| FIELD MUSEUM 70 / NATURAL HISTORY BS JUL 2/968 __ BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY (Founded 1895) Vol. 54 No. 241 WISCONSIN MOLLUSCAN FAUNAS FROM HENDERSON COUNTY, KENTUCKY By RutH G. BROWNE AND PAMELA M. BRUDER 1968 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York 14850, U.S.A. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION 1967 - 1968 PRE STIVE NIT ccco sss covses rev eccee ec acoa seas ates ae toa nave o ots Tas San hse eaO aero KENNETH E. CASTER VIGE=PRESIDENT .csccceccvecssostssestesSescnotascoreatievtsccceoncerassacstacvosesueeceacsnontace WILLIAM B. HEROY SECRETARY RRASURER Wcerccscetsretesreracersnes corer erantnerenseecanncnasestecensecesranset REBECCA S. HARRIS DIRECTOR: ccscsesectesscessctecessenssssstuasctxe cusucesucotsseceecvsreacoseccncevanceess® KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (COUINSELD soccscecceccesenccrectecccssussasonszesecsnsssssisuceassaseurenstessctessansossccsuseassesenes ARMAND L. ADAMS IRREPRESENTATIVE) AAAS COUNCIL cecocesoccccercsccececcecescececcssentsosececccees KENNETH E. CASTER Trustees KENNETH E. CASTER (1966-1972) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life) DonaLp W. FISHER (1967-1973) Wituram B. HeEroy (1962-1968) Resecca S. Harris (Life) AXEL A. OLsson (Life) DANIEL B. Sass (1965-1971) Hans G. KuGLer (1963-1969) W. Storrs Cote (1964-1970) BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY and PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA KATHERINE V. W. PALMER, Editor Mrs. FAy Briccs, Secretary Advisory Board KENNETH E. CASTER HANS KUGLER A. Myra KEEN JAY GLENN Marks AXEL A. OLSSON Complete titles and price list of separate available numbers may be had on application. For reprint, Vols. 1-23, Bulletins of American Paleontology see Kraus Reprint Corp., 16 East 46th St., New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. For reprint, vol. I, Palaeontographica Americana see Johnson Reprint Corporation, 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003, U.S.A. Subscription may be entered at any time by volume or year, with average price of $16.00 per volume for Bulletins. Numbers of Palaeontographica Amer- icana invoiced per issue. Purchases in U.S.A. for professional purposes are deductible from income tax. For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place Ithaca, New York 14850 U.S.A. BOTTI TINS © AMERICAN PRlEON LOROGY (Founded 1895) Vol. 54 No. 241 WISCONSIN MOLLUSCAN FAUNAS FROM HENDERSON COUNTY, KENTUCKY By RUTH G. BROWNE AND PAMELA M. BRUDER jimmes 3; (1968 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York 14850, U.S.A. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: GS 68-135 Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Page Abstract . eee : coe, LEO Imitroductlon!s 25-2. 191 Acknowledgments .... . 191 Processing of material ................. a LOM Kocatlonyot sitesi... em 192 Stratigraphic description of sites 194 Discussion of ecology .. 200 Systematic paleontology 213 References ae 266 Plates . 269 ILLUSTRATIONS Text-figures ] 192 2 193 3 193 Localities ie: 201 Pa tie Os, 202, 203 5 : J 203, 204 + re : 206 ey 2 206, 207 6 abies ee 208 Ti ; : 208, 209 8 L ao é tne se : 210, 211 9 ; 213, 214 ‘a 1g Pe a phot we ie eat # WISCONSIN MOLLUSCAN FAUNAS FROM HENDERSON COUNTY, KENTUCKY RutH G. BROWNE and PAMELA M. BRUDER ABSTRACT Molluses of Wisconsin age are described from nine localities bordering the Ohio River in western Kentucky. The area is covered by the Henderson, Smith Mills, and Wilson 7 14-minute quadrangles. The faunas, with a single excep- tion, are from the Peoria loess. Molluscs were recovered from the Farmdale loess at one locality. Thirty-two species representing 12 families are covered by the study. Twenty-eight of these species are land gastropods. Of the remaining four, three are semiaquatic and one true aquatic. The general paleoenvironment is considered to have been a moist situation inhabited by species living in marsh and flood plain regions close io bodies of water. The area was forested or forest bordered and the climate was cool. INTRODUCTION A pre-convention Pleistocene field trip was conducted in con- junction with the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1961. At this time, Dr. Aurele La Rocque, paleontologist on the staff of Ohio State University at Columbus, Ohio, suggested that interested individuals undertake the study of Pleistocene molluscs in the various states where they are to be found. A contribution would thus be made to the general knowledge and distribution of the faunas. Some time later and after several reconnaissance trips, the senior author decided to undertake this study for Kentucky. Mrs. Pamela Bruder of Anchorage, Kentucky, joined the project as co- worker. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to express their great appreciation to Dr. William J. Wayne, glacial geologist with the Geological Survey, Indiana Department of Conservation, Bloomington, Indiana. Dr. Wayne visited the collecting sites and reviewed the preliminary draft of this manuscript. His help and guidance concerning specific problems were invaluable. Mrs. Virginia Schott, of Louisville, Kentucky, gave generously of her time in assisting with the collec- tion of the material. The photographs were made by Mr. Charles Stone of Lexing- ton, Kentucky. PROCESSING OF MATERIAL The following procedure was adopted for the collecting and processing of the material: The site was cleared and shoveled to 192 BULLETIN 241 present a fresh exposure. Samples were then taken stratigraphically in one-foot collecting intervals with approximately five pounds of material taken from each interval. To process the samples the silt was placed in jars covered with water to which baking soda had been added to help separate the specimens from the matrix. Jars were left standing a minimum of 12 hours and sample was agitated in the interim to help disintegrate it. The samples were then washed gently through a 25-mesh sieve and the residue was thoroughly dried. Specimens were then boiled a few minutes in a low-sudsing detergent to clean them. Identifica- tion was made with a Bausch and Lomb stereozoom microscope. LOGATION-OER SITES All nine localities covered by this study are located on either the Henderson or the Smith Mills 7-1/2 minute topographic quad- rangles published by the United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. Five of the sites are on the Henderson Quad- rangle and four on the Smith Mills. Maps (Text-figs. 1, 2, 3) show localities. me, ‘Text-fig. 1. Parts of Smith Mills and Wilson 7.5 5-9 quadrangles showing localities WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 193 EVANSVILLE, IND.7.5 Mi. STATE LINE 3.6 Ml. (EVANSVILLE) MRSS NEE: yy SRF Warrick Spencer HANCOCK BRECKINRIDGE DAVIESS HENDERSON ¢ Text-fig. 3. Collecting Localities 194 BULLETIN 241 STRATIGRAPHIG DESCRIPTION OF SEEES GENERAL STATEMENT The authors have adopted Wayne’s (1963) terminology in applying formation names to the Pleistocene deposits described below. Munsell! color notations are given; all color determinations were taken under laboratory conditions with moist samples unless otherwise specified. SEGEION A Atherton Formation: Thickness Peoria Loess Member: ft in 4. Silt: Medium yellow brown (LOsyr, oYGy, noncalcareous et 2 3. Silt: Medium yellow brown (10 yr 5 6), dunal, calcareous, powdery, nontossiliferous eee 15 2. Covered unit: probably silt g 14 1. Silt: Very pale brown (10 yr 7/4, field; 10 yr 5/5, lab) , calcareous, compact, powdery, sparsely fossiliferous; contains irregularly shaped calcareous concretions ee Total Peoria Panes) | SECTION 2 (a) Basement excavation for house, approximately 250 yards west from section 2b Atherton Formation: ‘Thickness Peoria Loess Member: ft in 4. Silt: Medium yellow brown (10 yr 5/6), mottled with dark brown (7.5 yr 4/4), weathered, clayey, noncalcareous eae: 2 6 3. Silt: Very dark brown (10 yr 2/2), peaty, noncalcareous ........ eae Be eel f America, S) 1Munsell Soil Color Chart distributed by Geological Society ¢ Boulder, Colorado. ; WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 2 soil horizon J. Silt: Yellowish gray (5 y 7/2), clayey, (aquatic?) , mottled with medium yellow brown (10 yr 5/6), calcareous, fossiliferous, contains concretions of Mg and Fe ... Motalwe coria wo. SECTION 2 (b) Atherton Formation: Peoria Loess Member: 4. Silt: Medium yellow brown (10 yr 5/6), noncalcareous, contains humus in top 11-12 inches 3. Silt: Medium yellow brown (10 yr 5/6), dunal, calcareous, powdery, contains few fossils, mostly broken or fragments . 8 oes *2.Silt: Yellowish gray (5 y 7/2) clayey, non- calcareous, nonftossiliferous Sire *]. Silt: Yellowish gray (5 y 7/2), clayey, calcareous, mottled wtih iron staining medium yellow brown (10 yr 5/6), fossiliferous; contains concretions of Mg and Fe ‘Total Peoria SECTION 3 Atherton Formation: Peoria Loess Member: 4. Silt: Dark yellowish brown (10 yr 4/4), noncalcareous, compact Be 3. Silt: Dark yellowish brown (10 yr 4/4), noncalcareous, compact, transitional zone 2. Silt: Pale yellow brown (10 yr 5/4), powdery, noncalcareous, nonfossiliferous, gradational with underlying clay silt; zone of banded iron oxide is present about 1-1/2 feet below overlying 195 3 2+ 6 O= Thickness ft in ee 10 6 2+ 6 20 Thickness ft in Or *Units 1 and 2 are considered to be the same, the former being aquatic. (See Text-fig. 4.) 196 BULLETIN 241 2. Silt: Light yellowish brown (10 yr 5/5), calcareous, compact, powdery, fossiliferous; contains small caleareous.platy ‘COncretiOns:. 2.22 ete a ornate 1. Silt: Light brownish yeliow (10 yr 6/6), mottled with yellowish gray (5 y 7/2), clayey, calcareous, compact, fossiliferous; contains large calcareous concretions measuring one foot in length and 5-6 inches in diameter, nodular to antler-like in shape Poa, VE, | ee See sotal- Reorder. Foreke acon ok A case es eee) Colluvium in gully is dark yellow brown (10 yr 4/4). SECTION 4 Atherton Formation: ‘Thickness Peoria Loess Member: ft in 7. Silt: Dark yellowish brown (10 yr 4/4), clayey, noncalcareous a ! 2 (?) 6. Silt: Light yellow brown (10 yr 5/5), calcareous, FOSSUIETOWS. cats BO eer RR eal Cees (Me) Farmdale (?) Loess Member: 5. Silt: Medium olive gray (5 y 6/2), noncalcareous, powdery, nonfossiiferOus @....0--.0c8ce eee ] 4. Silt: Medium yellow brown (10 yr 5/6), last inch at top becoming gray, calcareous, fossiliferous; contains few Mg and Fe concretions ........... Pee 2 3. Silt: Light yellow brown (10 yr 5/5), mottled with medium yellow brown (10 yr 5/6), calcareous, powdery, fossiliferous; contains Meg and Fe pale yellowish brown (10 yr 5/4), calcareous, massive and compactly bedded; contains sparse WOOWs [aC iM CIESH ciate. nna Perea 6° 1. Clay: Gray (10 yr 5/1), mottled with dark grayish brown, calcareous, nonfossiliferous except for fragments of fossil wood which ane -COMMOn 22. Rae sk) 6 Total Peoria and Farmdale (?) ..... Sis mney) WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 197 SECTION 5 UPPER] PARSE Atherton Formation: Thickness Peoria Loess Member: ft in SEE SOs Dark, (COntAIMS= MUMMUS 22) Ones ao 2. Silt: Transitional with overlying soil zone, light yellowish brown (10 yr 5/4), leached, MOMEOSSUMPCEOUS: |.) en tee BON Sets iO) 1. Silt: Light yellowish brown, (10 yr 5/4), unleached, powdery, compact, sparsely fOSSUMTEC THOUS Ate vaeeat erp itiee tn Mier Ne Cader Mee ee Sak ee PRO tailweeOras eXPOSECs ing mee aN. elena Netbeans 13 This part of section was augered to a depth of 8 feet below the exposed section (see illustration). The silt seemed finer at depth. The relationship of this upper part of section 5 to the lower part is undermined. There are no diagnostic horizons and a very sparse fauna. LOWER PART Atherton Formation: ‘Thickness Peoria Loess Member: ft in 3. Silt: Light yellowish brown, (10 yr 5/4), powdery, compact, sparsely fossiliferous 02.0000... 2. Silt: Light yellowish brown (10 yr 5/4), unleached, compact, fossiliferous, lower half Or mottled with grayish clay areas, contains calcareous concretions in top 5 to 6 feet of unit ...10 TotalsReomar exposed: e.2.. ; This part of section was augered to a depth of four feet below exposed silt (see illustration). The augered material is a brownish yellow (10 yr 6/6) water laid silt, fossiliferous and containing some concretions. Estimated loess unexposed is 7 feet. Road gravel and concretions prevented augering to a depth that might have encountered definative horizons at this section. Since the loess blanket at section 7 is known to be 32 to 33 feet deep, the estimated thickness for this section is postulated on this 198 BULLETIN 241 basis. The top of the concretionary band appears to correspond with that in section 7 as does the faunal change showing a decline in numbers of woodland species. SECTION 6 Atherton Formation: ‘Thickness Peoria Loess Member: ft in Olle eee ns oe ee ra Lasekn a all 2. Silt: Light yellowish brown (10 yr 5/4), unleached, powdery, fossils less numerous than in unit 1, contains a few platy and spinose calcareous CONCrELIONSHS nak eee eee 8 1. Silt: Light yellowish brown (10 yr 5 /4) unleached, clayey, compact, fossiliferous, contains botryoidal, platy and spinose calcareous concretions in top 6 feet Of unites... 14 Total Peoria exposed ; ee, Seen Bee) Estimated loess unexposed ee tt an 10+ The estimated thickness of loess at this section 1s arrived at on the same basis as at section 5. Although the concretionary zone ex- tends to the top of the section, the same faunal change as is noted in sections 5 and 7 is present at the approximate horizon (collecting interval 46) and the loess changes from a clayey silt. Augering of this site was not possible and no visible contacts were present to determine the slope of the loess blanket. Thus, the exposed thickness is inaccurate to the extent the blanket varies from the horizontal. SECTION 7 Atherton Formation: Thickness Peoria Loess Member: ft in bar SOU ve ; eck I] 4. Silt: Medium yellow brown (10 yr 5/4) lab, pale yellow brown (10 y 7/5), field, unleached, strongly effervesces with HCI, (dunal silt) , less compact than unit 3, fossils less MUNGCTOUS Chan WIN. oS. ct chs ee ee eee 10 WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 3. Silt: Light yellowish brown (10 yr 5/4) lab, unleached, powdery compact, fossiliferous, contains calcareous concretions in top 4 feet of unit and iron concretions in basal part ‘Total Peoria ae Farmdale (?) Loess Member: ie) Total Farmdale (?) Sangamon soil: 1. Silt: Strong brown (7.5 yr 5/6), leached, unfossiliferous, weathered surface on Loveland IOeSSi A A DMR ate Uh Ie mE SEG RION:8 Atherton Formation: Peoria Loess Member: 2. Silt: Medium yellow brown (10 yr 5/6), clayey, noncalcareous 7 % of indiv. 100 — | or = =a ae + | | Zonitoides orboreus 2 O 0 O fe} = | (say) A: } { 4 4 + { { t | 4 zanp | 0.40 | % of indiv | 00 c | | T | | Deroceros jceve , 3 0 | | (Miller ' +— Meet 60 | 4 100 ] l + t Anguisp nota 0 1 | | Soy == = | 22 | % of ind 16 84 x | | D ; { 4 scus cronkhitei 27 6 z Newcomb) : 4 | 1348 | a Ph + } } \P m minutissimum 36 65 0 | 4 ered lene | 1a + 1 t t 1 s grosveno 5 3 | Leo +. + t { 16 325 ' man 19 } of ere | { 1 | Vertigo gouldi °) Oo | Binney + 4 4 19 f indiv. | | | L + + Vertigo modesta 8 (S 4 4 sa zi 8 : maa Ss ll + + upil p 0 5 + + 407 ee ] allonia albula 0 erk —+ + 348 “hy maa Hendersonia occulta fe) Say 4 + 9 tind | Snoil egg 4 “ATE I Vallonia albula present.) Although all the above listed require a moist habitat it is likely that this period was drier than that repre- sented by the basal part of the section. Fossaria dalli, Deroceras laeve, and Vertigo gouldi had disappeared. LOCALITY 5 The ecology of the visible section seems identical to that of sections 6 and 7. Except for a single specimen of Strobilops laby- rinthica and Hawatia minuscula in section 7, the faunas of all three are the same. The climate was moist and cool with woodlands prevailing during the deposition of the lower part of the loess. A less favorable environment for survival seems indicated by the upper part of the section. Beyond the 36 collecting interval, fossils are fewer and the woodland forms, Euconulus fulvus and Punctuwm minutissimum drop off sharply in numbers. From the four feet of water-laid silt augered at base of section only three molluscs of two species were recovered, Hendersonia oc- culta and Nesovitrea binneyana. Both thrive in a damp environ- ment. 206 BULLETIN 24] sao tnonisctcu amin a loess Paci SON TEER RTS Baas. gray clay of fossil wood Sa eke. E Locality 4 W IN| FAUNA no S a] WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER Upper Section silt (loess) Lower Section Road Level se 5 top of conc. zone 10’ Silt (loess) 12° Silt unexposed est. SE Locality 5 NW LOCALITY 6 The climate throughout the period of deposition of loess in this section was moist and cool. Discus cronkhitei catskillensis and Hendersonia occulta, species which thrive in damp environments, are present. Vertigo modesta, Vallonia albula, and Euconulus fulvus are all indicative of a cool climate. ‘The latter species and Punctwm minutissimum, present in large numbers in the lower two-thirds of the section, imply a hardwood cover. Anguispira alternata, the large woodland snail, is restricted in number collected, but the recovered specimens, with one exception, are all from the lower part of the section. The upper part of the section, beyond the 46 collecting interval, shows a marked decline in the woodland species as the area became more open. LOCALIRY 7 The visible section shows two types of silt, such as are found at some of the other localities. The lower silt, 22 feet thick, is com- pact and quite fossiliferous. The upper, a dunal silt, is less com- pact, less fossiliferous and somewhat deeper in color (Text-fig. 7) . The fauna from the lower silt is dominated by species which inhabit a woodland environment. Woodlands were probably repre- sented by hardwood forests or forest borders because Anguispira alternata is present. ‘The environment was moist and probably close to water. The general absence from the section of the semiaquatics 208 BULLETIN 241 Silt unexposed est. Ww Locality 6 1D; ronkhitel - : - . + 63 | 3.75 nail egg I Oo) or species which thrive in a marsh situation leads to the belief that this locality, like localities 5 and 6, was somewhat drier than others covered by this study. Optimum ecological conditions did not prevail during the deposition of the 13 through 15 collecting intervals because few specimens were recovered from this part of the section. