Catapsydrax = Aisshatlis z (Note: Tone CHART 1. LITHOLOGY Sands and Silts Alternating Silts and Sands E. PALCON ZONE s.1. AND Or.mayeri Lower Forest Clay Unconformable S. TRINIDAD OF THE Non-Calcareous Silts, Sands and some Clays BETWEEN THE TOP ABOVE L.Cruse Non-Calcareous Clay CORRELATION TATIVE TEN' TMISSING OR REPRESENTED NN BY KARAMAT AND/OR RIO CLARO BOULDER Calcareous Clays, Marls and Caleareous Clays, Marls and Herrera Mainly Calcareous : Clays and Marls iste.Croi« unstJ\ Mainly Calcareous Clays and —___ Marie Narivs Non- Calcareous Clays and Silts i CORRELATION OF EASTERN Nn 178 EASTERN FALCON, VENEZUELA LITHOLOGY Clobtgerina bulloides Zone Sphaerotdine lla Seainulina Zone Rusito Marly-Clay Member Globorotalia meraritt wenardit Glodigerina nepenthes Zone Calcareous Clays and Marls Gr.mayeri/ Gg-nepenthes Sub-Zone s.l Zone Or mayeri/ Globorotatia Sub-Zone sayeri Gr. fohsi robusta Zone s.l Gr. fohsi lobata Zone Zone ohsi Gr.fohst fohst Zone Globorotalia Or. fohst barisanensis one O.insueta/ O.bispherica Sub-Zone Policarpio Menicito Clay Member ay G.insueta/ G.triloba Sub-Zone Clobdigerinatella Mainly Calcareous Clays with occasional Non- Calecareous Bands Catapsytrax stainfortht tone Catapsydrax dissiailis Sand Member Zone PALCON WITH SOUTHERN TRINIDAD Gr, lenguaensis (including 3 Zonules) Narginullinopsis basispinosus one Yaluulineria harrickt Zone Gr. fohsi Zone (of Renz) Siphogenerina transversa Tone Robulus uallaced Zone ---—?)-—?---- “yuigerine Lia” sparsicostata one Tocuyo should be substituted for San Lorenzo formation. No vertical scale implied and intervals represented diagrammatically.) 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We: ai) * = |2 00z61 WH ; é vf a al= 29161 'We oeier'w' § EE 2 Wines oOF-oSE 4/2 AG € ra as Nozod x > Fe é TOsIGI WY a —— 3 _ 5 BLIGI WE IBIEIJeM SMinqoy jo sUaLND20 Ise] ae o a B) 2 [Ee Mies vf * nes soe w2112 ig Le a ear & y oss g g EVIGN WE -SilwiSsip weapkedeyey 90 wnusvIn200 1] erie wie p| ® Iriel we N 2° Seel6I Wy ee 232 es 3 a4 g rs 3 aunjonuys ay 70 15812 By) seA0 B/qGBIIEA soi Vv S| ssuoz | soucz = Vang a ‘VOINSAWVY HLNOS ‘VWI3SNZ3SN3BA * NOO1vWS Nuwalsva vy dVW QvO¥ ANSW 13-NOZOd Tocuyo ANp Pozon FoRMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 75 or off-set from, the Pozén-E] Mene Road between Caiman and Buena Vista (see Maps 2, 3, and 4-points marked “A” and “B”):— 10. Globigerina bulloides Zone 9. Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone 8. Globorotalia menardu menardi/Globigerina nepenthes Zone Gr. mayeri/G. nepenthes 7. Globorotaha mayert Subzone Zone (s..))Gr. mayeri/Gr. lengwaensts Subzone 6. Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone 5. Globorotaha fohsi lobata Colloquially Zone |referred to as the 4. Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Globorotalia fohst Zone “Zone” (CH) 3. Globorotalha fohsi barisanensis Zone G. insueta/G. bispherica 2. Globigerinatella insueta Subzone Zone (s.l.){G. insueta/G. triloba Subzone 1. Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone The base of the Pozén formation (as represented by the base of the Policarpio “Greensand” member) occurs within the Globi- gerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone. The zonal boundaries of the zones are defined on Map 4 and the direct cor- relation of these planktonic zones with Renz’s (1948) benthonic zones 1s also given on the same Map. The planktonic zones and their associated subzones are dis- cussed below and the diagnostic faunal elements of each zone are briefly noted. The complete benthonic and planktonic foraminiferal content of each interval is summarized on Chart 2 and Chart 3 respectively. 76 BULLETIN 178 1. Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Tocuyo formation (in part) This zone is defined by the limited occurrence together of Cat- apsydrax dissimilis (Cushman and Bermudez) and Globigerinatella insueta Cushman and Stainforth. Globoquadrina rohri (Bolli) only occurs in the lower part of this interval. Catapsydrax wnicavus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan does not range higher than the top of this zone and although Catapsydrax stainforthi Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan is not limited to this interval, it 1s a conspicuous member of the zone’s fauna. The base of this zone is not seen in the Pozon-El Mene Road traverse but, from evidence seen in the subsurface sections of Pozon Well 3 and El Mene Wells 7 and 47, the lower boundary of the Robulus wallacei Zone (Renz, 1948, p. 45) still occurs within the co-existence of Catapsydrax dissimilis and Globigerinatella in- sueta so that the topmost part of Renz’s “Uvigerinella” sparsicos- tata Zone can be correlated with the basal part of this planktonic biozone. 2. Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo formation (upper part) and Pozon formation (lower part) This zone spans the uppermost part of the Tocuyo formation and the basal part of the Pozén formation as seen in the Pozon area of eastern Falcon. The writer recognizes two subzones within this zone which are based on the evolution of Globigerinoides bispherica Todd (as emended by Blow, 1956, p. 62) from Globigerinoides triloba triloba (Reuss). The zone is distinguished by the presence of Globigerina- tella insueta Cushman and Stainforth but Catapsydrax dissimilis (Cushman and Bermudez) and Catapsydrax unicavus Bolli, Loeb- lich, and Tappan are absent. 2a. Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone This subzone is separated from the overlying subzone by the absence of Globigerinoides bispherica. Catapsydrax stainfortht oc- curs in this interval but does not range to the top of the subzone. Globigerinoides diminuta Bolli first occurs in the upper part of the interval but does not become common until the interval of the Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW TE overlying Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Sub- zone. Globigerinotdes triloba triloba (Reuss) is particularly com- mon in this interval. Robulus wallacei (Hedberg) becomes extinct in this interval and last occurs in Sample RM 19179 (see Map 4). 2b. Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone This subzone is characterized by the occurrence together of Globigerinatella insueta and Globigerinoides bispherica. The evolu- tion of Orbulina and Biorbulina from Globigerinoides bispherica via Porticulasphaera glomerosa (Blow) and Porticulasphaera transi- toria (Blow), respectively, occurs within the upper part of this subzone (Blow, 1956). Globigerinoides diminuta Bolli also characterizes this interval and, although it ranges from the uppermost part of the underlying subzone, it does not range into the overlying Globorotalia fohsi bari- sanensits Zone. Globorotalia menardu archeomenardu (Bolli) first appears within this subzone. Globorotalia Fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Pozon Formation (in Part) Before discussing the next four zones, which are based on the subspecies of Globorotalia fohsi, it is necessary to outline a short historical review of Bolli’s work (Bolli, 1950, 1957) with reference both to the various subspecies of the species and to their biostrati- graphical usage. Bolli (1950) recognized that certain other types of Globorotalia show evolutionary relationships to the form described by Cush- man and Ellisor (1939) as Globorotalia fohst. Bolli established, by detailed study of continuous surface and subsurface sections in the Cipero formation of southern Trinidad, that there was a grada- tional sequence extending from a form recorded by LeRoy (1939) as Globorotalia barisanensis to a form described by Bermudez (1949) as Globorotalia lobata. Bolli (1950) considered these two latter types as subspecies of the “central type” Globorotalia fohsi; at the same time Bolli also recognized that the evolutionary trend continued beyond the subspecies “/Jobata’ and distinguished a fourth and final subspecies as Globorotalia fohsi robusta. These phylogenetic studies were adopted by other authors (Bronnimann, 78 BULLETIN 178 195l1a) who used the occurrence of these various subspecies to de- fine subzones of the Globorotalia fohst Zone. Later (Bolli, 1957), these subzones were afforded the biostratigraphical rank of zones. The present writer agrees with this later view since it has become established that the intervals in question can be recognized not only in various parts of Trinidad but also in eastern Falcon. Further- more, since the zonation is based on a well-defined evolutionary sequence, biological principles suggest that the zonal boundaries should be isochronous within the limits imposed by the rates of faunal migration and genetic interchange. The term Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s./.) 1s retained in the present work purely as a convenience when discussing the range of some of the Foraminifera. 3. Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone, Pozon formation (in part) This zone is distinguished by the presence of Globorotalia fohs barisanensis (LeRoy), Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann, Orbulina universa @Orbigny, and Biorbulina bilobata (d’Orbigny ) combined with the absence of Globigerinatella insweta Cushman and Stain- forth. Globigerinoides bispherica Todd persists only into the ex- treme basal part of the zone. Below this zone, and within the underlying Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Globorotalia fohst barisanensis is small and with a generally rather lobulate periphery with fairly well-incised sutures. However, in this zone, Globorotala fohst barisanensis has less deeply incised sutures and the periphery is practically nonlobulate. Furthermore, the ventral side shows a tendency to be rather more definitely vaulted than in the earlier forms of the subspecies. Globorotalia scitula scitula (Brady) appears for the first time in the uppermost part of this zone. 4. Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Zone, Pozén formation (in part) This zone is characterized by the presence of Globorotalia fohsi fohst Cushman and Ellisor and Globorotalia menardu prae- menardu (Cushman and Stainforth). Globorotalia scitula gigantea Blow, subsp. nov. appears in the upper part of this interval for the first time. Siphogenerina transversa Cushman becomes extinct at about the middle part of this interval (Sample No. RM 19376-—see Map Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 79 4) whilst Valvulineria herricki (Hadley) first appears in its upper- most part (Sample No. RM 19381). H. H. Renz (1948) recognized a “Globorotalia fohst Zone” between his Siphogenerina transversa and Valvulineria herrickt Zones and reference to the sample originally used by Renz (see Renz. 1948, Table No. 4-samples filed in the collections of Texaco Trinidad Inc., Pointe-a-Pierre) showed that the samples referred to by him as his “Globorotalia fohsi Zone” contain forms referable to the subspecies Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Cushman and Ellisor and Globorotalia fohsi lobata (Bermudez). Hence it ap- pears that the “Globorotalia fohst Zone” of H. H. Renz is equiva- lent to part of the Globorotalia fohst fohsi and the Globorotalha fohsi lobata Zones as used by Bolli (1957) and the present writer. 5. Globorotalia fohsi lobata Zone, Pozén formation (in part) This zone is characterized by the presence of Globorotalia fohst lobata and Globorotalia menardu praemenardu. Globorotalia scitula gigantea Blow, subsp. nov. is also present whilst Globigerina bulbosa LeRoy and Sphaeroidinella seminulina kochi (Caudri) ap- pear for the first time within this zone. 6. Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone, Pozon formation (in part) This zone is distinguished by the presence of Globorotalia fohsi robusta Bolli. Globorotaha menardu menardu (d’Orbigny ) develops from Globorotalia menardu praemenardi (Cushman and_ Stain- forth) in the middle part of this interval, and Sphaeroidinella de- hiscens subdehiscens Blow, subsp. nov. occurs for the first time in the uppermost part of this zone. Sphaeroidinella seminulina kochi (Caudri) becomes fairly common in this zone. 7. Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.1.), Pozén formation (in part) This zone is characterized by the continuing presence of Glob- orotalia mayert Cushman and Ellisor after the extinction of Glob- orotalia fohst robusta. Globoquadrina altispira globosa Bolli re- appears from the base of the interval and although Globorotalia lenguaensts Bolli first appears in the topmost part of the underly- ing interval it only forms a significant component of the fauna in this zone. 80 BULLETIN 178 The writer recognizes two subzones within this interval in eastern Falcon: 7a. Globorotalia mayert/Globorotalia lenguaensis Subzone This subzone is characterized by the co-existence of Globoro- talia mayert and Globorotalia lenguaensis combined with the ab- sence of both Globorotalia fohst robusta and Globigerina nepenthes Todd. Globigerinoides boll Blow, sp. nov. first occurs at the base of the subzone. 7b. Globorotaha mayeri/Globigerina nepenthes Subzone This subzone is characterized by the co-existence of Globoro- talia mayert and Globigerina nepenthes. Globigerinoides bollu and Sphaerotdinella dehiscens subdehiscens both become common within this interval. Marginulinopsis bastspinosus (Cushman and Renz) first oc- curs in sample RM 19671 within this interval (see Map 4). 8. Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozon formation (in part) This zone is distinguished by the continuation of Globigerina nepenthes Todd after the extinction of Globorotalia mayeri Cush- man and Ellisor. Globorotalia menardu menardu is often abundant and typical. Globorotalia acostaensis Blow, sp. nov. occurs for the first time within this zone whilst Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny develops from Globigerina praebulloides Blow, sp. nov. in the mid- dle part of this interval. Occasional specimens of Globigerina apertura Cushman have also been observed in the upper part of this zone. Transitional forms to Globorotalia menardu miocenica Palmer also appear at the top of this zone. 9. Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation (in part) This zone is marked by the continuing presence of both sub- species of Sphaeroidinella seminulina, 1.e., Sphaerotdinella semi- nulina seminulina (Schwager) and Sphaeroidinella seminulina kocht (Caudri), but it is highly likely that the latter subspecies becomes extinct before the former. Although the possibility exists that the upper limit of this zone is influenced to some extent by facies change, evidence seen Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 81 in two subsurface sections on the Island of Cubagua (see Map 1) also shows the same extinction of both subspecies of Sphaeroidinella seminulina within similar planktonic assemblages as seen in this Pozon-E] Mene Road section. Also, in the Cubagua subsurface sec- tions there is no apparent change of facies. 10. Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozoén formation (in part) Following the disappearance of Sphaeroidinella seminulina (Schwager) there is no further change in the composition of the planktonic faunas which tend to become rather impoverished in the section under consideration. However, some isolated samples show fairly rich planktonic assemblages which contain typical specimens of Globorotalia menardu menardu, Globigerina bulloides, Orbulina universa, Globigerinoides triloba immatura, and Globi- gerinotdes bollu amongst others. Occasional specimens of Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subdehiscens occur, but no specimens of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina group have been observed. The designation of this interval must be regarded as only provisional since Globigerina bulloides continues to the present time. Investigations of uppermost Miocene/Pliocene planktonic as- semblages from other areas might show that another planktonic species with a more rigorously defined biostratigraphical occur- rence may prove to be a better zonal index. i PACIES: VARTATION IN: THE- UPPER’ TOCUYO AND POZON FORMATIONS There are some differences in the stratigraphical distribution of benthonic Foraminifera as recorded by H. H. Renz (1948) from his Loma Luca section and that noted by the writer in the study of the Pozon-E] Mene Road traverse. Most of these discrepancies in the Tocuyo and lower part of the Pozén formation do not ap- pear to be of importance from the point of view of biostratigraphi- cal interpretation. These minor variations in stratigraphical distri- bution are noted under “Occurrence” in the relevant parts of the Systematic Record associated with this work. However, in the upper part of the Pozén formation these discrepancies do become 82 BULLETIN 178 important. Thus the writer has noted the occurrence together of Marginulinopsis basispinosus (Cushman and Renz) with Valvuli- neria herrickt (Hadley) which was not recorded by Renz. Also, the occurrence of Valvulineria herricki is often only sporadic and seems to occur only under apparently limited ecological conditions. In general, it is often necessary to examine a number of samples from either a section or locality to decide, unambiguously, their position in the biostratigraphy of Renz. This is especially so in the upper part of the Pozon formation where the evidence suggests an approach to rhythmic or cyclic conditions of deposition. Before discussing some of these effects of variation of environ- ment on the stratigraphical distribution of benthonic Foraminifera it is useful to review the general conclusions drawn by Renz for the depositional conditions of the Tocuyo and Pozon formations. These conclusions are summarized below and show that there is an overall and generalized trend towards shallow-water conditions in the upper part of the Pozon formation. Zone (Renz, 1948) Robulus wallacei Zone Normal marine, open sea, deposi- (at El Mene) tion at medium depth (200-600 metres) along a continental shelf in tropical latitudes. Siphogenerina transversa Normal marine, open sea, deposi- Zone tion at medium depth (200-600 (at El Mene) metres) along a continental shelf in tropical latitudes. Globorotalia fohsi Zone Normal marine, open sea, deposi- (of Renz, 1948, at Pozén) tion at medium depth (200-600 metres) along a continental shelf in tropical latitudes. Valvulineria herrickit Zone Normal marine, open sea, deposi- (at Pozon) tion at medium depth (200-600 metres) along a continental shelf in tropical latitudes. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 83 Marginulinopsis basispinosus Normal marine, open sea, deposi- Zone tion at medium depth (200-600 (at Pozén) metres) along a continental shelf in tropical latitudes. Robulus senni Zone Normal marine environment at a (at Pozén) shallow depth (littoral-neritic) of about 100 metres in tropical lati- tudes. Vaginulinopsis swperbus- Normal marine environment at a Trochammina cf. pactfica shallow depth (littoral-neritic) of Zonule about 100 metres in tropical lati- (at Pozon) tudes. Textularia panamensis Zonule Normal marine environment at (at Pozon) shallow depths (neritic) of about 50 metres near a tropical coast. Elphidium poeyanum- Marine to brackish water lagoonal Reussella spinulosa condition with very shallow, warm Zonule water conditions. (at Pozén) (Note: For the equivalence of the planktonic zones to those of Renz—see Chart 1 and Map 4). The environmental conditions of the Robulus wallace1 Zone and the Siphogenerina transversa Zone as seen in the Pozon-F] Mene Road section at Pozon do not appear to be significantly dif- ferent from the conditions seen at El Mene and as summarized above. However, a noteworthy feature of these zones in the Pozon area is the occurrence of intervals with assemblages of mainly large agglutinated species often with complex wall and chamber struc- tures, such as: Cyclammina cancellata Brady, Alveovalvulinella pozonensis (Cushman and Renz), Gravellina narivaensis Bronni- mann, Valvulina flexis Cushman and Renz, Alveolophragmium spp., and robust species of Haplophragmoides. These assemblages are similar to the assemblages of the Nariva formation of southern Trinidad; but whereas the Nariva formation extends from the 84 BULLETIN 178 Globorotalia kugleri Zone through the Catapsydrax dissimilis Zone and into the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, in eastern Falcon the similar assemblages extend stratigraphically higher into the Globi- gertnatella insueta Zone (5.l.). Stainforth (1948a, 1952a) considered these assemblages of agglutinated species to indicate a_ turbid water environment and Kugler (1953) related this turbid environ- ment to the occurrence of turbidity flows in a subsiding trough. These assemblages of agglutinated forms from the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone and the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.). Tocuyo and Pozoén formations, occur several times and are sep- arated by assemblages of calcareous forms, often with abundant planktonics, suggestive of a depositional depth between 200 and 600 metres. The writer considers that these assemblages of robust and complex agglutinated species represent periods of localized deepening and downwarping with minor turbidity flows giving rise to temporary turbid conditions. This view is supported by obser- vations of Lowman (1949) who pointed out that certain aggluti- nated species (including Cyclammina) have an optimum depth occurrence of about 1400 metres in the Gulf of Mexico at the present day. Above the Marginulinopsis basispinosus Zone, Pozon forma- tion (2.e., above the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone) and within the intervals of the Robulus senna Zone and the Vaginulinopsis superbus-Trochammina cf. pacifica Zonule as well as in the Textularia panamensis Zonule there occur frequent repetitions of faunal assemblages in the Pozén-E] Mene Road section. In the Robulus senni Zone and in the Vaginulinopsis superbus- Trochammina cf. pacifica Zonule these repetitions consist of inter- vals with Uvigerina isidroensits Cushman and Renz, Bolivina im- porcata Cushman and Renz and Bolivina simplex Cushman and Renz, alternating with the “normal” zonal assemblages containing Robulus senm Cushman and Renz, Vaginulinopsis superbus (Cush- man and Renz), Cassidulina subglobosus Brady, Cibicides spp., Globigerina spp., and Globorotalia spp. In the Textularia panamensis Zonule a three-fold repetition occurs. Assemblages with Eponides parantillarum Galloway and Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 85 Heminway, Nonion iwncisus (Cushman), Cancris sagra (d’Orbigny ), Cibicides americanus (Cushman ), Globigerina spp., and Globorotalia spp. are followed by assemblages with Uvigerina tsidroensis Cush- man and Renz, Boliwina imporcata Cushman and Renz, and Bolivina simplex Cushman and Renz. This last assemblage is followed in turn by a mainly “arenaceous” assemblage with Textularia pana- mensis Cushman, Textularia pozonensis Cushman and Renz, and thin-walled Trochammina spp. It is considered that the Uvigerina istdroensis- Bolivina tmporcata-Bolivina simplex assemblage repre- sents an environment shallower than that represented by the as- semblage with the Eponides-Cancris-Cibicides-Globigerina-Globoro- talia fauna, but deeper than environment represented by the mainly “arenaceous” assemblage with Textularia panamensis-Textularia po- zonensis-T'rochammuina spp. It is because of this repetition of faunal assemblages that no clear distinction can be made between the Robulus senni Zone and the Vaginulinopsts superbus-Trochammina cf. pacifica Zonule in the Pozon-E] Mene Road section. A further point concerning the composition of the faunas throughout the upper Tocuyo and Pozén formations which needs clarification is the proportion of planktonic specimens to ben- thonic specimens present in each of the zones. Renz (1948) analysed the faunal composition of each of his zones by calculating the percentage of each foraminiferal family in the assemblage. This method of analysis depends on the number of species recognized in each genus belonging to the family and, since Renz recognized only a few planktonic species, the Orbulinidae and Globorotaliidae were, in general, underestimated. The writer made a count of the number of planktonic and benthonic specimens occuring in representative samples from each zone. The results of this count and Renz’s percentages of planktonic families are compared in the following table (Table 1):— BULLETIN 178 86 YOM siya JO SEPIUIINGIO = gF6T “ZUEY JO seprutsadiqo[gy 2704) a]nuo7 Ne Pl 607 Gc ef sehil a¥ PIUlIasIqo[yH sisuauvuog v14vjnI1Xa J VOL CACEG, dv PIULIaSIGO]L) auo7 snsouids Tool ciel 9L7 67L AVC SE pufELoIOqoTs) “ispg sisdouynurs.sv YY] Tals TEAS av plultasiqo[£) SUO7, Tea [ets 90¢ 656 HAS I gv pilyeIoIOgo[f) LYIUAIY VILIUIINGIV 6S %o6 £ av plULIasIgo]‘) (SF6I “ZU9Y JO) Veg [T:¢ Ich HUI 7avie ge pll[eIOIOGO[L) ouOZ wYyOf YIPVIO4NGOjH) Tooke YET — Feprlultasiqo[s) aUu0Z a0) Gil 8/7 L56 Aa | IVPI[LIOIOGO][HH VsSLAASUYA} DUulLaUaso ydusy %oOL cl LIV £76 ool av plulosiqo[£) QUOT 1990]I002 SNjNGOY Peters: phe foe ae ousaranees Be ae Seong acce d1U0} URL ory yO yunoy yo gunoy DIMORAUBLG JO % jo % ‘xoaddy [CITE Tocuryo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 87 Stainforth (1948a, p. 1320) made counts of planktonic and ben- thonic specimens for the Cipero formation of southern ‘Trinidad and gave the following results: — Zone II (Globigerinatella insueta Zone ) 2,197 pelagic to 37 benthonic specimens (59:1). Zone III (Globorotalia fohst Zone) 2,984 pelagic to 119 benthonic specimens (25:1). Stainforth (1948a. p. 1323) also gave the following percentages (no. of species and varieties as percentages of the Cipero fauna) Globigerinidae 4.7%, (= Orbulinidae of this work ) Globorotaliidae 1.6% but pointed out that these two families form more than 90°, of the fauna in number of specimens within the Cipero formation. Although the Cipero and Tocuyo/Pozon formations cannot be considered as having been deposited under similar conditions, the figures summarized above show that planktonic specimens are present both in sufficient numbers and variety in the sediments of the Tocuyo and Pozén formations to enable a correlation with the Cipero and Lengua formations of southern Trinidad to be made. IV. CORRELATION OF THE UPPER TOCUYO AND POZON FORMATIONS (EASTERN FALCON) WITH THE SOUTHERN TRINIDAD SUCCESSION Cushman and Stainforth (1945), Stainforth (1948a), Bron- nimann (1951), Suter (1951), Kugler (1953, 1954), Bolli (1950, 1951, 1957), and Higgins (1955), amongst other authors, have discussed various aspects of the stratigraphy of the post-Eocene deposits in southern Trinidad. The results of their studies is given in a generalized and diagrammatic form on the left-hand side of Chart | for sediments above the level of the Catapsydrax dissimilis Zone. The right-hand side of this same chart shows the lithostrati- graphy and benthonic biostratigraphy of H. H. Renz (1948) to- gether with the planktonic biostratigraphy for the upper part of the Tocuyo and Pozén formations. The correlation between the two areas can be regarded as being firmly established, for the sedi- ments of the two areas, between the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone and the top of the Globorotalia mayerit Zone (s.l.). BULLETIN 178 2) (oe) The Tocuyo and Pozén formations appear to have been de- posited under conditions of lower tectonic intensity as compared with the depositional conditions which seem to have operated in the area of southern Trinidad at this time. Both Kugler (1953) and Bolli (1957) refer to evidence within the upper Cipero formation and Lengua formation which suggests that penecontemporaneous large-scale slumping and turbidity flows occurred during the depo- sition of these formations, indicating tectonic movements of high intensity. These features, which relate to an environment of high tectonic intensity, appear to be absent in the Tocuyo and Pozoén formations. The lithofacies and biofacies of these latter formations suggest deposition over a continental shelflike area which was, in general, fairly stable. Because the Tocuyo and Pozén formations were deposited under fairly stable conditions and have subsequently not been much disturbed by post-depositional tectonics, it has been possible to add some further refinements to the planktonic biostratigraphy proposed by Bolli (1957) for southern Trinidad. Furthermore, whereas in southern Trinidad the mainly planktonic foraminiferal faunas of the Lengua formation are replaced upwards by the mainly agglutinated foraminiferal faunas of the Cruse and Forest forma- tions, in eastern Falcon and the Pozon formation continues with an abundant planktonic component to a much higher stratigraphical level. This has lead to the necessity of redefining the Globorotalia menardu menardu Zone as used by Bolli (1957) and earlier workers. In southern Trinidad, the upper limit of the Globorotalia menardu menardu Zone has been taken at the change of biofacies to mainly agglutinated faunas. It has long been recognized by workers in Trinidad that the upper surface of this Globorotalia menardu men- ardu Zone is diachronous since there is known to be an interdigita- tion and transition between the Lengua formation and the lower part of the overlying Cruse formation. Because of these factors, the writer uses the partial occurrence of Globigerina nepenthes Todd above the extinction of Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor to define a new interval, part of which is equivalent to the Globorotalia menardu menardu Zone of southern Trinidad. However, because of the well-established usage of the term “Globorotalia Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 89 menardii menardi’ the zone is designated the Globorotalia menardu menardti/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. It is worthy of note that the Lengua/lower Cruse transition beds (Bolli, 1951; Kugler, 1953) also contain Globigerina nepenthes (Bolli, 1957). The writer has also observed this species in occasional “streaks” of calcareous faunas seen in subsurface sections of the middle to upper Cruse formation in the Barrackpore area of southern Trinidad, but has not observed Globigerina nepenthes in some calcareous faunas as- sociated with the lower Forest Clay (Guapo beds—Suter, 1951 — base of the Forest formation, southern Trinidad). Hence, it is tentatively suggested that the major part of the Cruse formation lies within the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepen- thes Zone as defined from the Pozén formation. The writer has observed Sphaeroidinella seminulina seminulina (Schwager) in the calcareous facies of the lower Forest Clay of southern Trinidad and it seems likely that part, at least, of the Forest formation can be correlated with the interval ascribed to the Sphaeroidinella semtnulina Zone as defined in the Pozon formation. It is emphasized, however, that a correlation between southern Trinidad and eastern Falcén, above the level of the Lengua forma- tion, must still remain tentative owing to the lack of adequate planktonic faunas in the Cruse and Forest formations. Below the top of the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.) the cor- relation between the two areas may be regarded as well established, although the subdivision of the Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.l.) has not been recognized in Trinidad. It appears likely that a large part of the Globorotalia mayert/Globorotalia lenguaensis Subzone is missing in southern Trinidad, although it is noteworthy that Bolli (1957, fig. 18), showed Globigerina nepenthes as first appearing slightly above the base of his Globorotalia mayeri Zone in the Lengua formation. The Globorotalia mayert/Globorotalia lenguaen- sis Subzone may however be represented either in the mainly non- planktonic foraminiferal assemblages of the Karamat formation, or by the heterogenous assemblages of the Rio Claro Boulder bed (Suter, 1951; Kugler, 1953). An unconformity or disconformity 1s known to be present between the Cipero and Lengua formations in some areas of southern Trinidad (Kugler, 1953). 90 BULLETIN 178 Bolli (1957, p.101) pointed out that the previous study of the present writer (Blow, 1956) regarding the first occurrence of Globigerinoides bispherica within the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s..) would permit a further subdivision of this zone. This sub- division is formally proposed in the present work and two subzones are proposed within the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.) in eastern Falcon. As Bolli (1957) implied, the Globigerinatella in- sueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone and Globigerinatella insueta/ Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone can be recognized in southern Trinidad. V. TENTATIVE CORRELATION OF THE LOWER TOCUYO AND GUACHARACA FORMATIONS (EASTERN FALCON) WITH THE SOUTHERN TRINIDAD SUCCESSION Although this work is based essentially on the samples collected by R. Muhlemann from the Pozén-E] Mene Road traverse, and the main object of the study has been to achieve a correlation of the upper part of the Tocuyo formation and the Pozén formation with their equivalent sediments in southern Trinidad, other samples from the subsurface sections of Pozon Well No. 3 and El Mene Wells No. 7 and 47 (see Map 3) were also studied. These subsurface sections penetrate the lower part of the Tocuyo formation and most of the Guacharaca formation. It appears that the upper part of the “Uvigerinella” sparsico- stata Zone belonging to the lower part of the Tocuyo forma- tion (Renz, 1948, p.30) can be correlated with the basal part of the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone and the Catapsydrax dissimilis oe Zone. The lower part of the “Uvigerinella” sparsicostata Zone be- longing to the upper part of the Guacharaca formation probably correlates with the Globorotalia kugleri Zone ( Bolli, 1957). Finally, the middle and lower parts of the Guacharaca formation appear to be equivalent to the Globigerina ciperoensis ciperoensis Zone, Globorotalia opima opima Zone and the Globigerina ampliapertura Zone as established by Bolli for the lower part of the Cipero forma- tion of southern Trinidad (see Chart 4). Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 91 CHART 4. Provisional Correlation of the lower Part of the Tocuyo and Guacharaca Formations. PLANKTONIC BIOZONES (Bolli 1957) FORMATIONS (As established for the L.Cipero Formation) E. FALCON Catapsydrax dtssimilis Zone SAN LORENZO FORMATION sparstcostata Zone MIOCENE (AQUITANIAN) Globorotalia kugleri Zone "Ovigerinella” Globigerina ciperoensts ctperoensis Zone Globorotalia opima opima Zone OLIGOCENE z= ° - =< = ro fo) es < oO < feng < =x Ss) <= = oO Globigerina ampliapertura Zone CERRO MISION Tocuyo should be substituted for San Lorenzo formation 92 BULLETIN 178 VE AGE OF THE FGUACHARACA FOCUYO, AND POZON FORMATIONS Renz (1948, pp. 50-55) considered his Siphogenerina transversa Zone to extend from the upper Chattian to the lower Aquitanian. Both these stages were ascribed to the upper Oligocene so that the boundary between the Tocuyo and Pozén formations was considered to occur within the upper Oligocene. Recent work by Eames (1953), Drooger (1956), Eames and Clarke (1957), and the present writer ( Blow, 1957) has shown that the ages ascribed by Renz need some modification. Eames and Clarke (1957) and Blow (1957) have pointed out that Orbulina appears for the first time in the uppermost Aquitanian in various parts of the world including the East African and Medi- terranean regions, whilst the first occurrence of this form has also been shown to occur in the upper part of the Globigerinatella imsu- eta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone in both southern Trinidad and eastern Falcon (Blow, 1956). Blow (1957) also pointed out that the planktonic faunas seen in the Aquitanian and Burdigalian of Sicily and Malta can be matched in Trinidad and Venezuela and he has correlated the Burdigalian/Aquitanian boundary as seen in Sicily and Malta with the boundary between the Globorotalia fohsi barisanensits Zone and the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (5.l.) of the Caribbean region. Blow (1957) also reviewed evidence given by Ruscelli (1956) from the Rio Mainia section in Italy and ten- tatively correlated the Helvetian/Burdigalian boundary with the boundary between the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and the Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.l.). This correlation was based essentially on the record by Ruscelli of Glo- borotalia mayeri in the Burdigalian and its absence in the Helvetian of the Rio Mainia section. However, Ruscelli (1953, p.165) recorded Globorotalia mayert Cushman and Ellisor in the Helvetian of Rio Mazzapiedi-Castel- lania in Italy where it occurs with Globorotalia menardu menardu. The writer also notes that Ruscelli (1956) did not record this latter sepcies from the Burdigalian of the Rio Mainia, and he, therefore, Tocuyo AND Pozon ForRMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 93 now tentatively places the Helvetian/Burdigalian boundary at the top of the Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone in the Caribbean (see Chart 1), since Globorotalia menardii menardii (d’Orbigny) first appears only in the upper part of this interval. The writer has not observed Globorotalia mayeri in the Tor- tonian of Sicily, but has observed Globorotalia acostaensis Blow sp. nov. commonly in this interval. Since Globorotalia acostaensis shows some resemblance to Globorotalia mayeri, it is possible that records of the latter species in the Tortonian (i.¢., Giannotti, 1953) may be incorrect and possibly referable to Globorotalia acostaensis. The writer now points out that the origin and first occurrence of Globorotalia acostaensis is above the extinction of Globorotalia mayeri, in sediments now regarded by the writer as being equivalent to the Vindobonian. Furthermore, Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny, as distinct from Globigerina praebulloides Blow, sp. nov., has only been seen in Tor- tonian strata in Sicily, not in earlier Miocene stages. In this study it is also pointed out that Globigerina bulloides develops from Glo- bigerina praebulloides in the middle part of the Globorotalia men- ardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone in eastern Falcén. Again the writer has observed Sphaeroidinella seminulina seminulina (Schwager) and Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subdehiscens Blow, sub- sp. nov. in the Tortonian of Sicily, but has not observed Globigerina nepenthes Todd in this interval. Finally, Blow (1957) pointed out that Globigerina ciperoensis ciperoensis Bolli has been found in Sicily within the lower part of the Aquitanian as defined by the occurrence together of Miogypsina globulina (Michelotti) (= Miogypsina irregularis (Michelotti)— an invalid name, (fide Dr. F. E. Eames) and Miogypsinella [Mio- gypsinoides| complanata (Schlumberger), and he regarded at least part of the Globigerina ciperoensis ciperoensis Zone of the Caribbean as belonging to the Aquitanian which, in agreement with Eames (1953), is here considered to be lower Miocene. Hence, based on the conclusions of Eames and Clarke CLO57) and the writer’s studies, it is considered that the Guacharaca forma- tion should be regarded as Oligocene with some lower Aquitanian (basal Miocene) in its upper part. The Tocuyo formation comes a 94 BULLETIN 178 little higher in the Aquitanian, and the Pozon formation extends from uppermost Aquitanian throughout the Burdigalian into the Vindobonian (see Charts 1 and 4). VII. EVOLUTION OF SOME OLIGOCENE AND MIOCENE GLOBOROTALIIDAE AND ORBULINIDAE Following the extinction of the characteristic, and often mor- phologically complex, Eocene planktonic Foraminifera, such as Hant- kemna, Truncorotaloides, Globigerinatheka barri Bronnimann, and Porticulasphaera mexicana (Cushman), there is a considerable re- duction in the number of species belonging to the Orbulinidae and Globorotaliidae. Only a few species of these families persists from the upper Eocene to the lower Oligocene. With the excevtion of Catapsydrax, these lower Oligocene forms are of comparatively simple morphology. The reduction in planktonic foraminiferal species at the Eocene- Oligocene boundary is cnly surpassed in intensity by the almost complete break at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. In a similar way to the primitive lower Paleocene Globigerina and Globorotalia fauna, it is found that the lower Oligocene planktonic foraminiferal fauna rapidly begins to expand again into numerous new species and genera. The cause of such catastrophic reductions of certain faunal groups may possibly have been occasioned by comparatively minor, although world-wide, changes in environmental condition, such as a sudden lowering of mean sea temperature. The most remarkable reduction in number of species at the end of the Eocene occurs within the Globorotaliidae. In the Carib- bean area, it appears that only one species of Globorotalia persists in the lower Oligocene, 1.e., Globorotalia opima Bolli. This species appears to be the ancestor of the lineage shown on Text-Figure 1 (Lineage I). In the lower Aquitanian (Catapsydrax dissimilis Zone), Globorotalia scitula praescitula Blow is first observed and this form is believed to be the ancestor of the lineage shown on Text-Figure 2 (Lineage II). However, the origin of Globorotalia scitula praescitula itself, and the origins of some other uppermost Oligocene or lowermost Miocene species of Globorotalia, such as Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 95 Globorotalia obesa Bolli and Globorotalia kugleri Bolli, are still not clear. Amongst the apparently unspecialized Globigerina species which exist either in upper Oligocene or lowermost Miocene times are Globigerina praebulloides Blow, Globigerina juvenilis Bolli, and Globigerina cf. trilocularis d’Orbigny (of Bolli, 1957), these forms seem to be the respective ancestors of the lineages shown on Text- Figures 3, 4 and 5 (Lineages III, IV and V). In the discussion of the lineages below, only the main features of the evolutionary series are noted; further details are given in the appropriate parts of the “Systematic Record” where some other possible evolutionary inter-relationships are noted in addition. LINEAGE I (See Text-Fig. 1) Three branches of this lineage are distinguished:— (1) Globorotalia opima (sl.) — Globorotalia acostaensts, Branch (11) Globorotalia opima (s.l.) — Globorotalia mayer, Branch (in) Globorotalia mayeri — Globorotalia fohsi (s.l.), Branch Branch (1)—Globorotalia opima nana Bolli is a small form with four to five chambers in the last whorl; they are spherical in shape inflated, and rather embracing. Globorotalia opima opima Bolli de- veloped first as a short-lived independent off-shoot from Globoro- talia opima nana; the evolution to Globorotalia opima opima being characterized by a considerable increase in size of the test and the coiling becoming slightly tighter. Globorotalia opima continuosa Blow develops from Globoro- talia opima nana Bolli in the basal part of the Catapsydrax stain- fortht Zone. The two forms are closely related but Globorotalia opima continuosa differs from Globorotalia opima nana in having a more strongly arched aperture with a more distinctive lip, and also in having ovate or subspherical chambers as compared with the spherical chambers of Globorotalia opima nana. ‘The BULLETIN 178 96 (seteos 0% A{3Z9147S 3ON) “I abeou!t "tT asnbij-3xel 3NIIOINW 3N3Z909110 Nv¥livolauns NVINVLIINOV NVINOSOONIA +— stsuapysoop 041040409019 1 yoursg) Durdo DuIgGO 141070409019 NRO eae oat pupu vuzgo 111040409019 (1) youesg) 3420kDm 047070409019 Sere, pes 141040409019 jv } sysuaupspung tsyof 041030409079 ! psonus4zuoo pwrgo 041040409019 psyof +syof Sees (11) youesg) J ae 130901 zSyof 041040409019 9° YD 2 ee gS |pysngos zSyof 041030409019 > a Pe | Or? oe Nf ~ e 2 9 © Tocuyo anp Pozon ForMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLow 97 test of “continuosa” remains thick but tends to become parallel- sided. Globorotalia acostaensis Blow develops from Globorotalia opima continuosa in the Globorotalia menardii menardu/Globi- gerina nepenthes Zone after the extinction of Globorotalia mayert Cushman and Ellisor. The evolution of Globorotalia acostaensis from Globorotalia opima continuosa is characterized by an in- crease in size of the test which remains thick or even becomes relatively thicker; the number of chambers in the last whorl in- creases, and the chambers become much inflated and broad. Further, the apertural lip of Globorotalia acostaensis is usually even more well developed than it is in Globorotalia opima continuosa. Branch (11).—The evolution of Globorotalia mayert Cushman and Ellisor from Globorotalia opima nana Bolli is characterized by an increase in size of the test which becomes relatively thinner; the number of chambers in the last whorl also increases, the chambers becoming less inflated and narrow. The apertural lip of Globorotalia mayert 1s not strongly developed. Although the same general evolutionary trends prevailed in the evolution of Globorotalia mayert and Globorotalia acostaensis. there are considerable differences of detail especially in regard to chamber shape and relative dimensions of the test. Furthermore, the trends operated at two distinctly different intervals of time. Branch (11)—Bolli (1957, p.118) suggested that Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis (LeRoy) might have developed from Globorotalia mayert Cushman and Ellisor in the Catapsydrax dissimilis Zone. The present writer regards this origin for Globorotalia fohsi baris- anensis as being most likely. The derivation of Globorotalia fohst barisanensis from Globorotalia mayert involves the chambers be- coming more tangentially elongate and the sutures of the spiral side becoming more strongly curved. The subsequent evolution of the Globorotalia fohsi group, with the gradual attainment of an acute periphery which in turn becomes keeled, has been discussed by Bolli (1950). LINEAGE II (see Text-Fig. 2) Three branches of this lineage are distinguished :— BULLETIN 178 98 “DUI peel DUTY 01/0} 04040] *) JO J (POLS OF ALVIS S@f))} “Tl afeoulq *Z asnbBy s-yxKalt JNJIIOINW WV INOBOQGNIA NVitlvoiqung NVINVIINOYV D94uU2901M 44D4DUSM D}1D10109019 Yo, “t/ 1S) Nba (ig, Sal, Ceres I vow 34 DiDUaw D}1030109019 29 Ps, May 1 P8y B |, Yau? Jo (11 yoursg) oC) oy p) t+P4spUuauaDsd 44 PiDUusw D171010109019 stsuarspupo *f9 111030109019 FPDDUABOAYIID 44pipuem 0410320409099 (Lae e $0 UO}}!S|Nboy :330N) (} youesg) DIRT TOE BING 12S) 011040200018 D1NI 20988044 D1NJ49S 141030409019 ge (! youesg) pususu 23401010907) paqunss3 11n449s 1410301409019 (11) youesg) —? s}suavndua, 14+1p404090]) (1994 qULey e yO UO!z!SINboy :az0N) Tocuyo AND Pozon ForMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 99 (1) Globorotala scitula (sl.) — Globorotalia cf. canariensis, Branch (11) Globorotalia scitula praescitula — Globorotalia menardu ¢s:7), Branch (iu) Globorotalia scitula praescitula > Globorotalia minima > — Globorotalia lenguaensis, Branch Branch (1).—Globorotalia scitula praescitula Blow has rather elon- gate chambers as seen from the spiral side and a subacute axial periphery, as well as a distinctly convex to rather vaulted umbilical side. Globorotalia scitula scitula (Brady) develops from “praesci- tula” by the gradual attainment of a more equally biconvex test and a less lobate equatorial periphery; also, the chambers become almost hemispherical as seen from the spiral side and relatively less elongate tangentially as compared with their breadth. Globoro- talia scitula gigantea Blow develops in turn from Globorotalia sci- tula scitula (Brady), mainly by a considerable increase in test size and by the test becoming virtually equally biconvex. Forms which are referred to in this study as Globorotalia cf. canariensis (d’Orbigny) appear to develop from Globorotalia sci- tula scitula (Brady) by the development of a thin but distinctive keel and by the test becoming more compressed. Branch (1).—Globorotalia menardii archeomenardu (Bolli) appears to develop from Globorotalia scitula praescitula Blow by the attain- ment of rather angular rhomboidal-shaped chambers as seen from the side view. The periphery gradually becomes increasingly acute and ineventually a thin keel appears on the last few chambers, this keel subsequently extending throughout the whole test. Globorotalia menardu praemenardu (Cushman and Stainforth) developed from “archeomenardw by the attainment of a more lobate equatorial periphery and more chambers as well as a more rapidly opening spire. Globorotalia menardu menardu (dOrbigny) developed from “praemenardu’ by the gradual development of raised sutures on the spiral side and a much more massive keel. Globorotalia menardu miocenica Palmer evolved from Globorotalia menardu menardu by the development of a strongly vaulted umbilical side and a flat spiral side. 100 BULLETIN 178 Branch (1t)—Globorotalia minima (Akers) appears to develop from Globorotalia scitula praescitula Blow by the adoption of a less lobate equatorial periphery and the acquisition of more chambers in the last whorl. The last two chambers remain elongate tangen- tially, but the early chambers become almost equally as broad as long. Globorotalia lenguaensis Bolli is considered to have developed from Globorotalia minima by the adoption of a more circular equa- torial profile with the spire opening less rapidly so that all the chambers are almost equally as broad as long. The axial periphery becomes subacute to acute and a faint keel may develop on some or all of the chambers in specimens of Globorotalia lenguaensis from stratigraphically higher horizons. LINEAGE III (see Text-Fig. 3) Two branches of this lineage are distinguished:— (1) Globigerina praebulloides — Globigerina parabulloides, Branch (1) Globigerina praebulloides > Globigerina bulloides > — Globigerina apertura, Branch Branch (i).—Globigerina praebulloides Blow has a weakly trocho- spiral test with four to five chambers in the last whorl. The cham- bers are appressed, slightly embracing, and increase fairly rapidly in size as added, so that the equatorial profile is ovate. The aperture is not strongly arched and is without a lip or distinctly thickened rim. Globigerina parabulloides Blow developed from “praebulloides” by the adoption of a smaller aperture which possesses a distinct lip or thickened rim. The equatorial profile remains distinctly elon- gate in the direction of the last chamber. Branch (u)—Globtigerina bulloides dVOrbigny developed from Glo- bigerina praebulloides by the adoption of a more highly arched aperture, a more strongly trochospiral test, a deeper umbilicus, and chambers which increase regularly but not rapidly in size as added, so that the equatorial profile is subcircular. Globigerina apertura Cushman developed from Globigerina bulloides by the coiling be- coming looser so that the umbilicus becomes wider, and also by the aperture becoming highly arched with a distinct thickened rim. 101 BLow Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA (ateos 03 ALY9147S5 YON) “Tl a6eould JNFIIOIN NWVINOSOGNIA NvVidTvOIlaqung tt 5974011 NQD4Dd 1u449539019 (1 wouesg) a | Sapzo yi ngensg 1uzsad3Q019 4——__ P0119 04342549019 (11) |Youesg) pinjsado 1uz4934Q019 NVINVYLINOYV "€ o4NBig-yxal 3N3909170 $9p3011NQansd Duz4953Q019 102 BULLETIN 178 LINEAGE IV _ (see Text-Fig. 4) Two branches are distinguished within this lineage: — (1) Globigerina juvenilis > Globigerinita naparimaensis ( 5.l.), Branch (1) Globigerinita naparimaensis (s.1.), > ? — Globigerinatella insueta, Branch Branch (1).—Globigerina juvenilis Bolli has three to four in- flated chambers in the last whorl and the narrow, elongate and slit- like aperture possesses a distinctive lip. Globigerinita naparimaensis incrusta (Akers) appears to have developed from Globigerina quven- wis by the apertural lip of this latter form becoming attached to the ventral surface of the opposing chamber and forming a bulla which, however, only has infralaminal apertures in line with the sutures of the primary chambers. Globigerinita naparimaensis nap- arimaensis Bronnimann developed from “imcrusta” by the bulla be- coming more inflated and embracing more of the primary chambers, and also by the adoption of infralaminal apertures in the suture between the bulla and the primary chambers; it also retains the infralaminal apertures in line with the sutures between the primary chambers. It is considered possible that the evolution Globigerina juvenilis — Globigerinita naparimaensis incrusta > — Globigerinita naparimaensis naparimaensis may have occurred a number of times throughout the Miocene in a repetitive and heterochronous manner. Further details of this possible repetitive evolution are discussed in the “Systematic Record.” Branch (u).—It seems likely that Globigerinatella imsueta Cushman and Stainforth developed from Globigerimta naparimaen- sis naparimaensis Bronnimann. Some early forms of Globigerinatella imsueta show only a single “primary” bulla without “secondary” bullae, either in the form of areal pustules or collar-like growths, although the primary chambers are embracing. Dissection of these early forms also shows that there are multiple apertures in the primary chambers, so that there is no longer one single primary aperture as seen in Globigerinita, but supplementary sutural and areal apertures as well. It is believed that the following trends have 103 BLow Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: (ateos 04 41491438 30N) “AT aBeouly “kh 94n614-yxaL JNJIOINW NVINOSOGNIA NVITvVOlaung NVINVIINOV <2— —t- 6}1,uUennf vut428;9019 St1puaanf 0uz42d3Q9019 DYSNs0Uu4 SpSuapuzsvdou 04111%19939019 (! youeig) SPSUSDUZ4NdDU StSUaDUtIDFDY 07 4uU34091901) / (1! youesg) NY v pyensut 211490u340519019 ¢—2-é- 104 BULLETIN 178 occurred in the evolution of Globigerinatella insueta from Globi- gerinita naparimaensis naparimaensis:— (a) Primary chambers become embracing. (b) The single primary aperture of Globigerinita becomes multiple, z.e., adoption of supplementary apertures of two kinds:— (1) Supplementary apertures in the sutural positions between the primary chambers. (11) Supplementary apertures in the area of the primary chambers. (c) Possible adoption of areal apertures in the area of the primary bulla. (d) “Secondary” bullae develop which may either take the form of pustule-like growths or collar-like growths which may cover part of both the primary chambers and the primary bulla. LINEAGE V (see Text-Fig. 5) Two major branches are distinguished within this lineage:— Globigerinoides 7 rubra (1) Globigerina cf. trilocularts - Globigerinoides triloba ‘\ (G2); Branch Globigerinoides obliqua (11) Globigerina cf. trilocularis — Globigerinotdes triloba (sl.) > ~”_ Biorbulina — Globigerinoides bispherica, Branch \, Orbulina Branch (1).—Bolli (1957) recorded a form which he considered as comparing well with the figures given by Fornasini of d’Orbigny’s Globigerina trilocularts. Bolli (1957, p.110) pointed out that in the Globorotalia kugleri Zone (= Lower Aquitanian) of southern Trinidad, specimens of Globigerina cf. trilocularis and Globigert- noides triloba immatura LeRoy are indistinguishable except that 105 BLow LA NEZUE ly Tocuyo anp Pozon Formations \ r (aleos 04 A(49!144S 10N) “A abeauly *G a4n6!4-yxaL INJIOIW 3N3909110 NViTvSiauns NVINVIINOV ——._ 3 tq.uig ps aN. Diapygsnjns14404 x D234944¢S29 Saptoursas3q019 cs (11 D440}14SUD41 Dianydsn1NnI14107 youesg) 1901443 0901449 Sap1our41a539019 SSS Ee D4ninuus 0901447 Sapr0u1495919019 <— si14njn001144 ‘fo Du1490919019 TTT 9494119908 09014441 Sap}0ur42919019 A (soinqiade Asejuawatddns yo volzisinboe ayy OO onb41Q0 Sap10uz4993Q019 saqyesysn({! | youerg :930N) (! youesg) D4N4494gD411D0 0901444 Sapi0ur419914q901 | *~ y Digns $aptouzs49ad3Q019 106 BULLETIN 178 LeRoy’s form possesses supplementary sutural apertures. A similar relationship has also been seen in the Globorotalia kugleri Zone of eastern Falcon. In the early forms of Globigerinoides triloba immatura, supplementary apertures are only present in the suture between the last and penultimate chambers, but in specimens from stratigraphically higher horizons supplementary apertures appear in the sutures between the penultimate and earlier chambers. The apertures of Globigerinoides triloba immatura are only slightly arched, and this form has a last chamber which only slightly em- braces the earlier part of the test; the last chamber 1s_ slightly smaller in volume than the rest of the earlier chambers combined. Globigerinoides triloba sacculifera (Brady) developed from Globigerinoides triloba immatura by the production of an elongate, saclike last chamber which has a slightly higher arched primary aperture. Globigerinoides triloba altiapertura Bolli appears also to have developed from Globigerinoides triloba immatura by the adoption of rounded and highly arched primary and supplementary apertures; also by the chambers becoming slightly more inflated and better separated one from the other. Globigerinoides obliqua Bolli is con- sidered to have developed from Globigerinoides triloba altiapertura in the basal part of the Catapsydrax dissimilis Zone by developing an elongate aperture which, however, remains fairly highly arched; the early chambers remain spherical, but later chambers become laterally compressed in an oblique manner. Globigerinoides rubra (d’Orbigny) is considered possibly to have originated from Globigerinoides triloba altiapertura by the reduction of the number of chambers in the last whorl to 3 from the usual 3% to 4 which are present in the last whorl of Globiger- noides triloba altiapertura. At the same time, the primary and sup- plementary apertures become symmetrically placed with respect to the suture between the earlier chambers. Later forms of Globi- gerinoides rubra show a tendency to become rather high-spired. Branch (ii).—Globigerinoides triloba triloba (Reuss) de- veloped from Globigerinoides triloba immatura LeRoy by the last chamber gradually embracing more of the earlier test and by the primary and supplementary apertures becoming completely slitlike Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 107 and more elongate as compared with the slightly arched apertures of “immatura’. Blow (1956) discussed the evolution of Globigeri- noides bispherica Todd from Globigerinoides triloba triloba, and also the evolution of Biorbulina and Orbulina from ‘Todd’s species via Porticulasphaera transitoria and Porticulasphaera glomerosa, respectively. Vili SOME NOTES ‘ON, THE TAXONOMY OF THE FORAMINIFERA (a) Benthonic Foraminifera. Although the present biostratigraphical studies made by the writer for the Tocuyo and Pozén formations have been largely concerned with the stratigraphical distribution of planktonic Fora- minifera, it was found to be necessary to analyse the benthonic foraminiferal content of each sample in the section so as to arrive at a direct correlation between the two types of foraminiferal bio- stratigraphies. During this study the opportunity has been taken to examine and, where necessary, revise the taxonomy of the benthonic fauna as proposed by H. H. Renz in 1948. In general, Renz’s taxonomy has been maintained with few exceptions. The most important changes are listed below whilst some other minor changes are noted in the relevant parts of the “Systematic Record”:— Blow Renz (1948) Alveovalvulinella Liebusella pozonensis pozonensis Alveolophragmium? Haplophragmoides carinatum carinatum Alveolophragmium Haplophragmoides emaciatum venezuelanum Bolivina pseudobeyrichi Bolwina alata Glandulina laevigata Pseudoglandulina laevigata Gyroidinoides altiformis Gyrotdinoides soldanu altiformis Gyroidinoides cf. zealandica Gyroidinoides cf. soldanu Nodosaria caribbeana Nodosaria raphanistrum car- tbbeana 108 BULLETIN 178 Nodosaria comatus Pseudoglandulina comatula Pseudonodosaria incisa Pseudoglandulina incisa Rectoglandulina gallowayi pauci- Pseudoglandulina gallowayi costata paucicostata Stilostomella verneult Ellipsonodosaria? verneult Vaginulina sublituus Astacolus sublituus In addition to these changes, the following benthonic Fora- minifera were observed in the Pozon-E] Mene Road section but were not mentioned by Renz in 1948:— Ammodiscus muhlemanni Blow, sp. nov. Gravellina narivaensis Bronnimann Lagena asperoides Galloway and Morrey Lagena nuttalli Galloway and Heminway Lagenonodosaria acostaensis Blow, sp. nov. Uvigerina cubana Palmer and Bermudez The stratigraphical distribution of the benthonic Foraminifera observed in the Pozén-E] Mene Road section is given on Chart 2. (b) Planktonic Foramintfera Recently, Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan (1957) made a detailed revision of the taxonomy of the planktonic Foraminifera. With one minor exception, their recommendations are followed in this work. These authors also made recommendations as to the terminology used in the description of the morphology of the planktonic forms. These recommendations are also closely followed. SYSTEMATIC RECORD All holotypes, paratypes, and hypotypes, as well as any other figured specimens, have been deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. The classification followed in this Systematic Record is based upon that proposed by Cushman (1950) but with some modifica- tions due to recent work by various authors. The main changes affect the classification of the planktonic Foraminifera where the recom- mendations of Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan (1957) are followed with the exception of the taxonomic position of the genus Hastigerinella. Hastigerinella is, in this work, placed in the family Globorotaliidae. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 109 Phylum PROTOZOA Order FORAMINIFERA Family AMMODISCIDAE Genus AMMODISCUS Reuss, 1861 Ammodiscus ineertus (d’Orbigny) Operculina incerta d’Orbigny, 1839, “Foraminiferes”, in de la Sagra, Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de ile Cuba, p. 49, pl. 6, figs. 16, 17 (fide Ellis and Messina. 1940 eft seq.). Ammodiscus incertus (d’Orbigny), (Cushman), 1918, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104 pte de py 95) ple 39 setiss: 1-8: Remarks:—Species shows wide variation, partly due to the type of material incorporated in the test; spiral suture usually distinct and the second chamber rounded in cross-section. Hypotype:—From Sample No. RM 19180, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625734. Occurence:—Occurs mainly in arenaceous facies faunas of the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.) but also as isolated specimens in the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (sJ.) and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Ammodiscus muhlemanni Blow, sp. nov. Pl. 6, figs. la-b Diagnosis:—Test small, usually compressed, agglutinated, but with much calcareous cement; proloculum small and _ indistinct, followed by an undivided or nonconstricted second chamber form- ing a planispiral coil of about 7 to 10 whorls. The second chamber, which only increases slowly in size, has a rounded cross-section. Spiral suture usually distinct; wall smoothly finished and almost translucent; maximum diameter of holotype, 0.42 mm. Remarks:—This form is usually observed deformed and com- pressed, but occasional specimens indicate that the cross-section of the second chamber is round. The adventious material selected is fine-grained, and the form has a characteristic translucent appear- ance. Holotype:—From Sample No. RM 19180, auger line near Po- zon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, figs. la-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625691. 110 BULLETIN 178 Occurrence:—This form seems to be restricted to mainly “are- naceous facies faunas” of the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.) Tucuyo and Pozon formations. Also observed in the Nariva forma- tion of southern Trinidad. Genus GLOMOSPIRA Rzehak, 1888 Glomospira gordialis (Jones and Parker) Glomospira gordialis (Jones and Parker), Cushman, 1928, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 4, p. 87, figs. 7-8. Hypotype:—From Sample, No. RM 19283, auger line near Po- zon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625736. Occurrence:—Scarce, observed in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s./.); also infrequently in samples from the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (sJ.) and Globorotaha mayeri Zone (5.1), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Family LITUOLIDAE Genus ALVEOLOPHRAGMIUM Stschedrina, 1936 Alveolophragmium? carinatum (Cushman and Renz) Haplophragmoides carinatum Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Honams es Contire aviolenl/pmptalsm pen 2eampler al sechionmlle Remarks:—Alveolophragmium? carinatum differs from Alveolo- phragmium venezuelanum Mayne in the larger number of chambers and somewhat more compressed test which has a distinctly keeled periphery. The sutures are slightly raised. The specimens observed do not show details of the aperture but appear to have a labyrinthic or alveolar wall structure and are, therefore, referred tentatively to the genus Alveolophragmium Stschedrina, 1936. The specimens also appear identical to Cushman and Renz’s species. Hypotype:—From Sample, No. RM 19136, auger line near Po- zon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625737. Occurrence:—Occurs mainly in arenaceous facies faunas from the Catapsydax stainforthi Zone, and in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), but, occasional specimens have been observed in all zones below the base of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 111 Alveolophragmium yenezuelanum Mayne Pl. 6, fig. 2 No» Haplophragmium emaciatum Brady, 1884, Challenger Exped. Rept., Zool., vol. 9, pt. 22, p. 305, pl. 33, figs. 26-28. Haplophragmoides emaciatum R.nz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 142, pl. I, figs. 6a-b. Alveolophragmium venezuelanum Maync, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram., Res., Contr., vol. III, pts. 3 & 4, p. 142, pl. 26, figs. 1-3, 5. Remarks:—Mayne (1952) transferred Renz’s (1948) species to the genus Alveolophragmium Stschedrina and considered this species to be distinct from that described by Brady (1884). The specimens observed by the writer are similar to those illustrated by Renz (1948, p.142) and show clearly the alveolar nature of the test wall. Hypotype:—From Sample, No. RM 19136, auger line near Po- zon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, fig. 2, deposited in U.S.N.M. collec- tion, No. 625739. Occurrence:—Generally scarce throughout the upper part of the Tocuyo formation and in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (sJl.) and Globorotaha fohsi “Zone” (s.1.), Pozon formation. Genus AMMOBACULITES Cushman, 1910 Ammobaculites cf. strathearnensis Cushman and LeRoy cf. Ammobaculites strathearnensis Cushman and LeRoy, 1938, Jour. Pal.. vol. 12, No. 2, p. 122, pl. 22, figs. 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et. seq.). Ammobaculites cf. strathearnensis Cushman and LeRoy, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 113, pl. 1, figs. 7,8. Remarks:—This species shows a rather wide variation in mor- phology, especially in the degree to which the last few chambers uncoil and in the depth of the umbilicus. Test compressed; wall structure smooth, composed of fine grains. Hypotype:—From~ sample, No. RM 19136, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625740. Occurrence:—Occurs rarely, mainly in arenaceous facies faunas from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and in the Globi- gerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.). Occasional specimens have been observed throughout the Globorotaha fohsit Zone (s./.), and pos- sibly in the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations . 112 BULLETIN 178 Genus CYCLAMMINA Brady, 1876 Cyclammina ecancellata Brady Cyclammina cancellata Brady, 1884, Challenger Exped. Rept., Zool., vol. 9, Pe Sole pilesietips. S16 Remarks:—Both Glaessner (1945) and Cushman (1950) refer to the labyrinthic interior of this genus. Bronnimann (1951c) sug- gested that the term “labyrinthic” should not be used in connection with this form and described the interior as being subdivided into regularly arranged alveoles normal to the outer cortex. Mayne (1952, p.48), however, retained the term “labyrinthic” and pointed out that the attribute “labyrinthic” should be applied only to the wall and septal structure and not to the complex nature of the actual chambers. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19180, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625741. Occurrence:— Occurs in variable abundance in the Tocuyo and Poz6én formations below the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone but particularly common in the Globigerinatella insueta (s.l.), where it occurs in arenaceous facies faunas and often associated with comparatively rich, mainly planktonic faunas. It has been suggested that an abundance of this species indi- cates a deepwater turbid environment (Kugler, 1953). Genus HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES Cushman, 1910 Haplophragmoides coronatum (Brady) Trochammina coronata Brady, 1879, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., London, vol. 19, p. 58, pl. 5, fig. 15 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Remarks:—This species is always observed much deformed, but appears to be planispirally coiled throughout. Hypotype—From sample, No. RM 19181, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625743. Occurrence:—Occurs mainly in arenaceous facies faunas from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Family TEXTULARIIDAE Genus TEXTULARIA Defrance, 1824 Textularia crassisepta Cushman Textularia crassisepta Cushman, 1911, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, p. 24, text- fig. 41 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940, ef seq.). Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 113 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19279, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625744. Occurrence:—Scarce, but observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.), Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.) and in the lower to middle part of the Sphaeroidinella semi- nulina Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Textularia exeavata Cushman Textularia excavata Cushman, 1913, U.S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 44, No. 1973, p. 634, pl. 79, fig. 5 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Hypotype:—From sample No. RM 19279, auger line near Po- zon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625746. Occurrence:—Scarce, only seen in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), and Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Textularia isidroensis Cushman and Renz Textularia isidroensis Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr. a vol-niiy pt. 1, pe 4cepll 1atie. 7: Hypotype:—From sample No. RM _ 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625748. Occurrence:—Scarce, only seen in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s5.l.), and Globorotala fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Textularia leuzingeri Cushman and Renz Textularia leuzingeri Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Conti voll /faptalp as eplaiachioa: Hypotype:—From sample No. RM _ 19180, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection No. 625749. Occurrence:—Scarce, only seen in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insweta Zone (s.l1.) and Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Textularia panamensis Cushman IP, To tbls 33 Textularia panamensis Cushman, 1918, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 103, p. 63, pl. 20, fig. 1 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Hypotype:—From sample No. 20131, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 7, fig. 3, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625750. 114 BULLETIN 178 Occurrence:—Scarce in the lower part of the Sphaerotdinella seminulina Zone but becomes common in the middle to upper part of this zone and in the lower part of the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Textularia pozonensis Cushman and Renz Textularia pozonensis Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr, volo Wi7) pti ips 4a plete tic a6: Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 20131, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625752. Occurrence:—Scarce in the lower part of the Sphaerotdinella seminulina Zone but becomes common in the middle to upper part of this zone and in the lower part of the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Genus VULVULINA dOrbigny, 1826 Vulvulina spinosa miocenica Cushman Vulvulina spinosa Cushman var. miocenica Cushman, 1932, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 8, p. 80, pl. 10, fig. 10 (fide Renz, 1948). Vulvulina spinosa Cushman var. miocenica Cushman, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer, Mem. 32. 1p. 179) ple We fie. 1 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625753. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén forma- tions. Family VERNEUILINIDAE Genus GAUDRYINA dOrbigny, 1839 Gaudryina leuzingeri Cushman and Renz Gaudryina leuzingeri Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr, voll ptathy ps Oveiio= 15, Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625755. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in a few samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.) and Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Gaudryina thalmanni Cushman and Renz Gaudryina thalmanni Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr vole L/saptat) (psi/, tig. 4- Tocuyo AND PozonN FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 115 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19265, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625756. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in a few samples from the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone, Pozén formation. Subgenus PSEUDOGAUDRYINA Cushman, 1936 Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina) bullbrooki Cushman Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina) bullbrooki Cushman, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Pub. No. 6, p. 16, pl. 2, fig. 16. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19284, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625758. Occurrence:—Generally scarce and only occurs in isolated sam- ples but ranges from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Tocuyo for- mation, to the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina ne- penthes Zone, Pozon formation. Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina) jacksonensis abnormis Cushman and Renz Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina) jacksonensis Cushman var. abnormis Cushman and Renz, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 20, pt. 3, p. 78. Gaudryina jacksonensis Cushman var. abnormis Cushman and Renz, Bermu- dez, 1949, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Pub. 25. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625760. Occurrence:—Fairly common in the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone but has only been observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Genus PSEUDOCLAVULINA Cushman, 1936 Pseudoclavulina ¢arinata (Cushman and Renz) Clavulina carinata Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., (Come, wok i, joe Il, fos 5 folk Tk, save; IS Remarks:—This species shows a fairly large triangular initial part with three chambers per whorl followed by 2-3 rounded, uni- serial chambers with a circular terminal aperture. The aperture in the adult has a short neck and is without a tooth. The uniserial chambers are comparatively distinct, more so than the initial ones; wall rough. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19286, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625762. 116 BULLETIN 178 Occurrence:—Generally scarce in the Tocuyo and Pozén forma- tions below the middle part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. Family VALVULINIDAE Genus ALVEOVALVULINELLA Bronnimann, 1953 Alveovalvulinella pozonensis (Cushman and Renz) Pl. 6, fig. 4 Liebusella pozonensis Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr nvole ais ips Oe nissan Liebusella pozonensis var. crassa Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, p. 10, pl. 2, figs. 3-4. Alveovalvulinella pozonensis (Cushman and Renz), Bronnimann, 1953, Cush- man Found. Foram,. Res., Contr., vol. IV, pt. 3, p. 91, text-figs. IV, VY, plate 15, fig. 3. Remarks:—Bronnimann transferred this species from the genus Liebusella Cushman, 1933 to a new valvulinid genus Alveovalvuli- nella mainly because of the alveolated, not “labyrinthic”, nature of the test wall. The early part of the test consists of more than three chambers in a whorl later reducing to three, then two and eventually becoming uniserial. The uniserial part often comprises most of the test. Wall often appears translucent showing the alveoles. Aper- ture terminal in uniserial part of the test. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19175, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, fig. 4, deposited in U.S.N.M. collec- tion, No. 625763. Occurrence:—In Trinidad it is diagnostic for, and restricted to, the Nariva clays and silts, whilst in the Pozén section it occurs mainly in arenaceous facies faunas from the Catapsydrax stain- jortht Zone and Globigerinatella insweta Zone (s.1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. It also occurs in isolated samples from the Globo- rotalia fohsi “Zone” (sJ.) and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Pozon formation. Genus GRAVELLINA Bronnimann, 1953 Gravellina narivaensis Bronnimann VAL (Haley, fs Gravellina narivaensis Bronnimann, 1953, Cushman Found. Foram. Res , Contr;, vol) LV, pt: 3; p> S7/sapl: 15, tio0 95) text-f1e. at Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19181, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, fig. 5, deposited in U.S.N.M. collec- tion, No. 625765. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW i Occurrence:—Generally scarce and only observed in arena- ceous facies faunas from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozoén formations. In Trinidad it is considered diagnos- tic for the Nariva formation. Genus SCHENCKIELLA Thalmann, 1942 Schenckiella cf. cyclostomata (Galloway and Morrey) cf. Verneuilina cyclostomata Galloway and Morrey, 1929, Bull Amer. Pal., WO, WS. IN@s S5, jo. 5 we Se sare, 2p Schenckiella cf. cyclostomata (Galloway and Morrey), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soe. Amer. Mem 32) perl6Ssple Mle tics G6. Remarks:—Usually observed as immature specimens without the uniserial chambers. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19181, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625767. Occurrence:—Fairly common in the Tocuyo and Pozén forma- tions below the Globorotalia menardu mendaru/Globigerina ne- penthes Zone. Schenckiella pallida (Cushman) Clavulina communis d’Orbigny var. pallida Cushman, 1927, Calif. Univ. Scripps Inst. Oceanography, Bull. Tech. Ser., vol. 1, p. 138, pl. 3, fig. 1. Listerella pallida (Cushman), Cushman, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Pub. 8, p. 147, pl. 16, figs. 37-39. Schenckiella pallida (Cushman), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 163, pl. II, figs. 17-18. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19180, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625769. Occurrence:—Common in all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozoén formations below and in the lower part of the Sphaeroidinella semi- nulina Zone. Genus TEXTULARIELLA Cushman, 1927 Textulariella miocenica Cushman Textulariella miocenica Cushman, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Jeti, (5, joy LS, Jol (5 savers, 27/5 iG) Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19112, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625771. Occurrence:—Faitly common in the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations but only observed as single specimens in isolated {18 BULLETIN 178 samples from the Globorotalia fohsi bartsanensis Zone, Pozon forma- tion. Genus VALVULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Valvulina flexis Cushman and Renz Valvulina flexis Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., VOlemi7> pilaaps w/a es ell 6=li/- Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19210, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625773. Occurrence:—Only observed in arenaceous facies faunas from the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone, and from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s5.1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Family MILIOLIDAE Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824 Pyrgo spp. indet. Remarks and occurrence:—A number of specimens of this genus occur in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina and Globigerina bul- loides Zones, Pozon formation but are always abraded, broken or merely preserved as steinkerns and cannot be safely speciated. Genus QUINQUELOCULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Quinqueloculina spp. indet. Remarks and occurrence:—A number of specimens of this genus occur in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina and Globigerina bul- loides Zones, Pozon formation but are always abraded, broken, or merely preserved as steinkerns and cannot be safely speciated. Genus SIGMOILINA Schlumberger, 1887 Sigmoilina celata (Costa) Spiroloculina celata Costa, 1855, R. Accad. Sci. Napoli, Mem., vol. 2, p. 126, pi. 1, fig. 14 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Sigmoilina celata (Costa), Cushman, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., Vole S,ape82- Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19151, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625775. Occurrence:—Generally scarce but observed in samples from all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozén formations below, and in the lower part of the Sphaerotdinella seminulina Zone. Genus TRILOCULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Triloculina spp. indet. Remarks and occurrence:—A number of specimens of this Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 119 genus occur in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina and Globigerina bul- loides zones, Pozon formation, but are always abraded, broken or merely preserved as steinkerns and cannot be safely speciated. Family TROCHAMMINIDAE Genus TROCHAMMINA Parker and Jones, 1859 Trochammina cf. pacifica Cushman ed (ppeattuan (i cf. Trochammina pacifica Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 1, No. 11, p. 39, pl. 6, fig. 3 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Trochammina cf. pacifica Cushman, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32 p. 172, pl. III, figs. 4a-b, 5a-b. Remarks:—TVhe writer’s specimens are similar to those illus- trated by Renz (1948). Most specimens occur as axially compressed forms and do not allow unambiguous specific identification. Renz’s remarks (1948, p. 173) apply to the writer’s specimens. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19849, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 7, fig. 6, deposited in U.S.N.M. col- lection, No. 625777. Occurrence:—Occasional specimens have been observed in the uppermost part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone but the species only becomes common in the lower and middle parts of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. Rather scarce in the upper part of this latter zone and in the basal part of the overlying Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Family LAGENIDAE Genus ASTACOLUS Montfort, 1808 Astacolus ovatus Galloway and Heminway TEAL (aa, Astacolus ovatus Galloway and Heminway, 1941, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, p. 334, pl. 8, figs. 10a-b. Remarks:—This species shows a trace of a faint keel on the slightly convex dorsal side. Initial coil consisting of 5-6 chambers which appear to be in contact with the proloculum. Sutures of the later chambers strongly convex towards the aperture, meeting the dorsal side obliquely; test oval in cross-section. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, fig. 7, deposited in U.S.N.M. col- lection, No. 625779. 120 BULLETIN 178 Occurrence:—Scarce in samples from the Catapsydrax stain- fortht Zone, Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s5.1.), Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s./.) and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Also occurs in isolated samples from the Globo- rotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozon for- mation. Genus DENTALINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Dentalina cf. advena (Cushman) cf. Nodosaria advena Cushman, 1923, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, p. 79, pl. 14, fig. 12 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Dentalina cf. advena (Cushman), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 130s plewiVemtiona7e Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19281, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625780. Occurrence:—Only observed in isolated samples from the Globi- gerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Genus FRONDICULARIA Defrance, 1826 Frondicularia advena Cushman Frondicularia inaequalis Brady (non Costa), 1884, Challenger Exped. Rep., Zool., vol. 9, p. 521, pl. 66, figs. 8-12. Frondicularia advena Cushman, 1923, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, p. 141. pl. 20, figs. 1-2 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19435, auger line near Pozoén, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection No. 625781. Occurrence:—Only observed in isolated samples from the Globorotalia fohst lobata and Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zones, also from the Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.l.), Pozén formation. Frondicularia alazanensis Nuttall Frondicularia alazanensis Nuttall, 1932, Jour. Pal., vol. 6, p. 17, pl. 3, fiz. 5: Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625783. Scarce, observed in samples from the Catapsy- drax stainforthi Zone, Tocuyo formation, and in the Globigerinatella imsueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone and Globorotalia fohst Occurrence: fohst Zone, Pozon formation. Frondicularia inaequalis Costa Frondicularia inaequalis Costa, 1855, R. Acad. Sci. Napoli, Mem., vol. 2, p. 372, pl. 3, fig. 3 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 121 non Frondicularia inaequalis Brady, 1884, Challenger Exped. Rep., Zool., vol. 9, p. 521, pl. 66, figs. 8-12. