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(Ti NVINOSHLINS S3IYWVYRaII NYVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN & OY, Ge SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS LIBRARIE “At SON) ) (gery 1’ LSNI LES .SNI LES LSNI 4 PaaS en ae a , 7 . ae } pA er umm ile “ee 1 at 4 | Ey. ra f1 pe U563. | CRLSSI | Bulletin 246 Catalog of Living Whales PHILIP HERSHKOVITZ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D.C. 1966 Errata Page 240, second column, third primary entry, should read: eurynome, Delphinus, 52, 53, 54 ad SMITHSONIAN INS TL YU TLON UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 WASHINGTON, D.C. 1966 » HESUED FEB 28 1966 nA th Oat ian 7 7 “A bi vey 7 i OR a” me ri Ka, ev ce an ar vn i! ie my “ fp pail bho ny a vy Laie 2 ye. 7 7 b ne mt i) ae. ie a | ii pr Pn a: 1 | ; siti bi . hi i io alba a ete if oo J oe i ne ie iy | ; Lc : a : MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Catalog Of Living Whales PHILIP HERSHKOVITZ Chicago Natural History Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, 1966 PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the fields of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. ‘These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, sepa- rate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. This work forms number 246 of the Bulletzn series. Frank A. TAYLOR Director, United States National Museum U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1966 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 — Price $1 (Paper Cover) CONTENTS Introduction . Class MAMMALIA: Order CETACEA Suborder Odontoceti Family Susuidae Pontoportia Gray P. blainvillec Gervais aati d ‘Or none Ina d@ Orbigny : I. geoffrensis Blainville . Lipotes Miller L. vexillifer Miller Susu Lesson . : S. gangetica Pebeck Family Delphinidae Steno Gray S'. bredanensis Lesson Sotalia Gray . : S'. fluviatilis Gervais aiid Dene: S. guianensis P. J. Van Bénéden S. brasiliensis E. Van Bénéden S'. chinensis Osbeck S'. borneensis Lydekker . S. lentiginosus Gray S. plumbea G. Cuvier S. teuszi Kikenthal va Stenella Gray (species arranged Alshabeteally S'. asthenops Cope . S'. clymene Gray S. coeruleoalbus Meyen . iS. crotaphiscus Cope . S. dubia G. Cuvier S. frontalis G. Cuvier S. graffman Loénnberg . S. longirostris Gray SS. malayana Lesson S. pernettyi Blainville Delphinus Linnaeus . : D. delphis delphis eens : D. delphis ponticus Barabash D. delphis bard Dall . Page DADNADNDDN 12 13 13 15 15 15 18 18 20 22 22 23 23 24 25 25 26 26 27. 31 ot 34 36 36 39 40 41 42 46 47 VI CONTENTS Suborder Odontoceti—Continued Family Delphinidae—Continued Page Purstaps Gervals oo. 6 se ste gerne ee) ee 47 T truncatus aduncus Ehrenberg... 7-2 & =) ea ee ee 48 T. truncatus truncatus Montagu. ...... 5. es ee 51 Peele all 2h sete ee. bel 1s eee 2s id Saeki 55 PsssodelpiusGloper (005.5. oss tr sees eee een a he 56 L. [peroni] peroni Lacépéde . . . .. . Era conan eye ue 56 E.[peront\ borealis Peale 1. > 410° %012 25 1 eee ee 59 Lavenodelphis | Fraset= 0): @25,s. tc Yo ee, Se ee : 59 Dosey Fraser ie) eo. bs eS eng ey er eee ae ys eae Do Lagenorhynchus Gray (species ee aaa > ha See 60 Lvacutus Gray o.2% 2 6 2% DMs hls) Se 60 Ealbirosinis Gray? fe. 10) Sete ee Gel PAE yeaa ae ee ae 62 L.cruced Quoy and iGaimard 24) 75 Bae ee 62 i celecira Gray (ise sted We Wey as st) Seta UM Zales ed 5. ee 69 DE loruciger|iobliguidens. Giallo O08) 98 Se ees ieee 70 Es thacalea Gray 3.0. GOR oe ee eos ee eee 71 Gephalorhyachus Grays) 3k kee OR Ee to et Bat eRe te Go commerson Teacépede ts, 2G. ese a eee ee ie GSeulropia Gray’ 5) SF ecko Wa aie SR oe Ge gee ae 74 Gi hectort Van Benéden® 00s \5 cn ny Gee es Se ee 75 CErav State MGT AY a, hei ee eee ney ea ae ee. a Oe en 76 Orcatlla Gray) 0 2 Shee eke BO eae. et Pc Sh een ne Ox breoirostris Gray oie. cbs) sek ee ee ee wt Pseudorca Reinhardt <4. 6. G2 5 5) oP a he ee 78 iP. crassidens ‘Owen 6. 40k kt ae 79 Orcinus Pitzinger! ek ee oS 2 EEN eS ee 81 OQ orca Vinnaeus 3 gy le 6 2 GO eo ee 82 Grampus Gray ..... Shee cd Rk RG ete oe ane 86 Gignseus'G. Cuvier 5: & a Rate ee Bee ee eee 87 Globicephala Lessony8 2.3 7.8 oS Be Se ee ee 90 Gy melacna: melaena Veaill: Pee ot G::melaena:stebolds Gray. = 3245 2 6 ee ee 97 PeresaiGrays = i) ote fs oY fea ale tia Bog oO ON, Sa Oe ee er 98 Ei vattenuataNGray’so50 3) 2 Road A ees i gene ee eee 98 Phocoena GoGuvier 5 2) 4) 24 Poko Bb Duk Gite P.spimpinnis Burmeister. < 502 5. 4 5.5 5 ee ee P. sinus Nogis‘and McFarland § . = 9%... 20) 2 J°e9o" 2) ee Pu dopinca Gahille: 2/5 5... c a Re Rs ee P.. phocpena Vinnaets' . . 2. ik } Aves oe hee eee Phocoenoides Andrews . °:.. = = 2s Moe Ae Se ee eee Pi dali True. & 205.2 & Ae Sea oes Neophocaena Palmer: © =)... ind See poe ee i S105 N. phocaenoides G. Cuvier... .. . iP ARe eat eect ce Ue Saeamee CL Family: Monodontidaé: .\ys..4 -.. 2 ee Deiplanabterus Lacépede:) .. 2 i eee ee ee ee ay SLOG Dleucas Pallasi 6 oe a eee 109 CONTENTS Suborder Odontoceti—Continued Family Monodontidae—Continued Monodon Linnaeus . M. monoceros Linnaeus Family Physeteridae . . Rogie Grayowcs io 6 dole K. breviceps Blainville . . Physeter Linnaeus P. catodon Linnaeus . Family Hyperoodontidae . Tasmacetus Oliver T. shepherdi Oliver Berardius Duvernoy ‘ B. [bairdi| arnuxt Duvernoy ro B. [bairdi] bairdt Stejneger . . 2 .. . Mesoplodon Gervais . Mi bidens SOWELDY “is. iss ws «) 2 oe a aS VE. europaeus Gerval8; ss 6 3 os es Momus Tree. 6 ge ss os M. grayi Haast ; M. ginkgodens Nishiwaki and Kamiya M. layardi Gray M. densirostris Blainville . M. stejnegert True M. bowdoin Andrews . M. carlhubbsi Moore. . Kiphius G. Cuvier X. cavirostris G. Cuvier Hyperoodon Lacépéde H. planifrons Flower H. ampullatus Forster Suborder Mysticeti Family Eschrichtidae Eschrichtius Gray . ‘ E. gibbosus Erxleben Hamily Balaenopteridae =. 2. 5 6 a bie ee aS Balaenoptera Lacépéde : B. acutorostrata Deeeoede B. edeni Anderson B. borealis Lesson . B. physalus Linnaeus B. musculus Linnaeus Megaptera Gray M. novaeanghae Borowski ......... Family Balaenidae Gaberea Gray meee ic guise eye eo Oy 18 aie A DL ar ‘ GoMAle Maran GlaViins hic, kee bes, a NSN Es kon ede. done ceyeest! 5 S218), ie)” je 10 Page Ad 112 113 113 113 15 116 122 122 122 122 123 124 125 127 129 130 130 132 133 134 135 136 136 137 138 142 144 146 149 149 149 149 151 151 153 158 160 163 170 176 Aig 183 183 184 VIII CONTENTS Suborder Mysticeti—Continued Family Balaenidae—Continued Eubalaena Gray Paes E. glacialis australis Desmoulins y E. glacialis glacialis Miiller . E. glacialis japonica Lacépéde . Balaena Linnaeus bee B. mysticetus Linnaeus . Incertae sedis Pe eae a oe Glossary of cetacean vernacular names . Selected ee. Index . Page 185 186 190 92) 193 194 194 200 222, 227 Catalog of Living Whales | A Wl iy Et a a ny i. ce as 7 7 A) My Wily 1 a ry, ek Introduction This catalog was originally designed as a checklist of the cetaceans of South American waters only. It was clear from the start, however, that comparable limitations could not be imposed on the range of the literature to be consulted. It was also evident that a surprisingly small percentage of living species of marine cetaceans are unknown from South American and Antarctic seas. With nearly all the essential literature at hand, it was decided to include the extraterritorial forms and make the catalog world- wide in scope. Virtually all original published records of the occurrence of cetaceans in the rivers, on the coasts, islands, and continental shelves of South America have been consulted and are cited herein. Bibliographic refer- ences to species or specimens recorded from other waters have been restricted to original descriptions of named forms, critical taxonomic revisions, marginal locality records, and some of the outstanding or interesting research on the biology of whales. Except for a few important works, commercial, statistical, and popular accounts of whales are not cited in this catalog. Submitted in May 1962, revised and brought up to date in December 1964, the paper has had final additions of new taxonomic and distributional data entered in March 1965. My sincere appreciation is expressed to the late Mrs. Marion Grey and Mrs. Eugenie Bernhoff Jang for translations of the Russian cetological literature consulted by me and to Miss Pearl Sonoda for translations of Japanese works. My heartfelt thanks to Dr. Jack Fooden, who, in com- muting between the Chicago Natural History Museum and the University of Chicago, never failed to bring me needed reference works from the magnificent libraries of the latter institution. To Dr. Joseph Curtis Moore, my gratitude for valuable suggestions. Preparation of the manuscript was aided by grants (G~-10753 and GB-2059) from the National Science Foundation. NoMENCLATURE.—The first attempt in the last 100 years to critically examine and evaluate the nomenclatorial status and zoological applica- bility of every scientific name proposed for living whales is made in this catalog. The few original descriptions not seen but cited perforce are noted accordingly. Problems in nomenclature have been decided on the basis of the Inter- national Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1961) with the as yet un- published interpretations and amendments adopted by the XVI Interna- tional Congress held 1963 in Washington, D.C. Article 23(4), or the so-called 50-year rule of the present Code, is am- 3 4 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 biguous and leads to confusion and dissension rather than to the stability and universality of zoological nomenclature its designers envisioned. Other methods for the conservation of well-known and widely used zoological names are provided by the Code but are hardly needed for animal groups that have been studied thoroughly and that have had their literature and nomenclature repeatedly reviewed. On the other hand, application of a law of conservation or limitation to groups such as the cetaceans, with the taxonomy of most of their genera and species provisional and their nomenclature correspondingly fluid, not only restricts freedom of zoological thought but also tends to spawn new problems for every one it purports to solve. The bulk of modern cetological literature is nontaxonomic; the authors tend to accept uncritically the scientific names they find in compiled regional checklists and catalogs. For example, all compilers of current checklists of mammals cite the universally used generic names Delphin- apterus, Hyperoodon, and Balaenoptera from Lacépéde’s classic ‘Histoire Naturelle des Cétacées,”’ published 1804, yet fail to recognize the clearly described, fully documented, and figured Delphinus nesarnack (= Tursiops truncatus) in the same book. Similarly, it is difficult to comprehend why compilers categorize Dioplodon europaeus Gervais (= Mesoplodon europaeus= Nodus europaeus) as a nomen nudum in a work of one date and then ignore a valid proposal of the same name by the same author in a subsequent work, which they cite for other names, including Turstops Gervais. In the same vein, modern compilers cite Mesoplodon Gervais from one opus and Dioplodon Gervais from a later one, when both names are proposed properly a few lines apart on the same page of the first work, with Dzoplodon taking precedence. In any case, the two names are antedated by Nodus Wagler, which all modern compilers cite as a synonym of Hyperoodon Lacépéde while they treat its type species as a junior synonym of Mesoplodon bidens Sowerby. Compilers who actually consult the works they cite could hardly be guilty of such carelessness and _ oversight. Present rules of nomenclature, specifically Article 23(b) of the Interna- tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature, condone and even favor what should be condemned as careless and bad nomenclatorial practices. For example, one or two, rarely as many as three, specialists during each of the last five or six generations have been interested particularly in the system- atics of beaked whales. The results of most of these workers’ efforts are preserved in arm-long synonymies. One of the effects of Article 23(b) is to permit each succeeding generation of workers to coin for itself a new set of technical names or to use whatever older designations are most convenient to a particular worker. Thus, there are 14 generic names for beaked whales currently assigned to Mesoplodon. According to present rules, two are junior homonyms and not available. Four are objective synonyms of Mesoplodon, two of them senior synonyms, but none are avail- CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 5 able under Article 23(5). Two others (one invalid) are cited as generic or subgeneric names for species densirostris but are not available under this article. Still another pair are valid but not available under the article as generic or subgeneric names for Jayardi. Similarly, one generic name for europaeus and another for grayz are valid but not available. In sum, this generation of specialists may erect a new generic or subgeneric name for each of the 11 currently recognized species of beaked whales except bidens, type of Mesoplodon, and hectori, type of Paikea Oliver, 1922. Under Article 23(6) the availability of this last generic name expires in 1972 unless it is used before that date in the primary literature as a senior synonym. This anomalous state of affairs is not peculiar to beaked whales. The same applies to the vast majority of generic, subgeneric, and specific group names of all whales (not to mention all mammals) now treated as junior synonyms. Their names are valid but not available under Article 23(6). Should future revisers find it necessary to recognize some of these taxa, it would be simpler to propose new names for them than to repair to the Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for rulings permitting re- vival of pertinent old names. CLASSIFICATION.—Toothed and baleen whales represent divergent lines of evolution, according to some students, and convergent lines of diphyletic origin, according to others (cf. Kleinenberg, 1958, Doklady, Biol. Sci., vol. 122, no. 5, p. 950). Present purposes, however, require a linear arrangement of the species and all higher taxa. So far as is known, the toothed whales (Odontoceti) are considerably older than the baleen whales (Mysticeti) and are placed first. Using dentition as a primary character, fresh water dolphins, particularly the Susuidae, are regarded as most primitive. On the basis of the same criterion, a graded morphological series can be made from susuids through delphinids, monodontids, phys- eterids, and hyperoodontids to mysticetes. Evolution from the toothed to the baleen condition is still marked in living forms by the absence of functional maxillary teeth in the physeterids and by the occasional ap- pearance of what may be rudimentary baleen in the palate of beaked whales (cf. Baussard, 1789, Journ. Phys., vol. 34, p. 201). Presence of embryonic teeth in baleen whales completes the series. Baleen whales can be arranged phylogenetically on the basis of general form and, secondarily, on size. Rorquals clearly are less specialized than right whales with their exaggerated heads, humps, and baleen plates. Within each group or genus, the smaller and more typically formed or streamlined species is regarded as the more primitive. The evolutionary grade of other mysticete characters, taken singly or in combination, are in accord with the form and size criteria used here. Principal works consulted on the evolution, classification, and biology of whales are listed in the selected bibliography. Others are cited under the generic and specific headings in the systematic section. Class MAMMALIA: Order CETACEA Suborder ODONTOCETI Family SUSUIDAE Genus PONTOPORIA Gray Pontoporia Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 46; 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 772 [external characters; classification].—Gervais, zn Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 476 [characters; tax- onomy].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 301 [characters; Stenodel- phis a synonym].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 342 [characters]_—Winge, 1942, Interrelation- ships of the mammalian genera [English translation], 3: 245, 247 [characters; interrelationships; Stenodelphis a synonym].—Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 554 [nomenclature; Pontoporia Gray, 1846, not a homonym of Pontoporeia Kréyer, 1842, or antedated by Pontoporia Agassiz, 1846]. Stenodelphis d’Orbigny and Gervais, 1847, Voyage Amérique Mérid., 4(Mamm.): 32 (in text) [type species: Stenodelphis Blainville: Gervais, by monotypy].—Gervais, 1855, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 2: 322 [characters; Pontoporia Gray a synonym].—Ameghino, 1891, Rev. Argentina Hist. Nat., 1: 254 [Pontoporia Gray regarded as “preoccupied” by Ponto- poreia Krdyer, 1842, a genus of Crustacea; type species: Stenodelphis Blainvillec Gervais]|.—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 33 et seq. [history; relationship]—Carvalho, 1961, Rev. Brasil. Biol., 21(4): 443 [characters; comparisons]. Type species: Delphinus Blainvillet Gervais, by monotypy. Distrisution: Atlantic coast of South America from 30° S. to 42°30’ S. Pontoporia blainvillei Gervais and d’Orbigny Delphinus Blainvillei Gervais and d’Orbigny, 1844, Bull. Soc. Philom., pp: 38,39 (Apri 27): Delphinus Blainvillei dOrbigny and Gervais, 1847, Voyage Amérique Mérid., 4(Mamm.): 31, pl. 25 (animal; skull; teeth). Pontoporia Blainvillii [sic], Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 46, pl. 29, figs. 1, 2 (skull) [charac- ters; classification]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 134, 6 CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 7 pl. 7, fig. 4 (skull) [characters]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 231 [listed]—Burmeister, 1867a, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867: 484 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Gueguen Grande, Buenos Aires, 38°33’ S.)]; 1867b, Zeitschr. gesammte Naturw., 29: 1 [S. Atlantic: Uruguay (Rfo de La Plata); measurements 40 inches long]; 1867c, Act. Soc. Paleo. Buenos Aires, Anal. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, 1: xix [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Rio Gueguen Grande, Buenos Aires, 38° S., 59° W.); Uruguay (near Maldonado); anatomy]; 1867d, Anal. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, 1: 305, 389, pls. 23, fig. 1 (animal), pl. 25 (skeleton), pl. 26 (skull), pl. 27 (mouth, throat), pl. 28 (larynx, trachea, lungs) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Rio Queguen (=Gueguen) Grande, mouth) ; characters; taxonomic history]. Pontoporia blainvillii [sic], Flower, 1869, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 6: 87, pl. 28 (skull) [cranial characters]; 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 13 [Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Argentina (Rio de la Plata) ].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 303 (characters; classification]. Pontoporia Blainvillei, Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 479 [taxonomic history; osteology].— Abel, 1901, Mem. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belgique, pl. 1 (fig. 5), pl. 2 (fig. 4), pl. 3 (fig. 2), pl. 4 (fig. 1, skull) [comparisons]. Pontoporia blainvillei, Thomas, 1910, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 5: 247 {S. Atlantic: Argentina (Buenos Aires, coast) ]. Pontoporia (Stenodelphis) blatnvillet Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 342, fig. 97 (animal) [characters]. Stenodelphis Blainvillei, d’Orbigny and Gervais, 1847, Voyage Amérique Mérid., 4(Mamm.): 32 (in text) [original generic combination].— Hensel, 1873, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 110 [S. Atlantic: Brazil (Lagéa dos Patos, Rio Grande do Sul); skull found on banks].— Ameghino, 1891, Rev. Argentina Hist. Nat., 1: 254 [type of Stenodelphis Gervais, 1847].—Ihering, 1892, Mammiferos do Rio Grande do Sul, p. 104 [S. Atlantic: Brazil (Costa da Lagéa dos Patos, near Porto do Taipes, Rio Grande do Sul)].—Figueira, 1894, Anal. Mus. Nac. Montevideo, 2: 11 (separate) [S. Atlantic: Uruguay (Atlantic and La Plata coasts); local name: ‘“‘franciscana’’}.—Lahille, 1899a, Primera reunion del Congreso latinoamericano, 3: 34 (distribution ; local names: “tonina,”’ “franciscana’”’]; 1899b, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 9: 389, pl.1 (adult and fetus) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Peninsula de Valdés, Chubut, 42° 30’ S.); measurements]; 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool. Buenos Aires, 1905: 56 [distribution strictly marine; food; local names: ‘‘franciscana,” “tonina’’]; 1914, Enum. Zoogeogr. Mamm. Republica de Argentina, p. 29 [listed]|.—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 44 et seq., fig. 17 (pterygoid sinus), pls. 19, 20 (skull) [audi- tory system]. 8 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 [Stenodelphis] Blainvillet, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1016 [classi- fication; tenuirostris Malm, 1870, a synonym]. Stenodelphis blainvillei, Slijper, 1930, Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Belgique, 14(10): 13 [skeleton in museum collection].—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos Sudamericanos, p. 293, pl. 72 (animal) [characters; habits; distribution]_—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 71, fig. 11 (skull) [characters; relationships].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 91, 107, fig. 175 (pterygoid sinus), pls. 19-20 (skull).—Carvalho, 1961, Rev. Brasil. Biol., 21(4): 443, fig. 2 (animal), figs. 3-5 (skull), figs. 6-11 (skeleton) [S. Atlantic: Brazil (Santos, SAo Paulo); external characters; osteology; measure- ments; comparisons; stomach contents: clupeids, crustaceans]. Stenodelphis blainvillii [sic], Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 81, pl. 15 (animal) [characters; habits; distribution]. Pontoporia tenuirostris Malm, 1871, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 9(2): 46, pl. 2, fig. 10a (animal), 10b-c (skull), pl. 4, fig. 34 (forelimb bones) [S. Atlantic: Uruguay (type locality: Montevideo) ; type a mounted skin; skull in Goteborg Naturhistoriska Museum]. Type: Skull only, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; collected by M. de Fréminville. Type LocaLity: Mouth of Rio de La Plata, near Montevideo, Uruguay. Distrisution: Atlantic coast of South America from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Lagéa dos Patos), to Peninsula Valdés, northern Chubut, Argentina. Genus INIA d’Orbigny Inia d’Orbigny, 1834, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 3: 31.—Gervais, 1855, Castelnau Expéd. Amérique du Sud, pt. 7, Zool., Mamm., p. 90 (characters; taxonomy].—Flower, 1869, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 6: 98 [review|.—Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 468 [taxonomic review].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, pp. 293, 296 [characters]|—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 54 et seq. [characters; history; relationships].—Wéinge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 245, 247, 273, 297 [characters; classification].— Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 45 et seq., fig. 26 (table) [classification; auditory system]. Type species: Inia Boliviensis d’Orbigny (=Jnia geoffrensis Blainville), by monotypy. DistripuTiIon: Tropical zones of the Amazonian drainage system in Brazil, Bolivia, northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela (upper Rio Negro) and the connecting Casiquiare Canal, and upper Rio Orinoco system westward into the upper Rio Guaviare system in Colombia. Inia occurs above the cataracts of the upper Guaviare in Meta, Colombia, and CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 9 the rapids (Pongo de Guarracayo) of the Marafion in Amazonas, Peru, where Sotalia is not known to occur. Inia geoffrensis Blainville Delphinus rostratus, G. Cuvier (part, not Shaw), 1812, Ann. Hist. Nat., Paris, 19: 10 [“‘dauphin 4 museau gréle” in Paris Museum, brought from Portugal by E. Geoffroy]. Delphinus |(Delphinorhynchus)| Geoffrensis Blainville, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hust. Nat., 9: 151°—Gervais, 1856, Compt:)Rend: Acad. Sei.; Paris, 42: 806 [Brazil (Rio Uruguay (=Araguaia)); synonyms: amazonicus, boliviensis; characters]. Inia Geoffrensis, Gervais, 1855, Castelnau Expéd. Amérique du Sud, pt. 7, Zool., Mamm., p. 90, pl. 19, fig. 3 (animal) [Peru (Nauta, Rio Marafion, Loreto; Rio Ucayali, Loreto); Bolivia: (rivers of Moxos and Santa Cruz, Rio Mamoré, Rio Guaporé); characters; synonyms: amazonicus, boliviensis, skin only of type of frontatus Cuvier (Hist. Cet., 1836, p. 120)]; 1856, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42: 806 [taxonomy].—Van Bénéden, 1868, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique, 25: 93 [specimen in Berlin Museum collected by Natterer].—Abel, 1901, Mem. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat.; pl. 1 (fig. 6); pl. 2 Cig. 5), pl. 3 Gig. 3), pl. 4 (fig. 2,, skull) [comparisons]. Inia geoffrensis, Flower, 1869, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 6: 87, pls. 25-27 (skeleton) [Peru (Nauta, Rio Marafion, Loreto); osteology; classifica- tion].—Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 468, pls. 32, 33 (skeleton) [osteology; taxonomic history; distribution; part synonyms: D. geoffroy: Desmarest, D. frontatus Cuvier, D. amazonicus Spix and Martius, Inia boliiensis d’ Orbigny].—Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 13.—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 299 [characters] —L6nnberg, 1928, Ark. Zool., Stockholm, 20A(1): 1, pl. 1 (osteology) [pelvic rudiments; phalanges].—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 56, fig. 7 (skull) [characters; history; relation- ships].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 34 [characters; habits]|—Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 81, pl. 15 (animal) [Bolivia (Rio Guaporé-Rio Mamoré); Brazil (Rio Purts from mouth to Hyutanahan; Rio Negro; Rio Branco; Rio Tacatu, Roraima region); Venezuela (upper Rio Orinoco and Casiquiare) ; characters; habits; names: “Amazon River dolphin,”’ ““‘bouto”’].—Miranda Ribeiro, 1943, Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 37: 23, figs. 1-5 (animals), fig. 6 (postcranial skeleton), fig. 7 (skull), fig. 8 (ear bones), figs. 11-12 (skull), figs. 13-16 (middle and inner ears), figs. 17-25 (skeleton) [characters; taxonomic history; history of type specimen; habits].—Vieira, 1948, Bol. Mus. Paraense, 10: 267 [Brazil (upper Rio Jurud); local name: “boto”].—Vieira, 1951, Papeis Avulsos, 10: 122 [Brazil (SAo Domingo, Rio das Mortes, Mato 760-433—65——2 10 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Grosso) ].—Lamb, 1954, Nat. Hist. (New York), 63: 231 [Brazil: Para (Sido Luiz, Rio Tapajéz); cooperative fishing with man].—Vieira, 1955, Arq. Zool., SAo Paulo, 8: 439 [Brazil (Rio Amazonas, Amazonas; upper Rio Jurué, Amazonas; Rio Araguaia, Goias; Rio Tocantins, Goias; Rio das Mortes, Mato Grosso); Bolivia (Rio Madeira; Rio Beni; Rfo Guaporé)].—Allen and Neil, 1957, Nat. Hist., (New York), 66: 324, text figs. (animal) [Colombia (Letitia, Rio Amazonas); capture of live individuals]—Layne, 1958, Journ. Mam- mal., 39: 1, pl. 1 (animal), pl. 2 (skull) [Colombia (Leticia; Rio Ama- zonas); characters; comparisons; habits].—Layne, 1959, Anatomical Record, 134: 598 [feeding adaptation and behavior]. Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 60 et seq., fig. 17 (pterygoid sinus), pls. 21, 22 (skull) [auditory system].—Sanchez Romero, 1960, Pesca y Caza (Lima), 10: 38 [Peru (Cocha Zapote, Rio Pacaya, Loreto, 5°30’ S., 75° W.)].—Carvalho, 1961, Rev. Biol. Trop., 9(1): 1-15, fig. 3 (animal) [Brazil (Pogao, Rio Mucajai, upper Rio Branco, Rio Branco); characters; habits; food; local name: ‘‘béto pretinho’”’].— Olivares, 1962, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. Ex., Fis., Nat., 11: 306 [Colombia (Rfo Guayabero, Meta)].—Hershkovitz, 1963, Journ. Mammal., 44: 99 [Colombia (Rio Dudila (sic=Rio Dudita), upper Giiejar, Rio Guaviare, above rapids)].—Layne and Caldwell, 1964, Zoologica, 49(2): 81, pls. 1-3, pl. 4, figs. 9, 10 (animals in captivity), pl. 4, fig. 8 (jaws) [Colombia (Leticia, Amazonas) ; behavior in captivity (physiology, locomotion, breathing, senses, learning ability, feeding, sexual behavior, play, vocalization, sociability) ]—Mohr, 1965, Zool. Gart., n.f. (1964), 29(5): 262, figs. 1-9 (animal) [Colombia: Meta (Cafio Duida (sic=Rio Dudita), upper Gtiejar, Rio Guaviare); Peru: Loreto (Rio Pacaya); external characters, habits ex literature].—Curtis, 1963, Internat. Zoo Yearbook, 4:7. Delphinus ((Delphinorhynchus)| Geoffroyi [sic], Desmarest, 1822, Mam- malogie, 2: 512 [emendation of geoffrensis Blainville; specimen in Paris museum originally in the Lisbon museum; believed to be from the coast of Brazil]. Delphinorhynchus Geoffroyi [sic], Lesson, 1827, Manuel Mamm., p. 405 [characters].—Lesson, 1834, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, p. 440 [classification]. Delphinus Geoffroyi [sic], Spix and Martius, 1831, Reise in Brasiliens, 3: 1131 [type from Rio Amazonas, collected by Alexandre Rodriguez Ferreira].—Lesson, 1834, Compl. Buffon, Cétacés, p. 204 [charac- ters].—Gray, 1856, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 18: 157 [characters; Inia boliviensis d’Orbigny a synonym]. Inia Geoffroyi [sic], Bates, 1863, Naturalist on the River Amazons, 1: 146 [Brazil (Rio Tocantins, mouth)]. Inia Geoffroyi [sic], Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES Tt and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 45 [characters ex type in Paris museum]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 135, pl. 7, fig. 3 (skull) [characters; synonymy]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 226 [characters; taxonomic history; synonymy]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 64 [characters]. Inia geoffroyensis [sic], Austin, 1897, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1896: 771 [Brazil (vicinity of Parana de Buyasou (=Buiucu or Buyusst), lower Rio Amazonas, Para; Furo de Monte Alegre, Rio Amazonas, Para) ; size; color; swimming].—Slijper, 1936, Die Cetaceen (in text) [com- parative anatomy; phylogeny].—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos sudamericanos, p. 292 [characters; habits; distribution; local names: boto, “buteo’’]. Delphinus frontatus G. Cuvier, 1823, Oss. Foss., 5: 278, 296 (not pl. 21, figs. 7, 8) [mame based on mounted skin of specimen in Paris Museum, collected by Alexandre Rodriguez Ferreira and originally exhibited in the Ajuda Museum, Lisbon, and a skull of unknown origin identified with Delphinus rostratus Desmarest (not Shaw) (=bredanensis Lesson) ; type here restricted to skin].—F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 120 [part, skin only; skull=Delphinus rostratus Desmarest=Steno bredanensis}. Delphinus amazonicus Spix and Martius, 1831, Reise in Brasilien, 3: 1118, 1133 [Brazil (type locality: Rio Amazonas, as far west as Maynas (=Rio Huallaga, Peru)); type (skin and skull?) presumably in the Munich Museum; habits; believed to be identical with Delphinus Geoffroyi Desmarest].—Poeppig, 1836, Reise Chile, Peru, Amazonstr., 2: 374 [Peru (Maynas, Rio Huallaga, Loreto)]. D{elphinus| Amazonicus, Cabanis and Schomburgk, 1848, Reisen British Guiana, 2: 18, 3: 786 [Brazil (Rio Tacutu, on Guianan border); seen, not captured]. Inia amazonicus, Pelzeln, 1883, Verh. K. K. Zool.-bot. Gesellsch., Wien, Beiheft, 33: 94 [Brazil (Rio Guaporé below La Lanterna; Borba, Rio Madeira)]. Inia Boliviensis d’Orbigny, 1834, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 3: 31, pl. 3, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull), fig. 3 (dentition) [Bolivia (type locality: rivers of the plains of Moxos that form the Mamoré and Guaporé)]. Jlsic=I(nia)| Boliviensis, F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétaces, p. 167, pl. 10 bis (animal) [characters ex d’Orbigny]. Inia boliviensis, d’Orbigny and Gervais, 1847, Voyage Amérique Meérid., 4(Mamm.): 30, pl. 22 (animal) [Bolivia (rivers of the provinces of Moxos and Chiquitos and all upper tributaries of the Amazon)].— Gervais, 1856a, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, p. 806; 1856b, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 17: 521 [taxonomic history; English translation of previous article]. 12 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Delphinus Inia Rapp, 1837, Die Cetaceen, p. 47 [new name for Inia boliviensis d’Orbigny.—Schlegel, 1841, Abhandlungen aus der Gebiete der Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie, 1: 24 [characters]]. ‘Inia de Geoffroy,”’ Gervais, 1877, Journ. Zool., Paris, 6: 279 [Peru (Rio Ucayali); skeleton in Bordeaux Museum collected by Saint Criq]. Sotallia [sic] pallida, Sanborn (not Gervais), 1949, Journ. Mammal., 30: 287 [Peru (Yarinacocha, Rio Ucayali, Loreto)]. Inia sp., Guallart, 1962, Biota (Lima), 4: 161 [Peru (Amazonas; ascends Rio Marafion to mouth of Rio Cenepa); local names: ‘‘bufeo,” ““apupu’’]. TypE: Mounted specimen, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; collected by Alexandre Rodriguez Ferreira about 1790 and deposited in the Museu da Ajuda, Lisbon; brought to the Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, in 1810 by E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire (see Miranda Ribeiro, 1943, Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 37: 23); the mounted skin was painted to simulate its natural colors (cf. G. Cuvier, 1812, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., LOE SEO)), Type Locatity: Brazil; according to Gervais (supra cit.) probably from upper Amazon. DisTRiBUTION: ‘The same as for the genus. Genus LIPOTES Miller Lipotes Miller, 1918, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 68(9): 2.—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 54 et seq. [characters; history; relationship].— Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 306 [characters; classifica- tion].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 46 et seq., fig. 26 (table) [auditory system; classification]. TYPE species: Lipotes vexillifer Miller, by original designation. DistripuTION: Known only from the Tungting Lake and _ the Yangtzekiang River, Hunan, China. Lipotes vexillifer Miller Lipotes vexillifer Miller, 1918, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 68(9): 2, fig. 1 (teeth), pl. 1 (animal), pls. 2-10 (skull), pls. 11-13 (vertebrae).— Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 57 [characters; relationships; local name: “‘pench’i’”].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 46 et seq., pl. 23 (skull) [auditory system]. Type: Male, skull and cervical vertebrae, U.S. National Museum, no. 218293; collected Feb. 18, 1916, by Charles M. Hoy. TYPE LOCALITY: Tungting Lake, Hunan, China. DisTRIBUTION: The same as for the genus. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 13 Genus SUSU Lesson Susu Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, pl. 3, fig. 3 (animal with name in caption), p. 440 (name in index.)—Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 554 [nomenclature]. Platanista Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amphibien, p. 35 [new name for Susu Lesson, derived from the ‘‘platanista’’ of Pliny].—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 46 et seq. [history; relationship].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 7 et seq., fig. 13 (tympanoperiotic bones), figs. 14, 17 (pterygoid sinus), fig. 23 (air sac system).—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 246, 285 [characters; classification]. Susa Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amphibien, p. 35 [misprint for Susu Lesson in the combination “‘Susa Platanista Less’’]. Sousou F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 257 [emendation of Susu Lesson, 1828]. Soosoo Hamilton, 1837, im Jardine, Naturalist’s Library, Mammalia, 6(Whales): 254 [emendation of Susu Lesson, 1828]. Platanistina Neave, 1940, Nomen. Zool., 3: 780 [regarded as an ‘“‘emend- [ation] pro [Plata]nista Wagler 1830 [by] Gray, (1846), Zool. ‘Ereb. Terr.’ (Cetac.), 45,” but used by Gray only as a supergeneric or tribal taxon, with Platanista Wagler the type]. Type Species: Susu Platanista Lesson (in caption to pl. 3, fig. 3, and index, p. 440) (=Delphinus gangeticus Lebeck; in text, p. 215). DisTRIBUTION: Confined to the Ganges-Brahmaputra Rivers in India, Pakistan, and Assam, the Hooghly River in Bengal, India, and the Indus in western Pakistan and northwestern India (Sutlej River), from tidal waters to the Himalayas. Susu gangetica Lebeck Delphinus gangetica Lebeck, 1801, Neue Schrift. Gesellsch. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, 3: 280, pl. 2 (animal, genitalia, mouth).—Roxburgh, 1803, Asiatic research or transactions, Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, 7: 171, pl. 3 (animal) [Indian: India (type locality: Ganges River Delta, near Calcutta; distributed upstream to head of navigation); habits].— Desmarest, 1822, Mammalogie, p. 513 [characters; synonyms: rostratus Shaw, shawensis Blainville].—Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, p. 215 [characters; synonymy]. D{elphinus] Gangeticus, Cuvier, 1823, Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles, 5: 278, 298, 315, pl. 22, figs. 8-10 (skull) [cranial characters]. Delphinorhynchus Gangeticus, Lesson, 1827, Man. Mamm., p. 406 [charac- ters; synonymy]. Pllatanista] gangetica, F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 252, pl. 8, fig. 2 (animal), pl. 18 (skull) [characters; history]. 14 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Soosoo Gangeticus, Hamilton, 1837, Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library, Mammalia, 6 (Whales): 254, p.. 28 (animal) [characters]. Platanista Gangetica, Eschricht, 1851, Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift., (5), 2: 1-43 (separate), pl. 1 (animal, skeleton), pls. 2, 3 (skull, vertebrae) [India (Ganges River (Galathea Expedition)); characters; comparisons; taxonomy; relationships; habits].—Eschricht, 1852, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 9: 160, 279, pl. 1 (animal), pls. 2, 3 (skull, verte- brae) [English translation of original article in Danish]—Owen, 1853, Descr. Cat. Osteol. Ser. Mus. Roy, College Surgeons, 2: 449 [upper and lower jaws of gangetica Roxburgh, Museum College of Surgeons, no. 2482, given by Roxburgh to Sir Joshua Brookes, who presented it to the Museum via Sir Edward Home].—Blyth, 1859, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 28: 492, ftn. 492, 493 [India (Hugli (Hooghli) River)].—Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 223 [history; characters; synonymy].—Blanford, 1891, Fauna British India, p. 590, fig. 193 (skull), fig. 194 (animal) [Pakistan (Indus River) ; India (Ganges River, Brahmaputra River); tidal waters to mountains; never enters sea; characters; habits; indi Blyth a synonym].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 132, pls. 17, 18 (skull) [auditory system]. Platanista gangetica, Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 174, fig. 13 (skull) [characters; history; relationships]. Delphinus Rostratus Shaw, 1801, Gen. Zool., 2(2): 514 [type locality: *‘supposed to inhabit the Indian Seas’’]. Delphinus rostrats [sic], F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 253 [mis- print for rostratus]. Delphinus Shawensis Blainville, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 9: 153 [new name for rostratus Shaw; characters].—Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 223 [in synonymy of Platanista Gangetica; type specimen in Mus. Roy. College of Surgeons]. Delphinus schawensis [sic], F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 253 [misspelling for shawensis]. Susu Platanista Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, pl. 3, fig. 3 (animal), p. 440 (index), p. 215 (text) [new name for Delphinus gangeticus Lebeck; characters]. Susa [sic] Plantanista [sic], Wagier, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amphibien, p. 35. Platanista Indi Blyth, 1859, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengai, 28: 493 [Pakistan (type locality: Indus River); type skull in Asiatic Society Museum, Calcutta]. Platanista Gangetica var. minor Owen, 1853, Descr. Cat. Osteol. Roy. Mus. Coll. Surgeons, p. 448 [Pakistan (type locality: Indus River); type skull in Museum of Royal College of Surgeons, presented by David Wallich]. Type: Adult male, found stranded November 1797, and figured by Lebeck in the original description. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 15 Type Locauity: Hooghly River, near Calcutta, West Bengal, India. DisTRIBUTION: The same as for the genus. Family DELPHINIDAE Genus STENO Gray Steno Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 30, 43 [included species: the steno, Delphinus rostratus Cuvier (=Steno bredanensis, type by virtual tautonomy), Delphinus frontatus Cuvier (=Delphinus bredanensis Lesson), D. compressus Gray (=D. bredanensis Lesson), D. attenuatus Gray (=Stenella dubia Cuvier), Steno fuscus Gray (=?Steno fuscus Gray)].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 482, 513 [taxonomy; type species: Delphinus rostratus Cuvier (=Delphinus bredanensis Lesson), Glyphidelphis Gervais a synonym].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 23, 156 [taxonomy]. —Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 33 et seq. [history; relationship]. —Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 308 [characters; classifi- cation]. Glyphidelphis Gervais, 1859, Zool. Paleo. Frangaise, p. 301 [type species: Delphinus rostratus Cuvier (= Delphinus bredanensis Lesson) ]. Stenopontistes Miranda Ribeiro, 1936, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 12: 19, 42 [type species: Stenopontistes zambezicus Miranda Ribeiro (=Steno bredanensis Lesson) ]. Type species: Delphinus rostratus Cuvier (=Delphinus bredanensis Lesson). DistTriBuTION: In the North Atlantic: from the Netherlands to Portugal and off Sénégal and Ivory Coast on the east, and Virginia to Florida and possibly Cuba on the west; in the South Atlantic: from 1°14’ S., 17°20’ W., and the coast of Brazil and Argentina to northeast of Tristan da Cunha (32° S., 2° W.); in the North Pacific: from off California, Hawaii, and Japan; in the South Pacific: from the Galapagos Islands; in the Indian Ocean: from the Gulf of Aden and Mossel Bay, South Africa, to Bay of Bengal and Java. Steno bredanensis Lesson Delphinus rostratus Desmarest, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Nat. Hist., 9: 160 [France (type locality: Paimpol, Brittany); name preoccupied by Delphinus rostratus Shaw, 1801 (=Susu gangetica Lebeck)].—F. Cuvier, in E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, 1833, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 7(67) [colored figure and text of a “dauphin 4 long bec” from Brest, France].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 482, fig. 6 (palate) [taxonomy; characters; history of type; synonyms: planiceps Van Breda, frontatus Cuvier (part)]. Steno rostratus, Lutkin, 1889, Vid. Selsk, Skrif., (6), Nat. Math., Afd. Copenhagen, 5(1): 8, 54, pl. 1 (animal, skeleton), text figs. (sternum, 16 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 flippers) [characters; synonyms; bredanensis, compressus, reinwardtit, perspicillatus]|—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 24, 157, pl. 6, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [Indian: Indonesia (Java); S. Atlantic: 1°14’ S., 17°20’ W.; taxonomy; synonyms: frontatus Cuvier (part), bredanensis Lesson, planiceps Schlegel, compressus Gray, reinwardtit Schlegel].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 273 [characters; part synonyms].—Van Deinse, 1931, De fossiele en recente Cetacea van Nederland, p. 257 [N. Atlantic: Netherlands]—Weber, 1923, Die Cetaceen der Siboga-Expedition, Siboga Expeditie, 58: 6 [N. Atlantic: 1°14’ S., 17°20’ W.; France (Brest); Netherlands; S. Atlantic: South Africa (Mossel Bay) ; N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Honolulu, Hawaii) ; Indonesia (Java)].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 331, fig. 9 (animal) [characters; distribution].—Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 69, pl. 11 (animal) [characters; dis- tribution].—Hamilton, 1945, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 114: 549 [S. Atlantic: off Brazilian coast; coitus observed].—Handley and Patton, 1947, Wild mammals of Virginia, p. 201 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Norfolk, Virginia) ].—Cadenat, 1959, Bull. Inst. Francais Afrique Noire, 21(A): 1397, pls. 23-25 (animal) [N. Atlantic: Sénégal; Ivory Coast]. Delphinus bredanensis Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, 1(Cétacés) : 206 [new name for Delphinus rostratus Cuvier, preoccupied]. Delphinorhynchus bredanensis, Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, 1(Cétacés): 440 [name combination in index. ] Steno bredanensis, Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 657 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Tampa, Florida); N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Hono- lulu, Hawaii; Stimson Beach, Marine County, California) ].