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 209 64 40 z= asm 39 16’ &S a Ae Ss |32 Dunal Silt ? if IN 10° Silt clayey Se sl geet ay orange brown ee i (Sangamon weathering Se on Loveland loess) ~ SW Locality 7 NE SW Locality 7 NE 210 BULLETIN 241 Considerably fewer numbers of specimens were found in the upper part of the section. The habitat was, apparently, less favor- able for survival. Perhaps this silt accumulated at a greater rate than the underlying silt which is finer and more compact. The area was probably more open but still moist and cool when the dunal silt was deposited. Anguispira alternata had disap- peared from the section as had Nesovitrea binneyana. Columella alticola, a species restricted to areas of cool temperature and humid climate, is also absent from the silt in the upper part of the section. LOCALITY 8 The dominance, in the fauna of species indigneous to wood- lands, shows that the area was wooded. The woods were, no doubt. hardwoods since Punctum minutissimum has a preference for beech and Helicodiscus parallelus is frequently found in stands of oak WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 211 SW Locality 8 NE and hickory. Intervals six through ten feet have the largest number of species. The habitat was moist throughout the entire time with Deroceras laeve and Vertigo gouldi generally present. Fossaria ob- russa decampt, a species which inhabits shallow-standing bodies of water, was recovered only from the four- and five-foot intervals. This indicates the basal part of the section was probably the wettest. Pomatiopsis lapidaria, an amphibious species with a habitat pre- ference close to water, was found only in the nine-foot interval. LOGALITY 9 Triodopsis multilineata is present throughout this entire sec- tion. This is a species which lives today in humid forests or forest borders. In Hlinois, Baker (1939, p. 51) recorded it from a variety of hardwood forests — oak, hickory, box, elder, tamarack, maple, and cottonwood. The remainder of the fauna is, typically, one which inhabits woodland or marsh environments. Carychium exile canadense, Deroceras laeve, and Vertigo gouldi all require a damp habitat. The fact that all these species increase upward in the section suggests that the environment became, in- creasingly, more moist and wet. In the upper part of the section (intervals 25 to 30 feet), the presence of Fossaria obrussa decampi indicates the existence of a shallow-standing water. 2? BULLETIN 24] Sennen En | = F | enAT INTE m NO. |% OF | GRAPHIC | E 3 ie hacen oad anor TOTAL| OF | ay Sa 8 9 INDIV.| ' No — ees ————— — stenotrema barbatum R | ele, 5 |043 % of indiv Euconulus fulvus (Maller) : i : {"° | =~ 58 | 501 % of indiv. | 24| 10/10 | 12| 17/7} 9] 2] 9 ee —- + + J Morse — pa | | 42 | 363 Oo of indiv 2e4\ Els y c 36 | | L : E | Hawaiia minuscula | n nN Zonitoides arboreus (Say ++ i |-= = | 0 f indiv | } + | eroceras qeve Y 5 74 z = 2 4 | Moller 27 |233 © of indiv fi 19 | a 15 i Jelicod parallelus | 0 | over 0 |44/15 | 1 By t 61 527 % of indiv 2 72 Be t == + 4 + | Punctum minutissimum 2 69 | 3 5 50 8 16 5 (Lea) | 197 11703 | % of indiv SAS Sz LS S 2s z! E 2 i iia oe - + -. + puCCcInea gelidc H | PS 22 |20]/ 17 | 38| 52 | 34/11 | 60] 16 Boker | | | | | | | { 270 |233 | % of indiv 8 i 2 Ural al IS 4 23 e aaa | Strobilops labyrinthica 30 | ( fe \S9il, OB WB eG. NF. ] (Say) " ee + + 4 4 4 4 } : 15 48 = —— + ute 3astrocopta armifera = ] 6 O | 33 ] 1 144167 /| 18 (Say) " | it 4 { 4 | 4 | 171 1477 % of indiv 4 19 ] Te 25) | 394) 10 4 Ls + Vertigo gouldi Binney Oo; 5 ThA Was) |b Veet] Ware 3 (9) | | | | | | } { 1 42 363 | % ot indiv a eaten Pe rel fr : - - - t Pomatio lapidaria | | be [Oe OM OM On |FOM es 'On (BO) iO (Say) I { | | } | i } ies | 043 | % of indiv. | 100 | | ~ + + + + Fossaria obrussa decampi | ~ 667/20. |On| ee O Ono O Streng } 4 + } 4 } + + 67 | 579 | | = = of indiv | aS { | ae 4 Snail egg | | 1 fe) 0/10 ®) On/"0) |zO. O ‘ eee i | { | } } } 4 | 009 % of indiv 100 | - 2. eee + ————— TOTAL 11157 | — + ALITY 8 9 WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 21 s 27 \ \ 6 28 silt (loess) Silt (slumped and partially covered ——————Roadi:Leval > —— SE Locality 9 NW Columella alticola, a species which is intolerant of high tem- peratures, was recovered only from the upper part of the section (intervals 25 to 30 feet). Thus, the climate probably became cooler. ‘This seems to be borne out by the increase in numbers of Euconulus fulvus, another species which thrives in the cooler areas of the north. SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY GENERAL STATEMENT In the description of species which follows data records for both the ecology (habitat) and distribution of the individual species are a compilation of information assembled from articles by various authors. Data for distribution records were compiled from the follow- ing articles: Archer 1948, Baker 1928, Branson, Taylor, and Taylor 1962, Cheatum and Allen 1965, Conkin and Conkin 1962, Getz and Hibbard 1965, Hibbard and Taylor 1960, Hubricht 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, La Rocque 1963, Leonard 1950, 1952, Leonard and Frye 1960, 1962, Pilsbry 1940, 1946, 1948, Roscoe 1961, 1963, Roy 1962, 1963, 1964, Taylor 1960 and Tuthill, Laird, and Frye 1964. Pilsbry 1940, 1946, and 1948 was the principal source for recent distribution records on the terrestrial molluscs and Baker (1928) for recent distribution records on the aquatic molluscs. 214 BULLETIN 24] 7 NO. [% OF] GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION | | S’ ¢Pe-'‘E. Sc ES COLCECMING NTERVAL OF |TOTAL] OF PERCENTAGE OF | , 4 5 6 7 8 25 26 27 28 29 30 ]INDIV|INDIV| SPECIES IN FAUNA — ——$—$—$————— rn = a == a T —— | Stenotrema barbatum | | | 5 10 5 | in 2 5 1 Selle | ou LO: Se (Clapp) + ———: ee —+- + + t 23 % of indiv 9 22 | 4 | 13.) 4 | 13 13] 13] 9] + + Triodopsis multilineata | : HO) 0% [On| TIO |uOn! Talon On io. (Say) ee | + {—__}- + + 1 +———| 3 % of indiv. |) | 33 33 | 133i] 4 4 + + 4 Haplotrema concava fo) 1 (@) 1 fo) 1 i} ie) i} (0) (0) (Say) + + 4 4 + el 1 4 tS % of indiv 20 20 20 | 20 20 Euconulus fulvus 0} 0 0 2 1/2 Tag ALR | AS) 5 5 (Maller) I t 4 4 4 1 4 et 4 1 48 | 420 % of indiv | 4 2 4 IDE SEE 19. 10 10 inc Nesovitrea binneyana | 8 3 2 3 RONES: 1 5,9 3 4 (Morse) LL + + : + - + + + + j—$—|, 44 3.82 18 Tf 5 T0o' bTG A ire ie elds ke OF eats ©) os Retinella indentata 1 Oo | 0 O}0/0;0 OF! 08/50 1 T + + + 2 O17 % of indiv. | 50 50 | + + + Hawaiia minuscula ie) 1 | 1 2)0 0/0; 0 19) Oo | Binney I + 4 4 } 1 4 i 4 i i Si 5 044 | | % of indiv 20 | 20 | 20) 40 | t _ + Deroceras laeve n 10 ] 0 Oo; 1 62.20 |4a5 9 1 (Miller) hae ee a) as a | 39 | 3.40 % of indiv. |}26| 3 Sf NSIS | MOSS: e2eaed | Discus cronkhitei oO O ie) ) O 1 oO 16) (@) ie) (Newcomb) yal | | { g Nee: | | 2 O17 % of indiv 50 50 + Helicodiscus porallelus be 8 | 6 Z| FORO SOnle OF xO On iZ0 fo) | SAY: SSS SS + 16 | 140 | % of indiv | 50 |) 37, 13 | | Punctum minutissimum | Te 2Balh4y |SOulsale5)| 1960) Slanss Succinea grosvenori Lea fol Pe | . ba és 13 Ws PF GEAIndTs 8 15 77 + 74 | 647 Gastrocopta contr fe) re) Vertigo gouldi Binney ngersoll) foes SNE 2) Ree Ra | |r % of indiv 50 50 Carychium exile canadense SS ae) shea Re Ay - lire f of indiv 23 + o o nv (Lea) + 4 + + - - + - 185 | 16.19 % of indiv liz 4 2 et SO es aa) aly] 17 18 Fossaria obrussa decampi ° fo ° fo) o ° us nN Be oO a Streng } . + + + + + + t + ees teehee? % of indiv || IN ee) 8 | 63 13 ii — —_ - — ~ + L 9} ( 0} fe) Oo Oo 12 fe) 14 34 T 60 5.24 ee SS 2 Sa a TOTAL 1145 ho Xt WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER Data for the ecology came from the following sources: Archer, 1948, Baker, 1928, 1935, Call, 1900, Clark, 1961, Franzen and Leonard, 1947, Leonard, 1950, Oughton, 1948, and Pilsbry, 1940, 1946, 1948. The synonomy is selected. Original reference is given. Pilsbry’s (1940, 1946, 1948) citations are listed for the terrestrial forms and Baker (1928) is the source for the few aquatic forms. Those papers which record species’ change are also listed. Descriptions of species is based on ten or more specimens, ex- cept in the few instances noted where lesser numbers of specimens were available. Because all authors have not counted the number of whorls in a uniform manner, the illustration given below indicates the manner in which the authors counted the whorls. The type specimens are deposited in the Paleontological Re- search Institution at Ithaca, New York, Nos. 27576 - 27607. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA CLASS GASTROPODA SUBCLASS PULMONATA ORDER STYLOMMATOPHORA Family POLYGYRIDAE Genus STENOTREMA Rafinesque, 1819 Stenotrema barbatum Clapp Pl. 16, figs. 7-9 Stenotrema hirsutum (Say), Binney, 1878, Terr. Moll, 5, p. 296 (in part). 216 BULLETIN 241 Polygyra (Stenotrema) barbatum Clapp, 1904, Nautilus, vol. 18, p. 85. Stenotrema hirsutum barbatum Clapp, Pilsbry, 1940, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monoer:, No 3, vol. 15 pt. 2). p. 665s:ties 412 ib; cue; 413: Stenotrema barbatum Clapp, Archer, 1948, Geol. Sur. Alabama, Museum Pap. 28, p10, pl. 2; figs.-7, 8; plio; figs 6: Description. — Shell depressed, spire low; color light tan, oc- casionally white; whorls 4¥, - 5, increasing regularly in size, nuclear whorls smooth with radial striae; parietal tooth low, sinuous, directed slightly toward interdenticular sinus; tooth on peristome present but not prominent; basal peristome narrow and closely ap- pressed on outer margin, inner margin with submedian notch bordered with raised edge; upper half of outer lip concave, re- flected; interdenticular sinus shallow; buttress present. Geologic range.— Yarmouth (?) to Recent. Recent distribution. — Ranges from central Alabama north- ward through the Appalachian regions of ‘Tennessee and Kentucky and throughout the central United States and southern Ontario, and as far as Iowa and eastern Kansas. In the Blue Ridge Province and mountainous regions it is lacking as far up as West Virginia, but from there it occurs northeast to Massachusetts and again south- east to coastal North Carolina. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene Wisconsin faunas — Kentucky: Fulton, Critten- den, Henderson and Jefferson Cos.? Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: St. Charles, St. Louis, and Jefferson Cos. Illinois: Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, and Union Cos. Mississippi: Hinds, Warren, Jefferson, Adams, Wilkinson, De Soto, Tate, Tallahatchie, Grenada, Carroll, Yazoo, and Clai- borne Cos. Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. Indiana: Posey Co. Pilsbry (1940, p. 665) mentioned Clark Co., Illinois, and Posey Co., Indiana, as places where the form described by Baker as P. hirsuta yarmouthensis has been found. Because many forms identified as S. hirsutum (Say) are prob- ably this species the fossil distribution record for S. hirsutum is given as follows: Pleistocene — I]linoian faunas — Indiana: Monroe Co. Yar- mouth faunas — Illinois: Clark Co. Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: “Reported here by the authors. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 2] ~I Erie Co. Illinois: Fulton, Mason, Cass, Brown, Scott, Green, Jersey, Madison and Alexander Cos. Kentucky: Union Co. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: Boone, Callaway, and St. Louis Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Pilsbry (1940, p. 663) stated that S. hirsutum is found in the “loess of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and Mississippi.” Habitat. — Thrives in a variety of habitats from wet lowland woods to hills and bluffs bordering rivers and swampy areas. Lives in leaf debris under rocks and logs in hardwood cover. May also be found in open pastures under plant cover. Remarks. — This is the small Stenotrema, common in the loess, which Baker (1927, p. 115) considered a “loess form” and described as P. hirsuta yarmouthensis. Untortunately, this species was long considered either synonymous or, at least, a lowland form of Steno- trema hirsutum until Archer (1948, p. 30) pointed out the dif- ferences. Most probably, many forms recorded from the Pleistocene in Ohio, Indiana, and Iowa as Stenotrema hirsutum (Say) or Polygyra hirsutum yarmouthensis Baker are this species. Archer listed shell differences between S. barbatum and S. hirsutum as fol- lows: S. barbatum possesses a buttress which is missing in S. hirsu- tum. The edge of the parietal callus of S. barbatum is sinuous in- stead of oblique as is that of S. hirsutum. Vhe nuclear whorl of S. barbatum is smooth and striated, whereas it is granular in S. hirsutum. Differences in anatomy in Recent forms, as well as shell differences, separate the two species. Occurrence. — Localities 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Measurements of Stenotrema barbatum in m m. Locality Height | Width H/W | Whorls 2 B/S 6.70 . 56 Af 2: 2 4.10 6.70 Aol 5 2 3.80 6.20 61 4 3/4 4 4.50 8.10 555) 5 4 4.55 7228 .63 5 4 ihe) 6.55 63 4 7/8 8 4.36 6.92 63 4 3/4 9 4.40 7.40 59 eles 9 4.30 6.85 62 4 7/8 9 3.80 6.10 62 4-2/2 218 BULLETIN 241 Stenotrema leai (Binney) Pl. 16, figs. 1-3 Helix leaii “Ward, Ms.” A. Binney, 1840, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, No. 3, SEO Soule monodon Pilsbry, 1940, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 676, figs. 421. “a,b: Stenotrema leai (Binney), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No: 3, Vole 2; (pt2.ep~ 099: Description. — Shell subglobose with low spire; color light brown; whorls 5/, -6, closely coiled, increasing regularly in size, first 1% whorls smooth, remainder irregularly striate, final whorl with periphery above the middle, bluntly angular to rounded; sutures impressed; parietal tooth short, low, situated on a low callus, obliquely descending into aperture; inner part of outer peristome concave or dished; inner peristome reflected, partially covering a narrow deep umbilicus. Geologic range. — Yarmouth to Recent. Recent distribution. — Occurs mostly within the Central Low- land Province from southwestern Ontario and central Ohio, south- ward to the Arkansas and Cimarron Rivers, even as far as Colo- rado Springs, Colorado. The area where it intergrades with the subspecies S. aliciae extends from southern Illinois to Oklahoma. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Kansan faunas — Texas: Knox and _ Baylor Cos. Illinoian (?) faunas — Oklahoma: Canadian and Caddo Cos. Yarmouth faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Oklahoma: Beaver Co. Mlinoian faunas — Kansas: Philips Co. Indiana: Monroe and Wayne Cos. Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Texas: Foard Co. Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Erie, Butler and Warren (?), Madison and Cuyahoga Cos. Indiana: Johnson Co. Hlinois: Carroll, Mar- shall, Fulton, Tazewell, Mason, Schuyler, Cass, Menard, Brown, Pike, Scott, Greene, Jersey, and Madison Cos. Oklahoma (Wisconsin or Illinoian?) : Harper Co. Texas: Clay, Hardeman, and Delta Cos. Kentucky: Fulton, Henderson, Union, and Jefferson Cos. C-14 dated records — Texas: Motley Co. 31,400+ 5,600 years, Dallas County slightly more than 37,000 years B. P., Denton Co. 28,840 B. P. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: Boone, Callaway and St. Louis Cos. Illinois — Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, Bureau, Adams, and Clark Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. WiIscONSIN MOoLtusks: BROWNE AND BRUDER 219 Habitat. — Lives in marshes and wooded swamps, along the banks of streams, river flood plains and shores of lakes and in ra- vines adjacent to rivers. It is also present in tall grass prairies and open fields, all in lowland areas. S. leai is a gregarious species. Remarks. — Kentucky is located where the southern limits of S. leai and the northern limits of the subspecies S. leai aliciae over- lap. Both have been reported as fossils from the state by Browne and McDonald (1960, p. 175). Leonard (1950, p. 36) stated, “Stenotrema monodon has been replaced in the Midcontinent region by S$. monodon aliciae and S. fraternum, both of which live in a somewhat drier habitat. The former has been found in dense growths of grass in ravines in the High Plains region.” Archer (1948, p. 56) gave a range in elevation from 100 feet to 750 feet for the species S. leai aliciae, noting that “it is most abundant in calcareous uplands.” ‘This is in contrast to S. leat which is a lowland species. Occurrence. — Locality 8. Measurement of Stenotrema leai inm nm. Locality Height Width H/W Whorls 8 3.90 6.80 tay) 6 8 4.29 6.97, .62 5 5/8 Genus MESODON Raefinesque, 1821 Mesodon elevatus (Say) PIG; figs) 1012 Helix elevata Say, 1821, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour. 3, vol. 2, p. 154. Mesodon elevatus (Say), Pilsbry, 1940, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., INo-73, Vol: J; pt..2; p. 727, figs. 440a,, 441° Description. — Shell circular in outline, beehive-shaped with elevated spire; color yellowish white; whorls 6% (one specimen) , increasing uniformly in size; nuclear whorls smooth, becoming rib striate after 1% revolutions; spiral striae visible on final whorl which descends to aperture; sutures impressed; aperture lunate- ovate; peristome white, broadly reflected with small swelling on basal part; strong, short, obliquely entering tooth on parietal wall; umbilicus closed. Geologic range. — Wisconsin to Recent. 220 BULLETIN 24] Recent distribution. — Eastern United States from New York south to Mississippi and Alabama and west to Missouri and Arkansas. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Hamilton, Warren (?) , 3utler (?), and Defiance Cos. Kentucky: Henderson Co. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: Moniteau, Boone, Cal- laway, St. Louis, and St. Charles Cos. Mississippi: Claiborne, Hinds, Jefferson, Adams, and Wilkinson Cos. Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. Illinois: Madison and St. Clair Cos. Tennessee: Clay, Jack- son, and Smith Co. Michigan: Berrien and Kent Cos. Alabama: Clark Co. Habitat. — Forest snail. Found also in urban gardens and waste places. Remarks. — A single specimen of this forest snail was recovered from the fauna. ‘The shell conforms to living forms. ‘This is the first record for this species, as a fossil, in Kentucky. However, the reported fossil occurrences seem, in general, to cover the same area where the species lives today. It has not been reported west of Arkansas and Missouri. Occurrence. — Locality 4. Measurement of Mesodon elevatus in m m. 4 1:7, 20%- 9) ig 20), wet 7.20 Selle (arte 6 3/4 Subfamily TRIODOPSINAE Genus TRIODOPSIS Rafinesque, 1819 Subgenus NEOHELIX Von Ihering, 1892 Triodopsis multilineata (Say) Pl. 16, figs. 19-21 Helix multilineata Say, 1821, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. 