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19450, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection No. 625784. Occurrence:—Only seen in a few samples from the Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone, Pozon formation. Frondicularia sagittula lanceolata van den Broeck Frondicularia alata Brady (non d’Orb.), 1884, Challenger Exped. Rep., Zool., vol. 9, p. 522, pl. 44, figs. 3-5. Frondicularia sagittula var. lanceolata van den Broeck, Cushman, 1923, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pl. 4, p. 143, pl. 20, fig. 4, pl. 21, fig. 1 (fide Renz, 1948). Remarks:—This form shows great variation within the To- cuyo and Pozon formations, and it is difficult to decide upon characters that are constant for the species and_ subspecies. The size and relative thickness of the test are subject to vari- ation as is also the relative size of the proloculum in megalo- spheric forms. Only megalospheric forms have been recognized in the Falcén material. Occasional isolated prolocula have also been observed. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625785. Occurrence:—Generally rather scarce throughout the Tocuyo and Pozén formations below the base of the Sphaeroidinella senu- nulina Zone. Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1798 Lagena asperoides Galloway and Morrey IL (, wie 3 Lagena asperoides Galloway and Morrey, 1929, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, No. 5535p: 195 pli 2, fis. 6; Remarks:—A distinctive species, thick walled, and with a spherical chamber supporting a rather long neck; wall pustulose with rounded papillae. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19180, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, fig. 8, deposited in U.S.N.M. col- lection, No. 625787. Occurrence:—Renz (1948) did not record this species from the Agua Salada group but Cushman and Stainforth (1945) re- 122 BULLETIN 178 corded its occurrence in the Cipero formation of southern Trini- dad. In eastern Falcon it occurs, but rarely, in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Lagena nuttalli Galloway and Heminway Ale (ie, & Lagena nuttalli Galloway and Heminway, 1941, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Sury. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 346, pl. 10, fig. 8. Remarks:—TVhe neck of this species is enlarged forming almost a second chamber; ornamented with longitudinal costae. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19179, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, fig. 9, deposited in U.S.N.M. col- lection, No. 625788. Occurrence:—Not recorded by Renz (1948) in the Agua Salada group but is comparatively common in the Cipero forma- tion of southern Trinidad (Cushman and Stainforth, 1945). Ob- served infrequently in samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Genus LAGENONODOSARIA Silvestri, 1900 Lagenonodosaria acostaensis Blow, sp. nov. 124k, ani 10) Diagnosis:—Test fairly large, consisting of three to four globu- lar or subglobular chambers, separated by fairly deeply incised sutures; last chamber with a long, slender, sometimes slightly hispid neck with a phialine lip; neck without multiple collars; test gen- erally strongly costate and costae often produced into short spines over the posterior part of each chamber; costae become weak or absent in the sutural regions also over the first formed chamber; last chamber slightly more separated from the penultimate cham- ber than is the case with the earlier chambers; often with a pro- nounced basal spine; maximum length of holotype, 0.62 mm. Remarks:—This form is distinguished from L. scalaris ( Batsch) by the presence of more deeply incised sutures and the absence of multiple collars on the long narrow neck. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM _ 19444, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; Plate 7, fig. 10, deposited in the U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625693. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 123 Occurrence:—Generally scarce in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l/.) but becomes fairly common in the Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s./.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Genus LINGULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Lingulina grimsdalei Cushman and Renz Lingulina grimsdalei Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contry vole l7/sept.ols) pie 14s ple Shaheen Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19150, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625789. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in isolated samples from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and Globigerinatella insueta/Glob- igerinoides triloba Subzone, Tocuyo formation. Lingulina prolata (Guppy) Gonatosphaera prolata Guppy, 1894, Zool. Soc. London, Proc., p. 651, pl. 41, figs. 14-19 (fide Renz, 1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625790. Occurrence:—Rare, only observed in samples from the Globi- gerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Genus MARGINULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Marginulina cf. striatula Cushman cf. Marginulina striatula Cushman, 1913, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, p. 79, pl. 23, fig. 4 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Marginulina cf. striatula Cushman, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 145, pl. IV, figs. 15-16. Remarks:—The specimens observed by the writer are similar to those figured by Renz (1948) and tentatively referred to Mar- ginulina striatula Cushman. Cushman mentioned the presence of fine costae on his specimens, but these are not present on the writer’s material, nor are they shown on Renz’s illustrations. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM _ 19180, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625792. Occurrence:—Generally scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, Tocuyo formation; also from the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Sub- 124 BULLETIN 178 zone, Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (sJ.), and Globorotaha mayeri Zone (s./.) and Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina ne- penthes Zone, Pozon formation. Marginulina subbullata Hantken Marginulina subbullata Hantken, Palmer, 1940, Soc. Cubana hist. nat., Mem., vol. 14, No. 4, p. 279. Remarks:—The megalospheric forms show only two chambers in the initial coil, and the sutures of the last chambers become hori- zontal resembling some species ascribed by Loeblich and Tappan (1955) to their new genus Pandaglandulina. The microspheric forms have between three and five chambers in the initial coil. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, near Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625794. Occurrence:—Generally ubiquitous throughout the Tocuyo formation and nearly all of the Pozon formation but does not occur in the rather shallowswater assemblages of the Globigerina bulloides Zone. Common in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (5.l.), Globoro- talia fohst “Zone” (s.l.), and in the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Pozon formation. Genus MARGINULINOPSIS Silvestri, 1904 Marginulinopsis basispinosus (Cushman and Renz) 1b (He gales “all Marginulina basispinosa Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res: Contr. volal7s pt pel Seuplyeaticisy Wl6—18 Marginulinopsis basispinosus (Cushman and Renz), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 145, pl. IV, figs. 8a-b, 9, 10. Remarks:—This form has an initial coil of between three and five chambers in contact with the proloculum followed by usually 3-5, uniserial chambers arranged at right-angles to the axis of coil- ing. The species is rather variable; some forms show the initial coil and first chamber of the uniserial part rather compressed or triangular in cross-section, in others all the chambers are rounded or elliptical. Ornamentation may be either costate or papillate or a combination of both, whilst in some forms ornamentation is want- ing on the last two or three chambers and much reduced on the earlier chambers. Often with several radially directed spines on the initial coiled chambers. Tocuyo AND PozoN FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 125 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 20025, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, fig. 11, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625796. Occurrence:—Renz (1948) used the occurrence of this species to define his Marginulinopsis basispinosus Zone, Pozon formation, (= upper part Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Globorotalia men- ardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and basal part Sphae- roidinella seminulina Zone). In the Falcon region it is restricted to this interval, but evidence seen in subsurface sections on the Island of Cubagua shows that it ranges higher into the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, indicating that its disappearance in Pozon may be due to ecological rather than stratigraphical reasons. Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812 Nodosaria caribbeana (Hedberg) VAL Gy seks, UY Nodosaria raphanistrum (Linné) var. caribbeana Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., V7: TI, INO, 35 jos G7, ole Sil, shee al Remarks:—Hedberg (1937, p. 671) stated “Due to the un- certainty regarding the exact characters possessed by Linné’s spe- cles, it seems desirable to make a new variety of the form common in the Tertiary of the Caribbean region.” The writer feels that, in view of this uncertainty concerning Linné’s species and since this form is common in the Oligo-Miocene of the Caribbean, it should be considered as a distinct species. The form shows a wide variability in the degree of constriction between adjacent chambers; even within the one specimen, well separated chambers occur adjacent to chambers practically in con- tact with each other. The costate ornamentation also shows great variability both within the species group and within a single speci- men; in some cases the costae cross the septal necks unchanged whilst in others they become much weaker. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; Plate 6, fig. 12, deposited in U.S.N.M. col- lection, No. 625797. Occurrence:—Common throughout the upper part of the Tocuyo formation, in the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone and in the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.). 126 BULLETIN 178 Rather scarce in the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Globorotalia menardii menardii/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone (lower part), Pozon formation. Nodosaria coOmatus (Batsch) Nautilus comatus Batsch, 1791, Testaceorum arenulae marinae tabulae sex . (Sechs Kupfertafeln mit Conchylien des Seesandes), pp. 1, 4 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.) Nodosaria comata Brady, 1884, Challenger Exped. Rept., Zool., vol. 9, p. 509, pl. 64, figs. 1-5. Nodosaria comatula Cushman, 1923, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 83, pl. 14, fig. 5 (fide Renz 1948). Pseudoglandulina comatula (Cushman), Cushman, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res: Contr, vol, 5, ps 87 Remarks:—Loeblich and Tappan (1955) discussed the validity of the genus Pseudoglandulina Cushman (the type species of which is this species) and they pointed out that Pseudoglandulina Cush- man, 1929 must be considered a junior synonym of Nodosaria La- marck, 1812, and is, therefore, invalid. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625799. Occurrence:—Although Renz (1948) only reported this species from the Robulus wallacer Zone and Siphogenerina transversa Zone (—Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to lower part Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Zone), the present writer has observed this form in the Globorotalia fohsi lobata and Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zones, and the Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.1.); furthermore, occasional speci- mens have been observed in the Globorotalia menardu menardu/- Globigerina nepenthes Zone and the lowermost part of Sphaeroidi- nella seminulina Zone, Pozén formation. It is associated in the Pozén formation with mainly planktonic assemblages and is absent in faunas containing abundant Uvigerina isidroensis, Bolivina wmporcata and Bolwvina simplex; the abund- ance of these latter forms suggests rather shallow-water conditions. Brady (1884) and others recorded the occurrence of this species at depths of circa 800 metres. Nodosaria? longiseata d’Orbigny Nodosaria longiscata d’Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiféres fossiles du bassin ter- tiaire de Vienne (Autriche), p. 32, pl. 1, figs. 10-12. (Fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Tocuyo AND Pozon FoRMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 127 Remarks:—This distinctive and well-known species is charac- terized by the elongate but narrow chambers with rather poorly defined constictions between adjacent chambers. Specimens show- ing bulbous, inflated prolocula are not infrequent. In the material from Poz6n, specimens showing the form and characters of the aperture have not been observed, and, therefore, unambiguous generic identification is not possible. Some broken specimens show in end view what appears to be a multiple wall structure consisting of two rather thick concentric layers. It is doubtful if D’Orbigny’s drawing of an end view actually shows the aperture but more likely an end view of a broken specimen. In view of the absence of speci- mens showing undoubted apertural characters this species is only doubtfully referred to the genus Nodosaria. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection No. 625800. Occurrence:—Common in the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, Tocuyo formation and in the Pozon formation below the Globorotalia may- ert Zone (s.1.); scarce in the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globi- gerina nepenthes Zone, Pozon formation. Nodosaria nuttalli Hedberg Nodosaria nuttalli Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, p. 673, pl. 91, fig. 6. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19284, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625802. Occurrence:—Fairly common or common in the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, Tocuyo formation; also in the Globigerinatella insueta/- Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone, Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s.1.), Pozon formation. Nodosaria schlichti Reuss Nodosaria (Nodosaria) schlichti Reuss, 1870, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.- Naturw. Cl., Sitzber., vol. 62, Abt. 1, p. 472, pl. 6, figs. 29-31 (fide Ellis and Messina 1940 ef seq.). Nodosaria schlichti Reuss, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 147, pl. IW sae, AS. oll Woe isles, 5S. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19283, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625804. 128 BULLETIN 178 Occurrence:—Generally scarce but observed in all zones below the middle part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Nodosaria stainforthi Cushman and Renz Nodosaria stainforthi Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr, wollai7ptleapedlos ples ehice4s Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625806. Occurrence:—Generally scarce in the upper part of the Tocuyo formation and in the Pozén formation, below the Globorotala mayert Zone (s.1.), but sometimes several specimens occur in single samples from the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone where the faunas are suggestive of a deeper than usual environment. Nodosaria yertebralis (Batsch) Nautilus (Orthoceras) vertebralis Batsch, 1791, Testaceorum arenulae marinae tabulae sex... (Sechs Kupfertafeln mit Conchylien des Seesandes), pt. 3, No. 6, pl. 2, figs. 6a-b. (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Nodosaria vertebralis (Batsch), Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, No. 8, ap (H7il, joe Shi anys, We Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625808. Occurrence:—As for Nodosaria stainforthi with which it is often associated. Genus PLANULARIA Defrance, 1824 Planularia clara Cushman and Jarvis Planularia clara Cushman and Jarvis, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr volj 5) pt. ly ps 7, plaZ, tiess14-15: Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625809. Occurrence:—Although Renz (1948) recorded this form not higher than his Valvulineria herricki Zone, Pozén formation, the writer has observed specimens associated with Marginulinopsis basis- pinosus. It is rare in the Globigerinatella insweta Zone (s..) but becomes fairly common in the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone (s.1.). Iso- lated specimens occur in the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), the Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 129 Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zones and in the lowermost part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Planularia venezuelana Hedberg Planularia venezuelana Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, No. 8, p. 670, pl. 90 figs. 14a-b. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19281, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625811. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone, Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Genus PSEUDONODOSARIA Boomgaart, 1949 According to Loeblich and Tappan (1955, p. 6), this genus was defined by Boomgaart as follows: Test free, uniserial and rectilinear throughout, chambers embracing strongly in the early portion, later chambers inflated, less embracing and separated by constricted sutures; sutures horizontal; aperture terminal, radiate. Pseudonodosaria incisa (Neugeboren) EAL; Pp, ales, lo! Glandulina incisa Neugeboren, 1850, Siebenb. Ver. Naturw., Hermannstadt, Verh. Mitt., Jahr. 1, No. 4, p. 52, pl. 1, figs. 7a-b (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Pseudoglandulina incisa (Neugeboren), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 3, jd, WEE TOG Wie saves, IG. Remarks:—This species has the characters required for in- clusion in Boomgaart’s genus. It has no trace of a biserial early stage. The early chambers are strongly embracing whilst the last chamber is well separated from the earlier chambers and fairly in- flated. Aperture terminal, radiate. Hypotype:—From sample, No RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 7, fig. 13, deposited in U.S.N.M. col- lection, No. 625813. Occurrence:—Generally scarce and often occurs as single speci- mens in samples from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Globi- gerimatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerina bispherica Subzone, Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Globorotaha mayeri Zone (s5.l.), and Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Tocuyo and Pozéon forma- tions. 130 BuLLETIN 178 Genus RECTOGLANDULINA Loeblich and Tappan, 1955 Loeblich and Tappan (1955), gave the following diagnosis for their genus: Test free, uniserial, with chambers increasing rapidly in diameter and strongly overlapping, sutures horizontal and parallel, never strongly depressed; wall calcareous; aperture terminal, radiate. Loeblich and Tappan further remarked that Rectoglandulina differs from Pseudonodosaria Boomgaart, 1949 in having all the chambers closely appressed and with the later chambers not sep- arated by constricted sutures. Rectoglandulina gallowayi paucicostata (Cushman and Renz) VEAL (Ss sales, al! Pseudoglandulina gallowayi Cushman var. paucicostata Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, pt. 1, p. 16, pl. 3, fig. 5. Remarks:—This species appears to have the characters re- quired for inclusion in Rectoglandulina. ‘The last suture is only slightly constricted. The strongly costate ornamentation makes it difficult to judge to what extent the chambers overlap. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; Plate 6, figure 14, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625814. Occurrence:—Generally rather scarce and only observed in samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Genus ROBULUS Montfort, 1808 Robulus americanus (Cushman) Cristellaria americana Cushman, 1918, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 676, p. 50, pl. 10, figs. 5-6. Robulus americanus (Cushman), Cushman and Cahill, 1933, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 175-A, p. 12, pl. 3, figs. 6a-c. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625815. Occurrence:—Generally common throughout all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozén formations below the Globigerina bulloides Zone, in which only isolated specimens occur. The species varies con- siderably in frequency from sample to sample throughout the suc- Tocuyo anp Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 131 cession, being rare in samples containing abundant Uvigerina 151- droensis, Bolivina simplex, and Bolivina wmporcata. Robulus americanus grandis (Cushman) Cristellaria americana Cushman var. grandis Cushman, 1920, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 128-B, p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 2 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625816. Occurrence:—Fairly common in most zones below the Globr- gerina bulloides Zone, Pozén formation, but varies considerably in frequency from sample to sample. General distribution is similar to the parent species. Robulus americanus spinosus (Cushman) Cristellaria americana Cushman var. spinosa Cushman, 1918, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 676, p. 51, pl. 10, fig. 7. Remarks:—This subspecies is distinguished from the parent species by the spines which extend radially from the peripheral part of the sutures. The spines are variable, both in length and _ thick- ness. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19181, auger line Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625817. Occurrence:—Generally scarce in the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone, Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.) and Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s./.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. It becomes fairly common or common in the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Globo- rotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and in the lower part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Isolated specimens also occur in the upper part of the Sphaeroid- inella seminulina Zone and in the Globigerina bulloides Zone. This subspecies seems to prefer a somewhat shallower environment than the parent species. Robulus arcuatostriatus carolinianus Cushman Robulus arcuato-striatus (Hantken) var. carolinianus Cushman, 1933, Cush- man Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 9, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 9 (fide Renz, 1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625818. E32 BULLETIN 178 Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Globigerinatella imsueta Zone (s.l.) and Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Robulus calear (Linné) Nautilus calcar Linné, 1767, Systema naturae, 12th ed., vol. 1, p. 1162, No. 272 (fide Renz, 1948.). Robulus calcar (Linné), Galloway and Morrey, 1929, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. WE ING SS, joe AO, lk Ah amie, TCL Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625819. Occurrence:—Generally common in the Catapsydrax statn- forthi Zone, Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.), Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s.1.) and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.J.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. It becomes scarce and sporadic in occurrence within the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and in the Sphaerotdinella seminulina Zone; occasional speci- mens have been observed in the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Robulus clericii (Fornasini) Robulus clericii (Fornasini), Cushman, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 5, p. 84, pl. 12, figs. 16-17. Remarks:—Renz (1948, p. 158) discussed the variability of this form within the Agua Salada group and pointed out that this species and Robulus chambersi Garrett, 1939 can only be dis- tinguished in extreme cases. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19180, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625820. Occurrence:—Generally fairly common in all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozén formations below the Globorotalia menardu menardii/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. Occasional specimens have been observed in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon for- mation. Robulus formosus (Cushman) Cristellaria formosa Cushman, 1923, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 110, pl. 29, fig. 1; pl.30, fig. 1(fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 133 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19182, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625822. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s./.), and in the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Robulus hedbergi Cushman and Renz Robulus hedbergi Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram, Res., Contes vols 17, pta i) p. LOM pl 25 fig 9: Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19112, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625823. Occurrence:—Scarce and only seen in isolated samples from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s./.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Robulus iotus (Cushman) Cristellaria iota Cushman, 1923, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, p. 111, pl. 29, fig. 2; pl. 30, fig. 1 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19178, auger line near Pozén, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625824. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.), Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s...) and in the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Robulus melvilli Cushman and Renz Robulus melvilli Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contra avolyd 7, pte lnspad2wmple 2. ties Iz. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19116, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625825. Occurrence:—Generally scarce but observed throughout all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozén formations, below the middle part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. 134 BULLETIN 178 Robulus nuttalli Cushman and Renz Robulus nuttalli Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., VO TWA, fH Tbh jem TS pl wy rakes TO} Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19181, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625826. Occurrence:—Generally scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insweta Zone (s./.), and from the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Robulus cecidentalis torridus (Cushman) Cristellaria occidentalis Cushman var. torrida Cushman, 1923, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, p. 105, pl. 25, fig. 1 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 eft seq.). Robulus occidentalis (Cushman) var. torridus (Cushman), Cushman and Jarvis, 1930, Jour. Pal., vol. 4, No. 4, p. 357, pl. 32, figs. 8a-b. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19180, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625827. Occurrence:—Fairly common in all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozon formations below the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. Robulus protuberans (Cushman) Cristellaria protuberans Cushman, 1918, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 103, p. 61, pl. 22, fig. 2 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Robulus protuberans (Cushman), Galloway and Heminway, 1941, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Sury. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 351, pl. 11, figs.13a-b. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19151, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625828. Occurrence: Scarce, only observed in isolated samples from the Globigernatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, To- cuyo formation. Robulus senni Cushman and Renz IB, GH, sale, 1s Robulus senni Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., VOl. diveepts deape LZ ple 2a hipse d+ 15. Remarks:—This form shows considerable variation in the degree of uncoiling and thickness of the test. Earlier forms seem to be thicker and less uncoiled than later forms. It is possible that it may be related to Robulus subaculeatus glabratus Cushman. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19820, auger line near Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 135 Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, figure 15, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625829. Occurrence:—Common in the upper part of the Globorotala menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and in the Sphae- roidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Renz (1948) used the partial occurrence of this species to define his Robulus senni Zone. The upper boundary of this Robulus senni Zone is strongly in- fluenced by facies with the incoming of somewhat impoverished facies faunas in the Pozén area; whilst at El Mene de Acosta, environmental conditions were such that the “normal” faunas of the Robulus senni Zone continued to a higher stratigraphical level. Hence, the upper boundary of the “zone” is strongly diachronous between the two areas. Indeed, in the Pozén-E] Mene Road section there is an alternation and interdigitation of facies so that it 1s not always possible to separate unambiguously the Robulus senni “Zone” from the Trochammina cf. pacifica-Vaginulinopsis swper- bus Zonule. Robulus subaculeatus glabratus (Cushman) Cristellaria subaculeata Cushman var. glabrata Cushman, 1923, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, p. 124, pl. 32, fig. 4 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Robulus subaculeatus (Cushman) var. glabratus (Cushman), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 160, pl. III, figs. 20-21. Remarks:—This subspecies shows considerable variation in morphology. The earlier forms are often tightly coiled and have a generally stoutly built test with strongly developed ornamentation. Later forms show a considerable degree of uncoiling with less well- developed ornamentation and a somewhat more compressed test. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625830. Occurrence: —Common in the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone and Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.), Tocuyo formation and Pozon formation; also in the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), and the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s./.); occasional specimens have been observed in the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozon formation. Robulus suteri Cushman and Renz Robulus suteri Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, pt. 1, p. 10, pl. 2, figs. 5-8. 136 BuLLETIN 178 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625832. Occurrence:—Generally scarce but observed in samples from all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozén formations below the top of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. Robulus vortex (Fichtel and Moll) Nautilus vortex Fichtel and Moll, 1798, Test. Micro., p. 33, pl. 2, figs. d-i (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Cristellaria vortex (Fichtel and Moll), Brady, 1884, Challenger Exped., Rept.- Zool., vol. 9, p. 548, pl. 69, figs. 14-16. Robulus vortex (Fichtel and Moll), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc., Amer., Mem. 32, p. 161. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19340, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625834. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in isolated samples from the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Pozén formation. Robulus wallacei (Hedberg) 12l, , TEE, UG, U7 Marginulina wallacei Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, No. 8, p. 670, pl. 90, figs. 15-17. Robulus wallacei (Hedberg), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 161, pl. IV, figs. 19-20. Remarks:—Hedberg described this form as belonging to the genus Marginulina, but Renz included the species in the genus Robulus. It shows considerable variation in morphology. The ear- lier forms are closely coiled with well-developed ornamentation and with characteristic tangential “cross-bars”. The later forms show the last 2-3 chambers uncoiled and often devoid of ornamentation. In the uncoiled forms, the last chamber may be rather pointed and the aperture subterminal and not peripheral as in the earlier more tightly coiled chambers. Ornamentation is variable and generally later forms show a rather more weakly developed ornamentation. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, figure 17, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625835; Plate 6, figure 16, from sample RM 19179, also deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625836. Occurrence:—Renz used this form to define his Robulus wallacei Zone, Tocuyo formation, which is equivalent to the Catap- Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 137 sydrax stainforthi Zone plus the Globigerinatella tmsueta/Globi- gerinoides triloba Subzone. It is often abundant in this interval to which it appears restricted. Genus SARACENARIA Defrance, 1824 Saracenaria italica acutocarinata (Cushman) Cristellaria italica (Defrance) var. acutocarinata Cushman, 1917, U.S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 51, No. 2172, p. 661 (fide Renz, 1948). Saracenaria italica Defrance var. acutocarinata (Cushman), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 162, pl. V, fig. 19. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625837. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Saracenaria italica carapitana Franklin Saracenaria italica Defrance var. carapitana Franklin, 1944, Jour. Pal., vol. 18, p. 312, pl. 45, fig. 14. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19181, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625839. Occurrence:—Scarce and only occurs sporadically in samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.) and Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Saracenaria latifrons (Brady) Cristellaria latifrons Brady, 1884, Challenger Exped., Rept., Zool., vol. 9, p. 544, pl. 113, figs. 11a-b. Saracenaria latifrons (Brady), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. NGA, jo Wo sae, 22. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19279, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625841. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Sub- zone, and the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.1.), Pozén formation. Saracenaria scheneki Cushman and Hobson Saracenaria schencki Cushman and Hobson, 1935, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 11, pt. 3, p. 57, pl. 8, fig. 11 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). 138 BULLETIN 178 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19116, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625843. Occurrence:—Scarce but occurs sporadically in isolated samples from all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozén formations below and in the Globorotaha menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. Saracenaria senni Hedberg Saracenaria senni Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, No. 8, p. 674, pl. 90, figs. 18a-b. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19116, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625845. Occurrence:—Scarce, only seen in isolated samples from the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone and Globigerinatella insueta/Globi- gerinoides triloba Subzone, Tocuyo formation. Genus VAGINULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Vaginulina alazanensis Nuttall Vaginulina alazanensis Nuttall, 1932, Jour. Pal., vol. 6, No. 1, p. 17, pl. 1, ines, IL. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19284, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625847. Occurrence: the Globigerinatella insweta Zone (s.1.), Globorotalia fohst barts- anensis Zone and Globorotalia fohsi fohst Zone, Tocuyo and Pozon Scarce, only observed in isolated samples from formations. Vaginulina sublituus (Nuttall) Pl, hess Astacolus sublituus (Nuttall), Galloway and Heminway, 1941, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Sury. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 335, pl. 8, figs. 1la-b. Remarks:—The initial coil is small, consisting of three or four chambers in contact with the proloculum. Sutures of the later chambers are directed towards the aperture at the ventral margin but become transverse and horizontal, meeting the dorsal margin very nearly at right angles. Test much compressed. This species Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 139 seems to be best placed in the genus Vaginulina as emended by Bartenstein (1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117. auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 7, figure 18, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625849. Occurrence:—Fairly common in the Catapsydrax stainforth Zone and recorded in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Genus VAGINULINOPSIS Silvestri, 1904 Vaginulinopsis superbus (Cushman and Renz) jello cre epee ts Marginulina superba Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr. vols 17; pt 1. ps 14) pl. 25 figs. 19-20: Vaginulinopsis superbus (Cushman and Renz), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 177, pl. IV, figs. 17a-b, 18. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19849, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, fig. 19, deposited in U.S.N.M. col- lection, No. 625850. Remarks:—Occasional specimens have been observed in the middle part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, becoming fairly common in the lower part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone but rather scarce in the middle to upper part of the same zone. It does not persist into the Globi- gerina bulloides Zone. Family POLYMORPHINIDAE Genus GLANDULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Glandulina laevigata d’Orbigny Nodosaria (Glandulina) laevigata d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, sér. 1, vol. 7, p. 252, pl. 10, figs. 1-3 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Pseudoglandulina laevigata (d’Orbigny), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 154, pl. V, figs. 14-15. Remarks:—The specimens observed by the writer appear to be typical of the species and show the biserial early stage. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625852. Occurrence:—Generally scarce, but observed in all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozon formations below the Sphaeroidinella seminu- 140 BULLETIN 178 lina Zone. Often occurs associated with mainly planktonic faunas. Genus GUTTULINA dOrbigny, 1839 Guttulina irregularis (d’Orbigny) Globulina irregularis d’Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiféres fossils du bassin tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche), p. 226, pl. 13, figs. 9-10. (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Guttulina irregularis (d’Orbigny), Cushman and Ponton, 1932, Florida Geol. Surv., Bull. 9, p. 64, pl. 9, figs. 10-12. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19180, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625854. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in a few isolated sam- ples from the Globigerinatella insweta/Globigerinoides triloba Sub- zone and in the lower part of the Globigerinatella insueta/Globi- gerinoides bispherica Subzone, Tocuyo formation. It is usually as- sociated with mainly planktonic faunas. Guttulina jarvisi Cushman and Ozawa Guttulina jarvisi Cushman and Ozawa, 1930, U.S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. Ta NOs 2829s pe 395 apls 8s tiess 4-56 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19284, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625856. Occurrence: Scarce and only observed in a few samples from the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone, Pozon formation. Family NONIONIDAE Genus ELPHIDIUM Montfort, 1808 Elphidium poeyanum (d’Orbigny) IAL if, aS, AD Polystomella poeyana d’Orbigny, 1839, “Foraminiféres” in de la Sagra, Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’ile de Cuba, p. 55, pl. 6, figs. 25-26 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Elphidium poeyanum (d’Orbigny), Cushman, 1930, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, p. 25, pl. 10, figs. 4-5 (fide Renz, 1948). Remarks:—A fairly distinctive form with rather inflated cham- bers and moderately depressed sutures. The retral processes are not well marked. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 20131, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 7, figure 20, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625858. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 141 Occurrence:—Observed in isolated samples from the upper part of the Sphaeroidinella seminuina Zone and infrequently in the lower part of the overlying Globigerina bulloides Zone, but becomes comparatively common in the higher part of this latter zone indi- cating an approach to brackish-water conditions. It is common in the Ojo de Agua formation which overlies the Pozon formation, where it is often associated with Chara seeds. Genus NONION Montfort, 1808 Nonion afiinis (Reuss) Nonionina affinis Reuss, 1851, Deutsch. Geol. Ges., Zeitschr., vol. 3, p. 72, pl. 5, figs. 32a-b (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Nonion affine (Reuss), Cushman, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 5, p. 89, pl. 13, fig. 24. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19181, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625860. Occurrence:—Generally scarce but occurs in the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.), Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), and Globorotalha mayeri Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. This species of Nonion seems to occur in a possible deepwater environment as evidenced by its association with mainly planktonic faunas. Nonion costiferus* (Cushman) Nonionina costifera Cushman, 1926, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 1, p. 90, pl. 13 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Nonion costiferum (Cushman), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 148, pl. VI, figs. Sa-b, pl. XII, figs. 6a-b. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19360, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625862. Occurrence: —Ubiquitous, occurring in all zones of the upper Tocuyo and Pozén formations below and in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. Varies considerably in frequency and often asso- ciated with Bolivina wmporcata and Uvigerina isidroensis, suggest- ive of a rather shallow but clear water environment. Nonion incisus kernensis Kleinpell Nonion incisum (Cushman) var. kernensis Kleinpell, 1938, Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., Spec. Pub., p. 232. Nonion incisum (Cushman) var. kernensis Kleinpell, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 148, pl. VI, figs. 4a-b. * Montfort used Nonion in masculine gender.—Ed. 142 BULLETIN 178 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19360, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625864. Occurrence: Similar to Nonion costiferus but often occurs as well with mainly shallow-water arenaceous assemblages in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone and Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Nonion pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll) Nautilus pompilioides Fichtel and Moll, 1798, Testacea microscopica aliaque minuta ex generibus Argonauta et Nautilus, p. 31, pl. 2, figs. a-c, 1803 reprint. (Fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Nonion pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll), Cushman, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 5, p. 89, pl. 13, figs. 25a-b. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19181, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625866. Occurrence:—Fairly common in the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Globigerinatella insuweta Zone (s.1.), and Globorotalia fohst barisanensis Zone, Vocuyo and Pozén formations. Also observed in isolated samples containing mainly planktonic assemblages from the Globorotalia fohsi fohst Zone and Globorotalia fohsi lobata Zone, Pozon formation. Family HETEROHELICIDAE Genus PLECTOFRONDICULARIA Liebus, 1903 Plectofrondicularia californica Cushman and Stewart Plectofrondicularia californica Cushman and Stewart, 1926, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 2, p. 39, pl. 6, figs. 9-11 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Plectofrondicularia californica Cushman and Stewart, Cushman, 1929, Cush- man Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 5, p. 90, pl. 13, figs. 18-19. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625868. Occurrence:—Generally scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (sJ.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Plectofrondicularia floridana Cushman Plectofrondicularia floridana Cushman, 1930, Florida Geol. Sury., Bull. 4, p. 41, pl. 8, fig. 1 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625870. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLow 143 Occurrence:—Fairly common in all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozon formations below the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, but only observed as single specimens in isolated samples within the lower to middle part of this latter zone. Plectofrondicularia cf. longistriata LeRoy ef Plectofrondicularia longistriata LeRoy, 1939, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie, deel 99, afl. 6, p. 241, pl. 5, figs. 4-6 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). cf. Plectofrondicularia longistriata LeRoy, 1944, Colorado School Mines, Omens, Wall 395 INOs3, js ZS, joi th, ies Sile jolly Sy sakes, Sie} Remarks:—The specimens seen in Falc6n are usually broken and fragmentary and, therefore, only tentatively referred to Le- Roy’s species, although they seem to agree in general characteris- tics. The costae are rather variable, sometimes being well developed and in other specimens being weakly developed. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19284, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625872. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed as single specimens in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone, Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.1.) and Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozon formation. Plectofrondicularia mansfieldi Cushman and Ponton Plectofrondicularia mansfieldi Cushman and Ponton, 1931, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 7, p. 60, pl. 8, figs. la-b (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19410, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625874. Occurrence:—Fairly common in Globorotalia fohsi lobata Zone and Globorotalia fohsit robusta Zone but scarce in the Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.l.), the Globorotalia menardu menardii/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and in the lower part of the Sphaeroidinella semi- nulina Zone, Pozon formation. Family BULIMINIDAE Genus ANGULOGERINA Cushman, 1927 Angulogerina illingi Cushman and Renz Angulogerina illingi Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, pt. 1, p. 21, pl. 3, figs. 19-20. 144 BULLETIN 178 Angulogerina yumuriana Palmer, 1941, Soc. cubana hist. nat.. Mem., vol. 15, No. 2, p. 186, pl. 15, fig. 8. Angulogerina illingi Cushman and Renz, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 114, pl. VII, figs. 31, 32a-b. Remarks:—Generally rather similar to Angulogerina cooperen- sis Cushman but has a more carinate and triangular test with a virtual absence of ornamentation. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19507, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625876. Occurrence:—Only seen in isolated samples from the Globoro- talia fohsi robusta Zone, and in the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Pozon formation. Genus BOLIVINA d’Orbigny, 1839 Bolivina advena Cushman Bolivina advena Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 1, No. 8, p. 29, pl. 5, fig. 1 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 eft seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19791, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625878. Occurrence:—Scarce in the upper part of the Globorotala menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone but fairly common in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Bolivina alazanensis Cushman Bolivina alazanensis Cushman, 1926, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 1, p. 82, pl. 12, figs. la-b (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Remarks:—The sutures of this form are distinctly limbate and the marginal part of the chambers strongly directed towards the initial end of the test. The median suture forms a distinct ridge. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625880. Occurrence:—Only seen in isolated samples from the Catapsy- drax stainfortht Zone, Tocuyo formation. Bolivina byramensis Cushman Bolivina caelata Cushman var. byramensis Cushman, 1923, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 133, p. 19, pl. 1, fig. 9. Bolivina byramensis Cushman, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ. 9, p-. 69, pl. 8; figs: 18-20; Tocuyo AND Pozon FoRMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 145 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625882. Occurrence:—Fairly common in the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone but rather scarce in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.), and Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon forma- tions. Bolivina caudriae Cushman and Renz Bolivina caudriae Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, pt. 1, p. 19, pl. 3, figs. 13-14. Remarks:—This species appears to be closely related to Bo- livina arta Macfadyen but is generally smaller and with a less compressed test. Also this species has curved sutures. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625884. Occurrence:—Only observed in isolated samples from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Bolivina imporeata Cushman and Renz Bolivina floridana Cushman var. imporcata Cushman and Renz, 1944, Cush- man Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 20, pt. 3, p. 78. Bolivina imporcata Cushman and Renz, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 118, pl. VII, figs. 3a-b. Remarks:—Originally described as a variety of Bolivina flori- dana Cushman, but this form appears to be distinctly different from this species considering the more elongate nature of its test and chambers. Some specimens show elongate gently tapering tests with the last two chambers rather inflated. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19320, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625886. Occurrence:—Occurs throughout the Pozén formation and often especially abundant in Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.1.) but becomes scarce in the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Bolivina isidroensis Cushman and Renz Bolivina isidroensis Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Conti vole eptle pali/mp las iices. 146 BULLETIN 178 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19320, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625888. Occurrence: —Common in the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.1.), Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.l.), and Globorotaha menardu men- ardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone but becomes scarce in the Sphae- roidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Bolivina marginata multicostata Cushman Bolivina marginata Cushman var. multicostata Cushman, 1930, Florida Geol. Surv., Bull., pt. 6, pl. 8, figs. 13-14 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 eft seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19784, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625890. Occurrence:—Only observed by the writer in the upper part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and in the lower part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Renz (1948), however, recorded this species as occur- ring nearly throughout all of the upper Tocuyo and Pozon forma- tions. Bolivina pisciformis Galloway and Morrey JL, (i, aie, Bolivina pisciformis Galloway and Morrey, 1929, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, ING, SS) fe BG, wb Se ante, TIGL Remarks:—This species has a broad test in which the marginal ends of the chambers are strongly directed to the initial end. This species resembles Bolivina alazanensis Cushman but has narrower chambers. It differs from Bolivina alata (Seguenza), with which it has been confused, by having broader later chambers. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19320, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; Plate 7, figure 21. deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625892. Occurrence:—This species seems to be restricted to, and is fairly common in, the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Globigerina- tella insweta Zone (s.1.) and Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), To- cuyo and Pozén formations. Bolivina pozonensis Cushman and Renz Bolivina pozonensis Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Gontr evole 75 ptanlGpenlG,) Die Gel oenG: Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 147 Remarks:—This species is distinct from Bolivina mantaensis Cushman, largely because of this species’ “coarsely perforate wall structure”. The fine longitudinal costae mentioned by Cushman and Renz in their type description seem to be a variable feature. In some specimens these costae are pronounced; in others, costae can only be observed when the specimen is moistened. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19460, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625894. Occurrence:—Fairly common in the Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone, Globigerina mayeri Zone (s5.l.) and in the Globorotalia men- ardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. It becomes scarce in the lower part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozén for- mation. Bolivina pseudobeyrichi Cushman IPG, 1a, 2 Non Bolivina beyrichi Reuss var. alata (Seguenza), Brady, 1884, Challenger Exped. Rept., Zool., vol. 9, p. 422, pl. 53, figs. 2-4. Bolivina beyrichi var. alata Cushman (non Seguenza), 1911, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 35, text-Fig. 57, (fide Drooger, 1953). Bolivina pseudobeyrichi Cushman, 1937, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Rec., Spec. Pub. 9, p. 139, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5 (fide Drooger, 1953). Bolivina alata Renz (non Sequenza), 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 116, pl. VII, fig. 26; pl. XII, figs. 12 a-b. Remarks:—This species appears to be related to Bolivina bey- richt Reuss but possesses a more-or-less continuous keel of clear shell material between the peripheral spines. Drooger (1953, p. 131) pointed out that most West Indian references of Bolivina alata are different from Seguenza’s type. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19400, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, figure 22, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625895. Occurrence:—Occurs, but is scarce, in the Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s..) and in the lower part of the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Pozon formation. Bolivina simplex Cushman and Renz Bolivina interjuncta Cushman var. simplex Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cush- man Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, pt 1, p. 20, pl. 3, fig. 15. 148 BuLLETIN 178 Bolivina simplex Cushman and Renz, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 119, pl. VII, figs. 4a-b. Non Bolivina simplex Phleger and Parker, 1951, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 46, pt. 2, p. 14, pl. 7, figs. 4-6. Remarks:—Renz elevated the Cushman and Renz variety to specific rank in 1948. Bolivina simplex Phleger and Parker, 1951 is distinctly different from the strongly costate species of Cush- man and Renz. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19789, auger line near Pozén, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625897. Occurrence:—First observed, and scarce, in the Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Zone, but becomes abundant in the upper part of Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and common in the overlying Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. The distribution and abundance of this form seems to be closely controlled by ecological conditions since it occurs in floods in isolated samples but may be scarce in stratigraphically ad- jacent samples. Bolivina suteri Cushman and Renz Bolivina suteri Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Conti volhili_epty leaps Ssep lie shetione 9: Remarks:—A distinctive form with highly inflated chambers and incised sutures. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19450, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625899. Occurrence:—Only observed in a few samples from the Globo- rotalia fohsi robusta Zone and Globorotaha mayeri Zone (sl.), Pozon formation. Bolivina thalmanni Renz Bolivina thalmanni Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 120, pi. XII, figs. 13a-c. ; Remarks:—This species is quite distinctive mainly because of its coarse reticulate ornamentation, but it may be related to Bolwina cancellata Bermudez. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19536, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625901. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 149 Occurrence:—Observed only in isolated samples from the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (5.1.), Pozin formation. Genus BULIMINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Bulimina alazanensis Cushman Bulimina alazanensis Cushman, 1927, Jour. Pal., vol. 1, p. 161, pl. 25, fig. 4 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19445, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625903. Occurrence:—Occurs, but is scarce, in the Catapsydrax stain- jortht Zone and Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.) but becomes common to abundant in the Globorotalia fohsi lobata Zone, the Globorotalia fohst robusta Zone, and in the Globorotalia mayer Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Scarce in sediments younger than the latter zone. Bulimina alligata (Cushman and Laiming) Pl. 6, fig. 23 Bulimina inflata Seguenza var. alligata Cushman and Laiming, 1931, Jour. Pal., vol. 5, No. 2, p. 107, pl. 11, figs. 17a-b (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Remarks:—The writer considers that this form is distinct from Bulimina inflata, and accordingly it is elevated to specific rank. The costae are fairly weak but arranged generally in longitudinal lines. The chambers are axially longer than in Bulimina inflata. especially the last chamber, but the spines are not so well pro- nounced. The aperture is also rather more elongate than in Buli- mina inflata Seguenza. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, figure 23, deposited in U.S.N.M. - collection, No. 625905. Occurrence:—Seems to be restricted to the upper Tocuyo formation and the Pozon formation below the middle part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. Bulimina faleonensis Renz Bulimina falconensis Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 121, pl. VI, figs. 15a-b. Remarks:—Renz (1948) considered his species to be identical 150 BULLETIN 178 with Bulimina buchiana Cushman and Ponton, 1932. However, the name Bulimina buchiana was used by D’Orbigny in 1846; hence Bulimina buchiana Cushman and Ponton, 1932 is a homonym of Bulimina buchiana d’Orbigny, 1846 and, therefore, invalid. Bulimina falconensis is probably closely related to Bulimina sculptis Cushman, 1923 (non Renz, 1942) but can be distinguished from the latter species by the less regular costae some of which do not reach the initial end of the test. The chambers of Bulimina sculptis Cushman are more inflated than in Bulimina falconensis. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19460, auger line near Pozén, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625907. Occurrence:—Scarce in the Globorotalia fohst lobata Zone but becomes fairly frequent in the Globorotalia fohst robusta Zone and in the Globorotalia mayeri/Globorotalia lenguaensits Subzone, Pozon formation. Bulimina inflata Seguenza Bulimina inflata Seguenza, 1862, Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat., Atti., ser. 2, vol. 18, p. 109, pl. 1, fig. 10 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19300, auger line near Pozén, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625909. Occurrence:—Fairly common throughout the upper Tocuyo and Pozén formations, although it only occurs sporadically in the uppermost part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. Bulimina pupoides d’Orbigny Bulimina pupoides dOrbigny, 1846, Foraminiféres fossiles du bassin ter- tiaire de Vienne (Autriche), p. 185, pl. 11, figs. 11-12. (Fide Ellis and Messina, 1940, ef seq.). Remarks:—The form is rather variable: in some forms the last chamber embraces most of the earlier test; in others as many as three or four earlier whorls are visible. However, all gradations exist between these two extremes. Some forms have a fairly well- developed basal projection. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625911. Occurrence:—This species appears to have a similar strati- graphical and ecological distribution to Bulimina (Globobulimina) perversa Cushman. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 151 Subgenus GLOBOBULIMINA Cushman, 1927 Bulimina (Globobulimina) perversa Cushman Bulimina pyrula d’Orbigny var. perversa Cushman, 1921, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 163, text-figs 2a-c. Bulimina (Globobulimina) perversa Cushman, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 122, pl. VI, fig. 16. Remarks:—This form shows rather variable morphology: some specimens tend to be rather more elongate, others are al- most as broad as long, but all transitions occur. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozoén, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625913. Occurrence:—This form seems to be strongly influenced by ecological conditions since its occurrence is often sporadic and vari- able, often associated with rather poor mainly “arenaceous faunas”. Generally scarce in all zones below the middle part of the Sphae- roidinella seminulina Zone, Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911 Buliminella basistriata nuda Howe and Wallace Buliminella basistriata Cushman and Jarvis var. nuda Howe and Wallace, 1932, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull., No. 2, p. 60, pl. 11, fig. 4 (fide Renz, 1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625915. Occurrence:—Occurs in variable abundance throughout the upper Tocuyo and Pozén formations. It is especially abundant in the lower part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. It is strongly influenced by ecological conditions and often occurs in floods but may become scarce in samples only a few feet stratigraphically higher or lower. Genus ENTOSOLENIA Ehrenberg, 1848 Entosolenia marginata (Walker and Boys) Serpula (Lagena) marginata Walker and Boys, 1784, Test, Min., p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 7 (fide Beckmann, 1953). Lagena marginata (Walker and Boys), Beckman, 1953, Eclog. Geol. Helv., vol. 46, No. 2, p. 358, pl. 20, fig. 5. Remarks:—This form shows the presence of a distinct internal tube. Test is rather compressed with a peripheral flange of clear 152 BuLLeETiIn 178 shell material. Aperture at the end of a distinct and fairly long neck which is elliptical in cross-section. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625917. Occurrence:—Ubiquitous and fairly common in all zones below the base of the Sphaerotdinella seminulina Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Genus REUSSELLA Galloway, 1933 Reussella spinulosa (Reuss) VEL Wie eles, Ye Verneuilina spinulosa Reuss, 1859, Akad. Wiss. Wien Denkschr., vol. 1, p. 374, fig. 12 (fide Ellis and Messins, 1940 et seq.). Reussella spinulosa (Reuss), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc Amer., Mem. 32, p. 156. pl. VII, figs. 16-17. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 20131, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 7, figure 24, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625919. Occurrence:—Renz recorded this species as being restricted to his Elphidium poeyanum-Reussella spinulosa Zonule (= part of Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozén formation), but the present writer has observed isolated specimens stratigraphically lower and associated with Vaginulinopsis superbus. It is closely associated with some species of Rotalia, and its occurrence is strongly gov- erned by ecological conditions. It may be common in a particular sample but may be rare or absent in stratigraphically adjacent samples. It has been observed in varying frequency from the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone and Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Genus SIPHOGENERINA Schlumberger, 1883 Siphogenerina kugleri Cushman and Renz Siphogenerina kugleri Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr, svoledvepts lyeps ca aples etic sez l-22. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19282, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625921. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in samples from the Globi- gerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone and Glob- orotalia fohsi fohsi Zone, Pozon formation. Tocuyo aNnp Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 153 Siphogenerina lamellata Cushman Siphogencrina lamellata Cushman, 1918, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 676, p. 55, pl. 12, fig. 3. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625923. Occurrence:—Common or abundant in all zones of the upper Tocuyo and Pozon formations below the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. Occasional specimens have been observed in the middle to lower part of this latter zone. The disappearance of this species may be due to ecological rather than stratigraphical reasons. Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis, 1929, Cushman Lab, Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 5, p. 14, pl. 3, fig. 6 (fide Renz, 1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625925. Occurrence: —Generally scarce but observed in samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (sJ.) and in the Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s.1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Siphogenerina senni Cushman and Renz Siphogenerina senni Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, pt. 1, p. 22, pl. 3, figs. 21-22. Siphogenerina cummingsi Galloway and Heminway, 1941, New York Acad. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 4 ,p. 433, pl. 34, figs. 6-7. Siphogenerina yumuriana Palmer, 1941, Soc. cubana hist. nat., Mem., vol. 15, No. 2, p. 185, pl. 15, figs. 3-4. Siphogenerina senni Cushman and Renz, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 165, pl. VII, figs. 29a-b, 30. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19116, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625927. Occurrence:—Rather scarce, but observed in samples from the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone, Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), and in the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.1.), Tocuyo and Pozon for- mations. Siphogenerina transversa Cushman Pl. 6, fig. 25 Siphogenerina raphanus (Parker and Jones) var. transversus Cushman, 1918, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 103, p. 64, pl. 22, fig. 8 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). 154 BuLLeETIN 178 Siphogenerina transversa Cushman, Cushman and Parker, 1931, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 7, p. 10, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6 (fide Renz, 1948). Siphogenerina transversa Cushman, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, pa i66- ple Willeshes: 275 28" ple sXe ties oe Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 6, fig. 25, deposited in U.S.N.M. col- lection, No. 625929. Occurrence:—Renz used this species as the zonal index for his Siphogenerina transversa Zone. It does not range higher than the middle part of the Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Zone. Common to abund- ant in the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, and in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s./.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations, but becomes comparatively scarce thereafter. Since there is no apparent change of facies over the interval covering the disappearance of this form, it is considered that its disappearance is due to stratigraphical reasons alone. Genus STILOSTOMELLA Guppy, 1894 Stilostomella verneuili (d’Orbigny) Dentalina verneuili @Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiféres fossiles du bassin tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche), p. 48, pl. 2, figs. 7-8. (Fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 i oe verneuili (d’Orbigny), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. Poo, TL, yolk \WAUUL sever, Soh}, Remarks:—TVhe specimens observed in the Pozon-FEl Mene Road section appear to be typical for the species. Stainforth (1952b) specifically mentions this species as included in the genus Siphonodosaria and gave cogent reasons why Fllipsonodosaria should be placed in synonymy with Nodosarella. The latter genus, however, has a crescentic aperture whilst the species “vernewalr” possesses a round aperture with a short collar-like neck. Later, Stainforth (1952c) pointed out that the genus Stilostomella has priority over the genus Siphonodosaria. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 62593 Occurrence:—Common in all zones of the upper Tocuyo and Pozon formations, below the base of the Sphaerotdinella seminulina Zone. al Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 15 Genus UVIGERINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Uvigerina auberiana attenuata Cushman and Renz Uvigerina auberiana d’Orbigny var. attenuata Cushman and Renz, Cushman abs Horam wes) Contm volels. ps 2le pls 3. tie. 172 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625932. Occurrence:—Generally rather scarce in all zones of the upper Tocuyo and Pozon formations below the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. Uvigerina capayana Hedberg Uvigerina pygmaea d’Orbigny var. capayana Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, p. 677, pl. 91, fig. 19. Uvigerina capayana Hedberg, Cushman and Edwards, 1938, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 14, p. 80, pl. 14, fig. 1 (fide Renz, 1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625934. Occurrence:—Generally common in all zones of the upper Tocuyo and Pozon formations below the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone but scarce in this latter zone. Uvigerina carapitana Hedberg Uvigerina carapitana Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, No. 8, p. 677, pl. 91, fig. 20. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19284, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625936. Occurrence:—Generally common in all zones of the upper Tocuyo and Pozén formations below the lower to middle part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. Uvigerina cubana Palmer and Bermudez Pl. 8, fig. 26 Uvigerina cubana Palmer and Bermudez, 1936, Soc. cubana hist. nat., Mem., Violen LOSsps 292. ple di7 tgs. 5-6: Remarks:—This species appears to be closely related to Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman, 1926 and possibly to Uvigerina bar- batula Macfadyen. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 8, fig. 26, deposited in U.S.N.M. col- lection, No. 625938. 156 BULLETIN 178 Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Uvigerina gallowayi basicordata Cushman and Renz Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman var. basicordata Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, pt. 1, p. 21, pl. 3, fig. 18. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19283, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625940. Occurrence:—Only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Uvigerina cf. hannai Kleinpell cf. Uvigerina californica Hanna (non Cushman), 1928, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol. , vol. 12, pl. 9, fig. 3 (fide Kleinpell, 1938). cf. Uvigerina hannai Kleinpell, 1938, Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., Spec. Publ., p. 294. Uvigerina cf. hannai Kleinpell, Renz, 1948 (pars), Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 30 pr 74s pleeeeties. doa-be (noteticyel 7) Remarks:—The writer’s specimens do not show the costae over the earlier chambers as shown by Renz (1948, pl. XII, fig. 17) and as mentioned by Kleinpell (1938, p. 294). However, the speci- mens appear to be identical to some figured by Renz (1948, pl. XII, figs. 16a-b) and only show the slightest trace of rather irregular fine costae when the specimens are moistened. The writer’s speci- mens are only tentatively assigned to Kleinpell’s species. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19405, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625942. Occurrence: Searce in the Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Zone but becomes common in the Globorotalia fohsi lobata Zone, Globoro- talia fohsi robusta Zone and also in the Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.l.). Only occasional specimens have been seen in the lower part of the Globorotalia menardu menardii/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozon formation. Uvigerina isidroensis Cushman and Renz Uvigerina isidroensis Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr, vol. 17, pt. Ip. 20), pl. 3, fg. 16: Uvigerina hispido-costata Cushman and Todd, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Pub. 15, p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 27, 31 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Tocuyo ANpD Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 157 Remarks:—This form shows considerable variation. The typi- cal form is strongly costate with the costae not quite covering the last chamber; however, in other forms the costae are wanting on the last chamber but small poorly formed pustules may be present. All transitions between forms with costae over the complete test and forms with pustules over the last chamber are present. The number of chambers is also variable. Usually about 4-5 whorls are present but sometimes as many as seven are observed with the last chamber becoming rather pointed, and the aperture centrally placed. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19282, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625944. Occurrence:—Ubiquitous but varies greatly in_ frequency. Generally rather scarce in the mainly planktonic facies of the Catap- sydrax stainforthi Zone, Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), and in the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.). Often common or abundant in the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, and in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone but becomes scarce in the overlying Globigerina bulloides Zone, Tocuyo and Pozon forma- tions. The distribution of this form is strongly dependent on eco- logical conditions, some samples from the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and Sphaeroidinella semi- nulina Zone have over 95°, of the total fauna present as this species. It is often associated with Bolivina imporcata and Bolivina simplex. Uvigerina rustica Cushman and Edwards Uvigerina rustica Cushman and Edwards, 1938, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 14, p. 83, pl. 14, fig. 6 (fide Renz, 1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625946. Occurrence:—Generally rather scarce in all zones of the upper Tocuyo and Pozén formations below the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. Genus VIRGULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Virgulina pontoni Cushman Virgulina pontoni Cushman, 1932, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 8. p. 17, pl. 3, fig. 7 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). 158 BuLLeETIN 178 Virgulina pontoni Cushman, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 178, pl. VI, fig. 18. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19405, auger line near Pozoén, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625948. Occurrence:—Fairly common in the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (sl.) and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l1.), Pozon formation. Family ROTALITDAE Genus CANCRIS Montfort, 1808 Cancris panamensis Natland Cancris panamensis Natland, 1938, Scripps Inst. Oceanog., Bull. Tech. Ser., vol. 4, No. 5, p. 148, pl. 6, figs. la-c (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19284, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625950. Occurrence:—Common in all zones of the upper Tocuyo and Pozén formations below the Globigerina bulloides Zone. Cancris sagra (d’Orbigny) Rotalia sagra dOrbigny, 1839, “Foraminiferes’, in de la Sagra, Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de Vile de Cuba, p. 77, pl. 5, figs. 13-15 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Cancris sagra (d’Orbigny), Cushman, 1931, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 74, pl. 15, fig. 2 (fide Renz, 1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19340, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625952. Occurrence:—Occurs rarely and only sporadically in the Globo- rotalia fohsi “Zone” (s./.) and in the Globorotalia mayert Zone (sl.) but becomes relatively common in the upper part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone and in Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone; scarce in the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozén formation. Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808 Eponides crebbsi Hedberg Eponides crebbsi Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, p. 679, pl. 92, figs. 1a-c. Remarks:—TVhe sinuous umbilical sutures makes this species distinctive. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625954. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 159 Occurrence: —Common or fairly common in the upper part of the Tocuyo formation and in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s..), Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s.1.) and Globorotaha mayeri Zone (s.l.), but only occurs in isolated samples from the Globoro- talia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozén forma- tion. Eponides parantillarum Galloway and Heminway Eponides parantillarum Galloway and Heminway, 1941, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 374, pl. 18 figs. la-c. ; Remarks:—This form appears to be closely related to Eponides antilarum (d’Orbigny ). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19849, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625956. Occurrence:—Fairly common in, and apparently restricted to, the middle to upper part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Eponides umbonatus ecuadorensis (Galloway and Morrey) Rotalia ecuadorensis Galloway and Morrey, 1929, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, No. 55, p. 26, pl. 3, figs. 13a-c Eponides umbonatus (Reuss) var. ecuadorensis (Galloway and Morrey), Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, No. 8, p. 679, pl. 91, fig. 22. Remarks:—This form shows a strongly vaulted umbilical side and a convex spiral side; sutures not depressed, radial on the spiral side and slightly sinuous umbilically. Chambers, as seen from spiral side, are rather narrow but elongate tangentially. Umbilicus closed, aperture interiomarginal, sutural, rather short, midway between the keeled periphery and the umbilicus. The subspecies is distinguished from the parent species by virtue of the slightly sinuous umbilical sutures and umbilical plug. This form shows a combination of many of the characters used by Brotzen (1942) to differentiate Gyroidina and Eponides. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19320, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625958. Occurrence:—Rather scarce in the upper part of the Tocuyo formation and in the Globigerinatella insweta Zone (s.1.) but be- comes common or even abundant in samples from the Globorotalia 160 BuLLETIN 178 fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Globorotaha mayert Zone (s.l.), and Globoro- tala menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. Becomes rare and only occurs sporadically in the lower part of the Sphaeroidi- nella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Genus GYROIDINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Gyroidina parva Cushman and Renz Gyroidina parva Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Costes, qb 17/5 jets 1, foo 23) IL ch one, A Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19340, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625960. Occurrence:—Occurs throughout the upper part of the Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Usually rather scarce below the Globorotalia fosht foshi Zone and above the Globorotalia menardu menardi/ Globigerina nepenthes Zone, but common or abundant especially in the Globorotalha fohst robusta Zone and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (sale) Genus GYROIDINOIDES Brotzen, 1942 Gyroidinoides altiformis (R. E. and K. C. Stewart) Pl. 7, figs. 27a-e Gyroidina soldanii d’Orbigny var. altiformis R. E. and K. C. Stewart, 1930, Jour balenvols4+.ap-O/smpleng wilesn2s Gyroidinoides soldanii (d’Orbigny) war. altiformis (R. E. and K. C. Stew- art), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem 32, p. 140, pl. VIII, figs. 13a-c. Remarks:—This form is different from D’Orbigny’s illustra- tions of the species ‘“soldaniu” and from Gyrotidinoides cf. zelandica Finlay. The sutures of the spiral side are distinct and the spiral suture well marked throughout. Sutures between the chambers are fairly deeply incised. The writer considers that this form 1s worthy of specific status and it is elevated accordingly. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 7, figs. 27a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625962. Occurrence:—Fairly common in all zones of the Pozon forma- tion below the base of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone and in the upper part of the Tocuyo formation. Occasional specimens have been observed in samples from the upper part of the Sphaerotdt- nella seminulina Zone. The disappearance of this form in eastern Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 161 Falcon seems to be due to ecological rather than stratigraphical reasons. Gyroidinoides byramensis campester (Palmer and Bermudez) Eponides byramensis (Cushman) var. campester Palmer and Bermudez, 1941, Soc. cubana hist. nat.. Mem., vol. 15, No. 2, p. 192. Gyroidinoides byramensis (Cushman) var. campester (Palmer and Ber- mudez), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc Amer., Mem. 32, pp. 139-140, pl. VIII, figs. 15a-b; pl. IX, fig. 1. Eponides campester Palmer and Bermudez, Bermudez, 1949, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Special Pub, 25, p. 245, pl. 16, figs. 40-42. Remarks:—The present writer agrees with Renz (1948) that this species is best placed within the genus Gyroidinoides Brotzen, 1942 on account of the distinctive open umbilicus. Faint traces of an apertural lip have been observed which serve to substantiate the generic allocation. The subspecies differs from the parent species in having slightly limbate sutures and a less vaulted umbilical sur- face. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19284, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625964. Occurrence:—Generally scarce but has been observed in samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s.l.), and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Pozén formation. Gyroidinoides planulata (Cushman and Renz) Gyroidina planulata Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., VOla ipa pty Inipy coeeple4e nies lk Gyroidinoides planulata (Cushman and Renz), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 140, pl. VIII, figs. 11a-c. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19282, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection No. 625966. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone, Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone, and Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Zone, Pozon forma- tion. Gyroidinoides venezuelana Renz Gyroidinoides venezuelana Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 141, p. XII, figs. 21a-c. 162 BULLETIN 178 Remarks:—Renz considers his species related to Gyroidina lae- vigata d’Orbigny but distinguished from D’Orbigny’s species by the more sharply edged periphery and less inflated chambers. Renz further stated that his species is also related to Gyroidinoides planulata Cushman and Renz which, however, has a rounded periphery. Hypotype:—From sample No. RM _ 19305, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625968. Occurrence:—Scarce in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations but becomes fairly common in the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.1.) and Globorotalia mayer Zone (sl.) and rather scarce in the Globorotalia menardu menardu/ Globigerina nepenthes Zone and only observed in isolated samples from the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Gyroidinoides cf. zelandiea (Finlay) Pl. 8, figs. 28a-c cf. Gyroidina zelandica Finlay, 1939, Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Trans. Proc., vol. 69, pt. 3, p. 323, pl. 28, figs. 138-140 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Gyroidina cf. soldanii Galloway and Heminway (non d’Orbigny), 1941, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, vol. 3, pt. 4 p: 377, pl. 15, figs. 7a-c. Gyroidinoides cf. soldanii Renz (non d’Orbigny), 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 32, p. 140, pl. VIII, figs. 14a-c. Remarks:—Renz (1948) tentatively referred some species identical to those seen by the writer to Gyroidinoides soldanu (d’Orbigny). However, D’Orbigny’s figure of Gyrotdina soldanu shows radial sutures on the spiral side and a well-marked spiral suture throughout; furthermore the umbilicial side is not highly vaulted. The specimens seen in the Tocuyo and Pozén formations agree closely with Finlay’s species although the eastern Falcon specimens have a slightly wider umbilicus. Cushman and Stainforth (1948) figured a form as Gyroidina girardana (Reuss) var. perampla which also appears to be close to both Finlay’s G. zelandica and the writer’s specimens. However, since Finlay’s species has priority and the eastern Falcén material resembles both G. girardana var. perampla and G. zelandica equally closely, they are tentatively Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 163 referred to the latter species. Finlay (1939) considered his species as being related to Gyrotdinoides altiformis (R. E. and K. C. Stewart) and the specimens seen here also show a similar relation- ship. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19283, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 8, figures 28a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625970. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.) and Globorotalia fohsi fohst Zone, Poz6n formation. Genus PULVINULINELLA Cushman, 1926 Pulvinulinella culter (Parker and Jones) Planorbulina fareta (Fichtel and Moll) var. wageriana_ (d’Orbigny) subvar. culter Parker and Jones, 1865, Roy. Soc. London, Phil. Trans., vol. 155, p. 382. pl. 9, figs. la-b (fide Cushman, 1929). Pulvinulinella culter (Parker and Jones), Cushman, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 5, p. 100, pl. 14, fig. 13. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625972. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone, Globigerinatella imsueta/ Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, Tocuyo formation, and the lower part of the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Sub- zone, Pozon formation. Pulvinulinella jarvisi Cushman and Renz Pulvinulinella jarvisi Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr) voll 17, pts 1, ps 24. plo 45 figs 4 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625974. Occurrence:—Observed only in samples from the Globigerina- tella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone and Globorotalta fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Pozén formation. Genus ROTALIA Lamarck, 1804 Rotalia becearii (Linné) Nautilus beccarii Linné, 1767, Systema Naturae, 12th ed., vol. 1, p. 1162. (Fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Rotalia beccarii (Linné), Cushman, 1928, Cushman Lab, Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 4, p. 103, pl. 15 (fide Renz, 1948). 164 BULLETIN 178 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 20131, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625976. Occurrence:—Only observed by the writer in the middle to upper part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone and in the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. It becomes common in the overlying Ojo de Agua formation. Genus SIPHONINA Reuss, 1850 Siphonina pozonensis Cushman and Renz Siphonina pozonensis Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab, Foram. Res., Contre, volkd7piel apse eplenaametl ons) Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625978. Occurrence:—Occurs in varying frequency in the upper part of the Tocuyo formation and throughout the Poz6n formation below the Globigerina bulloides Zone. Most frequent in the Globoro- talia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.) and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.1.) but becomes scarce in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. Genus VALVULINERIA Cushman, 1926 Valvulineria herricki (Hadley) Pl. 8, figs. 29a-b Cibicorbis herricki Hadley, 1934, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 20. p. 26, pl. 5, figs. 1-3 (fide Renz, 1948). Cibicides kugleri Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr evolwml/ pt lemp a2 /aap leeA neki om lil Valvulineria herricki (Hadley), Renz. 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 177, pl. VIII, figs. 10a-c. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19405, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 8, figures 29a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625980. Occurrence:—Renz (1948) used the partial occurrence of this species to define his Valvulineria herricki Zone. The present writer has observed specimens in the uppermost part of the Globorotala fohsi fohsi Zone, Globorotalia fohsi lobata Zone, Globorotalia fohst robusta Zone, and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Pozon forma- tion. Some specimens have been noted associated with Marginu- linopsis basispinosus. The distribution of this form seems to be strongly influenced by ecological conditions since it 1s most frequent in sample con- Tocuyo AND PozoN FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 165 taining an appreciable planktonic component and absent in samples with a rich Uvigerina isidroensis-Bolivina imporcata-Bolivina sim- plex assemblage. Valvulineria inaequalis lobata Cushman and Renz Valvulineria inaequalis (d’Orbigny) var. lobata Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, pt. 1, p. 23, pl. 3, fig. 24, Hypotype:—From sample, No. 19180, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625982. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), and from the Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Family AMPHISTEGINIDAE Genus AMPHISTEGINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Amphistegina cf. lessonii d’Orbigny cf. dmphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, sér. 1, vol. 7, p. 304, Modéles No 98 (fide Renz, 1948). Remarks:—Most of the specimens present in the Pozon sec- tion are broken and abraded. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19888, auger line near Pozén, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625983. Occurrence:—Occurs mainly in the uppermost part of the Pozon formation (Huso Clay member). Family CASSIDULINIDAE Genus CASSIDULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Cassidulina carapitana Hedberg Cassidulina carapitana Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, No. 8, p. 680, pl. 96, figs. 6a-b. Remarks:—Hedberg (1937, p. 680) remarked that his species belongs to the group of Cassidulina laevigata dOrbigny but can be distinguished from this species since the sutures of Cassidulina carapitana are more sharply curved in the umbonal areas than in D’Orbigny’s species. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19283, auger line near 166 BULLETIN 178 Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625985. Occurrence:—Common in all zones of the upper Tocuyo and Pozon formations below the middle part of the Sphaeroidinella semi- nulina Zone. The disappearance of this form seems to be due to ecological rather than stratigraphical reasons. Cassidulina crassa d’Orbigny Cassidulina crassa dOrbigny, 1839, Voyage dans l’Amérique Meéridionale; “Foraminifeéres”, vol. 5, pt. 5, p. 56, pl. 7, figs. 18-20. (Fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625987. Occurrence:—Common in all zones of the Pozén formation below the middle to upper part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone but rather scarce in the Tocuyo formation. Cassidulina delicata Cushman Cassidulina delicata Cushman, 1927, California Univ., Scripps Inst. Oceanog., Bull. Tech. ser., vol. 1, p. 168, pl. 6, fig. 5 (fide Renz 1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. 19285, auger line near Poz6n, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625989. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone and Globorotalia fohst barisanensis Zone, Pozon formation. Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann Sci. Nat., Paris, sér. 1, vol. 7, p. 282, pl. 15, figs. 4-5 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625991. Occurrence:—Fairly common in all zones of the Pozén forma- tion below the Globigerina bulloides Zone and in the upper part of the Tocuyo formation; especially common in the Globorotalia men- ardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. Cassidulina subglobosa Brady Cassidulina subglobosa Brady, 1881, Roy. Micr. Soc., Quart. Jour., new. ser., vol. 21, p. 60 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Remarks:—The aperture of this form is normal to the axis of coiling. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 167 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625993. Occurrence:—Ubiquitous although rather scarce. Ranges throughout the upper Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Cassidulina subglobosa horizontalis Cushman and Renz Cassidulina subgobosa Brady var. horizontalis Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, pt. 1, p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 8. Remarks:—This subspecies has the aperture parallel to the axis of coiling. Other characters are similar to the parent species. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625995. Occurrence:—Scarce and does not occur above the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozén formation. Genus CASSIDULINOIDES Cushman, 1927 Cassidulinoides ereeta Cushman and Renz Cassidulinoides erecta Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contrib: vol) 17, ps 25) pl: 4; figs: 6-7. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19320, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625996. Occurrence:—Scarce, only observed in a few samples from the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Pozon formation. Genus EHRENBERGINA Reuss, 1850 Ehrenbergina caribbea Galloway and Heminway Ehrenbergina caribbea Galloway and Heminway, 1941, New York Acad. Sci., Sci Sury. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, vol. 3. pt. 4, p. 426, pl. 32, figs. 4a-d. Ehrenbergina caribbea Galloway and Heminway, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 131, pl. IX, figs. 17a-b. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19355, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625997. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in samples from the Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s.J.) and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Pozén formation. Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE Genus CHILOSTOMELLA Reuss, 1850 168 BULLETIN 178 Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss, 1850, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. Cl., Denkschr., vol. 1, p. 380, pl. 48, fig. 12 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625999, Occurrence:—Scarce, only seen in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insweta Zone (5.1.) and Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.J.) Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Usually badly preserved. Ac- cording to Renz (1948) ranges throughout the Tocuyo formation and most of the Pozon formation. Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones, 1862 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny) Nonionina bulloides d’Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiféres fossiles du bassin tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche), p. 107, pt. 5, figs. 9-10. (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Pullenina bulloides (d’Orbigny), Kleinpell, 1938, Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., Specs Rubsepn 3485 (Dies SeehioSa Olen Se Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19284, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626001. Occurrence:—Generally rather scarce but observed in all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozén formations below the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. Pullenia salisburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart Pullenia salisburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart, 1930, Jour. Pal., vol. 4, p. 72, pl. 8, fig.2 (fide Renz, 1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19283, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626003. Occurrence: Scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.1.), and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l1.), Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Genus SPHAEROIDINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Sphaeroidina yariabilis Reuss Sphaeroidina variabilis Reuss, 1851, Deutsch. Geol. Ges., Zeitschr., vol. 3, p. 88, pl. 7, figs. 61-64 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Sphaeroidina variabilis Reuss, Cushman, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 5, p. 101. pl. 14, figs. 15a-c. Tocuyo aANp Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 169 Remarks:—This species shows considerable variation in size. Large specimens seem to be associated with mainly planktonic faunas. Dwarf specimens occur with Uvigerina tsidroensis-Bolwina simplex and Bolivina imporcata assemblages in the lower to middle part of the Sphaerotidinella seminulina Zone. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Fozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626005. Occurrence:—Occurs throughout the upper part of the Tocuyo and Pozén formations below the middle part of the Sphaerotdinella seminulina Zone. Most frequent in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (sl.), Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s.1.) and in the Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.l.). Family HANTKENINIDAE Subfamily CASSIGERINELLINAE Genus CASSIGERINELLA Pokorny, 1955 Cassigerinella chipolensis (Cushman and Ponton) Fl. 7, figs. 30a-c Cassidulina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton, 1932, Florida Geol. Surv., Bully No 29. 5p2.98;, pies. ties, Za-c: Cassidulina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton, Cushman and Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ. 14, p. 64, pl. 12, fig. 5 Cassigerinella chipolensis (Cushman and Ponton), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 108, pl. 22, figs. 3a-c. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19304, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 7, figures 30a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626007. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to the upper part of the Globorotalia fohst robusta Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Subfamily HASTIGERININAE Genus HASTIGERINA Thompson, 1876 Cushman named the genus Globigerinella in 1927 with Globi- gerina aequiateralis Brady as the type species. Brady remarked in his type description of Globigerina aequilateralis that the test 1s “planospiral and symmetrical” but also remarked that his species approached “Hastigerina in general form’. The apertures of Brady’s species, as seen from his illustrations, are not interiomarginal, equa- torial-symmetrical but asymmetric with an umbilical prolongation. 170 BULLETIN 178 Brady also illustrated a section of his species which shows that the early stages are trochospiral, and the form is not planispiral throughout. Cushman (1927) noted in the type description of Globigerinella that his genus was “‘trochoid in the young, at least in the microspheric form”, whilst Thompson (1876) defined Hasti- gerina (type species, Hastigerina murrayt Vhompson=Nononina pelagica d’Orbigny, 1839) as being trochospiral in the early stages but becoming planispiral later. As far as the writer 1s aware, the only difference between Cushman’s and Thompson’s type species are those of degree, not kind, and relate mainly to the presence or absence of coarse or fine spines. The actual nature of the spines in either form does not appear to be different. Since there does not appear to be any fundamental difference in morphology, the writer regards Globigerinella Cushman, 1927, as a junior synonym of Hastigerina Thompson, 1876. Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan (1957) also came to the same conclusions as the present writer concerning the validity of Globi- gerinella Cushman, 1927. No typical specimens of Hastigerina (—Globigerinella of authors) seem to occur before the Miocene (probably not earlier than Burdigalian); species referred to Globigerinella from the Cre- taceous by various authors (including Tappan, 1943 and Bronni- mann, 1952b) seem to be more likely referable to Biglobigerinella Lalicker, 1948 or Planomalina Loeblich and Tappan, 1946. It seems likely that Hastigerina has developed from a Globo- rotalia species close to Globorotalia obesa Bolli. In some gerontic forms of Globorotalia obesa from the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), the last chamber shows the aperture extending over and on to the periphery, at least as far as the median line. As pointed out above, the aperture in Hastigerina is asymmetrical with a distinct ventral prolongation; this ventral prolongation is thought to be homologous. with the interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical aperture of Globorotalia. The stratigraphical occurrence of Hasti- gerina supports the view that it may possibly have been derived from the Miocene globorotalid stock. Tocuyo AND PozON FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 171 Hastigerina aequilateralis (Brady) Hastigerina aequilateralis aequilateralis (Brady) Pl, 8, figs. 8la-b Globigerina aequilateralis Brady, 1879, Quart. Jour, Mier, Sei., London, nos. vol. 19, p. 285, figs. 18-21 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seg.). Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady), Bermudez, 1949, Cushman Lab. Foram, Res., Spec. Publ. 25, p. 280, pl. 21, fig, 51. Hastigerina cf. aequilateralis (Brady), Bolli, 1957, U.S, Nat. Mus, Bull. No. 215, p. 108, pl. 22, figs. la-2b. Remarks:—Brady’s figures show that there is considerable variation in the degree of involution present in this form. It seems that Recent specimens often show a greater degree of uncoiling than is present in the Miocene forms which do, however, show this tendency in the last chamber. The writer distinguishes this sub- species not entirely on the degree of involution but, more essen- tially, on the shape of the chambers and the nature of the aper- ture. This subspecies is distinguished from //astigerina aequilater- alis involuta (Cushman) by having subspherical, fairly well-sep- arated chambers and by having a more distinctly asymmetric aper- ture which does not extend far on to the dorsal side. Hypotype:—Vrom sample, No. RM 20065, auger line near Pozon, eastern Faleén; Plate 8, figs. 3la-b, deposited in U.S.N.M., collection, No. 626009, Occurrence: —Ranges from the Globorotalia mayert/Globoro- talia lenguaensis Subzone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Hastigerina aequilateralis involuta (Cushman) Pl. 8, figs. 32a-b Globigerina aequilateralis Brady, var. involuta Cushman, 1917, U.S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 51, No 2172, p. 662. (Figures in Cushman, 1921, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 100, vol. 4, p. 293, figs. 1la-l1c.), (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Remarks:—YVhis subspecies is distinguished from //astigerina aequilateralis aequilaterals (Brady) in having closely appressed, ovate chambers which are distinctly pointed towards the umbili- cus. This subspecies is generally more involute and has the aper- ture extending further over onto the dorsal side of the test (al- though it is still asymmetric with a distinct umbilical prolongation ) than in Hastigerina aequilateralis aequiateralis (Brady). 172 BULLETIN 178 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 20053, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 8, figs. 32a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626011. Occurrence:—Ranges from the middle part of the Globorotalia mayert/Globorotalia lenguaensts Subzone to the upper part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Poz6n formation. Family ORBULINIDAE Subfamily GLOBIGERININAE Genus GLOBIGERINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Globigerina angustiumbilicata (Bolli) Pl. 7, figs. 33a-c, 34 Globigerina ciperoensis angustiumbilicata Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 109, pl. 22, figs. 12a-13c. Remarks:—Bolli (1957) originally described this form as a subspecies of Globigerina ciperoensis Bolli, but in a recent letter to the writer he agreed that this form is now better considered as a distinct species. Globigerina angustiumbilicata shows several significant difter- ences from the two remaining subspecies of Globigerina ciperoen- sis. Firstly, as Bolli (1957, p. 109) pointed out in his original de- scription, the rate at which the chambers increase in size is dis- tinctly greater than in either Globigerina ciperoensis ciperoensis or Globigerina ciperoensis angulisuturalis. In this form the test 1s slightly more trochospiral and has a smaller and less deep umbili- cus than in either of the two subspecies of Globigerina ciperoensis. Another important feature seen in this form is that the aperture shows a tendency towards an interiomarginal, umbilical-extraum- bilical position as well as having a distinct lip. Finally, the range of this species is much more extended than that of Globigerina ciper- oensis ciperoensis and Globigerina ciperoensis angulisuturalis. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19507, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 7, figs. 33a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626013. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Globigerina apertura Cushman Pl. 8, figs. 35a-b Globigerina apertura Cushman, 1918, U.S. Geol. Sury., Bull., No. 676, p. 57, pl. 12, figs. 8a-c (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). 4 Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 173 Remarks:—This species shows a large, high-arched aperture with a distinct thickened rim. The umbilicus is wide, and the cham- bers rather loosely coiled. The writer’s specimens compare excellently with Cushman’s figured holotype, described from the Miocene of Virginia, U.S.A. Globigerina apertura Cushman differs from Globigerina ampli- apertura Bolli, 1957 by having looser coiling, a wider umbilicus, in- flated and well-separated chambers. Globigerina ampliapertura 1s restricted to the uppermost Eocene and lowermost Oligocene whilst Globigerina apertura does not appear until the middle to upper Miocene. Globigerina apertura is considered to be related to Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny since Globigerina apertura first appears slightly later than Globigerina bulloides. Transitional forms between these two species are present in some samples from the upper part of the Globorotalia menardiu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. However, Globigerina apertura may be distinguished from Globi- gerina bulloides by the very large and highly arched aperture, the distinctive apertural rim and the looser coiling. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19791, auger line near Pozén, eastern Falcén; Plate 8, figs. 35a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection No. 626015. Occurrence:—Ranges from the upper part of the Globorotala menardu. menardiu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone to the Sphaeroidi- nella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. This species may prove to be a most useful and restricted marker. Globigerina bradyi Wiesner IPs Bp ile, Bie Globigerina sp., Brady, 1884, Challenger Exped., Rept., Zool., vol. 9, p. ny, sore, fh, Y). Globigerina bradyi Wiesner, 1931, Die Foraminiferen der deutschen Stid- polar-Expedition 1901-1903. In: Drygalski, Deutsche Siidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, 1931, Bd. 20, (Zool. Bd. 12), p. 133 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Globigerina bradyi Wiesner, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 110, pl. 23. figs. 5a-c. Remarks:—The specimens observed in the Pozon-E] Mene Road section compare well with Brady’s figures and those figured by Bolli (1957) from southern Trinidad. Bolli (1957) remarked 174 BuLLETIN 178 that this species may be synonymous with Globigerinoides minuta Natland (1938) which has sutural supplementary apertures around the base of the last chamber. However, none of the writer’s speci- mens show secondary sutural apertures and they are, therefore, assigned to Wiesner’s species. Bolli (1957) also remarked that Globigerina juvenilis Bolli shows a close relationship to this species, but the present writer regards both Globigerina juveniis and Globigerina bradyi as being distinct. The latter species is distinctly more trochospiral and the chambers less inflated than in Globigerina juvenilis. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 7, fig. 36, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626017. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, and Pozon formations. Globigerina bulbosa LeRoy Pl. 9, figs. 37a-c Globigerina bulbosa LeRoy, 1944, Colorado School Mines, Quart., vol. 39, No. 6 foe Jo os 6h poll Se wes, AG, A, Remarks:—Vhis_ species, which was originally described by LeRoy from the Miocene of central Sumatra, shows radially elong- ate and rather bulbous chambers. The chambers increase rapidly in size as added. In the eastern Falcén specimens, the aperture is seen to possess a thin lip. This species seems to be related to Globigerina foliata Bolli but differs from the latter species by having radially elongate, not spherical, chambers, and in being less trochospiral with a slightly more open type of coiling. Forms which appear to be transitional between Globigerina foliata and Globigerina bulbosa occur in the basal part of the Globo- rotalia fohst lobata Zone. According to a letter received from H. M. Bolli, this species has now been observed in samples from the Cipero and Lengua formations of southern Trinidad. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19480, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 9, figures 37a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625719. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 175 Occurrence:—Ranges from the lower part of the Globorotalia fohsi lobata Zone to the upper part of the Sphaeroidinella semi- nulina Zone, Pozon formation. Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny Pl. 9, figs. 38a-c Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, sér. 1, vol. 7, p. 277. Modeles nos. 17, 76 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny, Cushman. 1941, (pars), Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, p. 38, pl. 10, figs. 3-7. Remarks:—The writer’s concept of this species is restricted to forms similar to those illustrated by Cushman (1941) as topo- types from Rimini, Italy. Cushman’s illustrations agree excellently with topotype material examined by the writer and kindly sup- plied by the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. Forms referable to Globigerina bulloides show four chambers in the last whorl with a moderately arched interiomarginal, um- bilical aperture and a fairly wide and deep umbilicus. The cham- bers are inflated, spherical, well separated and increase regularly in size. The test is distinctly trochospiral with usually 2/4-3 convo- lutions visible on the dorsal side. The equatorial periphery is lo- bate and has a subcircular profile. The specimens from eastern Faleén compare well with the topotypes figured by Cushman and are regarded as being typical. They first appear in sediments which are considered to be not older than middle Miocene. Bolli (1950, p. 1) also pointed out that Globigerina bulloides probably does not appear earlier than middle Miocene. Globigerina diplostoma Reuss, Globigerina concinna Reuss, and Globigerina quadrilatera Galloway and Wissler all seem to be closely related to Globigerina bulloides. A study of Recent Globi- gerina bulloides trom the North Sea (north-east of Scotland—ma- terial kindly supplied by H. M. Bolli) and the Gulf of Paria, the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the writer’s Miocene material from eastern Falcon, shows that there are transitional forms from Globi- gerina bulloides, with four chambers in the last whorl, to Globigerina concinna Reuss with five well-developed chambers in the last whorl. These transitional forms show the fifth chamber variable 176 BULLETIN 178 in size, with all gradations from rudimentary to well developed. It seems likely, therefore, that Globigerina concinna should be re- garded as a subspecies of Globigerina bulloides. The study of these Globigerina bulloides populations has also shown that some otherwise typical but small forms often have an aberrant final chamber and appear similar to either Globigerina diplostoma or, more especially, to Globigerina quadrilatera. It is possible that these two forms should be considered synonymous with Globigerina bulloides or Globigerina concinna. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19791, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 9, hgures 38a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626019. Occurrence:—Ranges from the middle part of the Globorotalia menardu menardiu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Globigerina eamesi Blow, sp. nov. Pl. 9, figs. 39a-c Diagnosis of species:—Test strongly trochospiral with 11-12 chambers arranged in about three whorls and with four chambers in the last whorl; chambers subspherical, inflated but somewhat embracing, also increasing regularly and fairly slowly in size as added; equatorial periphery lobate; equatorial profile subcircular; axial periphery rounded. The sutures of the spiral side and um- bilical side are depressed, radial to slightly curved. Umbilicus small, usually almost closed; aperture an elongate slit with a thin lip, interiomarginal, umbilical; wall calcareous, perforate, thin and fragile, rough to distinctly spinose, often with thick spines. Maxi- mum diameter of holotype, 0.34 mm. Remarks:—This species is characterized by the rough to spin- ose wall which is also thin and fragile. It differs from Globigerina folata Bolli by being more trochospiral, in having a very small umbilicus, a slitlike aperture and in the chambers being less well separated. This species is named after Dr. F. E. Eames (Chief Palaeon- tologist, The British Petroleum Co. Ltd., London) in recognition of his contributions to Miocene stratigraphy and also in appreciation OCUYO AND ON ONS VENEZUELA: BLow ‘le Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZ B 77 of the encouragement he has given the author during the prepara- tion of this work. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19778, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; Plate 9, figures 39a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625695. Occurrence:—Ranges from the middle part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone to the Sphaeroidi- nella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Globigerina falconensis Blow, sp. nov. Pl. 9, figs. 40a-c, 41 Diagnosis of species:—Test low trochospiral with 10-12 cham- bers arranged in about 2% whorls and with 4 chambers in the last whorl; chambers subspherical, slightly embracing, especially the last, increasing regularly and rather slowly in size as added; equa- torial periphery lobate; axial periphery rounded; sutures of the spiral and umbilical sides radial, depressed but not much incised; umbilicus small but deep, sometimes almost closed by the strongly developed lip of the last chamber; aperture an elongate low arch or sometimes rather slitlike with a well-developed lip, interiomar- ginal, umbilical; wall calcareous, rather coarsely perforate. Maxi- mum diameter or holotype, 0.34 mm. Remarks:—This species is distinguished from Globigerina foli- ata Bolli in having slightly embracing chambers and an elongate aperture with a well-developed apertural lip. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 9, figures 40a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625697. Plate 9, figure 41, paratype, also deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625698. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Globigerinatella insueta/Globi- gerinoides bispherica Subzone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Globigerina foliata Bolli Pl. 10, figs. 42a-c Globigerina foliata Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 111, pl. 24, figs la-c. Remarks:—This species is distinguished by having almost spherical and well-separated chambers which increase rapidly as 178 BULLETIN 178 size is added. The last chamber, however, is often smaller than the penultimate chamber. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19697, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 10, figures 42a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626021. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone to the upper part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Yocuyo and Pozon formations. Globigerina juvenilis Bolli Pl. 10, figs. 43a-b Globigerina juvenilis Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 119, pl. 24, figs. 5a-6. Remarks:—This small species has inflated chambers, a small umbilicus and thin, finely perforate walls. The aperture is a nar- row elongate slit usually with a thin but distinctive lip. In some forms, which are still probably referable to this species, the lip abuts closely onto the ventral surface of the opposing chamber appearing much like a narrow bulla. These forms appear transitional to Globigerimta. Bolli (1957) considered that this species may possibly repre- sent the juvenile state of Globigerinita naparimaensis Bronnimann, but the present writer is inclined to view that this form is a dis- tinct species from which Globigerinita developed heterochronously at various levels throughout the Miocene. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19507, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 10, figures 43a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626023. Occurrence: Ranges throughout all zones of the Tocuyo and Pozon formations as seen in the Pozon-E] Mene Road Section. Globigerina nepenthes Todd Pl. 8, figs. 44, 45 Globigerina nepenthes Todd, 1956, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 280-H, p. S00 pls 785 fic, 7. Globigerina nepenthes Yodd, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 111, pl. 24, figs. 2a-c. Remarks:—This distinctive species shows trends towards be- coming more tightly coiled and the chambers more strongly em- bracing. Concomitant with these trends, there is also a further Tocuyo aNnp Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 179 trend wherein the wall becomes thicker and the aperture less strongly arched so that later forms of the species appear rather Sphaeroidinella-like (Pl. 8, fig. 45). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 20026, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 8, figure 44, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection No. 626025. Figure 45, from sample, No. RM 20065, also deposited in U.S.N.M., collection, No. 626027. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Globorotalia may- ert/Globigerina nepenthes Subzone to the top of the Globorotala menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozon formation. Globigerina parabulloides Blow, sp. nov. Fl. 10, figs. 46a-c Diagnosis of species:—Test trochospiral with 9-10 chambers arranged in about three whorls and with four chambers in the last whorl; chambers ovate to subspherical, inflated and rather em- bracing, sometimes slightly appressed, increasing moderately rap- idly in size as added so that the equatorial profile of the test ap- pears distinctly elongate in the direction of the last chamber; equatorial periphery strongly lobate; axial periphery rounded; su- tures of the spiral side depressed, radial to slightly curved; sutures of the umbilical side depressed but not deeply incised, radial; um+ bilicus small, rather shallow; aperture a low arch _ restricted in lateral extent to the umbilical depression, interiomarginal, um- bilical, and with a distinct lip or thickened rim; wall calcareous, perforate, rather thick; maximum diameter of holotype, 0.34 mm. Remarks:—This species differs from Globigerina praebulloides Blow, sp. noy. in having a laterally restricted aperture with a dis- tinctive lip or thickened rim, a small and shallow umbilicus, a distinctly more trochospiral test which is more precisely coiled and inflated chambers. This species differs from Globigerina bulloides dOrbigny in having a much smaller and restricted aperture, a smaller umbili- cus, less deeply incised sutures and an elongate equatorial profile. Globigerina parabulloides is considered to be descended from Globi- gerina praebulloides but appears earlier than Globigerina bulloides. Transitional forms from Globigerina praebulloides to Globi- 180 BuLLeTiIn 178 gerina parabulloides occur in the Globorotalia mayeri/Globorotalia lenguaensts Subzone. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19791, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 10, figures 46a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625699. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Globorotalia mayert/Globoro- talia lenguaensis Subzone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Globigerina praebulloides Blow, sp. nov. Pl. 8, figs. 47a-c; Pl. 9, 48 Globigerina aff. bulloides d’Orbigny, Stainforth, 1948, (pars), Jour. Pal., vol. 22, No. 2, p. 118, pl. 25, figs. 14, 15 (on figs. 16-18). Diagnosis of species:—Test weakly trochospiral with 8-9 cham- bers arranged in about 24% whorls, with usually 4, occasionally 5, chambers in the last whorl. The fifth chamber, when present, only rudimentary or small; chambers ovate, not much inflated but ap- pressed and often slightly embracing, increasing rapidly in size as added so that the equatorial profile of the test appears distinctly elongate in the direction of the last chamber; equatorial periphery lobate; axial periphery rounded; sutures of the spiral and umbili- cal sides depressed but rather shallow, radial to slightly curved; umbilicus small and not deep; aperture a low to moderate arch, interiomarginal, umbilical; wall calcareous, perforate; maximum diameter of holotype, 0.30 mm. Remarks:—This_ species differs from Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny in having an elongate, not subcircular, equatorial pro- file, and chambers which are normally ovate, appressed and often slightly embracing. The chambers increase more rapidly in size in this species and the coiling is less trochospiral and not so precise as in Globigerina bulloides. This species also differs from Globigerina bulloides in having a comparatively smaller, less strongly arched aperture and the test is consistently smaller in size. Stainforth (1948b, p. 118) noted the same characters as re- corded above for forms he referred to as Globigerina aff. bulloides “form A”, from the Oligocene of Ecuador; however, Stainforth described two different forms as Globigerina aff. bulloides, and his “form B” (Stainforth, 1948b, p. 121—explanation of plate 25, figs. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 181 16-18) seems referable to the genus Globorotalia. Globigerina praebulloides is considered as being ancestral to both Globigerina bulloides and Globigerina parabulloides. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM _ 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 8, figures 47a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625701. Figured paratype (Pl. 9, fig. 48) also de- posited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625702. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to the middle part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globi- gerina nepenthes Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Genus GLOBOQUADRINA Finlay, 1947 The species referred to this genus have several features in common. One of the most important biocharacters is the peculiar toothlike flap (or projection) which restricts and modifies the aperture and projects into the umbilical depression. This tooth- like flap is regarded as being distinctly different from a normal lip seen in some species of Globigerina. In Globoquadrina the umbilical teeth (Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, 1957) lie within the umbilical depression, are usually pointed and often elongate, with an asym- metric outline as viewed from above. Normally the aperture, in the various adult species of Globo- quadrina discussed here, is interiomarginal, umbilical, but shows a tendency towards an interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical position in some species, especially in juvenile forms or in the ear- lier chambers as seen in broken specimens. Members of this genus typically show lateral compression of the later chambers. Globequadrina dehiscens dehiscens (Chapman, Parr, and Collins) Two groups of forms, which are regarded as subspecies, have been observed in the Pozén-E] Mene Road section. The form de- scribed as Globoquadrina quadraria (Cushman and Ellisor) 1939, is regarded as being close to Globoquadrina dehiscens, and it is not possible to separate these two forms when dealing with a popula- tion. However, the type described as Globoquadrina quadraria var. advena Bermudez is distinctive and appears to have a different 182 BuLuetin 178 stratigraphical range. Bermudez’s variety 1s, however, regarded as being closely related to Globoquadrina dehiscens, and since the name given by Chapman, Parr, and Collins in 1934 has priority, the variety “advena” is considered as a subspecies of Globoquadrina dehiscens (Chapman, Parr, and Collins). Globoquadrina dehiscens dehiscens (Chapman, Parr, and Collins) Pl. 8, figs. 49a-c Globorotalia dehiscens Chapman, Parr, and Collins, 1934, Linn Soc. London, Jour. Zool., vol. 38, No. 262, p. 569, pl 11, figs. 36a-c (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Remarks:—This subspecies possesses a fairly wide umbilicus, also distinctive asymmetrical umbilical teeth. The chambers are gen- erally not much embracing, and the sutures are distinct. It often shows much lateral compression of the later chambers, with a re- sultant quadrate outline. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 8, figures 49a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626028. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to the lower part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Globoquadrina dehiscens advena Bermudez Pl. 8, figs. 50a-b Globoquadrina quadraria (Cushman and Ellisor) var. advena Bermudez. 1949, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ. 25, p. 287, pl. 22, figs. 36-38. Remarks:—This subspecies possesses a comparatively small, sometimes almost closed, umbilicus. The chambers are closely coiled and embracing, with the sutures indistinct. In general, the test appears rather quadrate, but it may appear almost subspherical owing to the tight coil, embracing chambers, and the lateral compression of the later chambers. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 8, figs. 50a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626030. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to the Globorotalia mayeri/Globorotalia lenguaensis Subzone, To- cuyo and Pozoén formations. Tocuyo ANpD Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 183 Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis) Globoquadrina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis) PI. 8, figs. 5la-c Globigerina altispira Cushman and Jarvis, 1936, Cushman Lab, Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 13a-c. 14 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Globoquadrina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 111, pl. 24, figs. 7a-8b. Remarks:—This subspecies possesses axially elongate and often fairly strongly laterally compressed chambers. Distinct asymmetri- cal umbilical teeth occur. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 8, figures 5la-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626032. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone to the basal part of the Globorotalia mayert/Globorotalha lenguaen- sis Subzone, Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Globoquadrina altispira globosa Bolli Pl. 11, figs. 52a-c Globoquadrina altispira globosa Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 111, pl. 24, figs. 9a-10c. Remarks:—This subspecies is distinguished from Globoquad- rina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis) by having more glob- ular and less axially elongate chambers. Well-marked, slightly asym- metrical umbilical teeth are present. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19542, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 11, figures 52a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626034. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to the top of the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispher- ica Subzone and then reappears at the base of the Globorotalia mayert/Globorotalia lenguaensis Subzone ranging up to the Globo- rotalia menardu menardii/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Tocuyo and Pozon formations. The subspecies does not seem to occur in the intervening Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (5.1.) either in southern Trin- idad or in eastern Falcon. Globoquadrina larmeui Akers Pl. 11, figs. 53a-c Globoquadrina larmeui Akers, 1955, Jour. Pal., vol. 29, No. 4, p. 661, pl. 65, figs. 4a-4c. 184 BuLLeTINn 178 Remarks:—The specimens from eastern Falcén compare well with the figures given by Akers. As Akers (1955) remarked this species is closer to the genus Globigerina than other recorded spe- cies of the genus Globoquadrina. However, the umbilical teeth are distinctive and the aperture shows a slight tendency towards an interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical position. The umbilicus of this species is shallow especially when com- pared to other species of Globoquadrina. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 11, figures 53a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625721. Occurrence:—Occurs from the top of the Catapsydrax stain- fortht Zone to the Globorotalia mayeri/Globigerina nepenthes Sub- zone, Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Globoquadrina pozonensis Blow, sp. noy. Pl. 10, figs. 54a-c, 55, 56 Diagnosis of species:—Test distinctly trochospiral with 11-12 chambers arranged in about 2% whorls and with 4-5 chambers in the last whorl; chambers subspherical to ovate but sometimes rather appressed and also slightly compressed laterally; equatorial periphery lobate; equatorial profile subcircular; axial periphery rounded; sutures of the spiral and umbilical sides radial and de- pressed; umbilicus rather small but deep; aperture a rather small arched opening with a distinct umbilicial tooth; in the adult gen- erally interiomarginal, umbilical, but in some specimens (PI. 10, fig. 55) interiomarginal, umbilical-slightly extraumbilical; apertures of the early chambers and in juvenile specimens distinctly interio- marginal, umbilical-extraumbilical; wall calcareous, coarsely per- forate and often rather rough to slightly spinose; maximum di- ameter of holotype, 0.28 mm. Remarks:—This species shows a distinctly interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical aperture in the early chambers which becomes generally interiomarginal, umbilical in the adult. The um- bilical teeth, although small, are distinct. The sutures are usually distinct, notwithstanding the rather appressed and laterally com- pressed chambers seen in some specimens. Tocuyo anp Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 185 Globoquadrina pozonensis distinguished from Globoquadrina altispira globosa Bolli by the rather more appressed chambers, rela- tively smaller umbilicus, relatively smaller aperture and consistently smaller test and by the coarsely perforate and rather rough wall. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 20065, auger line near Po- zon, eastern Falcon; Pl. 10, figures 54a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. col- lection, No. 625703. (Figured paratypes from same sample also deposited in U.S.N.M.) Occurrence:—Ranges from the Globorotalia mayeri/Globi- bigerina nepenthes Subzone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Globoquadrina rohri (Bolli) Pl. 11, figs. 57a-c Globigerina rohri Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 109, pl. 23, figs. 1a-4b. Remarks:—Bolli (1957) placed his species in the genus Glob- igerina and did not mention the occurrence of umbilical teeth. Bolli also pointed out that in his specimens the umbilicus is small and almost closed. Most of the writer’s specimens also show the nearly closed umbilicus, but some specimens show a rather wider umbilicus and a well-marked asymmetrical umbilical tooth; in other respects these specimens show no further differences in mor- phology. Bolli (1957) recorded this species as occurring not higher than the Catapsydrax dissimilis Zone but the writer’s specimens come from the lower part of the overlying Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, and the more open umbilicus may be a more advanced feature of some phylogenetic significance. These forms with the wider umbili- cus and distinctive umbilical teeth show some features in common with the Globoquadrina dehiscens group and it seems likely that Globoquadrina rohri may be the ancestor of Globoquadrina de- hiscens. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 11, figures 57a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626036. Occurrence:—Occurs only in the lower part of the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Tocuyo formation. 186 BuLLeETINn 178 Globoquadrina venezuelana (Hedberg) Pl. 11, figs. 58a-c, 59 Globigerina venezuelana Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, No. 8, p. 681, pl. 92, figs. 7a-b. Remarks:—This species is referred to the genus Globoquadrina Finlay, as Finlay (1947) suggested. Inspection of Hedberg’s (1937) type figure 7a shows a pointed umbilical tooth projecting into the umbilicus; this feature has been seen in all the writer’s specimens, although the umbilical teeth may be small and in some cases rudimentary. Bolli (1957) discussed the variation in size and shape of the chambers of this species as seen in the Cipero and Lengua forma- tions of southern Trinidad, and a similar variation is seen in eastern Falcon. However, the differences in morphology seem to be variable and not sufficiently constant for taxonomic subdivision of the species. Besides the variation in lateral compression of the chambers as noted by Bolli (1957), the writer has noted that forms with a closed or nearly closed umbilicus and with small umbilical teeth are most frequent from the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone to Globorotalia fohsi fohst Zone, whilst forms with comparatively more open umbilici and more distinct umbilical teeth occur most frequently from the Globorotalia fohsi lobata Zone to the Globoro- talia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. In the Sphae- roidinella seminulina Zone and in the Globigerina bulloides Zone only the forms with the larger umbilici and more distinctive um- bilical teeth have been observed. (See fig. 59.) Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19188, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 11, figures 58a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection No. 626038. Plate 11, figure 59, from sample, No. RM 19542, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626040. Occurrence:—Ranges throughout the Pozén-E] Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to Globigerina bulloides Zone), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Genus GLOBIGERINOIDES Cushman, 1927 Globigerinoides triloba (Reuss) The writer agrees with the views of Bolli (1957, p. 112) re- garding the relationship of both Globigerinotdes sacculifera ( Brady) Tocuyro ANd Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 187 and a form recorded by LeRoy (1939) as Globigerinoides sacculifera immatura to Globigerinoides triloba (Reuss). Forms transitional between these species are often difficult to place with certainty. This is especially so for Globigerinoides triloba (Reuss) and Glo- bigerinoides sacculifera immatura LeRoy, whilst a study of the ontogeny of Globigerinoides sacculifera (Brady) shows that it is only the possession of a saclike, elongate final chamber which dis- tinguishes this form from Globigerinoides sacculifera immatura LeRoy. These closely related forms, which appear practically at the same time in the Globorotalia kugleri Zone (Bolli, 1957), are treated here as subspecies of Globigerinoides triloba (Reuss), since Reuss’s name has priority. Bolli (1957) described another form, which is closely related to this group, as Globigerinoides triloba altiapertura. Globigerinoides triloba triloba (Reuss) Pl. 11, figs. 60a-b Globigerina triloba Reuss, 1850, K. Akad. Wiss, Wien, Math.-Nat. Cl., Pee vol. 1, p 374, pl. 47, figs. 1la-d (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Globigerinoides triloba (Reuss), Blow, 1956, Micropaleontology, vol. 2, No. 1, p. 62, text-fig. 1, Nos. 1-3. Globigerinoides triloba triloba (Reuss), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 112, pl. 25, figs. 2a-c. Remarks:—This is distinguished from Globigerinoides triloba immatura LeRoy in having a more inflated final chamber which embraces more of the earlier test. It has, in general, a more elon- gate and narrower primary aperture than Globigerinoides triloba vmmatura LeRoy. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 11, figures 60a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626125. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozon-E] Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone) to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Globigerinoides triloba altiapertura Bolli Pl. 10, figs. 61a-b Globigerinoides triloba altiapertura Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. ANS, jo i ob AS, ste, Wee, Remarks:—This subspecies is distinguished from other sub- 188 BULLETIN 178 species of the triloba group by having a large and highly arched primary aperture. It is distinguished from Globigerinoides bollu Blow, sp. nov. by having inflated, spherical chambers, and larger supplementary apertures; the chambers are, moreover, not em- bracing. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19152, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 10, figures 6la-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626127. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozén-E] Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone) to the lower part of the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, To- cuyo formation. Globigerinoides triloba immatura LeRoy Pl. 11, figs. 62a-b Globigerinoides sacculiferus (Brady) var. immatura Leroy, 1939, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indié, deel 99, afl. 6, p. 263, pl. 3, figs. 19-21 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940, ef seq.). Globigerinoides triloba immatura LeRoy, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., Nos ZiSrep sets hpi 25eniesssia—4c Remarks:—This subspecies differs from Globigerinoides triloba sacculifera (Brady) by not having a saclike elongate final chamber. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 11, figures 62a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626129. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozén-E] Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone) to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Vocuyo and Pozén formations. Globigerinoides triloba sacculifera (Brady) Pl. 11, figs. 63a-b Globigerina sacculifera Brady, 1877, Geol. Mag., n.s. decade 2, vol. 4. No. 12, p. 535, figures in Brady, 1884, Challenger Exped. Rept.. Zool., vol. 9, pl. 90, figs. 15 and 16 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 eft seq.). Globigerinoides triloba sacculifera (Brady), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 113, pl. 25, figs. 5a-6. Remarks:—This subspecies is distinguished by the character- istic saclike, final chamber. Both the primary and the dorsal sup- plementary apertures of the last chambers seem to be rather more strongly arched than the apertures of the last chamber of Glo- bigerinoides triloba immatura LeRoy. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 189 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19697, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 11, figures 63a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626131. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozon-E] Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone) to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Yocuyo and Pozon formations. Globigerinoides bispherica Todd Fl. 11, fig. 64 Globigerinoides bispherica Todd, 1954, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 252, No. 11, p. 681, pl. 1, figs. la-c. Globigerinoides bispherica Todd, Blow, 1956, Micropaleontology, vol. 2, No. 1, p. 62, text-fig. 1, Nos. 4-8; text-fig. 2, Nos. 10-11. Globigerinoides bispherica Yodd, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 114, pl. 27, figs. la-b. Remarks:—Blow (1956) emended the original description of Todd (1954) in order to recognize Porticulasphaera glomerosa (Blow). As emended, Globigerinoides bispherica shows two to four apertures along the suture between the last and earlier cham- bers. The last chamber embraces about 15 to 35 percent of the penultimate and earlier chambers. The primary aperture is. still distinct, although it is elongate and often partially constricted by ingrowths of clear shell material which tend to subdivide it. This species 1s regarded as the ancestor of Porticulasphaera glomerosa (Blow) and Porticulasphaera transitoria (Blow). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 11, figure 64, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626133. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Globigerinatella imsueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the lower part of the Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone, Tocuyo, and Pozon for- mations. Globigerinoides bollii Blow, sp. nov. Pl. 10, figs. 65a-c Diagnosis of species:—Test trochospiral with four chambers in the last whorl; equatorial periphery lobate; axial periphery rounded; chambers subspherical or ovate, much embracing; sutures of the spiral and umbilical sides depressed but often indistinct, radial to slightly curved; umbilicus small, often almost completely closed; primary aperture interiomarginal, umbilical, the opening 190 BuLLeTIN 178 almost completely circular but generally rather small; supplemen- tary apertures on the spiral side, sutural, small; usually only one present, situated in the suture between the last chamber and its predecessor, although an additional supplementary aperture may be present in the suture between the penultimate and antepenulti- mate chambers; wall calcareous, perforate, often rather thick; maximum diameter of holotype, 0.34 mm. Remarks:—This species differs from Globigerinoides obliqua Bolli in having much more embracing chambers, a small, almost circular, primary aperture, and in the last few chambers not show- ing any lateral and oblique compression. A characteristic of this species is the “cut-in” nature of the umbilical margin of the pri- mary aperture. Early forms of this species only show one supple- mentary aperture on the spiral side which is situated in the suture between the last and penultimate chambers. However, in later forms from the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nep- enthes Zone, an additional supplementary aperture appears in the suture between the penultimate and antepenultimate chambers. This species seems to have a different origin from that of the Globigerinoides triloba group. According to Bolli (1957), Globigerinoides triloba (Reuss) appears to originate in the Globo- rotalia kugler: Zone and to develop from a form recorded by him as Globigerina cf. trilocularis d’Orbigny. However, Globigerinoides boll1 does not appear until the basal part of the Globorotalia mayert/Globigerina nepenthes Subzone and seems to have origi- nated from a Globigerina sp., which has an otherwise similar morphology to this species but does not have supplementary aper- tures. This Globigerina sp. is scarce and appears to be limited to the upper part of the Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone. This species is named after Dr. H. M. Bolli in recognition of the valuable training the writer received from him whilst in Trinidad. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19697, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; Plate 10, figures 65a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625717. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Globorotalia may- Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 19] ert/Globorotalia lenguaensis Subzone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozén formation. Globigerinoides diminuta Bolli Pl. 13, figs. 66a-b Globigerinoides diminuta Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 114, pl. 25, figs. 1lla-c. Remarks:—This species is distinguished from Globigerinoides rubra (d’Orbigny) by its more embracing chambers, its distinctly quadrate outline, and its consistently smaller size. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; Plate 13, figures 66a-b deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626135. Occurrence:—Ranges from the upper part of the Globiger- inatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone to the top of the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone, ‘To- cuyo and Pozon formations. It is a useful marker for this interval. Globigerinoides mitra Todd PIL, WS}, ws OP Globigerinoides mitra Todd, 1956, U.S. Geol. Suy., Prof. Paper 280-H, p. 302, pl. 78, figs. 3,6. Globigerinoides mitra Todd, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 114, pl. 26, figs. 1a-4. Remarks:—Only a few specimens of this particularly high- spired and large species of Globigerinoides have been observed in the Pozén formation. The occurrence of this species seems to be strongly influenced by ecological conditions and to occur in faunas which are sug- gestive of a deepwater environment. The observed specimens appear to be typical and compare well with those figured by both Todd and Bolli in spite of the comparatively poor preservation and adherent matrix. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19507, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 13, figure 67, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626137 Occurrence:—Only observed in isolated samples from the Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.1.), Pozén formation. Globigerinoides obliqua Bolli Pl. 11. figs. 68a-b Globigerinoides obliqua Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 113, pl. 25, figs. 9a-10c 192 BULLETIN 178 Remarks:—This species is distinguished from the Globigeri- noides triloba group by having the last, or last few, chambers compressed in a lateral and oblique manner. Although Bolli (1957) referred to his species as having a small umbilicus, there is a general trend, in sediments above the Globorotalia mayeri/Globo- rotalia lenguaensis Subzone, towards the coiling becoming more lax and the umbilicus becoming larger. Also, concomitant with this trend towards laxity of coiling, the chambers become increas- ingly more separated. A typical feature of this species is the elongate, although arched, primary aperture. Holotype:—From sample No. RM _ 19444, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 11, figures 68a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626041. Occurrence:—Ranges throughout the Pozdn-El Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to Globigerina bulloides Zone), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Globigerinioides rubra (d’Orbigny) Pl. 11, fig. 70; Pl. 13, figs: 69a-b Globigerinoides subquadrata Bronnimann, in Todd, Cloud, Low, and Schmidt, 1954, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 252, p. 680, pl. 1, fig. 5. Globigerinoides rubra (d’Orbigny), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. PANS ye, TIE}. jolly AS anver, WAzKIIE}o), Remarks:—This species is distinguished by the position of the primary and supplementary sutural apertures which are always symmetrically placed above the suture between two earlier cham- bers. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 13, figures 69a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626043. Plate 11, figure 70, from sample, No. RM 20131, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626045. Occurrence:—Ranges throughout all zones of the upper Tocuyo and Pozon formations and is common to abundant below the lower part of the Globorotalia mayeri/Globorotalia lenguaensis Subzone. The species becomes scarce and has only been observed infrequently in the upper part of the Globorotalia mayeri/Globorotalia lenguaen- sis Subzone and the Globorotalia mayeri/Globigerina nepenthes Tocuyo ANd Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 193 Zone, but it becomes fairly frequent again in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina and the Globigerina bulloides Zones, Pozon formation. Genus SPHAEROIDINELLA Cushman, 1927 Cushman erected this genus in 1927 with Sphaeroidina dehits- cens Parker and Jones as the type species. However, the generic des- cription of Cushman is somewhat misleading since he states “Test in early stages like Globigerina with coarsely cancellate surface”. Cushman did not mention the characteristic thick and “polished” wall of the adult. Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones) possesses a thick wall with a smooth outer surface which appears rather glassy and “polished” in reflected light. The writer made sections of Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens (Parker and Jones), Sphaerotdinella dehiscens subdehiscens Blow, subsp. nov. and Sphaerotdinella seminulina seminulina (Schwager) and found the wall structure similar in each of these forms. The typical wall structure is shown in the camera lucida drawing (PI. 12, fig. 72) of a section of Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subdehiscens. In thin section, the wall of Sphaeroidinella appears to be com- posed of three layers: (a) a thin external “cortex”, (b) a thick middle layer, (c) a thin inner layer (see fig. 72, Pl. 12) (a) External Cortex. The actual structure of the outer cortex is difficult to determine but, between crossed nicols, shows intereference colours of a lower order than either the middle or innermost layer. It is thought that this outer cortex may be lamellar in structure but it cannot be con- sidered as “imperforate” since pores are present but are much re- duced in size as compared with the pores present in the middle and innermost layers. In reflected light this cortex appears hyaline and smooth with a polished appearance. The outer cortex also appears more liable to alteration and solution than the other layers since it has been noticed that pyri- tization and limonitization often affect the cortex but not the inner layers. Further, the writer has noticed specimens in which the cortex has been removed from a part of the test, so exposing the middle layer which then appears very coarsely perforate. In Sphaer- otdinella dehiscens subdehiscens Blow, subsp. nov., for a specimen 194 BuLLeTiIn 178 0.35 mm. maximum dimension, this outer cortex (over the cham- bers) is in the order of 0.005 mm. to 0.006 mm. thick as compared with a total wall thickness of between 0.05 mm. and 0.06 mm. In the apertural and sutural regions of the test the cortex becomes much thicker (see fig. 72, Pl. 12). (b) Thick Middle Laver. This thick middle layer comprises most of the test wall and is in the order of between 0.045 mm. and 0.055 mm. thick. The structure of this layer appears to be coarsely radial with large “bundles of fibres” arranged approximately at right-angles to the test surfaces. The pores are large in this layer, being about 0.008 to 0.01 mm. in diameter but becoming, abruptly, much narrower at the junction of the outer cortex and this layer. It also seems likely that not all the pores present in this layer continue to the exterior via the cortex. The large pores of this layer can be seen through the glassy outer cortex in reflected light. (c) Innermost Layer. This layer also appears to be radial in structure but rather finely so. The writer has not observed any significant difference in the diameter of the pores within this layer and as seen in the middle layer. Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones) The writer now considers that certain Miocene forms previously referred to this species (Stainforth, 1948b; Weiss, 1955) should be separated at subspecific-level from the Pliocene to Recent, typical Sphaeroidinella dehiscens such as those figured by Wiseman and Ovey (1950, pl. 3 fig. 4), Phleger, Parker, and Pierson (1953, pl. 2, fig. 19), and also Kane (1953, pl. 2, fig. 23). The writer is in- debted to Miss R. Todd (U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.) who sent specimens of Recent Sphaeroidinella dehiscens from near Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands. Following the examination of this Recent material, as well as specimens from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Sicily, two subspecies of this form should be dis- tinguished as Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens (Parker and Jones) and Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subdehiscens Blow, subsp. nov. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 195 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens (Parker and Jones) Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny war. dehiscens Parker and Jones, 1865, Roy. Soc. London, Phil. Trans., vol. 155, p. 369, pl. 19, figs. 5a-c (fide Ellis and Messina 1940 et seq.). Remarks:—In Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens the test is large with the chambers much embracing and with little external trace of the sutures between the penultimate and earlier chambers. The apertures are deep-set, elongate, with very strongly crenulate margins. Furthermore, in typical specimens of this form a distinct and well-marked supplementary aperture occurs in addition to the primary umbilical aperture. Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subdehiscens Blow, subsp. nov. Pl. 12, figs. Tla-c, 72 Sphaeroidinella rutschi Cushman and Renz, Renz, 1948. (pars), Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 167, pl. X, fig. le (refigured paratype), mom figs. la-1b refigured holotype). Sphaeroidinella dehiscens Stainforth (#0n Parker and Jones), 1948, Jour Pal., vol. 22, No. 2, p. 124, pl. 26, fig. 20. Sphaeroidinella dehiscens Weiss, (non Parker and Jones), 1955, Micropal- entology, vol. 1, p. 313, pl. 3, figs. 28-29. Sphaeroidinella rutschi Cushman and Renz, Bolli, 1957, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 115, pl. 26, figs. 6a-7b. Diagnosis of subspecies:—Test low trochospiral with three, seldom with three and one half, chambers in the last whorl; cham- bers, in general, rather embracing, sutures not depressed but usually fairly distinct, especially the suture between the last and earlier chambers; equatorial periphery slightly lobate with the test appear- ing ovate in equatorial profile; axial periphery rounded; umbilicus small or closed; aperture interiomarginal, umbilical, an elongate slit or low arch, often with thickened and crenulate margins composed essentially of a thickening of the outer cortex; wall calcareous, thick, composed of an outer cortex and a thick inner part which 1s radial in structure; inner part coarsely perforate, outer part smooth and glassy in reflected light; maximum diameter of holotype, 0.50 mm. Remarks:—This subspecies is distinguished from Sphaeroidi- nella dehtscens dehtscens (Parker and Jones) by its less embracing chambers, more distinctive sutures, less deeply set aperture, ab- sence of supplementary apertures, a slightly more lobate equa- 196 BULLETIN 178 torial periphery and a generally smaller overall test size. It is inter- esting to observe that C. D. Redmond (in Stainforth, 1948b, p. 124) recorded this form from the Miocene of Colombia, but did not re- gard it as typical Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens. Recently, the writer observed this subspecies in Sicily where, in the uppermost Miocene/basal Pliocene, transitional forms to Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens occur. Transitional forms from Sphaeroidinella seminulina seminulina (Schwager) (Pl. 12, fig. 73) occur in the uppermost part of the Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone both in Trinidad and eastern Falcon. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19514, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 12, figures 71la-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection No. 625705. Occurrence:—Ranges from the uppermost part of the Globoro- talia fohsi robusta Zone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozéon formation. Sphaeroidinella seminulina (Schwager) The type illustrated by Schwager (1866, p. 256, pl. 7, fig. 112, fide Ellis and Messina, 1940, et seq.) shows a form with the last chamber distinctly smaller than the penultimate and third chambers combined whereas in Sphaerotdinella dehiscens subdehiscens Blow, subsp. noy. the last chamber is approximately equal to the penulti- mate and third chambers combined. The aperture of Schwager’s type is almost symmetrically placed with respect to the suture between the penultimate and third chamber, restricted to the umbilical region, not greatly elongated and without distinctly cren- ulate margins. It is possible, judging from Schwager’s illustration, that the aperture of his form is lipped whilst the sutures seem to be fairly well marked. Some apparently primitive forms have been observed from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.) (Pl. 12, figs. 74, 75) which appear close indeed to Schwager’s type. The features of importance, separating these primitive forms from Sphaerotdinella dehiscens sub- dehiscens, seem to be the rather open and less narrow aperture, ab- sence of distinct crenulate margins and the less embracing chambers. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 197 Further, the aperture in Schwager’s type is more nearly restricted to the umbilical area and is not an elongate, rather slitlike opening ex- tending greatly along the suture between the last and earlier cham- bers as it 1s in Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subdehtscens. The Sphaeroidinella seminulina-Sphaeroidinella dehiscens group is complex and still requires further work, but at present the writer feels justified in recognizing two subspecies of Sphaerotdinella semt- nulina although further subdivision of this species may prove to be necessary. Sphaeroidinella seminulina seminulina (Schwager) We4ly WY, iets. 155 Li, 15 WIR Globigerina seminulina Schwager, 1866, Geol. Theil, Bd. 2, Abt. 2, p. 256, pl. 7, fig. 112 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et. seq.). Globigerina seminulina Schwager, LeRoy, 1941, Colorado School Mines, Quart., vol. 36, No. 1, pt. 1, p. 44, pl. 3, fig. 108. Sphaeroidinella grimsdalei (Keijzer), Bolli, 1957 (pars), U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 114, pl. 26, figs. 8-11, mon figs. 12a-c. Remarks:—Within the plexus now assigned to this subspecies “oroup” is centered around forms similar to that illustrated in figure 75, Plate 12, with forms similar to those illustrated in figures 74 and 76, Plate 12 forming the extremes of variation. The second “group” is cen- tered around forms similar to that illustrated in figures 77a-c but also shows gradation to Sphaeroidinella seminuina kochi (Caudr1). two generalized groupings can be distinguished. The first In the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s./.) and in the Globoro- talia fohsi barisanensis Zone the first “group” predominates but does continue to the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone. Above the Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone the second “group” predomin- ates and in the basal part of the Globorotalia fohsi lobata Zone forms transitional to Sphaeroidinella seminulina kochi appear. Whilst Sphaeroidinella seminulina kochi can be considered as quite distinctive with a markedly different stratigraphical range, the two “groups” of Sphaeroidinella seminulina seminulina recognized here seem to form a closely interwoven evolving plexus, and the writer does not feel fully justified in making any further taxonomic subdivision. However the second “group” (figures 77a-c, Pl. 12) is 198 BULLETIN 178 similar to LeRoy’s Sphaeroidinella multiloba (LeRoy, 1944, pt. 2, p. 91, pl. 4, figs. 7-9) and further work may allow recognition of LeRoy’s type as a distinct subspecies of Sphaeroidinella seminulina (Schwager ). In this connection it is useful to point out that LeRoy (1944, p. 91) stated that his type might “represent a more matured phase of Globigerina seminulina Schwager”. Bolli (1957, p. 114) pointed out that during the course of evolution the tests of this species tend to become larger and the last whorl may consist of three or four chambers. However, the forms mentioned by Bolli as having five or six chambers are now referred to Sphaeroidinella seminulina kochi. In addition to the trends noted by Bolli, there seems to be a further trend wherein the chambers become more inflated and better separated whilst the coiling becomes more lax. It is emphasized, however, that both “groups” are present in sedi- ments above the Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone and that Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subdehiscens Blow, subsp. nov. appears to develop from the first “group” in the uppermost part of the Globorotalia fohst robusta Zone. Figure 73, Plate 12, illustrates a form which appears to be transitional between the two forms. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19820, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 12, figures 77a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625727. (Other illustrated specimens also deposited in U.S.N.M.) Occurrence:—Ranges from the upper part of the Globigerina- tella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone to the top of the Sphaerotdinella seminulina Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Sphaeroidinella seminulina kochi (Caudri) Pl. 12, figs. 78, 79 Globigerina sp. Koch, 1923, Bericht. Schweiz. Pal. Ges., vol. 18, p. 355, text- figs. 8a-b (fide Ellis and Messina, 1949 ef seq.). Globigerina kochi Caudri, 1934, “Tertiary deposits of Soemba’’, p. 144. (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Sphaeroidinella kochi (Caudri), Glaessner, 1943, Roy. Soc. Victoria, Proc., vol. 55 (mew ser.), pt. 1, p. 69 (list). Sphacroidinella grimsdalei (Keijzer), Bolli, 1957 (pars), U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 215, p. 114, pl. 26, figs. 12a-c, non figs. 8-11. Remarks:—This subspecies is distinguished from Sphaeroid- inella seminidina seminulina (Schwager) by having five or six Tocuyo anp Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 199 (occasionally seven) chambers in the last whorl, a more open umbilicus, a fairly strongly arched aperture and well-separated chambers which tend to be distinctly elongated radially. The test wall in this subspecies tends to be less thick but appears to be com- posed of the three layers discussed previously. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19507, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; Plate 12, figure 79, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625729. Figure 78, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626046. Occurrence:—Ranges from the lower part of the Globorotalia fohsi lobata Zone to the upper part of the Sphaeroidinella seminu- lina Zone, Pozcn formation. Subfamily ORBULININAE Genus BIORBULINA Blow, 1956 In this genus the penultimate (not the ultimate) chamber embraces the earlier part of the test whilst at least some of the apertures are areal. Biorbulina bilobata (d’Orbigny) Pl. 13, figs. 80, 81 Globigerina bilobata d’Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiféres fossiles du _ bassin tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche), p. 164, pl. 9, figs. 11-14, (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Biorbulina bilobata (d’Orbigny), Blow, 1956, Micropaleontology, vol. 2, No. 1, p. 69, text-fig. 2, no. 16. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19304, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626047. (Figures 80, 81, Plate 13, reproduced from Blow, 1956, text-fig. 2, No. 16, and text-fig. 3, respectively). Occurrence:—Ranges from the upper part of the Globigerin- atella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the Globiger- ina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Genus ORBULINA d’Orbigny, 1839 Blow (1956) emended the original diagnosis of Orbulina to include only those forms in which the last chamber either com- pletely or almost completely embraces the earlier part of the test and where, at least, some of the apertural pores are areal in position. 200 BuLieTin 178 Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann Fl. 13, figs. 82a-b Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann, 1951 (pars), Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 135, text-fig. 2, Nos. 1-2, 5-8, 10; text-fig. 3, nos. 3-8, 11, 13-16, 18, 20-22; text-fig. 4, Nos. 2-4, 7-12, 15-16, 19-22. Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann, Blow, 1956, Micropaleontology, vol. 2, No. 1, p. 66, text-fig. 2, Nos. 5-7. Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann, Bolli, 1957, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 105, pl. 27, tes. Remarks:—The last chamber does not quite completely en- velop all the earlier chambers and some of the apertural pores may still be in the sutural positions. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM_ 19304, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626048. (Figures 82a-b, Plate 13, reproduced from Blow, 1956, text-fig. 2. Nos. 6-7.) Occurrence:—Ranges from the uppermost part of the Globig- inatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the Globig- erina bulloides Zone, Pozén formation. Orbulina universa d’Orbigny Pl 3) fizwess Orbulina universa d’Orbigny, 1839, “Foraminiféres”, in de la Sagra Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de lile de Cuba, p. 2, ply de tiga len (jade Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef Seq.). Orbulina universa dOrbigny, Blow, 1956, Micropaleontology, vol. 2, No. 1, p. 66, text-fig. 2, Nos. 8-9. Remarks:—In this species the last chamber completely en- velops the earlier part of the test. The apertures are distributed irregularly over the area of the last chamber, but in some advanced forms the apertural pores seem to be absent and the minute per- forations then appear to take over the functions of the apertural pores. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19304, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626049. (Figure 83, Plate 13, reproduced from Blow, 1956, text-fig. 2, No: 9s) Occurrence:—Ranges from the uppermost part of the Globi- gerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the Globi- gerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Genus PORTICULASPHAERA Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, 1957 The type species of this genus is the short-lived middle Eocene Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 201 form Globigerina mexicana Cushman but the generic definition given by Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan (1957) also seems to fit the species previously described by the writer (Blow, 1956) as Globi- gerinoides glomerosa and Globigerinoides transitoria. These species are short-lived Miocene forms and there is no genetic relationship with the middle Eocene Porticulasphaera mexicana (Cushman). Bolli (1957, p. 115) remarked that it may be expected that further comparative studies will reveal morphological differences which may allow the distinction of the species named by the writer as a sep- arate genus. In this connection the validity of Candorbulina Jed- litschka, 1934 needs further investigation. The writer agrees with Bolli (1957) that “glomerosa”’ and “transitoria’ should be removed from the genus Globigerinoides Cushman, 1927, since they do not have a distinct primary umbilical aperture or open umbilicus in the adult. Further, these species can- not be included in the genera Orbulina d’Orbigny, 1839 or Bior- bulina Blow, 1956 since none of the apertures are areal in position but are all confined to the sutures. The forms described below are considered ancestral to Orbulina and Biorbulina and reference is made to Blow (1956) for descrip- tion of species and subspecies as well as a discussion of evolutionary trends. Porticulasphaera glomerosa (Blow) Porticulasphaera glomerosa curva (Blow) Pl. 13, figs. 84a-b Globigerinoides glomerosa curva Blow, 1956, Micropaleontology, vol. 2, No. 1, p. 64, text-fig. 1, Nos. 9-14. Porticulasphaera glomerosa curva (Blow), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. IN@, AilS5, jo, lS, ilk Ay, ses 7 Remarks:—This subspecies shows the last chamber embracing between 40 and 70 percent of the earlier test and with four to eight slitlike apertures present in the suture between the last and earlier chambers. