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Pie Ae: THE FISHES OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA: A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF FISH-LIKE VERTEBRATES FOUND IN THE WATERS OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA. BY DAVID STARR JORDAN, Ph. D., PRESIDENT OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY AND OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, AND BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, Ph. D., ICHTHYOLOGIST OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. PAE En, WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1898, : - ie eset SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, THE FISHES OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA: A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF FISH-LIKE VERTEBRATES FOUND IN THE WATERS OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA. BY : DAVID STARR JORDAN, Pu. D., PRESIDENT OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY AND OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ’ AND BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, Pu. D., ICHTHYOLOGIST OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. PART IL WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1898. TABLE OF CONTENTS, PART III. CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CLXXXIV. Triglide—Continued. Page. Group Gobioidea. ....-.-.----------- +--+ --2- ese renee nett ee eee eeeeee 2184 Family OLXXXVII. Callionymide ....-.-.------+-+----++-+-eeee eee eer eee 2184 Genus 799. Callionymus, Linnzeus ---.---------------- Bee eee apis 2185 Onion baird ee ord ane seen eee eae eee eee sesame eens eo cemte 2185 e 2512. himantophorus, Goode & Bean---.---.-------------+-++-++---++- 2186 2513. calliurus, Eigenmann & Eigenmann.....-----.----------------- 2187 2514. pauciradiatus, Gill.........-----------------------+----+--------- 2188 Family CLXXXVIITI. Gobiide...-...----------------+-+-- +--+ +2 22re etree ee 2188 Genus 800. Ioglossus, Bean .-..--------------------+-+--------+-----20-09- 2192 nid. Callinecns: pease seh sees = ace ee eriek lee == a ceieineinn= nscale 2193 Genus 801. Philypnus, Cuvier & Valenciennes. .....-------.------------- 2194 2516. dormitor (Lacépéde)..---..-.---------------------------------- 2194 DFTs ubOralige, Grills oe ects seta = ates amie el annie oem tem im iw imi (nim in nominee 2195 Genus 802 Dormitator Galle see= ease esas een eee i ite ial le 2195 9518. maculatus (Bloch))--2----.-----2---+---c00------osre=--5-0--- =e 2196 Genus 803. Guavina, Bleeker --...---.--.-------------------+---------+-° 2198 2519. guavina, Cuvier & Valenciennes .---...------------------------ 2198 Genus 804. Eledtris (Gronow) Bloch & Schneider .....---.--------------- 2199 2520. amblyopsis (Cope)..-.-------. --+-0-------- 2-2-2 - eter ee ener eee 2199 2521. abacurus, Jordan & Gilbert .--.-..---.----------------------e+: 2200 2522. pisonis (Gmelin) .-...-...------------------- Se ae Aalereiote mice acts 2200 2523. perniger (Cope).--.------.------------+----2-2 22sec eee e eet eee 2201 2524. pictus (Kner & Steindachner) .-----.--------------------------- 2201 @onnsis0b:Alexurus, JOTdanle cess es soe ete ie ee inl 2202 2525. armiger, Jordan & Richardson - --.--------------------------+--- 2203 Genus 806. Erotelis, Poey..-..-.-----------------------+--------------++++- 2203 2526. smaragdus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). --..--.-------------------- 2204 Genus 807. Gymneleotris, Bleeker ..------------------------------------- 2204 2527. seminudus (Giinther).-..--..--.-------------------++---+-2---0-- 2204 Genus 808. Chriolepis, Gilbert ...---..---------------------------+++--+--- 2205 P508e mints Chl bert se acre see sa sees sleet ei l-)i-)<1= minnie le 2205 Genus 809. Sicydium, Cuvier & Valenciennes. ....--..-------------------- 2205 2529. plumieri (Bloch). -.....-.-....-------------+-2-+2--2 see ee secre 2206 2530. antillarum, Ogilvie-Grant -.--..-.--------------++-+---------+-- 2206 2531. vincente, Jordan & Evermann ..-.--.--------------------------- 2207 2531 (a). punctatum, Perugia .-..-.-.-----------------+-+-----+------" 2867 Genus 810. Cotylopus, Guichenot.--..--.---.----.----------------+------ 2207 Subgenus Sicya, Jordan & Evermann -.-.---.---- Soe ese cece dactwese=s 2207 2532. gymnogaster (Ogilvie-Grant) ---------------------+------------- 2207 2533. salvini (Ogilvie-Grant) ..---.------------------------+++------°- 2208 Genus 811. Evorthodus, Gill.......-...--..------------------ +222 + +72 2ee- 2208 2534. breviceps, Gill... ......-------=---20-s--- 2 cee eee eens eee eee 2208 Genus 812. Lophogobius, Gill...-...-.--.---------+------+--++-+--22222-- 2209 2535. cyprinoides (Pallas) .--..-..---------+---+------ 22-22-2227 eereee 2209 War CONTENTS. CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CLXXXVIII. Gobiide—Continued. Page. Gonus's13. Gobius (Arted1) umn rea esse elae ala elo miele eee ne ers 2210 SD OMS! Ge OWS eine am create atte wie alate ale eta a le oe al il 2216 2536. soporator, Cuvier & Valenciennes. ---....-.-------------------- 2216 Subgenus Ctenogobius, Gillen cee eee aaa ile i 2218 WER Seno sre 136) Wp secsencenpaomeaSnnbeecuoMacoaocccedoocsesonse=- 2218 2538. eigenmanni, Garman <2 = cena en aan ee 2218 2539. elancorreenmn (Gill) ee seit ee at ee ee tate eee 2219 2540. manglicola, Jordan & Starks--_.-. -------<22----. 2-8 2220 2541. sticmaturus, GOOde) és) Gane me ae ete ee ete ne ioral al 2220 2542. quadriporus, Cuvier & Valenciennes .-.-.--....--.------------- 2221 2543. shufeldti, Jordan & Kigenmann..........-.-------.------.----- 2221 2544. poleosoma: cOrgan tc Gilberts. sasesnes seas - tee aeons 2221 2545s tasciatuUs. (Gilles cocaces oer on cee Sema eset eeme aaa oe sae sugaos 2222 25465 Enesomils: we Ordan’ ce Gil bertsce ses seeee se eee en eee anes 2223 254 Tee SOOM BhICU SN (EOC) a semie eee eae ate ara ae ee le oe tet 2224 254 Bam lye G Td sa Clty Clee see erat aya eae ee ee ee 2224 2549. garmani, Eigenmann & Eigenmamn......-.-------------------- 2225 25502 'zebra, / Gilbertisat cet hooce coe wae coarse ccelene 6 emcees 2226; 2867 SubPenus Huctenorobius; Gill cess ee a ee eee ae ae eae ete 2226 ZOO Le POC Yin SO vOLNG aC DN Osea selaleaeeles sae aeine ata a eee eee 2226 2552: badius. (Gill) 2s ea scencesetee eens oe Sees tes sae eee seer 2227 HubsenusiGobionelluss Garand seers ase eee aeier er seen terete 2227 2553. microdon.Gillbbertivescecoss one ceases sete hee tees Gee oaee ee 2227 2554. smaragdus, Cuvier & Valenciennes..-...-...---.----..--------- 2227 2550 JStrigatus, Omhavehnessyicee eee cess see aa ee eee eer 2228 255062 saoiubolas(Gunthen)=ssesssessseee ees scene = eee eee ee 2228 2557; hastatus-Girardlrs2% sons nose erie ee ean oe ier ete eto ee 2229 2558: oceanicusballasneesce sees cas stones oe oe ee eee ate eaa ae 2230 Subgenus Lythrypnus, Jordan & Evermann .-.-...-.---.------.-----.--- 2230 | 2559 idailli-Gulbertasess see caesarean tease a botle de Sees tis ee 2230 Genus 814. Garmannia, Jordan & Evermann .......:--...------..--...-- 2231 Subgenus) Garmannia 222-2 se ae eee mee see ee ee ae ee eee 2232 2560. paradoxa (Gunther) 5-222. o-s on oe see eee eee eee eee eee 2232 2561. hemigymna (Kigenmann & Eigenmamn) --.-....---.--.----.--.- 2233 Subgenus Enypnias, Jordan & Evermann .........-..--- » iaeenge seems 2233 2562. seminuda (Gunther) assess sc oneness cee eae eed a Sees sae eee ae 2233 Genus ‘815. -A-waous, Steindachner=22222--=2 >see - 24S eee. eee eee 2234 2563.’ flavus (Cuvier &iValenciennes) 25-252 -e eee eee eee eee 2235 2564. nelsoni, Evermannes-: ti. sce cose oces coe noe satens Sotee cee 2235 2565. taiasica, (Lichtenstein) 2teseese cee cose eee] ae eee eee eee 2236 2566.-mexicanus) (Gunther) 22.5 2 as San eee eee ee eee 2237 Genus 816. Bollmannia, Jordan-----.....-..-------- 4) SPORE Spy ba ee 2237 - 2567. ovellata,. Gilbertie. 2-2. 22 Sooo cas sae aetna ee ere 2238 2568. chlamydes, Jordan. --2-- 2. assess see eee sala eee eee ee 2238 2569) macropoma, Gilbert)-2 22.2. s2e-- ss sesase eee ae een 2239 2570. stigmatura, Gilbert j25222s-22ss5s- ses Soe Sea See eee 2239 Genus! 817.-Aboma, Jordan: Scistarks) 2: treo. eee eee eee 2240 257% etheostoma, Jordanié& Starkss-e-co-o2 see eee eee ee ee eee 2240 2572. lucretiz (Eigenmann & Higenmamnn) .... -.-------.-..-.------.- 2241 2573. chiquita (Jenkins & Hvermamn) ..----.---.-----..---:----------- 2241 Genus ‘818. Microgobius, P0ey 222. osessoee seess oe eee eee eee 2242 2574. .culosus (Girard). 2s.<:<22sseeeh =e peace eee eee eos 2243 2575. eulepis, Eigenmann & Eigenmann .....--- BS eee eterna ater 2244 2576. thalassinus: Jordan:& Gilberts--.-ss-eeeeee eee eee eeee ee eee neces 2245 207%. signatus, Poeysisc cs. coscesce ae tes Neen oe eee ees ee ere 2246 Genus 819. Zalypnus Jordan & Evermann.........--.-.----.-.-.- eee 2246 CONTENTS. VII CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CLXXXVIIT. Gobiide—Continued. Page. Bore meyclolepisn( Galbert) assesses seat sane enna Saab odaswcs oh weees 2246 2579 emblematicnss(sordan id. Galbert)\ o>: -242esscee cc acc eo eseca-e 2247 Genuss20shincyclogobinsm Gillie ces cae cama ae elas Senet ose cieisc cls'seste.sclse slees sinjain'e ss cis' 2321 2bobeaMarearitabus; (nichardson) eeerer. ematesallcicieine celles cise cesinet 2322 Genusis6l-Chalassophryne, Gunther - 22 oeres-ss ans snesceee ss econ 2323 ZOoG-mnia CHLOS An GlnG hen erase meen se he ae iate ena eine eiais a sieneie sie steisie 2324 2057. reticulata, Gunther. eee ncnce ce sec oe neces esicicisisacwetces cc ce cise 2325 Genus 862. Deector) Jordan & Evermann.:..-.- 2.22. .2..--2-s-c-cceccccce 2325 26585, 0 OW (OLGA Oat Gril DELO) sater seers oe tis wmieiain a erereicnmiele elo oe 2325 SUBORDER RP MENORURRY Glen cemerma one sano nes nme nae anise niot ascites icicle sae 2326 Bamily [CXC O TNC SG ODtC8 OCU Ss o.oo mo mipie pinin a Si os wei siai= alae) Spo bielsisiore ia /S=2 = 5/2 ara 2326 Genus'663> Canlarchus) Gill seete tp eee asinine = acne asses see ceisece ceases 2327 2659s Mcanarncust (Girard) eaosceseseteoneo eae cenasrineseenceceeemcics 2328 Genus 864. Brysseteres, Jordan & Evermann.......-...--.-------------- 2328 a ZoG0sepinmi cer (Gilpert) ie anna seer seers oneal seeleieictes ate stele 2328 Genusi865.7Gobiesox, Lacépede= a. ane. ese a ae se pected ce ai aiei=iee = ies 2329 Subgenus Bryssophilus, Jordan & Evermann......-------.-.---------- 2330 266l-qpapillifen: Gaillberty-c ccc so-so saci e neo see acineeacte noe 2330 Subgenus Gobiesox.-.-.....---. eee eee PACU AS as seme mene: tet 2331 2662.Veyrinus;, Jordan 6c Hy ermann ~~. -20—-—-2 =n sl 22 =s0 ene cs 2331 Dosw oripmninn (Peters) esaseece sss oee aoe ee eee kine asec se eeee 2331 2H64 i GEDA S MACS p CAO rae tscice= oe Seine) tek cieiceeenceianisame soe 2332 ZOCD wLOOesWwiCharlsOM2 = sea oceseis sere ele tes eta aawcansicec cece 2333 ZOCE MSULEMOSUS COPE eater ceca sceseans pacae ounce sceckeseceaectcene 2335 2667-ovircatolus,dordan da1Galberbeassectssece nc oe ccces tect ay isa. sine 2333 2668" adustus, Jordan! & Gilberts... eas. -4--coseseseck =e ccccins ss ee 2334 2669. funebris, Gilbert..........-.-- eee ncn aaestis hee caracesoeaeenee 2334 2670. peecilophthalmus, Jenyns .....--.....-- ae alee ene ate ale aeerate 2385 Bie PH OdOs p11 Us GM bheIMe eases oe se cate eee seat accstieccinades anes 2335 20f2 eMlAChO pun alms. Gunther eens ee eee ete ssl eisosese cles ===> 2335 201d mCOLAsINUS COPE cee rceee seem cles msccseecaice cee ce aatocateeer 2336 Subgenus sicyases, Muller é& ‘Troschelesas>-c22+-5--0s2---e-2>--20-=- 2336 26/4 enyihropsoLrdan é&) Galberbecs sce seca eeiseciee as se aisc- cesses 2336 26/DemU DISINOSDs) (POOY esas ee semi ol-s Jae Gibbonsta © 0opeiesesea- toe oe see ence see eee ee aerate 2351 2689s evides (J ord am coi GilbD6rb)/ses-aees 2 selec eae eae eee 2352; 2869 ABW, Olean (COD) Sn soeaosceceseaadbeacdatosebscsesunsseeconsesss 2353 Genus 871: Neoelinus) Girard(s--accssesoct nee se eset epee eee 2354 Syl iy gern S GCOS ISS oe Seon aos sen onsekEceSsoos seassoocdacss SSemacegoue 2354 2691 blanchardi; Girard|-2225 4-5-0. oon see = ete 2354 Subgenus) bteropnathusy Girard s-=.--e sees sesee eee nee eee eee 2395 WOOD SaLITICUS | Gilards ccs s- sees mets eee ee sae eee 2355 Genus:8i2. MalacoctenusxGilles2 sas ees gee nee noe sce eg eee eee 2356 26935 ocellatus:(Stemagachnen) essasseee seer beeen 2356; 2869 PAE, We) (WOE) Goose osenere sa asoS ose pooss ss cbaesdaeseescossctoce 2357 2690 PIMACTOPUSi (IE, OCY)) | tela no taste te ee eel ee Sine ie ee ee a 2357 2696: lugubris (Poy) s2<-c2 .s=<2en sees 2- ent oe sae eee eee a 2B) 2697 clllid (Steindachner): --csace seen ae ee ee = eee eee 2358 2698. bimaculatus (Steindachner) ---- - plpteukiacdeteateataks eet aeaee 2358 2699. delalandi (Cuvier & Valenciennes) --...-..--.:--------<------<- 2358 2100 VeLSicOlLOTs (eh OCY) seer saeiseea eee ee eee eee eee eee ee 2359 2101 bisuttatus, (Cope)ieesesssseeea= ae eee nee ee eee ee eee 2360 Genusi873) Labrisomus, Swainson as-—sseseee ocr oes ee see eee See ee ee 2360 2702. herminier (le Sueuk) co. : .20000-7 77775 Sb oeail, Subgenus Lipophrys, Galleeeeea= ae ee eae ecm cs 2378 2724. carolinus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) ----------------------7"---7 "> 2378 2725. fucorum, Cuvier & Valenciennes ------------------5077 077777077 2379 2726. stearnsi, Jordan & (Cail nen baeee eee ears aioe oo a ites 2379 9797. favosus, Goode & Bean.--------------- 22-2259 2380 2728. pilicornis, Guvier & Valenciennes---.--------------2-77 7777777" 2380 O7OG) anMOLeUs LOC Yee 2 =o -eneaaaiaose oor a ae ar 1) pl 2381 9730. truncatus (Poey)-----------22--222- nee 2381 OTA ETAICHUS LOGY eee scones see ea eens Se ce wee Gt an ace 2382 9732, cristatus, Linneus --<-----9-- 22-9 == <= 9s ee ee 2382 Genus 885. Scartella, ord ates ae eee ores emma ocr aa 2384 9793. microstoma (PCy) -----=- === -—2 2 2384 Genus 886. Hypleurochilus, (Gi ee ean oe ieee aie 2385 2734. geminatus (Wo0d) -.------------2--20r er eoee tee 2385 Genus 887. Hypsoblennius, Gill.-.-----------------0rors rr 2386 Subgenus Hypsoblenmius -.-.---------------7- rn 7r ree 2386 2735. gilberti GiondRiilocnate as eree a seen ag ns aap lea 2386 9736. gentilis (Girard) .-----------------2-07-7ereoree nnn 2387 9737. striatus (Steindachner) --------------------7-95 00st 2388 9738. ionthas (Jordan & Gilbert). ------------------209-s 5900 2388 DT AON Hentz (ue, SUCUL)) se s< == aec ear acs Gee eae ih Ao 2390 Subgenus Blenniolus, Jordan & Hvermamn ------------------7-7-7-777 77 2390 9740. brevipinnis (Gtinther)---.----------------77er rote 2390 Genus 888. Chasmodes, Cuvier & Valenciennes -----------------"7777777" 2391 2741. jenkinsi (Jordan & Evermann).--------------+7--- 700770077 2391 2742. quadrifasciatus (WiOOd)) Baa eee eee ne enema aaa 2392 9743. saburre, Jordan & Gilbert ---------------++--50rrrerr en 2392 9744. novemlineatus (W004) -----------------2r error r rrr 2393 2745. bosquianus (Lacépéde)..--------------2--0-n errr 2394 Genus 889. Homesthes, Gilbert -.--.------2---2--sr20--n rns 2394 7AGh eanlopus, Gilbert. -s2s-=2-s-e-- ranean essa toss 2394 Genus 890. Scartichthys, Jordan & Evermann ..-.------------------7777> 2395 2747. rul ropunctatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) - ---- Soe oe 2396 ‘Genus 891. Rupiscartes, RAINS OLS oecee teen ee aac niccn setae oa 7 2396 2748. atlanticus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). -----------------°-°7777777" 2397 Genna 892, Entomacrodus, Gill-.-------2----=---r2e-scc0-n rer 2397 2749. chiostictus (Jordan & illb@nt) eese eee eae rr eos 2398 2750. margaritacenus (Poey) ---------------- Petey un or ace cee reeee Suni. deedralun, POCy, j.-¢------52-47--- one acee7 2729 2399 XII CONTENTS. CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CC. Blenniide—Continued. Page. 2752. nigricams, Gill. -..---.------------ 2-2-2 e eee e eee e ener eee cee 2399 Genus 893. Salariichthys, Guichenot ....-..---------------++-++-------+---- 2400 2753. textilis (Quoy & Gaimard).-....-.------------+---+---+--+----7- 2400 Genus 894. Ophioblennius, Gill ....--------.--------+------+---2--22260-2- 2400 9754. webbii (Valenciennes) ------.------------------+-+-----+--+-+---++5 2401 2755. steindachneri, Jordan & Evermann.....--.-.------------------ 2401 Genus 895. Emblemaria, Jordan & Gilbert.---.-.------------------------ 2401 2756. atlantica, Jordan & Evermann........-.------.--------------+- 2402 2757. nivipes, Jordan & Gilbert..------...--------------------------- 2402 9758. oculocirris, Jordan: ---..------ 20-0. cs. nen ne eise none nnn ae 2403 Genus 896. Cheenopsis, Gill. .-..-------..-----------------+-- 225-2 - seer ee 2403 2759. ocellatus, Poey.-----------.---2--- 2-2-2 e cee eens enn e enn eee 2403 Genus 897. Lucioblennius, Gilbert...---.--..---------.----------------:- 2404 2760, alepidotus: Gilbert < 22-2 -s-2- neem eee eel mini ge aise 2404 Genus 898. Pholidichthys, Bleeker -.-.-.-- Ee aiata as eee eee ae enna 2405 2761. anguilliformis, Lockington...-......---------------+------s--e02 2405 Genus 899. Psednoblennius, Jenkins & Evermann..-.-..----------------- 2406 2762. hypacanthus, Jenkins & Evermann..----.--------------------- 2406 Genus/900. Stathmonotus, Beane ea. 2 22. sees = 2 arn mse mentee > on (= ate mleleln let =i 2407 2763.) Nenwp hie ane see eee eee soe a ate a ote ede ae lala ae alia leet 2407 Genus 901. Bryostemma, Jordan & Starks......-..--.----.------+------ 2408 2764. polyactocephalum (Pallas) .--....-.-.----- 2-0-2 -.e-5---s0--0- 2408 2765. nugator, Jordan & Williams...-......-.-.---..-.-..- of Sasser 2410 Genus1902eApodichthiys:¢Gravrd ac yeesta etete ote arate oe las etal 2411 2166s dlavidus GArard. O22 lols Aeisinaisteiae fe eee sinister eie seers 2411 ZITO PUMiVvAthAitS wl0 Ck bON) sase a= ae eee eet ele nee iaereiare -- 2412 Genus 903. Xererpes, Jordan & Gilbert..--...-.---.-----.2-----------< 2413 2168s tucormm (dj ordanyde| Gil bert) snes ee ee a aie eee ae ear 2413 Genus'904.-UlvicolasGuilbertectes-seses cer coces cece cetera neecoe nce eae 2413 2769 .sanctes-rosie, Gilbert crstarks) per eee eee a= Sensei ters 2413 Genusi005-seholis:(Gronow) SCopolite-pee-eemeee fase eae eee ee ee 2414 Subgenus Urocentris; Kner! ea. secon n= ose ces ene aaa ee eee eee ae 2415 TOs PICbUSK((RMER) |e eee erareiefeene -a e ee aaeee ee eine ree ters astatets 2415 Subgenus Rhodymenichthys, Jordan & Evermann. -..-..-.--.-.-------- 2416 Ae cdowechorvasten: (alll gs) sees ee enseee eee see eee eee eae 2416 Subgenus Pholiss2- 2 S22 2202s ae cece ees ences se anes aren sarees 2417 Zige. tasciatus (Blochvé& Schnelden)essccs ao seccieeee ane ene see ee eee 2417 ania. gunnellus.((uinneus) es. ce een nee nee eee eee 2419 2174: ornatust (Girard): Beas - casinos ace cere adeeeeee aoc enee eee aeee 2419 Genus/906"Gunnellops; Bleeker=<2.-5--2o-es--sesa2 ae eee eee eee 2420 201d. TLOSOUS |(eallas) ic emoew cee oo sess craae ee ae een sce eer eae neeeee 2420 Genus) 907. -Asternopteryx, Riuppell 22 .eceesss eee eee ee ee eee eee 2420 2776. -cunnelliformis; Ruppellassses--seeees sees eee See e erat ee eee eee 2420 Genusi908- A noplarchus)- Gills) to seen aaonesene case e sere eee eee 2421 Iie, AULO PULL P ULE US) CEI bbb 2) n= ne ee eee nee ee 2422; 2869 Genus 908(a):; Alectrias, Jordan & Mvermann--_------2--2 242 eeee-e eee 2869 mie. alectrolophus) (dailllas)/tsseese oe eee ee ee ee 2421; 2869 Genus!909" Xaphistes; jordan) é& Starks so-seseeeeeeee ee aan see 2423 a9. UlVvEe, cordan & Starksces sentence sees ee eee 2423 27802. Ghinus!(dsordan: cwiGil bert) access seee sete eeee eee eee 2424 Genns!9105 xaphidion; Girard =.=. =. -eeee ee eee eee eee eee eee 2424 2(8l. miucosums Girard: <<. 2 sssso os he eee eee eee ee ee ee 2425 2182... rupestre (sordan’ & Gilbert)ne-.os- see eeee eee ee ee eee 2426 Genneloll(Cebedichthys) Acyresss.5-cese saan se eee eee ee eee 2426 alsa. violaceus: Ayres)! =2s2.525~s2.\sa-0 se. See ee eee eee 2427 Genns)9127 Plagioprammmus,Bean=-2-- 0.2) seca e ese eee e eee ee eee eee 2427 CONTENTS. XIII CLASS IIT. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family OC. Blenniide—Continued. Page. 9784. hopkinsi, Beall ------------s.--2ce-~ mer rnne ceo css sateen ere ccc: 2428 Genus 913. Opisthocentrus, Kner....-----------+-+-+--+0sertetctr rrr 2498 92785. ocellatus (‘Tilesius)..--<----------------------2 0722-5 ccro rrr 2429 Genus 914. Pholidapus, Bean & Bean...--------+----2--++-2 222 r rrr rrrr 2430 2786. dybowskii (Steindachner). -----------------22-+esrerr strc retro 2430 Genus 915. Plectobranchus, Gilbert..--------------++-22+crserescerettr ee 2431 9787. evides, Gilbert .---.---------== -e--90 = 22-92 ere nner n nese erence n= 2432 Genus 916. Leptoclinus, Gill-.------------------+-2----o sre rerrron nse 2432 2788. maculatus (Fries) .-----------------22eo rete r tre 2433 Genus 917. Poroclinus, Bean. -...-----------------22r0t rr rtrr tr 2433 9789. rothrocki, Bean .----------------------+--2--2 5220 r errs 2434 Genus 918. Lumpenus, Reinhardt ------------------------+++2-- 72000777" 2435 Subgenus Anisarchus, Gill .---------------+-r22eeereerts sete rr ett 2435 9790. medius (Reinhardt) ..---------------------- see rr etter 2435 Subgenus Lumpenus ------------<-----+--0-207-s recor ne reccnseen@ ene 2436 2791. anguillaris (Pallas)..---.---------------sercccrr renee 2436 2792. mackayi (Gilbert).-----------------------scer erect tt sterner nn 2436 2793. fabricii (Cuvier & Valenciennes) -------------------+-2-7757-77- 2437 2794. lampetreformis (Walbaum)...---------------+---- +000 r ooo oro 2438 Genus 919. Stichzus, Reinhardt .------.-------------+++--25 srr rc tereen 2439 2795. punctatus (Fabricius) .---------------++2eree reste rtr errr 2439 Genus 920. Ulvaria, Jordan & Evermann.-------------+--+----250e500 70" 2440 2796. subbifurcata (Storer) -----------------222-- terete ete 2440 Genus 921. Eumesogrammus, Gill -...-----------+--22-2cerccr tren eter 2441 2797. precisus (Kréyer)----------+-+---22--r seer netet entrees renee 2441 Family COI. Cryptacanthodid@e .-.--------------+--2re err ser tecrns seer nn n= 2442 Genus 922. Delolepis, Bean ..----------------------22srer cr rrr creer 2442 2798. virgatus, Bean ---.-------- Fe ee eee nea otetale eieinin lata talatm onlin i= 2442 Genus 923. Cryptacanthodes, Storer .--------------------+25 222-2007 07 77- 2443 2799. maculatus, Storer ---.-----------------2---2 022-20 er rrr ern 2443 Genus 924. Lyconectes, Gilbert .---.-------------2-+r--errrtsctcre errr 2444 2800. aleutensis, Gilbert ...-.-.---------------2- eer reer rete t ttt 2444 Family OCII. Anarhichadid@r ...-.----+---------csenere ssc csr teecc scenes 2445 Genus 925. Anarhichas (Artedi) Linnwus-------------------++--+-+25+---- 2445 9801. latifrons, Steenstrup & Hallgrimsson ---.-----------------+----- 2446 9802. minor, Olafsen....-------------+--0-- 22 nono seer n nn res eenen 2446 2803. lupus, Linneus ..-.------------------ 22 cree ences cre coc ens 2446 2804. lepturus, Bean --.-------------------++s2ecrorstter rinses creer e: 2447 2805. orientalis, Pallas ...----------------------2-2e corse errr 2447 Genus 926. Anarrhichthys, Ayres .------------------+serrercrr ttt sere 2447 9806. ocellatus, Ayres.----------------2-+---0 7-2-2 e rere rer rrr 2448 Family OOIII. Oerdalidee -..-.------++----2---2-+-sor mene neccet tenn ncnene- 2448 Genus 927. Cerdale, Jordan & Gilbert -----------------------++reer2+-7-- 2448 2807. ionthas, Jordan & Gilbert..-------------------+---+err cert erro 2449 Genus 928. Microdesmus, Giinther-. .-.------------+----++-+52- 2205000007 2450 2808. dipus, Giinther.....--------------------22-0ore corer ernest e 2450 2809. retropinnis, Jordan & Gilbert....--.-------------++--++5--0---- 2450 Family OOIV. Ptilichthyide: ....-..--------- 2220-072 222eece nent ences seen es 2451 Genus 929. Ptilichthys, Bean...-----------------+-----s2ererrrr tr 2452 9810; 200d el) BEAM nee enmc = ramen amon cme eG ome 2452 Group Ophidioidea .-..-..------------+--2-00- 222-27 er rennet errr 2453 Family OOV. Scytalinider .......-=.----+---c22ec renee nec eteen en te neee tect © 2453 Genus 930. Scytalina, Jordan & Gilborteece tecee sens at ae= =e e= = a's <1 2454 9811. cerdale, Jordan & Gilbert .--.-------------+-----22r0r rr rrr tr 2454 Family COVI. Zoarcide.....-----------=%--8- 2282s n nese ener 2455 Genus'931. Zoarces, Gill ...0.5 62-2. 02 esse renee meee r messes renee: 2456 XIV _ CONTENTS. 5 CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. OrpER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CCVI. Zoarcide—Continued. Page. Subgenus Macrozoarces, Gill..---------------- 22-2 eee e eee e reer t tren n: 2457 9312. anguillaris (Peck) ---------------------+ 222-97 + 222020 r snore 2457 Genus 932. Embryx, Jordan & Evermann ..---------------++------------> 2458 ‘ 9813. crassilabris (Gilbert) -----.------------------ 2-2-2 2s treet terre 2458 29814. crotalinus (Gilbert) ------------- Bal ok Bae ee ere eee eee 2458 Genus 933. Lycodopsis, Collett..-------------------+-+-+2+--- 2222207727 77- 2460 2815. pacificus (Collett). --..------------ +--+ +2202 e222 er eee nese nes 2460 Genus 934. Aprodon, Gilbert..---------.-------------+ 2-252-227-5220 5-0: 2460 2816. cortezianus, Gilbert ..:-.--------------------+------------------ 2461 Genus 935. Lycodes, Reinhardt - -------------------------- eRe eer 2461 Subgenus Lycodes .....-...---------=----------- eos eetn rete sn ee 2463 9817. .esmarkii: Collette: 2--2-c0- 22 ces === one se oa oe imc eee 2463 ogee van Remuargbes=-5-sterec === == 12 SR eae eee eee 2463 2819. concolor, Gill & Townsend --.---------------------------------:- 2463 2820. zoarchus, Goode & Bean.-..--------------------------+----------- 2464 9891. reticulatus, Reinhardt..-----.---.-+-25-- - 2-22) + 22-2 enn = 2465 2822. perspicillum, Kroyer ------------------------ Jouas eerie a aemetee 2465 2823. frigidus, Collett .-.---.-------------------------+--+-+--+++-+---- 2465 OR04= Perrse-Nov2e., COll@bt seis cs= eee oe ele ee a 2466 2825. digitatus, Gill & Townsend...-.-...-----.-------.------------- 2466 2826. palearis, Gilbert.....-.-----------------------------+----------- 2466, DOD Te DROV UP OSs tes Cassa aise ele le ee eet ae Sieeeeee - 2467 Subgenus Lycias, Jordan & Evermann..-.-.--.------------------------ 2468 ORS ane bu loses chi OVOL-s mance sees eae eer eee nee ee eee 2468 JOON SEMIN US wh eIMn ALG be see aaeee eae sel eee eee Ree ee 2468 Genus 936 sbycodalepis, Bleeker= <= <- a. erie scale te ian = mela cei aimee 2468 PARI juolemens) (SEONG) ssac se dasetecee Scoecascescnoceedseaascss=seasce 2468 PIB Ue Gane whey (aokoiPhxs CMON patos Shoe eaeseadeacapoobe docousected= esac. 2470 Grenus 937 -elycenehe lysis Gill ects mare mete ae ee ae eee 2470 D839 >- "5" - . 2631 2999. albiguttus, Jordan & Guilbertcees noe ee ee eae ae ero 2631 3000. ‘oblongus (AV rel itt ease seers see ODS IEE SS os Seo ia 2632 Genus 1025. Ramularia, J ordam & Evermann ..------------------+70°°7"" 2633 nih dideaidsinca (Gilbertjes.ea2-e- 99. 2--a-"- 2225S te eee 2633 Genus 1026. Ancylopsetta, (iil es see eens eee ere en scare 2634 3002. quadrocellata, Gill... --.----------+----0ccrr renter 2634 Genus 1027. Notosema, Goode & Bean------------==---=-----95 5597-795" 2635 3003. dilectum, Goode & Bean. ..-----------+-----0rrrr7 rrr 2635 Genus 1028. Gastropsetta, B. A. TS eee eee een ee eile 2636 a00d frontalis; Ac Beam <-22-------22-- a2 =e mein ose ns a ey 2636 Genus 1029. Pleuronichthys, Garand eee eecnee = serine nna eee 2637 3005. decurrens, Jordan & (@ilberte ee cseesae 2 eae s e 2637 3006. verticalis, Jordan & Gilbert -------------2-----20e-s 0 2638 AID TE CORMOSUSAGHIraAn le cee eee sete ae ores sore te einer 2638 Genus 1030. Hypsopsetta, Gill -.--------------2- 2-7-2 sce reese 2639 9008: euttolata (Girard): .-.----------2ee-s22ocssrescmer cer 2639 @amasils\. baroplirys, Girard. 1 --\.--S-5--P denser 2640 apugenvetulus, Girard. -->~- 5-22-22 asen = se 2640 Genus 1032. Inopsetta, Jordan & GiGSS lee eee eee aerer a= ssee sacs 2641 3010. ischyra (Jordan & Gilbert) .-.--------------2---20eeere 2641 Pams 10380 Enopsetis, lockingtons.---- --a-cm-sse-ssce"r conor 2642 3011. isolepis (Lockington) ---------------------r-7s rrr 2642 ‘Genus 1034. Lepidopsetta, (lee Sree eee renee eens one . 2642 Agios Pilinbata CAyIOs) 22 2-s225-2-= ea aen-- =e seen Te 2643 Genus 1035. Limanda, Goltschor Gorse sean eee eee os sae ao eae 2644 3013. ferruginea (Storer) .---------------2-=---20sr enone 2644 3014. aspera (Pallas) ------------- Bee eee erase aas = eae as 2645 3015. proboscidea, GRID RRE ener eee ssc aes 2645 Faiged nantly Godin seas-- = Aan are sesame ase sear ST age TT 2646 Genus 1036. Pseudopleuronectes, Blocker meserce --eaas—n aor 2- 2 oes oe 2646 3017. americanus (Walbaum) -------2-------222c72cee ese 2647° 3018. pinnifasciatus ERR OE eo ee seer: eee ne 2647 Genus 1037. Pleuronectes (Artedi) Linneus -----------------7700707707077 2648 3019. quadrituberculatus, lee ee esas ole sisal ins ooo 2648 xX CONTENTS. CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. OrprER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family COXIX. Pleuronectide —Continued. Page. Genus 1038. Liopsetta, Gill .-...------------------ se cece errr renner cree cen: 2649 3020. glacialis (Pallas).....-..--------2--s0+ce rere er essen rte e cence 2649 3021. putnami (Gill) .....-..---2-----22-- +210 eens ee enn ener nner e nee 2650 3022. obscura (Herzenstein)..----.--------------- 222222222 coer eee 2651 Genus 1039. Platichthys, Girard ..--..-------------+-+---+-+-+----------- 2651 3023. stellatus (Pallas) .....-----.--------------+ --2+----------------- 2652 Genus 1040. Microstomus, Gottsche...----------------------------------- 2653 3024. kitt (Walbaum) ..--.--.-..----.00------------e2ee=2 25 ---2---- == 2654 3025. pacificus (Lockington) ----.---------------------++--++++-+------ 2655 Genus 1041. Embassichthys, Jordan & Evermann ..-..-.----------------- 2655 3026. bathybius (Gilbert) .....-..---------------------------+--+-+--- 2655 Genus 1042. Glyptocephalus, Gottsche..-.-------------------------------- 2656 3027. cynoglossus (Linneus)..----------------------+--++++e+---------- 2657 3028. zachirus, Lockington..-.--.-.---------------------------------- 2658 Genus 1043. Lophopsetta, Gill ......---------------------------+----+---- 2659 3029. maculata (Mitchill) 2-22 --.- 2... cnc eecnsee once === =~ sme 2660 Genus 1044. Platophrys, Swainson.-.....--....--------------------------- 2660 | RIBS Gyan) (020i) eeeaase sees ae scosuonseecosasospcoscobdaascacssce 2662 3031: constellatus: dOrd ame oc = eo sale oo <1a)o cles wine teeta ee eer 2663 3032. ocellatus (A:gassiz) ~~... 22 esos oe ee eee eee ne meena = 2663 3083.’ maculifer (Poey) -...--------.---22----- 20 none -nene === se == 2664 30S4-, el lip teGus (EOBY)) ma asee ieee siete ate atet= aie ma ale a leet tee 2665 S35 ye rea ea a pS (CLM US) eee mee eel mete ate at ee 2665 SOUSGs 1 COP ALO UNITS 9 ( Gem N) fe ee ae se al a al wal 2666 Genus 1045. Perissias, Jordan & Evermann....- Wid oes see eet eee ees 2667 3037. teontopberus\(Galbent) laser ee = een ee eee eee 2667 Genus 1046. Engyophrys, Jordan & Bollman .........------------------- 2668 3038. sancti-laurentit, Jordan & Bollman <--.----------coce ee ee eee 2668 Genusi0475 Erighopsevian Galle sea serene ema eeee meee 30322668 $039. ventralis (Goode & Bean). -.-..--25.-2-/-2-----.- ae catsiee Sass Be 2669 Genus0485 Syacium, Ranzanisscs-cesee Sareea scene == aaa eee eee 2670 3040: papillosum (inne US) ies esate ae te is ee ee ee eee ree 2671 3041. microrum; Ranzanios- es cceces cena ee aee eeee ae eee ees 2672 3042: latifrons ((Jiordan! é& Gilbert): oss = 2 coe mee een ee eee 2673 3043: ovale. (Giinther) aisttcae-tec 2 hes cee ceca soe ose seer e meer ences 2674 Genus10495 Cy clopsebta, Galli secon seca ae ee eee ee ee eee eee 2675 3044. querna(Jordani 6: Bollman)*<-----.se-n- = 4-3o- sass eeee eee eee 2675 3045: chittendeni,, B.A Beans: 255.0520. 26. eclogite aeons 2676 30467) fim briata\(Goodelé& Bean) a 22-scce-s ees e2s eee eee eee ee eeeeee 2676 Genus050°) Aveyia, sOrdans -as-5-5= --sessee sess ae een ee ee eee elke: 2677 3047. panamensis (Steindachner):--..---<- -.--+s.ssesesues eeeee Se 2677 Genus 1051. Citharichthys, Bleeker.-....-.-.-- fc ciaisielee ola) eee eee eee 2678 Subgenus! Orthopsetta, (Gilt -- 2-32 32s acre cece epee eee eee eee 2679 3048; ‘sordidusi(Girand) 522-2 eesc aso ce eee ese ee eee EE eae 2679 3049) fragilis) Gilbert '<<..c ot sce cineca 2680 3050) xanthostigmus; Gilbert 2.22-5..--4-----eessee sete see eee 2680 3051. stigmeus, Jordan: & iGalberts.~- 4-5 24-e 2- 2 ee eee ee eee 2681 Subgenus Citharichthys!-.-2--- - 2 ss-).-seeheceseee eee eee eee eee eee 2682 3052: dinoceros, Goode & Bean'...- sce -seeeseces ase eee eee eee 2682 3053; platophrys; Gilbert::s--o-sen=---saeeeeenene De use eee 2683 3054. arctifrons, Goodenscs:)iece sechedeeee eae core ee eee 2683 3055. unicornis, Goode ......--... (ess caer nee eee ateeee Seeee eee 2683 3056; uhleri;, Jordan. == 2::"*--- 5-115") ae 2723 a104, nattingii, Gatman.--<--2<-2c>-"22> 15° oe 2723 3105. multiocellatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) --------------777777777" 2724 s100: radiosus; Garman e----cfe0-=- "7-71 -a" 9 mene 2725 Genus 1062. Chaunax, TQ WO oe mas One = ache Senile en oar alr 2726 S107, picbus, LOWG-.-------"----*=---2-75°07 700 oy api 2726 e108 manttingll, Gasman ----s>=>-<------2c-hcr 720 oe ani nae 2727 Family OOKMILL Osratiide 0. .22-22-n0-52*-* "5005" 2 a ee 2727 Genus 1063. Ceratias, Kr0yer--+-~-s225-*- "72-7" 2729 3109) Nolbolly KrOyor- ---<==--2--->-"-2-nc cara cares ene 2729 Genus 1064. Mancalias, Gullo eee cee oe lomcieinee = pon cialea 2729 1102 uranoscopus (Murray) ----2-<»--*7:2--95>2"5 > Very aes eee 2729 Std whuteldti (Gill) .--22--<-== =9-sc8- Dias c dae catnee cmtalete eee 2731 Genus 1066. Oneirodes, Thutkente.. aswee sense eminem aise a Sees 2732 iis) eserichtil, luutken+----.--2--------"r"5o0°o 77-0 nee ee 2732 Genus 1067. Himantolophus, Reinhardt. -2-=-----=-=---9-~~=-=-snoGooas 2732 3114. greenlandicus, Reinhard ts --co5- 0222 ssc0° sca ae 2733 Genus 1068. Corynolophus, Goi ote een = tals ioe see 2733 115 reinhardti (Litken) -------<----------<-"5-:° °°" “oe Ge aes 2733 Genus 1060. Wiocetus, Gunther ---3---< (-s2 soon -c5 "5 “nso as ert eee 2733 3116. murrayi (Gunther) 2s.252----°ere- race cece aaah oe 2733 Genus 1070. Linophryne; Collett: --= =< nas5 2° cose 595-7995 ee 2734 ange laciter: Collette st es. <9-4-4-=-re= =k coer noc r Vcc cna ia nea 2734 Genus 1071. Caulophryne, Goode & Beals lec ose ce dace eee eee 2734 3118. jordani, Goode & Bean ..---------+--27rrcessr rrr 2738 Family CCXXIV. Ogcocephalid@. .-.-= =.= 2 <--n2- 3-02 nn nse nae 2735 Genus 1072. Ogeocephalus, Fischer ----.-------2- 2-00 55 09999755 2736 3119. vespertilio (Linn2us) .--.------7--2-0=2-2°>""S95s55 sae 2737 5120, nasutus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) --------+--------25505 79999955" 2737 S101. radiatus (Match) sec e meine laa aca 2738 Genus 1073. Zalieutes, Jordan & Eyermann. .----«--20--<6--2=- 0 -==s 2738 3129. elater (Jordan & Gilbert)..---.-----------+errssteerent sere 2738 Genus 1074. Halieutichthys, Poey------ <--------em sooo oars 5 a aaa 2739 3123. aculeatus (Mitchill)...-------------+-----220222777777" S33 aa 2739 2194, caribbeus, Garman..----------------2--257777* eines) see se eee 2741 Genns 1075. Halieutewa, Cuvier & Valenciennes. -----------=------=-""" 9" 2741 3125. spongiosa, Gilbert.-----------------2e- see ccntsn ner 2741 Genus 1076. Halieutella, Goode & Bean 2-20 seen sec aeee seen eee eee 2742 3126. lappa, Goode & Bean ....-------------2--2000 sere 2742 Genus 1077. Dibranchus, Peters..------------- 2-2 29m ee asa 2743 3197. atlanticus, Peters ---.---------<-09- -= 2 =< eeren nn nnessaca sans 2743 LIST JOF INEW NAMES: The following is a list of the new generic, subgeneric, specific, and sub- specific names which appear as new in Part III of the present work: Page. SIC vOIMM vANcente; eo OLd an & PVELMANN semarccreec cs cas eace sees assacce=sascemcis c's 2207 Hnypniss, Easoeeaens. 2812 Silepvonusm ason Gl Dornice eIersonliceseeee seek rise oe one sate cae see eh ene cict cee 2813 BLolephoris stacker, GalbertécePlerson!2 22s canes acces easne cance t\-eecseccesecines oa 2813 Ceteneranlisiengyanen Gilberb dé cPiers0l see 4o22< fe ae Hee aice a clmeee peceetnaease ces 2815 AVEOVEDN OMIA ALAC AUS TOCONOLA estos sess see eee o nee se cee ealaere cbicineecicneeasccce 2817 Osmerusralbanossis sordan a Gull berbecsas- sssee esc noc ss edee se ~ taco hac. Selnclscese 2823 Baiiylacis miller) ordant& Gilbert sees. seetcseccuescecesce «sence cqcee.e-cce nese 2825 XXIII XXIV LIST OF NEW NAMES, Page. Zaphotias, Goode & Bean....-.------------------ +22 222 een erence erence eet ce ens: 2826 Characodon garmani, Jordan & Evermann ..----.----.-------------+++-++++rer ree ee: 2831 Siphostoma sinalow, Jordan & Starks...---.----------------+--+-+-+++2-e recess eee 2838 Rhynchias, Gill .....--.----.-------.-- 2-2 eee e eee ec ee ee eee een ere eee ener ene enn 2841 Oligoplites mundus, Jordan & Starks ..-----------+----------- +--+ 2022-2 cree sere ee 2844 Hemicaranx zelotes, Gilbert..-..---.-------------sece ee eee e ee nee ee en en eee ne een 2845 Ulocentra meadie, Jordan & Evermann.......-----.------++----------- eee eee 2852 Lobotes pacificus, Gilbert ......--.------------- + +222 22 eee ee eee nee eee eee eee cee 2857 Porocottus bradfordi, Rutter: ---..--. 2.26.5. 2-6 ence cee Selo eee eae eree eae eats 2862 Sigmistes Rutter.......-.-.-.--------------- 22-0 eee ee ene na en nee ween nese ane 2863 Siemistes caulias, Rutter ------.- 2.022052. cccece nnen ne none a= 9 nance eee ssese mes o= 2863 Crystallichthys, Jordan: & Gilbert.-.---.--.. 2.5. -2--0- onsen e -- oe een nnn eae 2864 Crystallichthys mirabilis, Jordan & Gilbert..-.--..-..--.--------seceno-----cenen= 2865 AINE Ctes) OTA ANNs EA VOTM ANT Hana) spaletalalolotaisisiovers cle stelle ainlale [elael= alate ae Se eee 2866 Progenurus) Jordan Fiver mann ce cee seas soci eis eeielecio eo oteiereleceteiee ee eee eerie 2866 Propnurus.cypsclurus, vordan dc) GIbeLt. sei. -\-iscic coe sats cininies ene eee ee sae eee ee eee eee - 2871 Flammeo, Jordan & Evermann -..-..-.....-..-----« eiefatete oom atelier 2871 Paralichthys magdalenxe, cA bbObtss--c <0 <2.c- > scseee ese en nee eee ae ee eee ae 2872 Paralichthys sinalow; jordan dé Abbott)...-.0-+--cesse-sssneckocetaseeeemenenee ---- 2872 THE FISHES OF NOKIM AND MEDDLE AMERICA. BY DAVID STARR JORDAN AND BARTON WARREN EVERMANN. RAR Why, PREFATORY NOTE. This volume is the third of a descriptive catalogue of the fishes and fish-like vertebrates of North and Middle America. For the sake of greater completeness the marine fishes of the Galapagos Islands and the South American coast north of the equator have been included, as all of these are sure, sooner or later, to be found within our limits. For the same reason the few species known from Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands are included as a part of the fauna of the Alaskan Sea. The pagination and the numbering of the species, genera, and higher groups are continuous throughout the three parts. Part I, Branchiostomatide to Priacanthide inclusive (pages 1 to 1240), was published October 3, 1896; Part II, Lutianide to Cephalacanthide inclusive (pages 1241 to, 2183), was published October 3, 1898; and Part III, Callionymide to Ogcocephalide appears on November 26, 1898. Parts I, II, and III have each their own table of contents, while in Part IV (the Atlas) is given a table of contents complete for the entire work and cor- rected to include the Addenda. The present part includes also an artificial key to the families of true fishes, an addendum containing species overlooked or described subse- quently to the publication or casting of the part to which they belong, a glossary of scientific terms, and a general index complete for the entire work. A fourth volume, or Atlas of plates, containing illustrations of one or more species of each of the more important genera, will follow within the year. The preparation of the manuscript for this work was begun by the senior author in 1891. In 1893 the junior author became associated with him, and since then both have given to it such of their time and energy as could be spared from engrossing official duties to which systematic ichthyology bears no relation. . The insertion of the comma between generic and specific names and the authorities for them, as practiced in this publication, is in accordance with the views held by the authorities of the United States National Museum, and does not express the views of the authors of this work. 21830 2184 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Class PISCES—Concluded. Subclass TELEOSTOMI—Concluded. Order BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Conciuded. Group GOBIOIDEA. (THE GOBIES.) Body elongate, variously scaled or naked; head usually large, armed or not, the suborbital ring without a bony stay for the preopercle; gill openings reduced, the membranes attached to the isthmus. Gills 4, a slit behind the last; pseudobranchie present. Ventral rays I, 4 or I, 5, inserted below pectoral, the fins close together or united or widely sepa- rated or otherwise peculiar; dorsal fins separate or united, the first of a few weak spines, sometimes wanting; anal rather long, usually with a single weak spine, similar to soft dorsal; caudal rounded. Usually no air bladder nor pylorie cxca. Vertebrie 24 to 35. Carnivorous bottom fishes, mostly of small size in warm regions, some marine, others of the fresh waters. Two families. a. Ventral fins widely separated; preopercle strongly armed; lateral line present. CALLIONYMID, CLXXXVII. aa. Ventral fins close together, usually united; preopercle with a weak spine or none; no lateral line. GOBIIDA, CLXXXVIII. Family CLXXXVII. CALLIONYMIDZE. (THE DRAGONETS.) Body elongate, naked; head usually broad and depressed; the mouth narrow, the upper jaw very protractile; teeth very small, in jaws only; preopercle armed with a strong spine, which is usually branched. Eyes moderate, usually directed upward. Lateral line present, often dupli- cated. Dorsal fins 2, the anterior with 3 or 4 flexible spines; soft dorsal and anal short, the latter without distinct spine; ventrals I, 5, widely separated from each other; pectoral fins large. Gill openings small, the membranes broadly attached to the isthmus; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; pseudobranchiw present; no air bladder. Vertebrie usually 8+13—21. Small fishes of the shores of warm seas, chiefly of the old world. Allied to the Gobies, but often resembling the Cottide in form. Genera 4, species about 30. (Gobiidw Callionymina, Giinther, Cat. Fishes, III, 138-152. ) a. Ventrals entire, the outer ray not detached; head depressed; gill opening reduced to avery smal] foramen on upper surface of head; lateral line single. CALLIONYMUS, 799. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2185 799. CALLIONYMUS, Linnieus. Callionymus, LINNXUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 249, 1758 (lyra). This genus includes Dragonets with the ventral fins entire, without de- tached ray, the gill opening reduced to a small foramen opening upward, and the lateral line single; head triangular, depressed; eyes directed up- ward; preopercular spine very large; sexual differences strongly marked. Species numerous, living on sea bottoms at some depth. (*xcAAzs, beauty ; ovoua, name.) a. Dorsal rays IV,8 or 9; anal rays 8; some of the dorsal spines filamentous. b. Preopercular spine very long, armed with about 9 hooks or spinules; caudal not filamentous. BAIRDI, 2511. bb. Preopercular spine strong, bifurcate; caudal fin more or less produced or fila- mentous. i HIMANTOPHORUS, 2512. aa. Dorsal rays III, 6 or IV, 6; anal rays 4. c. Preopercular spine with 2 barbs, the anterior turned forward; body with white spots. CALLIURUS, 2513. cc. Preopercular spine with 3 teeth above, ending in an acute point. PAUCIRADIATUS, 2514. 2511. CALLIONYMUS BAIRDI, Jordan. Head 3}; depth 94. D.IV,9; A.8. Body long And low, very slender, the head much depressed, the least depth of the caudal peduncle about equal to the diameter of the eye. Head triangular as viewed from above, its breadth 3 its length, exclusive of the preopercular spine. Snout blunt- ish as seen from above, sharp in profile, its outline straight and moderately steep until above the eyes; profile behind the eyes considerably depressed. Snout 23 in head to gill opening; eye 4; mouth small, inferior, the maxil- lary reaching front of eye, as long as snout; lower lip conspicuous. Teeth slender, in villiform bands in both jaws, none on vomer. Interor- bital area a simple narrow ridge. Bones of head behind eyes rugose; a low rough tubercle of bare bone above the temporal region on each side, somewhat behind each eye. Preopercular spine very long, as long as eye, its exterior ridge with a single antrorse spinule at its base, its posterior edge with 8 conspicuous hooks turned forward and inward, these growing progressively smaller from the second. Gill opening reduced to a pore at upper posterior angle of opercle, its width rather less than that of pupil. Dorsal spines strong, the first ending in a slender filament, the whole as long as head; second and third spines broken (probably each with a short filament in life, as a short filament is still present on the fourth spine); fourth spine well behind third (leaving room for another spine, although no trace of such spine is present); soft dorsal high, most of its rays slightly filamentous at tip, the longest about # head; caudal subtruncate, not filamentous, about as long as head to base of preopercular spine; anal fin rather high, the length of its base 3 in body; pectorals about as long as ventrals, each as long as head without preopercular spine. Lateral line single. Color light grayish, mottled or spotted with yellowish and dark brown; cheeks with steel-bluish spots; first dorsal with dusky retic- ulations around pale gray spots; second dorsal and caudal with nar- 3030——60 2186 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. row dusky cross streaks; anal with its posterior half chiefly biack, the anterior pale; ventrals black; pectorals pale. Type, a specimen 44 inches long, in good condition, from the * spewings” of a Snapper or a Grouper (Neomanis aya or Epinephelus morio), taken on the Snapper Banks, be- tween Pensacola and Tampa; 1 other specimen known. (“I have named this species for Prof. Spencer F. Baird, t0 whom I have been indebted for aids of many kinds in connection with my studies of American fishes.” Jordan. ) Callionymus bairdi, JORDAN, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1887, 501, Snapper Banks off Pensa- cola. (Type, No.39300. Coll. Silas Stearns.) 2512. CALLIONYMUS HIMANTOPHORUS, Goode & Bean. Head 34; depth of head equal to length of its postorbital portion or to greatest depth of body. Greatest depth of body at the head and the ante- rior portion of the trunk. D. IV, 8; A. 8; P. 19; V.1,5. Body slender, moderately elongate, fins all well developed, the tail tapering and with some of its rays produced into a filament. Caudal peduncle very slen- der, the least height of tail scarcely more than 4 greatest height of body. Profile descending very rapidly at snout. Mouth small and the intermaxil- lary very protractile, but may be almost entirely concealed under the pre- orbitals. Intermaxillary reaching to front of orbit. Maxillary a roundish, slender bone, extending backward to end of intermaxillary. Mandible about as long as eye, extending to vertical through front of pupil. Teeth in villiform bands on intermaxillary and mandible. Interorbital space very narrow, less than } length of eye, which is 14 times as long as snout and nearly 4 of total without caudal. A strong bifurcated spine at angle of the preoperculum extending backward slightly beyond the gill open- ing; length of this spine at its upper articulation } length of eye. Gill opening reduced to a small slit, placed at a distance behind eye about equaling length of eye and above median line of body. Skin naked. Lateral line abruptly arched over gill opening and connected across nape with its fellow of the opposite side, Spinous dorsal somewhat elevated in front, the first spine nearly twice as long as last, its length about + total length of caudal; sixth and seventh rays longest, their length nearly equaling that of base of fin; caudal consisting of 4 simple and 8 divided rays; of the divided rays the fifth and sixth are the longest, the lower portion of the fifth and the upper portion of the sixth being produced into a filament, making these rays as long as the distance from the tip of the intermaxillary to the fourth anal ray. It is worthy of remark that in another example of the same species and of about the same size as the type, the sixth of the divided rays alone contributes to form the filament; and in a young example, about + as large as the type, the first dorsal spine when laid back reaches to the end of soft dorsal. Some of the numerous examples of this species have none of the cau- dal rays much produced, even in large individuals. Anal fin beginning directly under third ray of soft dorsal, its rays increasing in length to the sixth, which is the longest and twice as long as the first, its length 5} Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2187 in total without caudal. All the rays simple except the last, which is divided. The pectoral beginning under middle of spinous dorsal and extending to below the fifth ray of the soft dorsal, its rays all simple. The ventral base overlapping lower extremity of pectoral base, its origin under the gill opening. The fourth and longest ray equaling } of total length without caudal. A small but distinct anal papilla. Color gener- ally light brown, the back with numerous narrow streaks and blotches of slightly darker brown; a dark blotch on membrane between the third and fourth dorsal spines, in some cases occupying nearly all the mem- brane, in other cases more limited and nearly elliptical in shape; anal with a broad subvertical dark band, the tips of rays and a small area of the membrane behind each ray pale; the lower caudal lobe with a nar- row submarginal dark band; ventral with 2 indistinct narrow dark bands on its outer half. From Blake Station XXX, off Barbados, in 209 fathoms; Station CLXXX, at 157 fathoms; Station XXXIII, off Santa Cruz, at 115 fathoms; Station 2CCXYVI, at 119 fathoms; Station CCXXX, at 84 fathoms. (Zuas, whip; ¢opé@, bear.) Callionymus himantophorus,* GOODE & BEAN, Ocean. Ichth., 296, pl. LXxv1, figs. 268, 268a, b, 1896, off Barbados. 2513. CALLIONYMUS CALLIURUS, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Head 3} to tip of opercular spine (5 in total); depth 7(9). D.IV,6; A. 4. Body flat below, the ventral surface bordered on each side with a fold of skin which is wider than the pupil; a single lateral line; diameter of eye equaling length of snout, 3} in head; maxillary not extending to eye; preopercular spine with 2 barbs above, the anterior one larger and turned forward; gill opening a minute foramen opening upward. The last dorsal ray equaling length of head, and the first dorsal spine reach- ing its tip when the fin is depressed; ventral fins connected by a broad membrane to the middle of the outer pectoral region; pectoral fins as long as the head. Cheeks, opercles, connecting membrane of ventral fins and antepectoral region with milk-white spots; lower jaw black near the rictus; a series of black dots on branchiostegal membranes, 1 or 2 similar dots in front of pectorals, 2 on the cheek forming a series with the second branchiostegal spot; 4 black spots on the marginal membrane of the belly, other black spots above it; lower half of body with numerous dirty white spots; pectorals transparent, ventrals dusky; membrane of anal sprinkled with minute black points aggregated into black spots in places, and with opaque white spots; caudal transparent, having minute points, its upper half with opaque milk-white bars running obliquely downward and backward from ray to ray; lower half with interrupted longitudinal lines of opaque white, alternating with black spots; dorsal transparent, with white and dark dots most conspicuous between last rays; body marbled with light and darker. Key West, Florida; 1 speci- men dredged in 5 fathoms. (xcdAAos, beauty; dvpd, tail.) Callionymus calliurus, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 76, South Beach, Key West. (Type, No. 26265. M.C. Z.) * The species was listed by Eigenmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser. 1, 78, as ‘‘ Callionymus agassizit, Goode & Bean,” a name only, accompanied by no description. 2188 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2514. CALLIONYMUS PAUCIRADIATUS, Gill. “P), Ill, 6; A. 4. The preopercular spine is armed with three teeth above and terminates in an acute point.” (Gill.) Matanzas, Cuba; an imperfectly described species, known only from the above note. (pauci, few; radiatus, rayed.) Callionymus pauciradiatus, GILL, Ann, Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vil, 1865, 143, Matanzas, Cuba. Family CLXXXVIII. GOBIIDA. (THE GOBIES.) Body oblong or elongate, naked or covered with ctenoid or cycloid scales. Dentition various, the teeth generally small; premaxillaries pro- tractile; suborbital without bony stay. Skin of head continuous with covering of eyes. Opercle unarmed; preopercle unarmed or with a short spine; pseudobranchix present. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill membranes united to the isthmus, the gill openings thus restricted to the sides. No lateral line. Dorsal fins separate or connected, the spinous dorsal least developed, of 2 to 8 flexible spines, rarely wanting; anal usu- ally with a single weak spine, similar to the soft dorsal; ventral fins close together, separate or fully united, each composed of a short spine and 5 (rarely 4) soft rays, the inner rays longest; the ventral fins, when united, form a sucking disk, a cross fold of skin at their base completing the cup; caudal fin convex; anal papilla prominent. No pyloric ceca; usually no air bladder. Carnivorous fishes, mostly of small size, living on the bot- toms near the shores in warm regions. Some inhabit fresh waters, and others live indiscriminately in either fresh or salt water. Many of them bury in the mud of estuaries. Few of them are large enough to be of much value as food. Genera about 80; species nearly 600. The species are for the most part easily recognized, but their arrangement in genera isa matter of extreme difficulty. Until the multitude of Asiatic forms are critically studied, any definition of the American genera must be ten- tative only. (Gobiida, part; groups Gobiina, Amblyopina, and Trypauche- nina, Giinther, Cat. Fishes, 111, 1-138. ) ANALYSIS OF GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDA. a. Ventral fins separate; body scaly. OXYMETOPONTINZ:: b. Ventral rays IJ, 4. c. Forehead bluntly rounded, without sharp keel; tongue very slender, sharp; body elongate, compressed, covered with very small scales; head short, compressed, rather broad above; mouth oblique, the lower jaw projecting; teeth in few series, some of them canine-like; isthmus narrow. Dorsals separate, the first of 6 slender spines; soft dorsal and anal elongate; caudal lanceolate. LoGLossus, 800. ELEOTRIDINA:: bb. Ventral rays I, 5. d. YVomer with a broad patch of villiform teeth; gill openings extending for- ward to below posterior angle of mouth, the isthmus thus very narrow; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2189 teeth villiform, the outer scarcely enlarged; vertebree 12+ 13 (dormitor) ; skull above with conspicuous elevated ridges, one of these bounding the orbit above, the orbital ridges connected posteriorly above by a strong cross ridge; a sharp longitudinal ridge on each side of the occipital, the two nearly parallel, the post-temporals being attached to the pos- terior ends. Insertions of post-temporals widely separated, the .dis- tance between them greater than the rather narrow interorbital width; the post-temporal bones little divergent; top of head depressed, both before and behind the cross ridge between eyes; a flattish triangular area between this and the little elevated supraoccipital region; pre- opercle without spines; lower pharyngeals with slender, depressible teeth, and without lamelliform appendages; scales of moderate size, ctenoid. PHILYPNUs, 801. dd. Vomer without teeth; isthmus broad; gill openings scarcely extending for- ward below to posterior angle of preopercle; skull without crests. e. Body scaly, both anteriorly and posteriorly. Jf. Lower pharyngeal teeth stiff and blunt; the bones with an outer series of broad flexible lamelliform appendages, which are rudimentary gill filaments; body short and elevated; teeth slender, those in the outer row scarcely larger, and movable; top of head without raised crests, flattish, its surface uneven; post-temporal bones rather strongly diverging, the distance between their insertions about 4 the broad flattish interorbital space; no spine on preopercle or branchiostegals; scales large, ctenoid. Species herbivorous. DORMITATOR, 802. Jf. Lower pharyngeals normal, subtriangular, the teeth stiff, villi- form, no lamelliform appendages; scales of moderate or small size; body oblong or elongate. g.- Body moderately robust, the depth 4 to 54 times in the length to base of caudal; scales ctenoid; cranium without dis- tinct median keel; a small supraoccipital crest. h. Post-temporal bones little divergent, not inserted close together, the distance between their insertions greater than the moderate interorbital space, or 34 in length of head; top of skull little gibbous; lower pharyngeals narrower than in Zleotris; pre- opercle without spine; scales very small, about 110 in a longitudinal series. Vertebrw 11+ 13; teeth moderate, the outer series on lower jaw enlarged. GUAVINA, 803. hh. Post-temporal bones very strongly divergent, their in- sertions close together, the distance between them about 2 the narrow interorbital space, and less than + length of head; top of skull somewhat elevated and declivous; interorbital area somewhat convex transversely ; lower pharyngeals rather broad, the teeth bluntish; preopercle with partly concealed spine directed downwards and forward at its angle; scales moderate, 45 to 60 in a longitudinal series; vertebra (pisonis) 11+ 15; teeth small. ELEOTRIS, 804. gg. Body very slender, elongate, the depth 8 to 9 times in length to base of caudal; scales very small, cycloid. t. Preopercle with a partly concealed antrorse hook at its angle; caudal with numerous accessory rays at base. ALEXURUS, 805. 2190 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, ii. Preopercle without spine; caudal without many acces- sory rays at base; post-temporal bones short, strongly divergent, the distance between their insertions about equal to the narrow interorbital space, or abont 1 length of head; top of head with a strong median keel, which is highest on the occi- pital region; no supraoccipital crest; mouth very oblique; the teeth small. EROTELIS, 806. ee. Body naked on the anterior part; head naked; lower jaw with 4 larger recurved teeth. GYMNELEOTRIS, 807. eee. Body entirely naked. CHRIOLEPIS, 808. aa. Ventral fins united. j. Dorsal fins separate, free from caudal. e SICYDUNZE: k. Ventral disk short, adnate to belly; body subcylindrical, covered with - ctenoid scales; lips very thick; upper teeth mostly small and movable, lower fixed; dorsal spines 6. l. Teeth simple; no canines in front of lower jaw. SIcyDIUM, 809. ll. Teeth trifid (or bifid) ; no canines in front of lower jaw. CoTyLopus, 810. GOBIINA: kk. Ventral disk free from the belly. m. Dorsal spines 4 to 8; eyes well developed. n. Teeth emarginate, uniserial, those of the lower jaw nearly hori- zontal; dorsal spines 6; scales large, ctenoid; gill openings moderate. EvortTHovus, 811. nn. Teeth simple. o. Body scaly, more or less. p. Maxillary normal, not prolonged behind the rictus; skull of the usual gobioid form, comparatively short and abruptly broadened behind the orbits; occiput depressed; supraoccipital and temporal ridges continuous. q. Dorsal spines 6; scales evidently ctenoid; head naked (the nape scaly as usual.) r. Interorbital area anteriorly elevated, with a large foramen-like depression in front of eye; body short, compressed, formed much as in Dormitator; nape with a fleshy crest; scales large. Vertebre 11+ 15. LOPHOGOBIUS, 812. rr. Interorbital area not elevated in front; body more elongate; no fleshy nuchal crest; isthmus broad. s. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without fleshy cirri or papille; cranium anteriorly short; interorbital space narrower, grooved, with a low median ridge or none; median crest on cranium low. t. Body scaly anteriorly and poste- riorly (sometimes a naked strip on back or belly). Vertebrie 12+ 16 to10+15. Gosrus, 813. tt. Body entirely naked anteriorly, the posterior halfscaled ; seales moderate or small. GARMANNIA, 814, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2191 ss. Inner edge of shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 conspicuous dermal flaps; pre- orbital region very long; premax- illary and maxillary strong; inter- orbital groove with a conspicuous median crest; scales rather small (45 to 70.) AWAOUS, 815. qq. Dorsal spines 7 or 8 (very rarely 6, especially in Eucyclogobius.) u. Scales large, ctenoid; shoulder girdle with- out dermal flaps. v. Sides of head scaled; soft dorsal and anal rather short, of 11 to 14 rays each; deep-water species. BOLLMANNIA, 816. vv. Sides of head naked; soft dorsal and anal short, of 10 to 12 rays each; shore species. ABOMA, 817. wu. Scales very small, cycloid or nearly so. w. Inner edge of shoulder girdie without fleshy processes; head naked; body more or less compressed ; mouth very oblique; teethstrong; interorbital groove with or with- out a median ridge. Vertebrxe 11 +15 or 16; soft dorsal and anal long, of 15 to 17 rays each. x. Body chiefly scaly, anteriorly as well as posteriorly. MICROGOBIUS, 818. ava. Body naked anteriorly, scaled posteriorly. ZALYPNUS, 819. ww. Inner edge of shoulder girdle with 2 or3 dermal flaps, or processes, as in Awaous. y. Head naked, the interorbital groove with the median ridge high, not extending forward to orbit; body rather robust; soft dorsal and anal short; fresh-water species. EUCYCLOGOBIUS, 820. yy. Head scaled like the body; the interorbital groove with the median ridge little developed; soft dor- sal and anal long; body elongate; marine species. LEPIDOGOBIUS, 821. po. Maxillary much produced backward, extending beyond the gill opening in the adult; skull com- paratively long, gradually (not abruptly) broad- ened behind orbits; median crest of cranium well developed; scales small, cycloid; head naked, occipital region narrowed forward; supraorbital and temporal crests not continuous. 2192 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. pape ede se Wee ee ee eee z. Occiput depressed, with a blunt median keel. a'. Shoulder girdle without dermal flaps; dor- sal spines 6; soft dorsal and anal short; mouth very large; isthmus broad; ver- tebree 14 + 16 (mirabilis). GILLICHTHYS, 822. aa’. Shoulder girdle with 1 to 3 small dermal flaps on the inner edge; dorsal spines 5; soft dorsal and anal long. QUIETULA, 823. zz. Occiput transversely rounded without median keel. b/. Shoulder girdle with 1 to 3 small dermal flaps on its inner edge; dorsal spines 5; soft dorsaland anallong. ILyPpNnus, 824. bb!. Shoulder girdle without derial flaps; dor- sal spines 4 or 5; soft dorsal and anal long. CLEVELANDIA, 825. oo. Body and head entirely naked. c’. Dorsal spines 4; body long and slender; mouth large, the lower jaw projecting; no barbels; soft dorsal and anal long; male with ornate colors. EVERMANNIA, 826. ce’. Dorsal spines 7 (rarely 6). ad’. Chin without barbels; mouth small, little oblique; body robust, soft dorsal and anal short. GOBIOSOMA, 827. dd’. Chin with a fringe of short barbels; mouth terminal, oblique; soft dorsal and anal very short. BARBULIFER, 828. CRYSTALLOGOBIINE : mm. Dorsal spines 2 (or 1); body wholly naked. e'. Eyes reduced to small rudiments; interorbital area forming a sharp median range; skull rather abruptly widened behind orbits; anterior portion of skull unusally long; no flaps on shoulder girdle; skull highest at nape, depressed above the eyes; soft dorsal and anal short. TYPHLOGOBIUs, 829. GOBIOIDINE: jj. Dorsal fin continuous, the soft part and the anal joined to base of caudal; eyes minute; body elongate; scales minute or wanting; mouth very oblique, the lower jaw projecting; gill openings moderate. Jf’. Dorsal rays VI, 16 to 23; anal rays 17 to 23. g'. Teeth small, in a single series; scales present. TYNTLASTES, 830. gg'. Teeth in a band, those of the outer series being very strong; scales present. h'. Body entirely scaled. GOBIOIDES, 831. hh'. Anterior part of body naked. CAYENNIA, 832. 800. IOGLOSSUS, Bean. Toglossus, BEAN, in Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 297 (calliwrus). Body elongate, strongly compressed, of equal depth throughout, cov- ered with very small, mostly cycloid, scales. Head short, compressed, not keeled above; mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw projecting; teeth in narrow bands or single series, some of them canine; no teeth on vomer or palatines; tongue very slender, sharp; opercles unarmed. Gill openings Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2193 very wide, the membranes narrowly joined to isthmus on median line. No lateral line. Branchiostegals 5. Dorsals separate, the first of 6 very slender, flexible spines; the second elongate, similar to the anal; caudal long and pointed, free from dorsal and anal; ventrals close together, separate, each of 1 spine and 4 rays, their insertion below or behind pec- torals; anal papilla present. A remarkable type, belonging to the Oxyme- topontine, differing widely from our other Gobioid fishes. Gulf of Mexico, in rather deep water. (0S, arrow; vyA@66a, tongue.) 2515. IOGLOSSUS CALLIURUS, Bean. Head 5; depth 7 to 74. D. VI-22 to 24; A.I,21 to 23. Body very elon- gate, slender, much compressed, of equal depth throughout; head com- pressed, without osseous crest; mouth very oblique, the lower jaw strongly projecting; premaxillaries in front on the level with pupil; maxillary extending to opposite front of pupil, its length 2? in head; upper jaw with a narrow band of about 2 series of conical cardiform teeth, those of the outer row much larger than the others, behind these 2 small conical curyed canines; lower jaw with a single row of smaller teeth, behind which are about 4 short canines directed somewhat back- ward; the posterior pair strongly curved; no teeth on yomer or palatines. Tongue narrow, pointed. Eye large, nearly twice length of snout, 34 in head, its diameter considerably more than depth of cheek, about 4 more than interorbital width; -opercles unarmed. Pseudobranchiz pres- ent. Gill openings wide, extending forward below, the membranes attached mesially to the very narrow isthmus, across which they do not form a fold. Gill rakers long and slender. Dorsal fins separated by a short interval, the first of very slender somewhat filamentous spines, the longest about as long as head; second dorsal little more than $ as high as first, apparently nearly uniform, separated from the caudal by an interval nearly 4 length of head; caudal lanceolate, its middle rays filamentous, about + the length of rest of body; anal rather high, similar to soft dorsal; ventrals I, 4, inserted very slightly in advance of base of pectorals, the 2 fins very close together, but apparently quite sepa- rate and without basal fold of skin, the fin little longer than head, the inner rays filamentous; pectoral with broad base, about 14 in head. Anal papilla very short, midway between tip of snout and base of caudal. Body with very small, nonimbricate, embedded scales, these a little larger and imbricate on the tail; cheeks with embedded cycloid scales; scales very weakly ctenoid, most of them appearing cycloid; no lateral line. Color light olive, everywhere densely punctate; dorsals edged with black; middle of caudal reddish, with paler bluish edgings. Length 44 inches. Here described from specimens from off Pensacola. Gulfof Mexico; known only from the Snapper Banks off Pensacola, inrather deep water. (x@AQAos, beauty; ovpa, tail.) Toglossus caliiurus (BEAN MS.),in JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 297, Pen- sacola, Florida; BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 419; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 949, 1883; JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884,437; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 481. 2194 Builetin 47, United States National Museum. 801. PHILYPNUS,* Cuvier & Valenciennes. (GUAVINAS. ) Gobiomorus,t LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poias., 11, 699, 1798, in part (dormitor, etc.) ; restricted to dormitor by JORDAN & GILBERT, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 571; restricted to Gobiomo- rus taiboa, Lacépede (Valenciennes’ strigata), by GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 79, in accordance with the law of exclusion. Philypnus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XM, 255, 1837 (dormitator). Lembus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, 1, 505, 1859 (maculatus). Body elongate, terete anteriorly, compressed behind. Head elongate, depressed above. Mouth large; lower jaw considerably projecting; teeth in jaw rather small, slender, recurved, the outer scarcely enlarged; teeth on vomer villiform, in a broad, crescent-shaped patch; gill openings extend- ing forward to below posterior angle of mouth, the isthmus very narrow. Scales moderate, ctenoid, covering most of the head, 55 to 66 in a longitudi- nal series. Dorsal with 6 spines and 9 or 10 rays; anal rays I, 9 or 10; ven- tralsseparate. No preopercular spine; insertion of post-temporals almost midway between occipital crest and edge of skull; parietals with a crest running from insertion of post-temporal forward to just behind eye, where they are connected by a thin, high, transverse crest; supraocular with a short, high crest, extending from above front of eye back to posterior edge of orbit, thence extending outward parallel with the transverse crest, leav- ing a deep groove between them; bony projections before and behind eye prominent. Vertebre 12-+13—25; lower pharyngeals triangular, with slender teeth. Largest of the Gobies, some of the species reaching a length of 2 or 3 feet and valued as food. Tropical rivers. (¢zAvmvos, slumber-loving; $7Aos, loving; Uzvos, sleep.) a. Coloration rather obscure, the dark lateral band indistinct or wanting; scales 55 to 57. DORMITOR, 2516. aa. Coloration bright, the black lateral band distinct; scales 52 to 55. LATERALIS, 2517. 2516. PHILYPNUS DORMITOR (Lacépéde). (SLEEPER; GUAVINA.) Head 23 to 2,4; depth 5 to 53. D.VI-10; A.I,9; scales 55 to 57; eye 6} to 7} in head; snout 33; maxillary 2%. Body elongate, terete anteri- orly, compressed behind. Head elongate, depressed above. Mouth large; maxillary reaching to middle of pupil. Lower jaw considerably project- ing. Teeth on jaws slender, depressible. Interspace between dorsals slightly greater than interorbital width; dorsal spines slender, the second the longest, 2} in head; length of base of anal about 24 in head; ventrals 9 reaching % of the distance to vent; tips of pectorals reaching ventral. * The Eleotrine have been made the subject of a special paper (A Review of the Ameri- can Eleotridine, in Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 66-80) by Eigenmann & Fordice. The Gobiide of America have been discussed in detail by Jordan & Eigenmann (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 477-518) and later by Eigenmann & Eigenmann (Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 1, 1888, 51-78). In this paper are valuable notes on the specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. _ | For the reasons in favor of the use of the name Gobiomorus for Valenciennea, Bleeker, instead of using it for the present genus, see GILL, Proc, U.S, Nat. Mus, 1888, 69. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2195 Dark brownish or olive, lighter below; an interrupted dark lateral band extending from base of pectoral to base of caudal (not always present) ; fins dusky, and with the exception of the anal and ventrals, all distinctly mottled; spinous dorsal margined with blackish; head often with dark spots. Streams of the West Indies and Atlantic shores of Central America, Mexico, and Surinam; everywhere common, reaching a length of 2 feet or more. Here described from Cuban specimens. (dormitor, sleeper. ) Guavina, PARRA, Descr. Dif. Piezas Hist. Nat. Cuba, tab. 39, fig. 1, 1787, Havana. Gobiomorus dormitor, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 0, 599, 1798, Martinique ; from a draw- ing by PLUMIER; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 52. Platycephalus dormitator, BLocu, Ichth., 1801, Martinique; after LAChPEDE. Batrachus guavina, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 44, 1801; based on Guavina of PARRA. Eleotris longiceps, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1864, 151, Nicaragua; GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 440, 1869. Electris dormitatrix, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 0, vol. 2, 246, 1829, Antilles; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 111, 119, 1861. Gobiomorus dormitator, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 572. Philypnus dormitator, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 255, 1837; Pory, Mem. de Cuba, 11, 381, 1860; GIRARD, U. S.and Mexican Boundary Survey, Zool., 27, pl. 12, fig. 13, 1859; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 631, 1883. 2517. PHILYPNUS LATERALIS, Gill. (ABOMA DE MAR.) Head 2,3;; depth 54. D. VI-10; A. I, 10; scales 52 to 55; eye 6 to 64 in head; snout 3} to 33; maxiliary 24 to 2?. Brownish, lighter or white below; a distinct dark brown or blackish band extending from base of pectoral to base of caudal; dorsals, pectoral and caudal dusky; ven- trals and anal lighter; dorsals, caudal, and in some specimens the anal, distinctly blotched. The only constant difference between this species and Philypnus dormitor seems to be the brighter coloration of lateralis. Streams of Pacific Coast of Mexico and Central America, from Sonora to Panama, entering the sea; common, reaching a much larger size than any other of our Gobies. Here described from specimens from Rio Pre- sidio, Mazatlan. (lateralis, pertaining to the side.) Philypnus lateralis, GiLt,, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 123, Cape San Lucas (Coll. Xantus); JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 377. Eleotris lateralis, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 122, 1861. 802. DORMITATOR, Gill. (PUNECAS. ) Prochilus, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed.1, vol. m1, 294, 1817 (macrolepidota= maculatus) ; name preoccupied. Dormitator, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 240 (gundlachi). Body short, robust; head broad and flat above; mouth little oblique; maxillary reaching to anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little project- ing; no teeth on vomer; lower pharyngeal teeth stiff and blunt, the bones with an external series broad, flexible, lamelliform, these being rudi- mentary gill filaments; scales large, ctenoid, 30 to 33 in a longitudinal 2196 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. series; skull much as in Eleotris; D. VII-I, 8; A. 1,9 or 10; no spine on preopercle; post-temporals inserted midway between occipital crest and edge of skull; supraoccipital crest low. (dormitator, one who sleeps.) 2518. DORMITATOR MACULATUS (Bloch). (GUAVINA Mapo; PANECA.) Head 31; depth about 3in adult. D. VII-I, 8 or 9; A.I,9 or 10; lateral line 33. Body short, robust; head broad and flat above; eye small, less than snout; caudal a little shorter than head; mouth little oblique; max- illary reaching to anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little projecting; no teeth on vomer; interspace between dorsals equaling orbit; highest anal ray 12 in head; highest dorsal ray 1} in head; skull much as in Eleotris, but everywhere broader; no spine on preopercle; post-temporal inserted midway between occipital crest and edge of skull; supraoccipital crest low; scales large, becoming much smaller on belly, 25 series on median line from base of ventrals to vent; 18 series across breast from pectoral to pectoral; 18 on a median line from posterior border of orbit to dorsal. Dark brown, with lighter bluish spots; a faint dark stripe along sides; a conspicuous large dark blue spot edged with black above base of pectorals; a dark streak from eye to angle of mouth; 2 dark streaks on side of head; branchiostegai membrane blackish; dorsals barred with spots; anal dusky, barred with bluish, and with white margin; a dark bar on base of pectoral. Length 1 to 2 feet. Both coasts of America, ranging from South Carolina through the West Indies to Para, Cape San Lucas, and Panama, in fresh or brackish water; everywhere abundant and used as food. Dr. Eigenmann observes: There seem to be 2 forms of the adult—one with the profile gibbous, the dorsal out- line forming a regular curve; the other having the profile depressed over the eyes, the anterior portion being subhorizontal. The specimens from Gurupa and the Rio Grande have the profile depressed; all the other specimens have a gibbons profile. A comparison in detail of the two forms is appended. Only extreme differences are given. West Indian specimens 5 to 7} inches. Rio Grande specimens 5, 64, and 74 inches. Profile regularly curved from first dorsal spine to snout. Head 33 to 4; depth 3 to31; depth always greater than length of head. Highest anal ray 11 to 12 in head. Distance from first dorsal spine to snout greater than distance from first dorsal spine to first anal ray. Scales in median series 29 to 32. Color usually dark brown, a black spot above base of pectoral, a short bar on base of pectoral. Profile depressed over eye, becoming hori- zontal anteriorly. Head 3; depth 3 to 34; depth usually less than length of head. Highest anal ray 13 to 2 in head. Distance from first dorsal spine to snout equals distance from first dorsal spine to base of last anal ray. Scales in median series 30 to 34. Color gray, a jet-black spot above base of pectoral; a black bar at base of pectoral; a black line from eye to mouth; longitudinal black lines on cheeks and opercles; dark spots on back; some silvery scales on sides. Among our specimens from Mazatlan are 3 markedly different forms which seem like distinct species. In view of the great variations to which this species is subject we do not, however, regard them as such, especially as none of the three corresponds exactly to the account above given of the 2 Atlantic forms. o> eee Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2197 I. DEEP-BODIED SPECIMENS (Dormitator latifrons, Richardson). Head 3; depth 3. D. VII-I,8; A.I,8 or 9; scales 30 to 33; eye 42 to 54 in head; snout 3} to 3} in head; interorbital width 2+ in head; ventrals reaching } the distance to vent, 14 to 12 in head; highest anal ray 1% to 2 in head. Body short, robust, the back elevated; head broad and flat above, the anterior profile from first dorsal spine to tip of snout oblique, descending abruptly; mouth oblique, maxillary reaching anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little projecting. Color greenish, lighter below; body with cross bars of dark brown; fins dusky, the dorsals distinctly blotched with darker; a dark cross bar at base of pectorals; a dark-blue humeral blotch, becoming blackish in spirits; 3 or 4 dark cross bands extending from eye and below eye to posterior-margin of preopercle; a dark band extending from below eye to below tip of maxillary. Two specimens from Rio Presidio, Mazatlan. II. CoMMON FORM, AT MAZATLAN. Head 3$; depth 33 to 33. D. VII-I,7; A.I,8; scales 33 or 34; eye 44 to 42 in head; snout 34 to 4 in head; interorbital width 3 to 3} in head; ventrals reaching about $ the distance to vent, 14 in head; highest anal ray 1% to 2 in head. Body short, compressed, the back little elevated; head rather broad and slightly convex above, the anterior profile from first dorsal spine to tip of snout slightly convex; mouth oblique, maxil- lary reaching anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little projecting. Color olive brown, with cross bars of darker brown, lighter below; fins dusky, the dorsals with about 3 darker cross bars; pectorals with a darker cross bar at base; a distinct dark-brown humeral spot slightly larger than eye; 3 or 4 dark cross bands extending from eye and below eye to posterior mar- gin of preopercle; a distinct dark-brown bar extending from below eye to below tip of maxillary; a dark lateral band extending from base of pectoral to base of caudal. Many specimens from Mazatlan. Ill. LARGE-HEADED FORM. Head 3}; depth 34. D. VI-I,8; A.1,9; scales 32 or 33; eye 44 in head; snout 34 in head; interorbital width 24 in head; ventrals reaching * the distance to vent, 14 in head; highest anal ray 2 in head. Body mod- erately compressed, the back little elevated; head very broad above, convex; the anterior profile from first dorsal spine to tip of snout oblique, gently descending; mouth oblique, maxillary reaching anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little projecting. Color brownish, middle of back darker, lighter below; body with darker cross bands; ventrals yellow- ish; other fins dusky; dorsals with darker blotches; a dark crossbar at base of pectoral; a dark humeral spot; four cross bands extending from eye and below eye to posterior margin of preopercle; a dark band extending from below eye to below top of maxillary; a dark lateral band extending from base of pectoral to base of caudal. One specimen, from near Mazatlan. (maculatus, spotted.) 2198 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Scicena maculata, BLOCH, Ichth., pl. 299, fig. 2, 1790, West Indies. Eleotris mugiloides, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Xl, 226, 1837, Martinique; Surinam. ; nl Eleotris sima,* CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XII, 232, 1837, Vera Cruz. Eleotris latifrons, RICHARDSON, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 57, pl. 35, figs. 4 and 5, 1837, locality unknown, supposed to be from Pacific coast, Central America. ? Eleotris grandisquama,t CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 229, 1837, Amer- ica; locality unknown. . Eleotris somnolentus, GIRARD, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, near mouth of Rio Grande. Eleotris omocyaneus, POEY, Memorias, U, 269, 1860, Havana. Dormitator microphthalmus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 170, Panama. (Coll. Capt. John M. Dow.) Dormitator gundlachi, POEY, Synopsis, 396, 1868, Cuba. Dormitator lineatus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1863, 271, Savannah. Dormitator maculatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 632, 1883; JORDAN & WIGENMANN, lJ. c., 482; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal, Ac, Sci,, 2d series, vol. 1, 1888, 52. 803. GUAVINA, Bleeker. Guavina, BLEEKER, Esquisse dun Syst. Nat. Gobioid., 302, 1874 (quavina). This genus is allied to Lleotris, differing in having the post-temporal bones little divergent, not inserted close together, the distance between their insertions greater than the moderate interorbital space, or 33 in length of head; top of skull little gibbous; lower pharyngeals narrower than in Lleotris; preopercle without spine; scales very small, ctenoid, about 110 in a longitudinal series. Vertebre 11+ 13; teeth moderate, the outer series on lower jaw enlarged. Fresh waters of the West Indies and Brazil. Two species known; Guavina brasiliensis (Sauvage) from Bahia, and the following. (Guavina, the Spanish name.) 2519. GUAVINA GUAVINA (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (GUARUBACO; GUAVINA.) Head 34; depth 4} to5}. D. VI, or VII-1.10; A.I,9or10. Body stoutish, oblong; mouth oblique; maxillary reaching opposite middle of eye, its length 2} to 3Lin head. Lower jaw little projecting; teeth in broad bands, the outer ones on lower jaw enlarged. Scales on head embedded; those on body very small, ctenoid on sides, cycloid on back and belly, 100 to 110 in a longitudinal series. Isthmus very broad. Pectorals reaching to mid- dle of spinous dorsal. Highest anal ray 14 in head. Post-temporals inserted twice as far from occipital crest as in Eleotris pisonis. Parietals ending * Types, 2 specimens in poor order, from Vera Cruz, 0.09 mm. long. Snout a little more steep and convex than usual in Dormitator maculatus. Head 3}in length; depth3i. Eye 44in head. D VII,9; A.11; scales 31-11. Soft dorsal very high, with round black spots. Caudal and anal plain. This seems to be inseparable from’ Dormitator maculatus. t We haye the following note on the type of Eleotris grandisguama: Type specimen in fair condition, 0.14 mm. long, from ‘‘Amérique Méridionale?”’ Head slenderer than in D. maculatus, and much depressed, its depth at the eyes less than its width, which is less than that of body. Anterior profile almost concave. Caudal fin large; other fins mod- erate. Dorsal VI,9; anal I,9; scales about 29-11. A few dusky spots on dorsal and anal. According to Dr. Eigenmann, specimens of Dormitator maculatus from the Rio Grande agree fairly with this type, and it is not likely that it is different. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2199 in a sharp point behind. Preopercular spine none, a broad, thin exten- sion on the lower limb of preopercle taking its place. Lower pharyngeals triangular, normal, rather narrow; the teethsmall. VYomer without teeth. Length 1 foot. East coast of tropical America, Cuba to Rio Janeiro, in fresh and brackish waters; very common. (qguavina, Spanish name.) Eleotris guavina, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 223, 1837, Martinique. Guavina guavina, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, J. ¢., 483. 804. ELEOTRIS (Gronow) Bloch & Schneider. Eleotris, GRONOW, Zooph., 83, 1763 (nonbinomial). Eleotris, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 65, 1801 (pisonis). Culius, BLEEKER, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. des Gobioid., 303, 1874 ( fuscus). Body long and low, compressed behind. Head long, low, flattened above, without spines or crests, almost everywhere scaly. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Lower pharyngeals rather broad, the teeth small,* bluntish. Preopercle with a small concealed spine below, its tip hooked forward. Branchiostegals tnarmed. Eyes small, high, anterior; isthmus broad. Post-temporal bones very strongly divergent, their insertions close together, the distance between them about % the narrow interorbital space, and less than + length of head; top of skull somewhat elevated and declivous; interorbital area slightly convex trans- versely; dorsal fins well apart, the first of 6 or 7 flexible spines; ventrals separate. Scales moderate, ctenoid, 45 to 62 in a longitudinal series; ver- tebre (pisonis) 11-+-15. Tropical seas, entering fresh waters. (1A€0s, bewildered. ) a. Teeth subequal, those of inner or outer series enlarged. 6. Cheek entirely scaled. ce. Teeth of inner series of each jaw enlarged. : d. Scales in a median series 40 to 51, in a cross series 12 to 20. e. Eye large, 5 to 6 in head; scales 40 to 44—12 to 14. AMBLYOPSIS, 2520. ee. Eye small, 8 in head; scales 51-20. ABACURUS, 2521. dd. Seales in a median series 57 to 66; in a cross series 18 to 24. PISONIS, 2522. bb. Lower half of cheek naked; scales 61. PERNIGER, 2523. aa. Teeth all equal;.scales 60. PICTUS, 2524. 2520. ELEOTRIS AMBLYOPSIS (Cope). Head 32; depth 44. D.VI-9; A.1I,8; scales 46 (40 to 44-12 to 14 accord- ing to Eigenmann); eye 5} in head, 2 in interorbital width; preoper- cular spine strong, decurved; width of head #2 in its length; chin prominent; premaxillary spines forming a projection in profile. Brown, a black spot above at base of pectoral; first dorsal and anal dusky; sec- ond dorsal and candal delicately cross-barred with blackish; 3 black lines from orbit behind and below. Surinam. Described from 3 specimens each 3 inches long. (Cope.) Dr. Eigenmann mentions 15 other examples, * The characters of the skeleton are taken from Zleotris pisonis and have not been ver- ified on other species. The hooked preopercular spine supposed to characterize Culius is found on the typical species of Hleotris, as well as in Alexurus. 2200 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. the longest 24 inches long, from Surinam, in the Museum of Comparative no nia Zoology. (auPAvs, blunt; ows, face.) Eleotris amblyopsis, Copr, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1870, 473, Surinam (Coll. Dr. Charles Hering); JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 483, 1886; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 55. 