—Hall and Kelson, 1959, Mammals of North America, p. 819, fig. (animal), fig. 448 (skull) [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Virginia to Florida); N. Pacific: U.S.A.: (California)]—Orr, 1965, Journ. Mammal., 46: 101 [S. Atlantic: Ecuador (Indefatigable Island, Galapagos) ]. [Steno] bredaensis [sic], Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1028 [listed; emendation]. Delphinus planiceps Van Breda, 1829, Verhandl. Nederl. Inst., p. 235, pls. 1, 2.—Schlegel, 1841, Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie, 1(Cetaceen): 27, pl. 4, fig. 8 (teeth) [characters; synonyms: frontatus Cuvier (part), rostratus Cuvier, bredanen- sis Fischer]. Delphinorhynchus santonicus Lesson, 1836, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, 10: 330 [N. Atlantic: France (type locality; Ile d’Aix, mouth of the Charente River); type a stranded individual, not preserved].— Lesson, 1841, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 12: 15, pl. 2, fig. 1 (animal) [characters]. [?Sotalia] santonicus, Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 763 [classification]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES Ae Delphinus Reinwardtiu Schlegel, 1841, Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie, 1(Cetaceen): 27, pl. 3, figs. 2, 3 (skull), pl. 4, fig. 7 (teeth) [Indian: Java (type locality); two cotype skulls in Leiden Museum (cf. Jentink, 1887, Cat. Osteol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, 9: 173)]. Delphinus chamissonis Wiegmann, 1841 (or earlier), Schreber’s Sdugthiere, pl. 359 (animal) [figure without text]—Wagner, 1846, im Schreber, Saugthiere, 7: 366 [no locality; characters]. Delphinus compressus Gray, 1843, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 105 [nomen nudum]. Steno compressus Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 43, pl. 27 (skull) [type in British Museum, a skull only from unknown locality]; 1850, Gat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 129 [South Sea]; 1886, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 234 [characters]. [?] Steno fuscus Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 44, pl. 26, fig. 1 (foetus and tongue) [N. Atlantic: Cuba (type locality); type a foetus in spirits presented to British Museum by W. S. MacLeay].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 27 [resembles Prodelphinus obscurus or Steno bredanensis but not certainly identifiable; type believed to be lost]. D{elphinus] oxyrhynchus Gray, 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 131 [name in synonymy of ‘‘Steno? rostratus’ erroneously attributed to Jardine (1837, Nat. Libr., pl. 27, with caption Delphinorhynchus of Breda) |. Delphinus (Steno) perspicillatus Peters, 1876, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 360, pl. 2 (animal), pl. 3 (skull, flipper, sternum) [S. Atlantic (type locality: 32°29’ S., 2°1’ W.); type a skeleton in the Berlin Museum, collected Sept. 20, 1874].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 486 [‘‘if it is not specifically identical with, it is certainly very closely allied to Steno rostratus’’}. Steno perspicillatus, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 25, 30, 32,157, pl. 7, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [regarded as near but distinct from Steno rostratus Desmarest].—Lahille, 1899, Primera reunién del congreso latinoamericano, 3: 199 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Buenos Aires?) ;] 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool., Buenos Aires, 1905: 58 [S. Atlantic: 32°29’ S., 2°1’ W.; characters]; 1914 Enumeracién y zoogeografia Mamm. Republica Argentina, p. 199 [S. Atlantic]. Delphinus frontatus, Cuvier (part, not Cuvier), 1823, Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles, 5: 278 [skull only, mismatched with skin of Inia geoffrensis Blainville]. Steno frontatus, Blyth, 1863, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiatic Soc., p. 91.— Blanford, 1891, Fauna British India, p. 582 [Indian: Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengal]. 18 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Stenopontistes zambezicus Miranda Ribeiro, 1936, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 12: 20, 42, pl. (animal) [Indian: Mozambique (Zambesi)]. Type: Name based on a drawing by Van Breda of a stranded dolphin, the skull of which had first been matched with a skin of Inia geoffrensis Blainville and named Delphinus frontatus Cuvier. TYPE LOCALITY: Coast of France. DisTRIBUTION: The same as for the genus. Genus SOTALIA Gray Sotalia Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus. (March 1866), p. 401; 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 772 [characters].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 486 [taxonomic revision].— True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 13 [taxonomy; guianensis Van Bénéden, type].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 267 [characters; species].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 333 [characters]. Sousa Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London (September), 1866: 213 [subgenus of Steno Gray; included species: Steno capensis Gray (=Stenella dubia G. Cuvier), Steno lentiginosus Gray (type, cf. Iredale [and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6:67)]. Tucuxa Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London (September), 1866: 213 [subgenus of Steno Gray; type species: Steno tucuxi Gray, by monotypy]. Type species: Delphinus guianensis P. J. Van Bénéden by monotypy. DistTRiBUTION: Tropical seas and larger rivers of South America; Africa (Cameroon River); Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea to Suez Canal; Gulf of Siam and coast of Borneo, southeastern China (coast, Amoy Harbor, Canton, and Fuchow Rivers). Sotalia fluviatilis Gervais and Deville Delphinus fluviatilis Gervais and Deville, in Gervais, 1853, Bull. Soc. Agric. Hérault, p. 148 [work not seen].—Gervais, 1855a, Hist. Mamm., 2: 322 [Peru (Rfo Marafion, above Pebas)].—1855b, Castelnau Expéd. Amérique Sud; pt. 7, Zool. Mamm.,p. 92, ple 19, figs 2 (animal) [local names: “‘bufo negro”’ of upper Amazon, “‘boto preto” of Brazil; habits]; 1856a, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 42: 806 [Rio Amazonas]; 1856b, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 17: 522 [Rio Amazonas].—Van Bénéden, 1875, Mém. Acad. Roy. Belgique, 41: 4 [local names: “‘bufeo negro,”’ ‘‘bofo preto’’]. Steno? fluviatilis, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales, Brit. Mus., pp. 237, 395 [may be same as S. tucuxi]. S[teno] fluviatilis, Gray, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 6: 392 [upper Amazonas’’]. Sotalia fluviatilis, Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 595, ftn. 2 [characters; Sotalia pallida a synonym].—True, CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 19 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36:17, 156, pl. 5, fig. 1 (animal) [taxonomic review].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 334 [characters].—Carvalho, 1961, Rev. Biol. Trop. 9(1): 9 [Brazil (Rio Mucujai, upper Rio Branco, Rio Branco)]. S[otalia] fluviatilis, Hershkovitz, 1963, Journ. Mammal., 44: 99 [distribu- tion]. [Sotalia tucuxt] fluviatilis, Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 763 [classification]. Delphinus pallidus Gervais, 1855, Castelnau Expéd. Amérique Sud, 7(Zool., Mamm.): 94, pl. 19, figs. 1-2 (animal) [Peru (type locality: Nauta, Rio Marafion, Loreto); local name: “‘bufo blanco’’]; 1856a, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42: 806 [Brazil (Rio Amazonas)]; 1856b, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 17: 522 [Brazil (Rio Amazonas)]. Steno? pallidus, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 237 [characters]. S[teno] pallidus, Gray, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 6: 392 [Brazil (upper Amazon)]. Sotalia pallida, Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéogr. Cétacés, p. 595 [comparisons; regarded as a synonym of S. fluviatilis]|—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 17, 156, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2 [Brazil (mouth of Rio Negro); Peru (Nauta); taxonomic review].—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamfferos sudamericanos, p. 295 [characters; habits; local names: “tucuxi,” “‘pirayaguara”].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 334 [characters; may be color variety]|—Sanchez Romero, 1960, Pesca y caza, 10: 38 [Peru (Cocha Zapote, Rio Pacaya, Loreto, 5°30’ S., 75° W.)].—Carvalho, 1961, Rev. Biol. Trop., 9(1): 9, ftn. [type regarded as a composite of Inia skin and Sotalia skull]. S[otalia] pallida, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 513 [classification]. [Sotalia tucuxi] pallidus, Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 763 [classification]. Steno Tucuxt Gray, 1856, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 18: 158 [Brazil (type locality: Rio Amazonas near Santarém, Para); types, male and female skulls, British Museum (Natural History)]. Steno tucuxi, Gerrard, 1862, Cat. bones Brit. Mus., p. 159 [Brazil: Rio Amazonas; skulls of type].—Bates, 1863, Naturalist on the river Amazons, 1: 146 [Brazil (Rio Tocantins, mouth) ].—Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 236 [Brazil (Rio Amazonas, near Santarém)].—Van Bénéden, 1875, Mém. Acad. Roy. Belgique, 41: 4 [pallidus Gervais a synponym].—Pelzeln, 1883, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch., Wien, Beih., 33: 94 [Brazil (Barra do Rio Negro) ; synonyms: fluviatilis, pallidus}. 20 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 S[otalia] tucuxi, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 513 [classi- fication]. Sotalia tucuxi, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 17, 155, pl. 5, fig. 2 (skull of type) [taxonomic review; skull in U.S. National Museum said to be from Florida].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 334 [characters; may be color variety]. Sotalia tucuxi or S. fluviatilis, Austen, 1897, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1896: 771 [Brazil (Parana de Buyassu, channel below Monte Alegre) ; color; habits]. [Steno (Sotalia)] tucuxi, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1027 [classifi- cation]. Steno Tucaxi [sic], Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des Cétacés, p. 595, ftn. 2 [lapsus for tucux7]. Delphinus tuchuschi, Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des Cétacés, p. 595, ftn. 2 [ms. name attributed to Natterer]. Sotalia sp., Layne, 1958, Journ. Mammal., 39: 1, pl. 1 (animal), pl. 2 (skull) [Colombia (Leticia, Rio Amazonas); characters; comparisons; variation; habits; fluviatilis, tucuxi, and pallidus probably conspecific]. Type: Skin and anterior portion of skull, Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris. TypE LOCALITY: Rio Marafion above Pebas, Loreto, Peru. DisTRIBUTION: Rio Amazonas and lower parts of its tributaries between the Rio Tocantins, Para, Brazil, and the Rio Huallaga, Loreto, Peru. Sotalia guianensis P. J. Van Bénéden Delphinus Guianensis P. J. Van Bénéden, 1864, Mém. Cour. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles, Coll., 16(2): 27, fig. p. 31 (sternum), fig. p. 33 (flipper), fig. p. 34 (ear bone), pl. 2 (skeleton). Tursio? Guianensis, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 257 [British Guiana]. Sotalia Guianensis, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 401 [characters]. Delphinus (Sotalia) Guianensis, Van Bénéden, 1868, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique, 25: 115 [two cotype skeletons in Louvain Museum]. Sotalia guianensis, Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 67 [British Guiana].—Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des Cétacés, p. 595, pl. 41, figs. 1-17 (skeleton) [characters; compari- sons].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 17, 155 [review; said to be from Cayenne; distinction from other American Sotalia ques- tioned].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 270 [characters; brasiliensis Van Bénéden regarded as a synonym].—Kiikenthal, 1909, Jenaische Zeitschr., 45: 581 [penis of embryo].—Kiikenthal, 1914, Jenaische Zeitschr., 51: 90, pl. 3d, fig. 37 (animal) [characters]_—Williams, 1928, CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES Di Zoologica, 7: 105, figs. 35-37a (animal), figs. 37b—-45 (skeleton, teeth) [British Guiana (lower Essequibo, Cuyuni, and Mazaruni Rivers; type locality: Maroni River, on Suriname and French Guianan bound- ary); type in Stuttgart Museum, collected by Kappler; characters; food; habits].—Slijper, 1936, Die Cetaceen, Vergleichen anatomisch und systematisch (in text) [comparative anatomy; embryology; phylogeny; systematics]; 1938, Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belgique, 14(10): 19 [history of types]|—Fraser, zn Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 334 [part; “northeast coast of South America”’ only; characters]|—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mami- feros sudamericanos, p. 295 [characters].—Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 89, pl. 23 (animal) [characters; distribution].— Hershkovitz, 1963, Journ. Mamm., 44: 99 [N. Atlantic: Venezuela (Lake Maracaibo) ]. [Steno (Sotalia)| guianensis, ‘Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1027 [classification]. Delphinus Guyanensis [sic], P. J. Van Bénéden, 1868, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique, 25: 96 [one cotype skeleton in Brussels Museum].— E. Van Bénéden, 1875, Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci., Belgique, 41: 8, 43 [Suriname (type locality: mouth of Suriname River); characters; comparisons]. ““Tonina,”’ Humboldt, 1889, Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of America (Ross, transl.), 1: 160; 2: 142, 164, 342, 350 [Venezuela (Rio Manzanares, Cumana; San Fernando de Apuré, Rio Apuré; Rio Atabapo and tributary Rio Temi)]. Types: Three of several skeletons received by the Wtirtemburg Natura- liensammlung, Stuttgart. According to Williams (1928, Zoologica, 7: 105), a female (skin, skeleton, and foetus) is believed to be one of the original series and is still preserved in the Stuttgart Museum as no. 1122. However, Slijper (1938, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belgique, 14 [10]: 19) states that 3 cotypes originally were received by the Stuttgart Museum and then presented to P. J. Van Bénéden, who gave one to the Belgian Museum. The remaining two specimens are now in the Louvain Museum. They were collected in 1858 by Kappler (see also Van Bénéden, 1868, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique, 25: 96, 115). TYPE LOCALITY: Suriname (p. 27, original description), Guiane (p. 34), Cayenne (p. 35); restricted to mouth of Suriname River by E. Van Bénéden (1875, Mém. Acad. Roy. Belgique, 41: 8, 43). Williams (supra cit.) states that, according to records of the Stuttgart Museum, the actual collecting locality is the Maroni or Marowijne River on the eastern border of Suriname. DisTRIBUTION: Coast and rivers of the Guianas and Venezuela, includ- ing Lake Maracaibo. 22 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Sotalia brasiliensis E. Van Bénéden Sotalia brasiliensis E. Van Bénéden, 1875, Mém. Acad. Sci. Roy. Belgique, 41: 1, 8 (name), 9 (description), pl. 1 (animal, postcranial skeleton), pl. 2 (skull, osteological parts) [characters; habits]. Sotalia brasiliensis, Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 694 [characters; comparisons; Delphinus microps Gray regarded as a synonym].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 488 [pallidus Gervais and tucuxi Gray doubtfully distinct].— Goeldi, 1887, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Syst. Abt., 3: 134, text figs. (sternum) [S. Pacific: Brazil (Bahia de Rio de Janeiro); osteology].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 17, 155, pl. 3, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull); characters; comparisons; distinction from other American species of Sotalia questioned].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 270 [regarded as identical with guianensis]|—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos sudamericanos, p. 294 [characters; habits; distribution]. [Steno (Sotalia)] brasiliensis, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1028 [classification]. Sotalia braziliensis [sic], Racovitza, 1903, Expédition Antarctique Belgique, pp. 44, 59 (Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)]. D{elphinus] guianensis, Flower (part, not P. J. Van Bénéden), 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 488 [S. Atlantic: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) ; characters]. Sotalia guianensis, Fraser (not P. J. Van Bénéden), in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 336 [S. Atlantic: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)].—Scheffer and Rice, 1963, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep., 431: 7 [part; S. brasiliensis treated as a synonym]. [?] Delphinus geoffrensis, Blainville (part, not Blainville), 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 9: 152 [individual seen by M. Fréminville on the coast of Brazil]. [?]Sotalia [sp.], Carvalho, 1961, Rev. Brasil. Biol., 21(4): 444 [S. Atlantic: Brazil (Santos; Sao Paulo)]. Type: Originally a complete specimen but presumably now represented by skin and complete skeleton; in the Louvain Museum; collected by E. Van Bénéden. TYPE LocALity: Baia de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. DisTRIBUTION: Known with certainty only from the Baia de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, but range may extend southwest along coast at least as far as Santos, Sdo Paulo. Sotalia chinensis Osbeck Delphinus chinensis Osbeck, 1765, Reise nach Ostindien und China, Rostock, 1: 7.—Bonnaterre, 1789, Tabl. Encycl. Meth., Cétologie, p. 21 [in synonymy of Delphinus delphis; characters].—Blainville, 1817, in Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 9:158 [characters]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 23 D{elphinus] chinensis, Gray, 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 132 [listed]. Steno chinensis, Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 65 [classification]. Sotalia chinensis, G. M. Allen, 1938, Mammals of China and Mongolia, 1: 499 [N. Pacific: China (Amoy Harbor; Quemoy; Yangtze River to Hankow) ].—Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 553 [nomen- clature]. Delphinus sinensis Desmarest, 1822, Mammalogie, p. 514 [characters ex Osbeck].—Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 213 [China (Canton River); characters ex Osbeck].— Flower, 1870, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 7:151, pl. 17, fig. 2 (skull) [species inquirendum]. Sotalia sinensis, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36:153, pl. 1, fig. 3 (skull) [N. Pacific: China (Amoy Harbor; Canton River; Fuchow River) ]. [Sotalia sinensis], Harrison, 1960, Malaya Nat. Journ., 14: 89 [N. Pacific: Sarawak]. Type: None preserved; original description based on live animals observed in habitat. TYPE LocALity: Canton River. DisTRIBUTION: China seas, from Sarawak north along the Chinese coast and into the Canton and Fuchow Rivers, and 750 miles up the Yangtze, at least as far as Hankow. Sotalia borneensis Lydekker Sotalia borneensis Lydekker, 1901, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1901: 88, pl. 8 (animal), fig. 11 (skull).—Gibson Hill, 1949, Malayan and Nature Journ., 4: 58 [Sarawak to Siam’”]; 1950, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 5: 294 [S. Pacific: Sarawak]. Sousa borneensis, Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: pl. 25 (skull) [auditory system]. Type: Skeleton, British Museum (Natural History) captured Sept. 11, 1900, and purchased from E. Hose. TYPE LOCALITY: Sipang, mouth of Sarawak River, Sarawak, Malaysia. DisTRIBUTION: South China Sea from Sarawak to Gulf of Thailand. Sotalia lentiginosa Gray Steno [(Sousa)| lentiginosus, Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866: 213 [name and description from Owen, 1866, unpublished (see below) ]. Delphinus (Steno?) lentiginosus Owen, 1866, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 6: 20, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3 (animal) [description of type]. S{otalia] lentiginosus, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 489, 513 [characters; classification]. 24 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Sotalia lentiginosus, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 33 [type history].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 15, 155, pl. 2, fig. 3 (skull) [characters]. Sotalia lentiginosa, Deraniyagala, 1945, Spolia zeylanica, 24: 119, pl. 16 (animal) (Indian: Ceylon; external characters].—Barnard, 1954, Guide book to South African whales and dolphins, 4: 31 [skull in South African museum said to have been picked up on beach at Muizenberg, False Bay, South Africa, 1896].—Tietz, 1963, Ann. Cape Prov. Mus., 3: 68, fig. 1 (animal), figs. 2-3 (skull) [Indian: South Africa (Plettenburg Bay; Alagoa Bay); characters; comparisons]. Steno lentiginosus, Blanford, 1891, Fauna British India, p. 584, fig. 190 (animal) [Indian: India (Vizagapatam; Alibag, near Bombay); Ceylon (Aripo)]. Sousa lentiginosa, Iredale and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6: 68 [‘*?Queensland,” Australia]. Sotalia fergusont Lydekker, 1903, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 15: 411, pl. D (animal) [Indian: India (type locality: Trivandrum Beach, Madras, southern India); name based on a drawing and description supplied by Harold Ferguson, director of the Travancore Museum; type skeleton in British Museum].—Lydekker, 1909, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1908: 808 [a synonym of S. lentiginosus]. Type: Figure of entire animal and skull in British Museum (Natural History), no. 1476a—66.2.5.2, presented by Sir Walter Elliot. Type Locatiry: Waltair, Vizagapatam, Madras, Bay of Bengal, India. DistripuTIon: Bay of Bengal from Madras to Ceylon, west to South Africa, and questionably included among the cetaceans of Australian waters. Sotalia plumbea G. Cuvier Delphinus plumbeus G. Cuvier, 1829, Régne animal, ed. 2, 1: 288, ftn.— Pucheran, 1856, Rev. Mag. Zool., @), 8: 145, 315, 36270449 [characters]. Sotalia plumbeus [sic], Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 489, 513 [characters; classification]. Sotalia plumbea, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 21, 153, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2 (animal, skull) (characters; classification]|.—Bruyns, 1960, Malayan Nat. Journ., 14: 159, figs. pp. 164-5 (animal) [Indian: Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, Suez Canal; habits; local name: “‘darfeel” (Kuwait)]—Harrison, 1960, Malayan Nat. Journ., 14: 87 [N. Pacific: South China Sea (Sarawak)]. Steno plumbeus, Blanford, 1891, Fauna British India, p. 583 [Indian: India (Madras, Malabar, Karachi; Burma; Ceylon]. Sousa plumbea, Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 60 et seq., fig. 18 (pterygoid sinus), fig. 23 (air sac system) [auditory system]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 25 Type: Skull, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, no. a 3053; collected by Dussumier. Type LocaLity: Malabar, India, Bay of Bengal. DisTRIBUTION: From the coast of Sarawak in the South China Sea, west through the Straits of Malacca, the Bay of Bengal, and the Arabian and Red Seas to the Suez Canal. Sotalia teuszi Kiikenthal Sotalia téuszit Ktikenthal, 1892, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 6: 442, pl. 21 (skull).— Fraser, 1949, Journ. Mammal., 30: 274, pls. 1, 2 (skull) [N. Atlantic: Sénégal; characters].—Cadenat and Paraiso, 1957, Bull. Inst. Frangais Afrique Noire, 19(A): 324, fig. 1 (head), figs. 2, 3 (animal) [N. Atlantic: Sénégal; characters; piscivorous not herbivorous as claimed by Kiiken- thal].—Cadenat, 1959, Bull. Inst. Frangais Afrique Noire, 21(A): pls. 20-22 (animal) [N. Atlantic: Sénégal; stomach contents fish; definitely not herbivorous]. Type: Skull, presumably in the Jena Natural History Museum; pre- sented by Edward Téusz. Type LocALity: Bay of Warships, Cameroons, West Africa. DistRisuTion: West African coast and mouths of rivers from Sénégal to Cameroons. Genus STENELLA Gray Clymene Gray, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864: 237 [subgenus of Delphinus Linnaeus; type species: D. euphrosyne Gray, by monotypy; generic name preoccupied by Clymene Lamarck, 1818, a polychaete, and by Savigny, 1822, a polychaete]. Stenella Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866: 213 [subgenus of Steno Gray; type species: Steno attenuatus Gray, by monotypy].— Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 59 et seq., fig. 26 (table) [auditory system; classification]. Euphrosyne Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866: 214 [subgenus of Clymene Gray; included species: C. microps Gray, C. alope Gray, C. euphrosyne Gray (type by tautonomy); name preoccupied by Euphrosyne Miegen, 1800, a genus of Diptera]. Clymenia Gray, 1868, Synopsis of whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 6 [emendation of Clymene Gray, 1864; generic name preoccupied by Clymenia Savi, 1817, a genus of Vermes and Munster, 1834, a mollusk, and Orsted, 1844, a worm].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 495, 499, 512 [taxonomy; type species: Delphinus longirostris Gray]. Micropia Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 6 [subgenus of Clymenia; type species: Clymenia stenorhyncha Gray (=Delphinus microps Gray), by virtual tautonomy and monotypy]. 760—433—65——_3 26 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Prodelphinus Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 604 [substitute for Clymenia Gray, 1868].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 418 [taxonomy].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 61, 162 [taxonomy].—Winge, 1942, In- terrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 251, 286 [characters; relationships]. Fretidelphis Iredale and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6: 65 [type species: Delphinus roseiventris Wagner (=Delphinus longirostris Gray), by original designation]. Type: Steno attenuatus Gray, by monotypy. DistRIBUTION: Cold to tropical waters of the Atlantic (including the Mediterranean) and Pacific; from Greenland and Bering seas to the coastal waters of Cape of Good Hope, Cape Horn, and Australia; Indian Ocean. Stenella asthenops Cope Delphinus asthenops Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 200, 201. Clymenia esthenops [sic], Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 72 [classification]. Clymenia aesthenops [sic], Dall, in Scammon, 1874, Marine mammals of the north-western coast of North America, p. 267 [type “‘skull only, Mus. Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, Mass.”’]. Types: Two skulls, Academy of Natural Sciences nos. 595, 596. TypE LOCALITY: Unknown. DistripuTion: Unknown. Stenella clymene Gray Delphinus Metis Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 39, pl. 18 [type a skull only without data, in British Museum; not D. metis Gray, no. 1, of page 38]. Delphinus Clymene Gray, 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 115 [renaming of D. meiis, no. 2, in Gray, 1846, Zoology . . . Erebus and Terror, 1: 39 (not no. 1 or fig.) ; no locality]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 249 [characters]. Delphinus clymene, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 498 [D. dubius group; normalis Gray a synonym].—Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., no. 1, p. 66 [regarded as distinct from Stenella doris (=JStenella frontalis) |. [Prodelphinus| clymene, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1034 [classifi- cation]. Clymene normalis Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866: 214 [new name for Delphinus Clymene Gray]. Clymenia normalis, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 6 [classification]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 70 [characters; same as clymene Gray]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 27 Prodelphinus normalis, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1036. Type: Skull only, British Museum (Natural History), no. 350a. Type LocALiry: Unknown. DistripuTION: Unknown. Stenella coeruleoalbus Meyen Delphinus ceruleo-albus Meyen, 1833, Nova Acta Acad. Cesareae Nat. Curios., 16(2): 609, 610, pl. 43, fig. 2 (animal).—Wagner, 1846, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, 7: 336, pl. 363 (animal), pl. 364 (skull) [characters]. Delphinus c@ruleo-albus [sic], Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 42 [characters].—Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile (1), Zool. (6), pl. 1, fig. 1 (animal, ex Meyen) [characters]. Lagenorhynchus caruleo-albus [sic], Gray, 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 100 [S. Pacific: Argentina (Rio de La Plata)].—Cassin, 1858, U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1838-42, 1(Mammalia): 31; Atlas, pl. 6, fig. 2 (animal) [Pacific; Delphinus albirostratus Peale 1848 a synonym].—Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 268 (characters; Delphinus albirostratus Peale a synonym]. Lagenorrhynchus [sic] c@ruleo-albus [sic], Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Publ., Buenos Aires, 1: 307 [S. Atlantic: Argentina]. Prodelphinus ceruleo-albus, ‘True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 62, 163, pl. 14, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [taxonomy; characters of type skull; resembles P. euphrosyne and P. doris].—Figueira, 1894, Anal. Mus. Nac. Montevideo, 3: 11 (separate) [S. Atlantic: Uruguay; Argentina (Rio de La Plata)].—Lahille, 1899, Primera reunién del Congreso Latinoamericano, 3: 200 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Rio de La Plata) ].—True, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16: 143 [taxonomy].— Okada, 1936, Sci. Rep. Tokyo Univ. Lit. Sci., Sect. B, 3(44): 1-16, figs. 1-5 (skeleton), pl. 1 (animal), pls. 2-4 (skeleton) [N. Pacific: Japan (fish markets of Tokyo, Chuba-ken, Shizuoka-ken) ; characters; synonyms: stylx [sic] Gray, dorcides Gray, marginatus Pucheran].— Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 333 [characters]—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos sudameri- canos, p. 296 [characters].—Bobrinski, 1944, Mammals of U.S.S.R., p. 216, fig. 145 (animal ex Meyen), fig. 146 (skull ex Meyen) [N. Pacific: U.S.S.R.: Siberia]. Stenella ca@ruleo-albus [sic], Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9(Cetacea): 554, fig. 96 (animal), fig. 97 (skull), fig. 98 (pectoral limb bones, sternum) [characters; taxonomy; syn- onyms: Delphinus euphrosyne Gray, D. styx Gray, D. tethyos Gervais, Tursio dorcides Gray, Clymene dorides Gray, Delphinus marginatus Duvernoy 28 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 in Pucheran].—Nishiwaki and Kamiya, 1958, Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., 13: 54 [N. Pacific: Japan]. Stenella caruleo-albus [sic] c@rulo-albus [sic], Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9(Cetacea): 561 [oceans of the far east’’?]|.—Tomilin, 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 155, fig. 48 (skull) [N. Pacific: Kuriles, Japan, Canada, U.S.A. (Washington, Oregon); S. Pacific: New Zealand]. Stenella caruleoalbus, Scheffer, 1960, Murrelet, 31(2): 23 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Olympia, Washington) ; classification]. Stenella caruleoalba, Scheffer and Rice, 1963, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep., 431: 6 [listed]. Delphinus Styx Gray 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia)(3): 39, pl. 2 (skull) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality); type a skull only, formerly in the museum of the Royal United Service Institution and figured by Gray (1868, Synopsis whales Brit. Mus., pl. 21), now lost (cf. True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: -63))3) 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. “Muss s/Cetaceaye js ely) [S. Atlantic: West Africa; type skull, collected by W. T. W. Owen, in Museum of the United Service Institution]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 250 [characters; “‘may prove to be only a variety”’ of euphrosyne Gray]. Clymenia Styx, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins, Brit. Mus., p. 6, pl. 21 (skull) [characters]; 1871, Suppl. cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 70 [Atlantic: West Africa; N. Pacific]. Stenella Styx, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951, Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946, pp. 732-733 [taxonomic notes; distribution].—Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 657 [N. Atlantic: South Greenland to Jamaica; N. Pacific: Bering Sea to 10 miles south of Columbia River, Oregon]. Delphinus Euphrosyne Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 40, pls. 22, 31 (skull) [type a skull only in the museum of the College of Surgeons, London]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 117 [characters of several skulls without data]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 251 [N. Atlantic: England; S. Atlantic: Argentina (Rio de La Plata, mouth, Buenos Aires); characters; synonyms: Delphinus holbélli Eschricht, D. styx Gray]. Clymene euphrosyne, Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866: 214 [classification]. Clymenia Euphrosyne, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins, Brit. Mus., p. 6, pls. 22, 31 (skulls) [characters]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 70 [N. Atlantic; North Sea].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 497, 512 [taxonomy; characters; history of types; synonyms: Delphinus styx Gray, Clymenia euphrosynoides Gray, CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 29 Tursio dorides Gray, Clymenia marginatus Duvernoy (in Pucheran), Delphinus tethyos Gervais]. Prodelphinus euphrosyne, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 29 [skull of D. euphrosyne ‘‘var. rather smaller’’ of Gray (1846, Zoology . . . Erebus and Terror, 1: 40, pl. 31)=type of Clymenia euphrosynoides].— True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 63, 67, 163, pl. 15, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [Atlantic: Greenland; Great Britain (Shetland and Orkney Islands); France; Mediterranean Sea; Jamaica; between St. Paul and Ascencion Islands; South Africa; characters; taxonomy ; synonyms: styx Gray, tethyos Gervais, marginatus Pucheran, dorcides Gray, dorides Gray, euphrosynoides Gray].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 260 [characters; synonymy].—Fraser, 1938, in Norman and Fraser, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 333 [characters]. Stenella euphrosyne, Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 582 [S. Pacific: New Zealand].—Norris and Prescott, 1961, Univ. Cali- fornia Publ. Zool., 63: 306 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Playa del Rey, Los Angeles Co., California); capture; morphology; comparison with published descriptions of coeruleoalbus]. Plrodelphinus| cloeruleo|-a[lbus] euphrosyne, Bobrinski, 1944, Mammals of the U.S.S.R., p. 216 [N. Pacific; classification]. Stenella caeruleo-albus [sic] euphrosyne, Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9(Cetacea): 561 [N. Atlantic: Baltic and Barents Seas; name for the Atlantic race]; 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 155, fig. 48 (skull) [N. Atlantic: Great Britain, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Greenland (southwest coast), Canada, Jamaica; S. Atlantic: Ascension Island, South Africa, Argentina]. [Prodelphinus| euphrosine [sic], Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1034 [listed]. [?] Delphinus Holbollii Eschricht, 1847, Naturf. Mot., Kopenhagen, ex Nilson, 1847, Skand. Fauna, 1: 595 [works not seen, cited ex Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 251]. [?] Delphinus albirostratus Peale, 1848, U.S. Exploring Expedition, Mam- malia, p. 34 [S. Pacific (type locality: 2°47’5’’ S., 174913’ W.); no specimen in collection].—Poole and Schantz, 1942, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 178: 575 [type lost]. Delphinus lateralis Peale, 1848, U.S. Exploring Expedition, Mammalia, p. 35, pl. 8, fig. 1 (animal) [N. Pacific (type locality: 13°58’ N., 161°22’ W.); type collected by U.S. Exploring Expedition; type not preserved]. Lagenorhynchus lateralis, Cassin, 1858, U.S. Exploring Expedition, Mam- malia, p. 35, pl. 7, fig. 1 (animal) [characters ex Peale; no specimen in collection]. 30 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Prodelphinus (?) lateralis, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 65, 164, pl. 15, fig. 3 (animal) [taxonomy].—True, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16: 134 (in text) [comparison with Delphinus amphitriteus Philippil. Delphinus tethyos Gervais, 1853, Bull. Soc. Agric. Hérault, 40: 150 [N. Atlantic: France (type locality: Valreas, mouth of Orb River); type a skull only, in Paris Museum]. Orca tethyos, Gerrard, 1865, Cat. Osteol. Brit. Mus., p. 155 [skull]. Prodelphinus tethyos, Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Osté- ographie des cétacés, p. 605, pl. 38, fig. 2 (skull) [classification]. Delphinus marginatus Pucheran, 1868, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 8: 545 [N. Atlantic: France (type locality: Dieppe); type skull in Paris Museum]. Prodelphinus marginatus, Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 605, pl. 38, fig. 1 (skull, ear bones) [classi- fication ]. Tursio Dorcides Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 400 [type locality unknown; type a skull in Brit. Mus., no. 1473a—61.4.1.7]. Clymene dorides Gray ,1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866: 241 [new name for Tursio dorcides Gray, 1866]. Clymenia dorides, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 6 [classification]. Prodelphinus doreides [sic], Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1034 [misspelling; listed]. Clymenia euphrosynoides Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 6, pl. 31 (skull) [mew name for Delphinus euphrosyne Gray]. Clymenia euphrosynoides, Gray, 1871, Suppl. cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 71 [new name for Delphinus euphrosyne Gray, 1846]. [Prodelphinus] euphrosinoides [sic], Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1034 [classification]. Clymene similis Gray, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868: 146, fig. 2 (palate) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: Cape of Good Hope); type skull in British Museum, no. 15090.] Clymenia similis, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 6 [classification]. Clymenia Burmeisteri Malm, 1871, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. HandL., 9(2): 63, pl. 6, fig. 54a-545 (skull) [S. Atlantic: Brazil (type locality) ; type skull in Riksmuseum, Stockholm, collected by M. Huss].—Liitken, 1889, Vid. Selsk. Skrift., Copenhagen, (6), 5(1): 25, 59 [synonym of Prodelphinus euphrosyne Gray]. [Prodelphinus?] burmeisteri, Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 766 [classification ]. [?] Prodelphinus Petersit Liitken, 1889, Vid. Selsk. Skrift., Copenhagen, (6), 5(1): 40 (table), 43, fig. (skull) [Indian (type locality); type a skeleton |. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 31 Delphinus amphitriteus Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1), Zool., 6: 7, pl. 1, fig. 3 (animal) [S. Atlantic (type locality: 29° 15’ S.); type a female, captured in 1851 by R. A. Philippi on his voyage from Ham- burg, Germany, to Valparaiso, Chile]. Prodelphinus amphitriteus, ‘True, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16: 134 [comparison; classification]. Type: Skeleton in Zoological Museum, Berlin. TYPE LOCALITY: East coast of South America in the vicinity of the Rio de La Plata. DisTRIBUTION: In the western Atlantic: from southern Greenland to the Caribbean (Jamaica) and Rio de La Plata (35° S.), Argentina; in the eastern Atlantic: from the North Sea to the northern, western, and southern African seas; in the eastern Pacific: from the Bering Sea to Los Angeles County, Calif.; and in the western Pacific: in Siberian, Japanese, and New Zealand waters. Stenella crotaphiscus Cope Delphinus crotaphiscus Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p: 200, 203: Clymenia crotaphiscus, Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 72 [classification]. Clymenia crotaphisca [sic], Dall, in Scammon, 1874, Marine mammals of north-western North America, p. 288 [listed]. [Prodelphinus| crotaphiscus, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1034 [classi- fication]. TypE: Skull, Museum Peabody Academy, Salem, Massachusetts; pre- sented by F. W. Putnam. TYPE LocALITy: Unknown. DistripuTion: Unknown. Stenella dubia G. Cuvier D{elphinus| dubius G. Cuvier, 1812, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 19: 9-10, 14 [‘‘dauphin 4 140 dents’’].—Cuvier, 1829, Régne Animal, 1: 288 [N. Atlantic: France].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 498 [characters; affinities]|—Pucheran, 1856, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 8: 449 [characters of type skull in Paris museum; regarded as distinct from D. plumbeus Cuvier]. Delphinus dubius, Desmarest, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 9: 158 [char- acters]|.—Gray, 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 119 [N. Atlantic: France; 3 skulls in Paris museum including type of frontalis Cuvier]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 253 [characters of skulls in Paris museum].—Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 72 [re- garded as most nearly related to Stenella attenuata Gray]. 32 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Delph{inus) dubius, Cuvier, 1829, Régne Animal, 1: 288 [N. Atlantic: France]. Prodelphinus dubius, Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéo- graphie des cétacés, p. 605 [classification]. Cllymenia] dubia, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 512 [classification]. Delphinus malayanus Lesson, 1826a, Voyage autour du Monde sur la Corvette . . . La Coquille, Zoology, 1(1): 184; Atlas, pl. 9, fig. 5 (animal) [N. Pacific: South China Sea (type locality: Karimata Strait between Java and Borneo); type captured at sea but not known to have been preserved]; 1826b, Ferussac Bull. Sci. Nat., 7: 373 [descrip- tion].—Blanford, 1891, Fauna British India, p. 588 [Indian: Sundarban Islands, Bay of Bengal; attenuatus Gray regarded as a synonym]. Steno Malayanus, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 232 [characters; synonyms: Delphinus capensis Rapp (cf. Stenella dubia), D. Rappii Reichenbach (cf. Stenella dubia) |. Prodelphinus malayanus, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 67, 165, pl. 16, fig. 1 (animal), pl. 2 (skull) [characters].—Weber, 1923, Die Cetaceen der Siboga-Expedition, Siboga Expeditie, 58: 8 [S. Pacific: Indonesia (Lamakera, Solor; Java); Java Sea (between Java and Celebes); Indian; synonyms: velox Cuvier, brevimanus Wagner, at- tenuatus Gray, pseudo-delphis Wiegmann, capensis Gray, punctatus Gray]. D{elphinus] velox Cuvier, 1829, Régne Animal, ed. 2, 1: 288 [Indian: Ceylon (type locality) ]. Delphinus pseudodelphis Wiegmann, 1840 (or earlier), Schreber’s Saug- thiere, pl. 358 (skull) [no text].—Schlegel, 1841, Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie, 1(Ceta- ceen): 22 [referred skull in Leiden Museum; regarded as nearest Delphinus malayanus Lesson].—Wagner, 1846, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, 7: 332 [characters; no locality or collector’s data].—True, 1894, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 17: 36 [name published before 1841; regarded as a nomen nudum antedating attenuatus Gray]. Stenella pseudodelphis, Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 583 [S. Pacific: New Zealand; regarded as conspecific with malayanus Lesson and frenatus F. Cuvier]. [?] Delphinus loriger Wiegmann, 1841 (?), Schreber’s Saéugthiere, pl. 362 (animal) [plate, no text].—Wagner, 1846, Schreber’s Saugthiere, 7: 335 [comparisons; no locality]. Delphinus attenuatus Gray, 1843, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 105 [India? skull presented by Mrs. Ince; a nomen nudum]. Steno attenuatus Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 44, pl. 28 (skull) [locality unknown]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 130 [S. Atlantic: Chile (Cape Horn); characters; Delphinus pseudodelphis Schreber may be same]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., pp. 235, 394 [S. Atlantic: CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 33 Chile (Cape Horn); sea west of Cape of Good Hope; Indian: Bay of Bengal]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 66 [Indian: India]—Malm, 1871, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Akad. Handl., 9(2): 51 [cranial characters].