2, p. 150. Polygyra multilineata algonquinensis Nason, 1906, Nautilus, vol. 19, p. 141. Polygyra multilineata wanlessi ¥. C. Baker, 1928, Nautilus, vol. 41, No. 4, p. 132. Triodopsis multilineata algonquinensis (Nason), Pilsbry, 1940, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 847, 849. Description. — Shell globose, moderately elevated, thin, shiny, fragile, imperforate; base flattened and indented about the um- WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 221 bilical region; color pale buff with encircling bands of cinnamon brown; whorls 5% (one specimen); nuclear whorls smooth, re- mainder obliquely rib striate; final whorl descends slightly to aperture; aperture ovate-lunate; peristome narrowly reflected. Geologic range. — Wisconsin (Tazewell) to Recent. Recent distribution. — Eastern North America from southern Ontario to Minnesota, south to Arkansas and Mississippi. Western limits are reached in eastern Nebraska and Kansas and eastern limit in Ohio. Shimek, 1904, reported living T. algonquinensis chiefly through the Prairie region. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Hamilton, Sandusky or Erie (?), and Defiance Cos. Illinois: Cass, Jersey, Monroe, Madi- son, and Dearborn Cos. Kentucky: Jefferson Co. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: Atchinson, Holt, Platte, Howard, St. Charles, and St. Louis Cos. Hlinois: Madison, St. Clair, and Monroe Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Pilsbry (1940, p. 848) stated concerning T. multilineata “in the loess, generally distributed from Indiana to Topeka, Kansas,” Because the authors consider T. multilineata and T. m. algon- quinensis to be the same species, the distribution record for the latter species is given as follows: Pleistocene — Wisconsin faunas — Illinois: Carroll, Henry, Bureau, Henderson, Fulton, Tazewell, Menard, Brown, Pike, Jersey, Madison, and Cass Cos. Kentucky: Henderson and Jefferson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — lowa: Johnson, Gordo, and Pottawattamie Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Habitat. — Characteristic habitat for T. multilineata is marshy woodland and meadows. Recorded in Ilinois (Baker, 1939, p. 51) from damp woods of oak, hickory, box elder, tamarack, maple, and cottonwood. Remarks. — The distinction between Triodopsis multilineata and Triodopsis multilineata algonquinensis has been made prin- cipally on the basis of size. Forms 20 mm and over have been desig- nated T. multilineata and the smaller forms, under 20 mm, 7. m. algonquinensis. T. m. algonquinensis is considered also to have a somewhat more depressed shell. Identification of the two species is contradictory in the litera- 999 BULLETIN 241 45 ture. Leonard (1952, p. 24) gave the diameter of T. multilineata as “about 22 mm. On plate 2 of the same publication, he figured a specimen as T. multilineata with a diameter of 12.5 mm. Leonard (1959, pp. 99, 100) stated, “7. multilineata is readily distinguished from T. m. algonquinensis by larger size (major diameter of shell 20 or more millimeters instead of less than 20) .” Leonard’s illustra- tions (1952) on plate 5 are in accord with the descriptions. Leonard and Frye (1960, pl. 1, figs. P. Q. R.) showed a form identified as T. algonquinensis with a diameter of 25 mm). Pilsbry (1940, p. 850), in describing T. multilineata form algonquinensis, stated, “IT am wholly disposed to believe this snail an ecologic form as Shimek held and not properly a subspecies.” He quoted Shimek on distribution of living algonquinensis “. 2... bordering the Mis- sissippi and Missouri Rivers; however, this form grades into the larger type.” Many fragments were recovered from this fauna, but the single complete specimen recovered has the dimensions of the larger form with the more depressed shell and somewhat flattened base sup- posedly characteristic of T. m. algonquinensis. The authors agree with Pilsbry that T. m. algonquinensis is not properly a subspecies. Burch (1962, p. 159) gave the range of LT. multilineata as 14.5 mm to 32 mm which encompasses the ex- tremes of both species. He, apparently, did not recognize T. m. algonquinensis as a subspecies. Occurrence. — Localities 4, 9. Measurement of Triodopsis multilineata in mm. : hole | : a Shell Aperture : if oe [Height Width H/W Height Width H/W __ Whorls 4 11.20 23.00 .49 7.60 9.10 84 5 5/8 Family HAPLOTREMATIDAE Genus HAPLOTREMA Ancey, 1881 Haplotrema concavum (Say) Pl. 15, figs, 24-26 Helix concava Say, 1821, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. 2, p. 159. Haplotrema concavum (Say) Pilsbry, 1946, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 208, fig. 100. Description. — Shell moderately thick and shiny; spire depressed WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 223 with coiling nearly in same plane; color white; whorls five, convex, increasing unevenly in size, irregularly rib striate with ribs be- coming more pronounced around the umbilicus; umbilicus open, showing all the whorls to the apex; aperture slightly ovate-lunate to roundly lunate; peristome thickened, reflected basally and over columellar margin; upper lip straightened or more typically with slight indentation. Geologic range. — Wisconsin (Tazewell) to Recent. Recent distribution. — Humid division of eastern North Amer- ica, north to shortly beyond the 45th parallel in Maine, Canada, and Michigan, west to Iowa, western Missouri, and Arkansas, south to nonpeninsular Florida, and Mobile Bay, Alabama. Its westward and southwestward limits are not known. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Defiance, Hamilton, and Butler (?), or Warren (?) Cos. Indiana: Dearborn (?) Co. Illinois: Fulton, Tazewell, Schuyler, Cass, Menard, Brown, Pike, Scott, Jersey, Madison, and Alexander Cos. Kentucky: Fulton, Henderson, Union, Crittenden, and Jefferson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: Moniteau, Boone, St. Louis, Calloway, St. Charles, Franklin, and Jefferson Cos. Missis- sippi: De Soto, Carroll, Tate, Hinds, Warren, Claiborne, Jefferson, Adams, and Wilkinson Cos. Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. Illinois: Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, and Union Cos. Kentucky: Franklin Co. Tennessee: Jackson and Smith Cos. Indiana: Posey Coz Habitat.— H. concavum is a forest species. Rarely occurs in large numbers in one locality. Prefers moist situations around marshes or on flood plains and in stream drifts. May also be found on loam deposits of forests, under logs, on stumps in marl beds and burrowing in clay. Sometimes feeds on other snails. Remarks. — Ancey (1882, p. 111) named forms of this species of 11 mm diameter var. minor and a form of 21 mm var. major. Pilsbry (1946, p. 210) found that size intergrades so completely that subspecies based on shell dimensions have no validity “but there is no objection to the use of the terms ‘form’ minor or major to express extremes of a continuous variation series or cline.” 224 BULLETIN 241 Forms of this fauna incline toward the “form” minor in dimensions. The largest individual recovered has a diameter of 13.50 mm. H. concavum is a snail known to be, at least partially, carni- vorous, and it is not colonial in habit. The specimens recovered all have the final whorl descending in front. This feature apparently varies because descriptions state the final whorl may or may not de- scend in front. Occurrence. — Localities 2, 4, 8, 9. Measurements of Haplotrema concava in mm. : Shell Aperture Pn Locality | weigne Width H/W | Height Width H/W |Umbilicus]| Whorls 4 4.70 10.25 46 3.90 3255; 1.08 23.90 Ae: 4 6.60 13.50 49 5233 De2om Ol 5.33 4 7/8 4 5.66 2360 45 390 4.00 .98 4.00 5 8 Siw fe) 13.06 44 4.60 4.70 .98 4.60 5 Family ZONITIDAE Subfamily EUCONULINAE Genus EUCONULUS Reinhardt, 1883 Euconulus fulvus (Miiller) Pl. 16, figs. 46 Helix fulva Muller, 1774, in part, Verm. terr. fluv... 2; p. 56. EFuconulus fulvus (Miller), Pilsbry, 1946, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., Nos3svolic2; ptal,-p. 235; tio il 7.: Description. — Shell thin and glossy, globular, obtusely conic with convex base, imperforate to slightly perforate; color may be white but normally is yellowish white with paler apex; whorls 5-5%, finely rib striate, average five in number and increase regu- larly in size; spiral striae faintly visible; final whorl normally slight- ly angulated with angulation disappearing towards the aperture; aperture broadly lunate; peristome thin and sharp. Geologic range. — Middle Pliocene to Recent. In North Amer- ica ranges from middle Pleistocene (Kansas) to Recent. Recent distribution. — “Almost throughout the Holarctic realm, but wanting in Gulf and South Atlantic States from Texas to North Carolina.” (Pilsbry, 1946, p. 236). Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Kansas faunas — Indiana: Putnam Co. Texas: Knox and Baylor Cos. Yarmouth faunas — North Dakota: Grant Co. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 225 Iowa: Harrison and Monona Cos. Kansas: Jewel, Gove, Russell, Lincoln, Dickinson, and Meade Cos. Oklahoma: Woodward and Beaver Cos. Illinoian faunas— Indiana: Monroe Co. Oklahoma: Caddo and Canadian Cos., (Illinoian?) . Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Ohio: Cuyahoga Co. Texas: Foard Co. Wisconsin faunas — Kansas: Doniphan, Republic, Jewel, Smith, Phillips, Nor- ton, Decatur, and Rawlins Cos. Ohio: Erie, Shelby, Cuyahoga, and Butler Cos. Indiana: Johnson, Hendricks, Shelby, and Morgan Cos. Illinois: Cass, Carroll, Rock Island, Henry, Peoria, Woodford, Ful- ton, Tazewell, Menard, Brown, Morgan, Pike, Scott, Green, Madi- son, Jackson, and Alexander Cos. Wisconsin: Oconto Co. ‘Texas: Delta, Clay, and Hardeman Cos. Oklahoma: Caddo and Harper Cos. (Wisconsin or Ilinoian?). Kentucky: Fulton, Union, Crittenden, Henderson, Daviess, and Jefferson Cos. C-14 dated records — Texas: Denton Co. 28,840 B. P., and Motley Co. 31,400 + 5,600 years B. P. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: St. Charles and_ St. Louis Cos. Mississippi: Warren and Adams Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Illinois: Madison, St. Clair, and Monroe Cos. Habitat. — Lives among damp leaves in well-shaded places and may usually be obtained by leat sifting. Common in the drift debris of creeks and rivers. Must have good cover of organic debris. Sometimes in open pastures — not generally in large numbers. Remarks. — Euconulus fulvus is one of the dominant species of this fauna, occurring at all but one of the study sites. Leonard (1950, p. 44) listed Euconulus as one of the seven genera which “are normally woodland animals but are known to thrive in narrow bands of timber along streams in terrain that is otherwise treeless.” This species has a long geologic range, but its distribution pattern apparently changed with time. Although it is not now known from the Gulf States and south Atlantic States, it has been recorded as a fossil from this area. Perhaps there was a more equit- able distribution of rainfall in the region or seasonal temperatures were less marked at the time E. fulvus lived. 9 Occurrence. — Localities 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. 226 BULLETIN 241 Measurements of Euconulus fulvus inm nm. Shell Aperture Locality Height Width H/W | Height Width H/W Pees 2 2.01 2.56 .79 1.00 1.24 .81 4 3/4 4 2.84 3.28 .87 1.08 EGR F720 5 3/4 4 2.45 2.84 .76 94 1.28 73 5 5 2.59 3.019 286 1.08 1.48 72 5 1/2 5 2.59 SEIS 8S 1.08 1.48 i 5 1/2+ 6 2.62 Sel2. se 1.00 1.48 68 Se 6 222 Deis ge 1.00 tle (Aa 71 5 6 2.28 2.91. 278 1.00 1.41 71 5 1/8 8 2.28 2:84 -~ 380 1.00 1734 75 5 5/8 9 Des 2 1.24 76 5 .62 82 -94 | | | | | | Subfamily ZONITINAE Genus NESOVITREA Cooke, 1921 Nesovitrea (Perpolita) binneyana (Morse) Pl. 16, figs. 25-27 Hyalina binneyana Morse, 1864, Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour., vol. 1, pp. 13, 61, figs. 25, 26. Retinella binneyana (Morse), Pilsbry, 1946, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 259. Nesovitrea binneyana (Morse), Foreart, 1957, Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, vol. 86, p. 110. Description. — Shell thin, shiny, depressed with comparatively low spire; umbilicus deep, showing all the whorls to the spire, measures approximately one-sixth the diameter of shell; radial erooves, wanting on the embryonic whorl and the base of shell, im- press the remaining surface; whorls 3-34, slowly increasing in size; peristome thin, sharp; aperture ovate-lunate. Geologic range. — Yarmouth (?) to Recent. Recent distribution. — Quebec west to western Ontario, south to Wisconsin, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Maine. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Yarmouth faunas— North Dakota: Grant Co. Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Erie and in Hamilton Co. N. cf. binney- ana, Wisconsin: Marinette Co. Utah: San Pete Co. Kentucky: Ful- ton, Henderson, and Daviess Cos. PostHypsithermal faunas — North Dakota; Richland Co. C-14 dated records. North Dakota: Richland Co. 2,540 + 300 years B. P. Pleistocene — age unknown — Indiana: Posey Co. Habitat. — Inhabits damp woodlands, especially those of decidu- ous trees; occasionally found in sphagnum. bogs. Remarks. — Reported fossil occurrences for this species are he) no ~I WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER Wisconsin or younger in age. ‘The species to which it is most allied, N. electrina (Gould) , is recorded from the late Pliocene, Rexroad local fauna, Meade Co., Kansas (Leonard and Frye, 1952, p. 151). These two species, in their fossil form, are differentiated solely by size — N. binneyana being nearly one-third smaller than N. electrina. Because this is so, the possibility arises that misidentification has been made where the number of specimens is limited. This report is the most southerly given for the species, whereas N. electrina is recorded as far south as Texas (Cheatum and Allen, 1965) pps 8; 10). N. binneyana was recovered from all sites but one in the study alea. Occurrence. — Localities 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9. Measurements of Nesovitrea binneyana in m m. ‘ Shell Aperture me Locality | Height Width H/W | Height Width H/w |Umbilicus] Whorls 3 2.01 4.00 .50 1.54 1.68 .92 .87 3.1/2 3 1.61 3227-349 1.41 158° 389 54 3 1/4 4 1.61 3.55 .46 1.28 Tye Oi 67 3 1/4 4 1.68 35223 252 1.28 Al Chl . 60 3 1/2 8 1.54 Spyla S ae) 1.14 ise 85 47 3 9 1.34 2.98 .45 1.28 1.349% — 196 . 60 2 4/5 9 154 3-401) 545 1.28 141) oi 47 2 3/4 9 154 Be anal iL Sul aie egy .70 3 1/8 9 1.68 Snes on OO) iL 154 492 a) 2 4/5 9 ie wa PEGS 2050 1.00 Ln2ille ee 683 47 2 4/5 Genus RETINELLA Fischer, 1877 Subgenus GLYPHYALINA Von Martens, 1892 Retinella indentata (Say) PIS 5s. fics! iets Helix indentata Say, 1823, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Jour., vol. 2, p. 372 (Harrigate and New Jersey). Retinella (Glyphyalina) indentata (Say), Baker, 1930, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, Proc., vol. 82, p. 209. Retinella indentata (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 288, fig. 146a. Description. — Shell thin, depressed, heliciform, highly polished, and somewhat translucent; color pale yellow to white; whorls 31% - 4, convex, increasing rapidly in size, marked by nearly equidistant, widely spaced impressed radial grooves which extend to center of umbilicus; aperture lunate; peristome sharp and thin, inner margin reflected over umbilicus; umbilical region indented, minutely per- forate. 228 BULLETIN 241 Geologic range. — Wisconsin (7) to Recent. Branson, Taylor, and Taylor (1962) recorded R. indentata from Oklahoma in deposits considered of probable Illinoian age. They ruled out Wisconsin age because of the occurrence of several specimens of Physa skinnert. Recent distribution. — Canada from southern Ontario north to Ottawa. United States from Maine to Alabama and west to Utah and Arizona. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Illinoian (?) faunas — Oklahoma: Canadian and Caddo Cos. Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Erie, Defiance, Butler, Sum- mit, and Portage Cos. ‘Texas: Bee Co. (Wisconsin?) and Delta Cos. Kentucky: Fulton and Henderson Cos. C-14 dated records — Texas: Denton Co, 28,840 years B. P. and Dallas Co. 37,000 years B.P. Pleistocene — age unkown — Illinois: Madison and St. Clair Cos. Mississippi: Tate, Tallahatchie, Hinds, Warren, Carroll, Adams, and Wilkinson Cos. Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. Missouri: Boone, Callaway, St. Charles, Franklin, St. Louis, Platte, and Jefferson Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Remarks. — The minute umbilicus distinguishes R. indentata. This feature and the smaller size separate it from R. paucilirata, a more southerly ranging form. Zonitoides arboreus and Nesovitrea binneyana, both woodland species also, are associated with R. indentata in the fauna. N. binneyana was found in greater numbers and over a wider area. While N. binneyana was recovered from seven sites in the study area, R. indentata was found at only two sites. Occurrence. — Localities 7, 9. Measurements of Retinella indentata in mm. aha Shell Aperture Locality Height Width H/W Height Width 4H/W Wnorls 7 1.48 2.70 55 13 pac 93 3 if 2.01 3.82 53 328 1.84 .69 3 1/2 9 2.01 4.36 46 1.68 1.95 .86 4 1/8 Genus HAWAIIA Gude, 1911 Hawaiia minuscula (Binney) Pi. 16, figs. 16-18 Helix minuscula Binney, 1840, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, No. 3, p. 435. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 229 Hawatia minuscula (Binney) Pilsbry, 1946, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No: 3;,vol=25 pt. 1, p. 420) figs. 228a; bi: 229) Nos. 1-3. Description. — Shell thin and silky; spire depressed and base flattened; color white; whorls average 5, -4 in number, gradually increasing in size; umbilicus broad and open showing all the whorls to apex, measures about 14 the diameter of the shell; sutures im- pressed; aperture round; peristome thin and sharp. Geologic range. — Late Miocene to Recent. Recent distribution. — North America from Alaska and Maine to Costa Rica. Fossil distribution. — Miocene — California: San Bernardino Co. Pliocene — Wyoming: ‘Teton Co. ‘Texas: Oldham Co. Kansas: Meade and Seward Cos. Idaho: Owyhee Co. Pleistocene — Nebraskan or Aftonian faunas — Nebraska: Brown Co. Kansas: Kingman Co. Texas: Crane Co. (Kansan?) . Af tonian faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Kansan faunas — Kansas: Nor- ton and Phillips Co. ‘Texas: Knox and Baylor Cos. Indiana: Put- nam Co. Yarmouth faunas— Iowa: Harrison and Monona Cos. Nebraska: Knox and Harlan Cos. Kansas: Gove, Russell, Lincoln, Dickinson, Clark, Meade, and Seward Cos. Oklahoma: Beaver, Woodward, and Washita Cos. Texas: Roberts and Hartley Cos. Illinoian faunas — ‘Texas: Brisco Co. Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Texas: Foard Co. Wisconsin faunas — Kansas: Doniphan, Republic, Phillips, Decatur, and Rawlins Cos. Ohio: Erie, Madison, Shelby, and Cuyahoga Cos. Indiana: Vigo Co, Illinois: Cass, Menard, Brown, Pike, Jersey, Madison, and Alexander Cos. Kentucky: Ful- ton, Henderson, and Union Cos. Texas: Reeves, Delta, Hardeman, and Clay Cos. Oklahoma: Harper Co. (Wisconsin or Ilinoian?) C-14 dated records — Texas: Denton Co. 31,400 + 5,600 years B. P. and Dallas Co. slightly more than 37,000 years B. P. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: St. Charles and Calla- way Cos. Mississippi: ‘Tate, Tallahatchie, De Soto, and Warren Cos. Texas: Ward, Crockett, Pecos, Terrell, Comal, Kendall, Kerr, and Brooks Cos. Illinois: Madison Co. Habitat. — This species has a wide distribution because of its adaptability to various habitats. Found on rocky ledges or among dead leaves and under fallen logs. Thrives in piles of moist drift 230 BULLETIN 241 where it has been cast by flood waters. It withstands arid conditions but is most numerous in wooded and moist places. Remarks. — This tiny, common, and ecologically adaptable form was recovered from an apparent woodland habitat, judging by the associated species at the four sites. The specimens are close to Binney’s type, being intermediate in size and with somewhat larger umbilicus than Canadian zone and some Carolinian forms described by Pilsbry (1946, p. 423). Occurrence. — Localities 3, 7, 8, 9. Measurements of Hawaiia minuscula in m m. Shell ] Aperture Height Width H/W Locality 3 Max. Height Width H/W |Umbilicus} Whorls Min. ae 98 a Vey haa 67 3 3/8 2.01 .49 3 .80 1.88 .42 67 .74 .90 67 3/2 1.74 .46 3 .80 eis a) BVA .60 64 .94 67 3 5/8 Glee 4.50 7 1.00 2.48 .40 67 ODI ROB 87 4 3/8 2.28 .44 Ji 87 1.95 .44 .60 64 94 60 3612 1.88 .46 9 54 oie 44 40 44 92 40 3 1.08 .50 9 .80 1.68 .47 54 .54 1.00 54 31/2 1.48)" 254 9 70 TGS SEL 47 .50 93 34 3.1/8 1.38 51 9 94 1.48 63 50 S50 petsO0 50 Bits /2 1.34 70 Subfamily GASTRODONTINAE Genus ZONITOIDES Lehmann, 1862 Subgenus ZONITOIDES s. s. Zonitoides arboreus (Say) PIP 15) shiss e223 Helix arboreus Say, 1816, (Nicholson’s) Amer. Edit. British Encycl., vol. 2, art. Conchology, species No. 2. pl. 4, fig. 4. Zonitoides arboreus (Say), Pilsbry, 1946, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No..3;/vol, 2;-pty ljip: 480; fies. 2015) 262: Description. — Shell depressed, shiny, porcellaneous; — spire slightly elevated; base not prominently convex; color white; whorls 4-4, convex, regularly increasing in size, first 14% whorls smooth, remainder marked by weak irregular growth lines, barely percep- tible on base; sutures impressed; umbilicus broad, deep, contained SX) —_ WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER D. about four-five times in the diameter; aperture broadly lunate; peristome thin, sharp, not reflected. Geologic range. — Early Pliocene to Recent. Recent distribution. — North America from northern Canada to Costa Rica. Fossil distribution. — Pliocene — Oklahoma: Beaver Co. Kansas: Meade Co. Pleistocene — Nebraskan or Aftonian faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Kansan faunas — Kansas: Osborne Co. Texas: Knox Co. Yar- mouth faunas — North Dakota: Grant Co. Kansas: Meade Co. Okla- homa: Beaver Co. Illinoian (?) faunas — Oklahoma: Canadian and Caddo Cos. Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Wisconsin faunas — Kansas; Smith, Phillips, and Decatur Cos. Ohio: Defiance, Erie, Butler, and Summit (?) , or Portage (?) Cos. Oklahoma: Harper Co. (Wisconsin or Hlinoian?) . Illinois: Madison and Alexander Cos. Texas: Delta and Hardeman Cos. Kentucky: Fulton, Henderson, Union, and Jefferson Cos. PostHypsithermal faunas — North Da- kota: Richland Co. C-14 dated records— ‘Texas: Dallas Co. slightly more than 37,000 years B. P., Denton Co. 28,840 years B. P., Motley Co. 31,400 + 5,600 years B. P. North Dakota: Richland Co. 2,540 + 300 years Beek: Pleistocene — age unknown — Mississippi: Hinds, Warren, Jef- ferson, Adams, Wilkinson, De Soto, Tate, Carroll, and Yazoo Cos. Missouri: Callaway, St. Louis, Boone, and St. Charles Cos. Illinois: Madison, St. Clair, and Monroe Cos. Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. Indiana: Posey Co. Texas: Kerr and Bandera Cos. Utah: Lake Bonneville basin. Habitat. — Requires reasonable degree of moisture and wood- land situation, if only patches of timber. Lives under sticks, leaves, stones, and in decaying logs or vegetation. Z. arboreus is a gregarious species. Remarks. — Zonitoides arboreus is one of the long ranging (early Pliocene to Recent) species covered in this study. The early Tertiary record is from the Laverne Formation of Beaver Co., Okla- homa (Leonard, and Franzen, 1944) . This form is widespread geographically and normally abundant. 232 BULLETIN 241 Specimens, however, are not numerous in this fauna and tend to be somewhat smaller than the normal maximum size. Occurrence. — Localities 3, 4, 8. . | Shell Aperture we Locality | weight Width H/W Height Width H/W ftsviricus| AUS) 4 1.68 aay ara T2Sie ibgois 9F 79 1.14 4 4 2.01 4.56 .44 Toy bo Cyl eaten 1.14 4 1/4 4 1.88 Haig mWea5 2s le OSU ee 94 4 3/8 4 1.54 Gal pe 239 1 2S= Silt Saee OZ 94 4 4 1.74 4.36 .40 TAT eG Sime 87 4 4 1.61 4.02 .40 198). hole e7 9 .80 4 4 1.34 Brie? -4l 108°> 1.34 .81 .67 3/2 4 1.47 3.49 42 Wala ees Ou 67 4 3 1.88 5405 . 38 ies SLUSH! .78 S21 Lyne 2. 3 1.61 AEB 38 1228. 168° 76 87 4 Family LIMACIDAE Genus DEROCERAS Rafinesque, 1820 Subgenus DEROCERAS ss. s. Deroceras laeve (Miiller) Pl..17, figs i103 Limax. ‘laevissMuller, 1774; Verm. terr. fluv. ...).; Hlists:2,p; 2: Deroceras laeve Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol.2, pt!2; pi.039) figs: 289) 291). Description. — Shell flat ovoid, elongate plate with concentric growth lines; left margin slightly more convex than the right; nucleus located off center on left side at posterior end of shell. Geologic range. — Illinoian to Recent. Recent distribution. — North America generally, from the Arctic to middle Florida and Central America, the southern limit not determined. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Yarmouth faunas— North Dakota: Grant Co. Ulinoian faunas — Indiana: Monroe Co. Oklahoma: Beaver Co. Ilinoian (?) faunas — Oklahoma: Canadian and Caddo Cos. Sanga- mon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Wisconsin faunas — Kansas: Doni- phan, Republic, and Norton Cos. Ohio: Erie Co. (Deroceras cf. D. laeve), Indiana: Morgan, Johnson, Shelby, and Noble Cos. Ken- tucky: Fulton and Henderson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. Missourt: St. “ouis ‘Co: Tlhnois: St-Clair: Co: Mississippi: Warren Co. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 233 II Habitat. —Inhabits moist to fairly wet places, often beside streams, ponds, springs, and marshes. Also in protected spots under leaves, stones, and logs. Not seen unless humidity is high. In dry times hides under logs and stones. Remarks. — Recent distribution of Deroceras laeve covers much of the United States. Pleistocene studies record it from the central area of the country — west to Oklahoma and Kansas and east to Kentucky and Ohio. Leonard (1950, p. 19), in describing forms from the Pleistocene of Kansas, gave the length of the shell as 4 mm. Specimens of this fauna are about half that size, ranging from 1.3 mm to 2.6 mm. The only other known fossil Deroceras, Deroceras cl. aenigma, has a larger, thicker shell with a different stratigraphic and geo- graphic distribution. It ranges from the Pliocene to the late Pleisto- cene. With the exception of two Ohio records (Sterki, 1920, p. 177 and La Rocque and Conley (1956, pp. 335, 326) it has been re- corded only from the Plains States south to Texas and north to Nebraska and Iowa. Since both Ohio records for D. cf. aenigma in- clude this species from stratigraphically younger sediments for D. cf. aenigma from the Mid-Continental region the Ohio occurrences, may, as La Rocque and Conley suggested “throw some light on the Pleistocene migration route of the species. La Rocque and Conley’s specimens are thicker than shells of living Deroceras but not so large as those from the Mid-Continental area. Occurrence. — Localities 2, 4, 8, 9. Measurements of Deroceras laeve inm m. Locality Length | Width Height 9 1.34 £00 . 20 8 1.48 OW . 30 8 Ou 94 .40 9 UF cont 121 5510) 9 Pa95 Lea2 50) 9 Zaks 1.48 . 60 ) Z2o 1.34 a70 g 2.45 1.54 0 8 2.48 1.44 . 30 3) 262 1.48 . 70 234 BULLETIN 24] Family ENDODONTIDAE Subfamily ENDODONTINAE Genus ANGU!SPIRA Morse, 1864 Anguispira alternata (Say) Pl. 15, figs. 18-20 Helix radiata Miiller, 1774, in part, Verm. terr. fluv. . . ., PE) Oe 8) Helix alternata Say, 1816, [Nicholson’s] British Encylco., Sp. No. 4 ipl. leetiess2: Anguispira alternata (Say), Jones, 1935, Jour. Morpb., vol. 57, p. 547. Anguispira alternata (Say). Pilsbry, 1948, \cad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 568, fig. 505. Description. — Shell thin, globose to moderately depressed; um- bilicus deep and widely open, measures 4 the diameter of shell; color ivory white to tan with upper surface marked by rufous spots arranged almost vertically, base of shell marked by similar spots be- low the periphery and occasional rufous streaks directed toward the umbilicus; embryonic whorl smooth, white and often glossy, re- maining whorls marked by distinct rib striae which become less pronounced basally; fine spiral striae detectable on some specimens; peristome thin and sharp; aperture rotund-lunate. Geologic range. — Wisconsin (Tazewell) to Recent. Recent distribution. — Nova Scotia to Lake of the Woods; South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas west to about the 97th meridian; south to middle Louisiana and Mississippi, and in the east at least to Tennessee, northern Alabama, and North Carolina. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Hlinoian (?) faunas — Oklahoma: Caddo Co. Wis- consin faunas — Ohio: Erie, Defiance, Warren (?), and Butler Cos. Indiana: Morgan Co. Illinois: Fulton, Mason, Schuyler, Menard, Morgan, Scott, Greens, Jersey, Madison, Jackson, Randolph, and Alexander Cos. Kentucky: Union and Jefferson Cos. C-14 dated records — Texas: Denton Co. 28,840 years B. P. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: La Fayette, Howard, Boone, Callaway, St. Louis, St. Charles, and Franklin Cos. Missis- sippi: De Soto, Tate, Panola, Grenada, Carroll, Yazoo, Hinds, War- ren, Claiborne, Jefferson, Adams, and Wilkinson Cos. Illinois: Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, and Union Cos. Kentucky: Franklin Co. Tennessee: Jackson and Smith Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Habitat.— A. alternata is a widely distributed and common species. Habitat varies from wooded flood plains to upland situ- ho ©9 Xt WISCONSIN MOLLusks: BROWNE AND BRUDER ations. Lives under dead wood, loose bark, and on limestone ledges. The species has been found on trees at a distance as much as 15 feet above ground. Remarks. — Leonard and Frye (1960, p. 11) made a study of Wisconsin molluscan faunas in Illinois. They observed, “It would appear that the heavy forests of Altonian time persisted through the Farmdalian Substage until the beginning of, or perhaps slightly into earliest Woodfordian time, at least in southern Illinois.” It appears from this study that the beginning of Tazewell time was marked in Kentucky by a woodland fauna. Anguispira alternata, the most widespread of the larger species, is found at this horizon. Associated with it in the fauna are the other large woodland species, Triodopsis multilineata, Haplotrema concavum, and Mesodon ele- vatus. Each of these species, so far as is known, ranges from begin- ning ‘Tazewell to the Recent. Occurrence. — Localities 3, 4, 5, 6. 7. Measurements of Anguispira alternata in mm. —— — = 5 Shell | Aperture . Locality Height Width H/W [ Height Width i/w || Whorls 3 17.60 9.15 1.92 6.75 6.20 1.09 Say 3 17.05 8.40 2.04 5e35 6.00 97 5 5/8 4 19.00 10.50 TAB PSs Te25 1.08 6 4 18.50 9.75 1.90 6.92 5.95 .16 6 4 17635 9.55 1.82 6.90 6.15 S12 5 7/8 4 16.60 9.25 1.80 6.25 6.10 02 5 5/8 4 16.10 ons 2.08 6.00 5.70 1.05 51/2 4 14.65 7.95 1.85 5.90 5.45 08 5/2 4 TEES 9.30 1.88 6.30 6.65 95 5 5/8 4 18.05 8.00 2.26 Bers 5.90 97 5 5/8 Genus DISCUS Fitzinger, 1833 Subgenus DISCUS s. s. Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb) Bie Vos figsi2 3-4 Helix cronkhitei Newcomb, 1865, California Acad. Sci., Proc., 3, p. 180 (Klamath) Valley, Ore.). ; Discus cronkhitet (Newcomb), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 9 Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 600, fig. 328 a-d. Description. — Shell thin, depressed, with low spire; color white to buff; whorls 3% -4%, convex, increasing regularly in size; first 1% whorls smooth, remainder obliquely rib striate on both sur- faces; ribs narrower than intervals; umbilicus broad, deep, contained about three times in diameter of shell, showing coils to apex; sutures impressed; aperture round; peristome thin and sharp. 236 BULLETIN 241 Geologic range. — Middle Pliocene to Recent. Recent distribution. — Alaska to the mountains of southern California, Rocky Mountains south into Arizona and New Mexico, Colorado, and northern Canada east to northern Illinois, Maryland, Missouri, Newfoundland, and Labrador. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Kansan faunas — Kansas: Norton and Osborne Cos. Texas: Baylor, Knox, and Briscoe Cos. Indiana; Putnam Co. Yarmouth faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. North Dakota: Grant Co. Oklahoma: Beaver and Woodward Cos. Illinoian faunas — Texas: Brisco Co. Indiana: Monroe Co. Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co, Texas: Foard Co. Wisconsin faunas — Kansas: Doniphan, Re- public, Jewel, Smith, Phillips, Norton, Decatur, and Rawlins Cos. Ohio: Defiance, Erie, Butler, Summit, and Portage Cos. Indiana: Johnson, Hendricks and Shelby Cos. Illinois: Carroll, Rock Island, Henry, Bureau, Marshall, Henderson, Woodford, Fulton, Tazewell, Mason, Cass, Menard, Morgan, Pike, Madison, Jackson, and Alex- ander Cos. Oklahoma (Wisconsin or Hlinoian?) : Harper Co. Utah: San Pete Co. Texas: Hardeman and Delta Cos. Kentucky: Fulton, Henderson, Crittenden, Union Cos. PostHypsithermal faunas — North Dakota: Richland Co. C-14 dated records — Texas: Motley Co. 31,400 + 5,600 years B. P., North Dakota: Richland Co. 2,540 + 300 years B. P. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: Holt, Platte, Cooper, St. Louis, St. Charles, and Franklin Cos. Texas: Comal, Swisher, Bexar, Kerr, and Bandera Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Hlinois: Madison, St. Clair, and Monroe Cos. Habitat. — Lives in humid forest, under dead wood, and among rotting leaves or grass in rather wet situations. Remarks. — Pilsbry (1948, p. 604) stated concerning D. cronk- hitei, “It is a common snail in the Canadian and Transition faunas, and occurs sporadically in the Carolinian.” Its range, like the sub- species (?) D. catskillensis, extended farther south in Pleistocene times. The occurrence in this fauna is the southernmost record for the species in the Pleistocene east of the Mississippi. West of the Mississippi it has been reported from the Pleistocene as far south as Texas by Pilsbry (1948, p. 603), Hubricht (1962a, pp. 1, 2), and Cheatum and Allen (1965, pp. 4, 7, 9, 10). The geologic range is ~I WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 23 one of the longest for the species of this fauna with a Tertiary record from Wyoming (U.S.G.S. locality 19105) . Occurrence. — Localities 1, 3, 4, 9. Measurements of Discus cronkhitei in mm. =a a ete = = —_ z F Shell Aperture ape | STE ES | Height Width H/W eee Pilidth ates je nore 9 2.62 eC” Fe XS 1.68 1254 1.09 1.54 3 7/8 3 3.05 5.68 .54 1.74 1.68 1.03 D2. 41/8 3 2.68 bel Oe ee52 1.68 IGS 100 1.81 3 7/8 3 LAG5 ES GC a5 1.48 L248 “1200 1.34 3.1/2 4 2.86 5920) 5 1.68 TAA kay) Lest 4 4 3.34 5.46 .61 1.61 1.68 96 1.68 41/4 4 2.93 Fay 556 1.68 1.68 1.00 1.61 4 4 2.66 4.94 .54 1.74 gy ala 1.61 3 3/4 4 2.40 5.46 .44 128 128) 21h 400 1.54 3 2/3 4 2.80 Sr20) 854 1.68 Tora Gh We clk 1.61 4 Discus cronkhitei catskillensis (Pilsbry) ebay sais (op, 7 Pyramidula striatella catskillensis Pilsbry, 1898, Nautilus vol. 12, p. 86. Discus cronkhitei catskwilensis (Pilsbry), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 605, fig. 382, e, f. Description. — This species differs from D. cronkhitei by being distinctly angular at the periphery and flattened below the angle. In this fauna, specimens of this species show (for ten specimens) somewhat smaller diameter than those of D. cronkhitei, averaging 4.678 mm to 5.145 mm for that species. The umbilicus is wider, being contained (for ten specimens) 2.71 times in the diameter to 3 times for D. cronkhitei. Geologic range. — Wisconsin (?) to Recent. Recent distribution. — Maine and the Adirondacks to Pennsyl- vania, especially on or near the mountainous districts; westward in the upper peninsula of Michigan, Minnesota, and South Dakota. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Wisconsin faunas — Kentucky: Fulton, Hender- son, and Daviess Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Mississippi: De Soto and Carroll Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Habitat. — Lives on rotten logs and among dead leaves. Remarks. — Few Pleistocene records are available for D. cats- killensis. The an ee limit is a record from Mississippi by Hubricht (1961, pp. 11, 12). Hubricht’s report and the record in this fauna extend the range for the species in the Pleistocene farther 238 BULLETIN 241 south than the range given for the living forms in eastern North America. Pilsbry (1948, p. 606) stated that D. catskillensis is “found on rotten logs and among dead leaves in dryer situations than eastern D. cronkhitei generally, often at higher elevations and in hilly or mountainous country.” Like the locality given by Hubricht for D. catskillensis, the localities given here are in low-lying country with slight elevation. Moreover, the associated fauna indicates a damp environment. Occurrence. — Localities 2, 5, 6, = / Measurements of Discus cronkhitei catskillensis inm nm. — y : = = = a 5 T ; | Shell Aperture oe Locality | Height Width H/W Height Width H/w |Umbilicus}| Whorls 5 2.01 4.62 .43 540 2h OO 1.68 3) 2/8 5 ey) 450) .A7 1.34 1248. 290 1.48 35/8 5 1.95 4.98 .39 1.28 1 3e 295 1.68 3-5/8 5 D5 4.50 .48 1.34 1534.71 00 1.54 3 5/8 6 228 SROSi ees 1.34 say Mts) OS 4 6 215 4.90 .44 1.41 Leds. 395 74 3 3/4 6 PbS) 4.82 .45 1.41 T4894 3295 1.88 3 7/8 2 1.95 LO IC ea eT; 1228 12371901 OS 1.61 37 1/2 2 2.08 nals, ae Ag) 1.28 1 3eey 1915 1.68 3 5/8 4 1.84 4.82 .38 1.41 1.48 °.95 1.81 3 3/4 Subfamily HELICODISCINAE Genus HELICODISCUS Morse, 1864 Subgenus HELICODISCUS s. s. Helicodiscus parallelus (Say) Pl bs tigsel5-17, Helix lineata Say, 1817, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. 