2521. ELEOTRIS ABACURUS, Jordan & Gilbert. aon Head 3; depth 44. D. VI-9; A.1,8; scales 51-20; eye 8 in head, 2} in interorbital width; pectoral 14; ventral 15; highest dorsal ray 2; highest anal ray 2; caudal 13. Body slender, compressed, the head depressed, becoming very narrow anteriorly, its width ? its length; a notable depres- sion above orbits, the premaxillary processes protruding before it; lower jaw the longer; maxillary reaching vertical behind pupil, 22 in head. Teeth in jaws in narrow villiform bands, becoming a single series on sides of lower jaw, those of the outer and inner series in each jaw some- what enlarged, the largest being a single series in sides of lower jaw. Preopercular spine as usual in the genus. Scales smooth above and below, ctenoid on sides. Color in spirits, brown, lighter above and below; each scale on middle of sides with a dusky streak, these forming obscure lengthwise lines; back anteriorly with a few small black spots; under parts, including sides of head, very thickly punctulate with black; no dark stripes from orbit; lips black; a dark streak from snout through eye to upper angle of preopercle; 2 dusky streaks from eye downward and backward across cheek; a very conspicuous black blotch as large as eye in front of upper pectoral rays; pectorals and ventrals transparent, dusky; vertical fins all barred with light and dark in fine pattern. Coast of South Carolina. Known from a single specimen, 4 inches long, taken in the harbor of Charleston. This species agrees very well with Cope’s account of Culius amblyopsis, but the scales are larger, the eye is smaller, and there is some difference in color, besides the remote habitat. (@ Banos, checker; ovpd, tail.) Culius amblyopsis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 610; not of Cope. ELleotris abacurus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 228, Charleston. (Coll. Dr. C. H. Gilbert. Type, No. 2009, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.) 2522. ELEOTRIS PISONIS (Gmelin). (GUAVINA TETARD; SLEEPER.) Head 3 to 3} in body; depth 4} to 5. D.VI-9; A.I, 8; seales 62; eye 52 to 8 in head; maxillary 23; pectoral 14; ventral 2; caudal 14. Body not much compressed; head somewhat depressed; mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of pupil; lower jaw much projecting, a knob at symphysis; wide bands of villiform teeth in jaws, none on vomer or palatines; interorbital region nearly twice as wide as the horizontal diameter of eye; top of head, cheeks, and opercles covered with small scales; a stout, concealed spine projecting downward on edge of preopercle. Origin of dorsal about midway between tip of snout and end of last dorsal rays; tips of first dorsal spines not reaching front of a i es _— Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2201 second dorsal when fin is depressed; origin of anal a little behind that of soft dorsal; pectorals reaching to posterior spine of first dorsal; ven- trals inserted very slightly behind base of pectorals; caudal peduncle as wide as length of maxillary. Color brownish; tins with dark spots and wavy lines; ventrals dusky; 2 dark stripes behind the orbit. Here described from specimens, 6 or7 inches long, collected in the Rio Almen- dares, Cuba, by Dr. Jordan. Streams of the West Indies, generally com- mon from southern Florida to Rio Janeiro. Dr. Eigenmann enumerates many specimens from various localities in Brazil. (Named for Dr, William Piso, of the University of Leyden, associate of George Marcgraf and Prince Maurice of Nassau, in 1648, in the study of the natural Listory of Brazil.) Amore pixuma, MARCGRAVE & Piso, Hist. Brasil., rv, 166, 1648, Brazil. Hleotris capite plagioplateo, GRONOW, Mus. Ichth., 1, 168, 1757; after MARCGRAYVE, Gobius pisonis, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1206, 1788; based on Hleotris of GRONOW. Gobius amorea, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, It, 205, 1792; based on Eleotris of GRONOW. Eleotris gyrinus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 220, pl. 356, 1837, Martinique; San Domingo; Surinam. Eleotris (Oulius) belizianus,* SAUVAGE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1879 (1880), 55, Belize (Coll. Morelet), Cayenne (Coll. Mélinon) ; EIGENMANN & ForDICE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 75; EIGENMANN & KIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 55. Eleotris pisonis, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 483; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, I. ¢., 55. 2523, ELEOTRIS PERNIGER (Cope). Head 44; depth 4%. D. VI-I, 9; A.I, 9; scales 61; eye 3 in interorbital width; no vomerine teeth. A strong spine at posterior angle of preoper- culum, directed downward. Premaxillary spines not prominent in pro- file; scaling of vertex extending to their extremities. Longitudinal diameter of orbit ¢ length of head. Color black, abdomen brown, fins dusky; first dorsal with white extremity and 2 longitudinal black bars, lalong the base; other fins with small black bars; [no] maxillary or caudal spot or ocellus. Length 5 inches. West Indies, south to Rio Janeiro. (Cope.) A specimen in our collection from Jamaica. Itis close to £. pisonis, but the cheeks are not fully scaled. (perniger, very black.) Culius perniger, CopE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 1870, 473, St. Martins. (Coll. Dr. R. E. van Rijgersma.) Hleotris perniger, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 55. 2524. ELEOTRIS PICTUS, Kner & Steindachner. (GUAVINA.) Head 3 to 34; depth 6. D.VI-I,7 or 8; A.I, 7 or 8; lateral line 60; 24 scales in an oblique series from front of soft dorsal downward and back- * Hleotris belizianus is described as follows: Head4in total; depth5. D.VI-I,9; A.I,8; scales 60; eye 5 in head. Preopercle with a spine turned downward; 16 rows of scales between soft dorsal and anal; scales of top of head a little smaller than those of body, extending forward nearly to front of eyes; cheeks scaly; scales ciliate. Interocular space flattened, 4 broader than eye; snout depressed a little longer than eye; lower jaw promi- nent; outer teeth enlarged; maxillary reaching front of eye. Dorsals contiguous. Color brownish, faint dark streaks on the fins. Belize; Cayenne. (Sauvage.) Length 100 mm, Evidently not different from Z, pisonis. 3030: 61 2202 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ward to anal; about 20 in a vertical series. Body elongate, depressed anteriorly; head especially very broad and flat; mouth large, broad, very oblique, the maxillary reaching nearly or quite to opposite poston mar- vin of eye, its length 2} to 23 in head; lower jaw considerably projecting. Teeth in jaws all equal, in broad bands, the outer not at all enlarged. Eye small, anterior, its length in adult 2 in interorbital width, which width is about 3 in head; a conspicuous knob at upper anterior and posterior angles of orbit; preopercular spine well developed, strong, com- pressed, directed downward and forward. Scales on head very small, mostly cycloid, covering cheeks and opercles and upper part of head to the eyes; seales on body smaller and smoother than in most other species, those on belly much smaller than those on sides; scales on back and belly cycloid, only those on sides distinctly etenoid. Pectoral fins moderate, reaching to near end of base of first dorsal, 1} in head; ventrals inserted just behind axil, reaching halfway to vent, about 2 in head. Interspace between dorsals about equal to diameter of eye. Soft dorsal and anal short and high, very similar, coterminous; last ray of anal a little longer than } length of head; caudal peduncle long, a little shorter than head. Caudal fin rounded, 14 in head. Color* dark, dull olivaceous brown, paler below; younger individuals mottled below with bluish and speckled with dark brown; sides without longitudinal stripes; fins dusky, all of them finely mottled and speckled with darker, the dark markings on dorsal and anal forming undulated longitudinal stripes; on pectorals amd ventrals forming dark bars. Distinguished from related species by the larger mouth with small, equal teeth, and the small, smoothish scales. Length about 18 inches. Streams of the Pacific Coast, from Sonora, south toPanama; abundant in Rio Presidio, at Mazatlan, where the types of L/. aquidens were taken; not rare about Panama. (pictus, painted.) Eleotris pictus, KNER & STEINDACHNER, Abh. Ah. Wiss. Wien 1864, 18, pl. 3, £1, Rio Bayano, near Panama; depth 6 to 7 in total length; scales 60. Culius cequidens, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1881, 461, Rio Presidio, near Mazatlan. (Types, Nos. 28268 and 29240. Coll. Gilbert.) Eleotris equidens JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 483. 805. ALEXURUS, Jordan. Alexurus, JORDAN, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 512 (armiger). 30dy elongate, covered with small cycloid scales; preopercle with a small, concealed, hooked spine at its angle, as in Hleotris; caudal fin broad, its base with many procurrent rays. In other respects similar to Eleotris. One species known; marine. (aA¢éw, to defend; dvpa, tail, from the caudal fulera.) * A young example shows the following details of coloration in life: Blackish every- where, sides with faint whitish streaks, along rows of scales a broad, blackish lateral band occupying whole of side, back and belly paler, traces of faint dark cross bands; caudal black, with a pale margin and some dark cross shades; pectorals, dorsals, and ventrals more or less barred with black; preopercular spine well developed; a whitish bar at base of caudal with a darker one before it. SS ee Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America, 2203 2525. ALEXURUS ARMIGER, Jordan & Richardson. Head 43; depth 8. D. VI-13; A. 11; V. I, 5; scales about 102-30; eye 8 in head; maxillary 23; mandible 24}; snout 53; interorbital 44; pectoral 14; caudal equals head; ventral 2; last dorsal ray 13. Body long and low, compressed posteriorly, depressed in front. Head flattish and broad above, the cheeks moderately tumid. Eyes small, high up, separated by a broad, flattish, interorbital space; snout short; mouth moderate, very oblique, the maxillary ceasing below the center of pupil; lower jaw very heavy, oblique, projecting beyond upper, its outline horseshoe-shaped, obtuse in front. Teeth in rather broad bands, the outer enlarged below, but scarcely so above; none of them canine-like. Top of head with very small scales; cheeks and opercles with rudimentary scales above; pre- opercle with a concealed antrorse hook below, as in Eleotris; scales on body very small, perfectly smooth, partially embedded; scales on nape and throat minute. Gill membranes extending a little forward below, so that the branchiostegals are free from the isthmus. Insertion of dorsal twice as far from middle of base of caudal as from tip of snout; the fin low, its slender rays slightly filamentous; soft dorsal low, its last ray highest; anal similar, beginning under second dorsal ray; caudal long, bluntly pointed behind, with strongly procurrent base above and below, the base above = length of head, formed of 14 short rays, that below a little shorter, of 12 rays, this procurrent portion forming an angle with the caudal proper where it joins it; pectorals and ventrals short, the ven- trals inserted under pectorals. Color olive green, dusky above, paler below, but everywhere covered with fine black dots; both dorsals with the membranes pale, the rays each barred with black; caudal mesially blackish, all the rays barred or checkered in fine pattern; pectoral and anal pale, similarly speckled, base of pectoral dusky; ventral finely speckled. La Paz, Lower California; 1 specimen, 64 inches long, taken by Mr. James A. Richardson. (armiger, bearing arms, from the concealed spine.) Alexurus armiger, JORDAN & RICHARDSON, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 511, pl. 48, La Paz. (Type in L.S. Jr, Univ. Mus. Coll. James A. Richardson.) 806. EROTELIS, Poey. (ESMERALDAS DE MarR.) Brotelis, Pony, Memorias, 1, 273, 1861 (valenciennesi—smaragdus). Body very slender, elongate, covered with minute cycloid scales. Ven- trals separate, the rays I,5. No teeth on vomer. Lower pharyngeals subtriangular, the teeth stiff, villiform, none of them lamelliform. Post- temporal bones short, strongly divergent, the distance between their insertions about equal to the narrow interorbital space; top of head with a strong median keel, highest on the occipital region; no supraoccipital crest; no preopercular spine. Mouth very oblique. One species known; strictly marine. (Name an anagram of Lleotris.) 2204 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2526. EROTELIS SMARAGDUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (ESMERALDA NEGRA; ESMERALDA DE MAR.) Head 44 to 54; depth 8 to 12. D. VI-I, 10; A. 1,9; V. 1,5; scales 100. Body very long and slender, compressed behind, the form much as in Gobius oceanicus. Head depressed, flattish above, the eyes mostly supe- rior, not + the width of the interorbital area, which has a knob near its middle. Mouth very oblique, the lower jaw much projecting, the maxil- lary about reaching front of eyes; teeth rather small, in bands. Fins rather high; dorsal spines slender, lower than the highest soft rays, which are 1} in head; caudal lanceolate, + longer than head; ventrals mod- erate, 2in head. Scales very small, cycloid. Color very dark green, almost black; the fins mostly bluish, the dorsal with brown lines; some dark markings about eye and on base of pectoral above. Length 8 inches. Coral shores among green alge; known from Key West and Cuba; not common; not entering rivers. Here described from Key West specimens. (Guapay dos, emerald.) Eleotris smaragdus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 231, 1887, Cuba; Jor- DAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 143. Erotelis valenciennesi, Pozy, Memorias, 11, 273, 1861, Cuba. Erotelis smaragdus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l, c., 484. 807. GYMNELEOTRIS, Bleeker. Gymneleotris, BLEEKER, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. des Gobioid., 304, 1874 (seminuda). Body scaled only posteriorly, the anterior half and the head naked, Ven- trals separate, 1,5. Vomer without teeth. Isthmus broad; skull without crests. Lower jaw with 4 large recurved teeth. Otherwise essentially as in Lleotris, the preopercle probably without spine. (yvusuvos, naked; Eleotris.) 2527. GYMNELEOTRIS SEMINUDUS (Giinther). Head 34. D. VII-11; A. 9. Head depressed, broader than high, flat above. Snout rather obtuse, longer than eye, lower jaw somewhat promi- nent; cleft of mouth extending to below anterior margin of orbit. Teeth in upper jaw in a narrow band, the lower having 4 somewhat larger and recurved teeth in front, appearing to form a single series; palate tooth- less. None of the fin rays prolonged; pectoral not quite extending to origin of second dorsal; ventral much shorter than pectoral, its inner ray the longest, the others gradually decreasing in length outward; caudal fin rounded. Head and trunk naked; tail covered with small scales. Brown, with numerous well-defined white cross stripes on head as well as on body; vertical fins black. Panama. (Giinther); known from the type only, a young example, 1? inches long; not seen by us. (seminudus, half- naked. ) BLleotris seminuda, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864, 24, pl. 4, figs. 2, 2a, Panama; GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 441, 1869. Gymneleotris seminuda, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 484. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2205 808. CHRIOLEPIS, Gilbert. Chriolepis, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 557 (minutillus). This genus differs from Gumneleotris, Bleeker, in the total absence of scales, and the absence of enlarged canines in the front of the mandible. Head and body compressed, the former as deep as wide. Ventrals sepa- rate, near together, the inner rays longest, each with 1 spine and 5 soft rays. Teeth in a rather wide band in upper jaw, the outer series some- what enlarged. Teeth in mandible in a single series, similar to outer row in upper jaw, none of them canine-like. Gill slits narrow; no dermal flaps oninner edge of shoulder girdle. Size small. (ypeza, want; Aezis, scale.) 2528. CHRIOLEPIS MINUTILLUS, Gilbert. Head 34; depth 44 in length. D. VII-12; A. 11. Mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching to below middle of orbit, 24 in head; eyes high up, but with lateral range, separated by a narrow interorbital space less than diameter of pupil; diameter of orbit nearly twice length of snout, 34 in head; dorsal spines high and slender, but not filamentous, the longest 4 length of head; soft dorsal rays higher, nearly $ length of head; the anal lower; caudal short, broadly rounded, the depth of peduncle } length of head; length of pectoral equaling that of head without snout. Color uniform light brown on head and body, above and below; fins dusky, the anal blackish. A single specimen, 1 inch long, from Albatross Station 2825, off the east coast of Lower California. (minuwtillus, very small.) Chriolepis minutillus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 558, Albatross Station 2825, Gulf of California, in 79 fathoms. 809. SICYDIUM, Cuvier & Valenciennes. Sicydium, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 168, 1837 (ylwmieri). Body subcylindrical, covered with rather small ctenoid scales; head oblong and broad, with cleft of mouth nearly horizontal; upper jaw prominent; snout obtusely rounded; lips very thick, the lower with a series of numerous slender horizontal teeth, of which sometimes only the extremities are visible; upper jaw with a single uniform series of numer- ous movable small teeth attached by ligament to edge of maxillary; behind this outer visible series lie numerous other parallel series of young teeth hidden in the gum, which succeed the former as they become worn out or broken; lower jaw with a series of widely set conical teeth; teeth all simple, slender, the distal half bent inward nearly at aright angle; eyes of moderate size; 2 dorsal fins, the anterior with 6 (5 or 7) flexible spines; caudal quite free; ventrals united into a short cup-shaped disk; gill openings of moderate width; 4 branchiostegals. Species few in the streams of the West Indies. (67xUdz0rv, diminutive of 61%Ua@, a gourd, or gourd-shaped cupping glass, from the ventral disk.) a. Body covered with small scales. b. Seales very small, about, 84. PLUMIERT, 2529. bb. Scales moderate, about 68. ANTILLARUM, 2530. aa. Body nearly naked. VINCENTE, 2531. 2206 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ee 2529. SICYDIUM PLUMIERI (Bloch). (SIRAJO.) Head 4 to 42; depth 44; eye 6 to 7 in head, 2 to 3 in interorbital width. D. VI-I, 10; A.1,10; scales 84. Teeth in upper jaw long, slender, bent inward at right angles, only the lips protruding from the gums. Front teeth of lower jaw not larger than those behind; a single row of incon- _ spicuous papille on the gum beneath the upper lip, alarge median papilla above the maxillary suture; a median cleft in the upper lip. Pectorals longer than head; third, fourth, and fifth dorsal spines produced into long ribbons, the fourth, which is the longest, being 2 to 3 times height of body. Body usually covered with small scales, reduced in size on neck and belly ; frequently almost naked, the scales present only on posterior part of body. Caudal deeply emarginate. Color olive or violet brown, with about 7 more or less distinct dark vertical bars; a dark bar at base of pectoral; dorsal with irregular dark markings; anal fin with a dark marginal band, sometimes edged with white; an H-shaped figure on base of caudal fin, and a black bar on its posterior half. Fresh waters of the West Indies. (Named for Pére Charles Plumier, who discovered the species at Martinique.) Gobins plumieri, BLocu, Ichth., 125, pl. 178, fig. 3, 1786, Martinique; on a drawing by PLUMIER. Sicydium siragus, PoEY, Memorias, I, 278, 1861, Santiago de Cuba. Sicydium plumierii, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 168, 1837; GILL, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1860, 101; GimnTHER, Cat., 17, 92, 1861; OGILVIE-GRANT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, 156, pl. 11, fig. 1; JoRDAN & EIGENMANN, J. c., 484; EIGENMANN & EIGEN- MANN, l. c., 56. 2530. SICYDIUM ANTILLARUM, Ogilvie-Grant. Head 42; depth 6; width of head 3 length. D.VI-I,10; A.I,10; scales 68. Teeth in upper jaw long, slender, and bent inward over the gum at right angles. A row of small lamelliform transverse papille on the gum beneath upper lip, with a larger median lamelliform papilla above maxil- lary suture; aslight median cleft in upper lip; maxille at right angles to one another; horizontal teeth conspicuous. Seales on body and tail subequal and larger than those on neck and belly. Mavxilla not extending to vertical from posterior margin of eye, the diameter of which is con- tained 6} times in length of head and twice in interorbital space. Length of pectoral greater than that of head. The third, fourth, and fifth dorsal spines produced into long narrow ribands; the fourth, which is longest, nearly 3 times height of body; second dorsal considerably higher than body. Color uniform violet brown; dorsal fins with irregular wavy dark markings; anal with a black and white marginal band; caudal witha dark band on upper margin. One specimen, 43 inches long, from Barba- dos (Ogilvie-Grant); not seen by us. (antillarum of the Antilles. ) Sicydium antillarwm, OGILYIE-GRANT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, 157, Barbados. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2207 2531. SICYDIUM VINCENTE, Jordan & Evermann, new species. Another species of Sicydiuwm or of some related genus is thus mentioned by Dr. Eigenmann: ‘“ Mr. Samuel Garman collected several hundred speci- mens of this species at Kingston, St. Vincent. Most of these specimens are less than an inch in length, the longest 14 inches; they differ consid- erably in coloration from the adult; most are entirely naked, a few of those examined haying scales only on the posterior part of the body. Caudal deeply emarginate. There are traces of about 7 dark vertical bars; a black bar at base of pectoral; dorsals with several series of black spots; an H-shaped figure on base of caudal, a black bar on the posterior half of caudal fin; belly and lower part of body plain; everywhere else with black points. The specimens collected by Mr.Garman may be the types of a new species. No large specimens were collected at the Island of St. Vincent. Specimens 14 inches in length from Hayti have the fins plain and a series of blotches along the middle of the posterior part of the body; the body, except the belly, is entirely covered with scales which are plainly ctenoid.” (EKigenmann.) (Named for St. Vincent.) Sicydium vincente, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 456, 1896, St. Vincent Island; name only. 810. COTYLOPUS, Guichenot. Cotylopus, GUICHENOT, in Maillard, Notes sur |’ Isle de la Réunion, 11, Addendum 9, 1864 (acutipinnis). Sicya, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 456, 1896 (gymnogaster). This genus is closely allied to Sicydium, agreeing closely with the latter in external characters and in the absence of larger teeth in front of lower jaw; it differs chiefly in the form of the upper teeth which are curved, tricuspid, and trident-shaped, the middle cusp either permanent (Cotylo- pus) or else worn away leaving the tooth apparently bicuspid (Sicya). (xotVAy cup; zovs, foot.) SICYA (otxva, a gourd, or gourd-shaped cup): a. Teeth in upper jaw curved, tricuspid, trident-shaped, the lateral lobes long, the middle short and suspended between the outer lobes, and soon wearing away leaving the tooth apparently bicuspid. b. Neck and belly naked; a double or triple row of small papillz on the gum be- neath the upper lip. GYMNOGASTER, 2532. bb. Neck and belly covered with small scales; gum beneath the upper lip smooth. SALVINI, 2533. Subgenus SICYA, Jordan & Evermann. 2532. COTYLOPUS GYMNOGASTER (Ogilvie—Grant). Head 4} to 5; depth 5} to 6. D. VI-I, 10; A. I, 10; scales 60 to 64; eye 6 in head, twice in interorbital space. Teeth in the upper jaw tri- cuspid, the middle cusp, which is situated at the anterior end of tooth, is very soft and soon becomes worn away. A double or treble row of small papille on the gum beneath the upper lip, without a larger median papilla; upper lip with a very slight median notch; maxille containing an angle of about 75°; horizontal teeth more or less inconspicuous. Scales strongly ctenoid; neck and bellynaked. Length of pectoral greater than 2208 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. that of head. Second, third, and fourth dorsal spines produced into fila- ments; the third, which is the longest, twice height of body; second dor- sal higher than body. Color violet brown, yellowish in young specimens, shaded with indistinct transverse bands of darker; irregular brown spots on axis of pectoral, and a broad dark band from base of pectoral to root of caudal, both more or less indistinct in adult specimens; fins violet, clouded with darker. Length 4% inches. Streams about Mazatlan (Ogilvie-Grant); not seen by us. (yuuvds, naked; yaornp, belly.) Sicydium gymnogaster, OGILVIE-GRANT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, 158, pl. 11, fig. 2, and pl. 12, fig. 6, Mazatlan. Sicyopterus gymnogaster, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 485. 2538. COTYLOPUS SALVINI (Ogilvie-Grant). Head 42; depth 64. D.VI-9 or 10; A.I, 10; scales 78; eye 5} in head, twice in interorbital space. Teeth in upper jaw tricuspid; the middle cusp, which is situated at anterior end of tooth, very soft and soon becomes worn away. Gum beneath upper lip smooth; a median papillose tubercle above maxillary suture; upper lip with a small median notch; maxille containing an angle of about 75°; horizontal teeth conspicuous. Scales ctenoid, those on neck and belly smaller than those on body and tail. Length of pectoral rather greater than that of head. Second and third dorsal spines subequal and produced into short filaments, 1} times height of body; second dorsal not so high as body. Color olive brown; anal yel- low, with a black and white band along margin; membrane of second dorsal clear, spotted with brown; caudal with a dark and yellow band round the extremity. Length 43inches. Streams near Panama; 1 speci- men known. (Ogilvie-Grant.) (Named for Osbert Salvin, who collected largely in Central America for the British Museum.) Sicydium salvini, OGILVIE-GRANT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, 159, pl. 12, fig. 2, Panama. Sicyopterus salvini, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l.c., 485. 811. EVORTHODUS, Gill. Evorthodus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 195 (breviceps). Body elongate, covered with ctenoid scales of moderate size. Head thick, short, naked. Isthmus moderate. Teeth in a single series, with the crown emarginate, those of the lower jaw horizontal; no canines. First dorsal of 6 spines; ventral fins united, not adherent to the belly, otherwise as in Gobius, so far as known. (ev, well; dp%ds, straight; 06 0US, tooth. ) 2534. EVORTHODUS BREVICEPS, Gill. Head 43, about as deep as wide; depth 43. D. VI-I,10; A.I, 11; eye 3. Teeth emarginate, uniserial, those of lower jaw nearly horizontal. Snout blunt, profile evenly decurved; caudal rounded, 3 in length of body; some of the dorsal rays filamentous. Color light brown, with irregular black- ish blotches along sides; 2 black spots at base of caudal fin, 1 above the other, alternating with 1 more anterior on the peduncle; first dorsal Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2209 with 2 bands parallel with its upper margin; second dorsal with 3 nar- row longitudinal bands. (Gill.) Fresh waters of Trinidad and Surinam; not seen by us. (brevis, short; -ceps, head.) Evorthodus breviceps, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 195, Trinidad; JORDAN & EIGEN- MANN, J. c., 486. 812. LOPHOGOBIUS, Gill. (CRESTED GOBIES.) Lophogobius, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 240 (cristagalli=cyprinoides). Dorsal spines 6; scales evidently ctenoid. Body short, compressed, form much as in Dormitator; nape with fleshy crest; scales large. Vertebra 11+15. Interorbital area of cranium anteriorly elevated, with a large foramen-like depression in front of eye. One species, differing consider- ably in form from the other Gobies. The study of its skeleton shows no distinction of much importance unless the peculiar form of its interorbital area be regarded as such. (Adgos, crest; Gobius.) 2535. LOPHOGOBIUS CYPRINOIDES (Pallas). Head 32; depth 32; greatest width 54 to 64. D. VI or VII-10 or 11; A. 9or10; scales 26 t030; vertebra 11-415; eye3}to4. Body short and deep, little compressed, formed much as in Cyprinodon; head naked, a prominent naked dermal crest extending from above middle of eye to near front of spinous dorsal; interorbital width slightly less than diameter of eye; profile convex; snout short, bluntish, about as long as eye; mouth very oblique, the gape slightly curved; front of upper lip on level of lower border of eye; lower jaw somewhat projecting; teeth in both jaws in bands, the outer series erect and somewhat enlarged, those of the inner series small; scales large, reduced on breast and nape; a few scales on upper part of opercle; median line before dorsal naked; dorsal spines produced in short filaments; last rays of soft dorsal reaching caudal; caudal rounded; pectorals lanceolate, reaching beyond insertion of anal, the upper rays not silk-like; skull very broad and short, with low, median crest, highest behind; double crests of temporal region joining at the upper posterior angles of the eyes and forming a bridge over the interorbital area, the crests ending abruptly above the anterior part of the orbit, forming a decided angle, the bridged interorbital leaving a large foramen in front of this angle. Color blackish green in life; spinous dorsal black; soft dorsal, ventrals, and anal dark, plain; pectorals lightish, plain; caudal finely mottled. Length 2 inches. West Indies, north to southern Florida; generally common in the streams and brackish waters of Cuba and other islands. Recently taken by Dr. Evermann in brackish water at Biscayne Bay, Florida. (xumpivos, carp; é7dos, resemblance. ) Gobius cyprinoides, PALLAS, Spicilegia, Zool., Vil, 17, pl. 1. fig. 5, 1770, Amboina; Cuvier & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xu, 129, 1837; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 8, 1861. Gobius cristagalli, VALENCIENNES, in CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 130, _ 1837, Havana; GUICHENOT, in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, 128, pl. 3, fig. 3, 1850. Lophogobius cyprinoides, PoEY, Repertorio, 1, 335, 1867; Pory, Synopsis, 393, 1868; PoEY, Enumeratio, 125, 1876; JorDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 487; EVER- MANN & KENDALL, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897, 131, plate 9, fig. 13. 2210 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 813. GOBIUS (Artedi) Linnus. (GOBIES. ) Gobius, ARTEDI, Genera, 28, 1728 (Gobius ex nigricante varius, etc., —niger). Gobius, LiNN&US, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 262, 1758 (niger, etc.), and of authors generally. Gobionellus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 168 (hastatws = oceanicus). Ctenogobius, GILL, Fish. Trinidad, 374, 1858 (fasciatus). Buctenogobius, GiLt, Annals Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 1859, 45 (badiws). Smaragdus, PoEY, Memorias, I, 279, 1861 (smaragdus). 2 Pomatoschistus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 263, footnote (minutus). Ooryphopterus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 263 (glaucofrenum). 2 Deltentosteus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 263, footnote (quadrimaculatus). 2 Gobiichthys, KLUNZINGER, Fisch. Rothen Meeres, 479, 1871 (petersii). ? Mesogobius, BLEEKER, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. Gobioid., 317, 1874 (guavina). 2 Stenogobius, BLEEKER, l. ¢., 317 (gymnopomus). 2 Oligolepis, BLEEKER, I. ¢., 318 (melanostigma). 2?Gnatholepis, BLEEKER, l. c., 318 (anjerensis). 2 Callogobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 318 (hasselti). 2? Hypogymnogobius, BLEEKER, l. ¢., 318 (wanthozona). ? Hemigobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 318 (melanurus). ?Cephalogobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 320 (sublitus). 2? Acentrogobius, BLEEKER, l. ¢c., 321 (chlorostigma). ? Porogobius, BLEEKER, /. c., 321 (schlegeli). 2Amblygobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 322 (sphinz). Zonogobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 323 (semifasciatus). ? Odontogobius, BLEEKER, l. ¢c., 323 (bynoénsia). 2Stigmatogobius, BLEEKER, l. ¢c., 323 (pleurostigma). 2Oxyurichthys, BLEEKER, l. c., 324 (belosso). Lythrypnus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 458, 1896 (dallit). Body oblong or elongate, compressed behind. Head oblong, more or less depressed. Eyes high, anterior, close together; opercles unarmed. Mouth moderate. Teeth on jaws only, conical, in several series, those in the outer row enlarged; no canines. Isthmus broad. Shoulder girdle without fleshy flaps or papille. Skull depressed, abruptly widened behind the eyes and without distinct median keel. Scales moderate, ctenoid, permanently covering the body; ckeeks usually naked; belly generally scaly. Dorsal with 6 rather weak spines; pectorals well devel- oped, the upper rays sometimes very slender and silky; ventrals com- pletely united, not adnate to the belly; caudal fin usually obtuse. Species very numerous. The genus Gobius, as here understood, comprises a very large number of species more or less closely related to the European type of the genus, Gobius niger, and its American relative, Gobius soporator. An examination of skulls or skeletons of numerous European and American species shows a remarkable uniformity in most respects. The general form and structure of the cranium is the same in all, the only differences being very minor ones in the height of certain crests. Gobius oceanicus seems the most aberrant, but seems to be inseparable generically on account of intermediate forms. Probably several of the many genera indicated by Bleeker will prove valid, but only a thorough study of skele- tons can establish them. It is not unlikely that Ctenogobius, to which group most of our species belong, may be separable from Gobius. (xa/316s; Latin, Gobius or Gobio, a name applied to the gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2211 to other small fishes; allied to Cobitis, chub, etc. According to Aposto- lides xa265 and yafs1ds are common names in modern Greek for all species of the genus Gobius. Aristotle a/31ds, 610b, 4, 598a 11 16, 5085 16, 569b 23, 621b 13 19, 567b 11, 591d 13, 601d 22, 835) 14. The 09/3105 has many pyloric appendages above the stomach, spawns near the land on the rocks, the bunches of eggs are flat and crumbling; it feeds on mud, sea- weed, sea moss, etc.; lives near the land, gets fat in the rivers, and is found in schools. The white ~a@/zds, found in the Euripus of Lesbos, never leaves that lagoon for the open sea as the other fishes found there do. Latin Gobio and Cobio, Plin. Gobius, Ovid., Hal. 12,8. Martial 13, 88. Horace A. Hoffman.) GOBIUS: a. Upper rays of pectoral fin silk-like; i.e., short and very slender and flexible, free for nearly their whole length. b. Body robust, compressed posteriorly ; depth 42 to 54 in length; head broad, low, rounded in profile, its length 37, to 32 in body; eye 4 to5in head; mouth large, little oblique; lips thick; teeth in both jaws in bands, the outer series enlarged; those on lower jaw subequal; scales large, strongly ctenoid, smaller on nape and belly ; dorsal spines short, none filamentous. Color oliva- ceous, light or dark, varying from sand color to greenish black, every- where mottled and marbled with dark and paler; a faint dusky spot behind eye. D. VI-9o0r10; A.1I,7to9. Scales 36 to 41. SOPORATOR, 2536. CTENOGOBIUS (xrecs, comb; Gobius): aa. Upper rays of pectoral normal, not silk-like, similar to the others. c. Scales large, 25 to 33. d. Color in life olivaceous, more or less spotted, never red. e. Dorsal soft rays 12 to 14; vertex and nape with a slight median fold of skin. J. Body compressed, its depth 5in length; head 34 to 32; eye 3 to 3% in head; vertex and nape with a slight median fold of skin; maxillary reaching about to front of pupil; lower jaw very slightly produced; teeth in bands, the outer slightly enlarged. Olivaceous; spinous dorsal black at tip; second dorsal finely checkered in adult. D. VI-14; A. I,11. Scales 25 or 26-10. NICHOLSII, 2537. J. Body long. not much compressed; head 34; eye 3 in head; no median fold on vertex and nape; a dark spot on first dorsal. EIGENMANNI, 2538. ee. Dorsal soft rays 10 to 12; no median fold of skin on vertex and nape. g- Caudal with 2 spots at its base; jaws unequal, the lower slightly produced; body robust, compressed behind, the depth 5 in total length; head 43; eye longer than snout, 34 in head; maxillary reaching pupil; teeth in a band, the outer enlarged and distant, the inner enlarged and bent back- ward. Brownish; a faint blue spot on each scale; six spots along middle of back; similar spots on scapular region and middle of sides; 2 spots on base of caudal; a dark spot above opercle; blue dots on head; a straight blue line crossing cheek above and continued on opercle; dorsals faintly spot- ted. D.VI-10; A.10. Scales 25-7. (Gill.) GLAUCOFR.ENUM, 2539. gg- Caudal plain or with but a single spot at its base. h. Dorsal spines low, the highest little longer than head. i. Region from nape to dorsal entirely scaled. j. Pores on preopercle not very conspicuous; no canine teeth. 221 bo Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. k. Body very slender, compressed, the depth 53 in length; caudal much longer than head; mouth rather large, the lower jaw pro- jecting; teeth unequal, rather strong; yellowish, much spotted with darker. D. VI-12; A.12. Scales 35. MANGLICOLA, 2540. kk. Body subfusiform, little compressed; depth 44 in length; head blunt, 4 in length, rounded in profile; eye equal to snout, 4 in head. Mouth small, horizontal, the lower jaw included; maxillary 3 in head, reaching to below eye. Teeth small, in bands in both jaws, the outer enlarged, those of the upper jaw very slender. Seales large, ctenoid, those of nape and belly little reduced. Longest dorsal spine shorter than head. Caudal scarce- ly pointed, about as long as head. Color whitish gray, middle of sides with 4 or 5 dark blotches, from each of which a narrow dark bar extends downward and forward; alarge black blotch above pectorals, obsolete in female; a small black spot at base of caudal; a dark mark below eye; vertical fins barred. D. VI-12; A.1llor12. Scales 33. STIGMATURUS, 2541. jj- Pores on preopercle very conspicuous; lower jaw with small canies. D. VI-I,9; A.I,9. QUADRIPORUS, 2542. it. Region between nape and dorsal with anarrow naked median strip. Body moderately elongate, sub- fusiform, the depth 54 in length. Head large, not so blunt as in G. boleosoma, its length 32 to 33 in length; anterior profile gently decurved; snout 3i to 34 in head; eye 4; mouth large, slightly ob- lique; maxillary entending to front of pupil, 24 in head. Teeth small, slender and curved, in moder- ate bands. Scales moderate, ctenoid, those in front much reduced in size; breastnaked. Long- est dorsal spine14in head. Caudalas long as head, somewhat pointed. Olivaceous, mottled with gray; about 5 rounded dark blotches along middle of sides, the last forming a spot at base of caudal; no dark spot on side of nape; some dark marks on head; vertical fins barred. D. VI-12; A. 13. Scales 33 to 35. SHUFELDTI, 2543. sii. Region between nape and dorsal entirely naked. l. Highest rays of second dorsal little more than 4 head, none of them reaching base of caudal. m. Profile much decurved, skull rounded be- hind, without distinct median ridge; mouth horizontal. Body elongate, deepest below front of dorsal, tapering regularly backward, the greatest depth 54 in length. Head short, blunt, pro- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2213 file anteriorly abruptly decurved, cheek somewhat swollen. Length of head 34 in body. Snout about equal eye, 3; in head. Mouth horizontal, maxillary reaching to below pupil (in male); lower jaw included. Teeth in each jaw in a band, the outer row of the upper jaw large, recurved. Scales large, ctenoid, somewhat reduced an- teriorly. Nape, breast, and belly na- ked. Dorsal spines about 3% of head. Caudal pointed, 23 to 34 in body. Color olivaceous, with numerous dark re- ticulations on the back; 5 black spots along the sides, the last forming a spot on base of caudal, sometimes with V-shaped dark bars extending from them to dorsal; breast and sides of belly with numerous dark specks in male; a dark line between eyes; a dark line from eye to middle of premaxillary, some dark spots be- low eye, sometimes forming bars, sometimes a stripe; a large oblique spot above pectorals, continued on opercle; a black spot at base of pecto- ral; dorsals and caudal barred, anal uniform dusky, ventrals and pectorals black in male, white in female. D. VI-11; A.10to12. Scales 25 to 30. BOLEOSOMA, 2544, mm. Profile moderately decurved; eye longer than snout, 33in head. Color yellow- ish, oblong dark blotches on middle of sides; dorsal and caudal barred. Head 4; depth 6. D. VI-12; A. 10. FASCIATUS, 2545. Wu. Highest rays of second dorsal as long as head, the last reaching base of caudal. Body elongate, the back not arched; depth 6 in length; head 4, not compressed, the cheeks tumid. Profile abruptly decurved, the snout 3} in head. Mouth large, nearly horizontal, the maxillary reaching poste- rior edge of eye in males, middle of eye in females. Teeth in narrow bands in each jaw, the outer somewhat enlarged, the outer in some (males?) much enlarged above and recurved, the enlarged teeth fixed, the others movable. Scales large, ctenoid, reduced anteriorly; belly naked. Dorsal spines little filamentous, the long- est about equal to head; caudal 24 to 3 in body. Males dark olive, with 4 oblong dark blotches along middle of sides; a dark caudal spot; a black blotch larger than eye on each side of shoulder; dorsal spotted; 2214 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. caudal reddish above, dusky below; fe- males with 5 oblong dark blotches on sides, the last on base of caudal; from each of the middle blotches a V-shaped bar runs to the back; a black shoulder blotch; a dark bar from eye to mouth; ventrals pale, with 2 dark streaks. D. VI-11; A.12. Scales 30 (27 to 33) at least in males. ENCAZOMUS, 2546. hh. Dorsal spines high, the highest reaching past middle of second dorsal. Nape scaly. Body elongate, moder- ately compressed. n. Depth 5 to 6 in length. Profile little decurved, skull flattish behind, much broader than in Gobius boleosoma, with an evident median ridge; mouth very oblique, much larger than in G. boleosoma; lower jaw thin and flat. Back . slightly arched. Body a little deeper and rather less compressed than in G@. encceeomus, the depth 5to6inlength. Head 4. Anterior profile mod- erately decurved. Eye 34 in head. Mouth large, oblique; maxillary reaching to below pupil in both sexes. Teeth above uniserial, some of them enlarged and recurved; lower teeth in a narrow band; males sometimes with the hindermost of the outer series a strong, exserted, recurved canine; belly naked. Long- est dorsal spine 3 head in females, elevated in males; soft dorsal elevated in males; caudal 34 in body. Color light greenish; sides of male with 5 or 6 narrow, straight, rather sharply defined whitish or yellowish cross bars, regularly placed; 4 dark bars. 3 below eye and 1 on opercle; a small dark spot behind and above opercle; vertical fins barred; female with a row of irregular dark spots connected by a dusky streak, and with the pale cross bars obso- lete. D. VI-12; A.13. Scales 27. STIGMATICUS, 2547. nn. Depth 4% in length; the profile very obtuse anteri- orly; mouth nearly horizontal, the maxillary extending beyond pupil, 22 in head. Teeth strong, uniserial, 4 shortish canines in lower jaw behind the other teeth; upper teeth largest. Some of the dorsal spines filamentous, reaching (in male) past middle of second dorsal; caudal 4 longer than head; scales large, ctenoid, those on nape and belly much reduced in size. Dark olive, with 4 or 5 irregular, confluent, blackish cross bands, besides irregular, dark blotches; head marked with darker; fins mostly dusky; caudal dark blue with 2 red longitudinal stripes. D. VI-11; A.10. Scales 27. LYRICUS, 2548. nnn. Depth 4inlength; mouth nearly horizontal; teeth short and thick, uniserial; ‘yellowish, much mottled and blotched. D. VI-11; A.11. Scales 30. GARMANI, 2549. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2215 dd, Color in life, cherry red, with many bluish cross bars; body stout; depth 4Lin length. D.VI-11; A.9. Scales large. ZEBRA, 2550. ec. Scales moderate or small, 40 to 90. o. Soft dorsal and anal short, each of 10 to14 rays; body more or less elongate. EUCTENOGOBIUS (ev, well; «teis, comb; Gobius): p. Caudal rounded, not much longer than head. q. Scales 40; dorsal with 9 soft rays only; anal with 9; depth 64 in total length; head broad, flattish; snout short, decurved; eye 44 in head, 14 in interorbital area, longer than snout; maxillary extending to below middle of eye. Some of the dorsal spines produced in filaments, the third 14 times depth of body; caudal short, rounded. Two rows of ill-defined blotches on upper half of body; 2 rows of brownish spots on second dorsal, the upper strongly marked POEYI, 2551. qq. Scales 50; dorsal and anal with 10 soft rays each; profile very oblique. Color dark brown. BADIUS, 2552. GOBIONELLUS* (diminutive of Gobius): pp. Caudal lanceolate, much longer than head; lower jaw thin; usually a green spot on roof of mouth in life. r, Body rather deep, the depth about 5 in length. s. Teeth minute, seen with a lens only. Dorsal spines fila- mentous; scales much reduced below. D.VI-13; A. 14. Scales 62. MICRODON, 2553. ss. Teeth well developed. é. Scales rather large, 39 to 42; body moderately elon- gate, compressed; depth 54; head 4. Head not compressed, the cheeks tumid, the snout short, abruptly decurved; mouth large, little oblique, the jaws equal, the maxillary 24 in head, reaching to below pupil; eye 5 in head; teeth above large, unequal, uniserial, some of them fixed, those be- low small, in a band. Scales anteriorly cycloid, becoming larger posteriorly, and ctenoid; dorsal spines scarcely filamentous, none of them as high as body; caudal 24 in body. Light olive, with dark olive blotches; body and head with many conspicuous round spots of cream color, each surrounded by a dusky ring, these most distinct on the head, all smaller than pupil; snout with dusky streaks; dorsals and caudal sharply barred; analand ventrals dusky (in male) ; asmall round spot at base of caudal. D.VI-11; A.11. SMARAGDUS, 2554, tt. Scales comparatively small (53). Body elongate, compressed behind; head a little compressed, 3} in length; depth 5; eye 34 in head, shorter than the rounded snout; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye; teeth small, the outer a little enlarged; dorsal spines all shorter than head, not filamentous. Nape scaly, its scales much reduced in size; scales ctenoid. Two violet stripes from eye to mouth; 8 or 9 violet bars on sides; 3 or 4 bars on caudal; second dorsal spotted. D. VI-12; A.11 or 12. STRIGATUS, 2555. rr. Body elongate, the depth 6} to 9 in length; head 44; teeth well developed; caudal very long. * Gobionellus is probably generically distinct from Gobius and Ctenogobius, but at pres- ent we do not know how to limit it, and therefore we are unable to define it. 2216 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. u. Scales 55 to 60; eye longer than snout, 4in head; mouth slightly oblique, the jaws equal, the maxillary not reaching center of eye; teeth in a narrow band, the outer much enlarged and separated from the others by a narrow interspace. Second dorsal spine not equal to depth of body. Caudal 3} in body. Scales on nape and axil very small, those on posterior part of body much larger. Light olive green; a series of brown spots along middle of tail; sides of head with dusky blotches, vertical fins dotted with black. D. VI-13; A.14. Scales 58-20. SAGITTULA, 2556. uu. Scales very small (60 to 90); caudal more than twice as long as headin adult. Body compressed, extremely elongate, the depth 6 to 9 in length; head higher than wide, short, compressed, 44 to5in length; mouth wide, oblique; maxillary in adult reaching to below posterior border of eye. Lower jaw very thin and flat; teeth in both jaws small, subequal, those in the upper jaw in a single series, those of the lower in a narrow band; outer teeth somewhatmovable. Scales anteriorly small, cycloid, embedded, those behind larger and ctenoid; a few scales on upper anterior corner of opercle; dorsal fins high, some of the spines filamentous, longer than head. Caudal very long filamentous, 2 to 22in body. Lightolive; fins dusky in male; a round, black spot on side, a little larger than eye, below spinous dorsal; first dorsal spine with 2 or 3 black spots; a small dusky spot at base of caudal; emerald spot on tongue conspicuous, fad- ing in spirits. D. VI-14; A.14 or 15. v. Head 534 to 6 in length; scales 60 to 70; patch of scales on opercle obsolete. HASTATUS, 2557. vv. Head 7 to 8 in length; scales about 90; patch of scales on opercle well developed. OCEANICUS, 2558. LYTHRYPNUS (AvOpov, gore; izvds, slumberer; a red sleeper) : oo. Soft dorsal andanal very long; D. VI-17; A.14. Body short, compressed ; mouth very oblique; jaws with distant canine-like teeth. Coral red, with bluish crossbands and markings. Scales 40. DALLII, 2559. Subgenus GOBIUS. 2536. GOBIUS SOPORATOR,* Cuvier & Valenciennes. (SLEEPER; Mapo; CATMAN.) Head 311; to 33; depth 42 to 54; eye 4to 5. D. VI-I, 9or10; A. I, 7 to 9; scales 35 to 41—13 to 15. Vert. 11+16. Body robust, compressed pos- *The specimens examined are from Panama, Barbados, Paré, Itapuana, Cuba, Gala- agos, Sambara, Bahia, Urange Key, Bahamas, Pernambuco, St. Thomas, Tortugas, Florida eys, Martinique, Sao Matheas, Curuca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Doce. ‘' The color varia- tions among examples of this species are very great, specimens from one locality varying from plain sand color, or gray, to greenish black; some dark brown specimens have light bars across the back; in others the scales have light centers forming horizontal series of light lines; sometimes there are light spots on sides of head and cheek; some speci- - mens are conspicuously marbled with light and dark brown, and white spots occur in the centers of some of the scales on specimens of any ground color, these white spots being brighter on some of the scales than on the others, forming interrupted longitudinal lines. If any value could be placed upon the coloration, almost every specimen would be a distinct species. The color variation is irrespective of locality, some localities having all the above-described variations. The types of Poey's mapo, lacertus, and brunneus prove to be color varieties of Gobius soporator,” (Eigenmann.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2217 teriorly; head broad, low, rounded in profile; mouth large, little oblique; lips thick; teeth on upper jaw in a broad band, those of outer series en- larged, the inner ones minute; teeth on lower jaw in a broad band, the outer row enlarged, but not quite as large as the outer series on upper jaw. Anterior half of trunk scaled, head naked; scales large, strongly ctenoid, smaller on nape and belly. Dorsal spines short, not filamentous; upper rays of pectoral fin silk-like, short, and very slender and flexible, free for nearly their whole length; caudal short. Skull posteriorly much as in Lophogobius cyprinoides, but the median crest reduced to a slight ridge. Lateral crests very high and closely approximated, rising obliquely outward; the inner crests meeting behind eye, the outer ones forming a very high border about the orbit. Interorbital very narrow and deep, with a median ridge. Coloration that of the rocks, usually granite gray or olivaceous, light or dark, varying from sand color to greenish black, everywhere mottled and marbled with darker and paler, often with brassy or greenish; a faint dusky spot behind eye; coloration varying indefinitely with the surroundings; pectorals, dorsals, and caudal generally mottled ; anal and ventrals usually plain. Length 3 to 6 inches. Specimens from Pensacola show the following characters: Head 34 (4 in total); depth4 (5). D. VI-10; A. 1,9; scales 30 to 38; 12 rows of scales from first dorsal down- ward and backward to anal. Scales on nape extremely small, those on sides firm, ctenoid; first dorsal with an oblique median shade of blackish, the base in front and the distal part light orange; second dorsal dusky at the base, with some spots, its margin light orange; caudal reddish, with dusky cross lines or spots; anal and ventral dusky, yellowish at base in the female; pectoral olivaceous, yellowish at base, reddish at tip, 2 dark spots on base of pectorals. Form robust. Head rather blunt and heavy, the snout less abruptly decurved than in G. lyricus. Mouth moderate, the jaws equal, the maxillary reaching about to front of pupil, 23 in head. Teeth in moderate bands, the outer series somewhat enlarged. Cheeks full, tumid. Eyes moderate, placed rather high, much broader than the interorbital space. Dorsal spines slender, the first longer than the other, but not filamentous, 1? in head; caudal rounded, 14 in head; upper rays of pectorals silk-like, the fin somewhat longer than the ventral, 14 in head. Color in life, very deep olive green, the back and sides obscurely barred and much marbled with different shades of olive green; cheeks with dark mark- ings, forming reticulations around pale spots; whole under part of head blackish in the males, yellowish in the females. Tropical seas; universally distributed and almost everywhere common, lurking among stones or on sand in shallow water, or in rock pools, moving very quickly when dis- turbed; north on our coast to Carolina and Gulf of California. The commonest of all shore fishes in tropical America. Among our species it seems to be the one most nearly related to the European Gobius niger, and it may, therefore, be held to represent the subgenus Gobius, if our other species be placed in different subgenera. Perhaps all the others will ultimately be removed from Gobius. Gobius soporator, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 56, 1837, Martinique; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 26, 549, 1861; Pony, Enumeratio, 124, 1876; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 634, 1883. 3030——62 2218 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Gobius lineatus, JENYNS, Zool. Voy. Beagle, 95, pl. 19. fig. 2, 1842, Galapagos Archipelago. (Coll. Charles Darwin.) Gobius catulus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, St. Joseph Island, Texas; GirarD, U.S.and Mex. Bound. Survey, Zool., 26, pl. 12, figs. 9 and 10,1859; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l.c., 493. Gobius mapo, Porky, Memorias, 1, 277, 1861, Cuba; PorEy, Synopsis, 392, 1868. Gobius lacertus, Porky, Memorias, I, 278, 1861, Cuba; PoEY, Synopsis, 392, 1868 ; POEY, Enu- meratio, 125, 1876. Gobius andrei, SAUVAGE, Bull. Soe. Philom., Ser. 7, Iv, 44, 1880, Rio Guayas, Ecuador. (Coll. André.) . Gobius carolinensis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 268, Charleston, South Carolina; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 634, 1883. Gobius brunneus, Pory, Synopsis, 393, 1868, Havana; name preoccupied. Evorthodus catulus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 632, 1883. According to Dr. Eigenmann, Gobius albopunctatus of the Western Pacific can not be separated from Gobius soporator. In this case several other synonyms should be added. Subgenus CTENOGOBIUS, Gill. 2537. GOBIUS NICHOLSII, Bean. Head 3} to 32; depth 5 to 54. D. VI-I, 12 to 14; A. I, 11; seales 25 or 26-10. Body compressed; width of head about twice in its length. Mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching to front of pupil, 24 to 3 in head; lower jaw very slightly produced. Teeth present on both jaws; the outer series of long, conical teeth, placed at a considerable distance apart; the enlarged teeth on lower jaw not extending on the sides; the inner series of a band of small teeth. Interorbital space very narrow, equaling pupil. Snout 4 to 44 in head. Eyes large, placed high, 3 to 3}in head. Caudal peduncle 2? to 3} in head. Scales large, caducous, ctenoid; lacking on head, nape, and fins. Dorsal spines slender, flexible; base of first dorsal 12 to 2in head; soft dorsal and anal similar; base of anal 1} to 14 in base of soft dorsal, and 14 to 14 in head; ventrals 14 to 12 in head, inserted below or slightly behind origin of pectorals; pectorals reaching a con- siderable distance beyond ventrals, 1; to 14 in head; caudal rounded, not equaling head. Color in spirits, light yellowish brown, with traces of darker, lighter below; ventrals usually dusky; spinous dorsal nar- rowly margined with black; second dorsal finely checkered in adult; other fins yellowish, not distinctly marked. Length 2 to 34 inches. Coast of British Columbia; not rare. Here described from 5 specimens from Albatross Station 2944, numbered 66 in the L. S. Jr. Univ. Museum. (Named for Capt. Henry E. Nichols, U.S.N., its discoverer.) Gobius nicholsii, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 469, Departure Bay, British Columbia; JOPDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 946, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, I. ¢., 494. 2538. GOBIUS EIGENMANNI, Garman. D. VII-12; A. 18; P. 19; scales 27-7. Body rather stout, body cavity more than } the length from snout to base of caudal. Head 2 of the total length or 4 of the distance to the caudal base, blunt and rounded anteriorly, very narrow between the eyes, slightly compressed. Eyes large, + of the ie i Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2219 head, very close together. Snout short, little more than 4 as long as the eye. Mouth wide; maxillary reaching a vertical from the middle of the eye, moderately oblique. First dorsal higher, anterior 3 rays pro- longed in the filaments, third ray longest and reaching to the eighth ray of the second dorsal; origin of anal fin midway from edge of preopercle to base of caudal; pectorals nearly as long as the head; candal as long as head, pointed. Scales large, thin, deciduous, 27 in a longitudinal series, 2rows above the lateral line. Yellowish, witha few punctulations of black near the bases of the caudal rays, with a light-edged black spot on the outer halves of the fourth to the sixth rays of the first dorsal and with a black streak around the mouth immediately above the maxillary. The long body, the large eye, the dorsal spot, and the streak above the mouth serve to dis- tinguish this species from its nearest allies of the same locality. Off Key West, i 60 fathoms. (‘The specific name is given in honor of the distin- guished ichthyologists who have added so much to our knowledge of the American Gobiidie, C. H. and R. 8. Eigenmann.”) Gobius eigenmanni, GARMAN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Sci. State Univ. Iowa, vol. Iv, No.1, 88, 1896; off Key West in 60 fathoms. (Coll. lowa Univ. Bahama Expedition.) 2539. GOBIUS GLAUCOFRENUM (Gill). Head 34; depth 43. D. VI-10; A.1,9; P.18; lateral transverse 7. Body robust, compressed; head naked; mouth oblique, the lower jaw slightly projecting, the maxillaries extending to below pupil; teeth long, in many series, the outer curved; scales ctenoid, large. Pectoral fin with the upper rays little branched, not silk-like; cheeks scarcely tumid; caudal and pectoral longer than ventrals, about as long as head. Tawny, with a faint blue spot in the center of each scale, and with 6 spots, each formed by aggregation of dark dots, on the ridge of the back between the second dorsal spine and the axil of the soft dorsal fin; another row of similar but fainter spots runs from the scapular region, and a third row along the middle of the sides; head tawny, with dark spots and blue dots; a straight blue line across the cheek; dorsal fins with faint blue spots. Length 14 inches. Florida Keys; said to have come from the coast of Washington, but this is probably an error, as the species has not since been taken there, while 1 apparently identical has been taken at Tortugas.* (glaucus, glaucous; franum, bridle.) * Dr. Eigenmann thus describes the specimens from the Tortugas examined by him: Gobius glaucofrenum (Gill). Head 3! (43 in total); depth 44 (53). D. VI-10; A. 10; scales in a median series, 23, in a transverse series, 8; eye as long as snout, 34 in head, jaws equal, maxillary barely reaching pupil. Teeth in bands in both jaws, those of the outer row of lower jaw enlarged. Dorsal spines scarcely filamentous, the third highest and equaling depth of body. Posterior dorsal rays highest, as high as spines; anal simi- lar to soft dorsal; pectoral long and narrow, longer than head, 3} in body; ventral reach- ing past vent; scales large, thin, finely toothed, reduced on breast; nape naked. Color in spirits, light yellowish brown; a light spot on each scale, the spots especially con- spicuons near shoulder; 6 dark spots on middle of back; fainter but similar spots along middle of sides; a conspicuous dark spot above opercle; a wavy light line extending for- ward from it through lower rim of eye to snout; a straight pale-blue bar extending par- allel to it across preopercle and cheek to corner of mouth; a narrow faint bar below it; a triangular dark spot at corner of mouth; cheeks and prevpercle purplish chocolate; oper- cle and snout plain yellowish; 2 brown spots at base of caudal; the smaller specimens differing from this in having the markings more distinct. Length of 4 specimens examined, 1j, ly, 14, inches. (Eigenmann.) 222 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Gutx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 263, Coast of Washing. ton (evidently an error). Gobius glaucofrenum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 635, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, 1. c., 494; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 59. 2540. GOBIUS MANGLICOLA, Jordan & Starks. Head 44; depth 53. D. VI-12; A.12; scales about 35, not to be exactly counted: caudal lanceolate, 23 in body; pectoral about equal to head; dorsal spine slender, not filamentous, 1} in head; eyes large, close together, the range partly vertical, the narrow interorbital deeply furrowed; no flaps on shoulder girdle; scales moderate, ctenoid anteriorly, becoming smooth behind; median keel on head slight; head naked. Body long, compressed, the head depressed, the cheeks tumid; snout bluntly trun- cate; mouth large, the maxillary reaching the middle of eye, not pro- duced backward, truncated behind, somewhat oblique, the lower jaw a little the longer; lower jaw flat; teeth strong, the outer in both jaws en- larged; cranium without median crest, abruptly widened behind eyes. Color light olive, mottled with darker; 6 oblong blotches of blackish on sides as in Gobius boleosoma, the last at base of caudal; dorsals and caudal finely checkered and barred with dark brownish orange and blackish; anal mottled; a dark shoulder spot; a dark bar before eye and 1 below eye; ventrals dusky, the edge pale. One specimen, 1} inches long. Ma- zatlan; found in the mud of the Astillero among the roots of mangrove bushes (Rhizophora mangle), (whence the name mangle; colo, I inhabit). Gobius manglicola, JORDAN & STARKS, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 496, Mazatlan. (Coll. Hop- kins Expedition to Mazatlan. Type, 3095, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus.) 2541. GOBIUS STIGMATURUS, Goode & Bean. Head 4; depth 44; eye 4, about equal to snout. D.VI-12; A.11 or 12; scales 33. Body subfusiform, little compressed; head blunt, the profile rounded. Mouth small, horizontal, the lower jaw included; maxillary 3 in head, reaching eye. Teeth small, in bands in both jaws, the outer en- larged, those of the upper jaw very slender. Region from nape to dorsal entirely scaled, the scales large, ctenoid, those on nape and belly little reduced. Dorsal spines short, the longest shorter than the head; caudal fin scarcely pointed, about as long as head. Grayish white, middle of sides with 4 or 5 dark blotches, from each of which a dark bar extends downward and forward; a large black blotch above pectoral, obsolete in the female; a small black spot at base of caudal, and a dark mark below the eye; vertical fins barred. Two specimens taken in a shallow bay at Key West are thus described: Very pale olive, everywhere freckled and spotted; lower part of sides silvery, crossed by faint and narrow cross streaks of light brown; sides with about 5 faint dark blotches; a dark blotch below eye and 1 on opercle; a round black spot at base of caudal; bars on verticle fins light olive. Numerous other specimens are less freckled in coloration, and have a more diffuse caudal spot as well as a vague dark spot at the shoulder. The dusky marks on the sides are larger. es eta Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America, 2221 We find no other differences, and refer all of them to G. stigmaturus. The relations of G. boleosoma, G. stigmaturus, and G. encwomus are certainly very intimate. Florida Keys, not very common, our specimens from Key West. (6riysa, spot; ovpa, tail.) Gobius stigmaturus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 418, no type locality given, but specimens probably from Florida Keys; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 946, 1883; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 140; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 495. 2542. GOBIUS QUADRIPORUS, Cuvier & Valenciennes. D. VI-I, 9; A. I, 9; scales as in Gobius caninus. The 2 pores on the vertical arm of preopercle very open; 2 smaller ones above them; teeth of outer series small; 2 small canines on each side of lower jaw; dorsal spines not prolonged as filaments. Color yellowish, with lighter lines which follow the rows of scales; brown spots on dorsal; 2 lines on cheek. Surinam. (Cuvier & Valenciennes.) Not seen by us. (quatuor, four; porus, pore.) Gobius quadriporus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xu, 87, 1837, Surinam; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 61. 2545. GOBIUS SHUFELDTI, Jordan & Eigenmann. * Head 33 to 33; depth 54; eye 4; snout 3} to 34. D. VI-12; A.13; scales 33 to 35. Body moderately elongate, subfusiform; head less blunt than in Gobius boleosoma, the anterior profile gently decurved ; mouth large, slightly oblique; maxillary extending to front of pupil, 24 in head. Teeth small, slender, and curved, in moderate bands; scales covering anterior half of trunk; head and breast naked; scales moderate, ctenoid, those in front much reduced. Longest dorsal spine 1} in head; caudal fin as long as head, somewhat pointed. Olivaceous, mottled with vray; about 5 round dark blotches along middle of side, the last at base of caudal; no dark spot on side of nape; some dark marks on head; vertical fins barred. Gulf coast of the United States, known as yet only from fresh waters about New Orleans. (Named for Dr. Robert Wilson Shufeldt, U.S. A., who collected the types.) Gobius shufeldti, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 495, New Orleans. (Type, No. 35202.) 2544. GOBIUS BOLEOSOMA, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 4 (5 in total); depth 44 to54. D. VI-12; A.I, 10 to 12; scales 25 to 30. Body slender, subfusiform, little compressed; head moderate, not very blunt, the anterior profile somewhat evenly decurved, the snout not very short, scarcely shorter than the large eye; mouth not very large, horizontal, the lower jaw included, the maxillary extending slightly be- yond front of pupil, its length about 3 in head; teeth small, slender, in narrow bands, those of the outer series longer than the others; eyes placed high, about 4 in head; interorbital space not wider than pupil; scales moderate, ctenoid, those on nape and belly not much reduced in size; gill opening not continued forward above opercle; first dorsal with ~ 2222 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. the spines slender but rather firm, none of them filamentous, the longest about 3 head; second dorsal and anal rather large; caudal long, pointed, slightly longer than head; pectorals large, slightly longer than. head, none of the upper rays silk-like; ventrals slightly shorter than head, inserted below axil of pectorals; skull rounded behind, no ridges nor crests; crests at side minute; interorbital very narrow. Color in life: Male, deep olive green, mottled with darker; middle of side with 4 or 5 vague darker blotches; a jet-black spot above gill opening, on side of back; head mottled, dusky below; usually a dark bar below eye; dorsals tipped with bright yellowish, each crossed by numerous narrow, somewhat oblique, interrupted bars or series of spots, these being of a rich reddish brown color; caudal barred with black, its upper edge tinged with orange; anal nearly plain, with a slight orange tinge; ventrals bluish black, their edges whitish. Female, paler and duller in color, more mottled, the black spot above gill opening obsolete or nearly so; a dark spot at base of caudal; upper fins barred, as in the male; lower fins mostly pale, tinged with orange. Many specimens of this species, the largest about 2 inches in length, were obtained in the Laguna Grande at Pensacola. It lurks in sea wrack on muddy bottoms in very shallow water (6 to 12 inches). In form, size, coloration, and movements this little fish bears a remarkable resemblance to the percoid, Boleosoma olmstedi. Gulf of Mexico, Pensacola to Key West; common in shallow sandy bays, lurking in sea wrack at the depth of a foot (whence the name fodis, dart; 6@ua, body). Gobius boleosoma, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 295, Laguna Grande, Pensacola; ibid, Synopsis, 946, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 495. 2545. GOBIUS FASCIATUS (Gill). Head 4 in length (42 in total); depth 6 (7). D. VI-12; A. 10; scales 30-7. Body slender, elongate; head somewhat pointed; profile rounded, not as much as in Gobius garmani and Gobius boleosoma; eye large, slightly longer than snout, 3} in head; interorbital area scarcely wider than pupil; mouth slightly oblique, maxillary extending to below anterior margin of pupil, © 34 in head; lower jaw thin and flat; teeth strong, recurved, in a band in each jaw, the teeth of the outer series of the upper jaw enlarged, several times as large as those of the inner series. Scales finely ctenoid (fallen off anteriorly in specimen examined); antedorsal region and breast naked. Dorsal spines slender, filamentous near tip, not reaching second dorsal, 14 in length of head; second dorsal of moderate height; caudal (tips broken) about 5 in length, 15 in length of head; ventral not reaching vent, 14 in head; pectorals pointed, equaling the head in length. Color yellowish, marbled with darker above; 4 oblong dark blotches along middle of sides; a darker spot at base of caudal; narrow dark stripes across nape; a faint dark stripe along upper margin of opercle, through lower margin of eye to snout; another extending from angle of mouth to edge of preopercle, then extending down along the margin of the preopercle and ending ina dark blotch on the lower part of the cheek; a dark spot on opercle; first dorsal with 2 curved bars; caudal with 3 rather broad dark bars; anal Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America, 2223 dusky; connecting membrane of ventral white, its first rays blackish, outer rays yellowish; lower parts yellowish. West Indies; not seen by us. This description by Eigenmann, from a specimen 1? inches long, No. 18231, M. C. Z., collected in Hayti by Dr. Weinland. (fasciatus, branded.) Ctenogobius fasciatus, GILL, Fishes Trinidad, 278, 1858, Trinidad. Gobius fasciatus, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 34,1861; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 495; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 62. 2546. GOBIUS ENCEOMUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 4; depth 6; snout 34. D.VI-11; A.12; scales 27 to 33. Body very elongate, much tapering backward; head compressed, the cheeks high and vertical; snout very short, compressed, obtusely rounded verti- cally. Mouth nearly horizontal, low, large, the maxillary 2 in head, nearly reaching vertical from posterior margin of orbit. Teeth in very narrow bands in both jaws, those of the outer series in the upper jaw much enlarged and recurved in some specimens; eyes inserted high, the interorbital space very narrow, about as wide as pupil; diameter of orbit much greater than snout, nearly + of head. Gill opening 2} in head, the isthmus wide. Dorsals contiguous, the membrane of spinous dorsal reaching nearly to base of soft dorsal; dorsal spines high, of nearly uni- form length, the last reaching well beyond origin of soft dorsal when ‘depressed; the longest spine about 4 length of head; soft dorsal and aual long and high, the posterior rays of both fins reaching at least to base of caudal when depressed; caudal lanceolate, the middle rays pro- duced, 23 in body; ventrals reaching vent, somewhat longer than pec- torals, which about equal length of head; ventral sheath well developed, its length } that of fin. Body wholly covered with large, strongly ctenoid scales, which are much reduced in size anteriorly; head, antedorsal region, and breast naked. In female specimens the mouth is evidently smaller, and the caudal less elongate. Colors in life: Male, light oliva- ceous, mottled above with darker olive brown; a series of about 4 obscure oblong dark blotches along middle of sides; a dark spot at base of cau- dal; each side of nape with an intense blue-black spot larger than eye; an obscure dusky streak from eye forward to mouth; a small dusky spot sometimes present on upper portion of base of pectorals; both dorsals translucent, with a series of bright reddish-brown spots as large as pupil; upper lobe of caudal light reddish, the lower lobe blue black; anal and ventrals dusky bluish, pectorals slightly dusky, with a narrow, bright pink border behind. Female, without bright markings; body light olive, with 5 oblong dark blotches on sides, the last on base of caudal; from each of the 3 middle blotches a V-shaped bar runs to the back (these vis- ible also in males); back somewhat mottled with dusky; a black blotch on scapula; asmall one on opercle; a dark bar from eye forward to mouth. Vertical fins with dusky streaks, these appearing on caudal in the form of cross bars; ventrals light, with 2 lengthwise dark streaks; pectorals plain. South Carolina to Key West, in sandy bays; scarce. Length 2 inches. (éyxaiw, brand; wos, shoulder.) States National Museum. 222 Bulletin 47, United Gobius enceeomus,* JORDAN & GILBERT, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 611, Charleston, South Carolina (Type, No. 29673, 3 specimens. Coll. C. H. Gilbert); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 945, 1883; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 142; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 496. 2547. GOBIUS STIGMATICUS (Poey). Head 4; depth 5 to 6; eye 3}. D. VI-12; A. 12 or 18; scales 27. Body alittle deeper and Jess compressed than in Gobius encwomus. Anterior profile moderately decurved; back slightly arched; skull flattish behind, much broader than in G. boleosoma, with an evident median ridge; mouth oblique, large, lower jaw thin and flat, maxillary reaching to below pupil. Teeth above uniserial, some of them enlarged and recurved; lower teeth in a narrow band, males sometimes with the hindmost of the outer series a strong, exserted, recurved canine (present in Poey’s type). Anterior half of body scaled except region between nape and dorsal, which is naked; breast naked. Longest dorsal spine } head, sometimes elongate; caudal 3Lin body. Light greenish, sides of male with 5 or 6 narrow, straight, whitish or yellowish cross bars, regularly placed; 4 dark bars on head, 3 below the eye and 1 on opercle; a sinall dark spot behind and above opercle; ventral fins barred; female with a row of irregular dark spots connected by a dusky streak, the pale cross bars obsolete. Coast of North Carolina, Florida Keys, the West Indies, southward to Rio Janeiro; common at Havana. Subject to considerable variation. Brazilian speci- mens said by Eigenmann to be darker, the bars on cheek conspicuous; third dorsal spine often much elongate, reaching fifth dorsal ray, last soft ray sometimes reaching caudal. (stigmaticus, spotty.) Smaragdus stigmaticus, POEY, Memorias, 11, 281, 1861, Cuba. Gobionellus stigmaticus, Poky, Synopsis, 394, 1868; Pory, Enumeratio, 126, 1876; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 947, 1883. Gobius stigmaticus, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 49; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 496. 2548. GOBIUS LYRICUS, Girard. Head 44; depth 43. D. VI-11; A. I, 10; scales 27. Body rather elon- gate, moderately compressed; head rather short, the profile very obtuse, descending abruptly from before the front of the eye to the snout; eyes small, placed high, about as long as snout, and about 44 in head; mouth nearly horizontal, much below level of eye, the maxillary extending to beyond pupil, 23 in head; jaws subequal; teeth strong, in 1 series in each jaw; in the lower jaw about 4 shortish, canine-like teeth behind the other teeth; anterior teeth of lower jaw small, of upper jaw rather large; gill cone small specimen, taken with the seine in a shallow bay, at Key West, is-described as follows: Light green, with 5 diffuse spots of darker ereen on sides, the posterior one most con- spicuous; pectorals, both dorsals, and caudal edged above with pale orange; ventrals mostly black, edged with paler; anal dark; a conspicuous dusky shoulder spot; maxil- lary reaching to below middle of eye; caudal about 4 longer than head. Lateral line about 30. This little specimen appears to be identical with that described by us from Charleston under the name Gobius enceeomus. The species is allied to G. stigmaturus, but has a much slenderer body. The number of scales in a lateral series is less than 37, Gabe originally stated by us. There are about 33 in this specimen. (Jordan & Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2225 opening not continued forward above opercle; first dorsal with 2 or 3 spines filamentous, the longest reaching past the middle of the second dorsal, which is of moderate height and similar to the anal; caudal long and pointed, + longer than the head; pectoral as long as head, about reaching front of anal; upper rays of pectorals not silk-like; ventrals somewhat shorter than head, their insertion below front of pectorals; scales large, rough, those on nape, pectoral region, and belly reduced in size; head naked. Color in life, dark olive, with 4 or 5 irregular confluent blackish cross bands, besides dark blotches and irreguiar markings; head marbled with darker, the jaws, opercles, and branchiostegals blackish ; first dorsal mostly dusky translucent, somewhat barred; second dorsal and anal plain dusky; caudal dark blue, with 2 longitudinal stripes of bright red; pectoral finely barred or reticulated with blackish and pale; head and belly yellowish. Female specimens duller and paler. Gulf of Mexico, from Galveston to Cuba and the Lesser * Antilles; rather common. (lyricus, pertaining to a lyre, apparently an allusion to the dorsal spines. ) Gobius lyricus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, Brazos Santiago, Texas; GIRARD, U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., 25, pl. 12, figs.4 and 5, 1859; GUNTHER, Cat., m1, 550, 1861; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 496; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 63. Smaragdus costalesi, POEY, Memorias, 11, 280, 1861, Havana. (Type, No. 13109, M. C. Z. Coll. Felipe Poey.) Gobius wurdemanni, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, Brazos Santiago; probably the female; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 634. Euctengobius lyricus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 633, 1883. 2549. GOBIUS GARMANI, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Head 4 in length (53 in total); depth 4 (54). D. VI-11; A. 11; scales 30-7. Body robust, head short and blunt; profile in front of eye abruptly decuryed, rounded much as in Gobius boleosoma; mouth inferior, horizon- tal; lower jaw included; maxillary extending to below pupil, 24 in head; lips thin; teeth short and thick, in a single series in each jaw. Dorsals contiguous; dorsal spines filamentous, the second and third longer than the rest, reaching past first third of second dorsal; last dorsal rays reach- ing base of caudal; pectorals equaling head in length; ventral short and broad, 5 in body; caudal rather long and pointed, 3 in body. Scales large, slightly reduced and cycloid on nape. Color yellowish, marbled with brown; a series of irregular blotches along the sides; a light spot at base *A specimen from St. Kitts is thus described by Eigenmann: ‘‘ Depth 5 in length; head 4. The second and third dorsal spines extend to base of caudal; dorsal searcely less than length of head, the last rays reaching past base of caudal; the caudal fin is 3 longer than the head, 23 in body. Color light brown, faintly marked with darker; the first dorsal with minute dark points, the lower fourth of the spines with simple dark spots, above which are jet-black spots ocellated with white; the second dorsal fin dusky, darker pos- teriorly, the basal portion of the last half of the fin evenly black, the anterior 4 rays marked with dark points similar to the spotson the lower parts of the spines of the first dorsal; caudal dusky, with 2 light bars; anal plain, darker than body; ventral fins blackish, edged with white; pectorals blackish, with many series of white spots on the membrane, and short, white bars at base; branchiostegal membrane black, with a light margin. tGobius wurdemanni, Girard. Appearance of Gobius lyricus. Reddish brown, ob- scurely barred with dusky. Head larger; caudal shorter; ventrals shorter; anal lower; scales smaller than in G. lyricus ; teeth very slender, much smaller than in G. lyricus ; third dorsal spine filamentous. D. VI-11; A. 12. Brazos Santiago, Texas. (Girard.) (Named for Dr, Gustay Wiirdemann, its collector.) 2226 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. of caudal, partly or wholly surrounded by a broad ring of dark brown; head slate color, white below; 3 dark bars extending forward and down- ward from eye to mouth; a triangular spot on opercle; dorsals, caudal, and pectorals finely barred with black; a chocolate bar on base of ventral; anal margined with white; an irregular black bar on shoulder and upper half of pectoral; everywhere more or less blotched with darker, the blotches at times forming numerous bars across the back. Dominica, Fort de France, Martinique, St. Kitts. (Eigenmann & Eigenmann.) Not seen by us. Apparently very close to Gobius lyricus, if not the same. (Named for its discoverer, Prof. Samuel Garman.) Gobius garmani, EIGENMANN & EIGEMANN, Bull. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 61, Dominica, Fort de France, Martinique, St. Kitts. (Coll. Samuel Garman.) 2550. GOBIUS ZEBRA, Gilbert. Head 3;edepth 44; eye 34 in head. D. VI-11 or 12; A. 9. Body not elongate, the snout short, the mouth oblique, with maxillary reaching below middle of orbit. Mouth small, the maxillary 2} in head. Interor- bital space very narrow. Teeth in upper jaw in a narrow band or double series, the outer row enlarged and spaced; lower jaw apparently with a single series, similar to the outer row in the upper jaw. Scales cycloid, jarge, wanting on nape and a narow strip along base of spinous dorsal. Color cherry red, head and sides with 15 blue cross bars, a little narrower than interspaces, encircling the body posteriorly, lacking for a short dis- tance on belly and under side of head; on upper side of head and nape these bars run obliquely forward and downward, but elsewhere vertical ; on middle of each interspace a very narrow blue line, becoming indistinct on lower part of sides; on cheeks the blue bars are connected by narrow cross lines, forming blue reticulations surrounding round spots of the ground color. Length of types + inch. Two specimens from Albatross Station 2989, west coast of Mexico, in 36 fathoms. (zebra, zebra, from the stripes. ) ‘ Gobius zebra, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 73, Albatross Station 2989, west Coast of Mexico. Subgenus EUCTENOGOBIUS, Gill. 2551. GOBIUS POEYI, Steindachner. Head broad and flattish; depth 64 in total length; eye 44, 14 in interor- bital width, longer than snout; snout short and decurved. D.VI-9; A.9; scales 40. Maxillary extending to below middle of eye. Some of the dor- sal spines produced and filamentous, the third 14 times depth of body; caudal short, rounded. Two rows of ill-defined blotches on upper half of body; dorsals and caudal sharply barred, anal and ventrals dusky (male). A small round dark spot at base of caudal. (Steindachner.) Barbados; not seen by us. (Named for Prof. Felipe Poey.) Gobius poeyi, STEINDACHNER, Ichthyol. Notizen, v1, 44,1867, Barbados; JORDAN & EIGEN: MANN, l. c., 497. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2227 2552. GOBIUS BADIUS (Gill). Head 6 in total; depth 7. D.VI-I,10; A.I,10; scales 50-18. Anterior profile very oblique; a line of pores above each eye; 2 on upper ascending margin of preopercle; eye 4 in head; interorbital space 34 in eye; caudal 5 in total length; pectoral 6. Color dark bay with a posteriorly straight heavy dot in the center of each scale on back and sides above; head plumbeous, with 2 livid blue bands from eye to upper jaw. (Gill). About mouth of Amazon; not seen by us. (badius, bay color, dark red.) Buctenogobius badius, GILL, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vil, 1857, 47, Amazon. Gobius bosci, SAUVAGE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, tv, 44, 1880. Gobius badius, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, I. ¢., 65. Subgenus GOBIONELLUS, Girard. 2553. GOBIUS MICRODON, Gilbert. Head 44; depth 5. D. VI-13; A. 14; scales 62. Head and body com- pressed, everywhere deeper than wide. Mouth at lower profile of snout, nearly horizontal, the lower jaw extremely weak, broadly rounded ante- riorly; maxillary reaching yertical from hinder margin of pupil, nearly 4+ length of head. Teeth minute scarcely perceptible without the use of a lens, those in upper jaw in a single series. Mandible with a close set outer series of teeth, separated by an interval from an inner narrow band of still smaller teeth. Interorbital space narrow, less than diameter of pupil. Isthmus wide, the gill slits extending little below base of pecto- rals. Scales minute and cycloid anteriorly and on belly, becoming larger posteriorly; on sides they are everywhere ctenoid behind the middle of spinous dorsal; belly wholly scaled; nape scaled forward nearly to orbits, but with a narrow median naked streak running back to front of dorsal; breast and sides of head naked. Dorsal fins not connected. First 4 spines filamentous, the longest longer than head, reaching when depressed to base of third ray of soft dorsal. Soft dorsal and anal simi- lar, not high, the last rays not extending beyond the base of caudal; caudal lanceolate, much longer than head; pectorals and ventrals about equal, reaching vent. Color nearly uniform light olive, with minute darker punctulations which sometimes form darker margins to the scales; an oblique dusky streak on opercle; 3 or 4 oblique obscure dark cross bars on spinous dorsal, and 4 or 5 on tail; ventrals with white pigment. Length 2inches. San Juan Lagoon, west coast of Mexico. (Gilbert.) (suzxp0s, small; odovs, tooth.) Gobius microdon, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 554, San Juan Lagoon, north of Rio Ahomé, Mexico. (Coll. Gilbert.) 