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 498 [characters; comparisons]. S[teno] attenuatus, Gray, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 6: 393 [classi- fication]. C[lymenia] (Steno) attenuatus, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 512 [taxonomy]. Prodelphinus attenuatus, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 30 [Indian: Séchelles Islands; S. Atlantic: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope); Steno capensis Gray a synonym; type skull received from South African Museum].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 67-71, 165, pl. 17, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (near St. Paul Island, Cape of Good Hope); synonyms: Delphinus pseudodelphis Wiegmann, 1846, Clymene punctata Gray, 1865, Steno capensis Gray, 1865].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 260 [N. Atlantic; S. Atlantic: Chile (Cape Horn); South Africa (Cape of Good Hope); Indian: India (Bay of Bengal); synonyms: pseudo- delphis Wiegmann, capensis Gray, punctata Gray|.—True, 1903, Bull. U.S. Fish Commission, 1903: 41, pl. 1 (animal), pl. 2 (skull) [Pacific: Hawaii; characters; comparisons; capensis Gray a synonym].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 332 [characters; Atlantic (tropical and subtropical parts) ]. Plrodelphinus] attenuatus, True, 1894, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 17: 33 [Indian: Amirante Island, Alphonse Island, Providence Island, Johanna Island; characters; comparisons; synonyms: Delphinus pseudo- delphinus Wiegmann, Steno capensis Gray, Clymene punctata Gray]. Stenella attenuata, Iredale and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6: 66 [S. Pacific: Australia (Tasmania); nomenclature].—Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 62 [characters; comparisons; synonyms: Steno capensis Gray, Clymene punctata Gray].—Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 655 [N. Pacific: Hawaiian Islands].— Scheffer and Rice, 1963, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep., 431: 6 [regarded as possibly identical with §. malayana Lesson, 1826]. Nishiwaki, Nakajuma, Kamiya, 1965, Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., 19: 53, figs. 1-3 (animal), pls. 1-6 (osteology) [N. Pacific: Japan (Arari Bay); characters; habits; local name: “arari-iruka’’]. Delphinus brevimanus Wagner, 1846, Schreber’s Séugthiere, 7: pl. 361, fig. 2 (animal) [colored plate, without text, ex Hombron and Jacquinot, 1842-1853, Voy. au Péle Sud, Astrolabe et la Zélée, Atlas, pl. 21, fig. 2].—Pucheran, 1853, Voyage au Péle Sud . . . 1’Astrolabe et la Zélée, Zoologie, 3: 38, 42; Atlas, pl. 21, fig. 2 (animal), pl. 23, figs. 7, 8 (skull) [Indian: Straits of Banda and Singapore; presumably in Paris Museum]. 34 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Steno? brevimanus, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 236 [Indian: Straits of Banda and Singapore; characters of supposed type skull; synonyms: “dauphin a petit pectoral’? Pucheran, microbrachium Gray]. Prodelphinus brevimanus, Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 605 [classification]. Delphinus? microbrachium Gray, 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 119 [name based on the “‘dauphin a petit pectoral, Voy. Péle Sud, t. 21, f. 2; t. 23, f. 7, 8’; no locality; type a skull in the Paris museum labelled “‘dauphin 4a petit pectoral’’]. Delphinus capensis, Rapp (not Gray 1828), 1837, Die Cetaceen, p. 31, pl. 2, fig. 1 (animal) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope)]. Steno Capensis, Gray 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 522 [S. Pacific: South Africa (type locality: Cape of Good Hope); type in South African Museum, collected by Capt. Carew, later presented to British Museum]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 394 [characters]. C[lymenia] (Steno) Capensis, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 512 [classification]. [Prodelphinus] capensis, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1035 [classi- fication]. Delphinus Rappii Reichenbach, 1845, Synopsis Mammalium, Leipzig, 1: 12, pl. 18, fig. 57 (ex Rapp) [mame based on D. capensis Rapp (not Gray)]; 1846, Vollst. Naturg. Cataceen, p. 117, pl. 18, fig. 57 [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: Cape of Good Hope); name based on Delphinus Capensis Rapp (not Gray), mounted skin and skull in Stuttgart Museum]. Clymene punctata Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 738.— True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 67, 69 [taxonomy; a synonym of attenuatus]. Delphinus punctatus, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 398, fig. 101 (animal) [N. Atlantic: 16° 40’ N., 21° W.]. Types: One or more skulls only, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. According to Gray (1850, Cat. Cetacea, p. 119) three skulls, nos. 2, 7, 10, are labelled dubius. True (1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 73) lists six Paris museum skulls without locality; nos. 3036, 3030, 3039, 3038, 3032, 3040. Fraser (1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 72) refers to four of these, of which one presumably is the holotype redescribed by Pucheran (1856, Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 449). Type LocaALity: Not given in original description; later the specimen was said to be “un qui vient sur nos cétes [i.e., of France]’’? (Cuvier, 1827, Régne animal, 1: 288). According to Gray (1850, Cat. Cetacea, pp. 119, 120), one of the three skulls examined by him is from ‘‘Cap Verd,’’ the CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 30 others without locality. Gray believed, however, that the “Cap Verd”’ specimen might be the type of D. frontalis Cuvier. DisTRIBUTION: South Atlantic (Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn), Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean (New Zealand; South China Sea; Japanese seas; Hawaii). The French coast (dubia) and Cape Horn (attenuata) records are not confirmed. Stenella frontalis G. Cuvier D{elphinus] frontalis G. Cuvier, 1829, Régne Animal, 1: 288.—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 261 [synonyms: doris Gray, clymene Gray, normalis Gray]. Delphinus frontalis, Pucheran, 1856, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 8: 456 [charac- ters; comparisons]. Prodelphinus frontalis, Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéo- graphie des cétacés, p. 605, pl. 38, fig. 3 (skull) [classification]. [Clymenia] frontalis, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 512 [classification]. Stenella frontalis, Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 61 [characters; tax- onomy; synonyms: fraenatus Cuvier, doris Gray].—Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 655 (Atlantic: U.S.A. (North Carolina; Florida)].—Hall and Kelson, 1959, Mammals of North America, p. 817 [Atlantic: U.S.A. (“North Carolina; Fort Macon, thence southward to South American waters’); part synonymy].— Scheffer and Rice, 1963, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep., 431: 6 [fraenata F. Cuvier a synonym; possibly identical with S. dubia G. Cuvier, 1812]. Delphinus frenatus F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 155, pl. 10, fig. 1 [N. Atlantic (type locality: 30 leagues south of Cape Verde Islands); collected by Dussumier].—C. F. Cuvier, 1842, in Geoffroy and Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 7: 6 [name for colored figure and text of the “dauphin bridé” of F. Cuvier, op. cit., vol. 6, fasc. 58, September 1829].—Pucheran, 1856, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 8: 456 [characters; comparisons]. Delphinus frenatus [sic], Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 39 [characters]; 1850, Cat. Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 115 [characters ex type skull in Paris Museum]. Tursio frenatus, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 256 [characters; variant name frenatus cited in text]. Prodelphinus franatus, Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 605, pl. 38, fig. 4 (skull) [classification]. [Clymenia] frenata, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 512 [classification ]. Prodelphinus frenatus [sic], True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 68, 70, 73, 166, pl. 19, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull), pl. 20, fig. 1 (animal) 36 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 [N. Atlantic: St. Helen, Fernando Po, Cape Verde Islands; Indian: Madagascar; taxonomy; characters; synonyms: Delphinus frontalis, D. doris, D. clymene, D. normalis, ?D. dubius].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 332 [characters; distribution]. Prodelphinus frenatus, Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 261 [characters]. Delphinus Doris Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 39, pl. 20 (skull) [locality unknown; type skull in British Museum]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 114 [characters; no locality]. Tursio Doris, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., pp. 255, 400 [characters; S. Atlantic: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope)]. Clymene doris, Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1866: 214 [classifica- tion]. Clymenia Doris, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 6, pl. 20 (skull) [characters]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 70 [listed]. Clymenia doris, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 498, 499, 512 [N. Atlantic: St. Helena (labelled Delphinus dubius in Paris museum) ; Cap Verd (frenatus Cuvier in Paris museum); Cap Verd (frontalis Cuvier in Paris museum)]. Prodelphinus doris, ‘True, 1885, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884: 317, pls. 1, 2 (animal), pls. 3-6 (skull) [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Pensacola, Florida; Hatteras, N.C.); characters; comparisons; Delphinus plagiodon Cope a synonym|].—Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 29 [N. Atlantic: Fernando Po; dubius Flower probably a synonym; skull 350a type of clymene Gray and normalis Gray].—Liitken, 1889, Vid. Selsk. Skrift., Copenhagen, (6) Nat. Math., 5(1): 31 [near Porto Rico, 10° N., 39° W.]. Delphinus mediterraneus Loche, 1860, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 12: 475, pl. 22, fig. 2 (animal) [N. Atlantic: Algeria (type locality); type skin (and skull?), Natural History Museum of Algiers]. Delphinus delphis mediterranea [sic], Nobre, 1900, Ann. Sci. Nat., Porto, 6: 50 [N. Atlantic: Portugal]. Prodelphinus sp., Cadenat and Lassarat, 1959, Bull. Inst. Francais Afrique Noire, 21(A): 779, figs. 1-7 (animal, head, beak), figs. 8-10 (foetus), figs. 11-14 (skull) [N. Atlantic: Ivory Coast]. Type: Skull, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, no. A 3035; collected by M. Dussumier. Type Locatity: Near Cape Verde Islands, North Atlantic, off the coast of Africa. DisTRIBUTION: In eastern Atlantic: from near Cape Verde Islands (15° N.) to off the Cape of Good Hope (40° S.); in western Atlantic: from North Carolina to Florida but not recorded from South American waters; CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 37 present in Japanese seas according to Kuroda (1938, List of Japanese mammals, p. 16). Stenella graffmani Lénnberg Prodelphinus graffmani Lonnberg, 1934, Ark. Zool. Stockholm, 26A(19): 1, fig. p. 5 (pectoral fin), pl. (animal). Stenella graffmani, Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 85 (in text) [Pacific: Colombia (Gorgona Island)|].—Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 656 [distribution]|]—Van Gelder, 1960 American Mus. Novit., 1992: 15 [N. Pacific: Mexico (Maria Mag- dalena Island and Tres Marias Islands, Nayarit; 8 miles southwest of Punta Maldonado)]. S[tenella] graffmani, Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 65 [characters; comparisons]. Type: Skin and damaged skull in the Natural History State Museum, Stockholm; collected November or December 1933 by Holger Graffman. TypE LocALITy: Off the beach approximately 20 miles north of Aca- pulco, Guerrero, Mexico. DistriBuTION: Eastern Pacific, from Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, south, following the coast to Panama and Isla Gorgona off the western coast of Colombia. Stenella longirostris Gray Delphinus longirostris Gray, 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica, 1: 1.—Schlegel, 1841, Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie, 1(Cetacea): 19, pls. 1, 2 (skull of type), pl. 4, fig. 1 (teeth) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope); N. Pacific: Japan; characters; type a skull from Dr. Brooke’s collection now in the Leiden Museum and figured in the cited plates.|—Temminck, 1842, Fauna Japonica, Mammiféres marins, p. 13, pl. 24 (animal) [N. Pacific: Japan; characters]|.—Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 42 [characters]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 125 [characters]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 241 [characters]—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1883: 503, 504 [distinction from the Dussumier Malabar skull of Delphinus longirostris Cuvier (not Gray), 1829, Rég. Anim., p. 288, and Delphinus capensis Gray|].—Jentink, 1887, Mus. Nat. Hist. Pays Bas, 9: 173 [type skull in Leiden Museum].—Layne, 1965, Bull. Florida State Mus., 9(4): 159, fig. 3 (animal), fig. 4 (skull) [N. Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Dog Island, Franklin Co., Florida); characters]. [Clymenia] longirostris, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 499, 504, 512 [characters; type in Leiden Museum]. Prodelphinus longirostris, Flower, 1885, Cat. Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 31 [Delphinus stenorhynchus Gray a synonym; D. microps Gray “probably the same’*|—True, 1889; Bull. U:S. Nat. Mus., 36: 75, 166, pl. 12, 38 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 fig. 2 (skull), pl. 20, fig. 2 (skull) [type locality: “Cape of Good Hope”’; type in Leiden Museum; Pacific: between Panama and Galapagos Islands; Australia; characters; synonyms: microps Gray, alope Gray, stenorhynchus Gray].—Lahille, 1899, Primera reunién del congreso latinoamericano, 3: 36 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Buenos Aires)].— Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 262 [part; S. Atlantic: Brazil; Chile (Cape Horn); Pacific: Japan, Galapagos, Australia]; 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool., Buenos Aires, p. 60 [part; S. Atlantic: Argentina (coast of Buenos Aires).—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos sudameri- canos, p. 296 [Pacific: Panama, Galapagos Islands; S. Atlantic: east of Buenos Aires].—Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 104 S. Pacific: Chile; key characters].—Cadenat, 1959, Bull. Inst. Frangais Afrique Noire, 21(A): 1394 [N. Atlantic: Sénégal]. Prodelphinus longirostris?, Cadenat and Doutre, 1959, Bull. Inst. Frangais Afrique Noire, 21(A): 787, figs. 1-17 (animals), figs. 18-23 (skulls), fig. 24 (sternum) [N. Atlantic: Sénégal; characters]. [Prodelphinus] longirostris, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1036 [classi- fication; part; synonyms: microps Gray, stenorhynchus Gray, Steno consimilis Malm]. Plrodelphinus| longirostris, Schneider, 1946, Bol. Soc. Concepcidn (Chile), 21: 79 [S. Pacific: Chile (Concepcién)].—Yafiez, 1948, Rev. Biol. Marina, Valparaiso, 1: 114 [S. Pacific: Chile (north to Chiloé)]. Stenella longirostris, Iredale and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6: 66 [S. Pacific: Australia]|—Moore, 1953, American Midl. Nat., 49: 132 [N. Atlantic: Turtle Rocks, west of Bahamas, 25°41’ N., 79°20’ W.].—Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 656 [type locality: ‘‘not Cape of Good Hope as ordinarily cited’’; N. Atlantic: between Panama and Galapagos]. Delphinus Alope Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): pl. 32 (animal) [no text]; 1850, Cat. Cet., p. 118 [characters; skull only from Mr. Warwick’s collection; habitat unknown]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., pp. 252, 399 [S. Atlantic: Chile (Gape Horn)]. Dlelphinus] alope, Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 261 [synonyms: microps, stenorhynchus]. Clymene alope, Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866: 214 [classi- fication]. Clymenia Alope, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 6, pl. 32 (skull) [characters]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 70 [S. Atlantic: Chile (Cape Horn)]. Prodelphinus alope, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 31 [type; skull figured in pl. 32 of supplementary plates in Gray, 1846, Zoology 2.) erebusvand error,’ 1), Stenella alope, Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 66 [comparisons; not the ““Prodelphinus alope”’ of the Copenhagen Museum (= Stenella attenuata) |.— CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 39 Ellerman and Morrison Scott, 1951, Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals, pp. 732 (in text), 733 [Indian: Ceylon; “Dr. Fraser considers it to be a valid species’’]. Delphinus microps Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 42, pl. 25 (skull) [no locality given]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 126 [S. Atlantic: Brazil; characters; comparisons; type skull only in the Haslar Hospital Mu- seum, London]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., pp. 240, 395 [part; S. Atlantic: Brazil]—Burmeister, 1867, Anal. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, 1: 306 [S. Atlantic]—Van Bénéden, 1873, Mem. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles, 41: 4 (S. Atlantic: Brazil]—Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 594 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (mouth of Rio de la Plata); probably a synonym of Sotalia brasiliensis Van Bénéden].—Figueira, 1894, Anal. Mus. Nac. Mon- tevideo, 2: 11 (separate) [S. Atlantic: Uruguay; local name: “tonina’’]. Clymene microps, Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866: 214 [classification]. Clymenia microps, Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 69 [S. Atlantic: Brazil]—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 499, 500 (classification; Delphinus roseiventer Hombron and Jaquinot a synonym]. Prodelphinus microps, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 31 [type figured in Gray, 1846, Zoology ... Erebus and Terror, 1: pl. 25; probably same as P. longirostris]. Stenella microps, Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 656 [N. Pacific: Mexico (Tres Marias Islands, off Nayarit, Mexico, 22° N.)].—Van Gelder, 1960, American Mus. Novit., 1992: 15 [N. Pacific: Mexico (Tres Marias); comparison with Jongirostris, cranial proportions virtually the same].—Hester, Hunter and Whitney, 1963, Journ. Mammal., 44: 586, fig. (animals spinning) [jumping and spinning behavior]. Delphinus roseiventris Wagner, 1846, Schreber’s Saugthiere, 7: pl. 360 (animal) [colored plate, without text, of the ‘dauphin a ventre rouge” of Hombron and Jaquinot, 1842-1853, Atlas, Zoology, Voyage au Péle Sud . . . l’Astrolabe et la Zélée, pl. 22, fig. 2]|—Pucheran and Jaquinot, 1853, Voyage au Péle Sud . . . l’Astrolabe et la Zélée, Zool., 3: 39 (Indian: Moluccas (type locality); type a skull in Paris Museum].—Scheffer and Rice, 1963, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep., 431: 6 [Indian: “Banda Sea and Torres Strait’’]. Steno roseiventris, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 233 [characters]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 66 [‘‘skull not seen by me’’]. Prodelphinus roseiventris, Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 605, pl. 38, fig. 6 (skull) [classification]. 40 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 C[lymenia] roseiventris, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 500, 512 [classification; “certainly the same as microps’’ (=longirostris) ]. Fretidelphis roseiventris, Iredale and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6: 65 [classification]. Delphinus stenorhynchus Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., pp. 240 (specimen b under Delphinus microps), 396 (name) [locality unknown; type in British Museum]. Clymene stenorhynchus, Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866: 214 [classification]. Clymenia stenorhyncha, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 6 [classification]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 69 [locality unknown]. Steno consimilis Malm, 1871, Kong. Svensk. Vetensk. Handl., 9: 104, pl. 6, figs. 53a,b (skull) [Indian: Madagascar (type locality); type skeleton in Technological Institute, Norrképing, Sweden]. S[tenella] Longirostris Kunitomot Nishiwaki, 1957, Coll. Rep. Fish Sci., Tokyo Univ. Press, p. 151 [N. Pacific: Japan (Goto Island, southwest Kyushu) ; nomen nudum listed as ““Ogawa’s long-snouted dolphin” ].— Imaizumi, 1958, Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 25(5-6): 9 [N. Pacific: Japan (Kyushu); type skull in Tokyo Museum; nomen nudum]. Type: Skull only, originally in the Joshua Brookes Museum, now in the Leiden Museum (cf. Schlegel, 1841, Abhandl. Gebiete Zool. Vergl. Anat., 1: 19; Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 449). Type LocALtity: Unknown. DisTRIBUTION: In the Pacific: from Tres Marias Islands, off coast of Nayarit, Mexico, south to Cape Horn, and from Japan to Australia; in western Atlantic: from west of the Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico, and Brazil to Cape Horn; in eastern Atlantic: from Sénégal to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa; in the Indian Ocean: recorded from Ceylon. Stenella pernettyi Blainville. Delphinus [(Delphinorhynchus)] pernettensis Blainville, in Desmarest, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 9: 154. Delphinus Pernettyi Desmarest, 1822, Mammalogie, p. 543 [characters; valid emendation of specific name]. Delphinorhynchus Pernettyi Lesson, 1827, Manuel Mamm., p. 406 [char- acters]. Delphinus Pernetyi [sic], True, 1885, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884: 322 [characters; comparisons; status doubtful]. Delphinus pernettyensis [sic], Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1) Zool., 6: 14, pl. 5, fig. 31 (animal ex Pernetty) [S. Atlantic (type locality: 16° S., according to Pernetty, 1769, Journal historique d’un voyage fait aux Iles Malouines en 1763 et 1764, pp. 122, 123)].— CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 4] Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 64 [S. Atlantic (type locality: near the Abrolhos Bank, 16°44’ S., 35°10’ W.)]. Delphinus plagiodon Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philidephia, 18: 296 [type skull in U.S. National Museum, no. 3884; type locality un- known].—Poole and Schantz, 1942, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 178: 113 [type history]. Prodelphinus plagiodon, True, 1885, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884: 323, 324, pls. 4, 6 (skull) [comparisons].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 62, 64, 66, 67, [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Hatteras, North Carolina; Pensa- cola, Florida); characters; comparisons].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 259 [characters]—Fraser, zn Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 332 [characters]. Prodelphinus? plagiodon, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 164, pl. 18, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [N. Atlantic: U.S.A.: (Coast and Gulf of Mexico) ]. Stenella plagiodon, Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77: 83, pl. 19 (animal) [characters; distribution].—Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 64 [characters; comparisons; Delphinus pernettensis Blainville “has affini- ties” ]—Moore, 1953, Midl. Nat., 49: 130, fig. (animal) [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Florida)]—Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 205: 656 [N. Atlantic: Panama (Golfo de San Blas)].— Caldwell, 1960, Journ. Mammal., 41: 134 [N. Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico; charac- ters; behavior]. Prodelphinus doris, True (not Gray), 1885, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884: 318, pls. 1, 2 (animal), pls. 3, 5 (skull) [Atlantic: U.S.A. (Pensacola, Florida; Cape Hatteras, North Carolina); characters; comparisons; taxonomy; Delphinus Pernetyi [sic] Blainville probably the same]. Type: Name based on dolphin described and figured by Pernetty (1764, Voyage iles Malouines, p. 99, pl. 11, fig. 1). Typr’ Locariry:? First) sighted 6°43’ N., 25°17’ W.; one ‘caught at 16°44’ S., 35°10’ W., ie., in the neighborhood of the Abrolhos Bank off coast of Brazil (Pernetty, 1769, Journal historique d’un voyage fait aux Iles Malouines en 1763 et 1764, pp. 77, 122, 123). DistriBuTION: North Atlantic: from off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, south through the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea; South Atlantic: from off the coast of Brazil. Genus DELPHINUS Linnaeus Delphinus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 77 [included species: phoceana (=Phocoena phocoena), delphis, orca (Orcinus orca) |.—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 166, 500 [taxonomy].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 44, 160 [taxonomy].—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 33 et seq. [history; relationships].—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 251, 285 [characters; classification].— %60-433—65——4 42 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat Hist.), Zool., 7: fig. 26 and text [auditory system; classification]. Rhinodelphis Wagner, 1846, Schreber’s Saugthiere, 7: viii, 281, 316 [subgenus of Delphinus; included species: eschrichtii Schlegel (= Lageno- rhynchus acutus Gray), D. albirostris Gray (=Lagenorhynchus albirostris Gray), tursio Fabricius (=D. tursio authors= Tursiops truncatus Mon- tagu), abusalam Riippel (= Tursiops t. aduncus Ehrenberg), planiceps Schlegel (=Steno bredanensis Lesson), reinwardtii (=Steno bredanensis Lesson), delphis (designated type by G. M. Allen, 1939, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 83: 250=Delphinus delphis Linnaeus), pseudodelphis Wiegmann (=Stenella dubia Cuvier), plumbeus G. Cuvier (=Sotalia plumbea G. Cuvier), loriger Wiegmann (=Stenella loriger Wiegmann= 2S. dubia Cuvier), coeruleoalbus Meyen (=. « Uranie et, la» Physicienne,, Paris, Zool. p.1 67, ply 2.ttiese os, 4 (animal).—Lesson, 1827, Manuel Mamm., p. 407 [S. Pacific (49° S. between Cape Horn and Australia); characters]; 1834, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, Cétacés, p. 238, pl. 6, fig. 2 (animal) [charac- CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 63 ters].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 511 [probably a Lagenorhynchus|.—Liouville, 1913, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 156: 90 [S. Pacific: (56°30’ S., 100° W.); polymorphism; taxonomic history]. Delphinus cruciger, d’ Orbigny and Gervais, 1847, Voyage Amérique Mérid., 4(Mamm.): 32 [S. Atlantic: east and south of Cape Horn, from 57° to 1629. Lagenorhynchus cruciger, Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 598 ftn. 3 [classification; Delphinus bivittatus Lesson and Garnot a synonym].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 84, 92, 170, pl. 25, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [characters; comparisons; type of cructger, d’Orbigny and Gervais, a skull in Paris Museum, no. a3045; clancula Gray a synonym; cruciger Quoy and Gaimard question- ably included].—Lahille, 1899, Primera reunién del congreso latino- americano, 3: 201 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Bahia Thetis, Isla de los Estados, Tierra del Fuego)].—Dabbene, 1902, Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires, (3), 1: 350 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) ].— Racovitza, 1903, Expédition Antarctique Belgique, Cetacea, p. 44 [S. Atlantic: 58°43’ S., 68°43’ W.].—Lahille, 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool., Buenos Aires, 1905: 61 [characters; distribution].—Nichols, 1908, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 24: 219, fig. 3 (animal) [S. Pacific: 49° S., 78° W.; characters]|—Fraser, zn Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 322, fig. 87 (animal) [char- acters]—Kellogg, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27: 304, 305 [characters; comparisons].—Bierman and Slijper, 1947, Proc. K. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, 50(10): 1359, 1362 [taxo- nomic review; synonyms: fitzroyi, obscurus, wilsoni, australis, supercili- osus].—Olrog, 1950, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 9: 509 [S. Pacific: Chile (Beagle Bay; Nassau Bay; Wolleston Island) ].—Sapin-Jaloustre, 1953, Mammalia, 17: 255, figs. 25a—b [sighting characters]—Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 104 [S. Pacific: Chile; key characters]. Llagenorhynchus| cruciger, Yafiez, 1948, Rev. Biol. Marina, Valparaiso, 1: 114 [S. Pacific: Chile (Tierra del Fuego) ]. Electra crucigera, Gray, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 6: 393 [classifica- tion]. Phocena crucigera, Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1), Zool. (6): 11, pl. 3, fig. 4 (animal, P. bivittata ex Lesson and Garnot), pl. 3, fig. 5 (animal ex Quoy and Gaimard) [characters]. Delphinus albigena Quoy and Gaimard, 1824, Voyage . . . S. M. PUranie et la Physicienne, Paris, Zool., 1: 87, pl. 11, fig. 2 (animal) [S. Pacific: type observed at sea between Cape Horn and Australia]. Delphinus bivittatus Lesson and Garnot, 1826, Voyage autour du monde, La Coquille, Zoologie, 1: 178, pl. 9, fig. 3 (animal) [S. Atlantic: type observed at sea about 140 leagues west of the Falklands en route from Cape Horn].—Lesson, 1826, Ferussac Bull. Sci. Nat., 7: 373 64 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 [characters]—Cunningham, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868: 185 [S. Pacific: Chile (Straits of Magellan)]. [Delphinus] livittatus [sic], F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 225 [characters; regarded as not certainly identifiable]. Delphinus superciliosus Lesson and Garnot, 1826, Voyage autour du monde La Coquille, Zoologie, 1: 181 (description) ; Atlas, pl. 9, fig. 2 (animal) [S. Pacific: Australia (type locality: Castle-Forbes, 44° S., off Cape Diemen (=South Cape), Tasmania); type taken on board but, pre- sumably, not preserved].—Lesson, 1826, Ferussac Bull. Sci. Nat., 7: 373 [characters]; 1834, Complément oeuvres de Buffon, 1 (Cétacés) : 238, pl. 6, fig. 1 (animal) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope) ; characters].—Schlegel, 1841, Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und vergleichende Anatomie, 1(Cetaceen): 22, pls. 1, 2 (skull), pl. 4, fig. 4 (teeth) [characters; synonyms: obscurus Gray, fitzroyi Waterhouse].—Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1) Zool. (6): 6, pl. 1, fig. 1 (animal ex Lesson) [characters ex Lesson].— Kellogg, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27: 303, pl. 7, fig. 4 (animal) [S. Pacific: Australia (Tasmania); classification; characters; comparisons; regarded as specifically distinct from obscurus]. Lagenorhynchus superciliosus, ‘True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 62, 84, 92, 94, 171, pl. 25, fig. 3 (skull ex Schlegel) [characters; name based on Schlegel (1841), description of skull; type of superciliosus not extant and may not have been preserved]. [Lagenorhynchus] supercillosus [sic], Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 767 [classification; name a misspelling of L. superciliosus Lesson and Garnot]. Delphinus (Grampus) obscurus Gray, 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica, 1: 2, pl. 2, fig. 2 (animal, young), fig. 3 (adult), figs. 4, 5 (skull) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: Cape of Good Hope); types: stuffed skins of adults and young with skull inside, originally in the Royal College of Surgeons, London; adult with skull removed now in British Museum, no. 41.1733 (cf. Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 28)]. Delphinus obscurus, Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): pl. 16 (skull) [Southern Ocean’, characters; synonyms: /itzroyi Waterhouse; superciliosus Garnot, Lesson; bivittatus Lesson, d’Orbigny]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 107 [characters; synonymy includes cruciger Quoy and Gaimard; type transferred to British Museum].—Cassin, 1858, U.S. Expedition, Mammalia, p. 27, pl. 5, fig. 1 (animal) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (off coast of Patagonia); synonyms: cruciger, bivittatus, fitzroyt, australis].— Burmeister, 1867, Zeitschr. gesammten Naturw., 29: 3 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Rio de La Plata, 5 miles above Buenos Aires) |.—Kellogg, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27: 298, pl. 6, fig. 1 (animal, cotype ex Gray, 1828) [taxonomy]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 65 Delphinus (Tursio) obscurus, Burmeister, 1867, Anal. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, 1: 306 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (coast of Patagonia) ]. Tursio obscurus, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 264 [characters; synonymy includes Phocena australis Peale].—Philippi, 1896, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., Entr., 12a: 7 [discussion]. Clymenia obscura, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 6, pl. 16 (skull) [characters]. Cllymenia] obscura, Gray, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 6: 393 [classi- fication].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 495, 512 (classification; breviceps Gervais (1880, Ostéographie, pl. 36, fig. 2) a synonym]. Prodelphinus obscurus, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 28 [S. Pacific: Chile (Coquimbo); type: stuffed skin with skull, now in British Museum; synonyms: similis Gray, thicolea Gray]. Lagenorhynchus obscurus, ‘True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 62, 100, 104, 174, pl. 29, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [characters; possible synonyms: breviceps Gervais, australis Peale, obliquidens Gill].—Lahille, 1899, Primera reunién del Congreso Latinoamericano, 3: 36 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Bahfa San Sebastian, Tierra del Fuego) ].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 263, pl. 15 (animal).—Dabbene, 1902, Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires, (3), 1: 350 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) ].—Lahille, 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool., 1905: 62 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Buenos Aires); S. Pacific: Chile; characters].—Wilson, 1907, National Antarctic Expedition, Brit. Mus., 2: 8 [Antarctic seas]. — Lillie, 1915, British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zo- ology, 1(3): 122, pl. 8, figs. 2-4 (variation in color pattern) [S. Atlantic: 35°57’ S., 18°49’ E.; S. Pacific: southern Australia and New Zealand waters].—Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 581 [Cape seas and southern seas to 58° S.].—Iredale and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6: 67 [Indian: Tasmania; synonyms: jitzroyi Waterhouse, cruciger d’Orbigny and Gervais, clanculus Gray, latifrons True].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 324, fig. 89 (animal) [characters].—Kellogg, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27: 298, fig. 2 (animal) [characters; synonyms: /itzroyi, breviceps, posidonia|.—Sapin-Jaloustre, 1953, Mammalia, 17: 255 [sighting characters]|—Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 104 [S. Pacific: Chile; key characters]. L{agenorhynchus] obscurus, Schneider, 1946, Bol. Soc. Biol. Concepcién (Chile), 21: 80 [S. Pacific: Chile (Concepcién)].—Yafiez, 1948, Rev. Biol. Marina, Valparaiso, 1: 114 [S. Pacific: Chile (Tierra del Fuego to Coquimbo) ; fitzroy? a synonym]. Delphinus obscurus (variété), Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, Voyage de dé- couverte de l’Astrolabe, Zoologie, 1: 151, pl. 28, fig. 3 (animal) [specimen examined and figured in the Natural History Museum 66 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 of Capetown].—Kellogg, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27: 299, pl. 7, fig. 2 (animal ex Quoy and Gaimard) [taxonomy]. Delphinus Fitzroyi Waterhouse, 1838 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1838: 23; 1839, Zoology of the voyage of the Beagle, pt. 2 (Mammalia): 25, pl. 10 (animal) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (type locality: Golfo San José, Chubut, coast of Patagonia, 42°30’ S.); type a female, rostrum and anterior portion of lower jaw, in British Museum, collected by Charles Darwin].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 490, 511 [regarded as possibly a Lagenorhynclus]|_—Kellogg, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27: 301, pl. 6, figs. 2, 4 (animal), fig. 3 (animal, type ex Waterhouse) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Golfo de San Matias; Bahia San José); taxonomy]. Lagenorhynchus fitzroyi, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 23 [type history].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 87, 170, fig. 1 (beak), pl. 24, fig. 1 (animal) [regarded as probably identical with L. clanculus Gray].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 264 [synonyms: cruciger Quoy and Gaimard, clanculus Gray].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 324, fig. 88 (animal) [characters].—Bierman and Slijper, 1947, Proc. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, 50(10): 1357 [characters; distribution; synonyms: posidonia Philippi, burmeisteri Moreno (=Cephalorhynchus commersoni Lacépéde)]. Lagenorhynchus Fitzroyi, Lahille, 1892, Primera reunién del Congreso Latinoamericano, 3: 36 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Bahia San Matias, Rfo Negro)].—Dabbene, 1902, Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires, (3), 1: 350 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Tierra del Fuego)].—Lahille, 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool. Buenos Aires, 1905: 61 [characters; distribution].— Gallardo, 1912, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., Buenos Aires, 23: 391, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (head) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires); may be same as obscurus|.—Liouville, 1913, Deuxiéme Expéd. Antarctique Frangaise, 1908-1910, pp. 1, 105, fig. 17 (hand), pls. 8, 9 (animals; color variation) [taxonomic history; variation in color pattern; synonyms: bvvittatus Lesson, cruciger d’Orbigny, clanculus Gray ].—Sapin-Jaloustre, 1953, Mammalia, 17: 255, fig. 25¢ (animal) [sighting characters]. Lagenorhynchus fitzroy [sic], Bini, 1951, Boll. Pesca, Pisc. Idrobiol., Minist. Agric. For., (27), 6(1): 91, fig. 12 (animals), fig. 13 (head) [S. Pacific: Peru (coast of Atico, Arequipa) ]. Phocena fitzroyi, Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1), Zool., 6: 13, pl. 5, fig. 2 (animal ex Waterhouse) [like posidonia Philippi]. Phocena Homei A. Smith, 1829, Zool. Journ., 4: 440 [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: Table Bay and Cape of Good Hope); type in the South African Museum]. Lagenorhynchus clanculus Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): pl. 35 (skull), no text [name based CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 67 on figure of skull only without other data]; 1849, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1849: 2 [Pacific: type locality not specified; type skull in British Museum from Dr. Dickie’s collection]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 102 [characters]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 271 [characters].—Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 23 [type skull, Brit. Mus., no. 935a-49.5.25.3; Dickie collection, purchased 1849]. Electra clancula, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 7, pl. 35 (skull) [characters]; 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 6: 393 [classification]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 77 {[part, not clancula Hector of New Zealand].—Malm, 1871, K. Svenska Vetenskaps Akad. Handl., 9(2): 68 [S. Atlantic: Chile (Cape Horn); characters; superciliosus Lesson a synonym]. Delphinus breviceps, Wagner, 1846, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, 7: 427, pl. 368, fig. 1 (animal, ‘‘dauphin 4 museau court”? ex Hombron and Jacquinot, 1842-53, Voyage au Péle Sud, pl. 22, fig. 1) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (type locality: Rio de La Plata, Buenos Aires) ].—Jacquinot and Pucheran, 1853, Voyage au pdle sud et dans |’Océanie sur les corvettes l’Astrolabe et la Zélée, Zool., 3: 39, 40, 42 [characters; comparisons; type now represented by skull and palatal fragment (cf. Hombron and Jacquinot, 1842-53, op. cit., pl. 23, figs. 5, 6, for com- plete skull) ]—Kellogg, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27: 301-302, pl. 7, fig. 1 (animal ex Hombron and Jacquinot) [type history; regarded as a color variant of /iézroy7]. Lagenorhynchus breviceps, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales, p. 271 [clas- sification].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 495 (‘same as Gray’s Delphinus obscurus’’|.—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 89 [taxonomy]. Electra breviceps, Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p- 76 [classification]. [Lagenorhynchus thicolea] breviceps, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1038 [classification]. Lagenorhynchus thicolea breviceps, Lahille, 1914, Enumeracién y zoogeografia de los mamiferos de la reptiblica Argentina, p. 3 [South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans]. Phocena australis Peale, 1848, U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1838-42, 8(Mammalogy and Ornithology): 33 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (type locality: off coast of Patagonia; one day’s sail north of the Straits of Le Maire between Staten Island and Cape San Diego, Tierra del Fuego); type seen Feb. 12, 1839, but not preserved].—Poole and Schantz, 1942, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 178: 109, 576 [no type in exist- ence, ‘‘nothing is known about this specimen’’]. Lagenorhynchus australis, Kellogg, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27: 296, pl. 8, fig. 1 (animal, type ex Cassin), fig. 2 (animal), pl. 9 (animals), pls. 10-12 (skull) [S. Pacific: Chile (Chiloe Is.) ; taxonomy; 68 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 characters; type history; Sagmatias amblodon Cope a synonym].— Bierman and Slijper, 1947, Proc. K. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, 50(10): 1358 [characters; taxonomy; regarded as a synonym of cruciger].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1949, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 321, pl. 88 (animal) [characters; dis- tribution; animal not listed in earlier editions]|—Hamilton, 1952, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat., Montevideo, 4(66): 4 [S. Atlantic: Falkland Islands; characters; habits; food; speed (9 knots per hour); regarded as distinct from obscurus].—Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 104 [S. Pacific: Chile; key characters]. Lagenorhynchus? Nilssonii Gray, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864: 238 [new name for the Delphinus obscurus of Nilsson (Skand. Fauna) believed to be from the North Sea (cf. Lilljeborg, 1866, Syn. Cetaceans, Mam- malia, Ray Soc., p. 231: Delphinus obscurus of Nilsson (—=Lagenorhynchus obscurus Gray) based on a skull from unknown locality) ]. Sagmatias amblodon Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 294 [type skull only, U.S. National Museum, no. 3887; collected by the ship Vincennes of the U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842) ; type locality unknown, “‘taken off the ship Vincennes of the U.S. Exploring Expedition. . . Dr. Charles Pickering, naturalist on board that vessel . . . has no record or recollection of the capture of such a species’’].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 106, 175 [characters].—Poole and Schantz, 1942, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 178: 112 [type history].—Kellogg, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. ser., 27: 293 [a synonym of Lagenorhynchus australis Peale]. Phocena posidonia Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus Nac. Chile, (1), Zool., 6: 9, 14, pl. 2, fig. 1 (animal) [S. Pacific: Chile (type locality: 48°10’ S., 77° W.); type a female, skin and skull, in the Santiago de Chile Museum].—Kellogg, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27: 302, pl. 7, fig. 3 (animal, ex Philippi) [doubtfully distinct from obscurus].— Bierman and Slijper, 1947, Proc. K. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet., 50: 1358 [taxonomy; synonym of cruciger, by implication]. Lagenorhynchus posidonia, ‘True, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16: 137 [classification; possibly same as fitzroyi]. Phocena D’Orbignyi Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1), Zool., 6: 10, pl. 2, fig. 2 (animal) [new name for cruciger d’Orbigny and Gervais (not Quoy and Gaimard)]. Llagenorhynchus| latifrons True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 90 [ms. name in synonymy of L. cruciger based on skull, Paris Museum, no. a3041, from New Zealand]. Lagenorhynchus wilsoni Lillie, 1915, British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zool., 1(3): 85, 123 [Antarctic: type locality: between 65° S.