1, p. 18; vol. 9 Q4¢ 23 -ps 343; Helicodiscus parallelus (Say), Pilsbry, 1806, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Proc., p: 156. Helicodiscus parallelus (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3;, vols 2)spt> 2; p:, 625, fie. 1339. Description. — Shell depressed, upper surface nearly flat; color white to light brown; whorls 4-4%, convex, tightly coiled, slowly increasing in size; surface sculptured by thin threadlike spiral striae, faint on initial whorls; sutures impressed; umbilicus broad, shallow, showing coils to apex, contained slightly over two times in diameter; aperture lunate; final whorl occasionally edentulous, normally show- ing two nodose white denticles — one placed midway within outer wall, the other aligned and placed midway within basal wall; an- WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 239 other like pair of denticles may be present situated further back in whorl beyond view from aperture; lip sharp, thin, not reflected. Geologic range. — Nebraskan or Aftonian to Recent. Recent distribution. —Eastern North America, from Newfound- land south to Georgia and Alabama; westward to South Dakota and Oklahoma. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Nebraskan or Aftonian faunas — Kansas: King- man Co, Kansan faunas — Kansas: Osborne and Phillips Cos. ‘Texas: Baylor Co. Yarmouth faunas — Kansas: Russell, Lincoln, Dickinson, and Clark Cos. Oklahoma: Beaver, Woodward, and Washita Cos. Illionian faunas— Texas: Brisco Co. Oklahoma: Canadian and Caddo Cos. (Illinoian?). Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Wisconsin faunas — Kansas: Phillips, Decatur, and Rawlins Cos. Ohio: Erie and Hamilton (?) Cos. Hlinois: Marshall, Cass, Menard, Greene, Jersey, Madison, and Alexander Cos. Wisconsin: Marinette Co. Texas: Delta, Clay, and Hardeman Cos. Oklahoma: Caddo and Harper Cos. (Wisconsin or Ilinoian?). Kentucky: Fulton, Critten- den,* Union, Henderson, and Jefferson Cos. PostHypsithermal faunas — North Dakota: Richland Co. C-14 dated records — Texas: Motley Co. 31,400 + 5,600 years B. P., Denton Co. 28, 840 years B. P. and Dallas Co. slightly more than 37,000 years B. P. North Dakota: Richland Co. 2,540 + 300 years B. P. Pleistocene — age unknown — Mississippi: De Soto, Panola, Tate, Warren, Hinds, and Adams Cos. Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. Missouri: St. Louis, Holt, Platte, and Callaway Cos. Illinois: Madison, St. Clair, and Union Cos. ‘Tennessee: Jackson Co. Indiana: Posey Co. Texas: Ward, Terrell, and Brooks Cos. Habitat. — H. parallelus is primarily a woodland species, living under bark, decaying wood or in damp leaves. ‘Tolerates dry condi- tions, living in grassy fields, on rocky ledges or on sparsely timbered slopes. Favorite habitat is on limestone ledges in forest debris among stands of oak and hickory. Remarks. — Helicodiscus parallelus is easily recognized and dis- tinctive with its flat shape and spirally striated surface. It is a wood- *Reported here by the authors. 240 BULLETIN 241 land snail, living only rarely in exposed places. Specimens found in association, from both sites where it was recovered, are woodland species viz., Haplotrema concavum, Strobilops labyrinthica, Punc- tum minutissimum, Occurrence. — Localities 8, 9. Measurements of Helicodiscus parallelus in mm. Shell Aperture rae Locality Height Width H/W Height Width H/w [Umbilicus| Whorls 8 1.41 B20" WA 4G 1.00 mete gales 1.41 4 1/4 8 ik See. aS) 1.08 .80 1.34 1.54 4 1/4 8 1,34 3.36 240 94 .87 1.08 151 4 1/2 8 1.34 Se LOma a2 94 GO V1ei56 140 4 1/8 8 34 312 7 £43 1.00 0/5 ee: 1.48 4 1/8 8 1.28 Bl) S40 1.00 .80 1.24 1.34 4 9 . 38 SN6l ess 1.00 Siem 1.74 41/2 9 1.28 3539 38 1.00 .80 1.24 1.68 4 1/2 9 Tse 3.36 .40 94 wy ae By 1.74 41/8 9 329 seees9 90 Siem t 1.61 4 1/4 .04 Subfamily PUNCTINAE Genus PUNCTUM Morse, 1864 Punctum minutissimum (Lea) Pl. 17, figs. 12-14 Felix minutissimum Lea, 1841, Amer. Phitos. Soc., Trans., 9, p. 17. Punctum minutissimum (Lea), Morse, 1864, Terr. Pulm. Maine, Portland Soc. Nat. Hist; -jour., 1, -p: 27, pl: 7, figs. 69,705 ple) tig, 7c Punctum minutissimum (Lea), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 644, fig. 350. Description. — Shell thin, silky, subglobose with elevated spire; color white; whorls 3-334, convex; first 144 whorls smooth, re- mainder marked with fine, closely set rib striae; sutures deeply im- pressed, suture of final whorl descending almost to periphery of pre- ceding whorl; umbilicus broad, deep, contained approximately four times in diameter of the shell, showing coils to apex; aperture round; peristome thin, sharp, and not reflected. Geologic range. — Kansan to Recent. Recent distribution. — Distributed over much of North America from southern Canada to Mexico. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Kansan faunas— Indiana: Putnam and Parke Cos. Ilinoian faunas — Indiana: Monroe and Wayne Cos. Sanga- mon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: San- dusky or Erie? Co. Indiana: Morgan, Vigo, Johnson, and Wayne Cos. Hlinois: Rock Island, Cass, Brown, Jackson, and Alexander WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 24] Cos. Kentucky: Fulton, Crittenden, Union, Henderson, Daviess, and Jefferson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Mississippi: De Soto, Warren, Hinds, Adams, and Wilkinson Cos. Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. Missouri: St. Louis Co, Illinois: Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, and Union Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Habitat. — P. minutissium is a forest species which favors dense hardwood growths. Found frequently in the large forms of fungi, such as Polyporus and Boletus and in the bark of beech trees. Remarks. — This fragile shell, recovered from the fauna in greater numbers than any other species, is the pygmy of the fauna. It was missing from only one of the sites studied. This attests to the woodland nature of the area. Occurrence. — Localities 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Measurements of Punctum minutissimum in wm om. : Shell Aperture | Locality Height Width H/W Height Width H/W i Whorls 5 84 1.38 .61 34 50 .67 BP 1y/i2 6 91 1.35 .67 AoyA 54 1.00 3 6 SF Lily) .66 34 44 Sd 31/8 6 81 1.42 .57 50 557) .88 3 3/4 7 ceil 24 62 537) 44 84 3 7 .67 al oad, 259 34 .40 .85 3 7 .81 iL eesil .62 .44 47 .94 3 1/4 8 .87 1.35 .64 .40 Le, . 86 3/8 8 84 1.28 66 -40 47 . 86 Sely/ 3 8 ae 1 44 . 84 3 1/8 a2 -61 Shy Family SUCCINEIDAE Species belonging to the family Succineidae, with few excep- tions, cannot be accurately identified without resorting to a study of the soft anatomy. The shells of various species, even genera, show similarities that do not permit specific diagnosis. Miles (1958) ina detailed study of the family Succineidae in Kansas confirmed this observation made by earlier workers (Pilsbry, 1948; Lee, 1951). This being the case, the fossil forms described below, while they are distinct and readily separable, must be considered “form” species. Specification may, at some future time, be possible with addition of detailed anatonomical studies on Recent forms. Genus SUCCINEA Draparnaud, 1801 Succinea grosvenori Lea JeALS Dlg saves, alo all Succinea lineata Binney, 1857, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., ps 1g: 242 BULLETIN 241 Succinea grosvenori Lea, 1864, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., p. 109. Succinea bakeri Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, vol. 76, No. 4, p. 136, pl. 8, 3 figs. Description. — Shell obliquely conic, thin, fragile; color pale yellow; whorls 3-3%, convex, rapidly increasing in size; initial whorl smooth, remainder marked by irregular, somewhat wrinkled erowth striae; body whorl large, approximately two-thirds the length of shell; sutures deeply impressed; aperture ovoid; peristome thin, connected across parietal wall by a thin callus. Geologic range. — Aftonian to Recent. Recent distribution. — Because more than one species may be involved, distributional records are not too significant. S. grosvenori has been widely reported over North America from the Gulf states to the semiaid areas of the plains and mountain states. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Kansan faunas — Kansas: Osborne Co._ Texas: Crane Co. Yarmouth faunas— Iowa: Harrison and Monona Cos. Nebraska: Knox and Harlan Cos. Kansas: Jewel, Gove, Russell, Lincoln, Clark, Meade, and Seward Cos. Oklahoma: Beaver, Wood- ward, and Washita Cos. Texas: Roberts and Hartley Cos. Hlinoian faunas — Texas: Briscoe Co. (S. grosvenori?) Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Wisconsin faunas — Kansas: Jewel, Smith, Phillips, Norton, Decatur, and Rawlins Cos. Ohio: Shelby and Cuyahoga Cos. Indiana: Johnson Co. Illinois: Carroll, Marshall, Fulton, Mason, Schuyler, Menard, Brown, Pike, Scott, Jersey, Madi- son, and Alexander Cos. Texas: Reeves and Hardeman Cos. (S. cf. S. grosvenori) , Kentucky: Fulton, Crittenden, Henderson, and Jef- ferson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Texas: Crane, Ward, Reeves, and Pecos Cos. Missouri: St. Louis Co. HJinois: Madison, St. Clair, and Monroe Cos. Habitat. — Members of the genus Succinea seem to thrive in moist habitats; however, species identified as S. grosvenori “tolerate an astonishing wide range in practically all external conditions.” (Pilsbry 1948, p. 821). Remarks. — Many species of Succinea intermediate in size be- tween the larger forms like S. ovalis Say and the smaller forms like S. avara Say and S. gelida Baker have probably been included undet the name S. grosvenort. Hubricht (1963, pp. 135-137), after a study WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 243 of Recent specimens from the type locality at Alexandria, Louisiana, concluded that the shells from the loess of the upper Mississippi valley, usually identified as S. grosvenori Lea are, in reality, a differ- ent species. Hubricht elected to give a new name, S. bakeri, to these forms. Anatomical studies were, of necessity, impossible. ‘The authors are unable to draw distinctions either in measurements or form of shell, from some specimens of this fauna and forms described by Lea, Pilsbry, and others, as S. grosvenori. ‘Therefore, we desire to retain, for the time being, the “form species” name, S. grosvenori. Occurrence. — Localities 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9. Measurements of Succinea grosvenori in mm. : ‘| Shell Aperture Locality | Height Width H/W | Height Width H/W | Whorls 5 11.30 6.20 1.82 6.75 4.40 Wa53 3 1/8 5 11.60 7.00 1.66 8.00 4.30 1.86 3 5 11.30 6.60 aval 7.10 4.60 1.54 3 5 10.00 6.60 Ibs Sil 6. 30 4.30 1.47 3 5 12.80 7.30 1.75 8.10 5.00 1.62 3 6 10.80 6.60 1.64 6.90 4.20 1.64 3 6 10.70 6.50 1.65 6.50 3.80 ie yak 3 7 12.90 7.10 1.82 Ti 5.50 1.54 3.1/2 9 15.70 8.40 1.87 8.95 5.60 1.60 3 3/8 9 11.35 6.40 Mery 7.20 4.60 1.56 31/8 Succinea gelida (F. C. Baker) Ply Litigss 15.916 Succinea grosvenorii gelida Baker, 1927, Nautilus, vol. 40, No. 4, p. 118. Succinea grosvenort gelida Baker, Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Q Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2; pt. 2, p. 823, fig. 444 gh. Catinella gelida (Baker), Hubricht, 1963, Nautilus, vol. 76, No. 4, p. 137. Description. — Shell obliquely conic, small, narrow, thin and fragile; spire acute, slightly less than half the height of shell; color pale yellow; whorls 3 - 34, initial whorl smooth, remainder marked by irregular growth striae; body whorl slightly flattened; suture deeply impressed; aperture round; peristome thin, inner margin curving in to parietal wall; thin callus present on parietal wall. Geologic range. — Yarmouth to Recent (?) . Recent distribution. — Unknown. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Kansan faunas — Indiana: Putnam and Parke Cos. (both Succinea gelida “var.’’) Yarmouth faunas — Illinois: Bureau Co. Illinoian faunas — Indiana: Monroe Co. (S. gelida “var.”) , Parke and Wayne Cos. Sangamon faunas — Illinois: Boone Co. Wis- 244, BULLETIN 241 consin faunas — Ohio: Cuyahoga Co, Indiana: Morgan, Johnson, Hendricks, Rush, Shelby, Wayne, Noble, and Marion Cos, Illinois: Stevenson, Carroll, Rock Island, Henry, Bureau, Marshall, Hender- son, Peoria, Woodford, Fulton, ‘Tazewell, Mason, Schuyler, Cass, Menard, Brown, Morgan, Pike, Scott, Jersey, Madison, Mercer, Warren, Whiteside, Boone, Adams, Ogle, and Gallatin Cos. Ken- tucky: Fulton, Crittenden, Daviess, Henderson, and Jefferson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Texas: Crane, Ward, Reeves, and Pecos Cos. Habitat. — Lives in cool to cold climate. The normal association of this species with the faunas of this study which require a moist situation not far from water leads the authors to conclude that S. gelida prefers a similar situation. Remarks. — Use of the specific name gelida is employed here because the shells conform to those Baker described from the loess of Illinois. It is possible as Hubricht (1963) suggested that the name has been applied to more than one species. Wayne (1959, p. 93, 1963, p. 137) considered Recent specimens found at Churchill, Manitoba, identical (in shell characteristics) to this species, as found in Wisconsin sediments in Indiana. No anatomical studies were made on the Churchill specimens. Occurrence. — Localities 1, 2, 4, 8, 9. = Measurements of Succinea gelida in mm. Be Shell cc Aperture hocaltty | weight width _H/w | Height width _H/w__|| Whorls 2 5.68 3.96 1.44 3.29 24k? ih 36 3 1/8 2 4.56 S712 eed 2.70 2.01 1.34 31/8 2 5.89 3.4 1.69 3.19 2RAT a2 3 1/4 2 5.40 Wie alos, 3.22 225 = AS By? 4 6.10 4.82. 1.26 4.02 291 ele39 3 4 6.72 Gis0e 156 4.10 Ze oleae lead 3-1/8 8 6.51 4.50 45 3.82 2.84 1.34 3 1/4 8 6.53 4.50 1.45 3.49 2562) 9510833 3 9 7.04 498 she 3.49 2256 11,36 3.1/4 9 6.38 35820-1567 3.62 DT ae 130 3 Family STROBILOPSIDAE Genus STROBILOPS Pilsbry, 1893 Subgenus STROBILOPS s. s. Strobilops labyrinthica (Say) Pl. 16, figs. 22-24 Helix labyrinthica Say, 1817, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., No. 1, p. 124. Strobilops labyrinthica (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 854, fig. 463. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 245 Description. — Shell dome-shaped with periphery subangular, narrowly perforate; color light brown to white with first 114 whorls paler; whorls five - six convex, widening slowly and regularly; initial whorls smooth, remainder obliquely rib striate with ribs pronounced on upper surface and weakening on base of shell; sutures well impressed; aperture semilunate; lip thick, reflected; two teeth externally visible on parietal wall, a strong parietal and a smaller infraparietal; parietal tooth emerges from shell to edge of parietal callus; infraparietal shows only slightly in basal view; internal teeth consist of an interpalatal and five to six basopalatals. Geologic range. — Late Pliocene to Recent. Recent distribution. — Maine and Quebec west to Manitoba, Minnesota, Kansas, and Arkansas, south to Georgia and Alabama. Fossil distribution. — Pliocene — Kansas: Seward Co. Pleistocene — Kansan faunas — Indiana: Putnam Co. Texas: Knox Co. Illinoian faunas — Indiana: Monroe Co. Oklahoma: Canadian and Caddo Cos. (Illinoian?) , Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Erie and Cuyahoga Cos. Illinois: Madison, Alexander, and Cass Cos. Kentucky: Fulton, Henderson, Union, and Jefferson Cos. Wis- consin: Marinette and Waupaca Cos. Oklahoma: Caddo and Har- per Cos. (Wisconsin or Ilinoian?) Pleistocene — age unknown — Mississippi: ‘Tate, Tallahatchie, Grenada, Carroll, Yazoo, Hinds, and De Soto Cos. Missouri: St. Louis Co. Tennessee: Jackson Co. Illinois: Madison and St. Clair Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Habitat. — Generally confined to moist woodland habitats and only rarely found far from the edge of the forest. Occurs most often in moist leaves and moist logs, and in sod at the foot of trees. Oc- casionally lives close to the water line under sticks, crawling on old stumps, and in mossy crevices. Often associated with Zonitoides arboreus and Nesovitrea electrina. Remarks. — This is the common Strobilops of the late Pleisto- cene and Recent in the Kentucky, Illinois, and Indiana area. It is a long ranging species dating back to the late Pliocene. It differs from S. sparsicostata Baker which has been reported only as a fos- sil, in the slightly larger size, the coarser and more widely spaced riblets, and the deeper penetration of the parietal lamella. S. 246 BULLETIN 241 sparsicostata ranges from the middle Pliocene to the lower and _per- haps middle Pleistocene. Some specimens of this fauna are large for the species and num- ber up to six whorls. Occurrence. — Localities 2, 7, 8, 9. Measurements of p Senos BES popnsraeiaies in- mm. SS —— T = = Shell Aperture Waeuk Locality | Height Width H/W iz Height Width H/W (eres) : 2 1.54 Dio2? .69 shar) 80 59 5 8 1.88 petra .78 .67 .87 awl yal 8 1.88 2.38 .79 60 .87 .69 aly) 8 1.68 2.48 68 54 7k Psi. 5 1/4 9 i231 DET 7 .65 . 60 90 .67 5 5/8 9 1.61 2.34 .69 54 .67 . 80 by aly 9 1.95 TIT | .70 .67 1.00 ‘67 5 3/4 9 1.61 2.56 .63 60 .87 .70 Sri 9 1.48 2.43 60 54 94 S57 6 9 ITA 2.41 ay . 60 . 80 ID 5 3/4 Family PUPILLIDAE Subfamily GASTROCOPTINAE Genus GASTROCOPTA Wollaston, 1878 Subgenus ALBINULA Sterki, 1892 Gastrocopta armifera (Say) Pix ibs ties 5 Pupa armifera Say, 1821, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. 2, p. 162. Bifidaria armifera (Say), Sterki, 1909, Nautilus, vol. 23, No. 4, p. es with var. interpres (p. 52) similis, affinis, abbreviata (p. 53). Gastrocopla armifera gal): Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 874, fig. 472, Nos. 1- 4. Description. — Shell large for genus, ovate, rimate; color chalky white; whorls six - seven, swollen: body whorl half the height of shell, contracted at the base; nuclear whorls smooth, remainder finely rib striate; sutures well impressed: denticles five - six, angulo- parietal lamella bifed, joined to outer lip near its insertion; folds situated on a low callus, a tubercular suprapalatal, a short upper palatal, a somewhat longer, entering lower palatal; basal lamella, if present, inconspicuous; columellar lamella prominent, triangular and directed outwardly; aperture imperfectly rounded; peristome thin, reflected but not connected across parietal wall. Geologic range. — Early Pliocene to Recent. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 247 Recent distribution. — Quebec to northern Florida, west to the Rocky Mountains. Fossil distribution. — Pliocene — Okahoma: Beaver Co. Pleistocene — Nebraskan or Aftonian faunas — Kansas: King- man Co. Aftonian faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Indiana: Putnam Co. Kansan faunas — Texas: Knox and Baylor Cos. Yarmouth faunas — Nebraska: Knox Co. North Dakota: Grant Co. Kansas: Dickinson and Meade Cos. Texas: Roberts and Hartley Cos. Illinoian faunas — ‘Texas: Briscoe Co. Oklahoma: Caddo and Cana- dian Cos. (Illinoian?), Kansas: Phillips Co. Indiana: Monroe Co, Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. ‘Texas: Foard Co. Wisconsin faunas — Kansas: Phillips Co. Ohio: Erie, Butler, and Hamilton (?) Cos. Indiana: Morgan, Johnson, Wayne, and Dearborn (?) Cos. Illinois: Mason, Cass, Menard, Brown, Pike, Jersey, and Madison Cos. Kentucky: Fulton, Henderson, Daviess, Union, and Jefferson Cos. Texas: Hardeman, Clay, and Delta Cos. Oklahoma: Caddo and Harper Cos. (Wisconsin or Illinoian?). PostHypsithermal faunas — North Dakota: Richland Co. C-14 dated records — Texas: Motley Co. 31,400 + 5,600 years B. P., Dallas Co. slightly more than 37,000 years B. P. and Denton Co. 28,840 years B. P., North Dakota: Richland Co. 2,540 + 300 years B. P. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: Boone, St. Charles, Franklin, and St. Louis Cos. Mississippi: Tallahatchie, Carroll, Hinds, Warren, Claiborne, and Adams Cos. Illinois: Madison, St. Clair, and Union Cos. ‘Tennessee: Jackson Co, ‘Texas: Comal, Bexar, Kerr, and Bandera Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Habitat. — G. armifera is a gregarious species, occurring com- monly on wooded slopes, near or removed from a stream. Found under dead wood, limestone rocks, or a light cover of leaf mold or other debris. Generally prefers woodlands, but a single tree with dead wood above it often supports an entire colony. Remarks. — This is the largest pupillid and Gastrocopta of the fauna. Pilsbry (1940, pp. 878-879) listed a variety of named forms of this species, giving the data “for what they may be worth.” These infraspecific forms are not known to be confined to definite geo- eraphic areas or show variations in morphology that would restrict 248 BULLETIN 241 them to a particular habitat. It seems wiser to consider them as one species until such time as a specific habitat or range might be as- signed. Specimens of this fauna resemble Sterki’s form G. similis, being somewhat smaller in size than the type, more cylindric, and without a continuous peristome. Occurrence. — Localities 5(?), 7, 8. Measurements of Gastrocopta armifera in m m. ae ne is Se eee : Shell | Aperture Locality Height Width H/W | Height Width H/W Whorls fe Ta 3.60 2108'S 176 1/21 1 OS on deat 6 1/2 7 3.80 2.01 1.89 1.14 TOO" mile 6 1/4 8 3.86 2eal5) ets 80 1.14 UTES | 11200 6 1/2 8 4.00 2.08 1.92 2 See OG 6 1/2 8 3.86 2e Oils lene 1.14 L4G ape OO 6 1/4 8 3.93 205 so? ie yal 1088) at 6 1/4 8 3.86 2201. 5792 1.00 1.00" 2.100 6 1/8 8 3.93 2315 nis 88 12 12 er R00 6 3/4 8 3.45 ACE fate 7) 1.08 1.00 1.08 6 1/3 8 4.30 25 200 2a TAA e106 6 3/4 Subgenus VERTIGOPSIS Sterki, 1893 Gastrocopta tappaniana (C. B. Adams) Plo Wie fies Pupa tappaniana “Ward” C. B. Adams, 1842, in Thompson’s History of Vermont, p. 158. Gastrocopia ltappaniana (C. B. Adams), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 889, fig. 477, No. 9. Description. — Shell ovate-conic with obtuse apex, minutely perforate; color white; whorls 44 - 5, swollen; body whorl over half the height of shell; nuclear whorls smooth, remainder rib striate; sutures well impressed; denticles six - eight; parietal lamella straight, situated midway on parietal wall; folds situated on a low but prominent callus, usually six in number, a tubercular suprapalatal, an upper palatal, an interpalatal, a lower palatal, an infrapalatal and a basal; lower palatal entering only slightly more than upper palatal; columellar lamela ascends slightly toward axis; peristome thin, narrowly reflected and connected across the parietal wall by a thin callus; a heavy crest paralleling the peristome is separated from it by a groove, Geologic range. — Late Pliocene to Recent. Recent distribution. — Ontario and Maine to Virginia and Ala- bama, west to South Dakota and Kansas, southwest to Arizona, but not known from southeastern Atlantic States, Virginia to Florida. Fossil distribution. — WIsCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 249 Pliocene — Kansas: Seward and Meade Cos. Pleistocene — Nebraskan or Aftonian faunas — Nebraska: Brown Co, Yarmouth faunas — lowa: Harrison Co. Nebraska: Knox and Harlan Cos. Kansas: Jewel, Gove, Lincoln, Dickinson, Clark, Meade, and Seward Cos. Oklahoma: Woodward and Washita Cos. Texas: Roberts and Hartley Cos. Illinoian faunas — Texas: Brisco Co. Indiana: Wayne Co. Oklahoma: Caddo and Canadian Cos. (Ilinoian?). Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Erie, Stark, and Sandusky (?) Cos. Indiana: Wayne Co. Texas: Clay Co. Oklahoma: Harper Co. (Wisconsin or IIli- noian?). Kentucky: Fulton and Henderson Cos. C-14 dated records — Texas: Motley Co. 31,400 + 5,600 years Bo Ps Pleistocene — age unknown — Texas: Brooks Co. Mississippi: Warren Co. Missouri: St. Louis Co. Illinois: Madison and St. Clair Cos. Habitat. — Lives under logs and bark or among leaves, moss or grass in moist situations close to water. G. tappaniana is often found with Vertigo ovata. Remarks. —Specimens of G. tappaniana are typical for the species and are recorded here from their recognized habitat. Habitat, as well as range, separates the two species G. tappaniana and G. pentodon — species considered one by some authors. Pilsbry (1948, p- 889) stated, “While it must be admitted that occasional individ- uals are intermediate between tappaniana and pentodon yet the two forms are readily separable in the great majority of lots. They differ in station, tappaniana being found in low moist places, under wood, often with Vertigo ovata while pentodon lives in dryer situations, as Dr. Sterki noted.” The fact that Oughton (1948, p. 53) noted different ranges for the two species would seem to indicate they are separate and valid species rather than ecological forms. Occurrence. — Locality 2. Gastrocopta contracta (Say) Pie de tis8 Pupa contracta Say, 1822, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. 2, p. 374. Gastrocopta contracta (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 880, fig. 474, Nos. 9-12. 250 BULLETIN 241 Measurements of Gastrocopta tappaniana in m m. Ss — ee —— T : Shell Aperture Whorl Locality Height Width H/W | Height Width H/W I tseken 2: 1.88 a2 155 60 .60 1.00 4 3/4 vi 1.81 AA 1.59 47 54 .88 4 1/2 2 Tafa 1.14 52 BAT, 254 .88 41/2 2 1.98 12S 14 595) . 60 . 60 1.00 SY? 2 1.74 aL sal 1.44 5p 54 1.00 41/2 2 albert 1.14 1553 40 47 .87 aay? 2 1.81 ih ePal 1250 47 47 1.00 Le /i2 2 1.70 alae 1.49 254 47 taal dinate /i2 2 1.88 says 1.65 54 60 89 4 3/8 2 1.81 Teo: 150 47 54 .88 Ze ily 2 Description. — Shell ovate-conic, rimate; color white; whorls five, increasing regularly in size; body whorl slightly more than halt the height of shell, contracted at the base, in the latter half descend- ing to the aperture where it expands, impressed over the lower palatal; crest present behind outer lip, paralleling peristome; peristome reflected, callus on inner columella margin; denticles four, large, almost filling aperture; a fused angulo-parietal joining the lip at its juncture with the peristome bends, about midway, forming a right angle towards the outer lip, descending dorsally and curving inward; a broad lamelliform inwardly descending columellar; a tubercular immersed upper palatal resting on a slight callus and an obliquely descending deeply immersed lower palatal. Geologic range. — Pliocene to Recent. Recent distribution. — Maine to Florida; west to Manitoba, South Dakota, central Kansas, western Texas, and Sonora; south- ward in Mexico to the states of Morelos and Vera Cruz. In the Gulf Coastal Plain from Alabama to Texas, and northward in the Missis- sippi lowlands to Arkansas the typical form is replaced by another subspecies. Fossil distribution. — Pliocene — Oklahoma: Beaver Co. Pleistocene — Kansan faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Yarmouth faunas — Kansas: Lincoln and Dickinson Cos. Oklahoma: Washita Co. Hlinoian (?) faunas — Oklahoma: Canadian and Caddo Cos. Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Texas: Foard Co. Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Erie, Hamilton, and Defiance Cos. Illinois: Cass and Madison Cos. Kentucky: Union, Fulton, and Henderson Cos. Oklahoma: Harper Co. (Wisconsin or Hlinoian?) , ‘Texas: Delta Co. PostHypsithermal faunas — North Dakota: Richland Co. WIscONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 251 C-14 dated records — Texas: Denton Co. 28,840 years B. P., Dallas Co: slightly more than 37,000 years B. P., North Dakota: Richland Co. 2,540 + 300 years Jb. Ps Pleistocene — age unknown — Mississippi: De Soto, Tate, Talla- hatchie, Grenada, Carroll, Hinds, Warren, and Adams Cos. Mis- souri: Callaway, St. Louis, Boone, and St. Charles Cos. Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. Illinois: Madison and Union Cos. Tennessee: Jackson Co. Texas: Comal, Kendall, Kerr, Bandara, and Brooks Gos: Habitat.—On shaded slopes along the water courses, under dead wood, leaf mold and grass. Remarks. — The single specimen of this species recovered from the fauna corresponds well with type specimens. Apparently, the species was not a dominant representative of the genus Gastrocopta. The number of individuals recovered is in small proportion to other representatives, not only in this assemblage but in those from other areas. Occurrence. — Locality 9. Measurement of Gastrocopta contracta in mm. — : Shell Aperture | ah te Locality Height Width 4H/W Heigntue Widths. (H/Wae ilu one 9 2531 1.38 1.68 -94 74 127 5 Subfamily VERTIGININAE Genus VERTIGO Miller, 1774 Subgenus VERTIGO s. s. Vertigo gouldi (Binney) PI ientiow2. Pupa gouldi Binney, 1843, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc., vol. 1, p. 105. Vertigo gouldi (Binney) , Binney, Terr. Moll., 2, p. 332, p. 51, fig. 2. Vertigo gouldi (Binney), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., Noms vole2 spt 2 spe O7l, fis. bib: 4555 8. Description. — Shell ovate with obtuse apex, rimate; color light brown; whorls 4% -5, sharply striate, convex, with swollen ap- pearance, increasing regularly and rapidly in size, body whorl at least half the length of shell; denticles five; parietal lamella strong, situated midway on parietal wall; columellar lamella strong; basal fold tubercular; upper and lower palatal folds present, both some- what elongate with the lower fold entering slightly more deeply 252 BULLETIN 241 than the upper; aperture biarcuate; peristome not reflected, con- nected across parietal wall by a thin callus; crest behind lip and impressions on body whorl over the upper and lower palatals. Geologic range. — Yarmouth to Recent. Recent distribution. — Prince Edward and Magdalen Islands, British Columbia, and Montana; Potomac River, North Carolina; mountains of ‘Tennessee, Alabama. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Yarmouth faunas — Kansas: Gove, Lincoln, and Meade Cos. Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Butler Co. Kentucky: Fulton and Henderson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Kansas: Phillips Co. Mississippi: Warren, Hinds, Adams, and Wilkinson Cos. Louisiana: West Feli- ciana Parish. Missouri: St. Louis Co. Tennessee: Jackson Co. Habitat. — Lives under logs and bark or among leaves, moss, or erass in moist situations not far from water. Remarks. —V. gouldi is a species limited today to regions of cool and somewhat humid climate. Southward it follows the moun- tains of Tennessee and Alabama. Oughton (1948 p. 58) in referring to Canadian distribution stated, “probably all Ontario, Our records show it ranges from Lake Erie and Ontario north to James Bay and northwest to Borthwick Lake .. .” Pleistocene distribution extended to states bordering the Mis- sissippi_ — Louisiana, Mississippi, ‘Tennessee, Missouri, and here reported from Kentucky. Franzen and Leonard (1947, p. 358) re- ported it from Kansas and as being limited to the lower Pleistocene (Meade Formation). In Kentucky and Ohio it has not been re- ported from sediments older than Wisconsin. Pleistocene records from other states do not give a specific age. Hibbard and ‘Taylor (1960, p. 135) stated, ““The present classi- fication of the Vertigo gouldi group is unsatisfactory. Until it has been revised, the relationship of the fossils from Kansas to similar Recent snails will remain uncertain and inferences about details of habitat will not be reliable.” Species associated with V. gouldi in the present fauna are forms favoring a moist habitat. Kentucky specimens of V’. gouldi compare well with Kansas forms in number and structure of denticles. Both possess a tuber- cular basal fold. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 254 In three of the localities studied (4, 8, 9) the specimens range from 1.8 to 2.1 mm in length, tending to the larger size. In the fourth locality (2) the range in length is from 1.6 to 1.9 mm, tend- ing to the smaller size. Occurrence. — Localities 2, 4, 8, 9. Measurements of Vertigo gouldi in mm. a 1 Shell | Aperture | Locality Height Width H/W | Height Width H/W Whorls 8 132 )S) aaa 1.61 -47 - 54 87 5 8 2.05 aa Zall 1.69 .54 .54 1.00 4 7/8 8 Zea 1.14 1.89 -47 -47 1.00 5 8 1.81 1.18 1.53 -47 -50 -94 4 1/2 8 1.88 1.14 1.65 -47 -47 1.00 41/2 9 7a eAL) 1.14 1.88 - 54 -47 ALS 4 7/8 9 22. 1.21 175 -47 -54 -87 4 1/4 9 2.08 1.24 1.68 -47 -54 -87 41/2 9 2785 1.18 Des .40 - 54 -74 41/2 9 95 1.14 7. 47 -47 1.00 4 3/4 Vertigo hubrichti Pilsbry Pie tices Vertigo gouldi hubrichti Pilsbry, 1934, Man. Conch., vol. 28, p. 99, pl. 22, figs. 9- Tae oii hubrichti ? Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., INOW 3; vol 2; pt.-25 p- 9735 fig. b21- Description. — Shell subcylindrical with obtuse apex, rimate; color light brown with white apex; whorls 5 - 5%, convex, increasing rapidly in size, nuclear whorls smooth, remainder marked by sharp striae; body whorl large, slightly over half the height of shell, con- stricted somewhat at the base; denticles four; parietal lamella strong, situated midway on parietal wall; two strong elongate palatals, both entering obliquely, the lower deeply immersed; columellar lamella, nodose, prominent; aperture biarcuate; peristome simple, connected across parietal wall by a callus; long, deep impressions on body whorl mark the position of the upper and lower palatals. Geologic range. — Kansan (?) through late Wisconsin. Recent distribution. — Recorded as a Pleistocene fossil only. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Kansan faunas — Indiana: Putnam Co. Wiscon- sin faunas — Indiana: Morgan and Johnson Cos. Illinois: Pike, Green, Jersey, Fulton, Menard, Mason, Brown, Jackson, and Alexan- der Cos. Kentucky: Fulton, Henderson,* Union, Daviess, and Jef- ferson Cos. 4Reported previously by authors as Vertigo gouldi paradoxa. 254 BULLETIN 241 Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: St. Charles and St. Louis Cos. Illinois: Madison, St. Clair and Monroe Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Habitat. — Lives under dead wood and leaves in humid places. Remarks. — V. hubrichti is known only as a fossil. With one ex- ception, this form has been recorded only from sediments of Wis- consin age. Wayne (1959, pp. 14, 16) reported it from Kansan sedi- ments in Indiana. The fossil distribution, as presently known, limits this species to the east central states of Missouri, Hlinois, Indiana, and Kentucky. In the area of Kansas and the High Plains, it is apparently replaced by Vertigo gouldi paradoxa. V. hubrichti has affinities with both V. gouldi paradoxa and V’. nylanderi. If differs from the former in having the basal fold well developed and deep external impressions over the palatal folds. In V. gouldi paradoxa the basal fold is often absent. V. nylan- devi is smaller than V. hubrichti and has an angular lamella. Occurrence. — -Localines 2, 4,.5,.07,7. Measurements of Vertigo hubrichti in m m. ES z = —s Q Shell Aperture | Locality Height Width H/W | Height Width i/w || Whorls 5 25) 1.08 .99 54 50 1.08 5 1/8 5 1.95 1.04 1.87 50 .40 1.25 4 7/8 5 1.95 1.14 Lewd. 54 47 Tes 5 5 2.08 1.08 1.93 -54 -47 aS 5 5 2.01 1.08 . 86 54 47 a5 4 7/8 6 2p 22. 1.08 2.06 60 .40 1.50 Gay 6 2.08 1.04 2.00 154 47 AIS) 5 6 DOr 1.14 1.76 54 a5 1.00 4 7/8 6 215 1.08 .99 50 50 1.00 4 2/3 6 D422 1.14 1.95 60 47 1.28 5 1/4 Vertigo modesta (Say) Pl. 173~fig..9 Pupa modesta Say, 1824, Long’s Second Exped., Appendix, p. 259, pl. 15, fig. 5. Vertigo modesta (Say), Pilsbry and Vanatta, 1900, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., p. 600, pl. 23, figs. 2, 3, 6. Vertigo modesta (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 982, fig. 527; p. 991, fig. 531, 1-2, fig. 528, 1-3. Description. — Shell oblong-cylindrical with obtuse apex; color light tan with nuclear whorl pale to white; whorls 5- 5%, notably striate, convex, body whorl over half the height of shell; denticles three-four; parietal, columellar and basal lamellas low and_ of subequal prominence; tubercular upper palatal frequently but not always present; aperture ovate; lip slightly reflected with outer WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER hd Or Or margin nearly straight, connected across parietal wall by thin callus; low crest usually present behind outer lip. Geologic range. — Kansan to Recent. Recent distribution. — Labrador to Victoria and Nanaimo, Alaska. Reported from Maine, Vermont, and Connecticut. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Kansan faunas — Kansas: Phillips Co. Indiana: Putnam Co. Yarmouth faunas — North Dakota: Grant Co. Iowa: Monona Co. Kansas: Russell Co. Illinoian faunas — Indiana: Mon- roe and Wayne Cos, Wisconsin faunas — Kansas: Republic, Jewel, Smith, Norton, Decatur, and Rawlins Cos. Indiana: Morgan, John- son, Hendricks, and Shelby Cos. Illinois: Carroll Rock Island, Bureau, Henderson, Peoria, Woodford, Fulton, ‘Tazewell, Mason, Schuyler, Cass, Menard, Brown, Morgan, Pike, Scott, Jersey, Madi- son, Jackson, and Alexander Cos. Kentucky: Union, Henderson, Daviess, and Jefferson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Indiana: Posey Co. Missouri: St. Louis Co. Illinois: Madison, St. Clair and Monroe Cos. Indiana; Posey Co. Habitat. — Thrives in cool, humid climates. Remarks. — Vertigo modesta is a species with a preference for a cool and humid climate. Hence, its distributional pattern has changed since Pleistocene times. It has receded from the Mid-Con- tinental regions of Kansas and Missouri and the east-central area of Kentucky and Indiana (the southern limit) to the northern United States, ranging today from Maine to California. This is a common species in this fauna with specimens running somewhat larger than those reported elsewhere. Individuals measuring 2.7 mm in length were found at all the sites. Numerous large forms were recovered from locality 4 with one specimen at- taining a length of 2.9 mm. Optimum habitat conditions must have prevailed at the time of deposition. Occurrence. — Localities 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Genus COLUMELLA Westerlund, 1878 Columella alticola (Ingersoll) Ply. fig4 Pupilla aiticola Ingersoll, 1875, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sur. Geogr. Sur. Terr. 1, p. 128. Columella alticola (Ingersoll), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 1003, fig. 536. 