2554. GOBIUS SMARAGDUS, Cuvier & Valenciennes. (ESMERALDA.) Head 4; depth 54 to 52; eye4to5. D. VI-11 or 12; A. 11 or 12; scales 39 to 42. Body moderately elongate, compressed; head not compressed; the cheeks tumid; the snout short and abruptly decurved; mouth large, little oblique; lower jaw slightly inferior; maxillary reaching to below 2228 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. pupil or to posterior margin of orbit, 24 to 24 in head; outer row of teeth on upper jaw enlarged; the narrow band of teeth back of this row sepa- rated from it by a space; teeth on lower jaw in a band, subequal. Scales cycloid anteriorly, becoming larger and ctenoid posteriorly. Caudal 2} to 21in body. Male, light olive, with dark-olive blotches ; body and head with many conspicuous round cream-colored spots, ach surrounded by a dusky ring, these smaller than pupil and most distinct on head; snout with dusky streaks; dorsal and caudal plainly barred ; pectoral crossed with dark wavy lines, dusky at base; anal and ventrals dusky; a small dark spot at base of caudal; a shining deep-green spot inside the mouth in life. Female, plain olivaceous, nearly or quite immaculate. West Indies, south to Rio Janeiro, north to St. Augustine, Florida (Dr. Oliver P. Hay), and to Charleston (C. H. Gilbert); specimens before us from Marco Island, Florida (J. A. Hen- shall). (o6udpaydos, emerald, from the bright-green spot on the tongue.) Gobius smaragdus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 120, 1837, Cuba; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l.c., 497. Smaragdus valenciennei, POEY, Memorias, 1, 280, 1861, Cuba. Gobionellus smaragdus, Pony, Synopsis, 394, 1868; PoEy, Enumeratio, 126, 1876. 2555. GOBIUS STRIGATUS, O’Shaughnessy. Head 32; depth 5; eye 34, shorter than the rounded snout. D. VI-12; A. 11 or 12; scales 53-13. Body elongate, compressed posteriorly; head little compressed; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye; teeth small, the outer a little enlarged; dorsal spines all shorter than head, not fila- mentous. Head naked; anterior half of body covered with ctenoid scales, those on nape much reduced in size. Two violet stripes from mouth to eye, 8 or 9 violet bars on side, 3 or 4 on caudal; second dorsal spotted. (Steindachner.) Coast of Surinam. (strigatus, striped.) Gobius strigatus, O'SHAUGHNESSY, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., series 4, XV, 1875, 145, Surinam. Gobius kraussi, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, vu, 16, 1879, Surinam; JORDAN & EIGEN- MANN, l. c., 497. 2556. GOBIUS SAGITTULA (Ginther). Head 44 to 5 in length to base of caudal; depth 6 to 8; eye 43 to 5}. D. VI-13 or 14; A. 13; scales about 66 in longitudinal, 15 in transverse series, counted just below space between the two dorsals. Body slender, taper- ing pretty regularly from middle of first dorsal to caudal, most compressed posteriorly, depth about uniform from head to origin of second dorsal. Head short, depressed, and broad; mouth large, nearly horizontal, the maxillary in adults 23 in head, reaching beyond middle of eye; dis- tance between mawxillaries at their posterior ends greater than their length; eye about 7 the bony interorbital space. Teeth in a narrow band in each jaw, those in lower jaw uniform, the outer series in upper jaw considerably enlarged and separated by an interspace from the inner band, Pseudobranchiwe well developed. Gill rakers short and flexible. Longest dorsal spine about ? head; distance between dorsals less than diameter of eye; pectorals 1{ in head, their tips reaching past middle of spinous dorsal; ventrals about equaling pectorals, reaching more than halfway to origin of anal; anal equal and opposite to the second dorsal, but slightly lower; caudal fin greatly elongate, more than + head and Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2229 body in largest specimens, 2} in smaller ones, its relative length increasing with age. Head scaleless, predorsal region with small scales; body coy- ered with close-set ctenoid scales, small and greatly crowded anteriorly, toward the caudal fin growing gradually larger and more strongly ctenoid. General color light yellowish, palest below, upper parts darker; middle of sides with 5 elongate black blotches, most distinct in the young; the first under first dorsal, second under origin of second dorsal, the third, which is sometimes almost double, at about middle of second dorsal, the fourth near its posterior end, anc the last at base of caudal; a large black spot upon each shoulder just above origin of pectoral fin; head plain; lips and maxillary dark; opercle with a dark blotch; basal portion of dorsal fins with dark lines formed of spots; anal unmarked; pectorals with cross lines formed of dots; ventrals plain; caudal crossed by numer- ous narrow dark bars. Reaching a length of 8 inches. Gulf of California and neighboring waters south to Panama; very common in lagoons and mouths of rivers. The types of sagittula are evidently the young, those of longicauda the adults of the same species. (diminutive of sagitta, arrow.) Euctenogobius sagittula, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1861, 3, West coast Central America, young individuals; GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, 111, 555, 1861; GUNTHER, Fishes of Centr. Amer., 389, 1869. Gobius longicauda, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 146, adult examples, Guaymas. (Coll. Evermann & Jenkins. Type, No.39636.) Gobius sagittula, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 497. 2557. GOBIUS HASTATUS, Girard. (EMERALD FISH; SHARP-TAILED GOBY.) Head 43 to5; depth 6 to 7%. D. VI-14; A. 14 or 15; scales 60; vertebrie 11-+15. Body compressed, extremely elongate; depth nearly equal through- out; head short, compressed, deeper than wide; mouth wide, oblique, the jaws equal; maxillary in adult reaching to below posterior border of eye; lower jaw very thin and flat; teeth in each jaw small, subequal, those in the upper jaw in a single series, those in the lower jaw in a narrow band; outer teeth somewhat movable; scales anteriorly small, cycloid, and embedded, those behind larger and ctenoid; the scales larger than in Gobius oceanicus; a few scales on upper anterior corner of opercle, but without the large patch seen in G. oceanicus; dorsal fins high, some of the spines filamentous and longer than the head; caudal very long and fila- mentous, 2 to 23 in body; pectoral slightly longer than head or than ven- trals, none of its rays silk-like. A single specimen from Ceylon belongs to this species, which appears to be characterized by a longer head (5 in length, 7 in total), by the much larger scales (60 in a lateral line), by the obsolescence of the patch of scales on opercles, and by slightly differ- ent coloration. This may be really only the extreme of variation of G. oceanicus, with which species most authors have hitherto confounded it. The two need detailed comparison. Coast of Texas. (hastatus, spear-like. ) Gobionellus hastatus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 168, St. Josephs Island, Texas; GIRARD, U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., 25, pl. 12, figs. 7 and 8, 1859. Gobius lanceolatus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 50, 186i, and of authors; not of BLocH. 2230 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2558. GOBIUS OCEANICUS, Pallas. (ESMERALDA; ENDORMI EMERAUDE; BACALHAO SABARA.) Head 44 to 6; depth 6} to 84; eye 4 to 5 in head; ventral 6 to 63; pectorals 54 to 6}. D. VI-14. A. I, 14 or 15; scales about 65. Body extremely elongate; head very short; upper part of opercle scaled, head otherwise naked. Scales on body very small, becoming much larger behind. All the dorsal spines more or less filamentous ; caudal fin nearly half length of rest of body. Skull behind eye broad. and short, its length 14 in width, no decided ridges nor crests; lateral crests large and stout behind, minute forward; interorbital area narrow, deeply grooved, with a median ridge. Color in spirits, reddish olive; a distinct, round, black- ish blotch below spinous dorsal, twice as large as orbit; an indistinct dusky shade along middle of sides, terminating in a dusky blotch on base of caudal; middle of sides with a series of marks, formed by very veiny lines widely diverging backward; a similar narrow line from eye to maxillary, and 1 from eye backward to upper angle of preopercle; evi- dent traces of the emerald spot at base of tongue; 2 small dark spots on first dorsal spine; spinous dorsal dusky, with a light and dusky streak at base; soft dorsal dusky, a light (bluish in life) area behind each ray; anterior rays barred with light and dark; anal and ventrals whitish (prob- ably blue in life), the ventrals without dark markings; pectorals dusky, the base lighter, and with some indistinct dusky bars; a dusky half bar on the upper part of the axil; base of tongue tuberculate, and shining with bright blue. and green reflections like a precious stone (hence the names smaragdus, esmeralda, etc.), this color fading in spirits. Vertebrie elongate, 11-+15—26. Length a foot. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States and southward through the West Indies; not rare, perhaps intergrading with the preceding. Here described from a speci- men 11 inches long, taken by Dr. Gilbert in Charleston Harbor. (oceanicus, ocean. ) Gobius cauda longissima acuminata, GRONOW, Zooph., 82, No. 277, pl. 4, fig. 4, 1763, locality unknown. Gobius oceanicus, PALLAS, Spicilegia, vu, 4, 1769, locality unknown; after GRONOW ; JoR- DAN & EIGENMANN, lL. c, 497. Gobius lanceolatus, BLOocH, Fische Deutschlands, 11, 8, pl. 38, fig. 1, 1783, Martinique, figure probably from PLUMIER; CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 114, 1837; Pory, Synopsis, 393, 1868. Gobius bacalaus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 119, 1837, Surinam (Coll. Le Valliant); Cayenne (Coll. Richard); Cuba (Coll. Poey). Gobionellus oceanicus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 613; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 636, 1883. Subgenus LYTHRYPNUS, Jordan & Evermann. 2559. GOBIUS DALLI, Gilbert. Head 33; depth 4}. D. VI-17; A. 14; scales 40. Body short, com- pressed, resembling Microgobius. Head high, mouth moderate, very oblique; upper pectoral rays normal; scales ctenoid, of moderate size; anterior dorsal spines much produced. Mouth very oblique, the maxillary Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2231 reaching vertical from front of pupil, 2} in length of head. Snout short, 3 diameter of orbit, which is3 inhead. Jaws withan outer series of long, distant, canine-like teeth, and an inner series or a narrow band of minute teeth. Dorsal spines 6, the 2 anterior greatly elongate, not free, in our largest specimen extending beyond middle of soft dorsal; membrane from last dorsal spine reaching to, or nearly to, base of first soft ray; soft dorsal rather high, the fin long; caudal rounded, less than length of head; ventrals free from belly, fully united; pectorals short, the upper rays not free nor silk-like. Scales of moderate size, ctenoid, covering entire trunk, with possible exception of the nape; the scales are readily cadu- cous, and are lacking on nape and frequently on anterior third of body in our specimens. Color light coral red, anteriorly with 4 to 6 narrow blue bands not reaching ventral outline, the posterior ones growing narrower and fainter; a blue streak upward and backward from each orbit, the 2 uniting on occiput; a transverse interorbital bar, a continuation of which encircles the orbit anteriorly; below orbit, a blue bar consisting of 2 portions, 1 running downward and obliquely backward, the other upward and backward; in the largest specimen a blue streak runs from occiput along profile to front of dorsal; the first blue bar runs from nape obliquely downward and forward, ending on opercle; the second verti- cally downward from front of spinous dorsal, the third under middle of spinous dorsal, the remaining bars under soft dorsal; fins unmarked. Several small specimens, the largest 1 inch long, from Albatross Station 3001, in33 fathoms. A single slightly larger example dredged by Dr. W. H. Dall, in about 35 fathoms, off Catalina Harbor, California. Probably the type of a distinct genus distinguished by the many-rayed fins and the form of the body and head. (Named for its discoverer, William Healey Dall.) Gobius dalli, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890,73, Albatross Station 3001, Lower Cali- fornia (Coll. Albatross) ; Catalina Harbor (Coll. W. H. Dall). 814. GARMANNIA, Jordan & Evermann. (HALF-NAKED GOBIES.) Garmannia, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 495, pl. 49 (paradowus). Enypnias, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new subgenus (seminudus). Anterior half of body naked; posterior half covered with moderate or small scales; teeth rather strong, unequal, usually 2 small curved canines infront. Very small gobies. Otherwise essentially as in Gobius. (‘Named for Mr. Samuel Garman, the accomplished ichthyologist of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., in recognition of his important contributions to ichthyology.”) GARMANNIA: a. Scales moderate. b. Seales ctenoid, 13 or 14 series developed; first dorsal spine filamentous; D. VI- 11; A.9. Body rather robust, the depth about 43 in length; the head 31; lower jaw with 2 curved canines. PARADOXA, 2560. bb. Scales smaller, 17 series developed; depth 42 in length. D. VI-10; A. 8; first dorsal spine not filamentous; lower jaw with small canines. HEMIGYMNA, 2561. 2232 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ENYPNIAS (€vmvcos, in one’s sleep) : aa. Scales excessively minute; body slender, the depth 6 in length. D.VI-15; A.10; dorsal spines not filamentous; lower jaw with 2 small curved canines in front. SEMINUDA, 2562. Subgenus GARMANNIA. 2560. GARMANNIA PARADOXA (Giinther). Head about 3} (44 in total); depth about 43 (53 with caudal). D. VI-11; A. 9: seales 14. Head nearly as broad as high, its width being rather more than } of its length. Eyes rather close together, of moderate size. Snout obtuse, rounded, as long as the eye; cleft of the mouth slightly oblique, with the jaws equal in length, and with maxillary extending to below middle of the eye. Teeth in villiform bands; 2 curved canine teeth on each side of the lower jaw. Head and trunk entirely naked to between second dorsal and anal, the remainder covered with ctenoid scales of moderate size, 9 or 10 of them in 1 of the anterior transverse series. First dorsal spine elongate, filiform, sometimes extending to the base of the caudal; caudal rounded, shorter than head; none of pectoral rays silk-like; ventral terminating at a great distance from vent. Blackish in spirits; caudal and ventral fins black, dorsal filament whitish. (Giin- ther.) Panama to Mazatlan; scarce. Oursingle specimen from the estuary at Mazatlan differs somewhat from Dr. Giinther’s account. It is thus described: Head 34; depth 44. D. VI-11; A. 9; scales 12; eye 4 in head; snout 44; pectoral 1} in head; dorsal spine 1}. Form of Gobi- osoma bosci. Body compressed; head broad and depressed, with tumid cheeks; snout not very blunt, short, oblique-truncate; eyes rather large, high, the maxillary not produced, extending to their posterior margin; mouth large, oblique; lower jaw heavy, slightly projecting; teeth strong; gill openings narrow, not wider than base of pectoral. First dorsal rather high, the first spine filamentous, reaching past soft dorsal; other fins low. Head and anterior half of body to front of soft dorsal naked; scattering scales coming in above, 12 rows of imbricated slightly ctenoid scales along median line of caudal peduncle and forward to middle of soft dorsal, the scaled area about as long as head, the upper parts better scaled than lower. No flaps on shoulder girdle. Olivaceous, with 7 or 8 dark cross shades, 2 on head, 1 across gill openings, 1 behind pectoral, and a broad 1 below soft dorsal; dorsals dusky, the filamentous ray pink; lower half of soft dorsal yellowish, upper dusky; lower fins black; caudal dusky; a dark speck at angle of opercle; skin everywhere punctate with black; a pale olive bar at base of caudal. Skull without median crest; interorbital space not concave; head not very abruptly widened behind eyes. Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America. One specimen, 14 inches long, recently obtained on muddy bottoms among the mangroves lining the estuary at Mazatlan. (paradoxus, paradox.) Gobius paradoxus, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1861, 3, west coast Central America; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 549, 1861; JoRDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 498. Garmannia paradoxd, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sei. 1895, 497, pl. 59. Jordan and Evermann, —Fishes of North America, 2233 2561. GARMANNIA HEMIGYMNA (Eigenmann & Eigenmann). Head 3} (44 in total); depth 43. D. VI-10; A.8; scales smaller than in Garmannia paradoxa, 17-7. Body compressed, depressed anteriorly, the greatest depth in this specimen being at origin of anal and second dorsal fins. Head wider than deep, rounded; profile much decuryed from eye to mouth as in paradoxa; eye perfectly round, smaller than in paradoxa, 1} in rounded snout, 5 in head; interorbital space scarcely wider than orbit; mouth somewhat oblique, larger than in paradoxa; maxillary reach- ing beyond posterior rim of orbit; lower jaw slightly shorter than upper; teeth in upper jaw in a band, the outer series remote, and the teeth several times as large as in the inner row, all more or less movable; teeth in lower jaw similar, a recurved canine on each side near the front. Scales very weakly ctenoid, covering only the sides of the posterior half of body, not extending quite to base of dorsal or anal fins even at their posterior inser- tion; the upper and lower edges of the caudal peduncle likewise free from scales, the scaly region, however, widest on peduncle and tapering for- ward to the central point opposite beginning of anal, where the scales are smallest. First spine of the dorsal not elongate as in G. paradoxa, 14 in head, the third, fourth, and fifth spines slightly exceeding the first in height, equaling the posterior rays of soft dorsal, which are little higher than the anterior rays of the soft dorsal; caudal rounded, about 4 in length of body, 1} in head; ventral not reaching-vent, 1} in head; pectorals rounded, rather short and broad, 1}in head. Color light olivaceous, with- out distinct markings, everywhere with minute dark punctulations; 8 faint cross bars from dorsal to middle of sides, which, close under dorsal fins, are formed of 2 blackish dots; 8 black dots along lateral line, the last at base of caudal; fins all smutty, the pectoral lightest, white on its anterior half, 2 dusky spots at its base; opercle ashy; a light bar at base of caudal; iris blackish blue, a short straight streak of same color from eye to upper lip; an irregular bluish mark on cheeks formed of punctula- tions closely crowded. West Indies, exact locality unknown; taken with the dredge. (72, half; yusvds, naked.) Gobius hemigymnus, HIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 66, dredged in the West Indies. Subgenus ENYPNIAS, Jordan & Evermann. 2562. GARMANNIA SEMINUDA (Giinther). Head 4; depth 6. D.VI-15; A.10. Head and anterior portion of trunk naked; sides with exceedingly small scales, becoming somewhat larger posteriorly. Head with the cheeks swollen, depressed, broader than high, its width 3 length. Eyes close together, directed upward, of moderate size; snout obtuse, as long as the eye; cleft of the mouth slightly oblique, with the jaws equal anteriorly, and with the maxillary extending to below . the middle of the eye. Teeth in villiform bands, the anterior of the lower jaw slightly enlarged; 2 small curved canine teeth on each side of lower jaw. Dorsal fins rather low, the hind part of the spinous dorsal scarcely lower than anterior; caudal rounded, as long as pectoral; none of pectoral 3030——63 2234 Bulletin g7, United States National Museum, - rays silk-like; ventral rather short, terminating at a great distance from vent. Blackish; fins and sides of head dotted with black; ventrals black. (Giinther.) Panama; not seen by us; probably the type of a distinct genus. (seminudus, half-naked.) Gobius seminudus, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1861, 3, west coast Central America; Ginruer, Cat., m1, 554, 1861; JorDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 498. 815. AWAOUS, Steindachner. Awaous,* STEINDACHNER, Verk, Mat. Phys. Naturw. 1860, 289; after les Awaous of CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (ocullaris, etc). Ohonophorus, PoEY, Memorias, 1, 274, 1861 (buccelentus—taiasica). Awaous, BLEEKER, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. Gobioides, 320, 1874 (ocellaris); after les Awaous of CUVIER & VALENCIENNES. Inner edge of shoulder girdle with 2 or more conspicuous dermal flaps; preorbital region very long; premaxillary and maxillary strong; lips thick; scales rather small, ctenoid, 40 to 80 in a longitudinal series; interorbital groove with a conspicuous median crest; otherwise essentially as in Gobius. The species reach a large size and are confined to the fresh waters of the tropics of America and the Hawaiian Islands. The Asiatic species of sim- ilar habit have much larger scales and seem to form a distinet genus, Rhino- gobius, Gill. The physiognomy in each is peculiar, the snout being long and convex. (Awaou, a Hawaiian name.) a. Scales about 53, little crowded anteriorly, 21 before dorsal on nape; depth 52 in length; head 4; eyes placed high, interorbital area equal to diameter of eye; mouth hor- izontal; maxillary extending to middle of eye, 24 in head, lower jaw wore flat than in A. taiasica; teeth small, in narrow bands, those of the outer row above enlarged, some large teeth in band of lower jaw. D.VI-I,12; A.1I,10. Uniform yellowish in spirits. FLAVUS, 2563. aa. Seales 60 to 70, crowded anteriorly, about 30 scales before the dorsal on nape; body compressed posteriorly, rather depressed anteriorly; greatest depth 51 in length; head 3iin length. Olivaceous, a series of irregular, roundish blotches along middle of sides; narrow dark streaks radiating from eye; a blackish streak running across upper margin of opercle and extending obliquely across base of upper pectoral rays; belly white; dorsal and caudal more or less distinctly barred with wavy blackish lines. b. About 15 scales between second dorsal and base of anal. NELSONI, 2564. bb. About 21 scales between second dorsal and base of anal. TATASICA, 2565. aaa. Scales 76 to 82; 24 scales between second dorsal and anal; head as broad as high; depth of body 62in length; head 4; head flat above, snout elongate, upper pro- file oblique; eye } of head, equals interorbital area (in adult); mouth horizon- tal; lower jaw included; maxillary reaching to below anterior margin of eye; teeth of the outer series enlarged; canine teeth none; scales ctenoid, those on nape and anterior part of body very small; head naked; dorsal fins lower than body, none of the spines produced; caudal rounded, 7 in length of body. Yellowish olive; back and sides reticulated with blackish; head, dorsal, cau- dal, and pectoral fins dotted with blackish, the spots forming streaks on second dorsal; 6 cross series of dots on the caudal; an irregular small blackish spot on the upper part of the root of pectoral. D. VI-11; A.11; scales about 80. MEXICANUS, 2566. *The name ‘‘ Les Awaous,”’ given to this group by Valenciennes, was a French plural, not a generic appellation, and if used as the name of a genus must be dated from its use in that sense by Steindachner or Bleeker. The Hawaiian type of ‘‘Awaous’’ agrees with the American species (Chonophorus) in the character of the flaps on the shoulder girdle, as well as in general appearance. The Asiatic genus. Rhinogobius, Gill (similis), seems to be very close to Chonophorus, but the seales are larger, 28 in the lateral series. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2235 2568. AWAOUS FLAVUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 4; depth 53 to 6}; eye equal to the interorbital width, placed high. D. VI-I, 12; A.1,10; scales about 53 to 55, little crowded anteriorly, 21 before the dorsal. Mouth horizontal, maxillary extending to middle of eye, 2+ in head; lower jaw flatter than in Awaous taiasica; teeth small, in narrow bands, those of the outer row enlarged; some large teeth in band of lower jaw. Yellowish, with a row of faint ocellated spots along middle ‘of sides; dorsal and caudal faintly barred; lines radiating from eye, a line along opercle halfway to pectoral, sometimes uniform blue-black. Rivers of Surinam and Brazil, south to Bahia. (flavus, yellow.) Gobius flavus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 60, 1837, Surinam; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 13, 1861. Chonophorus flavus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, J. ¢., 500; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 67. 2564. AWAOUS NELSONI, Evermann. Head 3}; depth6; eye 53 in head; snout3; maxillary 2%. D.VI-11; A. 11; scalesabout 63. Body long, compressed and tapering posteriorly ; head large, quadrate, mouth nearly horizontal, lower jaw included; snout abruptly decurved; top of head flat, the interorbital with a slight median groove with a thin, raised edge on each side; maxillary reaching about to vertical of anterior edge of pupil; teeth in bands on jaws very small, the outer somewhat enlarged; pectoral rays normal, the longest 14 in head; ventrals completely united, the disk free from belly, 1% in head. Dorsal fins separated by a space about } diameter of eye; dorsal spines slender, weak, about 13 in head; soft dorsal and anal similar, each free from caudal; caudal fin rather short and rounded, its middle rays about 1j in head. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus; eyes mod- erate, high up, the interorbital width equal to the eye’s diameter. Scales ctenoid, very small and irregularly crowded anteriorly, much larger pos- teriorly, about 15 rows counting from origin of soft dorsal downward and backward to the anal fin; head naked, but with slight indication of a few minute embedded scales on opercles. Color grayish; head mottled and blotched with dark; side with 7 or 8 black blotches, the largest under middle of pectoral fin; dorsals pale, crossed by several lines of black spots; caudal pale, with about 6 or 7 dark cross bars; ventrals and anal pale; pectorals pale, dusted with dark specks and with a small dark blotch at base of upper rays. Close to A. taiasica, but with broader inter- orbital, Jonger snout and larger scales on posterior part of body. Length 4inches. Known only from fresh water at Rosario, Sinaloa, where 8 speci- mens were obtained July 27, 1897, by Mr. E. W. Nelson. (Named for Mr. Edward William Nelson, the well-known ornithologist, in recognition of his work upon the fishes of Illinois in 1876.) Awaous nelsoni, EVERMANN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. x11, 1898, 3, fresh-water pools at Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico. (Type, No. 48836, U.S. Nat. Mus.; cotypes, No. 533 U.S, Fish Comm., 5793 L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus., and 48837 U.S. Nat. Mus.) 2236 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2565. AWAOUS TATASICA (Lichtenstein). (GUAVINA HoyERA; ABOMA DE RIo.) Head 31; depth 51; eye small, less than interorbital width (in adult), 3 in snout (twice in young), and about 7 in head. D.VI-11; A.11; scales 60 to 70, crowded anteriorly, about 30 before dorsal fin, 21 between second dorsal and anal. Body compressed posteriorly, rather depressed anteri- orly: head broader than deep. Distance from eye to mouth 3} in head, the preorbital being much enlarged; mouth large, horizontal, maxillary extending to below anterior part of orbit in adult male, shorter in young; lower jaw included. Teeth of the upper jaw in 2 series, those in anterior series much enlarged and recurved; teeth of lower jaw in a narrow band, the outer series scarcely enlarged. Inner edge of the shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 rather long papillee. Body covered with ctenoid scales, much reduced in size anteriorly; nape closely scaled, breast scaly, head naked. Dorsal fins less than depth of body, the spines scarcely filamentous, not as long as the soft rays; caudal rounded, shorter than the head; ventrals very broad and short, 1} to 14in head, the rays very much branched. Skull rounded behind, with a very short crest in its middle; lateral crests high and thin, converging into 1 opposite the insertion of suprascapula, inner crests not meeting behind eye, the outer ones extending around orbit. A low, blunt ridge between the posterior corners of orbit, becom- ing much higher forward, continued as the ethmoid and ending abruptly some distance in advance of orbit. Teeth in upper jaw in a few series, those of outer series many times larger than the others, which are minute; those of lower jaw all alike small,in a band. Olivaceous, with a series of irregular, roundish blotches along middle of side, and narrow dark streaks radiating from eye; a blackish streak running across upper margin of opercle and extending obliquely across base of upper pectoral ray; belly white; dorsaland caudal more or less distinctly barred with wavy blackish lines. Length afoot or more. Extremely variable in form and coloration, as is the case with most widely distributed fresh-water fishes. Fresh waters of the West Indies and both coasts of Mexico, south to Brazil; com- mon in Cuba, in Sinaloa, and about La Paz in Lower California, thence southward to Panama. (taiasica, Brazilian name of some other goby.) Amore guacu, MARCGRAVE, Hist. Brasil., 166, 1648, Brazil. Gobius taiasica, LICHTENSTEIN, Berl. Abhandl., 273, 1822, Brazil; not Tajasica MARCGRAVE. Gobius banana, CUYIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 103, 1837, San Domingo ; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 59, 1861. Gobius martinicus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 105, 1837, Martinique. Chonophorus bucculentus, PoEY, Memorias, 11, 275, 1861, Cuba. Lhinogobius contractus, * Pony, Memorias, U1, 424, 1861, Cuba; Pory, Enumeratio, 125, 1875 *The following are the characters assigned to Awaous contractus (Poey): Head 4; depth 54; D. VI-11; A. 11; eye7 in head; maxillary ceasing } an eye’s diameter before eye. Head smaller than in A. taiasiea. Greenish brown; the cheeks with brown lines; body with brown points; dorsals brownish, with brown longitudinal bands more numer- ous on the second; caudal with 7 brown bands, made of lanceolate spots on the rays; pectorals speckled; ventrals and anal rose color. Guba (Poey); probably not different from A taiasica; said to differ in the small mouth, which probably varies with age and sex, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2237 Gobius dolichocephalus, CopE, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila. 1869, 403, near Orizaba, Mexico. ; Buctenogobius latus, O SHAUGHNESSY, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 4, xv, 1875, 146, Bahia. (Coll. Dr. Wucherer.) Chonophorus taiasica, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 500. 2566. AWAOUS MEXICANUS (Giinther). Head 4; depth 62; eye 8. D. VI-11; A. 11; scales 76 to 82, 24 between second dorsal and anal. Head as broad as deep, flat above, snout elon- gate, upper profile oblique; mouth horizontal, lower jaw included, max- illary reaching to below anterior margin of eye. Teeth of the outer series enlarged; no canine teeth. Scales ctenoid, those on nape and anterior part of body very small; head naked. Dorsal fins lower than depth of body, none of the spines produced; caudal rounded, 7 in length of body. Yellowish olive; back and sides reticulated with blackish; head, dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins dotted with blackish, the spots forming streaks on second dorsal; 6 cross series of dots on caudal; an irregular, small blackish spot on the upper part of the base of the pec- toral. (Giinther.) Fresh-water streams of the eastern slope of Mexico; known to us only from Dr. Giinther’s description. Gobius mexicanus, GUNTHER, Cat., IIT, 61, 1861, Mexico. Chronophorus mexicanus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, J. c., 501. 816. BOLLMANNIA, Jordan. Bollmannia, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 164 (chlamydes). This genius differs from Lepidogobius by having no fleshy processes on inner edge of shoulder girdle, the interorbital area of skull narrower and without trace of median keel, and by very large ctenoid scales. From Gobius proper it is distinguished by the presence of 7 dorsal spines and by the presence of large scales on the cheeks. Species inhabiting the depths of the Pacific; not found in shoal waters as is the case with most other gobies. (‘‘I have named this species in honor of my late colleague, Mr. Charles Harvey Bollman, whose untimely death, while engaged in the exploration of the rivers of Georgia, took place while this paper was pass- ing through the press.”—J ordan. ) a. * A conspicuous black spot on posterior portion of spinous dorsal. Body deep, the least depth of caudal peduncle greater than diameter of orbit. b. Filamentous dorsal spines very long, reaching beyond middle of soft dorsal when depressed. Lower caudal rays black; dorsal spot conspicuously ocellated. Eye large, 3 to 31 in head. OCELLATA, 2567. bb. Filamentous dorsal spines shorter. Lower caudal rays not black, and dorsal spot not ocellated. Eye smaller, 32 to 4in head. CHLAMYDES, 2568. aa. No black spot on spinous dorsal. Body slender, the depth } the length. Least depth of caudal peduncle not greater than diameter of orbit. c. Head large, 3 to 3L in length. No black spot at base of caudal. Fins low. MACROPOMA, 2569. cc. Head smaller, 24 in length. A black spot at base of caudal. Fins higher. STIGMATURA, 2570. * This analysis of species is taken from Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus. 1891, 555. 223 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2567. BOLLMANNIA OCELLATA, Gilbert. Head 34 to 33 in length; depth 43. D. VII-14 or 15; A. 14; scales 27. Very close to Bollmannia chlamydes, differing from the latter constantly in the following respects: The eye is larger, 3 to 35 in head (3% to 4 in chlamydes); the filamentous rays of spinous dorsal are much longer, reach- ing in adults, when laid back, to or nearly to end of base of soft dorsal, 14 to 13 times length of head; rarely the filamentous dorsal rays are little more elongate than in chlamydes. Teeth in a narrow band in each jaw, the outer series in upper jaw, and both outer and inner series in lower jaw enlarged, but not canine-like; maxillary not reaching vertical from middle of pupil, 4 length of head; interorbital width less than + diameter of pupil; opercle short, its length being less than the diameter of the eye; pectorals nearly as long as head, a trifle more than length of ven- trals, which scarcely reach vent; caudal much longer than head in adults, 7 or 8 scales before dorsal. Black spot on posterior part of spinous dorsal jet black, conspicuously ocellated with white; a black streak along lower margin of caudal, including several of the lower rays, and running from base to tip of fin; no dusky bars visible on sides in any of the types; fins dusky; membranes uniting outer rays of ventrals white instead of black, as in chlamydes; no black spot at base of caudal; branchiostegal membrane with a medial black streak; anal blackish. Numerous speci- mens from the northern part of the Gulf of California, at Albatross Sta- tions 3031 and 3035, in 30 and 33 fathoms. Thisspecies may vary into the typical chlamydes, but the material before us does not justify us in so identifying it. (Gilbert.) (ocellatus, ocellated.) Bollmannia ocellata, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 555, Gulf of California. 2568. BOLLMANNIA CHLAMYDES, Jordan. Head 33 (5 to 54 in total); depth 44 (63 to 7). D. VII-15; A. 15; scalesina longitudinal series about 28, 8 or 9 in a cross series at vent. Body rather robust, compressed; head large and heavy, its profile evenly curved; mouth very large, oblique, the lower jaw projecting; maxillary reaching to opposite pupil, 24 to 2? in head; teeth small, sharp, in several series, the outer, especially in lower jaw, somewhat enlarged; eye longer than snout, 33 to 4 in head; interorbital area very narrow, concave, its least width about 4 of eye or almost equal to pupil; scales very large, ctenoid; little reduced on breast and nape; about 8 before dorsal, where they are little smaller than on body; top and sides of head with large scales; scales on cheek in 4 rows; 2 rows on upper part of opercle; the scales on head lost in some of the specimens; dorsal spines slender, filamentous, fifth longest, 1; in head; first 2 in head, last 34 to 4; first soft dorsal ray 25 in head, the antepenultimate longest and about equal to head; first anal ray equal to snout, the antepenultimate 14 in head; middle caudal rays very long, somewhat more than } length of body; pectorals 1+ in head; ventrals 14. Color olivaceous, darkest above; scales with a few black dots, some of the posterior occasionally dark edged; sides with 8 or 10 obscure dusky vertical bars, which are narrower than the inter- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2239 spaces, and in some specimens wholly obsolete; snout bluish; opercles with a dark shade; lips, gular region, and anterior branchiostegals very dark in males; upper part of spinous dorsal darkest, with a few lighter dark-edged oval spots, a well-marked black blotch between last 2 spines; soft dorsal dusky, usually with about 3 well-developed rows of lighter, dark-edged oval spots; anal dusky, crossed by 2 narrow bluish streaks; some of the last rays occasionally with a few spots similar to those on dorsal; caudal, pectorals, and ventrals dusky, tinged with blue; ventrals edged with pale. Length 4} inches. West coast of Colombia. Many specimens of this abundant species were dredged at Albatross Stations 2800 in 7 fathoms and 2805 in 514 fathoms. (yAauvdys, cloaked.) Bollmannia chlamydes, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 164, Pacific Ocean, off coast of Colombia, Station 2800, 8° 51’ N., 79° 41’ 30’ W., and Station 2805, 7° 56’ N., 79° 41/30’ W. (Type, No. 41158, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 2569. BOLLMANNIA MACROPOMA, Gilbert. Head 3 to 34; depths. D.VII-14; A.14; scales 28. Characterized by its slender form, low fins, large opercle, and comparatively plain colora- tion. Caudal peduncle correspondingly slender, its least height equaling diameter of eye. Head very large and heavy; opercle conspicuously larger than in B. ocellata, agreeing in this respect more nearly with B. chlamydes; dentition as in other species of the genus; eye large, 3} to3tin the head. Dorsal spines slender, comparatively little produced, the longest usually not reaching the base of the first ray of second dorsal, and never beyond the base of the second or third ray; soft dorsal and anal low, the posterior rays usually not reaching the rudimentary caudal rays when depressed, about + length of head; pectoral long, extending beyond front of anal; the ventrals to or nearly to vent; middle caudal rays pro- duced as usual, varying in length; scales 8 to 10 in front of dorsal. Color in spirits, light brownish, the sides with 3 vertical dusky bars; spinous dor- sal dusky, but without distinct black spot; caudal slightly dusky, with rather large elliptical light spots, asin B. chlamydes, the lower rays not black and no black spot at its base; ventrais blackish, including anterior membrane; second dorsal and anal dusky, without evident light spots; branchiostegal membranes sometimes slightly dusky, butnot black. Many specimens from the Gulf of California just north of La Paz Bay, at Albatross Station 2996, in 112 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (“axpos, large; mua, opercle.) Bollmannia macropoma, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 556, Albatross Station 2996, near La Paz, Lower California. 2570. BOLLMANNIA STIGMATURA, Gilbert. Head short, 33 in length; depth 5; least depth of caudal peduncle slightly less than diameter of eye; eye large, 24 in head. D. VII-15; A. 14; lateral line 28. Dorsal spines filamentous, longer than in B. macro- poma, the longest reaching base of fifth to seventh ray of second dorsal; posterior rays of second dorsal and anal often reaching base of median rays when depressed; pectorals not reaching beyond front of anal. Color 2240 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, almost uniform light brownish; lips black, the fins only slightly dusky, the caudal with elliptical light spots; a roundish dusky spot at base of caudal; branchiostegal membranes not black. Many specimens from the northern part of the Gulf of California, at Albatross Stations 3016 and 3017, in 76 and 58 fathoms. This species agrees with Bollmannia macropoma in its elongate form, comparatively low fins, and in the absence of a black spot on the spinous dorsal. It differs conspicuously in the very short head and narrow opercle, and in the presence of a black spot at base of tail. The eye is also larger and the fins higher. None of the specimens shows dusky bars on the sides, a conspicuous feature in B, macropoma. (Gilbert. ) (oriyua, spot; ovpa, tail.) Bollmannia stigmatura, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 556, Gulfof California, Alba- tross Stations 3016, 3017. 817. ABOMA, Jordan & Starks. Aboma, JORDAN & STARKS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 497 (etheostoma). This genus, allied to Microgobius, is distinguished by the large, ctenoid scales, which cover the body; head naked, rather long, pointed in profile; the mouth moderate, not very oblique; teeth rather strong. Dorsal spines more than 6, none of them filamentous; soft dorsal and anal short; no flaps on shoulder girdle. Cranium with a slight median crest. (The name Aboma is used by the Mexicans in Sinaloa as synonymous with goby.) a. Scales very large, 26 or 27; profile not very steep, the snout rather pointed. b. Sides with a jet-black lateral band; caudal with dark cross bars; maxillary 3 in head. ETHEOSTOMA, 2571. bb. Sides with 4 oblique dark cross bars; a large dark spotat base of caudal; mouth larger, the maxillary 2 in head. LUCRETL&, 2572. aa. Seales smaller, about 37; profile very steep, the snout rounded; sides with numer- ous pale cross bands with darker spots. CHIQUITA, 2573. 2571. ABOMA ETHEOSTOMA, Jordan & Starks. Head 34; depth 5. D.VIII-11; A. 10; scales 26; longest dorsal spine 1% in head; eye 3; snout 4; maxillary 3. Body long and low, moderately depressed and pointed forward. Scales large, ctenoid behind, none on head, those on nape and belly much reduced. Mouth moderate, terminal, moderately oblique; the maxillary reaching middle of pupil; jaws sub- equal, or the lower a little the longer; teeth rather strong. No flaps on shoulder girdle. Cranium with a slight median crest. Interorbital ridge not hollowed out; skull not abruptly widened behind. Color olivaceous, side with a very broad jet-black lateral band, 3 times interrupted by sil- very; caudal white, with 4 < shaped bands, growing progressively fainter behind; pectoral mottled gray, with a jet-black oblique crescent toward its base surrounding a large yellow spot; side of head with 4 round gray spots separated by black, the largest below eye, with a black streak be- fore it; first dorsal jet-black, second mottled, the produced spine with yellowish; ventral and anal pale. A single small specimen, 14 inches long, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2241 found in the mud on a shallow bottom in the Astillero at Mazatlan. (Etheostoma, a darter, which this species strongly resembles.) Aboma etheostoma, JORDAN & STARKS, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 498, pl. 50, Mazatlan. (Coll. Hopkins Expedition to Mazatlan.) 2572. ABOMA LUCRETIE (Eigenmann & Eigenmann). Head 34 in length; depth 54. D. VII-10; A. 12; scales 28-8. Body slightly compressed posteriorly; head little wider than high; eye placed high, its diameter equaling length of snout, 4} in head; profile little decurved; mouth large, oblique; maxillary extending below posterior margin of orbit, 2 in head; intermaxillary anteriorly on a level with cen- ter of pupil; teeth all recurved, large, those of upper jaw in a narrow band; teeth of outer and inner series enlarged, those of lower jaw similar, largest in front. No dermal flaps on shoulder girdle. Scales large, very weakly ctenoid, becoming cycloid and very much crowded above and below pectoral; head, breast, and anterior part of nape naked. As seen through a lens, these regions seem to be covered with minute embedded scales; this effect is, no doubt, due to light reticulations on a darker ground. Dorsal spines slender, not filamentous; caudal pointed, 35 in length of body; ventrals 14 in head; pectorals longer than head. Color light brownish, with 4 oblique dark cross bars as wide as interspaces; 4 narrower transverse bars on nape and back; a large dusky spot.at base of caudal; upper half of base of pectoral black; a black spot on opercle, margined below and behind with silvery; fins dusky. Pearl Island, Gulf of Panama; only 1 specimen known. (Named for Mrs. Lucretia M. Smith of San Diego, mother of Mrs. Eigenmann. ) 2573. ABOMA CHIQUITA (Jenkins & Evermann). Head 34 to 34; depth 44 to 43. D.VII-11; A.10; eye 4?in head in adult, 4 in young; scales 37-17. Body rather stout, compressed; head short, somewhat depressed, widened behind orbits; snout short and narrowly rounded; profile in front of eye very steep, less so to occiput, and nearly straight from there to caudal fin; eyes moderate, well up; interorbital space very narrow, less than eye; greatest width of head equaling greatest depth of body. Top of head, opercles, and space in front of dorsal naked, rest of body covered with small, strongly ctenoid scales, which increase in size upon the caudal peduncle. Spinous dorsal with its first spine fila- mentous in adult, much longer than head and reaching middle of soft dorsal, this filament wanting in young; distance from snout to origin of spinous dorsal a little more than 4 distance to base of caudal; second dor- sal but slightly separated from spinous, its origin about midway of total length of fish; anal of about the same shape and size as soft dorsal, but beginning a little behind it; pectorals tapering, about equaling head in length, their tips not reaching origin of anal, but to origin of soft dorsal; ventrals united, free from belly, inserted behind pectorals, but their tips not reaching tips of pectorals. Teeth apparently in a single series, small and weak. Ground color pale yellowish, thickly mottled with fine punc- 2242 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, | tulations of dark; about 7 pretty well-defined larger spots of dark brown along middle of side; 8 or 9 faint cross bars of lighter, a number of small light spots scattered irregularly over the sides; head dark; dorsal, anal, and ventral fins covered with fine black points; in some specimens the dorsals and anal quite dark; pectorals plainer; caudal similar to ventrals; ‘the cranium is depressed and flattish behind the orbits, without distinct median keel on occiput or on interorbital area. The form of the head is as in typical Gobius, the occiput abruptly widened behind the eyes; the ridges also similar, the orbital ridge bounding the orbit behind as well as above the eye and joining the temporal ridge laterally.” (Gilbert MS.) Length 1 to 2 inches. Gulf of California; abundant. The original de- scription from young examples, here corrected in accordance with Dr. Gilbert’s notes on many adults taken by him at La Paz. (Spanish, chiquito; a diminutive of chico, a little one.) Gobius chiquita, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 146, Guaymas, Sonora. (Type, No. 39634. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) 818. MICROGOBIUS, Poey. Microgobius, Pony, Enumeratio, 127, 1875 (signatus). Dorsal spines 7 or 8; scales very small, cycloid or weakly ctenoid, the body sealéd anteriorly as well as posteriorly, the head naked, the nape, belly, and breast usually so. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without fleshy processes; body more or less compressed; mouth large, very oblique; the lower jaw conspicuous, teeth strong; interorbital groove with or without a median ridge. Vertebree 11-+15 or 16. (uzxpds, small; Gobius.) a. Scales about 42. Body elongate, moderately compressed, the depth 4 to 5 in length; head long and large, rather sharp in profile, 3 to 34in body; eye longer than snout, 4in head; mouth large, very oblique, the lower jaw strongly projecting; maxil- lary 14 to 24 in head, extending to opposite middle of eye, or much beyond front of orbit; teeth in few series, the outer very long and slender, curved, the lower longest, none canine-like; scales small, some of them with short, thick teeth, those of anterior part of body not well developed; dorsal spines more or less filamentous, the third and fourth or fourth and fifth sometimes with long filaments; caudal pointed, about as long as head. Grayish olive, with rather sharply-defined markings of darker brown overlaid with orange in life; head with a pale bluish or gilt stripe from maxillary backward across suborbital region to upper edge of gill opening; another pale gilt streak from snout along lower part of eye, another from angle of mouth upward and backward; rest of head dark; opercle with an oblique blackish bar; top of head and nape with dark marbling sur- rounded by paler reticulations; back with a series of black cross blotches mostly separated on the median line; 2 narrower dark vertical bars behind pectoral; middle line of side posteriorly with longitudinally oblong black blotches; besides these, numerous other blotches not regularly arranged; first dorsal with 2 or3 oblique black bands; second dorsal pale, with about 4 series of black dots; cau- dal spotted with black; pectoral yellowish; ventral black, its center yellowish (male); anal pale. D. VIJ-15; A. 16 or 17. GULOSUS, 2574. aa. Scales about 50; snout not pointed; depth 53 in length; mouth large, the maxillary 24 in head; teeth strong. Color yellowish, much dotted, but without bars. EULEPIS, 2575. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2248 aaa. Scales 65 or more. b. Caudal fin more than 3 (2) length of body. Scales very small, cycloid, decidu- ous. Body elongate, much compressed, highest in front of ventrals, tapering regularly to the very narrow, short caudal peduncle; greatest depth 4% in length; head 34. Head compressed, much higher than wide; snout very short, acute, preorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth terminal, very wide and oblique; jaws equal; maxillary reaching vertical from mid- dle of orbit, 2 in head. Outer series of teeth enlarged. Eye 3 in head. Dorsals closely contiguous; spines very slender, the fifth slightly pro- duced and filamentous; pectorals as long as head. Head and body trans- lucent, overlaid by brilliant green luster, formed by minute, close-set green points; 3 conspicuous translucent bars wider than the interspaces, cross- ing body close behind head; head with 2 brilliant narrow blue and green lines running obliquely across cheek below eye; dorsal whitish, with 2 or 3 lengthwise series of large reddish-brown spots; spinous dorsal black- ish at base, upper caudal rays marked with red, the lower portion of caudal and most of the anal fin blackish, anal whitish at base, the ante- rior rays tipped with white. In spirits, body dusted with dark points; 2 light cross bars toward head; lower part of caudal and anal black. D. VII-16; A. 15. THALASSINUS, 2576. bb. Caudal fin less than} lengthof body. Scales small, cycloid, embedded. Body very much compressed, more or less elongate, greatest depth at ventrals 4 (female) to 64 (male) in length; head 34 to4. Head much compressed, much deeper than wide. Snout very short, acute, the anterior profile not decurved, not steep; preorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth very large, very oblique or almost vertical; maxillary extending to below pupil, 2in head (in male, 24in female). Lower jaw projecting, the teethof the outer series enlarged, recurved. Eye 3} to4in head. Dorsals contiguous, spines very fine, produced in filaments, the third highest, a little longer than head; second dorsal and analhigh. Head and napenaked. In the female the depth is greater, mouth less oblique, smaller; profile from spinous dorsal oblique. First dorsal spine highest, 3} in length. Ventrals much shorter than in males. Dark gray; female with a short bright blue bar bordered by blackish above pectorals; a blotch of sky blue and orange below eye; fins dusky, the ventrals pale in female, dusky in males. Males with the body plain bluish gray. D. VII-17 to 20; A. 18 to 21; scales 68 to 70. SIGNATUS, 2577. 2574. MICROGOBIUS GULOSUS (Girard). Head 3 to 34; depth 4 to 5; eye 4 in head, longer than snout. D. VII- 15; A. 16 or17; scales about 42; vertebree 11+15. Body elongate, moder- ately compressed; head long and large, rather sharp in profile; mouth large, very oblique, the lower jaw strongly projecting; maxillary 14 to 24 in head, extending to opposite middle of eye. Teeth in few series, the outer very long and slender, curved, the lower longest, none canine-like. Body entirely scaled, except the nape, belly, breast, and head, which are naked; scales small, some of them with short thick teeth, those on ante- rior part of body not well developed. Dorsal spines more or less filamen- tous, the third to fifth sometimes with long filaments; caudal pointed, as long as head. Ventrals as long as pectorals, which are 1} in head. Skull flattened behind, with a median ridge extending from eyes back to end of skull. Double crests bordering skull in front and on sides, the inner ones meeting in front of median crest. Interorbital very narrow and deeply grooved, with a median ridge. Frontal bones very thin and fragile. 2244 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Teeth on each jaw in narrow bands, all alike. Coloration in life, light grayish olive, with rather sharply defined markings of darker brown; head with a pale bluish stripe from behind the angle of the mouth upward and forward parallel with the gape to below front of eye, then turn- ing abruptly backward across suborbital region to upper edge of gill opening; another pale streak from snout along lower part of eye; between this and the first streak a dusky area; below the first-mentioned streak a dusky region on cheek; opercle with an oblique blackish bar; top of head with dark marblings surrounded by paler reticulations; back with a series of black cross blotches, mostly separated on the median line; 2 narrow vertical dark bars behind pectoral; middle line of side pos- teriorly with longitudinally oblong black blotches; besides these num- erous other blotches not regularly arranged; first dorsal with 2 or 3 oblique black bands; second dorsal pale, with about 4 series of black dots; caudal spotted with black, pectoral yellowish, ventral black, its center yellowish; anal pale; lower side of head pale; jaws dusky. Coast of Florida to Texas, in sandy or weedy bays, common north to Indian River. A strongly marked species with no near relative among our other gobies. The specimens here described from Pensacola. (gulosus, large- mouthed. ) Gobius gulosus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, Indianola, Texas; GIRARD, U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., Zool., 26, 1859; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 634, 1883. Lepidogobius gulosus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 294; JoRDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 945, 1883. Microgobius gulosus, JORDAN & KIGENMANN, l. ¢., 505. 2575. MICROGOBIUS EULEPIS, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Head 4 in length (5} in total); depth 53 (7). D. VII-15; A.16; scales 50-14. Body elongate, scarcely compressed; head slightly higher than wide, the depth 1} in its length; eye large, longer than snout, 3} in head; snout 5 in head, rather broad, not pointed as in M. thalassinus; preorbital narrower than pupil; mouth very oblique, maxillary not extending beyond anterior margin of pupil, 2} in head; teeth in upper jaw in a very narrow band, slightly enlarged in outer series, largest toward angle of mouth; teeth of lower jaw in a similar band, some of outer ones in front long and slender. Scales cycloid, rather large, crowded anteriorly, regularly ar- ranged, not embedded as in MV. signatus, not deciduous as in M. thalassinus; breast, nape, and region along spinous dorsal naked. First dorsal spine equidistant from tip of snout and first anal ray; longest dorsal spine 14 in head; caudal fin about 4 in body; ventral not reaching vent, equaling length of head, the basal membrane } of its actual length; pectoral equal- ing length of head. Color yellow or very light brown, dotted with minute dark points above; scales along back with a dark margin; head and nape with minute points; spinous dorsal transparent, a marked black spot on upper part of membrane between fourth and fifth dorsal spines; other fins plain; a light vertical bar on posterior margin of preopercle; Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2245 no other bars or stripes anywhere. Fortress Monroe, Virginia; known 2 nee 5 DP from a specimen 1i inches long. (ev, well; Aezzs, scaled.) Microgobius eulepis, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 69, Fortress Monroe, Virginia. (Type, No. 27123,M.C.Z. Coll. Mrs. C. N. Willard.) 2576. MICROGOBIUS THALASSINUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 34in length; depth 4%. D. VII-16; A. 15; eye 3in head. Body elongate, much compressed, highest in front of ventrals, thence tapering regularly to a very narrow, short caudal peduncle; the body with a pecu- liar, translucent, fragile appearance, common also to Z. emblematicus. Head compressed, much higher than wide; snout very short, acute, the preorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth terminal, very wide and oblique, the jaws equal; maxillary reaching vertical from middle of orbit, + length of head; teeth in a narrow band in each jaw, the outer series enlarged, canine-like (under a microscope the band of small teeth behind the outer series seems evident, but the size of our specimens does not enable us to verify it with certainty); eyes placed high, separated by a narrow ridge, the diameter about 4 length of head. Dorsals very closely contiguous; spines very slender, the fifth slightly produced and filamentous, reaching (in our specimens) to base of third soft ray when depressed; caudal lanceo- late, very long and pointed, the middle rays produced, 2? in body; pec- torals as long as head; the upper rays not silk-like; ventrals with basal membranes well developed; the fin long, reaching to or slightly beyond front of anal, somewhat longer than head. Body covered with rather small cycloid scales; head naked; the scales very readily deciduous; as they have in our specimens mostly fallen off, the count can not be given. Head and body translucent, overlaid by brilliant green luster, which is formed by exceedingly minute close-set green points; the luster is intense toward the head, where it assumes a blue tint, and becomes hardly notice- able on caudal peduncle; 3 conspicuous translucent bars, wider than the interspaces, crossing body immediately behind head; head with 2 bril- liant narrow blue or green lines running obliquely across cheek below eye; opercle with greenish luster; branchiostegal membrane white; dor- sals whitish, with 2 or 3 lengthwise series of large reddish-brown spots; spinous dorsal blackish at base; upper caudal rays marked with red, the lower portion of caudal and the most of the anal fin blackish, anal whitish at base, the anterior rays tipped with brilliant white; ventrals light buff; pectorals translucent. In spirits, the body appears dusted with dark points; 2 light cross bars toward head; lower part of caudal and anal black. Coast of South Carolina; two specimens, the largest 1} inches long (No. 29674, U. S. Nat. Mus.), were taken in muddy tide pools in Charleston Harbor. (§aAac6ozv0s, thalassinus, sea-green; 9@Aacdéa, the sea. ) Gobins thalassinus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 612, Charleston Har- bor, South Carolina. (Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) Lepidogooius thalassinus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 947, 1883. Microgobius thalassinus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, J. c., 508. 2246 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2577. MICROGOBIUS SIGNATUS, Poey. Head 31 to 4; depth 4 (female) to 6} (male); eye 3} to4. D. VII-17 to 20; A.18 to 21; scales 68 to 70; vertebra 14-+- 15. Body very much compressed, more or less elongate; head much compressed, deeper than wide; snout very short, acute, the anterior profile not decurved, not steep; preorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth very large, almost vertical ; maxillary extend- ing to below pupil, 2 in head in male, 2} in female; lower jaw projecting ; teeth of the outer series enlarged and recurved. Dorsals contiguous, spines very fine, produced in filaments, the third longest, a little longer than head; second dorsal and anal high. Scales as in M. gulosus. Skull rounded, very fragile; a median crest which is highest between eyes; lateral crests developed, the inner ones meeting above posterior part of eye; interorbital comparatively broad, the median crest ending above anterior part of the orbit. Teeth in each jaw in 2 or 3 series; outer series of the upper jaw enlarged and recuryed, the inner ones minute; outer series of lower jaw smaller than those of upper jaw, the one nearest angle of mouth an enlarged canine. Dark gray; female with a short bright blue bar, bordered by blackish above pectoral; a blotch of sky blue and orange below eye; fins dusky, the ventrals pale in female; males with the body plain bluish gray. The sexual differences in this species are very strongly marked. West Indies, in salt water; common in Cuba; one of the smallest gobies, barely 2 inches long. Here described from Havana examples collected by Dr. Jordan. (signatus, marked.) Microgobius signatus, Pony, Enumeratio, 127, pl. 5, fig. 8, 1875, Cuba (Type in M. C. Z. Coll. Poey); JoRDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 49; JoRDAN & EIGENMANN, U. c., 505. 819. ZALYPNUS, Jordan & Evermann. Zalypnus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 459, 1896 (emblematicus). This genus differs from Microgobius in having the anterior half of the body naked. Soft dorsal and anal long, of 16 or 17 rays. Two species known. (C€dAy, surf; Umvos, slumber.) a. Seales 48; shoulder with a round black spot; none of the dorsal spines elongate. CYCLOLEPIS, 2578. aa. Scales 65; a silvery cross bar behind pectorals; some of the dorsal spines usually elongate. EMBLEMATICUS, 2579. 2578. ZALYPNUS CYCLOLEPIS (Gilbert). D. VII-16; A.17; scales 48. Body somewhat elongate, compressed, the mouth very large, narrow, and oblique; maxillary produced beyond the rictus for a distance equaling 3 diameter of orbit, reaching vertical from posterior margin of pupil, 13 in head; snout short, 5 in head; eye larger, 3% in head; interorbital width 4 orbit; teeth in upper jaw in 2 series, the outer enlarged and distant; in lower jaw apparently in a single series, similar to outer series of upper jaw, with 2 stronger canines anteriorly. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without fleshy prominences. Dorsal spines Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2247 7, none of them elongate, the membrane of last spine reaching base of first soft ray; soft anal rays of moderate height, 1} in head, the tips of last rays reaching base of caudal, the fin similar to soft dorsal but lower; caudal long, apparently rounded posteriorly, longer than head (mutilated in our specimen); ventrals and pectorals reaching vent. Scales cycloid, small, absent on belly, nape, and on sides in front of fourth dorsal spine. Color in spirits, light olive, the fins dusky; a conspicuous round black spot on shoulder, 4 size of eye, its posterior margin denser black. Resem- bling Zalypnus emblematicus, differing in its larger scales and different color- ation. A single specimen, about 2 inches long, from Lower California, in Tfathoms. (Gilbert.) (xUxAos, circle, cycloid; Aezizs, scale.) Microgobius cyclolepis, GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1891,74, Albatross Station 3020, Lower California. 2579. ZALYPNUS EMBLEMATICUS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 3%; depth 5. D. VII-16; A. 17; scales about 65. Anterior part of body naked; teeth of upper jaw in one series; body elongate, com- pressed, heaviest forward; depth 5 in length; head 3%; snout short, rather broad, acute in profile; mouth terminal, very oblique; gape wide, its length nearly 4 head; maxillary reaching to opposite middle of pupil; lower jaw projecting. Teeth in lower jaw partly in 2 series in front, forming a single row laterally; anterior teeth in both jaws strong, in- curved, Eyes very large, about 4 of head; snout less than orbit. Scales extremely small, cycloid, scarcely increasing in size toward caudal pedun- cle; head and anterior part of body to front of dorsal fin naked; a narrow naked strip along base of anterior 4 of spinous dorsal. Dorsal spines very slender and weak, some of the middle ones usually prolonged, sometimes reaching nearly to the base of caudal, sometimes little elevated; second dorsal and anal similar to each other, the rays high, the last when de- pressed nearly reaching to the base of caudal; caudal pointed, a little longer than head. Light olivaceous; above thickly punctate with pale dots; sides very thickly covered with golden-green specks; back with 6 pairs of golden-green spots on each side of the dorsal fin, each nearly as large as pupil; sides of head and anterior half of body with wide streaks and bars alternately of purplish blue and golden bronze; those on cheek longitudinal; those on opercle extending obliquely upward and back- ward, those on body vertical; first dorsal dusky, second dorsal with about 3 series of light-blue spots; anal pale; caudal yellowish green be- low, dusky above, a very conspicuous narrow bright-red streak from the lower end of the base to the tip of the fifth or sixth ray from the bottom, thus crossing the rays obliquely; ventrals bluish. In spirits, plain light olive, witha silvery cross bar behind pectorals. Length 3}inches. Panama; known only from the original types. (é(Anua, a banner, from the high dorsal. ) Gobius emblematicus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull.U.S.Fish Comm.1881, 330, Bay of Panama, Lepidogobius emblematicus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 505. 2248 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 820. EUCYCLOGOBIUS, Gill. Bucyclogobius, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 279 (newberryi). This genus is allied to Lepidogobius, differing chiefly in the naked head and short, chubby body; shoulder girdle with a few dermal flaps; opercle adnate to shoulder girdle from the angle upward; dorsal spines 6 or 7; soft dorsal short; scales all cycloid; cranium depressed behind the parie- tal region, somewhat excavated, the supraoccipital crest rather high, not extending so far forward as the orbit. Species small, in fresh or brackish waters of California. (ev, well; xvxAos, circle (cycloid); Gobius.) 2580. EUCYCLOGOBIUS NEWBERRYI (Girard). Head 33 to 33; depth 44 to5}. D. VI or VII*-11; A.10 or 11 (8 in one specimen, perhaps abnormal); scales about 60 to 70, too irregular for exact counting. Body moderately elongate, somewhat compressed, tapering posteriorly; head rounded above, its width 2} in its length; mouth large, oblique, the maxillary reaching to or beyond posterior margin of orbit, 2 to 2} in head; interorbital space wide, 4 to 44 in head ; snout bluntish, broad, a little longer than interorbital width; eye small, 5 in head; teeth present on both jaws, slender, canine-like, arranged in series, the outer row enlarged; caudal peduncle 3 to 34 in head; gill slit about 24 in head, its upper edge opposite or slightly above uppermost ray of pectoral; scales minute, cycloid, inconspicuous, wanting on head, nape, and fins; shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 small dermal flaps; dorsals separated by a narrow space; dorsal spines very slender; base of spinous dorsal 24 to 2% in head; anal similar to soft dorsal, its base about 14 in head; caudal subtruncate, 17 to 1; in head; ventrals inserted under or slightly behind lower edge of base of pectorals, 1? to 2 in head; pectorals 13 tolfin head. Dark olivaceous, mottled with darker; head with some dusky markings; the sides and back with irregular dark markings as in species of Htheostomine; dorsals distinctly mottled; the first 3 or 4 dorsal spines margined with paler; caudal with faint, broad, wavy cross bars, a faint spot at its base; anal dusky; ventrals yellowish, dusky in males; pectorals plain. Length about 2 inches. Streams of California, in small clear brooks near the sea; locally common in San Luis Obispo Creek, where the specimens here described were taken; probably con- fined to fresh waters. (Named for Dr. John Strong Newberry of Columbia College, then also on the U. S. Geological Survey.) Gobius newberryi, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 136, Tomales Bay (Coll. E. Sam- uels) ; GIRARD, Jour. Bost.Soc. Nat. Hist. 1857, 530, pl. 25, figs. 5 to8; GrRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, 128, 1858. Lepidogobius newberryt, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 637, 1888; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, ties 0S. *Of the nine specimens examined from San Luis Obispo Creek, five have 7 dorsal spines and the other four 6. Girard gives the fin rays as D. VIII-13; A.12; but we have seen no specimens either with 8 spines or 13 rays. Six specimens from Wadell Creek, Santa Cruz County, California, show the following fin variation: D. VI in 4° DS Vithanit: D.V (?) ind; D. rays 10 in 4; D. rays 9 in 2; A.10 in 2; A.8in1; A,9in3. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2249 821. LEPIDOGOBIUS, Gill. Lepidogobius, GILL, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.1859, 14 (lepidus). Cyclogobius, STEINDACHNER, S. B. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien, XL, 1860, 284 (lepidus). This genus contains small gobies with the head and body covered with small cycloid scales; dorsal spines 7; inner edge of shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 dermal flaps; interorbital grooye with the median ridge of skull little developed; body elongate, subterete; otherwise essentially as in ~ Gobius, the skull nearly as in Gillichthys, with a median keel and not abruptly widened behind the eye. Pacific Ocean; not entering rivers. (Aezts, scale; Gobius.) 2581. LEPIDOGOBIUS LEPIDUS (Girard). Head 44, regularly conical; depth 7; eye 4, equal to snout, twice as long as deep. D.VII-16 to 18; A.15; scales about 86. Body elongate, subfusiform, little compressed. Snout not obtuse in profile; interorbital space narrow, about equal to diameter of pupil. Mouth rather large, maxillary reaching to below posterior edge of pupil, 24 in head; teeth small, all similar, those of upper jaw in 2 or3 series, those of lower jaw close set, in a broad band. Body covered with small cycloid scales which are very much reduced anteriorly, especially on the nape; cheeks, sides of head, and upper posterior part of opercles covered with small scales; top of head sealy to eye; breast scaled. Dorsal spines weak, the longest 2 in head; soft dorsal low, none of the rays reaching caudal; caudal long, somewhat pointed. Color very pale olive, with roundish blotches of rusty red on back and sides; vertical fins mottled with reddish; distal half of all fins and under side of head blackish, especially in the males. ‘“‘This species is remarkable for numerous lines of papille on mandible, snout, and sides of head. The occipital region of the skull is somewhat more depressed than in Gobius soporator, and has much lower ridges. A low median carina is present and the low supraorbital ridges are contin- uous behind the eyes with the temporal crests.” (Gilbert MS.) Pacifie coast of North America, from Vancouver Island to Lower California; in rather deep water off San Francisco Bay; often seined in great numbers — and sold in restaurants as ‘‘ whitebait.” (lepidus, pretty.) Gobius gracilis, GIRARD, Proc. Ac, Nat. Sci. Phila, 1854, 134, San Francisco; preoccupied by Gobius gracilis, JENYNS. Gobius lepidus, GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, 127, pl. 25a, figs. 5 and 6,1858; substitute for gracilis; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 78, 1861. Lepidogobius gracilis, Git, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 1859, 14; JorpAN & GILBERT, Syn- opsis, 637, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 502. 822. GILLICHTHYS, Cooper. Gillichthys, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1863, 109 (mirabilis). Gillia, GUNTHER, Zool. Record 1864, 157 (mirabilis) ; name preoccupied. Saccostoma (GUICHENOT MS.) SUAVAGE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1882, 171 (guloswm); name preoccupied. Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with small, cycloid, embedded scales; belly and head naked. Scales of the young more or 3030——64 bo bo Sr So Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. less ciliated. Eyes small, almost superior. Gape wide, the maxillary in the adult inordinately developed, prolonged backward to the base of the pectorals, its posterior part a cartilaginous expansion, connected to an expansion of the skin of the lower jaw, thus forming a channel backward from the mouth, almost exactly as in WNeoclinus and Opisthognathus, genera otherwise very different. Teeth small, even, in broad bands. Skull in adult with a strong median keel, not abruptly widened behind the eye, triangular behind; young with the keel obsolete. Dorsal fins 2, the second high, the first of 6 very weak spines, none of which is exserted ; soft dorsal and anal short; caudal less rounded; pectorais large; isthmus broad. Singular little fishes, in brackish waters, burrow- ing in the mud; confined to the Pacific. (Named for Theodore Gill.) a. Head moderately depressed; dorsal fins close together. MIRABILIS, 2582. aa. Head very broad and depressed; distance between dorsals 4 length of first dorsal. DETRUSUS, 2583. 2582. GILLICHTHYS MIRABILIS, Cooper. (LONG-JAWED GOBY.) Head 31; depth 5; eye 6 to 7; snout longer than eye, low, little decurved. D. VI-12; A. 10; vertebree 15+17. Body stout, somewhat com- pressed behind, broad and depressed anteriorly; head broader than deep, its width 14, its depth 2 or more in its length; interorbital space greater than eye. Mouth very large; maxillary variable, extending to base of pectoral in adult, broadened behind; fold of lower lip extending its full length. Teeth all alike, small, fixed, and in bands, the band of the lower jaw broader than that of the upper. Scales small, cycloid, irregularly placed, largest from front of dorsal backward, decreasing in size ante- riorly; head, breast, belly, and 4 of nape naked. Dorsal spines not filamentous, not as long as the soft rays which are little more than 4 depth of body; caudal broad, short, rounded; pectorals broad and rounded, longer than ventrals, 2 in head. Skull not abruptly widened behind eye, as in Gobius, being triangular posteriorly. No lateral ridges; a strong median keel; a short transverse crest behind orbit. Interorbital not deeply grooved, with a blunt median ridge. Orbit not bordered by any prominent ridges. Teeth in both jaws, close set, in bands, all alike. Dull olive, very finely marbled with darker; sides of head and maxillary finely punctuate; fins olive; belly yellowish. Length 8 inches. Pacific coast of North America, from San Francisco to Cerros Island; a most remarkable little fish; very abundant in the mud flats in shallow water along the California coast, burrowing in holes in the mud like a crawfish, and readily taking the hook baited with flesh or worm when dropped into the mouth of the burrow. (mirabilis, wonderful.) Gillichthys mirabilis, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1863, 109, San Diego Bay; LOcKINGTON, Amer. Nat. 1879; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 636, 1883; JoRDAN & EIGENMANN, l.c., 510; EVERMANN & JENKINS, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 162. Gobius townsendi, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 463, San Diego; young. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2251 2583. GILLICHTHYS DETRUSUS, Gilbert & Scofield. Allied to Gillichthys mirabilis, Cooper, differing in the broader and more depressed head, the larger anal fin, and greater distance between the 2 dorsals. Head 34; depth 5; eye 7 in head; snout 4; interorbital 5}. D. VI-13; A. 11 developed rays (10 in G. mirabilis); scales very fine ante- riorly but becoming much larger posteriorly; about 75 scales from base of pectoral to caudal, and about 25 longitudinal rows between front of anal and front of second dorsal. The head is depressed, the frontals broad, the shortest distance across being contained in the head 8 times (11 times in G. mirabilis.) The postfrontals are small and project but very little, differing from G. mirabilis, where the postfrontals project into an elevated wing-like process. The width of the isthmus contained 3 times in the head; maxillary 14 and mandible 1} in head. Least depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head. Distance between dorsals equal to 4 length of first dorsal; length of first dorsal 2} in head; second dorsal 14; anal 2 in head; length of longest pectoral ray 1% in head. Color a very pale olive, some with dark punctulations about the head and fins. The pale coloration is probably due to their life in shallow water on bottom of pale sand. Gulf of California. The types and numerous other specimens, the longest about 5 inches long, were taken by Dr. C. H. Gilbert at Horseshoe Bend, near the mouth of the Colorado River, in Mexico, where they are quite abundant. These are numbered 3836 in L. S. Jr. Uniy. Mus. (detrusus, depressed. ) Gillichthys detrusus, GILBERT & SCOFIELD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xx, 1897, 498, pl. 38, Horse- shoe Bend, mouth of Colorado River. (Type, No. 48127. Coll. Gilbert & Alexander.) 823. QUIETULA, Jordan & Evermann. Quietula, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 839 (y-cauda). This genus is closely related to Gillichthys, from which it differs in the presence of 2 or 3 cutaneous flaps on the inner edge of the shoulder girdle. Maxillary elongate, as in Gillichthys; scales rather small, eycloid; cranium essentially as in Gillichthys. Small gobies living in the mud of lagoons and river mouths. (A diminutive, from quies, quiet.) 2584. QUIETULA Y-CAUDA (Jenkins & Evermann). Head 34 (4); depth 7 (8); eye 34. D. V-14 or 15; A. 15; scales about 50-18; B.5. Body moderately elongate, compressed, narrowing regularly from shoulder girdle to caudal fin; head not greatly depressed, broader than body, its length 4 in body; snout rounded, short, about equal to diameter of eye; interorbital space narrow, not greater than 4 diameter of eye; mouth rather large, its gape extending nearly to vertical of pos- terior margin of orbit; maxillary somewhat variable in length, but usually prolonged behind eye for a distance nearly equal to diameter of eye. Scales small, cycloid, about 50 in longitudinal series, 18 in trans- verse. Teeth in a narrow band on premaxillaries and mandible, short, blunt, and curved slightly backward, most closely set and most numerous 2252 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. on premaxillaries. Shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 small cutaneous flaps on its inner edge. Fins moderate; dorsal of 5 spines and 16 soft rays, the spines unconnected with the rayed portion, the space between them about equal to 4 diameter of eye; the spines weak and flexible, their length + that of head; soft dorsal beginning at a point a little nearer end of snout than tip of caudal and extending nearly to caudal, its height about equal to that of spinous portion, the first few rays slightly graduated; anal having 15 rays and beginning a little behind origin of soft dorsal, the rays about equaling those of dorsal in length; pectorals moderate, inserted a little below axis of the body, their length greater than depth of body, their tips reaching a vertical from posterior part of spinous dorsal; ventrals united, but not adnate to belly, inserted slightly in front of pectorals and their tips not quite reaching those of pectorals. Ground color light; head and body pretty uniformly covered with dark punctula- tions; an irregular dark bar across occiput; breast and belly pale; a row of 9 or 10 small dark blotches along middle of side, the one at base of caudal plainest and having a shape something like the Greek letter 7°; about 6 dark blotches along median line of back;- peritoneum dark. Length about 13 inches. Pacific coast of North America, from Guaymas to Vancouver Island; excessively abundant from San Diego southward in mud flats; specimens recorded from Saanich Arm, Vancouver Island, San Diego, mouth of Colorado River, San Luis Gonzales Bay, St. Georges Bay, Concepcion Bay, Guaymas, and La Paz. It was at first confounded with the young of Gillichthys mirabilis, from which genus it differs in the pres- ence of dermal flaps on the shoulder girdle.* (cauda, tail, which has a Y-like mark.) : Gillichthys y-cauda, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1888, 147, Guaymas, Sonora. (Type, No. 39637. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) Quietula y-cauda, JORDAN & STARKS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 839. Gillichthys guaymasic,} JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 148, Guaymas, Sonora; young specimens 24 inches long. (Type, No. 39637. Coll. Jenkins & Ever- mann.) * “The cranium is similar to that of Gillichthys mirabilis, the occiput being depressed, wedge-shaped, narrowed anteriorly with a blunt median carina, the supraorbital and temporal ridges not continuous behind the eye. As in Gillichthys mirabilis, the supra- orbital ridges end in wing-like expansions immediately behind the interorbital space.” (Gilbert MS.) t Gillichthys guaymasic is thus described: Head 3 (32 in total); depth 6 (7). D. V-14; A. 13; eye 5. Body quite slender, elongate, but little compressed; head long, narrow, not much widened behind the eyes, not depressed, forming 4 the length to base of caudal. Profile gently arched from snout to 4 the distance to dorsal fin, from there nearly straight to dorsal, and then gently curved to caudal peduncle; ventral outline nearly straight; a considerable prominence on the snout made by the enlarged end of the turbinal bone. Eye somewhat above the median line, not quite equaling the snout in length; interorbital space narrow, 14 times in the eye. The maxillaries are much produced, in some speci mens nearly reaching the gill openings, broadest at the middle, and tapering to a blunt point posteriorly; premaxillaries not protractile, but little movable at the symphysis, more than 4 as long as the maxillaries. Gill rakers 2 above the angle, 10 below, short and blunt, the first 4 the largest, those on the second arch but little developed. Teeth well developed, in a single series, on mandible and premaxillaries, all slightly curved back- ward. Tongue not so broad as in Gillichthys mirabilis, Cooper; it is gently rounded at the tip, which is free for a much greater length than in Gillichthys mirabilis. Peritoneum black or blackish, and the intestine short, but little longer than the head, and not at all convoluted. Scales small, embedded, and scarcely perceptible except on sides; no pores appear to be developed. First dorsal of fine flexible spines, distance of origin from snout 22 Jength of body, and separated from the second dorsal by a distance but little greater than length of snout; second dorsal of 14 rays of nearly equal length, which equals the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2253 824. ILYPNUS, Jordan & Evermann. Tlypnus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 460, 1896 (gilbert). This genus is allied to Clevelandia, from which it differs chiefly in the presence of dermal flaps on the inner edge of the shoulder girdle; scales minute, embedded, cycloid; dorsal with 5 spines; occiput transversely rounded, without median keel; maxillary moderate. Small gobies, inhab- iting mud flats. (zAvs, mud; Uzvos, slumber.) 2585. ILYPNUS GILBERTI (Eigenmann & EKigenmann.) Head 3 to 34 (3% to 4 in total); depth 5 to 54 (6 to 7). D. V-15 to 17; A. 14 to 16; B.5; vertebre 15419. Form elongate, compressed. Head long, subconical, about as high as wide, its width 2} in its length. Profile nearly straight from eyes to spinous dorsal, decidedly decurved in front of eyes. Eye entirely above the premaxillary level, 1 in snout, 43 in head, 4 in interorbital. Mouth slightly oblique; maxillary extending to below middle of eye, lower jaw slightly included. Teeth villiform, in a broad band in each jaw, the outer series of lower jaw somewhat enlarged. One, rarely 2, dermal flaps on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Scales cycloid, embedded, very small; head, nape, and breast naked. Distance from tip of snout to insertion of spinous dorsal 27 in length; highest dorsal spine about ? length of head; soft dorsal rays lower; interdorsal area about } orbital diameter; tip of last dorsal ray not reaching base of caudal; caudal broad and rounded when expanded; anal similar to soft dorsal fin; ventral fins large, nearly reaching vent in specimens 1# inches long. Pectorals usually shorter than ventrals. Color in life, sand color; head and body with small rust-colored spots, which are dotted with black, the punctulations forming a more or less regular network; dorsal fins hyaline at base, bright rust-colored above, and rather broadly margined with white, everywhere black punctate except on margins; about3 groups of black dots on each ray, giving a barred appearance to these fins; cau- dal margined with white, upper and lower parts of fin rust colored, me- dian portion dark gray; about 5 wavy, rustlike, vertical bars; entire fin dotted with black except its margin; anal fin hyaline at base, sparsely dotted, its middle third jet-black, margined with white; pectorals and ventrals milky white, yellowish, sparingly black dotted and white edged; a large, tonspicuous, metallic blue-black spot on opercie; top of head blackish; belly white or yellowish; chin and throat white, sometimes distance from end of snout to middle of pupil; length of base of soft dorsal not quite equaling length of head; distance of posterior end from caudal fin equaling distance between the 2 dorsal fins. Origin of anal behind that of soft dorsal and a little posterior to middle of total length of fish; its base 11 times in base of soft dorsal, or about 4 in length of fish to base of caudal fin; pectorals moderate, a little more than 4 length of head; ventrals inserted slightly behind the pectorals and about equaling them in length. Color in life whitish beneath, grayish or mottled above; 6 double white spots along the back, alternating with fine blackish areas; a white spot behind each eye on top of head; cheek with 2 dark bands extending obliquely backward and downward from eye; a num- ber of dark splotches on opercles; about 7 dusky areas along the side, the last and most marked being upon the base of the caudal fin; dorsal fins finely marked lengthwise by about 4 series of small dark spots; caudal crossed by 5 or 6 wavy vertical bars of very fine dark spots or points; anal, pectorals, and ventrals plain. In alcohol these markings are less plain, especially the white and black areas upon the back. Length 24 inches. 22954 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. punctate. Young lighter, showing the reticulations, but the other mark- ings faint or undeveloped. Length about 2} inches. (Higenmann.) “This species agrees with Lepidogobius in the presence of papille on the inner edge of shoulder girdle. It differs decidedly in the shape of the oecipital region of the cranium, which is transversely evenly convex as in Clevelandia; not abruptly widened behind the orbits, not continuous later- ally with the temporal ridge as in Gobius, Lepidogobius, etc. From Cleve- landia and Gillichthys, Lepidogobius gilberti difters in the presence of papille on the shoulder girdle, and from Gillichthys y-cauda in the shape of the cranium.” (Gilbert MS.) San Diego Bay and southward; found by Dr. Gilbert abundant at Magdalena Bay, at Concepcion Bay, and St. Georges Bay, in the Gulf of California. (Named for Charles Henry Gilbert, pro- fessor of Zoology in the Leland Stanford Junior University. ) Lepidogobius gilberti, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 464, San Diego Bay. (Type, No. 40128, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. C. H. Eigenmann.) 