-54° S.; name based on a dolphin seen at sea and on individuals described and figured by Wilson (1907), Nat. Antarctic Exped., 1901-1904, Zool., Mamm., p. 9, fig. 7]—Bierman and Slijper, CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 69 1947, Proc. K. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet., 50: 1352, fig. 1 (animal) [SevAtlantic: 48°59" 'S., 6°36’ °E.;. 46°52’ “Si, 8°30’ E.:°S. Pacific: 55°-60° S., 135° E. (Wilson, 1907); 54°-65° S., 157° E., 88° W. (Lillie, 1915)]; 1948, Proc. K. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet., 51: 129 [regarded as a synonym of cruciger]. Llagenorhynchus| wilsoni, Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 322 [‘‘nearly allied to if specifically distinguishable from [L. cruciger]’’]. Type: None in existence; name based on animals seen at sea. Type Loca.ity: Pacific Ocean, latitude 49° S., between Cape Horn and Australia. DisTRIBUTION: South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to the ice packs; on South American coasts from Cape Horn to Rio de La Plata (35° S.) on the Atlantic and to Atico (16° S.) on the Pacific. Lagenorhynchus electra Gray Lagenorhynchus Electra Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 35, pl. 13 (skull); 1850, Cat. Mamm., Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 100 [characters]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 268 [characters]. L{agenorhynchus| electra, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 490, 511 [taxonomy; synonyms: L. asia Gray, Delphinus fusiformis Owen]. Lagenorhynchus electra, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 23 [type skull only, Brit. Mus., 359a; synonyms: Lagenorhynchus asia Gray, 1846, Delphinus fusiformis Owen, 1866, from Madras].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 100, 173, pl. 28, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) (Indian: India; N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Hawaii); taxonomy; characters; synonyms: Lagenorhynchus asia Gray, Delphinus fusiformis Owen, Pho- caena pectoralis Peale]|—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 264 [Indian; S. Pacific; characters]—Goodwin, 1945, Journ. Mammal., 26: 195, fig. (animal) [N. Atlantic: 03°03’ N., 24°40’ W.].—Bierman and Slijper, 1947, Proc. K. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet., 50: 1361 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Hawaii); Indian: India (Vizagapatam, Madras); Indonesia (Solor); N. Atlantic: Sénégal; Guinea; taxonomy]; 1948, Proc. K. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet., 51: 130 [tropical seas north of 10°%S:]: Electra electra, Nakajima and Nishiwaki, 1965, Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., 19: 65, figs. 1, 3 (animal), fig. 2 (male genitalia), fig. 4 (dorsal fin), fig. 5 (flukes), fig. 6 (vertebrae), fig. 7 (hyoid), fig. 8 (pelvic bone), pl. 1 (head), pl. 2 (skull and dentition), pl. 3 (flippers), pls. 4, 5 (skull), pls. 6, 7 (postcranial skeleton) [N. Pacific: Japan (Hirat- suka Beach, Sagami Bay, Honshu); characters; taxonomy]. 70 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Lagenorhynchus Asia Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 35, pl. 14 (skull) [locality unknown; type skull in British Museum no. 358a]. Electra Asia, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 7, pl. 14 (skull) [classification]. Delphinus pectoralis Peale, 1848, U.S. Exploring Expedition, 8(Mammalogy and Ornithology): 32, pl. 6, fig. 1 (animal) [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (type locality: Hilo Bay, Hawaii); type a mandible, U.S. National Museum, no. 4108; collected by U.S. Exploring Expedition]. Lagenorhynchus pectoralis, Cassin, 1858, U.S. Exploring Expedition, 8(Mammalogy and Ornithology): 28, pl. 5, fig. 2 (animal) [char- acters]. Delphinus (Lagenorhynchus) fusiformis Owen, 1866, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 6: 22, pl. 5, fig. 1 (animal) [Indian: India (type locality: Ma- dras) ; type skull in Brit. Mus., no. 475a—66.2.5.1; collected by Sir Walter Elliot].—Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 23 [type history]. Electra fusiformis, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 7 [classification]. Electra obtusa Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 7, pl. 13 (skull) [new name for Lagenorhynchus electra Gray]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 76 [classification]. (?) Lagenorhynchus obscurum, Blanford (not Gray), 1891, Fauna British India, p. 580 [Indian: Ceylon (Palk Straits) ]. Type: Skull only, British Museum (Natural History). TypE LOCALITY: Unknown. DistripuTion: Tropical seas north of 10° S.; recorded from coasts of India, Hawaii, Sénégal, Guinea, Madras, Indonesia, but unknown in South American waters. Lagenorhynchus [cruciger] obliquidens Gill Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 17: 177.—Dall, in Scammon, 1874, Marine mammals of the north- western coast of North America, pl. 19, fig. 2 (animal), p. 290 [charac- ters].—Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9:604, fig. 112 (animal), fig. 113 (head), fig. 114 (skull) [characters; biology; economics; distribution; synonyms: Jlongidens Cope, ognevi Slepzov].—Norris and Prescott, 1961, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 63: 292, 294, 296, 300, 326, fig. 3 (echelon formation swimming) [N. Pacific: Alaska to Baja California; seasonal movements; behavior; morphology; reproduction; locomotion].—Tomilin, 1962, Cetaceans of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 174, fig. 57 (animal), fig. 58 (skull) [N. Pacific: U.S.S.R. (Kurile Islands; Japan Sea].—Scheffer and Rice, 1963, U.S. Fish Wildlife Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep., 431: 6 [regarded as possibly identical with thicolea Gray and conspecific with cruciger Quoy and Gaimard]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 71 [Lagenorhynchus] obliquidens, Davis, 1963, Evolution, 17: 111 [may be conspecific with cruciger]. Delphinus longidens Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 295 [locality unknown; collected by U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838- 1842); type a skull only in the U.S. National Museum, no. 3886].— Poole and Schantz, 1942, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 178: 113 [type history; referred to Stenella]. Lagenorhynchus longidens, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 99 [type history; regarded as conspecific with L. obliquidens Gill]—Bierman and Slijper, 1947, Proc. K. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet., 50: 1361 [possibly identical with L. obliquidens Gill]. Lagenorhynchus ognevi Slensov, 1955, Trans. Inst. Oceanology, Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R., Moscow, 18: 60 [N. Pacific: U.S.S.R. (type locality: Nemoro Sea, 15-20 miles east of Kunashir Id., South Kuriles)].— Nishiwaki, 1957, Coll. Rep. Fish. Sci. Toyko Univ., p. 151 [N. Pacific: Japan]. Types: Three skulls, U.S. National Museum, nos. 1961, 1962, 1963; collected by W. A. Trowbridge; catalogued October 25, 1855. Type LocALITY: Near San Francisco, California. Distr1BuTION: North Pacific from Alaska and Aleutians to Baja Cali- fornia, Mexico, on the east and from the Kuriles to Japan on the west. Lagenorhynchus thicolea Gray Lagenorhynchus Thicolea Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): pl. 36 (skull) [no text]; 1849, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1849: 2 [type history; characters]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 103 [‘‘West coast of N. America’; characters]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 271 [characters]. Lagenorhynchus thicolea, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 28 [listed in the synonymy of Prodelphinus obscurus Gray; type, Brit. Mus., no. 934a—49.5.25.4].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 88, 173, pl. 24, fig. 2 (skull) [characters; taxonomy].—Hamilton, 1952, Comun. Zool. Mus. Nac. Montevideo, 4(66): 5 [S. Atlantic: Falklands (Stanley)]. Electra thicolea, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 7, pl. 36 (skull) [characters]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 77 [classification]. Cllymenia] (Electra) thicolea, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 496 [characters; comparisons]. Type: Skull only, British Museum (Natural History), no. 934a—49.5.25.4; purchased from Dr. Dickie. TypE Loca.ity: In the original description (Gray, 1849), given as “‘west coast of America,’ but subsequently (Gray, 1850, 1866, etc.) as ‘west coast of N. America.” DisTRIBUTION: Known only from the Falkland Islands (cf. Hamilton, 1952, Comun. Zool. Mus. Nac. Montevideo, 4(66): 5). i U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Genus CEPHALORHYNCHUS Gray Cephalorhynchus Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 36 [subgenus of Delphinus Linneaus; included species: D. Heavisidii Gray, with synonyms: D. capensis Cuvier, D. dussumieri Fischer, D. cephalorhynchus F. Cuvier, D. hastatus Cuvier, “marsouin du Cap” F. Cuvier, Phocoena tridens A. Smith, P. homei A. Smith (=Lagenorhynchus cruciger Quoy and Gaimard), D. obscurus Gray (=Lagenorhynchus cruciger Quoy and Gaimard), D. compressicauda Lesson (=Tursiops truncatus Montagu); generic name attributed to Cuvier, 1836 (Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 156), where only the vernacular term ‘“‘céphalorhynques” is used]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 106 [taxonomy].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 473, 506 [taxonomy].—True, 1889 Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 108 [taxonomy].—Harmer, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 627 [taxonomy].—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 304 [characters; classification]|_—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 54, 99, 105, 108, fig. 26 [auditory system; classification]. Eutropia Gray, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862: 145 [type species, Delphinus eutropia Gray, by monotypy]. TypE species: The tautonymic Delphinus cephalorhynchus Cuvier, 1836, in the synonomy of Delphinus Heavisidii Gray, 1828 (see above). DisTRIBuTION: Western Pacific: from the coasts of Sarawak and New Zealand (C. hectori) to Chile (C. eutropia); South Atlantic: from the coasts of Patagonia and the Falklands (C. commersoni) to the Cape seas off South Africa (C. heavisidet). Cephalorhynchus commersoni Lacépéde “Le jacobite’? Commerson, description in unpublished manuscript addressed to Buffon. Delphinus Commersonii Lacépéde, 1804, Histoire naturelle des cétacées, p. 317.—Sonnini (Lacépéde), 1804, Histoire naturelle des cétacées, pp. 42, 436 [Straits of Magellan; description].—Desmarest, 1822, Mammalogie, 2: 517 [characters].—Lesson and Garnot, 1826, Voyage autour du monde ... La Coquille, Zool., 1: 181 [S. Atlantic: Falklands (Soledad Bay)].—Lacépéde, 1837, Histoire naturelle des cétacées (Desmarest edition), pp. 11, 104 [Straits of Magellan; description]. Phocoena Commersonit, Lesson, 1827, Manuel Mamm., p. 414 [characters; classification]. Clephalorhynchus| commersonit, Harmer, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 627, 636, pl. 1 (animal), pl. 2, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull), pl. 3, fig. 1 (skull), fig. 2b (mandibles) [S. Pacific and S. Atlantic: Tierra del Fuego; Straits of Magellan; Patagonian coast; Falkland Islands; characters; taxonomy; history; comparisons; synonyms: CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 73 Lagenorhynchus flowert Moreno, Lagenorhynchus cruciger? Bruce, 1915 (Scottish National Antarctic Expedition) ]. Cephalorhynchus commersoni, Slijper, 1936, Die Cetaceen, vergleichend- anatomisch systematisch (in text) [comparative anatomy, embryology, phylogeny, systematics].—Fraser, zn Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 318, pl. 85 (animal), fig. 85 (animal) [characters]_—Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 89, pl. 22 (animal) [characters; food; distribution].—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos sudamericanos, p. 298, pl. 76 (animal) [characters; S. Atlantic: coast of Patagonia from 42° S. to Tierra del Fuego].—Olrog, 1950, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 9: 509 [S. Pacific: Chile (Straits of Ma- gellan; Beagle Bay)].—Hamilton, 1952, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat., Montevideo, 4(66): 5 [S. Atlantic: Falklands; characters; habits; local names: “porpoise,” ‘‘puffing pig’’]—Marelli, 1953, Anal. Mus. Nahuel Huapi, 3: 137, fig. (animal) [S. Atlantic: Tierra del Fuego; habits]. Cephalorhynchus commersoni, Yafiez, 1948, Rev. Biol. Marina, Valparaiso, 1: 115 [S. Pacific: Chile; characters; local name: “‘tunina overa’’].— Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 103 [Chile; key characters].— Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 53, 97, 99, fig. 20 (pterygoid sinus), fig. 24 (auditory air sac system) [auditory system]. Lagenorhynchus Flowert Moreno, 1892, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 3: 385, pl. 8 (skull), pl. 9 (animal) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (type localities: Tierra del Fuego and coast of Santa Cruz); types, 2 skins and respective skulls in Museo de La Plata, collected by Sr. Tonini del Firia].—Lahille, 1899, Primera reunién del Congreso Latinoamericano, 3: 201 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Isla Pavén, Santa Cruz; Isla de los Estados, Tierra del Fuego)].—Dabbene, 1902, Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires, (3), 1: 350 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) ].—Lahille, 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool. Buenos Aires, p. 62 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (mouth of Rio Santa Cruz); characters]; 1914, Enumeracién y zoogeografia de los mamfferos de la Reptblica Argentina, p. 31 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Patagonia) ]. Llagenorhynchus| Burmeisteri, Moreno, 1892, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 3: 390 [name lapsus for Z. flower? Moreno used in comparison with Lagenorhynchus fitzroyi Waterhouse]. Laglenorhynchus| burmeisterit, Bierman and Slijper, 1947, Proc. Kongl. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet., 50: 1358 [treated as a synonym of L. fitzroyi Waterhouse (=Lagenorhynchus cruciger Quoy and Gaimard)]. Lagenorhynchus cruciger? Bruce (not d’Orbigny and Gervais), 1915, Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1915), 4(20): 500, pl. 1 (animal) [S. Atlantic: Falkland Islands (Port Stanley); characters of the *““piebald porpoise’’]. 760-433—65——-6 74. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Type: Name based on animals seen and described by Commerson in a manuscript addressed to M. Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon. TYPE LocALity: Straits of Magellan, Tierra del Fuego, Chile. DistRiBUTION: In the South Atlantic from the coast of Santa Cruz (or from Gulf of San Matias, Rio Negro, according to Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamfferos sudamericanos, p. 298) to Tierra del Fuego, east to the Falkland Islands and west into the South Pacific along the southern coast of Chile; also said to occur off Kerguelen Island in the southern Indian Ocean (Scheffer and Rice, 1963, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Spec. Sci. Rep; 431¢ 5). Cephalorhynchus eutropia Gray Delphinus Eutropia Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): pl. 34 (skull) [figure without text]; 1849, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1849: 1 [characters]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 111 [S. Pacific: Chile; characters]; 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862: 145 [type of genus Eutropia Gray]. Tursio Eutropia, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 262 [characters]. Tursio eutropia, Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1), Zool., (6): 14 [S. Pacific: Chile (Bahia de Corral, Valdivia) ]. Clephalorhynchus] eutropia, Flower, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 477, 507 [taxonomy; Eutropia dickiei Gray a synonym].—Yafiez, 1948, Rev. Biol. Marina, Valparaiso, 1: 115 [S. Pacific: Chile; characters; local name: “‘delfin negro’’]. Cephalorhynchus (?) eutropia, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 17 [S. Pacific: Chile; type history; Eutropia dickiet a synonym]. Cephalorhynchus eutropia, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 11, 112, 178, pl. 33, fig. 2 (skull) [S. Pacific: Chile; measurements].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 179 [characters].—True, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16: 135, 143 [synonyms; albiventris Perez Canto, dicki [sic] Gray, platyrrhinus Philippi, panope Philippi].—Schneider, 1846, Bol. Soc. Biol. Concepcién (Chile), 21: 80 [S. Pacific: Chile (Concep- cién) |—Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: [103 S. Pacific: Chile; key characters; local name: “‘tunina de vientre blanco’’].—Cabrera, 1961, Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat. “Bernardino Rivadavia,”’ 4(2): 615 [synonyms: dickiet, albiventris, obtusata, panope, platyrhinus (sic) ]. Eutropia Dickiei, Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866: 215 [new name for Delphinus eutropia Gray]. Eutropia dickit [sic], Perez Canto in Philippi, 1896, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., Entr., 12a: 11 [taxonomy]. Phocaena (Hyperoodon?) albiventris Perez Canto, zn Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1), Zool., 6: 8, pl. 2, fig. 3 (animal) [S. Pacific: Chile (type locality: neighborhood of port of Valparaiso); type in Santiago museum]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 75 Tursio albiventris, Philippi, 1896, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile Zool. Entr., 12a: 15, pls. 4-6 (skull) [S. Pacific: Chile (Rio Valdivia, Chile) ; 5 skulls including 2 skeletons]. [Cephalorhynchus]? albiventris, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1041 [classification]. Cephalorhynchus albiventris, Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 318 [characters]. Phocaena obtusata Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1), Zool., 6: 12, pl. 3, fig. 1 (animal) [S. Pacific: Chile (type locality: Bahia de Talcahuano, Concepcién); type a skin only in the Museo Nacional, Santiago de Chile]. Cephalorhynchus (2?) obtusata, True, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16: 139, 143 [classification]. Tursio? panope Perez Canto, in Philippi, 1896, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile Zool. Entr., 12a: 14, pls. 4, 5, 6 (skull) [S. Pacific: Chile (type locality not specified) ; type a skull only in Santiago Museum]. Cephalorhynchus panope, Miller, 1928, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 41: 171 {classification based on photograph of type skull]. [Lissodelphis?] panope, Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 766 [classification]. Tursio platyrrhinus Perez Canto, in Philippi, 1896, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., Entr., 12a: 16, pls. 4, 5, 6 (skull) [S. Pacific: Chile; type locality not specified; type a skull only in the Santiago museum]. [Cephalorhynchus] platyrhinus [sic], Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 768 [classification]. Type: Skull only, no. 936a—49.5.25.2 (figured in Gray, 1846, Zoology .. . Voyage . . . Erebus and Terror, 1: pl. 34), British Museum (Natural History); collected by Dr. Dickie, and purchased in 1849. TypE LocaLity: Pacific Ocean, off coast of Chile (cf. Gray, 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 152). DistRiBuTION: South Pacific off the coast of Chile between 33° and 40° S. Cephalorhynchus hectori Van Bénéden Electra clancula, Hector (not Gray), 1873, Trans. New Zealand Inst. (1872), 5: 160, pl. 1 (skull), pl. 3 (animal) [S. Pacific: New Zealand; characters].—Hutton, 1877, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 9: 350 [S. Pacific: New Zealand; characters]. Electra hectorit, Van Bénéden, 1881, Bull. Roy. Acad. Belge, (3), 4: 877, 882, pl. 2 (animal, lateral and ventral aspects). Cephalorhynchus hectort, Hector, 1885, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 17: 209 (characters; history; Electra clancula Hector (not Gray), 1873, a synonym].—Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 580, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2 (animal) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (north coast; Bay of Islands; 76 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Wanganui coast; Cook Strait; Canterbury, Banks Peninsula); “never seen far from the coast’’]. [Cephalorhynchus hectori], Harrison, 1960, Malayan Nat. Journ., 14: 89 [N. Pacific: Sarawak]. Cephalorhynchus albifrons True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 111, 177, pl. 32, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (type locality); name based on the description and figures of Electra clan- cula Hector (not Gray), 1873]. Cephalorhynchus hectort bicolor Oliver, 1946, Dominion Mus. Records, Zool., 1,(1): 4 figs. 1-3 (animals at sea) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (type locality: Pelorous Sound and Wairou Bay, Cook Strait); type descrip- tion based on photographs of dolphins observed at sea]. Type: Skin and skeleton, Muséum Royal d’Histoire Naturelle, Brussels. Type Locaity: North Coast, New Zealand, South Pacific. DisTrRIBUTION: Western Pacific from Sarawak in the South China Sea to New Zealand. Cephalorhynchus heavisidei Gray Delphinus (Grampus) Heavisidit Gray, 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica, 1: 2. Delphinus heavisidit Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 474, 506 (classification; characters; synonyms: D. capensis Cuvier, D. cephalorhynchus Cuvier, D. hastatus Cuvier, Orca capensis Van Bénéden]. Grampus headivisii [sic], Lesson, 1836, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, 10: 328 [typographical error for heavisidit Gray]. Cephalorhynchus heavisidei, ‘True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 108, 176, pl. 31, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [taxonomy].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7:53, 97, 99, fig. 20 (pterygoid sinus), pl. 36 (skull) [auditory system]. Dlelphinus| capensis G. Cuvier, 1829, Régne animal, p. 289 [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: Cape of Good Hope); type in Paris Museum; name preoccupied by Delphinus capensis Gray, 1828 (=Del- phinus delphis Linnaeus) ]. Delphinus capensis, F. Cuvier (not Gray), in E. Geoffroy and Cuvier, 1829, Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. 58 and pl. [S. Atlantic: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope); characters]. Phocena Capensis, Hamilton, 1837, Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library, Mammalia, 6(whales): 227 [characters]. Orca [sic] capensis, Van Bénéden (not Gray), 1873, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lettres Beaux Arts Belgique, Bruxelles, (2), 36: 37 [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: Cape Town); name based on Castelnau’s drawing captioned Delphinus heavisidii; D. hastatus F. Cuvier a synonym]. Dlelphinus] Dussumieri Fischer, 1829, Syn. Mamm., Addenda, p. 656 [new CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES Oi name for D. capensis Cuvier, preoccupied by Delphinus capensis Gray, 1828]. Dlelphinus] cephalorhynchus F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 158 [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: Cape of Good Hope)]. Df{elphinus] hastatus F, Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 161 [S. At- lantic: South Africa (type locality: Cape of Good Hope) ]. Delphinus tridens Van Bénéden, 1873, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lettres Beaux Arts, Belgique, Bruxelles, (2), 36: 33 [S. Atlantic: South Africa (Cape Town); Castelnaus ms. name for dolphin in drawing captioned Delphinus heavisidii renamed Orca capensis by Van Bénéden p. 37)]. Type: Mounted skin and skull, originally in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, now in the British Museum (Natural History); col- lected by Captain Heaviside. TYPE LOCALITY: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. DisTRIBUTION: South Atlantic and Indian Oceans off South Africa. Genus ORCAELLA Gray Orcaella Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 285.—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 51 et seq., fig. 26 (table) [auditory system; classification]. Orcella Anderson, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871: 142, ftn. [new name for Orcaella Gray].—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 252 [characters; classification]. TYPE SPECIES: Orcaella brevirostris Owen, by monotypy. DisTRIBUTION: Coastal waters, estuaries, and rivers of the Indian Ocean and South China Sea from North Borneo to Bay of Bengal and up the Mekong, Ganges, and the Irrawaddy Rivers. Orcaella brevirostris Gray Orca [(Orcaella)| brevirostris Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., pieZ85. Phocena (Orca) brevirostris, Owen, 1866, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 6: 24, pl. 9 (skull). Orcella brevirostris, Anderson, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871: 142, fig. 1 (animal) [Indian: India (Bay of Bengal; Ganges River, 70-80 miles upstream) ; characters].—Blanford, 1891, Fauna of British India, p. 578, fig. 189 (animal) [Indian: India (Bay of Bengal ‘ascending rivers as far as the tide extends’; Singapore; North Borneo].— Thomas, 1891, Ann. Mus. Civico Genoa (2), 10: 947 [Burma (Irawaddy River near Bhamd); Malaysia (Singapore, Brunei River); fluminalis indistinguishable from brevirostris]|—Gibson-Hill, 1950, Sarawak Mus. 78 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Journ., 5: 293 [N. Pacific: Sarawak].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 51 et seq., pl. 32 (skull) [audi- tory system]. Orcaella brevirostris, Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 550, text fig. (animal), pl. 64 (skull) [Cambodia (Mekong River, 260 miles above mouth) ; fluminalis probably conspecific]. “Dolphin of the Irawady,” Anderson, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 220; 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 544. Orcaella brevirostris brevirostris, Ellerman and Morrison Scott, 1951, Palae- arctic mammals, p. 738 [classification]. Orcaella fluminalis Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 80 [Burma (type locality: Irrawaddy River); type an articulated skeleton, British Museum, no. 1454)-77.12.10.17; purchased 1877 from J. Anderson (cf. Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 17)]. Orcella fluminalis, Anderson, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871 (June): 143, fig. 2 (animal) [Burma (Irrawaddy River from sea to 300-900 miles upstream) ]. Orcaella brevirostris fluminalis, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951, Check- list of Palaearctic and Indian mammals, p. 738 [classification]. Type: Skull, British Museum, no. 14544; collected by Sir Walter Elliot. Type Locauity: Harbor of Vizagapatam, Madras, Bay of Bengal, India. DisTRIBUTION: The same as for the genus. Genus PSEUDORCA Reinhardt Pseudorca Reinhardt, 1862, Overs. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh., p. 151.—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 507 [char- acters].—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 33 et seq. [history ; relation- ships].—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 308 [characters; classification ]. Neoorca Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 81 [sub- genus of Pseudorca Reinhardt; type species: Pseudorca meridionalis Gray (= Orca meridionalis Flower), by monotypy]. Type spEcIEs: Pseudorca crassidens Owen, by original designation. DistRIBUTION: Eastern Atlantic: from North and Baltic Seas to Medi- terranean and Cape of Good Hope; western Atlantic: from North Carolina to Caribbean Sea and Buenos Aires, Argentina; eastern Pacific: from Washington to Guerrero, Mexico, and Paita, Peru; western Pacific: from Japan to Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand; Indian Ocean (Ceylon; southern India). Tomilin (1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9: 641) includes Davis Strait, North Atlantic, in the range, citing as authority Miller (1921, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 57: pls. 27-31). The latter, however, pointed out that this record is an error originating in a misinter- CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 79 pretation by True (1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 144) of an ambiguous catalog entry. Later, Tomilin (1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 188) adds Brazil, in the Atlantic, the Aleutian and Kurile Chains and Galapagos, in the Pacific, to the distribution. I have not found the source of these records. Pseudorca crassidens Owen Phocaena crassidens Owen, 1846, A history of British fossil mammals and birds, p. 516, fig. 213 (skull). Orca crassidens, Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Terror and Erebus, 1(Mammalia): 34 [characters; type in Museum of Stanford, later believed to be in the College of Surgeons, London]. Pseudorca crassidens, Reinhardt, 1862, Overs. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh., pp. 103-152, figs. 1, 2 (skull), fig. 3 (forelimb bones), fig. 4 (animal) [characters].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 143, 186, pl. 44, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [taxonomic history; characters; synonyms: Orca meridionalis Flower, Orca destructor Cope, Globicephalus Grayi Burmeister].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 290 [charac- ters].—Elliot, 1904, Field Columbian Mus., Zool. Ser., 4(1): 51, pl. 22 (skull) [characters; distribution].—Lahille, 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool. Buenos Aires, 1905: 65 [characters].—Miller, 1920, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 57: 205, pls. 27-31 (skull) [N. Atlantic: Venezuela (Isla de los Aves, 70 miles off coast); U.S.A. (Florida); N. Pacific: Mexico (Pi- shilinque Bay, Baja California); S. Pacific: Peru (Paita)].—Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 577 [distribution].—Brimley, 1937, Journ. Mammal., 18: 71, pl. 72 (animal, skull) [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Hatteras Inlet, North Carolina; Biscayne Bay, Florida; Hells- boro Lighthouse, Florida); North Sea; N. Pacific: Mexico (La Paz, Baja California; Acapulco, Guerrero); Peru; S. Pacific: Chatham Islands; New Zealand].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 294, fig. 75 (animal) [characters; habits].—Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77 (1): 89, pl. 21 (animal), fig. p. 84 (stranded animals) [characters; habits].—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos sudamericanos, p. 301 (characters; habits; distribu- tion].—G. M. Allen, 1942, Extinct and vanishing mammals of the western hemisphere, p. 480 [history; habits; conservation].—Marelli, 1953, Anal. Mus. Nahuel Huapi, 3: 134, figs. [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires) ].—Bullis and Moore, 1956, American Mus. Novit., no. 1756 [American records].—Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 103 [S. Pacific: Chile; key characters].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 35 et seq., pl. 30 (skull) [auditory system].—Silas and Pillay, 1960, Journ. Marine Biol. Assoc. India, 2(2): 268, pl. 1 (animal) [Indian: India (Cape Comorin; 80 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Trivandrum); characters].—Norris and Prescott, 1961, Univ. Cali- fornia Publ. Zool., 63: 334 [N. Pacific: Washington to Baja California; morphology; behavior].—Paulus, 1964, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Mar- seille, 23: 29, figs. pp. 65-67 (skeletal parts) [N. Atlantic: Mediter- ranean (all stranding records); Germany; France; Portugal; Scotland; England; S. Atlantic: South Africa (Capetown; St. Helena Bay); Indian: Zanzibar; Ceylon; S. Pacific: Ecuador (Galapagos) ]. P\seudorca] crassidens, Schneider, 1946, Soc. Biol. Concepcién (Chile), 21: 80 [S. Pacific: Chile]. Orca meridionalis Flower, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864: 420, figs. 1, 2 (skull) [S. Pacific: Australia (type locality: Tasmania); types, two skulls in Royal College of Surgeons]. Pseudorca meridionalis, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 291, figs. 58, 59 (skulls) [characters]. Pseudorca crassidens meridionalis, Deraniyagala, 1945, Spolia Zeylanica, 24(2): 116, pl. 15 (animal) [Indian: Ceylon]; Deraniyagala, 1960, Spolia Zeylanica, 29: 83 [Indian: Ceylon]. Orca destructor Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 293 [S. Pacific: Peru (type locality: off Paita, Piura, 5° S.); type in U.S. National Museum].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 144 [type a beak and mandible, no. 3697; regarded as a synonym of Pseudorca crassidens|—Poole and Schantz, 1942, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 178: 112 [type history]. Globicephalus Grayi Burmeister, 1867, Anal. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, 1: 308 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (type locality not specified); type, skull only in Museo Nacional, Buenos Aires, received from Dr. Furst]; 1868, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 1: 52, pl. 2, figs. 2, 3 (skull) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (type locality: Buenos Aires) ; type a skull only].— Gervais, 1872, Journ. Zool. Paris, 1: 68 [synonym of Pseudorca crassidens Owen].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 145 [characters; synonym of Pseudorca crassidens)]. Globicephalus Grayi, Burmeister, 1869, Anal. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, 1(6): 367, pl. 21 (skull; sketch of animal reconstructed) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Golfo de Somborombén, Buenos Aires) ]. Pseudorca Grayi, Burmeister, 1872, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 10: 53 [characters; comparisons].—Reinhardt, 1873, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturh. For. Copenhagen, 1872, 6-9: 1 [characters]. Pseudorca? mediterranea Giglioli, 1882, Zool. Anzeiger, 5: 268-289 [N. Atlantic (type locality: Mediterranean Sea); one cotype skull in Florence Museum, another in Zoological Museum of Palermo Uni- versity ]. “curiously tailed dolphin,’’? Nishiwaki and Yang, 1961, Norsk Hvalf.- Tid. 50(12): 507, figs. 1-3 (animal), figs. 4-5 (flukes) [N. Pacific: Formosa; false killer with anomalous fluke region]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 81 Type: Subfossil skull, originally in the Museum of Stanford, later believed to be in the College of Surgeons (Gray, 1846, Zoology . . . Erebus and Terror, 1: 34), then in the Cambridge University Museum (Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 298), finally said to be lost (Flower, 1884, Cat. Osteol. Spec. Roy. Coll. Surgeons London, 2(Mammalia) : 573). Type Loca.ity: Lincolnshire Fens, near Stanford, England. DisTRIBUTION: The same as for the genus; in South American waters, the Caribbean off the coast of Venezuela (Isla Aves, 12° N., 67°30’ W.), the South Pacific (Paita, Peru, 5° S.), and the South Atlantic (off Buenos Aires, Argentina, 36° S.). Genus ORCINUS Fitzinger [?] Megalodontta Brookes, 1828, Cat. Joshua Brookes Mus., p. 40 [work not seen; cf. Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 279, where generic name only is cited]. Orca Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 33 [included species: O. gladiator Gray (=Delphinus gladiator Bonnaterre=Delphinus orca Linnaeus; hence, type by virtual tautonomy), O. crassidens Owen (=Pseudorca crassidens Owen), O. capensis Gray (=D. orca Linnaeus), O. intermedia (—Feresa intermedia Gray); generic name preoccupied by Orca Wagler, 1830 (=Hyperoodon Lacépéde)].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 507 {[characters]—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 252 [charac- ters; classification]. Orcinus Fitzinger, 1860, Wissentchaftlich-populare Naturgeschichte der Sdugethiere, 6: 204.—Palmer, 1899, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13: 23-24 [available name for Orca Gray, 1846, preoccupied ].— Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 33 et seq. [history; relationship ].— Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 51 et seq., fig. 26 (table) [auditory system; classification]. Ophysia Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins, p. 8 [type species: Orca capensis Gray (=Delphinus orca Linnaeus), by monotypy]; 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 76 [included species: Orca pacifica Gray (=Delphinus orca Linnaeus) |. Gladiator Gray, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 71 [type species by monotypy: Orca stenorhyncha (=Orca gladiator Gray=Delphinus orca Linnaeus) ; name preoccupied by Gladiator Gistl, a genus of Coleoptera]. Grampus Iredale and Troughton (not Gray), 1933, Rec. Australian Mus., 19(1): 28-36 [type species: ‘“‘Delphinus grampus ‘Linn.’=Hunter” (= Delphinus grampus Blainville= Delphinus orca Linnaeus), by monotypy ]. TYPE SPECIES: Orcinus orca (=Delphinus orca Linnaeus), by monotypy. DistrisuTion: All seas from Arctic to Antarctic. 82 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Orcinus orca Linnaeus [Delphinus] orca Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 77.—Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911: 158 [type history]. Delphinus Orca, Lacépéde, 1804, Histoire naturelle des cétacées, pp. xlii, 298, pl. 15, fig. 1 (animal), pl. 16 (skull) [N. Atlantic: polar region; Davis Strait; England (mouth of Thames River); Pacific: Antarctic Ocean; Gulf of Panama; characters; life history]. Orcinus orca, Palmer, 1899, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13: 23-24 [type of Orcinus Fitzinger].—Elliot, 1904, Field Columbian Mus., Zool. Ser., 4(1): 50, fig. xviii (animal), pl. 22 (skull) [characters; distribution; synonymy ].—Trouessart, 1904, Suppl. Cat. Mamm., p. 771 [classifica- tion].—Lahille, 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool. Buenos Aires, 1905: 64 [characters].—Lillie, 1915, British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zool., 1(3): 119 [Antarctica: Ross Sea; 34° S.-78° 38’ S.; sexual dimorphism; variation in shape of dorsal fin].—Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 577 [characters]—Weber, 1923, Die Cetaceen der Siboga-Expedition, Siboga Expeditie, 58: 20 [S. Pacific: Indonesia].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 289, fig. 74 (animal) [characters; habits]—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamfferos sudamericanos, p. 299, pl. 73 (animal) [characters; habits]—Olrog, 1950, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 9: 509 [S. Atlantic: Chile (Cape Horn; Grevy Island)].—Hamilton, 1952, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 4(66): 4 [S. Atlantic: Falklands].—Sapin-Jaloustre, 1953, Mammalia, 17: 251, fig. 20 (animal) [sighting characters].—Taylor, 1957, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 129: 325, pls. 1, 6, 7 (animals) [Antarctica: Graham Land; observed in a small sea-ice pool].—Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 107 [S. Pacific: Chile; key characters].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 50 et seq., pl. 31 (skull) [auditory system].—Backus, 1961, Journ. Mammal., 42: 418, pl. (skull) [N. Atlantic: Bahamas (Great Abaco Island); stranding records].—Norris and Prescott, 1961, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 63: 301, 330 [N. Pacific: Bering Sea to Baja California; behavior; morphology; loco- motion; feeding.—Lévéque, 1963, Mammalia, 27(4): 609 [S. Pacific: Ecuador (Galapagos) ]. O[rcinus| orca, Schneider, 1946, Bol. Soc. Biol. Concepcién, 21: 80 [S. Pacific: Chile (Concepcién)].—Yafiez, 1948, Rev. Biol. Marina, Valparaiso, 1: 115 [S. Pacific: Chile]. [Grampus] orca, Iredale and Troughton, 1933, Rec. Australian Mus., 19(1): 30 [‘‘identification” of the nomen nudum Delphinus Grampus “Linn.”’, Gray, 1828]. Grampus orca, Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 70, pl. 13 (animal) [characters; habits; distribution].—Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 661 [listed; distribution in North American CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 83 waters].—Hall and Kelson, 1959, Mammals of North America, p. 824 [characters ; distribution in North American waters]. Delphinus serra Borowski, 1780, Gemeinntizzige Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, 2: 38 [N. Atlantic (type locality: Spitzbergen, Davis Strait, etc.); ““épée de mer” of Brisson, 1756, Reg. Anim., p. 372]. D\elphinus| Gladiator Bonnaterre, 1789, Tabl. Encycl. Méth., Cétologie, p. 23 [N. Atlantic (type locality: Spitzbergen, Davis Strait, and New England coast) ; type, none preserved, name based on travelers’ accounts but primarily Anderson, 1746, Nachricten von Island, Groénland und der Strasse Davis, vol. 2]. Orca gladiator, Gervais and Van Bénéden, 1869-1880, Ostéographie des Cétacés, p. 538, pl. 46 (skeleton) [osteology]—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 187, pl. 45, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [characters].— Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, pp. 286, 289 [characters; habits].— Racovitza, 1903, Expedition Antarctique Belgique, Cetacea, pp. 44, 59 [Antarctica: 70°23’ S., 85°57’ W.].—Wilson, 1907, Nat. Antarctic Exped., 1901-1904, Zool., 2: 4, 6, text fig. 6 (variation in shape of dorsal fin), pl. 4 (animal with dorsal fin showing) [Antarctica; northern and southern forms conspecific; dorsal fin variable in size and shape; “fan undescribed whale” (here regarded as a killer whale; cf. Lillie, 1915, British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zool., 1(3): 120, the “‘high-finned whale’’)].—Bruce, 1915, Scottish National Ant- arctic Expedition, Zool., 4(20): 487 [Antarctica: 63°-74° S.]. Dlelphinus] Orca ensidorsatus Kerr, 1792, Animal Kingdom, p. 364 [type, the “sword grampus” of the Atlantic, Antarctic, and European seas]. Delphinus Duhameli Lacépéde, 1804, Nat. Hist. Cétacés, pp. xliti, 314, pl. 9, fig. 1 (animal) [mame based on Duhamel’s figure and description of a killer whale taken at the mouth of the Loire, France]. Delphinus grampus Blainville, in Desmarest, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 9: 168 [name based on the North Atlantic killer whale of authors but primarily on a “‘grampus’”’ of Hunter]. Orca Capensis Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 34, pl. 9 (skull) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: Cape of Good Hope)]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 95 [44° N. to 10° S.; characters; synonymy]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 283 [S. Pacific: Chile; N. Pacific; S. Atlantic: South Africa; Indian]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 90, figs. 8, 10 (skull) [characters]. [Orcinus orca] Capensis, Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 771 [classification]. Delphinus victorint Grill, 1858, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stock- holm, (2), 2: 21, pl. 1 (animal) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: Knysua River, west of Cape Town); type a stranded indi- vidual represented by drawing and field notes by J. F. Victorin.] 84 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Orca Eschrichttt Reinhardt, 1866, Recent memoirs on the cetacea, Ray Soc. London, p. 188, fig. p. 187 [N. Atlantic: Great Britain (type locality: Kollefjord of Strém6, Faeroe Islands); name based on Esch- richt’s description of the third northern species of Orca (Reinhardt, op. cit., p. 184) and attributed to Prof. Steenstrup; several skeletons in the Copenhagen (?) Museum]. [Orcinus orca] eschrichti [sic], Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 771 [classification]. O[rca] Schlegelit Lilljeborg, 1866, Synopsis of the cetaceous mammalia of Scandinavia (Sweden and Norway), Ray Society, London, p. 237 [N. Atlantic: Norway (type locality: west coast); types, 2 skeletons in the Bergen Museum (by restriction; name actually based on addi- tional material examined and described in literature) ]. Orca magellanica Burmeister, 1866, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3), 18: 99 (name), 101 (description), pl. 9, fig. 5 (skull) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (type locality: Arroyo de Cristiano Muerto, south of Cabo Corrientes, Buenos Aires, 38°50’ S.); type a skull only in Buenos Aires museum]; 1867, Anal. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, 1: 307 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Partido de La Loberia, Buenos Aires], 1869, Anal. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, 1(6): 373, pl. 22 (skull) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Cabo Corri- entes to Straits of Magellan) ]—Dabbene, 1902, Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires, (3), 1: 350 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) ]. [Orcinus orca] magellanicus, Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 771 [classification]. Orca orca magellanicus, Lahille, 1914, Enumeracién y zoogeografia de los mamiferos de la reptblica de Argentina, p. 31 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Patagonia) ]. Orca ater Cope, in Scammon, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 21: 22 [N. Pacific (type locality: ‘““North West coasts from Oregon to the Aleutian Islands”; name based on Scammon ms. description (cf. Scammon, 1869, op. cit., p. 57, fig. 17, showing animal seen at Juan de Fuca Straits; 1874, Marine mammals of the northwestern coast of North America, pp. 88, 297, pl. 17, fig. 2 (animals) ]. Orca atra [sic], Gray, 1871, Suppl. cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 92 [misprint for Orca ater Cope]. Orca rectipinna Cope in Scammon, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, 21: 22, figs. 15, 16 (outline sketches of animal) [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (type locality: coast of California); name based on animal described and figured by Scammon (1869, op. cit., p. 55; 1874, Marine mammals of the north western coast of North America, p. 88, pl. 17, fig. 1)]. Grampus rectipinna, Scheffer, 1942, Murrelet, 24: 44 [regarded as valid ].— Hall and Kelson, 1959, Mammals of North America, p. 825 and fig. (animal), fig. 453 (skull) [characters; synonymy]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 85 [Orca] rectispina [sic], Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1050 [misspelling of rectipinna Cope]. Orca stenorhyncha Gray, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 71, figs. 1, 3 (skull) [N. Atlantic: England (type locality: North Sea); types, ‘‘skeleton from Weymouth and a skull from the English coast’’; in British Museum, 2 skulls, nos. 361b-46.8.7.3 and 361c¢ (cf. Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 18)]. Orca latirostris Gray, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 76 [N. At- lantic: England (type locality: North Sea, coast of Essex); type skull, British Museum, no. 361a)]. Ophysia pacifica Gray, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 71, 76 [N. Pacific: type locality not specified but said to agree with a “‘skull of the same species... from Chile’; type from Zoological Society of London, collected by Capt. Delville, R.N., and now in British Museum; synonyms: Delphinus globiceps Grant (1833, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1833: 65), “Delphinus orca Eydoux, Mus. Paris,” Orca capensis Gray (1846, Zoology . . . Erebus and Terror, 1: 34, pl. 9)]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales, p. 93 [N. Pacific; characters].—Flower, 1885, List cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 18 [in synonymy of Orca gladiator; type history]. O[rca] pacifica, Gray, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 6: 394 [S. Pacific: Chile]. [Orca gladiator] australis Gervais, 1869-1871, Ostéographie des cétacés, Atlas, pl. 47, fig. 2 (skull); text p. 540 [Indian: South Africa (type locality: Algoa Bay) ; africana Gray a synonym]. Orca gladiator var. arcticus Gervais, 1869-1871, Ostéographie des cétacés, Atlas, pl. 47, fig. 3 (skull) [N. Atlantic: Great Britain (type locality: Faeroe Islands); type skull in Copenhagen Museum]. Orca gladiator europaeus Gervais, 1869-1871, Ostéographie des cétacés, Atlas, pl. 47, figs. 4, 5 (skulls) [N. Atlantic: type locality not specified; type skull in Paris Museum]. Orca africana Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 91 [Indian: South Africa (type locality: Algoa Bay, Cape of Good Hope) ; evidently a new name for Orca gladiator var. australis Gervais]. Orca tasmanica Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 92 {Indian: Australia (type locality: Tasmania); name based on ‘Orca gladiator var. australis, Gervais, Ostéogr. Cet. t. 47, fig. 1”? (skull) ].— Gervais and Van Bénéden, 1880, Ostéographie des Cétacés, p. 543. Orca gladiator tasmaniensis [sic], Cabrera, 1961, Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat. ‘Bernardino Rivadavia,” 4; 616 [miscitation of name in synonymy of Grampus orca]. Orca minor Malm, 1871, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Akad. Handl., 9: 81 [N. Atlantic: Sweden (type locality: Varberg, here restricted); type skeleton in Géteborg Museum]. 86 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Orca ater var. fusca Dall, in Scammon, 1874, Marine mammals of the northwestern coast of North America, p. 298, pl. 17, fig. 3 (animal) [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (type locality: coast of California or Oregon); name based on Scammon’s account]. Orca antarctica Fischer, 1876, Journ. Zool., 5: 146 [S. Atlantic; name based on M. Dumoutier’s drawing and ms. of a killer whale seen at sea between Powell and South Shetland Islands during the “‘Voyage au Péle Sud” in the Astrolabe and Zélée, commanded by Captain Dumont d’Urville]. Physeter microps, Fabricius (not Linnaeus), 1780, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 44 [N. Atlantic (type locality: Greenland seas) ]. Type: None in existence, name based on a description of the common killer whale of authors. TYPE LOCALITY: “‘Oceano Europaeo.” DisTrisuTION: All seas from Arctic to Antarctic and the coasts of Ant- arctica; in South America from Cabo Corrientes, Buenos Aires (38°50’ S.), Argentina, to Cape Horn, northward on the Pacific side to Concepcidn, Chile (37° S.); in the northwest Atlantic as far south as Florida (Moore, 1953, Midland Nat., 49: 138) and the Bahamas (Backus, 1961, Journ. Mammal., 42: 418)]. Remarks: The name “Grampus’’ rectipinna Cope was revived for the Northern Pacific killer whale by Scheffer (1942, Murrelet, 23: 44) on the basis of a statement communicated to him by Dr. Remington Kellogg that “fall reported observations seem to indicate that the Pacific coast form may have a higher dorsal fin than the Atlantic coast form” [italics mine]. In- deed, Cope, in describing rect?pinna said as much but neither he nor anyone else has offered creditable evidence in support. On the contrary, a great amount of individual and sexual variation in the size of the dorsal fin has been observed and convincingly documented (cf. Scammon, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 21: 57, figs. 15-17; Scammon, 1874, Marine mammals of the northwestern coast of North America, pl. 17, figs. 1-3; Wilson, 1907 Nat. Antarctic Exped., 1901-1904, Zool., 2: 4, 6, fig. 6, pl. 4; Lillie, 1915, British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zool., 1(3): 120. In the absence of any other external or cranial character I treat Orcinus as monotypic. Genus GRAMPUS Gray Grampus Gray, 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica, 1: 2 [subgenus of Delphinus; included species: D. griseus Cuvier, ‘“D. grampus Linn.,” D. globiceps Cuvier (=Globicephala melaena Traill), D. acutus Gray (=Lagenorhynchus acutus Gray), D. heavisidii Gray (=Cephalorhynchus heavisidet Gray), D. obscurus Gray (=Lagenorhynchus cruciger Quoy and Gaimard)]; 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 87 30 [type species: Grampus cuvieri Gray, new name for Delphinus griseus Cuvier, by restriction].—Reinhardt, 1862, Overs. Kongl. Danske Vid. Selsk. Forh., pp. 107, 148, ftn. 1 [Delphinus griseus type by subsequent selection].—Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des Cétacés, p. 563 [taxonomic history; revision].—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 253 [characters; classification]|—Ellerman and Morrison- Scott, 1951, Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals, p. 741 [type and included species: Grampus griseus Cuvier].—Schevill, 1954, Journ. Mammal., 35: 124 [type species: Delphinus griseus Gray; Grampidelphis Iredale and Troughton, 1933, a synonym].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 6, 57, 70, 100, fig. 21 (pterygoid sinus), fig. 25 (air sac system), fig. 26 (table) [auditory system; classification]_—Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 547 [nomenclature; synonyms: Grayius Scott, Grampidelphis Iredale and Troughton]. Grayius Scott, 1873, Mammalia recent and extinct, p. 104 [new name for Grampus Gray, 1828 (work not seen)]. Grampidelphis Iredale and Troughton, 1933, Rec. Australian Mus., 19: 31 [new name for Grampus Gray, 1846; incorrectly regarded as a homo- nym of Grampus Gray, 1828]. Type species: Delphinus griseus Cuvier, by virtual selection (Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 30) and by formal subsequent selection (Reinhardt, 1862, Overs. Kongl. Danske Vid. Selsk. Forh., pp. 107, 148). DisTRIBUTION: In eastern Pacific: recorded from Stuart Island, British Columbia, Monterey, California (37° N.), Isla Guadelupe, Baja California (31° N.), and presumed to occur off Chile; in western Pacific: from Kuriles and Japan to Chinese, Australian, and New Zealand Seas; Indian Ocean; Red Sea; in eastern Atlantic: from the British Isles and the Mediterranean to the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa; in the western Atlantic: from Massachusetts to New Jersey. Grampus griseus G. Cuvier Delphinus griseus G. Cuvier, 1812, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 19: 13-14, pl. 1, upper fig. (animal). D{elphinus (Grampus)| griseus, Gray, 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica, 1: 2 [classification]. Pihocena] griseus, F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 171 [characters; type history]. Grampus griseus, Hamilton, 1837, Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library, Mam- malia, 6 (whales): 233, pl. 21 (animal) [characters; history].—Flower, 1872, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 8: 1, pl. 1 (animal), pl. 2 (skeleton) [anatomy ; taxonomy].—Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des Cétacés, p. 562, pl. 64.—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 125, 88 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 131, 182, pl. 39, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [taxonomy; distribution].— Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 285 [characters; synonymy ; habits].— Weber, 1923, Die Cetaceen der Siboga-Expedition, Siboga Expeditie, 58: 14 [S. Pacific: Indonesia (Lamakera, Solor)].—Fraser, zn Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 301, pl. 7A (animal) [characters; habits].—Barnard, 1954, Guide book to South African whales and dolphins, South African Museum guide, 4: 25, fig. (animal) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (Walfish Bay)].—Schevill, 1954, Journ. Mammal., 35: 124 [N. Atlantic; nomenclature].— Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9: 618 [N. Pacific: Kurile Isls.; ?>Komandorskye Isls.]—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7:17 et seq., fig. 7 (skull), pls. 41, 42 (skull) [auditory system].—Guiguet and Pike, 1965, Mur- relet, 46(1): 16 [N. Pacific: Canada (Big Bay, west side of Stuart Island, British Columbia)].—Fiscus and Niggol, 1965, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Fisheries, no. 498 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (California, 35°12’ N., 122°04’ W. (west of Morro Bay), to 41°42’ N., 125°33’ W. (west of Crescent City) )]. [Grampidelphis| griseus, Iredale and Troughton, 1933, Rec. Australian Mus., 19(1): 32[classification]. Grampidelphis griseus, Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 662 [distribution in North America].—Hall and Kelson, 1959, Mammals of North America, p. 826, text fig. (animal), fig. 454 (skull) [characters; distribution in North America].—Hubbs, 1960, Syst. Zool., 9: 145 [N. Pacific: Mexico (Isla Guadelupe, Baja California) ]. Gramphidelphis [sic] griseus, Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 85, pl. 21 (animal) [characters; habits; distribution|—Mann, 1957, Investig. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 102 [S. Pacific: Chile; key characters]. Delphinus aries G. Cuvier, 1812, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 19:12, pl. 1, lower figure (animal with name) [N. Atlantic: France (type locality: Nice, Mediterranean Sea); name based on drawing of animal studied by M. Risso]. Delphinus Rissoanus Desmarest, 1822, Mammalogie, p. 519 [N. Atlantic: France (type locality: Mediterranean at Nice); new name for aries Cuvier]. Grampus rissoanus, Murie, 1871, Journ. Anat. Phys., 5: 131, pl. 5 (animal) [anatomy; taxonomic history]. D{elphinus] Risso [sic], Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Europe Mérid., 3: 23 [characters]. Pl hocena] rissonus [sic], F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 196, pl. 13 fig. 1 (animal) [characters]. Globicephalus Rissti, Hamilton, 1837 Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library, Mammalia, 6 (whales): 219, pl. 18 (animal) [name based on Cuvier’s ‘dauphin de Risso” ].—Anonymous, 1838, Chinese repository, Canton CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 89 6: 411 [S. Pacific: China (Lewchew, or Lu-chu, 110° E., 21° N., South China Sea); specimen taken on board the Morrison on its voyage to Lu-chu and Japan].—Blyth, 1859, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 28: 491 [characters]. Delphinus Rissoi [sic], Gervais, 1859, Zoologie et paléontologie frangaises, ed. 2, pl. 37, figs. 1, 2 (skull) [N. Atlantic: France (Nice, Mediterranean Sea); the same name and figures may appear in the 1st edition of the work cited, published 1848-1852]. Grampus Cuvieri Gray, 1846a, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (1), 17: 85 [sub- stitute name for Delphinus griseus Cuvier]; 1846b, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 31 [characters]. Grampus sakamata Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 31 [name based on the Delphinus orca of Temminck and Schlegel (not Linnaeus) 1841, Fauna Japonica, p. 25]. Grampus sakata [sic], Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Siberia, 9(Cetacea): 613 [misprint in synonymy of Grampus griseus]. Grampus Richardson Gray, 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 85 [type locality unknown; type a lower jaw, in British Museum]. Globiocephalus Chinensis Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 323 [N. Pacific (type locality: near Leuchen, China, China seas); name based on ‘‘Chinese Globicephalus”’ of Blyth, ‘‘Rep. Asiatic Soc. II”? (work not seen)]. Grampus Stearnsit Dall, 1873, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 5: 13 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (type locality: Monterey, California); type, lower jaws and Scammon’s manuscript account of the ‘‘white-headed”’ or “mottled grampus”’ (cf. Scammon, 1874, Marine mammals, pp. 103, 299, figs. p. 102), a single mandible now in U.S. National Museum, no. 13021, collected by C. M. Scammon]. Grampus souverbianus Fischer, 1881, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 35: 210 [type locality unknown; type a skull in the Bordeaux Museum]. Grampidelphis exilis Iredale and Troughton, 1933, Rec. Australian Mu- seum, 19: 32, pl. 10, figs. 1-5 (skull) [S. Pacific: Australia (type locality: Ocean Beach, Manley, Sydney, New South Wales); Indian: Australia (Vasse River estuary, Geographe Bay, southwestern Australia) |. Grampidelphis kuzira Iredale and Troughton, 1933, Rec. Australian Mus., 19: 34 [new name for Grampus sakamata Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, allegedly not of Gray, 1846]. Delphinus orca, Temminck and Schlegel (not Linnaeus), 1841, Fauna Japonica, p. 25 [N. Pacific: the ‘“‘sakamata-kuzira” of Japan; characters]. Type: Stuffed skin and skull, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. %60—433—65——7 90 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Type Loca.ity: Brest, France. DisTRIBUTION: The same as for the genus. Genus GLOBICEPHALA Lesson Globicephala Lesson, 1828, Complement des oeuvres de Buffon ou Histoire naturelle des animaux rares découverts . . . depuis la mort de Buffon, 1(Cétaces): 276 (“les globicéphales’’), 441 (Globicephala, generic name) [includes species: Delphinus globiceps Cuvier, D. deductor Scoresby (=globiceps), D. rissoanus Cuvier (=Grampus griseus Cuvier) ].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1884: 418 [Globiceps Flower, 1884, preoccupied by Globiceps Pelletier and Serville, 1825, a genus of Hem- iptera].—Thomas, 1898, The Zoologist, 2: 99 [correct name for black- fish].—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3:33 et seq. [history; relation- ship].—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 305.—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 52, 69, 72, 96, 107, 113, fig. 19 (pterygoid sinus), fig. 26 (table) [auditory system; classi- fication]. Globicephalus Lesson, 1828, Férussac Bull. Sci. Nat., 16: 116 (in text) [emendation of or lapsus for Globicephala Lesson].—Hamilton Smith, 1837, Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library, Mammalia, 6(whales): 212 [generic name an emendation of Globicephala Lesson; included species: G. deductor (=Globicephala melaena Traill), G. rissti (=Grampus griseus Cuvier), G. cortest Cuvier (fossil) ]—Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 32 [characters; species ].— Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des Cétacés, p. 554 [review].—Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 19 [listed].— True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36:183 [taxonomy].—Slijper, 1936, Die Cetaceen, vergleichend-anatomisch und systematisch (in text) [comparative anatomy; phylogeny]. Cetus Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amphibien, p. 33 [mew name for Globi- cephala Lesson; preoccupied by Cetus Billberg, 1828 (= Physeter Linnaeus, 1758)]. Globiocephalus Gray, 1846 Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 32 [emendation of ‘‘Globicephala Lesson” (=Globicephala Lesson, 1828)]. Sphaerocephalus Gray, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864: 244 [subgenus of Globiocephalus Gray (=Globicephala Lesson); type species: Globio- cephalus incrassatus Gray by monotypy; name preoccupied by Sphaero- cephalus Eschscholtz, a beetle].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 510 [type species: Sphaerocephalus incrassatus Gray=Globiceps (=Globicephala) melas Traill]. Globiceps Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 508 [mew name for Globicephala Lesson; taxonomy; Sphaerocephalus Gray 1864 a synonym; CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 91 name preoccupied by Globiceps Lepeletier and Serville, 1825, an insect, and Ayres, 1852, a coelenterate; Globiceps Van Bénéden, 1868 a nomen nudum]. Type species: Delphinus globiceps Cuvier (=Delphinus melas Traill), by original designation. DistriBuTION: All seas from southern Greenland, Norway, Alaska, and Japan in the north to the Cape of Good Hope, Cape Horn, New Zealand, and Kerguelen Islands in the south. Globicephala melaena melaena Traill Delphinus melas Traill, 1809, Nicholson’s Journ. Nat. Philos. Chem. Arts, 22: 81, pl. 3 (animal).—Fraser, 1951, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12), 4: 943 [taxonomy]. Globiocephalus melas, Murie, 1874, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 8: 235, pls. 30-38 (soft anatomy).—Dabbene, 1902, Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires, (3), 1: 350 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) ].—Liouville, 1913, Deuxiéme Exped. Antarctique Frangaise, 1908-1910, pp. 1, 159, fig. 14 (animal with scar from squid tentacles), fig. 15 (head), pl. 6, fig. 3 (animal) [taxonomy; characters; habits]. G[lobiceps] melas, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 509 [N. Atlantic; S. Pacific: Australia (Tasmania); New Zealand; syno- nyms: affinis Gray, intermedius Harlan, Spherocephalus incrassatus Gray]. Globicephalus melas, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 19 [S. Atlantic: Falkland Islands; N. Atlantic; S. Pacific; synonyms: Delphinus globiceps Cuvier, Globiocephalus svineval Gray].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 133, 183, pl. 40, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [taxonomy; synonyms: Globiocephalus svineval Gray, G. affinis Gray, G. edwardsii [sic] A. Smith, G. incrassatus Gray, Delphinus intermedius Har- lan, Spharocephalus incrassatus Gray |.—Lahille, 1899, Primera reunién del Congreso Latinoamericano, 3: 201 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Santa Cruz; Tierra del Fuego; Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires) ].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 280, pl. 19 (animal) [part; S. Pacific: New Zealand; S. Atlantic: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope); synonyms: edwardsi Smith, globiceps Cuvier].—Lahille, 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool. Buenos Aires, 1905: 63 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Golfo Nuevo, Chubut; Santa Cruz; Tierra del Fuego)].—Schneider, 1936, Comun. Mus. Concepcién (Chile), afio 1(6): 105 [S. Pacific: Chile (Ancud; Los Vilos, Coquimbo); Globicephalus chilensis Philippi a synonym].— Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos sudamericanos, p. 300 [char- acters; habits].—Yafiez, 1948, Rev. Biol. Marina, Valparaiso, 1: 116 [S. Pacific: Chile; characters; local name: “‘calder6n negro”’].—Mann, 1957, Invest. zool. chilenas, 4: 99 [key characters]. Globicephala melas, Sapin-Jaloustre, 1953, Mammalia, 17(4): 253, fig. 22 (animal) [sighting characters].—Cabrera, 1961, Rev. Mus. Argentino 92 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Cienc. Nat. “Bernardino Rivadavia,” 4: 617 [distribution in South American waters]. G[lobicephalus| m[{elas] melas, Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9: 633 [name restricted to North Atlantic popula- tions]. Globicephala melena, Thomas, 1898, Zoologist, (4), 2: 99 [specific feminine form of Globicephalus melas].—Lillie, 1915, British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zool., 1(3): 121 [N. Atlantic: 11°20’ N., 24°37’ W- S. Atlantic: 42°09’ S., 55°15’ W.: S. Pacitie: New, Zea- land].—Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 578 [S. Pacific: New Zealand].—Fraser, zn Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 303, fig. 77 (animal) [characters; habits]; 1951, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12), 4: 943 [taxonomy].—Hall and Kel- son, 1959, Mammals of North America, p. 828, fig. (animal) [char- acters; synonymy].—Davies, 1960, Journ. Mammal., 41: 29 [part, variation; distribution; synonyms: Jeucosagmaphora Rayner, edwardt A. Smith].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Look, 7 26, 175923930, 5254 115/401 8) tie 9 (skull pete £2 7a(eane plea (mucous membrane of pterygoid sinus), pl. 33, 34 (skull), pl. 49 (middle ear)].—Brown, 1961, Norsk Hvalf.-Tid., 50: 241 [N. Atlantic: southern limits: Virginia and the Mediterranean]. Globicephala melaena, Sergeant, 1962, Bull. Fisheries Res. Board Canada, 132: fig. 3 (herd driving), fig. 4 (animals), figs. 5—9 (dental sections), fig. 14 (sucker marks), figs. 21-23 (ovaries), fig. 24 (mammae) [N. Atlantic: Canada (Newfoundland); growth; age determination; food; predators; parasites; reproduction; longevity; behavior; whaling]. [Globicephala] melaena, Davies, 1963, Evolution, 17: 111 [distribution (North Atlantic and temperate southern hemisphere)]. Globicephala melaena melaena, Sergeant, 1962, Journ. Mammal., 43: 395, pl. 1 (animal), pl. 2 (fetus), pl. 3 (dorsal fin) [characters; comparisons; allometric growth]. Globicephala mela [sic], Morice, 1958, Rev. Trav. Inst. Péches Maritimes, 22(1): 85, 103 [N. Atlantic: West Indies (St. Vincente; Bequia; La Dominique) ]. Delphinus globiceps G. Cuvier, 1812, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 19: 14, pl. 1 (animal) [‘‘le dauphin de St. Brieux,”’ France]. Phocena globiceps, A. Smith, 1834, African Zoology, South African Quart. Journ., (2), no. 3, pt. 2 [work not seen; S. Atlantic: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope)]. Globicephalus globiceps, Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1), Zool. (6): 17 [S. Pacific: Chile (Chiloé Island; Los Vilos, Coquimbo, 32° S.); specimens regarded as identical with Delphinus globiceps Cuvier, 1812 (redescribed in 1896 as G. chilensis)]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 93 Delphinus deductor Scoresby, 1820, Account Arctic regions, 1: 496, pl. 13, fig. 1 (animal ex Traill) [N. Atlantic: Great Britain (Orkney, Shetland, and Faeroe Islands); characters; habits; new name for D. melas Traill]. Delphinus grinda Lyngbye, in Orsted, 1824, Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Afh., 1: xi [N. Atlantic: Great Britain (type locality: Faeroe Islands)].—Lyngbye, 1825, Tidskr. Naturvid., 1: 204-232 [N. Atlantic: Great Britain (Faeroe Islands) ; characters; comparisons; commerce].— Lyngbye, 1825, Froriep Notizen, 12(245): 32 [German translation of preceding]. Delphinus intermedius Harlan, 1827, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 51, pl. 1, fig. 3 (animal) [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (type locality: Salem Harbor, Massachusetts) ; type a drawing by Dr. Charles Pickering of a female harpooned September 1823]. Gllobiocephalus| intermedius, Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1868-1879, Ostéographie des Cétacés, Atlas, pl. 52, fig. 3 (skull) [N. Atlantic: French West Indies (Guadeloupe)]; 1880, ibid., p. 559 [characters]. Delphinus Harlani Fischer, 1829, Syn. Mamm., p. 456 (=656) [new name for Delphinus intermedius Harlan erroneously regarded as preoccupied by D. intermedius Gray 1827 (=Feresa attenuata Gray)]. Phocaena Edwardiu A. Smith, 1834, African Zoology, South African Quart. Journ., (2), 3(2): 239 [work not seen; S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: Slang-kop, near Cape of Good Hope); type a stuffed skin with skull separate in British Museum, no. 53.9.18.26].—Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 51 [characters; comparisons]. Phocena Edwardsii [sic], True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 135 [taxonomy; regarded as a synonym of Globiocephalus melas}. Globiocephalus Edwardsii [sic], Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 320 [original description quoted; type a figure and description by Verreaux of a stranded individual; original figure presented to Gray by A. Smith]. Gl[lobicephala] m[lelaena] edwardi, Davies, 1960, Journ. Mamm., 41: 34 [leucosagmaphora Rayner a synonym; trinomial available for southern form of pilot whale].—Sergeant, 1962, Journ. Mammal., 43: 396 [S. Pacific: Tasmania; characters; comparisons; growth]. Globicephalus conductor Rapp, 1837, Die Cetaceen, p. 34 [technical name for the Globicéphale conducteur of Lesson (1828, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 216) in synonymy of Delphinus globiceps Cuvier]. Globiocephalus affinis Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 32 [type locality unknown; type skull, Royal College of Surgeons, no. 1138; synonyms: Delphinus grampus (ms., Catalog Museum College of Surgeons, no. 1138, Hunterian collec- tion, no. 686); D. melas, Owen (British Fossil Mamm.)]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 317 [characters]. 94 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Globicephalus affinis, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 134 [classifica- tion based on specimen in College of Surgeons, no. 2999, and with dental formula oe which is not of type]. Grampus affinis, Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 300 [classification; characters]. Gllobiceps| affinis, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 508 [characters; taxonomic history]. Globiocephalus Svineval Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 32 [N. Atlantic (type locality: “coast of North America’’); types, two skulls in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, nos. 1137, 1138, originally labelled Delphinus grampus; synonyms: ‘‘le cachalot svineval’” (figure of skull only ex Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, pl. 9, fig. 2), Delphinus melas Traill, Delphinus deductor Scoresby, D. globiceps Cuvier]. Delphinus grampus Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 32 [in synonymy of Globiocephalus svineval Gray, 1846 (see above); name preoccupied by Delphinus grampus Blain- ville, 1817]. Globiocephalus macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 33 [‘‘South Seas” (type locality) ; type, skull only, formerly in the Royal College of Surgeons, now in the British Museum (Natural History), no. 1946.8.9.2; originally presented by J. Bennett (cf. Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 50)]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 320 [characters; habits]. Globicephalus macrorhynchus, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 138, 186 [taxonomy]. Globicephala macrorhyncha, Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 49, figs. 1, 2 (animals), pls. 3, 4 (skulls), pl. 5, fig. 1 (type skull), pl. 5, fig. 2 (Malacca skull) [S. Atlantic: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope); N. Atlantic: Senégal (Dakar); U.S.A. (Osprey, Florida; Dam Neck Mills, Virginia) ; Indian: Malacca (Alor Island, Java Sea); characters; comparisons; synonyms: indica Blyth, brachypterus Cope, globiceps A. Smith (not Cuvier); scammoni possibly a synonym].—Barnard, 1954, Guide book to South African whales and dolphins, South African Museum guide, 4: 25 [S. Atlantic: South Africa; Indian: Kerguelen Island].— Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 550 [synonyms: carbonarius Wagner, fuscus Reichenbach].—Brown, 1961, Norsk Hvalf.-Tid., 50(6): 241 [N. Atlantic: distribution (Madeira and New Jersey southward) ; seasonal distribution].—Sergeant, 1962, Journ. Mammal., 43: 395 [Indian; N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Flagler’s Beach, Florida); characters; comparisons].—Caldwell and Erdmann, 1963, Journ. Mammal., 44 113 [N. Atlantic: Cuba; Bahamas; Haiti; Puerto Rico; Virgin Islands; Dominica]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 95 Globiocephala? macrorhyncha, Gibson Hill, 1950, Bull. Raffles Mus., Singa- pore, 22: 278 [Indian: Cocos-Keeling Islands; strandings in Indian Ocean]. G{[lobiceps| macrorhyncha, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 509 [characters; comparisons; synonyms: intermedius Van Bénéden and Gervais (not Harlan), brachypterus Cope, scammoni Cope]. [Globicephala] macrorhyncha, Davies, 1963, Evolution, 17: 111 [distribution (Caribbean to East Indies) ]. D{elphinus] carbonarius Wagner, 1846, Schreber’s Séugthiere, 7: 305, pl. 352, fig. 1 (animal) [name based on the blackfish Phocaena sp., of Bennett, 1840, recorded from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, from 50° N. to 35° S., including Coast of California and Indian Archipelago]. G[lobicephalus] Fuscus Hamilton, 1837, Jardine’s Naturalists’ Library, Mammalia, 6: 220 [nomen nudum]. Delphinus fuscus, Reichenbach, 1846, Vollstandigste Naturgeschichte des Ins- und Auslande, Cetaceen, p. 77 [S. Pacific: between Friendship Islands and Australia; name attributed to Jardine and based on the “blackfish” described by Lesson (1826, Voy. La Coquille, p. 185)]. Gl[lobicephala| indica Blyth, 1852, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 21: 358 [India (type locality: Hugly River, near Serampore, West Bengal); type skin and skeleton mounted separately in the Museum of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta; presented 1852 by C. T. Lushington].—Blyth, 1859, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 28: 484 (ftn.), 491 [India (Saltwater Lake, Calcutta, July 1852); Hugli (Hooghly) River, near Serampore, 1858].—Blanford, 1891, Fauna of British India, p. 577 [India (type locality: Saltwater Lake, Calcutta); characters]. Globiocephalus incrassatus Gray, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861: 309, figs. pp. 311, 312 (skull) [N. Atlantic: Great Britain (type locality: Bridgeport, Dorsetshire) ; type skull, British Museum]. Sphaerocephalus incrassatus Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 324, figs. 63, 64 (skull) [characters]. [?] Globiocephalus propinquus Malm, 1871, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., 9: 85 [N. Atlantic: type locality near the equator; type skeleton in Géteborg Museum; collected by Commodore K. L. Natt]. Globiocephalus guadaloupensis Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 84 [N. Atlantic: French West Indies (type locality: Guadeloupe Island); name based on the Globiocephalus intermedius of Gervais and Van Bénéden, 1868-1880 (not Harlan); type skull in the Paris Museum]. Globiocephalus australis Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 85 [nomen nudum; “Coast of Australia. In Museum of Sydney’’]. Globicephalus brachypterus Cope, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 28: 129, figs. 1-3 (skull) [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (type locality: east 96 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 coast of Delaware Bay at mouth of Maurice River); type skeleton, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia]. Globicephala brachycephala [sic], Cadenat, 1957, Bull. Inst. Frangais Afrique Noire, 19(A): 1357 [N. Atlantic: Sénégal; name a lapsus for brachyp- tera Cope]. Globiocephalus chilensis Philippi, 1896, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool. Entr., 12a: 7, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4 (skull) [S. Pacific: Chile (type locality: Los Vilos, Coquimbo, and Chiloé Island); types, 2 skeletons in Santiago Museum].—True, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16: 140, 143 [taxonomy]. Globicephala leucosagmaphora Rayner, 1939, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (11), 4: 543 [S. Atlantic: South Africa (type locality: south of Cape of Good Hope); S. Pacific: New Zealand].—Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 52, pl. 1, fig. 1 (skull) [S. Atlantic: Falklands; characters; comparisons; Phocaena Edwardii A. Smith, 1834, similar].—Hamilton, 1952, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 4(66): 2, 4 [S. Atlantic: Falklands]. G[lobicephala| mlelas| l[eucosagmaphora.|, Tomilin, 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 182 [part; Indian; S. Pacific]. Phocena sp. Bennett, 1840, Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe, 2: 233-235, fig. (animal) [Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans from 50° N. to 35° S.]. Globicephala scammonii, Bailey (part, not Cope), 1936, North American Fauna, 55: 346 [S. Pacific: Peru; Ecuador (southern ocean records ex Scammon, 1874, Marine mammals of the northwestern coast of North America, p. 87)].—Cabrera, 1961, Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat. ‘“‘Bernardino Rivadavia,” 4: 618 [distribution in South American waters]. Globicephalus ventricosus, Iredale and Troughton (not Lacépede), 1933, Rec. Australian Mus., 19(1): 35 [Delphinus ventricosus Lacépéde (=Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus) erroneously applied to a pilot whale (cf. Fraser, 1951, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12), 4: 942)]. Globicephala ventricosa, Kellogg (not Lacépéde), 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 69, pl. 12 (animal) [characters; habits; distribution]. Globicephala sp., Lévéque, 1963, Mammalia, 27(4): 608 [S. Pacific: Ecuador (Guayaquil) ]. LecrotyrPe: Figured specimen, one of 92 whales stranded Decem- ber 1806; skull now in British Museum (Natural History), no. 363a- 44.12.3.2; purchased 1844 from Professor Traill (cf. Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 20). TYPE LOCALITY: Scapay Bay, Pomona, Orkney Islands, Scotland. DistripuTion: Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans from 70° north to approximately 60° south. Remarks: Distinction of southern pilot whales from northern are based on individual or pod variables; further, a geographic basis for separating CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 97 these wide-ranging and migratory dolphins into northern and southern races does not exist. Recognition of the northern Pacific G. m. sieboldii simply follows a pattern that may be as much subjective as objective. Globicephala melaena sieboldi Gray Delphinus globiceps, Temminck (not Cuvier), 1841, Fauna Japonica, pl. 27, fig. 1 (young animal), figs. 2, 3 (skull), fig. 4 (teeth) [N. Pacific: Japan (Nagasaki) ]. Globiocephala Sieboldii Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 32.—True, 1886, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 142 [‘‘it will very probably prove to be identical with G. scammoni”’ |—F raser, in Ellerman and Morrison Scott, 1951, Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals, p. 741 [‘‘premaxillae more like macrorhynchus or scammoni than melaena’’ |. Globicephala Sieboldi, Kuroda, 1938, List of Japanese mammals, p. 19 [N. Pacific: Japan]. Globicephala_ siteboldit, Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 551 [antedates macrorhyncha and scammont]. Globicephalus Scammonit Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 21: 21, figs. 12, 13 (sketch of animal) [N. Pacific: Mexico (type locality: 10 miles off coast of Baja California, 31° N.); type, 1 of 3 specimens captured Dec. 14, 1862, and described by Scammon (1874 Marine mammals of the northwestern coast of North America, p. 68); cotype skull in U.S. National Museum, no. 9074]. Globicephala scammonii, Kuroda, 1938, List of Japanese mammals, p. 19 [N. Pacific: Japan].—G. M. Allen, 1938, Mammals of China and Mongolia, 1: 506 [N. Pacific: China (Yangtze Estuary) ].—Scheffer and Slipp, 1948, American Midl. Nat., 39: 289 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Washington State; southern California) |.—Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 664 [N. Pacific: Kanatak, Alaska to Guatemala]. G[lobicephala] scamonii [sic], Nishiwaki, 1957, Coll. Rep. Fish Sci. Tokyo Univ., p. 152 [N. Pacific: Japan]. Globicephalus scammonit, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 139, 185, pl. 42, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [characters; comparisons]. G[lobicephala| scammoni, Sowerby, 1926, China Journ. Sci. Arts, 5: 200 [N. Pacific: China (Gutslaff Island, Yangtze Estuary) ].—Fraser, 1950, Atlantide Rep., 1: 49, 53, 58, 59 [comparisons; doubtfully distinct from macrorhyncha Gray]. Globicephala scammoni, Norris and Prescott, 1961, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 63: 293, 300, 336 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (southern California) ; characters; habits]|—Sergeant, 1962, Journ. Mammal., 43: 396 [characters ; comparisons]. G[lobicephalus| mlelas| scammonii, Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9(Cetacea): 633 [N. Pacific: distribution 98 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 (Alaska to Washington and Japan) ].—Tomilin, 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 182 [N. Pacific: Japan; China; Canada; U.S.A. (Washington); Mexico (Baja California) ]. Globiocephalus sibo Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 85 [N. Pacific: Japan (type locality); type, the Japanese ‘‘sibo golo” described by Gray (1846, Zoology . .. Terror, vol. 1) under his Globiocephalus sieboldit). Globicephala| melaena, Nishiwaki (not Traill), 1957, Coll. Rep. Fish Sci. Tokyo Univ., p. 152 [N. Pacific: Japan]. Globicephala macrorhyncha, Rice (not Gray), 1963, Norsk Hvalf.-Tid., 52: 156 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (San Clemente Island, southern Cali- fornia) ]. Type: “Figure of a young specimen ... made by M. Villeneuve, which is copied in the ‘Fauna Japonica’ [Temminck, 1841, pl. 27], and [its] complete skeleton brought from Japan by M. Siebold’’; type stranded October 1827, its skeleton now in the Leiden Museum (cf. Jentink, 1887, Cat. Ostéol. Mamm. Mus. Hist. Nat., Pays-Bas, 9: 175). TYPE LOCALITY: Near Nagasaki, Japan. DisTRIBUTION: North Pacific from Alaska to Guatemala on the east, Japan and the Yangtze Estuary, China, on the west. Genus FERESA Gray Feresa Gray, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 77; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 78 [subgenus of Orca Gray].—Yamada, 1954, Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., 9: 59 [review].—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 252 [characters; classification].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 97, 107, fig. 19 (pterygoid sinus), fig. 24 (air sac system), fig. 26 (table) [auditory system; classification]. Feresia Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 510 [emendation of Feresa Gray; characters]. TYPE SPECIES: Orca intermedia Gray (=Feresa attenuata Gray), by monotypy. DistriBuTION: Recorded from coast of Sénégal, North Atlantic, and Taiji, Honshu, Japan, North Pacific. Feresa attenuata Gray Delphinus intermedius Gray, 1827, Philos. Mag. or Annals, (2), 2(2): 376 [type a skull only, British Museum (Natural History), no. 362a, from unknown locality; name preoccupied by Delphinus intermedius Harlan, 1827, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 51, pl. 1, fig. 3 (June) (=Globicephala melaena Traill) |. Grampus intermedius, Gray, 1843, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 106 [listed]. Orca intermedia, Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 34, pl. 8 (skull) [characters]; 1850, Cat. Mamm. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 99 Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 96 [characters]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 283; 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870: 77 [characters; type of Feresa]. Feresa intermedia, Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 78 [type, skull of adult]; 1875, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, 8: 184 [characters; comparisons].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 107, 175, pl. 30, fig. 2 (skull) [characters; F. attenuata Gray a synonym].—Yamada, 1954, Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., 9: 59, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (dorsal fin), fig. 3 (flippers), fig. 4 (tail), figs. 5-7 (skull), fig. 8 (teeth), figs. 9-15 (postcranial skeletal parts) [N. Pacific: Japan (Taiji, southeast of Osaka); external and osteological characters; Feresa attenuata Gray a synonym|].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 53, pl. 35 (skull) [auditory system]. Feresa intermedia? Cadenat, 1958, Bull. Inst. Frangais Afrique Noire, 20(A): 1486, figs. 1-4 (skull) [N. Atlantic: Sénégal (Yenn); characters; comparisons]. Fleresia (sic)] intermedia, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 510-511 [characters; comparisons; Feresia (sic) attenuata Gray a synonym]. Feresia [sic] intermedia, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 22 [type skull figured in Gray, 1846, Zoology . . . Erebus and Terror, 1: pl. 8; British Mus., no. 4a—-362a; F. attenuata Gray a synonym; type skull, Brit. Mus., no. 1672a—74.11.25.1]. Feresa attenuata Gray, 1875, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy (Hamburg), 8: 184.— Fraser, 1960, Bull. Inst. Frangais Afrique Noire, 22(A): 699, fig. 1a (type skull of intermedia), fig. 1b (type skull of attenuata), fig. 1c (skull from Yenn) [N. Atlantic: Yenn, Sénégal; characters; comparisons; synonyms: intermedia Gray (preoccupied), occulta Jones and Packard]. Nishiwaki, Kasuya, Kamiya, Toboyama, Nakajima, 1965, Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., 19: 65, figs. 4-6 (animals), fig. 7 (dorsal vertebrae), fig. 8 (flippers), table 9 (scapula), table 10 (sternum), table 11 (hyoid), pl. 1 (fetus and adults), pls. 2, 3 (skulls), pl. 4 (vertebrae), pl. 5 (flipper, fin, flukes) [N. Pacific: Japan (Sagami Bay, Honshu); characters; habits]. Feresia [sic] attenuata, Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 510, 511 [characters; comparisons; regarded as a synonym of F. intermedia Gray]. Feresa occulta Jones and Packard, 1956, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 167 [mew name for Delphinus intermedius Gray, preoccupied ].— Hall and Kelson, 1959, Mammals of North America, p. 830, fig. (animal), fig. 456d (skull) [N. Pacific: Japan (Taiji, Honshu) ]. Type: Skull only, British Museum (Natural History), no. 1672a- 74.11.25.1. Type LocALity: Unknown. DistRiBuTION: The same as for the genus. 100 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Genus PHOCOENA G. Cuvier Phocena G. Cuvier, 1817, Régne animal, ed. 1, 1:279 [type species: Delphinus phocena Linnaeus, by monotypy].—Desmarest, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 9: 163 [characters].—Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 551 [nomenclature]. Phocoena Norris and McFarland, 1958, Journ. Mammal., 39: 22 [taxo- nomic review]. Phocena Gray, 1821, Med. Repository, 15: 310 [emendation or misprint of Phocena Cuvier; includes species P. phocena (sic) Linnaeus]. Phocena Gray, 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica, 1: 2 [subgenus of Delphinus Linnaeus for ‘‘D. Phocena (sic) of Linné’’]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 301 [review].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 505 [taxonomy].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 117, 179 [taxonomy]. Phocaena Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 33 et seq., 194 [history; relationship; body temperature].