256 BULLETIN 241 Measurements of Vertigo modesta in m m. ——— = 7 ‘ Shell | Aperture I Locality Height Width H/W | Height Width H/w_ | Whorls 4 2.63 eT pee 67 60 ea 5 1/8 rs 2:80 1.4 1599 ‘67 67 1.00 5 1/4 4 2.41 134 J Aaa, 80 67 60 ies 5 4 2.84 JAG reawIt9S 80 67 1.20 5 1/8 4 2.91 Wal 2.07 80 67 1.20 5 1/2 4 2.59 1n38.. aloes 74 67 1.10 4 7/8 6 2.48 yaw gn 70 60 1.16 5 6 2.56 yee 74 60 ie 5 7 2.28 1 3, ne 70 67 67 1.00 4 7/8 7 2.62 fe2gw 2805 74 67 1.10 5 1/8 Description. — Shell cylindrical or barrel-shaped with obtuse apex, perforate; color pale brown with nuclear whorls white; whorls 64, -7%, convex, wider than high, of equal size except for apical and body whorls; body whorl markedly larger, expanding toward aperture; nuclear whorls smooth, remainder finely and irregularly rib striate; sutures well impressed; aperture edentulous, oblique and ovate; peristome thin and sharp, reflected slightly over colu- mellar region. Geologic range. — Wisconsin (Tazewell) to Recent. Recent distribution. — Alberta and British Columbia; moun- tainous regions of New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming; Illinois, lowa, and Kansas. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Wisconsin faunas — Kansas: Jewel, Norton, Phil- lips, and Decatur Cos. Ohio: Shelby, Cuyahoga and Butler Cos. Indiana: Johnson, Hendricks, Shelby, Vigo, and Morton Cos. IIli- nois: Stevenson, Carroll, Henry, Bureau, Marshall, Henderson, Peoria, Woodford, Fulton, Tazewell, Schuyler, Cass, Menard, and Brown Cos. Kentucky: Daviess, Henderson, and Jefferson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: St. Charles and St. Louis Cos, Mississippi: Adams and Warren Cos. Illinois: Madison andot.-GlaireG@os. Habitat. — Restricted to areas with cool temperature and humid climate. Remarks. — Columella alticola may be distinguished from other species of the genus by its cylindric shape, its rounded summit, and more swollen final whorl. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER No Or ~I The species seems to have been more widespread in Pleistocene times since it has been reported as far south as Missouri and Mis- sissippl. Browne and McDonald (1960, p. 174) reported it pre- viously from Kentucky. C. alticola is intolerant of low humidity and high temperatures which probably accounts for its disappear- ance from the more southerly areas of its former distribution. In Kentucky, this species is restricted to the upper part of the Tazewell. Other reported occurrences place it at a corresponding stratigraphic horizon. Occurrence. — Localities 5, 6, 7, 9. Z =e — ee =ais — ' Shell | Aperture I pec Height Width H/W | Height Width H/w_ | Whorls 5 2.48 ean 2.04 .60 .60 1.00 6 1/4 5 2.62 1.28 2.04 60 60 1.00 6 1/2 5 2.80 28 elke .60 60 1.00 6 1/2 5 3.05 1.34 2.28 67 64 1.05 7 5 2.77 1.34 2.06 67 67 1.00 6 1/2 5 Si l2 1.41 2.20 74 67 121.0 7 5 3. 36 1.41 2.38 70 67 1.05 ay 7 2.98 1.34 2.22 67 54 oye 6 1/2 7 3.05 iL Pat 2.52 67 54 1.24 6 1/2 7 3.05 1.28 D538 67 60 Tai 7 Family VALLONIIDAE Genus VALLONIA Risso, 1826 Vallonia albula Sterki Pl. 15; figs. :9; 10 Vallonia gracilicosta Sterki, July 1893, in part, Man. Conch., vol. 8, p. 265. Vallonia albula Sterki, Sept. 1893, Acad. Nat Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., p. 263, pl. 8, figs. D. O. Vallonia albula (Sterki) Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol..2, pt. 2, p. 1031, fig. 550. Description. — Shell thin, silky appearing, with slightly ele- vated spire; color white; whorls 3% -4, convex, nuclear whorls smooth, remainder marked by fine oblique striae; striae number about 55 on final whorl and extend to umbilicus; final whorl rapidly enlarging and descending to aperture; sutures impressed; umbilicus broad, deep, and showing coils to apex; aperture round; peristome reflected and thickened, margins approach across parietal wall where they are connected by a thin callus. Geologic range. — Illinoian to Recent. 258 BULLETIN 241 Recent distribution. — Newfoundland, Manitoba, Massachu- setts, Maine, New York, Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota, Colorado, New Mexico, and California. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Ilinoian faunas — Indiana: Wayne Co. Wiscon- sin faunas — Indiana: Johnson, Hendricks, and Shelby Cos. Ken- tucky: Henderson, Crittenden, Daviess, and Jefferson Cos. Utah: St. Pete Co. (Wisconsin?) . Habitat. — Lives in moss and among dead leaves, under decay- ing wood and stones. V’. albula is sensitive to light. Remarks. — Pilsbry (1948, p. 1032) mentioned the difficulty of distinguishing between V’. gracilicosta and V. albula. He separated V. gracilicosta from V. albula by the narrower lip of the latter species. However, his detailed accounts of these two species (1948, pp. 1029 - 1052) listed other distinguishing characteristics. V. gra- cilicosta is described as having 3’ whorls and 45 to 50 ribs on the final whorl whereas 31% to four whorls and 55 crowded ribs on the final whorl are recorded for V. albula. The containment of the um- bilicus in the diameter is not given for V’. gracilicosta, but for PV. albula the ratio is given as slightly over three. Forms of this fauna are identified as V. albula. Whorls number 3Y,-4 and have the requisite 55 crowded ribs. The umbilicus is contained from 3 to slightly over 3% times in the diameter. Data on the distributional record for V. gracilicosta are given by Hibbard and Taylor (1960, p. 138) as follows: “Rocky Moun- tains from southern Arizona and New Mexico (at high elevations) northward to Montana; Nebraska eastward to Minnesota and Iowa. A single California record was given by Pilsbry (1948, p. 1030). Shells from farther south (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri) are apparently all fossil. The northern and northeastern limits are un- certain.” V. albula has not been recorded from the southeastern states either living or fossil. Apparently, it is a more northerly form. The association of V. albula with such forms as Columella alticola and Vertigo modesta in this fauna seems logical. Both the latter species are now restricted to northern regions. Occurrence. — Localities 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 259 Measurements of Vallonia albula inm m. : hell Aperture ia Locality ee Width H/W eee Width H/w | Umbilicug Whorls 3 OS en 2a e+ +39 .67 .80 .83 .80 3 3/8 3 TAOS 257082 3240 . 60 74 .82 .80 30/2 4 13 Dati sed .80 4802 7 21)s00 Sy 3 3/4 4 ee 77 346 .70 .80 .88 .87 3 5/8 5 IPS eta S6e e245 64 74 ay) 70 31/4 6 Palise Peay 7a 43 .67 .84 80 80 3.1/2 6 fe ee Deh9e5 146 67 .80 .83 We. 3 3/8 7 Tether BON 24 .70 .80 .88 .80 3) i/2 7 Mee ae 26S's a7 £7. TLLOL 74 31/2 Order BOSOMMATOPHORA Family CARYCHIIDAE Genus CARYCHIUM Miiller, 1774 Carychium exile canadense Clapp PLA figs, 5-7 Carychium exile canadense Clapp, 1906, Nautilus, vol. 19, No. 12, p: 39 pls; fiosmaliy 22 Od. Carychium exile canadense Clapp, Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 1059, figs. 561 d, 566 b. Description. — Shell thin, slender, narrow, tapering slightly to obtuse apex, rimate; color white; whorls 5-5, convex, shouldered, width about twice the height, regularly increasing in size; rib striae, closely set, distinctly visible on all except initial whorls; aperture oblique, about 3 length of shell; peristome thickened, expanded, connected across parietal wall by a callus; horizontal lamella present at junction of parietal and columellar margins, curves in- wardly where it expands and bends sharply downward. Geologic range. — Kansan to Recent. Recent distribution. —Canadian zone, Maine and Ontario to Michigan and Manitoba, Vancouver Island. Fossil distribution. — Kansan faunas — Indiana: Putnam Co. Illinoian faunas — In- diana: Monroe and Parke Cos. Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Shelby, Erie, and Cuyahoga Cos. Indiana: Johnson Co, Illinois: Henry, Ful- ton, and Menard Cos. Kentucky: Fulton, Henderson, and Union Cos. Habitat. — Lives most often in low marshy wet woods on the forest floor where it may be found under bark, debris, and rotting stumps. This species is also found on forested hillsides. 260 BULLETIN 241] Remarks. — Kentucky records for this species mark the southern limit reported for Pleistocene distribution. C. exile canadense today replaces C. exile in the north where it is living as a Canadian zone species. C. exile canadense differs externally from C. exile in being somewhat larger. The downward bend of the columellar jamella occurs farther from the aperture in the subspecies. Occurrence. — Localities 2, 9. Measurements of Carychium exile canadense in mm. Shell Aperture roca Ey, Height Width H/W | Height Width H/W Whorls 2 2.28 .87 2.61 54 47 iSI5 5 1/2 2 2.01 . 80 2.50 54 40 135 5 2 D5 .80 2.68 54 .40 135 5 1/4 9 2522 .84 2.64 50 .40 1625 ey? 9 2305 .87 2.46 54 .40 185 5 9 2.08 .80 2.60 54 .40 185 lye 9 1.95 84 De32 47 237 1 2y 5 9 2.38 lid 3.08 54 34 1.59 5 1/4 9 2.34 .90 2.60 54 40 1.35 5 1/4 9 2.28 .87 2.61 54 40 Te35 5 1/4 Order ARCHAEOGASTROPODA Family HELICINIDAE Genus HENDERSONIA Wagner, 1905 Hendersonia occulta (Say) Pl. 16, figs. 13-15 Helicina occulta Say, 1831, Transylvania Jour. of Medicine, vol. 4, p. 528, fig. Hescera occulta (Say), Pilsbry, 1948, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr., No23; vol. 2; pt. 2, p: 1088, fig. 581. Description. — Shell thick, depressed globose with con:c spire and convex base, imperforate; color buff to white; whorls 4% - 5, in- creasing slowly in size, embryonic whorl smooth, remainder sharp- ly and obliquely rib striate; periphery bounded by a sharp keel which may or may not disappear toward latter half of final whorl; aperture oblique and roundly lunate; peristome thickened and nar- rowly reflected over the outer and basal margins of the shell which are connected by a callus. Geologic range. — Kansan to Recent. Recent distribution. — Reported as far north as Minnesota, I1- linois, and Wisconsin, in the Middle Atlantic states from Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina and in plain states of Nebraska and Iowa. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 261 Fossil distribution, — Pleistocene — Kansan faunas — Kansas: Phillips and Osborne Cos. Indiana: Putnam Co. Yarmouth faunas — lowa: Harrison and Monona Cos. Kansas: Russell Co. Illinoian faunas — Indiana: Mon- roe Co. Sangamon faunas — Ohio: Cuyahoga Co, Wisconsin faunas —Kansas: Republic and Jewel Cos. Ohio: Butler and Cuyahoga Cos. Indiana: Morgan, Johnson, and Posey Cos. Hlinois: Stevenson, Carroll, Rock Island, Bureau, Marshall, Fulton, Tazewell, Mason, Schuyler, Cass, Menard, Brown, Pike, Scott, Greene, Jersey, Madi- son, and Alexander Cos. Kentucky: Fulton, Daviess, Crittenden, Union, Henderson, and Jefferson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: Cooper, Callaway, St. Louis, Atchison, Jackson, Howard, St. Charles, and Franklin Cos. Illinois: Madison, St. Clair, and Monroe Cos. Mississippi: Jefferson, Adams, De Soto, Tate, Panola, Grenada, Carroll, and Yazoo Cos. Tennessee: Cheatum and Smith Cos. Indiana: Posey Co. Shimek (1920) studied H. occulta and investigated its fossil dis- tribution. Pilsbry (1948, p. 1089) quoted the following extracts from Shimek (1919) : “The northern limit of the fossils, so far as observed, is approxi- mately indicated by a series of loops drawn from Ponca, Nebraska, to Carroll, Des Moines, Colfax, Iowa City, Muscatine, and Daven- port, Iowa; Rock Island and Joy, Illinois, and Sullivan Co., Indi- ana... Westward the fossils extend into eastern Nebraska to a line drawn from Ponca through West Point, Bruno and Lincoln to Peru ... The known southern limit of the fossils has been extended along the east side of the Mississippi almost to the south line of ‘Tennes- SC Chane ike 2 Habitat. — Confined to situations near water, along streams, and lakes, often in positions that allow submergence at times of high water. Remarks. — This widespread species was collected from all but one of the sites studied. Shimek (1904, p. 176) considered this a key fossil for interpreting conditions at the time of loess deposition. He reported the habitat as being well-wooded territory in loose-leaf mould. Van der Schalie’s findings in Michigan (1939, pp. 1-8) gave data to show that the species is restricted to areas not only close to water but often on grounds subject to overflow. 262 BULLETIN 24] Recent specimens show no differences from the fossil forms. Somewhat smaller forms from the Iowa loess (Pilsbry, 1948, p. 1089) are attributed to a prevailing drier climate at the time they lived. Occurence. — Localities 2, 3, 4, 5,.6,-7, 9. Measurements of Hendersonia occulta in m,.m. : Peak Pipe. schauiae e Aperture Locality Height Width 4H/W Height Width H/W Whorls D 4.25 6.20 .69 1.68 2 6 5 2 4.10 Ga aC iG DEOSs aT 4 3/4 4 3.70 5.90 .63 1.95 201-297 5 5 3.50 5.50 .64 1.61 A(t.) XO) 41/2 5 3.70 BESO sme Or, 1.48 OS & OnG 4 1/2+ 6 3.70 5.70 .65 1.81 2.28 .79 4 3/4 6 3.50 Sad: | Gl 1.48 208.70 41/2 6 4.10 Se Ome eae 1.54 20 ee. 0 4 3/4 7 3.70 5.85 .63 1.61 1.88 . 86 4 3/4 7 80 5.80 .66 1.88 22 CeO? 4 3/4 Subclass STREPTONEURA Spengel Order CTENOBRANCHIATA Scheigger Family POMATIOPSIDAE Stimpson Genus POMATIOPSIS Tryon Pomatiopsis lapidaria (Say). Pi ib fhics Cyclostoma lapidaria Say, 1817, Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. 1, p. 13. Pomatiopsis lapidaria (Say), Baker, 1928, Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur., Bull. 70, pt. 1, pp. 162-168, pl. 7, figs. 42-45. Description. —Shell shiny, elongate, turreted; spire acute, about two-thirds length of shell; color ivory to light tan; whorls 614-7’, convex, regularly increasing in size, marked by closely set, wrinkled growth striae; nuclear whorl granular, flat- tened at apex and partially enveloped by succeeding whorl; sutures deeply impressed; aperture ovate with rounded base, set at an angle to axis of shell; peristome simple, somewhat thickened, connected across parietal wall; inner margin erect, slightly reflected over a distinct and open umbilicus. Geologic range. —Wisconsin (?) to Recent. Recent distribution. — New York to northeastern Kansas and Iowa, Michigan, and Wisconsin south to Missouri, Alabama, and Georgia. Recorded from the Pleistocene in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma. Fossil distribution, — WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 263 Pleistocene — Illinoian (?) faunas — Oklahoma: Caddo Co. Wis- consin faunas — Ohio: Erie Co. Kentucky: Fulton and Henderson Cos. Pleistocene — age unknown — Missouri: St. Louis Co. Texas: Comal Co. Tennessee: Cheatham, Jackson, and Smith Cos. Ken- tucky: Franklin Co, Mississippi: Panola, Tallahatchie, Carroll, Yazoo, Warren, Claiborne, Jefferson, and Adams Cos. Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. Illinois: St. Clair, Madison, and Union Cos. Habitat.—P. lapidaria is a more or less amphibious species. Prefers wet ground to actual immersion in water. Reported from a variety of habitats such as marshes, temporary pools on floodplains of small creeks, grassy hummocks in wet pastures, upland artesian fed marshes, and from fairly large rivers. Features common to all habitats are a moist substratum with sufficient sand to prevent the bottom from becoming mucky and an abundance of shade. Remarks. — P. lapidaria was found, in small numbers, at only one site in the study area. It is associated with several woodland species, indicating a moist woodland habitat. The pH of the water in which living forms are found varies from 7.5 to 8.0 (Clark, 1961 p. 22 2 “— Occurrence. — Locality 8. Measurements of Pomatiopsis lapidaria in m ao. ; Shell Aperture | STEEL Es Height Width H/W Height Width H/\ Whorls 8 5.54 2.56 2 1.61 5 TED 8 4.90 2.41 2.03 1.48 itpalal 1.34 1/8 8 7.86 3.36 2 1.88 4 Lee 5/8 Subclass EUTHYNEURA Spengel Order PULMONATA Cuvier Suborder BASOMMA'TOPHORA Family LYMNAEIDAE Broderick Genus FOSSARIA Westerlund, 1885 Fossaria dalli (Baker) Pl 15) figs 1 Lymnaea parva Baker, 1905, Nautilus, vol. 19, No. 5, p. 52 (not of Lea). Fossaria dalli Baker, 1906, Hlinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bull., vol. 7, p. 104. Fossaria dalli Baker, Baker, 1928, Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur., Bull. 70, pt. 1, pp. 288, 289, pl. 16, fig. 11. tm) Description. — Shell ovate-conic, thin, shiny, slender, translu- 264 BULLETIN 241 cent; spire turreted with obtuse apex; nucleus smooth, small, flatly rounded; color white to yellowish white; whorls 4-41, shouldered, all except smooth protoconch marked by closely set, sometimes wrinkled growth striae; sutures impressed; aperture elongate ovate; outer lip sharp, inner lipeerect, reflected over umbilical opening, closely appressed at junction with parietal wall. Geologic range. — Pliocene to Recent. Recent distribution. — Ohio to northern Michigan and Mon- tana, south to Kansas and Arizona. Fossil distribution. — Pliocene — Oklahoma: Beaver Co. Kansas: Seward and Meade Cos: Pleistocene — Nebraskan or Aftonian faunas — Nebraska: Brown Co, Kansas: Kingman Co. Aftonian faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Kansan faunas — Texas: Knox Co. [linoian (?) faunas — Okla- homa: Caddo and Canadian Cos. Sangamon faunas — Kansas: Meade Co. Texas: Foard Co. Wisconsin faunas — Illinois: Carroll, Bureau, Fulton, Tazewell, McLean, Brown, and Pike Cos. Okla- homa (Wisconsin or Ilinoian?) : Harper Co, ‘Texas: Hardeman Co. Utah: Co? Kentucky: Fulton and Henderson Cos. C-14 dated records — Texas: Dallas Co., slightly more than 37,000 years B. P., Denton Co., 28,840 years B. P. and Motley Co., 31,400 = 5,600 years Bake Habitat. — Inhabits wet marshy places, generally out of the water, on sticks, stones, or muddy flats. Remarks. — Fossaria dalli is the smaller, longer ranging (Plio- cene to Recent) Fossaria of the two recovered in this study. I. dalli and I’. obrussa decampi (Streng) were not found in association or even at the same locality. F. dalli is a semiaquatic species, often found out of water. Taylor (1960, p. 55) stated, “In northern Nebraska it was found in seepage areas, in the water or in wet leaves or debris at the water’s edge.” F. obrussa decampi, however, lives in small bodies of water. Lymnaea turritella Leonard was originally distinguished from I. dalli by its somewhat greater size and more slender form. Taylor (1960, p. 94) stated, “Comparison of a large series of topotypes with other large series of similar fossils from Pliocene and Pleistocene de- posits, and with Recent specimens in the U.S. National Museum WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 265 identified by F. C. Baker, shows that these differences are not con- stant.” The descriptions and illustrations are based on long, nar- row specimens of F. dalli. Specimens of F. dalli described here represent typical F. dalli as conceived by Baker and similar specimens catalogued in the U.S. National Museum listed by Taylor (1960, p. 55). Occurrence. — Locality 4. Measurements of Fossaria dalli inmm. = 5 Shell Aperture ma | Beene Height Width H/W | Height width H/w_ | Whorls 4 Dap Dislts) mtn 2 0s 1.95 LAAs, 7 ZA 41/2 4 4.36 Del5e ©2003 1.74 1p OB) 9) ele? 41/4 4 3.96 2.08 1.90 1.88 ibaa 1.56 4 1/2 Fossaria obrussa decampi (Streng) Pl. 15, fig. 4 Limnaea desidiosa var. decampi Streng, 1906, Nautilus, vol. 9, No. 11, p. 123, text = ee obrussa decampi (Streng), Baker, 1928, Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur., Bull. 70, pt. 1, pp. 299-301. Description. — Shell solid, subconic; spire short and turreted; color brown; whorls 4-44, convex, increasing noticeably in size, shouldered near the suture, body whorl large, swollen, flattened near the middle; surface sculptured by fine growth striae, spiral striae present on some specimens, notably on the body whorl; aper- ture elongate, elliptical, rounded at base, making a shoulder at junc- tion with body whorl; peristome sharp, inner margin narrowly re- flected over open umbilical chink, not much appressed at junction with parietal wall, lower half erect. Geologic range. — Wisconsin to Recent. Recent distribution. — Maine west to Wisconsin, northern Michigan south to northern Illinois. Fossil distribution. — Pleistocene — Wisconsin faunas — Ohio: Ross, Franklin, Logan, Stark, and Erie Cos. Indiana: Steuben Co. Illinois: Tazewell, Mc- Lean, and Menard Cos. Wisconsin: Langlade, Marinette, Oconto, and Waupaca Cos. Kentucky: Henderson Co. Habitat. — Lives in small bodies of water such as creeks, ponds, sloughs, bays, and marshy spots along river banks. The water is shal- 266 BULLETIN 241 low and the bottom of soft, sticky mud filled with algae. F. obrussa decampi is found on sticks, stones, and other debris in the water or along its edge. Remarks. —Specimens of F. obrussa decampi recovered are small, with a maximum of 414 whorls. Shell dimensions for this number of whorls compares favorably with larger five-whorled specimens described by Baker (1928, p. 300) . This species is distinct with its turreted spire, shouldered whorls and the manner in which the outer lip is arched at its junc- tion with the body whorl. Occurrence. — Localities 8, 9. Measurements of Fossaria obrussa decampi in mm. - Shell nes) Ca Aperture — i i aed | Height Width H/W | Height width n/w | Wrorls 8 3.22 2108) 2) 1455 ie 28°" 1hn36 3 3/4 8 4.82 52058" 1-58 2.48 1.61 1.54 4 1/2 9 5.89 3.55 1.66 2.98 1.88 5 4 1/2 9 4.30 he hee BOS B22 1.54 1.44 4 9 4.19 2:84 esa l48 3.62 1.54 , 2.35 4 1/4 9 5.40 3.00 1.80 2.70 L360, <-1369) cee REFERENCES Archer, A. F. 1948. Land snails of the genus Stenotrema in the Alabama Region. Geol. Sur. Alabama, Museum Paper 28, pp. 1-85, 10 pls. Baker, F. C. 1927. Description of new forms of Pleistocene land mollusks from Illinois with remarks on other species. Nautilus vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 114-120. 