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626050. (Figures 84a-b, Plate 13, holotype, reproduced from Blow, 1956, text-fig. 1, Nos. 10, 11.) Occurrence:—Ranges from the middle part of the Globigerin- 202 BULLETIN 178 atella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the basal part of the Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone, Pozon formation. Vorticulasphaera glomerosa glomerosa (Blow) Pl. 14, figs. 85a-b Globigerinoides glomerosa glomerosa Blow, 1956, Micropaleontology, vol. 2, No. 1, p. 65, text-fig. 1, Nos. 15-19; text-fig. 2, Nos. 1-2. Porticulasphaera glomerosa glomerosa (Blow), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull? No, 205) .p. PS ply 27, tie: Remarks:—This subspecies shows the last chamber embracing more than 75 percent of the earlier test and with numerous slitlike (not rounded) apertures in the suture between the last and earlier chambers. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626051. (Figures 85a-b, Plate 14, holotype, reproduced from Blow, 1956, text-fig. 1, Nos. 18-19.) Occurrence:—Ranges from the upper part of the Globigerin- atella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the basal part of the Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone, Poz6n formation. Porticulasphaera glomerosa circularis (Blow) Pl. 14, figs. 86a-b Globigerinoides glomerosa circularis Blow, 1956, Micropaleontology, vol. 2, No. 1, p. 65, text-fig. 2, Nos. 3, 4. Porticulasphaera glomerosa circularis (Blow), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bulle Non Zloepe lov leacseeticaac. Remarks:—This form differs from Orbulina suturalis Bronni- mann in that all the apertural pores are confined to the sutural positions. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626052. (Figures 86a-b, Plate 14, holotype, reproduced from Blow, 1956, text-fig. 2, Nos. 3, 4.) Occurrence:—Ranges from the upper part of the Globigerina- tella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the middle part of the Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone, Pozon formation. Porticulasphaera transitoria (Blow) Pl. 14, figs. 87a-b Globigerinoides transitoria Blow, 1956, Micropaleontology, vol. 2, No. 1, p. 65, text-fig. 2, Nos, 12-15. Porticulasphaera transitoria (Blow), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. ZS) pe ll Sapll e275 lees. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 203 Remarks:—This species differs from Porticulasphaera glomerosa (Blow) in that it is the penultimate chamber which embraces the earlier test and not the ultimate chamber as in Porticulasphaera glomerosa. The apertures are short discrete slits confined to the sutural positions. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626053. (Figures 87a-b, Plate 14, holotype, reproduced from Blow, 1956, text-hien 2, Nos. 125 13-) Occurrence:—Ranges from the middle to the upper part of the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone, Pozon formation. Subfamily CATAPSYDRACINAE Genus CATAPSYDRAX Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, 1957 This genus shows a characteristic bulla which covers the primary aperture and the umbilical part of the test. The infralam- inal apertures are large and unrestricted, but sometimes have thin lips or thickened margins. Catapsydrax dissimilis (Cushman and Bermudez) Pl. 12, figs. 88a-c, 89, 90 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman and Bermudez, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 13, pt. 1, p. 25, pl. 3, figs. 4-6 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Catapsydrax dissimilis (Cushman and Bermudez), Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 36, pl. 7, figs. 6-8. Catapsydrax dissimilis (Cushman and Bermudez), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 116. Remarks:—This species shows a bulla of variable size, normally with three infralaminal apertures. One such aperture occurs at one end of the bulla, the two others at the other end; the margins sur- rounding these infralaminal apertures are normally thickened. The chambers are generally inflated. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 12, figures 88a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626054. Other figured specimens also deposited in U.S. National Museum. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozdn-El Mene 204 BULLETIN 178 Road section to the top of the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, To- cuyo formation. Catapsydrax stainforthi Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan Pl. 14; fies: 9ila-c) 92593 Catapsydrax stainforthi Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 37, pl. 7, figs. 11a-c. Catapsydrax stainforthi Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 116. Remarks:—This species typically shows four moderately in- flated chambers in the last whorl; the bulla then has four infralam- inal apertures supported on tubelike extensions of the bulla along the sutural depressions between the primary chambers. The infralaminal apertures have small but distinctive lips. Occasionally five pri- mary chambers occur in the last whorl; in these cases (figure 93, Plate 14), the bulla shows a corresponding number of infralaminal apertures. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19152, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 14, figures 91a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626056. Other figured specimens deposited in U.S. National Museum. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozén-El Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone) almost to the top of the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, To- cuyo formation. Catapsydrax unicayvus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan Pl. 15, figs. 94a-c Catapsydrax unicavus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 37, pl. 7, figs. 9a-c. Catapsydrax unicavus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 116. Remarks:—This species shows a single infralaminal aperture, the peripheral part of the bulla being closed. The chambers are depressed and rather more embracing than in Catapsydrax dissimilis (Cushman and Bermudez). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozoén, eastern Falcon; Plate 15, figures 94a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626058. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozon-El Mene Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 205 Road section to the top of the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, To- cuyo formation. Genus GLOBIGERINATELLA Cushman and Stainforth, 1945 Globigerinatella insueta Cushman and Stainforth 124 albyy gales Wha UX ie ake Globigerinatella insueta Cushman and Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ. 14, p. 69, pl. 13, figs. 7-9. Globigerinatella insueta Cushman and Stainforth, Bronnimann, 1950, Cush- man Found. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 1, pts. 3-4, pp. 80-82, pl. 13, figs. 1-12; pl. 14, figs. 1-13. Remarks:—Reference is made to the remarks regarding the possible origin of this monotypic genus and to Bronnimann (1950) who has discussed the morphology of this species in detail. In addition to the morphological types described by Bronni- mann (1950), some specimens of this form show what appears to be a large “primary bulla” which has areal and/or infralaminal apertures; these in turn may be covered by “pustule-like” or “collar-like” secondary bullae. Figure 97, Plate 15, illustrates a form with uncovered areal apertures in the primary bulla but also having “secondary bullae” covering the infralaminal apertures along the contact suture of the “primary bulla” and the true primary chambers. Figure 98 illus- trates a form with “areal pustules” (“secondary bullae”) covering the areal apertures of the large primary bulla. This form also has “collar-like” secondary bullae covering the infralaminal apertures of the primary bullae; these collar-lke secondary bullae also extend along the sutures of the true primary chambers. It is not always readily apparent whether or not the “final chamber” should be considered as a bulla or a true primary chamber since areal apertures also occur in the primary chambers of earlier ontogenetic stages (see figure 96, Plate 15; also Bronni- mann, 1950); but the wall structure of the “final chamber” in some specimens suggest that they are, in fact, large and much in- flated bullae. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19188, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 15, figure 98, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626059. Figure 95, Plate 15, from sample, No. RM 206 BULLETIN 178 19117, also deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626061. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to the top of the Globigerinatella insueta/Globig- ertnoides bispherica Subzone, Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Genus GLOBIGERINITA Bronnimann, 1951 Globigerinita naparimaensis Bronnimann Globigerinita naparimaensis naparimaensis Bronnimann PI. 15, figs. 99a-e Globigerinita naparimaensis Bronnimann, 1951, Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. II, pt. 1, p. 18, text-figs. 1-14. Remarks:—Globigerinita naparimaensis naparimaensis is dis- tinguished from Globigerinita naparimaensis incrusta (Akers) by its possession of infralaminal apertures along the contact suture of the bulla with the primary chambers as well as its having infralaminal apertures in line with the sutures of the primary cham- bers. The bulla of this subspecies is more inflated and often em- braces more of the primary chambers than in Globigerinita napari- maensis imcrusta. Hypotype:—From sample. No. RM 19304, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 15, figures 99a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626062. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone to the top of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Globigerinita naparimaensis incrusta (Akers) Pl. 15, figs. 100, 101 Globigerinita incrusta, Akers, 1955, Jour. Pal., vol. 29, No. 4, p. 655, pl. 65, figs. 2a-2d. Remarks:—Aker’s species is regarded as being closely related to Globigerinita naparimaensis Bronnimann, and since there appears to be complete gradation between the two forms, it is considered that Aker’s type is best placed as a subspecies of Globigerinita naparimaensts. During the examination of the samples from the Pozén-El Mene Road section it was found that samples from a particular but fairly short interval often had a predominance of either Glo- bigerinita naparimaensis naparimaensis or Globigerinita naparimaen- Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 207 sis incrusta with a corresponding reduction in the prevalence of the other subspecies. This relative abundance is then often reversed in succeeding or preceding intervals. Furthermore, some intervals show forms apparently transitional from Globigerina juvenilis Bolli to Globigerinita naparimaensis incrusta but in other intervals these transitional form are either absent or scarce. From these observa- tions it may be considered that a repetitive and heterochronous deri- vation of Globigerinita seems likely (see Text-fig. 4). Globigerinita naparimaensis incrusta is distinguished from Glo- bigerinita naparimaensts naparimaensis by the absence of infralam- inal apertures not in line with the sutures of the primary chambers, a less inflated and embracing bulla which sometimes shows short tubelike extensions along the sutures of the primary chambers. This subspecies has a generally smaller overall test size. Figure 101, Plate 15, illustrates a form which appears tran- sitional to Globigerina juvenilis where it seems that the apertural lip of this latter species has become attached to the ventral surface of the opposing chamber. It seems that the distinction between Glo- hbigerimta and Globigerina juvenilis is best made where the “aper- tural lip” shows definite attachment to the opposing chamber and the ends of the bulla so-formed are restricted. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; Plate No., figure 100, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625723. (Figure 101, Plate 15, from same sample, also deposited in U.S.N.M. collection. ) Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainfortht Zone to the lower part of the Sphaerotdinella seminulina Zone, Tocuyo and Pozon formations. Genus GLOBIGERINOITA Bronnimann, 1952 Globigerinoita morugaensis Bronnimann Pl. 15, figs. 102a-c Globigerinoita morugaensis Bronnimann, 1952, Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. III, pt. 1, p. 26, text-fiz. 1, figs. a-m; text-fig. 2, figs. a-h. Globigerinoita morugaensis Bronnimann, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 116. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19697, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 15, figures 102a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626064. 208 BuLLETIN 178 Occurrence:—Ranges from the middle part of the Globorotalia mayert/Globorotaha lenguaensis Subzone to the middle part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozon formation. Genus GLOBOROTALOIDES Bolli, 1957 This genus shows a Globorotalia-like early stage which is fol- lowed by a Globigerina-like intermediate stage and a final Catap- sydrax-like stage wherein a bulla-like chamber partly or completely covers the umbilical part of the earlier test. It appears that the intermediate stage may be omitted in some cases and the early Globorotalia-like stage is followed immediately by the stage with the bulla-like final chamber. Globorotaloides variabilis Bolli Pl. 16, figs. 103 a-c, 104, 105 Globorotaloides variabilis Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 117, pl. 27, figs. 15a-20c. Remarks:—The specimens illustrated in figures 104 and 105, Plate 16, and showing the Globigerina-like and Globorotalia-like stages respectively, were dissected (Blow, 1955) from forms similar to that illustrated in figures 103a-c, Plate 16, and possessing a bulla-like final chamber. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19697, auger line near Po- zon, eastern Falcon; Plate 16, figures 103a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626066. ( Figures 104, 105, Plate 16, also deposited in U.S.N.M. collection. ) Occurrence:—Typical specimens range from the middle part the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the middle part of the Sphaerotdinella seminulina Zone, Pozon form- ation. Occasional immature and poorly preserved forms occur in the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and in the Globigerinatella insueta/ Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, which are only tentatively referred to this species but which may possibly be referable to Globoro- taloides sutert Bolli. Family GLOBOROTALITDAE Subfamily GLOBOROTALIINAE Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927 Globorotalia acostaensis Blow, sp. nov. Pl. 17, figs. 106a-c, 107 ?Globigerina dutertrei Wiseman and Ovey (non d’Orbigny), 1950, Geol. Assoc., Proc., vol. 61, p. 65, pl. 2, figs. la-c. Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 209 Diagnosis of specites:—Test low trochospiral; spire opening regularly but fairly rapidly, with 11-13 chambers composing the spire, usually with 5-6 chambers in the last whorl. Equatorial periph- ery strongly lobate, with the test appearing subcircular in equatorial profile; axial periphery rounded with the test appearing thick and parallel-sided in side view; chambers ovate or subspherical, gener- ally inflated but not well separated; often the last chamber is much reduced in size compared with its predecessor, and it also occasional- ly becomes somewhat displaced towards the umbilical side (fig. 107, Pl. 17). Spiral side slightly convex, almost flat, or occasionally slightly concave due to the inflated nature of the chambers of the last whorl. Umbilical side generally slightly convex, with a small but usually deep umbilicus; sutures of the spiral and umbilical sides radial, depressed; aperture interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical, arched, with a distinctive lip. Maximum diameter of holotype, 0.36 mm. Remarks:—This form differs from Globorotalia mayeri Cush- man and Ellisor in having more inflated chambers, a thicker test, completely radial sutures, a more distinctive apertural lip, and a more rapidly opening spire. It differs from Globorotalia opima con- tinuosa Blow, subsp. noy. in having more numerous and more in- tlated chambers in the last whorl, although transitional forms occur in the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone (lower part). It differs from Globigerina dutertrei d’Orbigny in having less globular and less well-separated chambers. The aperture of Globigerina dutertrei appears to be umbilical only in D’Orbigny’s figures. The specimen figured by Wiseman and Ovey as Globigerina dutertret (1950, pl. 2, figs. la-c) shows an interiomarginal, umbili- cal-extraumbilical aperture with a distinct lip, and the writer be- lieves this specimen to be identical with Globorotalia acostaensis. Globorotalia acostaensis first appears after the extinction of Globorotalia mayert. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19791, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 17, figures 106 a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, 625707. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Globoroialia menardi men- 210 BuLLeTIn 178 ardiu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Globorotalia birnageae Blow, sp. nov. Pl. 17, figs. 108a-c Diagnosis of species:—Test low trochospiral; spire opening regularly but fairly slowly, with usually six chambers in the last whorl; equatorial profile almost circular; equatorial periphery slightly lobate; axial periphery rounded, with the test appearing rather parallel-sided in side view; chambers slightly elongated tangentially as viewed from the spiral side, not inflated, but us- ually embracing; last chamber often smaller than its predecessor; spiral side flat to slightly convex; umbilical side slightly convex; sutures of the spiral side curved, slightly depressed; sutures of the umbilical side radial, slightly depressed, sometimes rather indis- tinct; umbilicus, small, often completely closed; aperture slitlike with a distinctive lip, interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical; wall calcareous, finely perforate; maximum diameter of holotype, 0.22 mm. Remarks:—This species differs from Globorotalia kuglert Bolli in having less deeply incised sutures, rather tangentially elongated chambers, a closed or almost closed umbilicus, fewer chambers in the last whorl, and a less highly arched aperture which has a more distinctive lip. It differs from Goborotalia mayert Cushman and Ellisor in being consistently much smaller in size, in the closed (or almost closed) umbilicus, and also in having slightly more tangentially elongated chambers as seen from the spiral side. It differs from Globorotalia opima continuosa Blow, subsp. nov. in having more chambers in the last whorl. It also differs from Glo- borotalia fohst barisanensis (LeRoy) in having a more circular outline and a less convex (not vaulted) umbilical side. The species is named after Miss G. N. Birnage, Librarian of the Palaeontological Department, The British Petroleum Company Limited, London, in recognition of her assistance in compiling this work, Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 17, figures 108a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625709. Tocuyo ANp Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW PANNA Occurrence;—Ranges from the uppermost part of the Globig- erinatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone to the basal part of the Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone, Vocuyo and Pozon formations. Globorotalia cf. canariensis (d’Orbigny) Pl. 17, figs. 109a-c cf. Rotalina canariensis d’Orbigny, 1839, Foraminiféres des iles Canaries, in Barker-Webb and -Berthelot, Hist. nat. des iles Canaries, vol. 2, pt. 2, (Zool.), p. 130, pl. 1, figs. 34-36. (Fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Remarks:—In the upper part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone some forms which otherwise closely resemble Globorotalia scitula scitula (Brady) develop thin but distinctive keels. These forms are tentatively referred to D’Orbigny’s species, which is described as being depressed and carinate throughout. Concomitant with the development of the keel, the test appears to become rather more depressed than in typical Globorotalia scitula scitula. However, the writer’s speci- mens are small compared wtih Recent specimens of Globorotalia canariensis (d’Orbigny) and are generally less lobate. No forms referable to the species described by D’Orbigny have been ob- served by the writer below the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Glo- bigerina nepenthes Zone, and it is possible that the writer’s speci- mens may represent early forms of typical Globorotalia canariensis. Maximum diameter observed, 0.27 mm. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19804, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 17, figures 109a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626068. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed from the uppermost part of the Globorotalia menardi menardii/Globigerina nepenthes Zone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozén formation. Globorotalia fohsi Cushman and Ellisor Reference is made to the work of Bolli (1950) for a description of the subspecies and also for a complete discussion of the evolu- tionary inter-relationship between the various subspecies. 212 BULLETIN 178 Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis (LeRoy) Pl. 17, fies: 11105 1iila=c Globorotalia barisanensis LeRoy, 1939, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nedert, Indié, vol. 99, pt. 6, p. 265, pl. 1, figs. 8-10 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis LeRoy, Bolli, 1950, Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 1, pts. 3 and 4, p. 88, pl. 15, figs. 6a-c. Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis LeRoy, Bolli, 1957, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 119, pl. 28, figs. 8a-c. Remarks:—Within the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.) this subspecies shows a generally lobate equatorial periphery, and has fairly deeply in- cised sutures on the spiral side (Pl. 17, fig. 110). In the Globoro- talia fohsi barisanensis Zone it has a less lobate periphery, less deeply incised sutures, and a more definitely vaulted umbilical side. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19304, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 17, figures 1lla-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626069. Figure 110, Plate 17 from sample No. RM 19188, also deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626071. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozén-El Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone) to the basal part of the Globorotalia fohst fohst Zone, Vocuyo and Pozén formations. Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Cushman and Ellisor Pl. 17, figs. 112a-ce Globorotalia fohsi Cushman and Ellisor, 1939, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 15, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 6a-c (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Globorotalia fohsi Cushman and Ellisor, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 137, pl. XI, figs. 2a-c. Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Cushman and Ellisor, Bolli, 1950, Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 1, pts. 3 and 4, p. 88, pl. 15, figs. 4a-c. Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Cushman and Ellisor, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 119, pl. 28; figs. 9a-10ce. Remarks:—This subspecies shows an acute but not keeled peripheral margin, although some peripheral thickening may occur; the umbilical side is vaulted, and the sutures of the spiral side are not incised. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19367, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 17, figures 112a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626072. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Globorotalia fohsi Tocuyo ANp Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 213 fohst Zone to the basal part of the Globorotalia fohst lobata Zone, Pozon formation. Globorotalia fohsi lobata (Bermudez) Pl. 16, figs. 113a-c Globorotalia lobata Bermudez, 1949, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ. 25, p. 286, pl. 22, figs. 9-11. Globorotalia fohsi lobata Bermudez, Bolli, 1950, Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 1, pts. 3 and 4, p. 88, pl. 15, figs. 7-8c. Globorotalia fohsi lobata Bermudez, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 119, pl. 28, figs. 13a-14b. Remarks:—This subspecies shows a “cocks-comb” appearance of the last few chambers which typically also possess a fairly strong keel. Some peripheral thickening may also occur on the earlier chambers which, however, do not possess a keel. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19426, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 16, figures I13a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626074. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Globorotalia fohst lobata Zone to the basal part of the Globorotalia fohst robusta Zone, Pozon formation. Globorotalia fohsi robusta Bolli Pl. 16, figs. 114a-c Globorotalia fohsi robusta Bolli, 1950, Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 1, pts. 3 and 4, p. 89, pl. 15, figs. 3a-c. Globorotalia fohsi robusta Bolli, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 119, pl. 28, figs. 16a-c. Remarks:—This subspecies is carinate throughout, but the strength of the keel is variable; in some late forms the keel is massive with much secondary peripheral thickening. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19470, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 16, figures 114a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626076. Occurrence:—Restricted to the Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone, Pozén formation. Globorotalia lenguaensis Bolli Pll 17%, figs. tiba-¢ Globorotalia lenguaensis Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 120, pli 295 figs Sa-c. Remarks:—This species is distinguished from Globorotalia minima (Akers) by the less convex umbilical side and the more 214 BuLLETIN 178 circular equatorial profile; the spire opens less rapidly than in Akers’ species. The aperture is longer in Globorotalia lenguaensis and ex- tends further towards the periphery than in Globorotalia minima. Some later forms of Globorotalia lenguaensis show a faint keel. Maximum diameter of hypotype, 0.3 mm. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19507, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 17, figures 115a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626078. Occurrence:—Ranges from the uppermost part of the Globoro- talia fohst robusta Zone to the top of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor Pl. 18, figs. 116a-c Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor, 1939, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 15, pt. 1, p. 11, pl. 2, figs. 4a-c (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 Glee mayert Cushman and Ellisor, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 118, pl. 28, figs. 4a-c. Remarks:—Globorotalia mayerit Cushman and Ellisor differs from Globorotalia acostaensis Blow, sp. nov. in having: slightly curved or sinuous sutures on the spiral side, less inflated and nar- rower chambers, as well as a thinner test. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19188, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 18, figures 116a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626080. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozén-E]l Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone) to the top of the Globorotalia mayert Zone, Pozén formation. Globorotalia menardii (d’Orbigny) Globorotalia menardii archeomenardii (Bolli) Pl. 18, figs. 117a-c Globorotalia archeomenardii Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 119, pl. 28, figs. 11a-c. Remarks:—Bolli’s type is here considered as a subspecies of Globorotalia menardu (d’Orbigny). It is distinguished from Glo- borotalia menardu praemenardu (Cushman and Stainforth) by the strongly convex spiral side and the rather angular rhomboidal shape of the chambers as seen in side view. In early forms of this sub- species from the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bts- Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 215 pherica Subzone a keel seems to be present only on the last few chambers, although some peripheral thickening may be present on the earlier chambers. Also, in these early forms, the chambers are rather elongate tangentially and the writer considers it likely that this form developed from Globorotalia scitula praescitula Blow, subsp. nov. In the uppermost part of the Globorotalia fohst barisan- ensis Zone, forms transitional to Globorotalia menardu praemen- ardu occur. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 18, figures 117a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626082. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the basal part of the Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén formation. Globorotalia menardii praemenardii (Cushman and Stainforth) Pl. 18, figs. 118a-c Globorotalia praemenardii Cushman and Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Pub. 14, p. 70, pl. 13, fig. 14. Globorotalia praemenardii Cushman and Stainforth, Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 120, pl. 29, figs. 4a-c. Remarks:—TVhis form is distinguished from Globorotalia menardu menardu (d’Orbigny) by the absence of distinctly limbate and raised sutures on the spiral side and also by the more equally biconvex test. It is distinguished from Globorotalia menardu arch- eomenardu (Bolli) by the more lobate equatorial periphery and the less convex spiral side. Forms transitional to Globorotalia menardu menardu (d’Orbigny) occur in the middle part of the Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19367, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 18, figures 118a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626084. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Globorotalia fohsi fohst Zone to the upper part of the Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone, Pozon formation. Globorotalia menardii menardii (d’Orbigny) Pl. 18, figs. 119a-c, 120a-c Rotalia (“Rotalie’) menardii d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, sér. 1, vol. 7, p. 273, Modéles No. 10 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). 216 BULLETIN 178 Globorotalia menardii (d’Orbigny), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 120, pl. 29, figs. 6a-10b. Remarks:—The form described by D’Orbigny in 1826 is here regarded as being the “central type” for a closely related series of forms which show gradual evolutionary changes. Although this subspecies shows a considerable variation in size, characters such as the distinctive keel, slightly convex spiral side and the only mod- erately convex umbilical side are common features. The writer dis- tinguishes this subspecies from Globorotalia menardu praemenardu (Cushman and Stainforth) by the presence of a stronger keel and the distinctly limbate, often raised sutures on the spiral side. Both the spiral and umbilical sides are less convex in this subspecies than in Globorotalia menardu praemenardit. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19507, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 18, figures 120a-c, deposited in US.N.M. collection, No. 626086 Figures 119a-c, from sample, No. RM 19470, also deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626087. Occurrence:—Ranges from the middle part of the Globorotalia fohst robusta Zone to the top of the Pozén formation. It persists to the present time. Globorotalia menardii miocenica Palmer Pl. 19, figs. 121a-c Globorotalia menardii miocenica Palmer, 1945, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 29, No. 115, p. 70, pl. 1, fig. 10. Remarks:—This subspecies differs from Globorotalia menardu menardu (d’Orbigny) in having a strongly vaulted umbilical side, an almost flat spiral side, a weaker keel, and less limbate sutures. The maximum and minimum diameters of the test are distinctly unequal so that the test of this form appears elongate in equatorial profile. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM _ 19791, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 19, figures 12la-¢, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626088. Occurrence:—Forms transitional from Globorotalia menardii menardu(d’Orbigny ) occur in the uppermost part Globorotalia men- ardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, but typical specimens Tocuyo ANpD Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW vA occur rarely only in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Globorotalia minima (Akers) Pl. 19, figs. 122a-c Globorotalia canariensis (d’Orbigny) var. minima Akers, 1955, Jour. Pal., vol. 29, No. 4, p. 659, pl. 65, figs. 3a-3d. Akers (1955) referred his variety to Globorotaha canariensis (d’Orbigny) but merely remarked that his variety differs from D’Orbigny’s species in being smaller in size. Akers’ figures show a form wtih a fairly vaulted umbilical side and a rounded to sub- acute, not keeled, periphery, whereas D’Orbigny’s species has a depressed test with a well-marked keel. Examination of samples from eastern Falcén shows that Akers’ variety should be considered as a distinct species. Since Akers did not give a description of his type, a description based on specimens from Pozoén is given here. These Pozén specimens compare excellently with the figures given by Akers. Description:—Test low trochospiral; spire opening rapidly, with usually six chambers in the last convolution. As seen from the spiral side the chambers are almost equally as broad as long with the exception of the last two chambers. The sutures of the spiral side are not much depressed and are moderately curved. The sutures of the umbilical side are slightly sinuous to almost radial. Equatorial periphery only slightly lobate; axial periphery rounded to subacute, not keeled; aperture interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical, a low arch with a thin short lip; umbilicus small or closed; wall calcareous, finely perforate; maximum diameter of hypotype, 0.28 mm. Remarks:—The size and morphology of the specimens from the Pozon-E] Mene Road section compare excellently with Akers’ figures. Akers gave 0.22 mm. as the maximum diameter of his holotype which is about the average for the specimens observed by the writer. This species may be ancestral to Globorotalia lenguaensis Bolli. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; Plate 19, figures 122a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625725. 218 BULLETIN 178 Occurrence:—Ranges from the Globigerinatella insueta/Glo- bigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone, Pozén formation. Globorotalia minutissima Bolli Pl. 19, figs. 123a-c Globorotalia minutissima Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 119, pl. 29, figs. la-c. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19304, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 19, figures 123a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626089. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozén-El Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone) to the Sphaeroidin- ella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Globorotalia obesa Bolli Pl. 19, figs. 124a-c Globorotalia obesa Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., No. 215, p. 119, pl. 29, figs. 2a-3. Remarks:—This species is distinctive by virtue of its highly inflated spherical chambers. The aperture is without either lip or rim. In some specimens showing gerontic features there is an ad- ditional chamber which extends somewhat over and on to the spiral side, the aperture becoming nearly interiomarginal, peri- pheral. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19480, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 19, figures 124a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 616091. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozén-El Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone) to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. Globorotalia opima Bolli Globorotalia opima continuosa Blow, subsp. nov. Pl. 19, figs. 125a-e Diagnosis of subspecies:—Test low trochospiral; spire opening rather rapidly, with four chambers in the last whorl; equatorial periphery lobate; axial periphery rounded, with the test appear- ing rather parallel-sided in side view; the sutures of the spiral and umbilical sides depressed, radial; chambers ovate to subspherical, but not well separated; umbilicus narrow, deep; aperture with a Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLow 219 distinctive lip, interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical, a com- paratively high arch which tends to be somewhat elongate normal to the axis of coiling at the periphery, giving a “coma-shaped” appearance in side view (Plate 19, figure 125c). Wall calcareous rather coarsely perforate; maximum diameter of holotype 0.26 mm. Remarks:—This form differs from Globorotalia opima nana Bolli in having ovate or only merely subspherical chambers, a higher arched aperture with a more distinctive apertural lip, and a rather more coarsely perforate wall structure. Forms transi- tional to Globorotalia opima nana occur in the Catapsydrax stain- fortht Zone, whilst forms transitional to Globorotalia acostaensis Blow, sp. nov. occur in the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globig- ertna nepenthes Zone. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19542, auger line near Pozén, eastern Falcon; Plate 19, figures 125a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625711. Occurrence:—Ranges from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone to the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Tocuyo and Pozén forma- tions. Globorotalia secitula (Brady) Globorotalia scitula scitula (Brady) Pl. 19, figs. 126a-e Pulvinulina scitula Brady, 1884, Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, Proc., vol. 11, p. 716. Figures in Brady, 1884, Challenger Exped. Rept., Zool., vol. 9, pl. 103, figs. 7a-c. Globorotalia canariensis Cushman and Stainforth (zon d’Orbigny), 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Pub. 14, p. 70, pl. 13, figs. 12a-c. Globorotalia canariensis Renz (non d’Orbigny), 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 136, pl. XI, figs. 3a-b. Globorotalia scitula (Brady), Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 120, pl. 29, figs. 11a-12c. Description:—Test low-trochospiral; spire opening fairly rapid- ly with four to five (occasionally six) chambers in the last whorl, equatorial periphery slightly to moderately lobate; axial periphery subacute to rounded, not keeled; spiral side slightly convex; um- bilical side convex to slightly vaulted; the sutures of the spiral side are depressed, sinuous to nearly radial; chambers as seen from the spiral side nearly as broad as long, almost hemispherical; umbilicus small or almost closed, fairly shallow; aperture interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical, with a distinct lip; wall calcareous, finely 220 BULLETIN 178 perforate, smooth, often appearing glassy; maximum diameter of hypotype, 0.33 mm. Remarks:—This subspecies differs from Globorotalia scitula praescitula Blow, subsp. noy. in having almost hemispherical cham- bers, a less vaulted umbilical side and less deeply incised sutures on the spiral side. The periphery is subacute to rounded as com- pared with the more acute periphery of Globorotalia scitula prae- scitula, It differs from Globorotalia scitula gigantea Blow, subsp. nov. in being smaller and in the almost complete lack of peripheral thickening and ventral pustules. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM _ 19367, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 19, figures 126a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626093. Occurrence:—Ranges from the uppermost part of the Globoro- talia fohsit barisanensis Zone to the Globigerina bulloides Zone, Pozon formation. The subspecies persists to Recent. Globorotalia scitula gigantea Blow, subsp. nov. Pl. 16, figs. 127a-c Diagnosis of subspecies:—Test trochospiral; spire opening fairly rapidly, with four to five chambers in the last whorl. Equa- torial periphery lobate; axial periphery rounded to subacute, not keeled but often with much peripheral thickening; test generally biconvex; sutures of the spiral side depressed and strongly curved; sutures of the umbilical side slightly sinuous to radial; chambers al- most hemispherical as seen from the spiral side; aperture interio- marginal, umbilical-extraumbilical, a low arch with a distinct lip; wall calcareous, perforate, often with distinct pustules in the um- bilical sutural positions and over the umbilical surface of the earlier chambers; maximum diameter of holotype 0.59 mm. Remarks:—In general morphology this subspecies is similar to Globorotalia scitula scitula (Brady) but differs in being much larger. Two groups co-exist with mean diameters averaging 0.28 mm. and 0.54 mm. with few specimens greatly departing from the two means; the larger-sized group is assigned to this subspecies and shows the presence of much peripheral thickening and pustules on the umbilical side. The test is also generally more equally biconvex than in Globorotaha scitula scitula (Brady). Tocuyo ANp Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 221 Holotype:—From sample, No. RM _ 19480, auger line near Pozén, eastern Falcon; Plate 16, figures 127a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625715. Occurrence:—Ranges from the upper part of the Globorotalia fohsi fohst Zone to the lower part of the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozon formation. Globorotalia scitula praescitula Blow, subsp. nov. Pl. 19, figs. 128a-c Diagnosis of subspecies:—Test a fairly low trochospiral; spire opening regularly but not rapidly, with four to five chambers in the last whorl; equatorial profile ovate to subcircular; equatorial periph- ery lobate; axial periphery subacute but not keeled, although some peripheral thickening occurs on the earlier chambers; sutures of the spiral side depressed and strongly curved; sutures of the umbilical side depressed, slightly sinuous to radial; spiral side convex, umbili- cal side distinctly convex to rather vaulted; chambers longer than broad, elongate tangentially as seen from the spiral side; umbilicus small, sometimes closed, but often fairly deep; aperture interio- marginal, umbilical-extraumbilical, a low arch with a thin lip; wall calcareous, finely perforate, not glassy; maximum diameter of holotype, 0.30 mm. Remarks:—This subspecies differs from Globorotalia scitula scitula (Brady) in having more tangentially elongate chambers, a more convex umbilical side, and a less finely perforate wall tex- ture; the periphery is also generally more acute but transitional forms occur in the upper part of the Globorotalia fohst barisanensis Zone. Holotype:—From sample, No. RM 19152, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 19, figures 128a-c, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 625713. Occurrence:—Ranges from the base of the Pozén-El Mene Road section (Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone) to the top of the Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone, Pozén formation. Genus HASTIGERINELLA Cushman, 1927 This genus possesses a lipped interiomarginal, umbilical-extra- 222 BULLETIN 178 umbilical aper‘ure, at least in the earlier stages (PI. 16, fig. 130). The typical “club-shaped” and radially elongate chambers do not seem to appear until later ontogenetic stages; the earlier chambers are usually ovate or only slightly radially elongate. Because of the nature and position of the aperture the writer believes that this genus has evolved repeatedly from a Globorotalia-like ancestor and not via Hastigerina as inferred by Cushman (1950, pl. 27). In this study the writer notes that //astigerinella appears be- fore Hastigerina although both occur in the Miocene. Hastigerinella bermudezi Bolli Pl. 16, figs. 129a-b, 130 Hastiqerinella bermudezi Bolli, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 215, p. 112, Dio ties la-c: Remarks:—This species shows spherical to ovate early cham- bers with a distinct Globorotalia-like aperture (Pl. 16, fig. 130). The later chambers become club-shaped with the aperture extending on to the periphery. The test is less trochoid than in Hastigerinella rhumblert Galloway, 1933 (= Hastigerina digitata Rhumbler, 1911, non Globigerina digitata Brady, 1879), and the chambers less elongate. It seems likely that the various //astigerinella species also appear independently from a “globorotalid-stock” since this species has a restricted range and does not appear to be closely related to the typically Recent Hastigerinella rhumblert Galloway. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19290, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; Plate 16, figures 129a-b, deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626095. (Figure 130, Plate 16 also de- posited in U.S.N.M. collection.) Occurrence:—Ranges only from the upper part of the Globig- erinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone to the basal part of the Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Zone, Pozén formation. Family ANOMALINIDAE Genus ANOMALINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Anomalina alazanensis Nuttall Anomalina alazanensis Nuttall, 1932, Jour. Pal., vol. 6, p. 31, pl. 8, figs. Sp ase Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 223 Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626097. Occurrence:—Rather rare and seems to be restricted to samples from the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Sub- zone, Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis Zone and Globorotalia fohsi fohsit Zone, Pozén formation. Genus ANOMALINOIDES Brotzen, 1942 Anomalinoides trinitatensis (Nuttall) Truncatulina trinitatensis Nuttall, 1928, Geol. Soc. London, Quart. Jour., vol. 84, p. 97, pl. 7, figs. 3, 5, 6 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Anomalinoides trinitatensis (Nuttall), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. Bp e los plex tics. ol lac: Remarks:—This form is rather similar to Cibicides nucleatus (Seguenza); however, in Anomalinoides trinitatensis the aperture extends much further towards the umbilicus, whereas in Crbicides nucleatus the umbilical part of the aperture is confined to the peripheral part of the basal suture of the last chamber. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626098. Occurrence:—Occurs from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Tocuyo formation, to the Globorotalia menardiu menardiu/Glo- bigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozén formation. Often common, especially in the Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Zone and in the Globorotaha mayeri Zone (s.l.). Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808 Cibicides americanus (Cushman) Cibicides americanus (Cushman), Cushman and Cahill, 1933, U.S. Geol. Sury., Prof. Paper 175-A, p. 34, pl. 13, figs. 2a-c (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Remarks:—This species is thin-walled and fragile and has a fairly well-marked narrow carina. Aperture on the spiral side has a thin liplike extension. Involute both on the spiral and umbilical sides. It differs from Cibicides mantaensis (Galloway and Morrey) in having a narrow carina and slightly depressed sutures. Hypotype:—From samvle, No. RM 20104, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626100. BuLLeTiIn 178 bo i) aS Occurrence:—Generally scarce throughout the Pozén forma- tion but becomes relatively common in some impoverished faunas from the topmost part of this formation, 7.e., in the upper part of the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone and Globigerina bulloides Zone. Cibicides carsteni Cushman and Ellisor Cibicides carsteni Cushman and Ellisor, 1939, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 15, p. 13, pl. 2, figs. 8a-c (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19282, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626102. Occurrence:—Fairly common and occurs in the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone, Globorotalia fohs “Zone” (s.l.), Globorotalia mayerit Zone (s.l.) and in the Globoro- talia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozén forma- tion. Cibicides concentricus (Cushman) Cibicides concentricus (Cushman), Cushman, 1930, Florida Geol. Surv., Bull. No. 4, p. 61, pl. 12, fig. 4 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19522, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626104. Occurrence:—Scarce in the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (sl.) and in the Globorotaha fohsi “Zone” (s.l.) but fairly com- mon in the Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.l.) and in the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone. Only observed in isolated samples from the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone, Pozon formation. Cibicides compressus Cushman and Renz Cibicides floridanus (Cushman) var. compressa Cushman and Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 17, pt. 1, p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 9. Cibicides compressus Cushman and Renz, Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 127, pl. X, figs. 9a-c. Remarks:—Renz (1948) considered this form to be sufficiently distinctive from Ctbicides floridanus Cushman to be considered as a distinct species. The present writer’s view is that the species shows little variation, except in size, and, therefore, agrees with Renz’s conclusions. Tocuyo ANp Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 225 Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626106. Occurrence:—Often common in samples from the Globigerin- atella insueta Zone (s.l.), Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.) Glo- borotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.) and from the Globorotalia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Tocuyo and Pozon forma- tions. Isolated specimens have been observed in the Sphaeroidinella seminulina Zone and Globigerina bulloides Zone, indicating that its virtual disappearance is due to ecological rather than stratigraphical reasons. Cibicides faleonensis Renz Cibicides falconensis Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 128, pl. XI, figs. 6a-c. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozoén, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626108. Occurrence:—Fairly common in the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone and Globigerinoides insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, Tocuyo formation, but rather scarce or scarce in the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides bispherica Subzone, Globorotaha fohsi “Zone” (s.), and lower part of the Globorotalia mayert Zone (s.l.), Pozon formation. Cibicides mantaensis (Galloway and Morrey) Cibicides mantaensis (Galloway and Morrey), Hedberg, 1937, Jour. Pal., vol. 11, p. 683, pl. 92, figs. 12a-c. Remarks:—This species is involute both on the spiral and um- bilical sides and appears closely related to Cibicides americanus Cushman but differs from the latter species in having limbate, slightly raised sutures. The part of the aperture on the spiral side is covered by a small liplike plate. Hypotype:—From sample. No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcén; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626110. Occurrence:—Fairly common in the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides triloba Subzone, To- cuyo formation; also in the Globigerinatella insueta/Globigerinoides 226 BULLETIN 178 bispherica Subzone and Globorotalia fosht “Zone” (s.1.), Pozon formation. Cibicides matanzasensis (Hadley) Cibicides matanzasensis (Hadley), Palmer, 1941, Soc. cubana hist. nat., Mem., vol. 15, p. 295, pl. 28, figs. 6a-c. Remarks:—The part of the aperture on the spiral side of this species is not clearly marked. Spiral side evolute but strongly in- volute umbilically. Sutures meet the periphery nearly at right-angles and are raised. Chambers numerous, about 12-14 in the last whorl only slowly increasing in size as added. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM _ 19285, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626112. Occurrence:—Generally scarce in all zones below the Globoro- talia menardu menardu/Globigerina nepenthes Zone, Pozén forma- tion. Cibicides perlucida Nuttall Cibicides perlucida Nuttall, 1932, Jour. Pal., vol. 6, p. 33, pl. 8, figs. 10-12. Remarks:—Umbilical side strongly vaulted; spiral side slightly convex with the sutures rather indistinct and strongly oblique to the periphery. Hypotype:—From sample. No. RM 19117, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626114. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone, Tocuyo formation. Genus LATICARININA Galloway and Wissler, 1927 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones) Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones), Cushman, 1931, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 104, pt. 8, p. 114, pl. 20, fig. 4; pl. 21, fig. 1 (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef. seq.). Remarks:—This distinctive form, with its wide peripheral flange and generally compressed test, has been considered as a planktonic species. Its association with predominantly deepwater mainly planktonic assemblages supports this view; however, Cush- Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 227, man suggested that it may be pseudoplanktonic, being attached to floating seaweed. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19280, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626115. Occurrence:—Occurs, but is scarce, in the Catapsydrax stain- forthi Zone and Globigerinatella insueta Zone (5.1), Tocuyo and Poz6n formations. Occasional specimens have been observed in mainly planktonic assemblages from the Globorotalia fohst “Zone” (s.l.), Pozon formation. Genus PLANULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Planulina dohertyi (Galloway and Morrey) Cibicides dohertyi Galloway and Morrey, 1929, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, No. 55, p. 30, pl. 4, figs. 7a-c. Planulina dohertyi (Galloway and Morrey), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 150, pl. X, figs. 6a-b. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19255, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626117. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in isolated samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.1.) and Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Planulina marialana Hadley Planulina marialana Hadley, 1934, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 20, No. 70A, p. 27 pl. 4, figs. 4-7 (fide Renz, 1948). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19210, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626119. Occurrence:—Scarce and only observed in samples from the Globigerinatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Planulina mexicana Cushman Planulina mexicana Cushman, 1927, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 3, p. 113, pl. 23, figs. 5a-b (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 ef seq.). Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19181, auger line near Pozon, eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626121. Occurrence:—Generally scarce but observed in the Globiger- inatella insueta Zone (s.l.), Tocuyo and Pozén formations, also in the Globorotalia fohsi “Zone” (s.1.), and Globorotalia mayeri Zone (s.l.), Pozén formation. 228 BULLETIN 178 Planulina subtenuissima (Nuttall) Anomalina subtenuissima Nuttall, 1928, Geol. Soc. London, Quart. Journ., vol. 84, p. 100, pl. 7, figs. 13, 15, text-fig. 6 (fide Renz, 1948). Planulina subtenuissima (Nuttall), Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, p. 151, pl. XI, figs. 4a-b. Hypotype:—From sample, No. RM 19285, auger line near Pozon; eastern Falcon; deposited in U.S.N.M. collection, No. 626123. Occurrence:—Generally scarce and only observed in the Glo- bigerinatella insueta Zone (s..), Tocuyo and Pozén formations. Akers, W. H. 1955. Bartenstein, H. 1948. Beckmann, J. P. 195 3% Bermudez, P. J. 1949. Blow, W. H. 1955. 1956. 1957. Bolli, H. M. 195%). 1951. 1954. 1957. BIBLIOGRAPHY Some planktonic Foraminifera of the American Gulf Coast and suggested correlations with the Cartbbean Tertiary. Jour. Pal., vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 647-664, pl. 65, 3 text-figs. Entwicklung der Gattung Lenticulina (Lenticulina) Lamarck 1804 mit thren Unter-Gattunger (For). Senckenbergiana, Bd. 29, No. 1/6, pp. 41-65, 6 pls. Die Foraminiferen der Oceanic Formation (Eocaen- Oligocaen) von Barbados, Kl. Antillen. Eclog. Geol. Helv., vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 301-412, pls. 16-30, 29 text-figs. 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Marks, P. 1951. Mayne, W. 1952. Natland, M. L. 1933. Nuttall, W. L. F. 1932: Palmer, D. K. 1940-1941. 1945. A revision of some Glanduline Nodosartidae (Foramini- fera). Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Washington, vol. 126, No. Se Sedimentary facies in the Gulf Coast. Amer, Assoc. Petr. Geol., Bull., vol. 33, pp. 1864-1883. A revision of the smaller Foraminifera from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 2, pp. 33-73. Critical taxonomic study and nomenclatural revision of the Lituolidae based upon the prototype of the family, Lituola nautiloidea Lamarck, 1804. Cushman Found, Foram. Res., Contr., vol. 3, pts. 3-4, pp. 35-56, pls. 9-12. The temperature and depth distribution of some Recent and fossil Foraminifera. Scripps Inst. Oceanog., Bull., vol. See NO 108 Lower Oligocene Foraminifera from Mexico. Jour. Pal., vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 3-35, pls. 1-9. Foraminifera of the upper Oligocene Cojimar formation of Cuba, parts 1-5. Soc. cubana hist. nat., Mem., vol. 10, pp. 227-271; No. 5, pp. 273-316. Notes on the Foraminifera from Bowden, Jamaica. Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 29, No. 115, pp. 1-82, pls. 1-2. Palmer, D, K., and Bermudez, P. J. 1936. An Oligocene foraminiferal fauna from Cuba. Soc. cubana hist. nat.,. Mem., vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 227-271. Petters, V.. and Sarmiento, S. R. 1956. Phleger, F. B. 1939-1942. 1951" Oligocene and lower Miocene biostratigraphy of the Carmen—Zambraon area, Colombia. Micropaleontology, vol. 2. No. 1, pp. 7-35, text-figs. 1-2, tables 1-7. Foraminifera of submarine cores from the continental slope, parts 1 and 2. Geol. Soc. Amer., Bull., vol. 50, pp. 1395-1422; vol. 53, pp. 1073-1098. Ecology of Foraminifera, northwest Gulf of Mexico. Part I: Foraminifera distribution, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 46. Phleger, F. B., Parker, F. L., and Pierson, J. F. 1953. Reports of the Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition: Violaew- Sediment cores from the North Atlantic Ocean, No. 1, pp. 3-122, pl. 1-12: Tocuyo AND PozoN FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 2 Renz, H. H. 1942. 1948. Ruscelli, M. 1953. 1956. Senn, A. 1935. 1947. Suter, H. H. 1951. 1952. Stainforth, R. M. 1948 a. 1948b. 1949. 1952a. 1952b. 1952c. 1954. 1955. Thomas, M. L. 1924. Todd, R. 1956. NW W Stratigraphy of northern South America, Trinidad and Barbados. Eighth Amer, Sci. Congr., Proc. vol. 4, pp. 513- 571. Stratigraphy and fauna of the Agua Salada group, State of Falcon, Venezuela. Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 32, pp. 1-219, pls. 1-12. Microfauna della serie Elveziana del Rio Mazzapiedi— Castellana (Tortona—Allessandria). Riv. Ital. Pal. Strat., Mem. VI, pp. 99-165. La serie Aquitano—Elveziana del Mainia monte). Riv. Ital. Pal. Strat., vol. 62, No. 1. (Asti Pe- Die stratigraphische Verbreitung der tertidren Orbitoiden mit spezteller Berucksichtigung ithres Vorkommens in Nord -Venezuela und Marokko. Eclog. Geol. Helv., vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 51-113, 369-373. Die Geologie der Insel Barbados, B.W JI, (KI. Antillen) und die Morphogenese der umliegenden marinen Gross- formen. Eclog. Geol. Helv., vol. 40. No. 2, pp. 199-222. The general and economic geology of Trinidad, B.W I. Colonial Geol. Min. Res., vol. 2, Nos. 3-4 (H.M.S.O.). Idem. Ibid., vol. 3, No. 1. Description, correlation and paleoecology of Tertiary Cipero marl formation, Trinidad, B.W.J. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 1292-1330, 2 text- figs. Applied micropaleontology in Coastal Ecuador. Jour. Pal., vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 113-151, pls. 24-26. Further notes on fossil Globigerina oozes. The Micropal- eontologist, vol. 3, pp. 12-13. Ecology of arenaceous Foraminifera. The Micropaleonto- logist, vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 42-44. Classification of uniserial calcareous Foraminifera. Cush- man Found. Foram. Res., Contr.. vol. 3, pp. 6-14. Nodosaria nomenclature. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 146. Comments on the Caribbean Oligocene. Geol. Mag., vol. 41, No. 2, p. 175. Ages of Teritary formations in northwest Peru. Bull. Amer. Assoc, Petr. Geol., vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 2068-2077. Oil prospecting on the north coast of Venezuela. Oil Engi- neering and Finance, pp. 327-330. Geology of Saipan, Mariana Islands: Part 3, Smaller Foraminifera. U.S. Geol. Sury., Prof. Paper 280-H, pp. 265-320, pls. 64-93, tables 1-4. Todd, R., Cloud, P. E., Low, D., and Schmidt, R. G. 1954. Probable occurrence of Oligocene on Saipan. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 252, pp. 673-682. 234 BULLETIN 178 Weidenmayer, C. 1924. Zur Geologie von Ostfalcon (Nord-West Venezuela). Eclog. Geol. Helv., vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 508-512. 1937. Informe geologico sobre los depositos carboniferos de Coro, Distrito Miranda, Estado Falcon. Bol. Geol. Min., Ministerio de Formento, Caracas, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 65-81. Weiss, L. 1955. Planktonic index Foraminifera of northwestern Peru. Micropaleontology, vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 301-319, pls. 1-3. Wiseman, J. D. H., and Ovey, C. D. 1950. Recent investigations of the deep-sea floor. Geol. Assoc. London, Proc., vol. 61, pt. 1, pp. 28-84, pls. 1-2. Wood, A. 1949. The structure of the wall of the test in the Foraminifera; its value in classification. Geol. Soc. London, Quart. Jour., vol. 104, pp. 229-252 (and discussion pp. 252-255), pls. 13, 5: APPENDIX 1 NOTE ON THE VALIDITY OF THE NAME “SAN LORENZO FORMATION”, DISTRICT OF ACOSTA, EASTERN FALCON, VENEZUELA In a private letter, dated 12th August, 1957, Dr. H. G. Kugler drew the writer’s attention to certain facts concerning the validity of the term “San Lorenzo formation” as applied to certain beds which lie between the Pozén and Guacharaca formations in the Dis- trict of Acosta, State of Falcon, Venezuela. Unfortunately, Dr. Kug- ler’s most valuable comments only reached the writer after the present study had been finalized and all the charts draughted. In his letter, Dr. Kugler referred to the following statements concerning a valid formational name in southern California, U.S.A., i.e., San Lorenzo formation. “Oligocene”: southern California (Santa Cruz Mountains region). ; (a) Re Arnold (1906, U-.S.. Geol. Surv.,, Prof.. Paper 47; p16) stated, ‘San Lorenzo formation. Essentially a series of grayish “muddy” shales and fine sandstones, typically exposed along the bed of the San Lorenzo River about 2 miles above Boulder Creek, Santa Cruz County. Extends W. from type locality in Big Basin, on N. side of which it rests conformably against older yellowish sand- stones of Butano Ridge, possibly Oligocene in age.’ This statement Tocuyo AND Pozon FORMATIONS VENEZUELA: BLOW 235 by Arnold was later slightly modified by Atwill as follows: (b) E. R. Atwill (1935, Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., Bull., vol. 19, no 8, p. 1204) stated, “Recent work points to the conclusion type San Lorenzo may range from Oligocene (or even Eocene) to Miocene.” (c) R. A. Liddle (1928, The geology of Venezuela and Trinidad, p. 397, stated, “Upper Oligocene shales, sandstones and limestones included in the Agua Clara, Quiros, El] Mene, Curamichate, La Planchada and Tocuyo horizons constitute the major producing horizon of western and north-western Venezuela”. Dr. Kugler pointed out that the “Tocuyo horizon” of Liddle (1928) is obviously synonymous with A. Senn’s (1935) “El Mene sand formation”. Renz (1948, p. 9) rightly abandoned the term “El Mene sand formation” because of its inadequate definition as well as its preoccupation by such terms as FE] Mene de Buchivacoa and Barinas (see also Hedberg, 1938). However, it appears that a mistake was made in introducing the term “San Lorenzo formation” without having first consulted the Stratigraphic Lexicon. Dr. Kugler goes on to say in his letter,“In view of these state- ments by Arnold and Atwill on a valid formation, I recommend you to drop the term “San Lorenzo formation” and introduce the term “Tocuyo formation”. According to the “Lexico estratigrafico de Venezuela” (1956) the term “Tocuyo” has not been used for any formation or member. Following these comments and the recommendations by Dr. Kugler, the writer proposes that the term “Tocuyo formation” should be substituted for the term “San Lorenzo formation”, District of Acosta, State of Falcon, Venezuela. The writer wishes to express his sincere appreciation for Dr. Kugler’s comments and for permission to quote from his letter of the 12th August, 1957. ag estes er ‘ vient denvk one na ee i one ee Pa oa —? Te ee av At yn ie mele * Wy ‘ avae ’ ; a : ib jee Daas, Pate aan ae a earn Pe, a’ { i rl o iy frre hs \ waeq, é 7 oe sf ZT oh c nal : * + Se a ; 7” a ha; Mell tate “- 2 Has 4 | ag eee a eee 4 : aie 5 a a aN: : : asa we hy : ois 7 i Kal leh nee ne jute Lene ie ie « P * ya ‘Nahe eel f al iaiae, Nj Wy Pana at ei : yo 7 pan! i hal 6 M4 ay /— * 7 ae ae Viet aay = a oe (Sx oA ai — = t < Ft Bagh a Reap " ( ie Ns Laat 7 { : ae P Po ae “I Atay Yb ce ae our ; eel intl ad Bee ast : del tot i Be mee ne 7 sy v y i ty iz aaa fe ’ ’ = 7») ce : ae a oT taal t i age 7 ; * ay ou Wy , gw ¥en © a, 7 ieee altel oe nn M J ’ .. ’ 7 P P ’ i i hee ) a . 4 “ : ’ = oy + [ox ba ie _ ee - i : | ame’. 3’ se i eis ty = 4 . es i —— — sins FooupavFyg01d LI Globigerinoides Daqs= [eapyoupaeNpvoro dagna eopyouyantygoio \ 0 WreTFE Tazo p20 391109 SPpioursniya rT wersedsqo1o Tipsy wupaa Traore < g pe c Ve o | 3 J z 3 sone Paes 6 co) < = oyinaoaed oujzvNaqoro \ oy ‘ —— Loo — ——_ ve i 9) rae Ov = i x + a 24 — —— < to ms i i Tipupant fouyaveTa07 = : = =) a ‘a a8 me ey 2 is ie x ea are = “ > - “ v O z = = = = = = SO = 5 = s&y 7 oe a aa 4 BSeg Wo ss — a “ Syoz a fs tyEupouyangou cyeuvony sbgEu wi qsess Eo. yesse ne v0 Time TM TTT —— | § me Te agod Cea | es es ~ . . aes ste ss eas L999 z Spingmyay soo] ONDAONOTD | 2 = GSOGS ye in) oO Zz < i TITET ETE NOsPETTETOD Tusussog Buy apEneOqOD Oe | a DupapOMTOTOT | | DeogoyH waydeyatO puyapondovorD BrOeTd waTat ate oubapORIATT, a a (anal Darderiie waldeyaie payaponeowayo poe eee alt os Sas DopTousyg OTOIOA0VOID — goa yevos 6)1020209070 TpewTUTETsOp PEGS] OTP OTOATIOT =I FawKoe OTT PISA i Say cai ‘. \ SS aa a | Jeuvon¥usy eypesosogora] STN, Tee | }ypapuew [ippavuew wyyeros0qoTO \ Typseuswnesg MpaRuDE OT TOIOADIOTO Is Ti pacuneoayose i yy OFOsOGOTD Tv \ 7 Tina Fae BPRIIOT] CP OTOITTOT NVINVLINOY HJONNOA & ONY NVINOGOQONIA : ore sae, ‘wo? oyengos uoz 020907 ryiuadna Cu) 20399019) uo? buy} Muy mIe ira Pa Riad os Seyod mpyorosegor9 Yeyod eptez0s07010 SIMs ProsveydE PsPaeuie 617770409010 (°1°8) eu07 y4960m 097090209010 sroidine Ha. | Porticulasphoera - Bjorbulina: Orbulina Cotapsydrox The term San Lorenzo should be changed to Tocuyo. Note: Globoquadrina P fuyapondoqoy C Globorotolia <= ae —— GENERA L {weer 2498 40) 1010. guoz Desaheves; Dupsoundone re a Wb | Malta WOE ensousgsyseg tysdousynus J40y ou02 p>yasey opsruytnayea a i= u ; ; a BA ze z z z : : = ae ta 5 3 " YagWwaW AV19 OLIDINIW NOILVWYOS OZN3YO7 NVS uaaWaW AVI9 Osn yaad = SOW Sve i oh= A SIRe viNe O Aves nl NOlLLywaod NOZOd BLL ON “6E “IPA “iuoajpg euy ‘Ing MeveeR. NOTE: PG= POLICARPIO *GREENSAND® 5 The nee “i M iy Neo ee pecrhgsns ¢ fS ete ih BULLETINS | OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY VOL. XXXIX NUMBER 179 1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York U.S. A; y oe entay- FAA? i ; fi i 4. it tgel iff vo» B7Moirfe fone _ > Lids inal APR 1 3 1959 BARYARD UNIVERSITY PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION 1958-59 PRESIDENT) Coc e ce kona ie cc cea es ARE a RI SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER WIGH-PRESIDENT \ 0522555 esscGak toc tea ete ht els feese ae ica ee eeu a Ae NorRMAN E. WEISBORD SEGRETARY- TREASURER ....60 ty tie EB Tee a at fa REBECCA S. HARRIS DR ACTOR (Oe te ee BR OT KATHERINE V. W. PALMER CCOUINSRG ecleeke ee Nise sane eee ET NE aS NOAM Tad ARMAND L. ADAMS Trustees KENNETH E. CASTER (1954-1960) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life) WINIFRED GOLDRING (1955-1961) RALPH A. LIpDLE (1956-62) REBECCA S. Harris (Life) AXEL A. OLsson (Life) SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER (1953-59) NorMAN E. WEISBORD (1957-63) JoHN W. WELIs (1958-64) Sustaining Members Humble Oil & Refining Company, Houston, Texas Jersey Production Research Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma Magnolia Petroleum Company, Dallas, Texas Socony Mobil Company de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela Superior Oil Company, Los Angeles, California BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY and PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA KATHERINE V. W. PALMER, Editor Mrs. Fay Bricos, Secretary Advisory Board KENNETH E. CASTER HANS KUGLER A. MyrA KEEN Jay GLENN MARKS G. WINSTON SINCLAIR Complete titles and price list of separate available numbers may be had on application. All volumes available except vols. I-VI, VIII, X, XII, XIV, XV of Bulletins and vol. I of Paleontographica Americana. Subscriptions may be entered at any time by volume or year, with average price of $14.00 per volume for Bulletins, Numbers of Paleontographica invoiced per issue. Purchases in U.S.A. for professional purposes are deductible from income tax. For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place Ithaca, New York US.A. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vol. 39 No. 179 PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA FROM THE CRETACEOUS OF TRINIDAD, B. W. I. Hans M. BOLtti Venezuelan Atlantic Refining Company, Caracas April 1, 1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U. S. A. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Page Introduction ep er eee gp ek He Bae get Rd LT ee ce NTT Acknowledgments ............... Pe ROMER Coe esis ater ed eae 257 Stratigraphy . PE hoe eee oe eee oe renee REE SOE ca ce cere eh ee DONT, SEG HIal CRNCLES CE Dil OtNeg. Sees, mt ar oh Pee Peco pa seu eieracn oA akc Mos voarrcae esp aye 259 Planomalina cf. apsndoeigaba Locblich and Tear panne ete sd 259 GROMER AEE OC aS Olllinnnens Dam ree eet eee eee eee 260 icmognolian: Csclagge (USetaunane nnn), Gi, Lo 5 coapade deo sceosasece cence seebocecesceeBboseeseesasa: 260 NAEOUOR AC: TAACIN DSHS. ISON, S01, IB). 5 sarecssnceoecacasoeeessonseessaon sepsoboceceu oot: 261 Planomalina messinae messinae (Bronnimann) ................... 261 Planomalina messinae subcarinata (Bronnimann) ......... ee ee ee 262 PUcpOGHAAA SEDGE VBOMN 5 5s BIDS. pocssasdsaceacesonesoecpocseseesekoseee sao scembsesee eee: se AGP MepogaA Ae WRG LABDSAS (OBSeOyNTSTTEVONOY)). | 45..>.00- aceensospocensooecanecupeeoes-eoestebbace eesebsbe 262 asiwerinoides, alexanderza ((Gusininamy) pees ese eee eee 263 Biglobigerinella barri Bolli, Loeblich, and ‘Tapnan BAN ee OL ON ee 263 Swibaalbonaa Gripelolhice WEIEME s.pfecsones.2ohobbnne.norece-nesnssony oedoeeces a ee 263 Schackoina multispinata (Cushman and Wickenden) ......00.00..00...0000.0c2e. 264 Schackoina pustulans pustulans Bolli eo oN det A RES ieee 264 Schackoina pustulans quinquecamerata Bolli .........6....00...20..c00cceveeeeveccceeeee 264 GRACE OMARRCLERELL AS OUITE F. Siies ote A cece RE Ss eee 264 eupoldinguproriperan’s, Dollig tt. ee reees Ae Se 264 Prgeslovorruncanaectassd BOM aly SP: 2.8 5jsanee oon. nae eh ase 265 Praeglobotruncana gautierensis (Bronmimann) .................0..000000000ec0eeeeeeees 265 Praeglobotruncana cf. gautierensis (Bronnimann) .....0.000.000.00.ccceccce eee eee 266 Praeglobotruncana infracretacea (Glaessner) .........2..00.00.00ccccseesseseeseeseeeees 266 Praeglobotruncana modesta Bolli, n. sp. ...... 267 Prgesiovorruncana. planispira: (Tappan): £2... 2. 9..aeso eens eee eee nese 267 Beaenovoiruncana robrim BO inna SPs ess...2ot eee oe ee es = 267 Rugoglobigerina hantkeninoides (Bronnimann) ........ Oe ere oi LOS Rugoglobigerina macrocephala Bronnimann .... bee at a Se 269 KS ORLOLIerinagwercHelT BLOninilMnantn + (soy eo coe DSS) Racoxlouleerimancosas (Plummet). cae ee ee 269 Raeoolobieerina: scov7 ((Btonnimann)) .6.cs-e0 eee eee 269 Globigering (cretaced GOPNENY 2c. isco. cee vee dene 270 Globicerimaceraysonen sus, Map pari qb.) ctte cic eset ce sete hee 270 (GUAR CATA OTIS 4789 (EAN 8°01 CRG 0 RCS > Rn A UO OCR, oa NN, Le ee 270 Globigerina washitensis Carsey SENG oaaie, ete Pee 271 LISS CHN Cla Atom Poreraced Mappaty astute ye eee eee sacs 271 AE re WAN Gem CMC eet Sets ee rere eaten, Uae RE Cree BM a AN Retr eR se eS 272 Diateswene aan eas SNe cote eee A aoe Be cc oa IMC aoe ctr Rn a Oy Saar eam rs es ca oe DUB CHARTS 1. Distribution of planktonic Foraminifera in the Cretaceous of Trinidad, BMY bs So. ascce ett: Meee eRe Oley ert tie ne a ee eae Between 258-259 ‘ “ P A A \ a = y eé i r, $e 5 7 > Liwty _ ee is ( 7 i at | in Se e ? — ‘1h Wee _ 3 ekerras. 7-9! tM (na were semmmaste 19 a 7 a. cot p 7 3B 7 a - i i a —_ ' cee : i Yi 3s 7 : ~» © PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA FROM THE CRETACEOUS OF TRINIDAD, BW. I Hans M. Bo_tti Venezuelan Atlantic Refining Company, Caracas ABSTRACT Thirty-three species and subspecies of planktonic Foraminifera from the Lower and Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad are described or listed and their stratigraphic ranges shown on a table. The following species are described as new: Planomalina blowi, P. maridalensis, P. saundersi, Praeglobotruncana crassa, P. modesta, P. rohri, and Globigerina kugleri. While the zonation of the Upper Cretaceous formations remains unchanged, five foraminiferal zones are proposed for the still incompletely known Lower Cretaceous Toco, Cuche, and Maridale formations. INTRODUCTION This paper is supplementary to a number of earlier publications on Cretaceous planktonic Foraminifera from Trinidad (Bartenstein, Betten- staedt, and Bolli, 1957; Bolli, 1951, 1957a, 1957b; Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, 1957; Bronnimann, 1952a). Its purpose is to describe or list and to give the stratigraphic ranges of those planktonic species of the genera Planomalina, Hastigerinoides, Biglobigerinella, Schackoina, Leupoldina, Praeglobotruncana, Rugoglobigerina, Globigerina, and Hastigerinella which were either not described or whose stratigraphic ranges were not shown on the range chart in Bolli (1957a). Remarks are also made on some changes of the generic position of a number of species described by Bronnimann (19524). All specimens figured in this report are deposited in the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author 1s indebted to The Texas Company for giving permission to publish this paper. He wishes to thank Mr. J. B. Saunders, Senior Stratigrapher of Texaco Trinidad Inc. for reading and discussing the manu- script. Dr. H. G. Kugler has kindly made it possible to have the figures drawn by Patricia and Lawrence Isham, scientific illustrators of the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. STRATIGRAPHY Most of Trinidad’s known Lower Cretaceous is of Barremian age. The foraminiferal fauna of the Cuche, Toco, and Tompire formations, which was described by Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, and Bolli (1957) is predomin- antly benthonic. Only one planktonic species (Globigerina kugleri) is known from the lower Barremian Toco formation of the Northern Range. No attempt is made to subdivide this formation at the present time. The 258 BULLETIN 179 characteristic Lenticulina (L.) barri is used as the zonal marker for the whole formation. The type locality is situated in Toco Bay on the north- east coast of Trinidad (Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, and Bolli, 1957, text fig. 3). No planktonic Foraminifera have so far been encountered in the probably slightly older Tompire formation. The middle Barremian—? lower Aptian Cuche formation is here divided into two zones. Three planktonic species are recorded from the lower, Lenticulina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone. This zone includes the following localities described by Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, and Bolli (1957, p. 11-12): Station Road, Remanie Boulder Bed, Plaisance Hill West and Plaisance Hill East in Pointe-a-Pierre, and Tabaquite-Nariva Road in the Central Range. The richest foraminiferal fauna occurs in the Station Road locality, which, although lithologically not typical for the Cuche formation, is taken as the type locality for the zone. The age of this zone ranges from middle Barremian to probably upper Barremian (Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, and Bolli, 1957, p. 63). The upper, Lewpoldina protuberans zone of the Cuche formation is so far known only from a slip-mass in the Piparo River of the Central Range (Bolli, 19574, text fig. 1). In addition to Globigerina kugleri and Praeglo- botruncana infracretacea which range up from the lower zone, six new planktonic species and subspecies belonging to the genera Planomalina, Schackoina, Leupoldina, and Hastigerinella appear in this zone. The benthonic fauna is transitional between the underlying Levticulina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone and the Biglobigerinella barri zone of the Mari- dale formation. The Lewpoldina protuberans zone is considered to be of lower Aptian age. The Aptian-Albian Marida'e formation is known only in the form of slip-masses (see e.g. Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, and Bolli, 1957, text fig. 2 The formation is divided into a lower, Brglobigerimella barri zone, and an upper, Praeglobotruncana rohri zone. ‘The type locality for the former is situated in front of the estate house of Maridale Estate, Eastern Central Range (Co-ordinates N: 349360 links; E: 580120 links). A map showing the position of this locality will be given in Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, and Bolli’s paper on the Foraminifera of the Maridale formation which is now in preparation. Compared with the Cuche formation there is a marked increase in planktonic Foraminifera in a rich microfauna that also includes many Radiolaria species. Besides several planktonic species which range up from the underlying Leupoldina protuberans zone, there are a number BVpPBUIdsIZ [NW BUTOHOVYIS VAVULAIBOGHS avUTSssam vu [eMOUR[d 1}2}008 BuTIaZIqo[so#Ny *[°S saploutuayzUeY eUularssIgo[sosMj *[°S T[ayoted Bvulaadtqgo[sogny @VUTssaM aeUIsSsaM eu [emouE[d [iapuvxa[e saptoutsas1zsey “[°8 B[ eydac010e0 Bul saz qo[Zogdny *[°S BsoTNI eUTAadT Go| J0INY witdstuv[d eusounlj}0qgo[#e8I1g BSESB19 BUVOUNI}OQGO[JevIg TFJTOpues szuroyovyos Ba08}ZaI1D BUIIIZ1 QO] SIsuatlat}nvs “Jo BuBoUNI}0OGo|ZevIg SIsUaINIn} Bul [BwoUueTy SISUszTYBeM BUIAIIIQGoO[4 eqoiyeontsde *jo evur[emouetd Tayoa evuvouns3 0go[Javaig “['8 Tdeyose eur, emouetd SISUaIIT}NeD BUBIUNIZOGO[sZeVIg BYSapom BvUuEUNIZOGO[ZavIg Tiieq Bl [eUuTAaII Qo [AIG Tsiepunes But [euouetd BISUS[eplueM eu [eMous[g Bpviaweoanburnbd suelnzsnd suroHoeyoS sue[njsnd suvlnysnd euroyHoeyas suedeqnzoid vuiprtodnay] T[ayoted eurToyYovyos BIIeZSIIOGNS “JJe Vl [sued IysSe]] TwOTq BUT [BOUL Td B2I0IVpPoILIVIJUT BUBOUNIZ CQO [JaBIg Stsusu0Bshvis eulias1qo[y TaaTsINy eursastqo [Ty TENTATIVE CORRELATION WITH STAGES OF: GULF COAST aov NOLLVAUOd MAESTRICH- CAMPANIAN SANTONIAN CONIACTAN SNOSOVLAND Wddn EAGLEFORD TURONIAN ! ee C °o ] Q ~ —_ od oa 3 (= a 7] q =“ =| — & = & ® » @] - a Cy a tia C:] 3 3 a | s Di of 5s elec Ss sia & eis 6/a =| o\|s @ el acl o —--Alé@ @ola sridwig a a@aj/f-also ea eS SGM)\/oml ow} o-m|o adlo alo Oo Ba) & le Oh ee a ilo aia Bae; hie mlaoe!l as off bla wl|/ SB wlo S@i& Elo +H cel] fs of Ger ae E-sie le & ot c.] N el c, oo;m -— 2 | ra =) Bo a C) E =| Fa 3) E S| E Elw @ |e [ww o os ]— ole & SOP OBIP Aly S/H LIP El Oly Ble O [A ee le ow Ber) sels « AS/So LiSovP|/ovP/o oO]|o colo hilo of/aetl/e& o/s o 53 0/0 @]o 2 ;Y mao 82 S/o alana o]/2 2 sle f&/o @ly @ wl Sf Baes|\o io ®]o ° ° ° onfowmt l= Baio HK ale oly 2 Ble es Oe a) = a x re e&lC Bice e £& S16 << o oO gio o o o o © A eo; e gg C) (3) — So a a el = Cy a oe) ° = a GYuV AVIUDVAV OD TIIH VALYVdVN WaT LaAVa AHOND JOOOL BARREMTAN CENOMANT AN WASHITA NUEVO LEON SNOWOV LAND % es iy Crs ate - W an ae . s 4 é , » iy i j ~~ ~ ¢ : = <« » 7 a | <= fm . - q > - al “ . - : x ‘ae - a id - : { KZ \ , : <“ oe ee % a} - = * a, s 7 =< ~ { ~% : a 7 a be Ss 7 — a a = = Land — : 7 a Description.—Shape of test. Planispiral, stellate, biumbilicate, evolute. Wall. Calcareous, finely perforate. Chambers. Spherical in early stage, in last whorl becoming more and more elongate and pointed at the outer end; 12-15 chambers arranged in 214 whorls. The five-six chambers of the last whorl increase fairly rapidly in size. The position of the last chamber is often slightly oblique. Sw/wres. Radial, depressed. Aperture. A long, low slit, bordered by a rim or lip, equatorial. Relict apertures of earlier chambers of last whorl present but often not clearly visible in examined material. Dimension.—Largest diameter of holotype, 0.36 mm. Stratigraphic range.—Biglobigerinella barri zone, Maridale formation. Locality—Holotype (USNM 626307) and figured paratypes (USNM 626305-6) from the type locality of the Brglobigerinella barri zone, Mari- dale formation; Maridale Estate, in front of estate house, Eastern Central Range, Trinidad (Co-ordinate N: 349360 links; E: 580120 links) ; sample Bo. 530. Remarks.—Planomalina saunders Bolli, n. sp., resembles Hastigers- nella subcretacea Tappan in general shape but differs in being planispiral and in having the chambers of the last whorl more pointed at the outer end. It differs from other Cretaceous Planomalina species in possessing more elongate chambers. The species is named for Mr. John B. Saunders in recognition of his contributions on Trinidad foraminiferal faunas, Planomalina tururensis (Bronnimann ) 1952. Globigerinella tururensis Bronnimann, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 34, No. 140, p. 51-52, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5, text figs. 27a-m. Stratigraphic range —Globigerina washitensis zone to Rotalipora ap- penninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation. Remarks.—The specimens described by Bronnimann from the Gautier formation are rather poorly preserved, the umbilical areas often filled with CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA TRINIDAD: BOLLI 263 matrix. The distinct, arched, equatorial aperture of the last chamber reaches from one umbilical area into the opposite. This would suggest that relict apertures in earlier chambers are probably present, as is the case in other Cretaceous planispiral planktonic species. It is for this reason that Globigerinella tururensis is here placed in the genus Planomalina. Genus Hastigerinoides Bronnimann Hastigerinoides alexanderi (Cushman ) 1952. Hastigerinoides alexanderi (Cushman), Bronnimann, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 34, No. 140, p. 53-54, text figs. 28a-m. Stratigraphic range.—Globotruncana concavata zone, Naparima Hill formation. Genus Biglobigerinella Lalicker Biglobigerinella barri Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan 1957. Biglobigerinella barri Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 21S peed; Die 1 hiesiad 3-289) Stratigraphic range —Biglobigerinella barri zone, Maridale formation. Subfamily Hantkenininae Cushman Genus Sechaekoina Thalmann Schackoina gandolfii Reichel PI20; figs: 12218 1947. Schackoina gandolfii Reichel, Eclogae Geol. Helv., v. 40, No. 2, p. 397-400, text figs. 3a-g, 6 No. 3. 1952. Hastigerinoides rohri Bronnimann, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 34, No. 140, p. 55, pl. 1, figs. 8, 9, text figs. 29a-f. Stratigraphic range.—Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation to Globotruncana renzi zone, Naparima Hill formation. Locality.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 626341-47) from the type locality of the Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier forma- tion; in the Gautier River (right side branch of Cunapo River), at junction of waterfall branch, north of Chert Hill, 11/, miles southeast of Mamon Guaico-Tamana Road, Eastern Central Range, Trinidad (Co- ordinates N: 331460 links; E: 520400 links) ; sample K. R. 8385A. Remarks.—It was pointed out (Bolli, 1957b, p. 273) that the speci- mens described by Bronnimann (1952a) are likely to belong to Schackoina. A close examination of many specimens, of which a few are figured here, confirmed this assumption. Further, Hastigerinoides rohri appears to be synonymous with Schackoina gandolfu. 264 BULLETIN 179 Schackoina multispinata (Cushman and Wickenden ) Pl. 20, fig. 19 1930. Hantkenina multispinata Cushman and Wickenden, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 6, pt. 2, p. 40, pl. 6, figs. 4-6. Stratigraphic range.—Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone, Guayaguay- are formation. Locality —F¥igured hypotype (USNM 626340) from the Abathom- phalus mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare formation; Texaco well Guaya- guayare No. 163, southeast Trinidad; from core 5588-98 feet. Schackoina pustulans pustulans Bolli 1958. Schackoina pustulans pustulans Bolli, Eclogae Geol. Helv., v. 50, No. 2 (1957), p: 274 pl. 4, fgss 1-4. Stratigraphic range —Leupoldina protuberans zone, Cuche formation to Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation. Schackoina pustulans quinquecamerata Bolli 1958. Schackoina pustulans quinquecamerata Bolli, Eclogae Geol. Helv., v. 50, INO, 2 (CIOS), jo. ZTE Tolle aly ire. GS 7, Stratigraphic range-—Leupoldina protuberans zone, Cuche formation to Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation. Schackoina reicheli Bolli 1958. Schackoina reicheli Bolli, Eclogae Geol. Helv., v. 50, No. 2 (1957), p. 275, pl. 1, figs. 8-10. Stratigraphic range-—Leupoldina protuberans zone, Cuche formation to Biglobigerinella barri zone, Maridale formation. Leupoldina protuberans Bolli Pl. 20, fig. 20 1958. Leupoldina protuberans Bolli, Eclogae Geol. Helv., v. 50, No. 2 (1957), Ay i a &) D2 =p en eas Stratigraphic range.—Leupoldina protuberans zone, Cuche formation to Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation. Locality.—Figured hypotype (USNM 626348) from the type locality of the Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation; in the Gautier River (right side branch of Cunapo River), at junction of waterfall branch, north of Chert Hill, 114 miles southeast of Mamon Guaico- Tamana Road, Eastern Central Range, Trinidad (Co-ordinates N: 331460 links; E: 520400 links) ; sample K. R. 8385A. CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA TRINIDAD: BOLLI 265 Family Globorotaliidae Cushman, 1927 Genus Praeglobotruneana Bermudez Praeglobotruneana crassa Bolli, n. sp. AL Ail, ies, il, Description.—Shape of test. Low trochospiral, equatorial periphery lobate. Wall. Calcareous, finely perforate. Chambers. Spherical in early stage, becoming slightly compressed laterally in the final whorl, giving the test a “thick” appearance. Approximately 15 chambers arranged in about three whorls. The five chambers of the last whorl increase moderately in size. Sutures. Radial, depressed on spiral and umbilical side. Umbzilicus. Narrow, deep. Aperture. A low arch, intertomarginal, umbilical-extraum- bilical. Cozling. Random. Dimension.—Largest diameter of holotype, 0.44 mm. Stratigraphic range.—Globotruncana inornata zone to Globotruncana concavata zone, Naparima Hill formation. Locality —Holotype (USNM 626315) and figured paratype (USNM 626316) from the Globotruncana renzi zone, Naparima Hill formation ; Texaco well Marac No. 1, south Trinidad; from core 9347-9403 feet. Remarks —Praeglobotruncana crassa, n. sp., differs from P. gautieren- sis in possessing only five chambers in the last whorl, in having the cham- bers slightly compressed laterally, and in the smaller and deeper umbilicus. Praeglobotruncana gautierensis (Bronnimann) Pl. 21, figs. 3-6 1952. Globigerina gautierensis Bronnimann, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 34, No. 140, p. 11-14, pl. 1, figs. 1-3, text figs. 2a-m. Stratigraphic range —Biglobigerinella barri zone, Maridale formation to Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation. Locality Figured paratypes (USNM 626309-10) from the type locality of the Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier forma- tion; in the Gautier Rive (right side branch of Cunapo River), at junction of waterfall branch, north of Chert Hill, 114 miles southeast of Mamon Guaico-Tamana Road, Eastern Central Range, Trinidad (Co-ordinates N: 331460 links; E: 520400 links) ; sample K. R. 8385A. Figured hypotypes (USNM 626324, 626328) from the Praeglobotruncana rohri zone, Matri- dale formation; boulder from trench on east side of the Cuche locality “Station Road” in Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad (see Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, and Bolli, 1957, p. 11) ; sample K. R. 23148. 266 BULLETIN 179 Remarks.—Examination of better preserved material shows that the forms described by Bronnimann as Globigerina gautierensis and Globi- gerina cretacea possess distinctly interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbiltcal apertures and thus belong in the genus Praeglobotruncana. Typical P. gautierensis have six-seven chambers in the last whorl. Similar forms with only five chambers are here described as P. cf. gautierensis. These forms have a slightly different stratigraphic range. Bronnimann (1952a, p. 14, text fig. 3) described such forms as Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny. Praeglobotruncana cf. gautierensis (Bronnimann ) DE Al, Wes, 7, & 1952. Globigerina cretacea d'Orbigny, Bronnimann, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 34, No. 140, p. 14-16, text figs. 3a-m. Stratigraphic range-—Globigerina washitensis zone, Gautier forma- tion to Globotruncana renzi zone, Naparima Hill formation. Locality —Figured type (USNM 626311) from the type locality of the Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation; in the Gautier River (right side branch of Cunapo River), at junction of water- fall branch, north of Chert Hill, 11/4, miles southeast of Mamon Guaico- Tamana Road, Eastern Central Range, Trinidad (Co-ordinates N: 331460 links; E: 520400 links); sample K. R. 8385A. Figured type (USNM 626312) from the Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier for- mation; Trinidad Petroleum Development well Moruga No. 15, south Trinidad; core 9579-98 feet. Remarks.—See under Praeglobotruncana gautierensis. Praeglobotruncana infracretacea (Glaessner) Pl. 21, figs. 9-10; Pl. 22, fig. 1 1937. Globigerina infracretacea Glaessner, Studies in Micropaleontology, Univ. Moscow, p. 28, pl. 1. Stratigraphic range.—Lenticulina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone, Cuche formation to Praeglobotruncana rohri zone, Maridale formation. Locality.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 626295-96) from the Lentz- culina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone, Cuche formation; Plaisance Hill West, on the east side of the tennis court in the General Manager’s resi- dence, Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad (see Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, and Bolii, 1957, u. 12); sample Rz. 437. Figured specimen with fewer chambers than the typical forms (USNM 626294) from the Remanie Boulder bed, outcrop on the coast, about 450 feet northeast of the Pointe-a-Pierre Bathing Jetty, Trinidad (see Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, and Bollt, 1957, p. 12); samp!e K. 8187A. CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA TRINIDAD: BOLLI 267 Praeglobotruncana modesta Bolli, u. sp. Pl. 22> fie. 2 Description.—Shape of test. Small, low trochospiral, equatorial peri- phery lobate, axial periphery rounded. Wall. Calcareous, finely perforate. Chambers. Small, spherical, about 12-15, arranged in two-three whorls. The seven-eight chambers of the last whorl increase slowly in size. Sutures. Radial, depressed on spirial and umbilical side. Umbilicus. Fairly wide. Aperture. A low arch, interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical. Coz/ing. Random. Dimension.—Largest diameter of holotype, 0.21 mm. Stratigraphic range.—Bziglobigerinella barri zone, Maridale formation to Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation. Locality Holotype (USNM 626308) from the type locality of the Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation; in the Gautier River (right side branch of Cunapo River), at junction of waterfall branch, north of Chert Hill, 114 miles southeast of Mamon Guaico-Tamana Road, Eastern Central Range, Trinidad (Co-ordinates N: 331460 links; E: 520400 links), sample K. R. 8385A. Remarks.—Praeglobotruncana modesta, n. sp., differs from P. gavtier- ensis and P. rohri in its much smaller size and more open umbilicus. Praeglobotrunecana planispira (Tappan) RI 22e tiesa3 ee 1943. Globigerina planispiva Tappan, Jour. Paleont., v. 17, No. 5, p. 513, pl. 83, fig. 3. Stratigraphic range.—Globotruncana inornata zone to Globotruncana stuarti zone, Naparima Hill formation. Locality.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 626317-18) from the Globo- truncana inornata zone, Naparima Hill formation; Trinidad Petroleum De- velopment well Moruga No. 15, south Trinidad; from core 6980-7005 feet. Remarks.—Praeglobotruncana planispira has a distinct interiomar- ginal, umbilical-extraumbilical aperture and is, therefore, removed from the genus Globigerina under which it was described originally. Typical specimens are restricted in Trinidad to the Globotruncana imornata zone, though specimens that probably belong to this species are found throughout the Naparima Hill formation. Praeglobotruneana rohri Bolli, n. sp. IDE DA. anes, SEF Description.—Shape of test. Low trochospiral, equatorial periphery slightly lobate, axial periphery rounded. Wal/. Calcareous, finely perforate. 268 BULLETIN 179 Chambers. Spherical in early stage, later becoming somewhat compressed on the anterior and posterior ends; 20-25 chambers, arranged in three whorls; the seven-nine chambers of the last whorl increase moderately in size. Sutures. Radial, depressed on spiral and umbilical side. Umbilicus. Fairly narrow, deep. Aperture. A long, medium to low arch with a rim above, interiomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical. Cozling. Ratio of dextral to sinistral coiling approximately 2:1. Largest diameter of holotype, 0.39 mm. Praeglobotruncana rohri zone, Maridale forma- Dimension. Stratigraphic range. tion. Locality —Holotype (USNM 626326) and figured paratypes (USNM 626325, 626327) from the Praeglobotruncana rohri zone, Maridale forma- tion; boulder from trench on east side of the Cuche locality “Station Road”’ in Pointe-a-Pierre (see Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, and Bolli, 1957, p. 11) ; sample K. R. 23148. Remarks.—Praeglobotruncana rohri, n. sp., resembles Rotalipora roberti (Gandolfi) in general shape and number and arrangement of chambers. It differs, however, from this species in having a narrower umbilicus and in the absence of supplementary sutural apertures. The species is named for Dr. Karl Rohr in recognition of his extensive geological work in Trinidad, B.W.1. Family Globotruneanidae Brotzen, 1942 Genus Rugoglobigerina Bronnimann Rugoglobigerina hantkeninoides (Bronnimann ) 1952. Plummerella hantkeninoides hantkeninoides Bronnimann, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 34, No. 140, p. 37-39, pl. 3, figs. 1-3, text figs. 17a-k. 1952. Plummerella hantkeninoides costata Bronnimann, ibid., p. 39-40, plas figs. 4-6; text figs. 18a-c. 1952. Plummerella hantkeninoides inflata Bronnimann, sbid., p. 40-42, pl. 3, figs. 7-9, text figs. 19a-m. Stratigraphic range. are formation. Remarks.—Plummerella was found to be a homonym and the name was changed by Bronnimann (1952b) to Plammerita. Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan (1957) placed Plammerita 1n synonymy with Rugoglobigerina. The three subspecies erected by Bronnimann have an identical stratigraphic distribution which is shown on the accompanying range chart under Rugo- globigerina hantkeninoides, s. 1. Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone, Guayaguay- CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA [IRINIDAD: BOLLI 269 Rugoglobigerina macrocephala Bronnimann 1952. Rugoglobigerina macrocephala macrocephala Bronniman, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 34, No. 140, p. 25-27, pl. 2, figs. 1-3, text figs. 9a-s. 1952. Rugoglobigerina macrocephala ornata Bronnimann, ibid., p. 27-28, pl. 2, figs. 4-6, text figs. 10a-i. Stratigraphic range.—Globotruncana inornata zone, Naparima Hill formation to Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare formation. Remarks.—The stratigraphic ranges of Bronnimann’s two subspecies are almost identical; on the accompanying range chart they are combined under Ragoglobigerina macrocephala, s. 1. Rugoglobigerina reicheli Bronnimann 1952. Rugoglobigerina reicheli reicheli Bronnimann, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 34, No. 140, p. 18-20, pl. 3, figs. 10-12, text figs. 4a-m., 5a-i. 1952. Rugoglobigerina reicheli pustulata Bronnimann, 7bid., p. 20-23, pl. 2, figs. 7-9, text figs. 6a-m, 7a-i. 1952. Rugoglobigerina reicheli hexacamerata Bronnimann, ibid., p. 23-25, pl. 2, figs. 10-12, text fig. 8. Stratigraphic range-—Globotruncana stuarti zone, Naparima Hill formation to Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare formation. Remarks.—The three closely related subspecies have identical strati- graphic ranges which are shown on the accompanying range chart under Rugoglobigerina reicheli, s. 1. Rugoglobigerina rugosa (Plummer) 1926. Globigerina rugosa Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 2644, p. 38, pl. 2, fig. 10. Stratigraphic range—Globotruncana inornata zone, Napatima Hill formation to Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare formation. Remarks.—Reference is made to Bronnimann (1952a) who split Rugoglobigerina rugosa into three closely related subspecies: R. rugosa rugosa, R. rugosa penny, and R. rugosa rotundata. The stratigraphic ranges of the three subspecies are almost identical; on the accompanying range chart they are shown under R. rugosa, 5. 1. Rugoglobigerina seotti (Bronnimann) 1952. Trinitella scotti Bronnimann, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 34, No. 140, p. 57-58, pl. 4, figs. 4-6, text figs. 30a-m. Stratigraphic range—Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone, Guayaguay- are formation. Remarks.—Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan (1957) placed Trinitella in synonymy with Rwgoglobigerina. 270 BULLETIN 179 Family Orbulinidae Schultze, 1854 Subfamily Globigerininae Carpenter, 1862 Genus Globigerina d@’Orbigny Globigerina eretacea d’Orbigny Pl. 22, figs. 8, 9. 1840. Globigerina cretacea dOrbigny, Soc. Géol. France, Mém., v. 4, No. 1, p) 34, pl.13F fies 12-14. Stratigraphic range.—Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation to Globotruncana renzi zone, Naparima Hill formation. Locality —Figured hypotypes (USNM 626313-14) from the Globo- truncana inornata zone, Naparima Hill formation; Trinidad Petroleum Development well Moruga No. 15, south Trinidad from core 6980-7005 feet. Remarks.—The figured specimens compare well with D’Orbigny’s drawings. The apertures are distinctly umbilical. It appears likely that the Rugoglobigerinas have developed from this species. Globigerina graysonensis Tappan Pl. 23; figs. 1, 2 1940. Globigerina graysonensis Tappan, Jour. Paleont., v. 14, No. 2, p. 122, pl. 19, figs. 15-17. Stratigraphic range.—Lenticulina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone, Cuche formation; probably extending into the Aptian/Albian. Locality.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 626292-93) from the Lenticu- lina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone, Cuche formation; Trinidad Northern Areas well Montserrat No. 1, Western Central Range, Trinidad; from cores 7102-7262 feet. Remarks.—Globigerina graysonensis 1s a small form with considerable variation in the convexity of the spiral side (e. g. figs. 16 and 17 in Tap- pan, 1940). Globigerina kugleri Bolli, n. sp. PI 235 flee 3-5 Description.—Shape of test. Small, trochospiral, spiral side slightly to distinctly convex, equatorial periphery lobate. Wall. Calcareous, finely per- forate. The specimens found in the Cuche and Toco formations are in- variably pyritised. Chambers. Spherical in early stage, may become slightly compressed laterally in the last whorl; about 10 arranged in 214 whorls; the usual four chambers of the last whorl increase fairly rapidly in size. Sutures. On spiral and umbilical side radial, depressed. Umbilicus. Fairly small. Aperture. A distinct, fairly high arch, often with a rim; interio- marginal, umbilical. Co/ling. Random. CRETACEOUS FOKAMINIFERA ITRINIDAD: BOLLI 27a Dimension.—Largest diameter of holotype, 0.28 mm. Stratigraphic range.—Lenticulina (L.) barri zone, Toco formation to Leupoldina protuberans zone, Cuche formation. Locality.—Holotype (USNM 626289) and figured paratypes (USNM 626290-91) from the Lenticulina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone, Cuche formation; Trinidad Northern Areas well Montserrat No. 1, Western Central Range, Trinidad; from cores 7102-7262 feet. Remarks.—The only other known Cretaceous Globigerina species that has an arrangement of chambers comparable to that of Globigerina kugleri, n. sp., is Globigerina washitensis Carsey. It differs from this species 1n its smaller size and in the absence of the characteristic honeycomb pattern on the chamber surface. The species is named for Dr. Hans G. Kugler in recognition of his contributions to the geology of Trinidad. Globigerina washitensis Carsey J, Dah, shes. GO, 7 1926. Globigerina washitensis Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull., No. 2612, p. 44, pl. 8, fig. 2. Stratigraphic range-—Globigerina washitensis zone, Gautier forma- tion. Locality —Figured hypotypes (USNM 626321-22) from the Globr- gerina washitensis zone, Gautier formation; Texaco well Marac No. 1, south Trinidad; from core 9853-91 feet. Remarks.—The Trinidad specimens clearly show the characteristic honeycomb pattern on the chamber surface. Genus Hastigerinella Cushman Hastigerinella aff. suberetacea Tappan Pl. 23, figs. 10-13 1943. Hastigerinella subcretacea Tappan, Jour. Paleont., v. 17, No. 5, p. 513-14, pl. 83, figs. 4a-c. Stratigraphic range.—Leupoldina protuberans zone, Cuche formation to Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation. Locality.—Figured types (USNM 626299-626302) from the type locality of the Lewpoldina protuberans zone, Cuche formation; Piparo River, Central Range, Trinidad (see text fig. 1 in Bolli, 1957b) ; sample Bo. 529. Remarks.—The Trinidad forms differ slightly from the holotype in that the last elongate chambers are more radial in position than in the holo- 272 BULLETIN 179 type where they are inclined to be directed forward. Hastigerinella sub- cretacea appears to be closely related to Praeglobotruncana infracretacea (Glaessner). Figures 8 and 9 of Plate 23 show specimens that can be regarded as transitional between these two species. No typical representatives of the genus Hastigerinella are known from the pre-Miocene and it can, therefore, be assumed that the Miocene-Recent species of this genus are not direct descendants from species described from the Cretaceous as Hastigerinella, For convenience and until clear dis- tinguishing morphological characters can be established, the Lower Cre- taceous species is here, for the time being, included in Hastigerinella. FITERAT URE GLERED Bartenstein, H., Bettenstaedt F., and Bolli, H. M. 1957. Die Foraminiferen der Unterkreide von Trinidad, B. W. 1. Erster Teil: Cuche-und Toco-Formation. Eclogae Geol. Helv., v. 50, No. 1, p. 5-67, pls. 1-8, 3 text figs. Bolli, H. M. 1951. The genus Globotruncana in Trinidad, B. W’. 1. Jour. Paleont., v. 25, No. 2, p. 187-199, pls. 34, 35, 1 text fig. 1957a. The genera Praeglobotruncana, Rotalipora, Globotruncana and Abat- homphalus in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad, B. W. I. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 215, p. 51-60, pls. 12-14, 1 text fig. 1957b. The foraminiferal genera Schackoina Thalmann emended and Len- poldina, n. gen. in the Cretaceous of Trinidad, B. W. 1. Eclogae Geol. Helv., v. 50, No. 2, p. 271-278, pls. 1, 2, 1 text fig. Bolli, H. M., Loeblich, A. R., and Tappan, Helen 1957. Planktonic foraminiferal families Hantkeninidae, Orbulinidae, Glo- borotaliidae and Globotruncanidae. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 215, p. 3-50, pls. 1-11, 9 text figs. Bronnimann, P. 1952a. Globigerinidae from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maestrich- tian) of Trinidad, B. W. 1. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 34, No. 140, p. 1-70, pls. 1-4, 30 text figs. 1952b. Plummerita, new name for Plummerella Bronnimann 1952. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 3, No. 3 and 4, p. 146. Tappan, Helen 1943. Foraminifera from the Duck Creek formation of Oklahoma and Texas. Jour. Paleont., v. 17, No. 5, p. 476-517, pls. 77-83. BEAES 274 BULLETIN 179 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 20 All figures x 80 Figure Page 1. Planomalina cf. apsidostroba Loeblich and Tappan... 259 Equatorial view (USNM 626323). From the Praeglobotruncana yohy1 zone, Maridale formation. 2 3. Planomalina blowi Bolli, 1. Sp.cceeccecec eee eeeesceesseseseeteeeeeeteeteeeteetnecees 260 2a. Equatorial view of holotype (USNM 626303). 2b. Edge view. 3. Equatorial view of paratype (USNM 626304). Both from the Leupoldina protuberans zone, Cuche formation. 4-6. Planomalina maridalensis Bolli, 1. Sp.--:::--::::::e::eeeetteereteees 261 4, 5. Equatorial views of paratypes (USNM 626330-31). 6a. Equa- torial view of holotype (USNM 626329). 6b. Edge view. All from the Biglobigerinella barri zone, Maridale formation, 7. 8. Planomalina escheri (Kaufmann), $s. [eve cece risers eseeeees 260 Ja. Equatorial view of hypotype (USNM 626319). 7b. Edge view. 8. Equatorial view of hypotype (USNM 626320). Both from the Globotruncana concavata zone, Naparima Hill formation. 9-11. Planomalina saundersi Bolli, 1. Sp.-cecceeccceeceesceceesseereeeteeeeeeeeeneees 262 9, 11. Equatorial views of paratypes (USNM 626305-6). 10a. Equa- torial view of holotype (USNM 626307). 10b. Edge view. All from the Biglobigerinella barri zone, Maridale formation. 42-18. Sehackoina gandolfii Reichel... cece eee e eee ee teers ee terete eeees 263 12-16. Equatorial views of hypotypes (USNM 626341-45) with 4 chambers in last whorl. Spines or bulb-shaped extensions broken off. 17. Equatorial view of hypotype (USNM 626346). Partly broken extension of last chamber indicates that it was bulb-shaped and not a spine. 18. Equatorial view of hypotype (USNM 626347) with 5 chambers in last whorl. Spines or bulb-shaped extensions broken off. All from the Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation. 19. Sehackoina multispinata (Cushman and Wickenden ) «es 264 19a. Equatorial view of hypotype (USNM 626340). Spines partly broken off. 19b. Edge view. From the Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone, Guayaguayare formation. 20. Leupoldina protuberans Boll... eerste ee teee ee tseess 264 20a. Equatorial view of hypotype (USNM 626348). 20b. Edge view. Paired extensions of last 2 chambers and single extensions of the earlier chambers broken off. From the Rotal:pora appenninica ap- penninica zone, Gautier formation ULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 9 vo PLATE 20 PLATE 21 CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA TRINIDAD: BOLLI DHS EXPLANATION OF PLATE 21 All figures x 80 Figure Page 1, 2. Praeglobotruncana crassa Bolli, 1. Sp......:.....::----:ccesceccseecceeessseneeeeeees DOD 1a. Spiral view of holotype (USNM 626315). 1b. Umbilical view. 1c. Edge view. 2. Umbilical view of paratype (USNM 626316). Both from the Globotruncana renzi zone, Naparima Hill formation. 3-6. Praeglobotruncana gautierensis (Bronnimann )...............0.. ce DOD 3a. Spiral view of hypotype (USNM 626324). 3b. Umbilical view. 3c. Edge view. 4a. Spiral view of paratype (USNM 626309). 4b. Umbilical view. 4c. Edge view. 5. Spiral view of hypotype (USNM 626328). 6. Spiral view of paratype (USNM 626310). 3 and 5 from the Praeglobotruncana rchri zone, Maridale formation; 4 and 6 from the Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier forma- tion. 7, 8. Praeglobotruncana cf. gautierensis (Bronnimann).....-........0:ccee 266 7a. Spiral view. 7b. Umbilical view. 7c. Edge view. (USNM 626311). 8. Umbilical view. (USNM 626312). Both from the Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation. 9, 10. Praeglobotruncana infracretacea (Glaessner) ........:.:cccee eens 266 9a. Spiral view of hypotype (USNM 626295). 9b. Umbilical view. 9c. Edge view. 10. Spiral view of hypotype (USNM 626296). Both from the Lenticulina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone, Cuche forma- tion. 276 BULLETIN 179 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 22 All figures x 80 Figure Page 1. Praeglobotruncana cf. infracretacea (Glaessner ) ...-. re 266 la. Spiral view. 1b. Umbilical view. (USNM 626294). Such speci- mens which possess fewer chambers appear to be related by transi- tional forms to the typical Praeglobotruncana infracretacea. From the Lenticulina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone, Cuche formation. 2. Praeglobotruncana modesta Bolli, 1. Sp..---:esceeerree eesti terete 267 2a. Spiral view of holotype (USNM 626308). 2b. Umbilical view. 2c. Edge view. From the Rotalipora appenninica appenninica zone, Gautier formation. 3, 4. Praeglobotruncana planispira (Tappan ) -.-..-.-s.e eerste terete 267 3a. Spiral view of hypotype (USNM 626317). 3b. Umbilical view. 3c. Edge view. 4. Spiral view of hypotype (USNM 626318). Both from the Globotruncana inornata zone, Naparima Hill formation. 5-7. Praeglobotruncana rohri Bolli, 0. Sp.---e-ee cece eerste teres 267 5a. Spiral view of paratype (USNM 626325). 5b. Umbilical view. 5c. Edge view. 6a. Spiral view of holotype (USNM 626326). 6b. Umbilical view. 6c. Edge view. 7. Spiral view of paratype (USNM 626327). All from the Praeglobotruncana rohri zone, Maridale formation. 8. 9. Globigerina cretacea CM’ OrDIguy....ccceec cette eee tree tee ttee seen teenicens 270 8a. Spiral view of hypotype (USNM 626313). 8b. Umbilical view. 8c. Edge view. 9. Spiral view of small hypotype (USNM 626314). Both from the Globotruncana inornata zone, Naparima Hill forma- tion. ULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 PLATE 22 PLATE 23 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA TRINIDAD: BOLLI DUT EXPLANATION OF PLATE 23 All figures x 80 Figure Page 1, 2: Globigerina graysomensis Tappan................:cesccecccscccssrceecceececeescesssonaees 270 la. Spiral view of hypotype (USNM 626292). 1b. Umbilical view. 2a. Spiral view of hypotype (USNM 626293). 2b. Umbilical view. Both from the Lenticulina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone, Cuche formation. Se GLOUIZ CEI WU STERT MESON, Ms. | Spiressreses-s<--scca-soe-<.00c-st-teeononsscencrfeeesevusvers 270 3a. Spiral view of holotype (USNM 626289). 3b. Umbilical view. 3c. Edge view. 4. Umbilical view of paratype (USNM 626290). 5. Spiral view of small paratype (USNM 626291). All from the Lenticulina (L.) ouachensis ouachensis zone, Cuche formation. Ge ee GlODIZCrINAs WASHIFENSIS) CATSCY..-<2.5cccdeocd. sect stedecesscesecenseeatsccesnsdarvesers Drak 6a. Spiral view of hypotype. (USNM 626321). 6b. Umbilical view. 7a. Spiral view of hypotype (USNM 626322). 7b. Umbilical view. Both from the Globigerina wachitensis zone, Gautier for- mation. 8, 9. Specimens transitional between Praeglobotruncana infracretacea (Glaes- sner) and Hastigerinella aff. subcretacea Tappan 2 8a. Spiral view. 8b. Umbilical view (USNM 626297). 9. Spiral view (USNM 626298). Both from the Leuxpoldina protuberans zone, Cuche formation. Ve 10-13. Hastigerinella aff. subcretacea Tappan................:cccceeeeseeteeteeeneeee ial 10, 12, 13. Spiral views of types of different sizes (USNM 626299, 626301-2). 11a. Spiral view. 11b. Umbilical view. 11c. Edge view. USNM 626300). All from the Leupoldina protuberans zone, Cuche formation. Bolli, Hans M Planktonic Foraminifera from the Cretaceous of Trinidad, B. W. 1. Ithaca, N. Y., Paleontological Research Institution, 1959. 258-277 p. illus. 24 cm. (Bulletins of American paleontology, v. 39, no. 179) Includes bibliography. it. Fomminiter: Fossil—Trinidad. 2. Paleontology—Cretaceous. QE772.B58 563.1 59-10007 t Library of Congress XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVIII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX. Volume I. Ii. Hit. (NOS, 7 80-82) 984.ppa 27'pls) tN ee a Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca (Nos, 88-94B). 306 pp., 30. pls. o.cciicceccccccsesesecssescestseeseseenseses Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia, Meso- zoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and Maryland Mio- cene mollusks. AINORy 90-10}. |, 420 pps, /S8ipls, Mui he Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fossils, Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Eogene corals, and geology and paleontology of Ecuador. (Nos, 101-108) »> 376 ‘pp., 36° pls.) eal uk Tertiary Mollusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of Venezuela. (Nos. 109-114). OS /DP..\ 94) DIS! sl AE ea oe eo Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods. (No. 117). 563 pp, 65 pls. Jackson Eocene mollusks. (Nos, J98-128)..\458 ‘pp 27) pls. oe an le A Venezuelan and California mollusks, Chemung and Pennsyl- vanian crinoids, Cypraeidae Cretaceous, Miocene and Recent corals, Cuban and Floridian forams, and Cuban fossil local- ities. CNos.' 129-153). 294 pp., 39 pis. ul ea Silurian cephalopods, crinoid studies, Tertiary forams, and Mpytilarca. (Nos-.134-139)\.~, 448 \pp.y/51 pls. en | Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks, Ecuadoran stratigraphy and paleontology. (Nos. 140-145). Apes meeenrlessnecscccseneesscvscesstsesecceccee Globotruncana in Colombia, Eocene fish, Canadian-Chazyan PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA (Nos. 1-5). 519 pp., 75 pls. Monographs of Arcas, Lutetia, rudistids and venerids. (Nos. 6-12). (Nos. 15-25) <).513) pp. 61 pls regs OU Paleozoic cephalopod structure and phylogeny, Paleozoic 9.50 9.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 13.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 12,00 12.00 13.50 16.00 7.50 20.00 CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY I. (Nos. 1-5). 354 pp., 32 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca. Ii. (Nos. 6-10). 347 pp., 23 pls. Tertiary Mollusca and Foraminifera, Paleozoic faunas. Ill. (Nos. 11-15). 402 pp., 29 pls. Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and faunas. IV. (Nos. 16-21). 161 pp., 26 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and faunas. V. (Nos. 22-30). 437 pp., 68 pls. Tertiary fossils mainly "Santo Domingan, Mesozoic and Pale- ozoic fossils. VI. (No. 31). 268 pp., 59 pls. Claibornian Eocene pelecypods. WES) (No, 32). 5730 pp. 90 ples Ne hy eine) cuidate ees eo ae 14.00 Claibornian Eocene scaphopods, gastropods, and cephalopods. VIII. (Nos. 33-36). 357 pp., 15 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca. TX. (NOs, 233-39). 462 pps 39 ples oe OA eee 13.00 Tertiary Mollusca mainly from Costa Rica. X. (Nos. 40-42). 382 pp., 54 pls. Tertiary forams and mollusks mainly from Trinidad and Paleozoic fossils. KE): (Nos. 43-46). +272 pp. At pls. A ae a ee Tetley, Mesozoic and Paleozoic fossils mainly from Vene- zuela. XII. (Nos. 47-48). 494 pp., 8 pls. Venezuela and Trinidad forams and Mesozoic invertebrate bibliography. XUTE (Nos;49-50). "264 pp. 47 cbs. ese oe ate 10.00 Venezuelan Tertiary Mollusca and Tertiary Mammalia. XIV. (Nos. 51-54). 306 pp., 44 pls. Mexican Tertiary forams and Tertiary mollusks of Peru and Colombia. XV. (Nos. 55-58). 314 pp. 80 pls. Mainly Ecuadoran, Peruvian and Mexican Tertiary forams and mollusks and Paleozoic fossils. XVL.: (Nos. 59-6L).\ 140 pp. 48 plsi 6.0, a. 6.00 Venezuela and Trinidad Tertiary Mollusca. MVEL-) (Nos/- 62-63) 3 | 283: pp... 33-pls. ok Des sayess or son toesags oadivaees 10.00 Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca. XVIGE. (Nos. °64-67).) 286. pp. 29Sp shi sine ME ae hig .. 9.00 Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals. MX: €No. GS). 272 per .24 Bis. oes ee nee eee 9.00 Tertiary Paleontology, Peru. XK, /:CNos;./69770C)'s\ 266-pp., 26) pls bo ea 9.00 Cretaceous and Tertiary Paleontology of Peru and Cuba. XXE CNoss: 71-72). 5321: pp 12 pise fa hc eae ee 9.00 Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy. RXTE: QNos. 73-76). "356 pp: ST ple. Rah GAR a 9.50 Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera. MRI.” (Nos. 242083 = 251) Pps S5-plai\. tis Od ie, ook ee alee 9.00 Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of Conrad. LIDRARY JUN 2.41959 RARVARD UNIVERSITY Le BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY VOL. XXXIX NUMBER 180 1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York U.S. A. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION 1958-59 PRESIDENT (000 cob Mie ONL AMIN ee ele le dae aN AN ah SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER VICE-PRESIDENT Noh CTA Tal ee lve Wat, 13 Cd NorMAN E. WEISBORD SECRETAR Ws LRRASURER 1.t.Moc on ih, cis aeee Me cccecee sede hele meeae AN hath ememA REBECCA S. HARRIS TTR RCT Ses g dh lea hE ota at traesl ta lusd anny meet Mere es ka KATHERINE V. W. PALMER KGOTINSHE 1.10 REE i eh EE RCT aH Vay BA Maal ARMAND L, ADAMS Trustees KENNETH E. CASTER (1954-1960) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life) WINIFRED GOLDRING (1955-1961) RALPH A. LippLg (1956-62) REBECCA S. Harris (Life) AXEL A. OLSSON (Life) SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER (1953-59) NorMAN E. WEISBORD (1957-63) JoHN W. WELLs (1958-64) Sustaining Members Humble Oil & Refining Company, Houston, Texas Jersey Production Research Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma Magnolia Petroleum Company, Dallas, Texas Socony Mobil Company de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela Superior Oil Company, Los Angeles, California BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY and PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA KATHERINE V. W. PALMER, Editor Mrs. Fay Briccs, Secretary Advisory Board KENNETH E. CASTER HANS KUGLER A. MyrA KEEN JAY GLENN Marks G. WINSTON SINCLAIR Complete titles and price list of separate available numbers may be had on application. All volumes available except vols. I-VI, VIII, X, XII, XIV, XV of Bulletins and vol. I of Paleontographica Americana. Subscriptions may be entered at any time by volume or year, with average price of $14.00 per volume for Bulletins. Numbers of Paleontographica invoiced per issue. Purchases in U.S.A. for professional purposes are deductible from income tax. For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place Ithaca, New York U.S.A. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vol. 39 No. 180 STUDY OF SOME AMERICAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS AND COMPARISON WITH RELATED EUROPEAN SPECIES By Denise Mongin Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France June 12, 1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: GS 59-300 MUS. COMP. Z00L LIBRARY JUN 241959 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Page PASC Cae Me tA NM ERR, TN Ree ac Nt em Matta ic rwces ears vateSspucure ott oeadeeere a teiaereaneee 283 Outline ene etry eee cen nN At MN ced veee comioce uaRe eg heree es 283 Acknowledgments ..... Be Soria ee ee A Cro ED BN tes, eae 283 Ean 0) eSuratieraphicmintrocuGtionwes eet tees: NEP ake Ni Lee Nea SB oY ..284 (2) Summary of comparisons between the American and European IMO CEN Chen eee ns EL To oat en a: FER eerie a omnes See 285 II. Comparison of certain lamellibranchs of the American and European INGO RCTS: Sig Rees esceeeA eee Oct een ee Senn Peo aed te Nery, eva crt tae 287 Abee (BlaaBege) GLOBOB COMA os sc8nc0s228620000 ssenootsbaneenosboooonsoncrpsontipsboess000- Pee Abaae (AWRELIEE)) SUOPEDED!. SEB] +.-.ccsonbs0os nosconeccesaccopees05s ear eee 290) Arca (Anadara) subrostrata Conrad .................. SARE EAA AR aR SR SLE 291 Glycymeris parilis (Conrad) ............. ee eee Se ee hay. es pe OZ Glycymernts americana: (Webtance ye cate .of races cpa sesoeeats.tnescncosneren as 293 Tsognomon maxillata (Lamarck) ............... eae Ee .....294 RECHEETAUCTZC 110) allll ees ee Seen Rene T yee ee acts ter 7: eR Per e296 Pecten humphreysii ... OR TERN oe Ee eee ee 297 Chlamys (Placopecten) Puen (Say) step epee Br Boke cet eee OO) Chlamys (Placopecten) marylandica (Wagner) ...........c0.c0ccccccc0ccccceeeeeeeeee 300 TENET GADGET LID ON [ts saeecce ee eacc MReCo eee abet eee PR ede Pe eae PEER EE hee 3 Oil Chlamys (Plagioctenium) abirea (Conrad) . Rr ae Ai. eet eae S) CHamys coma ylonzata GMa \y 5a .s tes. stiee cece has tes ax oe SA eRe ee 305 GMNS. HONCODE ( (S257) -neonbcccenceaebnencisasersaaetecancnchactcatbnae edaeadecbsri-acsdeeearocaenoee 307 Chlamys santamaria Tucker Bc As Seta ee pee Pak ey es PS ah 308 OU IP Sea SO 21 CU SAY Vou oen-t ey hee Sete eer ee Rr 309 Statistical study of Chlamys madisonia (Say) ......0........ See eae 314 SANGO TH LAT DATTA G NGIONO pate oa Acces Oee eM el Uae Aes cdi ere er nae ere gee eee ee 318 Astarte obruta Conrad .......... Ee Pat te et inn es Pee i heap Pe Meng 319 CHORD ELC) Caer tet se Oe a Rea eat ies mi TREO AR TRE ORE TR Tee ere meme 319 AWEEODE SHPO (COMMIBAG)), sonnets ssssenscascssednoocnatee saensacesenaae Seeaoeswnnbdeenecesllon: BA Coliistavmarplandica (COMA) hee se sosce sa ence wees eee tes eee 28} III. Some stratigraphic remarks on the Miocene of Chesapeake Bay .................. 324 Ghoptank formations. 20s. see: CGE ecient one 324 Sime Wialeys 1 Offi at1O times aK -n ere cea, the ane teva see act ee ec ata came 326 NOtktOwnetOnmation: sy merc te ere eee ee. ae i i ee wl ee 326 Ae Ere liitminvainyaxCOmGluSi Om Sie acres ssscce eee eee Soe ce ce 329 Bibliography ....... er AE ea: Sa cRaSo ec OPERA SESE roe TOAST er: 333 Plates ‘a: a STUDY OF SOME AMERICAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS AND COMPARISON WITH RELATED EUROPEAN SPECIES DENISE MONGIN Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France ABSTRACT An analytical study of 30 species of Miocene lamellibranchs from the rich beds of Chesapeake Bay (Maryland and Virginia). A comparison with related forms of western Europe, although furnishing interesting systematic and biologic conclusions, does not establish any equivalents between the Miocene stages of the two continents. OUTLINE I. (1) Stratigraphic introduction and (2) summary of earlier com- parisons of the two Miocenes Il. 1. Arctdae—Glycymeridae—Vulsellidae 2. Pectinidae 3. Astartidae—Isocardiidae—Veneridae Il. Stratigraphic remarks on the Miocene of Chesapeake Bay IV. Preliminary conclusions ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carried out during a year’s stay (1954-1955) in the United States, at the Department of Geology, Johns Hopkins University, the Department of Mollusks of the the U. S. National Museum, Washing- ton, D. C., and at the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. I wish to express my gratitude to the Government of the United States and especially to the National Academy of Sciences and to the International] Cooperation Administration which offered me the year’s stay in scientific laboratories where I was able to study their collections and use theit libraries. I likewise thank the professors and curators who welcomed me to theii departments: Professors E. Cloos and H. Vokes of Johns Hopkins Uni- versity; G. Arthur Cooper and Harald Rehder of the National Museum, and Katherine V. W. Palmer of the Paleontological Research Institution. My thanks also go to the paleontologists who helped me in my work: David Nicol, James McLean, Jr., Miss Jean Berdan among others. Finally, 284 BULLETIN 180 I have been happy to know the eminent scieatists with whom I have had instructive conversations: J. B. Knight, W. P. Woodring, A. A. Olsson, J. P. E. Morrison, HS. Ladd; Re B: Stewatt, J; B: Reeside, [raula >: Donnay, A. R. Loeblich, Jr., F. Rasetti, J. W. Wells, and D. Wilson. I am especially indebted to Rebecca S. Harris of the Paleontological Research Institution for the preliminary English translation of my dissertation. I. (1) STRATIGRAPHIC INTRODUCTION The Miocene of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States, that is to say, the East Coast of the continent, consists of broad, subhorizontal outcrops of sands and marls slightly inclined to the east, containing diato- maceous beds, and about 100 meters thick. They form high cliffs domin- ating the sea, notably at Chesapeake Bay (between Baltimore, Maryland, at the north and Yorktown, Virginia, at the south) and along the coast of Virginia, the Carolinas, and Florida. These fossiliferous Atlantic series are divided into two different zoo- logical subprovinces; one includes the beds to the north of Cape Hatteras, the other, the Miocene, to the south of this cape. In the province north of Cape Hatteras, American geologists have distinguished four stages. From top to bottom they are: Yorktown formation St. Marys formation Chesapeake grou Choptank formation I ee Calvert formation The beds of Chesapeake Bay are rich in mollusks and the beaches are strewn with these shells often of large size. The fauna has been fully studied by American paleontologists, such as Conrad, Dall, J. Gardner, Martin and Glenn, Mansfield, L. M. Schoonover (Kent) and H. I. Tucker- Rowland. A large number of species abound in these ‘‘faluns’’, and it was im- possible to examine them all in a few months’ stay. It has been necessary to limit this study to the principal lamellibranchs, the most abundant or the most characteristic of the different beds described by the paleontologists. For a comparative study between America and western Europe, I have attempted to relate the American shells to a ‘group’ belonging to the same genus in Europe. The word “group” is to be understood in this work as analogous to subgenus, and where there is no subgenus, the group includes AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 285 close species having common characters and linked with a predominent member (for example, the group of Pecten arcuatus Tour. or the group of Arca diluvii Lk.). But most often, the American species belong to different genera or subgenera localized in the New World, on the Atlantic seaboard, and in California. A comparative examination in such case tends toward a parallel between European and American subgencra. At the moment, observations appear to be most interesting and fruitful from the systematic point of view, as in the case of the subgenera Plagy- octenium (Pectinidae) and Ashtarotha (Astartidae). Thus, while the re- sults obtained have not been conclusive as to the Miocene corre!ation of the two continents, the comparison of 30 specimens permits remarks of biologic and climatic interest to be made on the evolution of the groups and on the existence of zoological provinces of the Miocene. I. (2) SUMMARY OF COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN MIOCENE 1830. T. A. Conrad found the Chesapeake group equivalent to the upper Tertiary of Europe. 1836. W. B. Rogers was the first to recognize the Miocene in the Mary- land beds. 1837. T. A. Conrad found a correlation between the Miocene of Mary- land-Virginia and the Crag of England. 1845. Charles Lyell declared that the Chesapeake group more nearly ap- proached the Miocene of Touraine and Bordeaux. 1845. W. Lonsdale concluded from the polyps that the climate was like that of the Faluns of Touraine but colder than that of Bordeaux. 1881. A. Heilprin established the Virginian (middle Atlantic Miocene) as equivalent to the Second Mediterranian stage of Austria and Touraine and the Marylandian as contemporary with the First Mediterranian of Saucats and Leognan. 1898. W.H. Dall wrote that the Chesapeake group corresponds to the Helvetian of Europe. 1904. W.H. Dall compared the Miocene of Maryland with the Miocene of northern Europe (Belgium, Germany, Denmark) which, how- ever, was not so cold. He made a detailed comparative study of vertebrate and invertebrate genera. He indicated that the Muio- 286 1909. 1924. 1924. 1924. 1924. 1925- 1927. 1S. 1936. BULLETIN 180 cene of Carolina more closely approached the Mediterranian Basin, but found no American equivalent to the European Con- geria beds. The Countess Lecointre likewise analysed the genera of the two continents and reached Dall’s conclusions. T. W. Vaughan thought that the Chesapeake group is Tortonian. J. Gardner wrote that the Tampa formation is equal to the Aqui- tanian, Chipola formation to the Langhian, Oak Grove to the Miocene of Eggenburg, Chesapeake group to the Miocene of North Germany (Tortonian) (because of the presence of Ecphora which, however, does not exist in Europe), Yorktown, Duplin, and Choctawatchee to the Pontian. W. P. Woodring stated that the mollusks of the Antilles and of the Mediterranean are close, especially those of the Helvetian of Italy, maximum of the transgression. The genetically identical genera in the two regions result from migration, but not along the northern shores of the Atlantic where the temperature was too cold, nor by the open sea which the larvae did not have suffi- cient time to cross during their short pelagic life. It is preferable to assume a series of high-lows across the southern rim of the Atlantic. G. Stefanini thought that the American Miocene, in the absence of Clypeaster (habitually tropical) and the presence of Echino- cardium and of the perforate Scutella, can be likened to the Loire Basin. J. Cottreau, regarding the echinids of the Mediterranean, stated that the genera and species can be compared to those of the Antilles. K. Kautsky likewise studied the affinities of the two continents, classed the European fauna in two provinces—boreal and Medi- terranean—the Basin of Aquitaine being intermediate. He com- pared the gastropod genera especially and reached Dall’s con- clusions of 1904. R. C. Moore in the Historical Geology gave the following equiva- lents: Calvert=Aquitanian, Choptank—Burdigalian, St. Marys —Helvetian. W. C. Mansfield (with Stephenson and Cooke) declared that the Chesapeake group is entirely Vindobonian and that the Yorktown formation is Sahelian. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 287 1940. 1956. OS Wis N. Leriche compared the fishes and concluded that Calvert and Choptank are Burdigalian, St. Marys is Vindobonian, Yorktown and Duplin are Sahelian. . Gardner gave a table showing other correlations (always because of Ecphora) ; Calvert is Helvetian, Choptank and St. Marys are Tortonian, and Yorktown formation would be of the Sahelian. . McLean, Jr., studying the Foraminifera of the Yorktown forma- tion, concluded that the Yorktown constitutes the uppermost Mio- cene of Virginia but cannot be compared to the terminal stages of the European Miocene, 7, e., Sarmatian, Pontian, or Sahelian. The Sarmatian Foraminifera form a species group different from that of the Yorktown. . McLean, Jr., worked on the Ostracoda of the Yorktown forma- tion and concluded that these beds seem to be closer to the Ecphora-Cancellaria facies of the Choctawatchee formation of Florida, than to any other fauna. It is evident from a historical review of the question that equivalents between the Miocene of America and Europe are difficult to establish, especially by a study of the mollusks and fishes, inasmuch as malacologists and paleontologists up to the present have not reached agreement. II. COMPARISON OF CERTAIN LAMELLIBRANCHS OF THE AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN MIOCENE Fanily ARCIDAE Area (Anadara) idonea Conrad Pl. 24, fie. ta-d; Text-fig. 1 1832. Arca idonea Conrad, Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formations North America, p. 16, pl. I, fig. 5. 1898. Scapharca idonea (Conrad), Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. IV, p. 639. 1904. Arca (Scapharca) idonea (Conrad), Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 389, pl. 106, figs. 1, 2. 1916. Arca idonea (Conrad), Sheldon, Paleont. Amer. vol. I, p. 41, pl. IX, figs. 14-17. The specimens studied at the U. S. National Museum coming from two different beds show two variations in this species: 1. The specimens from St. Marys River, Maryland, (Coll. Mollusks Department, No. 13155) have 29 or 30 rather flat, closely placed ribs. 288 BULLETIN 180 On the posterior keel, they are divided into three or four striae toward the pallial margin. Shell convexity is medium. 2. The other specimens from Jones Point, Essex County, Virginia, (Coll. Paleont.) are generally convex with prominent beak, high ligamental area, fewer (27 average) and prominent ribs separated by fairly wide interspaces ; the striae of the posterior ribs often effaced. Summing up, the Arcas of Virginia are generally convex, rugose, with fewer (27 instead of 29) and more prominent ribs than those of the Marylandian Arcas. But the specimens from these two localities have, beside variations in the same specific characters, another variability in com- mon: their shape is never the same, either short (d. u. p.' longer than the d. a. p.), or long with a well-developed posterior ridge and much greater convexity. Arca idonea is, therefore, a variable species, especially according to outcrops. Comparison.—Noting the statement of Cossmann and Peyrot re- garding the ligamental area of Arca (1912, fasc. 4, p. 273), one might at first suppose that the adults of A. sdonea belong to the group of A. fuvoniensis Dujardin (72 Cossmann and Peyrot, pl. 8, fig. 8) by their liga- mental and circumscribed by a groove (text-fig. 1). But a study of the evolution of the chevrons of this area from the young valves shows that the groove of the posterior side (s) represents in fact one-half of the first chevron. On the young (fig. a) one sees only one chevron and one posterior groove, or three grooves; then the grooves develop under the first (figs. b, c, d) and the line ‘'s’” of the first chevron is pushed backward to the limit of the posterior side (fig. e). If one counts the lines of the anterior and posterior sides, there is always an extra one on the posterior, for it lacks the groove which limits the anterior side. Accordingly A. idonea belongs not to the group of A. twroniensis (fig. A) but to that of A. diluvii Lk. (fig. B) which does not have an anterior groove. Moreover, the young forms of A. idonea (3 cm. of d.a. p.) are close to A, diluvii Lk., Miocene species of Europe, and especially to the forma latesulcata Nyst of the Helvetian of Belgium and Germany (Nyst, 1843, pl. 18, fig. 8; Kautsky, 1925, pl. 1, fig. 10; Glibert, 1945, p. 38; Ijspeert, 1942, p. 46, pl. 2, fig. 7). 1 d.u. p.=umbono-pallial diameter d. a. p.=anterio-posterior diameter AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 289 e Text-fig. 1. Ligamental area of Anadara. 1A. A. turoniensis Duj. 1B. A. diluvii Lk. la-1b. Evolution of the groove S limiting ligamentary area of A. 7donea Conrad. A. idonea and A. latesulcata have the same external and internal shape, the same number of ribs (25-27), but the American shells have a wider hinge, especially at the center under the beak. Finally, the specific primordial character which separates the European species from the large individuals of A. sdonea is the sculpture of the ribs; on the posterior ridge, five or six of them have longitudinal striae. On the anterior side they are divided in two by a groove. This is not characteristic of A. diluvii and A. latesulcata. 290 BULLETIN 180 Stratigraphic distribution of Arca diluvit Lk.— Miocene Helvetian-Tortonian of Italy, Austria and Eastern Europe, France, Belgium, Holland, and Germany? Pliocene Rhone Valley, Algeria, Italy, England, Atlan- tic Coast Pleistocene Mediterranean Recent Mediterranean (excluding the Adriatic), Atlantic Ocean (Cape Verde) Distribution of Arca latesulcata—Helvetian of Belgium and Germany Distribution of Arca idonea—St. Marys formation of Maryland and Virginia, Alum Bluff of Florida Area (Anadara) staminea Say Pl. 24, figs. 2 a-b 1832. Arca staminea Say, Amer. Conch., pt. IV, pl. 36, fig. 2. 1904. Arca (Scapharca) staminea (Say), Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 387, pl. 105, figs. 2-6. 1917. Arca staminea (Say), Sheldon, Paleont. Amer., vol. I, No. 1, pp. 39-40, pl. 9, figs. 7-11. 1941. Anadara staminea (Say), Schoonover, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 25, No. 94B, p. 22, pl. I, figs. 5-7, pl. 2, fig. 4. The last author carefully studied the species, giving its chief characters and form variations according to the zones: thicker and more inflated in zone 19 of Choptank formation than in zone 17. As to the grooves which divide the ribs, they are variable; in specimens from zone 19, they are almost absent save a few to the anterior side or to the posterior side. The division of the ribs 1s manifested rather as a tendency; in 20 specimens studies, only three have grooved ribs over the entire surface of the shell. Under these conditions (with nonsulcated ribs), A. staminea belongs to the group of A. twroniensis Dujardin of the European Miocene (77 Doll- fuss and Dautzenberg, p. 350, pl. 30, figs. 17-31) and A. cardiiformis Basterot (of the Aquitanian-Burdigalian of Aquitania) (7 Cossmann and Peyrot, 1912) v. 2; piall54. pls, sties: 7-2) Analogies between A. staminea, A. turoniensis, and A. cardiformis: trapezoidal form of shell (interior view) angular posterior side, globular shell 2 The stage equivalents for the Miocene cf Belgium and Germany have been taken up in the recent work of Hinsch (1952) in which, for example, the Helvetian includes the Hemmoorer Stufe, the Bolderian and the Houthaelan layer; and the Tortonian includes the Anversian. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 291 irregular chevrons on the ligamental area transverse nodules on the ribs which are 27 to 30 on the two species Differences between the species: A. staminea A turoniensis and carditformis tendency of the ribs to be ribs never divided divided by a longitudinal groove posterior side angular posterior side moderately angular beak turned toward front beak slightly turned forward The ligamental area and the chevrons cannot be compared as they are not visible in the photos of A. twronzensis. The young valves greatly resemble A. cardiiformis Cossmann and Peyrot which is globular and trapezoidal, but the outline is, at the same time, different, and the French shell does not have the divided ribs anter- iorly and posteriorly. Horizons.—Choptank formation (zones 17 and 19) of Maryland. Area (Anadara) subrostrata Conrad 1841. Arca subrostrata Conrad, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. I, p. 30. 1898. Scapharca (Anadara) subrostrata, Conrad, Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. IV, p. 655. 1904. Arca (Scapharca) subrostrata Conrad, Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Mio- cene, p. 585, pl. 104, figs. 2-3. 1916. Arca subrostrata Conrad, Sheldon, Paleont. Amer., vol. I, No. 1, p. 51, jolle DO amvers let 1941. Anadara subrostrata Conrad, Schoonover, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 25, No. 94B; p. 21, pl. 1, figs. 2-4. This species is close to three European species with grooved ribs: Arca sulcicostata Nyst of the Anversian of Belgium Arca daneyi Cossmann and Peyrot of the lower Burdigalian of Aquitania (France) Arca umbonaria Mayer of the Helvetian of Touraine (France) Differences between A. swbrostrata and: 1. A. sulcicostata Nyst (1843, p. 257, pl. XVIII, fig. 9): A, subrostrata is shorter as to d. a. p., its posterior margin is angu- lar, and its ribs may be many times grooved as in the specimens of L. Schoonover. The number of chevrons is variable in this species. 2. A. daneyi Cossmann and Peyrot (1914, v. 2, p. 160, pl. 7, figs. 22-25) of the Burdigalian of Aquitania (France) : 292 BULLETIN 180 The d. a. p. is shorter, the posterior margin more nearly square, and the hinge thicker in the American shell. 3. A. umbonaria Mayer (in Dollfuss and Dautzenberg, pl. 27, figs. 13-18): This Touraine species is elongated in the antero-pos- terior direction, its ribs are flattened, and only those of the anterior side are grooved. In brief, A. swvbrostrata differs from all the European Anadaras by its sulcated ribs over the entire surface. This is not a characteristic of the European species which have fine ribbings only at the anterior and pos- terior ends. Occurence.—Calvert formation of Maryland. Family GLYCYMERIDAE Three characteristic species exist in the Miocene of Maryland-Virginia: Glycymeris parilis (Conrad), Calvert formation(zone 10). G. americana Defrance, Yorktown formation, Pliocene and Quater- nary. G. subovata (Say), Choptank, Yorktown, and Duplin formation Glyeymeris parilis (Conrad) 1843. Pectunculus parilis Conrad, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. I, p. 306. 1845. Pectunculus parilis Conrad, Fossils Medial Tertiary, p. 64, pl. 36, fig. 2. 1904. Glycymeris parilis (Conrad), Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 393, pl. 107, figs. 1-2. 1941. Glycymeris parilis (Conrad), Schoonover, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 25, No. 94B, p. 15, pl. 1, figs. 1-8. This species belongs to the living group of G. pilosus L. (specimen studied, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 199883) but is distinguished by its weaker convexity, its less prominent beak, and its more oval form in the umbono-pallial direction. The ornamentation was doubtless the same, but the fossil shells of G. parilis do not show the fine longitudinal striae of G. pilosus; on the contrary, they bear inside radiating grooves habitually covered by the periostracum in the living forms. G. parilis closely approaches G. deshayes1 Mayer (i Glibert, 1945, p. 44, pl. 1, fig. 13) in the absence of chevrons on the ligamental area, its small beak, its oval shape in the large forms. Note that in G/ycymeris in general, the number of teeth is variable as is also the width of the ligamental area which grows with the form of the individual while the number of teeth decreases. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 293 Glyecymeris americana (Defrance) 1826. Pectunculus americanus Defrance, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 39, p. 225. 1832. Glycymeris americana (Defrance), Mansfield, Florida State Geol. Sur., Bulls, ps 394 play, figs 7: 1943. Glycymeris americana (Defrance), Gardner, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Pap. 199A, p. 27, pl. 1, figs. 16-21. epee a americana (Defrance), Nicol, Jour. Paleont., vol. 27, No. 8 p. 451-5. > From the point of view of external sculpture, this species approaches Glycymeris saucatsensis Mayer (72 Cossmann and Peyrot, 1914, p. 136, pl. 7, fig. 1, 2) of the Burdigalian-Helvetian of Aquitania, both having fine radial striae on the high-rounded ribs and equally weak shell convexity. But the two species differ in that G. americana has a weaker beak, effaced chevrons, and more distinct external ribs, Note that G. americana is distinguished from G. parilis by its rounded ribs separated by broader furrows, its fine, better preserved costulation, and its weaker convexity. European G/ycymerzs of the same group: Living: G. pilosus L. (in Bucquoy, Dollfuss, and Dautzenberg, p. 199, pl. 33), equilateral form, fine growth lines, perio- stracum covered with brown hairs, interior of valves brown-colored. Mediterranean. G. glycymeris L. (in B., D., and D., p. 195, pl. 34), inequi- lateral, flame brown-colored, white interior, growth folds coarse and prominent. Atlantic. G. bimaculatus Poli Gx B. Ds and D., p: 202, pl. 35) equilateral form of large size, brown with concentric zones, more numerous and more symmetrical chevrons of the liga- mental area, the latter high. Mediterranean. It represents, in my opinion, the giant form of G. pélosus. Fossil: G. pilosus deshayesi Mayer (in Glibert, 1945, p. 44, pl. 1), of the European Miocene. This species is the ancestral form of G. pélosus. It is equivalent to G. bimaculatus Cossmann and Peyrot (pl. 7, fig. 3). G. saucatsensis Mayer (in Cossmann and Peyrot, p. 6, figs. 29, 30) of the Burdigalian-Helvetian of Bordeaux. 294 BULLETIN 180 Text-fig. 2. Isognomon maxillata (Lk.). Diagram showing the apical angle: 53°. Fanily VULSELLIDAE Isognomon maxillata (Lamarck ) Pl. 24, figs. 3a-b; Text-fig. 10 1819. Perna maxillata Lamarck, Animaux sans vertébres, t. VII, p. 142, 2 eme éd., Deshayes, 1836 t. VII, p. 78. 1840. Perna maxillata Lamarck, Conrad, Fossils Medial Tertiary, p. 52, pl. 27, fig. 1. 1904. Melina maxillata (Lamarck), Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 383, pls. 325 513% 1898. Perna cf. maxillata Lamarck, Sacco, Terziari Piemonte e Liguria, t. XXV, py, PAG), fall, WANE, tnyen, al Thirty-nine specimens studied of which four were complete and three were internal molds (Coll. Nat. Museum, Wash., D. C.) Description.—Large Mytilus-shaped shell, with pointed beak and pos- terior side forming a regularly rounded arc; ligamental area generally broad, but sometimes narrow and long, the specific character is the apical angle (Text-fig. 2) which varies between 42 and 53 degrees. Number of grooves are generally 16 to 19. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 295 Text-fig. 3. Isognomon soldanii (Deshayes). Diagram showing the apical angle: 85% Dimensions of adult specimen.— eel D eet ae OO vGir.| da. De a Mite Beeson, LO! etm: thickness ......... sap eS 1S 06k (the greatest width) Similarities and diff erences —tIn 1836, Deshayes separated this species from the European shell, P. so/danii Deshayes, which has a greater number of ligamentary grooves. This character is clear in Sacco’s figures (vol. XXV, pl. 12, figs. 2-6) who, however, considered the number of grooves of little importance and thought that P. so/danii is a variation of P. maxil- lata Lk. In fact, he found in Italy, many shells provided with the more widely spaced ligamental grooves as in the American species. A more important character is that of the shape and of the apical angle: I. maxillata is always ovoid, Mytilus-formed, with an apical angle of 42 to 53 degrees, while I. soldanii is quadrangular, with an apical angle of 85 degrees (Text-fig. 3). To measure this angle, the line AB is arbi- trarily traced from the beak to the inferior limit of the ligamental area. Good figures of I. soldani are printed in Hoernes (Tertiar Wien, 1856, p. 378, pl. 53, fig. 1) and in Sacco (Terziari Piemonte e Liguria, vol. 296 BULLETIN 180 XXV, pl. 7, fig. 3). The figures 4 and 5 of Sacco are young specimens which have a ligamental area not entirely developed, an incomplete num- ber of pits, and a mytiloid form which will change later. Horizons.—Lower Miocene of New Jersey, Calvert, Choptank, and St. Marys formations of Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. D. Nicol (1953, p. 707) estimated the time-range as 8 million years. Horizons of P. soldani Deshayes——Upper Burdigalian of Provence (abundant) and Helvetian of Dréme (South of France). Miocene and Pliocene of Italy (abundant in the Pliocene), Burdigalian-Helvetian of Austria. No /sognomon exists in the northern basin; Touraine, Belgium, Ger- many. One other species, 1. burdigalensis Cossmann and Peyrot, is found in the Aquitanian of Aquitania in the nepionic, sporadic state, the temperature doubtless being colder. In zone 2 of St. Marys formation, at Powells Lake Spillway, near Williamsburg, Virginia, there is a bed of I. maxillata in which the liga- mental area differs from those of the syntypes; the grooves are fewer (11 to 12) and more widely spaced. This Lsognomon, of which I have been able to collect only three in- complete specimens, seems to belong to a different species, but it is neces- sary to have other specimens for its determination, Biologic remarks —Isognomon of the present time, living among the coral reefs, is a tropical genus. It, therefore, indicates in the Miocene sea of Chesapeake Bay and Virginia a period of warm water. Family PECTINIDAE For the study of this family, I have tried to correlate the principal American species with the groups established by Deperet and Roman (1902) for the genus Pecten and by J. Roger (1939) for the genus Chlamys. Group Pecten subarcuatus Tournouer Pecten raveneli Dall 1898. Pecten raveneli Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. IV, p. 721, pl. 29, fig. 10. This Pliocene species of Florida and North Carolina have been studied in an effort to learn whether the groups of Deperet and Roman can be found in America. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 297 Dall’s type (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) has a convex right valve while the left is concave. There are 26 ribs on the right valve and 22 on the left; these are prominent, rounded, and ornamented with concentric lamellae. The interspaces on the right valve are narrow; those on the left valve are broad. These characters cause the species to resemble the group of P. arcuatus Tournouer (77 Deperet and Roman, 1902, pl. 10, pl. 1) despite the more numerous ribs of P. ravenelz. Another peculiarity also brings it close to the group of Pectens with grooved ribs on the right valve (Deperet and Roman, 1902, p. 23): P. kocht Locard, P. reghiensis Seg., P. fraast Fuchs, and P. gray Michelotti (zn Sacco, pl. 19, figs. 4-17). Like these Pectens, P. ravenelz has the ribs of the right valve divided by a groove, but this appears only in the lower part of the shell in P. raveneli. The left valve differs greatly in the European species: in P. regh7- ensis Seg. (in Deperet and Roman, 1902, p. 24, pl. 2, fig. 6; 1905, p. 85, pl. 10, fig. 1), the less numerous ribs (12 to 13) carry a groove and there are striae in the interspaces, while the left valve of P. ravenels has 20 sim- ple ribs with rectangular section. Dail compared his species to P. medius Lk. of the Red Sea as to dimensions and shape, but the living shell has fewer ribs, smooth not grooved. Hence, because of its sulcated ribs, P. ravenelz is close to P. reghienszs Seg. of the Pliocene of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, and on the other hand, because of its left valve, it approaches the group of P. swbar- cuatus Tournouer. There is in Europe, also, another species which links these two groups, P. difficilis Fuchs (in Deperet and Roman, p.-16, pl. 1, figs. 13-15). It 1s rare and exists only in the Miocene of Persia, but it proves that the group of P. arcuatus may include species with grooved ribs. Horizon.—Pliocene of Caloosahatchee marls (Florida) and North Carolina. It corresponds to the Astian (Pliocene) of Europe. Group Pecten complanatus Sowerby Pecten humphreysii Conrad Pl. 25, figs. 1a-b 1842. Pecten humphreysii Conrad, Nat. Hist. Bull. Proc., vol. 2, p. 194 pl. II, ioez, 2. 3 Contrary to the opinion of some authors, I consider P. complanatus as an indepen- dent group and not belonging either to the living group of P. jacobaeus (Deperet and Roman, 1902) or to the group of P. maximus (Glibert, 1946, p. 60). 298 BULLETIN 180 1904. Pecten humphreysii Conrad, Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 372, pl. 98, figs. 10-12. 1936. Pecten humphreysii Conrad, Tucker-Rowland, Amer. Midland Naturalist, vol. 17, No: 2; p. 478) pl. 3; fe: 3: pl: 4s fie. 10: 1941. Pecten humphreysi Conrad, Schoonover, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 25, No. 94B, p. 114, pl. 2, figs. 1-2. Comparison of this species has been made with certain specimens of P. complanatus Sowerby (1826, v. 6, p. 586) of the Scaldisian of Anvers (= Pliocene of Belgium) (in Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 325687). Afhnities with the group P. complanatus Sowerby: Right valve: Same sculpture, flat valves, smooth, narrow interspaces, trace of secondary sculpture near the beak and the pallial margin; fine longitudinal grooves and concentric striae, same inner ribs bordered by two ridges and prolonged toward the beak. Left valve-—Flat with a “thumb mark” near the beak, and inflated lateral areas, ribs with traces of grooves, broad interspaces. P. humphreysit P. complanatus right valve: teeth distinct divergent teeth; almost effaced ; 7-8 principal ribs 11-12 principal ribs left valve: 7 rounded 11 rectangular ribs; ribs; smooth interspaces interspaces with one or two longitudinal striae According to the figures of Pecten westendorpianus Nyst (1843, p. 285, pl. VII (XVIII), fig. 10) of the Diestian (= Pontian, after Hinsch, 1953), this Belgian species seems close to the shell from Plum Point, Maryland, same shape, same number of ribs, similar concentric, lamellar sculpture, and hinge, likewise without teeth. But having found a specimen of this species in the collection of the Institut Catholique de Paris, it seems that they nevertheless differ in sec- ondary sculpturing, which, strong in P. westendorpianus, is ettaced in P. humphreysii. | have only seen this secondary ornamentation on a young American shell of 14 mm. d. a. p. which has five longitudinal grooves on the ribs of the right valve where they are grouped two by two, as in P. westendorpianus. (loc. cit., pl. 1, fig. 1). The Belgian species is also more convex than its American relative. Hence, because of the strong ribbing and the greater convexity of P. westendorpianus, one cannot assume the identity of the two species, but only their close relationship and so include them in the same group. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 299 Moreover, P. humphreysii belongs to the lower Miocene of the United States, Calvert formation, and these Belgian species occur in the terminal Miocene and the Pliocene. Group Chlamys varia L. Chlamys (Placopecten) eclintonia (Say) Pl. 25, figs. 2a-d 1824. Pecten clintonius Say, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. 4, p. 135, plex fies 2: 1898. Pecten (Placopecten) clintoninus (Say), Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. IV, p. 725, 6. 1936. Pecten (Chlamys) clintonius (Say), Mansfield, Jour. Paleont., vol. 10, No. 3;, p. 178; pl. 22, fig. 4. 1938. Chlamys (Placopecten) clintonius (Say), Tucker-Rowland, Mém. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belgique, sér. 2, fasc. 13, pl. 1, fig. 11. 1943. Chlamys (Placopecten) clintonia (Say), Gardner, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Pap. 199A, p. 37, pl. 6, figs. 1-4. This species has been likened by certain authors to P. magellanicus Gmelin, 1792, of the present Atlantic (Cape Hatteras to Labrador) (studied in Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), but it differs from the Recent species in having: A less shallow byssal sinus; a greater number of ear ribbings (15 instead of 10): coarser valve sculpture with ribs well separated; broad chondrophore pit with two, more or less, prominent folds starting from the base of the pit (see Pl. 25, figs. 2 c-d) ; thick cardinal margin, the in- ward ribs more prominent; many arrested growth lines on large shells. Davenport (1938) thought that these lines indicate a winter's arrested growth because of the coid. In C. clintonia, five such lines on shells of 10 cm. would indicate an age of five years, and for a shell of 12 cm., eight years (?). C. clintonia and C. magellanica are members of the same group—the subgenus Placopecten Verrill, 1897 (see Tucker-Rowland, 1938, p. 51). In my opinion, the Placopectens belong to the group of the living C. varia L. because of the weak convexity of the valves and especially because of the dense sculpturing—numerous radial ribs, microscopic ob- lique striae in the intervals and, on the inner face, small simple ribs on the pallial margin. But the American subgenus is separated from the European species by the rounded shape of the shells, the sinus not shallowed at the right ears which are always less developed on the two valves than in the C. varia L. group. (PI. 25, figs. 2 a-d). 300 BULLETIN 180 The nearest related species compared by the authors (Woods, 1851; Roger, 1939) to C. clintonia is C. princeps Sowerby (1823, v. 6, pl. 542) of the Pliocene which has coarser ornamentation—90 ribs instead of the 140 on C. clintonia. This coarse ribbing is reflected also in the interior of the shell of C. princeps Sowerby (Roger, pl. 24, fig. 5). Horizon.—C. clintonia characterizes a zone in the lower portion of the Yorktown formation of Virginia and North Carolina; it appears also in the St. Marys formation of the two states but not in Maryland. Chlamys (Placopecten) marylandiea (Wagner) 1839. Pecten marylandicus “Jagner, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., 1 ser., VOl-7 8; po 515 pla 2, ne. 2: 1898. Pecten (Placopecten ?) marylandicus Wagner, (part) Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. IV, p. 728. 1904. Pecten (Chlamys) marylandicus Wagner, Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 376, pl. 99, fig. 6. 1938. Chlamys (Placopecten) marylandicus (Wagner), Tucker-Rowland, Mém. Mus. roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique, ser. 2, fasc. 13, p. 54, pl. 4, fig. 13 ply 5, fig. 16. 1941. Chlamys (Placopecten) marylandicus (Wagner), Schoonover, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 25, No. 94b, p. 26, pl. 3, figs. 4-5. The principal characteristic of this species is the ornamentation: At the beak, there are only 17 ribs and at the pallial margin 64. Each rib divides into two parts which become equal ribs; at the same time an intercalated rib appears which also becomes equal to two others, In the interspaces are fine, concentric striae, and near the pallial margin one to three rows of small scales are visible. C. marylandica is close to C. multistriata Poli of the European Mio- cene. Left valve analogies: declining posterior ear, 20 ribs at the summit giving 64 at the pallial margin, increase of ribs by division and intercala- tion, scales on the lateral ribs only. Left valve differences: on C. multzstriata, the ribs increase by intercala- tion only, the ears have 15 to 20 striae instead of the 12 on C. marylandica, and finally there are no scales on the ribs of the latter. Right valve analogies: anterior ear similar, rising winglike, same num- ber of ribs at the beak and pallial margin, same shape of shell, the d. u. p. greater than the d. a. p. Right valve differences: C. multistriata has divaricate striae in the in- tervals, and no rib develops between the others. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 301 It is to be noted that the subgenus Placopecten does not exist in Europe, or at least, has never been recognized. Horizon.—Choptank formation of Maryland (zone 17). “Section” Plagioetenium Dall, 1898 Text-fig. 4. Hinge of Plagioctenium Dall. (v.g.=left valve; v.d.=right valve) Type species, Pecien ventricosus Sowetby (= Pecten circularis Sowet- by) (of the present Pacific) by original designation. 1898. Plagioctenium Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. IV, p. 696. 1925. Plagioctenium Dall, Woodring, Carnegie Inst. Washington, vol. 366, p. 68. 1926. Plagioctenium Dall, Gardner, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Pap. 142-A, p. 48. 1938. Plagioctenium Dall, Tucker-Rowland, Mém. Mus. roy. d’Hist, Nat. Belgi- queyser. 2, fase, 13. ps 32. Dall’s text.— Resembling Aeguipecten but without radial striation, the concentric sculpture in looped lamellae; the ribs strong, frequently smooth above; the submargins impressed below the subequal auricles; the valves well inflated with a tendancy to oblique growth in the adult. To this very natural group belong nearly all the shallow-water Pectens of our coasts, such as P. 7rradians Lam., P. gibbus L., P. dislocatus Say, P. ventricosus Sby., P. nucleus L., P. purpuratus Lam., P. eboreus Conrad, P. comparabilis T. and H., and other numerous fossils species—(Dall, 1898, p. 695) (Tucker-Rowland, 1938, pa 32-55») Remarks.—Both valves convex, numerous smooth ribs more or less square section, without radial ribbing, but with noticeable striae on the ribs and intervals; large ears, especially on the posterior and with diverging striae which seem to continue the ribs of the shell by reason of the charac- teristic noted by J. Roger (zn Jit.) “passage graduel de la surface de la coquille a celle de l’oreillette postérieure et bord libre orthogonal de celle- aa Cl. 302 BULLETIN 180 Hinge: right valve—cardinal margin folded and bordered below by a groove perpendicularly striated. Beneath, another fold—chondrophore pit forming a “balcony”’ in the interior of the shell. Left valve: on cardinal margin, a fine, perpendicularly striated fold is above a groove (Text.- fig. 4). The species of this section are: Chlamys circularis (Sow.) (= C. ventricosa (Sow.) Recent. Type species. C. gibba LL. N.Q. A. 4 America C. irradians Lk. Pleistocene. Recent. America C. nuclea L. Recent. America C, purpurata Lk. Recent. Pacific C. eborea Conrad Miocene. America C. comparabilis T. and H. Pliocene, Florida. Recent. America The Miocene species of this group existing north of Cape Hatteras are: C. gibba L. and C. eborea Conrad with subspecies; C. urbannaensis Mansfield, C. yorkensis Conrad, C. watsonensis Mansfield, and C. com- parilis T. and H. The section (or group) Plagioctenium does not exist in Europe ac- cording to J. Roger (1939, p. 92) who thought, furthermore, that Plagzo- clenium would correspond to the subgenus Argopecten Monterosato (1889, p. 21) of Europe. In my opinion, the two groups are different, for I have been able to study the type species: P. ventricosus Sow. of the Pacific, P. (Argopecten) philippi Recluz (= P. solidulus Reeve) in the collections of the U. S. National Museum of Washington, D. C. The Argopectens differ from the Plagiocteniums by their small size, their much smaller ears—especially the posterior—by the indications of secondary costulation on the ribs of the lateral areas and the concentric lamellae closely set in the interspaces. (C. scabrella Lk. of the European Neogene, for example, belongs to the Argopectens.) But, I have remarked that the Plagioctentums, although nonexisting in Europe, have a certain relationship with the group of Flabellipecten bes- ser? And. (47 Deperet and Roman, 1910, p. 119, pl. 13, figs. 2, 3). I have been able to compare the shells of C. gibba and C. eborea with those of F. besseri and F. leithajanus Partsch (zm Coll. Lab. Paleont. Mus. Paris). It is known that Flabellipecten Sacco (1897, v. 24, p. 55), 1s charac- 4 N. Q. A.-Neogene-Quaternary-Actual (Recent) AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 30 WW terized by smooth, somewhat depressed ribs, plano-convex left valve, large equal ears and a weak byssal sinus, exactly the intermediary form between Pecten and Chlamys. Now, Plagioctenium, especially the fossil form, has the same general characters listed above. And, among the Flabellipectens, the group of F. besserri And. with that species and F. /eithajanus Partsch, approach even more closely the American section in having about the number of smooth ribs (20 to 22 in Europe, 22 to 25 in America), similar apical angle, and a left valve lacking lateral areas. But that peculiarity of Plagioctenium, the gradual passage from the ear to the shell surface, does not exist in Flabellipecten. The hinges are also different in the two groups. Those of the Flabell1- pectens always flatter, the folds forming no projection on the hinge plate as in the Plagioctentums which always have a stronger hinge. Distribution of Flabellipecten.—Originating in the Aquitanian of Provence, they multiplied during the Miocene of all southern Europe, being particularly abundant in the Mediterranean, in Aquitania, and in Marocco. They are rare in Austria, Touraine, and Poland, absent in Belgium. During the Pliocene, their importance diminished in the Mediterran- ean especially, and they disappeared in the upper Pliocene and Quaternary. Their stratigraphic distribution, during the Miocene, shows that this subgenus lived in a temperate warm climate, similar to this of the actual Mediterranean. It developed in good conditions, in the Mesogean sea and the Atlantic waters of Aquitaine, had difficulties in Austria and Touraine, in a colder environment, and it could not reach Belgium and the North Sea. Its extinction in the Mediterranean Pliocene may be explained by the change of climate: the waters were colder and there was an appearance of nordic species (Roger, 1939, p. 275). In the present epoch, the authors: Deperet and Roman (1912, Mono- graphie des Pectinidés néogénes de |’Europe, vol. II: Genre Flabellipecten. Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr., n. 26, t. XVIII, p. 162) cited two living species in the Pacific Ocean: in Japan, Pecten caurinus Gould and Pecten floridus Gmelin, in California. But, “P. floridus Gmelin” is thought to be P. stearnsii diegensis Dall (Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 223), so it cannot be a Flabellipecten. As to P. caurmus Gould, it belongs to the subgenus Patinopecten of which J. Roger (1939, p. 264) remarked also the affinities with the Flabellipectens. 304 BULLETIN 180 To know if Flabellipectens are still living in the present seas, we have to consider Patinopectens of the Pacific Ocean. Comparison of Flabellipecten and Patinopecten.—Dall (1898, vol. III, pt. Il, p. 695) created the section Patinopecten for certain equivalved species with smali ribs, ‘‘flat on the right valve, and sometimes dichoto- mous; smaller and rounder on the left valve, with invisible concentric sculpture, inconspicuous; radial striae absent or obsolete; subequal ears; valves nearly equilateral.” The type species is P. cawrinus Gould (7m Arnold, 1906, p. 101, pl. 38, fig. 1; pl. 39, figs. 1, 2) of the lower Pliocene of California (studied from a specimen in Coll. Lab. Paleont. Mus. Paris): a large form (15 cm. in diameter) with the two valves subequally convex, smooth lateral areas, large ears, and ribs with obsolete costulae. Such characters bring it closer to Chlamys solarium Lk. (in Dollfuss and Dautzenberg, pl. 41, figs. 1, 2). This shell of the Mediterranean and Aquitanian Miocene is rare in Touraine and does not exist further north as the Flabellipectens do. In my opinion, it would constitute the giant form of F. besserz And. Flabellipecten and Patinopecten are close, but cannot be confused. Consequentiy it appears as though Flabellipecten Sacco does not exist among the living species. This group of species—besseri, solarium, leithajanus, form the transi- tion between Flabellipecten and Chlamys. In short, there were in the Miocene seas three related groups which developed in three different provinces: Flabellipecten in “Mésogeé’” of Europe in the Helvetian; Plagzoctenium, inthe American Atlantic, in upper Miocene and in the Pliocene; Patsnopecten in the American Pacific in lower Pliocene and Recent. But while the European group appears in the Helvetian, Plagioctenium appears in the terminal Miocene in the Yorktown formation of Virginia and Patinopecten in the lower Pliocene in California. The probable origin of these subgenera is probably located in the Mediterranean. Only in the upper Miocene would they have emigrated to the west coast of America, leaving the Mediterranean which had become too cold during the Pliocene and giving, by mutation, the subgenus Plagzo- ctenium which spread to the West Indies, where it is now living. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 305 In the lower Pliocene, Plagzoctenium passed into the Pacific where ecologic changes brought about another mutation: Patinopecten, which is found today in the Pacific off the coast of Japan. Chlamys (Plagioectenium) eborea (Conrad) 1833. Pecten eboreus Conrad, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 23, p. 341. 1898. Pecten (Plagioctenium) eboreus Conrad, Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. IV, p. 749. 1938. Chlamys (Plagioctenium) eboreus (Conrad), Tucker-Rowland, Mém. roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique, sér. 2, fase. 13, p. 40, pl. II, fig. 12. 1943. Chlamys (Aequipecten) eborea (Conrad), Gardner, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Pap. 199A, p. 36, p. 7, figs. 1-5-6. This fossil does not belong to any European group, because it is part of the group Plagioctenium (see preceding pages). At first glance, it closely approaches Chlamys calaritana Meneghini, 1857 (i Roger, p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 6) of the Helvetian-Tortonian of Europe which belongs to the group of C. rotundata Lk. These two shells do have the same shape, the same number of rounded ribs separated by narrow interspaces, the same sculpture and similar ears. But C. eborea has a smaller apical angle, the left valve more convex than the right, and has no lateral areas. The two species are not of the same group. Chlamys solarium L. (in Dollfuss and Dautzenberg, pl. 41) (= C. besseri Hoernes, p. 63, figs. 1-5) also present strong analogies, but they are as artificial as the others, only the external ornament is the same. Horizons.—Yorktown of Virginia, North Carolina; Choctawatchee formation (Miocene) of Florida and Pliocene of Florida. Group of Chlamys (Gigantopecten) ziziniae (Blank.) (7m Mongin, 1948-52, p. 141) Chlamys condylomata (Dall) Pl. 25, figs. 3a-d 1898. Pecten (Nodipecten) condylomatus Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Phil- adelphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. IV, p. 729, pl. 34, figs. 14-15. 1926. Chlamys (Nodipecten) condylomata (Dall), Gardner, U. S. Geol. Sur. Prof. Pap. 142A, p. 46, pl. XII, figs. 3-4. This curious species, in my opinion, does not belong to the subgenus Nodipecten Dall, of which I have been able to study the type species, the living species N. nodosus, of the American Atlantic (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 306 BULLETIN 180 Comparison shows the following differences: P. nodosus P. condylomatus left valve regularly convex left valve flat, but later deformed by concentric humps which are directional changes in shell growth right valve slightly convex right valve deeply convex like the left valve ribs with round, pimples not ribs with concentric humps giving affecting shell form shell a form articulated in three different planes P. condylomatus seems to belong to the group of P. z7z/niae Blank. (72 Deperet and Roman, p. 905, p. 80, pl. 9, figs. 3-5), which I have attributed to the subgenus G/gantopecten Rovereto after a study of the large shells of Provence (1948-52, p. 14). The latter shows that the small- formed species, z/ziniae, like a Pecten, upon enlarging, presents shells of Gigantopecten of the group tournali de Serres (in Roger, p. 16). The Gigantopectens are transitional between Chlamys and Pecten, for the adult has two convex valves like Chlamys and a weak byssal sinus like Pecten. C. condylomata (Dall) is like the young P. z7ziniae but with a well- marked byssal sinus, proving that the group clearly belongs to Chlamys. Not being abundant in America, one may suppose it has not reached its adult form, as in Europe. The nearest European shells are two specimens of Chlamys albina von Teppner of the Helvetian of Touraine (77 Roger, 1939, pl. 12, figs. 2, 3). But the American species keeps its individuality by its secondary sculpture formed by fine radial striae on the ribs and interspaces. This ridging does not appear on European shells save, sporadically, on C. albina (Roger, p. 26, 23d line). C. (G.) ziziniae is a Mediterranean species of the Burdigalian, C. (G.) albina is of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic during the Helvetian. C. (G.) condylomata comes from the lower Miocene of Chipola for- mation of Florida (which corresponds to the Burdigalian). (Specimens studied in Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. and Paleont. Res. Inst. Ithaca, N. Y.). Summing up, G7gantopecten has certain characters of Pecten in the young: left valve flat, right valve convex; in growing, the left valve tends to become convex by successive malformations to take on the character of Chlamys. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 307 Chiamys jeffersonia (Say) Al, DAs ines, 3 1824. Pecten jeffersonius Say, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. IV, 1st ser. jos WA, poll, IDG noes al 1840. Pecten jeffersonius Say, Conrad, Fossils Medial Tertiary, p. 46, pl. XXII, 16) Ike 1898. Pecten (Lyropecten) Jeffersonins Say, Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Phila- delphiaydirans= vole Ul pts IVeep. 722. 1904. Pecten (Chlamys) jeffersonius Say, Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, Pes pla Gy tie 2: This large pectinid is linked to the Gigantopectens by its large size (greater d. a. p.: 180 mm., greater d. u. p.: 172 mm.), its thick shell, its two convex valves with from eight to ten ribs, weak byssal sinus, large sub- equal ears and absence of ctenolium. But, C. jeffersonia diverges from the Gigantopectens, such as C. con- dylomata, by the lack of hinge teeth and by its secondary sculpture on the ribs. Scales and striae on the ribs do not exist on any European species of this group, except on C. gallica Mayer-Eymar (77 Roger, 1939, pl. 15, fig. 1, pl. 16, fig. 1) of the Helvetian of Aquitania and the Pliocene of Langue- doc, which bears traces of them, and also on Chlamys latissima Brocchi (77 Sacco, 1897, p. 32, pl. IX, fig. 5; pl. X, figs. 1-5) of the Mediterranean Pliocene which has striae in the interspaces of ribs. Finally, C. jeffersonia differs too widely from these European species to permit a comparison with the specimens themselves. On the other hand, C. jeffersonia differs from C. madisonia in having: finer secondary sculpture (27 striae on one rib and one interval), convex closely set, square ribs; convex shell, especially the right valve; 10 ribs instead of the 16-17 on C. madisonia; weak byssal sinus, narrow chondro- phore pit. Horizons.—St. Marys formation and Yorktown formation. Variations of the species——There are three variations of Chlamys jeffersonia: I. Variation septenaria Say, 1824, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. IV, Ist ser., p. 136, pl. IX, fig. II; Glenn and Martin, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, 1904, p. 379, pl. VI, fig. 4. This differs from the species in the number of ribs (7 instead of 10 or 11), its square ribs, and finer striae. It may be compared with the European Chlamys latissima Brocchi and its variation praecedens Sacco (1897, pl. X, figs. 4 to 8), but the latter has cardinal teeth, a smooth shell, and less rectangular ribs. 308 BULLETIN 180 Horizon.—Yorktown formation of Virginia and North Carolina, Duplin marl of Georgia. II. Variation palmyrensis Mansfield, 1936, Jour. Paleont., vol. 10. INO:.5;. p> 187.ple 23hie: The holotype (in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. 373075) differs from the species in having only five ribs. It can be likened to Chlamys latissima Brocchi (forma platypleuros figured in Roger, 1939, pl. 18, fig. 1) of the Pliocene of Italy by its five ribs, but on the Yorktown species, ribs are broader, pallial border broadly undulated, and secondary ornamentation much finer. Horizon.—Y orktown formation of North Carolina. III. Variation edgecombensis Conrad, 1862, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil- adelphia, Proc., vol. XIV, p. 291, Glenn and Martin, 1904, p. 379, pl. C, fig. 3. Studied on the syntypes (in Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) from Tarboro, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. This form is distinguished from Chlamys jeffersonia by a more visible thread in the intervals. Horizon.— Yorktown formation of Virginia and North Carolina. Group Chlamys opercularis L. (Aeqguipecten) Chlamys santamaria Tucker 1934. Chlamys (Lyropecten) santamaria Tucker, Amer. Midland Naturalist, vol. IS}, “oy, 5), jd); (NS), jal; WG, solee, 2 1938. Chlamys (Lyropecten) santamaria Tucker, Tucker-Rowland, Mém. Mus. roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique, ser. 2, fasc. 13, p. 16, pl. 1, figs. 5-6; pl. II, fig. 10. This species has no European equivalent, but it is part of the group of Chlamys opercularis L. to judge from the contour, the ears, the ctenolium, and the convexity of the shell. The sculpture consists of many fine, scaly striae and in the interspaces, one row of spines, stronger than the others, reaches far to the beak. This last characteristic distinguishes C. santamaria from C. madisonia (Say), where the sculpture is coarser and consists of three rows of spines only. Horizon.—St. Marys formation in Maryland. The variation mddlesexensis Mansfield (1936, p. 187, pl. 22, figs. 5, 6; Tucker-Rowland, 1938, p. 17, pi. 2, fig. 12; pl. 3, fig. 7) differs from the species in its more convex valves, longer ears, shallower byssal notch, AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 309 more prominent and squarer ribs. The sculpture is similar but lacks the strong ridging in the interspaces. This variation has been studied with Mansfield’s types (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) and with specimens from Goldsboro, Wayne County, North Carolina (No. 25369 Coll. Pal. Res. Inst. Ithaca, N. Y.). The young shells are like those of C. madssonia, but I have found no European equivalent for the adults. Horizon.—st. Marys formation at Urbanna, Middlesex County, Vir- ginia. Useful characters which are helpful in distinguishing C. santamaria, C. middlesexensis, and C. edgecombensis are noted in the following table: C. santamatia C. middlesexensis C. edgecombensis ctenolium with four teeth ctenolium with three no ctenolium teeth( on type) but not in others byssal notch marked byssal notch faint apical angle sharp same angle as Santamaria apical angle not sharp fan-shaped form same form as santamaria rounded form weak convexity medium convexity strong convexity in large specimens median ridge of inter- median ridge not evident median ridge marked spaces marked broad, rectangular ribs narrower ribs than broad, rounded ribs the others Chlamys madisonia (Say) Pl>26, fies) lla-b, 2a-h; Pie 27, fie. 2 1824. Pecten madisonius Say, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. IV, 1st ser., p. 134. 1840. Pecten madisonius Say, Conrad, Fossils Medial Tertiary, p. 49, pl. XXIV, fig. 1 1938. Chlamys (Lyropecten) madisonia (Say), Tucker-Rowland, Mém. Mus. toy. dilista Nat Beleiqueyset 2itascl Seep. 9} plal mies 1e2e ple Vashon c. 1939. Chlamys madisonia (Say), Roger, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, 40, p. 346. 1941. Chlamys (Lyropecten) madisonius (Say), Schoonover, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 25, No. 94B, p. 28, pl. 2-5. 1945. Pecten madisonius Say, Glibert, Mém. Mus. roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique, 103, p. 59. 1943. Chlamys (Lyropecten) madisonia (Say), Gardner, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. eeyoy, UNSVal, Jo 2, yall, 45 mes, Slo jo, ©), tive, Te Chlamys madisonia is the most important and the most abundant species of the Pectinidae of the Maryland and Virginia Miocene. It has been much studied by American paleontologists. With L. Schoonover, I think it is necessary to separate the species into two groups: the large specimens of Choptank formation and the small and medium shells of the Calvert. Moreover, the statistical study shown bears out this conclusion. 310 BULLETIN 180 1. The large shells of C. madisonia (Say). These specimens 12-15 cm. diam., are thick, especially toward the beak, ribs produced into the interior to the muscle scar are strongly marked. The inner surface is lumpy, irregular, often deformed by scars or shell repairs. The pallial margin is sometimes double. The hinge is thick, the cardinal line is 0.5 cm. wide with longitudinal striae. The deep, striated ligamental pit protrudes into the interior of the shell. The right auricle of the right valve is that of Chlamys with its deep byssal notch and well-pre- served ctenolium. There are never teeth on the hinge. The thickened and deformed appearance of the shells hints that these large specimens did not live under normal conditions. Attached byssally to the substratum and closely crowded, it may be their valves were battered against each other and injured as they were tossed by the currents, or the scars may have been pathological. After death, the dissociated shells, tumbled by the seas, pierced by boring algae and rock borers, served as a base for bryozoa, polyps, and worms. It is in such state that they are found in the cliffs of the Choptank formation. The large individuals of the Calvert formation collected at Davidson- ville, Maryland, by Dr. H. Vokes (Coll. Johns Hopkins Univ.) differ from the above by their slender shells and by the threads dividing the inner ribs. This particular form results, perhaps, from special local conditions—-a phase of more brackish or estuarial waters. After Dall (1898) all authors have placed C. madisonia in the sub- genus Lyropecten Conrad (1855, p. 71, pl. 3, fig. 15) of which the type species 1s Pecten estrellanus Conrad (1855) (neotype, U. S. Nat. Mus. 13317)%. However, the chief characteristic of this subgenus indicated by Conrad is the present of oblique and irregular teeth on each side of the chon- drophore pit, and C. madisonia has no teeth. It, therefore, does not belong to Lyropecten Conrad (Text-fig. 5). The subgenus Nodipecten Dall, (the type species is the living N. nodosus), has a hinge with teeth, but no ctenolium. Furthermore, it has 5 Lyropecten estrellanus Conrad seems to belong to the group of Chlamys scabriu- scula Matheron (1842, Catalogue, p. 187, pl. 30, fig. 8-9). The hinge of the latter does not have the oblique hinge teeth but shows in the same place a tri- angular fold of each side. Its beak is much less prominent, the ear ridges more numerous and finer. L. estrellanus has only four of them. The shape and the sculpturing are much the same in the two species. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 311 Text-fig. 5. Lyropecten estrellanus (Conrad). Wild Horse Canyon, Calif. Miocene. Coll. USNM 3586. Hinge shows three teeth in the left valve and two in the right, a triangular fold inside the pit of the chondrophore. nodules on the ribs, and the pallial margin is waved. This is not the case with C. madzsonia which, therefore, is not a Nodpecten, contrary to the opinion of paleontologists. This species can no longer be likened to the subgenus G7gantopecten Rovereto, 1899 (Macrochlamys Sacco, 1897) widely distributed in Europe and northern Africa during the Miocene. Indeed, the European shells of Gigantopecten have well-marked cardinal teeth, no byssal notch, equal and straight ears, thick, plain and smooth ribs, quite contrary to C. madisonia. It must be pointed out, also, that the left valve of Gzgantopecten has a flattened, ‘‘thumbmarked”’ apex and growth marks such as are never seen on the American species. Summing up, the large C. madisonia is never encountered in any European subgenus. Kautsky (1925, p. 14) finds C. madisonia close to Pecten brummeli Nyst (22 Glibert, 1945, p. 57, pl. 3, fig. 12) which, however, belongs *o another genus. Only the sculpture has a certain, although artificial, simi- larity. There are subspecies of C. madisonia in the lower and upper zones of the Choptank formation: a. C. madisonia sayana (Dall) (1898, p. 725, pl. 26, fig. 6) in Alum Bluff beds and Chipola formation. According to authors this would be the ancestral form of the species; it has more threads in the interspaces, round and flattened ribs, and no delicate concentric sculpture like C, radians (Nyst). The number of ribs studied on 44 left valves and 47 right valves of the specimens figured by Dall (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) and coming from Oak Grove, Florida, gives a polygon of frequency of which the mode is 15 for the left valve and 16 for the right (Text-fig. P II). 312 BULLETIN 180 b. C. madisonia richardsi Tucker-Rowland (1938, p. 14, pl. 3, figs. 4, 5) of St. Marys formation. This subspecies has 17 ribs on both valves. The concentric ornamentation near the beak shows delicate threads only in the interspaces. Further down, there are three scarcely visible radial threads on the ribs and one in the interspaces. C. richardsi Tacker-Rowland can be likened, perhaps, to C. bollenen- sis Mayer-Eymar (77 Fontannes, 1880, Pliocene Vallée Rhone, p. 189) which first appears in the Miocene and characterizes the Mediterranean Pliocene. 2. The small and medium shells of Calvert formation. These Plum Point, Maryland, (zone 10) specimens are different from the large one of the Choptank formation, as L. Schoonover has written. They belong to the living group of Chlamys opercularis L. which corresponds to the subgenus Aeguzpecten. Comparison with C. opercularis (Linné) from the Atlantic and its subspecies avdowini Payraudeau (in Bucquoy, Dollfuss, and Dautzenberg, v. II, pl. 17, fig. 3-8) from the Mediterranean. Text-fig. 6. Chlamys madisonia (Say). Young individual showing (a) auricular lamellae. Calvert fm. Resemblances same form, d. a. p. equal to d. u. p. (see statistical table) ; lateral margins short and excavated; left valve more convex than right ; same evolution of ornament near the beak—transversal striae passing over the ribs and into the spaces (Text-fig. 6) ; about 1 cm. from the beak, ribs bear a row of scales, and, further down, three rows with one row ap- pearing in the interspace. When the shells exceed 4 cm., there may be many scaly lines in the spaces and on the sides of the ribs (pl. 5, fig. 2; pl. 2, fig. 3 of Schoonover). On the interior of the left valve appear two auricular lamellae, the second disappearing late on the larger shells. The nepionic specimens of C. opercularis of the Belgian Pliocene are the same as those of young C. madzsonzta. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 31] Wo However, there are fewer ribs on C. madisonia (see statistic study), the rib section is squarer, and the ornamentation spinier. The group C. opercularis L. includes many species: C. angelonii Nyst and its forma caillaudi Nyst; C. radians Nyst; C. zenonis C. R.; C. pavon- acea Font.; C. gentoni Font.; C. malvinae Dub. The European species closest to C. madisonia are: Chlamys radians Nyst (in Glibert, 1945, p. 65, pl. II, fig. 5) of the European Miocene and its variation combaluzieri Mongin (1948-1952, p. 132); the living C. audouini L. of the Mediterranean: and C. angeloni forma caillaudi Nyst (ms. 72 Glibert, 1945, Mém. R. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belgique, pl. IV, figs. 2e=2}))): Before continuing the comparative study, however, it is necessary to mention the divers variations of C. madisonia of the Calvert formation and already described by the authors. 1. The variation distinguished by L. Schoonover (1941, pp. 28-36) and which has for types those figured on plate 4, figures 1-3. (The other figures, pl. 5, figs. 1, 2 and pl. 2, fig. 6, are of the variation acanzkos Gard- ner which I have studied in the collection of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York). 2. The variation acanikos Gardner (1926, p. 46, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2) which 1s also in the Chipola formation. 3. The variation bassler7 Tucker-Rowland (1938, pl. 13, pl. 5, fig. 1). As these three forms are bound to one another by many intermediaries, it would be preferable to group the three variations under the same name for the greater convenience of paleontologists. The name ‘“‘calvertensis”’ would be most useful and would show that this variation is found in the Calvert formation. Comparison with C. radians Nyst (i Glibert, 1945, Mém. Mus. roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique, p. 65, pl. 3, fig. 5): The concentric ornamentation near the beak is the same; the two species have fine transversal striae over the ribs and in the interspaces, but in C. radians they form a horizontal line at the base of the rib, and the striae which cover the ribs are twice as numerous as those of the inierspaces, while in C. madisonia, each stria corresponds to another, without forming a longitudinal ridge like in C. radians (Text-fig. 7). The shape is the same, and there are the same number of ribs (see statistical study). 314 BULLETIN 180 Text-fig. 7. 7a. Top figure. Chlamys radians (Nyst). Enlarged details of secondary ornamentation of the ribs (c) and their interspaces (i). 7b. Lower figure. Chlamys madisonia (Say). Same detail of the ribs (c) and their interspaces (1). There are the same rows of scales on the ribs (three) and in the inter- spaces (one or two). Characteristic microscopic striae appear on the left valve as on C. radians Nyst (in Mongin, 1952, pl. 2, fig. 28). But C. radians has a much shorter left ear on the right valve than the anterior, and the two valves are equally convex; while C. madisonia has a long left ear, and the right valve is less convex than the left. The variation acanzkos Gardner is close to C. radians combaluzieri Mongin (1948, p. 132), C. semensis Dollfuss and Dautzenberg (1920, pl. 37, fig. 19) (Combaluzier, 1932, pl. 10, figs. 5, 6) of the Burdigalian of Provence (South France) and the Helvetian of Touraine (West France). STATISTICAL STUDY OF CHLAMYS MADISONIA (Say)°® Two types of measurements have been used on Chlamys madisonia (Say) (Coll. Geol. Dept., Johns Hopkins Univ.). 1. The number of radial ribs for which 457 shells have been examined in the Calvert formation (200 left valves and 257 right valves) and 416 specimens in the Choptank formation (189 left valves and 227 right valves). 5 For this work the method and the notations of M. Lamotte (1953, p. 31 ef seq.) have been used. ——————— PL jo 2F POLYGONS OF FREQUENCY PI. Number of ribs of Arca idone et oe : of Arca idonea Conrad; 185 specimens from Jmes Point, Va. P III. Number of ribs of Chlamys madisonia (Say), of the Calvert fm.; 200 left Pei sae of a of Chlamys sayana (Dall); 44 left valves et ai ves valves and 257 right valves. Solid line: right valves; dashed line: left valves. Solid line: right valves; da e- ale : 2 Wes;idashed line: ilettvalves. P IV. Number of ribs Chlamys madisonia (Say) of the Choptank fm.; 189 left valves and 227 right valves. Solid line: right valve; dashed line: left valves. 31: ake it Ss 515 MONGIN . AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS 9 =UONHvA dTvIpend X =uUvow jronawyyie VY =9pow j= Aduanbary €8L‘7 9Y8°7 ¢L‘9 €8°8 S‘OL aS) O) 0101 68001 I¢‘IOL ZIOL cc*COl €0°901 4 OOT OOT L6 ¢*LOI 901 COLL V OST OSI 6Il 96 LOT POL j [O01 X ae P ‘OVI dy} Jo Apnys [PIYSHVS dnp SIFT POT 16¢‘T 186‘0 Coit 60°T CLOT ®) Chl 61 €C1‘st QTL‘LI LOST | 9€6LI OPE LI 691 x 61 81 81 OT 91 (iii LI V OOF OST OST EGG 681 LSZ 007 J (sijoys. 118503) i eg eee es etn ae Gaseu tes) (-arpur 00¢) ‘wy yurydoyyD "Wy IOATLD s1apna4aqo *D) QreqyD 4) suviprs ‘Dd - 2s (Avg) PLUOSIpPul Bo) viuosipyu skuviq) fo sqit fo saquinu aq, fo Kpnig pvsts1VIsS PV PY 25 20 eal Sane WS a) 5 aKy 10D, 1) o We 106,14 . 109 103,41 . 106 100,41 - 103 97,1 - 100 OA a Cie Sia Sex! yt el 85,1 - 88 (18,4 -124 IS) ab ea alalts MVE GY sae NO Fal Sake) 106,1 109 {03,1 106 100,41 _ 103 Ope 00 Oe avec)! a iileseos Sova Sianleeawoo PVM BVI Mey, = HO UA - 445 109,14 _ 12 106,1 _ 409 103,14 _ 106 100,14 - 103 974 ~ 100 94,4. 97 91,494 88,1 - 91 85,1 -88 aah ah N21-15 109,17 - 12 106, 1-109 403,14. 106 A00 4 - 403 97,1. 100 DG pee 4 91,1. 94 88 4. 91 85,4 -88 25 20 Chlamys madisonia (Say) P VI. Some ratio as P V Calvert fm., left valves. 100. x P V. Ratio P VIII. Same x 100. Choptank fm., left valves. Right valves. P VII. Ratio ratio as P VII, right valves. ~I AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 31 The polygons of frequency obtained PII and PHI have shown: A= mode=17 for the left and right valves of Calvert formation; A—mode =16 for the left and right valves of Choptank formation. The other measures (x—arithmetical mean, 6=quadriatic variation) are given in the accompanying table where are also noted similar measure- ments made by Glibert on C. radians (1945, p. 68) of the Anversian of Belgium and by J. Roger (1939, p. 128) on C. opercularis L. of the European Pliocene and Quaternary. In this way, one concludes that it is the Chlamys of the Calvert forma- tion which most nearly approaches C. radians Nyst, the mode A having only a difference of 1. For values of x=arithmetical mean, the difference is 0.716 for the left valves and 0.807 for the right valves. On the contrary, the shells of the Choptank formation with A—16 different from that of the Calvert shells must, therefore, be separated from the latter. They can no longer be compared to C. radians (A=18) and C. oper- cularis (A=19). (disp: 2. The ratio: dap, x 100, for which 426 shells have been measured: 104 left valves and 107 right valves of Calvert formation 96 left valves and 119 right valves of Choptank formation d.u.p. umbono-pallial-diameter d.a.p. antero-posterior-diameter d.u.p. When the ratio cE x 100 is greater than 100, the shells are oval. Arp: When it is less than 100, the valves are transverse. The polygons of frequency PV and PVI show that the majority of fossils of the Calvert formation are oval (A:103. 1 to 112), and the measurements show them to be of small and medium size. The polygons of frequency PVII and PVIII give a heterogeneous population for Choptank formation, the small shells are oval and the large valves are transverse. One can conclude, therefore, that the variation in the Calvert forma- tion (calvertensis ?) is separable from the type species. In the Plum Point beds, C. madisonia is in process of development, while in Choptank formation it has attained maturity, even gigantism, since in Europe the species of the same group never reach this large size. 318 BULLETIN 180 The total number of measurements made on C. madisonia was 1299. Horizons.—The species appears in the “diatomaceous earth’’ of the Calvert and continues to expand into the upper zones, “Plum Point marls,” and into the Choptank where it reaches maximum abundance, from New Jersey to Virginia in passing through the rich Maryland beds. D. Nicol (1953) p. 707) estimated its duration as 3 million years. Family ASTARTIDAE In the United States, four principal species of Astarte belong to the subgenus Ashtarotha Dall: Astarte cuneiformis Conrad (zone 10 and 14 of Calvert formation) A. thisphila Glenn (zones 16 and 17 of Choptank formation) A. obruta Conrad (zones 18 and 19 of Choptank formation) A. undulata Say (in Gardner, 1943, p. 57, pl. 12, fig. 25-31) (St. Marys and Yorktown formations) Principal characteristics —A, cuneiformis Conrad is pointed poster- iorly. A. thisphila Say has flattened beaks and coarse concentric ribs. A. obruta Say has inflated beaks and no concentric ribs. The subgenus Ashtarotha Dall includes shells with flattened beaks, pointed, with coarse ribs at the beginning of growth and which disappear in the middle of the shells, the posterior side is cuneiform (Chavan, 1949, p09). In Europe the same group is represented by: Astarte concentrica Goldfuss (1827 im Glibert, 1945, p. 97, pl. 6, fig. 2) of the Helvetian-Tortonian of Belgium. It is different from A. concentrica Conrad (1834, p. 133) of Yorktown forma- tion of Virginia and North Carolina (77 Gardner, 1943, p. 59, pl. 12, figs. 32-34). The species of Goldfuss has priority for keeping the name of concentrica. A. tauroscalarata Sacco (1897, p. 27, pl. 6, figs. 28-32) of the Helvetian of Italy. A. teschi Heering (1950, p. 21, pl. 3) of the Miocene of Peel (Hol- land). A sallomacensis Cossmann and Peyrot, (v. 2, p. 19, pl. 1, figs. 26-32) of the Helvetian of Aquitania (France). Astarte thisphila Glenn 1904. Astarte thisphila Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 355, pl. 94, figs. 7-9. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 319 Comparison of A. thisphila and A. tauroscalarata Sacco (1898, Pie- monte, v. 28, pl. 6, figs. 28-32) —They are of the same triangular form although the American species is more pointed, the same sculpture formed by coarse, concentric ribs widely spaced toward the pallial margin. The hinge appears thicker on the Italian species. The other species vary from A. thisphila by their different ornament: A. teschi Herring has stair-formed concentric ribs; A. sallomacensis C. and P. has fine convex grooves near the beak, and the shell form is not triangu- lar; A. concentrica Goldfuss (not Conrad) has concentric ribs regularly proceeding to the pallial margin. Astarte obruta Conrad 1834. Astarte obruta Conrad, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., 1st ser. vol. VII, palsos 1903. Astarte obruta Conrad, Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. VI, p. 1490. 1904. Astarte obruta Conrad, Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 354, pl. 94, figs. 5, 6. Comparison of A. obruta C. and A. omalit Jonkaire, 1823 (in Glibert, 1945, p. 111, pl. 9, fig. 2). —These two species are large, rounded, smooth, and appear close, but they do not belong to the same group. A. omali Jonkaire is an Isocrassina Chavan (1949, p. 509). On A. obruta, which is an Ashtarotha, the beak is flattened and angu- lar for it is bounded on both sides by two sharp keels separating it from the lunule and the escutcheon; the ornament consists of coarse, thick- spaced ribs. On A. omali (specimens studied from Anvers, Belgium (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 325667), the beak is rounded, not flattened, and the keels which border it are not sharp. The ribs are fine and close near the beak. Biological remarks.—The subgenera Isocrassina Chavan and Ashtar- otha Say are not cold water forms but lived in temperate waters (see Con- clusions). Fanily ISOCARDITDAE Genus GLOSSUS Poli, 1795 (/socardia Lk., 1799) Because this error in name has been criticized by many American authors, Dr. Nicol studied and determined the matter of nomenclature (1951, Washington Acad. Sci., Jour., vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 142-6). Glossus Poli, 1795, must be given priority, taking account of Poli’s work, although he did not use binomial nomenclature. 320 BULLETIN 180 Isocardia cor L., 1767, then becomes Glossus humanus (Linné), 1758, by the same rule of priority. In the United States, the most common species is Glossus fraternus Say, 1824 (Acad. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. 4, p. 143, pl. 11, fig. 1) which includes three subspecies (succeeding each other in time) : Glossus fraternus marylandicus (Schoonover) (1941, p. 57, pl. 9, figs. 4-6; pl. 10, figs. 4-6) = G. fraternus glenni (Gardner), (1943, p. 68, pl. 16, figs. 1, 2) of the Calvert and Choptank formations. The shell is generally small, d. a. p. = 6.5 cm., d.u. p. = 5.5 cm., shape often oblong, keel accentuated, convexity medium. G. fraternus Say type (¢7 Glenn and Martin, 1904, pl. 85, figs. 3, 4) of St. Marys and Yorktown formations. The’ shelll.is of “normal ‘size, 7d. a. p. 7.5 cm, “di u.sps G5 cia sthe form is rounded, the keel is weak, the hinge thick. G. fraternus carolinus (Dall), (1900, vol. II], pt. V, p. 1067, pl. 46, fig. 22) of Yorktown formation (PI. 27, figs. 4a-d). The’ shell is of latge size, d.. a. p.: 11.3 em., d\u,(p.:.9rcmeaierkec! is effaced and the hinge is thick, general form more elongate than in the species, In short, the three species succeed each other as follows: G. marylandicus G. fraternus G. carolinus Calvert St. Marys Yorktown Choptank Yorktown Dall (1900, p. 1068) thought that G. carolinus® is an ancestor of the living Glossws humanus (= Isocardia cor). This is not my opinion, for the latter descends from G. hoernesi, a round form without keel, while G. carolinus belongs to the group of the keeled Glossus. The “‘large species’ G. fraternus closely approaches the large species G. lunulatus Nyst of the Belgian and German Miocene (Nyst, 1835, p. 13).pl. 3, fig53)) (77 Glibett, 19455 ps 135, spl) OF tommy) As for G. marylandicus, the young specimens are close to G. /unulatus cypriniformis (Glibert, pl. 9, fig. 1g) with their carinate posterior shape and smallish beak, while the adult G. marylandicus is clearly comparable to 6 The specimen figured by J. Gardner (pl. 11, fig. 5) is broken and does not give the general appearance of the shell; the hinge is small. It does not correspond to the species studied. In French, “grande espéce’’ means type species with variations and subspecies. (in Cuénot, L., 1936, L’ espéce, Ed. Doin, Paris.) AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN Ye iS) pan those of G. /unulatus type. Only a detailed study of the hinge (figs. 1c, 1d) shows slight difference between the two species; that of the American species 1s thicker; the tooth 2b of the left valve is larger; moreover the upper cardinal margin is not incurved below the beak as in G. lunulatus, it is regularly rounded. The other characters of the shell are identical; con- vexity, beaks, other teeth, muscle scars, and concentric striation. It can be said, therefore, that: G. marylandicus (Calvert-Choptank) closely corresponds to G. /unu- latus and cypriniformis (Helvetian-Tortonian) . Family VENERIDAE Genus Antigona Schumacher, 1817 Type species, Aztigona lamellaris (Gray) of present Pacific of Aus- tralia (studied in Coll. Nat. Mus. Wash., D. C., 76401). The shell has strong concentric lamellar ribs; the radial ribs are weaker and not present in all species. The lunule and ligament are well marked. The hinge is that of Vevws plus a lateral anterior tooth A II of the left valve which corresponds to a little socket in the right valve, the pallial sinus is small and pointed. The anterior part of the shell is enlarged in front because of this supplementary tooth. The subgenus Nef/ara Frizzel (1936, p. 46, type species, A. stamnea Conrad) is not described by the author, and it is not known on what characters he based this separation. Antigona staminea (Conrad) ee Cytherea staminea Conrad, Fossils Medial Tertiary, cover of No. 1, pl. 21, fogs ale 1903. Cytherea (Artena) staminea (Conrad), Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Phila- delphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. VI, p. 1279. 1904. Cytherea (Antigona) staminea (Conrad), Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 314, pl. 76, fig. 6, 7. 1927, 29. Antigona (Antigona) staminea (Conrad), Palmer, Palaeont. Amer., WO, i, INO, D5 (. 329); jolla 27, wis, DB 4, 5, Oxi, 4h 1941. Antigona (Antigona) staminea (Conrad), Schoonover, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 25, No. 94B, p. 61, pl. 11, figs. 6-8. The genus Anizgona Schumacher is close to the subgenus Vevtricolidea Sacco (1911, v. 28, p. 31) named by the latter for V. multilamella Lk., a Miocene and Recent species which has a lateral anterior tooth in the left valve. This tooth appears in the genus Vevtricola Roemer, 1857 for exam- ple: V. rugosa, (Chemnitz), a living species. 322 BULLETIN 180 The two genera, Ventricolidea and Antigona, have strong concentric ribs (radial ribs do not exist in all species of Aztigona), interior crenula- tions of the pallial margin, definite lunule and corselet, the same hinge with three divergent teeth and one lateral anterior AII of the left valve, the same short and pointed pallial sinus. But Glibert (1945, p. 186), as well as Frizzell (1936, p. 57), indi- cated that Ventricolidea equals Dosima Gray, 1831, of which the type species is D. zelandica Gray (Powell, 1946, p. 15, fig. 3). In comparing V. multilamella Lk. of Italy (Coll. Nat. Mus. Wash. no. 20316) and Dosina zelandica (in Marwick, 1925-27, pl. 44, figs. 118, 119, 121) (Powell, 1946, pl. 15, fig. 3), I note that the two species belong to the same genus called Dosa by priority. But is Dosima equivalent to Antigona? Almost all authors separate them into two different genera or different subgenera, except Thiele (1931) who made Dosima the synonym of Venus. a Text-fig. 8. Antigona lamellaris (Gray). Type species. Hinges of left and right valves. / : ~ (a (is 4 Text-fig. 9. Dosina multilamella (Lk.) Text-fig. 10. Dosina zelandica Marwick. Type species. Hinge of left valve. Hinge of the right valve. “ Text.-fig. 11. Antigona staminea (Conrad). Hinge of left valve. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN es) No Qo Differences between Dosina and Antigona.—Dosina is characterized by having only concentric sculpture, one small lateral anterior tooth and a rounded cardinal plateau; while in Avtigona, the tooth AII being larger, the hinge is enlarged toward the front as well as the anterior part of the shell. Note, also, that AII of Antigona is found exactly on the prolongation of tooth 2a which is turned forward, but in Dosina, tooth 2a is turned more toward the base and forms an angle with tooth AII (Text-figs. 8-11). Thus, Antigona and Dosina, though close, can be separated, Dosina being a possible subgenus of Avtigona, as K. Palmer indicated (1927, Prels)): Resemblances of the species—A single shell appears, according to the figures, similar to A. staminea of the European Miocene: Venus scalaris Bronn (1831, Ital. Gebield., p. 100) (7 Sacco, v. 28, p. 41, pl. 9, fig. 44) of the Tortonian-Pliocene of Italy. Sacco classed this with Claw- sinella although he mentioned (p. 41) that this shell has a lateral anterior tooth in the adult specimens which excludes it from the genus Clawsinella. Further, Bronn, in the Index Paleontologicus (1848, v. N-Z, p. 1360) wrote that Venus scalaris is equivalent to Dosina sp. ? He recognized this subgenus. Hence, Aniigona staminea and Dosina scalaris Bronn, despite the arti- ficial barriers formulated by malacologists, perhaps belong to the same species. To make certain, it would be necessary to see specimens of D. scalaris Bronn, Horizon of A. staminea.—Calvert formation of Maryland. Genus CALLISTA Moreh 1853 Type species, Venus chione L. (fixed by Meek, 1876). This genus 1s sometimes differentiated from the genus Macrocallista Dall, 1902, type species, Venus gigantea Gmelin. I have examined specimens of Venus chione L. of the Mediterranean and those of V. gigantea Gmelin of Florida (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) and believe that Callista and Macrocallista belong to the same genus, the only difference being that the former is rounded and the later elongate. Callista marylandiea (Conrad) 1833. Cytherea marylandica Conrad, Amer. Jour. Sci., 1st ser., vol. 23, p. 343. 1903. Macrocallista (Chionella) marylandica (Conrad), Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III, pt. VI, p. 1255. 324 BULLETIN 180 1904. Macrocallista marylandica (Conrad), Glenn, Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 311, pl. 74, figs. 1-2. 1927, 29. Callista marylandica (Conrad), Palmer, Paleont. Amer., vol. I, No. 5 p- 76, pl. Xess) 2515 cep). SMe fress Osa This species is extremely close to Callista italica (Def.) figured in Cossmann and Peyrot (1910, p. 381, pl. 15, fig. 19; pl. 16, fig. 56), in Hoernes (1870, pls. 17, 18, C. pedemontana), 1n Dollfuss and Dautzen- berg. (1902; p. 213, pl. 15; figs: 1-7),.1m Sacco (1900) vy. 28; 4p, Taeplee2 figs. 15-18). They have the same size, the same rounded form with a somewhat high d. u. p., a smooth shell without radial ribs, marked only by growth lines, and chiefly the same hinge. Compare the figuration of C. marylandica (7m Glenn, pl. 74, figs. 1-2) with the photograph of Cossmann and Peyrot (pl. 15, fig. 9). I must point out, however, that the anterior tooth AII of the left is a little larger than that of the American species which brings about a slight thickening of the cardinal plateau in the anterior region. Another difference lies in the pallial margin which accords with the posterior margin of the shell by a rounded curve in C. étalica and is more pointed in C. marylandica. > The growth lines are much more accentuated on C. /talica, but this character is not fixed (7. e., not specific) and is due to ecological conditions. One other striking characteristic in the American species is the thick- ening of the shell anteriorly under the beak. This calcite layer, its thickness varying with the shells, appears superadded by the animal, perhaps playing a role in defense or in adaptation to a new biologic environment. Horizons of C. marylandica—Calvert, Choptank, and St. Marys for- mations of Maryland in zones 10, 14, 17. D. Nicol (1953, p. 707) estimated its time span as three million years. Horizons of C. italica—Aquitanian of Italy and Provence, Burdi- galian of southwest France, Helvetian-Tortonian of Europe (except Bel- gium and Germany), Pliocene of France and Italy. III. SOME STRATIGRAPHIC REMARKS ON THE MIOCENE OF CHESAPEAKE BAY CHOPTANK FORMATION 1. Scientists’ Cliffs —The shore is dominated by a cliff 25 to 30 meters high where new strata are frequently exposed when storms, by uprooting trees, bring down large blocks of sediments upon the beach. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 3 N “Nn The cliff shows the following section, the zones of the Chesapeake Bay stages being those adopted by G. B. Shattuck (72 Maryland Geological Survey, 1904) : Zone 18-20—yellow sandy clay without fossils (7 m.) Zone 17 —-very fossiliferous yellow sands, true shell marl with beds of Chlamys madisonia, Mercenaria, Dosinia, Callista marylandica, Cardium laqueatum (we have collected a large number of species). (2 m.) Zone 16 —blue, sandy clay in fossils (7 m.) The fossils of zone 17 are rarely in place except some large-formed Chlamys madisonia and some specimens of Mercenaria and Cardium. The oysters are rare and not in beds. Like C. madisonia, they are encrusted by algae. These fossils have been accumulated on beaches by the currents of transgression just as one finds shells today on the seashore. In this shell marl, also, one finds, as always in the fossiliferous layers of the Miocene, mollusks from all depths now reassembled in the same level, not in place. The facies of zone 17 is the same as that of the Fatuns of Saucats and Touraine because of the substratum formed by sands and soft marls of the Oligocene or Eocene. It is found to be on the continental shelf slightly dipping with certain beach facies as described by J. Gardner. There are few gastropods in this zone. Calvert Beach_—At Calvert Beach, zone 16, which outcrops from sea level to a height of three meters, is formed from compact blue marls with beds abounding in Twrritella plebeia. One also finds Glossus fraternus, Arca staminea, Phacoides contractus, Cardium laqueatum. Zone 17 is extremely fossiliferous here as elsewhere with numerous Chlamys madisonia of large size and an abundance of polyps. But the out- standing feature at Calvert Beach is the presence of a rich bed of Isagno- mon maxillata Des. This bed of Isognomon in place, one meter thick and several hundred long, includes thousands of individuals and an interesting biologic associa- tion with Astraelia palmata. It shows the existence in the Miocene of Ches- apeake Bay, noted as containing a cold water fauna, a bed of corals, living along with Perna in a warm water fauna. (See Conclusions.) The associated species in this bed are: Chlamys madisonia, Mercenaria campechiensis, Callista marylandica, Calyptraea centralis, and Ecphora quadricostata,—or about 25 species collected in a short time. o>) NO ON BULLETIN 180 The list of fossils shows us that this coral bed developed on a soft layer of marl (zone 16) and at a depth of 25 to 160 meters in the coralline zone. It is local and not found further on where, on the contrary, we have seen, to the north of Calvert Beach, a fine bed of Panopaea americana associated with the same fauna of zone 17. ST. MARYS FORMATION Little Cove Poimt.—Along the clift, the “drab clay”: zone 23 outcrops at its base. Here are few shells in a compact blue marl; Panopaea, Thracia, Pitar, Cardium, Natica, Leda, crustaceans. Now submerged in the sea, lies the fossiliferous level 22 from which fossils, mingled with living shells, are brought up onto the beach by the storms. Here are Ecphora quadricostata, Buccinofusus, Busycon, Natica, Tur- ritella, Mercenaria, and small gastropods. Above zone 23, lies a curious, ferruginous Pleistocene stratum with a conglomerate of quartz pebbles and dark gritstone. In this layer of the St. Marys, no Chlamys jeffersonia is found and, in general, few pelecypods, but there are numerous gastropods. POWELLS LAKE SPILLWAY (VIRGINIA) OUTCROP This outcrop is found to the southeast of Williamsburg, near the highway. Situated along a stream, it is difficult to see, but it is very fossili- ferous. The fossils collected are Chlamys santamaria middlesexensis, Chlamys eborea urbannaensis, Ostrea disparilis, Chione latilirata, Cardita granulata, and finally, a bed of Isognomon maxillata new variation, (which differs from the species in having fewer ligamentary sockets) . All of these fossils are indicative of St. Marys formation, which Mansfield noticed (77 Gardner, 1943, p. 5, 7, 13). The determination of the age of this bed at Powells Lake Spillway was given by the author in 1955 to James McLean, Jr., (1956, p. 309), who showed me this outcrop. YORKTOWN FORMATION At Carter's Grove, the section 1s visible along the James River on the MacCrea Estate, Virginia, where a high cliff shows the two zones of this formation. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN Wo No a | From top to bottom: Zone 2 red sands (Pleistocene (3 m.) bed with Chama congregata (0 m. 50) red sands (1 m. 50) fossiliferous sands with glauconite Mercenaria rileyi, Chlamys jeffersonia, Panopaea, Crassatellites, Teredo, ... (0 m. 50) sands with Chama congregata and some Barbatia centenaria (6-7 m.) shell sands with Chlamys jeffersonia in place and Mercenaria tetrica in coarse yellow sands with corals and numerous fos- sils (30 species collected within a short time), the most abundant being Chlamys jeffersonia, Mercenaria riley1, Mer- cenaria tridacnoides, Crassatellites undulatus, C. cyclopterus, Glycymeris subovata, and G. subovata tuomeyt, Astarte, undulata (2 m.) Zone yellow sands with Chlamys clintonia and Ostrea disparilis in place (this bed is found at water level at the base of the cliff). An interesting fact appears in this cliff; the facies evolves from the bottom to the top of the cliff; at its foot the series are clearly marine, with beds of large Chlamys in a phase of transgression, with Mercenarza in place and a rich fauna in a largely oxygenated environment. With the Chama zones, there appears a marly phase, hydrogenated, quieter, more stable, where the Chamas must not have lived according to their habitual way of life as they did not seem fixed. Barbatias mingled with the Chamas in these muddy, tranquil depths. As one looks toward the top of the cliff, glauconite is seen to appear in the Chama beds, the sands become increasingly dark and glauconitic before becoming definitely continental with traces of unfossiliferous red clays. Above, a recurrence of coarse, glauconitic sands with Chama, indi- cates that these layers always belong to the Miocene and not to the Quater- nary. Finally, the section terminates with beds of purely red clay. It is evident that here in this section, one witnesses the end of the Mio- cene of Virginia by a progressive regression of the sea episode (with 328 BULLETIN 180 Chama) and the establishment of a continental regime which will continue throughout the Pliocene. I cannot say whether this section is constant in the Miocene of Vir- ginia and North Carolina, not having had occasion to visit other beds of this region. J. McLean, Jr., wrote (1956, p. 303) that the facies and fauna of Yorktown formation indicate the middle and upper neritic zone (between 25 and 100 meters in depth) of saline waters and an open sea with alter- nating warm and cold faunas. The fossils of Carter's Grove would show lower depths, with some fluctuations in the period of the Chama-beds. Southwest of Yorktown, in the Moore House Cliff, Virginia,* the beds are covered by the Pleistocene but are very fossiliferous. From top to bottom, the section of the base of the cliff shows: layer with Crepidula costata in a yellow sand layer with Chlamys, very fossiliferous in a coarse sand; Chlamys jeffersonia edgecombensis, Ostrea sculpturata, Mercenarta tr1- dacnoides and M. rileyi, Glycymeris subovata, Astarte undu- lata, Mulinia congesta, Turritella alticostata, Busycon maxt- mum, a total of 15 species collected in a short time in this bed. layer with Crepidula costata in a yellow sand layer with Twrritella alticostata in a yellowish sandstone. The layer with Crepidula is interesting to note as it contains three associated species: C. costata, C. plana, and C. fornicata which are still living and again because they are scattered in marly sands. Arca (Barbatia) centenaria 1s also found. The layer of Ch/amys contains beds of Ostrea sculpturata in place with many fixed acorn barnacles. These, like Chlamys, lived in a disturbed en- vironment, shown by coarse sands; transgression facies, with boring organisms, polyps, barnacles, algae in contrast with the muddy, calm habi- tat of Crepidula. The presence of Twrritella alticostata indicates Mansfield’s zone 2 (in Gardner, 1943, p. 7), although there are no Chamas at Yorktown. Mansfield’s zone 1, with Chlamys clintonia, is not seen at Yorktown. 8 This field trip was possible with the friendly help of J. McLean, Jr. and his family. The author is much indebted to them. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 329 IV. PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS After this fragmentary study of the lamellibranchs of the Miocene of Maryland and Virginia and some brief considerations given to the beds, it is not possible to reach any conclusion, but certain interesting comments can be made concerning: (1) both the relationships and the differences of European and American species and (2): the characteristics of the lamel- libranchs studied from a biologic and a climatic point of view. 1. The relationships of European and American spectes.—Contrary to the opinion of some authors, they are not marked or, if evident, are often superficial and do not withstand a close examination of the species. These affinities do not go beyond the stage of the subgenus or group. I have been able to link American species to European groups, but I have not succeeded in finding the same species in both continents. The only ones that might be considered identical, judging from the illustrations of the European species, are: Antigona staminea and Venus scalaris Glossus (= Isocardia) marylandicus and G. lunulatus—cyprintformis Chlamys madisonia, calvertensis and the young of Chlamys radians By continuing the detailed study of the mollusks, it is probable that other almost identical species may be found. Earlier malacologists who have studied the question have discovered some analogies between the two continents, especially among the gastro- pods. Kautsky (1927) indicated great similarities between the Isocardias and the Carditas, the Nuculidae and the Nuculanidae, the Dentalia and, again, especially among the gastropods. But in his conclusions, Kautsky practically restated those of Dall, as did also the Countess Lecointre (1909). J. Gardner (1924, p. 860) also likened European and American gen- era and linked the Chipola formation to the Burdigalian by the affinities of the Carditidae and Lucinidae. She wrote further that the Chesapeake group may be Tortonian by analogy with the Tortonian of Germany (Hol- stein) and on the strength of a single specimen of Ecphora quadricostata (Say) (1826, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. IV, 1st ser., p. 127, pl. VU, fig. 5) which might be similar to Stenomphalus wiechmanni v. 330 BULLETIN 180 Koenen (1872, p. 179, pl. 1, fig. 2, 10b) represented by a poor drawing.? The European species would rather approach Ecphora tricostata Glenn and Martin of Calvert formation (1904, Maryland Geol. Sur., p. 209, pl. 52, figs. 5-8). As a matter of fact, we can see that equivalents are difflicult to estab- lish between the two continents. In general it can be said that the American species are more ornate than their European relatives. They always have a secondary ornamentation formed by fine ribbings or scales on the back of the ribs and in the inter- spaces. This occurs in Anadara (idonea, staminea, and subrostrata), all Chlamys (condylamata, jeffersonia, septenaria, edgecombensis) and Astarte (‘Aisphila, for example). In Maryland and Virginia, the shells are almost always of gigantic dimensions, as, for example, Mercenaria rileyi, Mercenaria tridacnoides, Chlamys jeffersonia (which reaches a diameter of 18 cm.), Chlamys madt- sonia, Crassatellites. One observes, likewise, that a close analogy exists between the young individuals of close species (Chlamys madisonia and Chlamys radians). This denotes a common origin for the species, but where to place that origin ? The problem will remain unsolved as long as contemporary Miocene beds are not found in Europe and America. Unfortunately, the mollusks cannot furnish a key. In my opinion, the stratigraphy alone, studied in detail at Chesapeake Bay and in Virginia, would furnish interesting results similar to those indicated in the study of the Yorktown formation. 2. Characteristics of the lamellibranchs studied from the point of view of climate.-—The paleontologists have always considered the Neogene mol- lusks of the East Coast as a cold water fauna, particularly on account of the numerous Astarte collected in the beds. But if the majority of Astartidae live in boreal seas, this fact is not true for certain genera and subgenera of Astarte as studied by A. Chavan (1949, p. 509). Astarte borealis Chemnitz, for example, characteristic of the Arctic Ocean, belongs to the subgenus Triodonta, Agassiz (emend. pro Tridonta 9 But Stenomphalus wiechmanni is rare in Germany, differs from Ecphora, and is of smaller size. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN Zoi Schumacher) while the other As/arte belong to different subgenera not at all boreal. Thus, Astarte, from the Miocene of Chesapeake Bay, is of the subgenus Ashtarotha Say which is in no wise characteristic of a cold fauna since at the present time it does not live in Arctic or Antarctic waters. This subgenus is probably from a temperate climate like the subgenus Isocrassina Chavan (1949, p. 509) I note, in fact, that in the beds of Chesapeake Bay, Ashtarotha most often lived in company with Isognomon, Glycymeris, Anadara, the large Chlamys, V enericardia, all genera typical of tropical or temperate waters. This fact 1s especially striking for the Isognomons which form rich and flourishing beds in the strata of Maryland and Virginia. These mollusks live among the coral reefs and could not tolerate another climate. Chamas, likewise, are a part of the tropical fauna, another reason for concluding that the Yorktown formation is not of a cold sea. The only genera of cold or boreal waters are Nucula, Nuculana, Saxt- cava, and Panopaea, but these lamellibranchs are not numerous in the Chesa- peake Miocene and do not form banks or biostromes like the other genera. Panopaea, noted for being of a cold fauna, can accommodate itself to warm temperatures as well as to cold. During the Miocene more than 100 species were distributed at a great number of points in Europe and the world. There were four in the Burdigalian of Provence which have a tropi- cal character (Mongin, 1948-1952, p. 188, 219), and also in the Miocene of Aguitania, Austria, Italy, Touraine, Denmark, and Belgium. This genus 1s, therefore, climatically cosmopolitan. Hence, it is not evident that the Miocene of North America is of a colder climate than that of Europe, although a greater number of boreal genera are found there. The detailed study of the stratigraphy and petro- graphy of the Chesapeake strata will doubtless show the alternation of cold and warm currents which flowed through the Miocene sea of that region. A study of the superposition of beds or their lateral extension along with a careful analysis of the fauna of each level would be necessary. Another indication of the temperature and biological conditions of the waters of that epoch is given us by the morphological aspect of the shells. They are generally thick, and according to many biologists for example, Pelseneer (1935), large, thick shells, denote a temperature be- tween 20 and 30 degrees Centigrade of high salinity (Tasch, 1953, p. 426) and disturbed waters. BULLETIN 180 >) Wo bo I do not agree with Tasch (1953), when he says that gigantism is found in cold water fauna. This statement is contrary to the observations of other biologists who have studied reefs and tropical formations. But I admit that shells of large, generally thick forms exist only in zones 17 and 19 of the Choptank formation, certain layers of St. Marys of Virginia, and Yorktown formation. The fossils of Calvert formation are of medium size and normal thickness. In summing up, one can now more easily imagine the picture of the Miocene sea of this region after a study of the fauna and stratigraphy such as J. Gardner has made (1917, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ. No. 293, p. 36), but with the addition of some new ideas. During the period of the Calvert formation, the beds of marly sands indicate to us a bottom of sand and mud in tranquil waters at a depth of 20 to 25 fathoms. The mollusks were burrowers—Corbula, Mercenaria, Callista, Glossus—or some free forms such as Pecten, big Chlamys, and beds of oysters which lived easily in these calm, slightly saline waters, with muddy bottoms, and doubtless, near an estuary. During the Choptank formation, the facies change often in the course of ages; one sees there a multitude of climatic changes such as T. Soot-Ryen claimed for the Miocene in general (1932). Beds of marly sands, blue or yellow, poor in fossils and having the same biology as the Calvert horizons, calm and muddy waters, alternate with beds which are extremely rich in fossils. These extraordinary accum- mulations of lamellibranchs of zone 17 and 19 of the Choptank indicate a transgressive episode of waters stirred by strong currents and bringing in from great depths of the sea genera such as the large Chlamys madisonia, the large Mercenaria and the big Cardium (C. laqueatum). Their valves, usually disassociated, have been tumbled by the waters and are covered with acorn barnacles and polyps; they have also been encrusted by algae. Rich beds of coelenterates and Perna flourished also sometimes on these shores. In Maryland, during the St. Marys formation, the blue clays (‘drab clay”) contained a fine fauna of gastropods living either in the algal growths or in the sandy and gravelly depths. In Virginia, the facies was often that of Choptank, transgressive with large specimens of Chlamys, oysters, Perna and Mercenaria (Powells Lake). Finally, at the end of the Miocene, in the Yorktown, came the same beds of large Pectinidae, gigantic Mercenaria, and a multitude of species of AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 333 all sizes and families, always indicative of an exuberant life as in the present-day tropical seas. The water of that epoch was no longer cold. After a marly episode in which the Chamas and Crepidulas flourished, one sees, as I have already written, the marine facies becoming more and more episodic as one goes higher in the series; continental interelations slip into the layers and finally the last beds of Chama congregata give place to azoic red sands. The end of the Miocene is written in the cliffs of Carter's Grove, as in Europe the end comes in the terminal series of the Tortonian, the brackish conditions of the Sarmatian and the continental formations of the Pontian. But equivalents cannot be drawn between the continents. During the Miocene, as at the present time, Europe and America formed two different zoological and climatic provinces, and analogies are both dangerous and useless. In America there is certainly a stage of the Burdigalian age, another that may be Helvetian and another which corresponds to the terminal Vindobonian, but it is difficult to say whether the stages of Chesapeake Bay correspond to the principal stages of Europe. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbott, R. Tucker 1954. American sea shells. Pp. 541, Van Nostrand Co., New York. Buequoy, E., Dautzenberg, Ph., and Dollfus, G. F. 1882-1898. Les Mollusques du Roussillon. T. 1. fase. I-XIIl, Gasteropodes, 570 p., 66 pls. (1882); t. Il, Pelecypodes, 884 p., 99 pls. Combaluzier, Ch. 1932. Le Miocene de la Basse Provence. Thése, Bull. Carte Géol. France, tis 35), INOS EAs Conrad, T. A. 1832. Fossil shells of the Tertiary formation of North America, illustrated by figures drawn on stone from nature. Philadelphia, 45 p., vol. I, pt. 1-2, 3-4 (republished by Harris, 1893), 121 p., 20 pls. 1838-40. Fossils of the Medial Tertiary of the United States, No. 1 (repub- lished by Dall, 1893), 136 p., XLIX pls. Cooke, C. W., Gardner, J., and Woodring, W. P. 1943. Correlation of the Cenozote formations of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain and the Caribbean Region. Geol. Soc. Amer., Bull., vol. 54, p. 1713-1723. Cossmann, M., and Peyrot, A. 1909-22. Canchologie néogénique de |’ Aquitaine. Ext. Act. Soc. Linnéenne de Bordeaux. Pélécypodes. In tomes 63-66, 68. Scaphopodes et Gas- tropodes. In tomes 69,73. Uo Oo oy Dall, W. H. 1890-1903. 1904. BULLETIN 180 Contributions to the Tertiary fauna of Florida with especial reference to the Miocene Silex-beds of Tampa and the Pliocene beds of the Caloosahatchee River. Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III, pls. I-VI, 1654 p., LX pls. Miocene deposit in Maryland (in Maryland Geological Survey). Mary- land Geol. Sur., p. CX XIX-CLV. Dollfus, G. F., and Dautzenberg, Ph. 1920. Conchyliologie du Miocene moyen du bassin de la Loire. Mém. Soc. Géol. France, t. 22, No. 27. Frizzell, Don L. 1936. Gardner, J. STIS). SS)N7/. 1924. 1926. 1943-48. Glenn, L. C. 1904. Glibert, M. 1945. Grant, U.S. 1931. Heilprin, A. 1880. Hinsch, W. 1953. Hoernes, H. 1856, 70. Bull. Mus. Preliminary reclassification of Veneracean pelecypods. roy. d’Hist. nat. Belgique, XII, No. 34, 84 p. Relation of the late Tertiary faunas of the Yorktown and Duplin formations. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, March, p. 305-10. The environment of the Tertiary marine faunas of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Johns Hopkins Univ. Circular, n.s. No. 293, p. 36-44. Coastal plain and European Miocene and Pliocene mollusks. Geol. Soc. America., Bull., vol. 35, p. 857-66. The molluscan fauna of the Alum Bluff group of Florida. U.S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Pap. 142-A, pts. I-IV, 184 pp., XX VII pls. Mollusca from the Miocene and lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina. Two parts, 1. Pelecypoda; 2. Scaphopoda and Gastropoda. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Pap. No. 199 A and B, p. 179-310, pl. 24-38. Systematic paleontology, Miocene. Pelecypoda. Maryland Geol. Sur., Miocene., p. 274-401, pls. LX V-CVIII. Faune malacologique du Miocéne de la Belgique. I. Pélécypodes. Mém. Mus. roy. dHist. nat. Belgique, 103, 266 p., XII pls. IV, and Gale, H. R. Catalogue of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of Cali- fornia. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Mem., vol. 1, 1035 p., 32 pls. On the stratigraphical evidence afforded by the Tertiary fossils of the peninsula of Maryland. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. 32, p. 20-33. Leitende Molluskengruppen im Obermiozin und Unterpliocan des Ostlichen Nordseebeckens. Amt. fir Bodenforschung von. Hann- over, t. 67, p. 143-194, 3 pl., 11 fig., 1 tab. (Geologisches Jahrbuch, t. 67 Geologischen Landesalt. Bundesrepuglik Deutschl.) Die fossilen Mollusken des Tertiaer-Beckens von Wien. 1. Unt- valven, 736 p., 52 pls. Il. Brvalven, 479 p., 85 pls. im Abh. K.-K. Geol. Reich. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 435 Ijspeert, C. 1942. Monographie der Miozdnen Taxodonten Bivalven aus dem Peelgebiete (Die Niederlande). Med. van de Netherl. Geol. Sticht., ser. C, IINZ, HE IN@; ie Kautsky, F. 1925-27. Die boreale und mediterrane provinz des europaischen Miocdns und ibre beziehungen zu den gleichalterigen Ablagerungén Amerikas. Mitt. Geol. Gesellsch., Wien., vol. 18. Keen, A. M., and Frizzell, Don. L. 1939. Illustrated key to west North American pelecypod genera. Stanford Univ. Press, 28 p. 1951. Outline of a proposed classification of the pelecypod family V eneridae. Minutes 113, Conch. Club of S. California, 10 p., Sept. Lamotte, M. 1948. Introduction ala biologie quantitative. Masson. Paris. Lecointre (Ctesse) 1909. Essai de comparaison entre la faune de faluns du Miocéne de Touraine et la faune du Miocéne de U. S. A. One vol. in 8°, 69 p. Leriche, M. 1940. Le synchronisme des formations miocénes des 2 cétés de I’ Atlantique. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 6 Mai, t. 210, p. 648-9. Lonsdale, W. 1845. Indications of climate afforded by Miocene corals of Virginia. App. Quart. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 1, p. 427-9. Lyell, CH. 1845. On the Miocene Tertiary strata of Maryland, Virginia, and of North and South Carolina. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. I, p. 413- 427. Mansfield, W. C. 1927. Some peculiar fossils from Maryland. U.S. Nat. Museum, Proc., vol. Wil; Bats 16, D [Do D jalle 1929. The Chesapeake Miocene basin of sedimentation as expressed in the new geologic map of Virginia. Washington Acad. Sci., Jour., vol. WS, IN@, 13, 1929. New fossil mollusks from the Miocene of Virginia and North Caro- lina, with a brief outline of the divisions of the Chesapeake group. UirS> Nats Muss) Procs voll 74) art. 1485 11 p, 1936. Stratigraphic significance of Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene Pecti- nidae in southeastern U. S. Jour. Paleont., vol. 10, No. 3, p. 168- WO. 1937. A new subspecies of Pecten from the upper Miocene of North Caro- lina. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 27, No. 1, p. 10-12, 3 figs. Martin, G. C. 1904. Systematic paleontology, the Miocene. Cephalopoda-Scaphopoda. Maty- land Geol. Sur., Miocene, p. 130-271, pls. XX XIV-LXIV. 336 BULLETIN 180 MeLean, J. D. Jr. 1956. The Foraminifera of the Yorktown formation in the York-James Peninsula of Virginia, with notes on the associated mollusks. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 36, No. 160, p. 256-394, 4 fig., pl. 35-53. 1957. The Ostracoda of the Yorktown formation in the York-James Penin- sula of Virginia (with notes on the collection made by Denise Mongin from the area). Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 38, No. 167, p. 57-103, 12 pl. Marwick, J. 1927. The Veneridae of New Zealand. Trans. Proc. N. Z. Inst., vol. 57, Pp. 567-635, 54 pl. Mongin, D. 1948-52. Gastropodes et lamellibranches du Burdigalien de Provence. Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist: Nat. Paris. sci. (©. Sci: Terre, t) IL, fase. 2. pps 27 al235Sy es) lecatteovpl: Nicol, D. 1952. A rare Tertiary glycymerid from South Carolina and Florida. Wash- ington Acad. Sci., Jour., vol. 42, No. 11, p. 362-3, 1 fig. 1952. A study of the polymorphic species Glycymeris americana. Jout. Paleont., 1953, vol. 27, No. 3, p. 451-5. 1952-53. Period of existence of some late Cenozoic pelecypods. Jour. Paleont., vol. 27, 1953, No. 5, p. 706-7. 1954. Growth and decline of populations and the distribution of marine pelecypods. Jour. Paleont., vol. 28, No. 1, p. 22-25, 2 fig. Nyst, P. H. 1843. Description des coquilles et polypiers fossiles des terrains tertiaires de la Belgique. P. 697, XV pls. Olsson, A. 1914. New and interesting Miocene fossils from the Atlantic coastal Plain. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 5, No. 24, 30 p., 5 pls. 1916. New Miocene fossils. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 5, No. 28, 32 p., 3 pls. Palmer, K. V. W. 1927-29. The Veneridae of eastern America, Cenozoic and Recent. Paleont. Americana, vol. 1, No. 5, p. 209-522, 45 pls. Pelseneer, Paul 1935. Essai d’Ethologie Zoologique d’aprés I’ étude des Mollusques. Brux- elles Acad. roy. Belgique, 662 p. Powell, A. W. B. 1946. The shell-fish of New Zealand. One vol., 106 p., 26 pl. Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd., 2d ed. Roger, J. 1939. Le genre Chlamys dans les formations Néogénes del’ Europe. Mém., Soc. Géol. France, 40, 294 p., X XXIII pls. Rogers, W. B. 1836. Report of the geological reconnaissance of the state of Virginia. Phila- delphia, 143 p. AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 337 Sacco, F. 1890-1906. I. Molluschi dei terreni terziarti del Piemonte e della Liguria (with Bellardi). Schoonover, L. M. 1941. A stratigraphic study of the mollusks of the Calvert and Choptank formations of southeastern Maryland. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 25, No. 94B, 135 p., 12 pls. Sheldon, P. G. 1916. Atlantic slope Arcas. Paleont. Americana, vol. 1, No. 1, 104 p., 16 pls. Soot-Ryen, T. 1932. Pelecypoda, with a discussion of possible migrations of Arctic pelecy- pods in Tertiary times. The Norwegian North Polar Exped. with the “Maud”, 1918-25. Scientific Results, vol. 5, No. 12, 35 p., 2 pl. Bergen. Stefanini, G. 1924. Relations between American and European Tertiary echinoid faunas. Geol. Soc. America, Bull., vol. 35, p. 827-46. Stephenson, L. W., Cooke, C. W., and Mansfield, W. C. 1933. Chesapeake Bay region. Internat. Cong. 16th Guide book 5, p. 27-8, tiga as Stewart, R. B. 1930. Gabb’s California Cretaceous and Tertiary type lamellibranchs. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Sp. Pub., No. 3, 314 p. 117 pls. Tasch, P. 1953. Causes and paleoecological significance of dwarfed fossil marine in- vertebrates. Jour. Paleont. vol. 27, No. 3, p. 336-44. Thiele, J. 1931-1935. Handbuch des systematischen weichtierkunde. 1: Gastropoda, t. Lamellibranchiata, t. II, 1154 p., 897 figs. Tucker-Rowland, H. I. 1934. Some Atlantic Coast Tertiary Pectinidae. Amer. Midland Naturalist, WO, IS; INO, D> 7, Gil2G2i1, pls, XOOV NOOVIUL. 1936. Atlantic and Gulf Coast Tertiary Pectinidae of the U. S. Amer. Mid- land Naturalist., vol. 17, No. 6, p. 985-1017, pls. 5-10. 1938. Atlantic and Gulf Coast Tertiary Pectinidae of the U. S. Mém. roy. d'Hist. Nat. Belgique, ser. 2, fasc. 13, 76 p. VI pls. Vaughan, T. W. 1924. Criteria and status of correlation and classification of Tertiary deposits. Geol. Soc. of America, Bull., vol. 35, p. 677-742. Woodring, W. P. 1924. West Indian, Central American, and European Miocene and Pliocene mollusks. Geol. Soc. America, Bull., vol. 35, p. 867-886. 1924. Tertiary history of the North Atlantic Ocean. Geol. Soc. Amer., Bull., vol. 35, p. 425-435. 1943. With Cooke, C. W., Gardner, J., which see. SS ee «=| CS . g - _ ave * ~ ie hee no : REATES 340 BULLETIN 180 Explanation of Plate 24 Figure Page ta-d: Area (Anadamra)) 1domea) Commetliccsscc-cccccoscsce-cesescc-oosessssnessosensseenesneneaes 287 Natural size, St. Marys formation, St. Marys River, Va. la. Left valve. 1b. two valves connected. 1c. Hinge of a shell of Jones Point, Va. 1d. Hinge of a shell of St. Marys River, Md. Coll. U. S.N. M. Za-b, Area) (Anadara)) Stamina Saye. sc-.---ccc-cesconesasecaceecerso.snccecreesecseseentaceressO)) Natural size, Choptank formation, zone 19, Chesapeake Bay, Md. 2a. Right valve. 2b. Hinge of the same. Coll. U. S. N. M. 3a-bs, LSoenomon) mail aban Wamocin Cee ccenecessees nsecee soeseeaeneseece ee eateeeeeeatennesesaeares 294 Size: x 14 Choptank formation, zone 17, Calvert Beach, Md. 3a. Two valves connected. 3b. Ligamental area of a left valve. Coll. U.S. N. M. 498.450. BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 PLATE 24 ub Ag: 4 iP af jie Hil Aut iy Ms \\ BuLu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 PLATE 25 Ww ys fs AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN Explanation of Plate 25 Figure Page ae CCLEMM NUMA ENSU) COMM AM aa -tscceests--0res-sensosteeossttsscctvescecevosseoncersncsoteo-0e- 29 Size: x 2, young specimen. Calvert formation, Plum Point, Md., right valve. la: exterior view; 1b: interior view. Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. Wash., ID). G5 INO, BuG7/. Pele eee OMLANNY: SHRCLIRG OMEN (SS Eliya) ececsecaese--ne-cccvos2=-8s--rencvose ss. -ccaecoseovessnssacsecessvorsaces 9299 Natural size. Yorktown formation, Yorktown, Va. 2a., 2c. Right valves, exterior and interior view. 2b, 2d. Left valves, exterior and interior view. GollUaSs Naty Muss Wash. Di GE: SECM OMAN YS 5 ONLY OMIA LAID alll erccctsccosccaresseesecssassccesuosccrestece+s-ssscesssosrevssenseees UO) Paratypes. Natural size, Chipola beds, Fla. 3, a-b. Left valve, exterior and interior view. 3 c-d. Right valve, exterior and interior view. Collll, W. So INBig Mitts, Wada, 1D), (Ca, ING, QAI. 342 BULLETIN 180 Explanation of Plate 26 Figure Page 1a=b. Chiamys madiSomia (Say )ecccceseccceececscce-creoncevisescecerssercteoseoce -eredteceeeaceen=eeeee oO) Large specimens, natural size. Choptank formation, Governor Run, Md. 1a. Hinge of the left valve. 1b. Hinge of the right valve. CollBUNSSINat Muss Wash DG Nomle7,9» 2a-h. Chilamys madisomia (Say) 2i--s--.cess:0cc-2c-ccee-ccsesczescecensesctsssectee eecenaeeeeeeee 309 Young specimens, natural size, Calvert formation, Plum Point, Md. 2a, 2b, 2h. Right valves. 2c, 2d, 2f, 2g. Left valves. To compare with: Chlamys radians Nyst figured im J. Roger, 1939, pl. 17, fig. 9; in M. Glibert, 1945, pl. 3, fig. 5, 72 Mongin, 1952, pl. 4, fig. 3; and with C. senfensis Lamarck figured 7 Dollfus and Dautzenberg, 1920, pl. 37, fig. 8 to 19. 2e. Left valve, to compare with Chlamys angelonii caillaudi Nyst, figured 7» Glibert, 1945, pl. IV, fig. 2f. PLATE 26 BuLL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 PLATE 27 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 AMER.-EUROPEAN MIOCENE LAMELLIBRANCHS: MONGIN 343 Explanation of Plate 27 Figure Page flee CLIT ANNU SAAC ANUS y GINEWS tp) see ccna costes ce csceeseee chee ene ceansce he ceevanemecnsteieeer co Size: x 34, middle Burdigalien, Lavalduc, Bouches-du-Rhone, France, right valve. To compare with C. madisonia (Say), young specimens, Pl. 26. Coll. Lab. Géol. Univ. Marseille, France. Reprint of Mongin, 1952, pl. 4, fig. 3a. ee OULATINY,S) MACS OM A (IS Aya) ce cesseecacectetec snc cce-&. foe cuca snveteaeeeoecscceuasesscasssertse OO Young Specimen, much enlarged, showing striae and scales of the ribs. Calvert formation, Plum Point, Md. Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. Wash. SCO ANINYS MJOMLONSOMLAy Seiya) is-ce-s soeesace cee cee veceest eaeesceceerooevaesssesteazes nezeeese BOO Size: x Y%4, Yorktown formation, Kingsmill, Williamburg, Va. Left valve. Coll. P. R. I. Ithaca, N. Y. No. 25350 4a-d. Gilossus fratermus carolinusS ( Dal] ).............:.cc1ccscccescceccescceccessceeceseenceeeee QQ) Size: x 14, Yorktown formation, Rappahannock R., Va. 4a. Left valve, exterior view. 4b. Left interior view. 4c. Beak view of the left valve. 4d. Hinge of the right valve. Goll] U2S2 Nat] Mus Wash... D=G, Nos 8179: All pictures were taken by R. Main, in the Department of Paleontology U. S. National Museum Washington, D. C. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVIE. XXVIII. XXIX, XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXII. XXXIV. XXXYV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX. Volume I. Il. 1. 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For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place Ithaca, New York US.A. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vol. 39 No. 181 NAMES OF AND VARIATION IN CERTAIN INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS By W. STORRS COLE Cornell University and U. S. Geological Survey May 8, 1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U. S. A. Likrary of Congress Catalog Card Number: GS 59-301 MUS. COMP. ZOOL LIBRARY MAY 1 81959 HAS ¥SRD UNIVERSITY Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Page JEN BUHISRTUCTE 45a ON cee ee RS cee gore eer Cee EPC CROC ee nee ea ee 349 TEL OC MIGUtIOMmmrne eee eter IE ee ere O ob fe Cn PRLS oe AU bal aN Aen ea 349 EO CANT HL eStart = oom eee ere a ee tt ete Stare ed. feae A ce Pa Abe ee mneemaees cae 350 Status of the generic names Operculina, Operculinella, and Operculinoides ....... 55k Status of species Operculina ammonoides and Operculina Ven0Sa oo... cece 353 Stratigraphic range of Operculina ammonoides and Operculina venoSa .............. 353 COLO Sy MP aeteeee cee Nests Se er an AS ee RnR Ces hs oe Sele Se Te ce RON oo Sag Pern 354 WES Chip ONTOS PEGI eStats ee ater cna eer tare eee Any ort ania cee te noe 355 Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius) .................. Pore he ee A ENO G Operculina bartschi Cushman. ....... eS oe ie ERE, Ser oe ee note 360 Operculinatcomplanata (Wettrance)) <.5..gee. eietecn igs vests eats see th eee 361 Openewivaapenonaa (aichtelwatyceN{oll)) pees ere ee eee 361 iL mhaevieuaunes fo iweral\. 3 SAS ers weet ca one i ne nea.) Mt ane ee oO R.. 2 Danny prey me 364 Ra) 7 \ NAMES OF AND VARIATION IN CERTAIN INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS* W. Storrs COLE Cornell University and U. S. Geological Survey ABSTRACT Operculinella Yabe (1918) and Operculinoides Hanzawa (1935) are demon- strated by the variation which occurs in the species Operculina ammonoides (Gro- novius) and O. venosa (Fichtel and Moll) to be synonyms of Operculina d’Orbigny, 1826. The generic and specific names which have been applied to these two Indo- Pacific species are discussed. These species occur abundantly in warm water at various localities in the Indo-Pacific area at depths of 8 to 62 fathoms. The species O. bartschi Cushman and O. complanata (Defrance) are introduced for comparison with the other two species. INTRODUCTION Yabe (1918, p. 126) erected the generic name Operculinella based on the species “Nwmmutlites’ cumingi (Carpenter) (1895). Later, Hanzawa (1935, p. 18) gave the generic name Operculinoides to certain species from America which had been assigned previously to the genus Operculina. Operculina willcoxi (Heilprin) was designated by Hanzawa as the type species. Although Operculinoides was accepted immediately and widely used in America, the name Operculinella has had less acceptance. Glaessner (1945, p. 174) wrote: “Operculiella Yabe, 1918, has recently been restricted to a rare form (O. cumingii Carpenter s. str.) with a high flange of flat semi-circular evolute chambers (Hanzawa, 1939). Cole (1953, p. 33) stated “Operculimella is not a valid subgenus as its broadly flaring, complanate border is a gerontic development . . . Median and transverse sections cannot be distinguished from similar sections of various species assigned to Operculinoides.” Barker (1939, p. 308) wrote: “I am not yet convinced as to the advisability of splitting up the group into so many genera, as in all cases forms can be found intergrading from one so-called genus into another.” Although Barker made this dissent, these generic names have been used to the present. *Publication authorized by the Director, U. S. Geological Survey. The cost of the printed plates was supplied by the William F. E. Gurley Foundation for paleon- tology of Cornell University. 350 BULLETIN 181 During the past several years numerous collections by field parties of the U. S. Geological Survey from various Pacific islands have become avail- able for study. As certain of these samples contained abundant and often well-preserved specimens of camerinids, it was important to identify these specimens correctly. Moreover, it was discovered that many of the fossil specimens were similar to, if not identical with, species still living in the Indo-Pacific region. Therefore, a two-fold problem arose as confusion existed not only at the generic Jevel, but also at the specific cne. Authors have in many instances used the specific names O. venosa and O. cumingi interchange- ably, and specimens of the variable species O. ammonoides have been assigned numerous names including O. venosa. Therefore, it became desirable to study as many Recent specimens as possible. Through the kindness of Dr. G. Arthur Cooper specimens which Cushman (1921, p. 383) identified as Operculina venosa from the Philip- pine and adjacent seas were made available from the collections of the U. S. National Museum. Moreover, two of the original Albatross samples were sent so that specimens for thin sections could be obtained. Mrs. Esther R. Applin sent a sample from Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, and she kindly gave permission to use this material. In addition, fossil material was available from several localities in other island groups. The various localities used in this study follow: LOCALITIES Recent material Locality 1. Albatross station D 5141, latitude 6° 09’ 00” N., longitude 120° 58’ 00” E., at a depth of 29 fathoms. 2. Albatross station D 5142, latitude 6° 06’ 10” N., longitude 121° 02’ 40” E., at a depth of 21 fathoms, 3. Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, through the courtesy of Mrs. Esther R. Applin. Fossil material 4. Station IS-F 3104-56, Ishigaki-shima, Yaeyama-guntd Rytkya-retto; deposit of gray sandy clay exposed in the north bank of the east branch of the Nagura-gawa about 2.45 miles from the mouth of the river. The clay deposit INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS: COLE 25) is overlain unconformably by coarse stream terrace deposits of Recent age. About a 7 foot section of clay is exposed and the base was not seen. The clay has conspicuous vertt- cal joints spaced 1 to 4 feet apart. (Grid location: Army Map Service L 791, Sheet 2920 111 is 195993). 5. Station IS-M-149-56, Ishigaki-shima, Yaeyama-gunto, Ryd- kya-rett6; small patch of Rydkyd limestone 1.1 mile north of the village of Kainan along the west bank of the upper course of the Miyara-gawa in central Ishigaki-shima. The exposure extends from the level of the stream channel to about 50 feet above the channel. The limestone is either plastered against or interfingered with unfossiliferous terrace gravels called the Nagura gravel (Grid location: Army Map Service L 791, Sheet 2920 111 1s 224995). 6. Nakdshi, Haneji-mura, Okinawa-jima, through the courtesy of the late T. Wayland Vaughan (reference: Yabe and Hanzawa, 1925, p. 39). 7. Dyaing Langit, Tabalong District, southeastern Borneo, collected by A. Tobler, through the courtesy of the late T. Wayland Vaughan (reference: Douvillé, 1905, p. 448). 8. L 444, Oneata, Lau Islands, Fiji (reference: Ladd and Hoffmeister, 1945, p. 90). The specimens used in this study will be deposited in the U. S. National Museum. STATUS OF THE GENERIC NAMES OPERCULINA, OPERCULINELLA AND OPERCULINOIDES Operculinella Yabe (1918, p. 126) is assumed to be involute in the initial stage and develops later a broadly flaring complanate border. Ex- amination of numerous specimens of Operculinella cumingi (= O. venosa) from the Albatross material demonstrated that the majority of the specimens are completely involute and without a rim (fig. 14, Pl. 28). Some specimens develop a slight rim (fig. 13, Pl. 28) and exceptional specimens develop a wide rim (fig. 17, Pl. 28; Hanzawa, 1939, pl. 15, figs. 6-8). In all of these specimens the alar prolongations extend to the umbilical plugs (figs: 1,.2, 11, 13, 14; Pl. 29). 352 BULLETIN 181 Typical specimens of Operculinella cumingit (= O. venosa) do not differ, either in external appearance or in internal structure, from Oper- culinoitdes willcoxi (Heilprin) which is the type species of Operculinoides Hanzawa (1935). Moreover, specimens which have been referred tradi- tionally to Operculinoides develop a marked rim which is similar in every respect to the one shown by exceptional specimens of the type species of Operculinella (see: Vaughan and Cole, 1941, figs. 4, 9, pl. 9; Cole, 19582, figs. 5, 6, pl. 29). Thus, there does not appear to be any valid criteria by which Operculinella and Operculinoides can be distinguished from each other. Typical specimens assigned to Operculina complanata (fig. 16, Pl. 29) are evolute, and there are no alar prolongations. The earlier whorls are not separated from each other by a cavity but are covered by a solid layer. However, in certain species, as Operculina ammonoides, individuals from a single population run the gamut from those which resemble Opercul- moides (figs. 8, 10, Pl. 29) with elongate alar prolongations to others with short alar prolongations (fig. 6, Pl. 29) to others which are entirely com- parable to Operculina (figs. 3, 12, Pl. 29). As there is complete gradation in a single species from Operculinoides to Operculina, it is apparent that only one genus can be recognized. The kind of coiling, therefore, in the genus Operculina can not be used as one of the diagnostic features of the genus. However, the tendency of the individuals of a single species to maintain one or the other kinds of coiling may be used as a specific character. Thus, the individuals of a given species may be involute normally, whereas in another species they may be evolute, and, finally, other species may have individuals which grade from those which are involute to others which are evolute. The test of involute species of Operculina of the kind of O. venosa does not differ fundamentally from that of Camerina. The only criterion which is of importance in separating the two genera is the increase in height of the chambers of the median section in Opercwlina, whereas those of Camerina increase gradually in height but never have a marked increase. Although Planocamerinoides Cole (1958, p. 262) (= Assilina of authors) is defined as possessing an evolute test, there are indications that in some species assigned to this genus there is intergradation from evolute individuals to involute ones (Gill, 1953, pl. 13, figs. 15, 16, 19.) There- fore, it is probable that Planocamerinoides will prove to be a synonym of US) INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS: COLE 35 Camerina. If this is so, the parallelism in the development of the test will be the same in Camerina as it is in Operculina. STATUS OF THE SPECIES OPERCULINA AMMONOIDES AND OPERCULINA VENOSA The confusion in the use of the specific names O. ammonoides and O. venosa will be discussed in the systematic part of this article. At this point the question may be raised whether there are two species or one inasmuch as certain specimens (figs. 1, 15, Pl. 28) assigned to O. am- monoides resemble others (fig. 14, Pl. 28) referred to O. venosa. Examination of populations which were available, as well as those described in the literature, has shown that the involute, unornamented specimens of O. ammonoides are normally accompained by evolute, highly ornamented specimens. However, the populations of O. venosa which have been examined do not have evolute, highly ornamented specimens associated with the involute specimens. If only a single specimen of the involute kind were available, par- ticularly in thin section, it would be difficult to differentiate between O. venosa and O. ammonoides. However, if abundant specimens are available, the variability of coiling in O. ammonoides should make it readily identt- fiable. Moreover, if well-preserved, involute specimens are available, it is comparatively easy to distinguish the two species. O. venosa has heavy, limbate sutures which have a marked recurvature at their distal ends, whereas the sutures of O. ammonoides appear as much lighter lines across the surface of the test and they do not have the marked distal recurvature. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE OF OPERCULINA AMMONOIDES AND OPERCULINA VENOSA Douvillé (1905, p. 448) identified specimens from Borneo as Oper- culina niast (Verbeek). These specimens were associated with Lepido- cyclina and Miogypsina in sediments which are assigned to Tertiary f. Fortunately, the late T. Wayland Vaughan had given me a small, but apparently representative collection of these specimens, four of which are tllustrated| (fie. 6, Pl, 28); fis: 7, Pl. 29); fies6, 7, Pl. 31). 354 BULLETIN 181 These evolute specimens are not only identical with certain specimens referred to the evolute kind of O. ammonoides, but also later examination of the sample demonstrated that they were accompanied by several spect- mens of the involute kind. Cole (1957, p. 330) found Operculina ammonoides in samples from Saipan Island in strata assigned to Tertiary e. Therefore, this species ranges in the Pacific area from Tertiary e (lower Miocene) to Recent. Operculina venosa (= O. cumingi1) occurs on Guam Island in association with Lepidocyclina and Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) in strata which are assigned to Tertiary f (middle Miocene) (Cole, ms.). This species has been recorded elsewhere from Tertiary f strata of the Lau Islands, Fiji (Cole, 1945, p. 276). ECOLOGY, Chapman and Parr (1938, p. 291) wrote: “This species (O. ammo- noides) is widely distributed in shallow water in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. On the Barrier Reef, it appears to be found in shallower water than O. bartschi.”’ If the data given by Cushman (1921) are analyzed (Table 1), it appears that in the Philippine and adjacent seas the average depth of occurrence of the two species is approximately the same. In this area the average depth for O. ammonoides 1s 28 fathoms, whereas O. bartschi occurred at an average depth of 31 fathoms. O. venosa occurred in this same area at an average depth of 19 fathoms. From the limited data available it appears that all three species develop best in shallow, warm water of the Indo-Pacific area. The fossil specimens of O. ammonoides from locality 4 were accom- panied by rare specimens of Baculogypsinoides spinosus Yabe and Han- zawa, Calcarina spengleri (Gmelin), and Heterostegina suborbicularis d’Orbigny. The fossil specimens of O. complanata from locality 5 were associated with extremely rare specimens of Amphistegina madagascariensis d’Orbigny and Baculogypsinoides spinosus Yabe and Hanzawa. The average depth at which Heferostegia occurred in the vicinity of Bikini and the Philippine Islands was 25 to 32 fathoms (Cole, 1958 c, p. 750). These data check closely with depth occurrence of the Operculina. In the Albatross samples numerous Hetlerostegina suborbicularis occur with O. venosa. z PP) INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS: COLI PT6L ‘uewmysny ( SEG ‘eMvzueH ( SC6L “eg pu urwidey) ( €€61 “JAYJOH ‘ IZ6I ‘ur wysny 6L (swroyies) quanbasj JO WUOWUWIOD payodas yoy yw yydop aFvIDAY éS-6L 99-86 LE-6L (swoy ys) juanbaly IO UOWUWOD payrodas YoTyM ev syjydap wun xXeur pue WMUTUTYy OL quanbary JO UOWUWIOD poyodar yOTyM ye SOT} ]LIOT jo Joquinny COLT EC pce (swoy}ry) tadap WINUUTXPYY ST OT OL (swoyyes) adap TONUWITUT YA oe) co OL Oc SOTPTLIO] jo Joquinn (1) LLE “d (5)8L ‘d (c)06 “9 ‘d (1) 08€ ‘d (5)8L ‘d (¢)667 “d (z)P¥I id (q)P8¢ “d IUIIIFIY Seige manbooaoscdoecsQG500 sapl satadg 7g95140q °O OUOMUMP ‘QC psouad ‘OC svas yUaOY UT aduaTINIIO Jo syydaq—T Iqr,L 356 BULLETIN 181 DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES Family Camerinidae Genus Opereulina d’Orbigny, 1826 Operculina ammonoides (Gronoyius ) Pie28) fies) It eles figs. 3-10; 12:15: Pl. 30, figs. 2-8> Plt 31, fiesason 1781. Nautilus ammonoides Gronovius, Zooph. Gron., p. 282, pl. 19, figs. 5, 6. 