—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 253, 285, 291 [characters; classification]. Acanthodelphis Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 304 [type species: Phocena (sic) spinipinnis Burmeister, by monotypy]. TYPE spECcIES: Delphinus phocena Linnaeus, by monotypy. DisTRiBUTION: Arctic and North Atlantic: from Barents Sea and Davis Strait to New Jersey on the west, the Mediterranean on the east; South Atlantic: from Rio de la Plata (35° S.) to Cape Horn and South Georgia; Arctic and North Pacific: from Alaska to coast of Jalisco, Mexico, on the east and the Japanese Sea on the west; South Pacific: from Paita, Peru (5° S.), to Cape Horn. Phocoena spinipinnis Burmeister Phocaena spinipinnis Burmeister, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 228.—Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 304 [char- acters]|—Burmeister, 1867, Zeitschr. Gesammten Naturw., 29: 4 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Buenos Aires)]; 1869, Anal. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, 1(6): 380, pl. 23 (animal), pl. 24 (skull) [characters]_—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 122, 180, pl. 36, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [taxonomic review].—Figueira, 1894, Anal. Mus. Nac. Monte- video, 2: 12 (separate) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Rio de La Plata, Argentina) ].—Lahille, 1899, Primera reunién del Congreso Latino- americano, 3: 201 [listed]|—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 251 [characters].—True, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16: 136, 143 [Phocaena philippii Perez Canto a synonym].—Lahille, 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool. Buenos Aires, 1905: 57 [characters]—G. M. Allen, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67: 251 [S. Pacific: Peru (Payta =Paita); taxonomy; external and osteological characters; comparisons; philippi Perez Canto a synonym].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 310, fig. 73 (animal) [characters].— CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 101 Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 102 [key characters]. Norris and McFarland, 1958, Journ. Mammal., 39: 24 (in text), pls. 1, 2, 3, fig. B (skull) [characters; comparisons; distribution]—Clarke, 1962, Norsk Hvalf.-Tid., 51: 229, ftn. 1 [S. Pacific: Peru (Chimbote, 09°- 04’ S., 78°34’ W.; sold in fish market) ]. P{hocena] spinipinnis, Yafiez, 1948, Rev. Biol. Marina, Valparaiso, 1: 116 [S. Pacific: Chile]. Phocoena spinipinnis, Norris and McFarland, 1958, Journ. Mammal., 39: 32, pls. 1-3B (skull) [distribution; comparisons]. Phocaena spinipennis [sic], Van Bénéden, 1868, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci., Belgique, 25: 96 [type skeleton in Buenos Aires Museum].—Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1043 [misspelling]. Acanthodelphis spinipinnis, Gray, 1868, Synopsis whales and dolphins Brit. Mus., p. 8 [classification]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 81 [classification; ‘‘coast of Brazil’’]. Phocena Philippi Perez Canto, 1893, zn Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1), Zool. (6): 9, pl. 3, fig. 2 (animal) [S. Pacific: Chile (type locality) ; name based on an individual now represented solely by the colored figure in plate 3 drawn by the author].—True, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16: 136, 143 [a synonym of Phocaena spinipinnis]. Acanthodelphis (Phocena) philippiit, Philippi, 1896, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool.,. Enir.,, 12a: 8; pl..2, fig. 23 pl. 3, figs. 1-5 (skull) [S.. Pacific: Chile (Bahia de Talcahuano, Concepcién) ; cranial characters]. [Cephalorhynchus]? Philippii, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1041 [classification]. Type: Skin mounted, skull separate, in Buenos Aires Museum; captured alive by fishermen. TYPE LocaLity: Mouth of Rio de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. DisTRIBUTION: Coast of southern South America from the Rio de La Plata (35° S.) on the east, and Paita, Peru (5° S.), on the west, southward. Phocoena sinus Norris and McFarland Phocoena vomerina, Hall and Kelson (part, not Gill), 1959, Mammals of North America, pp. 831, 1081 [N. Pacific: Mexico (Banderas Bay, Jalisco) J. Phocoena sinus Norris and McFarland, 1958, Journ. Mammal., 39: 22, 24, pls. 1-3, fig. A (skull), pl. 4 (skull).—Norris and Prescott, 1961, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 63: 349 [N. Pacific: distribution; behavior]. Type: Skull only, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of Cali- fornia, no. 120933; collected Mar. 18, 1950, by Kenneth S. Norris. Type LocaA.ity: Northeast shore of Punta San Felipe, Baja California Norte, Gulf of California, Mexico. DistripuTion: Northern Pacific from upper Gulf of California to Tres Marias Islands and Banderas Bay, Jalisco, Mexico. 102 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Phocoena dioptrica Lahille [?] Phocaena obtusata Philippi, 1893, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, (1), Zool., 6: 12, pl. 3, fig. 1 (animal) [S. Pacific: Chile (type locality: Bahia de Talcahuano, Concepcién); type in Museo Nacional de Santiago, re- ceived 1888 from Sr. Federico Godoy]. [?] Cephalorhynchus? obtusata, True, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16: 139, 143 [classification; type probably immature]. Phocaena dioptrica Lahille, 1912, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Buenos Aires, 23: 269, pls. 6-7 (animal), pl. 8 (fetus of type), pl. 9, fig. 5 (animal).— Bruch, 1916, Physis, 11: 461, figs. (male and female) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Rfo Santiago, Buenos Aires); measurements].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 312, fig. 80 (animal) [S. Atlantic: ‘“‘River Plate to South Georgia”; charac- ters; “may be same as P. obtusata’’]|—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos sudamericanos, p. 300 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Rio de La Plata, Buenos Aires); local name: ‘“‘marsopa de anteojos’’].—Hamil- ton, 1941, Discovery Rep., no. 21 [S. Atlantic: South Georgia; Falk- lands; Argentina (Rio Santiago); external and osteological charac- ters]—Hamilton, 1952, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 4(66): 4 [S. Atlantic: Falklands]—Norris and McFarland, 1961, Journ. Mammal., 39: 32, 34, pls. 1-3D (skull) [distribution; charac- ters; comparisons; stornit Marelli a synonym]. Phocaena Stornit Marelli, 1922, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina, Buenos Aires, 94: 229, figs. 1-3, 5 (skull), fig. 4 (teeth) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (type locality: Tierra del Fuego); type [a skull only in the Buenos Aires Museum]. Type: Female, entire specimen preserved in spirits, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires. TYPE LOCALITY: Punta Colares, near Quilmes, Rio de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. DisTRIBUTION: South Atlantic from the Rio de La Plata (34°40’ S.), Argentina, to Tierra del Fuego, the Falklands, and South Georgia. Should obtusata Philippi prove to be the same, the range would include the coast of Chile from 36° southward. Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus [Delphinus] phocena Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1:77. D{elphinus] phocena |sic] Miiller, 1776, Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, p. 7 [N. Atlantic: Norway; Greenland]. Delphinus phocena [sic], Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, p. 287, pl. 13, fig. 2 (animal), pl. 14, fig. 2 (skull), pl. 15, fig. 3 (animal) [charac- ters]. D{elphinus] (Phocena [sic]) phocena [sic], Gray, 1828, Spicilegia zoologica, 1: 2 [classification]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 103 Phocena [sic] phocena [sic], Gray, 1821, London Medical Repository, 15: 310 [misprint or emendation for Phocena phocena Linnaeus]. Phocaena [sic] phocaena [sic], Kleinenberg, 1956, Mammals of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov [in Russian], p. 84 [U.S.S.R. (Black Sea) ; relicta a synonym].—Tomilin, 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 20, fig. 70 (animal), fig. 71 (skull) [distribution; biology]. Phocoena phocoena, Norris and McFarland, 1958, Journ. Mammal., 39: 24, pls. 1-3, fig. C (skull), pl. 4 (skull) [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Point Barrow, Alaska, to San Pedro Channel, southern California); characters; com- parisons; vomerina Gill a synonym].—Norris and Prescott, 1961, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 63: 348 [distribution; behavior; morphology]. Phiocaena] phlocaena| phocaena, Tomilin, 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., 79: 203 [N. Atlantic]. [?] D[elphinus] Phocaena fuscus Kerr, 1792, Animal Kingdom, p. 363 [N. Atlantic: Canada (St. Lawrence River); name based on the “pour- sille” of Bomare, 1768, Dict. Hist. Nat., article: ‘‘ Balezne’’]. Delphinus ventricosus Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. xliii, 311 [N. Atlantic: England (type locality: River Thames); name based on the ‘‘lesser Grampus” of Hunter, 1787, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, TLCh) 291 3y:pls 17). Phocena [sic] communis Lesson, 1827, Man. Mamm., p. 413 [new name for Delphinus phocaena of authors]. Phocena [sic] tuberculifera Gray, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 320 [N. Atlantic: England (type locality: Margate); type skin (in spirits) and skeleton, British Museum, no. 365)—65.12.8.43]. Phocena [sic] vomerina Gill, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 17: 178 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (type locality: Puget Sound, Washington) ; type rostrum and part of braincase, U.S. National Museum, no. 4149; collected by C. B. R. Kennerly and cataloged July 1860]. Phocaena [sic] phocaena vomerina, Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9: 703 [classification]. Phocoena vomerina, Hall and Kelson, 1959, Mammals of North America, p. 831, fig. (animal), fig. 457 (skull) [characters; distribution]. Phocena |sic] brachycium Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 279 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (type locality: Salem Harbor, Massa- chussetts); cotypes, two skulls in Museum of Essex Institute, Salem, Massachussetts, now probably in the U.S. National Museum].—Cope 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 134 [regarded as a syno- nym of “‘P. americana Agass{iz], fide Verrill; not described”’]. Phocena [sic] brachctum [sic], Hall and Kelson, 1959, Mammals of North America, p. 831 [misprint for brachycitum Cope]. Phocena [sic] americana J. A. Allen, 1869, Mammals of Massachussetts, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., p. 206 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (type locality: Massachussetts); name attributed to Agassiz [not described], with P. brachycium Cope, in synonymy]. 104 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Phocena [sic] lineata Cope, 1876, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 134, 135 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (type locality: ‘“Harbour of New York” (p. 134), Eastport, Maine (p. 136)) ; lectotype cast and skull of New York 12481 ieee (cf. Poole and Schantz, 1942, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 178: 110)]. Phocena Rondeletii Giglioli, 1870, Note intorno alla distribuzione della fauna vertebrata nell’ oceane, R. Magenta, 1865-68, p. 78 [N. At- lantic: European coast; name borrowed from Willoughby, 1686, Hist. Pisc., 4: 31]. Phocena {sic] relicta Abel, 1905, Jahrb. K. K. Geol. Reichsanstalt, Wien, 55: 387, 388, figs. 3, 4 (animal) [U.S.S.R. (type locality: Crimean coast, Black Sea); type, female skeleton and cotype skeleton in Bio- logical Station, Academy of Science, Sebastopol, U.S.S.R.]. Phocena [sic] phocaena {sic] relicta, Zalkin, 1940, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, Sec. Biol., n. s., 49(1): 61 [U.S.S.R. (Black Sea); biology]. Phocaena [sic] phocaena [sic] var. acuminata Van Deinse, 1935, Levende Natuur, Amsterdam, 40: 113 (name, p. 115), figs. 1, 2 (animal), fig. 3 (mandible), figs. 4-6 (skin) [N. Atlantic: Netherlands (type locality: Walcheren, Dishoeck, Zoutelande); type male stranded Dec. 14, 1934]. Van Deinse, 1946, Zool. Med. Leiden, 26: 158 [N. Atlantic: Netherlands; characters]. Phocaena [sic] phocoena acuminata conidens Van Deinse, 1946, Zool. Med. Leiden, 26: 158, 159 [N. Atlantic: Netherlands (type locality: Wal- cheren, Zouteland); type, male, stranded Dec. 14, 1934, skeleton originally in Rotterdam Natural History Museum, now in Leiden Museum]. Harbor specimen U.S. National Museum, no. Type: None in existence, name based on the common porpoise of authors. TYPE LOCALITy: “‘Oceano Europaeo Balthico.”’ DistriBsuTIon: In Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans: from Barents Sea, Iceland, and Davis Strait to Black, Azov, and Mediterranean Seas and off Sénégal (Fraser, 1958, Bull. Inst. Francais Afrique Noire, 20A: 276) on the east, to Delaware on the west; in the North Pacific: from Point Barrow, Alaska, to Banderas, Jaliso, Mexico, on the east, and to Japanese waters on the west. Genus PHOCOENOIDES Andrews Phocenoides Andrews, 1911, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 30: 31. Phocaenoides Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 297 [characters; classification ]. TypE spEcIES: Phocoenoides truet (=Phocoena dalli True), by original designation. DisTRIBUTION: Northern Pacific from the Bering Sea to northwestern Baja California on the east, eastern Siberia and Japan on the west. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 105 Phocoenoides dalli True Phocena dalli True, 1885, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 8: 95. Phocoenoides dalli, Wilke, Taniwaki, Kuroda, 1953, Journ. Mamm., 34: 488 [N. Pacific: Japan (39° N.); “Shunting”’; characters; compari- sons|.—Hubbs, 1960, Syst. Zool., 9: 144 [N. Pacific: Mexico (north- western Baja California, southern limit of range)].—Norris and Prescott, 1961, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 63: 296, 351 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Orange County, California); seasonal movements; behavior; morphology; reproduction; locomotion; parasites].—Scheffer and Rice, 1963, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep., 431: 5 [intergrada- tion with trued not found]. Phocoenoides dalli dalli, ‘Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9: 681 [N. Pacific: northern race]; 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 199 [N. Pacific (confined between 39° and 61°)]. Phocenoides truei Andrews, 1911, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 30: 32, figs. 1-3 (fins, head), figs. 4-7 (skull), figs. 8-23 (postcranial skeletal parts), pls. 1-2 (animal) [N. Pacific: Japan (type locality: Aikawa- hama, Rikuzen Province) ; type, skull and skeleton, American Museum of Natural History, no. 31425; collected June 18, 1910, by R. C. Andrews].—Wilkie, Taniwaki, Kuroda, 1953, Journ. Mamm., 34: 488 [N. Pacific: Japan (38°15’ N.); hunting; characters; regarded as distinct from dall]. Phocoenoides dalli truet, Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9: 320 [N. Pacific: southern race]; 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 199 [N. Pacific (confined between 42° and 43°)]. Phocaena dalli truei, Imaizumi, 1958, Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 25(5-6): 9 [N. Pacific: Japan]. Type: Male, skull only, U.S. National Museum, no. 21762; collected Aug. 13, 1873, by W. H. Dall. TYPE LOCALITY: Strait west of Adakh (= Adak), Aleutian Islands, Alaska. DisTRIBUTION: The same as for the genus. Genus NEOPHOCAENA Palmer Neomerts Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 30 [type species: Neomeris Phocaenoides (= Del- phinus phocaenoides Cuvier), by monotypy; name preoccupied by Neomeris Costa, 1844, a genus of Vermes].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 506 [characters].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 114 [review].—Thomas, 1925, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), 16: 655 [generic name valid; synonyms: Meomerts Gray, 1847: Nomeris Coues, 1890: Neophocaena Palmer, 1899].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus., (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 93, 104, fig. 26 (table) [auditory system classification]. 760-433—65——8 106 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Meomeris Gray, 1847, List Ostéol. Spec. Brit. Mus., pp. xii, 36 [misprint for Neomeris Gray, an incorrect subsequent spelling without status in nomenclature (cf. Art. 33, International Code Zoological Nomencla- ture].—Thomas, 1922, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), 9: 676 [‘‘valid” generic name, substituted for Neomeris Gray, preoccupied; Neopho- caena Palmer a synonym].—G. M. Allen, 1923, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65: 233 [history; nomenclature; taxonomy; morphology].— Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana, 39: 552 [nomenclature]. Nomeris Coues, 1890, Century Dict., 4: 4449 [misprint for Neomeris in synonymy of Phocoena phocaenoides, an incorrect subsequent spelling without status in nomenclature (cf. Art. 36, International Code Zo- ological Nomenclature) ]. Neophocaena Palmer, 1899, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13: 23 [new name for Neomeris Gray believed to be preoccupied by Neomeris Lam- oureux, 1816, regarded as a polyp but which appears to be an alga (cf. Thomas, 1925, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), 16: 655)]. Phaecana G. M. Allen, 1923, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65: 239 [misprint for Phocena in combination with phocaenoides; name attributed to Rob- inson and Kloss, in synonymy of Meomeris phocaenoides). Type species: Neomeris Phocaenoides Gray (= Delphinus phocaenoides Cuvier), by monotypy. DistrIBuTION: Indian Ocean: from South Africa to Bay of Bengal; South Pacific: from South China Sea (Sarawak), Chinese coast (Yang- tzekiang River from mouth to 1000 miles inland, and in Tungting Lake) to coast of southern Japan. Tomilin (1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R. Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 194) adds Korea and the peripheral Malacca and Persian Gulf to the range of the genus. He mentions that the species may be a possible visitor in the Sea of Japan and southern part of the Kuriles. Neophocaena phocaenoides G. Cuvier D{elphinus] phocenoides G. Cuvier, 1829, Regni animale, 1: 291 (in text). Neomeris Phocenoides, Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 30 [classification]. Neomeris phocenoides, True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 114, 178, pl. 34, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (skull) [characters; cotypes in Paris Museum (skull from Malabar=lectotype; skull from Cape of Good Hope); skeleton of type of melas Temminck in Leiden Museum].—Fraser, 1935, Nat. Hist. Mag., 5: 90, fig. p. 91 (animal) [China: Yangtse River, 60 miles above Hankow]. Neomeris phocaenoides, Gibson-Hill, 1950, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 5: 294 [N. Pacific: Sarawak; Indian: South Africa]—Romer, 1955, Mem. Hong Kong Biol. Circle, 3: 2, 4, fig. p. 2 (animal) [N. Pacific: Hong Kong; measurements; color change in death]. Meomeris phocanoides, Gray, 1847, List osteological specimens Brit. Mus., p. 36 [listed] —G. M. Allen, 1923, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65: 233, CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 107 pl. 1 (external characters of freshly killed animal), pl. 2 (skull), pl. 3 (sternum, ear bones, ribs, vertebrae, carpus) [China (Tung Ting Lake, Hunan; Yangtse River at Kiang-yin, Kiang-su); history; nomen- clature; taxonomy; distribution; anatomy; osteology; synonyms: molagan Owen, melas Temminck, kurrachiensis Murray]. [Neophocaena] phocenoides, Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 768 [classification]. Delphinapterus molagan Owen, 1866, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 6:24 [Indian: India (type locality: Madras); description based on a draw- ing of the “‘molagan”’ of the Tamil fishermen]. Neomeris kurrachiensis Murray, 1884, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13: 351 [Indian: Pakistan (type locality: Kurrachee (Karachi), Arabian Sea) ; description based on stranded animal and skull; type presumably in the Karachi Museum]. Delphinus melas, Temminck (not Traill), 1841, Fauna Japonica, Mammi- feres marins, p. 14, pl. 25 (animal, rostrum), pl. 26 (skull, pectoral limb bones, sternum, vertebrae) [N. Pacific: Japan (type locality) ; type skeleton in Leiden Museum]. Neomeris melas Giglioli (cf. Temminck or Schlegel), 1870, Note intorno alla distribuzione della fauna vertebrata nell’oceano., Viaggio... R. P. Magenta, p. 78 [N. Pacific: 8°43’ N., 107°10’ E. (off Indochina)]. Nomerus [sic] melus [sic], Goues, 1890, Century Dict., 4: 4449 [in synonymy of Phocoena phocaenoides Cuvier]. Neophocena sp., Lydekker, 1909, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1908: 806, pl. 44, fig. 2 (animal) [characters]. Type: Skull, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, no. 3086; collected by M. Dussumier. TYPE LOCALITY: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. DisTriBuTION: The same as for the genus. Remarks: The species was described in 1829 on the basis of a skull ““découvert au Cap.” In erecting the genus Neomeris, Gray (1846, Zool- ogy . . . Erebus and Terror, 1: 30) remarked that, in addition to the type from the Cape of Good Hope, “there is in the Mus. Paris a skull of ‘D. Phocenoides’ brought from Malabar by Dussumier in 1837” [sic]. True (1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 114) examined two skulls in the Paris Museum, as follows: ‘‘No. A. 3087 skull, Coast of Malabar. Dussumier. Type D. phocenoides Cuvier. No. A. 3086 skull, Cape of Good Hope.” On page 179 of the same work, however, True lists the South African skull no. A. 3086 as type and gives its measurements. In his review of the genus under the name Meomeris, G. M. Allen (1923, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65: 233, 235, 241) marshalled long lines of negative data to prove that the “‘supposed occurrence [of D. phocenoides] at the Cape of Good Hope [is] almost certainly erroneous; so that as yet there is no evidence of its presence in African waters.”’ It appears now, however, that the animal does occur off the coast of South Africa, as reported by Gibson-Hill (1950, 108 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Sarawak Mus. Journ., 5: 294). In view of the equivocal arguments for rejecting the Cape of Good Hope as type locality and the strong evidence in favor of accepting it, I retain Cuvier’s original designation of the type and type locality. Tomilin (1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79:194) includes Korea and adds the peripheral Malacca and Persian Gulf to the range of the genus. He mentions that the species may be a possible visitor in the Sea of Japan and southern parts of the Kuriles. Family MONODONTIDAE Genus DELPHINAPTERUS Lacépéde Delphinapterus Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. xli, 243 [included species: Delphinapterus beluga Lacépéde (=Delphinus leucas Pallas), Delphinapterus senedetta Lacépéde].—Sonnini (Lacépéde), 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. 39, 347 [included species: D. beluga (type, i.e., ““premiére espéce” = Delphinus leucas Pallas, 1776), D. senedetta Lacépéde (unidentifiable, possibly mythical) ].—Flower, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 505 [characters]—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 33 [history; relationship]—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 250, 285, 291 [characters; classification]—Kleinenberg, Yablokov, Belkovich, Tarasevich, 1964, Academy Press, ‘‘Nauka,’? Moscow, 466 pp., illustrated [exhaustive monographic treatment]. Beluga Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la Nature, p. 60 [new name for Delphinapterus Lacépéde].—Gray, 1828, Spicilegia zoologica, 1: 2 [sub- genus of Delphinus; type species: D. leucas Pallas, by monotypy; name preoccupied by Beluga Gmelin, 1774, a genus of fish]. Delphinaptera Bowdich, 1821, Anal. Class. Mamm., p. 86 [emendation of Delphinapterus Lacépéde]. Delphinaster Gray, 1821, London Medical Repository, 15: 310 [misprint for Delphinapterus Lacépéde; included species: Delphinus leucaster (sic) (=D. leucas Pallas) |. Delphinopterus Cuvier, 1829, Dict. Sci. Nat., 59: 517 [misprint for Del- phinapterus Lacépéde]. Delphis Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amphibien, p. 34 [type species: Del- phinus leucas Pallas, by monotypy]. Argocetus Gloger, 1842, Hand-und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte 1: xxxiv, 169 [type species: the “‘beluge,”’ by monotypy]. Type species: Delphinapterus beluga Lacépéde (= Delphinus leucas Pallas), designation by Sonnini in Lacépéde (1804, Hist. Nat. cétacées, p. 39). DisTRiBUTION: Arctic seas of North America and Eurasia from 81° N. southward to Japan and Alaska in the Pacific, to the British Isles and Bay of Biscay, France, in the eastern Atlantic, Massachusetts in the western Atlantic. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 109 Delphinapterus leucas Pallas [?]Physeter Katadon Miller, 1773, Linné Vollst. Nat., 1: 497 [‘‘Der Weissfisch”; name based on the whales stranded on the Orkney Islands recorded by pre-Linnaean authors (cf. Artedi, 1738, Syn. Nom. piscium, p. 106)]. Delphinus leucas Pallas, 1776, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russichen Reichs, 3(1): 85, ftn. Delphinapterus leucas, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., pp. 14-15 [Delphinus (Delphinapterus) kingii Gray a synonym; type skull of young individual, British Museum, no. 364a, “of corresponding age to and closely resembling the last” (a skull from Greenland) ].—Hector, 1885, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 17: 209 [kingzi Gray a synonym; doubt- fully present in South Pacific].—Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 557 [New KXealand; “beluga” of authors=Tursiops truncatus Montagu].—Niort, 1949, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, Paris, 74: 244 [N. Atlantic: France (lower Loire River)].—U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office, 1958, Oceanographic atlas of the polar seas, figs. 115-126 (map) [movements and concentrations].—Fish and Mowbray, 1962, Journ. Marine Res., Yale Univ., 20(2): 149 [sound production].—Tomilin, 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 138, fig. 42 (animal), fig. 43 (skull) [U.S.S.R. (Barents to Bering and Okhotsk and Japan Seas); concentrations; movements; natural history]. B{alaena] albicans Miller, 1776, Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, p. 7. Delphinus albicans, Fabricius, 1780, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 50 [name based on the Icelanders’ “hrafu-reydur’’ or “‘huitingar’? and Green- landers’ “‘killelluak”; N. Atlantic: Greenland (type locality) ]. Phlyseter] macrocephalus albicans, Kerr, 1792, Animal kingdom, p. 361 [the white fish or white whale of authors]. Catodon albicans, Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. xxxix, 218 [characters; classification]. Delphinus albians [sic], Nilsson, 1820, Skandinavisk fauna, 1: 403 [N. Atlantic; characters; name a misprint for albicans Fabricius]. Catodon candicans Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, p. 192, ftn. [in synonymy of Delphinus leucas Pallas; name a lapsus for Catodon albicans Lacépéde (= Balaena albicans Miiller)]. Df{elphinus] Phocaena albus Kerr, 1792, Animal kingdom, p. 363 [N. Atlantic: Canada (type locality: St. Lawrence River); name based on the “‘moine de mer” of Bomare (Dict. Hist. Nat., entry: ‘‘Baleine’’)]. Delphinapterus beluga Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. xli. 243 [type locality: Arctic seas and the North Atlantic Ocean, particularly Davis Strait]—Sonnini (Lacépéde), 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. 39, 347 [characters]. Delphinus leucaster [sic], Gray, 1821, London Medical Repository, 15: 310 [evidently a misprint for D. leucas Pallas]. 110 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Delphinus canadensis Desmarest, 1822, Mammalogie, 2: 516 [N. Atlantic: Canada (type locality: seas of Canada) ].—Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 309 [history of the ‘dauphin blanc du Canada” of Duhamel].—Gervais, in Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéo- graphie des Cétacés, p. 468 [regarded as a synonym of Inia geoffrensis].— True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 146, 148 [treated as a synonym of Delphinapterus leucas but regarded as not certainly identifiable]. Inia canadensis, Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 45, pl. 5, fig. 1 (animal) [classification of Duhamel’s ‘dauphin blanc du Canada’’]. Beluga canadensis, J. A. Allen, 1869, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1(8): 206 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Provincetown, Massachusetts) ]. Delphinus (Delphinapterus?) kingii Gray, 1827, Philos. Mag. or Ann., (2), 2(2): 375 [type, a skull only, “brought to this country [England] and presented to the [British] Museum by Capt. P. P. King, R. N., when he returned from his survey of the coast of New Holland” [Aus- tralia]].—True, 1889, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36: 146, 147 [New Holland locality regarded as erroneous; type skull agrees with Alaskan beluga]. Beluga Kingii, Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebusand Terror, 1(Mammalia): 30, pl. 7 (skull) [characters]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 309 [characters].—Hector, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11: 105 [S. Pacific: part, not skull (=Tursiops truncatus) |. Delphinapterus kingi [sic], Ogilby, 1893, Catalogue of Australian mammals, Australian Mus., Sydney, 16: 73 [listed]. Beluga borealis Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, Cétacés, pp. 440, 192 [new name for Delphinus leucas Pallas; characters; habits; distribution]. Beluga glacialis Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, Cétacés, p. 194, pl. 3, fig. 2 (animal with name in caption) [N. Atlantic: Scot- land (type locality: Firth of Forth) ]. Clatodon| Sibbaldi Fleming, 1828, History of British mammals, p. 29 [N. Atlantic: Great Britian (type locality: Kairston, Orkney Island) ; name based on a gam of belugas recorded by Sibbald (1692, Phala- inologia, p. 24)]. Beluga Catodon Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 29 [N. Atlantic: Greenland (type locality) ; type a skull, British Museum (Natural History) ]. Delphinapterus Catadon, Goode, 1884, Fisheries and fishing industries of U.S., Sect. 1, 1: 18 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Yarmouth River, Massa- chussetts) ]. Beluga rhinodon Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 17: 274, 278 [N. Atlantic: Greenland (type locality: Upernavik); type a CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 111 skeleton, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia]. Beluga declivis Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 17: 274, 278 [N. Atlantic (type locality: probably Greenland); type a skeleton in Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia]. Beluga concreta Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 17: 278 [N. Atlantic (type locality: probably Greenland); type a skeleton in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, presented by Dr. E. K. Kane]. Beluga angustata Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 293 [N. Atlantic: Greenland (type locality: Upernavik); type skeleton ‘deposited by the Smithsonian Institution in the Museum of Columbia College, Washington”’ ]. Delphinapterus freimani Klumov, 1935, Buill. rybnogo khoziaistvo S.S.S.R., Moscow, 7: 26-28, fig. 2 [work not seen; Arctic: U.S.S.R. (type locality: White or Barents Sea) ]. Delphinapterus dorofeevi Barabash and Klumov, 1935, Buill. rybnogo khoziaistvo S.S.S.R., Moscow, 11: 24 [work not seen; N. Pacific: Siberia (type locality: Okhotsk Sea) ]. Dlelphinapterus| l[eucas] dorofeevi, Tomilin, 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 140 [recognized as valid]. Delphinapterus leucas maris-albi Ostroumov, 1935, Fish Industry of the North, “U.S.S:R., no. 11 [Arctic: U:S.S.R. (type locality: Gulf of Onega, White Sea) ]. Type: None preserved, name based on freshly harpooned animals. Type LocALiry: Mouth of Ob River, northeastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. DisTRIBUTION: ‘The same as for the genus. Remarks: The type of Delphinus (Delphinapterus) kingit Gray was pre- sented to the British Museum by Captain King on his return from survey- ing the Australian coast. Nothing in the original description indicates how or where Captain King secured his specimen and there is no mention of a beluga in his account of the voyage (1826, Narrative of a survey of the inter- tropical and western coasts of Australia between the years 1818 and 1822, London). In the appendix to the above work, Gray (2:415) lists all specimens of mammals brought back by Captain King. Only one ceta- cean, “‘Delphinorhynchus Pernettensis?”? (—=Stenella pernettyi), is mentioned. Genus MONODON Linnaeus Monodon Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 75.—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 33 et seq. [history; relationship].—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 250, 286, 291 [characters; classification]. Ceratodon Briimnich, 1772, Zoologiae Fundamenta, p. 48 [substitute name for Monodon Linnaeus].—llliger, 1811, Prodromus systematis 112 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 mammalium . . ., p. 142 [type species: Monodon monoceros Linnaeus by monotypy ]. Diodon Storr, 1780, Prodromus methodi mammalium . . ., p. 42, tab. C [new name for Monodon Linnaeus; name preoccupied by Diodon Lin- naeus, a genus of fish]. Narwalus Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, p. xxxvii [included species: JV. vulgaris (type by tautonomy =Monodon monoceros Linnaeus), NV. microcephalus (—Monodon monoceros Linnaeus), NN. andersonianus (= Monodon monoceros Linnaeus) J. Narwhalus Duméril, 1806, Zool. Analytique, p. 28 [emendation of Narwalus Lacépéde].—Fischer, 1829, Syn. Mamm., p. 516, ftn. Narhvalus Fischer, 1814, Zoognosia, Tab. Syn., p. 662 [misspelling of Narwalus Lacépéde]. Tachynices Brookes, 1828, Cat. Anat. Zool. Mus. Joshua Brookes, London, p. 40 [type species: Tachynices megacephalus Brookes (=Monodon mono- ceros Linn.) ]. TYPE sPECIES: Monodon monoceros Linnaeus by monotypy. DisTRIBUTION: Arctic seas south to the British Isles, the Netherlands, and Labrador in the Atlantic and to the Bering Sea in the Pacific. Monodon monoceros Linnaeus Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 75.—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., p. 202, fig. 23 (auditory apparatus) [char- acters]— Van Deinse, 1931, De fossiele en recente Cetacea van Neder- land, p. 187 [N. Atlantic: Netherlands]—Guest, Buckley and Man- ville, 1960, Journ. Mammal., 41: 250, pl. 1 (animal) [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Kiwalick Bay, Alaska, 66° N., 162° W.; other Alaskan records compiled) ]—Tomilin, 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 144, fig. 44 (animal), fig. 45 (skull) [characters; distribution; habits]. Monodon Narhval [sic], Borowski, 1781, Gemeinntizzige Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, 2: 8 [emendation of narwhal Blumenbach]. Monodon Narwhal Blumenbach, 1788, Handb. Naturg., ed. 3, 1: 144; Atlas, pl. 44 [mew name for Monodon monoceros Linnaeus (see also Blumenbach, earlier editions, op. cit.) ]. Narwalus vulgaris Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. xxxvii, 142, pl. 4, fig. 3 (animal) [new name for Monodon monoceros Linnaeus]. Narwalus microcephalus Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. xxxvill, 159, pl. 5, fig. 2 (animal) [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (type locality: near Boston, Massachusetts, where the species is not known to occur; Greenland (Davis Strait); name based on a drawing after life, made in February 1800 by M. W. Brand]. Narwalus Andersonianus Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. xxxviii, CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES is 163, pl. 7, fig. 1 (skull) [type locality unknown; name based on tusks seen by Anderson in Hamburg]. Ceratodon monodon Pallas, 1811, Zoogeogr. Rosso-Asiatica, p. 295 [new name for Monodon monoceros Linnaeus]. Tachynices megacephalus Brookes, 1828, Cat. Anat. Zool. Mus. Joshua Brookes, London, p. 40 [new name for Monodon monoceros]. Type: None in existence; name based on the narwhal of whalers and authors. Type Loca.ity: Northern seas of Europe and America. DisTRIBUTION: The same as for the genus. Family PHYSETERIDAE Genus KOGIA Gray Kogia Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 22.—Gill, 1871, American Nat., 4: 729 [characters; comparisons].—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 33 et seq. [history; relationship]. Euphysetes Wall, 1851, Mem. Australian Mus., 1: 46 (reprint) [type species: Euphysetes Grayit (= Physeter breviceps Blainville), by monotypy]. Callignathus Gill, 1871, American Nat., 4: 737 [type species: Physeter simus Owen, by original designation; name preoccupied by Callignathus Agassiz, 1846, a genus of insects]. Cogia Wallace, 1876, Geographical distribution of animals, 2: 208 [emendation of Kogia Gray; name preoccupied by Cogza Butler, 1870, a genus of Lepidoptera]. ““Cogia’”’ [sic] Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 259 [characters; classification]. Callignathula Strand, 1926, Arch. Naturg., 92(A8): 61 [substitute name for Callignathus Gill, preoccupied]. Gallignathus Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Siberia, 9(Cetacea): 418 [misprint for Callignathus Gill, in the combi- nation Gallignathus simus Gill]. Type species: Kogia breviceps (=Physeter breviceps Blainville), by monotypy. DisTRIBUTION: In eastern Atlantic: coasts of the Netherlands, France, and South Africa; in western Atlantic: from Nova Scotia to Florida and Texas; in eastern Pacific: from Washington to Mazatlan, Mexico, and recorded from southern Peru; in western Pacific: Japanese waters, East and South China Seas, Australia, and New Zealand; in central Pacific: Hawaii; in Indian Ocean: from Australia to South Africa. Kogia breviceps Blainville Physeter breviceps Blainville, 1838, Ann. frangaises étrangéres Anat. Phys., 22397, pls 10. (skull): 114 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Kogia breviceps, Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 22.—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 188 [characters; taxonomy].—Murphy, 1925, Bird islands of Peru, p. 255 [S. Pacific: Peru (Bahia de Independencia, Ica)].—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 180 [characters; history; relationship].— Iredale and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6: 59 [S. Pacific: Australia; Indian: Australia].—Slijper, 1937, Die Cetaceen, Vergleichend-anatomisch und systematisch (in text) [comparative anatomy; embryology; systematics; phylogeny].—Hirasaka, 1937, Mem. Fac. Sci. Agric. Taihoku Imp. Univ., 14(5, Zool. 5): 117 [work not seen; S. Pacific: Peru (Independencia, Ica, 14° S.)].— Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 267, fig. 68 (animal) [characters: habits; distribution].—Van Deinse, 1931, De fossiele en recente Cetacea van Nederland, p. 187 [N. At- lantic: Netherlands].—Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 69, pl. 11 (animal) [characters; distribution] —G. M. Allen, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 27: 17, fig. 1 (foetus), fig. 2 (dorsal fin), fig. 3 (pectoral limb), fig. 4 (sternum) [characters; taxonomy; food; reproduction; distribution (including Murphy specimen): from Inde- pendencia Bay, Peru].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 16 et seq., pl. 16 (skull) [auditory system].— Dell, 1960, Rec. Dominion Mus., Wellington, 3(3): 229 [distributional records compiled].—Harrison, 1960, Malayan Nat. Journ., 14: 87 [N. Pacific: Sarawak].—Hale, 1962, Rec. S. Australian Mus., 14(2): 197, figs. 1-7 (fins, pectoral limbs), figs. 8-10 (heads), figs. 11-12 (dorsal fins), pls. 1, 2 (skull), pl. 3 (tongue bones), pl. 4 (sternum). Clogia] breviceps, Benham, 1901, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1901: 278, pl. 25 (larynx) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Otago)]. Kogia brevirostris [sic], Gray, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 529 (lapsus for breviceps Blainville]. Euphysetes Grayit Wall, 1851, Mem. Australian Mus., 1: 37 (reprint), pl. 2 (skeleton) [S. Pacific: Australia (type locality: Maroubra Beach, New South Wales); type skeleton in the Australian Museum, Sydney; osteology].—Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 218 [original description quoted]. Kogia Grayi, Gill, 1871, American Nat., 4: 738 [classification]. [Kogia] Greyi [sic], Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1057 [listed]. Euphysetes macleayi Krefft, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 708, 713, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (snout), figs. 3-5 (skull), fig. 6 (skeleton) [S. Pacific: Australia (type locality: Manly Beach, New South Wales); type a skeleton in Australian Museum, Sydney]. Kogia Macleayi, Gill, 1871, American Nat., 4: 738 [classification]. Physeter (Euphysetes) simus Owen, 1866, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 6(1): 30, pl. 10 (animal 9), pl. 11 (animal <’, skeleton), pls. 12-14 (skull) CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 115 {Indian: India (type locality: Waltair, Madras) ; description: based on the cited figures and skull of young ?, Brit. Mus., no. 1474c—73.6.25.2, presented by Sir Walter Elliot]. Callignathus simus, Gill, 1871, American Nat., 4: 740, figs. 168-170 (skull) [characters]. Kogia simus, Yamata, 1954, Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., 9: 37, figs. 3, 11 (animal), fig. 5 (head), figs. 8-10 (vertebrae), fig. 12 (sternum), pl. (skull) [N. Pacific: Taiji, southeast of Osaka, southeastern Japan; regarded as distinct from breviceps]. Kogia Flowert Gill, 1871, American Nat., 4: 738, fig. 162 (left mandible) [N. Pacific: Mexico (type locality: near Mazatlan, Sinaloa); type, a lower jaw and portrait of the entire animal in the U.S. National Museum]. Kogia floweri, Poole and Schantz, 1942, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 173: 114 [type history]. Euphysetes pottsi Haast, 1874, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 6(1873): 97, pl. 15 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (type locality: Governor Bay, near Ohinitahi); type skin and skeleton in Canterbury Museum, New Zealand]. Euphisetes [sic] pottst, Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9(Cetacea): 418 [listed in synonymy of Aogia breviceps]. Kogia goodei True, 1884, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 27: 630 (table), 641 (list) [nomen nudum].—Poole and Schantz, 1942, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 178: 114 [history of “‘type specimen’’]. Type: Skull only, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; col- lected by M. Verreaux. TYPE LOCALITY: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. DistrRiBuTION: The same as for the genus. Genus PHYSETER Linnaeus Physeter Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 76 [included species: catodon, macrocephalus (=catodon), microps (=catodon), tursio (=catodon) |.— Palmer, 1904, Index Gen. Mamm., North Amer. Fauna, 23: 536 [type: Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus].—Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911(2): 157 [type species: Physeter catodon Linnaeus, macrocephalus Linnaeus a junior synonym].—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 33 et seq., 176 [characters; history; relationship].— Boschma, 1938, Temminckia, 3: 151 [characters; teeth; taxonomic and pre-Linnaean history; distribution; strandings; whaling; P. macro- cephalus Linnaeus regarded as type species].—Winge, 1942, Interrelat. Mamm. Gen., 3: 260, 286 [characters; classification]. 116 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Catodon Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Suecia, ed. 2, p. 18 [type species: Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus (=Physeter catodon Linnaeus), by virtual tautonomy]. Phiseter Bonnaterre, 1789, Tabl. Encycl. Math., Cétologie, p. 12 [emenda- tion of Physeter Linnaeus]. Physalus Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, pp. xi, 219 [type species: Physalus cylindricus Bonnaterre, by monotypy]. Physeterus Duméril, 1806, Zool. Analytique, p. 28 [type: “les physeteres”’]. Tursio Fleming, 1822, Philosophy of zoology, 2: 211 [included species: T. vulgaris (type, by virtual tautonomy=Physeter tursio Linnaeus), microps (—=Physeter microps Linnaeus); the included species are the mythical “‘high-finned cachalots’” regarded as synonyms of Physeter catodon Linnaeus (cf. Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 2: 157)]. Megistosaurus Anonymous, in Harlan, 1828, American Journ. Sci. Arts, 14: 186 [type species: “‘large bones disenterred at the mouth of the Mississippi River, and exhibited in the city of Baltimore, January 22 [1828] . . . and it has been proposed to construct upon them a new fossil genus to be designated ‘Megistosaurus’ ”’; bones identified as those of Physeter macrocephalus (Physeter catodon Linnaeus) ]. Cetus Billberg, 1828, Synopsis faunz scandinavize, p. 39 [type species: C. cylindricus Lacépéde (= Physeter catodon) by monotypy]. Meganeuron Gray, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 439 [subgenus of Catodon; type species: Catodon (Meganeuron) Kreffti Gray (=Physeter catodon Linnaeus)]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 387 [genus; characters]. TypE species: Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus (=P. catodon Linnaeus), by subsequent selection (Palmer, 1904, North American Fauna, 23: 536), but for treating macrocephalus as a junior synonym of catodon, see Remarks below (p. 121). DisTRIBUTION: All seas from Arctic to Antarctic Oceans. Physeter catodon Linnaeus [Physeter] Catodon Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 76.—Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911: 157 [type history]. Physeter catodon, Harmer, 1928, Proc. Linnaean Soc. London, 140: 62, 88 [Atlantic; Pacific: Ecuador, Chile; Antarctic; history of whaling].— Carcelles, 1932, Physis, 11: 61, 79, fig. 5 (processing of cadaver) [S. Atlantic: Falklands; South Georgia; South Orkneys].—Raven and Gregory, 1933, American Mus. Novit., 677: 1, fig. 1 (animal), fig. 3 (skull), fig. 4 (head in cross section), fig. 5 (nasal region dissection), fig. 6 (head section), fig. 7 (rostrum in longitudinal section) [nasal passages, spermaceti organ].—Townsend, 1935, Zoologica, 19: 7, pl. 2 (distribution map based on log book records from 1761-1920) [seasonal distribution in all seas; recorded from all latitudes of South CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES Lay American waters].—Mathews, 1938, Discovery Rep., 17: 95, pls. 1-7 (animal), pl. 8 (flensing and spermaceti drawing), pl. 9, fig. 1, 2 (fetus), fig. 3 (mouth), pl. 10 (jaws, cephalopod sucker scars; cysts), pl. 11 (testes, ovaries) [S. Atlantic: South Georgia; South Africa; characters; food; parasites; reproduction; growth; migrations; whaling|].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 257, fig. 67 (animal) [characters; habits; distribution].—Kellogg, 1940, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 77(1): 40, pl. 1 (animal), fig. p. 58 (flensing), fig. p. 63 (stranded animal) [characters; habits; distribution].—Gibson-Hill, 1950, Bull. Raffles Mus., Singapore, 22: 78 [Indian: Cocos-Keeling Islands].—Hamilton, 1952, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat., Montevideo, 4(66): 2, 3 [S. Atlantic: Falklands].—Budker, 1959, Whales and whaling, p. 40, pl. 3c (animal), pl. 17 (animal harpooned) [characters; habits; maximum length 60 feet (not 90 feet as recorded in Norwegian Whaling Gazette, 1948)].—Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 42 et seq. [auditory system].— Clarke, 1962, Norsk Hvalf.-Tid., 51: 274, 277 [S. Pacific: Chile; Ecuador (coast to Galapagos); seasonal and sexual trends; sexual and interspecific segregation; concentrations]|—Tomilin, 1962, Cetacea of the U.S.S.R., Fauna U.S.S.R., 79: 98, fig. 25 (animal), fig. 25 (skull) [distribution; concentrations; movements; migrations; natural history; economics].—Lévéque, 1963, Mammalia, 27(4): 608, pl. 15, fig. 2 (animal) [S. Pacific: Ecuador (Galapagos)].—Clarke, 1964, Norsk Hyalf Vids, 53(11): 297 |S. Pacifics.Chile. (laleahuano; 36°45’ S., T3°I2OW ,. Tquigque; 20°17" 'S., 70°09" W.); Peru’ (Pisco, 13°47’ S., 76°15’ W.; Paita, 05°05’ S., 81°10’ W.); sexual maturity, breeding]. Physeter catodon catodon, Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9(Cetacea): 416 [northern race recognized]. [Physeter] Macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 76 [N. Atlantic (type locality: “Oceano Europeao’’); name based primarily on a description of the sperm whale in Fauna Suecia, no. 262].— Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911: 157 [type history; type locality: restricted to Norwegian seas; a synonym of P. catodon]. Catodon macrocephalus, Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, p. xxxix, 165, pl. 10 (animal), pl. 11 (skull), pl. 12 (rib, vertebrae) [characters; whaling; habits; ambergris]—Bennett, 1840, Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe, p. 143, fig. (animal) [anatomy; habits; whaling; commerce]. Physeter macrocephalus, Beale, 1839, Natural History of the sperm whale (in text) [S. Pacific: Peru (Paita, Piura), Galapagos, Chile; life history; anatomy; physiology; whaling; utilization]|——Gay, 1847, Hist. Chile, Zool., 1: 177 [S. Pacific: Chile]—Van Bénéden, 1888, Mem. Cour. Aut. Mem. Acad. Roy. Belgique, 41: 11 (separate) [history ; characters; habits; whaling; distribution; specimens; parasites].—Blanford, 1891, 118 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Fauna of British India, p. 571, fig. 185 (animal) [Indian: India (Madras) ].—Lahille, 1898, Primera reunién del Congreso Latino- americano, 3: 199 [S. Pacific: Argentina (Buenos Aires) ].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 192 [characters; habits; ambergris].—Racovi- tza, 1903, Expédition Antarctique Belgique, Cetacea, p. 57 [South Temperate Zone and drift ice; believed to be absent from pack ice].— Lahille, 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool., Buenos Aires, 1905: 66 [characters].— Castillo, 1906, Caza de ballena en la isla Santa Maria, Min. Industria, Santiago de Chile, p. 4 [S. Pacific: Chile (Isla Santa Marfa, Arauca) ; whaling].—MboOrch, 1911, Proc, Zool. Soc. London, 1911: 661 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Patagonia); Falklands; South Georgia; South Shetlands; habits; movements].—Salvesen, 1914, Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, Zool., 4(19): 482 [S. Atlantic: Falklands; whaling industry].—Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 565 [distribution].—Slijper, 1938, Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belgique, 14(10): 8 [Antarctic; N. Atlantic: Panama; characters].—Boschma, 1938, Temminckia, 3: 151, fig. 1 (palatal pits), figs. 2-5 (figures of sperm whales ex authors), fig. 6 (lower jaw), figs. 7—9 (maxillary teeth), figs. 10-13 (mandibular teeth), figs. 14, 15 (dental position and occlu- sion) [N. Atlantic: Netherlands; characters; weights; osteology; odontology; distribution; taxonomic history; nomenclature; catodon regarded as unidentifiable]|—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos sudamericanos, p. 304, pl. 75 (animal) [S. Atlantic: Brazil, Falklands; S. Pacific: Chile, Peru, Galapagos].—Sapin-Jaloustre, 1953, Mam- malia, 17: 238, figs. 7, 8 (animal) [characters; habits]—Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 99 [S. Pacific: Chile; key characters]. Physeter] macrocephalus, Schneider, 1946, Bol. Soc. Biol. Concepcién (Chile), 21: 81 [S. Pacific: Chile (Concepcién); very common].— Yafiez, 1948, Rev. Biol. Marina, Valparaiso, 1: 118 [S. Pacific: Chile (entire coast) ; characters]. [Physeter] Microps Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1; 76 [N. Atlantic (type locality: ‘‘Oceano Septentrionali’’?); name based on a sperm whale described by Artedi (1738, Synonymia nominum piscium, p. 104)].—Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911: 157 [type history; a synonym of P. catodon Linnaeus]. [Physeter] tursio Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1: 77 [N. Atlantic (type locality: “Oceano Septentrionali’’); name based on a sperm whale described by Artedi (1738, Synonymia nominum piscium, p. 104)]—Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911: 157 [type history; a synonym of P. catodon Linnaeus]. Physeter Novae Angliae Borowski, 1780, Gemeinniizzige Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, 2: 32 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (type locality: New England); name based on the “‘cachalot de la Nouvelle Angleterre”’ of Brisson (1756, Reg. Anim., p. 360)]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 119 Physeter Andersonit Borowski, 1780, Gemeintizzige Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, 2: 33 [N. Atlantic (type locality: Iceland and Green- land); name based on the ‘“‘cachalot 4 dents pointues’”’ of Brisson (1756, Reg. Anim., p. 362)]. P{hiseter (sic)] trumpo Bonnaterre, 1789, Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Cétologie, p. 14, pl. 8, fig. 1 (animal) [N. Atlantic: France (type locality: Bay- onne); description based on several specimens reported in literature but primarily on the individuals stranded at Bayonne, France]. P{hiseter (sic)] cylindricus Bonnaterre, 1789, Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Céto- logie, p. 16, pl. 7, fig. 1 (animal) [N. Atlantic: Greenland (type locality); name based on the accounts by Anderson (1747, Hist. Groenland, p. 148, fig.)]. Physalus cylindricus, Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, p. 219, pl. 9, fig. 3 (animal) [characters]. Cetus cylindricus, Billberg, 1828, Synopsis faunze scandinavie, p. 39 [characters]. Pihiseter (sic)] mular Bonnaterre, 1789, Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Cétologie, p. 17, pl. 8, fig. 5 (tooth) [N. Atlantic: Greenland (type locality) ; name based on the accounts by Anderson (1747, Hist. Groenland, 2: 118)]. Ph{yseter] macrocephalus niger Kerr, 1792, Animal kingdom, p. 360 [type: black sperm whale with two dorsal fins]. Ph{yseter] macrocephalus cinereus Kerr, 1792, Animal kingdom, p. 361 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (type locality: New England); based on the “‘cacha- lot de la Nouvelle Angleterre” of Brisson (1756, Reg. Anim., p. 360)]. Ph{yseter] micrlops] rectidentatus Kerr, 1792, Animal kingdom, p. 362 [name based on the straight-toothed sperm whale or “‘cachalot a dents pointues” of Brisson (1756, Reg. Anim., p. 362)]. Phlyseter] micrlops] falcidentatus Kerr, 1792, Animal kingdom, p. 361 [name based on the ‘“‘cachalot 4 dents en faucilles’” of Brisson (1756, Reg. Anim., p. 363)]. Physeter maximus G. Cuvier, 1798, Tabl. Elém. Hist. Nat., p. 176 [N. Atlantic: France (near Andierne, Basse Bretagne); name based on the “grand cachalot” of Bonnaterre (1798, Tabl. Méth. Cétologie, p. 12, pl. 7, fig. 2); type, one of 31 sperm whales stranded near Andierne]. Physeter gibbosus Schreber, 1802, Sdugthiere, pl. 338 (animal) [no text; figure of type ex ‘Roberts, Philos. Trans. LX, p. 321, tab. 9’’]. Catodon svineval Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. xxxix, 216 [part, description only, not pl. 9, fig. 2 (=skull of Globicephala); N. Atlantic: Norway (type locality)]. Physeter orthodon Lacépéde, 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. xli, 236 [N. Atlantic: Greenland (type locality); name based on the Arctic sperm whale described by Anderson, 1747, Hist. Groenland].—Sonnini (Lacépéde), 1804, Hist. Nat. Cétacées, pp. 38, 339 [characters]. 120 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Physeterus {sic] sulcatus Lacépéde, 1818, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 4: 474 [N. Pacific: Japan (type locality); name based on a Japanese drawing of a sperm whale]. Physeter australasianus Desmoulins, 1822, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat., 2: 618 [Indian (type localities: Moluccas and New Zealand); name based on the “‘cachalot” described by Capt. Benjamin Hammat and figured in Quoy and Gaimard (1824 zn Freycinet, Voyage autour du monde. .., Zool., Atlas, pl. 12)]. Tursio vulgaris Fleming, 1822, Philos. Zool., 2: 211 [mew name for Physeter tursio Linnaeus]. Physeter polycephus Quoy and Gaimard, 1824, in Freycinet, Voyage autour du monde . . . Zool., p. 77; Atlas, pl. 12 (animal) [name based on animal observed at sea]. Catodon polycyphus [sic], Lesson, 1827, Manuel Mammal., p. 422 [classi- fication]. Physeter polycystus |sic], Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 204 [‘‘this is probably the whale Mr. Couch in his former list referred to Physeter polycystus’? ; Couch work not located; cf. Couch, 1857, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 20: 424-439, where reference is made (p. 433) to the “‘polyhistor of Solimis and Sibbald’’]. Catodon polyscyphus [sic], Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 210 [lapsus for polycyphus Lesson]. Delphinus Bayeri Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Europe Mérid., 3: 22 [N. At- lantic: France (type locality: Nice, Mediterranean); type a stranded specimen].—Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, p. 247 [N. Atlantic: France (Nice) ]. Catodon Colneti Gray, 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 52 [N. Atlantic: Mexico (type locality: Point Angles); name based on the sperm whale of Colnet (1792, Voyage to the South Atlantic, p. 80, fig. 9)]. P{hyseter] australis Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 22 (in text) [lapsus for Physeter australasianus Desmoulins]. Catodon australis, Wall, 1851, Mem. Australian Mus., 1: 1 (reprint), pl. 1 (skeleton) [S. Pacific: Australia (Port Jackson Bay, New South Wales); osteology; referred to Gray’s misnomer of Physeter australasianus Desmoulins (cf. pp. 3, 35)].—Gray, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 439 [S. Pacific: Australia (Hobart Town) ; skeleton in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons]. Physeter catodon australis, ‘Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9(Cetacea): 416 [southern race recognized; name attributed to ““Mac-Leay, 18517]. Catodon (Meganeuron) Krefftii Gray, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 440, figs. 1-4 (vertebrae) [S. Pacific: Australia (type locality: New South Wales); name based on photographs of cervical vertebrae sub- CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 121 mitted by Mr. Gerrard Krefft of the Australian Museum]; 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 59 [atlas 13 inches wide]. [Physeter] Krefftii, Boschma, 1938, Temminckia, 3: 166 (in text) [regarded as a synonym of Kogia breviceps). Physeter australis asiaticus Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 210 [lapsus for Physeter australasianus Desmoulins, 1822]. [Physeter] pterodon, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1056 [listed in synonymy of ?macrocephalus, attributed to ‘“‘Lesson, Descr. Mamm., pa lon’ |. Sperm whale, Ohsumi, 1965, Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., 19:1 [N. Pacific: Japan; reproduction (mating, sex ratios, ovulation, develop- ment, genitalia, parturition, lactation, periodicity) ]. Type: None in existence; the catodon of Linnaeus as defined in the original description (1758, Syst. Nat., 10: 76). Whales of Sibbald, Ray, and Artedi cited by Linnaeus and authors may or may not (and need not) conform to the Linnaean concept of catodon. TypPE LOCALITY: “Oceano septentrionali,” restricted to Kairston, Orkney Islands, Scotland, by Thomas (1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, A901 157); DisTRIBUTION: Polar, temperate, and tropical seas. REMARKS: Boschma (1938, Temminckia, 3: 161 ff.) argues that Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758, is unidentifiable and should be replaced by P. macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758. The latter, he affirms, had already been ‘chosen as the valid name of the sperm whale” in 1866 by Murray (The geographical distribution of mammals, London, p. 340); therefore, ac- cording to Boschma, designation of catodon as the prior name for the type species of Physeter by Thomas, in 1911 (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911(2): 157) is not valid. Boschma’s rejection of P. catodon as a sperm whale, though he recognizes it as a synonym of macrocephalus (1938, op. cit., p. 168), derives from descriptions by authors cited by Linnaeus. The Lin- naean Physeter catodon, however, is not based on pre-1758 accounts of other authors. Linnaeus himself characterizes the genus Physeter as ““Dentes in maxilla inferiore. Fistula in capite s. fronte.”’ The four species included in Physeter are catodon (““dorso impenni, fistula in rostro’’), macrocephalus (‘‘dorso impenni, fistula in cervice’’), mécrops, and tursto. The generic and specific diagnoses of P. catodon as well as the etymology of its name (Greek for teeth in lower jaw only) are certainly those of the sperm whale. Use by Linnaeus of bibliographic references to prior and equivocal descriptions of supposed sperm whales does not effect one tittle of the zoological status of his own P. catodon and the validity and availability of its scientific name. As for the remaining species of Physeter, the cervical position of the blow- hole in macrocephalus and the high dorsal fin attributed to microps and tursio are characters that would exclude them from the genus as understood today; nevertheless, authors have generally regarded these forms as inaccu- 760-433— 659 122 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 rately or fancifully described sperm whales. As such, they are treated as conspecific. With regard to the name of the type species of Physeter, the selection of catodon by Thomas as the first or earliest name for the sperm whale is strictly in accordance with the First Reviser Principle (cf. Code of Nomen- clature, Article 24(a)(i)) and must stand. On the other hand, Murray’s arrangement of catodon as a junior synonym of macrocephalus is merely part of an uncritical classification of mammals included in the appendix to his book on zoogeography. Murray compiled names without dates, biblio- graphic references, or regard for priority. Nowhere does he make “‘it clear that he believes [the synonyms] to represent the same taxonomic unit” (Art. 24) or even address himself to a taxonomic or nomenclatorial problem. Family HYPEROODONTIDAE Genus TASMACETUS Oliver Tasmacetus Oliver, 1937, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 107: 371. TYPE sPECIES: Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver, by original designation. DisTRIBUTION: New Zealand waters. Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver, 1937, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 107: 371, pls. 1-5 (animal).—McCann, 1964, Tuatara, 12(2): 124 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Ohawe, Wanganui; Mason Bay, Stewart Island; New Brighton Beach, Christchurch; Summer Spit, Christchurch) ]. Type: Nearly complete skeleton of a stranded whale, Wonganui Museum, New Zealand; collected December 1933 by G. Shepherd. TYPE LOCALITY: Beach at Ohawe, Taranaki, west coast of North Island, New Zealand. DisTRiBuTION: The same as for the genus. Genus BERARDIUS Duvernoy Berardius Duvernoy, 1851, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, (3), Zool. 15: 52, 68.— Flower, 1874, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 8: 212 [characters; taxon- omy].—True, 1910, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 73: 60 [characters].— Harmer, 1924, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1924: 545 [characters].— Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 39, 41, fig. 26 (table) [auditory system; classification]. Berardus Gray, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863: 200 [emendation of Berardius Duvernoy]. Paikea Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 574 [included species: Berardius hectori (=B. arnuxi Duvernoy), type by original designation; Mesoplodon mirus True]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 123 Type species: Berardius arnuxi Duvernoy, by original designation. DistRBuTION: In the North Pacific (Berardius bairdi Stejneger): from the Bering Sea to California on the east and the Japanese Sea on the west; in the Indian, South Atlantic, and Pacific (B. arnuxi Duvernoy): from 33° S. to the Antarctic Ocean. Berardius [bairdi] arnuxi Duvernoy Berardius Arnuxtt Duvernoy, 1851, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, (3), Zool., 15: 52, 68, pl. 1 (skull) —Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus. p. 348, fig. (skull) [characters]—Hector, 1870, Trans. New Zealand Inst., (1869), 2: 27 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (near Porirua Harbour, west coast); characters].—Hector, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11: 106 [S. Pacific: New Zealand].—Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 12 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Chatham Island)].—McCann, 1964, Tuatara, 12(2): 124 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (records com- piled)]. Blerardius] arnuxti, True, 1910, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 73: 60, 68 [compari- sons; measurements].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 273 [S. Pacific: New Zealand; S. Atlantic: Falklands, South Georgia, South Shetlands; characters]. Berardius arnuxii, Hamilton, 1952, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Monte- video, 4(66): 2, 3 [S. Atlantic: Falklands]. [Berardius] arnuxi, Davies, 1963, Evolution, 17: 110 [probably a sub- species of bazrdi]. Berardius arnouxi, Flower, 1874, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 8: 12, pls. 27-29 (skeleton) [osteology; taxonomy].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 228 [characters].—Marelli, 1920, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., Buenos Aires, 30: 411, pls. 1-5 (skeleton) [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Arroyo del Pescado, Buenos Aires); osteology].—Hale, 1939, S. Australian Nat., 19(4): 5 [Indian: South Australia]—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamiferos sudamericanos, p. 303 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Rio de La Plata); characters]—Taylor, 1957, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 129: 325 [S. Atlantic: Graham Land; in small sea-ice pools].— Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 101 [S. Pacific: Chile; key characters].—Hale, 1962, Rec. Australian Mus., 14(2): 231, fig. 1 (caudal fin), pl. 5 (skull, mandible, vertebral scapula) [Indian: Aus- tralia (St. Vincent Gulf); osteology; external characters]—McCann, 1962, Rec. Dominion Mus., 4(9): 85, pls. 1, 2 (skull), pl. 3 (mandible and teeth), pl. 4 (antorbital notch and tubercle), pl. 5 (skull) [charac- ters; comparisons; distribution; taxonomic history; Berardius hectori Gray a synonym]. Berardius sp., Marelli, 1918, Physis, 4: 339 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Arroyo del Pescado, 5 leagues south of La Plata, Buenos Aires) ]. Berardius Hectori Gray, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) 8: 117 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (type locality: Titai Bay, Cook Strait); name based on 124 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 the “smaller ziphid whale’? described by Knox and Hector, 1871, Trans. New Zealand Inst., (1870), 3: 125, pls. 13-15, and two skulls submitted by Hector and Knox; holotype cast ashore January 1866 and presumably preserved by H. Arthur; skull now in British Museum (Natural History), no. 1677b—76.2.16.3]; 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11: 111 [comments].—Hector, 1875, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 7: 362 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Lyall Bay); characters of complete specimen]. Mesoplodon hectori, Flower, 1878, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 10: 416, 418, pl. 71, fig. 4 (skull), pl. 72, fig. 4 (skull) [taxonomy; osteology; distribution; M. knoxi Hector a synonym].—Forbes, 1893, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893: 227 [taxonomy].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 281 [S. Pacific: New Zealand]; 1950, Proc. Linnaean Soc. London, 162(1): 50, pls. 3, 4 (skull) [S. Atlantic: Falkland Islands]—Hamilton, 1952, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 4(66): 3 [S. Atlantic: Falkland Islands]—McCann, 1962, Rec. Dominion Mus. 4(9): 83 [taxonomic history; characters; regarded as a synonym of arnuxt Duvernoy]. Mesoplodon hectori, Flower, 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 12 [type skull, young, Brit. Mus., no. 1677b-76.2.16.3; received in exchange from Colonial Museum, Wellington; Mesoplodon knoxi Hector a synonym]. Paikea hectori, Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 575 [charac- ters; taxonomic history]. Mesoplodon knoxi Hector, 1873, Trans. New Zealand Inst. (1872), 5: 168, pl. 6, figs. 4a-b (ear bones) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (type locality: Titai Bay, near Porirua); type, skull and other skeletal parts in Colonial Museum, Wellington, collected by Dr. Knox]. Smaller ziphid whale, Knox and Hector, 1871, Trans. New Zealand Inst., (1870), 3: 125, pl. 13 (animal, vertebra, scapula, tooth, palate), pl. 14 (teeth, lower jaw), pl. 15 (skull) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Porirua Harbour, January 1862; Titai Bay, 1866, captured by H. Arthur; Worser Bay, 1870)]. Type: Skull only, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; collected by M. Arnoux, surgeon of the corvette Rhin under the command of Captain Bérard; and remitted to the museum October 20, 1846. Type LocALity: Akaroa, near Banks Island, New Zealand. DisTRIBUTION: South Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans from about 33° S. to Antarctic pack ice. Berardius [bairdi] bairdi Stejneger Berardius bairdii Stejneger, 1883, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6: 75. Berardius bairdi, Omura, Fujino and Kimura, 1955, Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., Tokyo, 10: 89, pls 1-4 (animal), pls. 5, 6 (teeth), pls. 7-9 CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 125 (skull) [N. Pacific: Japan (north, east, west coasts); characters; life history; whaling; Hyperoodon rostratus of Japanese authors regarded as misidentification of Berardius bairdi|—Brownell, 1964, Norsk Hvalf.-Tid., 53(3): 60 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (California, 36°10’ N., 123510" W.)1- Berardius vegae Malm, 1883, Bihang Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., 8(4): 109 [N. Pacific: U.S.S.R. (type locality: Komandorskye Islands, Bering Sea) ]. [Berardius| vegaae [sic], Trouessart, 1904, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 779 [misspelling of vegae Malm, in synonymy of B. bairdi]. Berardius vegana [sic], Bourdelle and Grassé, 1955, Traité de Zool., 17: 429 [misspelling of vegae Malm]. Type: Skull, U.S. National Museum, no. 20992; collected autumn 1882 by L. Stejneger. TYPE LOCALITY: Stare Gavan, eastern shore of Bering Island, Bering Sea, North Pacific. DisTripuTION: North Pacific from Bering Sea to south of Monterey Bay, California, in the east, to Japan in the west. Genus MESOPLODON Gervais Aodon Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, 1(Cétacés): 155, 440, pl. 3, fig. 1 (animal with caption) [type species: Aodon Dalei Lesson (=Physeter bidens Sowerby), by monotypy; generic name pre- occupied by Aodon Lacépéde, 1789, a genus of fish]. Nodus Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amphibien, p. 34 [new name for Aodon Lesson, preoccupied; type species: “Delphinus edentulus Schreb., Cuv. Mammif. Liv. 53. (Heterodon Dalei Less. Man. de Mammal. p. 419. Id. Aodon Dalei Oeuv. de Buff. p. 155. t. 3. f. 1)” (=Physeter bidens Sowerby) |.—Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 555 [history; synonymy ].—Sheffer and Rice, 1963, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep., Fisheries, 431: 1 [regarded as a nomen oblitum on the basis of a sui generis interpretation of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature]. Micropterus Wagner, 1846, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, 7: 281, 352 [subgenus of Delphinus; type species: D. micropterus Cuvier (=Physeter bidens Sowerby) by tautonomy and monotypy; generic name preoccupied by Micropterus Lacépéde, 1802, a genus of fish]. Mucropteron Eschricht, 1849, Konigl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift., Copenhagen, (5), 1: 97 [type species: Delphinus micropterus (—Physeter bidens Sowerby), by tautonomy]. Dioplodon Gervais, 1850, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, (3), 14: 16 (lines 19-20) [type species: Delphinus densirostris Blainville, by original designation and monotypy].—Gervais, 1850, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 31: 126 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 512 [extract of previous article]—Scheffer and Rice, 1963, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep., 431: 8 [regarded valid as a sub- genus; included species: densirostris, ginkgodens, layardi, stejnegert]. Mesoplodon Gervais, 1850, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, (3), Zool., 14: 16 (line 26) [type species: Delphinus sowerbensis Blainville (Physeter bidens Sowerby), by original designation and monotypy].—Flower, 1878, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 10: 415 [taxonomic revision].—Forbes, 1893, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893: 216 [development of mesorostral bone; taxonomy].—True, 1910, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 73: 3 [tax- onomy].—Harmer, 1924, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1924: 541 [tax- onomic review; Patkea Oliver regarded as a synonym].—Kellogg, 1928, Quart. Rev. Biol., 3: 61 [history; relationships]—Winge, 1942, Inter- relat. Mam. Gen., 3: 306 [characters; classification]—Orr, 1953, Journ. Mammal., 34: 239 [review of species]—Nishiwaki and Kamiya, 1958, Norsk Hvalf.-Tid., 47: 440 [revision]—McCann and Talbot 1964, Proc. Linn. Soc., 175(2): 137 [characters; species in South African waters]. Mesodiodon Duvernoy, 1851, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, (3), Zool., 15: 41 [included species: Mesodiodon Sowerbyi Duvernoy (type=Delphinus sowerbensis Blainville— Physeter bidens Sowerby), Mesodiodon micropterum (=Delphinus micropterus Cuvier Physeter bidens Sowerby), Mesodiodon densirostre (—Delphinus densirostris Blainville), Mesodiodon longirostre, ‘“que est le Ziphices |sic] longirostris de Cuvier [fossil]’’]. Mesiodon Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 349 [mis- spelling of Mesodiodon Duvernoy, 1851]. Diplodon Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 349 [mis- spelling of Dioplodon Gervais, 1850]. Dolichodon Gray, 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 353 [subgenus of Ziphius Cuvier; type species: <7phius layardit Gray, by monotypy]. Callidon Gray, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 7: 368 [type species: Mesoplodon Giinthert Krefft (= iphius layardit Gray), by monotypy]. Neoziphius Gray, 1871, Suppl. cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 101 [type species: Neoziphius europaeus Gervais (= Dioplodon europaeus Gervais), by monotypy]. Oulodon von Haast, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876: 457 [type species: Mesoplodon grayi Haast, by monotypy].—Von Haast, 1877, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 9: 450 [characters]. Type species: Delphinus sowerbensis Blainville (= Physeter bidens Sowerby), by monotypy. DistTriBuTION: In the eastern Atlantic: from Norway and the British Isles to the Madeiras, the Mediterranean, and off the coast of South Africa; in the western Atlantic: from Newfoundland, Canada, into the Caribbean to Trinidad, and from the coast of Chubut, Argentina (42° S.), to the Falkland Islands; in the eastern Pacific: from the Bering Sea to CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 127 La Jolla, California, in the north and the coast of Chile in the south; in the western Pacific: from the Bering Sea to Japan and from Australia to New Zealand; in the Indian Ocean. REMARKS: As shown in the generic synonymy, the names Nodus Wagler, Miucropteron Eschricht, and Dioplodon Gervais take priority, in the order given, over Mesoplodon Gervais. The first, Modus, has had no currency as a senior synonym of Mesoplodon. It has, instead, been cited incorrectly as a junior synonym of Hyperoodon Lacépéde (cf. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Hall and Kelson, 1959). The second, Micropteron, has been used rarely in the primary literature and never during this century. Both Nodus and Micropteron would be regarded as nomina oblita by adherents to Article 23(4) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Dioplodon was published simultaneously with Mesoplodon but generally has been cited from a later publication. Although Dvoplodon has line priority over Mesoplodon, it may be treated as a junior synonym of it in accordance with Article 24(a), (2) of the International Code. Mesoplodon bidens Sowerby ‘Dauphin de Dale” Blainville (not Dale), 1825, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 4: 139 [N. Atlantic: France (Le Havre) ; stranded Sept. 9, 1825; characters from fresh animal; skin and skeleton deposited in Paris Museum].—F. Cuvier, 1826, in E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 6, livr. 53 (February), pl. (animal) and text [characters]. “Dauphin du Havre” Blainville, 1826, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom., Paris, 5: 193, pl. for August (animal, skull) [the ‘‘dauphin de Dale” now regarded as specifically distinct from Dale’s bottle-head]. Physeter bidens Sowerby, 1804a, Trans. Linnaean Soc. London, 7: 310; 1804b, The British Miscellany, p. 1, pl. 1 (animal) [characters]. Micropteron bidens, Malm, 1871, K. Svenska Vetenskaps Akad. Handl., n. s., 9(1): 96 [N. Atlantic: Norway (K4ringén) ; osteology]. Mlesoplodon| bidens, Flower, 1878, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 10: 415 [classification]—Harmer, 1924, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1924: 541 [characters; comparisons]. Mesoplodon bidens, Fraser and Purves, 1960, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 7: 16, 19, 39, 72, pls. 11, 12 (skull) [auditory system].—Sergeant and Fischer, 1957, Journ. Fish. Res. Board Canada, 14(1): 86, fig. 2 (skull), fig. 3a (head—dorsal surface appears ventral), fig. 35 (mandible) [N. Atlantic: Canada (Chappell Arm, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland) ; measurements]. Delphinus Sowerbensis Blainville, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 9: 177 [new name for Physeter bidens Sowerby; characters]. Mesoplodon sowerbensis, Gervais, 1859, Zool. Pal. Frangaises, ed. 2, 2: 291, pl. 40, fig. 1 (skull of the Le Havre specimen, type of Heterodon dalei (Lesson) [characters; synonyms: Delphinus bidens Sowerby, Delphinus 128 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Dalei “Blainville’’ (= Heterodon dalei Lesson), Delphinorhynchus micropterus G. Cuvier].—Van Bénéden and Gervais, 1880, Ostéographie des cétacés, p. 392, pl. 26 (skull) [taxonomic history; osteology]. Delphinus Sowerbyi [sic], Desmarest, 1822, Mammalogie, p. 521 [char- acters]. Diodon Sowerbyi [sic], Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, 1(Cétacés): 127 [mew name for Physeter bidens Sowerby; characters]. Delphinorhynchus Sowerbyi [sic], Gray, 1846, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (1), 17: 84 [Synonyms: bidens Sowerby, micropterus Cuvier, dalei Lesson]. Mlesodiodon] Sowerby: [sic], Duvernoy, 1851, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, (3), 15: 69 [characters; classification]. Diodon Sowerbai [sic] Bell, 1837, History of British quadrupeds, p. 497, fig. (animal) [new name for Physeter bidens Sowerby; characters; history]. Diodon sowerbi [sic], Hamilton, 1837, Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library, Mammalia, 6(whales): 192, pl. 12 (animal) [characters]. Delphinus sowerbi [sic], Eschricht, 1851, Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., (5), 2: 40 (separate) [type skull in anatomical museum of Oxford University]. KLiphius Sowerbiensis [sic], Gray, 1846, Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, 1(Mammalia): 27, pl. 5, figs. 2-4 (skull) [char- acters]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 350, fig. 71 (skull) [characters; taxonomic history]. Mesoplodon sowerbiensis, J. A. Allen, 1869, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1(8): 205 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Nantucket Island, Massachusetts) ]. Micropteron Sowerbiensis [sic], Van Bénéden, 1868, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique, 25: 120 [skin and skull of Heterodon dalet Lesson, in Paris museum]. Delphinus Sowerbyensis [sic], Eschricht, 1852, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 9: 290 [English translation of Danish original wherein the name is spelled D. sowerbi (see above) ]. Heterodon Dalei Lesson, 1827, Man. Mamm., p. 419 [N. Atlantic: France (type locality: Le Havre); name based primarily on the description of Blainville’s ““dauphin de Dale’’ erroneously regarded as identical with the ‘‘bottle-head’’ of Dale, and Delphinus edentulus Schreber (=AHyperoodon ampullatus) ; type skin and skull in Paris museum]. Aodon Dalei, Lesson, 1828, Complément des oeuvres de Buffon, 1 (Cétacés) : 155, pl. 3, fig. 1 (“dauphin de Dale,” i.e., “du Havre” [characters]. Nodus Dalei, Gray, 1850, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., Cetacea, p. 74 [name in synonymy of Delphinorhynchus micropterus; name combination attrib- uted to Wagler, 1830]. Delphinus micropterus G. Cuvier, 1829, Régne animal, ed. 2, 1: 288 [N. Atlantic: France (type locality: Le Havre); name based solely CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 129 on the incorrectly identified ‘‘dauphin de Dale’’ of Blainville and F. Cuvier]. D{elphinorhynchus| Micropterus, F. Cuvier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 114, pl. 9 [sic=pl. 8], fig. 1 (animal) [type history; characters]. Delphinus micropteron ‘Tomilin, 1957, Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia, 9(Cetacea): 477 [misprint for micropterus in synonymy of Mesoplodon bidens]. Type: A stranded male, skull only preserved, originally in Sowerby’s museum now in the museum of the University of Oxford; collected 1800 by Mr. James Brodie. TYPE LocALity: Brodie House, Elginshire, Scotland. DistripuTion: North Atlantic from Norway, Baltic Sea, and British Isles into the Mediterranean Sea on the east and from Newfoundland to Massachussetts on the west. Mesoplodon europaeus Gervais Dioplodon europaeus Gervais, 1848-1852, Zoologie et paléontologie frangaises, ed. 1, p. 4 [a nomen nudum according to recent authors; work not seen]; 1855, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 2: 320 [valid description]; 1859, Zoologie et paléontologie frangaises, ed. 2, pp. 289, 298, 299 [nomen nudum; evidently also a nomen nudum in the first edition].— Van Bénéden, 1863, Mém. couronnés et autres Mém., Acad. Roy. Belgique, 16: 18, pl. 1 (skull) [comparisons]. Neoziphius europaeus, Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 101 [classification]. Mlesoplodon] europaeus, Flower, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877: 684 [listed]. Mesoplodon europaeus, True, 1910, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 73: 11, 76, pl. 2, fies: 1572: pl. 5; fies. 1,°2; pk 8) pl. 10; fig. 4 Gkull); pl... 11, figs. 3-6 (mandible), pl. 13 (vertebrae, scapula, sternum, limb bones, lungs) [N. Atlantic: English Channel; U.S.A. (New Jersey) ].—Ulmer, 1947, Journ. Mammal., 28: 185 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Florida)].—Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 205: 651 [listed]. Nodus europaeus, Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 559 [nomen- clature]. Dioplodon gervaisi Deslongchamps, 1866, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 103: 176. Mesoplodon gervaist, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951, Checklist, Palaearctic and Indian mammals, p. 725 [europaeus Gervais a nomen nudum].—Fraser, 1955, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12), 8: 624, pls. 13-15 (skull) [N. Atlantic: Trinidad]—Twist and Twist, 1957, Journ. Trinidad Field Nat. Club, 1956: 26 [N. Atlantic: Trinidad].—Moore and Wood, 1957, American Mus. Novit., no. 1831 [N. Atlantic: Trin- idad, Jamaica, Cuba (Cayo Alacranes); U.S.A. (Florida, New Jersey, 130 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 New York); English Channel; characters; comparisons].—Moore, 1960, American Mus. Novit., 1993: fig. 1 (mandible), figs. 2-4 (teeth), figs. 5-8 (skull) [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Florida; Padre Island, Texas; char- acters; comparisons; distribution]. Mesoplodon densirostris, Gunter (not Blainville), 1955, Journ. Mammal., 36: 573 [N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (Padre Island, 40 miles south of Port Aransas, Texas)].—Moore, 1958, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1897: 6-8 [a misidentification]; 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1993: 2, fig. 1 (mandible) [determined as M. gervaisi Deslongchamps]. Type: Skull only, in Caen Museum; found floating in the English Channel and retrieved by a ship’s captain; presented to M. Deslongchamps pére through M. Vautier. Type LocAuity: English Channel. DistrisuTIon: North Atlantic in the English Channel and from New York to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean from Cuba to Trinidad. Mesoplodon mirus True Mesoplodon mirum True, 1913, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 60(25): 1. Mesoplodon mirus, Ulmer, 1941, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 93: 107, figs. p. 113 (pelvic bones), pl. 20, 21 (animal) (N. Atlantic: U.S.A. (New Jersey); characters; comparisons; history].—Moore and Wood, 1957, American Mus. Novit., no. 1831, fig. 1 (animal) [characters; comparisons; distribution].—Talbot, 1960, Nature, 186(4733): 406 [Indian: South Africa (Wilderness, 170 miles east of Cape Agulhas) ].— McCann and Talbot, 1964, Proc. Linn. Soc. London, 75(2): 137, fig. 1 (teeth), pl. 1 (animal), pls. 2-5 (skull), pl. 6 (teeth) [characters; distribution; synonymy].—Barriety, 1962, Bull. Cent. Rech. Sci. Biar- ritz, 4(1): 94 IN. Atlantic: France (Bidart); work not seen]. Type: Stranded animal, skull and partial postcranial skeleton, also cast of entire body and cast of head, U.S. National Museum, no. 175019, collected July 26, 1912, by U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. Type Locauity: Bird Island shoal, Beaufort Harbor, North Carolina, North Atlantic. DisTRIBUTION: In North Atlantic: the British Isles and French coast, and from Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, to Florida; in South Atlantic: known only from off the southern coast of South Africa. Mesoplodon grayi Haast Berardius hectori, Hector (not Gray), 1874, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 1873, 6: 86, pl 15A (mandible and tooth) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Kaikoura)]; 1875, Trans. New Zealand Inst., (1874), 7: 262 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Lyttleton Bay) ; characters]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES Se Mesoplodon Grayi, Haast, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876: 9 (original description), 457 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Saltwater Creek, 30 miles north of Banks Peninsula); characters; type of Oulodon Haast|.— Courtenay-Latimer, 1963, Ann. Cape Prov. Mus., 3: 122, fig. (animal) [Indian: South Africa (Gulu) ]. Mesoplodon grayi, Flower, 1878, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 10: 417, pls. 71, 72 (skull), pl. 3 (skeleton) [taxonomy; osteology; comparisons; distribution].—Forbes, 1893, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893: 229, pls. 12-15 (skull and transverse sections of rostrum) [development of rostrum; cranial variation; systematics; synonyms: knoxi Hector, hectort Hector (not Gray), Aaasti Flower].—True, 1910, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 73: 76 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Bahia Nueva, Chubut); S. Pacific: New Zealand (Chatham Island)].—Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 572 [S. Pacific: New Zealand |—Iredale and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6: 62 [S. Pacific: Australia (Tasmania; Victoria); synonyms: haasti Flower, australis Flower].— Fraser, zn Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 281 [characters].—Cabrera and Yepes, 1940, Mamfferos sudameri- canos, p. 302 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Golfo Nuevo, Chubut)].— Boschma, 1950, Proc. Kongl. Nederl. Akad. Wet., 53: 779, figs. 2-3 (rostrum), pl 1, fig. 2 (teeth) [N. Atlantic: Netherlands (Kijkduin, Loosduinen); characters].—Barnard, 1954, Guide book to South African whales and dolphins, p. 19, fig. 10 (animal) [S. Atlantic: South Africa].—Mann, 1957, Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 4: 101 [S. Pacific: Chile]—McCann, 1964, Tuatara, 12(2): 124 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (records compiled) J. Oulodon grayi, Haast, 1877, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 1876: 9, 450, pl. 26, fig. 3 (skull) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Chatham Islands) ; charac- ters; type of Oulodon Haast]. Mesoplodon grayi, Hale, 1932, Rec. S. Australian Mus., 4(4): 489, fig. 1 (skeleton), figs. 2-4 (skull), figs. 5, 6 (mandible), figs. 7-9 (teeth), fig. 10 (forelimb bones and scapula) [Indian: Australia (Young Husband Peninsula near mouth of Murray River) ]. Mesoplodon haasti Flower, 1878a, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877: 684 [S. Pacific: New Zealand; type a portion of cranium in the Royal College of Surgeons]; 1878b, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 10: 417 (ftn.), 421, pls. 71, 72 (rostrum), pl. 73 (vertebral column) [osteology; comparisons].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 219 [characters].