AAEM LEE LOCALE 5 sy Za ty Ce Me GA; tity ty ty tp tj a ty Gy \\ , wy Gy ttt Zs ee Lie St ty Gy \ sy Luge Z ty) tty ty tj ey a NA \ \ \\ \\ \\ << WS \ ~~ \ A \ NS A ~ AK A > { \\ \\ _ \ \ \ \ AK \ OY AQ A te ere = eee f vy 1 rs ig ‘ f ; wee ny pee « a ee 7 4 1 i : ( i Aree | : ryt t ve } , f Jy Oy i A iy 4 y . { A ; t w 1 " ¥ k 1 \ i poy Voter kare. i yi Vanes Ge Ma a yee SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bu.uetin 170 LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS OF PREY (PART:2) ORDERS FALCONIFORMES AND STRIGIFORMES BY ARTHUR CLEVELAND BENT Taunton, Massachusetts UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1938 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - - - - Price 60 cents ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec- tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scien- tific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con- tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoologi- eal groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. The present work forms No. 170 of the Bulletin series. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. Wasuineton, D. C., June 1, 1988. II CONTENTS Page fmErocuehione = Aetna ls Ee SP beet ee ea MISA Lg vil roe eALCONIFORMBSs522<62<24-sssaeeseeeneceeee sees SAMANMAE 1 Family Falconidae: Caracaras and falcons--_-------------------------- 1 Faleo rusticolus candicans: White gyrfaleon______----__-.--_----_- 1 [al bits@ as Hie ee Ne Sea es Pe ace SUE. 1 DIStrDUbIONS sae eee eS See eee ee ae Se ae a Ae OLD 9 Falco rusticolus obsoletus: Black gyrfalcon____----.--------------- 10 Habits! 2-2-- sce ocean eo Sec eee Ee ETE RRC Oe 10 Falco rusticolus uralensis: Asiatic gyrfalcon____-_----------------- 15 (la bitSee cee ae ee ote ee ae eh ee a Sa oe 15 alco mexicanus: Prairie falcon G2s2te seal eee Sete oe 18 Eabiisme eae a oe eee tere See ae eae eee NERD 18 Distributions Sse eet Sot See ae ee ee oc MA 40 Falco peregrinus peregrinus: Peregrine faleon__-__---------------- 42 Paleo peregrinus‘anatum:,Duek hawks 22. .2<-=-----.<.-ShuiL _ _ 43 SUNG Sete enter ree re eS eee ec: eet es a LORE ERR 43 Distributions. 2 6 Sees See: a epee 64 Falco perserinus pealei: ._Peale’s faleon.._._ .......-.---.---@Uiwui.- 67 labitsest. 212 Seen ite Mee Ree A UE ee dL eRe Es 67 Faleo columbarius columbarius: Eastern pigeon hawk_-_-_----------- 70 Palate cto ie ol a nes Jal ei anion at etm esn | joey ey 70 Distributions =se eo ae eae ee ee eee Le CU ee 80 Falco columbarius suckleyi: Black pigeon hawk------------------- 83 Habits® =... fae batios nisdtiey 22ers. el eee yoy 2 83 Falco columbarius richardsoni: Richardson’s pigeon hawk - ~-- ~~~ ~~~ 86 Fabitshccs.. + eho Webs eeenipay tetany ejiet abn 86 Faleo columbarius bendirei: Western pigeon hawk-_---------------- 89 ianihe ee AE DRE) CRT EE ALT See 89 Halcovaesalonsacsalonss Merling 229252852265 ose ee eso eee 8 90 TB gai) OST sy le Os a ST oS Se ag cs epee be ons Bd oA See 91 Distribution —. oo. eee See. eRe eer ech ret ioe 95 Falco fusco-coerulescens septentrionalis: Aplomado faleon_-_---~ ~~ ~~~ 96 Mabitss 225-2 tre pe eta Aor) ceils erinby: arse rr ate ee 96 Distrib ubione soe See Rie th fee Ne oe oe 98 Falco mimnunculus tinnunculus: Kestrel-.