825. CLEVELANDIA, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Clevelandia, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 73 (longipinnis, EIGEN- MANN & EIGENMANN, —7o0se@). This genus is closely allied to Gillichthys, differing chiefly in the form of the skull, which is rounded above, strongly convex in transverse pro- file, perfectly smooth, without ridges or crests. Body long and slender; maxillary much produced, but not extending to the gill opening; mouth horizontal; dorsal spines 4 or 5, very weak; body covered with minute eycluid embedded scales; soft dorsal and anal long, each of 14 to 17 rays. (Named for Daniel Cleveland, esq., president of the San Diego Society of Natural History, a gentleman deeply interested in scientific matters. ) a. Caudal short, rounded; dorsal spines 5. 10s, 2586. aa. Caudal pointed, scarcely shorter than head; dorsal spines 4. ROS, 2587. 2586. CLEVELANDIA IOS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 34 in length of body; depth 6. D. V-16; A. 14; eye 6} in head; maxillary 13; pectoral 13; ventrals 1{; caudal 14; base of soft dorsal 3 in length of body; base of anal 34. Body long and slender, compressed, the back not elevated; caudal peduncle moderately wide; head long, profile steep to within a short distance of the front of the eye, thence horizontal; mouth very large, not very oblique, the maxillary projecting to opposite the middle of the cheek; jaws subequal; teeth in narrow villiform bands; eye small, longer than wide, set high in head; interorbital space narrow, about as wide as eye. Body covered with very small cycloid scales, too small to count; spinous dorsal well separated from soft dorsal, the spines slender; soft dorsal the higher, its origin a little nearer base of caudal fin than tip of snout; anal about equal to soft dorsal in height, its origin a little behind first dorsal ray, ending at about the same comparative place as soft dorsal; ventrals inserted slightly behind pectorals, reaching mid- way between their base and front of anal; caudal short, its end rounded. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2255 Color light olivaceous, the cheeks and sides with many dark points which form mottlings; snout dark; a dark spot on upper part of opercle; top of head black; dorsals light, with 3 or 4 dark lines running across the rays; some dark spots on base of anal; pectorals crossed with dark wavy lines; caudal with about 5 irregular cross bars. Puget Sound and neighboring waters. Here described from 2 specimens, each 2 inches in length, dredged off Port Orchard by Mr. Edwin C. Starks. The original description is imperfect and partly incorrect, the single type, from the stomach of Hexa- grammes asper, being in bad condition. (70s, arrow.) Gobiosoma tos, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 437, Saanich Arm, Van- couver Island (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JonDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 948,. 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 509. Clevelandia ios, JORDAN & STARKS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 839, pl. 100. 2587. CLEVELANDIA ROSE, Jordan & Evermann. Head 4 (42 in total); depth 6% (7). D.IV-16; A. 17; scales 70-18. Body very much elongate, slender; head long and slender, depressed ante- riorly much as in Lucius; profile straight; eye moderate, slightly shorter than snout, 44 in length of head; interorbital area about as wide as pupil; anteorbital area scarcely + diameter of eye; mouth large, maxillary extending much beyond orbit; lower jaw flat, slightly curved upward anteriorly ; mouth very much as in Lucius ; teeth all small, in narrow bands in each jaw; the outer ones of the upper jaw slightly larger than the others. Scales minute, slightly enlarged posteriorly; the margins plain, anterior part of the exposed area lengthwise striated; breast and ante- dorsal area naked. Distance from snout to insertion of first dorsal spine 23 in body; the spines slender and short, 3 in head; interdorsal area equals snout and eye; dorsal rays slightly longer than spines, the last ray not extending halfway to caudal; caudal pointed, scarcely shorter than head; ventrals not reaching halfway to vent, 1? in head; pectoral 14 in head; vent slightly behind middle of body. Color light brownish; numerous darker spots of aggregated points along nape and upper half of body; belly white; head slightly darker than body; posterior edge of oper- cle white; an oblique silvery bar on the lower half of opercle, and a light blotch at the upper corner of opercle; cheek with black points; some light areas below eye; lower surface of head and posterior part of max- illaries plain; 2 dark bars on spinous dorsal; second dorsal with 3 or 4 dark bars; a curved black bar at base of caudal; remainder of caudal irregularly barred with dark; other fins plain. Length 1§ inches. San Diego Bay (Eigenmann & Eigenmann); at first incorrectly identified by Mr. and Mrs. Eigenmann with Lvermannia longipinne (Steindachner), a species similar in habit but wholly scaleless. (Named for Mrs. Rosa Smith Eigenmann.) Clevelandia longipinnis, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 73; not Gobi- osoma longipinne, STEINDACHNER. Clevelandia rose, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 229, San Diego. (Coll. R. 8. Eigenmann.) 2256 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 826. EVERMANNIA, Jordan. Evermannia, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., Iv, 1895, series 2, 592 (zosterura). Body slender, compressed behind, entirely naked. Head long, slender. Snout rather pointed; mouth moderate, terminal, the maxillary more or less produced backward; teeth small and slender, the outer above slightly enlarged. Skull with a small median crest, not much widened behind. Interorbital space very narrow, channeled; no dermal flaps on shoulder girdle; first dorsal of 4 to 6 spines; second dorsal and anal long, of 14 or 15 rays. Caudal lanceolate. Ventrals formed as in Gobius and Gobio- soma. Size small, the sexes not colored alike. Species living in holes in sand and mud between tide marks. (Named for ‘‘my former student and later scientific associate, Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, now ichthyolo- gist of the United States Fish Commission, in recognition of his work on the fishes of the Gulf of California.”—Jordan. ) a. Head 33; depth 54; body and fins dotted. LONGIPINNIS, 2588. aa. Head 3; depth 63; vertical fins in males banded with black and with white edgings. ZOSTERURA, 2589. 2588. EVERMANNIA LONGIPINNIS (Steindachner). Head 34; depth 5 to 54. D. IV to VI-16 or 17; A. 16 or 17; snout slightly decurved in profile, 3} in head; eye 6, greater than interorbital width. Body very slender. Mouth somewhat oblique, the jaws equal; maxillary extending beyond middle of head to a distance behind eye equal to diameter of eye. Teeth in each jaw in 2 series laterally and 3 in front, those of the outer series somewhat enlarged. Fins low, the longest dorsal spine 2 in head; pectoral a little shorter than caudal, scarcely longer than ventrals. Caudal rounded, shorter than head, probably 43 in body. Body and head completely naked.* Brownish yellow; upper parts of head and body with small, irregularly placed brown spots and streaks; dorsals and caudal finely barred with dark specks. (Steindach- ner). Gulf of California; not seen by us; known from 3 specimens 374 mm. long. We refer this species provisionally to Evermannia, with which genus it agrees in external respects, although the mouth is much larger. It may be the type of a distinct genus. It differs from Clevelandia in the entire absence of scales. (longus, long; pinna, fin.) Gobiosoma longipinne, STEINDACHNER, Ich. Beitr., vit, 27, 1879, Las Animas Bay, Gulf of California; JorDAN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 509. Evermannia longipinnis, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 229. 2589. EVERMANNIA ZOSTERURA (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 34; depth 6. D. IV-15; A. 14; eye equals snout, 5 in head; P. 13; C. 1}. Body compressed, profile convex; snout short, not very blunt; eyes high, the maxillary reaching to their posterior margin; mouth oblique, jaws equal; first spine of dorsal filamentous, reaching to middle * At our request Dr. Steindachner has reexamined the types of this species. He still finds them ‘‘ vollkommen schuppenlos.”’ Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2257 of soft dorsal (male); body entirely naked. Body everywhere speckled with dots of dark brown. Maie sometimes with traces of 8 olive cross bands; fins very ornate, the dorsal and anal yellowish at base, then a broad median band of jet black, then a broad white margin; middle of caudal yellow to the tip, with a black band above and below, and a white edge above and below this as in dorsal and anal; no bands on tail. Fe- male with dorsal filament short, reaching about to first soft ray; dorsals and anal checkered with blackish; caudal faintly barred; all vertical fins with pale edgings, but without the black stripe of the males. Length 2inches. Very common on sandy bottoms, everywhere about the estuary of Mazatlan, the numerous specimens here described being dug out of the sand. It is seldom found much, if any, below.the mark of low tide. It is a very handsomely colored species, the male being more strikingly marked than any other of our gobies. (€wor1p, band; ovpa, tail.) Gobiosoma zosterurwm, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1881, 361, Mazatlan (fin rays incorrect), (Type, No. 29245, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. C. H. Gilbert); JorpAan & EIGENMANN, I. c., 509. Evermannia zosterura, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., vol. Iv, 1895, 498, pl. 51. 827. GOBIOSOMA, Girard. é (NAKED GOBIES.) Gobiosoma, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169 (alepidotus). Body entirely naked; mouth moderate, horizontal; snout blunt; teeth in several series, the outer row enlarged; no canines; dorsal spines nor- mally 7, rarely 5 or 6; second dorsal and anal short; no barbels about head; shoulder girdle without flaps. Species chiefly American. (Gobius: o@pua, body.) a. Coloration olivaceous, mottled with darker; no red nor blue. b. Maxillary extending to beyond pupil, 44 in head; color blackish, with sharply defined cross.bars of whitish. Bade rather short, the depth 5¢ in length; head 31; snout low, little obtuse; mouth large, rather oblique, the maxil- lary 22 in head; teeth small, in few series above, in a band below, the outer enlarged; fins low; caudal 13in head. Cross bands on body as wide as eye, not quite meeting below; a dark blotch on base of pectoral, a fainter one on base of caudal; fins nearly plain. D. VII-13; A.12. HISTRIO, 2590. bb. Maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit; coloration not sharply defined, the body usually with dark cross streaks. c. Body rather short, chubby, the depth about 4 in length; head about 32; head rounded above; teeth in several series, slender, the outer ones somewhat elongate, none of the inner ones specially enlarged. Color olivaceous, with dark points; sides with narrow, alternating light and dark bars; a row of small linear dark spots along middle of sides; first dorsal with 3 oblique dark bars; second dorsal, caudal, and pectorals finely barred, base and edge of anal light, middle dark; breast with many well-defined spots; a dark line running forward and downward from eye to angle of mouth, another extending straight down; a black bar on edge of preopercle, a black spot on yBELCe edge of opercle. D. VII-13; A, 10. MOLESTUM, 2591- bo bo or 08 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ce. Body more elongate, depth 5 to 6 in body; head very broad, flattish above, with tumid cheeks, its length 34in body; eye small, longer than snout, 5 in head; mouth large, little oblique, the jaws subequal. d. Soft dorsal with 14 rays; no crescent at base of caudal; maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit (at least in male), 2 in head; teeth in few series, the outer considerably enlarged; 2 teeth on each side of inner series of lower jaw especially large canines; darsal spines slender, none filamentous ; caudal rounded. Olivaceous, with darker cross shades of rounded spots; vertical fins dusky, faintly barred. Teeth of the female similar to those of the male but smaller; head narrower; more slender. D. VII- 14; A.10. BOSCI, 2592. dd. Soft dorsal with 12 rays; a brown crescent at base of caudal. CRESCENTALE, 2593. aa. Coloration not plain olivaceous; head with a red bar; anterior dorsal rays not pro- duced in filaments; head and body compressed; greatest depth 53 in total length, head about 4; angle of mouth little behind center of eye; eye 4 in head; teeth pointed, in several series, those of the outer series a little enlarged; caudal rounded. Head light yellow; a carmine-red bar extending along upper edge of head, from upper corner of gill opening to snout, where it joins its fellow, ending behind over the pectoral in a small indigo-blue spot; body with 16 or 17 light green, well-defined cross bars, separated by narrow white stripes; fins chiefly gresnish. D. VII (VI)-11 or 12; A. 10. MULTIFASCIATUM, 2594. 2590. GOBIOSOMA HISTRIO, Jordan. Head 31; depth 54. D. VII-12 or 13; A.11 or 12; maxillary 2} in head; caudal 14. Body rather short; snout depressed, little obtuse; mouth large, rather oblique, maxillary reaching to below posterior part of orbit; chin without barbels; many series of minute papille along mucous pores of head. Teeth small, in few series above, in a band below, the outer enlarged. Fins low. Cross bands on body whitish, as wide as eye, not quite meeting below; a dark blotch on base of pectoral, a fainter one on base of caudal; fins nearly plain. Length 2 inches. Gulf of Cali- fornia; known only from the Gulf of California at Guaymas (Emeric; Evermann & Jenkins) and La Paz (Gilbert). (histrio, a harlequin.) Gobiosoma histrio, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 260, Guaymas, Mexico (Coll. H. F. Emeric); JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 508; EVERMANN & JENKINS, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 162. 2591. GOBIOSOMA MOLESTUM, Girard. Head about 3}; depth 4. D. VII-13; A. 10; vertebrae 124-15. Body rather short, maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit. Teeth in several series, slender, the outer ones somewhat elongate, none of the inner ones specially enlarged. Skull flattish, with a slight median keel; lateral crests developed, lower and stronger than in Gobius; interorbital very narrow, bounded by 2 minute crests; bones of the skull very weak and fragile. Teeth in both jaws recurved, in 2 or 3 series. Olivaceous, with dark points; sides with narrow, alternating light and dark bars; a row of small dark spots along middle of side; first dorsal with 3 oblique dark bars; second dorsal, caudal, and pectorals finely barred; base and Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2259 edge of anal light, middle dark; breast with many well-defined spots; a dark line running forward and downward from eye to angle of mouth, another extending straight downward from eye; a black bar on edge of preopercle, and a black spot on upper edge of opercle. A specimen taken at Key West is thus described: Pale olive, with darker cross bands formed of dark dots; arow of dark dots along middle of side; vertical fins all mottled and faintly barred with dark olive; pectorals and ventrals nearly plain. Length 21 inches. Gulf coast of the United States; common in shallow waters along the coast from Key West to Texas and south to Bahia. (molestus, disturbed. ) Gobiosoma molestum, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, Indianola, Texas; GIRARD, U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., 27, pl. 12, fig. 14.1859; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 556, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 638, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 508. Gobiosoma alepidotum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 297, Laguna Grande, Pensacola. (Coll. Dr. Jordan.) 2592. GOBLOSOMA BOSCI (Lacépéde). (NAKED GOBY.) Head 34; depth5to6. D. VII-14; A. 10; eye 5, longer than snout. Body more elongate; head very broad, flattish above, with tumid cheeks, Eye small. Mouth large, little oblique, jaws subequal, the maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit (at least in male), 24 in head. Teeth in few series, the outer considerably enlarged; 2 teeth on each side of inner series of lower jaw especially large canines. Dorsal spines slender, not filamentous; caudalrounded. Olivaceous, with darker cross shades of rounded spots; vertical fins dusky, faintly barred. Atlantic coast of the United States, Cape Cod to Florida; generally common, especially south- ward in shallow grassy bays. (Named for M. Bose, French consul at Charleston in the last century; an ardent naturalist.) Gobius bosci, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 555, pl. 16, fig. 1, 1798, Charleston, South Carolina. (Coll. M. Bosc.) Gobius alepidotus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichthyol., 547, 1801, after LACEPEDE; DE Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 160, pl. 23, fig. 70, 1842. Gobius viridipallidus, MrrcuHiLL, Trans. Lit. and Philos. Soc. N. Y., 1, 1814, 379, pl. 1, fig. 8, New York. Gobiosoma bosci, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1882, 613; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, 1. ¢., 508. ( Gobiosoma alepidotum, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 85, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 638, 1883. 2593. GOBIOSOMA CRESCENTALE, Gilbert. Head 3? in length; depth 64; eye 54 in head; snout 5}. D. VII-12; A. 11. Body very slender, the head depressed, broad and flattened above, the head and body of nearly equal depth throughout. Mouth small, oblique, the maxillary not extending beyond the vertical from posterior border of orbit, 24 in head; eyes small, 1? in the rather broad interorbital space. Teeth in bands in both jaws, the outer series enlarged, canine- like, and distant. Fins all small, the caudal short and rounded from a broad base, pectoral as long as head without snout; ventrals short, not 2260 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. reaching } the distance from their base to vent; dorsal spines not fila- mentous; skin wholly naked. Color in spirits, lower half of head and body uniform warm brown, the back much lighter, the two areas sepa- rated by a well-defined line along middle of sides; this line passing through orbit and through the middle of the base of the pectoral fin; back light grayish, with brownish reticulations, which tend to form 5 or 6 indis- tinct darker bars uniting with the darker area below the lateral line; a conspicuous brown crescent at base of caudal and pectorals, broad below, narrowing above, margined in front with whitish; anal brown at base; dorsal and caudal with small brown spots forming faint cross series. A single specimen known. Off coast of Lower California. (Gilbert.) (crescentalis, pertaining to a crescent.) Gobiosoma crescentalis, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 557, off coast of Lower Cal- ifornia, at Albatross Station 2825, 24° 22’ N., 110° 19/ 15’ W.., in 79 fathoms. 2594. GOBIOSOMA MULTIFASCIATUM, Steindachner. Head about 4; depth 53. D. VII-12 (Poey), VI-11 (Steindachner) ; eye 4 in head. Body and head compressed. Angle of mouth little behind center of eye. Teeth pointed, in several series, those of outer series somewhat enlarged. Dorsal rays not filamentous; caudal fin rounded. Head light yellow; a carmine-red bar extending along upper edge of head, from upper corner of gill opening to snout, where it joins its fellow, ending behind over the pectoral in a small indigo-blue spot; body with 16 or 17 light-green, well-defined cross bars, separated by narrow white stripes. (Steindachner.) West Indies; known from Cuba, St. Thomas, and the Lesser Antilles; not seen by us. Its coloration is very different from that of Gobiosoma, and it may belong to a distinct genus. (multus, many; fasciatus, banded.) ; Gobius lineatus,* PoEy, Memorias, U1, 424, 1861, Cuba; name preoccupied by Gobius line- aus, JENYNS. Gobiosoma multifasciatum, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, v, 183, 1870, Lesser Antilles; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l.c., 509; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANYN, l. ¢., 73. 828. BARBULIFER, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Barbulifer, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sei. 1888, 70 (papillosus). A series of numerous minute barbels around the mouth and chin; other- wise as in Gobiosoma; body naked, the dorsal spines 7; second dorsal and anal very short. (barbula, a small barbel; fero, I bear.) 2595. BARBULIFER CEUTHECUS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 33; depth 7. D.VII-10; eye 4; A.10. Body slender; head nar- row and slender, depressed; snout not blunt; mouth terminal, oblique, the maxillary reaching to below eye, 3 in head; eyes close together; chin * Gobius lineatus is thus described: Head 33; depth of body 6 in length. D. VII-12; eye 6 in head. Body elongate, subcylindrical, maxillary extending almost to below middle of eye; pectorals rounded; dorsals high. Yellowish green; the body with 20 ver- tical yellow bands; a red band extending fronr snout to point of opercle; fins yellowish. Cuba. (Poey.) Type .43 mm. in length. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2261 with a fringe of short barbles; vertical fins high, rays not filamentous. Upper half of head and body brown, finely speckled; 4 oblong, colorless areas along base of dorsals and a smaller one on back of caudal peduncle; lower parts abruptly pale; back with 5 or 6 blackish cross bars reaching to middle of sides, below which they extend as 5 or 6 short V-shaped pro- jections; a brownish streak below eye; a small brown bar on base of pectoral, and a jet black bar at base of caudal. About Key West; scarce. (e905, a cavity; ofxec, to inhabit; the type specimen taken from the cavity of a sponge.) Gobiosoma ceuthecum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus. 1884, 29, Key West; young (Type in U.S. N.M.); JORDAN & EIGENMANN, 1. c., 508. Barbulifer papillosus,* EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 70, Key West, Florida; adult. 829. TYPHLOGOBIUS, Steindachner. (BLIND GOBIES.) Typhlogobius, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrige, vul, 24, 1879 (californiensis). Othonops, RosA SMITH, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 19 (eos = californiensis). Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with loose, smooth, naked skin. Head large, depressed, with tumid cheeks. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching to beyond the orbit; jaws equal, each with a nar- row band of villiform teeth, the outer teeth slightly enlarged; lower jaw capable of little motion; snout rounded; no cirri. Eyes very small, reduced to mere vestages, covered by skin, and functional only in the young. Skull greatly modified, the brain case quadrate. Fins low; first dorsal of 2 flexi- ble spines; second dorsal moderate; anal very short; caudal rounded; ventral disk as in Gobius. Gill openings rather narrow. One species known; singular blind gobies, living like slugs under rocks between tide marks. (ru@dAds, blind; Gobius.) *This species, which we suppose to be the adult of Barbulifer ceuthecus, is thus de- scribed by Dr. Eigenmann: Head 34 (42 in total); depth 44 (53). D. VII-9; A.9. Body short and robust, deepest below first dorsal spine; head blunt, protile straight from first dorsal spine to eye, much curved in front of eye; eye longer than snout, 34 in head; inter- orbital area 3 diameter of eye; snout blunt; mouth small, oblique; maxillary 3 in head, reaching to below anterior margin of pupil; lips thick. About 21 barbels, in length 4 orbital diameter or longer, arranged as follows: A series of 7 cross the snout from one angle of the mouth to the opposite angle, the anterior 3 on the snout rather thick and colored (2 of them nasal), all the others yellowish, the barbel nearest each angle of the mouth longer than any of the others; on the lower jaw a barbel near each rictus, 2 on the chin, behind which are 2 pairs of barbels; posterior to these and below the rictus are 2 barbels on each side; 1 slender barbel on each side of preopercle below the posterior mar- gin of the eye. Numerous rows of pores or papille on the head; 1 series extending straight downward on the anterior part of the opercle, from the upper end of which another series extends perpendicularly backward; other pores irregularly scattered on the opercle; a double series extending along edge of preopercle, the pores becoming larger and especially conspicuous below, meeting on the chin; 6 or 7 series radiating from eye, extending to snout, maxillary, and opercular series below; a row of pores nearly sur- rounding mouth, curving backward, encircling the nasal opening; 1 series about the eye posteriorly, otherwise none on top of head or nape; fins high and rounded; second dorsal higher than first, 14 in head, caudal very broad and rounded, equal to the head in length; anal lower than soft dorsal; ventral reaching 3 to vent, 1} in head; pectoral 14 in head. Color yellow; upper half of body with a broad band of purplish spots; 6 diamond-shaped spots of darker cross the band, extending above and below it; nape, top of head, and upper part of cheek covered with dark points; opercle light yellow, cheeks darker; an oblique bar of black points on upper half of pectoral base, a curved bar of fainter spots on ae of caudal; fins otherwise colorless and transparent. Length 1}inches. (Eigen- mann, 226 bo Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 2596. TYPHLOGOBIUS CALIFORNIENSIS, Steindachner. (BLIND GOBY OF POINT LomMA; PINK-FISH.) Head 34; depth 5; eye 6; eye concealed, very small; D. II-12; A.12. Ver- tebrie 17-13. Body subcylindrical, the males more compressed behind; head very broad behind, its greatest width 3itslength. Interorbital space amere ridge; skin about mouth and eye very loose; asmall papilla in front of nasal opening. Lower lip developed as a fold; another fold of skin behind it, bordered with fine cilia; behind this fold is arow of short, thick papille; edge of jaw rounded. Spinous dorsal remote from the soft dor- sal in the male, but connected with it by a low membrane, this membrane absent in the female; soft dorsal much higher than the spinous; caudal broad, rounded; anal very short, inserted under sixth dorsal ray, and coterminous with dorsal; pectorals little longer than ventrals, 2 in head. Body naked; males with small tubercular plates irregularly placed. Skull highest at its posterior part, depressed forward ; the bones all thick and strong. No lateral crests; a median keel which is lowest behind. Orbit not bounded by any ridges. Two keels diverge from the posterior end of the median keel to the insertion of the suprascapula. Premaxil- laries and mandible very long. Teeth of the upper jaw all alike, long, close-set, in a broad band, those of the lower jaw in a narrow band, the inner ones apparently larger. Color uniform light pink. Length 2 inches. Coast of Lower California, from San Diego southward to Cerros Island; an extraordinary fish, found attached to the lower side of rocks in shallow water or surf; especially common at Point Loma. Typhlogobius californiensis, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, vii, 24, 1879, False Bay, San Diego, California (Coll. Prof. Essmark); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 639, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 511. Othonops eos, RosA Situ, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 53, Point Loma, California. 830. TYNTLASTES, Giinther. Tyntlastes, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1862, 193 (sagitta). Body elongate, compressed, covered with small, imbricate, cycloid scales. Head elongate, quadrangular. Mouth wide, oblique, the lower jaw projecting; teeth small, in single series, none on vomer or palatines. Eyes very small, or rudimentary. Dorsal fin single, continuous, about 6 of its anterior rays simple; caudal fin pointed, more or less joined to the dorsal and anal; ventral fins united. Air bladder very small or absent. No pseudobranchie. Vertebre 11+ 20. Pacific Ocean. (zuvrAadérns, a mud-dabbler. ) a. Dorsal and anal each with 15 soft rays; head 44 in length. BREVIS, 2597. ad. Soft dorsal and anal each with 21 unbranched or soft rays; head 5} in length. SAGITTA, 2598. 2597. TYNTLASTES BREVIS (Giinther). Head 44; depth 8. D.VI,15;* A.15. Eyes minute. Jaws each with a * The dorsal formula is apparently VIII, 14 in 2 half-digested specimens taken from the stomach of a Centropomus at Panama. (Gilbert.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2263 series of wide-set teeth. Caudal fin black. (Giinther.) Panama; not seen by us. (brevis, short.) Amblyopus brevis, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864, 151, Panama; GUNTHER, Fishes Centr. Amer., 441, 1869. Tyntlastes brevis JORDAN & EIGENMANN, J. c., 512. 2598. TYNTLASTES SAGITTA (Giinther). Head 53; depth 9%. D.VI,21; A.21. Body and head elongate, com- pressed, Maxillary reaching to behind eye; teeth subhorizontal, very small. Scales becoming larger posteriorly. Caudal arrow-shaped, about 4in body; pectorals as long as ventrals, 2 in head. Grayish, sides and under parts silvery; an ovate gray spot before each dorsal ray; caudal grayish. (Giinther.) Length 93 inches. Coast of Lower California; exact locality unknown. (sagitta, arrow.) Amblyopus sagitta, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1862, 193, ‘‘ California,’’ probably from Lower California. Tyntlastes sagitta, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 639, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 512. 831. GOBIOIDES, Lacépéde. (BARRETOS.) Gobioides, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 580, 1798 (broussonnetit). Plecopodus, RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la Nature, 87, 1815 (broussonnetii); substitute for Gobioides, regarded as objectionable. Ognichodes, SWAINsoN, Nat. Hist. Class’n Animals, 1, 183 and 278, 1839 (browssonnetii). Body greatly elongate, compressed behind, the scales very minute; head small; eyes very small; mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw project- ing; gill openings moderate. Teeth in a band, those in the outer series being very strong. Dorsal rays V to VII, 15 to 23; anal rays 16 to 23. Dorsal fin low, continuous, the spines similar to the soft rays, but more widely separated; the soft dorsal and the anal are joined to base of cau- dal; ventrals 45, united in a disk which is formed much as in Gobius. No air bladder; no pseudobranchie. From Tenioides (—Amblyopus) the genus Gobioides is distinguished by the absence of barbels, the presence of scales, and by the much smaller number of rays in its vertical fins. Brackish waters of the Tropics, reaching a considerable size. (Gobius; £1605, resemblance. ) a. Eye small, but evident; scales evident, larger behind. BROUSSONNETII, 2599. aa. Eye minute, not evident; scales minute. PERUANUS, 2600. 2599. GOBLOIDES BROUSSONNETII, Lacépéde. Head 54 (young) to 7 (adult); caudal 3} to 5; eye small but evident, 7 to 10 in head; interorbital space 1 to 13 diameter ofeye. D.VII,16; A. I,16. Body elongate, mouth oblique, maxillary extending beyond eye; teeth in bands, the outer series enlarged, shorter, and closer set than in Gobioides peruanus; scales twice as large as in peruanus, those on anterior part of body not imbricated, much smaller than those on posterior part, 2264. Bulletin 47, United States Na tional Museum. which are elongate oval in form. Violet bars extending downward and forward on the upper part of body; sometimes a violet spot with a lighter or darker dot at end of the bars; head marbled or spotted with dark violet or brown. (Steindachner.) Length 20 inches or more. West Indies to Brazil; common southward, ascending rivers; once taken near New Orleans (Bean & Bean). (Named for Dr. Augustin Broussonnet, professor in the University of Montpelier. ) Gobioides broussonnetii, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 580, 1798, probably from Surinam, ‘‘ iven by Holland to France.”’ Amblyopus brasiliensis, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 69, 1801, Brazil; on drawing made by Prince Maurice; CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 121, 1837. Gobious oblongus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 548, 1801; based on LACEPEDE. Gobioides barreto, PoEY, Memorias, 1, 282, 1861, Cuba ; Pory, Synopsis, 394, 1868; Pory; Enumeratio, 125, 1876. Amblyopus mexicanus, O'SHAUGHNESSY, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., series Iv, vol. Xv, 1875, 147, Mexico.* Gobioides broussoneti, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 512; BEAN & BEAN,f Proc. U.S. Nat- Mus. 1895, 631. 2600. GOBLOIDES PERUANUS (Steindachner). Head 5; depth 11. D. VII, 17; A. I, 16. Eye scarcely visible, much smaller than in G. brousseneti; scales very minute; snout 24 in post- orbital part of head; interorbital 5 in head; lower jaw slightly project- ing; maxillary 23 in head; a series of large slender teeth in each jaw, behind which, in each jaw, is a narrow band of fine teeth; caudal 4} in * The following is Mr. O’Shaughnessy’s description of Amblyopus mexicanus: D. VII, 15; A. I, 15. Depth 13 in total length. Body covered all over with scale-shaped crypts. Head naked. Dorsal? height of body. Eye small, but distinct. Snout obtuse; lower jaw extending a little beyond upper. Teeth small, close set, the outer series much smaller and more closely set than in G. broussonnetii. Dorsal and anal connected with the caudal. Upper parts dark brown, with a series of white spots along the whole length of the side; lower parts of sides and belly white. One specimen in the British Museum, from Mexico, purchased. Length 203 inches. (O’Shaughnessy.) This seems to differ from @. broussonnetii in color only. + The following description is given by Bean & Bean of Gobioides broussonnetii (Lacépéde) : Head7;depthi4. D.V1I,17; A.1,16. The greatest depth of the head equals the length of the upper jaw, or about 4 the length of head withoutsnout. The bodyis compressed. Its greatest thickness is contained 13 times in its greatest depth. The teeth are in narrow bands in each jaw, some of those in the outer row enlarged, canine-like, and curved inward. All of the teeth aremore or less curved inward and depressible. The vomer and palate are toothless. Themouth is oblique, the lower jaw projecting slightly beyondthe upper. The maxilla extends well behind the eye, its length is slightly more than 3 that of head without thesnout. Itis not muchexpanded posteriorly. Eyes very small, their diameter equaling 34 length of snout, about equal to width of interorbital space. The snout scarcely equals more than 3 of the head’s length. Gill openings wide, the membranes wholly joined tothe isthmus. Branchiostegals much curved, 4 in number. The dorsal begins at a distance from the nape equal to the postorbital part of the head, the origin being about over the end of the extended pectoral. The ventral reaches farther back than the pectoral, and is longer than that fin, its length equaling postorbital part of head. The distance of the vent from the tip of the snout equals somewhat more than 3 times the length of the head; itis under the interspace between the last spine and first ray of the dorsal, with a small genital papilla behind it. The caudal is very long and tapering, 1; times as long as the head. The dorsal spines are long and slender, the fifth nearly as long as the postorbital part of the head. The second dorsal ray is slightly longer. The anal rays are about as long as those of the dorsal. The scales are thin, not imbricated, except on the posterior part of the head, where they are long and elliptical in shape. The head and breast are naked. The colors have faded out in alcohol; the ground color appears to have been light brown, with darker bletches on the median line of the body under the spinous portion of the dorsal and the anterior part of the soft dorsal. (Bean & Bean.) Here described from a specimen obtained in the Gulf of Mexico by Mr. Robert S. Day, of New Orleans, Louisiana, and is No. 88220, U. S. Nat. Mus. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2265 body, connected by membrane to dorsal and anal; sides with regular cross series of pores. Body with narrow angular cross bars; dorsal rays violet, the membrane yellowish. (Steindachner.) Shores of Ecuador and Peru, ascending rivers. Amblyopus peruanus, STEINDACHNER, Fisch-Fauna des Cauca und Flisse bei Guayaquil, 42, 1880, Guayaquil. Gobioides peruanus, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., 1, 1888, 75. 832. CAYENNIA, Sauvage. Cayennia, SAUVAGE, Bull. Sci. Philom., ser. 7, rv, 1880, 57 (guichenoti). Body much elongate; dorsals united, caudal free from dorsal and anal; ventrals united, not adhering to belly; teeth small, the outer enlarged; anterior part of body naked, posterior part covered with cycloid scales, Otherwise as in Gobioides, from which the genus may not be separable. (Name from Cayenne.) 2601. CAYENNIA GUICHENOTI, Sauvage. Head 9; depth 17. D. VI, 17; A.1, 16; vertebrie about 36. Head deeper than wide; eye small, placed well forward; maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of eye; a low membrane connecting dorsal and caudal; caudal 7 in length; ventrals 1} in head. Color brownish, marbled with black anteriorly. Cayenne (Sauvage); not seen by us. (Named for A. Guichenot, formerly ichthyologist of the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle at Paris.) Cayennia guichenoti, SAUVAGE, Bull. Soc. Philom., ser. 7, Iv, 1880, 57 Cayenne; EIGEN- MANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888,76. Suborder DISCOCEPHALI. Bony fishes ‘‘ with a suctorial transversely laminated oval ‘disk on the upper surface of the head (homologous with a flat dorsal fin), thoracic ventral fins with external spines, a simple basis cranii, intermaxillary bones flattened, with the ascending processes deflected sideways, and with the supramaxillary bones attenuated backward, flattened, and appressed to the dorsal surface of the intermaxillaries; hypercoracoid (or scapula) perforated nearly in the center, and with 4 short actinosts (carpals).” (Gill.) This remarkable group consists of a single family, Hcheneididew. (d76%0s, disk; xepadAf, head). Family CLXXXIX. ECHENEIDIDA. (THE REMORAS.) Body fusiform, elongate, covered with minute, cycloid scales. Mouth wide, with villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, and usually on tongue. Premaxillaries not protractile. Lower jaw projecting beyond upper. Spinous dorsal modified into a sucking disk, which is placed on 3030——65 2266 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. the top of the head and neck, and is composed of a double series of transverse, movable, cartilaginous plates, serrated on their posterior or free edges. By means of this disk these fishes attach themselves to other fishes or to floating objects, and are carried for great distances in the sea. Opercles unarmed. Pectoral fins placed high; ventral fins present, thoracic and close together, I, 5; dorsal and anal fins long, without spines, opposite each other; caudal fin emarginate or rounded. Branchi- ostegals 7. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill rakers short; gill mem- branes not united, free from the isthmus. Pseudobranchize obsolete. Several pyloric appendages. No air bladder. No finlets. No caudal keel. Vertebree more than 10+ 14. Genera 4; species about 10, found in all seas, all having avery wide range. The species of this group are apparently descended from a fossil genus, Opisthomyzon,* Cope (glaron- ensis), characterized by the small posterior disk and slender body. The following description of this family is given by Dr. Gill: Body elongated, subeylindrical, diminishing backward gradually from the head and into the slender caudal peduncle. Anus subcentral. Scales cycloid, very small, and not, or scarcely, imbricated. Lateral line nearly straight and very faint. Head above oblong and with a flattened straight upper surface, furnished with an adhesive oblong or elongated, laminated disk. The eyes are rather small, submedian, and overhung by the disk. Subor- bital bones forming a slender infraorbital chain; the first or preorbital triangular and thick. Opercular apparatus normally developed and unarmed. Nostrils double, close together. Mouth terminal or, rather, superior, the lower jaw projecting, but with the cleft nearly horizontal and not extending laterally to the eyes. Teeth present on the jaws and palate. Branchial apertures ample and fissured forward. Branchiostegal rays 7 (or 8) on each side. The adhesive disk on the upper surface of the head is a modified first dorsal fin, and from the snout generally extends more or less posteriorly on the nape and back; it is oblong or elongated and of an oval or elliptical form, divided into equal halves by a longi- tudinal septum, and with more or less numerous transverse lamin in each division, the lamin being slightly erectile and depressible. Dorsal fin oblong or elongated on the posterior half of the body (including head), ending some distance from the caudal. Anal fin opposite and similar to the dorsal. Caudal fin rather small, variable in outline, but never deeply forked. Pectoral fins moderate, inserted high on the sides. Ventral fins thoracic, each with a spine and 5 branched rays. The vertebral column has vertebrie in slightly increased numbers, the abdominal vertebre being about 12 to 14and the caudal 15 or 16. The stomach is cecal and the pyloric cxca are present in moderate numbers. The air bladder is obsolete. * “A carefulcomparison of the proportions of all the parts of the skeleton of the fossil Echeneis with those of the living forms, such as Echeneis naucrates or Echeneis remora. shows that the fossil differs nearly equally from both, and that it was a more normally shaped fish than either of these forms. ‘The head was narrower and less flattened, the preoperculum wider, but its two jaws had nearly the same length. The ribs, as also the neural and hemal spines, were longer, the tail more forked, and the soft dorsal fin much longer. In fact, it was a more compressed type, probably a far better swimmer than its living congeners, as might be expected, if the smallness of the adhesive disk is taken into account.’ (Storms.) This form (Hcheneis glaronensis, Wellstein) is made the type of the genus Opisthomyzon, Cope, the name referring to the posterior portion of the small disk. The vertebrie in Opisthomyzon are 10+ 13—23. io Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America. 2267 Concerning the relations of this family, Dr. Gill has the following pertinent remarks: “The family of Scombéroides was constituted by Cuvier for certain forms of known organization, among which were fishes evidently related to Caranx, but which had free dorsal spines. In the absence of knowledge of its structure, the genus Elacate was approximated to such because it also had free dorsal spines. Dr. Giinther conceived the idea of disin- tegrating this family, because, inter alias, the typical Scomberoides (family Scombride) had more than 24 vertebrie and others (family Carangid@) had just 24. The assumption of Cuvier as to the relationship of Elacate was repeated, but inasmuch as it has ‘more than 24 vertebra’ (it has 25—=12 + 13) it was severed from the free-spined Carangide and associated with the Scombride. Klacate has an elongated body, flattish head, and a colored longitudinal lateral band; Echeneis has also an elongated body, flattened head, and a longitudinal lateral band; therefore Echeneis was considered to be next allied to Llacate and to belong to the same family. The very numerous differences in structure between the two were entirely ignored, and the reference of the Echeneis to the Scombride@ is simply due to assumption piled on assumption. The collocation need not, therefore, longer detain us. The possession by Echeneis of the anterior oval cephalic disk in place of a spinous dorsal fin would alone necessitate the isolation of the genus as a peculiar family. But that difference is associated with almost innumerable other peculiarities of the skeleton and other parts, and in a logical system it must be removed far from the Scombrida, and probably be endowed with subordinal distinction. In all essential respects it departs greatly from the type of structure manifested in the Scombrida and rather approximates—but very distantly—the Gobioidea and Blen- nioidea. In those types we have in some a tendency to flattening of the head, of anterior development of the dorsal fin, a simple basis cranii, ete. Nevertheless, there is no close affinity nor even any tendency to the extreme modification of the spinous dorsal exhibited by Echeneis. In view of all these facts Hcheneis, with its subdivisions, may be regarded as constituting not only a family but a suborder. * * * Who ean con- sistently object to the proposition to segregate the Lcheneididew as a sub- order of teleocephaleous fishes? Not those who consider that the develop- ment of 3 or 4 inarticulate rays (or even less) in the front of the dorsal fin is sufficient to ordinarily differentiate a given form from another with only lor2such. Certainly the difference between the constituents of a disk and any rays or spines is much greater than the mere development or atrophy of articulations. Not those who consider that the manner of depression of spines, whether directly over the following, or to the right or left alternately, are of ordinal importance; for such differences again are manifestly of less morphological significance than the factors of a suc- torial disk. Nevertheless, there are doubtless many who will passively resist the proposition because of a conservative spirit, and who will vaguely recur to the development of the disk as being a ‘teleological modification,’ and as if it were not an actual fact and a development cor- related with radical modifications of all parts of the skeleton at least. But whatever may be the closest relations of Echencis, or the systematic 2268 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. value of its peculiarities, it is certain that it is not allied to Hlacate any more than to others of the hosts of Scombroid, Percoid, and kindred fishes, and that it differs in toto from it, notwithstanding the claims that have been made otherwise. It is true that there is a striking resemblance, especially between the young—almost as great, for example, as that between the placental mouse and the marsupial Antechinomys—but the like is entirely superficial, and the scientific ichthyologist should be no more misled in the case than would the scientific therologist by the likeness of the marsupial and placental mammals.” a. Body very slender, the vertebra 14+ 16—30; ventrals narrowly adnate to abdomen; lower jaw produced in a flap; pectorals acute, with flexible rays. b. Lamine 10 only. PHTHEIRICHTHYS, 833. bb. Laminz 20 to 28. d ECHENEIS, 834. aa. Body rather robust, the ve rtebree 12-++- 15—27; ventrals broadly adnate to abdomen; lower jaw not produced; pectorals rounded. c. Lamine 24 to 27. REMILEGIA, 835. cc. Lamine 16 to 20. d. Pectoral rays soft and flexible. REMORA, 836. dd. Pectoral rays stiff and ossified. RHOMBOCHIRUS, 837. 833. PHTHEIRICHTHYS, Gill. Phtheirichthys, GILL, Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 239 (lineata). Disk with 10 lamine ; palatines with sharp teeth; teeth in pairs, uniform in all ages; otherwise as in Echeneis, A single species, found attached to spearfishes and Barracudas. (%ezp, a louse; ix4Us, fish.) 2602. PHTHEIRICHTHYS LINEATUS (Menzies). Head 5; disk twice as long as broad, its length 4} in body. D. X-33; A. 33. Lower jaw very narrow, much projecting. Body blackish, with 2 whitish lateral bands; all the fins white-margined. Tropical seas, rang- ing north to South Carolina and Pensacola; ratherrare. (lineatus, striped.) Echeneis lineata, MeNz1Es, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1, 1791, 187, pl. 17, fig. 1, Pacific Ocean between the tropics; GUNTHER, Cat., II, 382, 1860. Echeneis tropica, EUPHRASEN, Nya Handl., x11, 317, 1791, Atlantic between the Tropics. Echeneis apicalis, PoEY, Memorias, I, 254, 1861, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Echeneis sphyrenarum, Pory, Memorias, I, 255, 1861, Cuba, on Barracudas. (Coll. Poey.) Phtheirichthys lineatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 969, 1883. 834. ECHENEIS (Artedi) Linnzeus. Jcheneis (ARTED:) LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 260, 1758 (naucrates). Leptecheneis, GI, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60 (naucrates) ; the name Echeneis being transferred to L. remora, the only species known to Artedi. Body comparatively elongate, the vertebra 14 + 16—30; disk long, of 20 to 28 laminie; pectoral pointed, its rays soft and flexible; soft dorsal and anal long, of 30 to 41 rays each; caudal lunate in the adult, convex in the young. Species of wide distribution, attaching themselves mainly to sea turtles and large fishes, (éyevyis, an ancient name, from éy@, to hold back; vavs, a ship.) Jordan and Everman. Fishes of North America, 2269 a. Disk of 22 to 26 lamin (rarely 21 or 28), its length less than 4 body. NAUCRATES, 2603. aa, Disk of 20 or 21 lamine, its length more than 4 body. NAUCRATEOIDES, 2604. 2605. ECHENEIS NAUCRATES, Linneus. (SHARK-SUCKER; PEGA; PEGADOR; SUCKING-FISH.) Head 54; depth 11 to 12. D. XXII to XXVIII (rarely XXI)-32 to 41; A. 31 to 38. Breadth between pectorals 74; disk 4 to 5 in body; eye 5 in head; snout 2}; maxillary 3; from angle of mouth to tip of lower jaw 23; pectoral 13; ventrals 1}; middle caudal rays 12; highest anal ray 2; highest dorsal ray 2}; width of disk 2} in its length; base of dorsal 23, anal 23,in body. Body elongate, subterete, slender. Lower jaw strongly projecting, the tip flexible; maxillary reaching nostril; teeth uniform in the adult, the young with series of small slender teeth in advance of the others; gill rakers short and slender, about equal to pupil; vertical fins low. Anal rays higher than dorsal anteriorly; pectorals reaching very slightly past tips of ventrals; origin of ventral spine under middle of pectoral base; inner rays of ventral fins narrowly adnate to the abdo- men; dorsal and anal commencing and ending opposite each other; candal with the middle rays produced in the young, the fin becoming emargi- nate or lunate with age. Color brownish; belly dark, like the back, as usual in this family; sides with a broad stripe of darker edged with whitish extending through eye to snout; caudal black, its outer angles whitish; pectorals and ventrals black, sometimes bordered with pale; dorsal and anal broadly edged with white anteriorly; adult nearly uni- form dark brown, not paler below. Warm seas, universally distributed ; common north to Cape Cod and occasionally to San Francisco, attaching itself to turtles and to large fishes, This species is very common in the tropics, being found attached to sharks, groupers, or any other large fish, withoutregard tospecies. Few large sharks at Key West are without them. They are often caught with hook and line from the wharf, where they fre- quently forsake their host to take the bait. Liitken’s remark that only Remora remora has been recorded from sharks is no longer true. Several writers have recognized 2 species of Hcheneis proper—naucrates, with 22 to 26 laminie, the disk 4 to 5 in body, and naucrateoides (= albicauda = hol- brooki = lineatus), in which the disk is longer, 3? to 4 in body, but com- posed of fewer, 20 or 21, lamin. The latter form is rather common on our coast, the specimens from Key West above mentioned having 21. We doubt the existence of any permanent difference between the two, but provisionally retain Mcheneis naucrateoides as a species distinct from Lche- neis naucrates until more complete comparison can be made. (nauerates, a pilot; vaus, ship; xparéw, to govern, guide.) Echeneis neucrates (misprint for nawerates), LINN%Us, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 261, 1758, ‘‘in Pelago Indico; GUNTHER, Cat., 1, 384, 1860; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 416, 1883. Echeneis albicauda, MircuILu, Amer. Monthly Mag., 11, 1817, 244, New York. Echeneis lunata, BANCROFT, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., 1, 1830, 134, Kingston, Jamaica. ? Echeneis vittata, LOWE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1839, 89, Madeira. Echeneis fasciata, GRONOW, Ed. Gray, 92,1854, Mediterranean Sea. Leptecheneis naucrates, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60. 2270 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Echeneis vittata, RUPPELL, Neue Wirb. Fische, 82, 1835, Red Sea. Echeneis guaiacan, Pony, Memorias, 11, 248, 1861, Cuba; young. (Coll. Poey.) Echeneis verticalis, POEY, Memorias, 11, 253, 1861, Cuba; young. : Echeneis metallica, Porky, Memorias, 0, 252, 1861, Cuba; D. xxi, 40; A.37; large speci- men, metallic green, the bands faint. (Coll. Poey.) Echeneis fusca, GRONOW, Cat. Fish., 92, 1854; after FE. naucrates, L. 2604. ECHENEIS NAUCRATEOIDES, Zuiew. Head 5; depth 11. D. XX or XXI-32 to 35; A.338 to 35. Disk 33 to 3% in total, twice width of body between pectorals. In all other respects essen- tially as in Echeneis naucrates, the disk longer, but composed of fewer lamine, the laminze being farther apart. Color of Echeneis naucrates. Cape Cod to West Indies, common on our south Atlantic coast; speci- mens before us from Key West. (naucrates, vavxparns, a pilot; e7dos, resemblance. ) Echeneis neucratoides, ZUIEW, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petropol., tv, 1789, 279, no locality. Echeneis lineata, HOLBROOK, Ichth. S. C., 102, 1860, Charleston, South Carolina; not of MENZIES. Echeneis holbrooki, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 382, 1860, Jamaica; D. x1, 35; A. 33. Leptecheneis naucrateoides, GILL, l. ¢., 61. 835. REMILEGIA, Gill. Remilegia, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1864, 61 (australis). This genus differs from Remora chiefly in the length of the sucking disk, which has 24 to 27 laminze; the soft dorsal and anal are proportionately short. (A metathesis for remeligo, the delayer or hinderer.) 2605. REMILEGIA AUSTRALIS (Bennett). D. XXVII-22; A.21 to 23. The length of the disk is 2} in the total, the width of the body between the pectorals 53. Caudal truncated; dorsal and anal fins not continued to the caudal. Color brown. This species has the generai habit of EL. remora, but may be readily distinguished from all the others by the extraordinary size of the disk, which is elongate, subelliptical, obtusely rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, and formed by 27 pairs of lamin; it extends backward beyond the vertical from the tip of the ventrals, and its length is 2} in the total. The spines with which the single lamina are armed are less conspicuous than in the other species, and do not offer the same resistance to the touch. There isa large posterior portion of the disk which is not provided with lamine, but quite smooth. The width of the disk, taken between the extremities of the bony lamin, is 4 of its length; the membranaceous margin is bent upward. The head and the body below the disk are depressed, and their height is 93 in the total length, whilst the width between the pec- torals is 53 in it. The body between the disk and the vertical fins is quadrangular, tapering posteriorly. The upper jaw is subtruncated, and overreached by the lower, which is much narrower; both are armed with a broad band of villiform teeth, and with an outer series of larger ones on Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2271 the sides; the vomerine and palatine bones have a continuous band of teeth, narrowest on the vomer; the tongue is hard, cartilaginous, and destitute of teeth. The cleft of the mouth reaches only to the vertical from the nostril; the eye is small. The pectoral is rounded and small, its length being } of the total; the ventrals are slightly pointed, and, as in all the species of the genus, composed of 1 spine, hidden in the skin, and 4 soft rays; they are inserted immediately behind the vertical from the pectoral, which they equal in length; they can be received in a shal- low groove on the abdomen. The distance between the dorsal and the disk is 34 in the length of the latter; the dorsal is low, and envelopedin a thick membrane. The caudal is truncated when stretched out. The anal is very similar to the dorsal, and its origin and termination fall ver- tically below those of the latter. The scales are minute, and can be per- ceived only by the aid of a magnifier; they are embedded in pore-like cavities. (Giinther: description of type of Echeneis scutata.) Tropical seas; rare; recorded by Dr. Liitken from 10° N., 39° W. (Coll. Capt. V. Hygom) from a dolphin; not seen by us, (australis, southern.) Echeneis australis, BENNETT, Narr. Whaling Voyage, I, 273, pls. 24-26, 1840. Echeneis scutata, GUNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1860, 401, pl. 10, f. B, Ceylon (Coll. Dr. Sib- bald); GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 381, 1860; LUTKEN, Vid. Medd. Kjébenh. 1875, 42. 836. REMORA, Gill. (REMORAS. ) Remora, GILL, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862. 239 (remora). Echeneis, Git, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60 (remora); not Hcheneis, GILL, 1862, restricted to naucrates. Remoropsis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60 (brachypterus). Remorina, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 490, 1896 (albesens). Body rather robust, the vertebre 12+ 15—27; disk shortish, of 13 to 18 lamin; pectoral rounded, its rays soft and flexible; soft dorsal and anal moderate, of 20 to 30 rays; caudal subtruncate. Species attaching them- selves to large fishes, especially to sharks. (Remora, an ancient name, “holding back.”) REMORA: a. Lamine about 18; soft dorsal with 23 rays. REMORA, 2606. aa. Lamine 13 to 16. REMORINA: b. Dorsal rays XIII, 22, ALBESCENS, 2607. REMOROPSIS (temora; oes, appearance) : bb. Dorsal rays XIV, XVI, 29 to 32. BRACHYPTERA, 2608. Subgenus REMORA. 2606. REMORA REMORA (Linneus). (REMORA.) Head 4; disk 22; width between pectorals 5}. D. XVIII-23; A. 25; ver- tebrie 12+15. Body comparatively robust, compressed behind, Pectoral fins rounded, short, and broad, their rays short and flexible; ventral fins 2272 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, adnate to the abdomen for more than 4 the length of their inner edge. Tip of lower jaw not produced into a flap ; head broad, depressed; disk longer than the dorsal or the anal fin; maxillary scarcely reaching front of orbit. Caudal lunate; vertical fins rather high; pectoral 3 length of head. Color blackish, nearly uniform above and below. Length 15 inches. Warm seas, north to New York and San Francisco, where it is not rare; usually found attached to large sharks; very common in the West Indies; more robust than Lcheneis naucrates, and reaching a smaller size. Echeneis remora, LINN&US, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 260, 1758, ‘‘in Pelago Indico;”’ GUNTHER, Cat., I, 378, 1860; Liirken, Vid. Medd. Kjébenh, 1875, 38; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 417, 1883. Echeneis squalipeta, DALDORF, Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk., 11, 1797, 157, Atlantic Ocean between the tropics ; GUNTHER, Cat., II, 377, 1860. Echeneis jacobea, Lowe, Proce. Zool. Soc. London 1839, 89, Madeira. Echeneis remoroides, BLEEKER, Batoé, 11, 70, Batoe. Echeneis parva, GRONOW, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 92,1854, no locality; after E.remora, L. Echeneis postica, Pony, Memorias, 1, 255, 1861, Havana. (Coll. Poey.) Remora jacobeea, GILL, Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci, Phila. 1862, 239. Subgenus REMORINA, Jordan & Evermann. 2607. REMORA ALBESCENS (Temminck & Schlegel). Length of disk 31 to 3} in total length; width between pectorals 5 to 54; number of lamin on disk 13 or 14. D. XIII-22; A. 22. Angle of mouth in the vertical from the third lamina of the disk. Length of ventral fins equal to the distance between root of pectoral and posterior margin of eye. Color uniform grayish brown. (Giinther.) Tropical Pacific, stray- ing to America; a specimen taken at La Paz, Gulf of California (Streets), and 1 in the Gulf of Mexico (Bean). (albescens, whitish.) Echeneis albescens, TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 272, pl. 120, fig. 3, 1842, Japan; GUNTHER, Cat., 11,377, 1860; STREETS, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., vil, 54, 1877. Remora albescens, JORDAN, Cat. Fishes, 66, 1885. Subgenus REMOROPSIS, Gill. 2608. REMORA BRACHYPTERA (Lowe). Head nearly 4; width between pectorals 6}. D. XIV to XVI-29 to 32; A. 25 to 30. Body robust, the greatest depth nearly twice the length of the short pectoral fins; disk shorter than base of dorsal, rather broad; upper jaw angular. Caudal nearly truncate. Light brown, darker below, fins paler. Warm seas, occasionally north to Cape Cod. (fpayxvs, short; mTEPOY, fin.) Echeneis brachyptera, LOWE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1839, 89, Madeira; GUNTHER, Cat., II, 378, 1860; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 417, 1883. Echeneis sexdecimlamellata, EyDoUX & GERVAIS, Voy. Favorite, V, 77, pl. 31, 1839, Indian Ocean? Echeneis quatuordecimlaminatus, STORER, Rept. Fishes Mass., 155, 1889, Holmes Hole. Echeneis pallida, TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 27], pl. 120, fig. 2, 3, 1842, Japan. Echeneis nievhofii, BLEEKER, Sumatra, 1,279, Sumatra. Siemoropsis brachypterus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2273 837. RHOMBOCHIRUS, Gill. Rhombochirus, Git, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1863, 88 (osteochir). This genus agrees with Remora in every respect excepting the structure of the pectoral fins. These are short and broad, rhombic in outline, the rays all flat, broad and stiff, being partially ossified, although showing the usual articulation; upper rays of pectoral broader than the others. One species known. (/0sfos, rhomb; yezp, hand.) 2609. RHOMBOCHIRUS OSTEOCHIR (Cuvier). Head 43 in length; disk 24; width between pectorals 5. D. XVIII-21 to 23; A. 20 or 21; P.20. Mouth very small, maxillary not nearly reach- ing to the line of the orbit; outer series of teeth longer than the others. Disk very large, broader and rougher than in Remora remora, extending forward beyond the tip of the snout. Caudal fin emarginate, with rounded angles. Light brown; underside of head, ventral line, part of ventrals and a spot on pectorals pale. West Indies north to Cape Cod; parasitic on species of Tetrapturus; rather rare. (06réov, bone; yezp, hand.) Echeneis osteochir, CUvimR, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, vol. I, 348, 1829, no locality given; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 381,1860; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 418, 1883. Echeneis tetrapturorum, POoEY, Memorias, 1, 256,1858,Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Group TRACHINOIDEA. (THE TRACHINOID FISHES.) A large group of transitional forms, some of them of doubtful relation- ships, showing affinities with the Percoidea on the one hand and with the Batrachoidide and Blennoidea on the other. In general, the spinous dorsal is short or weak, the soft dorsal long and similar to the anal, and the squama- tion is less complete and less ctenoid than in the Percoidea. The skull is, in general, depressed, with the supraocular crest low, and the suborbital stay is wanting, although in some genera the suborbital bones are enlarged. The bones of the skull are not strongly armed, and the ventral fins are often inserted well forward, and they are sometimes reduced in size. The group is divided by Dr. Gill into Percophidoidea, Trachinoidea, and Uranoscopoidea. The two latter groups are natural and related, but, as Dr. Gill observes, ‘‘the Percophidoidea are “undoubtedly a heterogeneous eroup and need a thorough revision.” Therelations of Bathymaster, Tricho- don, and Latilus especially are uncertain. Several of the leading families of this group are confined to the South Temperate Zone, and none of the Trachinide occurs within our limits. a. Mouth horizontal or moderately oblique, the lips not fringed; eyes lateral; ventral rays I, 5, their insertion more or less before the pectorals; suborbitals moderate; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. b. Snout subconic, not prolonged and spatulate; ventrals not widely separated. c. Body covered with scales; dorsal spines flexible. d. Lateral line complete; caudal fin forked; vertebre 24 to 27. MALACANTHID®, CXO. bo bo =~] 4 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. dd. Lateral line incomplete, running close to the back; caudal rounded or lanceolate; dorsal fin continuous. e. Vertebrie about 27; scales cycloid; maxillary more or less dilated behind, with a supplemental bone; middle rays of ventrals longest. OPISTHOGNATHID, CXCI. ee. Vertebree about 50; scales ctenoid; maxillary not dilated, with- out supplement bone; inner rays of vertrals longest. BATHYMASTERIDZ, CXCII. cc. Body naked; snout short; mouth very large, the maxillary much produced behind; jaws with sharp canines; lateral line well developed; dorsals 2; caudal forked. _ CHIASMODONTID&, CXCIII., bb. Snout much prolonged and spatulate; ventrals widely separated; body scaly or naked; lateral line near the back; dorsal usually divided. CHA NICHTHYID.®, CXCIV. aa. Mouth vertical, the lips fringed. f. Eyes lateral; gills 4, a slit behind the last; preopercle armed; body naked, compressed; caudal lunate, on a slender peduncle; vertebre about 48. TRICHODONTID®, CXCY. jf. Eyes superior; gills more or less reduced, usually 33, the last slit small or wanting; suborbitals more or less dilated; body scaly or naked. g. Lateral line well developed, concurrent with the back anteriorly; dorsal spines slender, not pungent; vertebrae about 25 to 30. h. Ventral rays I, 3. DACTYLOSCOPID®, CXCVI. gg. Lateral line obscure; dorsal spines few, more or less pungent, some. times obsolete. URANOSCOPID, CXCVII- Family CXC. MALACANTHID. (THE BLANQUILLOS.) Body more or less elongate, fusiform or compressed. Head subconical, the anterior profile usually convex; suborbital without bony stay; the bones not greatly developed; cranial bones not cavernous; opercular bones mostly unarmed. Mouth rather terminal, little oblique; teeth rather strong; no teeth on vomer or palatines; the premaxillary usually with a blunt posterior canine, somewhat as in the Labridw; premaxillaries pro- tractile; maxillary without supplemental bone, not slipping under the edge of the preorbital. Gills 4, a long slit behind the fourth; pseudo- branchi well developed; gill membranes separate, or more or less united, often adherent to the isthmus; lower pharyngeals separate. Scales small, ctenoid; lateral line present,complete, more or less concurrent with the back; dorsal fin long and low, usually continuous, the spinous portion always much less developed than the soft portion, but never obsolete; anal fin very long, its spines feeble and few; caudal fin forked; tail diphy- cercal; ventrals thoracic or subjugular, I, 5, close together; pectoral fins not very broad, the rays all branched; vertebre in normal or slightly increased number (24 to 30). Pylorie ceca few or none. Fishes of the temperate and tropical seas, some of them reaching a large size. Genera about 6; species about 8 to 10, mostly American. The relationships of the family are obscure, and it may be that the genera here associated are not really closely allied. (Malacanthidw, Giinther, Cat., m1, 359, 1861; Tra- chinide, part, Giinther, Cat., 11, 225-264, 1860.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2245 MALACANTHIN2S: a. Vertebr 24; preopercle entire. b. Soft dorsal and anal extremely long, each with more than 40 rays; preopercle entire; form slender; scales very small. MALACANTHUS, 838. aa. Vertebr more than 24; preopercle more or less serrate. CAULOLATILINZ : c. Soft dorsal and anal moderate, each with 22 to 27 soft rays; preopercle serrate; scales rather small; form robust. d. Upper jaw with posterior canines; dorsal spines graduated. CAULOLATILUS, 839. LATILINZ:: ec. Soft dorsal and anal short, each of 13 to 15 soft rays; preopercle denticulate; scales small; form robust. e. Nape with a large adipose appendage; a fleshy prolongation on each side of the labial fold, extending forward behind angle of mouth. LOPHOLATILUS, 840. 838. MALACANTHUS, Cuvier. (MATAJUELO BLANCO.) Malacanthus, Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, vol. 11, 205, 1829 (plumieri). Body elongate, slightly compressed; cleft of mouth horizontal, with the jaws equal; eyes lateral; scales very small, minutely ciliated; one continuous dorsal, with the first 4 to 6 rays not articulated; dorsal and anal very long; pectoral rays all branched; jaws with villiform teeth; an outer series of stronger teeth, some of them canine-like, and with a canine at the posterior extremity of the intermaxillary; no teeth on the palate; preopercle entire; opercle with a spine; gill rakers little developed; ver- tebre in small number, 10-++-14—24. One species, a shore fish of tropical America. (“adaxds, soft; exav6a, spine.) 2610. MALACANTHUS PLUMIERI (Bloch). (MATAJUELO BLANCO.) Head 33; depth 6}. D. VI, 49; A. 48; scales 14-130-30; eye5} in head ; max- illary 24; snout2i; P. 2; longest dorsal rays 3, equal to anal ray; upper caudal lobe 12. Body elongate, little compressed. Head moderately long and pointed; eye placed high; interorbital flat, as wide as eye; pro- file of head obliquely straight from tip of snout to above nostril, where there is a slight angle formed, thence nearly horizontally straight to dorsal. Mouth large, maxillary reaching slightly past the vertical from posterior nostril; jaws equal; a band of villiform teeth in upper jaw growing broader anteriorly, and another row of small, even, conical teeth at the sides, and 6 well-developed canines in front, the 2 outer ones the largest; a canine on premaxillary at angle of mouth; villiform teeth in lower jaw not extending very far back; large recurved canines on side of jaw anteriorly, small conical teeth in front and on sides posteriorly, with a single large canine at angle of mouth; gill rakers rudimentary, about 5+7. Top of head forward from above middle of eye, preorbital, and lower jaw, naked; fins withou scales. Dorsal and anal similar, long and low, continuous; pectoral reaching past tips of ventrals to front of 2276 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. anal; ventrals not reaching to vent, origin of ventral spine slightly behind base of pectoral; caudal forked, the lobes elongate, sometimes produced into a filament. Color in spirits, uniform, pale olive brown above, white below; fins light brownish; no distinct markings. Length 15 inches. West Indies, rather common; used as food. Here described from specimens from Havana. (Named for Pere Plumier, of Martinique. ) Matejuelo blanco, PARRA, Dif. Piezas Hist. Nat. Cuba, 22, tab. 18, f. r. 1787, Cuba. Coryphena plumieri, BLocu, Ichthyol., v, 119, pl. 175, 1787, Martinique; from a drawing by PLUMIER. Malacanthus trachinus, VALENCIENNES, in CUVIER, Régne Animal, pl. 90, fig. 3. Sparus oblongus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 283, 1801; after PARRA. Malacanthus plumieri, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 319, 380, 1839, specimens from San Domingo; GUNTHER, Cat., III, 359, 1861. 839. CAULOLATILUS, Gill. (BLANQUILLOS. ) Caulotatilus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 240 (no diagnosis), and GILL, Proc. Ac Nat. Sci. Phila. 1865, 66 (chrysops). Dekaya, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1864, 70 (princeps), not Dekayia, MILNE-EDWARDS & HAM, 1851, a genus of corals. Body elongate, subfusiform, not strongly compressed, heavy forward, tapering to a rather slender caudal peduncle; profile of head strongly arched; mouth moderate, little oblique, the jaws nearly equal; lips thick ; maxillary narrow, not slipping under the preorbital; teeth in villiform bands, preceded by a row of stronger acute teeth; posterior teeth in each jaw canine-like, directed forward; posterior canines of upper jaw largest; no teeth on vomer or palatines; preopercle pectinate, the teeth nearly even; opercle with a blunt, flat spine; eyes large, lateral; gill membranes slightly connected, forming a fold across the isthmus, with which they are narrowly joined; branchiostegals 6; gill rakers short and stout; nos- trils double, round, close together; scales small, firm, ctenoid; lateral line continuous, concurrent with the back; dorsal with 7 to 9 slender, pointed, graduated spines and 22 to 27 soft rays; anal similar to soft dorsal, with 1 or 2 small spines and more than 20 soft rays; caudal fin forked; ventral fins thoracic; no adipose appendage at the nape; vertebra 12-+-15—27. Large fishes of the warm seas of America; valued as food. (xavdds, stem; Latilus; being distinguished from Latilus by the many rays.) a. Scales small, about 125 in the lateral line, about 50 in a transverse series. b. Eye large, 44 in the head; depth 4 in length; scales 16-125-40. PRINCEPS, 2611. bb. Eye small, 6 in head; depth 34 in body; scales 13-120-35. MICROPS, 2612. aa. Scales larger, about 108 in the lateral line, about 25 in a transverse series; scales 12—108—25. CYANOPS, 2613. 2611. CAULOLATILUS PRINCEPS (Jenyns). (BLANQUILLO; WHITE-FISH.) Head 33; depth 4. D.IX, 24; A. TI, 23; scales 16-125-40. Flesh of the occiput becoming thick with age, as in Harpe. Eye large, about 4 the convex interorbital space, 4} in head; maxillaries reaching front of eye; Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America, 2277 teeth rather strong; preopercle finely, evenly, and acutely serrate behind, nearly entire below; preopercle, interopercle, and preorbital naked; cheeks and opercles scaly; top of head scaled on the median line to be- tween the eyes; dorsal spines flexible; ventrals slightly behind the pec- torals, the outer rays longest; caudal moderately forked, the upper lobe the longer; caudal peduncle short and slender, abruptly contracted; pec- torals faleate, longer than caudal, ? length of the head. Olivaceous, with bluish reflections; brownish above, greenish below; fins light greenish olive, tinged with bluish and orange, the colors always pale; dorsal and anal greenish, with a bluish band near the tip; axildusky. Rocky islands of the Pacific coast from Monterey southward to the Galapagos; abun- dant about the Santa Barbara Islands; a food fish of considerable impor- tance. Length 40 inches. We are unable to detect any differences by which the Californian form, Caulolatilus anomalus, can be separated from Caulolatilus princeps. (princeps, a leader.) Latilus princeps, JENYNS, Zool. Beagle, Fishes, 52, pl. 11, 1840, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago (Coll. Charles Darwin); GUNTHER, Cat., II, 253, 1860. Dekaya anomala, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1864, 70, coast of Southern California. Caulolatilus aginis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1865, 68, Cape St. Lucas. (Coll. John Xantus.) Caulolatilus princeps, GILL, l. c. 68. Caulolatilus anomalus, GILL, l. c.68; STREETS, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., vit, 48,1877; JORDAN &° GILBERT, Synopsis, 625, 1883. 2612. CAULOLATILUS MICROPS, Goode & Bean. Head 34; depth 3}. D. VII, 25; A. I, 23; scales 105 counting the oblique series, 120 counting the row above lateral line; transverse rows 12 + 30; eye 53 in head; snout 2; maxillary 2}; pectoral 14; ventral 2;';; highest dorsal spine 34; highest anal rays 31; upper caudal lobe 14. Body rather robust; upper profile of head rather steep, evenly rounded from tip of snout to dorsal; nostrils small, midway between eye and tip of snout, separated by a distance equal to + diameter ef pupil; mouth large, maxil- lary scarcely reaching to anterior margin of eye; lips thick; lower jaw included; jaws with small conical teeth, the outer row enlarged, canine- like, a large tooth on posterior end of maxillary at angle of mouth; pre- opercle finely and evenly serrate on its vertical limb; a broad flat spine on opercle; snout, preorbital and lower jaw naked; fins sealeless; dorsal and anal similar, long and low; pectorals reaching far past tips of ventrals to vent; origin of ventral spine about the length of 2 scales behind the ver- tical from pectoral base; caudal fin lunate when spread, its upper lobe slightly the longer. Color reddish, marked with yellow; a yellow band below the eye; a dark blotch in and above axil of pectoral; dorsal light at base, darker above, with many indistinct brownish spots. Gulf of Mexico, in rather deep water; not rare. Here described from a specimen from the Pensacola Snapper Banks, 26 inches in length. A rather doubt- ful species, perhaps not distinct from C. cyanops or C. chrysops. (41x05, small; wy, eye.) * Caulolatilus microps, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 43, off Pensacola, Florida. (Coll. Silas Stearns.) Caulolatilus chrysops, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 626, 1883; not Latilus chrysops, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES. 2278 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2613. CAULOLATILUS CYANOPS,* Poey. (BLANQUILLO.) Head 4 in total length. D. VII, 24; A. I, 22 (scales 10-108-25. Bean). Profile convex before the eye, not ascending to the nape; no scales on the fins; soft rays little divided; caudal slightly lunate; first caudal vertebra spoon-like, its cavity receiving the air bladder; vertebre 12+ 15; no pylorie ceca, stomach short, air bladder large. Color greenish above, a faint, broad, interrupted brown band above the lateral line; some small brown spots above and below it; region below the eye clear blue, not very different from the color of the belly; soft dorsal brown, paler at its base, edged with orange; spinous dorsal orange. (Poey.) Coast of Cuba; not seen by us. Both this and the preceding species may be identical with Caulolatilus chrysops, a species described from the coast of Brazil. (xvaveos, blue; wt, eye.) ? Latilus chrysops, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1X, 496, 1833, Brazil (Coll. M. Gay); GUNTHER, Cat., IT, 253, 1860. Caulolatilus cyanops, PoEY, Repertorio, 1,312, 1867, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 840. LOPHOLATILUS, Goode & Bean. (TILE-FISHES. ) Lopholatilus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 205 (chameceleonticeps). Body stout, somewhat compressed; mouth moderate, maxillary reaching anterior margin of the orbit; opercle and preopercle scaly, the latter finely denticulate; upper jaw with outer series of stronger teeth, behind which is a band of villiform teeth; lower jaw with a few large canines, and an inner series of small conical teeth; vomer and palatines toothless; nape with a large adipose appendage; a fleshy prolongation upon each side of the labial fold, extending backward beyond the angle of the mouth; stomach small, siphonal, barely more than a loop in the very large intes- tine; alimentary canal short, less than total length of the body; air bladder simple, with thick muscular walls, strongly attached to the roof of the abdominal cavity by numerous root-like appendages, resembling somewhat that of Pogonias. Deep-sea fishes. (Adgos, crest; Latilus.) 2614. LOPHOLATILUS CHAMELEONTICEPS, Goode & Bean. (TILE-F Isa.) Head 3; depth 3}. D. VII, 15; A. II, 13; scales 8-93-30. Body stout, somewhat compressed, its greatest width equaling length of caudal pedun- cle; intermaxillaries supplied with a series of from 19 to 23 canine teeth, behind which is a band of villiform teeth, widest at the symphysis; man- dible with about 12 large canines; eye rather small, its diameter 6} in o— see * The characters distinguishing Caulolatilus chrysops are thus given by Poey: Head 43 in totallength. D. VIII, 24; A.II,22. Profile most gibbous behind the eye; a very bright gilded band below the eye, broader anteriorly ; dorsal fin brown with irregular blue spots; axillary spot green. Coast of Brazil. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2279 head, and about twice length of labial appendages; distance between posterior nostril and eye equal first anal spine, and 4 distance from tip of snout to anterior nostril. Caudal fin emarginate, middle rays 14 in outer rays; vent under interval between fourth and fifth dorsal ‘rays. Back bluish, with a green tinge, iridescent, changing through purplish blue and bluish gray to rosy white below, and milky white toward median line of belly; head rosy, iridescent, with red tints most abundant on fore- head, blue under the eyes, cheeks fawn-colored; throat and under side of head pearly white, with an occasional tint of lemon yellow, most pro- nounced in front of ventrals and on anterior portion of ventral fins; back with numerous maculations of bright yellow or golden; anal purplish, with blue and rose tints, iridescent; margin of anal rich purplish blue, iridescent, like the most beautiful mother-of-pearl, this color pervading more or less the whole fin, which has large yellow maculations, the lower border rose-colored, like the belly, base of the fin also partaking of this general hue; dashes of milk white on base of anal between the rays; dorsal gray; in front of the seventh dorsal the upper third posterior to the upper two-thirds dark brown; spots of yellow, large, elongate, on or near the rays; adipose fin whitish brown or yellow, a large group of bright yellow confluent spots at the base; pectorals sepia-colored, with rosy and purplish iridescence. (Goode & Bean.) Deep waters of the western Atlantic, at times very abundant; now rare or almost extinct. “The tilefish was first observed in 1879 by fishermen fishing for cod on Nantucket Shoals. From its abundance it was thought to become of some economic importance. In March and April, 1882, vessels arriving at New York, Philadelphia, and Boston reported having passed large num- bers of dead and dying fish, the majority of which were tilefish. Captain Collins estimated the area covered by dead and dying fish to be from 5,000 to 7,500 square statute miles, the number of fish to be 1,000,000,000. Several visits were made by the Fish Commission vessels to the grounds where these fishes were formerly abundant, but no specimen was obtained, and it was thought to have become extinct. In 1892 several specimens were taken by the Grampus in latitude 38° to 40° N., and longitude 71° to 73° W. The wholesale destruction of the tilefish in 1882 is thought by Colonel McDonald to be due to climatic causes.” (Goode & Bean.) (chameleon, yaxuailéwy ; - ceps, head.) ; Lopholatilus chameleonticeps, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1879, 205, Nan- tucket Shoals; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 624, 1883; CoLLins, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. (1882) 1884, 237; Lucas, Rept. U. 8. Nat. Mus. (Smithsonian Report) 1889, 647, with plate; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 284, 1896. Family CXCI. OPISTHOGNATHID 2. (THE JAW-FISHES. ) Body oblong or elongate, low, moderately compressed, covered with small cycloid scales; lateral line present, straight, running close to the dorsal fin, not extending much behind middle of body. Head large, naked, the anterior profile decurved, no ridges, spines, or crests above. Mouth 2280 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, terminal, horizontal, its cleft usually very wide, the maxillary sometimes greatly dilated; supplemental maxillary present; premaxillaries pro- tractile; jaws subequal, with conical or cardiform teeth; vomer usually with a few teeth; palatines toothless; opercles unarmed; no suborbital stay. Pseudobranchix present. Gill rakers rather long; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill membranes somewhat united, free from the isth- mus. Branchiostegals 6. Air bladder present. No pyloric ceca. Ver- tebre large, about 27 in number. Dorsal fin long, continuous, its anterior half composed of slender, flexible spines, which pass gradually into soft rays; caudal distinct, rounded or lanceolate; tail not isocercal, the last vertebra expanded (27 to 34); anal long and low, without distinct spines; ventrals separate, jugular, I, 5, the middle rays longest; pectorals fan- shaped. Three genera, of about 15 species ; small fishes inhabiting rocky bottoms in tropical seas, many of them with bright markings. The American species are all rarities, living about rocks in deep or shallow water; nowhere abundant and none of the species well represented in col- lections. (Trachinide, genus Opisthognathus, Giinther, Cat., 1, 254-256. ) a. Maxillary of great length, nearly as long as head, produced behind in a flexible lamina. OPISTHOGNATHUS, 841. aa. Maxillary normal, truncate behind, much shorter than head. b. Caudal moderate, rounded behind; body oblong, moderately compressed. GNATHYPOPS, 842: bb. Caudal lanceolate, long and pointed; body elongate. LONCHOPISTHUS, 843. 841. OPISTHOGNATHUS, Cuvier. Opisthognathus, Cuvier, Régne Anim., Ed. 2, vol. 0, 240, 1829 (sonnerati). Mavyillary prolonged backward in a long flexible lamina, which reaches about to base of pectoral. Characters of the genus otherwise included above. It has been suggested that the species of Gnathypops are females of analogous species of Opisthognathus, the long maxillary being a charac- ter of the male. This seems impossible, but deserves an investigation. The fact that Gnathypops mavillosa has but 27 vertebrie, while its long- jawed cognate, Opisthognathus macrognathum, is said by Poey to have 34 vertebrie, is opposed to this view, as is also the fact that the analogous species do not in other respects exactly correspond, as in Gnathypops mys- tacina, the scales are smaller than in Opisthognathus lonchurum; Gnathypops rhomalea has fewer fin rays than Opisthognathus punctatum, ete. But the parallelism of species in the two genera living in the same waters is remarkable. (07169, behind; yva@6os, jaw.) a. Scales moderate, about 67; D. X, 15; A. II, 13; body nearly plain olivaceous, the maxillary not distinctly striped within. LONCHURUM, 2615. aa. Scales very small, 100 to 150 in longitudinal series; dorsal rays about XI, 17; A. II, 16; body and fins much variegated, the maxillary within with 2 ink-black stripes on a milk-white ground. b. Dorsal without large black spot in front; scales 120. PUNCTATUM, 2616. bb. Dorsal with a large black spot more or less ocellated. c. Scales about 100. MACROGNATHUM, 2617. cc. Scales about 140, OMMATUM, 2618. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2281 2615. OPISTHOGNATHUS LONCHURUM, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 34; depth 4%. D. 25; A. 15; scales 67. Head moderate; snout very short, shorter than pupil; eye 34 in head; maxillary 14 in head, rather narrow; lower jaw included; vomer with 5 rather large teeth. Longest dorsal spine about as long as ‘head, slightly higher than soft rays; caudal long, the middle rays scarcely shorter than head; longest anal rays 14 in head; pectoral little more than } head. Scales moderate. Oliva- ceous; margin of upper lip with a narrow black stripe; caudal with 3 dusky bars; color of rest of body uniform. Gulf of Mexico, in deep water. Two specimens known, taken from the stomach of a Red Snapper at Pensacola, Florida. The species resembles Gnathypops mystacinus, found in the same waters, but the latter species has smaller scales. (Ady yn, lance; ovpa, tail.) Opisthognathus lonchurus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 290, Snapper Banks, off Pensacola, Florida (Type, No. 29671. Coll. Jordan & Stearns); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 943, 1883. 