— Lillie, 1915, British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition 1910, Zool., 1(3): 119 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Great Exhibition Bay, North Cape); probably conspecific with gray? and haasti.]. Mesoplodon australis Flower, 1878, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 10: 417 (ita.), 419 Spl / 1 fied dps. 72, fig. 1-(skull);,pl. 73, fg..3» (vertebral column) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (type locality); osteology; com- eZ U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 parisons]; 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 11 [type an articulated skeleton Brit. Mus., 1677a—76.2.16.2; received in exchange from the Wellington Museum, New Zealand]. Mesoplodon Layardi, Lahille (not Gray), 1905, Rev. Jardin Zool., Buenos Aires, 1905, p. 97 [S. Atlantic: Argentina (Bahia Nueva, Chubut)]; 1914, Enumeracién y zoogeografia de los mamiferos de la Republica Argentina, p. 32 [S. Atlantic: Falkland Islands, South Africa (Cape of Good Hope)]. [?] Mesoplodon [sp.] Bini, 1951, Boll. Pesca, Piscic. Idrobiol. Minist. Agric. For., (27), 6(1): 5, figs. 1-4 (animal) [S. Pacific: Chile (Iquique, Tarapaca) ; external characters; comparisons]. Types: Three skulls, Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand; received from W. Hood. Tyrer LocaLity: Waitangi Beach, Chatham Island, New Zealand. DisTRIBUTION: In Indian Ocean: from South Africa and Australia; in South Pacific: from New Zealand to the coast of Chile; in South Atlantic: from the Argentine coast and Falklands to South Africa; in North Atlantic: recorded from the Netherlands coast (Boschma, 1950, Proc. Kongl. Nederlandsche Akad. Wet., 53: 779). Mesoplodon ginkgodens Nishiwaki and Kamiya Mesoplodon densirostris Ogawa (not Blainville), 1938, Anat. Inst. Kaiser]. Japan Univ. Sendai., 21: 173 [work not seen; N. Pacific: Japan]. Mlesoplodon] bidens, Nishiwaki (not Sowerby), 1957, Coll. Rep. Tokyo Univ. Press, p. 151 [N. Pacific: Japan; reidentification of the M. densirostris of Ogawa]. Mesoplodon ginkgodens Nishiwaki and Kamiya, 1958, Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., 13: 53-83 (name, p. 77), figs. 1, 2, 4 (animal), fig. 5 (fluke), figs. 7, 9-12 (vertebrae, sternum, pectoral limb bones, hyoid), fig. 13 (tooth), pls. 1-5 (head and skull), pls. 6-9 (skeletal parts), pls. 10, 11 (teeth), pls. 12-16 (skulls of Mesoplodon spp.), pl. 17 (teeth of Meso- plodon spp.).—Nishiwaki and Kamiya, 1958, Norsk Hvalf.-Tid., 47: 440 [republication of original description].—Moore and Gilmore, 1965, Nature, 205(4977): 1239 [N. Pacific: U.S.A. (Delmar, 15 miles north of San Diego, California); characters; comparisons; Mesoplodon hotaula Deraniyagala a synonym]. Mesoplodon hotaula Deraniyagala, 1963, Ceylon today, 12(3): 13, pl. figs. 1, 2 (head), 3 (skull), 4 (mandible) [Indian: Ceylon (type local- ity: Ratmalana near Colombo); type, female, skull, dorsal fin, flukes, and plaster cast of head, Colombo Museum Z.W. (Zoological Survey) ; washed ashore Jan. 26, 1963].—Deraniyagala, 1963, Spoila Zeylandica, 30(1): 84 [characters]—Moore and Gilmore, 1965, Nature, 205(4977) : 1240 [type examined; regarded as identical with ginkgodens Nishiwaki and Kamiya]. CATALOG OF LIVING WHALES 133 Type: Stranded animal; entire skeleton only preserved, National Science Museum, Tokyo; collected Sept. 23, 1957. TYPE LOCALITY: Oiso Beach, Sagami Bay, near Tokyo, Japan. DistriBuTION: In northern Pacific, Japan on the west, California (Del- mar, near San Diego) on the east; Indian Ocean (Ceylon). Mesoplodon layardi Gray Ziphius Layard Gray, 1865a, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 358, fig. (skull, lower jaw, teeth); 1865b, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865: 524 [characters]; 1866, Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 353, fig. 72 (skull, teeth) [characters]. Dolichodon Layardiit, Gray, 1871, Suppl. Cat. seals and whales Brit. Mus., p. 101 [classification]; 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11: 110 [charac- ters]. Mesoplodon layardii, Hector, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11: 106 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Chatham Island); characters].—Forbes, 1893, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893: 227, fig. 2 (transverse section of rostrum) [development of rostrum; taxonomy; synonyms: gwentheri (sic) Gray, traversii Gray, flowert Haast, giintheri (sic) Turner].—Hale, 1931, Rec. S. Australian Mus., 4(3): 306, figs. 20, 21 (skull), figs. 22, 23 (animal), figs. 2, 24, 25 (teeth), figs. 26, 27 (skull) [Indian: Aus- tralia (Port Victoria, Yorke Peninsula; Victor Harbour, Encounter Bay) ].—Iredale and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6: 61 [S. Pacific: Australia (Queensland; Tasmania) ].—G. M. Allen, 1942, Extinct and vanishing mammals of the western hemisphere, p. 483 [distribution]. Mesoplodon layardi [sic], Flower, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877: 684 [synonyms: Jlongirostris Gray, flowert Haast, guentheri (sic) Krefft, traversit Gray; distribution]; 1885, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 11 [skull in British Museum, no. 69.4.5.2, purchased from South African Mu- seum].—Beddard, 1900, Book of whales, p. 220 [characters].—Fraser, in Norman and Fraser, 1938, Giant fishes, whales and dolphins, p. 280 [S. Pacific: New Zealand; Australia; S. Atlantic: Falkland Islands].— Oliver, 1922, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922: 574 [S. Pacific: New Zealand].—McCann, 1964, Tuatara, 12(2): 124 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (records compiled) ]. Mlesoplodon] layardi, Flower, 1878, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 10: 416 [taxonomy; distribution; synonyms: Jongirostris Krefft (ms.), traversii Gray, floweri Haast, giinthert Krefft]. [Mesoplodon] Layardi, Trouessart, 1898, Cat. Mamm., p. 1067 [synonymy ; bibliography]. Mesoplodon Giinthert Krefft, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 7: 368, fig. (tooth) [S. Pacific: Australia (Little Bay); type a skeleton in the Sydney Museum]. 134 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Mesoplodon longirostris Gray, 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873: 145 [name based on ms. and photograph of a skeleton from Australia submitted by Krefft]. Dolichodon Traversii Gray, 1874, Trans. New Zealand Inst., (1873), 6: 96 [S. Pacific: New Zealand (type locality: Chatham Island); name based on specimen of Mesoplodon layardi recorded by Hector, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11: 106]. Mesoplodon floweri Haast, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876: 8 (name and indication), 478, pls. 45 (skeleton), pl. 46 (skull) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (type locality: Saltwater Creek, 30 miles north of Banks Peninsula); type skeleton in Canterbury Museum, New Zealand].— Haast, 1877, Trans. New Zealand Inst., (1876), 9: 442, pl. 25 (skeleton), pl. 26 (skull, trunk, sternum) [S. Pacific: New Zealand (Saltwater Creek) ; osteology of type]. Mlesoplodon] thomsoni Ogilby, 1892, Catalogue of Australian mammals, Australian Mus. Cat., 16: 71 [Krefft ms. name based on individual stranded at Little Bay, near Sydney, Australia; regarded as the female of M. layardi]. Mesoplodon thomsoni, Iredale and Troughton, 1934, Mem. Australian Mus., 6: 62 [in synonymy of Mesoplodon layardii Gray ; name erroneously attributed to Flower, 1878, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 10: 416, “ex Krefft MS.’’]. Type: Name based on the drawings of a skull in the collection of the South African Museum, Capetown, submitted to Gray, by Mr. E. Layard; type skull presented 1869 by trustees of South African Museum to British Museum, no. 69.4.5.2. Type LocaLity: South Africa, probably off the Cape of Good Hope. DiIsTRIBUTION: South Pacific and Indian Oceans from Australia and New Zealand to the South Atlantic between the Falkland Islands and South Africa. Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville Delphinus densirostris Blainville, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 9: 178. Mlesoplodon] densirostris, Flower, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878: 684 [taxonomy; 240 U.S. NATIONAL epiodon, Delphinus, 799 erebennus, Delphinus, 52, 54 eschrichti, Orcinus, 84 Eschrichtidae, vii, 149 eschrichtii, Balazenoptera, 154, 755 Delphinus, 67, 62 Orca, 84 Rhinodelphis, 42 Eschrichtius, vii, 749 gibbosus, vii, 749 glaucus, 750, 195 robustus, 149 esthenops, Clymenia, 26 Eubalaena, viii, 785, 193 australis, viii, 152, 165, 786, 187, 189 glacialis, viii, 186, 187, 790, 192 japonica, viii, 186, 792 Eubalzna, 755 australis, 187, 191 capensis, 759 glacialis, 189 sieboldii, 192 eubalzena, Balaena, 187 Balzena, 797 Eubalaenoptera, 753 borealis, 153 musculus, 153 rostrata, 153 sibbaldi, 153 Eudelphinus, 42 tasmaniensis, 45 Euphausia, 157 Euphisetes pottsi, 115 euphrosine, Prodelphinus, 29 euphrosinoides, Prodelphinus, 30 Euphrosyne, 25 euphrosyne, Clymene, 28 Clymenia, 28 Delphinus, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30 Prodelphinus, 27, 29, 30 Stenella, 29 euphrosynoides, Clymenia, 28, 29, 30 Euphysetes, 773 grayil, 113, 774 macleayi, 774 pottsi, 775 simus, 774 MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 europaeus, Dioplodon, 4, 126 Mesoplodon, vii, 4, 5, 729 Neoziphius, 129 Nodus, 129 europzeus, Dioplodon, 729 Mesoplodon, 129 Neoziphius, 129 Orca, 85 Delphinus, 52, 53, 54 Tursio, 53 euskariensis, Balzena, 797 Eutropia, 72, 74 dickiei, 74 dickii, 74 eutropia, 72 eutropia, Cephalorhynchus, vi, 59, 72, 74 Delphinus, 72, 74 Eutropia, 72 Tursio, 74 exilis, Grampidelphis, 89 Fabricia, 753 fabricii, Delphinus, 799 falcidentatus, Physeter, 779 fasciatus, Physalus, 767, 168 feres, Delphinus, 797 Feresa, vi, 60, 98 attenuata, vi, 93, 98, 99 intermedia, 81, 99 occulta, 99 Feresia, 98 attenuata, 99 intermedia, 99 fergusoni, Sotalia, 24 Tursiops, 50, 52 finfish, 168 finner, 151 fitzroy, Lagenorhynchus, 66 fitzroyi, Delphinus, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 Lagenorhynchus, 63, 66, 72, 73 Phoczena, 66 flounders-head, 146 floweri, Kogia, 775 Lagenorhynchus, 73 Mesoplodon, 133, 734 Flowerius, 753 gigas, 153 INDEX fluminalis, Orcaella, 77, 78 Orcella, 78 fluviatilis, Delphinus, 78, 19 Sotalia, v, 78, 19, 20 Steno, 18 forsteri, Delphinus, 42, 44 fraenata, Stenella, 35 franata, Clymenia, 35 fraenatus, Delphinus, 32, 35, 36 frzenatus, Delphinus, 35 Prodelphinus, 35, 36 Tursio, 35 franciscana, 7 freimani, Delphinapterus, 777 frenatus, Delphinus, 35 Fretidelphis, 26 roseiventris, 26, 40 frithii, Delphinus, 44 froenatus, Prodelphinus, 35 frontalis, Clymenia, 35 Delphinus, 31, 35, 36 Prodelphinus, 35 Stenella, v, 26, 35 frontatus, Delphinus, 9, 77, 15, 16, 17, 18 Steno, 17 fulvifasciatus, Delphinus, 44 fulvofasciatus, Delphinus, 42, 44 furehvaler eller R6rhvaler, 152 fusca, Orca, 86 fuscus, Delphinus, 94, 95, 103 Globicephalus, 95 Phocaena, 703 Steno, 15,77 fusiformis, Delphinus, 69, 70 Electra, 70 Lagenorhynchus, 70 fusus, Delphinus, 42, 45 gadamu, Clymenia, 49 Delphinus, 48, 49, 52 Sotalia, 49 Sousa, 49 Steno, 49, 52 Gallignathus, 773 simus, 113 gangetica, Delphinus, 73, 196 Platanista, 14 Susu; v, 73,15, 196 241 gangeticus, Delphinorhynchus, 13 Delphinus, 13, 14 Soosoo, 14 geoffrensis, Delphinorhynchus, 9 Delphinus, 9, 10, 22, 196 Inia, v, 9, 17, 18, 42, 110, 196 geoffroyensis, Inia, 11 geoffroyi, Delphinorhynchus, 10 Delphinus, 9, 10, 11 Inia, 10 geoffroyii, Inia, 10 gephyreus, Tursiops, 49, 50, 51 gervaisi, Dioplodon, 729 Mesoplodon, 129, 130 Prodelphinus, 58 gervaisil, Hyperoodon, 739 gewoone vinnvisch, 167 gibbar, 165, 170 Balaenoptera, 151, 153 Balznoptera, 151, 765 gibbosa, Balaena, 149, 153 Balzena, 749, 157, 183 gibbosus, Agaphelus, 157 Eschrichtius, vii, 149 Physeter, 779 gigas, Balaenoptera, 172 Balznoptera, 773 Flowerius, 153 Megaptera, 782 Pterobalaena, 173 gilli, Tursiops, v, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56 gillii, Tursiops, 50, 51, 55 ginkgodens, Mesoplodon, vii, 126, 732 glacialis, Balaena, 186, 190 Balzna, 189, 790 Beluga, 770 Eubalaena, viii, 186, 187, 790, 192 Eubalzena, 189 Gladiator, 87 gladiator, Delphinus, 81, 53 Orcas81,65; 95 Orcinus, 81 glathvaler, 193 glaucus, Agaphelus, 149, 750, 153 Eschrichtius, 150, 195 Rachianectes, 149 Rhachianectes, 150 242 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Globicephala, vi, 90, 119 brachycephala, 96 edwardi, 93 indica, 95 leucosagmaphora, 92, 93, 96 macrorhyncha, 94, 95, 98 mela, 92 melaena, vi, 86, 90, 97, 92, 96, 97, 98, 197 malzna, 92 melas, 90, 91 scammoni, 97 scammonii, 97 scamonii, 97 siebboldii, 97 sieboldi, vi, 97 ventricosa, 96 Globicephala sp., 96 globicéphale conducteur, 93 globicéphales, 90 Globicephalus, 90 affinis, 94 brachypterus, 95, 96 chilensis, 91, 92 conductor, 93 cortesi, 90 deductor, 90 fuscus, 94, 95 globiceps, 92 grayi, 79, 80 macrorhynchus, 94 melas, 97, 92, 197 rissii, 88, 90 scammoni, 192 scammonii, 97 ventricosus, 96 Globiceps, 90, 91 affinis, 94 macrorhyncha, 95 melas, 90, 91 globiceps, Delphinus, 85, 86, 90, 91, 92, 93, 945.90 Globicephalus, 92 Grampus, 86 Phoceena, 92, 94 Globiocephala, macrorhyncha, 95 sieboldii, 97 Globiocephalus, 90 affinis, 91, 93 australis, 95 chilensis, 96 chinensis, 89 edwardsi, 91 edwardsii, 91, 93 guadaloupensis, 95 incrassatus, 90, 91, 95 intermedius, 93, 95 macrorhynchus, 94, 97 melas, 93 propinquus, 95 scammoni, 95 sibo, 98 sieboldii, 97, 98 svineval, 91, 94 Glyphidelphis, 75 goodei, Kogia, 775 graffmani, Prodelphinus, 37 Stenella, v, 37 Gramphidelphis, griseus, 88 Grampidelphis, 87 exilis, 89 griseus, 88 kuzira, 89 Grampus, vi, 87, 86, 87 acutus, 60, 86 affinis, 94 cuvieri, 87, 89 globiceps, 86 grampus, 81 griseus, 87, 89, 90 headivisii, 76 heavisidii, 76, 86 intermedius, 98 obscurus, 64, 86 orca, 82, 85 rectipinna, 84, 86 richardsoni, 89 rissoanus, 88 sakamata, 89 sakata, 89 souverbianus, 89 sowerbianus, 45 stearnsii, 89 INDEX grampus, 83 Delphinus, 81, 82, 83, 86, 93, 94 grand dauphin, 47 grayi, Globicephalus, 79, 50 Mesoplodon, 730, 737 grayll, Euphysetes, 113, 114 Grayius, 87 grebnitzkii, Ziphius, 742 greyi, Kogia, 114 grimmi, Balaenoptera, 795 grinda, Delphinus, 93 griseus, Delphinus, 86, 87, 89 Gramphidelphis, 88 Grampidelphis, 88 Grampus, vi, 87, 89, 90 Phoczena, 87 groenlandica, Balaena, 794 Pterobalzna, 755 groenlandicus, Anarnacus, 142 Anarnak, 195, 799 gryphus, Pterobalaena, 775 guadaloupensis, Globiocephalus, 95 gubartus, 170 gubernator, Lagenorhynchus, 67, 62 Gudamu, 48 gudamu, 48 gudamu, Clymenia, 48 guentheri, Mesoplodon, 133 guianensis, Delphinus, 18, 20, 22 Sotalia, v, 18, 20, 21, 22 Steno, 18, 21 Tursio, 20 guibusdam, Balaenopteris, 769 giintheri, Mesoplodon, 126, 733 guyanensis, Delphinus, 21 haasti, Mesoplodon, 737 Halibalzna, 786 hamatus, Delphinus, 48, 52 harlani, Delphinus, 93 hastatus, Delphinus, 72, 76, 77 headivisii, Grampus, 76 heavisidei, Cephalorhynchus, vi, 72, 76, 86 heavisidii, Grampus, 76, 86 Delphinus, 72, 76, 77, 86 hectori, Balaena, 187, 188 Balzena, 789 243 hectori—Continued Berardius, 122, 723, 130, 131 Cephalorhynchus, vi, 72, 75, 76 Electra, 75 Mesoplodon, 124 Paikea, 5, 124 Hemiptera, 90 heraultii, Epiodon, 747 Herpestes leucurus, 48 Heterodon, 742, 143 dalei, 125, 127, 128 high-finned cachalots, 116 whale, 83 holbdlli, Delphinus, 28 holbollii, Delphinus, 29 homei, Phoczena, 66, 72 honfloriensis, Hyperoodon, 147, 148 hosei, Lagenodelphis, vi, 59, 60 hotaula, Mesoplodon, 732 hrafu-reydur, 109 huitingar, 109 hump back, 181 hunteri, Ceto-Diodon, 143, 148 Delphinus, 143, 147, 148 Hunterius, 786 biscayensis, 191 svedenborgii, 797 swedenborgi, 187 swedenborgii, 191 temminckil, 187, 188 Hunterus, 756 temminckii, 186, 788 huttoni, Balaenoptera, 153, 154, 156, 158 Balznoptera, 756, 157 Hyperadon bidens, 147 Hyperaodon, 744 semijunctus, 144 Hyperdordon, 743 Hyperhoodon, 743 Hyperodon semijunctus, 740 Hyperondon semijunctus, 140 Hyperoodon, vii, 4, 81, 127, 139, 742, 143, 144, 147 albiventris, 74 ampullatus, 746, 153 ampullatus, vii, 128, 137, 144, 146 baussardi, 748 bidens, 747 244 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Hyperoodon—Continued intermedia, Balaenoptera, 171, 173 borealis, 148 Balzenoptera, 774 burmeisterei, 144, 745 Feresa, 81, 98, 99 butskopf, 142, 144, 147 Feresia, 99 butzkoff, 147 Orca, 81, 98 butzkopf, 147 intermedius, Delphinus, 91, 93, 98, 99 capensis, 740 Globiocephalus, 93, 95 desmarestii, 139 Grampus, 98 doumetii, 739 islandica, Balazena, 790 honfloriensis, 147, 748 iwasi, Balaenoptera, 161, 176 gervaisil, 739 Balzenoptera, 767 latifrons, 143, 748 iwasi-kuzira, 161 planifrons, vil, 744, 145 planifronts, 145 J{=Inia] boliviensis, 11 rostratum, 145, 146 jacobite, le, 72 rostratus, 125, 145, 146 janira, Delphinus, 42, 44 Hyperoodon sp., 145 japonica, Balaena, 186, 189, 192, 193 hyperoodon, Delphinus, 148 Baleena, 792 Hyperoodontidae, vii, 122 Eubalaena, vii, 186, 792 Hypodon, 737 jubar, 170 desmarestii, 137 jubartas, 170 sowerbyi, 137 jubarte, die, 152 Hyprodon, 742 jubartes, Balaenoptera, 151, 172 Balzenoptera, 772 ibseni, Delphinus, 62 incrassatus, Globiocephalus, 90, 91, 95 Sphaerocephalus, 90, 95 katadon, Physeter, 709 keporkak, Kyphobalzena, 782 Sphzerocephalus, 91 keporkarnak, 157 indi, Platanista, 74 killeluak, 109 indica, Aliama, 139 kingi, Delphinapterus, 110 Balaenoptera, 176 kingii, Beluga, 50, 51, 110 Balzenoptera, 773 Delphinapterus, 109, 770, 111 Globicephala, 95 Delphinus, 109, 770, 111 Megaptera, 753 knoxi, Mesoplodon, 724, 131 indicus, Petrorhynchus, 140 knoxii, Benedenia, 152, 767, 169 Ziphius, 739, 140, 142, 145 Kogia, vii, 773 Inia, v, 8, 19 breviceps, vii, 773, 114, 121 amazonicus, 11 brevirostris, 774 boliviensis, 8, 9, 10, 77, 12 floweri, 775 canadensis, 110 goodei, 775 geoffrensis, v, 8, 9,17, 18, 42, 110, 196 grayi, 114 geoffroyensis, 11 greyi, 114 geoffroyi, 10 macleayi, 114 geoffroyii, 10 simus, 115 Inia sp., 12 ko-kuzira, 192 inia, Delphinus, 12 kreffti, Catodon, 116 de Geoffroy, 12 Meganeuron, 116 INDEX krefftii, Catodon, 720 Meganeuron, 120 Physeter, 121 kulioch, Balaena, 187 kuliomach, Balaena, 193 kuliomoch, Balaena, 792 kunitomoi, Stenella, 40 kurrachiensis, Neomeris, 707 kusira, Megaptera, 181 kuzira, Grampidelphis, 89 Megaptera, 180, 787 Kyphobalzena, 776 Lagenocetus, 743 latifrons, 148 Lagenodelphis, 59 hosei, 59, 60 Lagenorhynchus, 60 acutus, vi, 60, 61, 86 albirostris, vi, 42, 60, 62 asia, 60, 70 australis, 67, 68 bombifrons, 62 breviceps, 60, 67 burmeisteri, 73 caeruleoalbus, 60 caeruleo-albus, 60 czruleo-albus, 27 clanculus, 60, 65, 66 cruciger, vi, 42, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68, 69, 72, 73, 86 electra, vi, 60, 69, 70 fitzroy, 66 fitzroyi, 63, 66, 72, 73 floweri, 73 gubernator, 67, 62 lateralis, 29 latifrons, 65, 68 leucopleurus, 60, 61 longidens, 71 nilssonii, 68 obliquidens, 70, 71 obscurum, 70 obscurus, 65, 68 ognevi, 70, 77 pectoralis, 70 perspicillatus, 67 posidonia, 68 245 Lagenorhynchus—Continued superciliosus, 64 supercillosus, 64 thicolea, 60, 65, 70, 77 wilsoni, 63, 68, 69 Lagenorrhynchus ceruleo-albus, 27 Lagocetus, 143 latifrons, 148 lalandii, Balana, 179 Megaptera, 179 Poescopia, 179 lateralis, Delphinus, 29 Lagenorhynchus, 29 Prodelphinus, 30 laticeps, Balzenoptera, 767 Sibbaldius, 152, 153 Sibbaldus, 152 latifrons, Hyperoodon, 143, 148 Lagenocetus, 143, 148 Lagenorhynchus, 65, 68 Lagocetus, 143, 148 latirostris, Cuvierius, 152 Orca, 85 Physalus, 152, 173, 174 layardi, Mesoplodon, 5, 132, 733, 134 Ziphius, 126 layardii, Dolichodon, 133 Mesoplodon, 133, 134 Ziphius, 126, 733 Leicopleurus, 60 arcticus, 61 Leiobalzna, 793 lentiginosa, Sotalia, 23, 24 Sousa, 24 lentiginosus, Delphinus, 23 Sotalia, v, 23, 24 Sousa, 23 Steno, 18, 23, 24 Lepidoptera, 113 lesser grampus, 103 lessonii, Delphinapterus, 58 leucas, Delphinapterus, vi, 709, 110 Delphinus, 108, 709, 110 leucaster, Delphinus, 108, 709 leucocephalus, Delphinus, 797 Leucopleurus, 60 arcticus, 67 246 leucopleurus, Delphinus, 60, 67 Lagenorhynchus, 60, 61 leucopteron, Balaenoptera, 179, 180 Balznoptera, 787 leucoramphus, Delphinus, 58 Prodelphinus, 58 Leucorhamphus, 56 leucorhamphus, Delphinapterus, 57 Delphinus, 57, 58 Rhinodelphis, 42 leucorrhamphus, Delphinapterus, 58 leucosagmaphora, Globicephala, 93, 96 lille-hval, 191 lineata, Phoczena, 704 Lipotes, v, 72 vexillifer, v, 12 Lissodelphis, vi, 56, 57 borealis, vi, 56, 59 chiloensis, 59 panope, 75 peroni, vi, 56, 58 peronii, 42, 57, 58, 59 little piked whale (minke), 158 livittatus, Delphinus, 64 longidens, Delphinus, 77 Lagenorhynchus, 71 longimana, Balaena, 176, 180 Balzna, 779 Megaptera, 176, 179 Megapteron, 176 longipinna, Megaptera, 176, 780 longirostre, Mesodiodon, 126 longirostris, Clymenia, 37 Delphinus, 25, 26, 37, 39, 43, 44, 46 Mesoplodon, 133, 734 Phrodelphinus, 37, 38 Rhinodelphis, 42 Stenella, v, 37, 38, 42, 44, 46 Ziphices, 126 loriger, Delphinus, 32 Rhinodelphis, 42 Stenella, 42 lunata, Phocaena, 198 lunatus, Delphinus, 797 lunulata, Balazena, 792 Macleayanus, 786 macleayi, Euphysetes, 114 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 macleayi, Kogia, 774 Macleayius, 786 australiensis, 186, 187, 188, 789 britannicus, 187, 797 macrocephalus, Catodon, 116, 117, 121 Physeter, 115, 116; 777,118; 1215122 macrorhyncha, Globicephala, 94, 95, 98 Globiceps, 95 Globiocephala, 95, 97 macrorhynchus, Globicephalus, 94 Globiocephalus, 94, 97 maculata, Balaenoptera, 796 maculatus, Delphinorhynchus, 198 Delphinus, 798 maculiventer, Delphinus, 798 Sotalia, 198 Steno, 798 magellanica, Orca, 84 magellanicus, Orcinus, 84 Orca, 84 major, Balaena, 169 Balzena, 764, 165 Delphinus, 42, 45 Mysticetus, 764 Rorqualus, 773 malayana, Stenella, v, 33, 39 malayanus, Delphinus, 32 Prodelphinus, 32, 40 Steno, 32, 40 Mammalia, v, 6 mangidach, Balaena, 795 Balzna, 795 marginata, Balaena, 183 Balena, 784 Caperea, vii, 784, 185 Neobalaena, 154, 184, 185 Neobalzna, 157 marginatus, Clymenia, 29 Delphinus, 27, 29, 30, 42, 46 Prodelphinus, 30, 46 maris-albi, Delphinapterus, 777 marsopa de anteojos, 102 marsouin du Cap, 22 maugeanus, Tursiops, 50 maximus, Physeter, 779 mediterranea, Balzna, 797 Delphinus, 36 Pseudorca, 80 INDEX mediterraneensis, Balaenoptera, 166 Balzenoptera, 765, 191 mediterranensis, Balznoptera, 166 mediterraneus, Delphinus, 36 Petrorhynchus, 747 megacephalus, Tachynices, 112, 773 Megalodontia, 87 Meganeuron, 116 kreffti, 116, 120 Megaptera, vii, 149, 776 americana, 176, 180, 787, 183 antarctica, 176, 181 australis, 179 bellicosa, 782, 183 boops, 176 brasiliensis, 182 braziliensis, 782 burmeisteri, 782 gigas, 782 indica, 783 kusira, 181 kuzira, 180, 787 lalandii, 179 longimana, 176, 179 longipinna, 176, 780 moorei, 782 nodosa, 178, 179, 196 novaeangliae, vii, 149, 152, 776, LTT, 180, 196 noveangliae, 157 novaezealandiae, 149 novae-zealandiae, 182 nove-zealandiae, 787 novaezelandiae, 179, 180 novee-zelandiae, 176 osphyia, 180, 782 poeskop, 176, 179, 787 versabilis, 180, 782 Megapterina, 776 Megapteron, 776 americana, 176 longimana, 176 Megistosaurus, 116 mela, Globicephala, 92 melaena, Globicephala, vi, 86, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, 197 melzna, Globicephala, 92, 96 247 melas, Delphinus, 97, 93, 94, 106, 707 Globicephala, 90, 91 Globicephalus, 91, 92, 197 Globiceps, 90, 91 Globiocephalus, 91, 93 Neomeris, 107 melus, Nomerus, 107 Meomeris, 105, 706 phocaenoides, 106 phoczenoides, 106 meridionalis, Orca, 78, 79, 80 Pseudorca, 78, 80 Mesiodon, 726 Mesodiodon, 726 densirostre, 126 longirostre, 126 micropterum, 126 sowerbyi, 126, 128 Mesoplodon, vii, 4, 125, 126, 127, 143 australis, 737 bidens, vii, 4, 5, 727, 129, 132,137, 143, 147 bowdoini, vii, 135, 736 carlhubbsi, vii, 736 densirostre, 126 densirostris, vii, 5, 130, 132, 134, 143 europaeus, vii, 4, 5, 129 europeus, 729 floweri, 133, 734 gervaisi, 129, 130 ginkgodens, vii, 126, 732 grayi, vii, 5, 126, 730, 131 guentheri, 133 guntheri, 126, 733 haasti, 737 hectori, 124 hotaula, 732 knoxi, 724, 131 layardi, vii, 5, 132, 733, 134 layardii, 133, 134 longirostris, 133, 734 mirum, 730 mirus, vii, 122, 730, 145 pacificus, 745 sowerbensis, 127 sowerbiensis, 128 stejnegeri, vii, 126, 735, 136 thomsoni, 734 248 Mesoplodon sp., 132 Mesoplodon spp., 132 metis, Delphinus, 26, 52, 53, 54 Tursio, 53 microbrachium, Delphinus, 34 microcephala, Balaena, 757 Balenoptera, 756 microcephalus, Narwalus, 772 microchira, Pterobalzena, 767 Micropia, 25 microps, Clymene, 25, 39 Clymenia, 39 Delphinus, 22, 25, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 46 Euphrosyne, 25 Physeter, 86, 115, 116, 778, 121 Prodelphinus, 38 Stenella, 39 Tursio, 116 Micropteron, 725, 127 bidens, 127 sowerbiensis, 128 micropteron, Delphinus, 129 micropterum, Mesodiodon, 126 Micropterus, 725 micropterus, Delphinorhynchus, 128, 129 Delphinus, 125, 126, 728 minima, Balaena, 755 minimus, Delphinus, 798 minke (little piked whale), 158 minor, Orca, 85 Platanista, 14 Pterobalzena, 155, 156 Rorqualus, 152, 153, 755 miramaris, Balaenoptera, 171 Balzenoptera, 775 mirum, Mesoplodon, 730 mirus, Mesoplodon, vii, 122, 730, 145 moine de mer, 109 molagan, 107 Delphinapterus, 707 mondinii, Sibbaldius, 757 mongitori, Dipterocetus, 200 Oxypterus, 195, 200 monoceros, Monodon, vii, 772, 113 Monodon, vii, 111, 112, 137 monoceros, vii, 772, 113 narhval, 772 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Monodon—Continued narwhal, 772 spurius, 142, 195, 799 monodon, Ceratodon, 773 Monodontidae, vii, 108 moorei, Delphinus, 42, 45 Megaptera, 782 moschatus, Delphinus, 42, 46 mottled grampus, 89 mular, 196 Phiseter, 779 musculus, Balzena, 770 Balaena, 152, 153, 157, 167, 168, 169, 193 Balaenoptera, 151, 152, 169, 770, 172, ts Balznoptera, vii, 169, 170, 171, 175 Eubalaenoptera, 153 Rorqualus, 152, 766 Sibbaldus, 172 Mysticeti, vii, viii, 5, 149 Mysticetus, 757 mysticetus, Balaena, viii, 191, 193, 794 Balzena, 794 naebhval, 143 narhval, Monodon, 772 Narhvalus, 772 Narwalus, 772 andersonianus, 7/2 microcephalus, 772 vulgaris, 772 narwhal, 737 Monodon, 772 Narwhalus, 772 nebbehval, 146 Neobalaena, 183 marginata, 154, 184 Neobalzna, 783 marginata, 157, 185 Neomeris, 705, 106, 107 kurrachiensis, 707 melas, 107 phocaenoides, 105, 106 phoczenoides, 106 Neoorca, 78 meridionalis, 78 INDEX Neophocaena, vi, 705, 706 phocaenoides, vi, 706 phoceenoides, 107 Neophocaena sp., 107 Neoziphius, 726 europaeus, 126 europeus, 129 nesarnac, Delphinus, 799 nesarnack, Delphinus, 48, 52, 199 Tursiops, 48, 52, 55, 72 nesarnak, 199 Delphinus, 52 niger, Delphinus, 798 Physeter, 119 nigra, Balaenoptera, 196 nilssonii, Lagenorhynchus, 68 nodosa, Balaena, 176, 179 Balzena, 777 Megaptera, 178, 179, 196 Nodus, 4, 725, 127, 143 dalei, 128 densirostris, 135 europaeus, 4, 129 stejnegeri, 135 Nomeris, 105, 706 Nomerus melus, 107 nordcaper, 790 Balaena, 187 Balzna, 190 nordkaper, 191 nord ouest whale, 193 nordwest whale, 193 normalis, Clymene, 26, 34 Clymenia, 26 Delphinus, 26, 35, 36 Prodelphinus, 27 North Pacific hump back, 182 novae angliae, Physeter, 778 novaeangliae, Balaena, 776 Megaptera, vii, 149, 152, 157, 176, 177, 196 nove zealandiz, Delphinus, 44 nove zeelandiae, Delphinus, 44 novae-zealandiae, Megaptera, 182 Ziphius, 742 novae-zelandiae, Megaptera, 176 Ziphius, 141 760-433—65—_17 249 novee-zealandiz, Delphinus, 42 Megaptera, 787 novee-zelandia, Delphinus, 44 novaezelandia, Rhinodelphis, 42 noveezealandiae, Megaptera, 149 nuuanu, Tursiops, 49, 50, 52, 55, 56 obliquidens, Lagenorhynchus, vi, 61, 65, 70, 71 obscura, Clymenia, 65 obscurum, Lagenorhynchus, 70 obscurus, Cephalorhynchus, 72 Delphinus, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 72, 86 Grampus, 64 Lagenorhynchus, 65, 68 Prodelphinus, 17, 65, 71 Tursio, 65 obtusa, Electra, 70 obtusata, Cephalorhynchus, 75, 102 Phocaena, 74, 75, 101, 702 obtusus, Delphinus, 42, 54 occulta, Feresa, 99 Odontoceti, v, vi, vii, 5, 6 Ogawa’s long-snouted dolphin, 40 ognevi, Lagenorhynchus, 70, 77 Ogmobalzena, 752 Ophysia, $1 pacifica, 85 Orca, 87, 84, 98, 137, 143 africana, 85 antarctica, 86 arcticus, 85 ater, 54 atra, 84 australis, 85 brevirostris, 77 capensis, 76, 77, 81, 83, 85 crassidens, 79, 81 destructor, 79, 80 ensidorsatus, 83 eschrichtii, 84 europzeus, 55 fusca, 86 gladiator, 81, 83, 85 intermedia, 81, 98 latirostris, 85 magellanica, 84 250 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Orca—Continued magellanicus, 84 meridionalis, 78, 79, 80 minor, 55 pacifica, 81, 85 rectipinna, 54, 85 rectispina, 85 schlegelii, 84 stenorhyncha, 81, 85 tasmanica, 55 tasmaniensis, 85 tethyos, 38 orca, Delphinus, 41, 51, 82, 85, 89 Grampus, 82, 85 Orcinus, vi, 41, 81, 52, 83 Orcaella, vi, 77 brevirostris, vi, 77, 78 fluminalis, 77, 78 Orcella, 77 brevirostris, 77 fluminalis, 78 Orcinus, vi, 87, 82, 86 capensis, 81, 83 crassidens, 81 eschrichti, 84 magellanicus, 84 orca, 41, 81, 82 Oregon finner, 168 orthodon, Physeter, 779 osphyia, Megaptera, 180, 782 Ostend whale, 172, 173, 175 Oulodon, 726, 131 grayi, 131 Oxypterus, 200 mongitori, 195, 200 rhinoceros, 798 oxyrhynchus, Delphinus, 77 pacifica, Amphiptera, 794 Ophysia, 85 Orca, 81, 85 pacificus, Mesoplodon, 145 Paikea, 5, 722, 126 hectori, 5, 124 pallida, Sotalia, 18, 19 Sotallia, 12 Steno, 19 | pallidus, Delphinus, 79, 20, 22 Sotalia, 19 Steno, 19 panope, Cephalorhynchus, 75 Lissodelphis, 75 Tursio, 74, 75 parvimanus, Delphinus, 54 Tursiops, 52, 54 patachonica, Balaenoptera, 166, 768, 169 Balaznoptera, 168 patachonicum, Epiodon, 747 patachonicus, Balaenoptera, 168 Physalus, 168 patagonica, Balzenoptera, 168 pectoralis, Delphinus, 70 Lagenorhynchus, 70 Phocaena, 69 peixe boto, 51 pench’i, 12 pentadactyla, Pterobalzena, 756 pernettensis, Delphinorhynchus, 40, 111 Delphinus, 40, 41, 196 pernettyensis, Delphinus, 40 pernettyi, Delphinorhynchus, 40 Delphinus, 40 Stenella, v, 40, 111 pernetyi, Delphinus, 40, 41 perniger, Delphinus, 48, 52 Sotalia, 49 Steno, 49, 52 peroni, Delphinus, 57 Lissodelphis, vi, 56 peronii, Delphinapterus, 56, 57, 58 Delphinus, 56, 58 Lissodelphis, 42, 57, 58, 59 Tursio, 57 Perqualus, 776 perspicillatus, Delphinus, 16, 77 Lagenorhynchus, 67 Steno, 77 petersii, Prodelphinus, 30 Petrorhynchus, 737 capensis, 140, 142 indicus, 140 mediterraneus, 747 pflockfish, 183 Phacecana, 706 phocaenoides, 106 INDEX philippii, Acanthodelphis, 101 Cephalorhynchus, 101 Delphinus, 739 Phocaena, 100 Phoczena, 707 Phiseter, 116 cylindricus, 119 mular, 779 trumpo, 779 Phocaena (see also Phoczena, Phocoena, Phocoena), 700 acuminata, 704 albiventris, 74 communis, 103 compressicauda, 54 conidens, 704 crassidens, 79 dioptrica, 702 edwardi, 92 edwardii, 93 lunata, 198 obtusata, 74, 75, 102 pectoralis, 69 philippii, 100 phocaena, 103 spinipennis, 101 spinipinnis, 700, 101 stornii, 702 truei, 105 vomerina, 103 phocaena, Phocaena, 102, 103 Delphinus, 103 Phoczena (see also Phocaena, Phocoena, Phoccena), 100 americana, 703 australis, 63, 64, 65, 67 bivittata, 63 brachcium, 703 brachycium, 103 brevirostris, 77 capensis, 76 communis, 103 crucigera, 63 dalli, 705 d’Orbignyi, 68 edwardii, 95 edwardsii, 93 fitzroyi, 66 251 Phoczena—Continued globiceps, 92, 94 griseus, 87 homei, 66, 72 lineata, 704 philippii, 101 posidonia, 65, 66, 68 relicta, 103, 704 rissonus, 88 rondeletii, 104 spinipinnis, 101 tuberculifera, 703 vomerina, 102, 703 Phoeczena sp., 96 phoceena, Delphinus, 100, 102 Phocaenoides, 704 phocaenoides, Delphinus, 105, 106 Meomeris, 106 Neomeris, 105, 106 Neophocaena, vi, 106 Phocaena, 106 Phocoena, 107 Phoccena, 106 phoceenoides, Delphinus, 706, 107 Neophocaena, 107 Meomeris, 106 Neomeris, 106 Phocena, 700 phocena, 700, 103 phocena, Phocena, 99, 102 Phocoena (see also Phocaena, Phocena, Phoccena), vi, 100 commersonii, 72 dalli, 104 dioptrica, vi, 702, 104 phocaenoides, 106, 107 phocoena, vi, 41, 96, 702, 197 sinus, vi, 707 spinipinnis, vi, 700, 101, 198 tridens, 72 vomerina, 101, 103 phocoena, Phocoena, vi, 41, 85, 102, 197 Phoccena (see also Phocaena, Phocena, Phocoena), 700, 106 phocaenoides, 106 phoccena, 102 rondeletii, 703 252 phocoena, Delphinus, 41, 100, 102 Phoccena, 103 Phocoenoides, vi, 704 dalli, vi, 705 truei, 104, 105 Phoccenoides, 704 truei, 705 Phylasus, 757 physales, les, 151 Physalis, 757 vulgaris, 766 physalis, Balaena, 765, 166 Physalus, 116, 757 antiquorum, 151, 174 antarcticus, 757, 167 australis, 165 brasiliensis, 167 cylindricus, 116, 119 duguidii, 767, 169 fasciatus, 167, 168 grayi, 168 latirostris, 152, 173, 774 patachonicus, 168 sibbaldii, 773 verus, 765 physalus, Balaena, 151, 152, 153, 157, 165,/167, 168, 169, 182) 191 193 Balzena, 763 Balaenoptera, 151, 153, 161, 763, 164 195 > Balzenoptera, vii, 150, 151, 163, 164 Physeter, vii, 47, 56, 90, 775, 121, 122, 151 albicans, vii, 109 andersonii, 779 asiaticus, 727 australasianus, 720, 121 australis, 720 bidens, 125, 126, 127, 128, 147 breviceps, 113, 114, 115 catodon, 115, 776, 117, 121, 122 cinereus, 779 falcidentatus, 779 gibbosus, 779 katadon, 109 krefftii, 121 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Physeter—Continued microps, 86, 115, 116, 778, 121 niger, 779 novae angliae, 778 orthodon, 779 polycephus, 720 polycystus, 720 pterodon, 727 rectidentatus, 779 simus, 113, 114 tursio, 115, 116, 778, 120, 121 physetéres, les, 116 Physeteridae, vii, 773 Physeterus, 776 sulcatus, 720 piebald porpoise, 73 pirayaguara, 19 pitlekajensis, Balzena, 794 pittekajensis, Balaena, 194 plagiodon, Delphinus, 36, 41 Prodelphinus, 47 Stenella, 41 planiceps, Delphinus, 76 Rhinodelphis, 42 planifrons, Hyperoodon, vii, 144, 145 planifronts, Hyperoodon, 144 plantanista, Susa, 14 platanista, 13 Susa, 13 Susu, 13, 14 Platanista, 73 gangetica, 14 indi, 74 minor, 74 Platanistina, 73 platyrhinus, Cephalorhynchus, 75 Tursio, 74 platyrrhinus, Tursio, 74, 75 plumbea, Sotalia, v, 24, 42 Sousa, 24 plumbeus, Delphinus, 24, 31, 42 Rhinodelphis, 42 Steno, 24 Poescopia, 776 lalandii, 179 macrocephalus, 115, 116, 777, 118, | poeskop, 181 12 te2 maximus, 779 Balaenoptera, 176 Megaptera, 176, 179, 787 Poeskopia, 776 polycephus, Physeter, 120 polychaete, 25 polycyphus, Catodon, 120 polycystus, Physeter, 720 polyhistor, 120 polyscyphus, Catodon, 120 pomeegra, Delphinus, 42, 45 ponticus, Delphinus, v, 46 Tursiops, 54 Pontoporeia, 6 Pontoporia, v, 6 blainvillei, v, 6, 7 blainvillii, 6, 7 tenuirostris, 8 porpoise, 73 posidonia, Lagenorhynchus, 68 Phoceena, 65, 66, 68 pottsi, Euphisetes, 115 Euphysetes, 775 poursille, 103 Prodelphinus, 26, 197 alope, 38 amphitriteus, 31 attenuatus, 33 brevimanus, 34 burmeisteri, 30 capensis, 33 clymene, 26 coeruleo-albus, 27 crotaphiscus, 31 doreides, 30 doris, 27, 36, 41 dubius, 32 euphrosine, 29 euphrosinoides, 30 euphrosyne, 27, 29, 30 freenatus, 35, 36 froenatus, 35 frontalis, 35 gervaisi, 58 graffmani, 37 lateralis, 30 leucoramphus, 58 longirostris, 37, 38, 39 malayanus, 32, 40 marginatus, 30 INDEX 253 Prodelphinus—Continued microps, 39 normalis, 27 obscurus, 17, 65, 71 petersii, 30 plagiodon, 41 roseiventris, 39 tethyos, 30 Prodelphinus sp., 36 propinquus, Globiocephalus, 95 pseudodelphinus, Delphinus, 33 pseudo-delphis, Delphinus, 32 pseudodelphis, Delphinus, 32, 33 Rhinodelphis, 42 Stenella, 32 Pseudorca, vi, 78 crassidens, vi, 78, 79, 80, 81 grayi, 80 mediterranea, SO meridionalis, 79, 80 pseudotursio, Delphinus, 62 Pterobalaena gigas, 173 Pterobalzena, 752 alba, 162 bergensis, 755 communis, 767 gryphus, 775 groenlandica, 755 microchira, 767 minor, 155, 156 pentadactyla, 756 tetradactyla, 756 pterodon, Physeter, 727 Ptychocetus, 752 puffing pig, 73 punctata, Clymene, 33, 34 punctatus, Delphinus, 32, 34 punctulata, Balaenoptera, 796 pygmy, 176 blue whale, 175 quadridens, Delphinus, 148 quoyi, Balaena, 168 Balzena, 766 Balzenoptera, 166 quoyii, Balaena, 165 Balzenoptera, 166 254. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Rachianectes, 749 racovitzai, Balaenoptera, 154, 757 rappii, Delphinus, 32, 34, 40 rectidentatus, Physeter, 779 rectipinna, Grampus, 84, 86 Orca, 84, 85 rectispina, Orca, 85 reinwardtii, Delphinus, 16, 77 Rhinodelphis, 42 relicta, Phocaena, 103, 704 Rhachianectes, 749 glaucus, 150 Rhachionectes, 749 Rhamphocetus, 796 coronatus, 196 rhinoceros, Delphinus, 195, 798 Oxypterus, 198 Rhinodelphis, 42 abusalam, 42 amazonicus, 42 coeruleoalbus, 42 delphis, 42 eschrichtii, 42 leucorhamphus, 42 longirostris, 42 loriger, 42 novaezelandiae, 42 planiceps, 42 plumbeus, 42 pseudodelphis, 42 reinwardtii, 42 superciliosus, 42 tursio, 42 rhinodon, Beluga, 770 rhodinsulensis, Dubertus, 770 richardsoni, Grampus, 89 rissil, Globicephalus, 88, 90 risso, Delphinus, 88 rissoanus, Delphinus, 88, 90 ' Grampus, 88 rissol, Delphinus, 89 rissonus, Phoczena, 88 rithvaler, 193 robusta, Balaenoptera, 149 Balzenoptera, 750 robustus, Eschrichtius, 149, 150 rondeletii, Phocoena, 704 Rorqual, 752 rorqual, Balaenoptera, 151, 169, 772 Balzenoptera, 765 rorqual, 152, 165, 166, 167, 191 de la Méditerranée, 166 du Cap, 179, 180 du Nord, 162 noueux, 181 Rorqualis, 152 borealis, 152 Rorqualus, 752 antarctica, 152 antarcticus, 180 australis, 152, 179 boops, 152, 755, 173 borealis, 772 major, 773 minor, 1525 153) 755 musculus, 152, 766 roseiventer, Delphinus, 39 sibbaldii, 773 roseiventris, Clymenia, 40 Delphinus, 26, 39, 46 Fretidelphis, 26, 40 Prodelphinus, 39 Steno, 39 rostrata, Balaena, 142, 146, 148, 154, 155, 160; 160 1625173 Balzena, 152, 753, 160 Balaenoptera, 155, 156 Eubalaenoptera, 153 rostrats, Delphinus, 14 rostratum, Hyperoodon, 145, 146 rostratus, Hyperoodon, 125, 145, 146 Delphinus, 9, 11, 13, 74, 75, 16 Steno, 17 roysii, Balaena, 794 Rudolphius, 753 Sagmatias, 60 amblodon, 60, 68 sakamata, Grampus, 89 sakamata-kuzira, 89 sakata, Grampus, 89 salam, Delphinus, 48 santonicus, Delphinorhynchus, 76 Sotalia, 16 sao, Delphinus, 44 savii, Ziphius, 747 scammoni, Globicephala, 97 Globicephalus, 97 Globiocephalus, 95 scammonii, Globicephala, 96, 97 Globicephalus, 97 Globicephala, 97 schawensis, Delphinus, 14 schlegeli, Balaenoptera, 162 schlegelii, Balanoptera, 162 Orca, 84 Sibbaldius, 762 Sibbaldus, 162 schlegellii, Balanoptera, 162 scrag whale, 150 sebi-kuzira, 192 sechellensis, Ziphius, 134, 735 semijunctus, Hyperaodon, 144 Hyperondon, 140 Hyperodon, 740 Hyperoodon, 140 senedetta, Delphinapterus, 108, 796 sénédette, 196 serra, Delphinus, 83 shawensis, Delphinus, 13, 74, 196 shepherdi, T’asmacetus, vii, 722 sibbaldi, Catodon, 770 Balzenoptera, 173 Eubalaenoptera, 153 sibbaldii, Balaenoptera, 173 Physalus, 173 Rorqualus, 173 Sibbaldius, 752 alba, 162 antarcticus, 173, 774, 176 laticeps, 152, 153 mondinii, 757 schlegelii, 762 sulfureus, 774 tectirostris, 769 tuberosus, 769 Sibbaldus, 752 borealis, 152, 172 laticeps, 152 musculus, 172 schlegelii, 762 sibo, Globiocephalus, 98 siculus, Delphinus, 52, 799 INDEX 255 sieboldi, Balaena, 186 Globicephala, vi, 97 sieboldii, Balaena, 792 Globicephala, 97 Globiocephala, 97 Globiocephalus, 98 sild-qval, 191 similis, Clymene, 30, 65 Clymenia, 30 simus, Callignathus, 115 Euphysetes, 113, 774 Gallignathus, 113 Kogia, 115 Physeter, 774 sinensis, Delphinus, 23 Sotalia, 23 sinus, Phocoena, vi, 707 Soosoo, 73 gangeticus, 14 Sotalia, v, 9, 78, 19, 20, 22, 198 borneensis, v, 23 brasiliensis, v, 20, 22, 39 braziliensis, 22 chinensis, v, 22, 23 fergusoni, 24 fluviatilis, v, 78, 19, 20 gadamu, 49 guianensis, v, 18, 20, 21, 22 lentiginosa, 23, 24 lentiginosus, v, 23, 24 maculiventer, 198 pallida, 18, 19 pallidus, 19, 20 perniger, 49 plumbea, v, 24, 42 plumbeus, 24 santonicus, 16 sinensis, 23 teuszi, v, 25 téuszii, 25 tucuxi, 20 Sotalia sp., 20, 22 Sotallia pallida, 12 souffleur, le, 47, 48 Sousa, 78 borneensis, 23 gadamu, 49 lentiginosa, 24 256 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Sousa—Continued lentiginosus, 23 plumbea, 24 Sousou, 13 southern finner, 165 right whale, 189 souverbianus, Delphinus, 45 Grampus, 89 sowerbaei, Diodon, 128 sowerbensis, Delphinus, 126, 727, 142 Mesoplodon, 127 sowerbi, Delphinus, 118 Diodon, 128 sowerbianus, Delphinus, 45 Grampus, 45 sowerbiensis, Mesoplodon, 128 Micropteron, 128 Ziphius, 128 sowerbyensis, Delphinus, 128 sowerbyi, Delphinorhynchus, 128 Delphinus, 128 Diodon, 128, 137 Hypodon, 137 Mesodiodon, 126, 128 sperm whale, 121 Sphaerocephalus, 90 incrassatus, 90, 91, 95 spinipennis, Phocaena, 101 spinipinnis, Acanthodelphis, 101 Phocaena, 700 Phoceena, 101 Phocoena, vi, 700, 101, 198 spurius, Monodon, 142, 195, 799 stearnsii, Grampus, 89 stejnegeri, Mesoplodon, vii, 126, 735, 136 Nodus, 135 Stenella, v, 25, 71, 197 alope, 38 asthenops, v, 26 attenuata, 31, 33, 35, 38 czruleoalba, 28 czruleoalbus, 28 czruleo-albus, 27 czrulo-albus, 28 clymene, v, 26 coeruleoalbus, v, 27, 42, 60 crotaphiscus, v, 37 doris, 26 Stenella—Continued dubia, v, 15, 18, 37, 32, 35, 42 euphrosyne, 29 fraenata, 35 frontalis, v, 26, 31, 35 graffmani, v, 37 kunitomoi, 40 longirostris, v, 37, 38, 42, 44, 46 loriger, 42 malayana, v, 33, 39 microps, 39 pernettyi, v, 40, 111 plagiodon, 41 pseudodelphis, 32 Styx, 28, 29 Steno, v, 75, 18, 25 attenuatus, 25, 26, 32, 33, 35, 40 brasiliensis, 22 bredaensis, 16 bredanensis, v, 11, 75, 16, 17, 42 brevimanus, 40 capensis, 18, 32, 33 chinensis, 23 compressus, 77 consimilis, 38, 40 fluviatilis, 18, 19 frontatus, 17 fuscus, 15, 77 gadamu, 49, 52 guianensis, 21 lentiginosus, 18, 23, 24 maculiventer, 198 malayanus, 32, 40 pallida, 19 pallidus, 19 perniger, 49, 52 perspicillatus, 77 plumbeus, 24 roseiventris, 39 rostratus, 16, 17 tucaxi, 20 tucuxi, 18, 19, 20, 22 Stenobalzna, 753 xanthogaster, 153, 769 Stenodelphis, 6, 7 blainvillei, 6, 7, 8 Stenopontistes, 75 zambezicus, 15, 78 stenorhyncha, Clymenia, 25, 39, 40 Gladiator, 81 Orca, 81, 85 stenorhynchus, Clymene, 40 Delphinus, 37, 38, 40 stornii, Phocaena, 702 stylx, Delphinus, 27 styx, Clymenia, 28 Delphinus, 27, 28 Stenella, 28 subridens, Tursio, 54 sulcata, Balana, 765 sulcatus, Physeterus, 720 sulfureus, Sibbaldius, 774 sulphur-bottom whale, 174 superciliosus, Delphinus, 63, 64, 67 Lagenorhynchus, 64 Rhinodelphis, 42 supercillosus, Lagenorhynchus, 64 Susa, 73 platanista, 13 plantanista, 14 Susu, v, 73 gangetica, v, 73, 15, 196 platanista, 13, 74 Susuidae, v, 5, 6 svedenborgii, Hunterius, 797 svineval, Catodon, 779 Globiocephalus, 91, 94 swedenborgi, Hunterius, 187 swedenborgii, Hunterius, 191 swinhoei, Balaenoptera, 153 Balzenoptera, 168 Swinhoia, 733 chinensis, 768 swinhoii, Balaenoptera, 168 Balzenoptera, 768 sword grampus, 83 symodice, Delphinus, 53 syncondylus, Balzenoptera, 787 Tachynices, 772 megacephalus, 112, 773 tarentina, Balaena, 187 Balazena, 797 Tasmacetus, vii, 722 shepherdi, vii, 722 tasmanica, Orca, 85 INDEX 257 tasmaniensis, Eudelphinus, 45 Orca, 85 tectirostris, Sibbaldius, 769 temminckii, Hunterius, 187, 188 Hunterus, 186, 788 tenuirostris, Balaenoptera, 172 Balzenoptera, 766 Pontoporia, 166 tethyos, Delphinus, 27, 29, 30 Orca, 30 Prodelphinus, 30 tetradactyla, Pterobalzena, 756 teuszi, Sotalia, v, 25 téuszii, Sotalia, 25 thalmaha, Balaenoptera, 757 thicolea, Clymenia, 71 Electra, 71 Lagenorhynchus, 60, 65, 70, 77 thomsoni, Mesoplodon, 734 tonina, 75.21, 39 traversii, Dolichodon, 133, 734 tridens, Delphinus, 77 Phocoena, 72 tripinnis, Balaena, 164 troncatus, Delphinus, 53 truei, Phocaena, 105 Phocoenoides, 104, 105 Phocoenoides, 705 trumpo, Phiseter, 779 truncatus, Delphinus, 51, 52, 54 Tursio, 52, 53 Tursiops, vi, 42, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 5A 55, 56, 72; 109; 110. 199 tschudii, Balaena, 168 Balzena, 767 Balzenoptera, 767 tuberculifera, Phoczena, 703 tuberosus, Sibbaldius, 769 tucaxi, Steno, 20 tuchuschi, Delphinus, 20 Tucuxa, 78 tucuxi, 19 Sotalia, 20 Steno, 18, 79, 20, 22 tunina de vientre blanco, 74 overa, 73 tunnolik, 173 258 Tursio, 47, 56, 116 albiventris, 75 borealis, 59 catalania, 49 chiloensis, 58 cymodice, 51 cymodoce, 51, 53 dorcides, 27, 30 dorides, 29 doris, 36 eurynome, 53 eutropia, 74 fraenatus, 35 guianensis, 20 metis, 53 microps, 116 obscurus, 65 panope, 74, 75 peronii, 57 platyrrhinus, 74,75 platyrhinus, 74 subridens, 54 truncatus, 47, 52 vulgaris, 116, 720 tursio, Delphinus, 42, 47, 48, 54, 62, 799 Physeter, 115, 116, 778, 120, 121 Rhinodelphis, 92 Tursiops, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 Tursiops, vi, 4, 47, 48, 199 abusalam, 48 aduncus, vi, 42, 47, 48, 51 catalania, 48, 49, 50, 52 cymodice, 53 cymodoce, 53 dawsoni, 50, 52 fergusoni, 50, 52 gephyreus, 49, 50, 51 gilli, vi, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56 gillii, 50, 51, 55 maugeanus, 50 nesarnack, 4, 48, 52, 55, 72 nuuanu, 49, 50, 52, 55, 56 parvimanus, 52, 54 ponticus, 54 truncatus, vi, 42, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 5B. 54°55.056, 72,.109, 110) 199 tursio, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 Tursiops sp., 51 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 246 Uperoodon, 743 Uranodon, 742, 143 urganantus, Epiodon, 143, 799 vaaghvalen, 155 van Benedeniana, Balaena, 797 van Benediana, Balzena, 191 variegatus, Delphinus, 42, 45 vegaae, Berardius, 125 vegae, Berardius, 725 vegana, Berardius, 125 velifera, Balanoptera, 768 velox, Delphinus, 32, 40 ventricosa, Globicephala, 96 ventricosus, Delphinus, 96, 703 Globicephalus, 96 vermes, 105, 152, 153 versabilis, Megaptera, 180, 782 verus, Physalus, 765 vexillifer, Lipotes, v, 72 victorini, Delphinus, 83 vomerina, Phocaena, 103 Phoceena, 102, 703 vulgaris, Delphinus, 43 Narwalus, 772 Physalis, 766 Tursio, 116, 720 walkeri, Delphinus, 42, 45, 46 weissfisch, 109 white fish, 109 whale, 109 white-headed grampus, 89 wilsoni, Lagenorhynchus, 63, 68, 69 xanthogaster, Stenobalzena, 153, 769 Xiphius, 737 zambezicus, Stenopontistes, 15, 18 zelandz, Delphinus, 44 Ziphices longirostris, 126 Ziphiorrhynchus, 737 cryptodon, 137, 740, 141 Ziphius, vii, 126, 737, 141, 144 aresques, 747 australis, 140, 142 cavirostris, vii, 137, 738, 140, 141, 142, 143 chatamensis, 137, 141 INDEX 259 Ziphius—Continued Ziphius—Continued chathamensis, 137, 141, 142 layardii, 126, 133 chathamiensis, 141, 142 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