-.--..- -_-_stus2s2el2_- 99 Habiteeso ok ootusiiive Saale wreath: lem. sata? wiutelatee 100 ALE) Tes Gazyalbo es CO Teepe eee ee he eee YE Te 105 Falco sparverius sparverius: Eastern sparrow hawk-_-_-------------- 106 AFT bse eee ae es ae ce et ee AES 106 Distros saute tse: tout beet re se teitty rage E 118 Falco sparverius phalaena: Desert sparrow hawk- ----------------- 121 Bist Suk atari e te | Tria tt beet 5 bet atiele i) 8 121 Falco sparverius peninsularis: San Lucas sparrow hawk- ----~------ 124 Habits Saree erat eee bet Swe sere ree cle oe eS 124 IV BULLETIN 170, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Family Faleconidae—Continued. Falco sparverius paulus: Little sparrow hawk_-_-_--------------_-_- Habits ee hoe oe ee ee ee Se eee eee Family Tytonidae:, Barn owls._-_.- ~ses2i434220 Bysshe Be eh aan Tyto alba pratincola: American barn owl__---------------------- Family Strigidae: ‘Typical owls. 4224. <5 203 See ee ee, Asio; wilsonianus: Long-eared owl_225) 4-22. 223). 2-4 Habits 2.22. 2-2 sn speds tie wii A. elem terse Supe ae Strix occidentalis occidentalis: California spotted owl____________-- Habits. <== .2 2) 22 2502.3 re ee ee Scotiaptex nebulosa nebulosa: Great gray owl_______------------- Plabits: 2222022 bees oo ase 2 See ie ake eee Cryptoglaux funerea magna: Tengmalm’s owl_______-------------- Habits. 2.2250 see ele he ee ee Cryptoglaux acadica brooksi: Queen Charlotte owl___.._-_--------- HHabitse 2 beef eA he a Eel ae Se eee open eas dy an CONTENTS Family Strigidae—Continued. Otus asio asio: Southern screech owl__._.----------------+---+----- Ha bits=2 cette ae ea A Mahe PE oS Distribution: — feces basen ee ok a phys ewe es or Dye ee ye Dk Otus asio floridanus: Florida screech owl__-_--------------------- MEDI ts eo eee i ee ee sre ea eres eae er es ee Seer eh @tusiasioumccalli: Texas screech owl-2- 2 22 a2 5 2s 525s. ee RGR tease a ee Ele Lr ee re A ad aes peed Pees Otus asio bendirei: California screech owl_----------------------- 1 8 (GN) ST eRe ie ee Se ee 8 ee ee ee ee eee Otus asio kennicotti: Kennicott’s screech owl______--------------- ia bits es oe ee ee et et Oe es ms heel SS Otus asio maxwelliae: Rocky Mountain screech owl_--------------- ab its 2m = ees epee es bt See ie eat a oe WS ee Otus asio cineraceus: Mexican screech owl____-_-_---------------- tbat ee ee ee ee et Senet ea ees i ot ee AS ee a ee Otusiasio aikeni: Aiken*’siscreechiowls22222-—2--_ 32-2 4 8e22 22s ai its aatnee erate eee pees a ees kha Le cee kee ae ee een ee Otus asio macfarlanei: MacFarlane’s screech owl___--------------- SR DGS eae ee ee eee AE ea ea ls eee a epee Otus asio hasbroucki: Hasbrouck’s screech owl______-------------- Habits. os Sates Maelo at eal apenas arse TA 2 Otus asio brewsteri: Brewster’s screech owl_________-------------- Higbitss =3.5 225 — e SG eee met een Saris bord als teyepa | detyes Eases. Otus.asio quercinus: Pasadena screech owl...._...-.-.--2.2-