2616. OPISTHOGNATHUS PUNCTATUM, Peters. D. 28; A. 18. Body moderately elongate; scales very small, about 125 in lateral line. Dorsal spines continuous with the soft rays. No vomerine teeth. Maxillary very long, extending slightly beyond head. Head everywhere finely speckled with black, the body more coarsely and irregularly spotted; pectoral finely and closely speckled, its edge plain; ventral fin dusky, similarly marked; dorsal without large black blotch, finely spotted, the spots behind gradually forming the boundaries of white ocelli, the base of the fins having rings of white around black spots, the upper part with dark rings around pale spots; caudal with pale spots, its edge, like that of the dorsal, somewhat dusky, not black; anal with a broad, blackish edge, and with dark spots, those near the base of the fin largest; lining membrane of maxillary with the usual bands of white and inky black. Mazatlan. Only the type of this species is yet known, this description having been taken by us from the original specimen. It bears considerable resemblance to Gnathypops rhomalea, which is found in the same waters, differing in the generic character of the dilated maxillary. (punctatus, spotted.) Opisthognathus punctatus, PETERS, Berliner Monatsberichte 1869, 708, Mazatlan; Jor- DAN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, 290; JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 118, 1885. 2617. OPISTHOGNATHUS MACROGNATHUM, Poey. Head 33; depth 5. D. XI, 16; A. II, 16 or 17; P. 17; scales 100. Body moderately elongate, somewhat compressed. Head blunt anteriorly; snout very short, about as long as pupil; eye large, 4 in head; maxillary reaching slightly past edge of preopercle, but not to end of head, its length contained 3? times in length of body. Teeth rather strong, wide set, forming 2 distinct series, directed backward, especially in the upper jaw; lateral teeth of lower jaw largest; a single vomerine tooth. Gill rakers long and slender, nearly 20 below angle. Scales very small. 3030. 66 2282 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Dorsal fin low, continuous, the soft rays but little higher than the spines, which are slender and flexible, the longest 34 in head; caudal short, rounded, its length 52 in body; anal similar to soft dorsal; pectoral } as long as head, Grayish olive, much variegated with yellowish and dark olive; about 6 irregular dusky bands on the body, which extend on the dorsal fin; whitish markings on body forming roundish spots, surrounded by reticulations of grayish olive; head marbled, its posterior part, as well as the sides of the back and pectoral base, with small blackish dots; mem- brane lining inside of maxillary with 2 curved inky-black bands on a white ground; angle of mouth with a black spot; lining of opercle black; fins all variegated like the body. Florida Keys toCuba. Here described from the type of O. scaphiurum, from Garden Key, but O. macrognathum seems to be the same. (waxpos, long; yva‘Gos, jaw.) Opisthognathus macrognathus,* PoEY, Memorias, 1, 284, July, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Opisthognathus’ megastoma, GUNTHER, Cat., I, 255, September, 1860, Gulf of Mexico. (Haslar Collection.) Opisthognathus scaphiurus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 417, Garden Key, Florida (Type, No. 5936, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Dr. Whitehurst); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 943, 1883. 2618. OPISTHOGNATHUS OMMATUM, Jenkins & Evermann. Head 3; width of head 5; depth 5; eye 3 in head. D.28; A. 18; scales about 140. Body moderate, compressed, depth 4+; width behind the head 83; in length of body. Head large, its breadth equaling its depth, being 5 in length of body. Scales small, embedded; head naked, lateral line extending past middle of dorsal fin. Mouth large. Maxillary long, 14 in head; postorbital portion 2;4; in head, not extending beyond head; snout short, its length less than $ diameter of eye; distance from tip of snout to end of: maxillary 3,3; in length of body and 1} in head. Teeth in front part of each jaw in several series, on sides of jaws reduced to a single series, the outer series strong; a tooth on the vomer; gill membranes connected; the interorbital space very narrow, 11? in head. Distance from snout to origin of dorsal but little greater than length of head; space between dorsal and caudal fins } greater than length of snout; no depression between spinous and soft rays of dorsal fin, the dorsal equal- ing the anal in height, its longest ray 1; times the eye; pectorals slightly longer than ventrals, being 2 in head; breadth of pectorals 3 in head; ventrals inserted slightly in front of pectorals; caudal rounded and nar- row. Coloration: Body irregularly mottled with dark, head evenly black- ish; dorsal fin blackish on the posterior portion, with 2 rows of 4 or 5 pale spots well separated; a large ocellated spot from the third to the sixth spines, including them, greater than diameter of eye; anal fin black, with a series of pale spots on the rays, the base pale; caudal black, with 2 pale *Poey thus describes his specimens of Opisthognathus macrognathum: ‘‘Head 34 in total; depth 54; eye nearly 4, twice length of snout, 3 times interorbital width. D. XI, 16; A. 11,16. Vomer with 2 teeth; spines not pungent. Body covered with large yellowish points on a brown ground; 7 broad brown bands on sides, not reaching belly, but extend- ing to middle of dorsal, which, like the anal, has yellow points; a large black ocellus between sixth and ninth spines of dorsal; maxillary with 2 ink-black bands on a milk- white ground; pectorals, ventrals, and caudal yellowish with black points. No pyloric ceca; vertebrae 10 + 24— 34, the first 5 strong.” (Poey.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2283 spots at the base and a row of spots across the middle; lining of maxillary with bands of black and white. Bay of Guaymas; 3 specimens known. (Oupatos, eyed, from its ocellate dorsal.) Opisthognathus ommata, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 153, Guaymas. (Type, No. 39640. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) 842. GNATHYPOPS, Gill. Gnathypops, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 241 (mawillosus). This genus differs from Opisthognathus in having the maxillary of medium length and truncate behind, not extending to edge of opercle; caudal mod- erate, rounded behind. Species in form and habit agreeing closely with those of Opisthognathus. (yvadGos, jaw; Uo, below; ov, eye.) a. Body and fins spotted with black and often with pale. b. Dorsal fin with a conspicuous dusky blotch in front. c. Seales very small, about 120; dorsal rays 26. SCOPS, 2619. cc. Scales moderate, about 65; dorsal rays 15. MAXILLOSA, 2620. bb. Dorsal tin without distinct blotch in front; scales small, about 100. d. Dorsal rays about XI, 16; dark spots on head and body few. MACROPS, 2621. dd. Dorsal rays about XI, 13; dark spots on head and body numerous. e. Dorsal fin distinctly notched; lateral line not reaching middle of dorsal. F RHOMALEA, 2622. ee. Dorsal fin not notched; lateral line reaching middle of dorsal. SNYDERI, 2623. aa. Body and fins nearly uniform olive; the spots few and spare; dorsal rays 24; scales 100; no black on membrane of maxillary. MYSTACINA, 2624. 2619. GNATHYPOPS SCOPS, Jenkins & Evermann. Head 34; width of head 53, its depth 44. D. 26 (X, 16); A. 19 (II, 17); scales 3-122-40. Scales small, none on head; lateral line extending to about middle of dorsal fin; mouth large; maxillary extending beyond eye a distance 4;\; in head; snout 6} in head; teeth in bands, outer series on upper jaw rather strong; a single tooth on vomer; gill membranes con- nected. Opercle ending in along flap, which extends upward and back- ward, nearly meeting over the back in front of the dorsal fin. Eye large, 21 in head; interorbital space narrow, 11in head. No depression between the dorsal spines and the soft rays, which are scarcely distinguishable; height of dorsal equal to that of anal; ventrals inserted in front of pec- torals; pectorals equal to ventrals in length, 7 im body; caudal rounded. Coloration, in alcohol: Body pale, covered with many dark spots about the size of 3 to 6 scales; top of head with smaller dark spots; sides of head with whitish spots; dorsal fin with a black ocellated spot equal to eye on the space between second and fifth spines; remainder of fin dark, with many white spots running into each other on some portions, so as to form irregular lines; base of anal pale, the outer edge black; caudal dark with 2 whitish spots at the base, and a row of 6 white spots across the middle on alternate rays; pectorals lighter, with small whitish specks; ventrals dusky; belly pale. Guaymas; 3 specimens known, respectively 115 cm., 10 cm., and 7 cm. in length to base of caudal. This species is the 228 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. analogue of Opisthognathus ommatum, also from Guaymas. (scops, the screech owl; 6x@7, from 6x07é@, to look, in allusion to the large eyes.) Gnathypops scops, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 152,Guaymas. (Type, No. 39641, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) 2620. GNATHYPOPS MAXILLOSA (Poey). Head 32; depth 44. D. VII, 17; A. I, 13; scales 65. Body moder- ately compressed; head not very large; maxillary truncate behind, extending behind eye for a distance for about } diameter of eye, its length 12 in head; eye 3} in head. Teeth conical, curved, well separated, mostly in a single series; no teeth on yomer. Fins moderate; dorsal continuous, its spines slender; caudal short, its length } head. Color grayish olive, with 7 irregular A-shaped bars of darker, everywhere much marbled and variegated; fins all similarly marked, the ventrals dusky, the dorsal with a dusky blotch in front. Cuba, north to Florida, from which loeal- ity the specimen here described was taken. Evidently very close to the Brazilian species G. cuvieri, the eye perhaps smaller, According to Poey. Gnathypops maxillosa has the eye 4 in head; D. VIII, 18; A. II, 15; 2 teeth on vomer; spinous dorsal lower than soft dorsal; body covered with large yellow spots on a ground color of clear brown; 6 brown cross bands reaching middle of dorsal, which is variegated with yellow and reddish, as is the anal; maxillary yellowish on its posterior border, the middle blackish; other spots on the jaws; ventrals, pectoral, and caudal yellowish, the ventrals finely spotted with brown, the caudal with 5 brown bands; base of pectorals with dark spots. Vertebrie 10 + 17 = 27. (mazillosus, pertaining to the jaw. ) . Opisthognathus mazillosus, POEY, Memorias, 1, 286, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Gnathypops maxillosus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1862, 241; Porky, Synopsis, 400; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 942, 1883. 2621. GNATHYPOPS MACROPS (Poey). Head 34 in total (with caudal?); depth about 44. D. XI, 16; A. II, 15 or 16; scales 100. Eye 3} in head; maxillary extending beyond eye 3 of a diameter, 5+ in head; vomer with 6 conical teeth. Color (faded in the type) reddish olive, with round, yellowish spots and vestiges of vertical bands; dorsal and anal plain, pectorals with brown bands; jaws not spotted with brown and white. Coast of Cuba (Poey); known from 1 specimen 152 mm. long; not seen by us. According to Poey, it may not be distinct from G. maxidlosa, which in turn may possibly be the female of Opisthognathus macrognathum. This species may also be identical with the Brazilian species Gnathypops cuvieri,* but the latter has a dorsal ocel- lus and apparently larger scales. (“waxpds, large; wv, eye.) Opisthognathus macrops, PoEY, Memorias, 11, 287, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) *Gnathypops cuviert (Valenciennes). Head 31; depth 43; eye 34 in head. D. X, 18; A. II, 16; scales 70. Maxillary reaching beyond the vertical from posterior margin of orbit, 14 in head; eye 34 in head, dorsal fin not notched. Olivaceous; a large dark-blue ovate ocellate spot between the fourth and eighth dorsal spines; dorsal and anal mottled, the edge dusky posteriorly; caudal with 3 dark-bluish bands. Bahia (Valenciennes). (Named for Georges Dagobert Cuvier.) Opisthognathus cuviert, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1,504, 1836, Bahia (Coll, Blanchet) ; GUNTHER, Cat., 1, 256, 1860. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2285 2622. GNATHYPOPS RHOMALEA (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 23; depth 4. D. XI, 13; A. II, 13; scales 103 (pores fewer). Body rather robust, compressed; head very large, ovoid, thicker and deeper than body, with swollen cheeks, the occipital region high, the snout somewhat truncate, the intermediate profile forming a nearly even curve; greatest depth of head equal to its thickness and } its length. Eye not very large, 6 in head, longer than snout, about equal to the width of the flattish interorbital space. Mouth large, the maxiilary extending well beyond the eye, but not to the margin of the preopercle nor to the mandibulary joint, its posterior margin truncate; supplemental bone small, but distinct; length of maxillary from end of snout 1} in head. Teeth moderate, in both jaws, in broad bands which become narrow on the sides; outer series of teeth somewhat enlarged, especially in upper jaw; l rather small, blunt tooth on middle of vomer. Gill mem- branes scarcely connected; gill rakers long and slender, about } diameter of eye, 919; pseudobranchiz situated in a cavity above the gill arches. Head naked; scales on body small, smooth, somewhat embedded; breast naked; lateral line ceasing opposite anterior third of second dorsal; 103 seales in a longitudinal series from head to caudal. Dorsal fin high; a rather deep notch separating the spines from the soft rays; the longest spines 3 in length of head, more than 4 longer than the last spine, and scarcely lower than the soft rays. Insertion of dorsal opposite tip of the bony opercle, the opercular flap extending to opposite the third spine, last rays of dorsal and anal reaching past the base of caudal rays; caudal fin rounded, about 4 length of head; anal higher than soft dorsal, its long- est rays 21 in head; ventrals large, close together, inserted in front of ~ pectoral, 14 in head; pectorals short and broad, 14 in head. Color in spirits, olivaceous, slightly brownish above, scarcely paler below, every- where more or less tinged and mottled with greenish; head everywhere thickly and closely covered with small rounded dark-brown spots, largest above and on cheeks, where they are about as large as pin heads; smaller on lips and opercles, most thickly set on the anterior part of the head; eye thickly spotted; spots similar to those on the head extending along upper partof back, forming a vague band, which grows narrower backward and disappears opposite front of second dorsal; front side of pectoral and first 3 or 4 dorsal spines with dark spots; dorsal dusky olive, with darker clouds, and with some dark spots, especially on the spinous part; caudal and anal plain dusky or faintly marbled with paler; ventrals blackish, greenish at base; pectorals dusky green. Gulf of California, in shallow water; 1 specimen known, the type (above described) 16 inches long. This is perhaps the largest species of the genus. (/o“adéos, robust.) Opisthognathus rhomaleus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 276, Santa Maria Cove, Lower California. (Type, No. 29382. Coll. Lieut. Henry L. Nichols.) 2623. GNATHYPOPS SNYDERI, Jordan & Evermann, new species. Head 3!; depth 44. D. X, 14; A. II, 13; scales 93; 60 pores; 3 or 4 teeth on vomer; lateral line very distinct, extending to fourteenth ray of dor- sal; no notch separating the dorsals, the spines and soft rays not sepa- 2236 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. rable, the last spine not much shorter than the longest, which is 2} head; longest anal ray 2, pectoral 2}. Vertebre 10+417—27. Body olivaceous, with 5 broad faint dusky cross shades; head with many round black spots of varying sizes, some as large as pin heads, the largest below and between eyes, covering both jaws and the membrane of the maxillary, few on cheeks, most numerous on forehead; similar spots extending along side of back to end of lateral line; dorsal dusky, with 6 round dusky blotches at its base, corresponding to the dark shades on body; caudal, anal, and pectorals plain dusky olive; ventrals blackish. Gulf of California; known from 1 specimen collected by Dr. Gilbert in San Luis Gonzales Bay. The species is close to G. rhomalea, but has a different dorsal fin and lateral line. Type, No. 2014 L. 8S. Jr. Univ. Mus., about 8 inches long. (Named for John O. Snyder, curator of fishes in Leland Stanford Junior University. ) 2624. GNATHYPOPS MYSTACINA, Jordan. Head 3,4 in length (3? to tip of caudal); depth 4% (53). D. 23 or 24 (X, 14); A. II, 11; lateral line with about 54 tubes; 100 scales between gill opening and caudal. Head rather elongate, very blunt in profile; snout very short, not longer than pupil; eye large, about 34 in length; maxillary 13 in length of head, 5 in length to base of caudal, 64 in total length to tip of caudal; end of maxillary abruptly truncate, not ending in a flexible lamina, the supplemental bone well developed; lower jaw slightly included. Teeth in each jaw in a narrow band, the outer slen- der, enlarged; vomer with about 4 slender teeth; palatines toothless. Gill rakers long and slender. Gill membranes nearly separate, free from the isthmus. Scales very small; lateral line extending to below anterior part of soft dorsal, its length § that of head. Dorsal spines not distin- guishable from the soft rays, the rays apparently fewer than usual, none of them very high, the last ray 2} in head; caudal short, apparently trun- cate, 1} in head; anal rather low; pectorals 2 in head; ventrals 1}. Color nearly plain clive green, without bands or spots on body or fins; vertical fins tipped with blackish; maxillary with a faint median blackish stripe; pectoral with 2 dusky cross shades; no black or white on lining mem- brane of jaws. Length 3} inches. Deep waters of Gulf of Mexico; the few specimens known from the stomachs of Red Snappers (Neomenis aya) from the Pensacola Snapper Banks. It resembles Opisthognathus lonchu- rum, but the scales are smaller. (u“vUo7@é, mustache, from the maxillary stripe). Gnathypops mystacinus, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 37, Snapper Banks off Pensa- cola. (Coll.Jordan & Stearns. Type, 34976, U.S. Nat. Mus.) 843. LONCHOPISTHUS, Gill. Lonchopisthus, GiLu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 241 (mierognathus). <, = This genus differs from Gnathypops in the slender, compressed body, the still smaller maxillary and the lanceolate caudal fin. The single spe- cies is very rare. (Ady yn, lance; ozio%e, behind, from the form of the caudal.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2287 2625. LONCHOPISTHUS MIGROGNATHUS (Poey). Head 5 in total; depth 6. D. X, 17; A. II, 16; scales 80; eye 3 in head. Body elongate, compressed, snout short; maxillary reaching } an eye’s diameter behind the eye; no teeth on vomer; no second row of teeth in jaws; no scales on head except on cheek; lateral line almost touching profile of back. Caudal long and pointed as in Gobius oceanicus. Dark brown, paler below; 20 narrow vertical whitish bands from back to belly, the first 2 on cheek, the third on opercle; fins colored like body, except the pectorals, which are yellow, the edge orange. Vertebra 10 -+18— 28. Length 4 inches. Cuba; rare (Poey); only the types known, examined by us in the National Museum. (y7xpos, small; yva6os, jaw.) Opisthognathus micrognathus, POEY, Memorias, I, 287, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Lonchopisthus micrognathus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 241. Family CXCII]. BATHYMASTERID 2. (THE RONQUILS.) Body rather elongate, moderately compressed, covered with small, cten- oid scales. Head rather large, subconic. Eyes large. Mouth moderate, nearly horizontal, the lower jaw slightly projecting; lips full; premaxil- laries protractile, not extending to angle of the mouth; maxillary with- out supplemental bone, not slipping under the narrow preorbital. Teeth moderate, in a cardiform band in each jaw, the outer somewhat enlarged; bands of teeth on vomer and palatines. No barbels; no crests or spines on head. Branchiostegals 6. Gill membranes scarcely or broadly con- nected, free from the isthmus; gill rakers few, very short. Pseudo- branchie large. Opercular bones unarmed. Mucous pores numerous on top and sides of head, sometimes provided with fringed flaps. Lateral line conspicuous, placed high, not quite reaching the caudal fin, its scales sometimes enlarged. Dorsal fin long, continuous, moderately high, a few of the foremost rays inarticulate, none of them pungent or spine-like ; the posterior rays branched; anal fin long, similar to the dorsal; caudal convex; pectorals rather broad, their bases extending obliquely down- ward and backward, their rays all branched; ventrals slightly in front of pectorals, I, 5, close together, the inner rays longest. Skeleton well ossi- fied. Pyloric ceca few (2 or 3). No anal papilla. Vertebrie in large numbers, about 14+ 35. Three species known, from the Northern Pacific; here referred to 3 genera. The relations of the group are uncer- tain; externally they resemble the Opisthognathide, but the relation can not be close, and the number of vertebre is greatly increased. a. Gill membranes not connected below. b. Head naked; scales in lateral line not enlarged; only first 3 or 4 rays in dorsal fin unbranched; pores of head with small flaps. BATHYMASTER, 844. bb. Head scaly on cheeks; scales in lateral line enlarged; anterior 20 to 30 rays of dorsal fin unbranched; pores of head mostly without flaps. RONQUILUS, 845. aa. Gill membranes broadly connected; cheeks scaly; scales in lateral line enlarged; about 15 of anterior rays of dorsal simple. | RATHBUNELLA, 846. 2288 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 844. BATHYMASTER, Cope. Bathymaster, CoPr, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1873, 31 (signatus). Head naked; pores of head large, many of them with dermal flaps; gill membranes scarcely connected; scales of lateral line similar to the others; dorsal fin with but 3 or 4 of its anterior rays unbranched; characters otherwise included above. (favs, deep; “aérnp, searcher.) 2626. BATHYMASTER SIGNATUS, Cope. Head 3}; depth5. D.47; A. 34; scales 6-95-19; eye 44 in head; maxillary 24; snout 44; pectoral 14; ventral 2}; highest dorsal ray 23; highest anal ray 34; caudal 22. Body compressed, elongate, anterior profile convex from tip of snout to dorsal; mouth not very oblique, the maxillary reach- ing the vertical from posterior edge of orbit; snout about equal to eye; jaws equal, with bands of small conical teeth, outer row enlarged; lower jaw with a single row at the sides; well developed conical teeth on vomer and palatines. Branchiostegal membranes not united; margin of preo- percle free, furnished with 5 or 6 conspicuous mucous pores; large pores on top and sides of head, each with asmall flap; opercle ending in a flap behind; gill rakers moderately long and slender, } eye, about 7+ 18; many mucous pores on top of head and under eye; head entirely naked; dorsal and pectoral with fine scales running about halfway up the fin; anal naked; a naked strip from nape to dorsal; pectoral broad and fan- shaped, its lower rays smaller, reaching to front of anal; origin of ventral spine about the diameter in front of the lower end of pectoral base; dorsal about uniform in height for nearly its entire length, higher than anal; dorsal and anal rays about reaching to base of caudal rays; first 3 or 4 rays of dorsal simple, the others branched; caudal truncate or slightly rounded. Color almost uniform warm brown with darker shades, the fins somewhat mottled with yellowish, the anal and ventrals blackish, other fins dusky; a conspicuous black ocellated blotch on front of dorsal, covering tips of 4 or 5 spines.* Shores of southern Alaska, from Unimak * Concerning this species, Dr. Gilbert has the following note: ‘‘Bathymaster signatus is taken very abundantly in our series of shallow-water dredgings along the southern shore of the Alaskan Peninsula, and northward through Unimak Pass. The stations at which it was obtained are numbered 3211, 3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3217, 3220, 3222, and 3223, and the depth range from 34 to 56 fathoms. In addition, a very few small specimens were secured at Stations 3262, 3309, 3221 and 3333, north of the Aleutian Islands, in depths of 19 to 71 fathoms, but the species is evidently not abundantin Bering Sea. Noexamples were taken in any of the very numerous dredgings made in Bristol Bay. In life the sides are olive brown, and the upper parts show faint traces of 6 or 7 broad dusky cross bars, which correspond to or alternate with an equal number below the lateral tner the anal and ventral fins, the branchiostegal and gular membranes, the lower pectoral rays, and the snout blue black; anterior edge of orbit and front edge of preorbital light yellow; the pores on edge of preopercle, 2 pores above and behind maxillary, and 3 at upper edge of opercle, bright scarlet; a large black blotch on anterior dorsal rays; distal half of anterior portion of dorsal fin and the upper pectoral rays yellow. Outer ventral ray simple and inarticulate. followed by 5 branched rays. Only the first 2 dorsal rays spin- ous, being soft and flexible, but unjointed. The third and all following rays jointed and forked. All of the anal rays jointed. A specimen from Albatross Station 3211, 35 mm. in length to base of caudal, shows that the ventrals occupy very different positions in adults and in young. In the Jatter they are truly thoracic in position, and are inserted as much behind base of pectorals as they are located in advance of this point in adults. A specimen 65 mm. long is entirely similar to adults in this respect.” Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2289 Pass to Sitka; not uncommon in water of moderate depths. Here described from a specimen collected by the Albatross (No. 2148, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus.), Station 3214, 11 inches in length. Other specimens taken in rock pools at Sitka are dark green, almost black. (signatus, marked.) Bathymaster signatus, CopE, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1873, 31, Sitka (Coll. Prof. George Davidson) ; GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 554. 845. RONQUILUS, Jordan & Starks. Ronquilus, JORDAN & STARKs, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 838 (jordani). Cheeks scaly; scales of lateral line enlarged; anterior half of dorsal fin more or less composed of unbranched rays; mucous pores on head without conspicuous flaps; gill membranes separate. Onespecies. (on- quil, a Spanish name of the typical species, possibly from poy yos, one who grunts. ) 2627. RONQUILUS JORDANT (Gilbert). (RONQTIL.) Head 41; depth 63. D.41; A. 33; V. 1,5; P.18; scales 9246 (tubes), about 200 transverse. Body rather elongate, moderately compressed. Eye large, about as long as snout, 4 in head, its diameter much more than the interocular space; maxillary extending to below front of pupil; cheeks closely scaly; rest of head entirely naked; a narrow, naked area in front of dorsal, bounded by rows of mucous pores; skull with large mucous cavities behind the eyes, which are translucent in life; scales of lateral line enlarged, twice as far apart as the others. Dorsal fin inserted at a distance behind the occiput, less than the diameter of the eye; pec- torals 2 the length of the head; fourth ray of ventrals longest; vent much nearer snout than root of caudal; vertebrae 14-+35—49; olivaceous, tinged with brown; about 8 round, faint-bluish blotches along the sides, each surrounded by rings of yellow spots; a yellow ring around the eye and a yellow band along the cheek; fins translucent, the anal with a yel- lowish strip and a deep-bluish or black edging; dorsal reddish or yellow, with a dusky blotch in front; ventrals dusky; pectorals with the lower rays blackish or dark blue, larger specimens nearly uniformly dark, the color varying with the surroundings. Bristol Bay to Puget Sound, about rocks, in water of moderate depth. Length 6 to 10 inches. Known from Seattle and from Wrangel and Bristol Bay, the latter specimen in 32 fathoms. (Named for its discoverer, David Starr Jordan.) Bathymaster signatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 623, 1883; not B. signatus, COPE. Bathymaster jordani, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 554, Elliott Bay at Seattle (Coll. Jordan) and Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Coll. Albatross.) Ronquilus jordani, JORDAN & STARKS, Proc. Cal, Ac. Sci. 1895, 838, pl. 99. 846. RATHBUNELLA, Jordan & Evermann. Rathbunella, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 463, 1896 (hypoplectus). This genus differs from Ronquilus in having the gill membranes broadly united across the isthmus. The unbranched anterior rays form about } 2290 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, of the dorsal fin. (Named for Mr. Richard Rathbun, then chief of the Division of Scientific Inquiry in the U.S. Fish Commission, in recognition of his many services to science. ) 2628. RATHBUNELLA HYPOPLECTA (Gilbert). Head 43 in length; depth7. D.46; A.33. Head and body compressed, elongate, the anterior profile of head compressed, declivous; mouth some- what oblique, at lower side of snout, small, the maxillary reaching vertical from middle of pupil, 3} in head; snout very slightly shorter than orbit, 41 in head; diameter of orbit 4 in head; teeth well developed, in broad bands on jaws, vomer and palatines, the vomer and palatine patches nearly continuous; branchiostegal membranes broadly united, free from isthmus, forming a fold whose depth exceeds } diameter of orbit. Margin of preopercle adnate behind, slightly free below, furnished with a series of 6 conspicuous mucous pores; head without spines, ridges or filaments; inner margin of shoulder girdle conspicuously notched above and below, but without hook; gill rakers tubercular, few in number; a well-marked slit behind last gill. Distance from nape to front of dorsal fin equals its distance from posterior border of eye; anterior 10 or 12 dorsal rays simple and apparently not articulate, but flexible and not spine-like; distance from front of anal to base of ventrals 24 in its distance from base of caudal, all but first 4 of dorsal rays, and all of anal rays forked at tip; dorsal not high, the longest rays } head; highest anal ray equals snout and + eye; last dorsal and anal rays entirely disconnected from caudal, leaving a free space on caudal peduncle $ diameter of orbit; ventrals I, 5, in advance of base of pectorals, narrowly triangular, the inner rays long- est; pectorals with curved base running backward and downward, the rays all branched, 18 in number, the width of base of fin 3+ in head, the longest ray 14 in head; caudal rounded, % length of head. Body covered with small, partially embedded, cycloid scales, including antedorsal region, belly, breast, and area in front of base of pectorals; cheeks cov- ered with similar but smaller scales, the opercles and rest of head naked. Lateral line running high, parallel with back, on a series of enlarged scales, which are also partly embedded in the thick skin; the lateral line fails to reach base of caudal by a distance equaling + of head, and is pres- ent on 82 scales. Color, dark olive-brown above, lighter below; a series of about 12 quadrate dark blotches below lateral line, connected more or less by dusky streaks with an alternating series along base of dorsal; no bright colors; dorsal, pectorals, ventrals and branchiostegal membranes dusky straw color; anal black, the rays white tipped; caudal blackish; peritoneum white. A single specimen, 8 inches long, from Albatross Sta- tion 2944, off Santa Barbara Islands, in 30 fathoms. Bathymaster hypoplectus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 97, off Santa Barbara Isl- ands, California, at Albatross Station 2944. (Coll. Albatross.) Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America, 2291 Family CXCIII. CHIASMODONTID. (THe BLack SWALLOWERS.) Body elongate, subcylindrical, or slightly tapering; head subconic. Skin naked; lateral line continuous, placed low; 2 dorsal fins, the first rather short, of slender spines, the second dorsal and anal long; ventrals normal, thoracic, inserted before pectorals, the rays I, 5; pectorals long and narrow; mouth very deeply cleft, reaching beyond the eyes, with numer- ous long, sharp, movable teeth, the anterior canines movable; teeth on palatines; upper jaw not protractile, the maxillary produced backward. Opercular apparatus very oblique and reduced; no spines or cirri on head; caudal fin forked. Genera 2; species 2; deep-sea fishes, notable for the sharp teeth and for the extensible stomach. (Chiasmodontida, Gill, in Jor- dan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 964, 1883.) a. Jaws with some of the anterior canines extremely long and movable, the 2 anterior ; crossing each other; lower jaw projecting. CHIASMODON, 847. aa. Jaws with slender, close-set teeth, none of them greatly produced; lower jaw not prominent. PSEUDOSCOPELUS, 848. 847. CHIASMODON, Johnson. (BLACK SWALLOWERS.) Chiasmodon, JOHNSON, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1863, 408 (niger). Chiasmodus, GUNTHER, change of spelling. Body elongate, compressed, and tapering posteriorly, naked; belly pend- ent, its walls membranaceous, capable of great dilation. Mouth very large; lower jaw longer than upper; each jaw with 2 series of large, pointed teeth, some of the anterior being very large and movable; vomer- ine teeth none; palatines with teeth similar to those in the jaws. Gills 4. No pseudobranchix. Gill openings very wide, the membranes joined to the isthmus for a short distance. Dorsal fins 2; anal single; ventrals inserted below pectorals, each of 5 soft rays. Tail truncate at base of caudal. Caudal forked, free from dorsal and anal. Singular fishes of the deep sea, remarkable for their ability to swallow fishes of many times their own size by means of the great distensibility of the walls of the body. (yiaoua, a mark of the form of the letter x; odovs, tooth; the 2 anterior canines crossing each other when depressed. ) 2629. CHIASMODON NIGER, Johnson. Head 31. D.XI-28; A.27; P.13; V.5. Head compressed, elongate, the crown flat, its depth less than } its length; maxiliary reaching angle of preopercle; both jaws armed with long, pointed, wide-set teeth, nearly all of which are movable; 2 anterior teeth of upper jaw very long, cross- ing each other when depressed; 3 anterior pairs of teeth in lower jaw 2292 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, likewise prolonged, the third pair the longest; palatines with a longer, fixed tooth in front. Eye moderate, above the anterior part of maxillary, 44 in head, shorter than snout, as wide as interorbital space. Lateral line in a longitudinal groove. First dorsal of slender rays, its base 2} in in that of second dorsal; anal commencing behind second dorsal, its ante- rior rays without connection with vertebral column; posterior rays of anal and dorsal very feeble; pectoral as long as head without snout; ven- tral } as long as pectoral. Color entirely black. Length 12 inches. (Giinther.) Deep waters of the Atlantic; a remarkable fish, the walls of the body inordinately extensible; taken at Madeira, in the mid-Atlantic, near the island of Dominica, and off the coast of Massachusetts.* (niger, black.) Chiasmodon niger, JOHNSON, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1863, 408, Madeira; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 964; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 292, 1896. Chiasmodus niger, GUNTHER, Cat., V, 435, 1864; CARTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, 38; GUNTHER, Challenger Report, Deep Sea Fishes, xxi, 99, 1887. 848. PSEUDOSCOPELUS, Liitken. Pseudoscopelus, LiiTKEN, Spolia Atlantica, Scopelini, 64, 1892 (scriptus). Body perciform, scaleless, naked; mouth very large; eyes moderate; the slender maxillary reaching far beyond eye; jaws and palate with slender, close-set teeth; ventral fins short, subthoracic, of 1 spine and 5 rays; first dorsal short, of about 8 slender spines; posterior dorsal long, similar to the anal. Each jaw with a distinct line of pores, a median line of pores before ventrals, a cross line connecting ventrals, a series of pores from the vent passing around anal on each side. Lateral line well devel- oped, running high. Head without spines. Gill openings very broad. Pectorals long; caudal short, forked. One species known, in deep water. (wevdns, false; Scopelus.) 2630. PSEUDOSCOPELUS SCRIPTUS, Liitken. Head 31; depth 43. D. VIII-22; A. 22; V. I, 5. Body subfusiform, somewhat compressed. Head large, the snout short and pointed, 44 in head, the small eye, about 5. Jaws subequal, maxillary 14 in head; cheek V-shaped, very oblique; bones of head not serrate. Form of head-and mouth much as in HLngraulis or Scopelus. Pectoral nearly as long as head, reaching past front of anal; soft dorsal higher than spinous, the anterior rays of soft dorsal and anal elevated. Pores as above described. * The first specimen of this remarkable fish was obtained at Magdalena (Madeira), at a depth of 312 fathoms, in 1850, by Lowe, who, however, omitted to give a description of it. The species was rediscovered at the same locality by Johnson twelve years later. A third specimen was picked up from the surface, near the island of Dominica. A fourth example was obtained by the Challenger in mid-Atlantic, at Station 107, in 1,500 fathoms, on August 26, 1873. A fifth was obtained by the U.S. National Museum from Capt. Thomas F. Hodgdon of the Gloucester schooner Bessie W. Somers. It was found on Le Have Bank, floating on the surface, in June, 1880. (Goode & Bean.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2293 One specimen from Old Bahama Straits. (Liitken.) A singular fish of uncertain relationships, remarkable for the development of mucous pores. (scriptus, written. ) Pseudoscopelus scriptus, LUTKEN, Spolia Atlantica, Scopelini, 64, 1892,Old Bahama Straits. Family CXCIV. CHANICHTHYID2. Body rather elongated, gradually and regularly declining from the nape to the caudal fin; anteriorly subcylindrical or scarcely compressed. Skin naked or covered with small scales. Lateral line high on the sides and near the dorsal fin. Head moderate or large, with the snout prolonged, depressed, and spatuliform. Crown depressed, not relieved by crests or ridges. Preorbital bones large; suborbital chain very narrow, not artic- ulated with the preopercle. Opercular bones all present, the interopercle and subopercle moderately developed. Mouth terminal, with the cleft lateral and large, extending to the vertical of the eye; upper jaw with its border formed almost entirely by the premaxillaries, whose posterior processes are very short; maxillaries with their articulations entirely posterior to the premaxillaries, slender and gradually enlarged toward their extremities. Teeth on the jaws; palate unarmed. Gill openings wide; gill membranes inferiorly deeply emarginated behind. Branchio- stegals 6. Pseudobranchie developed. Dorsal fin with its spinous por- tion short, and usually distinct from the soft, the rays of the latter often simply articulated and not branched; anal fin a little shorter than the dorsal, its rays divided, the membrane notched behind each; caudal fin not forked; pectoral fins well developed, with their inferior rays divided; ventral fins jugular or subjugular, separated by a rhom- boid area, each with a spine and 5 rays, the first of which is frequently thickened and entire. Cranium flattened behind, the crests little devel- oped or obsolete. The spatuliform snout is principally formed by the elongated frontal bones. Stomach of moderate size and cecal. Pyloric ceca in very small number. The chief distinctive characteristic of this family is doubtless the spatuliform extensions of the snout. This, com- bined with the extent of the fins, structure of the head, and general form, distinguish the group from all others. It appears to be most closely allied to the Harpagiferide and Notothenide, From the former it is sepa- rated by the form of the head, as well as by that of the body. From the latter, by the same features, and also by the naked skin. (Gill.) Genera 3 or 4, with about 6 species; inhabiting rather deep waters, mostly in the Tropics. (Chenichthyoide, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 507.) a. Body covered with cycloid, deciduous scales; maxillary with a flap; opercle with a dermal flap. HYPSICOMETES, 849. 849. HYPSICOMETES, Goode. Hypsicometes, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 347 (goboides). Body elongate, subeylindrical, tapering posteriorly. Head very large, much depressed, with snout elongate, spatulate; cleft of mouth very wide, 2294. Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. horizontal, with lower jaw much the longer; the posterior margin of the maxillary wide, free, and with a long cutaneous flap. Eyes very large, close together, subvertical. Scales large, cycloid, deciduous; lateral line conspicuous and continuous, descending abruptly behind pectorals, its scales smaller than those of the body adjoining. ‘Teeth acicular, in bands on the jaws, vomer, and palatines, the largest being upon the palatines, the vomer, and upon 2 pads on either side of the symphysis of the maxil- laries. A sharp, short, strong scapular spine. Orpercle with 3 feeble, sharp spines, each at the end of a strong feeble ridge; a long, skinny opercular flap extending far beyond the bony portion, and covered with scales. Branchiostegals 6. Gill membranes free from the isthmus, except far in front, where they are united to it, the left-hand flap overlapping the right at the point of junction. Pseudobranchie present. Gill rakers short. (v1, below, i. e., in deep water; xcu7rTns, dweller.) 2631. HYPSICOMETES GOBOIDES, Goode. Head about 2}; depth 74; orbit 44 in head, or 1}in snout. D. VI-15 to 17; A. 16 to 18; V. 1,5; P. 26; scales 65. Mouth very wide, horizontal, the maxillary, which is expanded spoon-like posteriorly, reaching con- siderably beyond vertical from anterior margin of orbit; eye consid- erably nearer tip of snout than end of flap, and equidistant between tip of snout and tip of uppermost spine of operculum; entire upper sur- face of head, cheeks, and opercula covered with scales, except upon bony portion of snout; first dorsal fin placed far forward, not far behind vertical from axil of pectoral; interspace between termination of first dorsal and beginning of second equal to diameter of the orbit, this fin composed of 6 spines, the first and second of which are longest, equal to distance from anterior margin of orbit to tip of lower jaw, and tri- angular in form; origin of second dorsal almost vertical from that of anal, and terminating a little in advance of the latter; second dorsal fin highest in front and low behind; length of caudal peduncle a little less than length of snout; caudal rounded; pectoral very broad at base, rounded, extending beyond vent and nearly to vertical from origin of anal; lower rays branched; ventrals far apart, horizontal, Trigla-like, composed of 1 flexible spine and 5 branched rays, their insertion far forward and far in advance of base of pectorals. Color grayish brown; lighter and yellowish below. Known only from a very small specimen, in which many of the important characters were not discernible. This specimen (No. 26007, U.S. Nat. Mus.) was taken by the Fish Hawk from Station 871, in 40° 02’ 54”’ N. lat., 70° 23’ 40’ W. lon., at a depth of 115 fathoms, and is much con- tracted and distorted from immersion in strong alcohol. (Goode.) (Gobius; €760s, resemblance. ) Hypsicometes goboides, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 348, lat. 40°, 02/, 54/’ N.. lon. 70° 23/ 40’ W., in 115 fathoms (Coll. Fish Hawk); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 808, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 290, fig. 268, 1896. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2295 Family CXCV. TRICHODONTID. (THE SAND-FISHES. ) Body rather elongate, compressed, naked. Head short, flat on top, the sides vertical. Eyes large, high up, but not superior. Mouth large, almost vertical; lower jaw projecting, its tip entering the protile; lips fringed; premaxillaries protractile; maxillary very broad, without sup- plemental bone, not slipping under the very narrow preorbital. Teeth moderate, slender and sharp, but not setiform, in bands on jaws and vomer; palatines toothless; inner teeth of jaws depressible. Gill rakers short, slender; gill membranes narrowly united, free from the isthmus. Branchiostegals 5. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Pseudobranchiae large. Preopercle with 5 prominent spines, the 2 upper directed strongly upward, the 2 lower downward, the middle 1 downward and backward; no barbels; opercle small, strongly striate, unarmed; preorbital with spines; no suborbital stay. Lateral line obsolete. Dorsal fins separate, the first the larger, of numerous slender spines; anal fin elongate, with- out distinct spines, the rays of anterior third of the fin much shorter than the others, the beginning of the fin below middle of spinous dorsal; pectorals with a very broad, curved, procurrent base; a broad lunate area between pectoral and gill opening, nearly covered by the opercle; soft rays of dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins all simple; ventrals I, 5, close together, thoracic, but behind the pectorals, the middle rays longest; caudal lunate, with many accessory rays, on a slender peduncle. Verte- bre numerous, 48 in typical species. Two genera and 2 species known; from the North Pacific; living in sand near the shore. The fringed lips and other characters indicate the relationship of these fishes with the Uranoscopide. (Trachinide, genus Trichodon, Giinther, Cat., 11, 250.) a. First dorsal long and rather low, of 14 or 15 spines. TRICHODON, 850. aa. First dorsal short and high, of 10 spines. ARCTOSCOPUS, 851. 850. TRICHODON (Steller) Cuvier. (SAND-FISHES. ) Trichodon, STELLER, in Tilesius, Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, ry, 1811, 468 (trichodon). Trichodon, CuviER, Régne Animal, Ed. 1, vol. 2, 149, 1829 (trichodon). Characters of the genus included above, the first dorsal long and rather low, of 15 spines. One species. (9p7é, hair; dd0vs, tooth.) 2632. TRICHODON TRICHODON (Tilesius). (SAND-FISH.) Head from tip of upper jaw, 3#; depth3}. D. XIII-I,18; A. 28; P. 22; eye 44 in head, snout 44; maxillary 2; interorbital 3; pectoral 1}; ventral 13; height of spinous dorsal 3}. Body moderately elongate, compressed ; dorsal outline slightly concave and sloping gently upward from snout to dorsal, thence turning at a very slight angle nearly straight to caudal; 2296 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ventral outline well rounded from chin to caudal peduncle, the curve much more gradual posteriorly; head and body everywhere covered with thin naked skin. Mouth large, superior, nearly vertical, the lower jaw projecting, its tips entering the profile; lips fringed; maxillary reaching to middle of pupil; teeth in 2 or 3 rows, small, sharp and recurved; teeth on vomer; palatines toothless. Eyes placed high, their diameter equal to length of snout; interorbital wide and flat, a third wider than eye; top of head smooth, sometimes rugose in younger individuals, covered with thin smooth skin; anterior nostril ending in a tube; preopercle with 5 spines, the 1 at angle largest, the 2 upper ones pointing upward and backward, the middle one pointing downward and backward, the 2 lower ones pointing downward and forward; opercle with radiating ridges; gill rakers short and slender, numerous. Origin of spinous dorsal behind base of pectoral, its distance from snout 3 in body, the spines not varying greatly in length, the last one connected by a membrane to the back; soft dorsal well separated from spinous, its rays about equal to spines in length, highest in front; anal long, its origin nearer to the snout than base of caudal by a distance equal to the length of the eye. Pec- toral, when spread, broadly rounded behind, its lower rays rapidly decreas- ing in size below, reaching well past front of anal; ventrals inserted behind base of pectorals a distance equal to } eye, their tips reaching to vent. Lateral line running high. Vertebre 17+ 30=47. Color silvery, light brown above; a dark brown streak following the lateral line, broken up into spots anteriorly; quadrangular, dark brown marks along the back at base of dorsals, chain-like markings in front of dorsal on nape; snout and tip of lower jaw dark; a dark line at lower part of eye; dorsals light, a dark streak along upper part of spinous dorsal; pectorals dusky; ventrals and anal colorless. Length 8 to 10 inches. North Pacific, on sandy shores, from Bering Sea to Monterey; very abundant northward; burying in the sand. Here described from a specimen, 8} inches in length, from Herendeen Bay, Alaska (Albatross collection). Possibly detailed comparison may show a difference between California specimens and those from Bering Sea. Trachinus trichodon, T1LEsius,* Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, Iv, 1811, pl. 15, fig. 8, 473, Kamchatka; PALLAS, Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, 11, 235, 1811.t * The specific name trichodon should apparently date from Tilesius, 1811. Although Vol. 1v, of the Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg bears the date 1813 it was for the year 1811, and it is evident that the plate containing the figure of this species was accessible to Pallas as early as 1811, for, in his ‘‘ Zoographia,”’ printed in 1811, though not published until 1831, Pallas refers to the plate of Tilesius in very definite terms. The fact that Pallas was, in 1811, thus able to refer definitely to Tilesius’s plate of Trachinus trichodon, fixes the date of publication of that plate at least as early as 1811. That this plate appeared in the volume of Memoirs for 1811 (though the volume was not published until 1813), fixes 1811 as the date for the name. Though the “ Zoographia” of Pallas was not formally published until 1831, it was printed in 1811, and Cuvier & Valenciennes evidently had a copy in 1829, as they refer to it. + Tilesius confused matters greatly by using, in one and the same article, three different names or combinations of names for this fish. At the beginning of this article (p. 406) in a bald list of the species discussed in the paper, he has ‘‘Drachinus trichodon.”’ On page . 466 he has ‘‘ Trachinus gasteropelecus,”’ accompanied by a full description of the species. In a footnote on page 473, he has * Trachinus trichodon’” together with a description which he says applies to the young, and finally his pl. 15, fig. 8, is marked ‘‘Trachinus tricho- on. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2297 Drachinus trichodon, TILESIus, Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, rv, 1811, 406; name only. Trachinus gasteropelecus, TILESIUS, l. c., 466, 1811, Kamchatka. ‘Trichodon stelleri, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 154, pl. 57, 1829; based on Trachinus trichodon PALLAS; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 251, 1860; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synop- sis, 627, 1883. Trichodon lineatus, AYERS, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860,60, San Francisco; D. XV-18; A. 28; P.23. 851. ARCTOSCOPUS, Jordan & Evermann. Arctoscopus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 464, 1896 (japonicus). This genus differs from Trichodon in the short, high, triangular spinous dorsal which is composed of 10 spines. (a@pxros, northern; 6xo70s, gazer; for Uranoscopus. ) : 2633. ARCTOSCOPUS JAPONICUS (Steindachner). Head 33; depth 33. D. X or XI-13; A. 30 or 31; P. 25. Form of body and coloration of Trichodon trichodon. First dorsal high, triangular, the spines slender, separated by a long interval from the second dorsal. Pre- opercle with 5 sharp spines; the 2 spines on the preorbital very small. Pectoral well developed, all its rays simple, the lower a little thickened, the fin considerably longer than the head and reaching past the last spine of the dorsal; anal fin with its rays gradually longer posteriorly. Denti- tion as in Trichodon trichodon, but the mouth rather more oblique. Length 4tinches. North Pacific; scarce. Recorded from Strietok, in the Sea of Japan, and Sitka, Alaska, by Steindachner, and by Jordan & Gilbert from Iturup Island (Kurils). (japonicus, from Japan.) Trichodon japonicus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., x, 4, 1881, Strietok; Sitka; JORDAN, Cat. Fishes N. A., 117, 1885. Arctoscopus japonicus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Investig., 1898. Family CXCVI. DACTYLOSCOPIDA. (THE SAND STAR-GAZERS. ) Body oblong, low, compressed posteriorly, covered with moderate, cycloid, imbricated scales; lateral line complete, anteriorly running along side of back, posteriorly median; head oblong, nearly plane above; eyes small, superior, well forward; suborbital bones enlarged, but without bony stay connecting with the preopercle; nostrils double; opercles fringed; mouth nearly vertical; premaxillaries protractile, not forming the entire edge of the upper jaw; lips fringed as in Uranoscopide; gill openings very broad, the membranes separated and free from the isthmus, pseudobranchiew present or obsolete. Dorsal fin very long, continuous or divided, several of the anterior rays spinous; anal very long, commencing close behind the vent, which is near the breast; caudal diphycercal, free from dorsal and anal; pectorals variable, the base broad and procurrent; ventrals jugular, I, 3; vertebree more than 10+ 14; pyloric cca none. Genera 4; species about 10; small fishes living on sandy shores of tropical 3030——67 2298 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. America. This family is nearly related to Uranoscopida, of which group it seems to be a reduced or degenerate branch. Its relations with the Asiatic family Leptoscopide are most intimate, the incomplete ventrals and simple pectoral rays of Dactyloscopide being the chief distinctive features. (Dactyloscopida, Gill, Arrangm. Families Fishes, 1872.) a. Dorsal fin divided, the first dorsal composed of 3 spines inserted on the nape; head not cuboid; chin without flap; fringes of lips small. GILLELLUS, 852. aa. Dorsal fin continuous. b. Dorsal fin commencing at the nape; pseudobranchixe very small or obsolete; head cuboid. DACTYLOSCOPUS, 853. bb. Dorsal fin commencing far behind the nape; pseudobranchiz well developed. c. Head cuboid, formed as in Dactyloscopus; the mouth vertical. DACTYLAGNUS, 854. cc. Head elongate-conoid, the lower jaw projecting, with a fleshy flap at tip. MYXODAGNUs, 855. 852. GILLELLUS, Gilbert. Gillellus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 98 (semicinctus). A separate dorsal fin on the nape composed of 3 spines, Lateral line descending posteriorly, its dorsal and median portions about equal. Fringes of upper lip obsolete, those of lower lip little evident. Head not cuboid, the mouth moderately oblique, the lower jaw rounded in front and without symphyseal flap. The physiognomy is intermediate between Dactyloscopus and Myxodagnus, from each of which the genus is well sep- arated by the characters of the dorsal fin and the lateral line. (‘‘ Named in honor of Dr. Theodore Gill, to whom we owe our knowledge of the pre- viously described members of this most interesting group.” Gilbert.) a. Vip of lower jaw projecting. b. Anterior portion of lateral line longer than posterior portion; the scales 25 to 28 + 8 +15 to 18=43 to 49. D. IDI-IX, 28; A. II, 30 or 31. SEMICINCTUS, 2634. bb. Anterior portion of lateral line much shorter than posterior portion, 2} times in the latter; scales 18 + 3-+27=—48. D. II-IX, 31; A. II, 35. ARENICOLA, 2635. aa. Tip of lower jaw scarcely projecting; anterior portion of lateral line 14 times in eposterior. D. I-LX, 31; A. IT, 34. ORNATUS, 2636. 2634. GILLELLUS SEMICINCTUS, Gilbert. Head 33; depth 54. D.ILI-IX or X, 28; A. II, 30 or 31; scales 25 to 28- 3-15 to 18 (48 to 49 scales in all). Body deep, tapering rapidly either way from front of dorsal. Mouth moderately oblique, the maxillary extending beyond orbit, 3 in head; tip of lower jaw projecting; teeth in a narrow band in front of jaws, becoming a single series laterally; none of the teeth enlarged. Opercular fringes well developed, 8 or 9 in number; fold of membrane between rami of lower jaw well developed; pseudobranchize apparently not developed; gill rakers obsolete. Dorsal fin beginning at a distance from occiput less than diameter of eye, the first 3 rays en- tirely detached from the rest of the fin, the first ray the highest, the second and third shortened; of the remaining part of the fin the first 9 or il aati is Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2299 10 rays are unarticulated and spinous; first 2 anal rays not articulated; caudal about 1} in head; pectorals 14. Lateral line running anteriorly along the very base of spinous dorsal, no scales intervening between it and base of fin; it descends to middle of sides posteriorly, the median portion of its length shorter than the dorsal portion. Color light oliva_ ceous, the back with 6 broad cross bars of pink, narrowly margined be- hind and in front with blackish, terminating below on middle of sides; the lower of these bars frequently black; a black bar across caudal pe- duncle, and sometimes a black line at base of caudal; along median line of sides frequently a series of small black spots alternating with the cross bars; a similar series along median dorsal line; a large pink blotch covering occiput; a “dusky bar across interorbital space, running down- ward and backward across cheek; silvery spots and blotches on cheeks and anterior portions of opercles; fins unmarked. Specimens have been obtained in the Gulf of California by the Albatross, at Stations 2827 and 2829, and by the Grampus in the Atlantic, at Stations 5108 and 5112, off the coast of Florida; no specific difference among them noticed, but the Atlantic form needs further study. (Gilbert.) (semi, half; cinctus, belted.) Gillellus semicinctus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 98, Albatross Stations 2827, 2829, Gulf of California (Coll. Albatross); JORDAN, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 229, pl. 32. 2635. GILLELLUS ARENICOLA, Gilbert. Head 4?inlength; depth8}. D.II-IX,31; A. II, 35; scales18-3-27. Body very slender and elongate, much as in Myxodagnus, the snout sharp, the mandible produced at symphysis and conspicuously projecting; labial fringes apparently obsolete; maxillary reaching vertical from middle of orbit; eye small, about equaling length of snout, 6 in head; opercular fringes nearly obsolete, 3 or 4 small ones at upper edge of opercle. An- terior dorsal inserted close behind occiput, composed of 3 rays, and sepa- rated by a short interspace from rest of fin; pectorals longer than head. Lateral line anteriorly running along base of dorsal, from which it is not separated by intervening scales, the anterior portion contained 2} times in the posterior median portion. Color light olivaceous, the head with gray- ish blotches and small pearly spots; 11 dark bars downward from back, the alternate ones narrower and fainter and not extending to middle of sides, as do the others; the margins of the larger bars darker than the median portion, the bars not continued onto dorsal fin; all the fins trans- lucent. A single specimen 14 inches long, from Cape San Lucas. (Gil- bert.) (arena, sand; colo, I inhabit.) Gillellus arenicola, GILBERT, Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus.1890, 99, Cape San Lucas. (Coll.Gilbert. 2636. GILLELLUS ORNATUS, Gilbert. Head 44 in length; depth8. D. III-IX,31; A. II, 34; scales not counted. With the elongate form and general appearance of Gillellus arenicola, but differing in the subequal jaws and in the long anterior portion of the lat- eral line. Head conical, acute, very small; jaws nearly equal, the lower slightly longer than the upper, but not noticeably protruding. In this 2300 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. respect the species resembles most strongly G. semicinctus, from which it varies widely in the general form and proportions. Snout extremely short, scarcely equaling diameter of the minute eye; diameter of orbit about 7 in head. Mouth oblique, the maxillary 4 in head, reaching nearly to vertical from posterior margin of orbit. Lips without fringes. Eyes separated by a narrow septum, the interorbital width being less than the diameter of the pupil. Opercular fringes few and small, flat, and not terminating evident ridges as in Dactyloscopus. Dorsal beginning well forward, its origin less than diameter of orbit behind the posterior line of occiput; anterior detached part of fin consisting apparently of 3 rays, the first of which is the longest, the second and third equal and short; fourth spine again longer; spines as usual slenderer than the rays, and showing no articulations, but with some difficulty discriminated from them ; pectoral aslongas head. Anterior part of lateral line running immediately along base of dorsal, without intervening scales, as in other members of this genus. It is much longer than in G. arenicola and is contained 1} times in the posterior median portiou. There are 3 scales between the posterior part of the lateral line and the base of the dorsal. Color similar to that of G. arenicola and G. semicinctus, light olivaceous, unmarked below the middle of the sides, the back and upper half of sides with 8 brown bars which extend downward to lateral line; the upper part of each bar with a lighter central area, the light areas between the bars marked more or less with brown, which sometimes forms indistinct secondary bars; a blackish bar at base of caudal, and a faint streak below eye; a large pearly blotch on opercle. A single specimen, about 2 inches long, from Albatross Station 2828 in the Gulf of California. (Gilbert.) (ornatus, adorned. ) Gillellus ornatus, GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1891, 558, Gulf of California. (Coll. Gilbert.) 853. DACTYLOSCOPUS,®* Gill. Dactyloscopus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 132 (tridigitatus). Esloscopus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 465, 1896 (zelotes). Body moderately elongate, covered with rather large, cycloid scales; head cuboid, oblong, and nearly flat above; eyessmall; interorbital space broad; mouth nearly vertical; lower jaw not dilated beneath nor emargi- nate in front, without barbels; no intralabial filament; teeth villiform, on jaws only; pseudobranchi:e very small or obsolete. Dorsal commenc- ing at the nape, with 6 or 12 slender spines, the soft rays numerous; anai *This genus is thus defined by Dr. Gill: ‘‘ Body elongate with the dorsal and abdominal outlines slowly converging to the caudal fin. Scales large, regularly imbricated. Lateral line straight, and running along the middle of the side. Head oblong, subcubical, and smooth. Preopercle entire, epercle radiately fringed behind. Mouth nearly vertical. Tongue thick, narrowed anteriorly, attached to the floor of the mouth. Labial velum without a barbel. Anus a short distance behind the base of the pectoral fins. Dorsal fin subequal, single. and very long, commencing above or before the anus and continued almost to the base of the caudal. Anal fin commencing behind the anus, and with the same form and termination as the dorsal. Caudal fin small and narrow, posteriorly sub- truncated. Pectoral fins subangular. Ventral fins jugular, closely approximated, and each with 3 stout simple and articulated rays.” Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2301 inserted behind dorsal; ventral rays I, 3. (d@urvdAos, finger; Gxo7os, gazer, short for Uranoscopus. ) DACTYLOSCOPUS: a. Dorsal rays X to XII, 22 to 31; anal rays less than 35. b. Soft dorsal with 22 soft rays; anal with 26. PECTORALIS, 2637. bb. Soft dorsal with 28 to 31 rays; anal with 32 or 33; scales about 45. c. Body rather slender, the depth about 6 inlength (7 with caudal); opercular fringe of 15 filaments. TRIDIGITATUS, 2638. cc. Body rather stout, the depth 51 in length (6 in total with caudal); oper- cular fringe of 18 filaments. d. Back not barred; head blotched and dotted. POEYI, 2639. dd. Back with about 10 pale cross bars; head marked with whitish; a dark bar at base of caudal. LUNATICUS, 2640. ESLOSCOPUS (€cAds, g00d; okomds for Uranoscopus): aa. Dorsal rays VI, 38; anal rays II, 37; scales 6-51-5. ZELOTHS, 2641. Subgenus DACTYLOSCOPUS. 2637. DACTYLOSCOPUS PECTORALIS, Gill. Head about 5 in total length with caudal; depth about 7 (in total). D. XII, 22; A. II, 26; P.12; V. 1,3. Width of head behind operculum 7 in total length with caudal; eye small, 10 in head; interorbital space equals diameter of eye; preoperculum broader at the angle than in Dactyloscopus tridigitatus; pores well developed; opercular fringe of 11 or 12 free fila- ments; origin of dorsal between + and { length of fish from tip of snout; origin of anal under sixth or seventh dorsal ray, the first 12 dorsal and 2 anal rays simple. Pseudobranchiz obsolete. Color light brownish yellow, with dark spots on the back, arranged in lines forming the out- lines of about 6 quadrangular areas, from the angles of which irregular lines proceed downward, converging toward those departing from the angles of adjoining areas; more scattered and irregular spots and dots often present below the lateral line; head lighter, diffused with pink above. Each orbit with 4 diverging bands, 1 in front, a bifurcated one from the antero-inferior angle, and 2 from posterior border, a transverse sinuated nuchal line; upper angle of operculum whitish, bounded in front by a dark line or spot. (Gill.) Cape San Lucas; not seen by us. (pee- toralis, pertaining to the breast. ) Dactyloscopus pectoralis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 267, Cape San Lucas. (Coll. John Xantus.) 2638. DACTYLOSCOPUS TRIDIGITATUS, Gill Head 5 (in total) with caudal; depth 7. D. XII, 28; A. II, 32; P. 13; V. I, 3; scales 11+4-+30—45. Body slender, much compressed posteri- orly; opercular fringe of 15 separate filaments. Origin of dorsal fin over the lower angle of the base of the pectorals, or immediately before the margin of the operculum, its distance from snout to dorsal 5 in total length of body. Pseudobranchie very small (overlooked by Dr. Gill, but evident in living specimens). In life, pale sand color above, the lower part whitish; above 12 narrow cross bands of whitish on the back, not 2302 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. extending down far on the sides; head mottled above; fins all pale. West Indies, north to Key West; rather common in coral sand in shallow water about Key West. (tres, three; digitus, finger, from the 3 ventral rays.) Dactyloscopus tridigitatus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 182, Barbados (Coll. Dr. Hill); Guu, U. c., 1861, 264; Grit, l. c., 1862, 505; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 279, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 753, 1883; JoRDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 140. 2639. DACTYLOSCOPUS POEYI, Gill. Head 5 in total length; depth 64in total. D.XI,31; A. II, 32. Body more robust than in D. tridigitatus; head plane above and obtusely angulated at the sides of the plane; thickness of the head behind the preoperculum exceeding $ of its length; interorbital space 3} diameter of eye. Eye about 7 in head; preopercle as in D., tridigitatus, pores indistinct or obso- lete; opercular fringe of about 18 filaments, the lowest of which are scarcely extended beyond the margin; origin of dorsal fin { distance from tip of snout; origin of anal fin under sixth dorsal ray; scales of moderate size and regularly imbricated. Color reddish brown, dotted with darker above the lateral line; head blotched and dotted with darker; opercles variegated; opercular bones nearly immaculate. (Gill.) Cuba; not seen by us. (Named for Prof, Felipe Poey.) Dactyloscopus poeyi, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 266, Cuba. (Coll. Felipe Poey.) 2640. DACTYLOSCOPUS LUNATICUS, Gilbert. Head (to end of opercular fringes) 3%, from tip of lower jaw to base of fringes 4; depth greater than in related species, 54in length. D.X or XI, 29 or 30; A. II, 32 or 33; scales about 11+ 4+ 30—about 45. Head cuboid, narrowed forward, the vertex gently convex; width at occiput 4+ length of head (to base of fringes on opercle). Mouth nearly vertical, maxillary 23 in head. Labial fringes short but evident. A short nasal filament. Teeth in a rather broad cardiform band on front of upper jaw, becoming narrow laterally; in lower jaw a single series, or an irregular double series anteriorly; vomer and palatines toothless. Eyes small, very close together, the interorbital width about 4 their diameter, which equals length of snout, or about 4 head. Gill lamin much reduced in size; a small round pore behind inner arch. Gill rakers obsolete; pseudo- branchie small but evident. Opercular fringes composed of 18 fila- ments. Dorsal beginning at a distance behind occiput equaling diameter of orbit, its anterior rays but partly joined by membrane, the first 10 or 11 slender and not articulated, the last ray distant from base of caudal about a diameter of orbit; origin of anal under sixth dorsal spine, the 2 anterior rays not articulated; pectorals short, 13 in head, con- taining 14 or 15 rays; caudal very small, with 10 developed rays, its length 2} in head. Lateral line running high in its anterior portion, declining on 3 or 4 scales, the posterior portion on middle of sides with 29 or 30 tubes; 4 scales between median portions of lateral line and base of dorsal. Color light olivaceous, a dark streak along back, 1 Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2303 along middle of sides, and a fainter one along base of anal, formed by darker margins to the scales; median dorsal line with 10 or 11 more or iess evident narrow pearly white cross bars; top of head and front of mandible colored like the back, the pearly blotches varying in size and shape, but symmetrically arranged, many of them narrowly edged with black; nasal tentacle white; white streaks on preopercle; caudal with a narrow black barat base. Gulf of California. Three specimens, the longest 3 inches, from Albatross Stations 2797 and 3012, the latter in 22 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (lunaticus, moon-struck. ) Daetyloscopus lunaticus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 99, Gulf of California. (Coll, Albatross.) Subgenus ESLOSCOPUS, Jordan & Evermann. 2641. DACTYLOSCOPUS ZELOTES, Jordan & Gilbert, new species. Head 44 in length; depth 63. D.VI,38; A. II, 37; V.3; scales 6-51-5; B. 6. Head and body slender, compressed, the greatest width at occiput, $ length of head; the greatest depth immediately behind insertion of anal fin, thence tapering to a very narrow tail. Head narrow, cuboid, compressed, the upper surface nearly plane, the cheeks vertical. Eyes very small, superior, with little lateral range; diameter of orbit about + length of head; snout very short, about equaling orbit; anterior nostril in a short tube; gape subvertical, the lower jaw very heavy, projecting; as in Uranoscopus; premaxillaries protractile, the processes reaching far behind orbits; lips fringed; both jaws with bands of villiform teeth; no teeth on tongue, vomer, or palatines. Subopercle and interopercle very wide, flexible, striate, the latter overlapping throat and base of ventral fins, the former wholly covering base of pectoral fins; the striations of opercle terminate posteriorly in a wide, coarse, membranaceous fringe; branchiostegal membranes not united, free from the isthmus; pubie bones forming a sharp projection at throat; no pseudobranchie; gills small, a round pore behind the fourth. Dorsal beginning on the nape, its dist:.nce from snout about equaling depth of body, the first 6 rays shorter than those following and not connected by membrane; as no traces of articula- tion can be found, they are probably flexible spines, but are not clearly differentiated from those immediately following; origin of anal under fourth dorsal spine; caudal distinct, narrow, short; ventrals inserted under anterior margin of preopercle; ventrals 2 in head; pectorals 14. Seales large, with entire edges, wanting on head, breast, and region behind pectoral fins. Lateral line beginning at upper posterior angle of opercle, running parallel with the back on about 12 scales, then obliquely downward to middle of body. Color in spirits, light olivaceous, the edg- ings of the scales, some vermiculations on top of head, and the labial fringes clear brown; fins translucent, the caudal with a brown bar at base; eyes dark. Length 3} inches. Panama; 1 specimen known. The present description copied from the original in Proc. Nat. Mus. 1882, 628, (Cyre@rns, an imitator, from its resemblance to Dactylagnus mundus.) Dactyloscopus, sp. nov., JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 628, Panama. Dactyloscopus zelotes, JORDAN & GILBERT, new species (MS. 1882), Panama (Coll. Capt. Dow). 2304 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 854. DACTYLAGNUS, Gill. Dactylagnus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 505 (mundus). Body moderately elongated, covered with rather large and uniform scales. Head cuboid, oblong, scarcely convex transversely above. Eyes small, directed obliquely upward, and situated near the snout on the upper surface of the head. Interorbital area moderate and channeled. Mouth very oblique or subvertical, the snout truncated in front; lower jaw transversely convex in front and with no barbel; teeth acute, in a narrow band along each jaw; palate smooth. Dorsal fin perfectly entire, commencing rather farther behind than the anal, aud with its anterior portion armed with about 10 slender spines; anal fin longer than the dorsal. This genus closely resembles Dactyloscopus externally. It differs from the latter genus chiefly in the structure of the dorsal fin and the well-developed pseudobranchie. (daxrvdAos, finger; €yvos, Agnus, an old name of Uranoscopus scaber.) 2642. DACTYLAGNUS MUNDUS, Gill. Head 44; depth 63. D.X,31; A.II,38; scales 2-48-10; eye 6 in head; maxillary 28; snout equals eye; highest dorsal spine 3; highest anal ray 21; pectoral equals head; caudal 12. Body elongate, compressed, taper- ing posteriorly; upper profile of head nearly horizontal, slightly convex ; eyes superior, looking upward; interorbital narrow, concave; lower jaw strongly projecting, mouth nearly vertical; teeth small and conical, in nar- row bands, widest in front; vomer and palatines toothless; lips furnished with labial fringes about as long as diameter of eye; nostril ending in a tube; preopercle entire; opercle fringed on its upper edge, a flap of skin downward from opercle covers the branchiostegals; pseudobranchi pres- ent; gill rakers not developed; head and belly naked; fins naked. Lat- eral line running near the back through 14 scales, deflected on 4, and thence continued along the middle through 36. Dorsal low, long, and continuous, distance from its origin to tip of snout 3% in body; anal similar, slightly higher and longer; posterior rays of dorsal and anal reaching to base of caudal rays; upper rays of pectoral the longest, reaching to the vertical from tenth anal ray, the lower rays short, gradu- ated, tip of fin slightly curved up; origin of ventrals in front of pecto- rals, the inner rays the longest, reaching about to vent; caudal truncate, or very slightly rounded. Color in spirits, light brown above, white below, each scale on back with a dark brown spot; top of head with a few brown spots; fins colorless. Length 44 inches. Gulf of California. Here described from specimens collected by the Albatross at Carmen Island, Gulf of California; the type from Cape San Lucas. (mundus, neat.) Dactylagnus mundus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 505, Cape San Lucas. (Coll. Xantus.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2305 855. MYXODAGNUS,* Gill. Myxodagnus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 269 (opereularis). This genus differs from Dactyloscopus in the form of the head, which is elongate-conoid, the lower jaw obtusely pointed and provided with a short flap in front. The pseudobranchie are well developed and the dorsal fin commences far behind the nape. One species known. (Myzxodes, a genus of blennies, which this fish resembles in form; Agnus, @yvos, an old name of Uranoscopus scaber.) 2643. MYXODAGNUS OPERCULARIS, Gill. Head 5 without lower jaw; depth 7. D. 36; A. II, 36; scales 244-9; pectorals equal head; ventrals 1#; caudal 14. The body is deepest at front of dorsal fin, tapering regularly to the caudal fin, Head elongated, acutely conical; profile nearly straight, but slightly concave in front of the eyes; the crown is transversely arched and smooth; the frontal bones between the eyes are exceedingly narrow, so that the orbits appear sepa- rated by little more than a mere septum; eyes large, longitudinally ellip- tical; opercular pores obsolete; the postorbital or temporal ridge is nearly as long as the diameter of the orbit; the opercular fringe is composed of 6 or 7 short filaments; origin of dorsal above vent, the fin very low and continuous, its last rays not reaching to base of caudal rays; anal com- mencing slightly in front of dorsal, similar to it but higher, its last ray reaching to base of caudal rays; pectoral large and pointed, reaching to curve in lateral line; rays of ventral subequal, reaching about to vent; caudal truncate; scales moderate, finely striated concentrically and arranged in 11 rows on each side; the lateral line runs through 12 seales on the sides of the back, is then deflected through 3, and thence runs along the fifth row from the back through 36. Color light yellowish brown, rendered darker on the back by congregations of dark spots on the scales; there is a pearly patch behind and beneath the eye, and the operculum is also colored in the same manner. (Gill.) Cape San Lucas. Described from a specimen 21 inches in length. Not obtained by recent collectors. (opercularis, pertaining to the gill cover.) Myaxodagnus opercularis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 270, Cape San Lucas. (Coll. Xantus.) Family CXCVII. URANOSCOPIDA. (THE STAR-GAZERS. ) Head large, broad, partly covered with bony plates. Body elongate, conic, subcompressed, widest and usually deepest at the occiput. Body either naked or covered with very small, smooth, adherent scales, which *This genus is thus defined by Dr. Gill: Body quite slender, the greatest height con- tained about 10 times in length. Head rather elongated and acutely conical, about twice as long as high; eyes large and elliptical, and very closely approximated; frontal bones extremely narrow. Mouth oblique; lower jaw projecting much beyond the upper and furnished with a short, compressed, and wide flap or barbel in front of the symphysis; villiform teeth present only on the jaws. Dorsal fin inserted behind the vertical of the anne, gad furnished with simple and articulated rays; anal fin as long as or longer than e dorsal. 2306 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. are arranged in very oblique series running downward and backward; the scales on the belly inconspicuous or obsolete. Lateral line little developed, running high. Eyes small, on anterior and upper portion of head, with vertical rings. Mouth vertical, with strong and prominent mandible; teeth moderate, on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Premaxillaries freely protractile; maxillary broad, without supplemental bones, not slip- ping under the preorbital. Gill openings wide, continued forward; gill membranes nearly separate, free from isthmus. Pseudobranchie present ; 6 branchiostegals; 3! gills, a slit behind the last; no anal papilla. Spi- nous dorsal very short or wanting; second dorsallong. Analand pectorals large, the latter with broad oblique bases, the lower rays rapidly short- ened, most of them branched; ventrals jugular, close together, I, 5, the spine very short, innermost ray longest; caudal not forked. Air bladder eenerally absent; pyloric ceca in moderate number. Vertebrie 24 to 26. Carnivorous fishes, living on the bottom of the shores of most warm regions. Genera 8; species 25. URANOSCOPINE: a. Spinous dorsal of 4 or 5 well-developed spines; scales present. b. Headabove notentirely covered with bone, the occipital plate ceasing much behind the orbits; from the middle line anteriorly a Y-shaped bony process extends forward, the tips of the fork between the eyes; a trapezoidal space on either side of the Y, covered by naked skin, bounded by the Y, the eyes, the subor- bitals, and the occipital plate. A covered furrow behind and on the inner side of each eye terminating near front of orbits, its edges fringed. Head without spines; humeral spine obsolete; lips and nostrils fringed ; no retract- ile tentacle in mouth. ASTROSCOPUS, 856. KATHETOSTOMATINE : aa. Spinous dorsal obsolete; no scales; head above covered with bone except the groove of the premaxillary spine; the bony occipital plate coalescing with the orbital rims; humeral spine well developed; no distinct protuberances on top of head; no spine in front of humeral spine; 2 small forward-directed spines in front of eye; 3 small spines on lower margin of preopercle; upper lip scarcely fringed ; no retractile tentacle in mouth; ventral fin not largely adnate to abdomen. KATHETOSTOMA, 857. 856. ASTROSCOPUS, Brevoort. (ELECTRIC STAR-GAZERS.) Astroscopus (BREVOORT) GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 20 (anoplos; young). Agnus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, 1, 229, 1860 (anoplos). Upselonphorus, GILL, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 113 (misprint for Upsilonphorus) (y-grecum; adult). 3ody robust. Head above not entirely covered with bone, the occipital plate ceasing much behind the orbits; from the middle line anteriorly a Y-shaped bony process extends forward, the tips of the fork between the eyes; a trapezoidal space on either side of the Y, covered by naked skin, bounded by the Y, the eyes, the suborbitals, and the occipital plate. A cov- ered furrow behind and on the inner side of each eye terminating near front of orbits, its edges fringed. Head without spines; humeral spine obsolete ; lips and nostrils fringed; no retractile tentacle in mouth. Young indi- viduals with top of head largely covered by bone. Head scaleless; back and sides covered with close-set scales; belly mostly naked. Humeral Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2307 spine obsolete; no spine before the ventrals. First dorsal small, of 4 or 5 low, stout, pungent spines, connected by membrane to the second dorsal, which is rather high and long; pectorals and ventrals large. Species American, distinguished from the Old World genus, Uranoscopus,* chiefly hy the unarmed head. (a@6rpor, star; 6xo7éw, to look.) a. Naked space between forks of the Y on top of head long and narrow, but shorter than the vertical limb of the Y; no distinct spines before eye; sides with round pale spots, each with a dark ring. b. Dorsal spines 4, rather high; scales normal. Y-GRECUM, 2644. bb. Dorsal spines 5, lower than in y-greecwm; scales of sides cohering in oblique series. ZEPHYREUS, 2645. aa, Naked space between the forks of the Y short and broad, but longer than the very short vertical limb of the Y; 2 distinct spines directed forward before the eye; sides with small pale spots, not dark-edged. GUTTATUS, 2646. 2644. ASTROSCOPUS Y-GRECUM (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head, without lower jaw, 23; depth 3}. D.IV-I,12; A.13; scales 80; eye 124} in head; maxillary 2; pectoral 1,5; second dorsal spine 4; highest dorsal ray 2; highest anal ray 3; caudal 14. Body moderately elongate, very robust forward, greatest depth at occiput; anteriorly subcylindrical, posteriorly somewhat compressed. Head large and broad; mouth large, vertical, a fringe of barbels on each jaw, slightly longer than the diam- eter of the eye; tongue extremely large and fleshy, forming a pad under membrane of lower jaw which projects forward somewhat. Teeth con- ical, small and movable, in many bands in upper jaw, in lower jaw the teeth are larger and in fewer bands; teeth on vomer and palatines. Eyes very small but prominent, set on top of head; interorbital very wide, 34 times wider than the eye; bones on top of head coarsely granular; Y-shaped ridge on top of head conspicuous, on each side of which is a broad naked area; naked space between forks of Y on top of head long and narrow, but shorter than vertical limb of the Y which is very long; edges of nos- trils fringed, anterior nostril round, separated from the eye by a high gran- ular ridge; posterior nostril ending in a long curved furrow, which runs obliquely across the naked area behind eye, its posterior end not curved forward, its length 2} times the diameter of the eye; 2 or 3 small blunt spines in front of the eye; surface of the bones of opercle, preopercle, and humeral process coarsely granular; gillrakers not developed; pseudo- branchiz small. Head entirely scaleless; belly naked below a line drawn from fifth anal ray to upper end of pectoral base; fins without scales; scales very small and somewhat embedded. Width of pectoral at base less than 4 length of the head, the upper rays longest, the lower rays very short, graduated from the lower side to the upper; fin somewhat pointed behind and curved up, its tip reaching to the vertical from base of sixth dorsal ray; the rays of ventrals very thick and swollen, theinner *The following are the characters of Uranoscopus: Head with spines; humeral spine ‘vell developed; 1 strong spine on subopercle, 4 smaller ones on preopercle, all directed downward; 1 small spine directly above and in front of humeral spine; 4 low, stout protuberances on top of head pointing backward; naked space between eyes extending back to posterior part of orbits; upper lip and nostrils not fringed; retractile tentacle in mouth more or less developed. First dorsal with about 4 pungent spines; scales well developed. 2308 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. rays the longest, reaching midway from their base to end of pectorals; origin of fin a distance of the width of pectoral in front of the lower edge of pectoral base; soft dorsal much higher than anal; posterior rays reaching slightly past the vertical from base of the last anal ray; end of the last anal ray about reaching to base of caudal rays; caudal truncate or slightly rounded; a ridge of skin along middle of belly from the ven- trals to vent. Dark brown above, paler below; upper parts densely coy- ered with small rounded white spots, each surrounded by a black ring; lower jaw and labial fringes similarly spotted; spinous dorsal black, white posteriorly; soft dorsal brown anteriorly with a horizontal white and black band, then tipped with white; posteriorly with 2 vertical black stripes and a white one between them; caudal black, tipped with white, with 2 to 4 white longitudinal stripes, its upper and lower edges narrowly white; the anal white at base and tip, with a black median band, 4 depth of fin, darkest posteriorly; pectorals brown, with a black band below, the lower edge white, the upper ray spotted; ventrals white with a black lengthwise streak. Old examples lose the black ring around the spots, and the edges of the spots are blended into the dark brown of the back; a dark stripe running from the upper angle of gill opening to caudal, South Atlantic coast from Cape Hatteras to the Caribbean Sea, in sandy bays, rather common in shallow water, varying much with age. Here described from a specimen, 15 inches in length, from Charleston, South Carolina. It is recorded from Charleston, Beaufort, Matanzas River, St. Johns River, Pensacola, Key West, and ‘‘the Caribbean Sea.” According to Dr. James A. Henshall, the naked area on top of the head in. Astroscopus is the seat of electric power. This interesting statement needs verification. (Named from the armature of the head, in the form of the Greek 7.) Uranoscopus y-grecum, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 308, 1829, origin unknown; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 229, 1860. Uranoscopus anoplos,* CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Vil, 493, 1831 (young examples), Charleston, South Carolina. Upsilonphorus y-grecum, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 113; Kirscu, l.