1928. The fresh water Mollusca of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur., Bull. 70, pt. 1, Gastropoda, i- xvii, pp. 1-507, 28 pls., 202 figs. 1935. Land and freshwater Mollusca from North Star Lake and vicinity, Itasca County, Minnesota. Amer. Mid]. Nat., vol. 16, pp. 257-274, figs. l=72 1939. Fieldbook of Illinois land snails. Wlinois Nat. Hist. Sur. Div., Man. 2, 166 pp., 200 figs. Branson, B. A., Taylor, J., and Taylor, C. 1962. A Pleistocene local fauna from Caddo and Canadian Cos., Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geol. Sur., vol. 22, No. 11, pp. 280-295. Browne, R. G., and McDonald, Donald 1960. Wisconsin molluscan faunas from Jefferson County, Kentucky. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 41, No. 189, pp. 161-183, pls. 21, 22. Burch, J. B. 1962. How to know the eastern land snails. Wim. C. Brown Co., Pub- lishers, pp. 1-214, figs. 1-519. Call, R. E. 1900. A descriptive illustrated Catalogue of the Mollusca of Indiana. Dept. Geol. Nat. Res., Indiana, 24th Ann. Rept. pp. 335-535, 78 pls. 1959. Handbook of gastropods in Kansas. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ., No. 20, pp. 1-244. WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 267 Cheatum, E. J., and Allen, Don 1965. Pleistocene land and fresh water mollusks from North Texas. Sterkiana, No. 18, pp. 1-16, 2 pls. Clark, A. L. 1961. Pleistocene molluscan faunas of the Castalia deposit, Erie Co., Ohio., Sterkiana, No. 3, pp. 19-39, 10 figs. Conkin, J. E., and Conkin, B. M. 1962. Pleistocene Berclair Terrace of Medio Creek, Bee Co., Texas. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petro. Geol., vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 344-353, 2 pls. Franzen, D. S., and Leonard, A. B. 1947. Fossil and living Pupillidae (Gastropoda-Pulmonata) in Kansas. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. vol. 31, pt. 2, No. 15, pp. 311-399, pls. 17-22, 15 figs., 1 table. Frye, J. C., and Leonard, A. B. 1952. Pleistocene geology of Kansas. Kansas Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 99, pp. 1-230, 19 pls. Getz, Lowell L., and Hibbard, Claude M. 1965. A molluscan faunule from the Seymour Formation of Baylor and Knox Counties, Texas. Papers Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts Letters, vol. i) (1964) pp: 275-297, 1 pl. 3: tables, 1 fig. Hibbard, C. W., and Taylor, D. W. 1960. Two late Pleistocene faunas from southwestern Kansas. Contrib. Mus. Paleont. Univ. of Michigan, vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 1-223, 16 pls., 18 figs. Hubricht, L. 1961. Land snails from the loess of Mississippi. Sterkiana, No. 3, pp. 11-14. 1962a. Land snails from the Pleistocene of southern Texas. Sterkiana, No. 7, pp. 1-3. 1962b. Land snails from the loess in the vicinity of New Harmony, Posey Co., Indiana. Sterkiana, No. 7, pp. 3-4. 1962c. Pleistocene land snails of southern Mississippi and adjacent Louisiana. Sterkiana, No. 8, pp. 1-10. 1963. Some Succineidae, with a new species. Nautilus., vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 135-138, 1 fig. 1964a. Some Pleistocene land snail records from Missouri and_ Illinois. Sterkiana, No. 13, pp. 7-17. 1964b. Pleistocene land snails from the talus of Kentucky and Tennessee. Sterkiana, No. 16, pp. 3-4. 1965. Pleistocene land snails from Muddy Creek, Mississippi. Sterkiana, Nos 1/7; p..6: La Rocque, Aurele 1963. Late Cenozoic non-marine molluscan associations in eastern North America. Sterkiana, No. 11, pp. 1-50. La Rocque, A., and Conley, J. F. 1956. Two Pleistocene molluscan faunules from Hunters Run, Fairfield Co., Ohio. Ohio Jour. Sci., vol. 56, pp. 325-328, 1 fig. Lee, C. B. 1951. The molluscan family Succineidae in Michigan. Considerations of anatomy, early embryology, and_ distribution. Unpublished Doctor's Dissertation. Univ. Michigan, pp. 1-269. Leonard, A. B. 1950. A Yarmouthian molluscan fauna in the Midcontinent Region of the United States. Univ. Kansas Paleont. Contr., Mollusca, Art. 3, pp. 1-48, 6 pls., 4 figs. 1952. Illinoian and Wisconsinan molluscan faunas in Kansas. Univ. Kan- sas Paleont. Contr. Mollusca, Art. 4, pp. 1-38, 5 pls., 15 figs. 268 BULLETIN 241 Leonard, A. B., and Franzen, D. S. 1944. Mollusca of the Laverne Formation (lower Pliocene) of Beaver Co., Oklahoma: Kansas, Univ. Sci. Bull., vol. 30, pp. 15-39. Leonard, A. B., and Frye, J. C. 1960. Wisconsin molluscan faunas of the Illinois valley region. linois State Geol. Sur., Cir. 304, pp. 1-32, 4 pls., 3 figs. Miles, C. D. 1958. The fossil Succineidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in Kansas. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., Vol. 38, pp. 1499-1543, 1 pl., 10 figs. Miller, O. F. 1773, 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium seu animalium Infu- soriorum, Helminthicorum et Testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. . . Two vols., Harniae and Lipsiae. Oughton, J. 1948. A zoogeographical study of the land snails of Ontario. Univ. Toronto Studies, Biol. Ser., No. 57, i-xi, pp. 1-128, 2 tables. Pilsbry, H. A. 1940. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Mon. No. 3, vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 574-994, figs. 378-580. 1946. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Mon. No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 1, pp. 1-520, figs. 1-281. 1948. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Mon. No. 3, vol. 2, pt. 2, pp. 521-1113, figs. 282-585. Roscoe, E. J. 1961. Preliminary checklist of Lake Bonneville Mollusca. Sterkiana, No. 4, pp. 23-28. 1963. Stratigraphic Summary of Quaternary Bonneville Basin Mollusca. Sterkiana, No. 9, pp. 1-23. Roy, E. C. 1962. Molluscan faunas of the Gunnison Reservoir Deposit, Sanpete Co., Utah. Sterkiana, No. 6, pp. 5-13. 1963. Checklist of Pleistocene and living Mollusca of Wisconsin. Sterkiana, No. 10, pp. 5-21. 1964. Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca of northeastern Wisconsin. Ster- kiana, No. 15, pp. 5-75, 19 pls. Shimek, B. 1904. Helicina occulta Say. Davenport Acad. Sci., Proc. vol. 9, pp. 173- 180. 1920. Further notes on Helicina occulta Say. Yowa Acad. Sci., Proc. 26, pp. 385-390. Sterki, V. 1920. Marl deposits in Ohio and their fossil Mollusca. Ohio Jour. Sci., vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 173-184. Taylor, D. W. 1960. Late Cenozoic molluscan faunas from the High Plains. U.S. Geol. Sur. Prof. Paper No. 337, pp. 1-94, 4 pls., 2 figs. Tuthill, S. J., Laird, W. M., and Frye, C. I. 1964. Fossil molluscan fauna from the upper terrace of the Cannonball River, Grant Co., North Dakota. Proc. North Dakota Acad. Sci., vol. 18, pp. 140-156, 5 figs., 4 tables. van der Schalie, Henry 1939. Hendersonia occulta (Say) in Michigan; Its distribution, ecology, and geological significance. Univ. Michigan Press, No. 399, pp. 1-8. Wayne, W. J. 1959. Inland mollusks from Hudson Bay, Manitoba. Nautilus, vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 90-95, 1 pl., 2 tables. 1963. Geology of Marion County, Indiana. Indiana Geol. Sur., Bull. 28, pp. 40-46. PLATES 270 Figure I. 2, 3, 14. Goi. 15-17. 18-20. 21-23. 24-26. BULLETIN 241 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 15 All magnifications approximate Page Fossaria dalli (Baker) _ 263 Apertural view. No. 27576 PRI; X 8; locality 4. Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb) 235 Umbilical, spiral and apertural views respectively. No. 27577 PRI; X 8; locality 4. Fossaria obrussa decampi (Streng) “a 20D Apertural view. No. 27578 PRI; X 8; locality 8. Gastrocopta armifera (Say) Pa henee Pils 5 pee rates Tree ae 74: Apertural view No. 27579 PRI; X 8; locality 8. Discus cronkhitei catskillensis Pilsbry wee Oe Apertural and spiral views respectively. No. 27580 PRI; both X 8; locality 5. Pomatiopsis lapidaria (Say) 262 Apertural view. No. 27581 PRI; X 4; locality 8. . Vallonia albula Sterki . 257 Spiral and umbilical views respectively. No. 97582 PRI; both X 8; locality 6. . Retinella indentata Say PaPAT | Spiral, umbilical and apertural views respectively. No. 27583 PRI; all X 8; locality 9. Helicodiscus parallelus (Say) . is 238 Spiral umbilical and apertural views respectively. No. 27584 PRI: all X 8; locality 9. Anquispira alternata (Say) Oe Apertural umbilical and spiral views respectively. No. 97585 PRI: all xX. 15> locality. -4: Zonitoides arboreus (Say) 0... Bcaiaea OU Spiral, umbilical and apertural views respectively. No. 27586 PRI; all X 8; locality 4. Haplotrema concavum (Say) ete PV! Umbilical, spiral and apertural views respectively. No. 27587 PRI; all X 2; locality 4. Buu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 54 PLATE 15 Buu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 54 PLATE 16 WISCONSIN MOLLUSKS: BROWNE AND BRUDER 271 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 16 All magifications approximate Figure Page 1-3. Stenotrema leai (Binney) . s fa ane Pe eh . 218 Umbilical, apertural and spiral \ views respectively. No. 27588 PRI; 1 X 3, 2 and 3 X 8; locality 8. 4-6. Euconulus fulvus (Miiller) .. Sea Atot OA: Apertural, spiral and umbilical views respectively. No. 27589 PRI; all X 8; locality 6. 7-9. Stenotrema barbatum (Clapp) ............ ete 215 Spiral, umbilical and apertural views respectively. No. 27590 PRI; all X 3; locality 2. 10-12. Mesodon elevatus (Say) ....... ma Ho OG ‘OnE Apertural, umbilical and spiral views respectively. No. 27591 PRI; all X 1; locality 4. 13> ear endersoniavocculta: (Say)t coerce recs ce cent eee cece el 260 Apertural, umbilical and spiral views respectively. No. 27592 PRI: all X 4. locality 4. 16-18. Hawaiia minuscula (Binney) ...................cccccccccccccccccceceseesenssececseeeees 228 Spiral, apertural and umbilical views respectively. No. 27593 PRI; all X 8; locality 7. 19-21. Triodopsis multilineata (Say) 20.0 ececcee cece 220 Spiral, umbilical and apertural views respectively. No. 27594 PRI; all X 1.25; locality 9. Photographs retouched. 22-24. Strobilops labyrinthica (Say) oo. a veces Dae Umbilical, spiral and apertural views respectively. No. 27595 PRI; all X 8; locality 8. 25-27. Nesovitrea binneyana (Morse) . ee TS me: 226 Apertural, spirai and umbilical views “respectively. No. 27596 PRI; all X 8; locality 3. O72) BULLETIN 241 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 17 All magnifications approximate Tigure Page 1. Vertigo hubrichti Pilsbry ......... La, eee 253 Apertural view. No. 27597 PRI; X 16; locality 5. 2. Vertigo gouldi (Binney) 251 Apertural view. No. 27598 PRI; X 16; locality 9. 3. Gastrocopta tappaniana (C. B. Adams) ...... . 248 2) Apertural view. No. 27 599 PRI; X 16; locality 2. 4. Columella alticola (Ingersoll) . PE SEY D2 SI 255 Apertural view. No. 27600 PRI; X 16; locality 5. 5-7. Carychium exile camadense Clapp 00......cccceecccccceeeeeceteeee. 259 Apertural, side and columellar plate views respectively. 5. No. 27601 PRI; X 16; locality 9. 6. No. 27601A PRI, broken to show expanded and downward bent columellar lamella; X 16; locality 9. 7. No. 27601B PRI, showing strong, downbending, columellar lamella with whorls broken off; X 16; locality 9. 8. Gastrocopta contracta (Say) . ee X 4!) Apertural view. No. 27602 PRI: x 16: locality 9. 9. Vertigo modesta (Say) |. ee | as eee 254 Apertural view. No. 27603 PRI; X 16; locality 8. 10:11: Succinea grosvenonri leas... =. ee ee ee er Apertural and side views respectively. No. 27604 PRI; X 3.75; locality 5. 12-14. Punctum minutissimum (Lea) |. Re aceon Cc) Apertural, umbilical and side views respectively. ‘No. 27605 PRI; X 16; locality 8. 15,16. Succinea gelida (F. C. Baker) z eee en, CE 243 Apertural and side views respectively. No. 27606 PRI; X_ 6; locality 8. 17,18. Deroceras laeve Muller a HR a dace tees Ce es Pee eee eo Dorsal and ventral views respectively. No: 27607 PRI: “Xo216: locality 9. BuLu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 54 PLATE 17 INDEX A IAGAamMSt Cave 248 aenigma, Deroceras CE ees het reat 233 albula, Vallonia ...15 200, 205, 207, 257, 258 Allen} Dont. 213° 227,236 alternata, Anguispira ..........15 203, 204, 207, 234, 235 alticola, Columella 17 200, 210, 213, 255-258 Ancey,. C-Mi-Hys a. 223 Anguispira .................. 200, 203, 204, 207, 234, 235 arboreus, Zonitoides ............ 15 200, 228. 230, 231, 245 Ar cChermeAth wet alos Lona, 219 armifera, Gas- trOCOptaan..... 15 200, 246, 247 Atherton Formation . 194-199 avara: Succinea: «2... 242 B Bakery Hei Cre ees. 213725221, 265 bakeri, Succinea ....... 243 barbatum, Stenotrema .......... 16 200, 215, 217 binneyana, Nesovitrea ......... 16 200, 205, 210, 226-228 Browne RiGee. 219, 257 BRUCEI eee 191 Cc @allPOR Bis eee concn 215 Carychium = 2005202, 203; 211, 259, 260 Cheatum@bindyy 1... PAB PPA a10) GlarkecA. Wey cc ees 215, 263 Columella: .f....00.5.... . 200, 202, 203, 211, 259, 260 concavum, Haplotrema ....... 15 200, 222, 223, 235, 240 Conklin, J. E. and Barbara Veo ss oes 213 Conley-s J... 233 contracta, Gastrocopta ......17 200, 250 cronkhitei, Discus 200-204, 235, 237, 238 cronkhitei catskil- lensis, Discus ......15 200, 207, 236- 238 D dalli, Fossaria 15 200, 203, 205, 263-265 Deroceras 200, 203, 211, 232203 Discus 200-205, 207, 235-238 E electrina, Neso- vitrea 227, 245 elevatus, Mesodon .... 16 200, 219, 235 Euconulus 200, 202, 203, 20542075 2iles 224, 225 exile canadense, Carychiumy ~<:. 2217-200; 202; 203; 211, 259, 260 F Fossaria 2008203420" 263-266 Pranzeni,, 9: aes. 215:252, fraternum, Steno- COM dae: eee 219 RV Cts Cer eee DISS 22202 20e 235 fulvus, Euconulus 16 200, 202, 203, 205, 207, 213, 224, 225 G Gastrocopta wees. 200, 246-251 gelida, Succinea ....17 200, 201, 242- 244 Getz, Lowell L. 213 17 200, 203, 205, 211, 251, 252 gouldi, Vertigo .... gouldi paradoxa, Vertigo 254 gracilicosta, Vallonia 258 grosvenorl, Succinea ..... 17 203, 241-243 273 Haplotrema ............. Hawaiia oe Helicodiscus Hendersonia Hibbard, C. W. hirsutum, Steno- trema hirsutum, yarmouth- ensis, Polygyra . Hubrieht. L572 INDEX 200, 204, 222- 224, 235, 240 200, 205, 228 200, 210, 238, 239 200, 202, 203, 205, 207, 260 213, 252, 258 216, 217 216, 217 213, 236-238, 242-244 hubrichti, Vertigo 17 200, 204, 253, indentata, Retin- ella labyrinthica, Strobilops laeve, Deroceras . Laird, W. M. lapidaria, Poma- tropsis La Rocque, Aurele Laverne Formation leai, Stenotrema leai, aliciae, Stenotrema Lee, C. B. F Leonard, A. B. Lymnaea M McDonald, Donald Meade Formation . Mesodon ...... Miles, C. D. minuscula, Hawaiia minutissimum, Punctum modesta, Vertigo 294 15 200,227, 228 200, 244 17 200, 203, 205, 211, 232, 233 213 15 200, 262, 263 . 191, 213, 233 231 200, 218 219 241 .. 202, 213, 219, 222, 227, 231, 235 264 .. 200, 204, 219, 235 241 Lise 6 200, 205, 228 ... 17 200, 204, 207, 210, 240, 241 17 200, 203, 204, 207, 254, 255, 258 multilineata, Triodopsis .......... 16 200, 211, 220- 222, 235 multilineata algon- quinensis, Triodopsis D2 222 N Nesovitrea . 2005205; 210; 226-228, 245 nylanderi, Vertigo 254 fe) obrussa decampi, Hossariave a. 15 200, 211, 264- 266 occulta, Hender- sonla ...16 200, 202, 203, 205, 207, 260 Oughton, J. ster De 249252 ovalis, Succinea ........ 242 ovata’ Verticow.... 2 249 Pp parallelus, Helicodiscus ........15 200, 210, 238, 239 paucilirata, Retinella ............ 228 pentodon, Gastro- COptal Se. ee eee. 249 Physa Eee Me eee 228 Pilsbry. HH. Aq. = alo loa: 230, 236, 243, 247, 249, 258, 262 Pomatiopsis .. 200, 211, 262, 263 Punctum ... .. 200, 204, 207, 210, 240, 241 R Retinella . cncee CAV RAPA APRS Roscoe, E. J. ..: 21 IRON OG Cope nceran 213 S Schott, Virginia .......... 191 Shimek- gba eens 222, 261 sparsicostata, Strobilops .. ee 245 Stenotrema fe 200) 2154216: 218, 219 274 Sterki, V. Ve Stone, Charles ........ Strobilopsie.. 2 Succinea tappaniana, Gastro- CODA = eae Taylor, D. W. Taylor, J., and Taylor. C. PriGdOpsisy :i)5.0:.4%-.. Tuthill, S. J. .... 200, 205, 240, INDEX 233, 249 191 244, 245 200-204, 241- 244 17 200, 248, 249 213, 252, 258, 264 213 ... 200, 211, 220- 222, 235 213 bo Vallonia Van der Schalie, Henry Vertigo Wayne, W. J. . Zonitoides nN 200, 205, 207, 257, 258 261 200, 203-205, 207, 211, 249, 251-255, 258 191, 200, 244 200, 228, 230, 231, 245 7 - i : e : 7 - - a an Di a ~~ a Sieh wd a 4: 2 XL. XLI. XLVII. XLVIII. XLIXx. Volume I. II. Il. EV. VI. 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