1924. Operculina gaimairdi AOrbigny, Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington, v. Dil, jay SW), pl, TE tie. Th 1924. Operculinella venosa Cushman, non Fichtell and Moll, idem, p. 50, 51, pl. N75 hake Te 1925. Operculina (Operculinella) venosa Yabe and Hanzawa, non Fichtel and Moll, Tohoku Imp. Univ., Sci. Rep., 2d ser. (Geol.), v. 7, No. 2, p. 49-51, pl. 5, figs. 1-27; pl. 6, figs. 1-5; pl. 7, figs. 1-10. 1935. Operculinella venosa Hanzawa, non Fichtel and Moll, Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2d\ ser: ((Geol!),-vs 18, No: 1, -p.-23,, pli-1h figs. 31-41- 1938. Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius), Chapman and Parr, Roy. Soc. Vic- toria, Proc., v. 50, Pt. 1, nm. ser., p. 290-292, pl. 17, figs. 12-16, text fig. 5 (additional references). 1939. Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius), Hanzawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geog., v. 16, Nos. 3, 4, p. 229) 230; pli 15; figs. 1a 0; 3a, b; 4,5, 10: plo 165 tes: 3-7 1953. Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius), Carter, Journ. Paleont., v. 27, No. 2, p. 240, 241, pl. 34, figs. 4-6. 1953. Operculina complanata japonica Carter, non Hanzawa, idem, p. 241-250, pl. 33, figs. 1-12; pl. 34, figs. 7, 8. 1957. Operculinoides sp., Puri, Paleont. Soc. India, v. 2, p. 104, pl. 12, figs. 6-8. 1957. Operculina sp., Puri, idem, p. 105, pl. 13, figs. 1-4. 1957. Operculinoides sp., Puri, idem, p. 105, pl. 13, figs. 5-8. The illustrations show the external appearance and internal structure of specimens assigned to this species. In most cases thin sections were prepared from each of the variants. In the explanation of the plates a reference is given after each thin section to the variant which duplicates the external appearance of the specimen from which the thin section was made. Measurements of the specimens which are illustrated follow in Tables 2-4. Discussion.—Y abe and Hanzawa (1925, p. 49) discussed this species under the name Operculina (Operculinella) venosa (Fichtel and Moll) and illustrated Recent specimens from Apia Harbor, Uporu, Samoa Islands, and fossil specimens from Nakoshi, Haneji-mura, Okinawa-jima. These excellent photomicrographs conclusively demonstrate the gradation from slightly evolute, unornamented specimens to those which are evolute and highly ornamented. Later, Hanzawa (1935, p. 23) gave under the name Operculinella venosa another excellent series of photomicrographs which illustrate the variable characters of this species. 357 COLE INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS L 9 Ppepreq P2epeeq P2ePpveq poster P2preq Poster Pepreq :pasivy | ‘postey | ‘pasrey JON Spasrer | AYsI[S | ‘pasiey ARYSIS JPN[OAT ON]OAT ONOAY ONOAT 9}N][OAD oyNOAUT ONOAY Apysts 8°Z 91 SI CHT ii aa at or¢ S61 07 8°Z Cie an 6O'Z 9 'SIq | € Sq | - SA | 6d | 2 Bq | St “Sta | ¢ “Sty 8Z ‘Id pepeeq ATWYSI]S + pastes ON, ayNJOAT COKE pastes }0ON aynyoaa ARYSITS pasrer ON ayNJOAUT FOR Sern oaecaaae ae ree AyyeI07] SoINjNS JO Jo}IVIVY) Surflod jo odAy WPL wu WsIIH uouwoads aouvivaddy [vusayxa Joy pasn saprouowmup ‘GQ Jo suautrads Jo sjuaWomsvay— TZ F14¥L 09 0c OS X OF cy BULLETIN 181 aynypoay L “SIq T€ ‘Id Ww isa) c¢ Ic OL “AE OOT CL X OF OS 61 COC dNJOAT 9 “SI LE oT OL X 0€ c9 SCal Fit aynjoag 8y 6L Ge X 07 O¢ ian ool aynyoag € ‘Sy y OL €¢ TY S72 C7 CZ LZ SL 8 6 OL OL Ay AE b ¢ OLl OTL OOL OST 08 X O¢ O8 X OF 06 X O€ OTT X OS 09 OL 09 08 Gi LOT CZ 6O'L 697 961 SL'Z 61 ayNOAT 9yNjOAd aNOAT ON]OAUT Afyyst]s 8 S17 ¢ “SIy 9 “Sry @ “Sry Geeta: SaplouowuluPy *C) JO SUOT}IAS UVIPSUT JO syUdWAdINsvayY—¢ I]qe], AWTIOT sJaquivy> jo Joqunu ]v}0], uornyoa jeuy ur soquiey) uornyjoa ysIy Url stoquivyy “SUOTINIOA JO JOquun Ny nN staquivy>d y4}oq SsOIDv JDUL}STG (Le Pas Joquivy) puodas Jo JajoueIq ln saaine qJoquiey> Jeiur jo Jojoweiq :slaquivy> ITUOAIquIT uu eee eee eens YIpILA wu Ws Tee a jSo} JO pulryy uawdads 259 9 v ¢ ccc tere eee eee c cress sseesane Ay[eo0T O1L O9T OST O€T OI O9T OST OS OST OSE? es ace aaa ssnjd [vuoquin jo JoJowviqd 9¢°0 spo | 990 | 990 | €8'0 BO | 260 | EEO 18°0 60), sur = ssUy ITY, Col yl ly se ICT C1'Z (he ic 88'I Oi | SUTUEe ecan ies WYsIOH GAGE | GIT G7 HSIN AIL IP MSIe eee I ale Phe || OP AGE GS Seles OID Rehgay|| YE ehiey Pees sn uated 67 ‘Id 0€ ‘Id INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS: COLE SIPLOUOWUWWUP °C) JO SUOTIIIS ISTIASURI} JO SJUIWIINSVIP— YP FTIR L 360 BULLETIN 181 Chapman and Parr (1938, p. 290) correctly recognized that the Recent and fossil specimens which Yabe and Hanzawa referred to O. venosa should be assigned to Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius) . Hanz- awa (1939) accepted the conclusion of Chapman and Parr regarding the specimens which previously had been assigned to O. venosa. However, Hanzawa (1939, p. 230) included questionably in the synonyms of O. ammonoides specimens which Chapman and Parr (1938, pl. 27, figs. 21, 22) identified as Operculinella venosa. Moreover, he did not accept the conclusion of Chapman and Parr (1938, p. 293) that O. cumingii was a synonym of O. venosa. Authors included under O. ammonoides specimens from the Atlantic Ocean which Cushman (1931, p. 108) correctly considered to be Hyalinea balthica (Schroeter). Thus, many of the older illustrations and references to O. ammonoides are incorrect. Operculina bartsehi Cushman Pl. 28, fig: 16 1921. Operculina bartschi Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 100, v. 4, p. 376, 377, text fig. 13. 1938. Operculina bartschi Cushman, Chapman and Parr, Roy. Soc. Victoria, Proc., Va 0, bia lneser.ep 292295. playa toseda/-20Pntextalouos The specimen illustrated (fig. 16, Pl. 28) has a height of 4.4 mm. and a width of 3.6 mm. There is a slightly elevated area over the embry- onic chambers with a diameter of 0.75 mm., the surface of which is covered with slightly projecting, closely packed bosses of clear shell material which have diameters of about 120 ».. Two whorls show clearly, the last of which has 18 chambers. The sutures are limbate and beaded. The chamber walls between the sutures have several rows of small beads. The spiral suture is not depressed. A median section of a specimen with a height of 3.35 mm. and a width of 2.75 mm. exposes 4 whorls with 16 chambers in the final volution, There are 8 chambers in the first volution and 48 chambers in entire test. The initial chamber has an internal diameter of 50 » and the second chamber has diameters of 30 , by 70 y. The distance across both chambers is 85 1. This specimen is a megalospheric one. Discussion.—A representative specimen of this species (fig. 16, Pl. 28) is illustrated for comparison with the microspheric specimen (fig. 10, Pl. 28) of O. ammonoides with which it might be confused. The micro- spheric specimen of O. ammonoides (fig. 10, Pl. 28) has a height of 3.95 mm. and width of 3.3 mm. The initial coils lie below a slightly elevated INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS: COLE 361 area with a diameter of 1.2 mm. This area is bounded by a depressed suture which separates it from the final volution. The central area has projecting, widely separated papillae with diameters of about 80 ». The sutures across the final volution are elevated and strongly beaded. The marginal cord is thick and its edge is elevated above the general surface of the adjacent chamber walls. A median section (fig. 5, Pl. 31) made from a similar specimen of O. ammonoides has a height of 4.1 mm. and a width of 4.2 mm. There are 51/, volutions with 8 chambers in the first volution and 28 chambers in the final volution. The total number of chambers in the test is 100. The distance across the two embryonic chambers is 30 pp. Operculina complanata (Defrance ) Pl. 29, fig. 16; Pl. 31, figs. 2-4. 1945. Operculina complanata japanica Hanzawa, Cole, Bernice P. Bishop Mus., Bull. 181, p. 278, pl. 12, figs. D-G; pl. 13, figs. F-I. Three specimens are illustrated. Hanzawa (1935, p. 22) in desig- nating certain specimens as a variety of O. complanata questioned whether this should be done. He wrote: “Although it is a question whether the discrimination of the Operculina .... by means of surface ornamentation and number of chambers in the last whorl is taxonomically admissible or not, I tentatively assign the Operculina .. . to a new subspecies ... .” Cole (1958 4) demonstrated in American species of Operculinoides (= Operculina) the variation which occurs. Therefore, it is doubtful if this subspecies should be retained. Operculina venosa (Fichtel and Moll) Plt 28) fies, 12-14 7s alse el e290; fies. 1, 2.0, 15,14 Pie 30) tesa len 1 Ore el oie tips 1798. Nautilus venosus Fichtel and Moll, Test. Micro., p. 59, pl. 8, figs. e-h. 1859. Amphistegina cumingii Carpenter, Philos. Trans., p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 13-17. 1884. Nummulites cumingii (Carpenter), Brady, Challenger Rep. (Zool.), v. 9, p. 749, pl. 112, figs. 11-13; text fig. 22. 1918. Operculinella cumingii (Carpenter), Yabe, Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd ser. (Geol:), v. 4, No. 3, p. 122-126, pl. 17, figs. 8-1/2. 1921. Operculina venosa (Fichtel and Moll), Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 100, v. 4, p. 383, 384. 1938. Operculinella venosa (Fichtel and Moll), Chapman and Parr, Roy. Soc. \Witeworsa, IOC, Wo SO), Its tl, th, Sees jo, AOS, jolle 7h, ties, Dil, DY, wee ties, Fe 1939. Operculinella cumingii (Carpenter), Hanzawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geog., VatOeNOS-15, 4, p2228) 229) pl. 15. figs. G2) bs 8a, b> pll6, tgs. 1, 25 10), 1939. Operculina sp. Hanzawa, idem, p. 229, pl. 15, figs. 9a, b, 11; pl. 16, figs. sr, Sl, IO). Measurements of the specimens which are illustrated are given in Tables 5-7. BULLETIN 181 Table 5 Measurements of specimens of O. venosa used for external appearance Pl. 28 Specimen! 27.7... .c see eee Bigs 149) Fic. 13) | Bigs 18) Bisse eeb iene lei gintee cee ee mm. 2.0 2.48 28) Doll 21) Whidthter cs ee ee mm 2.0 DB 2.8 3.0 2.6 Elan ge. fe cch ee er eee None Slight | Moderate} Moderate) Slight Waidthwoteflancen..-= mm. — 0.25 0.6 0.55 0.1 Diameter of umbonal plug... #| 160 None 200 200 400 Table 6—Measurements of median sections of O. venosa | Pl. 30 Specimenier toe. eee eres Fig. 1 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Height - eee eee mm 2.4 2.82 3115 Wildl tat eeeece saree nee mm. 2.0 2.68 3.0 Embryonic chambers: Diameter of initial chamber .............. bh 80 50 60 Diameter of | second chamber ............ I 40 x 90 30 x 60 40 x 100 Distance across both chambers ................ Lb 130 90 130 Number of volutions .............. 4, 54, 4, Chambers in first volution ...... i 8 6 Chambers in final volution .... 17 16 12 Total number of chambers ...... 56 66 38 INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS: COLE 363 Table 7—DMeasurements of transverse sections of O. venosa mb, 2) SYS TAMVS Od onc despevobaossconeasuesenaceoece Fig. 2 | Figs ett | Fig. 14 | Fig. 13 | Fig. 1 Height De ee rene com| | 2-87 99 3:05 429° | 4.4 es > Thickness ......... oo edtaven,|| — Toile Wey | alles) | eee | 1.4 Waidthvof flanges... .mm: —- |; — | 145) 10 Thickness of flange mm. — — | — | 0.25 0.17 Diameter of umbonal plugs # 280 220 | ie | = — Discussion.—Yabe (1918, p. 126) erected the genus Operculinella with “Nwmmulites”’ cumingi as the type species. Later, Yabe and Hanz- awa (1925, p. 49) considered this species to be a synonym of O. venosa. However, the specimens which they illustrated as O. venosa are O. ammon- oides, a fact which Chapman and Parr (1938, p. 290) recognized. Later, Hanzawa (1939, p. 228) stated ‘Nautilus venosus Fichtel and Moll may possibly belong to the genus Operculina, and may not be identical with N. cumingii (Carpenter).” At that time Hanzawa retained Operculinella cumingii (Carpenter) as a distinct genus and species, but he accepted Chapman and Parr’s (1938, p. 290) assignment of fossil and Recent speci- mens, previously called O. venosa, to the species O. ammonoides. How- ever, Hanzawa (1939, p. 229) included ‘“Namtilus” venosus Fichtel and Moll as a synonym of O. ammonoides. Although the type illustrations of O. venosa are generalized drawings, they show several critical characters. The test is completely involute, evenly lenticular and certain of the septa biturcate before they reach the periphery. Moreover, the septa are represented as being limbate and broad. These characters are shown clearly by the specimens in the present collection. The bifurcation of the sutures shows in four of those illustrated (fig. 14, Pl. 28, lower and left parts; figs. 13, 18, Pl. 28, lower parts; fig. 17, right part). This kind of sutural pattern was not observed in any of the specimens assigned to O. ammonoides. Moreover, Carpenter and Brady illustrated specimens which they assigned to O. cumingii (=O. venosa) as possessing bifurcated sutures. Thus, O. cumingii is a synonym of O. venosa. O. venosa is a recogniz- able species, distinct from O. ammonoides. 364 BULLETIN 181 LITERATURE CITED Barker, R. W. 1939. Species of the foraminiferal family Camerinidae in the Tertiary and Cretaceous of Mexico. U.S. Nat. Mus., Proc., v. 86, No. 3052, p. 305- 350) plsemale22. Chapman, F., and Parr, W. J. 1938. Australian and New Zealand species of the foraminiferal genera Oper- culina and Operculinella. Roy. Soc. Victoria, Proc., v. 50, Pt. 1, n. ser., p. 279-299, pls. 16, 17; 7 text figs. Cole, W. Storrs 1945. Larger Foraminifera of Lau, Fiji. Bernice P. Bishop Mus., Bull. 181, p. 272-297, pls. 12-30. 1957. Larger Foraminifera of Saipan island. U.S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Pap. 280-I, p. 321-360, pls. 94-118. 19584. Larger Foraminifera from Carriacou. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 38, No. 171, p. 219-233, pls. 26-29. 1958b. Names of and variation in certain American larger Foraminifera, particularly the camerinids—No. 2. Idem, v. 38, No. 173, p. 261-284, pls. 32-34. 1958c. Larger Foraminifera from Eniwetok Atoll drill holes. U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Pap. 260-V, p. 743-784, pls. 231-249, 1 text fig. Cushman, J. A. 1921. Foraminifera of the Philippine and adjacent seas. U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 100, v. 4, p. 1-608, 100 pls., 52 text figs. 1924. Samoan Foraminifera. Carnegie Inst. Washington, v. 21, p. 1-75, 25 pls. 1931. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean. U.S.Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, Pt. 8, p. 1-179, 26 pls. Douvillé, H. 1905. Les foraminiféres dans le Tertiaire de Bornéo. Geol. Soc. France, Bull., v. 5, ser. 4, p. 435-464, pl. 14, 2 text figs. Gill, W. D. 1953. The genus Assilina in the Laki series (lower Eocene) of the Kohat- Potwar Basin, Northwest Pakistan. Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 4, Pt. 2, p. 76-84, pls. 13, 14, 2 text figs. Glaessner, M, F. 1945. Principles of micropaleontology. Oxford Univ. Press, p. 1-296, 14 pls., 64 text figs. INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS: COLE 365 Hanzawa, 8S. 1935. Some fossil Operculina and Miogypsina from Japan and their strati- graphic significance. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Sci. Rep., ser. 2 (Geol.), v. 18, IN@, il, je. EAS), jolls. ies), 1939. Revision of “Nummulites’ cumingi (Carpenter). Jap. Journ. Geol. (Geos, wo 1G, INOS; 3 45 (. 225-232, jolls. 115, iG: 1948. A comparative study of the fossil foraminiferal fauna of the Ryukyu limestone and the Recent fauna of the Ryukyu islands. Report of the com- mittee On a treatise on marine ecology and paleoecology (1946-1947), No. 7, p. 77-88. Hofker, J. 1932. Foraminifera of the Malay Archipelago. Vidensk Medd. fra Dansk naturh. Foren., v. 93, p. 71-167, pls. 2-6, 35 text figs. Ladd, H. S., and Hoffmeister, J. E. 1945. Geology of Lau, Fiji. B. P. Bishop Mus., Bull. 181, p. 1-399, 62 pls. 41 text figs. Vaughan, T. W., and Cole, W. Storrs 1941. Preliminary report on the Cretaceous and Tertiary larger Foraminifera of Trinidad, British West Indies. Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Pap. 30, p. 1-137, 46 pls. Yabe, H. 1918. Notes on Operculina-rocks from Japan with remarks on “Nummulites”’ cumingit Carpenter. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Sci. Rep., ser. 2 (Geol.), v. 4, No. 3, p. 107-126, pl. 17. , and Hanzawa, S. 1925. A geological problem concerning the raised coral-reefs of the Ryukyu islands and Taiwan. Idem, v. 7, No. 2, p. 29-56, pls. 5-10. PEAES 368 Figure 1-11, 15. 16. 12-14, 17, 18 Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius) .. BULLETIN 181 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 28 1-6, 8-11, 15. External views, X 11. 1. Almost completely involute, unornamented; 2. Slightly evolute, moderately ornamented; 3. Evolute, moderately ornamented; 4-6. Evolute, highly ornamented; 8, 9. Evo- lute, unornamented; 10. Microspheric specimen, evolute, highly ornamented; 11. Slightly evolute, unornamented; 15. Involute, unornamented. 7. Transverse section X 40, to show the coarse marginal cord and the apertures; the same specimen as the one illustrated as fig. 12, Pl. 29. Operculina, bartsebi (Gusher. cese-seee eee ee External view, X 11; introduced for com- parison with the microspheric specimen of O. ammonoides. Opereulina venosa (Fichtel and Mol1) «0... eee reese 5 External views, X 11. 12. Microspheric specimen with numerous, heavy limbate sutures; 13, 14. Megalospheric specimens, completely involute and without a rim; 17. Megalospheric specimen with a relatively wide rim on which the sutures are strongly recurved; 18. Megalospheric specimen which is slightly evolute and has a narrow rim. Note the bifurca- tion of the suture on the lower part of the test. 1,5, 7, 8,11. Loc. 3—see text for locality descriptions. 2, 4, 9, 10, 15. Loe. 4. Be OGG: 6. Loc. 12-14, 17. Loe. 16, 18. Loc. PY LS) | 360 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 PLATE 28 PLATE 29 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS: COLE EXPLANATION OF PLATE 29 Figure 1, 2, 11, 13, 14. Opereulina venosa (Fichtel and Mol1)...-...ceeeceec ee Transverse sections, X 20. 1,13. Specimens with marked, thin rim; see fig. 17, Pl. 28; 2, 11, 14. Specimens without a rim; see figs. 13, 14, Pl. 28. 3-10, 12, 15. Opereulina ammonoides (Gronovius) .....-..ccccccceeeeeeeeees Transverse sections, 3, 9, 15, X 40; 4-8, 10, 12, X 20. 3. Evolute, highly ornamented; see fig. 4, Pl. 28; 4. Microspheric specimen; see fig. 10, Pl. 28; 5. Evolute, unornamented; see fig. 9, Pl. 28; 6. Evolute, unorna- mented; see fig. 8, Pl. 28; 7. Evolute, highly orna- mented; see fig. 6, Pl. 28; 8, 10. Slightly evolute, UNnOrmamenteds seen ese a iilea Plo 231058 WSNIM 625585; 9. Evolute, moderately ornamented; see fig. 3, Pl. 28; 12. Evolute, highly ornamented; see fig. 5, Pl. 28; 15. Slightly evolute, moderately ornamented; see tig. 239 Pl 28: 16. Operculina complanata (Defrance) ..........cc cece Transverse section, X 20. 369 Page 361 B54 361 1, 2, 11, 13, 14. Loc. 2—-see text for locality descriptions. 2-55 15), IL@E, 4! G58, 10, 12, Ikoe, Be Vo LOE, Te 9. Loc. 6. 16. Loc. 8. 370 BULLETIN 181 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 30 Figure Page 1, 9, 10. Operculina venosa (Fichtel and Mooll)..-.--..-----.-..--2 2 c.-s- 361 Median sections, X 20. 1,9. Involute; see figs. 13, 14, Pl. 28; 10. Involute with a rim; see figs. 17, 18, Pl. 28. 2-8. Opereulina ammonoides (Gronovius) 000.0... Ate 356 Median sections, X 20. 2. Slightly evolute, unornamented; see figs. 1, 11, Pl. 28; USNM 625590; 3. Evolute, highly ornamented; see fig. 4, Pl. 28; 4. Evolute, moderately ornamented; see fig. 3, Pl. 28; 5. Slightly evolute, moderately ornamented; see fig. 2, Pl. 28; 6. Evolute, unornamented; see fig. 8, pl. 28; 7. Almost com- pletely involute, unornamented; see figs. 1, 11, Pl. 28; USNM 625586; 8. Evolute, unornamented; see fig. 9, Pl. 28. 1,9, 10. Loc. 2—see text for locality descriptions. AG; Tio lore, 3s 3 Sh LOGY A: 4. Loc. 6. PLATE 30 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 389 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 PLATE 31 ” : 5 Sar a 4 y 3 as, Figure il, 2, 3, 4 7 INDO-PACIFIC CAMERINIDS: COLE 371 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 31 Page Operculina venosa (Fichtel and Moll).............:cescssscesecereeceeeeeeees 361 Median section, X 20, of a microspheric specimen; see fig. 12, PI. 28. Operculina complanata (Defrance) ..----------.:.ccseccceecseeceeescsncessssenses 361 2. Median section, X 12.5; see fig. 16, Pl. 29; 3. Median section, X 12.5; see fig. 4, this Plate; 4. Transverse section, X 12.5. Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius)..................... RG ch ee O 5. Median section, X 12.5, of a microspheric specimen; see fig. 10, Pl. 28; 6, 7. Median sections, X 20; see fig. 6, Pl. 28. Ip oe N te 1—see text for locality descriptions. De oe uw XXIV. xxXV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVI. XXXVIII. XXXIX. Volume I. i. CNaga,, BO-ST)s |: 3340p), /:27 pls. \n.... 2 ayoasetee sags chev ondbeetpyetractoe Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca (Nos. 88-948) . SOG Ta 30) PIS. co5520c teat Leeman lou ec 0 Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia, Meso- zoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and Maryland Mio- cene mollusks. (Nos. 95-100). 420 pp., 58 pls. 0.0... eee eeeeeeee Pielke lag Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fossils, Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Eogene corals, and geology and paleontology of Ecuador. (Nos. 101-108). 376 pp., 36 pls... Mas fs Saale tes Tertiary Mollusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of Venezuela. (Nos. 109-074)... “412 pp. SE plsr oo. go scale ce coleasallsadbetbeetebee Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian of Idaho, Cretaceous and Eocene mollusks, Cuban and Venezuelan forams. (Noss 115-146)... -738.pp., 52 plsei se. sie. aie od Ne alan Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods. CNO019 15 563) Bp 6S DIS He iN NE capo ocd Jackson Eocene mollusks. (Nos: 118-128) '.):458' pps, 27 pis. aa Venezuelan and California mollusks, Chemung and Pennsyl- vanian crinoids, Cypraeidae Cretaceous, Miocene and Recent corals, Cuban and Floridian forams, and Cuban fossil local- ities. (Nos,..129-133)%\\ 294: pp, 39 pls. aii)... nyssecdeeseanetdeecscsasateanecd¥c Silurian cephalopods, crinoid studies, Tertiary forams, and Mytilarca. (Nos, 134-139). 4485 pp; ‘52 plsa fal ck its ices Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks, Ecuadoran stratigraphy and paleontology. 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(Now. 165-174) -429-pp~'53 pls. ben Sh ee Venezuela geology, Oligocene Lepidocyclina, Miocene ostra- cods, and Mississippian of Kentucky, turritellid from Vene- zuela, larger forams, new mollusks, geology of Carriacou, Pennsylvanian plants. (Noa. 175-179) 277 pps 23° psc NE re ee ire Panama Caribbean mollusks, Venezuelan Tertiary formations and forams, Trinidad Cretaceous forams. PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA (Nos. 1-5). 519 pp., 75 pls. Monographs of Arcas, Lutetia, rudistids and venerids. (Nos. G-18)5), 531\pp...37 ple ih OR SS Heliophyllum halli, Tertiary turrids, Neocene Spondyli, Pale- ozoic cephalopods, Tertiary Fasciolarias and Paleozoic and Recent Hexactinellida. (N@ss Darcie’ S13) pp.p 62 pls. cele ecopnt esoleore ont i Paleozoic cephalopod structure and phylogeny, Paleozoic siphonophores, Busycon, Devonian fish studies, gastropod studies, Carboniferous crinoids, Cretaceous jellyfish, Platy- Strophia, and Venericardia. Ciigm 26,528)..." 128 pp; 18" pis.).4. Sea eS Rudist studies, Busycon. 9.50 9.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 13.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 13.50 15.00 16.00 8.50 20.00 20.00 6.50 CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY I. (Nos, 1-5). 354 pp., 32 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca. II. (Nos. 6-10). 347 pp., 23 pls. Tertiary Mollusca and Foraminifera, Paleozoic faunas. Ill. (Nos. 11-15). 402 pp., 29 pls. Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and faunas. IV. (Nos. 16-21). 161 pp., 26 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and faunas. V. (Nos. 22-30). 437 pp., 68 pls. Tertiary fossils mainly Santo Domingan, Mesozoic and Pale- ozoic fossils. VI. (No. 31). 268 pp., 59 pls. Claibornian Eocene pelecypods. WIL: «CN. 82) 0.730 pp! GO [piss ily. ce A aa oe 14,00 Claibornian Eocene scaphopods, gastropods, and cephalopods. VIII. (Nos. 33-36). 357 pp., 15 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca. TXK.(QNoe, 87-29), 462 pps 95 pls.) fe NU 13.00 Tertiary Mollusca mainly from Costa Rica. X. (Nos. 40-42). 382 pp. 54 pls. Tertiary forams and mollusks mainly from Trinidad and Paleozoic fossils. Xi: .QNos 43-46), 272 pp 41 pls. oe ie ae ae Tete, Mesozoic and Paleozoic fossils mainly from Vene- zuela. XII. (Nos. 47-48). 494 pp., 8 pls. Venezuela and Trinidad forams and Mesozoic invertebrate bibliography. XIEE. (Nos.,.49-50): | 264 ppiy, 47 pls)... WSR la ie 10.00 Venezuelan Tertiary Mollusca and Tertiary Mammalia. XIV. (Nos. 51-54). 306 pp., 44 pls. Mexican Tertiary forams and Tertiary mollusks of Peru and Colombia. XV. (Nos. 55-58). 314 pp. 80 pls. Mainly Ecuadoran, Peruvian and Mexican Tertiary forams and mollusks and Paleozoic fossils. XVI." (CNos,) 59-61). | 140% pp.; 48 pls... 5... essai leche lcenayuedeaes 6.00 Venezuela and Trinidad Tertiary Mollusca. AVI... (Nos, 62-63). 283 pp. 35. pls. 3.50... hei Remo 10.00 Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca. VEIT. (Nes.\64-67),. | 286 pps 29). pls. saci c ecdidebececdenccuerabepees 9.00 Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals. ee (Nes '68).)) 272" pp. PA cplsy. 33) hi -aacasudipees tahun eadase emu aneede 9.00 Tertiary Paleontology, Peru. KR. (Nos, 69-700) 3! 266) pp.) 26 pls. aM ee NS oN 9.00 Cretaceous and Tertiary Paleontology of Peru and Cuba. DL, \CNos. | 21724 4520 PP 82 Cle. Nisha decd talabeetetatennenes 9.00 Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy. XXL. (Nos. 73-76). '\356 pp. 31 pls Soy uru eh AU Ach taeke 9.50 Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera. SALT,’ (Nog. (73-99), (251 pps 35 pls, 3 Ni Aa cae anit esas 9.00 Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of Conrad. I a VJ AUG 1 1 1959 HARVARD UNIVERSITY BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY VOL. XXXIX NUMBER 182 1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION . 1958-59 PRESIDENT 5o.2255 hod oka wsbpctale Vasacnectaeua ctmsceliue Meares Enea a cee SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER WICH=PRHSTDRINT oii. Secodace cs coecect ect ee ep keen cd ERR ae Meee das NorMAN E. WEISBORD SECRETARY- TREASURER |)-ihiesshs cli leeedcodeocel asvownsesdeoldlicvenst phot becuse: REBECCA S. HARRIS DIRECTOR (yas coe. Eel cee NR Hee cect ee AMN TNE HE TE KATHERINE V. W. PALMER NCO UTINSED PU oa cok hale chondro re eS ca re SD WM Pe RUAN Oh RSS IL ARMAND L. ADAMS Trustees KENNETH E. CasTER (1954-1960) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life) WINIFRED GOLDRING (1955-1961) RALPH A. LippLe (1956-62) ReBecca S. Harris (Life) AxgEL A. OLSSON (Life) SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER (1953-59) NorMAN E. WEISBORD (1957-63) JoHN W. WELLS (1958-64) Sustaining Members Humble Oil & Refining Company, Houston, Texas Jersey Production Research Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma Magnolia Petroleum Company, Dallas, Texas Socony Mobil Company de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela Superior Oil Company, Los Angeles, California BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY and PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA KATHERINE V. W. PALMER, Editor Mrs. Fay Briccs, Secretary Advisory Board KENNETH E, CASTER HANs KUGLER A. Myra K&EN Jay GLENN MARKS G. WINSTON SINCLAIR Complete titles and price list of separate available numbers may be had on application. All volumes available except vols. I-VI, VIII, X, XII, XIV, XV of Bulletins and vol. I of Paleontographica Americana. Subscriptions may be entered at any time by volume or year, with average price of $14.00 per volume for Bulletins. Numbers of Paleontographica invoiced per issue. Purchases in U.S.A. for professional purposes are deductible from income tax. For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place Ithaca, New York U.S.A. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vol. 39 No. 182 FAUNAL ASSOCIATIONS AND THE STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION OF CERTAIN AMERICAN PALEOCENE AND EOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA By W. STORRS COLE Cornell University, Ithaca, New York July 31, 1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. wOoTrett sialoe 4 i "| 4 ss Catalog Card Number: GS 59-302 tuys, COMP. ZOOL | LibnAnt AUG 1 11959 HARVARD UNIVERSITY in the United States of America CONTENTS Page SUAS Re a SRR Sere ee gs ee mY Ae eee eS SR ne Sa 377 RESERCO CELLO EI pe et ac ee eC ee 377 TERE UI GR SS og A a a A OS eee eR ee 378 MECCA ORE MESA CATCHING PRUE 2 Se «Sn on nc oe ae Ree ne SR 378 SSTSU Te 3e CaM FEN gal 2°12 7 So ee ce ee 378 SEEAtIP Tap ri GapOStiG ne eee eee | ee ee 379 The Psexdophragmina (Proporocyclina) tobleri fauna ............. Re J ee ae 380 NERA Eta pRTG POSTION i a - © | = < AMERICAN PALEOCENE-EOCENE FORAM.: COLE 379 This species is usually accompanied by other species to form a definite faunal association. One locality (Alabama) at which O. catenula has not been found to date is given on Table I as the species recorded from this locality are associated with O, catenula elsewhere. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION The best evidence for the stratigraphic position of the Operculina catenula zone is obtained from the southern United States and Mexico. Cole and Herrick (1953, p. 50) found O. catenula (= Operculinoides georgianus Cole and Herrick) in wells in Georgia in association with Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) stephensoni in beds of Midway age. In Alabama P. (A.) stephensoni [= P. (A.) cooket (Vaughan) | occurs in the Salt Mountain limestone in association with Dyscocyclina (Discocyclina) weaveri (= D. (D.) blanpiedi Vaughan). The Salt Mountain limestone until recently has been considered to be equivalent to the Nanafalia formation (Toulmin, 1955, p. 215, fig. 5). Loeblich and Tappan (1957, p. 177) placed the Salt Mountain limestone below the lower Eocene Nanafalia formation so that it is the uppermost unit of the Paleocene Midway group. D. (D.) weaveri according to Stephenson (Muir, 1936, p. 101) occurs at its type locality in Mexico in asseciation with Ostrea thirsae Gabb and Turritella aft. humerosa Conrad. Miss Gardner (1945, p. 7) wrote: “the faunas characterized by an abundance of Ostrea thirsae and of Tur- ritella sanjuanensis of the T. humerosa group have been referred to the upper Midway . . . A similar assemblage, together with Dzscocyclina weaver! Vaughan . .. was collected . . . from the Tanlajas formation in the Plaza in San Antonio, San Luis Potosi.” D. (D.) weaveri and P. (A.) stephensoni have not been found in the same sample in Mexico. Muir (1936, p. 104) noted: ‘The evidence at present available indicates that D. stephensoni occurs at a lower strati- graphic level than Discocyclina weaveri Vaughan.’ Vaughan (1945, p. 101) reported that P. (A.) stephensoni was found at two localities, one “on Rio San Juan, opposite Rancho Viejo, China, and the other was along brecha on crest of structure, China, in association with Ostrea thirsae Gabb. According to Dr. Julia Gardner the stratigraphic horizon is high Midway (Paleocene), which would be the equivalent of the basal lower Chicon- tepec.” Therefore, it would seem that D. (D.) weaver and P. (A.) 380 BULLETIN 182 stephensoni occur in the same zone in Mexico, and that this zone is high Midway. P. (A.) macglameriae Vaughan is considered to be an ecological variant of P. (A.) stephensoni. This species was described from a “‘glauco- nite bed, directly overlying the Coal Bluff lignite bed or the Naheola marl” (Vaughan, 1945, p. 103). The age is given as Paleocene, Midway group. Thus, all the available evidence is suggestive that P. (A.) stephensoni is a high Paleocene species. As this species is commonly associated with Operculina catenula, it seems probable that this zone should be assigned a Paleocene age. THE PSEUDOPHRAGMINA (PROPOROCYCLINA) TOBLERI FAUNA STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION In examining samples from Soldado Rock, Trinidad, kindly for- warded to me by Dr. Hans Kugler, topotype specimens of Psewdophragmina (Proporocyclina) tobleri Vaughan and Cole were recovered from sample K. 3878 (see: Vaughan and Cole, 1941, p. 15 for location). These speci- mens are associated with microspheric specimens which were named Discocyclina (Discocyclina) bullbrooki Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 59). Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 27) stated concerning these species: “At Soldado Rock Discocyclina (Discocyclina) bullbrooki and Pseudophrag- mina (Proporocyclina) tobleri occur at a horizon above the typical ‘Jack- sonian’ of Kugler’s section.” Caudri (1944, p. 385) in referring to these two species correctly noted: ‘These larger Foraminifera have nothing in common either with the Paleocene or the typical upper Eocene of this very small islet... . The fauna of smaller Foraminifera, which was studied by H. H. Renz, has several species in common with the typical Soldado Paleo- cene . . . the most acceptable explanation seems to be that it originated from a high-Paleocene (or perhaps lower or middle?) Eocene marl... .” Therefore, it was of considerable interest to find P. (P.) tobler7 in another sample from Soldado Rock. This sample El 1440 (see: Vaughan and Cole, 1941, pl. 2, for location) contained not only P. (P.) toblerz, but also specimens of Discocyclina (Discocyclina) anconensis Barker, a species which Vaughan (1945, p. 18) recorded from numerous middle Eocene localities in Barbados. In addition, microspheric specimens of a Drscocy- AMERICAN PALEOCENE-EOCENE FORAM.: COLE 381 clina which are similar to D. (D.) bullbrooki were found. Seemingly, D. (D.) bullbrook: is the microspheric form of D. (D.) anconensis. Thus, the P. (P.) tobleri zone may be assigned provisionally to the middle Eocene. P. (P.) tobleri belongs to the Type II group (Cole, 19584, p. 413) of the subgenus Proporocyclina of which the other two species are known to occur only in the middle Eocene. THE STALUS OF DISCOCY CELINA (DISCOCY ELINA) IN THE AMERICAS Vaughan (1945, p. 112) listed 21 American species and one sub- species which he assigned to Drscocyclina (Discocyclina). These species were assumed to have a stratigraphic distribution from Paleocene through the upper Eocene. However, Caudri (1944, p. 385) postulated that Dvs- cocyclina (Discocyclina) did not occur in the American upper Eocene. Since the appearance of Vaughan’s paper, Cole and Gravell (1952, p. 714) transferred Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) marginata to Dis- cocyclina (Discocyclina) and suppressed the following species which Vaughan listed: D. (D.) californica, D. (D.) crassa and D. (D.) harri- sont. Cole (19534, p. 33) demonstrated that D. (D.) minima should be placed in the genus Asterocyclina. Thus, Vaughan’s list would have shown 18 supposedly valid species and one subspecies at the beginning of this study. This study demonstrates that this listing can be reduced by 7 species and the subspecies, leaving a total of 11 supposedly valid species in Discocyclina (Discocyclina) . A revised listing of American species of Discocyclina (Discocyclina) follows: *D. (D.) anconensis Barker, 1932 *barkeri Vaughan and Cole, 1941 caudriae Vaughan, 1945 *cristensis (Vaughan), 1924 cubensis (Cushman), 1919 *margimata (Cushman), 1919 meroensis WW. Berry, 1930 pustulosa (Cushman), 1919 sheppardi Barker, 1932 turnerensis Vaughan, 1945 *weavert Vaughan, 1929 BULLETIN 182 Uo CO N The five-starred species are seemingly valid ones and can be identified readily. It is suspected that two of the remaining six species are synonyms inasmuch as D. (D.) caudriae has many of the characteristics of D. (D.) weaveri and D, (D.) cubensis is similar to D. (D.) marginata. The other four species are inadequately described. There are probably not more than six valid species of Discocyclina (Discocyclina) in the Americas. The apparent range of the subgenus is Paleocene through the middle Eocene. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES Family Camerinidae Genus Opereulina d’Orbigny, 1826 1959. Operculinoides Hanzawa, Cole, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 39, No. 181, [DS Sve Operculina ecatenula Cushman and Jarvis 1932. Operculina catenula Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., v. 80, Art. 145 p. 425 pls 125 fies) 13256: 1957. Operculinoides bermudezi (D. K. Palmer), Sachs, Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 8, Pt. 3, p. 107-113, pl. 14, figs. 1-27 (additional references ) . 1958. Operculina catenula Cushman and Jarvis, Cole, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vi Sty INGO IT/SE, ie ZTAOE For a complete analysis of this species see Cole (19534, 19584) and Sachs (1957). Family Orbitoididae Genus Actinosiphon Vaughan, 1929 Actinosiphon semmesi Vaughan 1929. Actinosiphon semmesi Vaughan, Jour. Paleont., v. 3, No. 2, p. 164-166, pl. 21, figs. 1-3 (Chicontepec formation). 1944. Lepidorbitoides cf. planasi M. G. Rutten, Caudri, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 28, No. 114, p. 366, 367, pl. 1, fig. 3; pl. 2, fig. 10; pl. 3, fig. 14 (Paleo- cene). 1945. Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) barbadensis Vaughan, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 9, p. 49, 50, pl. 19, figs. 5-9 (Paleocene). 1951. Actinosiphon barbadensis (Vaughan), Cizancourt, Géol. Soc. France, Mem. 64, p. 57, pl. 5, fig. 9 (Paleocene). 1951. Actinosiphon barbadensis (Vaughan) forma globulosa Cizancourt, idem, p. 58, pl. 5, fig. 3 (Paleocene). 1951. Actinosiphon barbadensis (Vaughan) forma garapatensis Cizancourt, idem, p. 58, pl. 5, figs. 4, 6, 8 (Paleocene). 1951. Actinosiphon barbadensis (Vaughan) forma caudriae Cizancourt, idem, p. 58, pl. 5, figs. 5, 7 (Paleocene). 1951. Actinosiphon cf. semmesi Vaughan, Cizancourt, p. 58, 59, pl. 5, fig. 21 (Paleocene). AMERICAN PALEOCENE-EOCENE FORAM.: COLE 383 Caudri (1944, p. 366) identified small orbitoids from San Juan de los Morros, State of Guarico, Venezuela, as Lepidorbitoides cf. planasi M. G. Rutten, Although Lepidorbitoides is a well-established Upper Cretaceous genus, she believed that this genus continued into the Paleocene. Later, she (1948, p. 473) discussed and illustrated specimens from other Carib- bean localities of Paleocene age which she believed should be referred to the genus Lepidorbitoides. Vaughan (1945, p. 49) referred small orbitoids from the Joes River mudflows of Barbados to Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) barbadensis. Vf this generic identification were correct, the genus Lepzdocyclina would have a longer stratigraphic range than had been known previously as it had been thought that the most primitive subgenus, Polylepidina, of Lepidocyclina appeared in the American middle Eocene, Caudri (1948, p. 479) decided that Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) barbadensis should be referred to the genus Lepidorbitoides. Cizancourt (1951, p. 61) correctly assigned the specimens which Caudri referred to Lepidorbitoides and which Vaughan believed to be Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) to the Paleocene genus Actinosiphon. The equatorial chambers of Actinosiphon are arranged in regular, radiating rows (Vaughan, 1929, pl. 21, fig. 1). This is not the arrange- ment found in either Lepidorbitoides or Polylepidina. Family Diseocyelinidae Genus Diseoeyelina Gimbel, 1870 Subgenus Diseoeyelina Giimbel, 1870 Discocyelina (Diseoeyclina) anconensis Barker Pl. 33, figs. 1, 2, 6-10 1932. Discocyclina anconensis Barker, Geol. Mag., v. 69, p. 303, 304, pl. 21, figs. 1, 4; text fig. 1. 1941. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) bullbrooki Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Pap. 30, p. 59, 60, pl. 21, figs. 4, 5; pl. 22, figs. 1, 2. 1945. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) anconensis Barker, Vaughan, Geol. Soc. Amer., Meme 9p) 52-355) plsew-10) 20s 21s ply 22ities) 2-35: Megalospheric specimens (PI. 33, figs. 9, 10) from sample El 1440, Soldado Rock, Trinidad, are identical with specimens (PI. 33, fig. 8) from Barbados identified by Vaughan as D. (D.) anconensis Barker. Associated with these specimens are microspheric specimens (Pl. 33, fig. 7) which were identified as D, (D.) bullbrooki Vaughan and Cole. At the type locality (K 3878) of D. (D.) bullbrooki only micro- spheric specimens were found, one of which is illustrated (Pl. 33, fig. 6). 384 BULLETIN 182 Seemingly, D. (D.) bullbrooki is the microspheric form of D. (D.) anconensis. Inasmuch as the specific name D. (D.) anconensis has priority, the name D. (D.) bullbrooki must be suppressed. Diseoeyelina (Discocyelina) barkeri Vaughan and Cole 1941. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) barkeri Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. Amer., Sjos 1225 SO) jos S75 Se, jell, MS. ivesas 2-7/s jo, Dil, ies, Ih, 2 1957. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) barkeri Vaughan and Cole, Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 8, Pt. 3, p. 113-115, pl. 15, figs. 1-12 (additional references ). Discocyelina (Diseocyelina) cristensis (Vaughan) 1957. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) cristensis (Vaughan), Sachs, Contrib. Cush- man Found. Foram. Res., v. 8, Pt. 3, p. 115-117, pl. 16, figs. 1-9 (references and discussion). Discocyelina (Diseocyelina) weaveri Vaughan Pl. 33, figs. 3-5 1929. Discocyclina weaveri Vaughan, U.S. Net. Mus. Proc., v. 76, Art. 3, p. 5-7, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2 (basal part of the Chicontepec formation). 1929. Discocyclina weaveri parvipapillata Vaughan, idem, p. 7, 8, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4, 4a (basal part of the Chicontepec formation). 1936. Discocyclina blanpiedi Vaughan, Jour. Paleont., v. 10, No. 4, p. 254-256, pl. 41, figs. 1-7 (Salt Mountain limestone). 1941. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) grimsdalei Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. Ametae ops Pap. 40) p) 58) 59s ple WSs ties: Ga Orel. WlOMiies: al-3)-ar> mea e cams (lower Eocene). 1944. Discocyclina aguerreverei Caudri, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 28, No. 114, pe oO1. 362) ple 2) dies: Ss lle ple 45 ue 13a pl 4eaomsle((Raleocene)- 1945. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) mestieri Vaughan, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 9, p. 37, 38, pl. 12, figs. 1-6 (Paleocene). 1945. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) grimsdalei Vaughan and Cole, Vaughan, sdem, p. 39-42, pl. 6, figs. 11, 12; pl. 13; pl. 14 (Paleocene to middle Eocene). 1945. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) fonslacertensis Vaughan, idem, p. 72, 73, pl. 24, figs. 3-6; pl. 26, fig. 3 (lower Eocene ?). 1957. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) mestieri Vaughan, Sachs, Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 8, Pt. 3, p. 117-119, pl. 17, figs. 1, 11, 12 (Paleocene). Vaughan (1945, pl. 26, figs. 3, 4) gave excellent illustrations of verti- cal sections of D. (D.) weaveri and D. (D.) fonslacertensis. These demon- strate that the internal structures are the same. These illustrations should be compared with the Cuban specimen (PI. 33, fig. 3) which has the same internal features. Earlier, Vaughan (19290, pl. 1, fig. 1) illustrated the embryonic and equatorial chambers of D. (D.) weaveri. This illustration shows the initial chamber completely enclosed by the second chamber, but the two chambers are in contact along a limited part of the wall of the second chamber. The illustrations (Vaughan, 1945, pl. 24, figs. 5, 5a, 6) of the embryonic chambers of D. (D.) fonslacertensis show the initial chamber partially embraced by the second chamber. However, these three equatorial sections are not exactly centered and are slightly oblique. There- WA AMERICAN PALEOCENE-EOCENE FORAM.: COLE 38 fore, the differences in the relationship of the initial chamber to the second chamber in these specimens is the result of the plane of the section rather than a difference in the arrangement of the chambers themselves. Obviously, D. (D.) fonslacertensis is a synonym of D. (D.) weavert. Equatorial sections (Vaughan, 1945, pl. 13, figs. 1, 2,5) of D. (D.) grimsdalei are identical with those of D. (D.) weaveri. Although the type illustration (Vaughan and Cole, 1941, pl. 21, fig. 3) of a vertical section of D. (D.) grimsdalei shows a compressed specimen with a depressed central area, Vaughan (1945, pl. 13, fig. 6) illustrated other specimens assigned to this species which are inflated. This inflated specimen has the same internal structure in vertical section as does D. (D.) weaveri (compare fig. 4, pl. 1, Vaughan, 19294, with fig. 6, pl. 13, Vaughan, 1945). Thus, D. (D.) grimsdalei is a synonym of D. (D.) weaveri. Although the illustrations of D. (D.) mestieri (Vaughan, 1945, pl. 12, figs. 1-6) are poor, it is obvious this species is the same as D. (D.) weavert. Moreover, D. (D.) mestieri occurs in Barbados (Vaughan, 1945, p. 18) in the same samples in which Vaughan reported D. (D.) grimsdalei. Vaughan identified the compressed specimens as D. (D.) grimsdalei and certain of the inflated specimens as D. (D.) mestiert. Sachs (1957, p. 117) identified Cuban specimens as D. (D.) mestieri. Additional specimens from Cuba are illustrated (Pl. 33, figs. 3-5). These specimens form an integrated series from compressed individuals (Pl. 33, fig. 4) (= D. (D.) grimsdalei) to inflated specimens (PI. 33, fig. 3) (= D. (D.) fonslacertensis). Two other species should be considered: D. (D.) blanpiedi Vaughan (1936, p. 254) and D. (D.) aguerreverez Caudri (1944, p. 361). The illustrations of both of these species are substandard, but it seems that only one species is represented. Although some uncertainty must exist until addi- tional specimens of D. (D.) blanpiedi can be studied, it seems probable that D. (D.) blanpiedi is another synonym of D. (D.) weavert. Genus Pseudophragmina H. Douyille. 1923 Subgenus Proporeecyelina Vaughan and Cole. 1940 Pseudophragmina (Proporocyeiina) tobleri Vaughan and Cole Pl. 32, figs. 5-12 1941. Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) iobleri Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Pap. 30, p. 62, pl. 21, fig. 6; pl. 22, figs. 3, 4. 1945. Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina\ tobleri Vaughan and Cole, Vaughan, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 9, p. 94, pl. 37, figs. 4, 5. 386 BULLETIN 182 Topotypes (Pl. 32, figs. 5, 6, 8, 11, 12) from sample K 3878, Soldado Rock, Trinidad, are illustrated. Specimens (PI. 32, figs. 7, 9, 10) from sample El 1440, Soldado Rock, Trinidad, which are identical with the topo- types are illustrated for comparison. An enlarged view of the embryonic and periembryonic chambers of a microspheric specimen is given as figure 12, Plate 32. Subgenus Atheecoeyelina Vaughan and Cole, 1940 Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) stephensoni (Vaughan) Pl. 32, figs. 1-4 1929. Discocyclina stephensoni Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., v. 76, Art. 3, p. 16, pl. 6, figs. 1-4 (probably Chicontepec formation). 1936. Discocyclina cookei Vaughan, Jour. Paleont., v. 10, No. 4, p. 256-259, pl. 42, figs. 1-6 (Salt Mountain limestone). 1941. Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) soldadensis Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Pap. 30, p. 62, 63, pl. 19, figs. 4-8 (lower Eocene). 1944. Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) cookei (Vaughan), Cole, Florida Geol. Sur, Bull) 26; p: 87,885 ple sxe) 2S ples. tes 2ORsple 26. ese Onis leeers fig. 5 (Salt Mountain limestone). 1944. Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) cf. cookei (Vaughan), Caudri, Bull. Amer Paleont.)v- 285 INon 1140p) 364-366; ple 1s fiessios Gs ples anon pl. 4, figs. 18, 20 (Paleocene). 1945. Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) soldadensis var. calebardensis Vaughan, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 9, p. 46-49, pl. 17; pl. 18 (Paleocene). 1945. Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) cookei (Vaughan), Vaughan, dem, p. 100, pl. 45, figs. 1, 2. 1945. Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) stephensoni (Vaughan), Vaughan, 7dem, p. 101, pl. 45, figs. 3, 4. 1945. Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) macglameriae Vaughan, idem, p. 102, 103, pl. 46 (Paleocene). 1953. Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) stephensoni (Vaughan), Cole and Her- rick, Bull., Amer. Paleont., v. 35, No. 148, p. 8-10, pl. 2, figs. 4-11 (Paleocene). 1957. Pseudophragmina (Athecocyclina) stephensoni (Vaughan), Sachs, Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 8, Pt. 3, p. 118, 119, pl. 17, figs: 4-10 (Paleocene). The illustration (PI. 32, fig. 1) of a Cuban specimen should be com- pared with those of the specimen from Georgia (Cole and Herrick, 1953, pl. 5, fig. 7), and of the syntype from Mexico (Cole and Herrick, 1953, pl. 5, fig. 8). Obviously, all these specimens should be referred to one species. Vaughan (1945, pl. 45) demonstrated that the equatorial sections of P. (A.) stephensoni and P. (A.) cookei are identical. The vertical sec- tions of these two species are the same (compare fig. 4, pl. 42, Vaughan, 1936, and figs. 6, 7, pl. 26, Cole, 1944, with figs. 7, 8, pl. 5, Cole and Herrick, 1953, and fig. 1, Pl. 32). Therefore, P. (A.) cookez is a synonym of P. (A.) stephensoni. AMERICAN PALEOCENE-EOCENE FORAM.: COLE 387 Caudri (1944, p. 365) stated that the “difference between A. solda- densis and A. cookei would lie chiefly in the number of lateral layers, the former having only 4-5 layers and the latter as many as 8-9.’ Specimens from Georgia identified as P. (A.) stephensoni have from five to nine layers of lateral chambers. The shape of the embryonic and periembryonic chambers which Vaughan (1945, p. 48) stressed as a specific difference is variable. Vaughan (1945, p. 48) wrote: “The embryonic chambers of P. stephensont (pl. 45, figs. 3, 4) and P. cookei (pl. 45, figs. 1, 2) are sur- rounded by an uninterrupted and apparently unsubdivided periembryonic annulus.’’ Yet, careful inspection of one of his illustrations (pl. 45, fig. 3) of the embryonic chambers of P. (A.) stephensoni shows that the first periembryonic annulus is incomplete and actually has its initial part in con- tact with the initial embryonic chamber. Moreover, if this illustration (pl. 45, fig. 3) is compared with the one which he (Vaughan, 1945, pl. 17, fig. 4a) gave of P, (A.) soldadensis calebardensis, it will be seen that they are nearly identical. Thus, P. (A.) soldadensis and the subspecies calebar- densts are synonyms of P. (A.) stephensoni. P. (A.) macglameriae Vaughan is similar to P. (A.) stephensoni. However, the lateral chambers and the equatorial layer have higher open- ings in P. (A.) macglameriae (Pl. 32, figs. 3, 4) than in P. (A.) stephen- som. The relationship of P. (A.) macglameriae to P. (A.) stephensoni is the same as that which Cole (19584, p. 420) demonstrated to be present in Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) flintensis. Specimens in certain ecolo- gical situations tend to develop more fragile tests with thinner walled chambers than do specimens of the same species in different ecological environments. Thus, P. (A.) macglameriae is an ecological variant of P. (A.) stephensoni. If the interpretation is correct that all the species of Pseadophragmina (Athecocyclina), formerly recorded from the American Paleocene and lower Eocene, represent one species, there is only one other species in this subgenus, namely, P. (A.) jukes-brownei Vaughan (1945, p. 48) from the middle Eocene of Barbados. P. (A.) jukes-brownei is so similar to P. (A.) stephensoni that it could be separated from it, if at all, only with difficulty. However, more specimens must be sectioned before this species can be analyzed fully. 388 BULLETIN 182 LITERATURE CITED Barker, R. W. 1939. Species of the foraminiferal family Camerinidae in the Tertiary and Cretaceous of Mexico. U.S. Nat. Mus., Proc., v. 86, No. 3052, p. 305-330, pls. 11-22. Caudri, C. M. B. 1944. The larger Foraminifera from San Juan de los Morros, State of Guarico, Venezuela. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 28, No. 114, p. 1-54, 5 pls., 2 text figs. 1948. Notes on the stratigraphic distribution of Lepidorbitoides. Jour. Paleont., v. 22, No. 4, p. 473-481, pls. 73, 74. Cizancourt, M. de 1951. Grands Foraminiféres du Paléocéne, de l’Eocéne inférieur et de l’Eocéne moyen du Venezuela. Géol. Soc. France, Mém. 64, n.s., v. 30, p. 1-68, 6 pls., 19 text figs. Cole, W.S. 1944. Stratigraphic and paleontologic studies of wells in Florida—No. 3. Florida Geol. Sur., Bull. 26, p. 1-168, 29 pls., 5 text figs. 19534. Eocene and Oligocene larger Foraminifera from the Panama Canal Zone and vicinity. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 244, p. 1-41, 28 pls., 2 text figs. (1952). 1953b. Criteria for the recognition of certain assumed camerinid genera. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 35, No. 147, p. 29-46, pls. 1-3. 19584. Names of and variation in certain American larger Foraminifera, particularly the camerinids—No. 2. Idem, v. 38, No. 173, p. 261-284, pls. 32-34. 19584. Names of and variation in certain American larger Foraminifera, particularly the discocyclinids—No. 3. Idem, v. 38, No. 176, p. 411-429, pls. 50-53. , and Gravell, D. W. 1952. Middle Eocene Foraminifera from Penon Seep, Matanzas Province, Cuba. Jour. Paleont., v. 26, No. 5, p. 708-727, pls. 90-103. , and Herrick, S. M. 1953. Two species of larger Foraminifera from Paleocene beds in Georgia. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 35, No. 148, p. 49-62, pls. 4, 5. Cushman, J. A. 1944. A Paleocene foraminiferal fauna from the Coal Bluff Marl member of the Naheola formation of Alabama. Contrib. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 20, Pt. 2, p. 29-50, pls. 5-8. Gardner, J. 1945. Mollusca of the Tertiary formations of northeastern Mexico. Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 11, 332 pp., 28 pls., 1 fig., 6 tables. AMERICAN PALEOCENE-EOCENE FORAM.: COLE 389 Loeblich, A. R. Jr., and Tappan, H. 1957. Planktonic Foraminifera of Paleocene and early Eocene age from the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 215, p. 173-198, pls. 40-64, text figs. 27, 28. Muir, J. M. 1936. The geology of the Tampico region, Mexico. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 280 pp., 15 pls., 40 figs., 9 tables. Sachs, K. N., Jr. 1957. Restudy of some Cuban larger Foraminifera. Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 3, Pt. 3, p. 106-120, pls. 14-17, 3 text figs. Toulmin, L. D. 1955. Cenozoic geology of southeastern Alabama, Florida and Georgia. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., v. 39, No. 2, p. 207-235, 6 text figs. Vaughan, T. W. 1924. American and European Tertiary Larger Foraminifera. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., v. 35, p. 785-822, pls. 30-36, 6 text figs. 1929a. Actinosiphon semmesi, a new genus and species of orbitoidal Foram- inifera, and Pseudorbitoides trechmanni H. Douvillé. Jour. Paleont., v. 3, IN@s 25 os Wes iS), jal, Pile 1929b. Descriptions of new species of Foraminifera of the genus Discocyclina from the Eocene of Mexico. U.S. Nat. Mus., Proc., v. 76, Art. 3, p. 1-18, 7 pis 1936. New species of orbitoidal Foraminifera of the genus Discocyclina from the lower Eocene of Alabama. Jour. Paleont., v. 10, No. 4, p. 253-259, pls. 41-43. 1945. American Paleocene and Eocene larger Foraminifera. Geol. Soc. Amet., Mem. 9, p. 1-67, 46 pls. 11 text figs. , and Cole, W. S. 1941. Preliminary report on the Cretaceous and Tertiary Foraminifera of Trinidad, British West Indies. Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Paper 30, p. 1-131, 46 pls., 2 text figs. 7 : . ee ee i as “a ae Vt aa , To. PT a PEASIES Figure BULLETIN 182 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 32 Pseudophragmina (Athecoeyelina) stephensoni (Vaughan).-.....--.. 386 1-4. Vertical sections; 1, 4, x 40; 2, 3, x 20. 1. Same specimen as fig. 2 to show the slitlike lateral chambers and low equatorial chambers. 4. Same specimen as fig. 3 to show open lateral chambers and relatively high equatorial chambers. Pseudophragmina (Proporoeyelina) tobleri Vaughan and Cole.... 385 5-8, 10. Vertical sections; 5, 7, 8, 10, x 40; 6, x 20. 5, 6, 8. Topotypes. 8. Same specimen as fig. 6. 9, 11, 12. Parts of equatorial sections; 9, 11, x 40; 12, x 230. 9. Megalospheric individual. 11. Microspheric individual. 12. Same specimen as fig. 11. Locs.—1, 2. Cuba 11863. 3, 4. Caledonia, Alabama. 5, 6, 8, 11, 12. K 3878, Soldado Rock, Trinidad. 7, 9,10. El 1440, Soldado Rock, Trinidad. PLATE 32 BULL, AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 Leh S Ray? * ae ¥ hs? AW? yi mo PLATE 33 BULL. AMER, PALEONT., VOL. 39 AMERICAN PALEOCENE-EOCENE FORAM.: COLE 393 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 33 Figure Page 1, 2, 6-10. Diseoeyelina (Discoeyelina) anconensis Barkev.............c00 B83 1. Part of an equatorial section to show embryonic cham- bers; x 40. 6, 7. Vertical sections of microspheric specimens; x 40. 2, 8-10. Vertical sections of megalospheric specimens; 2, 8, 9, x 20; 10, same specimen as fig. 9, x 40. 3-5. Diseoeyelina (Discoecyeclina) weaveri Vaughan................:00 384 Vertical sections of megalospheric specimens; 3, 5, x 20; 4, x 40. Locs.—1, 2, 7,9, 10. El 1440, Soldado Rock, Trinidad. 3-5. Cuba, 11863. 6. K 3878, Soldado Rock, Trinidad. 8. S 990, Barbados. s. XXVI. XXXI. XXXII. XXXII. XXXIV. XXXYV. XXXVI, XXXVI. XXXVIII. XXXIX. Volume I. “IL Il, GNop, \ 80-87) 29 ' 334 pp. 27 plsy yc! sii cioccseecjuctaddloeopeecsescfeceoendeves Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca (Nos, 88-94B). 306 pp., 30 pls. .......ecceccecseeeeesee ober Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia, Meso- zoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and Maryland Mio- cene mollusks. (Nos. 95-100). 420 pp., 58 pls. oo... cece ccecseeseeeeeee Pi cameasirt Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fossils, Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Eogene corals, and geology and paleontology of Ecuador. (Nos. 101-108). , 376 pp. 36) pls. lei oe aha acide Tertiary Mollusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of Venezuela. (Nos.,,109-134)). 412 po.A54 pls. hie Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian of Idaho, Cretaceous and Eocene mollusks, Cuban and Venezuelan forams. (Nos, 115-196) .\\,.738/pp., 52 pls) Gti ee ee Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods. UNO. TET) 5°. S65\pp..j6a/piss hte Na TT oe Jackson Eocene mollusks. (Nos. 118-128))}) '458-pp5 27° pls! coke oe Venezuelan and California mollusks, Chemung and Pennsyl- vanian crinoids, Cypraeidae Cretaceous, Miocene and Recent corals, Cuban and Floridian forams, and Cuban fossil local- ities. (Nos. 129-133). 294 pp., 39. pls. o.oo al sceceesleennes Silurian cephalopods, crinoid studies, Tertiary forams, and Mytilarca. (Nos, 134-139). .448 ‘pps ST pls. hos WU Ne? Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks, Ecuadoran stratigraphy and paleontology. (Nos, 140-145). »-400' pp. 19 pls. irc i Trinidad Globigerinidae, Ordovician Enopleura, Tasmanian Ordovician cephalopods and Tennessee Ordovician ostra- cods, and conularid bibliography. (Nos. 146-154). 386 pp.i31 pls. osccetdcce locscteescctecsses lene G. D. Harris memorial, camerinid and Georgia Paleocene Foraminifera, South America Paleozoics, Australian Ordo- vician cephalopods, California Pleistocene Eulimidae, Vol- utidae, Cardiidae, and Devonian ostracods from Iowa. (Nos... 155-160)’ A12\pp, 53/plsio0 el a Globotruncana in Colombia, Eocene fish, Canadian-Chazyan fossils, foraminiferal studies. (Nos. 1611-164)2 | '496, pp... 37 pls. hia ek Us Antillean Cretaceous Rudists, Canal Zone Foraminifera, Stromatoporoidea. (Nos. 165-174). Sem e emcee seen seer sense eeeeesanssscesseerenses SIA BS: 38 BIST Ale Sen LAA ia ee) Panama Caribbean mollusks, Venezuelan Tertiary formations and forams, Trinidad Cretaceous forams, American-Euro- pean species. PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA (Nos. 1-5). 519 pp., 75 pls. Monographs of Arcas, Lutetia, rudistids and venerids. CNosi' G-13)>) 534 pp, 37 pls. Me ey lol Ma Heliophyllum halli, Tertiary turrids, Neocene Spondyli, Pale- ozoic cephalopods, Tertiary Fasciolarias and Paleozoic and Recent Hexactinellida. GNass)'13-25).V, 513 \pp..61-Pls.ie isos allies et dh Paleozoic cephalopod structure and phylogeny, Paleozoic siphonophores, Busycon, Devonian fish studies, gastropod studies, Carboniferous crinoids, Cretaceous jellyfish, Platy- strophia, and Venericardia. (Nos. 26, 28). 128 pp., 18 pls. Rudist studies, Busycon. SPT eee Redon en ea esse eeeeeeseessseeseseesees 9.50 9.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 13.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 13.50 15.00 16.00 13.20 20.00 20.00 CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY I. (Nos. 1-5). 354 pp., 32 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca. It. (Nos. 6-10). 347 pp., 23 pls. Tertiary Mollusca and Foraminifera, Paleozoic faunas. Ill. (Nos. 11-15). 402 pp., 29 pls. Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and faunas. IV. (Nos. 16-21). 161 pp., 26 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and faunas. V. (Nos. 22-30). 437 pp., 68 pls. Tertiary fossils mainly Santo Domingan, Mesozoic and Pale- ozoic fossils. VI. (No. 31). 268 pp., 59 pls. Claibornian Eocene pelecypods. VIR \.(No.' 32F. 730 pp. 90. pls.) eR 14.00 Claibornian Eocene scaphopods, gastropods, and cephalopods. VIII. (Nos. 33-36). 357 pp., 15 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca. EX: | CNos: 87-39)... 462 ppy 35. pls. ah Cea 13.00 Tertiary Mollusca mainly from Costa Rica. X. (Nos. 40-42). 382 pp. 54 pls. Tertiary forams and mollusks mainly from Trinidad and Paleozoic fossils. XL. \ENos) 43-46). 272 pp’: 40 plsigyi lo. ei ee Tertiary, Mesozoic and Paleozoic fossils mainly from Vene- XI xii zuela. . (Nos, 47-48). 494 pp., 8 pls. Venezuela and Trinidad forams and Mesozoic invertebrate bibliography. (Nosi/49-50).- ~:264 ppy At plist. 36 eh ee 10.00 Venezuelan Tertiary Mollusca and Tertiary Mammalia. XIV. (Nos. 51-54). 306 pp. 44 pls. Mexican Tertiary forams and Tertiary mollusks of Peru and Colombia. XV. (Nos. 55-58). 314 pp. 80 pls. Mainly Ecuadoran, Peruvian and Mexican Tertiary forams and mollusks and Paleozoic fossils. KVE + (Nos. 59-61) ).; |140:. pp, 48:pls. 0 a Beas 6.00 Venezuela and Trinidad Tertiary Mollusca. XVIL" \CNos, “G265).~ (233 98,'53. Dis... sire ek dipcits,. Dep sd envecagdamonennes 10.00 Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca. RVI.” -GNos, 64-67)3. 286) ppg) BOIS. go cj ceceencctvwagdedecohsnpentczene 9.00 Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals. SES: ‘CNG 68) 272 pp. 24 ply hii VX.de sorte capo bee 9.00 Tertiary Paleontology, Peru. XXs. Nos: 69-00C)s: 266 pp. (26 pls. i. nT isn eo ddl 9.00 Cretaceous and Tertiary Paleontology of Peru and Cuba. EXE :° (NOs. GE72) os S21 Dp. 42 Bless. 6.5.53). ee aerate 9.00 Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy. XXUM. + CNesd. 73-76) ./- S56, pos 31 pla Find Co rcctitealvaito tee detnglt 9.50 Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera. XXOE... (Nos. 77-79). .\ 251 pps, 35 piso... 4 cane Gator aan: 9.00 Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of Conrad. CW HUG 2.1 195! HARVARD UNIVERSITY BULLETINS OF AMERICAN WTOLEONTOLOGY VOL. XXXIX NUMBER 183 1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION | 1958-59 PRESIDENT 522 shoo lies revise Ce Guha ta tcated ont eee ecu LOR SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER WICR-PRESIDENT. 3) cil ysccLocy bateethcneclpctc estar UN Seat Lait sitonte a NorRMAN E. WEISBORD SEGRETARY- LREASURER j2..')5, dh oiccncsaedsteayeecbolycieeitscajatsetilbccel dears REBECCA S. HARRIS OTR ECTORN: fe ose ck eee ee OAT De ek Set Maal KATHERINE V. W. PALMER COTINGRT N88 ee PM Th LOO ea eu ARMAND L. ADAMS Trustees KENNETH E. CASTER (1954-1960) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life) WINIFRED GOLDRING (1955-1961) RALPH A. LIpDLE (1956-62) REBECCA S. Harris (Life) AxEL A. OLsson (Life) SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER (1953-59) NorMAN E. WEISBORD (1957-63) JoHN W. WELIs (1958-64) Sustaining Members Humble Oil & Refining Company, Houston, Texas Jersey Production Research Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma Magnolia Petroleum Company, Dallas, Texas Socony Mobil Company de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela Superior Oil Company, Los Angeles, California BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY and PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA KATHERINE V. W. PAtmeER, Editor Mrs. Fay Brices, Secretary Advisory Board KENNETH E. CASTER HANS KUGLER A. Myra KEEN Jay GLENN Marks G. WINSTON SINCLAIR Complete titles and price list of separate available numbers may be had on application. All volumes available except vols. I-VI, VIII, X, XII, XIV, XV of Bulletins and vol. I of Paleontographica Americana. Subscriptions may be entered at any time by volume or year, with average price of $14.00 per volume for Bulletins. Numbers of Paleontographica invoiced per issue. Purchases in U.S.A. for professional purposes are deductible from income tax. For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place Ithaca, New York U.S.A. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vol. 39 No. 183 PUERTO RICAN UPPER OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA By K. N. Sachs, Jr. Cornell University Ithaca, New York July 31, 1959 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: GS 59-303 MUS. COMP. ZOOL LIBRARY AUG 111959 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Page ANS Lc G leer eee ertite AAR eA Oi Se eatin codecs dana ic Wace naaaa teenies Mavis cauMeaan deen recrtnee eaters: 399 | GRUsHaXaKENE(S FoaTY* nodes Reet nae Sens sSSRe RGR cee Esa Ret oe RAC Rona to aac acai noid Reo Cr nee 399 SHISHA Statin HODMr ARO Maa cgee Scs-ah scan tating Aira eabotsck sen Weeteave tac tees vote tas etaoecReeneee dest 399 TCG YeHAI MTSE ate cece Geren esa aac non TA aC ROME DREGE esis ecco ee eco emma one antrMe Cr cece 400 [RERUGOTA, 3.28 ee tare da een | GRMN RAE SRS Se Oo MRR Soe Sn eee nen A tte a nce ec 400 ZG Vai OMmanncleCOLE abl OMe ccescccvessoce cnc imurtee-sesesaee each sete sb oe mot satay sanaereeanne sueneenTeCees 400 Description of species ............. i 404 Operculina dia (Cole and Ponton) PEM ee he a ae eR Sere ere 404 JQP OWI PEL CPLA (CRU NIDEN © a Sneehecedecananoreoposeenobeeensece anpcepeabhent Gonccennbenbanbos6acer 405 Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina): asterodisca Nuttall ..............0cccccccccecseeeeeeres 406 Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) ‘ciméilei Lemoine and R. Douvillé ......00..00..:. 407 Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) giraudi R. Douvillé .........00ccccccccccccceeteeeeee 407 izmidaocwjoima (Eulepigina) unaosa Cushimat s.c.stssuivvs nig ieee weer 407 Miogypsina (Miogypsina) antillea (Cushman) ............ccccccssccecssessetseeseneeees 408 Miogypsina. (Miogypuipa) i guntert Cole: x. ¥c4 tre e a5 ; 7 » _y as) Bic i 70 PUERTO RICAN UPPER OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA* K. N. SACHs, JR. Cornell University ABSTRACT Nine species of larger Foraminifera from two localities from the San Sebastian formation of upper Oligocene age of Puerto Rico are discussed and illustrated. This fauna is similar to one described from the upper Oligocene part of the Caimito formation of Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, and others from Texas, Cuba, and Trinidad. The intergradation of Heterostegina israelskyi with H. antillea is discussed, and a revised key to American Eocene and Oligocene heterosteginids is given. INTRODUCTION Through the kindness of E. A. Pessagno in the spring of 1956 two samples which had been collected by Peter Mattson of the U.S. Geological Survey from the San Sebastian formation of Puerto Rico were made avail- able for study. As the fauna of these samples was well developed, and as comparatively little information has been published concerning Puerto Rican large Foraminifera, permission was requested from Dr. Mattson and kindly granted by him to record this fauna. The two samples contained abundant, excellently preserved specimens of larger Foraminifera, the species of which are known from numerous localities of the Caribbean and Gulf Coast areas. Thus this part of the San Sebastian formation can be correiated with these areas. The figured specimens are deposited in the Cole collection at Cornell University, and will be presented eventually to the U. S. National Museum. The writer expresses his thanks to Mr. Pessagno and Dr. Mattson for the assistance which they gave so freely. Special thanks are expressed to Dr. W. Storrs Cole who made many helpful suggestions during this investigation. SAN SEBASTIAN FORMATION The San Sebastian formation represents the oldest of the Tertiary formations outcropping in an east-west belt on the north coastal plain of Puerto Rico. It rests unconformably on Cretaceous basement rocks and is composed of sands and gravels at the base which grade upward through siltstones and shales to calcareous shales and marls at the top. Until about 1940, most workers in Puerto Rico assigned the San Sebastian formation to the middle Oligocene (Meyerhoff, 1933). How- ever, little was known concerning the correlation of these sediments with deposits in other areas in the Caribbean and Gulf Coast region. *The cost of the printed plates has been contributed by the William F. E. Gurley Foundation for paleontology of Cornell University. 400 BULLETIN 183 Galloway and Heminway (1941, p. 285) correlated the San Sebastian formation with the middle Oligocene Byram marl on the basis of an in- tensive study of the smaller Foraminifera. In addition, they noted the presence of Heferostegina antillea, Miogypsinoides complanata, and Lepi- docyclina cf. parvula (=L. (Lepidocyclina) giraudi). Zapp and others (1948) considered the San Sebastian to be merely a facies equivalent of the supposedly overlying Lares limestone and Cibao marl, These units were placed collectively in the Rio Guatemala group which was considered to include middle and upper Oligocene strata. LOCALITIES One sample (PR 2895) is an extremely fossiliferous marl which was obtained in a cut on a side road about 100 yards south from its juncture with the San Sebastian—Lares road (Rte. 111), 100 feet east of Km. 28.0. The other sample (PR 2897) is a fossiliferous marl which was obtained in a cut on the San Sebastian—Lares road (Rte. 111) where it crosses Que- brada Collazo at Km. 26.8. FAUNA The nine species of larger Foraminifera found are listed in Table 1. In addition, their relative abundance and occurrence elsewhere in the Caribbean and Gulf Coast region are given. ZONATION AND CORRELATION This fauna is similar to that reported by Cole (19574, p. 314) from the Bohio and Caimito formations of Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone (see Table 1). Of nine species found in the San Sebastian formation, six are also present on Barro Colorado Island. In addition, two of the remaining species are found elsewhere in Panama in the Caimito formation. Four species present on Barro Colorado Island were not found in the Puerto Rican samples. Four of the Puerto Rican species are known to occur in the Lepidocy- clina texana horizon of the Gulf Coast (Gravell and Hanna, 1937). These are Operculinoides ellisorae and O. howei (=Operculina dia), Lepido- cyclina texana (= L. asterodisca), L. colei (= L. giraudi), and Hetero- stegina israelskyi and H. texana (= H. antillea). Eight of the Oligocene species of larger Foraminifera reported from Trinidad by Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 28) are also present in Puerto PUUPH] PUL [[DAVID) vuUPNas 'T Sv “h ULYysNVA /UPLUGSHI “WW Se '8 PUULH PUL [[davIy Wysjapss7 “FT se *¢ uOspoH ssurymvd "Wy sv *L (vuueH pur [Jaavig) samoqg ‘CQ ‘(euuryY pur [[aarsIg) avsosiqj2 ‘EC sev ‘Z TASOOIG Viprlsaqul "Wr Se “9 (9]0D pur urysnv,A) srsuans1jur “CE VUUPH{ PUP [JOAVID 13/09 "T sv °C ‘(9]0D pur uvysnea) ssammas ‘GQ ‘(ajoD pur urysnep) 7¥0019]NG ‘CE Sv ‘T ‘aoULIYTUSIS JATYLYQULND ou Yuasatd =x ‘oIVI=I ‘uOUTWOI=J ‘Uepunqe—v x een. x Cea sai (uewysn) srsuatuvurd (vuz2s0prdajow) x Sta lips i 3s Se I jo tazund or ll? aan | ore Coli ie x peice (ueurysng) voyeur (vurrdk Sor) vurscddSory aa “Rises. ie 5 a) | ueysn vropun (vurpidajng) aa x Com eme x = x x wrtryis scllane on al a]An0g “yf 7pupss op Pog iP Se. mer © = ia ieee _ aIAnog “Y pure suoTWway sazjauvs i p se ioe x ? Si i. B) [[RPHON vasvposaysy (vurpshoopidaT) vurjsksopidaT x & x x x x SE v v a a . uvuysny rappirur pursa1so41a1a HI we: ce xe ae a x a vo (uoyuog pur 3109) vIp vuijn4adQ wy | “wy | 1687 Yd | S687 Ud TAA owe) | oryog Ayyeooy | Ayypeooy VPIIOTY | sexay,| noose Le eqny | ————— ——}- = HHO) || & AL ‘7D ‘vueurg ‘purysy oory orang OpeIOTO) OF1eg OY OVENg Jo vorruUIOT uLIseqag Ug d94} WoIJ vIOpIUTWURIOY JOSIVT Jo satadg fo voNNq!ystq T ATaV.L 402 BULLETIN 183 Rico (see Table 1). Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 28) in referring to this fauna stated: “This is an upper rather than a lower Oligocene fauna’”’. In the Port St. Joe test well No. 3 in Gulf County, Florida (Cole, 1938), Mzogypsina gunteri and Heterostegina texana (= H. antillea) were found in association at a depth of 996 to 1017 feet. At 1017 to 1035 feet, H. texana was found in association with Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa and L, (L.) parvula (= L. (L.) giraudi). In addition, M. guntert was found at a depth of 890 to 911 feet, and H. texana (= H. antillea) at 859 to 890 feet. Cole (19582, p. 202) discussed the occurrence of L. (L.) asterodisca, H. israelskyi (= H. antillea), and Operculina dia at an upper Oligocene Cuban locality. In addition there are specimens of O. dia, H. antillea, L. (L.) asterodisca, L. (L.) giraudi, L. (E.) undosa, and M. (Miogypsina) antillea in the Cole collection at Cornell University which were collected by P. C. Hewitt (1958) from other upper Oligocene localities in Cuba. Cole (19574, 19582) recently discussed the zonation of the Caribbean Oligocene on the basis of larger Foraminifera. An association of Lepido- cyclina (Lepidocyclina) with L. (Eulepidina) characterizes the entire Oligocene. This L. (Lepidocyclina)—L. (Eulepidina) zone as defined by Cole is further subdivided into a lower zone marked by the absence of Miogypsina and an upper zone marked by the presence of Miogypszna. L. (Lepidocyclina) and Miogypsina have been reported from the Culebra formation of the Panama Canal Zone by Cole (1953, p. 332; 1957a, p. 321). As the Culebra formation is placed in the lower Miocene (Woodring, 1957, p. 38) L. (Lepidocyclina) and Miogypsina extend into the American lower Miocene, but L. (Evlepidina) and associated genera and subgenera do not (Cole, 19574, p. 37). The subjoined table summarizes the zonation of the Oligocene and lower Miocene which is followed here. Sample PR 2895 contains L. (Lepidocyclina), L. (Eulepidina), and Miogypsina. The presence of these genera and subgenera clearly demon- strates that it should be referred to the upper or Mzogypsina subzone of the more extensive L. (Lepidocyclina)—L. (Eulepidina) zone. Sample PR 2897 contains L. (Lepidocyclina) and Miogypsina but does not have L. (Eulepidina). Although field evidence demonstrated that PR 2897 is stratigraphically higher than PR 2895, neither the absence of L. (Eulepi- dina) nor the apparent stratigraphic position of this sample is sufficient to outweigh the general aspect of its fauna. Of the six species found in this PUERTO RICAN OLIGOCENE FORAMINIFERA: SACHS 403 TABLE 2 Stratigraphic Distribution of L. (Lepidocyclina), L. (Eulepidina), and Miogypsina OLIGOCENE MIOCENE 2 UPPER i LOWER a Lepidosyclina) as oh, VENIG LLL) —— a <—__—__ Miogypsina ——____—_> sample, only L. (L.) giraudi is known to occur in the L. (Lepidocyclina) —Miogypsina zone of the lower Miocene. The other five species have been reported only from the L. (Lepidocyclina) —L. (Eulepidina) zone. There- fore, both these samples are assigned to the upper Oligocene M/ogypsina subzone of the L. (Lepidocyclina) —L. (Eulepidina) zone. Drooger (1952, p. 25) reported M. gunteri—tani (= M. (M.) antillea) and M. ecuadorensis (= M. (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis) from a sample from the San Sebastian formation which he considered to be of middle Oligocene age. Although he did not list associated species, his locality is seemingly close to those under discussion, and is within the Miogypsina subzone of the L. (Lepidocyclina)—L. (Eulepidina) zone. Later Drooger (1956) suggested a transatlantic correlation by means of Oligocene—Miocene planktonic Foraminifera and miogypsinids. As a result of this study he (1956, p. 187) transferred M. ecwadorensis (= M. (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis) from the middle Oligocene to the Aqui- tanian. In addition, the range of the miogypsinids as a group was con- sidered to extend from upper Oligocene (M/ogypsinoides complanata) to upper Helvetian (M. (M.) anztillea). 404 BULLETIN 183 The correlation between the European and American middle Tertiary as put forth by Drooger was expanded by Akers and Drooger (1957). On the basis of the presence of M. cushmani (= M. (M.) antillea) and M. mexicana (= M. (Mriolepidocyclina) staufferi) in the subsurface Suwannee of Florida they placed the upper boundary of this formation in the Helve- tian, and the overlying Tampa in the uppermost Helvetian and Tortonian. In Panama and the Canal Zone Woodring (1957) correlated the Bohio formation with the Suwannee limestone, placed the fossiliferous part of the Caimito formation in the upper Oligocene, and correlated the Culebra formation with the Tampa limestone which he considered to be Aquitanian (1957, p. 37). Cole (1953, p. 332; 19574, p. 321) reported L. (L.) muraflorensis, L. (L.) waylandvaughani, L. (L.) yurnagunensis, and M. (M.) antillea from the Culebra formation. Therefore, this seemingly belongs in the L. (Lepidocyclina)—Miogypsina zone of the lower Miocene. The Tampa limestone of Florida is not known to have either Lep7- docyclina or Miogypsina, If the Tampa limestone and the Culebra forma- tion are Aquitanian, the underlying Suwannee must be largely Chattian inasmuch as the Suwannee contains L. (Evlepidina) which in the Americas is apparently restricted to the Oligocene. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES Family Camerinidae Genus Opereulina d’Orbigny, 1826 1959. Operculinoides Hanzawa, Cole, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 39, No. 181, p. 352. Operculina dia (Cole and Ponton ) Pl. 34, figs. 35 4 7, 12 1930. Operculinella dia Cole and Ponton, Florida Geol. Sur., Bull. 5, p. 37. 1958. Operculinoides dia (Cole and Ponton), Cole, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 38, No. 170; *p: 198-200; pl: 22, figs. 1-33 pl. 24, fig: 55, (pl. 25seiiesw ste (references ). Remarks.—As Cole (1959, p. 352) demonstrated recently that Oper- culinoides 1s a synonym of Operculina, all of the American species formerly referred to Operculinoides must be assigned to the genus Operculina d’Orbigny. Typical specimens of O. dia were abundant in both samples studied. The only species with which O. dia might be confused is O. trinitatensis. However, O. dia may be distinguished from this species by the sharp distal recurvature of the chamber walls as seen in median section (fig. 12, Pl. 34). PUERTO RICAN OLIGOCENE FORAMINIFERA: SACHS 405 Occurrence in Puerto Rico.—Localities PR 2895, PR 2897. Occurrence elsewhere.—Cuba, Mexico (as O. semmesi, O. antiguen- sis), Trinidad (as O. bulbrooki, O. semmesi, O. antiguensis), Antigua (as O. antiguensis), Carriacou, Texas (as O, ellisorae, O. howe?), Florida (as O. dia, O. vicksburgensis). Genus Heterostegina d’Orbigny, 1826 Heterostegina antillea Cushman Rin ZAchgss ol. OS Piy 35, ies. 3-6, 10-12; Pl. 36, fig. 8 1919. Heterostegina antillea Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 291, pyaoy SO} pl. 2. fig. Jib; pl. Si figs: 1, 2: 1957. Heterostegina antillea Cushman, Cole, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 37, No. 163, p- 327, pl. 25, figs. 3-5 (references). 1957. Heterostegina israelskyi Gravell and Hanna, Cole, idem, p. 327, 328, pl. 25, figs. 8, 9. Remarks.—Gravell and Hanna (1937) erected two new species of Heterostegina. H. israelskyi was separated from other American hetero- stegines on the ‘thinner and more fragile character of the test’’, whereas H. texana, an umbonate type, was considered to differ from H. antillea which it closely resembled in that the thickened portion of the test occupied a greater proportion of the total diameter of the test. Cole (19574, p. 327) placed H. texana in the synonymy of H. antillea. However, he maintained H. israe/skyi as a separate species and utilized the presence or absence of a district umbo as a distinguishing character between H. antillea and H, israelskyi in his key to the American species of Hetero- Stegina. The material from locality PR 2895 yielded numerous heterosteginids in an excellent state of preservation which at first were believed to represent both H. zsraelskyi and H. antillea. However, examination of a large num- ber of these specimens showed a gradational series to exist, ranging from strongly umbonate individuals of the H. antzllea type to thin, nonumbonate ones of the H. ssraelskyi type. This series is illustrated by figures 5, 12, 6, 11, 3, 4and 10 of Plate 35 in that order. These should be compared with Cole’s figures (19574, pl. 25, figs. 4, 5, 6). All the specimens have a single undivided operculine type of chamber following the embryonic apparatus. Cole (1952, p. 12) recorded that the next chamber is subdivided into three or more chamberlets. Gravell and Hanna’s illustration (1937, pl. 62, fig. 3) of this first subdivided chamber does not show clearly, but there appear to be only two chamberlets present. 406 BULLETIN 183 The specimens from Puerto Rico consistently have only two chamberlets present in the first subdivided chamber. However, this slight difference in subdivision does not apparently have any taxonomic significance. Inasmuch as a complete gradation of forms without any significant break is present in specimens from a single population, Heterostegina israelskyi Gravell and Hanna is considered a synonym of Heferostegina antillea Cashman. A revised key to the American Eocene and Oligocene species of Heterostegina is given below. Occurrence in Puerto Rico.—Localities PR 2895, PR 2897. Occurrence elsewhere—Panama Canal Zone (as H. antillea, H. israelskyi), Republic of Panama (as H. antillea, H. israelsky?), Cuba (as H. israelskyi), Trinidad, Antigua, Venezuela, Carriacou, Mexico, Texas (as H. texana, H. israelskyi), Florida. Revised Key to the American Eocene and Oligocene Species of Heterostegina A. Test involute, evenly biconvex with pronounced axial plug. 1. With one to four operculine chambers........ 1al panamensis Gravell B. Test evolute, more or less compressed. 1. With one operculine Ghambete oe eee H. antillea Cashman 2. With two to fourteen operculine chambers ....H. ocalana Cushman Family Orbitoididae Genus Lepidoeyelina Gimbel, 1870 Subgenus Lepidocyelina Gumbel, 1870 Lepidoeyelina (Lepidocyclina) asterodisea Nuttall Pl. 35, figs. 7, 9 1932. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) asterodisca Nuttall, Jour. Paleont., v. 6, p. 31435, ple 7, HES D578 pio ees 10: 1952. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) asterodisca Nuttall, Cole, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Pap. 244, p. 17, 18, pl. 17, fig. 4 (references). 1958. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) asterodisca Nuttall, Cole, Bull. Amer. Pale- ont., v. 38, No. 170, p. 201, 202, pl. 22, fig. 6; pl. 23; pl. 24, figs. 6, 7. Remarks.—Typical four- and five-rayed specimens of Lepidocyclina (L.) asterodisca are common at locality PR 2895. Occurrence in Puerto Rico.—Locality PR 2895. Occurrence elsewhere-—Panama Canal Zone, Cuba, Trinidad, Texas (as L. texana), Venezuela, Mexico. PUERTO RICAN OLIGOCENE FORAMINIFERA: SACHS 407 Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) canellei Lemoine and R. Douvyillé AL Si, dives, (GS IPM, SiS), sales foh8 Jel 2¥6), inkess Ae 7) 1904. Lepidocyclina canellei Lemoine and R. Douvillé, Soc. Géol. France, Mem., We 1D, jd, AOS jos, i, ies, Ws pol, 3) Ks, Se 1952. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) canellei Lemoine and R. Douvillé, Cole, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Pap. 244, p. 18-20, pl. 16, figs. 1-22; pl. 17, figs. 1-3 (references). Remarks.—Abundant, well-preserved specimens of this distinctive and readily recognized species were present in the sample from locality PR 2895, and occurred rarely in the other sample. The equatorial section (PI. 36, fig. 7) illustrates the arrangement of the periembryonic chambers exceptionally well. Occurrence in Puerto Rico.—Localities PR 2895, PR 2897. Occurrence elsewhere.—Panama Canal Zone, Republic of Panama, Cuba, Trinidad, Jamaica, Venezuela. Antigua, Carriacou. Lepidocyelina (Lepidocyelina) giraudi R. Douvillé Pl, B55 wes, Il, Z 1907. Lepidocyclina giraudi R. Douvillé, Soc. Géol. France, Bull., ser. 4, v. 7, p. ROSS, fall, NO; wes, O, WO, WS, 6: 1957. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) giraudi R. Douvillé, Cole, Bull. Amer. Rralleoyote,, Wo SH, INO, GG, jo, Ail, HA, folk 2 sues, BS jolly Sy atveee I, Pe jal, ©, wes, il, 2 (references). Remarks.—Inasmuch as this abundant and well-known species has recently been discussed by Cole (1957, p. 41), no further remarks will be given. Occurrence in Puerto Rico.—Localities PR 2895, PR 2897. Occurrence elsewhere——Panama Canal Zone (as L. parvula, L. giraudi), Republic of Panama (as L. parvula, L. giraudi), Cuba (as L. parvula, L. antiguensis, L. giraudi), Trinidad (as L. parvula, L. giraud?), Antigua (as L. parvula, L. antiguensis), Jamaica (as L. parvula), Martini- que, Carriacou, Texas (as L. parvula, L. cole7), Florida (as L. parvula). Subgenus Eulepidina H. Douvillé, 1911 Lepidocyclina (Kulepidina) undosa Cushman PAL, Byatt, 2, Si, 1919. Lepidocyclina undosa Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 291, Ds Oy jlo A rites, ile. 1945. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cushman, Cole, Florida Geol. Sur., Bullle28sip.. 45, 44, pls iorfiss. 14, 153 pl 2, fie. 8 pl 8, fe. 75 pk 11, hess (references). Remarks.—The vertical sections of L. (Eulepidina) undosa from locality PR 2895 are typical of the species. However, equatorial sections of the majority of the specimens examined show nephrolepidine arrangement of the embryonic apparatus. 408 BULLETIN 183 Gradation between the nephrolepidine and eulepidine types of em- bryonic chambers has been recognized for some time, particularly in L. (E.) undosa. Vaughan (1924, pl. 34, figs. 5, 6) illustrated two topotypes of this species, one of which shows a nephrolepidine arrangement of the embryonic apparatus and the other eulepidine. Furthermore, he (1926, p. 394) remarked, ‘The embryonic chambers [of L. wndosa} are large, thick- walled, and of the Nephrolepidine type. They grade into the Eulepidine type of :chambetsi 2. 2; Inasmuch as numerous specimens referred to this species have the more advanced eulepidine type of embryonic chambers, most specialists have classified this species as Eulepidina rather than Nephrolepidina, although both subgeneric designations have been given it. Occurrence in Puerto Rico.—Locality PR 2895. Occurrence elsewhere —Panama Canal Zone, Cuba, Trinidad, Antigua, Jamaica, Venezuela, Cayman Islands, Mexico, Alabama, Florida. Family Miogypsinidae Genus Miogypsina Sacco, 1893 Subgenus Miogypsina Sacco, 1893 Miogypsina (Miogypsina) antillea (Cushman) Pl. 34, fig. 8 1919. Heterosteginoides antillea Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 291, P20) pls tiess5)6: 1957. Miogypsina (Miogypsina) antillea (Cushman), Cole, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 37, No. 163, p. 320, 321, pl. 26, figs. 6, 7; pl. 28, figs. 1-9; pl. 29, figs. 1-9 (references ). Remarks.—Galloway and Heminway (1941, p. 444) described Meo- gypsinoides complanata from the San Sebastian formation of Puerto Rico. Drooger (1952, p. 23-26) restudied material from one of Galloway and Heminway’s localities in the San Sebastian formation, and assigned the names Miogypsina ex. interc. gunteri-tani and Miogypsina ecuadorensis to the specimens he found. He considered that the specimens described by Galloway and Heminway were, at least in part, the same as his. Cole (19574, p. 320) considered M. ex. interc. gunteri-tani a synonym of M. antillea, and M. (Miolepidocyclina) ecuadorensis a synonym of M. (Mio- lepidocyclina) panamensts. Specimens examined from locality PR 2895 are of two types, The majority of the specimens are considered to be M. antillea. Comparison of fig. 8, Pl. 34 with fig. 4, pl. 28 of Cole (19574) will show the close similarity of equatorial sections of this species from Puerto Rico and the PUERTO RICAN OLIGOCENE FORAMINIFERA: SACHS 409 Panama Canal Zone. The remainder of the specimens from locality PR 2895 are considered to be M. gumteri, and are discussed under that species. Occurrence in Puerto Rico.—Locality PR 2895. Occurrence elsewhere——Panama Canal Zone (as M. antillea, M. intermedia, M. cushmani), Republic of Panama, Cuba (as M. antillea, M. irregularis, M. irregularis—intermedia, M. intermedia, M. imtermedla— cushmani), Trinidad (as M. tani), Jamaica, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Carria- cou, Tintamarre (as M. intermedia—cushmani), Dominican Republic (as M. antillea, M. tani—irregularis), Florida (as M. antillea, M. irregularis, M. irre gularis—intermedia, M. intermedia, M. cushmant). Miogypsina (Miogypsina) gunteri Cole Pl. 34; figs. 9, 111; Pl. 36, figs. 1, 3, 4 1937. Miogypsina (Miogypsina) cf. M. irregularis (Michelotti), Barker and Grimsdale, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, v. 14, p. 163-166, pl. 5, figs. 4, 5, 7-105 ply 7etigs:-2,. 3: 1938. Miogypsina (Miogypsina) gunteri Coles Florida Geol. Sur., Bull. 16, p. 42, 43, pl. 6, figs. 10-12, 14; pl. 8, figs. 1, 2, 4-9. 1957. Miogypsina (Miogypsina) gunteri Cole, Cole, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 37, No. 1163) p. 321, 322, pl. 26, figs. 1-4, 8, 9: pl. 27, fig. 1 (references). Remarks.—In addition to M, (Miogypsina) antillea a small number of specimens of M. (Miogypsina) gunteri were found in both samples. The Puerto Rican specimens of M. gunterz examined in thin-section are typical of the species as originally described and illustrated by Cole (1938, p. 42). Figures 9 and 11 of Plate 34 should be compared with Cole’s figutes (1938, pl. 8, figs. 1, 7). Occurrence in Puerto Rico.—Localities PR 2895, PR 2897. Occurrence elsewhere —Panama Canal Zone, Trinidad (as M. guntert, M. basraensis), Dominican Republic (as M. gunteri, M. thalmannz) , Costa Rica (as M, gunteri, M. tant), Mexico, Florida. Subgenus Miolepidocyelina A. Silvestri, 1907 Miogypsina (Miolepidocyelina) panamensis (Cushman ) Pl. 36, figs. 5, 6 1918. Heterosteginoides panamensis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 103, p. 97, pl. 43; figs. 3-8, not figs. 1, 2. 1957. Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis (Cushman), Cole, Bull. Amer. Paleontsive 37,)INOs 163, ps 522, 323:eple 26) tie pl 27) hes. 2-8. Remarks.—The material from locality PR 2897 contained a number of specimens of M. (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis which show the charac- teristic subcentral embryonic apparatus with a well-developed coil of peri- embryonic chambers. Figure 6 of Plate 36 should be compared with the illustrations given by Cole (1957a, pl. 27, figs. 2-8). 410 BULLETIN 183 Occurrence in Puerto Rico.—Locality PR 2897. Occurrence elsewhere-—Panama Canal Zone, Republic of Panama, Ecuador (as M. ecuadorensis) , Carriacou, California (as M. ecwadorensis), Florida. LITERATURE ‘Cll ED Akers, W. H., and Drooger, C. W. 1957. Miogypsinids, planktonic Foraminifera, and Gulf Coast Oligocene— Miocene correlations. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Bull. v. 41, No. 4, p. 656-678, 2 text figs. Cole, W. Storrs 1938. Stratigraphy and micropaleontology of two deep wells in Florida. Florida Geol. Sur., Bull. 16, 73 pp., 12 pls. 1952. Eocene and Oligocene larger Foraminifera from the Panama Canal Zone and vicinity. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Pap. 244, p. 1-41, pls. 1-28, 2 text figs. 1953. Some late Oligocene larger Foraminifera from Panama. Jour. Paleont., v. 27, No. 3, p. 332-337, pls. 43, 44. 1957a. Late Oligocene larger Foraminifera from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 37, No. 163, p. 309-338, pls. 24-30. 1957b. Variation in American Oligocene species of Lepidocyclina. Idem, v. 38, No. 166, p. 31-51, pls. 1-6. 19584. Names of and variation in certain American larger Foraminifera— No. 1. Idem, v. 38, No. 170, p 175-213, pls. 18-25. 1958h. Larger Foraminifera from Carriacou, British West Indies. Idem, v. 38, No. 171, p. 219-233, pls. 26-29. 1959. Names of and variation in certain Indo-Pacific camerinids. Idem, v. 39, No. 181, p. 345-371, pls. 28-31. Drooger, C. W. 1952. Study of American Miogypsinidae. Doctor's Diss. Utrecht, p. 1-80, 3 pls., 18 text figs. 1956. Transatlantic correlation of the Oligo—Miocene by means of Foramini- fera. Micropaleontology, v. 2, No. 2, p. 183-192, 1 text fig. Galloway, J. J., and Heminway, C. E. 1941. The Tertiary Foraminifera of Porto Rico. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, v. 3, Pt. 4, p. 275-491, 36 pls. Gravell, D. W., and Hanna, M, A. 1937. The Lepidocyclina texana horizon in the Heterostegina zone, upper Oligocene, of Texas and Louisiana. Jour. Paleont., v. 11, No. 6, p. 517- 529, pls. 60-65. PUERTO RICAN OLIGOCENE FORAMINIFERA: SACHS 411 Hewitt, P. C. 1958. Larger Foraminifera of certain Eocene and Oligocene formations of Cuba. Unpublished Doctor's Thesis, Cornell University, 75 pp., 9 tables, 5 text figs., 3 pls. Meyerhoff, H. A. 1933. The geology of Puerto Rico. Univ. Puerto Rico, Mon., ser. B, No. 1, 306 pp., 45 text figs., map. Vaughan, T. W. 1924. American and European Tertiary larger Foraminifera. Geol. Soc. Amer., Bull., v. 35, p. 785-822, pls. 30-36. 1926. Species of Lepidocyclina and Carpenteria from the Cayman Islands, and their geological significance. Geol. Soc. London, Quart. Jour., v. 82, Pt. 3, p. 388-400, pls. 24-26. , and Cote, W. Storrs 1941. Preliminary report on the Cretaceous and Tertiary larger Foraminifera of Trinidad, British West Indies. Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Pap. 30, p. 1-137, 46 pls., 2 text figs. Woodring, W. K. 1957. Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Pan- ama (gastropods, Trochidae to Turritellidae). U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Pap. 306-A, 145 pp., 23 pls., 4 text figs. Zapp, A. D., Bergquist, H. R., and Thomas, C. R. 1948. Tertiary geology of the coastal plains of Puerto Rico. U.S. Geol. Sur., Oil and Gas Investigation, Prelim. Map 85, 2 sheets. u ; i) wT Sen a a _ ne bat an ae oes hee SS edt et - fl ged a mal , i 7 Bi. Le ageet, tet _ 2 - - r - £ - p - : : 7 : ; 7 ty, 2 ¥ Ss = ’ 7 - : 2a _ v - PEATEs 414 8, 4, 7, 12. ie) 3} alte BULLETIN 183 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 34 Heterostegina antillea Cushman.....................:..::ccscscssconseceersonees 405 1. Part of a median section, x 40, to show the single oper- culine chamber and the division of the succeeding chamber into two chamberlets. 10. Median section, x 20. Operculina dia (Cole and) Pomton))-ccsccec-serencesccesccee--weeesraeesseeees 404 3, 12. Median sections, x 20, to show the sharp distal recurva- ture of the chamber walls and variation in size of the test. 4,7. Transverse sections, x 20. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cushman...........:.0. 407 2. Equatorial section, x 20, of a specimen with a nephrolepi- dine embryonic apparatus. 7. Vertical section, x 20. Lepidocyelina (Lepidocyelina) canellei lemoine “and (RO Doyles. c.cz.cceeececcceeececcnesceee eee nocoenee ce eee 407 Vertical section, x 40. Miogypsina (Miogypsina) antillea (Cushman)...........:00 408 Equatorial section, x 40. Miogypsina (Miogypsina) gunteri Cole............::ccceeiees 409 9. Vertical section, x 40, of a specimen which has only a small number of lateral chambers on each side of the equatorial layer. Note that only one embryonic chamber can be seen directly below the peripheral periembryonic chamber. 11. Equatorial section, x 40. All specimens from locality PR 2895, Puerto Rico. BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 PLATE 3 PLATE 35 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 e e? ee J e ee aae Q0* ote. PUERTO RICAN OLIGOCENE FORAMINIFERA: SACHS 415 3-6, 10-12. (va) EXPLANATION OF PLATE 35 Lepidocyclina (Lepidoeyelina) giraudi R. Douvillé ............... 407 1. Equatorial section, x 20, to show the arcuate equatorial chambers near the center of the test, and short hexagonal chambers near the periphery. ine) . Vertical section, x 40. Heterostegina antillea Cushman...............:ccccccceeesceeeeeseeeeeerseees 405 Transverse sections, x 20, to show gradation from umbonate individuals (fig. 5) to thin individuals (fig. 10). Lepidocyelina (Lepidocyelina) canellei IEnoI Vous TehaVolnl See, WO Yop all Ui coMsaceorceseoctaconscconoceoeeecsacacetcnecdecerobesoscas 407 Equatorial section, x 40, to show the hexagonal equatorial chambers. Lepidocyelina (Lepidocyelina) asterodisea Nuttall................ 406 7. Vertical section, x 20. 9. Equatorial section, x 20, of a five-rayed specimen. All specimens from locality PR 2895, Puerto Rico. 416 Figure No 3, 4. ~I . 6. BULLETIN 183 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 36 Page Miogypsina (Miogypsina) gunnteri Cole... eee eeerees 409 Equatorial sections, x 40. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyelina) canellei Lemoine: and!” Riv SDOUViNE Sick cisco a sctes ccc mestecses-ccteeencee meracenetacces 407 2. Vertical section, x 40. 7. Equatorial section, x 40, to show the arrangement of the perti- embryonic chambers. Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis (Cushman).......... 409 Equatorial sections, x 40, to show the subcentral location of the embryonic apparatus and the arrangement of the periembryonic coil. Heterostegina antillea; ‘CuSbManc. cccc.ca:sc---c-oteseccocsonseccact ccs cecesacensnoears 405 Median section, x 20. All specimens from locality PR 2897, Puerto Rico. BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 39 PLATE 36 INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIX Note:—Light face figures refer to pages. Heavy face figures refer to plates. A Abathomphalus mayaro- ensis zone . 260, 261, 264, 269 abbotti, Miralda .......... 1 6, 44 Odostomia .......... 14, 44 aberrans, Alvania ....... 11 Goralitopiilaee 16 abnormis, Gaudryina . 115 Pseudogaudryina |... 115 abrupta, Cerithiopsis .... 13 Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia 35. © acanikos, Chlamys ........ 313, 314 Acanthochitona ........... 23 Acanthopleura ......... 23 acceler, (CERES soasnssoe 18 aciculaba, Ocinebrina .... 41 acicularis, Cypraea _.. 15 aciculata, Mazatlania .. 16 IAGIiSMe eres: chee 14 Acmaea SR ase: _ 10 acompsus, Cadulus 23 acostaensis, Globorotalia gee Ly/ BO), O23 OS, 97, 207, 208, 209, 214, 219 Lagenonodosaria ......7 108, 122 PNGECOCINA eee eee: - G, ie, 38 Acteon ............. ide 4c 18, 38 Actinosiphon ae 382 acuta, Nuculana ee 19 acutocarinata, Cristel- laniawenes 2y7/ Saracenaria wien 1g h7/ acutus, Rhizorus s 18 adamsi, Arcopsis ............ 19 Seilaie cere enc. ss. il) SiG liam ee eee: Lil adamsiana, Persicula ....1 6G, 17, #40) TRAIDGEA, < sassecene 1 5 20) adamsiana weberi, Persicula ue fl 6, 17, 20 Rabicea ....... el 6, 40 adelus, Antillophos 16 advena, Bolivina ..... x 144 Frondicularia 120 Globoquadrina ......... 182 Nodosaria ... ¥ 120 cf. advena, Dentalina 120 aequilateralis, Globi- Cental 169, 171 Globigerinella ......... 171 cf. aequilateralis, ASHE ehittd eee ee 171 aequilateralis aequilater- alis, Hastigerina .....8 aequilateralis involuta, Hastigerina .. 8 Aequipecten ene aequivalvis, Corbula . affine, Nonion affinis, Nonion Nonionina Tricolia affinis cruenta, Tricolia Agaronia ..... Agua Salada group - 17 67, 68, 70, Pl NODS BP aguerreverei, Disco- cyclina ... Akers, W. H. (NBO 20 Alabama Alaska ... alata, Bolivina .... Frondicularia .... Mactra : alatus, Isognomon. ........ alazanensis, Anomalina.. Bolivina Bulimina Frondicularia Vaginulina alba, Anodontia Albatross material . albella, Mitrella albicostata, Mitra albida, Rissoina albidum, Epitonium ...... albina, Chlamys : albinodata, Monilispira.. albocincta, Mitra ........... Monilispira albolineata, Hyalina ... albovittata, Pyrgocythara albus» Nassarius) =... albus consensus, INassarctuseeee see ee alexanderi, Hasti- PeEINOId ese eee algicola, Cerithium ....... alligata, Bulimina ..... 6 Almirante ........ alii, IDWOYG(OVEI .secenseagnna- altermatas del lina esses altiapertura, Globi- gerinoides ...... < alticostata, Turritella - 417 384, 385 184, 206, 214, Piles 404 WA 16 263 13 149 11-13, 15-23, 42 24 21 106, 187 328 altiformis, Gyroidi- NOTES eee altispira, Globigerina os Globoquadrina .... altispira altispira, Globoquadrina ........8 altispira globosa, Globoquadrina sailil Alum Bluff formation Alvania . alveata, Ocenebra .......... Ocinebrina ; Alveolophragmium .....6 Alveovalvulinella ambiguus, Nassarius ...... American Philosophical Society americana, Astraea Cristellaria Glycymeris Panopaea . americana grandis, Cristellaria americana spinosa, Cristellaria = americanus, Cibicides Pectunculus Robulus Spondylus americanus grandis, Robulus americanus spinosus, Robulus Ammiobaculites Ammodiscus ......... ammonoides, Nautilus Operculina 28-31 Amphistegina ampliapertura, Globi- gerina Anachis Anadara anceps, Aspella anconensis, Disco- cyclina .. 33 Andes Mountains angelonu, Chlamys angulatus, Turbinella .... angulifera, Divaricella Littorina INDEX 107, 160, 163 183 79, 185 183 7195 18351185 290 83, 107, 110, 111 83, 107,116 16 5 aa: 130 293 326 131 tesa 8552233225 131 ia 108, 109 356 349, 352, 353, 354, 356, 360 165, 354,361 90, 173 16 19, 287, 288, 290, 331 15 380, 383 5 ails) 17 51 11 Lucina angulisuturalis, Globigerina ......... fee Anculocerinay eee angulosa, Tellina angusta, Fissurella angustiumbilicata, Globigerina ...... eT Anodontia . amomalaelSelitcaies sae: Anomalina Anomalinoides ..... Anomalocardia Anticlimax . Antigona be: antiguensis, Operculina.. antillarum, Acmaea Eponides Lyropecten Oxynoe antillea, Hetero- stegina Heterosteginoides Miogypsina antillensis, Sphenia . Antillophos . Antiqua antiquatus, Hipponix .... antiguensis, Lepido- cyclina aparimaensis, gerinita . ipertura, Globigerina....8 , Globi- Patella Apia Harbor, Samoa Islancsmee eee Applin, Esther R. cf. apsidostroba, Planomalina ..........20 Aquitanian Arca Globo- archeomenardii, rotalia INTARITCACCOSDIUCE, socemarcacseneer Arcopsis arcuata, Diodora 4% Melanella . ; arcuatostriatus, Robulus.. 418 400, 402, 405, 406 408 402, 404, 408 22 16 47, 405, 406, 407, 408 14 407 104 80, 100, 172, 173 2p 356 350 259 72, 93, 94, 104, 331, 404 19, 285, 288, 290 77, 992s 215 arcuatostriatus caroli- nianus, Robulus . arcuatus, Pecten ..... Arene Argentine Argopecten | eed argus, Nitidella ....... armata, Miralda .... arta, Bolivina ..4. Asaphis Ashtarotha Aspella asperoides, Lagena Assilina Astacolus .... Astarte Asterocyclina oer asterodisca, Lepido- Astian Astraea Astraelia .... Athecocyclina Athleenia . Atlantic Ocean atlantica, Philobrya atlanticus, Conus ........ Atrato Valley, Panama.. attenuata, Uvigerina ... Atys auberiana, Alvania . Uvigerina auberiana attenuata, Uvigerina audonibi, Chlamys aureocincta, Marginella.. auritulus, Cantharus ...... ZXUS tralian eee Austria avena, Hyalina . avena beyerleana, Hyalina Baculogypsinoides .......... Bahamas . Bailya balesi, Pleuromalaxis Ms Psendomalanis Bambusum Hanae Pcie. 2 barbadensis, Actino- siphon . GyGlinaweee ee o> INDEX 131 285, 296 BS, iil 22>) 22 285, 318, 319, 331 15 108, 121 354 108, 119, 138 318, 319, 330 381 400, 402, 406 UWS) 3X80) Fissurella 10 Lepidocyclina 382 Mitra ..... 17 Polylepidina 382 Barbados 47, 378, 380, 383 Barbatia .. ; 19 barbatula, Uvigerina ae 155 barber, Discocyclina eS 384 barbouri, Fissurella 10 Barker, R. W. 349 Barrackpore, Trinidad 89 Barremian ...... : >) barri, Biglobigerinella n 258, 263 Globigerinatheka 94 Lenticulina Zu, Barrier Reef 354 Barro Colorado Island ; barisanensis, 399, 400 Globorotalia . Wis Tks, G2, OF, 118, 138-142, 161, 1166 189, 197, 198, 202, 210, 211, DD, D5,.2205 218 Bartenstein, H. 139 Bartsch 2a lee 28, 44 dartschi, Operculina....28 360 Solariorbis - 12 basicordata, Uvigerina 156 basispinosa, Marginulina 124 basispinosus, Marginulinopsis 6 WO), 805, 82, Sars 423s 24D ellos: bassleri, Chlamys .......... 33 Bastimentos Island, Panama ........ st 9 Batillaria 13 Bayano Valley, Panama. 7 beccarii, Nautilus ...... 163 Rotalia ai 163 Beckmann, J. pe Ses 68 Belgium ..... .. 288, 290, 331 Belize, British Honduras 50 bella, Tricolia i Berdan, Jean Pee 283 Bermudez. eee Vis 132 bermudezi, Hastigerinella 16 222 Operculinoides eae 382 Bernard, F. E. 46, 52 bernardi, Carditopsis XY, Sz Condylocardia .......... 5 52 besseri, Flabellipecten.... 302, 303 beyerleans, Hyalina ...... 17 beyrichi, Bolivina ........ 147 419 beyrichi alata, Bolivina.. bicolor, Isognomon biconica, Brachycythara bidentata, Cylichna Biglobigerinella ... Biglobigerinella barri zone Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands bilabiata, Truncatella ... bilineata, Strombiformis bilobata, Biorbulina....13 Globigerina ............ bimaculatus, Glycymeris Biorbulina .... eae Birnage, G. N. birnageae, Globo- rotalia bispherica, Globigerina.. Globigerinatella Globigerinoides .......11 78, 90, INDEX 147 19 18 18 170, 263 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 267 77, 78, 104, 107, 199, 201 68, 210 Tey WSs ATL 92, 104, 107, 114, 125. 127s 1298157. , 152, 161, 163, 166, 177, 183, 189, 191, 199, 200, 218, 22222 4e4, £4 bisulcata, Noetia ........... Bitler, W. S. bitleri, Arene ..............2 Marevalvata .... 2 Bittium ..... blakei, Vitrinella . z blandiana, Caryocorbula blanesi, Jaspidella ......1 blanpiedi, Discocyclina Blauneria - Blow, W. H. Blow, Walter H. Age, Correlation, and Biostratigraphy of the Upper Tocuyo (San Lorenzo) and Pozén Formations, eastern Falcén, Venezuela blowi, Planomalina ...20 Bocas... Bocas del Toro, Panama , 206, 208, 214, 215, 29994 995) 206 NF 379, 384, 385 19 7 {cpus Pee oho 199, 201, 260 67 257, 259 102284025 5,0 Di VAG; 50, Sipno2 Bocas Island, Panama... Sos oes 26; 2s 28529 Oe BY eis BY, 255. 215, 37 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45; AT AS ee pocasensis, Gibberula... 4 Gb, Sh) Bohio formation ............ 400, 404 Bolderian layers ............ 290 Bolivina 845 85 sallOne 126, 131, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 157, 165 bollenensis, Chlamys .... 312 Bolli, H. M., Planktonic Foraminifera from the Cretaceous of Trini- abval 188 Wi Ile caasonateeece 253 BOWS TSle IME cc cchcedccenmnne Gi, GSaaw2- 77, 87, “88; (895 —90miaiS. 174, 175, 178, 185, 186, 190, 191, 198, 211 bollii, Globigerinoides ....10 80, 81, 188, 189 Bolli, H., Loeblich, A.R., and Tappan, H. 108, 170, 201 borealisseAstarte ne 330 BORMeOis neo cet ee 353 Bouches-du-Rhone, Brancesee tee 343 Brachidontes .............. ie 19 Brachycythata “0.2... 18 Bradyaebing SS pees eee 111, 126, 169, 17OigdeetarS bradyi, Globigerina ....7 7/3} brasiliana, Anomalocardia ......... 21 IATENE! Aa eeet ee ee 11 brasiliensis, Iphigenia... 22 brevicaudatus, Latirus... 7 brevifrons, Macoma ...... 21 British Honduras .......... 50 British Petroleum Co., Tete oe eke he he ee ee 67, 68, 176, 210 Bronnimann, P. . WZ, 5 LU 116, 205 BtoOrzeis bee. 159 browniana, Rissoina ...... 11 brummeli, Pecten .......... 311 brunneus, Polinices ...... 15 bryerea, Rissoina ........1 11 Schwartziella ............ 1 let Bryophilagee ee 45 Buccinobtisusme ees 326 Buceinume eee 36 420 buchiana, Bulimina Buena Vista, Venezuela bulbosa, Globigerina 9 Bulimina Be Bulinnime) ames eee Bulllae ee Ps eee bullbrooki, Discocyclina Gaudnyinayee ee: Operculina Pseudogaudryina bulloides, Globigerina 9 Gil, Der, Oo; 124, 130, 131, 142, 145, 152, 166, 171, 172, 179, 180, 181, 189, 191, 192, 200, 210, 211, Nonionina .. Pullenia .... Sphaaerordinal bulloides var. dehiscens, Sphacrordinay ae. bullula, Olivella ......... burdaligalensis, Isognomon Burdigalian ........... burryi, Athleenia .... IS WES Ape ok Meee et Bush, K. J. Deen 2 bushii, Nassarina .......... IBHUISS GOV OYy aoe coda scene ones scesoor Byram marl byramensis, Bolivina .... Eponides a oe byramensis campester, Gyroidinoides C adits eee ee GA @CU ano egestas neck caelata, Astraea . Bolivina caelata byramensis, Bolivian caillaudi, Chlamys Caiman, "Venezuela . a Caimito formation ..... calaritana, Chlamys .... CAlcat RO DUIISH eee eee Calearina .- INDEX 72, 75 79, 174 149, 150, 380, 2 Si, Se 0) 114, 118, 119, 132, 139, 157, 158, 164, 173, 175, 176, 185, 186, 188, S)2}, USE, WS) 218, 220, 224, calebardensis, Athecocyclina . Pseudophragmina Caledonia, Alabama California coe. californica, Discocyclina Plectofrondicularia . cf. Uvigerina ... Calliostoma .... Callista callistus, Vitrinorbis Caloosahatchee marls ... Calvert Beach, Md. . Calvert formation calvertensis, Chlamys Calyptraea .. Camerina cainpechiensis Pholas : campester, Eponides Gyroidinoides Canal Zone canaliculata, Acteon Tornatina canariensis, Globorotalia ._.... cf. canariensis, Globorotalia ..........17 Rotalina ete canariensis var. minima, Globorotalia tees cancellaria, Barbatia cancellata, Bolivina ..... Ghioneae Cyclammina Rissoina . cancellatum, Cyclostrema cancellatus, Typhis Gancrisp eer eee eee candeanum, Epitonium.. candei, Acteocina candida, Barbatia .. Ryzrarnniclelllaeeeeeees : candidissima, “Mangelia”’ Candorbulina Canegarden River, IBENPOAGIOS 5..2.s-ccenesé- canellei, Lepido- cyclina canrena, Natica ....... Cantharus capayana, Uvigerina ...... Acteocina.. 284, 292, 309, 312, 318 S17 329 14, 325 5 Dit 325 22 161 161 6, 43 38 38 38 PAM 21 219 33), Wile INDEX GapesHatterass te 284 carapitana, Cassidulina.. 165 Saracenaria 137 Uvigerina Secsia ates 155 carchedonius, Modulus 13 cardiiformis, Arca .... 291 cardinalis, Conus .... 17 Gardiomyau see 22 Cardita mec evigeab tes eRe 20, 326 Carditopsis .. Be 2.2 Cardium 329 2 Ona a2 Gai DACAN ALY S) ceeeeeseseees 18 @cinebrinae eee 41 Tritonalia ........ 41 caribbaeum, Cymatium 15 caribbea, Ehrenbergina . 167 Caribbean ue 5 aS: 33%, 25 4h Sil, 7/2, 924 Caribbean region 125 caribbeana, Nodosaria 6 LOW, UPS carinata, Clavulina 115 Gadinia 19 Liotia DE Pseudoclavulina 115 carinatum, Alveolo- phragmium ? 107, 110 Haplophragmoides 107 Carinodrillia . 18 carinicallus, Teinostoma WP carnaria é ~ 49 Strigilla ..... 5 21, 48, 49 Tellina , 48 carolinianus, Robulus 131 carolinus, Glossus Pay 320 Carriacou 405, 406, 407, 409 carsteni, Cibicides 224 Carter’s Grove, Va. ...... 326, 328, 333 Caryocorbula 22 Cassidulina 84, 165-167, 169 Cassidulinoides ; 167 Cassigerinella 169 Cassis US Castellania, Italy 92 Catapsydrax ; Ty WO, B45 87, 90, 94, 97, 106, 110- 119. 115-418) 120; 123426: 127, 129, 131-133, 135-139, 141, 142, 144-146, 149, 153, 154, 157, 163, 169, 172, 174, 178, 181-189, 192, 203-208, 12 IA Dish oie 27 903: 225-227 catenata?, Anachis 16 Persicula catenula, Operculina ae @audriGe MB» caudriae, Bolivina Discocyclina x. CauiniMus ReGteny eset: cayenensis, Diodora ...... Cayman Islands . cayohuesonicus, Fusilatirus celata, Sigmoilina . “f Spicoloculinay =e centenaria, Arca Barbatia .. Central America Central Mining Investment Corp. ..... Central Range, Trinidad Central San Antonio, Cuban cent eee centralis, Calyptraea | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi- que, Paris, France ceramidum, Trigonio- cardia . cerina, Gouldia Cerithidea ......... cerithidiodes, Bittium Cerithiopsis Cerithium . S i Cerro Bruja, Panama Chagres River, Panama.. Chama . chambersi, Robulus .. Chapman, F. .... Chara seeds .... Charonia ia Chattian | ater, Ghayvan, AL Chetlea chemnitz1, Chemnitzia Chert Hill, Anadara ...... Trinidad .... Chesapeake Bay, Mary- land and Virginia. Chesapeake group chesneli, Rissoina .......... Chicontepec formation. Chilostomella ..... China. Mexico Chionewe a eee 422 1G 377, 378, 379, 382 380, 381, 383, 263, 264, 265: 266, 267 283, 284 284 iG 384 167, 168 379 21, 326 Chipola formation ....... chipolensis, Cassidulina G@assiserinella == ey) Chiriqui Lagoon chiriquiensis, Alvania 1 Olivella . MSiriton. 2-44 «1: Chlamys chlorostomum, Cymatium ..... Choctawatchee formation Choptank formation __... Chrysallida - chrysostoma, Anodontia.. Chucunaque Nate. Panama a Cibicides Cibicorbis ....... cincta ?, Marginella cinerea, Cypraea ..... Urosalpinx cingulata, Woodwardia.. Cipero formation, iirinidade. INDEX 306, 313 169 23 20, 299-317, 331 15 305 284, 291, 301, 309, 318, 332 6, 42, 43 20 84, 223, 22 (PRE 88, 90, 122, 174, 186 Cipero-Lengua forma. ton. Lninidad =.....-... ciperoensis, Globigerina ciperoensis anguli- suturalis, Globigerina ciperoensis angustiumbi- licata, Globigerina ..... ciperoensis ciperoensis, Globigerina Giremmatass Pitatses <7. circularis, Chlamys . Globigerinoides ......... Pecten igen Porticulasphaera citrinus, Brachidontes .. Cizancourt, M. de . Claibornian Eocene ........ Glarkes We Jeo clathrata, Distorsio . Clausinella : clavata, Globigerinella.. @lavullinagec ee Glenchw/ ese clenchi, Bambusum ... 2 (accuse 2 S05 935 2 TZ 90; 93; 17/2 21 302 202 301 202 19 383 28 68, 93 15 323 260 115, 117 EO sy: 6, 36 6; A3~ 36 clericii, Robulus clintonia, Piacopectens= ee GloosEo = Coal Bluff lignite bed coarctata, Cumingia ...... Coco Plata. Canal Zone Codakia hee Cole, W. S., Faunal As- sociations and _ the Stratigraphic Position of certain American Paleocene and Eocene Larger Foraminifera . Cole, W. S., Names and Variation in Certain Indo-Pacific Cameri- TCLS ee ee ee colei, Lepidocyclina ...... Collonia Colombia Colombian Andes .......... Colon, Panama Canal Zone 2052 386, 399, 405, 407 33515 176 5 8, 10-23, 35, 39, 40-43, ” 45, 49. S15 52 Colubraria Columbella Columbus Island . comata, Nodosaria comatula, Nodosaria .... Pseudoglandulina comatus, Nautilus - Nodosaria combaluzieri, Chlamys.... communis, Chemnitzia.. Chrysallida Clavulina Odostomia ....... communis var. pallida, Clavulina .... comparabilis, Chlamys.... IREGhE iy ea eee ow eee complanata, Miogypsinella Miogypsinoides Operculina ..29, 31 complanata japonica, Operculina 423 16 Se 313, 314 93 93, 400, 403, 408 349, 352, 354, 361 356, 361 complanatus, Pecten compressus, Cibicides concavata, Globotrun- cana ..... concentrica. “Ashtarotha Astarte . Ervilia 2 eee concentricus, Cibicides.... conchyliophora, Xenophora concinna, Globigerina Condylocardia condylomata, Ghilamysmeeen ee condylomatus, Nodi- pecten Sai congesta, Mulinia congregata, Chama ........ Gontads Meee consensus, Nassarius .... continuosa, Globorotalia contorta, Rissoa contracta, Omalaxis . Solariorbis contractus, Phacoides Conus ae convexa, Crepidula cookei, Athecocyclina Discocyclina Pseudophragmina ..... Cooper, G. Arthur cooperensis, Angulo- gerina f Coral Gables, Fla. corallina, Ocinebrina Coralliophila coralliophaga =f Coralliophaga .... cor, Isocardia Corbula . Cordillera de Tala- manca, Costa Rica coronata, Trochammina coronatum, Haplophragmoides . coronellum, Caecum ..... corylus, Solariorbis ......3 Cossmann, M. . GostatRica 7. costata, Crepidula .... costatum, Cymatium costellata, Cardiomya . costifera, Nonionina.... INDEX 297, 298 224 14 175, 176 46, 52 305, 306 305 328 D113 278333 284, 285 16 95, 97, 209, 210, 218 Aa) 379, 386, 387 386, 387 379 283, 350 144 6 costiferum, Nonion costiferus, Nonion ... Coie, Jo concccose €rassa, Cassidulina ©... Liebusella Praeglobotruncana 21 Crassatellites Crassinella crassisepta, Grassispitae ste crebbsi, Eponides ee eoee Grenatass©paliiay ee Crenella ae crenulata, Nucula Crepidula Creseis cretacea, Globigerina 22 Cretaceous ......... Cristellaria cristensis, ?cristensis, Orbitoclypeus ..... cruenta, Sanguinolaria TUEHGOVGA < sscosnesoasasce cruentatus, Turbo Cruse formation, Trinidad Cuba Seen ots Textularia Discocyclina cubana, Uvigerina ......8 cubaniana, Bursa .... Transennella ..... cubanus, Cyclostremiscus cubensis, Acmaea Discocyclina ae Cuche, Pointe-a- Pierre, Trinidad . ; Cuche formation ..... Culebra formation .... Culebra Island, West Indies trae. eee culter, Pulvinulinella . Cumingia . cumingianus, Solecurtus cumingiit, Amphistegina Nummulites Operculinella cummingsi, Sipho- generina Cunaelindianse se Cunapo River, Trinidad cuneiformis, Astarte ...... Martesia oy 141 141, 142 286 166 116 257, 265 327 20 88, 89 68, 385, 405, 407, 408 108, 155 381, 382 265 257, 258, 260, 264, 266, 270 402, 404 24 163 22 22. 361 349, 361, 363 351, 352,561 153 8 263-267 318 De Gushmans J; Al. INDEX 108, 110, 112, 123. 170,173) 175, 193,222. 226, 227, 354, 360 Cushman, J. A. and Billisonmacn Ga Cushman, J. A., and Ie, Ils TRIG dsteecesscsoce Cushman, J. A., and Stainforth, R. M. . cushmani, Miogypsina.... Cyclammina Cycloclypeus cyclopterus, Crassatel- Ihtesie cf. cyclostomata, Schenckiella cyclostomata, Verneuilina Cyclostrema Cyclostremiscus ..... Gylitchimaieeee ee cylindrica, Torinia ..... Cymatium |. cynocephalum, Cymatium | Cyphoma Gyprdeaer see: Gy raecassismee ee cypriniformis, Glossus.... D Dall, W. H. dama, Oliva Olivella Gane yineAT Caney ees see Davidsonville, Md. ........ decemcostata, Rleuromenris’ oe decipiens, Solariorbis....3 Decipifus decorata, Triphora ........ decussata, Rissoina . decussatus, Mytilus deflorata, Asaphis . dehiscens, Globoquadrina Globorotalia . Sphaeroidina . Vi 15 2205 S21 37, 44, 46, 52, 284, 285 181, 182, 185 182 193 425 Sphaeroidinella TSO ros 93, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198 dehiscens advena, Globoquadrina 8 182 dehiscens dehiscens, Globoquadrina ...... 8 Sil, NP Sphaeroidinella .. 193, 194, 195, 196 dehiscens subdehiscens, Sphaeroidinella 1 YO), Bil, 3} 193-198 delicata, Cassidulina 166 Delphinula ay DS). ie} deltoidea, Thais 16 Denmark ........ 331 Dentalina 120 Dentalinm) .2.. 23, 35 denticulata, Donax DD depressus, Delphinula.... 28 Solariorsisieene 28 dermestina, Mitra ... 17 deshayesi, Glycymeris... 292, 293 dia, Operculina .......34 400, 404 Operculinella 404 Operculinoides ...... 404 diadema, Parthenia . 44 diaphana, Teinostoma.... 2 didyma, Drupa .... 15 diegensis, Pecten .... 303 Diestian . Pete ee 298 difficilis, Pecten 2077 digitata, Globigerina 222 Hastigerina .... 222 diluviu, Arca .... 285, 288 diminuta, Globigerinoides 13 WS Wi, WS Glyphoturris 18 Diodora 53, 10, 2il, 23, 24 Diplodonta ........ eeths 20 diplostoma, Globigerina 175 Discocyclina 377, 381, 383 disjuncta, Strigilla ....... 51 dislocatayRectenm=sese ae 301 disparile, Dentalium 23 disparalis, Ostrea ......... BAG, 327/ disparilis, Caryocorbula 22 Dissector 15 dissimilis, Gatapsydtaxeee WP) FG XH IST, 90, 94, 97, 106, 185, 203 Distorsio ..... he 15 GiStontasuhtaGiaae a 22 District of Acosta, Ellipsonodosaria .......... Venezuela z 68 ellisorae, Operculina .... divaricata, Crenella 19, 47 Operculinoides .......... Divaricella 6, 21, 51, El Mene de Acosta, 2 Wenezuelany ee 70, divisus, Tagelus 22 Djaing Langit, Bornea.... 351 EI Mene Road, dohertyi, Cibicides 227 Venezuela ... Planulina Ne 227 El Mene Well 7, domingensis, Barbatia 19 Wienezlic lames a ee Dominican Republic .... 409 El Mene Well 47, Donax 22 WETEAUEIA, 3 - S709 WI NIGk i no! GSS 2 OIE 23- 129s 138, 141-150, 153, 155, 158- 162, 164-170, 175, 183, 189, 190, 197-199, 202, 210-216, 218, 220-227. fohsi barisanensis, Gloria cell WS, Ws We: 92, 97, 118, 138, 142, 161, 166, 189, 197, 198, 202, 210- 22, 215,220, 2200223 fohsi fohsi, Globorotalia see, Wy 1. 9: 120, 126, 138, 142, 148, 152, 154, 156, 160, 161, 163, 164, 196, 212s Diana eae fohsi lobata, Glooorwilia 16 55, 79, 120, 126, 142, 143, 149, 150, 156, 164, 174, 175, 186, 197, 199, Ae} fohsi robusta, Globorotalia ...... wll WS, Wi WS: 80, 93, 120, 121, 143, 144, 147, 148, 149, 150, 156, 160, 164, 169, 190, 196, 198, 213- 216, 218 foliaceicostum, EB pito mime eee 13 foliata, Globigerina....10 174, 176, 177 fonslacertensis, ID iSCOcyGlinameeeee ee: 384, 385 Forest Clay, Trinidad .... 89 Forest formation, TEEVAUICENG) ooncecesncnestncoose 88, 89 formosa, Cristellaria ...... 132 formosus, Robulus ........ 132 Rormasiniee essere 104 fornicata, Crepidula ...... 328 FOSSA SUS hese cn eee eee ee 14 fraasi, Pecten ......... 297 fragilis, Mactra .... oy France Sone ees A 290 fraternus, Glossus ....... 320, 325 fratenus carolinus, Glossusyeese- ee oi 320 fraternus glenni, Glossus 320 fraternus marylandicus, (Glossusae eee 320 Brondiculariay 22-22 AAO), al TOMS OSttCAne eee 20 fulgurans, Nerita .......... 11 funiculus, Omalaxis ...... 28 funiculus contracta, Oimnalaxdsieeee eee 28 fusiformis, SPC WIROMONT seoceec pene 18 427 Mitrella Fusilatirus G Gabb, Wm. M. gabbi, Strigilla 5 Gadinia gallico, Chlamys saat Galloway, J. J. gallowayl1, Pseudoglandulina Rectoglandulina Uvigerina ; gallowayi basicordata, Uvigerina ig galloway1 paucicostata, Pseudoglandulina gallowayi paucicostata, Rectoglandulina 6 gandolfi1, Schackoina 20 Gardner, J; -- Gatun, Canal Zone .. Gatun Lake, Panama Canal Zone Gaudryina Gautier formation Gautier River, Trinidad gautierensis, Globigerina Praeglobotruncana 21 cf. gautierensis, Praeglobotruncana 21 gemma, Crenella eee, gemmata, Mitra . gemmatum, Cymatium gemmulosa, Ghiysalllicay pes Odostomia gentoni, Chlamys georgettina, Epitonium georgianus, Operculina.. Operculinoides Germany gibba, Chlamys Gibberula gibbosa, Plicatula gibbosum, Cyphoma ...... gibbus, Pecten gigantea, Globorotalia.... Venus Gigantopecten INDEX 16 17 51 6, 21, 48- 50 19 307 400 108 108, 130 155, 156 156 108 108, 130 263 284, 236, 287, 329, 379 8 e 114, 115 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 271 263, 264-267 265, 266 265 266 6, 19, 46 17 14, 42 288, 290, : G 7, 3e Wish UY, OSs 323 305, 306, 311 PipasseStrombus| ees 14 girardana, Gyroidina...... 162 girardana var, perampla, Gyroidina see 162 giraudi, Lepidocyclina ........ 35 400, 407 glabra, Haminoea .......... 18 glabratus, Robulus 134, 135 Glaessner, M. ......... G2 Glandialitmawe ee 107, 129, 139 Glenn MG@ee ros uasenot 284 glenni, Glossus ......... 320 Globicerina. se G7, 135. 0. SI (845 85s SSeS os 92-95, 102-114, 115, 117- 1:20, 124, 125; 128-132, 135. 136, 138, 139, 141-144, 146- 1491525 1555, lS y/aalois soos 162, 164, 166, 167, 169, 171- 181, 183-186, 188-193, 197- 201, 207-211, 216, 218-221, 223-226, 267, 270 Globigerina washitensis ZOMERER Se aeetCene 262, 266, 271 Globigerinatella ee 1D, ie Ss 84, 87, 90, 92, 102, 104, 109-114, 116-118, 120, 122- 125, 127-135, 137-145004oe 146, 149, 152-154, 156, 157, 159, 161-163, 165, 166, 168, 169, 177, 183, 188, 189, 191, 196-200, 202-206, 208,211, 212, 214, 215, 2186222590 227, 228 Globigerinatheka ....... 94 Globicerinellay.-. 170 Globigerinidae .............. 87 Globigerinita 102, 104, 178, 206, 207 Globigerinoides ............ 75-78, 81 90, 92, 104, 106, 107, 114, 120, 123, 125, 129, 194edeye 138, 140, 143, 152, 161, 163, 166, 174, 177, 183, 186-192, 198-203, 206, 208, 211, 214, 215, 218, 222-226 Globigerinoita ....... Hf 207 Globobulimina . ss 151 Globoquadtina .......:......7 / 76)) 7oyeele 186 Globorotalia ......... (105 75. 77-82, 84, 85, 87-90, 92-95, 97, 99, 100, 106, 109-111, 113-121, 123-129, 131-133, 135-139, 141-150, 428 152-172, 174-177, INDEX 179-187, 190-192, 196, 199, 202, 208- Globorotaliidae .......... Globorotaloides ... globosa, Globoquadrina Globotruncana concavata zone Globotruncana fornicata zone Globotruncana inornata FAOSINS cs ozone Globotruncana renzi ZONew Globotruncana stuarti ZONE Globulina Miogypsina glomerosa, Globigerinoides ..... Porticulasphaera . glomerosa circularis, Globigerinoides _... Porticulasphaera 14 glomerosa curva, Porticulasphaera 13 glomerosa glomerosa, Porticulasphaera ....14 Globigerinoides Glomospira eae Glossus saitecnton caer Glycyimetisme. glycymeris, Gh aes Glyphepithema Glyphoturris . — glypta, Nassarina .... Goldsboro, N. C. Gonatosphaera goniogyrus, Teinostoma gordialis, Glomospira Gouldia Pea ieadcat gracile, Cymatium ose eracilis, Cardita 1... grandis, Cristellaria ...... Robulus granulata, Acanthopleura Architectonica Cardita Ghionete ane ee granulatum, Phalium Gravelly Wee 67, 85, 87, 94, 108 208 79, 183, 185 D630 265 261 265, 267, 269, 270 263, 266 267, 269 Wily WOT/5 SS) alles yvail 2 I) 23), Be 378, 405 Gravellina Gray, J. E. grayi, Pecten graysonensis, Globigerina . 23 greeni, Cerithiopsis “Greensand” Gregariella Griffiths, J. C. grimsdalei, Discocyclina Lvov, oscacscssscocooe: Guacharaca formation, Venezuela a guadalupensis, Crassi- nella Guadeloupe Guam Guapo beds, Trinidad Guatemala 3 Guayaguaryare formation Gulf of California Gulf of Mexico . Gulf of Paria gunteri, Miogypsina 34, 36 guttata, Marginella Guttulina Gyroidina oa Gyroidinoides . H haemastoma, Thais haemastoma floridina, Thais hamillei, Haminoea Haneji-mura ... hanleyi, Mitra hanleyi gemmata, Mitra Hanna, M. A. .... cf. hannai, Uvigerina amtkeninas eset hantkeninoides, Plum- merella Rugoglobigerina hantkeninoides inflata, Plummerella Ipkeavaay al, Sac... lap lococh lias Haplophragmium . Haplophragmoides | Phenacolepas.. Harbison, A. . harfordiana, Crassispira 429 83, 108, 116 35, 42, 48 HO, SO, YF 45 159-162 107, 160-163 16 16 10 18 2 2G 7/ 7/ 405 156 94 268 268 268 349, 356 11 Teen 83, 107, 110, 112 36 18 Harris, Rebecca S. ... harrisoni, Discocyclina.. hastata, Terebra Hastigerina Hastigerinella .... Hastigerinoides Haulover, Panama havanensis, Miralda ....1 Odostomia Hedberg, H. D. hedbergi, Robulus Het prinvene - helicoidea, Vitrinella Helvetian Heminway, C. Hemitoma ........ Hemmoorer Stufe hemphilli, Acantho- chitona AO hendersoni, Limatula 4 hepaticus, Polinices .. laietanrd =, Ss ssecssancace herricki, Cibicorbis Valvulineria 8 heteroclita, Blauneria Heterostegina . ze hexagona, Muricopsis . Higgins, G. E. Hipponix hispido-costata, Uvigerina hoernesi, Glossus Holland Honduras horizontalis, Cassidulina hotessieriana, Opalia Houthaelan howei, Operculina Operculinoides humanus, Glossus .... cf. humerosa, Turritella humphreysii, Pecten 25 Husito Marly-clay ..... Huso clay ee Huso Clay membe Hyalina yy Hyalopatina idonea, Anadara ..... 24 INDEX 169-171, 222 108, 221, 222, 257, 258 263 9 44 14, 44 125, 136, 186 133 285 125030 92935505; 403, 404 400 10 290 23 6, AO, 27 15 386 164 WO; Ws G2, 128, 164 19 354, 400, 405 15 70 287 JNK one Lee Scapharca illingi, Angulogerina .... imbricatum, Caecum . Chilainysieee es immatura, Globi- gerinoides ..... imporcata, Bolivina ...... 287, 288, 289 81, 107, 187, 188 84, 85, 126, 131, 141, 145, 157, 165 inaequalis, Frondicularia Valvulineria inaequalis lobata, Valvulineria r inaequivalvis, Periploma incerta, Alaba Operculinaeee see incertus, Ammodiscus .. incisa, Glandulina Pseudoglandulina Pseudonodosaria ......7 incisum, Nonion ........ incisum kernensis, Nonion . incisus, Nonion . incisus kernensis, Nonion ts, inconspicua, AGteOGina ... 4. 4 Philobtyvaee see incrusta, Globigerinita . Indo-Pacific .... inflata, Bulimina . inflata alligata, Bulimina infracretacea, Globigesinay. 2... Praeglobo- truncana cf. infracretacea, Praeglobotruncana 22 infundibuliforme, Torinia insueta, Globi- gerinatella 421, 22 lS 84, 87, 90, 120, 121 165 165 22; 13} 109 109 W229, 108 WAS 141 108, 141 85, 141 141 6, 18, 38 6, 19, 46 102, 206, 207 354 150 149 266 258, 266 276 IS aes 92, 102, 104, 109-114, 116-118, 120, 122- 125, 127-135) 137-143005, 146, 149, 152-154, 156, 157, 159, 161-163, 165, 166, 168, 177, 183, 188, 189, 191, 196- 200, 202-206, 208, 211, 212, 214, 215, 218, 222-228 Globigerinoides interjuncta, Bolivina .... 430 Pas) 147 INDEX interjuncta simplex, IRON RAIA, .5-cocsosoemone csv nse 147 intermedia, Melanella.... 14 Miogypsina . 409 IN TOURED 2 pandbetctnonedsectacs 15 International Coopera- tion Administration 283 interpleura, Carinodrillia 18 interrupta, Persicula a) Rabicea | Leet kee 39 sielllitryaieeeee ee 21 interruptus, Parviturboides ............ 12 intricata, Bailya ......... 16 involuta, Hastigerina...... 171 iota, Cristellaria ...... 133 iotus, Robulus ....... 133 Mp lnee iiaeee eee eee DE irradians, Pecten .......... 301 irradians, Chlamys ........ 302 irregularis, Globulina 140 Guttulinaee ee 140 Miogypsina ................ 93 cf. irregularis, Miogypsina ................ 409 italica, Callista ene 324 Gristellaria 137 Saracenaniagee es 137 italica acutocarinata, Cristellaria [an ee 137 Saracenaria dabei: 137 italica carapitana, Saracenaria . be es 137 Italy ..... ae eek ODS AZO! 331 Ithycythara eae 18 isabelae, Marginella _.. 17 Ischmochitome ess eee 23 AS CHICAN Rs teins okt Eh 14 Isham» Latricia eee DSF Ishigaki-shima ae 350, 351 isidroensis, Bolivina . 145 sexu asa 113 Wwicerinaae eee 84, 85, 126, 131, 141, 156, 165 Isla de Colon, Panama... 9 Islam, Lawrence mS 259), Island of Bocas del Toro, Panama .... 5 Island of Cubagua ... 81 Isocardia ..... St See i 319 Isocrassina .......... : 319 Isognomon eee Ber 3 19, 294, 331 israelskyi, Heterostegina 400, 402, 405, 406 Ivara J jacksonensis abnormis, Ganrd fy nae Pseudogaudryina jacksonensis, Gaudryina Pseudogaudryina jacobaeus, Pecten Jadis, Stewart ae jadisi, Chrysallida ......1 Odostomia eae Jamaica jamaicensis, Acmaea Phacoides James River, Va. Janthina janthina, Janthina . Japan ee ee aica caaeheesce eee lier japonica, Operculina .. jarvisi, Guttulina Pulvinulinella Jaspidella jayana, Monilispira ...... jeannae, Cyclostremiscus jeffersonia, Chlamys 27 jeffersonius, Lyropecten Recta a 3: Johns Hopkins University Johnsons tite Jones Point, Va. ... jujubinum, Calliostoma jukes-brownel, Athecocyclina Pseudophragmina Juliacorbula juvenilis, Globigerina ops ll® Kaien eee Karamat formation Katacyclypeus - Kautsky, F. hh ING, IMO sbosnnosesccoosece kelseyi, Nodulus Kent, Lois Schoonover.. kernensis, Nonion..... Kingsmill, Va. soe Kelempell Sy Re ieee 431 115 115 115 115 297 43 6, 43 G, i4i 43) 41, 49, 407, 408, 409 10 140 307, 327-330 307 307 283 S1 288 10 387 387 22 95, 102, 174, 178, 207 194 89 354 286, 329 35 28 284 141 343 156 Knight, J. B. knoxiana, Juliacorbula kochi, Globigerina .... Pecten . ; Sphaeroidinella krebsi, Epitonium W illiamia unten Jal G: kugleri, Cibicides Globigerina 23 Globorotalia 84, 87, 88, 257, INDEX 79, 80, 197, 198 14 19 Gi Saer 2. Dalits Ss cy SO, Ss, 104, 106, 187, 190, 210 Siphogenerina Kurtziella lacteus, Polinices addseEln se Laevicardium laevigata, Cassidulina Glandulina . Gyroidina Nitidella .... Nodosaria Odostomia . Pseudoglandulina laevigatum, Laevicardium Lagarto, Canal Zone Lagena Lagenonodosaria Lamellaria .... Bostta lamellaris, Antigona lamellata, Siphogenerina lamellosum, Epitonium lanceolata, Frondicularia lapicida, Petricola . laqueatum, Cardium Lares road, Puerto Rico largillierti, Conus larmeui, Globo- quadrina .. 11 lateralis, Musculus latesulcata, Arca Laticarinina te latifrons, Cristellaria Saracenaria esrs ea latilirata, Chione ..... Latirus 152 18 15 284 21 165, 166 107, 139 162 16 IB9 14 107, 139 On| Sel 4a ls 10S Zi 122) latissima, Chlamys ..... 307, 308 anes lands Bij teeee 354 Tavaldice eirance arn 343 lavalleana, Persicula .... 17 Lecointre, Countess 286, 329 We avay- ees. 5 eee eee ee aaa 326 Meibuselllay et cee 107 leithajanus, Flabelli- PECIEMA Haters eee 302, 303 Lengua formation, iimidacdh sens i, 12, Si 89, 174, 186 lenguaensis, Globo- HOMAU A, 2a oeccenbase 17 Vids oS Os 89, 99, iNKOXO), WSKO), WG/Al, Te. 180, 182, 183, 191, 192, 208) 213, 214, 217 Lenticulina 258 Lenticulina ouachensis ZONE Ae. ARE 5c cer 258, 266, 270 Bepidocyclinaw sa 353, 400, 404 bepidopteraae sees ea 45 Lepidorbitoides .............. 383 eptoni ve ees ee 21 Leriche, N. 287 LeRoy, L. W. 77, 106, 143; 174, 187, 198 cf. lessonii, Amphistegina hee 165 leucocyma, Lucina ..... 20 Monilispira ........... 18 leucopheata, Mytilopsis.. 20 Leucozonia ie 16 Eenpoldinaaee see 258 Leupoldina protuberans zone ey 258, 260, 264 leuzingeri, Gaudryina.... 114 WESABE soocoscnnopcoosn0e its Liebusella 116 i ESTE GA ate career re eee Bea 34 hinge 8 5 ee 20, 47 eoa¥, IUVIE, sanosacascaneoa nies 20 limaciformis, Ischnochiton) sees 23 Teiiaitu] aes eee ee Gy AO, 4!7/ Tncapine| laisse 10 Limon Bay, Panama...... 8 lmmeata,” Telinal 37a Pil lineatus;, Planaxisiee 13 IESCOVSAUINGTEL —secrpsoncoastmounoon.e 123 Linné, C. . IDS; iota weet 26 listers Diodora see 10, 24 Mellurias weaves e lane 21 Litiopar, 20: sae 13 432 litteratum, Cerithium | Little Cove Point, Md... Littorina cn livida, Natica .... Livingston, Guatemala. Livona . lobata, Globorotalia oe INDEX 3) 326 li 15 50 10 WD UUs 1) 120, 126, 142, 143, 149, 150, 156, 174, ip: 186, 197, Valvulineria .. Geb lich pAve Reve)ita eye. Loeblich, A. R.. and Tappan, Jes (peateesh Saee Loma Luca, Venezuela. Loma Luca traverse ...... London ...... London, England .. Long Bay Point, Bamana sec cenee acces ass longiscata, Nodosaria ? longiscata, Nodosaria longispina, Astraea . cf. longistriata, Plectofrondicularia ._. Lonsdale, W. Lowman, S. W. Lucapina Lucapinella Lucina lunata, Mitrella ... lunulatus, Glossus . Lyell, Chas Lyropecten M MacCrea Estate, Va. ... macerophylla, Chama . Macfadyen, W. A. ........ macgintyi, Murex macglameriae, Athecocyclina . Pseudophragmina Matcomasere se . Macrocallista macrocephala, Rugoglobigerina ....... Macrochlamys ................ Macromphalina . Mactra Ree as mactroides, Tivela ........ maculata, Macrocallista.. Nassarina ..... maculosa, Tonna 213 165 284 124, 126, 129, 130 73s 81 ia 210 68 176, 9 126 126 11 143 285 380, 386, 387 380, 386, 2 21, 323 madagascariensis, Amphistegina madisonia, Chlamys AX 247/ madisonia richardsi, Chlamys madisonia sayana, Chlamys madisonius, Lyropecten.. Pecten Madruga, magellanica, Main, R. Malta rs malvinae, Chlamys Mamon- Guaico- Tamana Road, Trinidad .... “Mangelia”’ if Mansfield, W. C. ... mansfieldi, Coralliophila Plectofrondicularia . mantaensis, Cibicides .... Bolivina mantanzasensis, Cibicides | Marevalvata psa marialana, Planulina Maridale Estate, Trinidad . Cuba Chlamys.... marginata, Bolivina . Discocyclina Entosolenia .... Lagena Proporocyclina Pseudophragmina Serpula marginata multicostata, Bolivina . Marginella Marginulina . Marginulinopsis 354 307, 309-318, 325, 330 123, 124, 136, 139 70, 80, 82- 84, 124, 125, 128, 164 Maridale formation . maridalensis, Planomalina marmoratus, Chiton ...... Niteoliva ....1 marmosa, Olhvellag= as 1 Marshall Islands .......... Martesia IWlewetering (Ge (Co. cciseocsaccnenane Py ASG, AGS. 264, 266, 268 257, 260, 261 23 6, 38 6, ols 38 194 22 284 martinianum, Cymatium martinicensis, Tellina marylandica, Callista Chionella Chlamys Cytherea Glossus Macrocallista Mattson, Peter maugeriae, Erato . maxillata, Isognomon 24 Perna maximum, Busycon maximus, Pecten : mayeri, Globorotalia 18 87-89, 92, 109, 111, 116, INDEX 323 300, 325 323 320, 321 323,324 399 75, 93, 95, 120, 124-129, 131-133, 135, 137, 141, 143, 144, 146-150, 156-162, 164, 167, 168, 171, 172, 179, 180, 182-185, 190-192, 208-210, DVANI93 2295 227 Mazatlania McGinty, Paul L. McGinty collection mcgintyi, Latirus Mc Lean, J., Jr. Mediterranean medium, Pecten Trigonicardia megalomastomus, Nodulus 1 megastoma, Teinostoma Meioceras Melampus Melanella melanostoma, Litiopa melantica, Nannodiella meleagris, Littorina Melongena ae melongena, Melongena melvilli, Robulus menardii, Globorotalia 79, 80, 81, 3, Be, BY) 132, abS)5y, seh 208-211, 214 Rotalia menardii archeomenardii, Globorotalia 18 menardii menardit, Globorotalia 18 84, 88, 89, 16 283, 287, 328 41, 92, 290 67, 84, 115, 120, 129, 139, 143, 144, 1G 22 22 3 226 215 77, 99, 214 215 755, B0retSis Vz, Ds, Ob), 115, 117, 119, 120,194-1008 131, 132, 135, 138, 139, 143 144, 146, 148, 155-157, 159, 160, 162, 166, 167, 173, 176, 177, 179, 181, 183, 186, 190, 208-211, 215, 216, 219.208) 223-226 menardii miocenica, Globorotalia ..........19 80, 99, 216 menardii praemenardii, Globorotalia ..........18 78, 79, 214- 216 MieniGiton clay ese 70 mercatoria, Columbella 16 Mercenaria ee BD D275 F2O meroensis, Discocyclina.. 381 messinae, Globigerinella 216 messinae Planomalina ... 261, 262 messinae subcarinata, Planomalina 262 mestieri, Discocyclina.... 384, 385 metria, Vitricythara ...... 18 mexicana, Globigerina.... 201 Plainnallliimape esses 227 Porticulasphaera 94, 201 Mexico 404, 406, 408, 409 Miami, Florida 9, 52 micella, Pleuromeris 5 6, 20, 45 Microdochus .......... ey 12 Micromelo | Soe eee 18 Middlesex County, Va... 309 middlesexensis, Chlamys 308, 309, 326 Midway group eee 379 mildredae, Chlamys ...... 20 Miuntata ATeNE sees 11 minibulla, Rosenia 1 6, 14, 42 minima, Batillaria .... 13 Discocyelinayie ee ae 381 Globcorotalia 19 995 1005 21135 Paes Oa gi minuta, Diodora . S 10 Gibberula ee 39 Globigerinoides 174 INnteolivaie. seta 6, 38 Olivellaueren eee 1 ©, iF, 38 minuta marmosa, Niteoliva Se42Ml 6, 38 @Olivellany eee 1 @, 7, 2e minute = minuta, INSteolivaleess teens 38 @liveliavegescu serene: 38 minuta variegata, IDFIGVSVOKE! cos oceccicneeccnnee 10 INDEX munutissima, Globorotalia 19 218 Miocene &. Oi, (os, ile 72, Bil, Ge-O5, OZ, 25), 170, 173-176, 178, 194, 196, AML, ZAP muiocenica, Globorotalia 80, 99, 216 Textulariella 117 Vulvulina an 114 Miogypsina .... ut Oy, Sas) OY, 408 Miogypsinella 93 Miogypsinoides is 93, 400 mirabilis ; 49 IP@GMES sa rasostonsessnsacbece 19 Strigilla ..... 49 miraflorensis, Lepidocyclina . if 404 Miralda Bre in a G, aia ais INMitirale: 285... Late, 17 Globigerinoides ....13 191 Mitrella er ae ho 16 modesta, Praegiobotruncana 22 PSS) ASTI modesta, Triphora .. 13 Modulus Fey, 13 modulus, Modulus 13} moisei, Mitra - 7 moleculina, Nitidella 16 Mongin, Denise, Study of some American Miocene Lamelli- branchs and Compari- son with Related European Species 279 monilifera, Psarostola 16 Monilispira ............... 18 Monkey Point, Nicaragua ..... 50 Monkey River, onda sme 28 Monostiolum .. f 16 Montacuta pt a en 21 montagu, Alvania ; 26 Monterosato .......... ae 26 Monterrat No. 1 well, iicinidadie sea PTO), 27/1 IMonttona aes. 141 Montijo Bay, Panama 40 IMIOOREY IRS (Cs fetccanrdaceco: 286 Moore House Cliff, Va. 328 Morant Bay, Jamaica...... 49 morchiana, Opalia ........ 13 IMorisoni|ee bbe 284 Mortons pea 34 morugaensis, Globigerinoita 15 Morum Muhlemann, R. muhlemanni, Ammodiscus 6 multicarinata, Episcynia multicostata, Bolivina Siphogenerina multilamella, Dosina Ventricolidea multilineata, Lucina multiloba, Sphaeroidinella multispinata, Hantkenina Schackoina eet 20 multistriata, Chlamys . Vitrinella Murex . em muricatum, Trachy- cardium Vasum 28 muricatus, Phacoides Tectarius . muricinum, Cymatium muricoides, Fusus Ithycythara Ocenebra - Ocinebrina ee Risomurex eee Muricopsis cena murrayi, Hastigerina mus, Conus : muscosus, Aequipecten Musculus us myrakeenae, Stephopoma _. 2 myrmeco6n, Olivella Miy til Op Sisme see Mytilus Nagura gravel Naheola formation INakOs hits ree nana, Globorotalia ..... Nanafalia formation |. Nannodiella Naparima Hill fOLMAt Onur naparimaensis, Globigeninitay 16, 41 ay) 380 SL, BNO OD, V7, ZY) 379 18 260, 261, 263, 265, 269, 270 102, 178, 206, 207 naparimaensis incrusta, Globigerinita 15 naparimaensis napari- maensis, Globi- gerinita LS Nariva clays Nariva formation, Trinidad narivaensis, Grav ellina 6 nassa, Leucozonia Nassarina Nassarius Natica National Academy of Sciences INDEX 102, 206, 207 102, 104, 206, 207 116 LLY 116 16 oy 1G, S7/ 16 15, 326 Saya: 83, 108, 283 Nautilus ne 1265128536; 142, 163, 356, 361 nebulosa, Littorina 11 nebulosa tessellata, Littorina re 11 nebulosum, Caecum 13 Neocyrena 22 INeosimmia --..22....--- 15 nepenthes, Globigerina ..... 7S, SO, Eee G8. 89) 92. OSes sell: 119, 120, 124-126, 128, 129, IML, SX TZ), IUGY6),, 1S i541 9), 143, 144, 146, 147-149, 155- 160, 162, 166, 167, 173, 176- 179, 181, 183-186, 190, 192, AVI, AiG, Lilo), WAI, PPS) 226 Nerita 11 Neritina itil nesaeum, Teinostoma 12 Netaea Zyl New Jersey 296, 318 New Zealand 34 niasi, Operculina . 353 Nicaragua 50 nicobaricum, Cymatium.. 15 Nicol 283, 318, 319 nigricans, Petaloconchus 1D Niteoliva 6 Nitidella 16 nitidula, Niteoliva 38 Nitidella 16 Olivella 38 nitidum, Meioceras 13 nitidus, Cadulus 23 niveus, Triptychus 14 noachina, Patella 24 nobilis, Architectonica.... 12 Charonia Nodilittorina INOdiipectenye eye nodosa, Fissurella Nodosarella x. Nodosaria .... nodosus, Nodipecten nodulosa, Drupa .. IMiTtrae esas Seco i IN@dulltisieeeeeee re Noetia : Rae 2 Nombre de Dios, Panama Nonion Nonionina North Sea ae Northern Range, acinicad apes notabilis, Anadara ....... mucleass @hilainy Sees nucleatus, Cibicides . nucleogranosum, Stephopoma nucleus, Pecten Planaxis Nucula Nuculana Be nuculoides, Semele. Nunamulites 3 Sees nuttalli, Lagena . 6 Nodosaria . . Robulus Oak Grove, Florida ...... obesa, Anachis Pa Globorotalia pel obliqua, Globi- gerinoides lil, 113} oblonga, Marginella .. Obra, eAStante yee ocala, Heterostegina . ocellata, Leucozonia Nitidella occidentalis, Cristellaria Robulus . occidentalis torrida, Cristellaria occidentalis torridus, Robulus .... 154 107, 108, 120, 125-128, 139 85, 141, 142 141, 168, 170 175 Zu), 19 302 349, 361, 363 108, 122 127 134 5) 16 OD 5 LONZIES 104, 106, 190, 191 17 INDEX Ocenebra ... ee 41 Ocinebrina ......... 41 octoradiata, Hemitoma 10 Odostomiau yates 6, 14, 42- 44 Ojo de Agua, Venezuela 164 Ojo de Agua formation, Venezuela BSce ae 70), We, Wal Okinawa-jima ol, DIE Old Bess Point, Canal Zone . ee 8 Ole Ocencie Gi, Wil Ws O27 94595, Way 180 Oligo-Miocene ..... 125 (Oli Zine a aepeewrorr ene WH Bi Olvelate : 6, WH, Bi 38 Olsson, A. A. .... 36, 284 Olsson, Axel A. and Mc- Ginty, Thomas, Recent Marine Mollusks from the Caribbean coast of Panama with the description of some new genera and species . Pee: 5 Omalaxis ...... AAs ee 28 omalite Astarte =... 319 Oneata, Lau Islands ...... 351 oniscus, Morum ee 15 (©) yalitateenn en ede coaesaes: 13 opercularis, Chlamys... ROS, BilD, Dil uF) Operculina .... 109, 349, 351, aD: 354, 356, 377-379, 400, 404 Operculina venosa 28-31 361 Operculinella ‘s 3495 3516 S525 363 @Operculinordess 349, 351-354, 382, 400 opifex, Gregariella 19 opima, Globorotalia 90), 94, 95, 97, 209, 210, 218, 219 Opima continuosa, Globorotalia .......... 19) 95), D7, 209) 210, 218 Opima opima, Globorotalia ........... 0), Ob, Gis 219 orbicularis, Codakia ...... 21 orbiculata, Codakia ...... XO), Pil orbiculata filiata, (Codakiraye os eee Dil orbignyi, Fossarus ........ 14 Orbitoclypeus ..... 377 Orbulina ..... ” OT, Wis ss 81, 92, 104, 107, 199-202 Orbulinidae .......... 67, 85, 94 ornata, Divaricella 51 Lucina Be 51 Triphora ae 13 Verticordia 22 ornatus, Cyclostremiscus .....4 Sy 1A, 33 Pachystremiscus ..... 4 D3 38 @Oxthocerasa 128 oryza, Gibberula .......... 39 Volvaria eet 39 Ostrea Le AO), B/D) ovatus, Astacolus .......6 119 ovoidea, Chilostomella 168 Ovulatay Pyrene2 16 Oxynoe : See 18 oxytatus, Rhizorus |... 18 12 pachynepion, Cyclostremiscus 32533 Pachystremiscus py B24. Bs} cf. pacifica, Trochammina ......... 7 71, 83-85, 119, 135 Paleocene 94, 379 Paleontological Research Institution... 5, 283 pallida, Listerella ..... 117 Schenckiella ter IO aly palmata, Astraelia 325 Pallinnere, IS Wo Wo co2occoe 285,929 palmyrensis, Chlamys ... 308 Palo Alto, California... 44 alata eee 5-9 24; 26, 30, 35, 40, 44, 48, 50-52, 406, 407, 409 Panama Canal fe 8 399, 400, 402, 404, 406-408 Panama Canal Zone panamensis, Cancris ...... 158 Heterosteginoides ...... 406, 409 Miogypsina _......... 36 403, 408, 409 Miolepidocyclina ..36 403, 409 atextullartaeee eee 7 Wl, (33-!35), 113 PanamicPacitic ase 45) Sil Raina pate aire ee eee ee 326, 32 So Pandaglandulina __...... 124 Pandora Ra AY ee csacey aes Bp Pap hiaeel Chione meee 21 437 Papyridea parabulloides, Globigerina 10 parantillarum, Eponides parilis, Glycymeris Pectunculus Ee Paris Basin Parr, Wi: Parthenia parthenopeum, Cymatium parva, Gyroidina parvipapillata, Discocyclina Parviturbo Parviturboides parvula, Lepidocyclina cf. parvula, Lepidocyclina Patella Patinopecten patula, Purpura paucicostata, Pseudoglandulina . Rectoglandulina pauli, Pleuromalaxis 3 Pseudomalaxis pauliana, Condylocardia pauperata, Laticarinina paupercula, Aspella Divaricella pavonacea, Chlamys Pecten pectinatus, Ischnochiton Phacoides pectinella, Codakia pedemontana, Callista pediculus, Trivia Pedipes pelagica, Nonionina . pellatispiroides, Camerina Operculina pellucida, Hyalina ....... Lamellaria Lima peloronta, Nerita penicillata, Plicatula pensylvanica, Lucina Periploma : perlucida, Cibicides Perna 2». i perprotracta, Yoldia ...... perrugata, Urosalpinx.. INDEX Pal 100, 180, 181 84, 159 34 354, 356 44 15 160 384 1a 12 402, 407 400 23, 24 30-4 16 108 108, 130 52) 30 29 52 226 15 52 313 20, 296-317 23 20 Persicula ......... persicula, Persicula .. perversa, Bulimina Globobulimina ......... Pessagno, E. A. Petaloconchus Petriocola Phacoides Phalium Phasianella ....... Phenacolepas Philine .... see ‘ philippiana, Lucapina ... philippii, Argopecten Pecten oe Philippine Islands . Philobrya e Phleger, F. B., Parker, ES andmesRrerson SE Pholas .... Poste . phrixodes, Emarginula pica, Livona ite picta, Synaptocochlea pilsbryi, Macromphalina 3 Steigullae eer 5 pilosus, Glycymeris pilula, Divaricella . Pina, Canal Zone pinchoti, Chione Pinctata oe Piparo River, Trinidad. Pisania Ae ee pisiformis ..... ae BOlivinaleeecn-et 6 Stceullageeeees Pitar : Bie RIgCO pete nies ee Plagioctenium .... Plaisance Hill East, Trinidad Plaisance Hill West, Trinidad bali plana, Crepidula cf. planasi, Lepidorbitoides ..... Planaxisy.,..e earns planispira, Globigerina Praeglobotruncana 22 Planocamerinoides 6) Lys 40 39 150, 151 15 Owner 399 12 260, 271 16 49 146 21, 49 21, 326 299-301 285, 301-305 258 258, 266 328 382, 385 3) 267 267 354 INDEX 205, 206, 212, 214, 217, 218, 221 Pozon-El Mene Road Section, Venezuela Pozén formation, Venezuela 178 eee “On aly. ge 80, 82, 84, 85, 87-89, 92, 94, 107, 109-114, 116- 126, 129-139, 141-144, 147, 149-162, 165-169, 171-180, 182, 183, 186, 189, 191-193, 199, 200, 202, 203, 206-208, Di, 213, Diseniqeaioe2 218 Planomalina 15/0), 2577-261 Planorbulina 163 Planularia dete 129 planulata, Gyroidina 161 Gyroidinoides 161, 162 IPulewinwllifn@, 4) snopnoeaceose 2228 platypleuros, Chlamys 308 plebeia, Turritella 325 plebeius, Tagelus 22 Plectofrondicularia 142, 143 Pleistocene 8, 194 Pleuromalaxis eli: 2.9% 30 Pleuromeris G@ ZO, 45 “Pleurotoma™’ fl 18 plicata, Coralliophila 16 PICEA ccoscacseone 20 plicatus, Turbo . etat 42 plicosa, ““Mangelia”’ 18 Pliocene : 29), D2, Crile 194, 196 Plummerella ee FE 268 Plummerita 268 Plum Point, Md. 298, 312 “Plum Point marls” 318 poeyanum, Elphidium ji Wile (33), AO, 152 Polystomella ad 140 Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad Gi. 795 266 Policarpio : 75 Policarpio “Greensand” 70 Polinices .... eae 15 Polylepidina 383 Polystomellay =... 140 pompilioides, Nautilus 142 Nonion arr 142 pomum, Murex md Mer 15 Romtsanierens eee 298, 333 pontoni, Virgulina 157, 158 Port Limon, Costa Rica 2 PorneSta) Oc bloriday 402 Porticulasphaera . 77, 94, 107, 189, 200-203 Porto Rico 119 Powells Lake Spillway, Wider 296, 326 Poz6n, Venezuela » fly Wa, 88 84, 109-114, 116-121, 123- 142, 144-151, 154, 155, 158- 163, 165-169, 171-174, 176- 181, 184-189-192, 198-228 Poz6én-El Mene Road, Venezuela G7, 176, Bil, 83, 84, 90, 108, 135, 154, 173, 181, 186-189, 192, 203, 224- 228 Pozén Well No. 3, Venezuela 76, 90 pozonensis, Alveovalvu- linella ; 6 83, 107, 116 Bolivina .... i 146 Globoquadrina 10 184, 185 Liebusella 107, 116 Siphonina 164 Textularia 85, 114 pozonensis crassa, Liebusella 116 praebulloides, Globiceninage eS 9, 805) 93; 95, 100, 179, 180, 181 praecedens, Chlamys 307 praecox, Vitrinella 12 Praeglobotruncana Dy D8, AOS= 267 Praeglobotruncana rohi zone 258, 259 praemenardit, Globorotalia .... 78, 79, 99, 214-216 praescitula, Globorotalia 94, 99, 100, Dis: 2208221 prima, Dissentoma 15 princeps, Chlamys .... 300 problematicus, Sigaretus 34 producta, Strigilla .... 21, 48, 49 proficua, Semele .... 22 prolata, Gonatosphaera.. 123 Lingulina ; 123 promera, Tellina 21 RrOPOLOGY Glinalesss- eye 377, 380 protexta, Terebra 18 protuberans, Cristellaria 134 Leupoldina ....20 258, 259, 264 Robulus . s 134 Provence; oF Erancel=. 3114, 331 Providence Island, Rainalina eee eee 9 439 INDEX proxima, Nucula . 19 pygmaea capayana, Psarostola 16 Uvigerina pseudobeyrichi, IeAvabnOKGKSWIEL -acecnooonseancos: Bolivina NOW WAG, WA, IEMA OVE” soe ctovessoanscooctdocoone 148 Pyrgo .. Pseudochama Di SRyrcocytharas ees Pseudoclavulina 115. pyrula, Bulimina .... Pseudogaudryina 115 pyrula perversa, Pseudoglandulina ....... 107, 108, 126, PS villian alee eee: 139 Pseudomalaxis 29 Q Pseudonodosaria 108, 129, 130 Pseudophragmina 377, 380 quadraria, puella; (Mitra ..........:.. 17 Globoquadrina .......... Puerto Colombia 51 quadraria var. advena, Puerto Rico 399-410 Globoquadrina ie pugilis, Strombus 14 quadricostata, Ecphora.. pulchellum, Buccinum. 36 quadridentatus, Cadulus Caecum 12 quadridentatus pulchellus, acompsus, Cadulus .. Cyclostremiscus 5, 12, 32 quadrilatera, De Git Smeene eee 16 Globigerinas ee Pachystremiscus 5, 32 quadrilineata, Kurtziella Tricolia 11 quadripunctata, Trivia.... pulcher, Calliostoma 10 ~quadrisulcata, Pullenia 168 DWivarercellan eee Pulvinulina ........ 219 Quebrada Collazo, Pulvinulinella 163 Puerto Rico pumila, Emarginula 10 Quinqueloculina ........... pumilio, Opalia 13 pumilio morchiana, R Opalia eee ey 13 punctostriatus, Acteon.... Sie alpiceaueres see Puncturella 10, 245925) radians: Chlamys Ae Dil Punta Gorda, British Honduras 50 Phacoides .. pare pupoides, Bulimina — 150 Pseudocham@a esses Turbonilla 14 radiata, Delphinula ...... Purpura 16 Pinctata purpurata, Oliva ...... 37. Rancho Viejo, Mexico... purpurata Chlamys 302 raninus, Strombus purpuratus, Pecten 301 raphanistrum, Nodosaria pusila, Tralia 19 raphanistrum carib- pusilla, siNatical ses 15 beana, Nodosaria . Pusio,, Lisanial....-.. 16 raphanistrum var. carib- Puss Head Point, beana, Nodosaria ...... Panainae sane ee 9 taphanus, Siphogenerina pustulans, Schackoina 264 + ‘aphanus transversus, pustulans quinque- Siphogenerina .... camerata, Schackoina.. 264 Rappahennecs River, pustulata, Acmaea 10 megeiin, 1, Sona Rugoglobigerina ........ 269 ravenelli, Pecten ............ pustulosa, Discocyclina.. 381 Recent pygmaea, Uvigerina ...... 155 440 181, 182 181 325,326 23 6, 39, 40 311, 313, 314, 107, 125 107 25 153 153 343 284 296 7, 34, 68, 175, 194, 220 INDEX Rectoglandulina 108, 130 Redmond, C. D. a 196 IReeSNGIS, J, 1B, cocsssoocane 284 reevel, Enaeta . Ee lly; reghiensis, Pecten ..... 297 regius, Conus .... 7) regius cardinalis, Conus 7 IRGImC ere, ISLS scecsscecacsassones 283 rehderi, Parviturbo ... 11 reicheli, Rugoglobi- gerina iitees x 269 Schackoina 264 reicheli pustulata, Rugoglobigerina ........ 269 Remanie Boulder Bed... 258, 266 Ives, JEL, TE. ooscoenecce soo. Gi, 6S Oz 135, Ty Ts 7, Bil, 82, 85 iy M2, iO7/, Ite 119) ADIEI23, 1260108 135, 136, 146, 148, 149, 156, 161, 162, 224 reticularis, Oliva ...... ly IRGIAUISR Sassenau: 18 Reusselilaie. ss... a Wi, Bh, 152 rhizophorae, Ostrea 20 INIQWZAD EUS 2 -cnsooosenaaeseooacdon: 18 Rhone Valley . ree ele 290 rhumbleri, Hastigerinella ae 222 richardsi, pens 312 Ricinula . BE ee ee 41 riisei, Arene .... ante 11 rileyi, Mercenaria _.. B27 5285550 Rimini, Italy 175 IRW@) IBSANEA oapstescasneseccoees 22 Rio Claro Boulder bed. 89 Rio Guatemala group 400 Rio Mainia, Italy . - 22 Rio Mazzapiedi, Italy 92 Rio San Juan, Mexico BT Rio Tuyra Valley, aman an peer oes te 7 Risomurex ........ pee 5, WG, 40), 41 ISSOC mre erent oe eee 5, iil, 26. 27 RUSSOinlaaeemeemeee y rete ili, IP roberti, Rotalipora ........ 268 Robulus ........ WO, Til, WE els 82- 85, 126, 130-136 robusta, Globigerina me 160 Globorotaliaws.. Ws, Wi 79: 80, 93, 120, 121, 126, 143, 144, 147, 149, 150, 156, 169, 190, 196, 213-216, 218 Rocellaria ROS EL MIS csr esteem Rogers, W. B. a rohi, Hastigerinoides Praeglobotruncana 22 Rohr, Karl é rohri, Globigerina ........ Globoquadrina .....11 rombergi, Strigilla 5 rosea, Fissurella Ocinebrina Ricinula ROBT icconamasnocanveceseeece roseum, Stephopoma .... rostratula, Ervilia Rotalia RO tall (vce Rotalipora appenninica ZOMGH et ee ee rotundata, Chlamys rubidum, Sistrum rubra, Globi- gerinoides .... Hite 113) Rugoglobigerina t; rugosa, Globigerina ...... Rugoglobigerina Ventricola ...... rugulosum, Cerithiopsis Rupellaria Rel Rusceili, M. . rushi, Hyalopatina ....... rustica, Thais Uvigerina rutschi, Sphaeroidinella.. S sacculifera, Globigerina.. Globigerinoides sacculifera immatura, Globigerinoides sacculiferus, Globigerinoides ....... sacculiferus var. imma- tura, Globigerinoides Sachs, K. N., Jr., Puerto Rican Upper Oligo- cene Larger Foramini- feraee sagittula, Frondicularia.. sagittula lanceolata, 441 6, 14, 42 34 DD U2, USKs}, ILO), 163 Zia 262-264, 266, 267 305 41 104, 106, 191, 106, 188 186-188 187 188 188 395 121 Frondicularia aaa sagra, Cancris Philine Rotalia Saint Thomas ..... salisburyi, Pullenia salleana, Terebra sallomacensis, Ashtarotha Astarte Salt Mountain limestone Salud, Canal Zone ... San Antonio, Mexico San Blas Indians sandersoni, Atys San Diego, California... Sanguinolaria sanjuanensis, Turritella San Lorenzo, Venezuela San Lorenzo formation San Lorenzo formation, Gallite ee See Boeke San Lorenzo formation, Venezuela San Luis Potosi, Mexico San Sebastian formation santamaria, ean Lyropecten ; Saracenaria sardea, Alvania Sarmatian saucatsensis, Glycymeris Saunderssa) bore: saundersi, Plano- malina .... 20 Saxicava sayana, Chlamys Sayella sayi, Diodora scabra, Lima scabrella, Chlamys scabriuscula, Chlamys scalariformis, Cerithidea scalaris, Dosina Lagenonodosaria Truncatella Venus Schackoina schencki, Saracenaria Schenckiella schlichti, Nodosaria Schoonover, L. schrammi, Cyclostremiscus . INDEX 318, 3 B79; 84 67 71 379 399, 400, 403, 408 308, 309, 326 308 137, 138 26 433 293 68, 257, 262 257, 260, 261 331 311 14 10 20 302 310 13 323 122 11 329 264 137 ikl) 127 284, 309 O25 258, 263, 72 Brguinal | Pe cassecaeceeee. 5, 40, 41 Risomurex weee 16, 40, Al Scliwense lias ees 14 Scientists’ Cliffs, Md. 324 scitula, Globorotalia . Tsk. WD, O25 99; 100; 2s 21529 = 22 Pulvannallitrva ence 219 scitula gigantea, Globorotalia Pel eh 79, 99); 220 scitula praescitula, Globorotalia opp 1) GE GI), 100), 215, 220, 221 scitula scitula, Globorotalia ..........19 78) 2111, 2119= 221 Scotland IWS scottt, Rugoglobigerina.. 269 Sculptis, Bulimina ........ 150 sculpturata, Ostrea 328 Sel agen 13 SEmelete yee were 22 semiaspera, Diplodonta . 20 seminulina, Globigerina 197, 198 Sphaeroidinella ...... 2) Dy 6D), 80; 81, 89, 93, 110, 112-114, 116-119, 121, 125, 126, 129! 131-135, 139-144, 146-148, 150-1555 L5i/- GOs G2 GAs 166, 168, 1723173, 175s 178, 182, 186, 193, 196-199, 206-208, 214, 217-219, 224, 225 seminulina kochi, : Sphaeroidinella WP FS), SHO), WHT, 198 seminulina seminulina, Sphaeroidinella ......12 80, 89, 93, 193, 196-198 semisulcatum, Papyridea 21 Vitrinella Late. 5) 3, 2, 30 semmesi, Actinosiphon 382 Operculina x 405 seniensis, Chlamys . 314 SEnngeAN ae hase 68, 72 senni, Robulus ........... 6 WO; Wil, 83- 85, 1345135 Safa Cena tice eee 138 Siphogenerina 153 sentis, Chlamys 20 septenaria, Chlamys . 307 Sen ul aes : ISil Serrania de Capira, DPRK EVANEY soccomscgsoconbueRt06 7 Serrania de Darien, 442 INDEX Panama ... ce 7 setosa, Bryophila ....... 45 Seymour, Nie 68 sheppardi, Discocyclina 381 shuttleworthianus, Ischnochiton ... pe 23 Sicillivaaweencercce 6, 92, 93; 194, 196 Sigaretus ..... ) 8 34 Sigmoilina .... 118 simplex, Bolivina 84, 85, 126, 131, 147, 148, 157, 165 SinGeraawOtriedllay eyes: 51 Siphogenerina x WO; We WS) Soe S35 928126415 2-154 Siplonindaeee see ee 164 Siphonodosaria .... - 154 Sistiumiliee sss 4] sixaolus, Decipifus ... 2 5, 6 16, ‘ 36 Smaragdia _..... e iil smithi, Carditopsis _. 20 smithii, Condylocardia.. 52 Solariorbis ihe oa oe 3, 12, BE solarium, Chlamys- 304 soldadensis, Atheco- cyclina . 387 soldadensis caledarden- sis, Pseudophragmina 387 cf. soldanii, Gyroidina 162 Gyroidinoides 107, 162 soldanii, Gyroidina . 160 Gyroidinoides 107 Isognomon 295, 296 soldanu altiformis, Gyroidina ts 160 Gyroidinoides 107 Soldado Rock, Trinidad 377, 380, 383 soldidulus, Pecten 302 Solecuitussee ee 22 soleniforme, Papyridea.. 21 soror, Diplodonta 20 South America .. os Wi Spadiceas Bursaln ee 5) sparsicostata, “Uvigerinella”’ 10) 9/6590 spectralis, Glycymeris.... 19 spengleri, Calcarina . 354 Sphaeroidina 193, 195 Sphaeroidinella ......... i, WD, WH: PHL e ey TO alilmasee 116-119, 121, 195. 126,199) 131-135, 139-144, 146-148, 150-155, 157-160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 173, 175, 178-179, 182, 186, 193-199, 206-208, 214, 217-219, 224, 225 Sphenia BD spinosa, Vulvulina 114 Cristellaria See 131 spinosa muocenica, Vulvulina 114 spinosus, Baculu- gypsinoides .......... 354 Robwluss ccc: se 131 spinulosa, Reussella 7 Wik, tS), ISP Verneuilina 152 Spiroglyphus 12 Spicolaxismne ee 12 Spiroloculina ........ 118 Spit ayers: 23 spirula, Spirula . 23 Sponciyls ieee eee 20 cf. sportella, Puncturella 2 10, 24 sportella, Puncturella 25 spurca, Cypraea a 15 spurca acicularis, Cypraea ..... nay. 15 SPUEIISss CONSE =e 17 spurius atlanticus, Conus 17 Stainforth, R. M. W2, 84, B87, 154, 180 stainforthi, Catapsydrax lA > heOesas 87) OOO ni td ieOentitoe 118; 1208123,106,12 7.129! 131-133, 135-139, 141, 142, 144-146, 149, 153, 154, 157, 163, 169, 172, 174, 178, 181- 189, 192, 204-208, 212, 214, 218, 219, 221. 2230095 927 INodosatiale 128 staminea, Anadara ... 24 290 Antigona ee 52229 AE CA. sae 290 INUIT, ssscsesccndcanncess 321 Cytherea ..... i? 321 Stanford University 35 staufferi, Miogypsina 404 Miolepidocyclina 404 stearnsii, Pecten Ms 303 stearnsil diegensis, JPEGUEM ss sassasosoce: 303 Stefaninin (Ge ase = 286 Stenomphalus ..... ae 329 stephensoni, Athecocyclina ....... 32 379, 386 Pseudophragmina ..32 379, 386 443 Stephopoma Stewart, R. B. Stilostomella eas stimpsoni, Rocellaria St. Marys formation St. Marys River, Md. straminea, Mitra cf. strathearnensis, Ammobaculites striata, Donax ....... Martesia ra cf. striatula, Marginulina Stricillam 2. eee eco Striovitrinella ... Strombiformis . Strombus aig Se stylifera, Phasianella Rosenia ia Oe subaculeata, Cristellaria subaculeata glabrata, Cristellaria ee subaculeatus, Robulus.... subaculeatus glabratus, Robulus subarcuatus, Pecten Subaresta, Pita .......--. subauriculata, Lima Limatula eas 3 subbullata, Marginulina subcarinata, Planomalina subcretacea, Hastigerinella aff. subcretacea, Hastigerinella 23 subdehiscens, Sphaeroidinella subglobosa, Cassidulina.. subglobosa_ horizontalis, Gassidulinal eres subglobosus, Cassidulina sublituus, Astacolus .. Vaginulina teal suborbicularis, Heterostegina subovata, Glycymeris subovata tuomeyi, Glycymeris subquadrata, Globi- PELINOIGES cae. eee subrostrata, Anadara EGA aie Pee: INDEX 108, 154 22 284, 290, 307- 309, 326, 332 287 U7/ total 22 22 123 Ged 49% 51 55 iil 14 1h! 42 42 135 135 134, 135 271 79-81, 194- 198 166, 167 167 84 108, 138 108, 138 354 327,929 327 Scalp haces =e 291 subrufus, Hipponix ...... 14 subtenuissima, Anomalina 228 Planulinagerce ss: 228 suffusa, Lucapina 10 suffusa tobagoensis, Te wcaliin alesse eee 10 STIIGATANINGhUSA eee ee 18 sulicostata, Arca ......... DEI SUMa rahe teaser ces eee 174 superba, Marginulina . 139 superbus, Vaginulinopsis ........6 71, 83-85, ILS ioy, WsKsy, IS), 5) Suite fale len lel eee 87, 89 suter1, Bolivina 148 Globorotaloides 208 RO ull Saeeeeee ee eee 135 suturalis, Orbulina ....13 78, 200, 202 Suwannee formation .... 404 swifti, Haplocochlias .... 11 Monostiolum ........... 16 Synaptocochlea ...... 11 Syncera iad 11 1p Tabalong District, |BYONGNEOW Sratooenraccacavsodcon 351 Tabaquite-Nariva Road, AMBTAVIGENC| Sp yep ancssecooceoa: 258 Tagelus . 22 Tampa limestones. 404 tampaensis, Tellina . 21 tani, Miogypsina .......... 403, 408 Tanlajas formation ........ 379 Anewd overdo), IN|, C, 25: 308 staschtale-ee ee oe 331, 332 taurinum, Terebra ........ 7 tauroscalarata, Ashtarotha 318, 319 JNGUENENS, oh pceotootandet se 318 SREGEARIUS erp aera ree 11 Tegula ee 11 Teinostoma ............... 12 Melina Aveevenecten wns: caterers 21, 48 tenera, Barbatia . 19 | Sou: Wee eee eccce? 20 CRED TAa ae ines 7, ifs} Wered@ wnchBiescs senders 326 terminalis, Vitrinella .... |? terricula, Odostomia 43, 44 Terty, Robert vA. ce. 44 (Wiring, INANE Go cseopoucnac! 6, 43 @dostomialee. + 6, 14, 43 INDEX Tertiary Th, S24 i125 tervaricosa, Alaba ........ 13 teschi, Ashtarotha .... 318, 319 ANGE. segpassecnecnsenbaee 318 tessellata, Littorina ...... 11 INenitay eee eat 11 MnG1COlial sees eee 11 testacea, Agaronia ........ 17 @olubrariay 16 testiculus, Cypraecassis.. 15 BIRCH She hee eames teticoisthes 7/ Texaco well Guayaguay- are No. 163, Trinidad 264 Texaco well Marac No. 1, Trinidad .... 27a Texaco Trinidad Inc. ... 67, 79 texana, Heterostegina.... 400, 405 Lepidocyclina ............ 400 HWeXASM eek oo. 405, 406, 407 texasianum, Dentalium.. 23 Mextullaiidiee. 00.2 ee 71, 83-85, Hows diextulariellay 2... LLY TREATS. oe ae en 16 thalmanni, Bolivina ...... 148 Guadnyinaye soe 114 ftitgsae ys @OSttea sees... 379 thisphila, Astarte 318, 319 Thomas, M. L. 68, 70 gliltgacial Petas fone fee coe: 22, 326 tinetus, CGantharus! ........ 16 Tintamarre ee 409 Tivela Be ment 21 tobagoensis, Lucapina.... 10 tobleri, Proporo- Gy Glin see. -.-) 4 DT DI atsh0); 235), SI Pseudophragmina 32 377, 378, 385, 392 Toco Bay, Trinidad ...... 258 Toco formation ......... 257]; Tocuyo, Venezuela Ge Was Ds 129, 134 Tocuyo formation, Wenez clause 70, WG, Sil, 82, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 107, 109-118, 120-125, 127, 128, 130-134, 136-144, 149- 160, 162, 164-169, 172, 177, 178, 182-189, 191, 192, 204, DOCH207: Qik 25. 219,.225- 228 68, 189, 191, 194 Todd, Ruth . Tompire formation ...... 257 Nonna te 15 Ota 12 Mornacinaeees eee 4 38 toroensis, Rissoa 4 , 26 torridus, Robulus .......... 134 Tortonian Be ee lla aks See 333 Touraine . set 306, 331 tournali, Chlamys . 306 trachaea, Dentalium ...... 35 Trachycardium ie Zi Tralia Seer, ee ee 19 Transennella Bea 21 transitoria, Globigerinoides ........ 201, 202 Porticulasphaera 14 77,107, 189, 202 transversa, Anadara ...... 19 Siphogenerina ........6 70, 78, 79, S32, O33. OW, 176, 53, 154! Treatise on Invertebrate Raleontolo cy meses 35 tricarinata, Archt- CEGLON GA 25 Tricolia Olsens 11 tricostata, Ecphora ..... 33 tridacnoides, Mercenaria 327, 328, 330 tridentata, Pleuromeris.. 45 tridentata decemcostata, Pleuromeritss "-- 45 Mitr Omta qn cast asec ee 330 Trigoniocardia sees 21 triloba, Globigerina ... 187 Globigerinatella WT Sills 90, 104, 106, 107, 123, 127, 129, 134, 137, 138, 140, 163, 186-188, 190-192, 198, 204, 208. 21225 triloba altiapertura, Globigerinoides 10 triloba immatura, Globigerinoides ....11 106, 187 81, 104, 106, 187, 188 triloba triloba, Globigerinoides ...11 76, 77, 106, 107, 187 triloba sacculifera, Globigerinoides ....11 106, 188 trilocularis, Globigerina 104 cf. trilocularis, Globigerina a 95, 104, 190 Triloculina saih-4 im 118 rina Soon ONG aS Udls 83, 87-90, 92, 104, 116, 445 INDEX 117, 122 saad, 1sssu86; 257, 400, 405, 407, 408 Trinidad Leaseholds tde. 67 Trinidad: Pet. Dev. well Moruga No. 15 trinitatensis, 266, 270 Anomalinoides 223 Operculina 404 Thais A 16 Truncatulina 223 Trinitella 269 Triodonta 330 Triphora eee 13 Triptychus 14 trisulcata, Lucina 20 Tritonalia we 41 TPA: soncheonbhanse 15) Trochammina 71, 83-85, Hil, WO), 355) Troschel, F. H. 4l Truncatella Spee 11 Truncatulina : 223 Truncorotaloides 94 tuberculata, Nodilittorina 11 tuberculatus, Chiton ...... 23 tuberosa, Cassis 15 tuberosum, Cymatium 15 Tucker-Rowland, H. I. 284 tulipa, Fasciolaria 16 Turbinella 17 Engina ee 16 Turbo alee PS), LE Turbonilla ..... 14 Turner, R. 42 turnerensis, Discocyclina 381 turoniensis, Arca bc 288, 290 turricula, Odostomia 43 turristhomae, Triphora.. 13 Turritella WA, SPB), SPARE 379 tururensis, Globi- gerinella a 262 Planomalina ; 262 Typhis : eee 5} typica, Rupellaria .......... 21 U umbonaria, Arca 291, 292 umbonata, Arca 19 umbonatus, Eponides 159 umbonatus ecuadorensis, Eponides 159 undata, Micromelo .... 18 undosa, Eulepidina ...34 402, 407 Lepidocyclina ....... 34 402, 407 undulata, Astarte . 318 undulatus, Crassatellites 327 unicavus, Catapsydrax ....... 15 76, 204 unifasciatum, Epitonium 14 uniplicata, Neosimnia 15 United States National Museum 47, 108, 175, 283 universa, Orbulina ....13 Wes Bil, 2Oe Uporu, Samoa Islands ... 356 Urbanna, Va. $ 309 urbannaensis, Chlamys 302, 326 Urosalpinx ..... 15 U. S. Geological Survey 68, 72, 194 Uvigerina ; 84, 85, 108, 126, 131, MSI IS)5),, SG, S77, 165 “Uvigerinella’”’ WS 716, S10) V Vaginulina 108, 138, 139 Vaginulinopsis .............. 71, 83-85, I2)5)5 1S}9),, 152 Vallée Rhone .... 312 Wallyaalliin era eee 79 Valvulina Fe 83, 118 Valvulineria . oO MSZ ale 164, 165 Wrarmenaial, 1ehs (Go asugenseneanee 28 Salen, INGEKEOWS oe. sy ocsocccee 16 Chlamys . 299 variabilis, Globorotaloides ..... 16 208 variabilis, Persicula 39 variable, Cerithium ...... 13 variegata, Charonia ... 15 IDiGAO Tae 10 varium, Bittium .. 13} WASUMIE Ee es steno 7 Vaughan, T. We ee 286, 353, 378, 380, 385, 387, 400, 402 Venericardia ......... 331 Wenezuclamasnneys ate 67, 89, 109- 114, Hite: 119, 123-126, 128, 129, 131-134, 136- 142, 144- 155, 158-163, 165-169, 171- 174, 176-181, 184-192, 198- 219, 222-228, 406-409 venezuelana, Globigerina 186 Globoquadrina ......11 186 Gyroidinoides . Planularia venezuelanum, Alveolophragmium venosa, Nautilus Operculinella Ventricola Ventricolidea ventricosa, Chlamys ventricosus, Pecten Venus ..... Vermetidae verneuili, Ellipsono- dosaria? Stilostomella - Verneuilina verrucosus, versicolor, Tellina Conus Nerita vertebralis, Nautilus ae Nedosara ee Orthoceras Verticordia vibex, Nassarius vicksburgensis, Operculina vicola, Cerithiopsis . Vindobonian virescens, Voluta .......... Virgin Islands virginea, Virginia Virgulina viridemaris, viridis, Chiton . Simatacdial es. viridis viridemaris, Smaragdia Neritina ........ Smaragdia.. viridula, Diodora ....... Tegula Vitricythara .... Vitrinella Vitrinorbis Vokes, H. Volcan de Chiriqui, - Panama Voluta von Martens, E. ic vortex, Cristellaria Nautilus Robulus vulgaris, Nuculana Vulvulina .... 6 INDEX 161 129 UO WiKO, teakil 361 Za), Sail, Ba); 354, 356 321 SP Il yA D7, ISX! Ww wallacei, Marginulina Robulus 6 136 7, WO, Wi 82, 83, 126, 134, 136 Washington, D. C. washitensis, Globigerina 23 Water Key watsonensis, Chlamys waylandvaughani, Lepidocyclina Wayne County, N. cr weaveri, Discocyclina 33 Weber, Jay A. weber, Divaricella .. 4 Persicula 1 Rabiceaaees 1 Wells, J. W. West Indian region wetherelli, Acteocina Acteon . wiechmanni, Stenomphalus Wilcox County, Alabama willcoxi, Operculina William F. E. Gurley Foundation .... NITE NTOTEY ote scoonseasce Williamsburg, Va. Wilson, D. Wiseman, Ie D. H. and Ovey, CG ID). Woodring, W. P. woodringi, Murex .... Woodwardia ... xX Xenophora 4 Nabewere Yaeyama-gunt6 eds retto Yoldia ; yorkensis, Chlamys : Yorktown, Virginia . Yorktown formation ... 108, 175, 194 309 385 194 284, 286, 404 15 10 14 349, 356, 360, 363 35.05 S51 284, 305, 307, 326, 332 INDEX yumuriana, Angulo- gerina : Siphogenerina yurnagunensis, Lepidocyclina Téei 38, JN ID), 2 zebra, Arca . Cypraea ..... INGaitinameeeer: cf. zealandica, Gyroidinoides zelandica,Dosina cf. zelandica, Gyroidinoides zenonis, Chlamys zeteki, Mytilopsis ziczac, Littorina . Pecten . ziziniae, Chlamys Gigantopecten zonamestum, Call StOM aie see 10 zonata, Gibberula .. 448 144 153 160, 162 313 20 11 20 305, 306 305, 306 10 39 XXVI. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVI. XXXVIII. XXXIX. Volume I. IND, S007) 20.334 pps 2Apls. ch. U ee dal i Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca (Nos. 88-94B). 306 pp., 30 pls. ......ccceesceccsscseseeesvenes NE Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia, Meso- zoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and Maryland Mio- cene mollusks, (Nos. 95-100). 420 pp., 58 pls. oo. cccseeeeeseeeees pea el Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fossils, Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Eogene corals, and geology and paleontology of Ecuador. (Nos, 101-108). 376 ippl 36 pls. ots. nied Bee apical tee Tertiary Mollusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of Venezuela. (Noss 109-114)..)))'412 pp S4plsa 320 es Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian of Idaho, Cretaceous and Eocene mollusks, Cuban and Venezuelan forams. (Nos. 115-116). 7738 pp5'S2. pls? a ee ee) Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods. C0. 117) 55/563 pps 65) pls ge i a ia Jackson Eocene mollusks. (Nos, 118-128). 7,458 pps, 27 pls? alle A a). Venezuelan and California mollusks, Chemung and Pennsyl- vanian crinoids, Cypraeidae Cretaceous, Miocene and Recent corals, Cuban and Floridian forams, and Cuban fossil local- ities, (Nos. 129-133). .294 pp., 39° pls... oi, cclssnioeodoedtcoas Silurian cephalopods, crinoid studies, Tertiary forams, and Mytilarca. (Nos, 154-139)... 449 pps, 51 pls.) Vo ees Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks, Ecuadoran stratigraphy and paleontology. Cos. 140-145)... 400 pp 19 pls! of. sdl Auli Trinidad Globigerinidae, Ordovician Enopleura, Tasmanian Ordovician cephalopods and Tennessee Ordovician ostra- cods, and conularid bibliography. (Nos. 146-154). 386 pp..'31, pls. oles ecdcssesccsccdeceseccseseccsesee G. D. Harris memorial, camerinid and Georgia Paleocene Foraminifera, South America Paleozoics, Australian Ordo- vician cephalopods, California Pleistocene Eulimidae, Vol- utidae, Cardiidae, and Devonian ostracods from Iowa. (Nos. 155-160). -.412 pp. 53 pls. And. bo Le Globotruncana in Colombia, Eocene fish, Canadian-Chazyan fossils, foraminiferal studies. (Nos. 161-164).° 486 pp., 37 pls.) fo)... occeseescocsssecbestececdedeecl.. Antillean Cretaceous Rudists, Canal Zone Foraminifera, Stromatoporoidea. (Nos. 168-174)-« 420 pps 53-pls. ee) We ed ay Re Venezuela geology, Oligocene Lepidocyclina, Miocene ostra- cods, and Mississippian of Kentucky, turritellid from Vene- zuela, larger forams, new mollusks, geology of Carriacou, Pennsylvanian plants. (Nos. 177;182) 0) 2394 pp. 38 pls... tod ee she ihe SE Panama Caribbean mollusks, Venezuelan Tertiary formations and forams, Trinidad Cretaceous forams, American-Euro- pean species. PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA (Nos. 1-5). 519 pp., 75 pls. \ Monographs of Arcas, Lutetia, rudistids and venerids. (INOS |Gl2)o7\.531 (py BF Bis! wicca ae awe win LeMoy Heliophyllum halli, Tertiary turrids, Neocene Spondyli, Pale- ozoic cephalopods, Tertiary Fasciolarias and Paleozoic and Recent Hexactinellida. (Nos. 13-25). 128 pp., 18 pls. Rudist studies, Busycon, h 9.50 9.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 13.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 13.50 15.00 16.00 13.20 20.00 20.00 . CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY I. (Nos. 1-5). -354 pp., 32 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca. Ii. (Nos. 6-10). 4347 pp., 23 pls. Tertiary Mollusca and Foraminifera, Paleozoic faunas. Ii. (Nos. 11-15). 402 pp., 29 pls. Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and faunas. IV. (Nos. 16-21). °161 pp. 26 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Paleozoic sections and faunas. V. (Nos. 22-30). 437 pp., 68 pls. Tertiary fossils mainly Santo Domingan, Mesozoic and Pale- ozoic fossils. VI. (No. 31). 268 pp., 59 pls. Claibornian Eocene pelecypods. WEI}: GNe. 32)..: 730) pp.“ 90 pis. oc Cai ode ei a ee 14.00 Claibornian Eocene scaphopods, gastropods, and cephalopods. VITE. (Nos. 33-36). 357 pp., 15 pls. Mainly Tertiary Mollusca. 4X.” (Nos. 37-39). 462.pp.5i35 pls. won salle Gia 13.00 Tertiary Mollusca mainly from Costa Rica. X. (Nos. 40-42). 382 pp. 54 pls. Tertiary forams and mollusks mainly from Trinidad and Paleozoic fossils. XE (Nos. 48-46).0:')\272' pp., 41 piso 4 ho) eh RAD oe Tertiary, Mesozoic and Paleozoic fossils mainly from Vene- zuela. XII. (Nos. 47-48). 494 pp., 8 pls. Venezuela and Trinidad forams and Mesozoic invertebrate bibliography. XE, *)(Nos. 49-50)» 264 pp.,47 pls. tls ike ea Ae 10.00 Venezuelan Tertiary Mollusca and Tertiary Mammalia. XIV. (Nos. 51-54). 306 pp., 44 pls. Mexican Tertiary forams and Tertiary mollusks of Peru and Colombia. XV. (Nos. 55-58). 314 pp. 80 pls. Mainly Ecuadoran, Peruvian and Mexican Tertiary forams and mollusks and Paleozoic fossils. XVI. = :GNos.. 59-61)... 440: pps,-4& pise eich aS chet tec Bias 6.00 Venezuela and Trinidad Tertiary Mollusca. X VEL | CNOs.' 62-63)... 283. pp.; 33 Dlsit..0.....facactereleslesWernoesucabanedent 10.00 Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca. XVEIL ) (Nos. 64-67)... °286,'pp., 29 pls. cel a a dpate roteee 900 Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals. . RIX, (Nos 68) 55, 272) pp (24 pls. ns yl cade pa aveadgh 9.00 Tertiary Paleontology, Peru. mE i CNos. 68-706) 5-266 pp., 26 pls. Aah). dencnsohs tek os 9.00 Cretaceous and Tertiary Paleontology of Peru and Cuba. ET,” (Noe 71-92)... A321 pp. 12 piel na et erage 9.00 Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy. SRL, * QNOSS73-76): \S356.pp., 31, pls. >.) .dpisdecdel iW s eateeregeceeed 9.50 Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera. REM: GNos,'"77-70) 5, 251 pps 35) pls. ee AA AS veh eccdapa reer 9.00 Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of Conrad. “ii