¢., 263, 1889. Astroscopus y-grecum, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nut. Mus. 1879, 58; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 628, 1883. Agnus anoplus, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 229, 1860. Astroscopus anoplus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 629, 1883. Astroscopus anoplos, Kirscu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1889, 262. * The genus Astroscopus was based on small specimens which, in our present opinion are simply immature examples of the Species y-grecwm. The supposed genus is thus described in distinction from Upsilonphorus, which seems to us the adult of the same type: Head covered above with bone except a small region between and in frout of the eyes, the bony occipital plate coalescing with the orbital rims; no spines on head; humeral spines obsolete; occipital region with bluntish projections; naked space between eyes extending back to near middle of orbits; lips and nostrils fringed; no retractile tentacle in mouth. The following characters are assigned by Dr. Kirsch to Astroscopus anoplos: Head 24; depth 83. D.IV-I,13; A.13. Pectorals rather large, their longest ray equaling in length base of second dorsal and extending to front of that fin; ventrals equaling pectorals in length, and extending to front of that fin; the second dorsal equaling anal but its ante- rior insertion slightly posterior to that; anal rays reaching base of caudal; vent much nearer base of caudal than to tip of snout. Color dark brown above, yellowish below; lighter portions of body covered with small white specks; chin jet-black; all the fins whitish. Length 2 inches. (Specimen from Key West). Small individuals are found along the coast from Cape Hatteras to Florida wherever 4. y-grecum is found. The adult differs mainly in the armature of the top of the head, a characteristic which is developed at different ages in different individuals. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2309 2645. ASTROSCOPUS ZEPHYREUS, Gilbert & Starks. Head, without lower jaw, 23; depth 32. D.V,13; A. 14; scales 84; eye 12 in head; maxillary 24; pectoral 1}; second dorsal spine 7; highest dor- sal ray 24; highest anal ray 3}; caudal 13. Body robust, widest at occi- put, slightly compressed posteriorly; anteriorly subcylindrical. Head very large and broad, wider than the body; mouth large, vertical, a fringe of barbels curving over mouth on each jaw; length a little greater than the diameter of the eye; tongue very large and fleshy, forming a pad under the membrane of lower jaw, which projects forward somewhat; teeth conical, small and movable, in many bands in upper jaw; in lower jaw the teeth are larger and in 2 or 3 rows; vomer and palatines with teeth; eyes very small but prominent, set on top of head; interorbital very wide, 4 times as wide as the eye; bones on top of head coarsely granular; Y-shaped ridge on top of head conspicuous, on each side of which is a broad naked area, the form of these and other bones of the head exactly as in A. y-grewcum; edges of nostrils closely fringed, anterior nostril round, the ridge between it and eye not very high or conspicuous; posterior nostril ending in a long curved furrow which runs obliquely across the naked area behind eyes; at its posterior end it turns sharply forward, its length 23 times the diameter of the eye; 2 very short blunt spines in front of the eye; surface of the opercle, preoperele, and humeral process granular, not so rough as in Astroscopus y-grecum; gill rakers not developed; pseudobranchiz very small. Head entirely scaleless; belly naked below a line drawn from first anal ray to the middle of the pectoral base; fins without scales; scales small and nearly square, grown together side by side, forming series of oblique plates. Width of pectoral at base slightly less than $ length of head, the lower rays very short and gradu- ated to the long upper rays, the fin pointed and slightly turned up, its tip reaching to the vertical from base of the third dorsal ray; the ven- tral rays thick and swollen, the inner rays the longest, its tip reaching about midway between its base and tips of pectorals; origin of fin in front of pectorals a distance equal to the width of pectoral base; soft dor- sal somewhat higher than anal, its posterior rays reaching to the vertical from base of last anal ray; tip of last anal ray nearly reaching to the base of caudal rays; caudal truncate or slightly rounded; a fold of skin along middle line of belly from ventrals to vent. Color dark brown above, paler below; upper parts with many round white spots of various sizes, edged with rings of dark brown; spinous dorsal black, light pos- teriorly; soft dorsal light at base, the ends of the rays with black and white stripes; pectoral and anal dusky with light edge; caudal with longitudinal black and white stripes. Pacific coast of Mexico. One speci- men, numbered 333, in the Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, collected by the Albatross at Magdalena Bay, Lower California. It is 12 inches in length. A distinct electric shock was given by this fish when alive, the electric organs being in the fleshy areas on top of head behind 2310 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. eyes. (Gilbert.) A second large specimen was sent from Mazatlan by Dr. George W. Rogers, having been taken by Ygnacio Moreno in January, 1896. (Zedvpios, western; Céoupos, the west wind.) Astroscopus zephyreus, GILBERT & STARKS, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 453, pl. 53, fig. 2, and pl. 54, Magdalena Bay, Lower California (Type No. 47743. Coll. Albatross). 2646. ASTROSCOPUS GUTTATUS (Abbott). Depth 4 in length in young and 3j in adult. D.IV or V-13 or 14; A.13; V.1,5. Eye 5} in interorbital space. Naked space between forks of Y on top of head short and broad, but longer than the vertical limb of the Y, which is very short; 2 distinct spinules directed forward before eye; white spots on body very small and irregular without dark rings; base of dorsals equaling in length the distance from front of first dorsal to tip of snout; base of first dorsal twice length of its longest spine; first spine equaling second in length, and 3 times length of last; length of middle caudal rays a little less than that of ventrals; pectorals slightly longer than ventrals, 34 in total length, and extending to fifth anal ray. Color of upper parts of body and lower jaw bright chocolate; belly and throat white; darker portions covered with numerous circular spots much lighter than ground color; membrane of first dorsal black; second dorsal white with 3 irregular bands of dull black obliquely across it; the caudal with 3 parallel bands of blackish brown, the middle of which appears to be the continuation of a variable longitudinal band on the center of each side; the anal having a variable band of dull brown, darker upon the posterior termination. Length 12 inches. Atlantic coast of the United States, from Long Island to Virginia; apparently scarce. Recorded from Cape May; Tompkinsville, New York; Norfolk, Virginia; Somers Point, New Jersey, ete. ; not known south of Cape Hatteras. In Astroscopus guttatus the pale spots are much smaller, less sharply defined, and oceupy asmaller area than in 4. y-grecum; the lower part of the head has 2 black blotches in each species; the second dorsal, anal, and ventrals are nearly or quite plain. The naked area behind each eye is (in 4, guttatus) lunate, its length barely twice that of the snout; the bony Y-shaped plate is short and broad, concave on the median line, and forked for about 4 its length, the posterior undivided portion broader than long; the bony bridge across the occiput but little shorter than the part of the head which precedes it. In 4. y-grweum the naked area is trapezoidal, longer than broad, and about 4 times the length of the snout; the Y is forked for more than 4 its length, its undivided part more than twice as long as broad, and not concave; the occipital plate is not 4 as long as the part of the head which precedes it. (guttatus, spotted, as with rain drops.) Astroscopus guttatus, ABBOTT, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 365, Cape May, New Jersey. Opsilonphorus guttatus, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 60; Kirscu, U. c., 264, 1889. e Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2311 857- KATHETOSTOMA, Giinther. Kathetostoma, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 231, 1860 (l@ve). Body robust, formed as in Astroscopus and Uranoscopus. Scales none. One continuous dorsal without spines; ventrals jugular not adnate to the abdomen; pectoral rays branched; some bones of the head armed. Cay- ity of the gills without superior opening; 6 branchiostegals; pseudo- branchie present. Air bladdernone. Threespecies known, the type, Kathe- tostoma leve, being from Australia. (xa@$eros, vertical; 6rdua, mouth.) a. Dorsal rays 13; anal 13; body shaded and dotted with blackish. AVERRUNCUS, 2647. aa. Dorsal rays 10; anal 12; body spotted with white. ALBIGUTTA, 2648. 2647. KATHETOSTOMA AVERRUNCUS, Jordan & Bollman. Head 23, 3} with caudal; depth 3?. D.13; A.138. Body short and robust, its width behind base of pectorals equal to length of top of head. Head very large, its width at peropercle less than its length by }length of eye. Mouth large, vertical; maxillary 2in head. Snout1? in eye. Eye rather small, 5in head. Teeth of lower jaw largest, inner row of each jaw enlarged and movable; vomer and palatines with a few large, conical teeth. Lower jaw without tentacle. Interorbital space lightly concave, 14 times length of eye. Premaxillary groove as broad as long, 1} in eye, obtuse behind, extending backward just past middle of pupil. Distance between bases of humeral spines 1} in top of head. Preorbital with 3 spines in front directed forward and downward. Preopercle with 3 spines below angle directed downward and forward. Two antrorse spines on mandible, and 2 on breast before ventrals. Bones of top of head coarsely granular, striate, no naked area above except premaxillary groove; 2 points on occipital region whence granular ridges radiate; opercles and orbital bones coarsely granular, but not striate. No trace of scales or of spinous dorsal. Base of dorsal equal to base of anal, 1? in head, longest ray equal to depth of cheek; pectorals $ eye, length greater than that of top of head; ventrals reaching more than halfway to vent, their length equal to that of top of head. A few small depressions resembling embedded scales on region before dorsal and above head. Color blackish brown, mottled with paler; lower parts pale, dusted with brown; lips and gular region black; dorsal dusty, with 5 indistinct, partly confluent, whitish spots along its base; anterior part of anal pale, posterior thickly dusted with blackish, tips of rays pale; pectorals blackish, faintly barred; axil dusted outside, inner part very pale; ventrals pale; caudal with 3 irregular oblique dark bars; floor of mouth pinkish; tongue dusted with dark specks. Length 44 inches. Pacific Ocean, off coast of Colombia; a single speci- men dredged at a depth of 7 fathoms; a most singular fish. (averruncus, ‘a deity which wards off; from the mailed head.) Kathetostoma averruncus, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 163, off coast of Colombia, at Albatross Station 2800, 8° 57’ N., 79° 31/ 30’ W.; KIRSCH, l. c., 259, 1889; JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 229, pl. 31. 2312 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2648. KATHETOSTOMA ALBIGUTTA, Bean. “Head 3; greatest width 3; depth 3}. D. 10; A. 12; interorbital space 4 in head, containing a deep groove, the length of which is slightly greater than its width and nearly equaling length of eye. Mouth nearly vertical when closed; intermaxillary slightly protractile, the length of its tooth-bearing surface ; length of head; maxillary very broadly expanded behind, its greatest width about 3 in length, extending almost to vertical from middle of eye; end of mandible not much farther back; leneth of mandible 43 in length; mandible having 2 blunt prominences at its posterior end; the exposed portion of the maxillary traversed by radiating strie. The lower limb of preoperculum with 3 stout spines along its lower border; length of humeral spine 3 in head; humerus very strongly rugose on its upper border; 3 short spines on the anterior edge of preorbital. Teeth in villiform bands in the intermaxillary and mandi- dible, and on vomer; palatines in a very short band; a cavity between head of vomer and the processes of the intermaxillary ending in a semi- circular canal behind, which is separated from the anterior cavity by a flap of skin. Gill openings very wide and only narrowly attached to the isthmus, leaving a free posterior border. Pseudobranchie present, small; a small, narrow slit behind the last gill, its length about } that of eye; gill rakers tubercular, none on anterior arch, A pair of short but stout spines in front of ventrals. The origin of dorsal a little nearer to root of caudal than to tip of snout, midway between base of caudal and middle of eye; length of dorsal base about 3 in length, the third ray the longest, its length nearly + length of base of fin, the last ray about as long as eye, and the first scarcely longer than this. The anal origin directly under that of dorsal, the base of fin slightly longer than that of dorsal; the seventh, eighth, and ninth anal rays about the lon- gest, their length equaling about } that of middle caudal rays; the first ray not much more than 4 as long as the longest and the rays gradu- ally increasing in size to the ninth; length of pectoral 3} in body; length of lowermost ray less than + length of head; only the first ray simple, the rest divided. Ventral origin under eye; the longest ray of ventral slightly shorter than mandible. Caudal slightly rounded when expanded, the middle rays as long as head without snout. The lateral line beginning near the root of humeral spine, curving upward slightly and running along back to end of dorsal, then curving downward to near the middle of the caudal base; skin naked. Color, upper parts lght brown, the upper surface of the head minutely dotted with white; the back with numerous roundish spots and oblong blotches of whitish; lower parts pale; the dorsal with 2 or three dark blotches near the margin, in some cases not much larger than eye, in others fully twice as long; caudal with 9 black blotches, those on outer rays largest, differing in size in different specimens, these blotches distributed over the greater portion of the fin; anal pale, with the exception of a brownish blotch on the membrane of the last 3 rays; pectoral with a brownish submar- ginal band on its outer half, this band sometimes broken up on the mem- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2313 a brane; ventrals pale. Length about 64 inches. Gulf of Mexico, in 27 to 88 fathoms; 1 specimen known. (albus, white; gutta, spot.) Cathetostoma albigutta, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1892, 121, Gulf of Mexico, at Alba- tross Station 2403, Lat. 28° 42’ 30’’ N., Lon. 85° 29/00’ W. (Type, Ne. 39304, U. S. Nat. Mus.) Suborder HAPLODOCI. This group is distinguished mainly by the undivided post-temporal, the reduction in the number of gill arches to 3, and by the absence of pecu- liarities shown by related forms. One family. (c7Ad0os, simple; doxos, a shaft or beam, from the form of the post-temporal. ) Family CXCVIII. BATRACHOIDID2. (THE TOAD-FISHES.) Body more or less robust, depressed anteriorly, compressed behind; head large, depressed, its muciferous channels well developed; mouth very large, the teeth generally strong; premaxillaries protractile; gills 3, a slit behind the last; pseudobranchie none; gill openings restricted to the sides, the membranes broadly united to the isthmus; branchiostegals mostly 6; gill rakers present, moderate; suborbital without bony stay ; post-temporal bone simple, undivided; scales small, cycloid, or wanting; dorsal fins 2, the first of 2 or 3 low, stout spines; soft dorsal very long; anal fin similar, but shorter; ventrals rather large, jugular, I, 2 or I, 3; pectorals very broad, the rays branched; pyloric ceca none; tail diphy- cercal, the caudal fin distinct, rounded; vertebrie in large number, 32 to 45. Carnivorous coast fishes, mostly of the warm seas, some of them ascend- ing rivers; the young of some or all the species fasten themselves to rocks by means of an adhesive ventral disk, which soon disappears. In some species the spines of the head and dorsal fin are provided with poison glands. Genera 7; species about 15. (Batrachidw, Giinther, Cat., 11, 166-177.) a. Dorsal spines 3; opercle developed as 2 strong diverging spines; subopercle rather strong, with 2 spines similar to those of opercle; no venom glands. b. Body scaly; branches of subopercular spine subequal and diverging; frontal region broad, flat, and slightly depressed, its median ridge rather promi- nent. BATRACHOIDES, 858, bb. Body scaleless; branches of suboperecular spine parallel, the lower branch much the shorter; vertebre 10-+ 22; frontal region not depressed, its median ridge prominent; axil with a large foramen. OPSANUS, 859. aa. Dorsal spines 2; opercle very small, its posterior part developed as a single strong spine; subopercle feebly developed, narrowed, and not ending in a spine; body scaleless. c. Spines solid, without venom glands; several lateral lines on sides of head and body, composed of pores and shining spots, some of these accompanied by cirri; canine teeth present; vertebre 12+31; frontal region depressed, forming a triangular area below level of temporal region, its median ridge very low. PORICHTHYS, 860. ec. Spines of dorsal fin and operculum hollow and connected with venom glands; lateral line on sides of body single; no canine teeth. d. Dorsal and anal free from caudal. THALASSOPHRYNE, 861. dd. Dorsal and anal fully joined to caudal. DX CTOR, 862. 3030—68 2314 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 858. BATRACHOIDES, Lacépede. Batrachoides, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 306, 1798 (‘‘tau,” Lacépéde*= surinamensis). Batrachus (KLEIN), BLocu & SCHNEIDER Syst. Ichth., 42, 1801 (‘‘taw,” didactylus, surt- namensis, ete.; substitute for Batrachoides). Batrictius, RAFINESQUE, Anal. Nat. 1815, 82 (substitute for Batrachoides). Body robust, formed as in Opsanus. Dorsal spines 3; opercle developed as 2 strong diverging spines; subopercle strongly developed; branches of subopercular spine subequal and diverging; body covered with small ctenoid scales; frontal region broad, flat, and slightly depressed, its median ridge rather prominent. Mucous pores of sides not greatly devel- oped. No poison glands. Shore fishes of warm regions. (/Jarpayos, frog; e7dos, resemblance. ) a. Teeth small, about 14 on the vomer; anterior teeth of lower jaw in a band; lateral teeth of palatine enlarged and canine-like; irregularly arranged. 7 SURINAMENSIS, 2649. aa. Teeth larger, about 8 on vomer; anterior teeth of lower jaw in 2 rows; 3 teeth on middle of palatines enlarged and canine-like, the middle one the smallest. PACIFICI, 2650. 2649. BATRACHOIDES SURINAMENSIS (Bloch & Schneider). (SAPO.) Head 31 in length of body; depth 6. D. III-29; A. 26. Teeth small, about 14 on vomer; anterior teeth on lower jaw in a band; lateral teeth on palatines enlarged and canine-like, irregularly arranged; pectoral without pores on its inner surface. Color grayish, darker on sides and head; base of soft dorsal pale, with a dark, irregular line above; upper part of fin lighter; caudal nearly black; anal fin ight with some dark markings. Coasts of Guiana and Brazil; not rare on sandy shores; our specimen from Curagao. Batrachoides tau, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 306, pl. 12, fig. 1, 1798; not Gadus tau, LINNZUS. Batrachus surinamensis, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 43, 1801, Surinam; from a specimen in the Museum of Vaillant in Paris; GUNTHER, Cat., 10,173, 1861; MEEK & HALL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 61. 2650. BATRACHOIDES PACIFICI (Giinther). Head 3 in length; depth about 6. D.III-26; A.22. Teeth rather large, about 8 on vomer; anterior teeth on lower jaw in 2 rows; lateral teeth on lower jaw gradually increasing to middle of jaw, behind which they become abruptly smaller and then gradually increase to end of jaw; 3 teeth on middle of palatines enlarged and canine-like, the middle one the smallest; pectoral with a row of pores on inner surface. Color olivaceous brown; some indistinct dark cross bands on body; dorsal with about 7 very irregular oblique dark bars, anal with about 5; pectorals and caudal * “Tl est revétu d’écailles molles, petites, minces, rondes, brunes, bordées de blanc, et arrosées par une mucosité trés abondante, comme celles de la lote et de la mustelle.” (Lacépéde.) Lacépéde’s specimen was therefore one of the scaly species, not an Opsanus. No species of the latter group seems to have been known to Lacépéde or to Schneider. a Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2315 dark, with few light cross bands. Panama; locally common, close to the preceding but with smaller teeth and fewer fin rays. The specimen exam- ined by us collected by Dr. Gilbert. Batrachus pacijict, GUNTHER, Cat., U1, 173, 1861, Panama; GiiNTHER, Fishes Centr. Amer., 435, 1869. Batrachoides pacijicit, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 170; MEEK & HALL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 62. 859. OPSANUS,® Rafinesque. (TOAD-FISHES. ) Opsanus, RAFINESQUE, Amer. Monthly Mag. 1817, 203 (cerapalus). Batrachus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 751, 1883, and of authors; not of BLocH & SCHNEIDER. Body comparatively short and robust, scaleless; head large, depressed; jaws, vomer, and palatines each with a single series of strong blunt teeth; mandible with an additional external series at symphysis; teeth of upper jaw small; dentary bones forming an acute angle at symphysis; lips fleshy; upper angle of opercle with 2 diverging spines, more or less concealed in the skin; no poison glands; spinous dorsal of 3 stout, short spines, the second the longest; axil of pectoral with a large foramen;t lateral line obscure, its pores not conspicuous; young with a series of small, tufted cirri on back and sides; branchiostegals 6; vertebre 12+ 22. Shore fishes, mostly of temperate regions; voracious creatures, living on the bottoms, feeding on mollusks and crustacea, and having great strength of jaw. (wp, eye; Xv, upward; ‘the name means looking up.” Rafinesque. ) a. Nostrils with fleshy tentacle between them. Color brownish or dusky greenish, mot- tled with darker and lighter, the dark on sides of body in large irregular blotches extending from base of dorsal to about 3 distance to base of anal, and more or less covered with small pale spets; belly and chin plain white or yellowish. TAU, 2651. aa. Nostrils without fleshy tentacle. Color whitish or gray, everywhere blotched or spotted with brownish yellow and black, the black spots on top of head smaller and more numerous than on rest of body; alarge black blotch at base of spinous dorsal, running up on fin; 3 black blotches along base of soft dorsal, which do not extend 4 the distance to base of anal; pectoral with black spots which do not form cross bands; ventrals with more dark markings than in tau: dorsal, anal, and caudal marked nearly as in tau. PARDUS, 2652. 2651. OPSANUS TAU (Linneus). (TOADFISH; SAPO; SLIMER; OYSTER-FISH.) Head 23; depth 44. D. III-26 to 28; A.24. Body robust, naked, the head broad; mouth large, the very strong jaws closing with great force; teeth blunt, those on mandible small anteriorly, regularly increasing in * The name Batrachus should not be used for this genus, as it was originally given merely as a substitute for Batrachoides, having properly the same type, surinamensis, wrongly supposed to be tau of Linneus, a species unknown to Lacépede and Bloch & Schneider. No congener of taw was placed in Batrachus by Bloch & Schneider. Prior to any use of Batrachus as the generic name of the naked toadfishes, allied to taw, Rafi- nesque had given to one of the latter the generic name Opsanus, which can not be set aside for Batrachus, the latter being an unnecessary synonym of Batrachoides. i The Brazilian genus, Marcgravia (cryptocentra), in which this foramen is wanting, has not been recorded from north of the equator. 2316 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, size backward, those on vomer prominent; a broad flap above orbit; tip of maxillary and lower side of mandible with conspicuous cirri; a series of smaller cirri along margin of preopercle; subopercle ending in a long, sharp spine; orbit about equaling interorbital width or length of snout; pectoral with a large foramen in the axil. Dusky olive, with black mark- ings confluent on the sides and forming irregular, indistinet bars; belly and under side of head lighter; sides often with many pale yellow or whitish spots; soft dorsal with 6 to 9 oblique light bands; anal with 5 to 9; caudal and pectoral fins with 5 to 7 light cross bands, these formed chiefly from light spots; ventrals with some dark markings. In specimens from shallow water or alge, the brown becomes nearly black and more extended, the belly and chin spotted with darker, and top of the head has no distinct markings. The deeper-water specimens are lighter in color- ation than those from near the surface, and those from the coral reefs (var. beta, Goode & Bean) are paler than those from the green algxw and sea wrack; otherwise no differences seem to exist. In young individuals the head is more narrow and rounded, and the lower branch of the subopercu- lar spine proportionally larger than in the adult. Cape Cod to Cuba; very abundant among rocks and weeds close to the shore northward, in deeper water southward; the young clinging to rocks by a ventral sucking disk, which is soon lost. Length 15 inches. Not valued as food. (tau, T, the bones on the head when dried showing a T-shaped figure. ) Gadus tau, LINNaUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. xi, 440, 1766, Carolina. (Coll. Dr. Garden.) Cottus glaber, ScHOpr, Schrift. Naturf. Freunde, vill, 1788, 146, Long Island; D.25; V.3; A. 21; short cirri below mouth. Cottus cheetodon, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 62,1801, New York; after SCHOPF., Lophius bufo, MircuHi11, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. 1815, 463, New York. Opsanus cerapalus, RAFINESQUE, Amer. Monthly Mag., Jan., 1817, 204, south coast of Long Island. (Coll. C.S. Rafinesque.) Batrachoides vernullas, LE SUEUR, Mém. Mus., v, 1819, 157, pl. 17, coast of Rhode Island. Batrachoides variegatus, LE Sueur, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., m1, 1823, 399 and 401, Egg Harbor, New Jersey. Batrachus celatus, DE Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 170, pl. 50, f. 161, 1842, New York. Batrachus tau beta, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 236, Gulf of Mexico. Cottus glaber, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscum, It, 392, 1792; after SCHOPF. Batrachus tau, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 478, 1837; DE Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 168, pl. 28, fig. 26,1842; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 167, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 751, 1888; MEEK & HALL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1885, 59. Batrachus variegatus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 484, 1837. 2652. OPSANUS PARDUS (Goode & Bean). (SAPO.) Head to end of opercular spine 3; depth 4. D. ITI-26; A. 22; maxillary 14 in head; pectoral 2); ventral 2; highest dorsal ray 22; highest anal ray 3}; caudal 2. Body short and robust, compressed posteriorly; head large, somewhat depressed, wider than the body; eyes placed high, not so wide as the slightly concave interorbital space; mouth large, the maxillary reaching far beyond the eye, the lower jaw slightly projecting; a double row of small blunt teeth in upper jaw, not running very far back at the sides; lower jaw with a single row of much larger pebble-like teeth run- ning well back and biting against a single row of similar teeth on pala- Jordan and Fvermann.—-Fishes of North America, 2317 tines; a few teeth in front of jaw which bite against the premaxillary teeth; vomer with 1 or 2 irregular rows of large blunt teeth; head with many fleshy tentacles, 1 over each eye, a row around lower jaw, 1 on end of maxillary, and a row around preopercle; opercle ending in 2 diverging spines, the lower shorter; subopercle ending in a spine, its tip equal with the lower opercular spine, these spines not piercing the skin; gill rakers very short, scarcely developed. Body and fins covered with a soft smooth skin, which is exceedingly loose nearly to the ends of fin rays, and entirely covering the dorsal spines. Dorsal spines very short but stout; soft dorsal longer and higher than anal, but in other ways similar, reaching past base of caudal rays; pectoral short, as wide as long, round and fan-shaped behind, reaching to vertical from base of fourth dorsal ray; origin of ventral far in front of pectorals, the fins reaching to the vertical from the posterior edge of spinous dorsal; caudal well rounded, fan-shaped when spread. Color very pale yellowish brown, thickly covered with round spots of dark brown, those on head smaller; belly with numerous spots, the largest as large as eye; back with many oblong blotches, besides small round spots; fins blotched and banded. Gulf of Mexico, in deep water. This form has a very different coloration from O. tau and the texture of its skin and flesh is also less firm, but the technical differences are slight and it is rather a deep-water variety than a species. (pardus, leopard.) Batrachus tau pardus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 336, Pensacola Snapper Banks; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 751, 1883; MEEK & HALL, Proc. Ac, Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 60. 860. PORICHTHYS, Girard. (MIDSHIPMEN.) Porichthys, GrRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1854, 141 (notatus). Body rather elongate; head not very broad, depressed, the lower jaw projecting. Dorsal spines 2; pectoral broad, without foramen in axil; opercle very small, its posterior part developed as a strong, single spine; suboperculum feebly developed, narrowed and not ending in a spine; no scales on body; spines solid, without venom glands; several lateral lines on sides of head and body, composed of pores and shining spots, some of these accompanied by cirri; canine teeth present; vertebrae 12+ 31; frontal region depressed, forming a triangular area below level of tem- poral region, its median ridge very low. Branchiostegals 6; interorbital area short, wide, and with shallow grooves. Air bladder more or less deeply divided into 2 lateral parts. Pyloric appendages none. Species American; remarkable for the very great development of mucous pores, some of which simulate the photophores of Wyctophum, but are different in origin and not at all luminous. (70dpos, pore; 7y9Us, fish; in allusion to the extraordinary development of the mucous system. ) Notre.—The following account of the distribution, structure, and development of the phosphorescent organs of Porichthys is furnished us by Prof. Charles Wilson Greene, who has made a careful study of these organs: ‘* Porichthys has numerous lines of conspicuous bright silvery spots distributed in rows over the surface of the body. These spots have been called phosphorescent organs, although no such function has yet been observed, the name arising out of a superficial 2318 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. resemblance. These so-called phosphorescent organs are arranged in rows over the body, and are definite and characteristic and quite constant in location in different individ- uals. They are accompanied by rows of epidermal sense organs, the two having an inti- mate relation in distribution over the surface of the fish. In surface view the shining organs have a bright silvery appearance, are more or less round in outline, size from a mere dot to 0.8 wm. in diameter, and surrounded or bordered on one side by an increased amount of pigment. The end buds presenta round, transparent, or pellucid, and usually slightly raised, point. Each end bud is bordered by a pair of papille. There are about 20 well-defined lines as follows: ‘The lateral row, from posterior upper border of pectoral straight alongside to upper third of base of caudal, 35 pairs with an end bud between each pair, upper series small or rudimentary, segmentally arranged and between myomeres. The pleural row, from middle of base of pectoral, curves backward and downward to a point above first anal ray then straight nearly to base of caudal, 43 to 62 organs. End buds below each organ to above middle of caudal, 31 organs. The caudal rows, end buds only, 2 longitudinal rows on upper and lower thirds of fin. The anal row, on either side base of anal fin from third anal ray to base of caudal. Phosphorescent organs in pairs, a pair for each anal ray, 1 end bud for each pair. The gastric row, from front around lower edge of pectoral and along side of belly to opposite anal papilla, 30 phosphorescent organs. The gular row, from isthmus along ventral side of ventral fin then outward to join gastric row, spur runs forward along external side of ventral fin, 27 organs. A par- allel line of 50 end buds follows the gular row and posterior end of gastric. The ventral row with its fellow forms a parenthesis on the stomach from the side of the anus § the distance to the ventral fin, 34 organs; no end buds. The branchiostegal row, from the isthmus outward over branchiostegal membrane and between first and second rays, no end buds. The mandibular row of phosphorescent organs extends around inner edge of ridge formed by the dentary bones; the row of end buds along the outer rim of the same ridge. The opercular rows, upper and lower, extend backward and upward across opercle. The scapular row, from above opercular spine straight back above pectoral fin, the curves in toward the base of the dorsal fin opposite the third dorsal ray. The dorsal row, along base of dorsal fin to base of caudal. Thisrow and the scapular row consist of well developed end buds and rudimentary phosphorescent organs. The occipital and frontal rows, along the occipital and frontal regions, short rows of small and poorly developed organs. The nasal, from the posterior nasal tube to base of anterior tube. The suborbital and post- orbital, from posterior nasal opening around under eye backward and downward to oper- cle. A malar row, from the suborbital down across the cheek. A mazillary across the posterior end of maxillary bone. The rows on the head consist of weil-developed end buds with rudimentary and irregularly placed phosphorescent organs. The phosphor- escent organs are embedded in the connective tissue dermis of the skin, and in section show a uniform general structure throughout the body. A typical organ from the anal or yentral rows consists of an outer spherical group of cells called a lens, resting in a deeper cup-like structure, the capsule, and this in turn in a cup of fibrillar connective tissue called the reflector. The lens consists of cells, polygonal in the center of the group and flattened or fusiform around the periphery. They have a large conspicuous nucleus and a dense, homogeneous, highly refracting cell body. The outlines of the cells are very distinct. In the cells of the capsule the nuclei stain readily, but the granular protoplasm with difficulty, and the cell boundaries are indistinct and usually obliterated. In some specimens connective tissue septa penetrate the capsule. Blood capillaries are always present. The reflector extends well up around the sides of the lens; it consists of fibrillar connective tissue which strongly reflects light. Much pigment is embedded in its meshes. No nerves have yet been traced to the organ. The developing phosphor- escent organs do not appear in the embryo fish until it is 15 to 16mm. long. Then a bud appears in the lower layer of the epidermis, which soon becomes constricted off as a spherical mass of shells lying in the subepidermal connective tissue. This mass later slightly elongates and gives rise by constriction to the lens and the capsule. The reflector is developed from the surrounding connective tissue, so also the pigment cells. Mature organs are not found until the fish reaches a length of over 20mm. The end buds appear much earlier, 9 to10mm.’’ (Charles Wilson Greene.) Jordan and Evermann,.—Fishes of North America, 2319 a. Abdomen with 4 longitudinal series of pores, each of which is accompanied by a shining silvery body; 4 rows of shining spots on sides of body; a white ploteh below eye, with a black crescent below it. b. Teeth on palatines few (4 or 5), 1 to 3 of them developed as very strong canines, as large as canines on vomer; dorsal fin with distinct black blotches; back with dark saddles; third lateral line extending nearly to base of candal. POROSISSIMUS, 2653. bb. Teeth on palatines numerous, none of them canine, and all much smaller than canines on vomer. ce. Third lateral line ceasing at second third of anal; cross bands on back and dorsal fin very faint or wanting; dorsal fin with a faint dark edge; sides of head and shoulder without distinct spots; body rather elongate. NOTATUS, 2654. ec. Third lateral line extending nearly to end of anal; cross bands on back and dorsal fin very distinct, appearing as roundish blotches, those on the dorsal fin along the margin; sides of head and humeral region much spotted with brown; body robust. MARGARITATUS, 2655. 2653. PORICHTHYS POROSISSIMUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (BAGRE SAPO.) Head 32 (44 in total); depth 5% (6). D.II-37; A.34. Body rather elon- gate, tapering and compressed behind. Head depressed, } as broad as long and 4 wider than deep; lower jaw considerably projecting, max- illary reaching to well behind eye, its length 1} in head. ‘Teeth in single series on jaws, vomer, and palatines, those of upper jaw very small, a few of the anterior and 2 or 3 of the lateral teeth somewhat enlarged, the lat- ter strongly hooked forward; teeth in lower jaw strong, rather weaker than in P. margaritatus, those in the front of the jaw hooked strongly inward; the lateral teeth, which are larger, hooked backward and inward; 1 or 2 strong canines on each side of vomer, these curved back- ward and outward; teeth on palatines distant, few in number (usually 4 or 5); among these are 1 to 3 very strong canines (usually, but not always, much larger than canines on vomer), strongly curved forward and inward. In P. margaritatus and P. notatus, the palatine teeth are not especially enlarged, subequal and more numerous, the canines on the vomer being much larger than any of the other teeth. Gill openings extending from the upper edge of pectoral to just below lower edge. Pectoral without axilliary foramen; height of soft dorsal about 3 in head; length of caudal nearly 2; height of anal 34; length of pectorals 13; of ven- trals, 23. Color in life, light brown above, the top of head much darker and clouded with dark brown; a row of about 10 bar-like dark blotches along middle of side, each larger than eye, those anteriorly deeper than long, the others longer than deep; each of these blotches usually more or less confluent with a saddle-like dark blotch across the back; a crescent-shaped pale translucent area below the eye; below this a larger blue-black area, irregularly crescent-shaped, covering the preorbital and suborbital region, hounded below and behind by a row of shining mucous pores; on it are about 4 large pores, and above and behind it, close behind and below eye, is a large shining pore bordered with black; cheek steel bluish; sides of body silvery, becoming golden below; lower 2320 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. part of head and belly bright golden; a dark stripe along base of dorsal; soft dorsal with 2 or 3 rows of small round dark olive spots, the upper row posteriorly becoming a dark edging to the fin; caudal, dull red, edged with dusky; anal very pale, edged with blackish; pectorals light orange, usually with some small dark spots above; ventrals orange, slightly darker anteriorly. Numerous series of pores on the body, those of the lateral line accompanied by shining golden bodies, as in other species of the genus, According to fishermen, these bodies are phosphor- escent, shining at night; a statement which is probably true, although we have been unable to verify it; pores on sides of back not shining. Most of the pores, as in other species, accompanied by numerous small cirri or cilia; the arrangement of the lines of pores and shining bodies not very different from that found in P. notatus. It may be thus described in detail: A series of pores beginning at tip of snout, extending down around preorbital region, bounding the dark subocular blotch and joining almost at aright angle with a series of pores which extends downward from lower posterior corner of eye to angle of mouth. Another series diverges from the first in front of eye, passing close below eye, then upward above cheek, ending in a large pore behind preopercle. A curved series of pores extending backward along opercle, and another parallel with it along subopercle. Two obscure series from front of eye along top of head, becoming wide apart at the vertex, converging at the nape, then slightly diverging, converging in front of spinous dorsal, then again diverging to pass around the fin, each at last becoming straight at front of soft dorsal, extending close to its base to its last ray, there being about 2 pores to each ray. Just below this series, at front of soft dorsal on each side, begins a second series, with the pores wider apart and somewhat irregular, ceasing near the middle of the soft dorsal fin. The lateral line proper next begins above upper posterior angle of preopercle, whence a short branch passes directly upward. Opposite front of soft dorsal, the lateral line is interrupted for a distance a little more than diameter of eye. A short branch arises at this interruption and passes upward and backward at an angle from the end of the anterior part; thence the lateral line passes straight to base of caudal. The next series arises just behind axil of pectoral, then curves abruptly downward and backward, becoming straight opposite third ray of anal, thence proceeding to base of caudal, the pores small and close-set, anteriorly bead-like and shining, becoming dull toward the tail. Next comes a double series on each side of base of anal, the 2 series converging behind and finally coalescing. Another series begins at the middle of the base of the pectoral in front, curves downward, around the base of the fin, and, proceeding directly backward, ceases opposite vent. A series begins midway between gill opening and ventral and, extending straight backward, ceases opposite base of pectoral. Another begins, on each side, on lower side of head, directly below angle of mouth, the two diverging slightly between ven- trals, then converging a little behind ventrals, then abruptly diverging, joming the series last mentioned, on each side, just in front of base of pectoral. A cross series of pores extends straight across belly, between Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2321 vent and anal fin. At each end of this cross series a series of pores turns abruptly forward, the two meeting in an acute angle on the belly just in front of a vertical from base of pectorals. Finally, 3 parallel series on each side of lower parts of head meet in front, the two anterior in obtuse curves, the posterior in an acute angle. The anterior series along the mandible ends at the corner of the mouth. The next just behind the mandible ends just below the corner of the mouth. The next passes along the branchiostegal region, ending at the gill opening. Mandible with 2 large foramina. A series of dark-colored pores along each side of tongue. Length 8 inches. South Carolina to Texas, and southward to Argentina, on sandy shores; not very common, and found in rather deep water. Not rare about Galveston, but unknown to fishermen at Pensacola. Here described from the types of P. plectrodon, the North American form. The types of P. porosissimus examined by us in Paris agree in dentition and other respects. Except for the remote locality there is no suggestion of differences. We are informed by Dr. Vaillant that the type specimen of P. porosissimus from St. Catherine, has 33 anal rays, that from Rio Jan- eiro 32, and that the number 27, given by Valenciennes for this species, represents an error in counting. According to Valenciennes, P. porosissi- mus has D. II-36; A. 27; each palatine bone with a row of small, pointed, unequal teeth; row of pores above anal reaching base of caudal. Color grayish brown above, silvery white below; dorsal and anal whitish, edged with brown; pectoral with longitudinal lines; ventrals brownish on the outer edge; caudal whitish at base, the rest brownish; some specimens with dark cross bands. (porosissimus, most porous. ) Batrachus porosissimus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 501, 1837, Suri- nam (Coll. Leschenault & Doumerc), Cayenne (Coll, Poiteau), Rio Janeiro (Coll. Delalande), St. Catherine (Coll. Lesson & Garnot). Porichthys plectrodon, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 291, Galveston, Texas (Type, No. 30894. Coll. D.S. Jordan); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 958, 1883. Porichthys porosissimus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 176, 1861; JORDAN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, 291; BerG, An. Mus. Nae. Buenos Aires, 1895, 70. Porichthys porosissimus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 751, 1883; MEEK & HALL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1885, 57. 2654. PORICHTHYS NOTATUS, Girard. (SINGING FisH; MIDSHIPMAN; CABEZON; SAPO.) Head 3%; depth 64. D. II-37; A. 33; V. I, 2; P. 18; eye 8 in head; maxillary 2; pectoral 12; ventral 24; caudal 23. Head narrowed forward ; opercle developed as a strong spine; maxillary reaching beyond orbit; lower jaw with a single row of about 10 large, recurved teeth, behind which is a patch of small teeth; sides of jaw with a single series of canines simi- lar to those in front, but larger; upper jaw with an irregular series of small teeth; palatines with a single series of conical teeth; 2 large curved canines on vomer; head with several rows of fringed pores; 1 row along lower line of opercle and subopercle; another along upper edge of cheek, this branching behind and below the orbit, 1 branch running forward 2322 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. below the orbit and around the snout, the other vertically downward behind the maxillary; a series of fringes behind the lower lip; behind this a series of pores without fringes; a short straight series of pores on each side of vertex; a row of pores along the base of the dorsal fin, curv- ing at front of dorsal, and terminating at upper angle of opercle; a row below this, not reaching base of pectoral; the third row not reaching base of caudal, but ceasing at second third of anal to about its twen- tieth ray, and is anteriorly strongly curved upward to base of pectoral; 2 concentric series on the abdomen, the outer extending forward between bases of ventrals. The so-called ‘‘shining pores” on the sides are not pores, but bright round pieces of shiny membrane, showing through a translucent skin; each of the spots has above it a pair of fringed flaps with a small pore between them; the rows of flaps along dorsal and anal similar, long and low, their last rays reaching base of caudal rays; pec- toral broad, somewhat pointed behind, reaching to the vertical from the fifth anal ray; origin of ventrals in advance of pectorals, in distance equal to length of maxillary, their tips not reaching to pectoral base; caudal well rounded. Olive brown above, with coppery reflections, the belly brassy-yellow; sides with irregular broad vertical cross blotches, most distinct in the young; dorsal grayish, with oblique dark bars; vertical fins sometimes margined with black; pores of lateral line bead-like, shining silvery; a white space below eye, with a black crescent below it; head yellowish brown, with no dark spots on opercle and shoulder; peri- toneum black. Length 15 inches. Pacific coast; very abundant from Lower California to Puget Sound; living under stones, near the shore northward, in deeper water southward. It makes a peculiar humming noise with its air bladder, hence the name singing fish. (notatus, spotted ; noted. ) Porichthys notatus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 141, San Francisco; GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fishes, 134, 1858. Porichthys margaritatus, MEEK & HALL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 56; not of Ricu- ARDSON. Porichthys porosissimus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 751, 1883 (not of CUVIER & VALEN- CIENNES); GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 176, 1861 (in part). 2655. PORICHTHYS MARGARITATUS (Richardson). Head 3} to 33; depth 44 to 54. D. II1-387; A. 33. Similar to Porichthys notatus, differing chiefly in color. Top and sides of head and space above pectorals with numerous round dark brown spots and freckles, behind pectorals 6 to 8 vertical } cross bars; dorsal not margined with black, but with 8 to 10 black submarginal spots; anal, with the exception of a few posterior rays, pale; caudal black at base and tip; pectorals with a few dots at base and on upper rays; a roundish white blotch below eye, below this a jet-black crescent. Palatine teeth small, 1 or 2 slightly enlarged. Series of shining spots arranged as in P. notatus, except that the third series extends almost to end of anal, to about its thirtieth ray. Pacific Coast of tropical America. This species was obtained by the Alba- tross in large numbers off the west coast of Colombia, at Station 2795 at Jordan and Evermann,—Ffishes of North America, 2323 a depth of 33 fathoms, and at Station 2802 at a depth of 16 fathoms. The largest specimens are about 44 inches long. In dentition it agrees with Porichthys notatus, but in color and arrangement of spots it resembles P. porosissimus. (margaritatus, bearing pearls; u“apyapos.) - Batrachus margaritatus, RICHARDSON, Voyage Sulphur, Fishes, 67, 1845, Pacific coast of Central America; coloration and arrangement of lines identical with porosissimus. Porichthys nautopedium,* JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 171, Pacific Ocean, off coast of Colombia, Albatross Station, No. 2802, 8° 38’ N., 78° 31/ 30’ W., in16fathoms. (Type, No. 41145, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 861. THALASSOPHRYNE, Giinther. (POISON TOAD-FISHES. ) Thalassophryne, GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, 10,174, 1861 (maculosa.). Body rather elongate, compressed; head moderate. Dorsal spines 2;t soft dorsal and anal rather short, free from caudal; opercle very small, its posterior part developed as a single strong spine; subopercle feebly developed, narrowed and not ending in a spine; no scales on body. Spines hollow, and connected with venom glands. Lateral line on sides of body single; jaws without canine teeth. Species all South American, some of them ascending rivers; all of them noted for their venomous spines.t (6@AaG6a, the sea; ¢pvrn, toad.) * yavtoraisiov, sailor-boy, from the common name ‘‘midshipman,” a name given in allusion to the ‘‘ buttons”’ on the belly of the fish. + In Thalassothia, Berg, a South American genus, likewise with poison glands, 4 dorsal spines are present. { The poison organs of Thalassophryne reticulata are thus described by Dr. Giinther: “In this species I first observed and closely examined the poison organ with which the fishes of this genus are provided. Its structure is as follows: (1) The opercular part: The operculum is very narrow, vertically styliform, and very mobile; it is armed behind with a spine, 8 lines long in a specimen of 104 inches, and of the same form as the venom fang of asnake; it is, however, somewhat less curved, being only slightly bent upward; it has a longish slit at the outer side of its extremity, which leads into a canal perfectly closed, and running along the whole length of its interior; a bristle introduced into the canal reappears through another opening at the base of the spine, entering into a sac situated on the opercle and along the basal half of the spine; the sac is of an oblong- ovate shape, and about double the size of an oat grain. Though the specimen had been preserved in spirits for about 9 months, it still contained a whitish substance of the con- sistency of thick cream, which on the slightest pressure freely flowed from the opening in the extremity of the spine. On the other hand, the sac could be easily filled with air or fluid from the foramen of the spine. No gland could be discovered in the immediate neighborhood of the sac; but on a more careful inspection I found a minute tube floating free in the sac, whilst on the left-hand side there is only a small opening instead of the tube. The attempts to introduce a bristle into this opening for any distance failed, as it appears to lead into the interior of the basal portion of the opereuium, to which the sac firmly adheres at this spot. (2) The dorsal part is composed of the 2 dorsal spines, each of which is 10- lines long. The whole arrangement is the same as in the opercular spines; their slit is at the front side of the point; each has a separate sac, which occupies the front of the basal portion; the contents were the same as in the opercular sacs, but in somewhat greater quantity. A strong branch of the lateral line ascends to the imme- diate neighborhood of their base. Thus we have 4 poison spines, each with a sac at its base; the walls of the sacs are thin, composed of a fibrous membrane, the interior of which is coated over with mucous. There are no secretory glands embedded between these membranes, and these sacs are probably merely the reservoirs in which the fluid secreted accumulates. The absence of a secretory organ in the immediate neighborhood of the reservoirs (an organ the size of which would be in accordance with the quantity of fluid secreted), the diversity of the osseous spines which have been modified into poison organs, and the actual communication indicated by the foramen in the sac, lead me to the opinion that the organ of secretion is either that system of muciferous channels which is found in nearly the whole class of fishes, and the secretion of which has poisonous qualities in a few of them, or at least an independent portion of it. This description was 2324 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. a. Dorsal and anal fins not joined to the caudal. b. Dorsal and anal fins rather short; D. 11-19; A. 18; pectoral fins short, their tips reaching to origin of anal. Color brown, marbled with darker; pectoral fins and sides of body with some round black spots; chin and ventrals brownish; belly white. MACULOSA, 2656. bb. Dorsal and anal fins longer; D. I1-24; A. 24; pectoral fins longer, their tips reaching to sixth anal ray. Color of head, body, and fins brown, with a network of yellowish lines; dorsal, anal, caudal, and pectoral fins with white margins. RETICULATA, 2657. 2656. THALASSOPHRYNE MACULOSA, Giinther. D.II-19; A.18; V.I, 2. The head is somewhat longer than broad, its length being contained 34 in the total; it is moderately depressed. The snout is short, obtuse, with the cleft of the mouth ascending obliquely upward, and with the chin prominent. The maxillary extends to the vertical from the posterior margin of the orbit. The teeth are obtusely conical, standing in single series, except anteriorly in the lower jaw, where they form 2 series, and in the upper, where they are cardiform, in a narrow band. The eyes are directed upward and very small, their width being 4 of that of the bony bridge between the orbits. Gill covers with a single spine; it is long, slender, cylindrical, like one of the dorsal spines, and has the opercu- lum for its base. Gill opening not very narrow; it extends from the upper made from the first example; through the kindness of Captain Dow I received 2 other specimens, and in the hope of proving the connection of the poison bags with the lateral- line system, Lasked Dr. Pettigrew, of the Royal College of Surgeons, a gentleman whose great skill has enriched that collection with a series of the most admirable anatomical preparations, to lend me his assistance in injecting the canals. The injection of the bags through the opening of the spine was easily accomplished; but we failed to drive the fluid beyond the bag, or to fill with it any other part of the system of muciferous chan- nels. ‘This, however, does not disprove the connection of the poison bags with that system, inasmuch as it became apparent that, if there be minute openings they are so contracted by the action of the spirit in which the specimens were preserved, as to be impassable to the fluid of injection. A great part of the lateral-line system consists of open canals; however, on some parts of the body, these canals are entirely covered by the skin; thus, for instance, the open lateral line ceases apparently in the suprascapular region, being continued in the parietal region. We could not discover any trace of an opening by which the open canal leads to below the skin; yet we could distinctly trace the existence of the continuation of the canal by a depressed line, so that it is quite evident that such openings do exist, although they may be passable only in fresh speci- mens. Thus, likewise, the existence of openings in the bags, as I believed to have found in the first specimen dissected, may be proved by examination of fresh examples. The sacs are without an external muscular layer, and situated immediately below the loose, thick skin which envelops their spines to their extremity; the ejection of the poison into a living animal, therefore, can only be effected by the* pressure to which the sac is subjected the moment the spine enters another body. ‘Nobody will suppose that a complicated apparatus like the one described can be intended for conveying an innocuous substance; and therefore I have not hesitated to designate it as poisonous; and, Captain Dow informs me in a letter lately received, ‘the natives of Panama seemed quite familiar with the existence of the spines and of the emission from them of a poison which, when introduced into a wound, caused fever, an effect somewhat similar to that produced by the sting of a scorpion; but in no case was a wound caused by one of them known to result seriously. The slightest pressure of the finger at the base of the spine caused the poison to jet a foot or more from the opening of the spine.’ The greatest importance must be attached to this fact, inasmuch as it assists us in our inquiries into the nature of the functions of the muciferous system, the idea of its being a secretory organ having lately been superseded by the notion that it serves merely as a stratum for the distribution of peripheric nerves. Also the objection that the Stingrays and many Siluroid fishes are not poisonous, because they have no poison organ, can not be maintained, although the organs conveying their poison are neither so well adapted for this purpose nor in such a perfect connection with the secretory mucous system as in Thalassophryne. The poison organ serves merely as a weapon of defense. All the Batrachoids with obtuse teeth on the palate and in the lower jaw feed on Mollusca and Crustaceans.’ (Ginther.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2325 base of the pectoral obliquely downward and forward to the level of the inferior base of the pectoral. The 2 dorsal spines are slender, pungent, about 4 the length of the head. Dorsal and anal fins terminate immedi- ately before the root of the caudal, the length of which is } the total; pectoral obliquely rounded, extending to the origin of the anal; ventral rather short, not quite } the length of the head, extending to the base of the pectoral. Skin perfectly smooth, with some very short tentacles at the lower jaw. Two short horizontal muciferous channels on the cheek and the lateral line are very distinct; they are not, as usually, composed of a series of distant pores, but the pores are confluent, forming 1 continu- ous groove of a white color. Other muciferous channels, as for instance along the base of the anal, are composed of separate indistinct pores. Color brown, marbled with darker; pectoral fins and sides of the body with some round black spots; chin and yentrals brownish; belly white. The general habit is that of a Batrachus [Opsanus]. One specimen, from Puerto Cabello, Caribbean Sea. (Giinther.) (maculosus, spotted.) Thalassophryne maculosa, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 175, 1861, Puerto Cabello; GUNTHER, Fishes of Centr. Amer., 436, pl, 68, fig. 1, 1869; Mm&EK & HALL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 54. 2657. THALASSOPHRYNE RETICULATA, Giinther. D. I-24; A. 24; V. I, 2; P. 16. The length of the head is ? of the total length (without caudal), The teeth on the palate are in a single series, very short, obtuse, incisor-like. Pectoral very large, extend- ing back to the sixth anal ray. Head, body, and fins brown, with a net- work of yellowish lines; vertical and pectoral fins with a white margin. In other respects this species agrees with T. maculosa. Length 13 inches. Panama; notrare. (reticulatus, netted.) Thalassophryne reticulata, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864, 150, 155, Panama; Giin- THER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 437, pl. 68, fig. 2, 1869; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 62; MEEK & HALL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885?. 862. DAZCTOR, Jordan & Evermann, new genus. (POISON 'TOAD-FISHES. ) Deector, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new genus (dow). This genus differs from Thalassophryne in the more elongate body and the many-rayed soft dorsal and anal fins, the last rays of which are fully joined to the caudal. (dazurwp, slayer; from da7fo, to slay.) 26458. DECTOR DOWLI (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 4 in length (43 with caudal); depth 53 (62). D. I-33; A.30. Body comparatively elongate, compressed behind. Head low and rather nar- row, its width 1} in its length. Eye very small, the diameter not 4 the interorbital space, and about as long as snout, 8 in head. Interorbital width about 54 in head. Opercular spine short, nearly 4 in head. Mouth oblique, the lower jaw much projecting. Maxillary 2 in head, extending 2326 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. to beyond eye. Teeth small, those on the palatine largest; teeth of upper jaw smaller than those of the lower; anterior teeth of the lower jaw in about 2 series. Pectoral fins long, 1} in head, reaching about to fifth anal ray; last rays of dorsal and anal fully joined to the caudal. Color olivaceous, with darker blotches; first dorsal black; under parts pale; posterior portion of anal edged with dark. Pacific coast of North Amer- ica, from Punta Arenas to Panama; rare. (Named for Capt. John M. Dow, who obtained a fine specimen (now destroyed) from Panama. ) Thalassophryne dowi, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1887, 388, Punta Arenas (Lype, No. 39085, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Cornell University); JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 231, pl. 38. Suborder XENOPTERYGII. (THE CLING-FISHES.) Breast with a broad sucking disk, between the wide-set ventral fins, this formed from the skin of the breast, not from the ventral fins them- selves. Ventral rays I, 4 or 1,5; no scales; no spinous dorsal; no sub- orbital ring; palatine arcade materially modified; no air bladder; verte- brie in increased numbers; gill arches reduced. A well-marked group of small fishes, constituting a single family, (é&vos, strange; mrépvé, fin.) Family CXCIX. GOBIESOCIDA. (CLING-FISHES. ) Body rather elongate, tadpole-shaped, broad and depressed in front, covered by smooth, naked skin; mouth moderate; upper jaw protractile; teeth usually rather strong, the anterior conical or incisor-like; posterior canines sometimes present; suborbital ring wanting; no bony stay from suborbital across cheek; opercle reduced to a spine-like projection con- cealed in the skin, behind the angle of the large preorercle, this spine sometimes obsolete; pseudobranchix small or wanting, gills 3 or 24; gill membranes broadly united, free or united to the isthmus; dorsal fin on the posterior part of the body, opposite to the anal and similar to it, both fins without spines; ventral fins wide apart, each with 1 concealed spine and 4 or 5 soft rays. Between and behind the ventrals is a large sucking disk, the ventrals usually forming part of it. This sucking disk, which is wholly different in structure from that of Cyclopterus and Liparis, is thus described by Dr. Giinther: ‘‘The whole disk is exceedingly large, subcircular, longer than broad, its length being (often) 4 of the whole length of the fish. The central portion is formed merely by skin, which is separated from the pelvic or pubic bones by several layers of muscles. The peripheric portion is divided into an anterior and posterior part by a deep notch behind the ventrals. The anterior peripheric portion is formed by the ventral rays, the membrane between them and a broad fringe, which extends anteriorly from one ventral to the other. This fringe is a fold of the skin containing on one side the rudimentary ventral spine, but Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2327 no cartilage. The posterior peripheric portion is suspended on each side on the coracoid, the upper bone of which is exceedingly broad, becoming a free, movable plate behind the pectoral. The lower bone of the cora- coid is of a triangular form, and supports a very broad fold of the skin, extending from one side to the other, and containing a cartilage which runs through the whole of that fold. Fine processes of the cartilage are continued into the soft striated margin, in which the disk terminates posteriorly. The face of the disk is coated with a thick epidermis, like the sole of the foot in higher animals. The epidermis is divided into many polygonal plates. There are no such plates between the roots of the ventral fins.” (Giinther, Cat., m1, 495.) No air bladder; intestines short; pyloric ceca few or none; skeleton firm; vertebr 13 or 14+-13 to 22 = 26 to 36. Carnivorous fishes of small size, chiefly of the warm seas, usually living among loose stones between the tide marks and clinging to them firmly by means of the adhesive disk. Their relations are obscure, but they are probably descended from allies or ancestors of the Cottide or Batrachoidide. Genera about 15; species 50. The principal genus is Gobiesox. (Gobesocide, Giinther, Cat., 111, 489-515.) GOBIESOCIN 2: a. Gill membranes free from the isthmus; gills 3; posterior part of sucking disk with no free anterior margin. b. Incisors of lower jaw with entire edges. c. Vertebra about 32; anal fin long, nearly as long as dorsal. CAULARCHUS, 863. ce. Vertebree about 26; anal fin short. d. Dorsal fin very long, of about 17 rays, twice as long as the moderate anal, which has 8 or 9 rays; disk broad; upper teeth in several rows. BRYSSETERES, 864. dd. Dorsal fin moderate or short, of 4 to 13 rays. e. Disk more or less broad, its length 24 to 3 in body; dorsal and anal not very short, their rays 6 or more; body tapering rapidly backward; opercular spine strong. GOBIESOX, 865. ee. Disk very narrow, its width 4 to 5in body; head short, 34 to 4 in body; dorsal and anal very short and small; a patch of teeth in each jaw behind the large teeth; sucking disk small. RIMICOLA, 866. bb. Incisors of lower jaw tricuspid or serrate; dorsal and anal fins short; verte- bre about 28. ARBACIOSA, 867. 863. CAULARCHUS, Gill. Caularchus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 330 (maandricus). This genus differs from Gobiesox chiefly in the numerous vertebree, 32 in the only species known. The incisors are entire, the anal fin similar to the dorsal, each haying 12 or 13 rays. The single species reaches a large size and is found farther north than any other of the group, a fact in accord with the increased number of vertebre. (xa@vdA06s, stem; Gpyds, anus; from the many-rayed anal.) 2328 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2659. CAULARCHUS MEANDRICUS (Girard). (SUCK-FISH.) Head 22; depth 6}. D.13; A.12; V.1,4; vertebree 13+ 19—32; eye 74 in head; distance from vent to caudal 2% in length of body; sucking disk as broad as long, 3} in length. Head broad, nearly circular when viewed from above; interorbital width 3 in head; mouth wide, its width more than } length of head; maxillary extending to below eye; outer teeth of upper jaw rather strong, close set, vertical, conical, or slightly com- pressed, a narrow band of small, conical teeth behind them; lower jaw with larger teeth, 6 or 8 of the anterior broad, incisor-like, with entire edges, placed nearly horizontally; lateral and posterior teeth small, as in upper jaw; nostrils ending in tubes; spine on opercle sharp, but not pro- jecting through the skin; origin of dorsal fin a little in advance of vent, the fin much higher than the anal; vent midway between anal and poste- rior edge of disk; pectorals short and broad, not extending back past the margin of the ventral disk, the 3 lower rays forming part of disk; caudal rounded. Color light olive, everywhere reticulated with brownish orange; middle of upper lip black; a light bar between eyes and 1 across cheek; vertical fins dusky; caudal with 2 faint brownish bars near its base. Specimens from red alg are light pink, mottled with darker, the pale band between eyes very distinct. Length6inches. Pacific coast of United States, from Vancouver Island to Point Concepcion; everywhere very abundant in rock pools; the largest species of Gobiesocidw. (meaandricus, meandering, in allusion to the reticulated streaks.) Lepadogaster reticulatus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 155, San Luis Obispo, California; name preoccupied. Lepidogaster meandricus, GIRARD, Pacific R. R. Surv., X, Fishes, 130, 1858, San Luis Obispo, California; substitute for reticulatus, preoccupied in Lepadogaster; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 505, 1861. Gobiesox reticulatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 749, 1883. 864. BRYSSETAERES, Jordan & Evermann. Bryssetceres, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 230 (pinniger). This genus differs from Gobiesox solely in the great development of the dorsal fin, which has 17 rays, the moderate anal having but 8 or 9; the vertebree 10-+16, as usual in Gobiesor. One species known. ((U66os, sea-urchin; €zrazpos, comrade, the species living in rock pools with the sea-urchins. ) 2660. BRYSSETERES PINNIGER (Gilbert). Head 23 to 2%; width of body 41; of head 3 in length. D.16 or 17; A. 8 or 9, Interorbital width 34 in head; eye 4 interorbital width; width of mouth 12 to 1} in head. Teeth in upper jaw conic, acute, in several series, the anterior row in front enlarged, unequal; in lower jaw the teeth mesially in 2 distinct series, those in middle of anterior row nar- row, entire incisors, those laterally conic, canine-like. No evident oper- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2329 cular spine. Disk about as broad as long, its length about that of head. Front of dorsal varying in position, about midway between snout and base of caudal, its length about 4 that of body. Vent nearly equidistant between disk and front of anal, the base of the latter 34 to 32 in body. Caudal 14 to 1? in head. Pectorals about 4 of head, with a distinct fold at base. Color variable; anteriorly usually with reticulating dark lines surrounding yellowish spots; a narrow dark streak forward, 1 downward, and 1 backward from orbit; below dorsal fin about 6 dark bars running obliquely downward and backward, these sometimes in greater number, frequently more or less irregular and interconnected, often divided by vertical streaks or series of dots; body sometimes light in spirits, with out distinctive markings; vertical fins usually dusky, narrowly margined with white, sometimes lighter with dark margins. Length 24 inches. (Gilbert.) Gulf of California, abundant; specimens known from Puerto Refugio (Angel Island), San Luis Gonzales Bay, and La Paz. Well dis- tinguished by its long dorsal. (pinniger, fin-bearing.) Gobiesox pinniger, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 94, Puerto Refugio, Gulf of Cali- fornia. (Coll. Albatross.) Brysseteres pinniger, JORDAN, Proc, Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 230, pl. 34, 865. GOBIESOX, Lacépéde. (CLING-FISHES. ) Gobiesox, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 595, 1799 (cephalus), Megaphalus, RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la Nature 1815, 86 (cephalus, substitute for Gobie- sox, regarded as an objectionable compound). Sicyases, MULLER & TROSCHEL, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1843, 298 (sanguineus; small spe- cies, with upper teeth uniserial). Tomicodon, BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE, Rev. Zool., 144, 1846 (chilensis = Sicyases). Sicyogaster, BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE, Rev. Zool., 144, 1846 (marmoratus= Gobiesox). Bryssophilus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new subgenus (papillifer). Body anteriorly very broad and depressed, posteriorly slender, covered with tough, smooth skin; opercle with a strong spine; head large, rounded in front; mouth terminal, crescent-shaped; lower jaw witk a series of strong incisors in front, their edges rounded or truncate; upper jaw with a series of strong teeth, behind which are sometimes smaller teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines; gills 3; gill membranes broadly united under the throat, not attached to the isthmus; sucking disk large, the posterior portion without anterior free margin. Dorsal and anal moderate, the dor- sal rays 6 to 12, the anal rays 6 to10. Vertebre about 26, as far as known. Species numerous, all American; mostly tropical, clinging to rocks near the shore. (Gobius; Esox ; the resemblances either to the goby or the pike being few or remote.) BRYSSOPHILUS (Spvagos, sea urchin; ¢rAcew, to love) : a. Dorsal fin comparatively long, of about 13 rays; anal rays 9; disk broad; upper teeth in several rows; lower incisors narrow; papille below chin; color olivaceous. : PAPILLIFER, 2661, aa. Dorsal fin moderate or short, its rays 6 to 11. 3030 69 2330 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. GOBIESOX : c. Upper teeth in more than1 series (character not verified in afew species); head broad. d. Coloration in life chiefly olivaceous, without red, sometimes banded with darker or paier. e. Dorsal rays 12; anal rays 7. GYRINUS, 2662. ee. Dorsal rays 11; anal rays 6; fins black. NIGRIPINNIS, 2663. eee. Dorsal rays 9 or 10; anal rays 6. CEPHALUS, 2664. ecee. Dorsal rays 8; anal rays 6. TUDES, 2665. eeeee. Dorsal rays 11; anal rays 10. STRUMOSUS, 2666. eeeeee. Dorsal rays 10; anal rays 8. VIRGATULUS, 2667. eeceeee. Dorsal rays 9; anal rays 7. f. Width of head 3% in length; color plain brown. ADUSTUS, 2668. ff. Width of head 5 in length; color blackish, with yellow vermiculations. FUNEBRIS, 2669. eeeeeeee. Dorsal rays 7; anal rays 7; eyes variegated. PCECILOPHTHALMUS, 2670. dd. Coloration in life chiefly bright red, or else with red spots or bands, the color not fading in spirits. g. Color red, with deep red spots. D.6; A. 5. RHODOSPILUS, 2671. gg. Color uniform red, unspotted, the color not fading in spirits; dor- sal rays 6 to 8; anal rays 6. h. Lower jaw with short incisors on each side, followed by ca- nines. MACROPHTHALMUS, 2672. hh. Lower jaw with 2 horizontal incisors on each side, the third horizontal tooth not incisor-like; no distinct canines. CERASINUS, 2673. SICYASES (otxva, a sucking cup made of a gourd): ce. Upper teeth in a single series (character not verified on some species); dorsal and anal short- v. Color chiefly red. j. Body with cross bands of deep red; iris red; dorsal rays 6; analrays5; head broad, the eyes very large. ERYTHROPS, 2674. jj. Body with dark cross bands and with spots of clear blue; body rather slender. D.6or7; A. 6. RUBIGINOSUS, 2675. jjj. Body plain, light red; form rather slender. CARNEUS, 2676. ti. Color olivaceous er brownish, not red. k. Dorsal rays 9; anal rays 6. l. Color olivaceous, without bands. HERES, 2677. ll. Color greenish, with 3 dark cross bands and many dots. PUNCTULATUS, 2678. kk. Dorsal rays 7; anal rays 7; body with dark cross bands. FASCIATUS, 2679. Subgenus BRYSSOPHILUS, Jordan & Evermann. 2661. GOBIESOX PAPILLIFER, Gilbert. Head 22; width of body 33; width of head 2%. D.13; A.9. Width of mouth 14 in head; interorbital width 3; eye 4 interorbital width; teeth in upper jaw conic, acute, very small, in 2 or more series, 2 of them slightly enlarged, canine-like; teeth in lower jaw in 2 series, the outer anteriorly, narrow entire incisors, with rounded tips, becoming conical laterally; opercular spine sharp, evident, though not projecting through the integument; lips and lower side of head anteriorly with fleshy pa- pill ; disk about as broad as long, its length 14 in head; distance from Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2331 front of dorsal to base of caudal 1} in its distance from tip of snout; vent exceptional in position, immediately in front of anal fin; base of anal 12 in head; caudal rather acute, 13 in head; pectorals 23 in head, a distinct fleshy fold at base. In spirits, uniform dark olivaceous, lower side of head and disk light; pectorals dusky; vertical fins with a black bar at base, then a white bar, followed by a wide, dusky area, and narrowly margined with white; caudal with all these marks except the black bar, having the posterior outlines curved, following margin of fin. Length 14 inches. Magdalena Bay, Lower California. (Gilbert.) Possibly related to the genus Caularchus. (papilla; fero, I bear.) Gobiesox papillifer, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 96, Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali- fornia. (Coll. Albatross.) Subgenus GOBIESOX. 2662. GOBIESOX GYRINUS, Jordan & Evermann, new species. B.6; D.12; A.7; V.1,4; P.20. A vertical fold of skin at base of pectoral ; coracoid distinctly below level of upper margin of pectoral; teeth of upper jaw cardiform, lower jaw with very narrow but compressed incisors, which are as short as the other teeth. Lateral profile of head nearly semicircu- lar; head much depressed, as long as broad, its length being ? of the total; width of interorbital space somewhat less than 4 greatest width of head, or 3 times diameter of eye; cleft of mouth extending beyond anterior mar- gin of eye; distance of origin of dorsal from caudal more than 4 of its distance from snout. Brownish, with scattered dark spots; a black blotch anteriorly on the dorsal fin. Length 3 inches. (Giinther.) West Indies; not seen by us. A valid species, according to Dr. Giinther, but apparantly as yet without tenable specific name, as the original Cyclopterus nudus, Linneus, must have been some other fish. (gyrinus; yupivos, a tadpole. ) Lepadogaster nudus, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 2, 1801; in part, description taken from Cyclopterus nudus, Linnwus, except the count of fin rays. D,12; A.6. Cotylis nuda, MULLER & TROSCHEL, Hor. Ichth., 1, 18, pl. 3, f. 2, Gobiesox nudus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 502, 1861, Island of Cordova. (Col). G. U. Skinner.) : Gobiesox gyrinus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 491, 1896, Cordova; after GUNTHER; name only. 2663. GOBIESOX NIGRIPINNIS (Peters). D. 11; A. 6; P. 22. “Nostrils, mouth, teeth, opercular spine, and fin rays as in Cotylis stannii (Gobiesox cephalus), but the dorsal fin longer. Light brown above (minutely dotted with black, if viewed by a magni- fier); vertical fins black.” Puerto Cabello (Peters); not seen by us; a doubtful species, perhaps identical with G. cephalus or G. nudus. (niger, black; pinna, fin.) Cotylis nigripinnis, PETERS, Berl. Monatsber. 1859, 412, Puerto Cabello. Gobiesox nigripinnis, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 502, 1861; after Perers; GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 390, 1869. 2332 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 2664. GOBIESOX CEPHALUS, Lacépéde. (THTARD; TESTAR.) D. 9 or 10; A. 6; C. 12; P. 19 or 20. Head and anterior part of body very broad, much depressed ; skin tough, naked, and smooth; head nearly as broad as long, with its profile semielliptical, the snout being very obtuse and rounded. The upper surface of the head is quite flat, gently sloping downward in a straight line from the nape to the snout. The greatest width of the interorbital space is} of that of the head, or 4 times the diameter of the eye. The cleft of the mouth is horizontal, curved, wide, extending to below the center of the eye; the lips are thick, the lower being divided into 5 portions by 4 vertical grooves, the central por- tion being the smallest, the lateral ones the largest and hanging down- ward. The upper jaw is slightly protractile, and there is a broad velum behind the teeth in each jaw. A band of short conical teeth in the upper jaw; a single series in the lower, the anterior ones being slightly com- pressed incisors, and small like the lateral teeth, which are conical. The eye is small, situated immediately below the upper profile of the head. Two nostrils, close together, opposite the upper angle of the orbit, their margins being slightly raised. The lower angle of the opercular apparatus terminates posteriorly in an obtuse movable point enveloped in skin and directed backward. The gill openings are somewhat narrow in conse- quence of the small degree of expansibility of the gill covers, but the gill membranes have the margin quite free, being united together under the throat, and not attached to the isthmus. There are only 3 gills; the pseudobranchie are quite rudimentary, indicated by 2 or 3 short lamell. The distance of the origin of the dorsal fin from the caudal is nearly $ of its distance from the snout, its first ray is much shorter than the others, and apparently without articulations. The caudal rounded and of mod- erate length; the anal is only $ as long as the dorsal, commencing below its middle and terminating in the same vertical. The pectoral is broad and short, its lower § being longer than the upper; it is slightly connected with the ventral. A vertical fold of the skin at the base of the pectoral; the coracoid isso high as to reach to the upper margin of the pectoral. The adhesive apparatus as broad as long, its length being contained 34 times in the total. The vent and the porus urogenitalis are close together, sit- uated midway between the margin of the ventral disk and the anal. The anal papilla is small. The color is brown (in spirits), whitish inferiorly. Length of adult, 7 inches. (Giinther.) Caribbean Sea, said to be com- mon; not seen by us. The original G. cephalus seems nearer the next species, if the 2 are really different. If that be the case the present species may stand as Gobiesox stannii. But we have no material adequate to settle this question. (cephalus, big-headed; xedadA7, head.) Gobiesox cephalus, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 595, 1798, Martinique; on a drawing by PuumigER; D.8; A.4o0r5; color plain reddish; analinserted behind dorsal; head broad; eyes blue; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 499, 1861. Lepadogaster testar, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 445, 1801, Martinique; after PLUMIER. Cotylis stannii, MULLER & TROSCHEL, Hor. Ichthyol., 111, 18, taf. 3, fig. 3, 1845. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2333 2665. GOBIESOX TUDES, Richardson. Head 24; depth 43; width of head 24. D.&8; A. 6 in plate (5 in the description, the first short ray apparently not counted by Richardson). Head very broad, as broad as long, abruptly truncated anteriorly ; mouth large, the maxillary reaching front of eye; lower jaw included; teeth entire; eye large, 4{ in head, a little more than } interorbital width, 1} in snout. Distance from front of dorsal to caudal about equal to length of head; insertion of dorsal before vent; the anal behind dorsal and much shorter than it; pectorals short. Color uniform, probably greenish, with- out spots or stripes. Length 5 inches. Locality ‘‘unknown, but supposed to be from China.” (Richardson.) The species is, however, certainly not Chinese and is more likely to be from the West Indies. This species dif- fers from Gobiesox cephalus, as described by Giinther, in the larger eye and shorter dorsal. It is probably the same species. (tudes, hammer.) Gobiesox tudes, RICHARDSON, Voy. Sulphur, Fish., 103, pl. 46, figs. 1-3, 1845, habitat unknown, erroneously supposed to be China. 2666. GOBIESOX STRUMOSUS, Cope. D. 11; A. 10; C.16; P. 21. Head extremely wide, its width 22 in total length; this width partly produced by a large fleshy mass extending from end of maxillary to end of interopercle ; eye small; profile of head descend- ing abruptly from posterior line of orbits. Superior dental series 12 on each side, externally, but the 3 median teeth conceal some series of which the second 3 external teeth are a continuation; inferior teeth 11 on each side; 4 median incisors horizontal and subequal; no marked canine. Bluish plumbeons, fins blackish. (Cope.) Hilton Head, South Carolina, and Indian River, Florida; 4 specimens recently taken at Titus- ville by Evermann & Bean; apparently distinguished from G. virgatulus by its longer anal. (strumosus, from struma, a scrofulous tumor, alluding to the swollen cheek. ) Gobiesox strumosus, COPE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 121, Hilton Head, South Caro- lina; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 749, 1883; EVERMANN & BEAN, Fishes of Indian River, Florida, in Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1896, 248. 2667. GOBIESOX VIRGATULUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 2% (3? with caudal); width of head 34; depth 6 (7 in total). D. 10; A.8o0r9; vertebre 10+ 16—26. Body rather slender, the head low and rather broad, broadly rounded anteriorly; eyes very small, about 4 to 6 in head, about 24 in interorbital width; interorbital space broad, slightly convex. Cheeks prominent; opercle ending in a sharp spine. Cleft of mouth extending to below front of orbit; lower jaw somewhat shorter than upper. Teeth of upper jaw in a narrow band of about 2 series; 4 teeth of outer series a little larger than the rest, somewhat canine-like; middle teeth of lower jaw incisor-like and partly horizontal, their edges entire or somewhat concave. Ventral disk considerably shorter than head. Distance from root of caudal to front of dorsal 24 in length. Pectoral 23034 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, short, about 22 in head. Color in life olivaceous, with numerous paler spots and broad diffuse dark bars; the whole body covered with rather faint, wavy, longitudinal stripes or lines of a light orange-brown color, about as wide as the interspace, much as in some species of Liparis, these entirely disappearing in alcohol; skin everywhere with dark punctu- lations; caudalr dusky, slightly barred with paler, its tip abruptly yel- lowish; dorsal and anal dusky, the darker parts corresponding to dark bars on the body, barred. A rather large species. Length 2 to 4 inches. Common among ballast rocks, from Pensacola Bay north to Charleston. Our specimens from Pensacola and Charleston. (virgatulus, narrowly striped.) Gobiesox virgatulus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 293, Pensacola, Florida (Coll. Jordan & Stearns); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 958. 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 236; JoRDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 149. 2668. GOBIESOX ADUSTUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 3; depth 54. D.9; A.7. Head and body broad and flat, much de- pressed; width of head nearly equal to its length, 3; in body. Incisors in middle of lower jaw entire, broad; those in upper jaw narrow, blunt, little compressed, entire, shorter than the lateral teeth; behind these 2 or 3 series of smaller teeth. Eyes rather large, separated by a broad interor- bital space, which is + length of head and about 4 greater than diameter of eye. Opercular spine sharp. Pectoral short, about 4 length of head; ventral disk as long as head; distance from base of caudal to front of dorsal equaling ;°5 of the length; caudal rounded behind. Brown, banded with blackish on body, head marbled with darker brown; front of dorsal black, the fins dusky with darker points. Pacific Coast of Mexico. Three specimens, the largest about 2 inches long, were obtained in a tide pool at Mazatlan. (adustus, scorched; brown.) Gobiesox adustus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 360, Mazatlan, Mexico; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 627; JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm, 1882, 108. 2669. GOBIESOX FUNEBRIS, Gilbert. Body rather slender, its width 5 in length; width of head 3} to nearly 4; head 2? to 3 in length; depth } head. D.9; A.6o0r7. Teeth in upper jaw conical, in several series, unequal but without canines; in lower jaw mesially in 2 series, the outer of narrow, entire incisors, truncate or rounded, without lateral canines. Interorbital space wide, 3 in head, the eye small, + interorbital width. Mouth very wide, + or more than 4 length of head. Ventral disk wider than long, its length 13 to 1% in head. No evident opercular spine. Distance from front of dorsal to base of caudal 2% to 3 in length anterior to dorsal; distance from vent to front of anal fin 13 to 1} in distance from vent to disk; base of dorsal from 14 to 14 in head; base of anal about 4} head; caudal rounded, 12 to 1} in head; pec- torals 3} in head. Color varying from dark olive brown to black, every- where covered with fine, yellowish vermiculations, usually arranged to Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2335 form narrow lighter bars on the sides; 3 or obscure dark streaks radia- ting from the eye; blackish below, the fins varying from blackish to straw color. Length 24 inches. (Gilbert.) Gulf of California; abundant at Puerto Refugio (Angel Island) and La Paz. (funebris, funereal, from the dark color.) Gobiesox funebris, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 95, Puerto Refugio, Gulf of Cali- fornia. (Coll. Albatross.) 2670. GOBIESOX P@CILOPHTHALMUS, Jenyns, Head 3, as wide as long. D.7; A.7. Opereular spine long and slender; teeth strong, somewhat crowded in front, the anterior in both jaws incisor- like; upper teeth conical, with smaller ones behind; 6 middle teeth of lower jaw incisor-like, projecting forward, their form not described (probably entire). Eyes large, close together, less than a diameter apart. General color olivaceous or brownish white, unmarked; iris golden, with pink and blue. Length 12 inches. (Jenyns.) Chatham Island, Galapagos; only the single type known. (zozxzlos, variegated; 0¢§aduds, eye.) Gobiesox pecilophthalmus, JENYNS, Voy. Beagle, Fishes, 141, pl. 27, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 1842, Chat- ham Island (Coll. Darwin); GUNTHER, Cat., I, 503, 1861. 2671. GOBIESOX RHODOSPILUS, Giinther. D. 6; A.5; C.8or9; P.16. A vertical fold of skin along lower half of base of pectoral. Distance from front of dorsal to caudal 2% in its dis- tance from snout; anal before third dorsal ray. A very narrow band of short conical teeth in upper jaw, 1 lateral tooth larger than the others, recurved, canine-like; lower jaw with 1 series of teeth, the anterior nar- row incisors, the outer distinctly canine, like the outer above. Rose- colored with rose-red transverse spots, each with an edge of deep-red dots. Panama. (Giinther.) Not seen by us; known from 2 specimens, each 14 inches long. (odor, rose; omidos, spot.) Gobiesox rhodospilus, GijNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 25, Panama (Coll. Captain Dow); GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 445, 1869. 2672. GOBIESOX MACROPHTHALMUS, Giinther. Eye 44 inhead. D.8; A.6; C.12; P.22. Head and anterior part of body very broad and much depressed, the head as broad as long, its profile semi- elliptical, the snout obtuse and rounded; top of head quite flat; interor- bital width equal to eye. Mouth horizontal, curved, moderate, the cleft reaching beyond anterior margin of eye; an acute spine at lower angle of opercle; 4 short incisors on each side in lower jaw, separated from the conical lateral teeth by a larger canine-like tooth. Insertion of dorsal nearer caudal than snout; caudal rounded. Color, uniform reddish. (Giinther.) Locality unknown; probably West Indies. (“waxpos, large; OPI aA Ws, eye.) Dr. Eigenmann gives the following notes on a small specimen from St. 2336 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Thomas, which seems referable to Gobiesox macrophthalmus, differing in the slightly shorter dorsal and larger eye: “Dorsal 6 or 7; anal about 7; head about 3; width of body 33; width of mouth 2 in head; interorbital width 43, equal to snout, Eye large, 24 in head. Teeth in the upper jaw conic, in more than 1 series in front, some in the outer row enlarged; teeth on the lower jaw in a single series, about 4 blunt incisors on each side followed by the canines, behind which the teeth are much smaller and conic. Width of disk 1¢ in its length, 24 in head; opercular spine strong; distance of origin of dorsal from caudal 21 in its distance from tip of snout. Sides and back uniform bright red; eye black, iris bright red; lower surface yellow, dotted with bright red. One specimen 23 mm. long in the Museum of the University of Indiana from St. Thomas (Coll. Edward W. Brigham), much shrunken and fins hardened by strong alcohol.” (Eigenmann, in lit.) Gobiesox macrophthalmus, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 502, 1861, locality unknown. 2673. GOBIESOX CERASINUS, Cope. Head 8 in total with caudal. D.6; A.6; C.12; P.24; V.4. Head very wide, ovate, as broad as long to upper base of pectoral. Eye large, 34 in head, equal to frontal width. Ten teeth on each side of each jaw, none of the upper being incisors, the 2 median on each side larger than the others; 3 teeth on each side in lower jaw horizontal, the others vertical, 2 of the horizontal teeth incisors, the median one on each side of these much the larger; each horizontal tooth with a small one behind it; no canines. Profile regularly descending from supraoccipital; a long subopercular spine. Dorsal beginning with last fourth of distance between tip of snoutand base of caudal. Body and fins light crimson lake above, whitish below; nospots. One specimen, 24 inches long, from St. Martins. (Cope.) (xepcaozyv os, cerasinus, cherry color.) ? Cyclopterusnudus, LINNXUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 260, 1758, ‘‘ India ;’’ from a specimen in Mus. Adolph Fred. (tab. 27), said to be 2 inches in length; the head broad with a sharp spine behind; dorsal rays 6; not Lepadogaster nudus, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 2, 1801, who give ‘‘D.12, A.6,’’* the description otherwise that of Linneus: not Gobiesox nudus of recent authors, which is a species (G. gyrinus) allied to G. vir- gatulus. Gobiesox cerasinus, Copk, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Xtv, 1871, 473, St. Martins, West Indies. (Coll, Dr. R. E. Van Rijgersma. Type in Ac. Sei. Phila.) Subgenus SICYASES,} Miiller & Troschel. 2674. GOBIESOX ERYTHROPS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 23; depth 6. D.6; A.5. Head scarcely longer than broad, pro- portionately very broad and depressed, its breadth 3 times in total. *We do not know by what authority the number of fin rays given by Linnzeus (D. 6) was altered to ‘‘ D.12, A.6” by Schneider (Syst.Ichth.). The last-named figures agree with nudus, as described by Dr. Giinther, that is, with our G. gyrinus. If the Linnzwan type of nudus really had D. 6, it must have been cerasinus or macrophthalmus or some very similar species. The scanty Linnean description agrees best with cerasinus. The name nudus, if used at all, must be taken for a species to which the Linnean description may be applied. Inour judgment the uncertainty is too great to justify the substitution of nudus for either cerasinus or macrophthalmus. It could be no other known species, however. + This subgenus is composed of small species with the upper teeth in 1 series. This character should be verified on all our species, as perhaps none of them helongs to it. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 23347 Incisors in both jaws, entire and rather broad, the lateral teeth, as usual, pointed; no canines. Eyes very large, considerably wider than the nar- row interorbital area, 3} in head; interorbital area nearly 5 in head. Ventral disk a little longer than head, 23 in body. Pectoral about 4 length of head. Distance from front of dorsal to caudal, 3? in body. Caudal truncate, with rounded edges. Light olivaceous; body with 3 or 4 bars of cherry red; head marbled with red; eyes intensely cherry red, their upper border blackish; fins pale, the upper mottled with reddish; caudal barred with red. Two specimens, 1} inches long, taken in a rock pool at Mazatlan; also recorded from the Tres Marias Islands. (épv§pds, red; wy, eye.) Gobiesox erythrops, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 320, Mazatlan, Mexico (Type, No. 29248. Coll. Gilbert); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1882, 108; JORDAN, Fishes of Sinaloa, in Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 499. 2675. GOBIESOX RUBIGINOSUS (Poey). D.6 or 7; A.6; V.4; P.25. Head 3, including caudal, its greatest width twice its height; eye 2 in interorbital width. Body slender; head semi- oval, obtuse; distance from front of dorsal to caudal 13 in length, inelud- ing caudal; dorsal opposite anal, beginning at fourth seventh of total length; mouth terminal; teeth not examined by Poey. Color red, with 12 dark bands and with many scattered spots of clear blue on the body; eyes with a red circle. Length 22 mm. Cuba (Poey); not seen by us; locally common at Matanzas; perhaps a species of Arbaciosa. (rubiginosus, reddish. ) Sicyases rubiginosus, POEY, Synopsis, 391, 1868, wharves of Palmasola, Matanzas, Cuba (Coll, Poey); Pory, Enumeratio, 124, 1875. 2676. GOBIESOX CARNEUS (Poey). Head rounded; body very slender; eyes large, as wide as interorbital space; mouth inferior; teeth not examined by Poey. Color pale red, with some white specks and bands. Length 22 mm. Otherwise essentially as in Gobiesox rubiginosus. (Poey.) Matanzas; a doubtful species. (carneus, flesh-colored. ) Sicyases carneus, PoEY, Synopsis, 392, 1868, wharves of Palmasola, Matanzas, Cuba (Coll. Poey); PoEy, Enumeratio, 124, 1875. 2677. GOBIESOX HERES, Jordan & Bollman. Head 2? (31 in total); depth 6 (71). D.9; A.6. Body rather slender; head low and broad, greatest breadth not quite equal to length, its anterior margin not so broadly rounded as in G. virgatulus. Eyes very small, 13 in interorbital space, 5 in head; interorbital bone appearing convex, least width 34 in head and about equal to length of snout; cleft of mouth ex- tending to beyond middle of eye; lower jaw included; teeth uniserial, those of upper jaw all canines, the first 3 on each side small, but becom- ing larger outward, next 3 or 4 much larger, rest smaller than those in front; anterior teeth of lower jaw entire incisors, which have on each side 2338 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. about 6 large graduated canines and behind these a few smaller ones; teeth of lower jaw slightly oblique. Distance from front of dorsal to root of caudal about 22 in body (34 in total). Pectorals moderate, 2 in head; ventral disk 1} in head. Color olivaceous, without any distinct bands; the occipital region and the caudal peduncle darker; body irregularly mottled with groups of darker spots; nape, preopercle, cheeks, and snout with numerous dark points; indistinct dark lines radiating from eye; lips dark; fins dusky; dorsal and anal with the first rays black; a pale spot near base of caudal; axil of pectoral dusky. Green Turtle Cay, Ba- hamas; a single specimen known, 2} inches in length. (heres, one who clings. ) Gobiesox heres, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 552, Green Turtle Cay, Bahamas. (Coll. Dr. Charles L. Edwards.) 2678. GOBIESOX PUNCTULATUS (Poey). Head very broad, 3 in total length with caudal. D. 9; A. 6. Color brown, covered with black points; 3 dark transverse bands; none on the head. Teeth not described, the incisors probably entire. Length 38 mm. Cuba (Poey); not seen by us. (punctulatus, speckled.) Sicyases punctulatus, POEY, Enumeratio, 124, 1875, Havana. 2679. GOBIESOX FASCIATUS (Peters). D.7; A.7; head and body with alternate dark green and yellowish cross bands. Commencement of dorsal before that of anal, its distance from caudal equal to length of its base. Type,50mm. long. (Peters); not seen by us; teeth not described. Puerto Cabello. (fasciatus, banded.) Sicyases fasciatus, PETERS, Monatsber. Berl. Acad. 1859, 412, Puerto Cabello; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 497, 1861; GUNTHER, Fishes Centr. Amer., 390, 1869. 866. RIMICOLA, Jordan & Evermann., Rimicola, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 231 (muscarum). This genus differs from Gobiesor mainly in the very slender body and head. Head 3} to 4 in length, its width less than its length; dorsal and anal very short, of 4 to 6 rays each; incisors entire; a crescent-shaped patch of teeth in each jaw behind the large teeth; opercular spine weak or obsolete; sucking disk small. Species of small size; living below tide marks. (rima, a crevice; colo, I inhabit.) a. Dorsal rays 6; anal 5; color yellowish, with a brown lateral band and numerous brownish spots. MUSCARUM, 2680. aa. Dorsal rays 4; anal5; color uniform light green. EIGENMANNI, 2681. 2680. RIMICOLA MUSCARUM (Meek & Pierson). Head 34 in length; depth 83; D.6; A.5. Body elongate, slender, de- pressed anteriorly, but very narrow, slightly compressed posteriorly, the greatest width of body immediately behind head, 7 in length. Head nar- row, much depressed, wider posteriorly. Eye small, its diameter 24 in interorbital width, 5 in head. Maxillary reaching to the front of the eye, Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2339 its length less than 3in head. Teeth in upper jaw conical, acute, curved, forming a crescent-shaped patch, those of the anterior row enlarged; in the lower jaw an anterior row of about 5 broad, entire incisors placed nearly horizontally; behind these a crescent-shaped patch of teeth, simi- lar to those in the upper jaw, becoming canine-like laterally. No evident opercular spine. Ventral disk longer than broad, its length 1} in head 64 in length; distance from vent to front of anal 24 in the distance from vent to disk; pectoral fin broad, short, 24 in head; dorsal and anal fins small, the anal slightly in advance; caudal fin rounded. Ground color, in alcohol, light yellowish, paler below; above everywhere sparsely cov- ered with distinct brownish-red spots about as large as pupil; a lateral band of the same color begins on the front of the snout, where it joins the one on the opposite side, extends through the eye across the opercle to the caudal, becoming very indistinct posteriorly; this lateral stripe is in strong contrast with the uniform pale ventral surface. Coast of Cali- fornia. Two specimens were dredged in Monterey Bay at a depth of about 10 fathoms. One of these, the type, is 14 inches long. The second speci- men (1,1); inches long) has the dorsal spots confined to the top of the head and nuchal region and the lateral stripe disappearing slightly behind middle of body, and having the ventral surface marked posteriorly with brownish-red spots like the spots on the dorsal surface. (muscarum, of the flies, from the fly-speck markings. ) Gobiesox muscarum, MEEK & PIERSON, Proe. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 571, with colored plate, Monterey Bay. (Coll. S. E. Meek and Charles J. Pierson. Typein L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus.) 2681. RIMICOLA EIGENMANNI (Gilbert). D.4; A.5. Head 33 in length; depth about $ head. Body very slender and narrow, the width of head 44 in length; width of body 6. Mouth wide, the distance between its angles } length of head, the maxillary scarcely reaching vertical from front of orbit. Interorbital space wide, about 4 head. Eye very small, about 3 in interorbital width. Teeth in upper jaw conic, acute, in several series, the anterior in upper jaw enlarged; teeth in lower jaw also in several series, those of front row narrow incisors, entire, with rounded or truncate edges; disk very small and narrow, its width about 3 its length, the latter 13 in length of head. Fins all small, the base of dorsal + length of head, less than free portion of caudal peduncle; distance from origin of dorsal to base of caudal 5} in length before dorsal; distance from vent to front of anal fin 1? in its distance from disk; caudal broadly rounded, its length 14 in head; pectoral some- what pointed, about 4 head; coracoid plate small, about $ height of pec- tora] and less than + its length. Color uniform light olive green, without distinctive markings. Type, a single specimen, about 1 inch long, taken at Point Loma, near San Diego, California. Other specimens were taken some years since at San Cristobal Bay by Mr. Charles H. Townsend, and were referred to as Gobiesox rhessodon by Mrs. Eigenmann, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, page 553. (Named for Dr. Carl H. Eigenmann.) Gobiesox eigenmanni, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 96, Point Loma, near San Diego, California. (Coll. Gilbert.) 2340 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 867. ARBACIOSA, Jordan & Evermann. Arbaciosa, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 290 (humeralis.) This genus differs from Gobiesox chiefly in the character of the incisor teeth of the lower jaw; these are strongly serrate, or tricuspid, making a ragged cutting edge. Size small; dorsal and anal comparatively short; head not very broad, the jaws contracted; vertebra (in Arbaciosa zebra) 28. Some species provisionally referred to the section Sicyases of Gobiesox may prove to belong to Arbaciosa; small species, living in rock pools, among the sea urchins, by whose spines they are protected. This relation ot Arbaciosa zebra with the Echinoid Arbacia stellata is especially constant. (Arbacia, a sea urchin.) a. Anal fin long, about 10 rays; dorsal rays 11; teeth above in 1 series; color olivaceous. RHESSODON, 2682. aa. Anal fin of 5 to 7 rays. b. Dorsal fin of 8 or 9 rays; teeth in single series; color brownish, with red bars and a large black humeral spot. HUMERALIS, 2683. bb. Dorsal fin of 7 rays; color greenish, with pale spots and numerous pale cross bands; no red; body slender. RUPESTRIS, 2684. bbb. Dorsal fin of 6 rays; color chiefly red. ce. General color pinkish olivaceous, with some bright red; back with 5 reddish-brown or blackish bars. Upper teeth in more than 1 series. Body comparatively slender, the depth nearly 8 in length. ZEBRA, 2685. ec. General color bright rosy red, black, with 1 to 3 faint dark bars. Upper teeth nearly uniserial. Body comparatively stout, the depth 53 in length. EOS, 2686. 2682. ARBACIOSA RHESSODON (Rosa Smith). Head 34; depth 64. D. 11; A. 10; eye 44 in head, # in interorbital space; ventral disk 14 in head; pectoral 2; caudal 2}. Form much as in Gobiesox meandricus; snout bluntly and evenly decurved; the greatest height of the body across the pectoral fins; head broader than body but less deep; maxillary extending to below the eye; incisors of lower jaw not much declined, each of them tricuspid, the central cusp longest; teeth of upper jaw conical, in an irregular series of 7 to 9; teeth in each jaw in single series; opercular spine sharp; distance from vent to candal 22 in length of body; dorsal a little longer than the anal, having its origin in advance of the anal and terminating opposite it; caudal rounded. Color dark olivaceous, usually with 3 broad yellowish cross bands above, the first across interorbital space and cheek, the second very wide, across back and front of dorsal fin, the third below middle of dorsal, some or all of these sometimes wanting; a dark bar at base of caudal; belly yel- lowish. Length 2} inches. San Diego to the northern part of the Gulf of California; locally abundant in rock pools. (6766, to make ragged; 06 0Us, tooth.) . Gobiesox rhessodon, ROSA SMITH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 140, San Diego, California; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 749, 1883; Rosa SmITH, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 235. Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America, 2341 2683. ARBACIOSA HUMERALIS (Gilbert). ‘Head 3 to 34; width of body 44; width of head 33; eye very small, 3 in interorbital width. D.8 or 9; A.7. Body of moderate width, the head not evenly rounded anteriorly, becoming contracted opposite eyes, the snout forming a quadrate projection beyond the profile, as seen from above. Teeth in a single series in each jaw, the anterior narrow inci- sors, trilobate at tip, the 2 posterior teeth on each side strong, conical canines, somewhat recurved; about 12 incisors in the upper jaw. Inter- orbital space very wide, about equaling width of mouth, 24 to 24 in length of head. Ventral disk about as wide as long, its length 14 in head. Oper- cular spine large and strong, but not exposed. Distance from front of dorsal to base of caudal 3 in length anterior to dorsal; base of dorsal 1% in head; base of anal about equals base of dorsal; distance from vent to front of anal half its distance from disk; caudal broadly rounded, 13 in head; pectoral + head, without distinct fold of skin across it. Ground- color dark olive brownish, crossed by many carmine-red bars, these some- what broken anteriorly and above, to form reticulating lines, posteriorly and on lower part of sides more regular and running obliquely down- ward and backward; a conspicuous round humeral spot, larger than eye, in life black with golden-green reflections; numerous streaks from eye backward across cheek and opercles. (Gilbert.) Gulf of California; abundant at Puerto Refugio (Angel Island); also known from La Paz. (humeralis, pertaining to the shoulder, humerus. ) Gobiesox humeralis, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890,95, Puerto Refugio, Gulf of California. (Coll. Albatross.) Arbaciosa humeralis, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 230, pl. 35. 2684. ARBACIOSA RUPESTRIS (Poey). Head 4 in total length with caudal; depth 6; eye 4 in head; snout less than eye. D. 7; A. 7. Forehead little decurved; eyes well separated; mouth small, with 1 row of compressed, close-set incisors with denticu- lated edges, 6 on each side in each jaw; snout truncate, as seen from above. Pectorals short, rounded. Dorsal and anal alike, opposed, highest in front. Caudal rounded. Color greenish ash, each side with 6 large oval spots, those behind touching; sides with about a dozen vertical bands of straw yellow or whitish, these bands sometimes interrupted, forming 2 series of points; 2 small similar bands from the eye, another toward tip of snout; a brown pale-edged band between eyes; some white spots on sides of head. Lengthitinches. Coralreefsof Cuba; not rare. (Poey): not seen by us; said to be distinguished from other Cuban species by the slender body and narrow head. (rupestris, living among rocks.) Gobiesox rupestris, PoEY, Memorias, II, 283, 1861, Cuba. Sicyases rupestris, POEY, Synopsis, 391, 1868; Porky, Enumeratio, 124, 1875. 2685. ARBACIOSA ZEBRA (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 33 in length; depth nearly 8. D.6or7; A. 5 or 6; vertebre 11+ 17=28. Body comparatively very long and narrow, the greatest width about } the total length. Head narrow, depressed, its width about 43 2342 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. times in length of body; eye small, its diameter about 4 interorbital width; opercular spine well developed; ventral disk nearly as long as head; mouth rather small, anterior, maxillary reaching front of eye; inci- sors of lower jaw nearly horizontal, rather broad, 3-lobed at tip, the middle cusp the longest; upper teeth much smaller, the median ones compressed, blunt, close set, a little shorter than the lateral teeth and with dentate edges, 1 or 2 series of small teeth close behind them; anal beginning under middle of dorsal; the distance from insertion of dorsal to base of caudal contained 3% in length; pectoral } as long as head; caudal truncate, with rounded angles. Back with 5 dark cross bars about as wide as the interspaces, 3 of them in front of dorsal fin, the 2 anterior much broader and more distinct than the others; these bars all dis- tinet on back, fading on sides, which are often vaguely clouded with dark; the color of these dark bars varies from reddish brown to black, and that of the interspaces from olivaceous to light pink and bright rose red; top of head bright red, marbled with light slaty bluish; a black blotch on opercle, and 2 very distinct black cross spots, 1 on each side of median line, forming the front of first dorsal bar; cheek sometimes with 2 or 3 pale bluish streaks; dorsal, pectoral, and caudal more or less shaded with dusky; lower fins pale; usually a dark bar at base of caudal and 1 across middle of fin; shade of ground color extremely variable.* Very abundant in the rocky tide pools around Mazatlan, hiding everywhere under the numerous sea-urchins, especially Arbacia stellata, the protective coloration of both being that of the Corallina, which lines the rock pools. Length 2 to 3inches. (zebra, from the banded coloration.) Gobiesox zebra, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1881, 359, Mazatlan, Mexico (Type, No. 29250. Coll. Gilbert); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1882, 108; JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 499. * The following note on the variations is furnished by Miss Susan B. Bristol: “T find 4 specimens of this species which differ considerably from the typical form. These may represent a distinet species, but at present we are inclined to think that all these forms are modifications of one species, Arbaciosa zebra. The following is a descrip- tion of aspecimen 1+ inches long, taken at Mazatlan (No. 4166 in the L.S. Jr. Univ. Mu- seum): Head 34; depth 9. D.5 or6; A.6. Body slender, much depressed, compressed posteriorly, the greatest width 43 in length. Head depressed, its width 14 in its length. Eye very small, about 14 in interorbital width. Snout rather rounded, 3} in head. _ Oper- cular spine present. Interorbital width 22 in head. Ventral disk 14 in head. Mouth small, the lower jaw inferior; outer teeth in both jaws serrate. Anal beginning at end of the first 2 of dorsal. Distance from front of dorsal to base of caudal 1} in head. Cau- dal terminate. Pectoral 22 in head. Color bright red, with very irregular yellow mot- tlings on back and sides, ight yellow below; back with 4 irregular dark-red cross bars, the posterior 3 of which are wider than the interspaces; 3 of the cross bars in front of the dorsal fin, and the fourth on either side of the dorsal; 2 conspicuous black spots about 4 as large as eye, 1 on either side of median line on back above the pectorals a short distance behind their origin; snout plain, dark red; pupil white; 2 yellow parallel stripes extending from eye backward and downward, the second ending at a point about 4the distance from tip of snout to end of opercle; dorsal, caudal, and anal dusky; ven- trals and pectorals paler; a large red blotch at base of pectorals extending for a consid- erable distance on the fin. Another specimen from Mazatlan, bright red in color, about 3 of an inch long (also in bottle No. 4166, L.S. Jr. Univ. Museum), differs from the preceding form in the following respects: In the greater depth, which is 6% in length, in the smaller ventral disk, which is 14 in head; in the more pointed snout; in the absence of the 2 black spots above pectorals; and in having the 4 dark red bands on the back more dis- tinctly marked. Two specimens from Guaymas, Mexico, 1 and 13 inches long, No. 92 in the L.S.Jr. Univ. Museum, are chocolate brown in color, the shorter having on its back, including the bar at base of caudal, 7 dark brown cross bars and no dark spots above the pectoral, while in the longer there are no cross bars but a dark brown spot about 3 as large as the eye is present above the pectoral; also, in the longer one, the dorsal begins at the end of first third of anal. The eye in the larger specimens of zebra is larger than in these 4 specimens, but some of the smaller specimens seem to be intermediate in this regard between the typical form and these forms,” Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2343 2686. ARBACIOSA EOS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 3; depth 53}; eye moderate, 14 in interorbital width, which is about 3} in head. D.6; A.6. Body comparatively short, stout, and nar- row; the head rather broad, but, like the body, much less depressed than in G. erythrops; width of head less than its length, or 3}in body. Incisors serrate or tricuspid. Pectorals about 4 in head; ventral disk shorter than head. Distance from base of caudal to front of dorsal 34 in total length; caudal truncate. Bright rosy red, sometimes dusky above with black points; back with 1 to 3 faint dark bars; 3 dark lines downward and backward from orbit, and usually 1 or 2 more on opercle; caudal usually with a reddish bar at base and a dusky one toward tip; fins otherwise nearly plain. Pacific coast of Mexico; abundant in rock pools about Mazatlan in company with Arbaciosa zebra, hiding under sea-urchins, especially with Arbacia stellata. Length 14 inches. (7s, sunrise; from the red colors.) Gobiesox eos, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 360, Mazatlan, Mexico (Coll. Gilbert. Type, No. 29247); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S, Fish Com. 1882, 108; JORDAN, Proce, Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 499. Group BLENNIODEA. (BLENNIOID FISHES.) Body more or less elongate, naked or with scales, large or small; ven- tral fins small, more or less advanced in position, often wanting, the num- ber of soft rays always less than 5; hypercoracoid perforate, the shoulder girdle normally formed; skull not armed with spines; suborbital not developed as a bony stay articulating with the preopercle; pseudobran- chie present; dorsal fin long, its anterior half, and sometimes the whole fin, composed of spines; anal long; tail homocercal, the caudal usually rounded, rarely forked; vertebre numerous, especially in the arctic spe- cies. A large group, with ill-defined boundaries, the more primitive forms showing affinities with the Trachinoidea, Cirrhitidw, and other more typical fishes, the extremes very aberrant and passing directly into the Ophidoidea, and other forms lacking spines in the fins. We begin the series with the least modified of the type, the Clininw, from ancestors of which group the others have doubtless descended. a. Caudal fin present, sometimes united to dorsal and anal; dorsal spines connected by membrane. b. Gill openings not reduced to horizontal slits below the pectoral fins. c. Teeth not developed as coarse molars. d, Mouth not vertical. BLENNIID2, CC. dd. Mouth nearly vertical; scales small or wanting; no lateral line; no ventral fins; dorsal composed entirely of slender spines; gill membranes attached to the isthmus; teeth strong. CRYPTACANTHODID®, CCI. cc. Teeth developed as coarse molars on vomer, palatines, and sides of lower jaw; dorsal of flexible spines only; scales minute; gill membranes joined to the isthmus; no ventral fins; air bladder present; no lateral line. ANARHICHADID, CCII. 2344 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. bb. Gill openings reduced to separate, narrow, nearly horizontal slits below and in front of the pectoral fin; ventrals small; dorsal fin long and low, anteriorly of slender spines; vertical fins connected. CERDALID, CCIII. aa. Caudal fin none, the tail tapering to a point; no ventral fins; no lateral line; scales rudimentary; anterior part of dorsal of low free-hooked spines, the posterior part of many slender soft rays; teeth in jaws only, close set in 1 row. PTILICHTHYID@, CCIY. Family CC. BLENNIIDZ. (THE BLENNIES.) Body oblong or elongate, naked or covered with moderate or small seales which are ctenoid or cycloid; lateral line variously developed, often wanting, often duplicated; mouth large or small, the teeth various; gill membranes free from isthmus or more or less attached to it; pseudo- branchiwe present; ventrals jugular or subthoracic, of 1 spine and 1 to 3 soft rays, often wanting; dorsal fin of spines anteriorly, with or without soft rays; anal fin long, similar to soft dorsal; caudal well developed. Vertebre in moderate or large number, 30 to 80. Carnivorous fishes of moderate or small size, mostly living near the shore in the tropical and temperate or arctic seas; most of them are carnivorous, the Clinina, so far as known, ovoviviparous, the rest mostly oviparous. Genera, about 80; species, about 400; chiefly of the rock pools and alge; some species in the lakes of Italy. Dr. Gill divides the tropical Blennies into 3 families, Clinidw, Blenniide, and Chenopside. The first and second of these are fairly well defined. The third is now heterogeneous, and some of its mem- bers are intermediate between the other two. The arctic Blennies he again divides into Xiphidiide, Cebedichthyidw, and Stichwide, but the first and last of these groups intergrade, the Xiphidiinw are modified Clinina, and there are other forms as well entitled to separate rank as Cebedichthys. It seems to us better to treat the group as a single family with many subfamilies. (Blenniide, Giinther, Cat., 111, 206-297.) I. Tropical Blennies, with the vertebr mostly in moderate number, usually fewer than 45; lateral line usually arched high above the pectoral, if present; dorsal tin with soft rays, at least 1 being present; anal spines little developed; ventrals well developed, usually I, 3. a. Body scaly. CLININ2E: b. Lateral line present, arched anteriorly over the pectoral, becoming posteriorly median in position, or else obsolete; species ovoviviparous. c. Seales ctenoid, very rough, 35 to 40 in lateral line; dorsal divided into 3 fins; no cirri above eye. ENNEANECTES, 868. ec. Scales cycloid; dorsal fin not divided into 3 fins. d. Dorsal with 6 to 20 soft rays. e. Shoulder girdle with a small upturned hook on its inner edge. Jf. Seales alopg lateral line anteriorly not enlarged; snout sharp; first 5 spines of dorsal more or less modified. g. Caudal fin forked; air bladder present; scales minute; teeth in jaws in more than 1 series, on vomer and palatines; first 5 dorsal spines lengthened, and partly separated. HETEROSTICHUS, 869. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2345 gg. Caudal fin truncate; air bladder wanting; scales mi- nute; teeth in jaws in more than 1 series; teeth on yomer, none on palatines; first 5 dorsal spines lengthened and partly separated. GIBBONSIA, 870. ee. Shoulder girdle without upturned hook on its inner edge above. h. Maxillary greatly developed, reaching much beyond eye; teeth on vomer and palatines; scales minute; soft dor- sal long. NEOCLINUS, 871. hh. Maxillary normal, not greatly expanded. i. Anterior part of lateral line normally formed; usual- ly a comb of filaments at the nape. j. Palatines without teeth; scales moderate or small, 38 to 110 in lateral line. k. Teeth in jaws in 1 row only; teeth usually on vomer, none on palatines; usually a comb of filaments at the nape. MALACOCTENUS, 872. kk. Teeth in jaws in more than 1 row, a band of villiform teeth behind the others; teeth on vomer, none on palatines. l. Body oblong, the depth 34 to 44 in length; a filament above the eye. LABRISOMUS, 873. WU. Body elongate, the depth about 6 in length; no filaments above the eye. MNIERPES, 874. jj. Palatines with teeth, those in jaws in more than 1 series; scales large, 30 to 37 in lateral line; no nuchal filaments. m. Head very broad, depressed; soft dorsal of about 20 rays. GOBIOCLINUS, 875. mm. Head moderate, not depressed; soft dor- ’ salof about 8 rays. STARKSIA, 876. ii. Anterior part of lateral line running on a series of enlarged scales without visible pores; teeth in_ more than 1 series in jaws; teeth on vomer and front of palatines. CRYPTOTREMA, 877. dd. Dorsal with 1 short soft ray only; scales large; teeth in jaws in more than 1 series; teeth on vomer, none on palatines. n. Dorsal fin more or less deeply notched behind the third spine. o. First 3 spines of dorsal very slender, close set, forming a separate ribbon-shaped fin, which is much higher than any of the spines in the second dorsal; anal spines rather high; body strongly compressed, the snout very sharp. EXERPES, 878. oo. First 3 dorsal spines stiff, wide set, not remote from rest of fin behind dorsal notch; anal spines short; body more elongate, the snout less acute. AUCHENOPTERUS, 879. nn. Dorsal fin continuous, not notched. PARACLINUS, 880. EMMNIIN2 : bb. Lateral line straight, close to the dorsal fin; scales small, eycloid; dorsal notched, its anterior half of slender spines; no cirri on head; ventrals thick- ish, inserted slightly before pectorals; teeth in bands, the outer enlarged. EMMNION, 881. 3030——70 2346 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. aa. Body scaleless; species oviparous, so far as known. p. Teeth comb-shaped, in a single row in each jaw, behind which are sometimes long canines; vomer and palatines usually toothless; lateral line usually single, with a strong arch anteriorly; dorsal fin long, continuous, or di- vided into 2 fins, the anterior portion composed of spines, which are stiff or flexible; anal fin long, usually with 1 or 2 small spines; ventrals well- developed, jugular, of 2 or 3 rays. q. Teeth all fixed, attached to the bone of the jaws and not movable. RUNULINZE:: r. Caudal fin lunate or forked; teeth compressed; spines and soft rays of dorsal indistinguishable. s. Ventral fins very long, each of a spine and a soft ray. ATOPOCLINUS, 882. ss. Ventral fins not 4 length of head, each with about 2 soft rays; gill opening reduced to a small slit above pectoral. RUNULA, 883. BLENNUNZE: rr. Caudal fin rounded; teeth slender; gill membranes not reduced to a small slit. t. Teeth all fixed, attached to the bone of the jaws. ». Gillmembranes free from the isthmus, or at least form- ing a distinct fold across it. w. Jaws one or both with a posterior fang-like canine, much longer than the anterior teeth. BLENNIUS, 884. ww. Jaws without canines, the teeth all equal. SCARTELLA, 885. _ vv. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus, the gill openings restricted to the sides. ax. Jaws one or both with posterior fang-like canines. HYPLEUROCHILUS, 886. ax. Jaws without posterior canines; the teeth equal. y. Three articulated ventral rays. z. Mouth small, the maxillary extending scarcely beyond front of eye; the head decurved in profile. HYPSOBLENNIUS, 887. zz. Mouth large, the maxillary extending beyond vertical from middle of eye; the head rather pointed in profile. CHASMODES, 888. yy. Four articnJated ventral rays. HOMESTHES, 889. SALARIINA: qq. Teeth of front of jaws all movable, implanted on the skin of the lips. a’. Vomer toothless. b’. Jaws without posterior canines; dorsal fin deeply notched. SCARTICHTHYS, 890. bb’. Jaws one or both with posterior fang-like canines. x. Dorsal fin continuous. RUPISCARTES, 891. ax. Dorsal fin divided. ENTOMACRODUS, 892. aa'. Vomer with a few teeth; posterior canines small. SALARIICHTHYS, 893. pp. Teeth unequal, not comb-like; body oblong or elongate, more or less eel- shaped, naked, or rarely with rudimentary scales; supraocular flap sometimes present. Gill membranes united, free from the isthmus; dorsal fin very long, sometimes divided into 2 fins; formed of flexible spines, which often pass gradually into soft rays; anal fin long; ventral Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2347 fins thoracic or subjugular, usually, not much, if any, before the pecto- rals, composed of 2 soft rays each, the spine rudimentary; caudal well developed, the dorsal and anal usually more or less joined to it at base. ' OPHIOBLENNIIN2:: 3 e', Jaws each with 4 strong hooked canines in front; a booked posterior canine below; a cirres above eye and 1 above nostril; body scale- less; caudal fin forked; dorsal fin notched; body not eel-shaped; dorsal and anal free from caudal; ventrals small. OPHIOBLENNIUS, 894. ce’. Jaws with numerous teeth, not as above; caudal fin not forked. EMBLEMARIINZE : d'. Body not eel-shaped; dorsal and anal not joined to candal; no scales; no cirri; no lateral line; ventrals before pectorals; teeth on palatines; caudal fin rounded. e’. Dorsal fin very high, not notched, the spines passing grad- ually into the soft rays; jaws long, sharp at tip. EMBLEMARIA, 895. dd'. Body elongate or eel-shaped; the dorsal and anal low, joined to base of caudal. CHZENOPSINZE: . f'. Ventrals subjugular, more or less before pectorals; pala tines with teeth; jaws long and sharp. g'. Jaws with strong teeth, not as above described; dor- sal fin with its anterior half of flexible spines, the posterior half of soft rays, the former gradually passing into the latter; jaws long, pike-like; ventrals inserted slightly before pectorals; anal with 2 spines; a villiform band of teeth in each jaw behind anterior teeth. h’. Vomer toothless. Dorsal rays about XVIII, 38; anal II, 38. CHZNOPSIS, 896. hh’. Vomer with a few teeth. Dorsal rays XVIII, 32; anal I, 30. LUCIOBLENNIUS, 897. PHOLIDICHTHYIN : f’. Ventrals subthoracic, inserted below pectorals; teeth in jaws uniserial; anal fin without spines. w'. Dorsal fin continuous, its spines indistinguishable from the soft rays. PHOLIDICHTHYS, 898. ii’. Dorsal divided into 2 fins, the anterior portion of 3 fiexible spines behind the nape. PSEDNOBLENNIUS, 899. Il. Blennies arctic or subartic; the vertebra in large number, usually 50 or more; lat- eral line various, usually median; dorsal fin usually without soft rays; scales small, cycloid, rarely wanting. j'. Gill openings not continued forward below, the membranes broadly united, some- times joined to the isthmus; ventral fins small or obsolete; scales small. cycloid. k'. Pectoral fins short or wanting, never pointed, and never more than 4 head; pyloric ceca asually, but not always, obsolete. !’, Body not covered with crosswise tubes at right angles to the lateral line. m', Dorsal fin composed of spines only. STATHMONOTIN:: n'. Body scaleless; ventrals moderately developed; anal spines 2; no lateral line; no pseudobranchie. STATHMONOTUS, 900. nn'. Body covered with small smooth scales. CHIROLOPHINE: : o'. Ventral fins well developed, of 1 spine and 3 rays; no anal spines; top of head with many cirri; a row of large pores above base of pectorals; gill membranes free from isthmus; no pyloric ceca, 2348 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. p'. Lateral line obsolete, only the row of pores being present. BRYOSTEMMA, 901. oo’. Ventral fins rudimentary or wanting, not more than 1 soft ray present; dorsal spines all short and rigid. PHOLIDINE: q'. Lateral line obsolete. vr’. Gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; no pyloric ceca; carnivorous. s’. Anal fin with a large sheathed spine; ventrals wanting. t’. Anal spine very long, pen- shaped, its anterior sur- face channelled; pectoral fins moderate. APODICHTHYS, 902. tt/. Analspine moderate or small, not pen-shaped, its ante- rior edge convex, not chaunelled. u'. Pectoral fins very small; anal spine moderate. XERERPES, 903. uu'. Pectoral fins wholly wanting; anal spine small. ULVICOLA, 904. ss’. Anal fin with 2 small spines or with none. v'. Ventral fins reduced to a short spine, followed by a rudimentary ray. w'. Caudal fin well de- veloped. PHOLIS, 905. ww'. Caudal fin very nar- row, the dorsal and anal united around the taper- ing tail. GUNNELLOPS, 906. vv'. Ventral fins entirely want- ing; caudal as in Pholis. ASTERNOPTERYX, 907. rr’. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus, sometimes forming a fold across it; no ventral fins; no anal spines; top of head with fleshy crests; pyloric ceca present; body naked anteriorly, with small scales pos- teriorly. ANOPLARCHUS, 908. XUPHIDIIN A: qq’. Lateral lines several, each with many short cross branches; pyloric ceca present; gill membranes free from isthmus; ven- trals none; anal spines 2 or 3, small; herbivorous. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2349 w'. Pectorals small but well developed, much longer than eye. XIPHISTES, 909. ww'. Pectorals minute, not longer than eye. XIPHIDION, 910. CEBEDICHTHYIN@®: mm’. Dorsal fin with its posterior half composed of soft rays; gill mem- branes broadly united, free from isthmus; ventrals wanting; lateral line single, high; pyloric ceca present; herbivorous. CEBEDICHTHYS, 911. DICTYOSOMATIN#: ll’. Body covered with crosswise tubes at right angles with the lateral line and forming a network with it. z'. Dorsal fin of spines only; teeth strong; ventral fins present, well developed; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus. PLAGIOGRAMMUS, 912. kk'. Pectoral fins long and rounded or pointed, nearly as long as head; dorsal fin high; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; no lateral line; species probably all herbivorous. OPISTIOCENTRIN & : y'. Ventral fins wanting. z', Dorsal with its posterior spines rigid and sharp; head scaly. OPISTHOCENTRUS, 913. zz'. Dorsal with its spines all flexible; head naked. PHOLIDAPUS, 914. PLECTOBRANCHINZ: yy'. Ventral fins well developed; dorsal spines all pungent; body greatly elongate. PLECTOBRANCHUS, 915. jj. Gill openings continued forward below, the membranes separate or nearly so, scarcely joined to the isthmus; pectorals and ventrals well developed; dorsal spines slender, pungent, the fin without soft rays; herbivorous species. LUMPENINA: a’', Lateral line obsolete or obscure; body greatly elongate. b. Pectorals with the upper and middle rays shortened, shorter than lower; teeth on vomer and palatines. LEPTOCLINUS, 916. bb’. Pectorals with the middle rays longest. ce’, Lateral line. not wholly obsolete, a series of distant pores along sides; teeth on vomer and palatines. POROCLINUS, 917. cc!!. Lateral line obsolete, only a few small pores being traceable; no teeth on vomer; palatine teeth small or wanting. LUMPENUS, 918. STICHABIN 45 : aa’. Lateral line present, single, double, or triple; body moderately elongate; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. d’. Lateral line simple, one on each side of back. STICHAUS, 919. dd, Lateral lines 2, or dividing into 2 on each side. ULVARIUS, 920. ddd. Lateral line forking, forming 3 on each side. EUMESOGRAMMUS, 921. 868. ENNEANECTES, Jordan & Evermann. Enneanectes, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sei. 1895, 501 (carminalis). Body rather robust, covered with large, rough ctenoid scales; lateral line almost obsolete; mouth moderate, the jaws equal; no tentacle above the eye or on nape; no hook on shoulder girdle; eye large; dorsal fin divided into 3 fins, the first of 3 or 4 slender spines, the second of about 10, the soft dorsal of about 7 rays; caudal rounded; anal fin long; pec- toral long, the lower rays simple and thickened. Small fish of the rock 2350 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. pools, closely allied to the Old World genus, Tripterygion, Risso, but dis- tinguished by the chubby body, short fins, and large, rough scales. (évvéa, nine; vyxrnp, swimmer, there being 9 fins.) 2687. ENNEANECTES CARMINALIS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 33; depth 4} to 5}. D. III-XH, 9 (IV-X, 8 in the specimen before US) sp Ate LL, dl (misprinted II, 17) scales 33 to 40. Body rather stont, heavy forward, rapidly tapering behind. Head short, the snout low and rather pointed, the profile straight and steep from the snout to opposite the front of the eyes, there forming an angle and extending backward nearly in a straight line; eyes very large, longer than snout, 3 in head, high up, and close together; mouth wide, the jaws subequal, the maxil- lary extending backward to front of pupil; teeth moderate, essentially as in species of Labrisomus, those of the outer series enlarged; no evi- dent cirri on the head; scales on body of moderate size, ctenoid, the edges strongly pectinate; belly naked; lateral line extending to opposite last ray of soft dorsal, ascending anteriorly, but without convex curve; dor- sals 3, the first and second contiguous, the second and third well sepa- rated; first dorsal of 3 spines, the first of which is the highest and about as long as diameter of eye; the second dorsal of higher and slenderer spines, the anterior the highest, the longest about equaling greatest depth of body; soft dorsal shorter and a little lower than second spinous dorsal; caudal small; anal long, beginning nearly under middle of spinous dorsal ; pectoral long, longer than head, reaching much past front of anal; ven- trals 3 length of head. Color light brownish, with 4 dark-brown cross bars on sides, about as wide as the interspaces, which are marked with more or less reddish and with some lighter spots; belly pale; space behind pectoral dark; a dark bar downward and 1 forward from eye; first dorsal mottled with darker, second and third dorsals nearly plain; a narrow, dark bar at base of caudal and a broader one toward the tip, the fin some- times entirely black; pectorals somewhat barred; lower fins plain. Ma- zatlan, in tide pools; the types, 4 specimens, each about 14 inches long. Another from the same locality, since figured by Dr. Jordan, differs some- what in the count of the fin rays; but the very small size of the specimen prevents us from being entirely sure of its correctness. (carmen, a hetchel, from the rough scales.) Tripterygium carminale, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1881, 362, Mazatlan. (Type, No. 28118. Coll. Gilbert.) Enneanectes carminalis, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 510, with plate of young example. 869. HETEROSTICHUS, Girard. Heterostichus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 143 (rostratus). Body rather elongate, compressed, covered with very small, smooth scales, those along lateral line not enlarged; head long and low, the snout conic, produced, very acute; premaxillaries protractile; mouth moderate, terminal; each jaw with a row of conical teeth, behind which anteriorly is a broad patch of villiform teeth; vomer and palatines with villiform, teeth; gill rakers feeble; gill membranes broadly united, free from the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2351 isthmus; orbital cirri minute or wanting; cheeks scaly. Dorsal fin very long, the posterior rays soft, the 5 anterior spines wider apart than the rest and separated from them by a notch, the first and second spines long- est, rather flexible, the other spines stiff; caudal fin forked; ventrals I, 3; pectorals moderate; lateral line simple, complete, abruptly curved behind pectorals; air bladder present, large. Size large. Close to Gibbonsia, from which the presence of the air bladder and the form of the caudal separate it. (&repos, different; 6r7yos, rank; in allusion to the differen- tiation of the anterior dorsal spines. ) 2688. HETEROSTICHUS ROSTRATUS, Girard. (KELPFISH.) Head 33 in body; depth 44. D.V-XXXIII, 13; A. II, 34; eye 7 in head; maxillary 24; pectoral 14; ventral 24; first dorsal spine 4+; highest ray of soft dorsal 24; third anal ray 22; caudal 2). Body much compressed, deepest anteriorly; head slender, compressed and pointed; lower jaw strongly projecting, with thick lip; maxillary reaching pupil; width of interorbital a little greater than eye; orbital cirrus minute, usually entirely wanting; cheek and upper edge of opercle with small scales, rest of head naked. Origin of dorsal a little in front of the vertical from gill opening; pectoral under third dorsal spine, reaching to below the eleventh or twelfth; ventrals inserted in front of pectorals in distance equal to length of snout, their tips reaching about + of their length beyond base of the pectoral; soft dorsal higher than spinous, ending slightly anterior to the anal; caudal furcate, the middle rays 3 length of outer. Color translucent, reddish brown, varying to blackish or olive, a series of large irregular light spots along sides below lateral line, continuous with a dis- tinct light bar from eye to edge of opercle, bordered with black above, a similar spot on base of pectoral; an irregular line of large spots following outline of body under dorsal and above anal; a clear cut white streak from dorsal to tip of snout and continued on lower lip, the hue and pattern of color varying greatly; young examples most variegated; a translucent spot behind third dorsal spine, generally followed by similar spots for the whole length of the fin. San Francisco to San Diego. The largest of the Clinoid blennies, very abundant in the kelp, with which it agrees in colora- tion. Here described from a specimen, 16 inches in length, from San Francisco market. (rostratus, long-nosed.) Heterostichus rostratus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 148, San Diego, California (Type, No. 284. Coll. A. Cassidy); GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Sury., X, Fishes, 26, pl. 13, 1858; GUNTHER, Cat., 261, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 764, 1883. 870. GIBBONSIA, Cooper. Gibbonsia, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., m1, 1864, 109 (elegans). Blakea, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, v, 148, 1876 (elegans). Body less elongate and compressed, covered with minute cycloid scales, those along lateral line not enlarged; lateral line complete, abruptly decurved behind the pectoral; head somewhat pointed; snout unequal; conical teeth on jaws and vomer, the teeth mostly in single series, except 2352 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. in front, where there is a narrow villiform band; no conspicuous posterior canines; maxillary not produced backward from angle of mouth; a tentacle above eye, none at nape; gill membranes united, free from the isthmus. Shoulder girdle with an upturned hook on its inner edge as in Clinus. Dorsal fin long and low, chiefly composed of spines, 5 of the anterior spines different from the others, longer and set farther apart; anal fin low, with 2 spines; ventral fins jugular, of 1 spine and 2 or 3 rays; caudal fin truncate; branchiostegals 6; no air bladder; pyloric cecaabsent. Vivip- arous. Pacific coast; bright-colored fishes, inhabiting rock pools among alee. This genus is very close to Clinus (type C. acuminatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes), differing chiefly in the form of the dorsal fin and in the pointed snout. In Clinus the first 3 dorsal spines are shorter than the others. (Named for Dr. William Peters Gibbons, of Alameda, California, who was one of the early naturalists in the California Academy of Sciences. ) a. Dorsal rays about V-XXXI, 10; anal rays about II, 26; soft dorsal low; coloration comparatively plain, the soft dorsal without pellucid area. EVIDES, 2689. aa. Dorsal rays about V-XXVIII,7; analrays II, 24; soft dorsalhigh; coloration more or less highly variegated; soft dorsal with a large pellucid blotch posteriorly. ELEGANS, 2690. 2689. GIBBONSIA EVIDES (Jordan & Gilbert). (KELPFISH; SENORITA.) Head 43; depth 43. D. V-XXX or XXXI, i0 or 11; A. II, 26 or 27. Body elongate, compressed; head small, rather pointed; mouth quite small, terminal, the maxillary about reaching pupil, 34 in head; lower jaw pro- jecting, vomer with teeth; no teeth on palatines; posterior teeth not recurved; eye moderate, shorter than snout, 5 to 6 in head; a small supra- ocular flap, not higher than pupil; nasal cirrus very smal]; first spine of dorsal inserted over preopercle, its length more than } that of head, the second nearly equal; the third, fourth, and fifth progressively shorter; the sixth about as long as the fourth; the seventh longer; the rest nearly equal to the last, which is lower than the soft rays; the soft dorsal lower and more rounded than in G. elegans, the longest ray 23 in head; pectorals moderate, not reaching vent; ventrals moderate; scales very small, smooth; head naked; no air bladder. Usual color of adult, translucent, reddish or orange, nearly plain or with oblong dark clouds below middle of sides anteriorly; often scattered blackish spots on sides, irregularly placed, forming a broken lateral band, most distinct in the young; a large pellucid spot on the membrane behind third dorsal spine, sometimes some small ones behind it; pectorals nearly plain; dorsal and anal plain, red- dish, with a broad dusky shade distally; soft dorsal without pellucid area; caudal plain; a dark streak backward from eye; young examples often variegated, with light and dark shades of red, brown, and white, sometimes with 6 to 8 dark cross bars, sometimes with 4 or 5 lengthwise stripes alternating with paler ones, the hue varying exceedingly and dependent on the surrroundings, but never so extravagantly spotted as in Gibbonsia elegans, Length9inches. Coast of California south to Point Con- cepcion; abundant in the kelp, rarely in rock pools. Here described from specimens from Monterey. (evez67)s, comely ; ev, well; e760s, appearance. ) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2353 Blakea elegans, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrige, v, 148, 1876, specimens from San Fran- cisco; not Myzxodes elegans, COOPER. Clinus evides,* JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 763, 1883; specimens from Monterey, exclusive of part of synonymy; name a substitute for elegans, preoccupied in Olinus. 2690. GIBBONSIA ELEGANS (Cooper). (SPOTTED KELPFISH.) Head 44; depth 44. D.V-XXVIII,7; A.II, 24. Body rather strongly compressed; head short, rather pointed, mouth small, terminal, rather _ oblique, the maxillary barely reaching pupil, 55 in head; lower jaw pro- jecting; teeth as in Gibbonsia evides; eye rather large, 44 in head, as long as snout; a small fringed supraocular flap, as long as pupil; a slender nasal cirrus; first dorsal spine 23 in head; fins as in G. evides, the soft dorsal shorter, higher, and less rounded, its longest ray 2+ in head; pec- torals and yentrals moderate, about as in G. evides; caudal fan-shaped on a slender peduncle; scales small and smooth; head naked. Color brown or red, agreeing with rocks or with Corallina, usually with eight irregular darker cross bars extending on the dorsal and anal, sometimes nearly plain brown; a dark spot probably always present behind head, and some, 1 or more, along lateral line posteriorly ; spinous dorsal with a pellucid spot; usually many pale and dark spots and freckles on head and fins; pectoral and caudal usually barred, but plain in specimens taken in the kelp (Macrocystis), these latter much less variegated than tide-pool specimens ; seft dorsal always with a large pellucid blotch posteriorly, this wanting or obscure in G. evides. Coast of southern California; abundant in rock pools lined with Corallina from Point Concepcion to Todos Santos; the specimens here described from Point Loma. Close to the preceding, but smaller and more brightly colored, the fin rays fewer. These differences, though small, seem to be constant; whether the 2 species overlap each other in geographical range is not known. (elegans, elegant.) Myxodes elegans, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 11, 1864, 109, San Diego and Santa Barbara. Olinus ocellifer, + MocquarD, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1886, 44, California. Clinus evides, ROSA SMITH, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1883, 235, specimens from Todos Santos; not of JORDAN & GILBERT. * The name evides may apparently be retained for this species, as the description of Jor- dan & Gilbert (Synopsis, 763) is based entirely on Monterey specimens, typical of this spe- cies. It wasintended, however, as a substitute for the name elegans, already used in the enus Clinus, to which these species were then referred. t The following is a transiation of the description of Olinus ocellifer (Mocquard): Head 44; depth 44. D.I1I-XXX,8; A.IT, 24; C.13; P.12; V.1,3. Body strongly com- pressed, tapering rapidly behind. Eye alittle longer than snout, 33 in head, twice inter- orbital space; lower jaw a little longer than maxillary, reaching front of eye; a little tentacle on anterior nostril, elongate, with 4 or 5 unequal branches; a tentacle over eye. Three first dorsal spines nearly double length of those which follow, and separated by an interval equal to that which separates the first spine from the third; last dorsal spines are than those that precede and stronger than any of the others; dorsal and caudal well separated. Scales very small. Opposite fifth and sixth dorsal spines immediately below lateral line is a lens-shaped spot of brownish black with a dull border; a second ocellus a little before the posterior extremity of the spinous dorsal; this surrounded by a pale brown circle in 1 specimen; the sides also with 5 irregular bands of a paler brown than that of the spots; the anterior is alittle behind the corresponding spot; the pos- terior opposite the third or fourth soft ray of the dorsal; the posterior spot at the upper extremity of the fourth band; other spots of the same color at the base of the dorsal on the right of the caudal; sides with a longitudinal series of small white spots, not sur- rounded by black circle; other spots on the anal in 6 transverse lines; larger spots on subopercle and about the ventralis. Teeth on the vomer, none on the palatines. Coast of California. Two specimens, 93 mm. long. (Mocquard.) 2354 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 871. NEOCLINUS, Girard. Neoclinus, GIRARD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fish., 114, 1858 (blanchardi). Pterognathus,* GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 57 (satiricus). Body compressed, rather elongate, covered with minute cycloid scales, lateral line present, incomplete, high anteriorly; head naked, the cheeks tumid; upper jaw protractile; maxillary greatly produced backward, more than % length of head, reaching far beyond the eye; both jaws, yomer, and palatines with stout, unequal, conical teeth in a single series, besides which, in the front of the jaws, are smaller teeth; nasal and supra- ocular region with fringed tentacles; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; gill rakers weak. Dorsal fin long, scarcely emargi- nate, its anterior } composed of slender, flexible spines, which are similar to the soft rays, all of which are simple; anal long, its rays all simple; ventrals moderate, I, 3; caudal fin distinet; pectorals rather broad, rounded; no air bladder; no pyloric ceca. Pacific coast, in shallow water; remarkable for the great development of the maxillary, as in Opisthognathus and Gillichthys. (véos, new; xAivos, Clinus.) NEOCLINUS: a. Maxillary long, but not reaching beyond head; membrane of jaws white, BLANCHARDI, 2691. PTEROGNATHUS (mtepov, Wing; yvaos, jaw): aa. Maxillary inordinately developed, reaching gill opening in the adult; maxillary flap blackish, edged with bright yellow. SATIRICUS, 2692. Subgenus NEOCLINUS. 2691. NEOCLINUS BLANCHARDI, Girard. Head 4; depth 54. D. XXIV, 17; A. II, 30; eye5in head; maxillary vari- able, about 14; pectoral 2; caudal 1} to 2. Upper profile of head convex, snout rather steep; jaws subequal; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, subequal, canine-like; eye set high in head, equaltolengthofsnout. Males with a long thick cirrus over front of middle of eye, twice as long as eye, its end multifid, 3 or 4 short, slender ones behind it over posterior half of eye; females with a much smaller cirrus in front, seldom as long as eye, the posterior ones similar to those of male; both with a multifid flap at anterior nostril; maxillary never reaching past preopercle (in specimens from 6 to 8 inches in length), not longer in males than in females. Head naked; scales on body very small, somewhat embedded; no scales on fins; origin of dorsal directly behind occiput, no notch between spinous and soft dorsals; the tips of last dorsal and anal rays reaching to base of cau- dal fin; pectorals broad, scarcely reaching to vent; about + the length of . ventrals in front of base of pectoral. Color varying from dark red or *“Tt is more than probable that had we been acquainted with this second species of Neoclinus first, we would have been misled as to its real generical characters, and framed a name in allusion to the condition of the upper jaw, such as Pterognathus, for example, which would have been most characteristic, for that upper jaw is as truly winged as the upper members of the flying squirrels. We can not help thinking that Cuvier himself would not have coined the name of Opisthognathus had he had before him the species which bears his name instead of that which he dedicated to Sonnerat. These two genera (Opis- thognathus and Neeoclinus) will furnish one of the best themes to ichthyological studies, as they exemplify the fact that specific characters may be developed to exaggeration, and become more conspicuous than the generic characters themselves.” (Girard) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2355 plum color to olive green; sides mottled and spotted with darker; a dark spot, ocellated with yellow, generally present between first and second dorsal spines; dorsal blackish toward ends of rays; pectorals and anal white in female, slightly dusky in male; unexposed portion of lower lip entirely white; a yellow spot on base of caudal rays below and above. Coast of California, from Monterey to Santa Barbara; not rare; a remark- able fish. Here described from specimens from 6 to 8 inches in length, from Pacific Grove, California. We do not know what variation there may be in maxillary and barbels in larger or smaller specimens. This species differs from N. satiricus in having no second spot behind seventh spine of dorsal; in having that part of lower lip which is covered by the maxillary entirely white; barbels in male much longer; maxillary shorter; head slightly shorter; and in having the pectorals and anal lighter. (Named for its discoverer, Dr. 8. B. Blanchard.) Neoclinus blanchardi, GIRARD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fish., 114, 1858, San Diego (Type, No. 691. Coll. Dr. S. B. Blanchard) ; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 259, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 761, 1883. Subgenus PTEROGNATHUS, Girard. 2692. NEOCLINUS SATIRICUS, Girard. Head 34 in body; depth 6. D.XVI,17; A.30; eye 5 in head; pectoral 2; caudal 24. Head bluntish, convex in profile; snout steep; jaws sub- equal; unequal, small canines on jaws, vomer, and palatines; eye about equal to length of snout, interorbital flattish, about 4 eye in width; 3 or 4 small barbels above eye, seldom as long as eye, the anterior one some- times absent on one or both sides; cirri not differentiated in the female; a multifid flap on anterior nostril; maxillary always reaching past edge of preopercle (in examples 6 to 9 inches in length), just past in females, longer than head in males. Head naked, scales on body small, partly embedded; no scales on fins. Origin of dorsal directly behind occiput; no notch between spinous and soft dorsals; pectorals in the larger examples reaching to vent; last rays of dorsal and anal reaching base of caudal fin; anterior half of ventrals in front of base of pectorals. Color in spirits, reddish brown or olive green, mottled and spotted with darker; a dark spot ocellated with yellow between first and second dorsal spines, a simi- lar one between seventh and ninth; dorsal blackish, pectoral, anal and ventrals varying from dusky to black, in no case light in our speci- mens; a yellow spot sometimes present, below and above, on base of cau- dal rays; the membrane connecting maxillary with lower jaw blackish, broadly and abruptly edged with white (probably yellow in life). Coast of California, from Monterey to Santa Barbara; a rare and most interest- ing species. Here described trom specimens, 6 to 9 inches in length, from Pacitic Grove, California. Differing from N. blanchardi in length of maxil- lary; slightly larger head; males without long cirri; a second spot on dorsal; fins darker, and especially in having the membrane of lower lip blackish, edged with white. (satiricus, satirical.) Neociinus satiricus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 57, Monterey, California, in 30 fathoms (Coll. A. S. Taylor); GinrHER, Cat., 111., 260, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 761, 1883. 2356 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 872. MALACOCTENUS, Gill. Malacoctenus, GiLu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 103 (delalandt). This genus is very close to Labrisomus, differing in the dentition, the teeth in the jaws being in single series; vomer with a few teeth or with none, none on palatines. The form of the dorsal fin in some species is different, there being usually a notch behind the fourth dorsal spine as well as at front of soft dorsal. Most of the species are not well known, and perhaps more than 1 genus is here included. (“adiaxos, soft; «rezs, comb, in reference to the comb of filaments at the nape in the typical species. ) a. Nape without filaments. b. Orbital tentacle present. c. D. X XI, 8; spinous dorsal not notched, the first rays shortest; body elon- gate; snout pointed; scales large, about 38. OCELLATUS, 2693. ec. D. XX, 12; spinous dorsal weakly notched; body rather robust. VARIUS, 2694. bb. Orbital tentacle wanting; dorsal rays X-XI, 11; spinous dorsal weakly notched; ventrals long. MACROPUS, 2695. aa. Nape with a single tentacle. D. XVIII,9; a tentacle above eye. LUGUBRIS, 2696. aaa. Nape with a comb of slender tentacles; spinous dorsal more or less notched behind fourth or fifth spine. d. Orbital tentacle present. D. XVIII to XX, 11 or 12 vomer with teeth. e. Scales 43 or 44. jf. Highest soft ray of dorsal 14 in head; dorsal without ocelli. GILLI, 2697. #. Soft rays of dorsal 14 in head; dorsal fin with 2 large black ocelli; ventral fins long, as long as head. BIMACULATUS, 2698. ee. Scales 55; ventrals moderate, shorter than head. DELALANDI, 2699. dd. Orbital tentacle wanting; (no vomerine teeth ?). VERSICOLOR, 2700. aaaa. Nuchal and other filaments undescribed; a black ocellus on front of dorsal. D, XX, 11; scales 46. BIGUTTATUS, 2701. 2693. MALACOCTENUS OCELLATUS (Steindachner). Head 4 to 44; depth 5 to 53. D.XXI, 8; A.II, 8; scales 38; eye 44 to 5 in head; snout 52; interorbital width 10. Body elongate; the snout short; profile not steep; tentacle above eye very slender, none on nape. Maxillary 4 long as head, reaching posterior margin of eye. Teeth on jaws and vomer in 1 row, none on palatines. Dorsal with a notch between the spines and soft rays; spines all short, the longest not 4 head, the anterior shortest; the longest soft rays 14 in head; dorsal slightly joined to base of caudal; ventral and caudal each 1} in head; pectoral almost as long as head. Lateral line complete, strongly arched anteriorly. Color brownish; 8 pairs of narrow dark-brown cross bands on the body, most distinct above, sometimes broken up into cross spots; first membrane of the dorsal fin with black spot behind, sometimes a sim- ilar one, oval and indigo, behind eye; numerous sky-blue spots bordered with darker on sides of head and part of body; anal pale violet, edged with white, sometimes spotted; caudal gray, with darker spots in cross rows. Bahama Islands. Length 2 inches. (Steindachner.) Not seen by ~~ Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2357 us. Perhaps not a member of this genus; the large scales, entire spinous dorsal, and short soft dorsal, indicating affinities with Starksia, which has, however, a different dentition. It may prove to be the type of a distinct genus. (ocellatus, with eye-like spots.) Clinus ocellatus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., v, 182, 1876, Bahama Islands. 2694. MALACOCTENUS VARIUS (Poey). Head 3? in total length; depth 44. D.XX,12; A.18; C.14; pectoral 12 in head; eye 33 in head, equalto snout. Mouthsmall; maxillary reaching opposite front of eye; profile prolonged; nostrils small, not tubular. Teeth firm, in 1 row, the points sharp and incurved; no teeth on vomer; a tentacle over eye, none at the nape; head naked; body scaly; lat- eral line short; dorsal beginning over middle of opercle, the spinous part forming a sinuous curve; the spies firm; the first higher than the 4 which follow; the last low; the next to the last lower than the last; soft dorsal higher than the spines; ventral rays apparently 2, the last one deeply divided. Color clear yellowish; the body spotted with black; an isolated spot at the end of the dorsal fin; vertical fins with all the rays dotted with black; pectoral pale, without specks. Length52mm. Cuba. (Poey.) Notseen by us. (varius, variegated.) Myxodes varius, PoEY, Enumeratio, 132, pl. 5, f.2,1875, Havana. (Coll. Rafael Arango.) 2695. MALACOCTENUS MACROPUS (Poey). Head 4} in total length with caudal; depth 5}. D. XXI, 11; A. I, 20; P.17; eye + longer than snout, 3} in head. Maxillary reaching front of eye. Teeth in 1 series, acute, not close-set; none on the vomer or palatines; no cilia over the eye nor on the nape; lateral line almost com- plete; ventrals as long as the depth of the trunk; first dorsal spine long- est, the others forming a weak curve. Color uniform metallic coppery brown. Cuba (Poey); one specimen 35 mm. long. The type of this species examined by us in the Mus. Comp. Zool. It has seales 35; no hook on the shoulder girdle, and apparently no teeth on vomer or palatines. (uaxpos, long; zovs, foot.) Myxodes macropus, POEY, Synopsis, Ul, 99, 1868, Havana. (Coll. Poey.) 2696. MALACOCTENUS LUGUBRIS (Poey). D. XVIII, 9; A. 20. Tentacle over eye; a filiform appendage on the side of the neck. Ventral very long, extending much beyond the vent. Dorsal fin with 2 depressions, the soft part short and very high, the first spine moderate. Color dark brown, with oblique vertical bands and brown points scattered over the head and trunk; a black spot at the base of the first 5 dorsalmembranes; ventralentirely white. Cuba. One speci- men 55mm. long. (Poey.) Notseenbyus. (lugubris, dismal, from the dark color. ) Muxodes lugubris, PoEY, Enumeratio, 131, 1875, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 2358 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 2697. MALACOCTENUS GILLII (Steindachner). Head 44; depth 44; eye 4 in head; snout 3}; interorbital6 inhead. D. XIX, 11; A.II,17;P.14; scales43. Head pointed, conic anteriorly; snout longer than eye; arather high tentacle above the eye, slender and split to the base, numerous others on the side of the nape; teeth not described. First three dorsal spines wider apart than others, first longest; eighth to tenth spines highest, } head; highest soft ray 14 in head; dorsal deeply notched. Body greenish gray, with brown spots or faint cross bands; head and dorsal marbled with darker; ventrals white, the longest ray a little longer than head, reaching anal; anal edged with dark; pec- toral as long as head. Barbados. Two specimens, the larger 2 inches long. (Steindachner.) This species may be a Labrisomus. (Named for Dr. Theodore Gill.) Olinus gillii, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Notizen, v1, 46, 1867, Barbados. 2698. MALACOCTENUS BIMACULATUS (Steindachner). Head 42; depth 44. D. XX,10; A. II, 19; ventral 3; scales 44. Near to M. delalandi, but the body deeper (said to be 54 in the latter species, which is not the case). Profile to snout steep; eye a little shorter than snout, 34 in head; jaws equal, each like the vomer with | row of teeth; max- illary reaching about to front of pupil. Interorbital space narrow, more than 4 width of eye; avery slender, rather long, bifid tentacle above eye; tentacles on the nape, upper 1 almost as long as tentacle above eye. Upper margin of dorsal weakly notched between first and fifth spines, more deeply between spines and soft rays, the former as in M. delalandi; longest soft rays 14 in head; longest spines 2 in head; first 4 spines more widely separated than the others; pectoral and ventral as long as head; caudal a little shorter. Body brown, with dark-brown bands and numerous black- ish spots, only the cross bands on the head strongly marked; tips of the anal rays whitish; above these a bluish violet streak; pectoral with 2 milk-white spots at base; a large black isolated spot at the base of the first 4 dorsal spines, a second on the last 4 spines, extending on the body; anal and caudal thickly spotted with brown. Small rocky islands to the north of Cuba. (Steindachner.) Not seen by us; evidently close to Mal- acoctenus delalandi, but the seales larger. (bis, two; maculatus, spotted.) hnus Daa, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., v, 180, 1876, small, rocky islands north o ubDa, 2699. MALACOCTENUS DELALANDI (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 34; depth 33 to 44.. D. IV-XVI, 11; A. II, 18; scales 55. Form rather stout, compressed; snout not very short, rather pointed, the profile gibbous above the eyes, thence declining straight to the tip of the snout; mouth rather small, the maxillary reaching front of eye; teeth in a single series in each jaw; vomer with a few teeth, none on palatines; eye large, 34 in head, as long as snout; small slender cirri above the eyes, and a fringe of moderately long filaments at the nape rather longer than the orbital cirri. Outline of spinous dorsal emarginate; first spine a little longer than eye, the second, third, and fourth progressively shortened, the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2359 fifth again longer; the eighth to eleventh spines longest, thence gradually decreasing to the next to the last, which is much shorter than the last; soft dorsal rays considerably higher than the spines, the longest about 4 length of head; anal long, not very high, the membrane deeply notched between all but the last 6 rays, which are the highest. Pectorals 3 length of head; ventrals as long as from snout to edge of preopercle. Belly naked anteriorly; the scales small, cycloid; lateral line complete. Color olivaceous, darker above, much mottled and speckled with clear dark brown; sides with 5 distinct irregular dark-brown bars, extending from base of dorsal to level of lower margin of pectoral, their lower edges con- nected by a vague undulating longitudinal band; a blackish blotch on occipital region, and black blotches on cheeks, opercles, and before base of pectoral; opercle with several narrow pinkish streaks; head below with narrow streaks formed by series of dark-brown spots; an interrupted brown bar across lower jaw; belly unspotted; ventrals pale; other fins all barred with narrow series of dark-brown dots; anal somewhat dusky. Coast of Brazil and the west coast of Mexico; common. Here described from the types of Clinus zonifer. This is the most abundant denizen of the rock pools around Mazatlan, with the single exception of Gobius soporator, reaching a length of 3 to 5 inches. We are unable to separate M. zonifer from Mazatlan from Bahia examples of MW. delalandi, and take our account from specimens of the former. (Named for Delalande, who col- lected for Cuvier in Brazil.) Clinus delalandii, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 378, 1836, Brazil (Coll. Delalande); GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 264, 1861. Clinus zonifer, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 361, Mazatlan. (Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) Clinus philipii, LOCKINGTON, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1881,114; not of STEINDACHNER. Labrisomus delalandi, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 333. 2700. MALACOCTENUS VERSICOLOR (Poey). Head 34; depth 33. D.XVIII,12; A.20. Body compressed; head mod- erate; snout prolonged; pectoral 1+ in head; ventral 12; eye large, as long as snout, 34 in head; nostrils not tubular; mouth small; maxillary not reaching so far as eye; teeth firm, in 1 row, those above much larger and slightly curved backward; 12 teeth above and 9 below on each side [no teeth on vomer]; no tentacle over eye; no anal papilla; a comb of filiform tentacles on each side of the neck; head naked; body scaly; lateral line short; dorsal with 2 depressions, the first spine higher than the 4 which follow, the depressions much more marked than in WM. varius; pectoral reaching beyond front of anal. Color yellowish brown; head, trunk, and fins varied with vertical brown bands and large brown spots; ventrals yellowish. On the figure the 5 bands behind the anal cross the body and extend on the vertical fins. Cuba. One specimen known, 53 mm. in length. (Poey.) Apparently very close to M. delalandi, but lacking the orbital tentacle, and, according to Poey, vomerine teeth also. (versi- color, variegated. ) Myxodes versicolor,* Pony, Enumeratio, 131, pl.5, f.1,1875,Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) = Tis species and its affines were referred by Poey to Myaodes, a South American genus allied to Clinus and Gibbonsia, but differing from the latter in its uniserial teeth. 2360 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2701. MALACOCTENUS BIGUTTATUS (Cope). Dorsal XIX-I,11; anal II,16; The first dorsal spines the longest, last spine longer than penultimate; length of head without opercular flap, 32 times in length (exclusive of caudal fin); eye a little less than } length of head, ? greater than interorbital width; pectoral fin reaching to fifth anal; scales large, 4-46-10 [cirri and teeth not described]. Pale reddish brown, humeral red-veined; rufous specks on anterior part of sides; 7 subquadrate brown blotches from nape to caudal fin, continued with interruptions as lateral bands, the fourth near end of spinous dorsal black; a black spot at base of membrane between first to third dorsal spines; 2 small brown spots behind orbit, the posterior on operculum. Length 2.25 inches. This species is well distinguished from Labrisomus nuchipinnis by the large scales, form of dorsal fin, coloration, etc. From New Providence, Bahamas; Dr. H. C. Wood’s collection. Also a very small specimen from Dr. Rijgersma, St. Martins. (Cope.) Not seen by us. (bis, two; guttatus, spotted.) Labrisomus biguttatus, COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 1873, 473, New Providence, Bahama Islands. (Coll. Dr. H.C. Wood.) 873. LABRISOMUS,* Swainson. Labrisomus, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fishes, 1, 277, 1839 (pectinifer). Lepisoma, DE Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 41, 1842 (ctrrhoswm). Labrosomus, GILL, amended spelling. ? Blennioclinus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 103 (brachycephalus). 2Auchenionchus (misprinted Anchenionchus), GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 193 (variolosus). ? Calliclinus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 103 (geniguttatus). ? Ophthalmolophus, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 104 (latipinnis). * Concerning this genus and its affines, Dr. Gill remarks: “The name Labrosomus (or Labrisomus) was first published in 1839, in the second volume of the ‘Natural History of Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles.’ At theseventy-fifth page of that volume, Swainson has divided the Cuvieran genus Clinus into 5 genera: Clinus, of which the Clinus acuminatus, Cuvier, is taken as the type; Labrisomus with Clinus peetin- ifer, Valenciennes, as type; Tripterygion, Risso, Olinitrachus, Reese, which is typified by Blennius variabilis of Rafinesque, and Blennophis, of which the Clinus anguillaris, Valen- ciennes is the only true species. Of these genera, Olinus Swainson, and Olinitrachus Swain- son, are distinguished by false or illusive characters, and cannot be regarded as distinct. The others are valid, but their characters require revision. The only claim to distinction of the genus Labrosomus given by Swainson, is founded on the strong, conic, and pointed row of front teeth, behind which are villiform ones; a thicker body than in Clinus, and the ‘dorsal fin distinctly emarginate toward the caudal.’ The genus resting on these charac- ters alone is composed of very incongruous elements. ‘To it are referred, at page 277 of the second volume, the tollowing species, all of which are described as species of Olinus by Valenciennes: Labrosomus gobio, L. pectinifer, L. capillatus, L. delalandii, L. lin- earis, L. variolosus, L. peruvianus, L. microcirrhis, L. ? geniguttatus, L. elegans, L. ? lit- toreus and L.latipinnis. Of these species, not more than 3 can, with propriety, be regarded as congeners, if the Labrosomus pectinifer is taken as the type. These are Labrosomus pectinifer, L.capillatus, and perhaps L. delalandii. The latter is more probably the repre- sentative of adistinct genus. That genus is distinguished from Labrosomus by the smaller mouth, the presence of only 2 rays to the ventral fins, and perhaps by the undulating mar- gin of the spinous portion of the dorsal fin. It may be named Malacoctenus, in allusion to the pectiniform row of filaments. This genus is the nearest ally of Labrosomus. All the others are very distinct. Labrisomus gobio Swainson, is the type of quite a distinct genus, whose characters consist of a broad, depressed head, with a very short muzzle, large ap- proximated eyes, superciliary and nasal tentacles, 2 ventral rays, and a comparatively short spinous dorsal. The genus may be called Gobioclinus. The only species, Gobioclinus gobio, is found in the West Indies, and has but 18 dorsal spines. Labrisomus linearis Swainson is synonymous with Clinus brachycephalus, Valenciennes. This, also, is the type of a Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2361 Body oblong, robust; head naked, short, compressed above; mouth rather large, with a row of stout, bluntish teeth in front of each jaw, behind which is a band of smaller teeth, broadest in lower jaw; teeth on vomer, no teeth on palatines; a tentacle above the eye; sides of neck with a tuft or series of fine filaments; dorsal fin continuous, with numer- ous slender spines and many soft rays, the spines not very unequal; pec- torals long; lateral line continuous; scales moderate or small, cycloid; shoulder girdle without upturned hook-like process on its inner edge. Intestinal canal short, shorter than body. The limits of this genus are not well defined, and most of the nominal genera above named will proba- bly be found worthy of recognition. This genus differs from Clinus chiefly in the absence of the upturned spine-like processes on the inner edge of the shoulder girdle. This process is found on Clinus acuminatus, the type of the genus Clinus. (Labrus; 6@ua, body.) a. Scales moderate, about 70 in lateral line (so far as known); soft dorsal with 11 to 13 rays. b. Dorsal spines 16; anal rays 20; tentacles on nape. HERMINIER, 2702. bb. Dorsal spines 18; no teeth on palatines; first ray of dorsal not longest; or- bital tentacle well developed; nape with a conspicuous comb of fringes. d. Vomer with a cluster of small teeth. NUCHIPINNIS, 2703. dd. Vomer with 3 to 5 large blunt teeth arranged in the form of a A. XANTI, 2704. bbb. Dorsal spines 20; teeth on palatines (?); first dorsal spine longest. BUCCIFERUS, 2705. aa. Scales very small, about 110; a comb of fringes at nape; first dorsal spines low; head with yellow spots. MICROLEPIDOTUS, 2706. 2702. LABRISOMUS HERMINIER (Le Sueur). D. XVI, 11; A.20; C.14; P.16; V.3. Body slender, compressed. Cilia on nostrils, above the eye, and on the nape; lips thick, concealing conical teeth, behind each band of smaller teeth; teeth also on the palate and on the base of the gill arches. Scales rather large. Lateral line curved from the pectoral, becoming straight thence to the tail. Color reddish brown with numerous spots; a black spot at front of spinous dorsal. distinct genus distinguished by its abbreviated and blenniform head, the profile being very convex; by the villiform teeth, the absence of superciliary tentacles, the spinous portion of the dorsal long, and the presence of only 2 rays to the ventral fins. The name Blennioclinus is conferred on it; for the species, the specific name of Valen- ciennes must beretained. Labrisomus variolosus is distinguished by a large thick head, with lateral eyes, short superciliary tentacles, and a small nuchal one. The mouth is large; the teeth of the jaws in an outer row strong and conical, behind which are villi- form ones; those of the vomer and palate are villiform, in 3 patches, 1 on the vomer and 1 on each palatine bone. The spinous portion of the dorsal is long, and the ventrals have each 3 rays. The species thus characterized is the type of a new genus which may be named Anchenionchus (misprint for Auchenionchus). Labrisomus microcirrhis, L. ele- ans and L. peruvianus are nearly related to Anchenionchus, and are from the same zoo- ogical province. Labrosomus ? geniguttatus is distinguished from Anchenionchus by the more approximated eyes and by the disposition of the vomero-palatine teeth, as wellas the small size of the anterior row of maxillary teeth. The dorsalis moderately long, and each of the ventrals has 3 rays. The mouth is comparatively small, and there are super- ciliary, nasal, and nuchal tentacles. For this species the generic name Oalliclinus is proposed. Labrisomus latipinnis is related to Blennioclinus, butis distinguished from the species of that genus by the presence of superciliary tentacles. The generic name of Ophthalmolophus may be retained for it.” (Proc, Ac, Nat. Sci, Phila, 1860, 102, 103.) 3030——71 2362 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. St. Bartholomew, West Indies; known from one specimen taken among madrepori¢ rocks. (Le Sueur.) Not recognized by any recent author; perhaps not distinct from L. nuchipinnis. Blennius herminier, Le SuEur, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Iv, 1824, 361, St. Bartholomew. Olinus hermineri, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 380, 1836. 2703. LABRISOMUS NUCHIPINNIS (Quoy & Gaimard). Head 34; depth 3}. D. XVIII, 12; A. II, 17; scales 70. Body oblong, rather robust; head naked, thick, short, not very obtuse anteriorly, com- pressed above; mouth rather large, the maxillaries not prolonged back- ward, extending to opposite the posterior part of eye, 24 in head; teeth on vomer and palatines; front teeth of jaws conic, strong, behind them a band of villiform teeth, broadest in lower jaw; vomer with a patch of smallish teeth; eyes large; interorbital space very narrow; each side of neck with a long series of hair-like filaments, nearly as long as eye; orbital tentacle short and broad, multifid; nostril with a tufted barbel; lower jaw slightly projecting, its posterior teeth sometimes recurved ; pectorals a little shorter than head, reaching vent. Dorsal spines rather slender, the 3 anterior spines scarcely shorter than the others, all the spines lower than the soft rays; dorsal fin commencing near the nape, the spinous por- tion long; soft rays higher than the spines; caudal small; pectorals rather large; ventrals moderate; gill-membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; lateral line complete, high anteriorly, then abruptly decurved; membranes of vertical fins scaly; scales not very small, cycloid. Reddish brown, sometimes with vertical bands; a black spot on opercle, which is often edged with white; cheeks and fins reticulate or dotted. Length 6 to 8 inches. West Indies, north to Florida Keys, south to Brazil; gener- ally common in rock pools; also recorded from the Canary Islands. (nucha, nape; pinna, fin.) Olinus nuchipinnis, Quoy & GAIMARD, Voy. Uranie et Physicienne, Zool., 255, 1824, Brazil (Coll. M.Freycinet & M. Gay); GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 262, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Syn- opsis, 762, 1883. Olinus pectinifer, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1, 374, 1836, Bahia. Lepisoma cirrhosum, DE Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 41, 1842, Florida. Clinus canariensis, VALENCIENNES, in WEBB & BERTHELOT, Poiss. Iles Canaries, 60, 17, f. 3, Canary Islands. Clinus capillatus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 377, 1836, Martinique. Labrosomus pectinifer, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 105. Labrisomus capillatus, GIL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 107. 2704. LABRISOMUS XANTI, Gill. Head 34 in body; depth 34. D. XVIII,12; A. II, 18; scales 10-64 (pores)-12 (from front of straight portion of lateral line to anal); eye 4} in head, maxillary 2; highest dorsal spine 23; pectoral 14; caudal 13. Body not greatly elongate, compressed, anterior profile well rounded from snout to nape; mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching to below mid- dle of eye; teeth small, canine-like, growing gradually larger toward Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2363 front of upper jaw; side teeth on lower jaw very small, abruptly enlarged on front half of jaw; teeth on vomer *.-shaped, in a single row, the ones at the angles enlarged, 1 or 2 small ones between them at the sides; small multifid dermal flaps at nape, over eye, and above nostril; interorbital concave at the middle, # the diameter of eye; gill rakers small and short, 3+6in number. First dorsal spine inserted behind eye a distance equal to diameter of eye, about { shorter than longest spine; soft dorsal the higher; origin of anal midway between snout and base of caudal, not running as far back as dorsal; pectoral reaching a little past front of anal; ventrals long and slender, inserted a little in front of pectorals, their ends not reaching vent; caudal rounded. Color in spirits, brownish gray, with about 6 wide irregular cross bars which are darker toward their edges, 2 black streaks running downward aud backward from eye; cheeks and opercles with many small light blue spots; spinous dorsal mottled and spotted with darker, other fins with small irregular dark lines running across the rays; ventrals dusky; tentacles on head black. Described from.a specimen 5 inches in length from La Paz, Lower Cali- fornia. Pacific coast of Tropical America from Gulf of California to Pan- ama; common in rock pools; representing on the Pacific coast the scarcely different LZ. nuchipinnis.. (Named for John Xantus.) Labrosomus xanti, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 107, Cerro Blanco (Type, Nos. 2334, 2335, 2478. Coll. J. Xantus); JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 368. 2705. LABRISOMUS BUCCIFERUS, Poey. Head 3? in total length with caudal; depth 5. D.XX,11; A.II,19; eye 4 in head, a little longer than snout; anterior nostril with a little tube; lower jaw longer; forehead convex, the snout short; mouth large, reaching beyond middle of eye; a few filaments on nape and 1 above preopercle. Teeth cardiform, the outer ones large; teeth on vomer (and palatines). Body sealy. Lateral line complete. First ray of dorsal longest, the others forming a convex curve up to the 19, which is shortest; pectoral moderate, of 12 rays, the lower thickened. Color brownish yellow, with vertical brown points extending on fins; a series of pale points along sides; the head gray, cheek dark brown. Onespecimen55mm.long. Cuba. (Poey.) Not seen by us. (bucca, cheek; fero, I bear). Labrisomus bucciferus, PoEY, Synopsis, 399, 1868, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 2706. LABRISOMUS MICROLEPIDOTUS, Poey. Length of head equal to depth; pectoral 13 in head; eye 15 in snout, 44 in head. Maxillary reaching to base of middle of eye, 24 inhead. Mouth oblique, with strong téeth; the lower jaw the longer; small fringe of ten- tacles at anterior nostril above eye, and a comb of fringes at the nape. First 3 dorsal spines subequal, considerably lower than the second 3, which become progressively longer. Scales in lateral line about 110. Head brown, with small yellow spots scattered over its lower part and on the gill membranes. Pectoral and caudal withsome black points. Cuba. 2364 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. (Poey.) Known from an imperfect description, with a drawing of the head of a specimen 180 mm. long. (miupos, Small; Aenid wr 0s, scaly.) Labrosomus microlepidotus, Pony, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., X1x, 1880, 246, 1, 8, f.2, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 874. MNIERPES, Jordan & Evermann. Mnierpes, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 468, 1896 (macrocephulus). This genus is close to Labrisomus, from which it differs chiefly in the very elongate body and in the absence of anorbital tentacle. The dorsal spines are more numerous, and probably the vertebre also. The lips are thick and there is no trace of hook on the shoulder girdle. A band of fillitorm teeth in the jaws behind the anterior series; teeth on vomer, none on palatines. (voy, moss; Epmns, creeper. ) 2707. MNIERPES MACROCEPHALUS (Giinther). Head 44; depth 6 to 6} (74 in total). D. XXII, 12; A. II, 24; C. 13; P. 13; V. 1, 3; scales about 70. The head is depressed, rather short, nearly as oproad as long; crown of the head broad and flat; interorbital space concave, narrower than the orbit. Snout very short, obtuse, rounded; the maxillary not extending to behind the posterior margin of the orbit; lips thick. Teeth in jaws forming a band with an outer series of stronger ones; vomerine teeth in a narrow band; palatine teeth none. No orbital tentacles, those at the nostril and on the neck very small. Gill openings wide, the gill membranes being united at the throat. Head naked; scales on the body not very small, cycloid. Dorsal fin commencing at occiput, and terminating near base of caudal, the spines flexible, and much lower than the soft rays; the 3 anterior ones rather more remote from one another than the following; none of the rays of this or of the other fins branched; caudal rounded; anal higher posteriorly than ante- riorly, about as high as the spinous dorsal; pectorals rounded, with the middle rays longest, shorter than the head; ventrals jugular, } as long as the pectoral, with the spine and the outer ray enveloped in a common thick membrane. Dark grayish olive; head and fins blackish; head, base of the pectoral, anterior part of the body, and dorsal dotted with white. Pacific coast of Central America. (Giinther.) Known from a few speci- mens from Panama, Those examined by us (Mus. Comp. Zool.) have the sides much freckled and mottled with pale. (waxpos, long; xe¢aAn, head.) Clinus macrocephalus, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 267, 1861, Pacific coast of Central America (Coll. Capt. John M. Dow); GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 442, pl. 69, fig. 2, 1869. Labrosomus macrocephalus, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 389. 2 875. GOBIOCLINUS, Gill. Gobioclinus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 102 (gobio). Body robust; head broad, depressed, with a very short muzzle. Eyes large, approximated, close together; palatine teeth present; a tentacle above eye; no nuchal filaments. Scales very large, about 30 in the lateral Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2365 line. Spinous dorsal of 18 spines. This genus seems to differ from Lab- risomus in the large scales, differently formed head, and in the absence of nuchal filaments. (Gobio, the gudgeon; Clinus.) 2708. GOBIOCLINUS GOBIO (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 34 in total length; depth 44. D. XVIII, 19; A. II, 17; C. 15; P. 14; V.2; scales 30-10. Head nearly as broad as long, its height a third less. Eye large, 24 in head, twice interorbital space; avery small tentacle over the eye, another on the nostril. Profile rounded between the eyes, descending vertically to the snout, which is very short. Cheeks inflated; the skull a little rough. Mouth reaching to opposite middle of eye, some- what black; teeth small, conic, and pointed; upper jaw with 26 equal teeth, the lower with 16, the last 2 larger and more curved; teeth on vomer and palatines, simple, in 2 irregular rows; gill membranes united, free from isthmus. Body posteriorly compressed. Dorsal slightly notched between spines and soft rays of anal; pectorals equal to ventrals. 5 in total length; caudal obtuse, 6 in total length. Lateral line disappearing opposite tip of ventral. Color greenish, with traces of cloudy brownish; the cross bands a deep brown, pointed at base of caudal. Lesser Antilles. Known from several specimens, one 2 inches in length. (Cuvier & Valen- ciennes.) Not seen by us; apparently a strongly marked species. (Gobio, the gudgeon, from its resemblance to Cottus gobio, the miller’s thumb. ) Clinus gobio, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 395, 1836, Lesser Antilles. (Coll. Plée.) Gobioclinus gobio, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 102. 876. STARKSIA, Jordan & Evermann. Starksia, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 231 (eremnobates). This genus is related to Labrisomus, differing in the large scales, the presence of palatine teeth, the short soft dorsal fin, and the absence of the comb of nuchal filaments. (Named for Mr. Edwin Chapin Starks, in recognition of his work on the fishes of Western America.) 2709. STARKSIA CREMNOBATES (Gilbert). Head 34 in length; depth 4%. D. XXI or XXII, 8; A. II, 19; scales 37. In appearance resembling very strongly the species of the genus Auchen- opterus. Body slender, snout sharp, the jaws equal; mouth wide, oblique, the maxillary reaching vertical from posterior margin of orbit, 21 in head. Teeth small, villiform, forming a band in front of upper jaw, the outer series enlarged; in lower jaw asingle series laterally, becoming double in front; similar teeth on vomer and palatines. Eye longer than snout, 4 in head; interorbital width less than diameter of pupil; opercle ter- minating in an evenly convex process behind, without spinous points; gill membranes broadly united, free from isthmus; no hook on inner edge of shoulder girdle; nostrils with a flap; a single slender filament above eye and 1 or more on each side of the nape. A slight notch between first 2366 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. and third dorsal spines and another between the eighteenth and twenty- first spines; the spines are low and strong, the highest equaling the snout and 4 eye; soft rays higher, the longest equaling + head; caudal short, rounded, entirely free from dorsal and anal; anal similar to soft dorsal, the first 2 rays spinous; ventrals inserted well in advance of pectorals, each consisting of 1 spine and 2 soft rays, which are joined only at base; pectorals pointed, the lower rays the longest, 17 in head. Scales large, cycloid, the lateral line running high in front, descending to middle of sides immediately behind pectorals, thence running straight to tail. In the types, which are probably immature, the pores are not developed on posterior part of body. Color in spirits, uniform light olivaceous, a small dusky spot behind orbit and 1 below and behind it; opercle dusky. In 1 specimen the rays of soft dorsal, anal, and caudal are finely barred with dusky. (Gilbert.) Length 14 inches. Gulf of California. Twospe- cimens known, from Albatross Station 3001, in 71 fathoms. (Cremnobates; xpnuvoparns, one that haunts rocks; a synonym of Auchenopterus.) Labrosomus cremnobates, GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1890, 100, Gulf of California. (Coll. Albatross). Starksia cremnobates, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 231. 877. CRYPTOTREMA, Gilbert. Oryptotrema, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 101 (corallinum). This genus differs from Labrisomus chiefly in the absence of nuchal fila- ments and in the modified anterior portion of the lateral line, which runs on aseries of enlarged scales having no externally visible pores, (xpumzros, concealed; rp7ua, pore.) 2710. CRYPTOTREMA CORALLINUM, Gilbert. Head 34 to 4 in length; depth 5}. D.XXVII,12; A.II, 27. Body elon- gate, regularly tapering backward to caudal peduncle, whose depth equals length of snout, which is sharp; mouth nearly horizontal; maxillary reaching middle of eye or beyond, 24 to 24 in head; teeth strong, but none of them enlarged, in a single series in jaws laterally, becoming double anteriorly; teeth on vomer and in a small distinct patch on front of palatines; eyes large, the interorbital space flat, nearly + diameter of orbit; orbit slightly exceeding length of snout, 3} in head; branchios- tegal membranes broadly united, free from isthmus, the posterior edge on vertical from preopercular margin; anterior nostril in a short tube, a slender flap arising from its posterior margin; a pair of simple slender filaments arising from the upper edge of each orbit, 1 on each side of nape, none others on head; gill rakers very short and weak; shoulder girdle without hook on its inner edge. Scales rather large, cycloid, the head alone naked; lateral line in its upper anterior portion without externally visible tubes, its position shown by a series of enlarged scales twice the size of the others; on these the tubes are wholly on the under side, each opening anteriorly by a single pore under the edge of the pre- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2367 ceding scale; anteriorly the lateral line runs near the back and parallel with it, becoming suddenly declined behind middle of trunk, thence run- ning on middle of side; the oblique portion of lateral line rests on about 7 scales, and the externally visible tubes of lateral line begin at this point; posterior portion of lateral line contained 14 to 1? in dorsal portion; scales of lateral line, 45 in dorsal portion, 7 in oblique portion, and 18 in posterior portion. A slight notch behind fourth dorsal spine, the second and third spines slightly longer than those following, the first little longer than the fourth, the longest spine about 24 in head; first 2 anal rays spinous, but weak and flexible; last dorsal and anal rays not joined by membrane to caudal peduncle, the depth of the latter equaling the length of its free portion; ventrals long and narrow, nearly reaching vent in males, consisting of 1 spine and 3 simple rays; pectorals with some of the lower rays longest, 1} in head; all of pectoral rays simple, 14 in number; caudal fin truncate, 1; to 14 in head. Length 5 inches. Color dusky olive above, with irregular narrow longitudinal streaks of bright coral red, aud 7 round black blotches above middle of sides; reticulating red lines and spots on top and sides of head and snout; branchiostegal mem- branes dusky in males; 2 red streaks on base of pectorals; dorsal some- what dusky, marked with lines of red spots; caudal with 3 rather faint cross bars; pectorals, ventrals, and anal largely black in males, pale in females; the red shades persistent in alcohol. Santa Barbara Islands. Three specimens from Albatross Station 2945, in 30 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (Corallina, a caleareous alga, among which it lives.) Cryptotrema corallinum, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 101, off Santa Barbara Islands. (Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) 878. EXERPES, Jordan & Evermann. Exerpes, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 232 (asper). Body slender, much compressed; the snout long, sharp in profile; first dorsal ribbon-shaped, the 3 slender spines close together, inserted at the nape, much in advance of the rest of the fin; ventrals very long and slender. Otherwise as in Auchenopterus, the scales large, and but 1 soft ray in the dorsal fin. (é£, without; ép77s, creeper.) 2711. EXERPES ASPER (Jenkins & Evermann). Head 3 (3% in total); depth 54 (64); eye 4} in head; scales 6-43-7, about 40 pores. D. III-XXV, 1; A. II, 20. Body compressed; head nar- row, pointed; snout long, lower jaw slightly the longer; mouth a little oblique, cleft moderate, maxillary not reaching nearly to vertical at front of orbit. Teeth in 1 well-defined outer series and a broken inner one, those in the outer series strongest and of pretty uniform size, short and broad; vomerine teeth in a single patch; no palatine teeth. No tentacles of any kind about the head. Profile nearly straight from snout to origin of first dorsal, but very slightly arched from there to base of caudal fin, Scales rather large, cycloid, about 6 rows between origin of second dor- sal and lateral line just behind its angle, and about 7 from there to mid- 2368 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. dle of ventral surface; 9 rows from origin of second dorsal to upper limb of opercle; entire head, opercles, and fins naked. Lateral line beginning at upper limb of opercle on a level with the pupil, almost exactly under the middle of the first dorsal fin, and a little more than + the distance from top of nape to the under side of the throat, arching gently for 7 or 8 scales, leaving but 1 row of scales between it and the first spines of the second dorsal; on the ninth, tenth, and eleventh scales it bears slightly downward until 2 rows are left between it and the dorsal, then a sharp turn is made which puts it 4 scales further down, and from there it pursues a nearly direct line to middle of base of caudal fin. Dorsal fins separate, the first of 3 slender, very close-set, flexible spines, their length about twice in that of head, the fin ribbon-shaped; second dorsal separated from first by a distance somewhat greater than diameter of eye, and composed of 25 rather stout, sharp spines and 1 terminal soft ray; the first 3 are gradu- ated, the first being contained 1} times in distance between the 2 fins, the second is about } longer, and the third still a little longer; the remaining 22 are of approximately equal length, about equaling distance from origin of first dorsal to that of second; the 1 soft ray somewhat shorter than spines, well separated from caudal by a space equal to that between dor- sals; pectorals inserted under middle of space separating dorsals, com- posed of 14 rays, equaling eye and snout in length, and reaching slightly past origin of anal; ventral of 2 rays inserted directly under origin of first dorsal and considerably in front of pectorals, which they somewhat exceed in length, in some specimens reaching vent; anal fin beginning slightly in front of posterior end of pectorals, a little lower than second dorsal and reaching a trifle nearer to caudal fin; first spine longer and more slender than the first regular dorsal spine, while the second equals the third dorsal in length. Caudal rounded, equaling in length the greatest depth of fish. Coloration in alcohol, pale, pretty regularly covered with very fine dark punctulations, thickest on back, palest below; a large dark opercular blotch, 2 similar postocular blotches, and usually a darkish bar extends downward from eye; upper half of preorbital region dark, outer margin of jaws dark; breast and under parts of head pale, top of head and nape dark; first dorsal quite dark, almost black; second dorsal pale, obscurely mottled with brown, which is disposed in about 5 indistinet areas; a large black ocellus upon the twelfth and thirteenth spines of sec- ond dorsal, and a similar one upon the twenty-third and twenty-fourth spines; each ocellus is surrounded by a narrow circle of white or pale orange. In the 6 specimens before us there is a slight variation as to the exact position of the 2 ocelli; in 1 example the second ocellus extends back upon the twenty-fifth spine also, but in every case the twelfth and thirteenth and the twenty-third and twenty-fourth are the spines which most evidently locate the spots; pectorals and ventrals plain; anal paler than dorsal, sparsely covered with fine dark points, so grouped as to form 3or 4 darker areas. Length 2} inches. Gulf of California. Known from 6 specimens taken from masses of kelp hauled out by the seine from the bay of Guaymas. (Jenkins & Evermann.) (asper, rough.) Auchenopterus asper, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 154, Guaymas, Mexico. (Type, No. 39648. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2369 879. AUCHENOPTERUS, Giinther. Auchenopterus, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 275, 1861 (monophthalmus). Oremnobates, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1861, 374 (monophthalmus). Substitute for Auchenopterus, regarded as preoccupied on account of its similarity to Auchenipterus, a genus of Siluride. Corallicola, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new subgenus (marmoratus). Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with rather large, cycloid scales; head shortish, naked, the snout rather pointed; cheeks full; mouth moderate, with a band of conical teeth in the jaws and about 1 series on the vomer, none on the palatines; lower jaw prominent; gill membranes united, free from the isthmus; upper surface of head with tentacles. Dorsal fin composed of stiff spines, with but a single soft ray, which is lower than the spines; first 3 spines more or less separated from the others, stiff and rather wider set, sometimes higher than the others; anal fin low, with 2 short spines; ventrals jugular, well developed; pectorals broad; lateral line complete, strongly curved anteriorly. Warm seas. This genus differs from Cristiceps in having but 1 soft ray in the dorsal fin, and in the large scales. (avynv, nape; mTEpor, fin.) CORALLICOLA (Corallus, coral; colo, I inhabit): a. First 3 or 4 spines of dorsal forming aseparate fin, being much higher than any of the spines in the posterior part of the fin; snout rather acute. b. Scales 33; dorsal with 1 ocellus, anal with none; a black cross bar at base of caudal; a yellow spot behind eye; snout pointed. NIGRIPINNIS, 2712. bb. Scales 37 or 38. c. First dorsal spine longer than second; dorsal with 2 ocelli; anal blackish; D.IV—-XXIV,1. ALTIVELIS, 2713. cc. First dorsal spine shorter than second; snout slender, very acute; caudal pale; dorsal with 2 ocelli, anal with 1; D, I1J-X XII, 1. MARMORATUS, 2714. AUCHENOPTERUS: aa. First 3 spines of dorsal scarcely forming a separate fin, none of them higher than the posterior spines; snout not very acute; anal without ocellus. d. Caudal fin pale, usually with a dark bar at its base; a notch between third and fourth dorsal spines. e. Dorsal spines about 31. f. Scales 34 to 36; membrane of third spine joining fourth at its base; dorsal and anal plain dusky. AFFINIS, 2715. Sf. Seales 38. g. Membrane of third spine joining fourth slightly above its base. MONOPHTHALMUS, 2716. gg. Membrane of third spine joining fourth spine much above its base. INTEGRIPINNIS, 2717. ee. Dorsal spines about 28; membrane of third spine joining fourth above its base; scales 38; body with distinct cross bars; dorsal with 1 ocellus. FASCIATUS, 2718. dd. Caudal fin black; body chiefly black; head mottled with whitish; membrane of third dorsal fin joining fourth near its summit, the fin not notched; dorsal spines 30; dorsal with 2 ocelli. NOX, 2719. Subgenus CORALLICOLA, Jordan & Evermann. 2712. AUCHENOPTERUS NIGRIPINNIS (Steindachner). Head 4; depth 54. D. XXVIII, 1; A. II, 27; scales 33; eye 44 in head; snout 44, equal to interorbital space; snout pointed. Three first dorsal spines higher than the others and further apart. A tentacle over eye. 2370 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Seales of body much largest anteriorly; lateral line arched. A deep black spot with a white ring between the twenty-second and twenty-fourth spines; anal edged with white; black cross band at base of caudal with silvery point at upper base of pectoral; a diffuse yellowish spot below and behind eye. Barbados. One specimen 1 inch and 7 lines long. (Stein- dachner); not seen by us. (niger, black; pinnis, fin.) Clinus nigripinnis, STEINDACHNER, Ich. Notizen, V1, 46, 1867, Barbados. 2713. AUCHENOPTERUS ALTIVELIS (Lockington). D.IV-XXIV,1; A.21; P.13; C.13; V.2; scales 37. Body compressed, greatest depth a little behind pectoral axil; greatest thickness at gill cov- ers; dorsal and abdominal profiles of similar curvature, decreasing regu- larly to the caudal fin; profile of occiput and snperorbital regions convex ; snout somewhat produced, its upper outline slightly concave. Head 4 in total length; greatest depth a little less than Jength of head; caudal pe- dunele about + of the greatest depth. Eye round, lateral, with a slight direction upward, its diameter less than the length of the snout; interor- bital area nearly equal in width to the diameter of the eye, concave trans- versely, upper orbital borders slightly raised. A short nasal tentacle slightly anterior to the front margin of the eye; a large fimbriated tentacle on each side of the first dorsal ray. Cleft of mouth oblique, the lower jaw the longer; the posterior convex extremity of the club-shaped maxil- lary about vertical with the center of the pupil. Teeth of the outer row regular, sharp, incurved, the largest in front, gradually decreasing along the lateral portions of the jaws, and not extending much past the middle of their length; a narrow band of small teeth in the rear of the outer row; vyomerine teeth present. Branchiostegals 6; gill openings continuous, membranes not attached to the isthmus. Distance from first ray of dorsal to posterior margin of eye equal to length of snout; first 2 rays of dorsal much developed, the first slightly the longer, and nearly equal in height to the distance of its base from the tip of the upper jaw; third ray about 4 the length of the first; fourth very short; succeeding rays to the twenty-sixth longer than the third, the last 3 somewhat decreasing. Anal commencing under eleventh dorsal ray, coterminous with, and equal in height to, the dorsal. Caudal with 13 simple jointed rays, the longest in the center, posterior margin convex. Pectorals narrow, lanceolate, the fifth and sixth rays longest and # the length of the head. Ventrals inserted in advance of the pectorals. Lateral line with 37 simple pores, parallel with dorsal outline to opposite the origin of the anal, where it is deflected almost perpendicularly downward to the middle of the side of the body, along which it continues to its termination. Scales rather large, about 10 in a transverse row in the central part of the body, their posterior margin membranaceous; no scales on fins; a line of pores around the margin of the orbit, another along the posterior margin of the preoperculum, con- nected with each other and with the lateral line by a line from the center of the hinder border of the eye. Color in alcohol, bright pink above, becoming dusky below; underside of head light olivaceous, lower lip Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2371 blackish; dorsal pink, dusky on its margin, a black spot on the fourth ray, and another on its hinder part upon the twenty-fourth and twenty- fifth rays, the latter spot extending on to the body; membrane of anal black; occipital tentacles black. La Paz, Lower California. A single specimen, 1,9; inches long, dredged at a depth of 22 fathoms. (Lockington.) (altus, high; velum, sail.) Cremnobates altivelis, LOCKINGTON, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1881, 116, La Paz, Lower Cal- ifornia. (Coll. W.J. Fisher.) 2714. AUCHENOPTERUS MARMORATUS (Steindachner). Head 32 to 34 in body; depth 3} to 32. D. III-XXII, 1; A. II, 19; scales 2-36-9 (28 or 29 anteriorly); eye 4 to 5 in head; first dorsal 1}; pectoral 14. Body comparatively deep, compressed, the back somewhat arched; head pointed; mouth large, the maxillary extending to behind the eye, 2 in head; opercle with a sharp spine; jaws equal; teeth pointed, in narrow bands, the outer larger; vomerine teeth in 1 row; supraocular tentacle small, about as large as nuchal tentacle; no nasal tentacle. Pectoral a little shorter than head; dorsals separate, the first dorsal higher than sec- ond dorsal, the spines of which are about + head. Color in life of varying shades of olive gray or sand color, with a series of whitish blotches on head and along sides; markings on dorsal and anal whitish; 2 dark-blue ocelli on dorsal and 1 on anal, these edged with orange and interiorly with black; ventrals, pectorals, and caudal whitish, barred with clear orange red; first dorsal black at tip; a curved blackish line at base of caudal; lower side of head yellowish brown, with whitish bands; specimens from coral reefs more spotted. Florida Keys to Cuba; common in the eelgrass at Key West. Our specimens, 2 to 24 inches long, taken at Key West and Havana. (marmoratus, marbled.) Oremnobates marmoratus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrige, v, 174, pl. 12, f.6, 1876,a small rocky island north of Cuba; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 962, 1883; JORDAN & GIL: BERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 142. Subgenus AUCHENOPTERUS. 2715. AUCHENOPTERUS AFFINIS (Steindachner). Head 4; depth 42. D.III-XXVII, 1; A. II, 19; V.1,2; scales 33 to 35. Form of A. integripinnis; maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of eye; a iringed tentacle above eye and 1 oneach side of occiput. First dor- sal low, its longest (second) ray shorter than the highest of second dorsal; membrane of third spine joining the fourth spine just above its base; last ray of second dorsal joined by membrane to base of caudal. Dark brown, paler than in 4. nox, but darker and more uniform than in Auchen- opterus fasciatus; lower side of head pearly gray, thickly speckled with darker; sides with 5 very faint darker cross bands; dorsal and anal dusky, the latter with a pale edge; between the eighteenth and twenty-second dorsal spines a large dark spot ocellated with yellowish; caudal yeliowish white, with darker cross streaks, a blackish band at its base; pectoral 2372 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, dusky at base, its posterior half yellowish, with darker cross streaks; ven- tral similar; a wedge-shaped, whitish band extending backward trom eye to opercle. West Indies; recorded from Key West and St. Thomas. Here described from specimens from Key West. (afinis, related,—to A. monophthalmus. ) Cremnobates afinis, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrage, v, 178, 1876, St. Thomas; JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 142; JoRDAN, Cat. Fishes N. A., 121, 1885. 2716. AUCHENOPTERUS MONOPHTHALMUS, Giinther. Head 34; depth 4. D. III-XXVI, 1; A. II, 18; scales 2-32-9; eye 5 in head; maxillary 1£; pectoral 14; caudal 1}. Body compressed, deepest at middle of pectorals; head moderately pointed, the upper profile slightly and ovenly convex; mouth large, maxillary reaching past eye; jaws subequal; teeth villiform, in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; interorbital space flat, as wide as eye; a multifid dermal flap over poste- rior edge of eye, and a smaller one on each side of nape; head naked; body with rather large, regular scales; fins naked. Origin of dorsal over edge of preopercle, the first 3 spines separated from rest of fin by a rather deep notch, the membrane from third spine joining fourth spine at about its middle; spines of posterior part of dorsal the highest; front of anal midway between tip of snout and base of caudal, tips of last rays reach- ing slightly beyond base of caudal and tips of last dorsal rays; pectorals reaching front of anal; ventrals long and slender, inserted in frent of base of pectorals a distance equal to 14 eye; caudal rounded. Color light gray- ish red or brown, with about 6 cross bars of darker brown, running up on dorsal; between the bars are scattered milky white irregular spots; a black spot, ocellated with white, on front of dorsal, a similar spot near posterior end, sometimes duplicated; narrow cross bars on anal; a dark bar on base of caudal, and a dark blotch on base of pectoral. Here described from specimens, a couple of inches in length, from La Paz, Lower California. Gulf of California to Panama, abundant in rock pools, creep- ing about among Corallina; close to A. integripinnis, but the first dorsal higher and more separate from rest of fin. (s6vos, one; 0¢GaA mds, eye, from the dorsal ocellus.) Auchenopterus monophthalmus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 275, 1861, Panama; JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sei. 1895, 501. Cremnobates monophthalmus, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1861, 374; GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 442, pl. 69, fig. 1, 1869. 2717. AUCHENOPTERUS INTEGRIPINNIS (Rosa Smith). Head 34; depth 43; eye 4 in head. D. IIJ-XXVII, 1; A. II, 20; scales 2-36-9; pectoral 14; caudal14. Head stout, broad, conical; mouth little oblique, maxillary reaching posterior margin of eye; eyes large; nasal, supraocular and nuchal regions with fringed cirri, those at the nape flap- like. First and second dorsal spines low, a little higher than the third, which, in turn, is higher than the fourth and separated from it by an interspace, the membrane between the third and fourth spines not deeply Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2313 emarginate, membrane from third spine attached to the lower } of fourth; anterior spines not forming a separate fin; highest anterior spine not higher than the highest of the posterior part of fin. Color dark brown, variegated with different shades of brown and reddish; about 5 indistinct dark cross bars; a distinct ocellated black spot on posterior part of dor- sal fin; caudal fin abruptly translucent, speckled, a black bar at its base; base of pectorals violet, bordered with black, the rest of the fin check- ered; ventrals barred. Length 24}inches. Coast of California and south- ward to Todos Santos; abundant in rock pools among Corallina. Here described from a specimen, 14 inches in length, from San Cristobal, Lower California. (integer, entire; pinna, fin.) Cremnobates integripinnis, ROSA SMITH, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 147, La Jolla, near San Diego (Coll. Rosa Smith) ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 764, 1883. 2718. AUCHENOPTERUS FASCIATUS (Steindachner). Head 4; depth 44. D. III-XXIV, 1; A. II, 18; scales 37. Body rather slender, a little deeper than in 4. integripinnis, the snout less acute than in A, marmoratus. First dorsal spine rather higher than second and lower than the spines of posterior part of fin; membrane of third spine joining second dorsal at a point above its base, the two parts of the fin therefore separated only by an emargination. Tentacle above eye slender, small; cirri on side of occiput bluish. In life, light pinkish brown, much mottled, and with traces of 6 to 8 faint darker bars; head and its cirri above whit- ish; 3 blackish spots behind eye, radiating from it, the lower one largest; preopercle with 3 dark dots; dorsal pale, with 9 blackish blotches, in the next to the last of which is a large blue-black ocellus, edged with orange; anal with 5 dark blotches and no ocellus; a blackish bar across base of caudal; rest of caudal and pale part of anal with dark dots; ventrals whitish, barred with black; pectoral similar, its base with a whitish area, which has a brown center, below which is a small black spot. Length 2 inches. Florida Straits; north to Key West. Here described from speci- mens from Key West. (fasciatus, banded.) Cremnobates fasciatus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, v, 176, 1876, Florida Straits; Jor- DAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1884, 142; JoRDAN, Cat. Fishes N. A., 121, 1885. 2719. AUCHENOPTERUS NOX (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 32; depth33. D.III-XXVII; A. II, 18; lateral line with 34 tubes. Snout not very acute, the upper and lower profiles of head nearly evenly convex; mouth large, maxillary reaching slightly beyond eye, 4 length of head; eye large, equaling length of snout, greater than interorbital width, 4 in head (to end of opercular spine); interorbital width 4? in head; nasal, supraorbital, and occipital tentacles present, those on snout and above the orbits simple, slender filaments, the latter about as long as diame- ter of orbit, 1 of them divided to the base, the other simple; the ten- tacle on each side of nape a compressed slip of skin higher than wide, the margin uneven, but not fringed. Anterior dorsal spines not much elevated, 2374 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, not higher than some of the posterior spines; the first and second spines about equal, 2} in head; the third spine shorter, about equal in length to the fourth, from which it is separated by a wide membrane, which is, however, not at all notched; the spines thence increase in length toward the last; caudal 14 in head; pectorals reaching anal, nearly equaling length of head; ventrals not reaching vent, 14} in head. Scales large, 4 series above lateral line and 4 below. Color, body and fins uniform black- ish brown; afew sinall silvery-white specks on dorsal region, mostly along base of dorsal fin; head and base of pectoral fin with light pink areas and mottlings; snout pink above; nape with a pink cross bar; a dark streak upward and backward from eye to nape; a light streak from eye back- ward to opercle and 1 backward and downward; lower jaw mottled with light and dark; a small round, black spot near base of dorsal between twenty-third and twenty-fifth spines, and 1 between twenty eighth and thirtieth, beth very faintly ocellated with lighter; slight whitish tips on ventrals and lower edge of caudal. Key West; known from a single specimen, 1? inches long, taken with the seine in alge on a rocky bottom at Key West. Its congeners, 4. marmoratus, A. fasciatus, and A. affinis, were found in the same waters, 4. marmoratus being much the most abund- ant of the 4, and reaching the largest size. (nox, night.) Cremnobates nox, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 30, Key West. (Coll. Jordan.) 880. PARACLINUS, Mocquard. Acanthoclinus, MOCQUARD, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1885, 18 (chaper7) ; name preoccupied. Paraclinus, MocquArD, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1886, 11 (chaperi). Body elongate, compressed, covered with cycloid scales; mouth large, each jaw armed with an external row of conical teeth, with some teeth behind; teeth on the palate; dorsal very long, continuous, composed entirely of spines, anal with 2 spines; ventrals jugular, with few rays; ten- tacles on head; gill opening very broad; 6 branchiostegals; lateral line interrupted. Evidently very close to Auchenopterus, from which it may be distinguished by the continuous dorsal fin, a character which needs verification. (zapd, near; Clinus.) 2720. PARACLINUS CHAPERI, Mocquard. Head 44; depth 44. D. XXXI; A.II, 19; P.13; V. 2; scales 35. Body elongate, very strongly compressed; eye large, equal to snout or inter- orbital width; lower jaw slightly the longer; mouth oblique, reaching front of eye; outer row of teeth strong, canine-like, slenderer and more close set above, below diminishing rapidly in length, the bands of small teeth limited to front of each jaw, a curved group of teeth on palate; dorsal beginning over preopercle, not notched, composed entirely of stout spines; anal equally long; ventrals very narrow, of 2 soft rays, well sepa- rated, the inner slightly longer than outer; head with 3 pairs of ten- tacles, 1 at the nape, filiform, small, } as long as eye; the second below the orbit, broadened at base, separated into 3 or 4 branches, progressively Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2375 longer from the inner outward, longer than eye; nuchal filament a little in front of dorsal, in form, oblong, entire, laminated, a little broader at its free edge, } as long as eye; scales large, cycloid; lateral line inter- rupted before front of anal, anterior part rounding over eye with only 2 rows of scales between it and the dorsal, posterior part median; gill mem- branes broadly united, free from isthmus. Body brownish yellow, fins brown, the base and the caudal darker. Bay of Guanta, near Barcelona, in Venezuela; 1 specimen, 33 mm. long to base of caudal. (Mocquard.) Not seen by us. (Named for its collector, M. Chaper.) Acanthoclinus chaperi, MOCQUARD, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1885, 19, Bay of Guanta, Vene- zuela. Paraclinus chaperi, MOCQUARD, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1886, 41. 881. EMMNION, Jordan. Emmnion, JORDAN, in Gilbert. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 454 (bristole). Body elongate, covered with caducous, cycloid scales of small size; lat- eral line straight, ending near base of last dorsal ray. Head moderate, decurved anteriorly, without cirri; mouth moderate; teeth in jaws in bands, the outer enlarged; no teeth on vomer or palatines; dorsalnotched, its anterior % of flexible spines of moderate height; ventrals I, 3, the rays thickish, the fin inserted slightly before pectorals; caudal free. Galap- agos Islands. (év,in; “vzov, sea moss, or alga.) 2721. EMMNION BRISTOL, Jordan. Head 537; depth 74. D. XXV, 13; A. 1, 27; P. 13; V.1, 3; Br.-5; scales 3-5U-11, the count not certain. Body slender, moderately compressed, the dorsal profile forming a nearly straight line from occiput to first dorsal ray, from thence descending very gently to base of caudal; ventral profile about straight. Head broad, slightly convex above, its width 14 in its length; anterior profile from first dorsal spine to a point above eye straight, thence abruptly descending to tip of snout; mouth horizontal, the lower jaw included; maxillary reaching nearly to posterior margin of eye, about 24 in head. Teeth present on both jaws, canine-like; upper jaw with 8 enlarged teeth in front, about 2 or 3 series of much smaller teeth behind these, only 1 series of which extends into posterior region of mouth; lower jaw with a series of teeth in front and on sides which is greatly enlarged in front; a patch of very small teeth behind the enlarged front teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Premaxillary very pro- tractile; snout blunt, 44 in head; eyes large, round, placed close together, 34 in head; interorbital region very narrow, less than pupil; nostrils equal. Caudal peduncle 24 in head; branchiostegal membranes deeply united, free from isthmus; gills 4, a small slit behind the fourth; no cirri above eyes, nor filaments on nape; head naked, body covered with cycloid scales, those on nape much smaller; belly naked. The scales on the body are apparently caducous as all have fallen, but the points are very distinct and they seem to have been embedded on their anterior edge, 2376 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. as the sac-like fold of skin is prominent. Lateral line simple, straight, running from upper edge of gill opening to last ray of dorsal when it is lost, not reaching the caudal; it is placed very high, and gradually approaches the dorsal fin, from which it is separated only by a very small distance. Dorsal extending from a point a short distance behind occiput nearly to base of caudal, emarginate; last spine shortest, about 2} in first soft ray, which is 2} in head; the longest spines about 3 in head, all the spines slender and flexible. Anal extending from behind vent nearly to base of caudal; similar to soft dorsal, its rays lower. Ventrals well developed with broad base, the rays thickish, inserted very slightly in front of base of pectorals, 14 in head, reaching ? the distance to vent. Caudal subtruncate. Pectorals reaching past vent, about as long as head. Dorsal and anal free from caudal. Color in spirits, dark dull reddish- brown, lighter below; head very dark; dorsals, pectorals, and caudal blackish, pectorals and caudal with lighter blotches; anal and ventrals dusky, anal margined with darker. Length about 3 inches. Galapagos Islands; one specimen known, evidently a rock-pool species. (Named for Miss Susan Brown Bristol, of the department of zoology in Leland Stan- ford Junior University.) Emmynion bristole, JORDAN, in GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 454, pl. 55, fig. 1, Gala- pagos Islands. (Coll. Albatross.) 882. ATOPOCLINUS, Vaillant. Atopoclinus, VAILLANT, Bull. Sci. Philom. Paris, serie 8, tome v1, 1894, 73 (ringens). Body elongate, subcylindrical, without visible scales. Head obtuse, the snoutshort, rounded ; mouth inferior, transverse, with compressed trenchant teeth in each jaw, those above at least in a single row, solidly fastened to theskeleton; teeth on vomer and palatines uncertain. Dorsal continuous, extending the whole length of the back, from the nape to the caudal pedun- cle, its rays mostly simple, only the posterior articulate; anal occupying nearly 4+ the length, touching the caudal, which is, nevertheless, distinct; caudal deeply forked; ventrals distinctly jugular, very long, of a spine and a ray; no tentacles; gill membranes apparently rounded at the isthmus. Gulf of California; a singular genus evidently closely allied to Runula. (aroros, strange; Clinus.) 2722. ATOPOCLINUS RINGENS, Vaillant. Head 5; depth 7. D. 24; A.18; P. 15; V.I,1. Eye large, 7 in head; interorbital space broad, 3 in head. Caudal a little longer than head. Color clear chamois brown, the belly pale; a brown band before the snout, across the eye to the caudal, on which it extends; a silvery stripe border- ing this band above, and below for part of its length. Gulf of California. (Vaillant); known from 1 specimen badly shriveled, 39 mm. in length. (ringens, gaping.) A topoclinus ringens, VAILLANT, Bull. Sci. Philom. Paris, serie 8, tome VI, No. 2, February 25, 1894, 74, Gulf of California. (Coll, Léon Diguet.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2377 883. RUNULA, Jordan & Bollman. Runula, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 171 (azalea). Body slender, its back not elevated; mouth small, inferior, destitute of canines; teeth fixed, upper largest; dorsal fin continuous, its spines and soft rays indistinerishable, most of them articulate; caudal fin lunate; gill openings reduced to a vertical slit in front of pectoral; scales none. This genus is remotely allied to the East Indian genus Petroskirtes, but has the mouth and dentition different, and the caudal fin, unlike that of most blennioid fishes, is forked. (Diminutive of rwna, a dart or javelin.) 2723. RUNULA AZALEA, Jordan & Bollman. Head 44; depth 64. D. 42; A. 26 or 27; V. I, 2. Body moderately elongate, not much compressed; head rather long, its upper outlines convex; snout short and very blunt; mouth entirely inferior, transverse, each jaw provided with long, slender, close-set curved teeth; no evident posterior canines; eye moderate, equal to snout and nearly equal to inter- orbital width, 4 in head; no tentacles on head; gill membranes fully united to the isthmus, the gill opening reduced to a vertical slit, its lower edge opposite middle of base of pectoral; no scales; lateral line very high, concurrent with the back; dorsal fin very low, continuous; the feeble spines and soft rays indistinguishable, the fin beginning at occiput; anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal lunate behind, well separated from dorsal and anal; pectorals small, rounded, about 14 in head; ventrals short, before pectorals, about 2 in head. Color reddish brown, silvery below, about 5 dusky cross shades; a dusky lateral streak; a black spot surrounded by paler at base of caudal; dorsal with about 6 black cross- bars; anal with 4; other fins pale; lower half of head abruptly pale. Galapagos Archipelago. The type, 2 inches long, taken at Indefatigable Island; 3 more specimens have since been obtained from the same island. (aCadéos, parched, from the brown color.) Runula azalea, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889,171, Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago (Coll. Albatross); JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 233, pl. 37. 884. BLENNIUS (Artedi) Linnzeus. (BLENNIES. ) Blennius, ARTEDI, Genera Piscium, 27, 1738. Blennius, LINN&Xvs, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 256, 1758 (galerita). Salaria, FoRSKAL, Deser. Anuim., 22,1777 (basiliscus). Pholis, FLEMING, Brit. Anim., 207, 1828 (levis—pholis) ; not Pholis SCOPOLI, 1777. Adonis, GRoNOW, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 93, 1754 (pavoninus = ocellaris). Lipophrys, Git, American Naturalist, June, 1896, 498 (pholis). Body oblong, compressed, naked; head short, the profile usually bluntly rounded; mouth small, horizontal, with a single series of long, slender, curved, close-set teeth in each jaw, besides which, in the lower jaw at least, is a rather short and stout fang-like canine tooth on each side; 3030——72 2378 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. premaxillaries not protractile; gill openings wide, extending forward below, the membranes free from the isthmus, or at least forming a broad fold across it. Dorsal fin entire, or more or less emarginate, the spines slender; pectorals moderate; ventrals well developed, I, 3; no pyloric ceca; lateral] line developed anteriorly. Species numerous, lurking under rocks and alg in most warm seas; some species in the lakes of northern Italy. The European species in general are larger in size than ours, with higher fins. (Blennius, the ancient name, from GAévva, slime.) LIPOPHRYS (Acizw, to disappear; opps, eye-brow) : a. Supraorbital cirrus wanting; snout not very blunt in profile. b. Posterior canine present in each jaw; dorsal slightly emarginate; D. XII, 18. CAROLINUS, 2724. BLENNIUS: aa. Supraorbital cirrus present; profile of snout more or less blunt. ce. Canines strong, present in both jaws; no nuchal cirri. d. Dorsal rays XI or XII, 17 or 18. e. Supraorbital cirrus bifid; dorsal free from caudal. f. Supraorbital cirrus as long as head; dorsal emarginate; sides spotted; D. XI, 17. 1 UCORUM, 2725. ff. Supraorbital cirrus as long as eye and snout; dorsal continuous; color olivaceous, with dark bars; D. XT, 18. STEARNSI, 2726. ee. Supraorbital cirrus bifid, nearly as long as head; last ray of dorsal joined to caudal; sides with a network of blue lines; D. XII, 18. FAVOSUS, 2727. dd. Dorsal rays XII, 21 or 22; supraorbital cirrus long, fringed; dorsal free from caudal; cheeks with network of lines; body nearly plain. PILICORNIS, 2728. cc. Canines short and stoutish, present in lower jaw only (undescribed in truncatus and in marmoreus.) g. Nape without cirrus; snout abruptly decurved; body robust, marbled; D. XII, 20. MARMOREUS, 2729, gg. Nape with a cirrus on each side. h. Dorsal and anal free from caudal. Nape with a filiform bifid tentacle on each side; teeth undescribed; supraorbital tentacle simple; color olive, with bright spots. TRUNCATUS, 2730. hh. Dorsal and anal with the last ray largely joined by membrane to caudal; nape with a small cirrus; posterior canines strong, in lower jaw only; dorsal not notched; color uniform brown; D. XII, 18. VINCTOS, 2731. ggg. Nape with a comb of many close-set cirri on a fleshy crest; lower jaw only with short posterior canines; dorsal fin continuous, free from caudal; D. XII, 16 or 17. : CRISTATUS, 2732. Subgenus LIPOPHRYS, Gill. 2724. BLENNIUS CAROLINUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). D. XII, 18; A.17. Body rather long and slender, more elongate than in the European species, Blennius pholis, more compressed, the head longer; maxillary extending to opposite middle of eye; teeth {{, with strong canines on both jaws; gill membranes free from isthmus; no trace of tentacles above eye; dorsal spines slender, a little lower than the soft Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2379 rays, the fin little emarginate; dorsal and anal not joined to the caudal. Greenish, with 4 or 5 irregular dark spots or shades along the back; dorsal with a large black spot in front; anal brown-edged. South Caro- lina. Only the original type in the museum at Paris known; from this the present description was taken. No later collector has recognized the species and it may not be American. Pholis carolinus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss, XI, 276, 1836, Carolina. (Coll. M. Bosc.) Blennius carolinus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 760, 1883. 2725. BLENNIUS FUCORUM, Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 5 in total length. D.XI,17; A.18. Orbitial cirri nearly as long as head, bifid at tip, and fringed at the base. Dorsal fin slightly emar- ginate, free from the caudal, the spines rather stiff. Head very short and steep, its profile nearly vertical; 24 teeth in each jaw; each jaw with very strong canines; gill membranes free from the isthmus posteriorly. Olive green, becoming darker above, with numerous brown spots on the cheeks and sides of the body; below reddish; dorsal with a large black spot in front, behind which are smaller spots; spinous dorsal edged with paler. (Cuvier & Valenciennes.) Open ocean in floating Fucus; the type from near the Azores; recorded by De Kay from the open sea, off New York, in floating seaweed. (fucorwm, of the seaweed, Fucus.) Blennius fucorum, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 263, 1836, 240 miles south of the Azores (Coll. Claude Gay); GiiNnrHER, Cat., 111, 217, 1861; De Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 149, pl. 22, fig. 66,1842; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 710, 1883. Blennius oceanicus,* CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 265, 1836, open sea, 29° N., 50° W.; on a drawing by CLAUDE GAY. 2726. BLENNIUS STEARNSI, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 34 (43 in total); depth 4% (53); eye 44; snout 44. D.XI,18; A.II, 21. Body much elongate, compressed, tapering regularly behind; anterior profile moderately decurved; snout short and blunt; mouth large, oblique, the jaws even; maxillary reaching slightly beyond middle of orbit, 24 times in head; teeth in the front of the jaws only, occupying on each side a space equal to 4 length of maxillary; teeth 3), the lateral one on each side much enlarged and canine-like, rather short but strongly curved; canine in upper jaw equaling about $ diameter of pupil; interorbital space very narrow, not as wide as pupil; upper posterior rim of orbit with a long slender filament, forked at base, its length equaling distance from tip of snout to posterior rim of orbit; no filaments at the nape; gill mem- branes somewhat united to the isthmus in front, but forming a broad fold across it posteriorly, the gill openings of the two sides therefore continu- ous below. Dorsals rather high; no notch between the spines and soft portion, the membrane of last ray not reaching base of caudal; spines of * Very near Blennius fucorum, the protile more oblique, the cirri shorter, the spinous dorsal lower, the caudal more truncate; anal shorter. Color brown with brown spots on body and fins; sides clear green; belly silvery. Length 2inches. (Cuvier & Valenciennes.) 2380 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, nearly uniform height, all very slender and flexible, the tips almost fila- mentous; highest spine } length of head; highest soft ray 13 in head; anal lower than dorsal, its longest ray very slightly less than 4 length of head; length of caudal peduncle more than 4+ its height, about equaling the diameter of orbit; caudal about equaling péctoral, 14 in head; ven- trals long, the inner ray much the longest, 14 in head, not quite reaching vent. Color light greenish olive, somewhat mottled; sides with irregular dark bars formed of spots, these extending on the fin; skin everywhere finely punctate; dorsal dark olive, the spinous part darker at tip; anal blackish, with paler edge; ventrals dusky; pectorals and caudal olive. Gulf of Mexico, in deep water. Three specimens known, the largest 3 inches long, taken from the stomach of a Red Snapper, at Pensacola. (Named for Silas Stearns. ) Blennius stearnsi, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 300, Pensacola Snapper Banks. (Type, No. 29669, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Jordan & Stearns.) 2727. BLENNIUS FAYVOSUS, Goode & Bean. Head 3%; depth 43. D. XII, 18; A. II, 20. Body comparatively elon- gate and compressed; anterior profile moderately decurved; head nearly 4 longer than deep; snout very short and blunt; mouth large, horizontal; jaws even; maxillary reaching posterior margin of orbit, its length 2} in head. Each jaw with a long, curved, posterior canine; the canines of lower jaw largest. Preorbital } diameter of eye, which is 3} in head, and equals more than twice interorbital width. An extremely long and slen- der supraocular cirrus, trifid to the base, the longest branch nearly as long as the head; nonuchal cirri. Gill membranes forming a rather narrow fold across the isthmus. Dorsal low, continuous, the spines very slender and flexible, the longest }.as long as the head; the longest soft ray } as long as head; the last ray slightly joined to base of caudal; caudal ? as long as head; anal rather high; pectorals + as long as head; only the straight part of lateral line developed. Color faded, brownish, finely reticulated, a series of obscure bluish blotches along the sides; front and sides of head marked with very distinct blue, reticulating lines surrounding honey- comb-like hexagonal interspaces; top of head with many small blue spots; dorsal with black dots and streaks; a black spot bordered with whitish between the first and second dorsal spines; anal with oblique blue streaks, the fin margined with dusky, tips of rays whitish; base of pectorals with blue reticulations. The whole body was probably reticulated with blue in life. Gulf of Mexico. Known from 2 specimens collected at Garden Key, Florida, by Gustav Wiirdemann; they are 33 inches and 3 inches long, respectively. (favosus, honeycombed. ) Blennius favosus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 416,Garden Key, Florida (Type, No. 2629, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Gustav Wiirdemann); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 961, 1883. 2728. BLENNIUS PILICORNIS, Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 4% with caudal; depth 54. D. XII, 21 or 22; A. 23 or 24. Snout obtuse, the upper profile very oblique. A strong curved canine in each jaw. Orbital tentacle filiform, with several smaller ones at base. Inter- Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America, 2381 orbital space flat, its width 4 vertical diameter of eye; no groove or crest on the neck. Dorsal slightly notched, the spines flexible; caudal separate. Brown, dorsal and caudal spotted with darker. Length 5 to 6 inches. (Giinther.) Coast of Brazil north to the West Indies, recorded from Rio Janeiro, Bahia, and the Tortugas, and off the coast of Florida. Mr. Garman gives the following color note on Tortugas specimens, col- lected by Prof. C. C. Nutting: Small, hexagonal reticulations on cheeks, resembling scales; anal darker toward ends of rays, the tips white; dor- sal darker in outer half; basal part of dorsal and anal pale, sides with a few scattered black dots; median rays of caudal longer, the outer margin dark; caudal, pectorals, and ventrals paler than dorsal. (pilicornis, with downy horns.) Blennius pilicornis, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 254, 1836, Rio Janeiro (Coll. Delalande and Gay); CASTELNAU, Anim. Nouv., etc., Amer. Sud, 25, 1855; Gar- MAN, Bull. Iowa Lab. Nat. Sci. 1896, 89. Blennius jilicornis, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 216, 1861. (Coll. M. Parzudaki.) 2729. BLENNIUS MARMOREUS, Poey. Head 44 in total length with caudal; depth 5. D. XII, 20; A. 16; P. 13. Eye very high, near the profile, twice length of snout. Snout round, falling off abruptly, but less so than in Blennius truncatus; posterior nos- - trils with a distinct tube; superciliary tentacle divided into 3 branches; no cilia at the nape. Teeth undescribed. Gill membranes not described. Pectoral and caudal round; dorsal low, the median spines highest, the soft rays a little higher, the difference slight. Color yellowish brown, darker medially, paler below; under the lens covered with small dots; fins below yellowish. This species differs from Scartella microstoma in the stout trunk, the more blunt head, the cilia on the head and in the tube of the nostril. Cuba; 1 specimen 2 inches long. (Poey); not seen by us; perhaps not a Blennius as here understood. (marmoreus, marbled.) Blennius marmoreus, PoEY, Enumeratio, 130, 1875, Cuba. (Coll. Rafael Arango.) 2730. BLENNIUS TRUNCATUS (Poey). Head 54 in total length with caudal; depth 5}. D. XII, 19; A. I, 20. Eyes placed very high, profile before them vertical, suggesting the fore- head of a bull without horns; mouth small, maxillary reaching below pos- terior border of eye; anterior nostril divided into 5 at tip; 2 filiform tentacles with a common base on each side of nape; a simple tentacle behind eye; some pores on the head, which is compressed; teeth unde- seribed; gillmembranes undescribed; gill membranes united and free from isthmus; dorsal notched medially; caudal truncate, with 2 faint angles; lateral line long, reaching beyond the point of the pectorals. Color olive, with some bright spots on trunk; the vertical fins darker. Cuba; 1 specimen 3} inches long. (Poey); not seen by us; perhaps not a species of Blennius. (truncatus, cut off short.) Blennius truncatus, Porky, Memorias, 1, 424, 1861, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 2382 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2731. BLENNIUS VINCTUS, Poey. Head 34 to base of caudal; depth 4. D. XII, 13; A. I, 8; V. 3. Eye high, 4 in head, as long as snout. Anterior nostril in a short tube. Jaws equal; 4 pores on the side of the lower jaw; 1 on the opercle; 4 on the suborbital; 4 below eye. = =~ - sss == sae) se ee ieee ae 2 Hrontiof, candalopititobip ol caudal s-neeee nese eee ae eee ee nee eee ere 132 Tip of ‘snout: to‘axil of pectoral. 222-2 cc2.5- sss. oo sce eee cease eee eee 15 Asxillof pectoral'to front of base of ventralss eos ese sae lee a= eleeelnies eee 113 Krontof wentralsitomron boty analleepeemeer aes baer eee eae ae ee ee ee eee 63 Hrontot-anal to fronton Caudal pltee> saseeseee ene te see sees ae serene eerie 45 Girth\at front of first dorsalis. occas eens ee aoe ee semrels ce steisceisnieieseeele 173 Distinguished from other known sharks of the Pacific coast of America by the excessively long, slender, acute snout, the slender body, and the very long caudal fin. Panama; only the type known. (velox, swift.) Carcharhinus velox, GILBERT, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. (Type, No. 11893, L.S.Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) Page 42. Scoliodon longurio has the teeth serrulate at base only. The base of the first dorsal is 2? in the interspace between the dorsals. Page 44. Sphyrna tiburo occur also in the Pacific. We have recently secured specimens at Mazatlan, where 8S. tudes and S. zygwna are also found. Page 47. Carcharias litioralis reaches a length of 8 feet Tinches. (Spec- imens from Beaufort, North Carolina. Coll. H. H. Brimley.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2749 Page 49. Lamna cornubica, the salmon shark, is abundant and destruc- tive to salmon on the coasts of southern Alaska, especially about Kadiak, where it was seen by us. Page 53. Under Squalide, read ovoviviparous for ‘‘oviparous.” Page 54. Squalus sucklii has been but once recorded from Bering Sea. (Bering Island. Coll. Dr. L. Stejneger.) It is very abundant at Kadiak. Page 60. Pristis perrotteti is not authentically known except from the rivers of Africa. Our west coast species is doubtless distinct and should stand as Pristis zephyreus. Pristis pectinatus occurs northward at least to Beaufort, North Carolina. (Specimen 124 feet long. Coll. H. H. Brimley.) Page 61. After the synonymy of Pristis pectinatus insert: 80(a). PRISTIS ZEPHYREUS, Jordan & Starks. (PEZ DE ESPADA.) Snout to nostrils, 5 in length to base of caudal; breadth of saw at anterior end between first 2 pairs of teeth } breadth of its base behind the last pairs; teeth on saw trenchant behind, arranged in 22 pairs; hinder teeth wide apart, the interspaces 5 times their base; posterior teeth turned slightly backward, a groove on their posterior edge; front teeth not quite } as long as the saw is broad at their base; distance between first and second tooth 8 times base of first. (Other specimens examined for us by Dr. G. W. Rogers show 18 to 21 pairs of teeth.) Eye equal to spiracle, contained 3 times in base of saw just behind last pair of teeth; width of mouth a little greater than base of saw; mouth with about 65 series of blunt teeth; slant height of pectoral in front a little more than half distance from tip of snout to mouth. Dorsals subequal; first dorsal inserted in advance of ventrals, about } its base over ventrals; caudal with a lower lobe, which is equal to slant height of pectoral; tail with a keel on side. Color plain olive gray above, light below. Measurements: Length 59 inches; caudal 7 inches; pectoral 7 inches; dorsal front 5} inches; snout without nostril 11 inches. Type: A skin in L. S. Jr. Univ. Museum. Common in brackish waters at the mouth of the Rio Presidio, where 1 fine specimen was obtained. The species is also recorded (as Pristis perrotteti) by Dr. Gilbert from Mazatlan, and by Dr. Giinther from Chiapas. Dr. Giinther identifies this species with Pristis perrotteti described by Miiller & Henle, from the Senegal River. In view of the great difter- ence in the fauna of the Gulf of California from that of equatorial Africa this identification may be questioned, especially as there are several details in which the description of P. perrotteti differs from our specimen. Pristis zephyreus, JORDAN & STARKS, Fishes of Sinaloa, 383, 1895, Mazatlan, Mexico. (Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Sinaloa.) 2750 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Page 62. After Rhinobatus lentiginosus, add: Sl(a). RHINOBATUS STELLIO, Jordan & Rutter. snout to dorsal, and equal to distance from snout to a line connecting points of greatest width. Sides of disk straight, tip of snout rounded, pos- terior point of pectoral more broadly rounded than snout. Length of snout equal to, or a little less than, $ greatest width of disk, equal to dis- tance between outer points of anterior gill openings; interorbital width 4 to 42 in snout, a little less than length of eye and spiracle, but about equal to length of nostril; internasal width equal to orbit; spiracle 4 length of eye, a prominent curved papilla and a slight ridge in its poste- rior side. Anterior nasal valve with a long slender flap extending across the nostril; 3 broad flaps on posterior side. Rostral ridges separate for their entire length, width between them at base equal to width of spiracle. Mouth nearly straight, its width 2% in its distance from snout and equal to distance between inner folds on posterior side of spiracle. Eye 44 to 5+ in snout. Width of body at axil of pectorals 1} in snout. Dorsal fins about equal in size and shape, the distance between them 24 times base of first, the distance between the origins of the two fins equal to snout and about equal to distance from axil of pectoral to origin of first dorsal. Sides of tail with a conspicuous fold. Skin above with a fine uniform shagreen, nearly smooth below except near margins of the disk. A series of very small spines above eye and spiracle, 1 or 2 minute spines on shoulder girdle; the largest spines of body situated along median line of back, extending beyond first dorsal; no spine on snout, but in 2 of the 3 specimens there is a pair of minute spineless plates near its tip. Color dusky brown above, about 7 faint dusky bars on the side of the tail behind first dorsal; uniform pale below; large translucent areas on each side of the snout; back with numerous small light spots, much smaller than pupil, arranged symmetrically but not in the same pattern on the 3 type specimens; 2 or 3 pairs between eyes, a few pairs behind eyes near median line, some below eye, where they approach nearest the margin of disk, usually 1 or 2 on median line, sometimes 2 are confluent, about 40 or 45 pairs in all; axil of pectoral in 1 specimen with a dusky blotch on upper side. This species is most nearly related to Ihinobatus glaucostigma of the Pacific coast, differing in having a narrow interorbital, narrower body behind disk, and in the very different color. The description is based on 3 specimens, each about 20 inches. Jamaica. (stellio, the starry one.) Disk triangular, its greatest width a little less than + the distance from Rhinobatus stellio, JORDAN & RutrrER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1897, 91, Kingston, Jamaica. (Type, No. 11851, L.S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Joseph Seed Roberts.) Page 66. To the synonymy of Raja add: Cephaleutherus, Rafinesque, Indice, 61, 1810 (maculatus). The genus Cephaleutherus, Rafinesque, was, as Dr. Gill has shown (in lit.), probably based on a monstrous example of the genus Raja, in which the pectoral fins were not developed on the snout. It should be trans- ferred to the synonymy of Raja, leaving Myliobatis as the generic name of the Eagle Rays. Tordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2451 Page 74. After Raja equatorialis add: 104(a). RAJA ROSISPINIS, Gill & Townsend. Snout moderately produced, with a soft, moderately narrow, rostral car- tilage and a bluntish tip; interorbital space nearly plane; snout with a number of plates having stellate bases about middle, and many smaller asperities, leaving only the borders of the pectorals and ventrals naked; larger spines with stellate bases are interspersed between the disk and the pectoral rays; back with sparse, coarse prickles; a row of about 26 thorn- like spines, with radiating ridges, extends from the interhumeral area to the dorsal fins; 2 spines on each shoulder, 1 spine above antocular region, another above postocular region, and another behind it about 4 the dis- tance; skeleton soft. Bering Sea; only the type known. (roseus, rosy ; spinus, spine. ) Raia rosispinis, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 231, Bering Sea. (Type, No. 48762, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) Raia obtusa,* GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 231, Bering Sea. (Type, No. 48763, U. S. Nat.Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 104(b). RAJA INTERRUPTA, Gill & Townsend. Snout moderately produced, with a very soft attenuated rostral carti- lage and a blunt tip; interorbital space concave ; mouth small; the width equal to 4 preoral area; entire back covered with very small embedded spines, extending nearly uniformly over the disk and snout, leaving only the tip of the latter naked; a row of compressed, acutely curved, smooth spines along middle of back, extending from the interhumeral region to dorsal, but interrupted along the posterior half of disk, where the spines are absent or obsolete; about 4 spines are in the anterior portion and the series recommences on a line with the emargination of the disk; a single spine on each shoulder and occasionally a rudimentary second; no special- ized supraorbital spines. Bering Sea; only the type known. (interrup- tus, interrupted. ) Raia interrupta, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232, Bering Sea. (Type, No. 48760, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) Page 75. Maja aleutica and Raja abyssicola were described by Gilbert (not Gilbert & Thoburn) in Rept. U.S. Fish. Comm. 1893 (Dec. 9, 1896), 396 and 397, pls. 20 and 21. * The following is the original description of this nominal species : Snout not at all produced, but very bluntly rounded; interorbital space narrow; mouth small, rectilinear; minute distant prickles on the snout, the anterior portion of disk and interorbital area, as well as in a broad median band extending on tail to dorsal and com- mencing at the interhumeral area; a row of scarcely enlarged acute spines above the eye; an uninterrupted row of unguiform spines with smooth bases extending from the inter- humeral area to dorsal fin; 2 similar spines arm each shoulder. Bering Sea; only the type known. (Gill and Townsend.) To which we add: Spines in longitudinal series 23 to 25; width of mouth 12 in preoral area; width of disk 13 times its length; tail a little longer than disk: interorbital width 3 in snout; snout from eye 35 in disk to end of base of ven- trals. Color plain brown, rather pale. One specimen 11 inches long, a very young male in very bad condition. Evidently the young of R. rosispinis. 2752 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Page 78. After Narcine brasiliensis insert: 112(a). NARCINE ENTEMEDOR, Jordan & Starks. (ENTEMEDOR.) Snout 33 in length of disk; preocular part of snout equals preoral; interocular space in snout 14; width of mouth 24. Eye much smaller than spiracle; spiracles edged with small tubercles. Length of disk equal to its width; disk equal to length of tail, without caudal fin; tail with a loose fold of skin on each side. First and second dorsals equal, rounded behind; ventrals large, ending midway between posterior edge of disk and caudal fin. Color pale olive brown, a little clouded with darker; second dorsal edged with pale; dots on head dusky. Two speci- mens taken in the estuary at Mazatlan, and a third procured by Mr. James A. Richardson in the harbor of La Paz. Specimens had also been obtained by Dr. Gilbert, at Panama, in 1883, but having been destroyed by fire, the species has remained undescribed until recently. Length of largest speci- men 20 inches. (The Spanish name Entemedor seems to be equivalent to Intimidator. ) Narecine entemedor, JORDAN & STARKS, Fishes of Sinaloa, 386, 1895, Mazatlan, Mexico. (Type, No. 1699, L.S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Sinaloa.) Page 81. After Urolophus nebulosus add: 116(a). UROLOPHUS UMBRIFER, Jordan & Starks. Disk round, not wider than long, its length greater than tail; snout pointed, not exserted. Snout from eye 44 in disk; eyes equal to spiracles ; mouth 2 in distance to tip of snout; caudal spine inserted in front of mid- dle of tail; skin perfectly smooth. Color brown above, with blackish cross shades or bars, radiating from the shoulder; a dark band behind eyes, and 1 from eyes; caudal fin dark. Mazatlan. One adult female specimen, the uterus containing 4 young. Occasionally taken with Urolophus mundus, but much lesscommon. This is probably not identical with Garman’s Urolophus nebulosus, being perfectly smooth and different in color. (wmbra, shade; fero, I bear.) Urolophus umbrifer, JORDAN & STARKS, Fishes of Sinaloa, 389, 1895, Mazatlan, Mexico. (Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Sinaloa.) Page 82. Urolophus asterias, Jordan & Gilbert, is identical with Urolo- phus mundus (Gill), as is shown by specimens recently collected by D.. Gilbert at Panama. 120(a). UROLOPHUS ROGERSI, Jordan & Starks. Disk broader than long by a distance 24 times the interorbital width; anterior margins of disk nearly straight, the tip of snout projecting; snout from eye 3} in length of disk; cye little smaller than spiracles; width of mouth 2} times in preoral part of snout; caudal spine inserted in front of middle of tail; skin with minute prickles on margin of pectorals and on middle of back, leaving smooth areas near middle of pectorals and Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2753 over branchial arches; 16 to 20 large spinules along median line of back and tail. Color plain brown; caudal fin darker, edged with white. This species differs from Urolophus asterias in having a wider disk, more acute snout, much smaller prickles, and fewer spinules on back and tail. Mazatlan. Three specimens obtained in the Astillero, the longest 18 inches in entire length. (This species is named for Dr. George Warren Rogers, a scholarly physician, native of Vermont, but long resident in Mazatlan.) Urolophus rogersi, JORDAN & SrarKs, Fishes of Sinaloa, 388, 1895, Mazatlan, Mexico. (Type, No. 1700, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Sinaloa.) Page 88. In the key at top of page for Rhinopterine read Myliobatinw. 132. AETOBATUS LATICEPS (Gill). This species is probably not different from A. narinari and may be omitted. We find no differences between specimens from Mazatlan and the West Indies. The following description is based upon Mazatlan speci- mens: Length of disc 1} in width; proximal } of anterior margin of pec- toral fins straight, distal 3 convex; posterior margin concave, the end of each ray forming a small scallop; lateral angle sharp. Snout forming an angle, from its tip to division of nasal lobes, 14 times breadth of head ; width of snout 11 times distance from its tip to the division of nasal lobes ; nasal lobes projecting back over the mouth; width of mouth 15 its dis- tance to tip of snout; numerous blunt buccal papille around upper den- tal plate and on ridge between nostrils; interorbital 4% in disk; eyes smaller than spiracles, which are as long as base of dorsal. Ventrals well rounded, 3; in length of disk; tail 31 times disk. First caudal spine equals base of dorsal, which is } second spine. Color bluish black with many round yellowish spots scattered equally over the back and ventral fins; spots about as large as eye on back, smaller on head, some- times two spots run together forming an elliptical spot, about 16 spots from eye along anterior margin of pectoral to lateral angle; posterior margin of pectoral very narrowly margined with white; ventral side pearly white. From the description of Actobatus laticeps this species differs in the following respects: Disk not so broad; tail not so long; width of head and snout less; ventrals not truncated behind; pectorals not margined with blackish ; spots on ventrals not assuming the form of ocelli. (Jordan.) Page 87. For the description of Pteroplatea crebripunctata in text sub- stitute the following: Width of disk twice length to posterior end of anal slit; snout forming a regular curve from a little in front of middle of pectorals, a very small blunt projection at tip; anterior margin of disk convex near snout and lateral angles, pectorals concave medially ; posterior margin weakly con- vex; posterior angle broadly rounded; lateral angle sharply rounded ; distance from snout to a line drawn through lateral angles, 24 times in distance to tip of tail. Interorbital a little wider than its distance to tip of snout; eyes twice spiracles; mouth equals snout, 6} in disk. ‘Tail rat- 2754 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. like, with a scarcely perceptible fold of skin on its dorsal side. Ground color olive brown, everywhere with small dark points, not so close set as in Pteroplatea rava, indistinct grayish spots, $ as large as iris, scattered over the body among the dark points, these spots more distinct on anterior edge of disk; tail mottled with darker; lower parts light. Markings nowhere so distinct as in P. rava. Very common on sandy shores everywhere about Mazatlan, from which locality it was originally described; also taken by Dr. Gilbert. Page 87. After Pteroplatea marmorata add: 130(a). PTEROPLATEA RAYA, Jordan & Starks. (MANTARAIA COLORADA.) Length of disk 1} width; snout forming an angle which is almost a right angle; pectorals slightly concave medially; posterior margin of disk weakly convex; posterior angle not broadly rounded, but curved in somewhat suddenly; lateral angles acute. A line drawn through lateral angles would bisect a line from snout to tip of tail. Interorbital 14 in snout; eye 14 in spiracles; mouth 7 in disk, 14 in snout; tail straight and slender, with a very slight fold on dorsal side. Ground color light olive brown, thickly set with sharp-cut black points; conspicuous gray or white spots, } as large as iris, scattered over the body, around which the black spets form rings; brighter yellowish spots and half-spots around anterior edge of disk; tail mottled above with darker; lower parts chiefly light orange red or rust-colored in life. All the markings are very distinct and clear cut, the reddish of the belly conspicuous. Mazatlan. One speci- men 12 inches long. (ravus, reddish. ) Pteroplatea rava, JORDAN & STARKS, Fishes of Sinaloa, 390, 1895, Mazatlan, Mexico. (Lype, No. 1587, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Sinaloa.) Page 90. After Myliobatis californicus add: 184(a). MYLIOBATIS ASPERRIMUS, Gilbert, new species. Upper surface of head and body, excepting the snout, an area on outer side of spiracle, the pectoral margin and its posterior angle, and the ven- tral fins thickly covered with minute, usually stellate prickles, of uniform size, most numerous On median portions of head and back; those on basal 4 or 3 of pectoral least crowded and arranged in definite longitudinal series, corresponding with the muscle bands; tail very rough throughout, covered with similar stellate prickles and also crossed by numerous narrow grooves, or indented lines, mostly convex forward, somewhat irregular in position and direction, and not corresponding on the two sides. In the type they follow at an average interval of about 10 mm. Lower side of disk mostly smooth, with some prickles on the basal part of pectorals anteriorly, arranged in lengthwise series, and other patches on lower side of head, belly, and base of ventrals. Color dusky brown above, the anterior portion of pectorals with 8 to 10 narrow transverse bars of bluish Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2755 white, most of which break up into series of spots toward outer margin of disk, the posterior ones also breaking up toward middle line; the bars and spots fainter anteriorly, becoming whiter and more intense posteriorly ; toward outer angles of disk the bars sometimes separated by intermediate series of light round spots, the bars usually failing to meet across the back; posterior portion of disk including base of tail and upper surface of ventrals covered with round white spots not much larger than pupil, some of those immediately succeeding the bars showing a transverse serial arrangement; top of head with one or more pairs of indistinct light spots; margin of snout and of pectorals blackish; spiracular border black; dor- sal with a black blotch posteriorly; underside of head and disk bright white; proximal portion of tail blackish above, lighter below, the entire tail becoming black more posteriorly. Dimensions of type specimen. Millimeters. Heng LHyOte asks tO MON Ole ANU Sea ee eee eae os oe am sin oimeicciaie's quis aslewcaeelsaneneme 272 Length of disk to posterior. edge of pectorals -..........-.----.-22-----seceee ee nene 338 Wad thhotediskeasrscseeneete tenet erase ene ee easements ottoc sade esac taecetueeees 345 Mena cheotecalln( NOt: PeLLeGh) mer acess eee sees seiecicistis sis'oie sc omsce oseeeceese ceed one 1, 215 Greater widthrof head atorigin of pectorals: =. --)-s=2- 25222. -- sss in head, not quite reaching vent. Mouth as in C. latipinnis except that the posterior tubercles on lower lip are long and not nearly so closely set, there being 9 or 10 rows; jaws with a slight cartilaginous pellicle. Upper portion of the Colorado River basin. Attains the length of a foot or more. The above description by Gilbert & Scofield from spe- cimens from Green River at Green River Station, Wyoming. Catostomus discobolus, Cope, Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Wyo., 435, 1870, Green River, Wyo- ming; GILBERT & SCOFIELD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1898, 490. Page 175. After Calostomus griseus add: 280(a). CATOSTOMUS RETROPINNIS, Jordan. A doubtful species which is, however, not yet shown to be invalid. Head 43; depth 5}; eye 63 in head; snout 2; interorbital 24. D.11; A. 7; seales 17-108-14. Body slender, head slender, snout very long, caudal peduncle long, its least depth less than snout, 24 in head; dorsal profile very little elevated; mouth large, wholly inferior, overhung by the pig- like projecting snout; lips thin but very broad, lower lip incised nearly to base, with about 6 rows of moderate papille; lobes of lower lip very long, about 4 of snout; gill rakers short and weak. Origin of dorsal a little nearer base of caudal than tip of snout; base of dorsal equal to snout; longest dorsal ray a little greater than base of fin; anal fin long and pointed, the fourth ray longest, 1;';in head; caudal lunate, the middle ray 1} in outer rays; pectoral somewhat falcate, the longest 14 in head; ventrals rather short, not reaching vent by more than an eye’s diameter. Length 14 inches. Catostomus retropinnis, JORDAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., xu, 178, 1878, Milk River, Montana. (Type, No. 21197. Coll. Dr. Elliott Coues.) 2792 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Page 176. After Catostomus catostomus add: 282(a). CATOSTOMUS RIMICULUS, Gilbert & Snyder. Head 4} in body; depth 5; depth of caudal peduncle 2% in head; eye 74; dorsal rays 11; scales 18-91-13, before dorsal 42, D. 11; A. 7; pectoral 17. Head as deep as wide. Both lips full, the lobe of lower lip broadly rounded behind, the cleft not nearly reaching base of lip, the portion between mandible and apex of cleft with 4 series of tubercles; tuber- cles coarse and blunt, becoming reduced in size toward margins of lips, but less so than in related species; upper lip with 5 rows of tubercles. Eyes very small, the front of the eye nearly midway of head; interorbital space convex, 24 in head. Scales comparatively smooth, gradually grow- ing smaller posteriorly. Dorsal fin inserted midway between end of snout and base of caudal, first ray preceded by 2 short, simple ones; last ray divided to base; length of base of fin equal to the height, which is con- tained 64 times in the body; height of anal twice the length of the base, 5 in body; length of pectorals 43 in body; ventrals 64 in body; caudal 44. Color above dusky, the central parts of scales lighter; under parts white; dorsal and caudal fins dusky, others white. This species belongs to the C. catostomus type, with very small scales, and is most nearly related to C. tahoensis. From the latter it differs in the smaller eye, less deeply cleft lower lip, blunter labial tubercles, larger scales, and the much smaller fontanel, which is reduced in adults to a very narrow linear slit, or more commonly entirely obsolete. Lower portion of the Klamath River basin, northern California. (Diminutive of rimus, crevice, from the small fon- tanel. ) Catostomus rimiculus, GILBERT & SNYDER, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 3, Trinity River, Humboldt County, California. (Type, No. 5654, L. S. Jr. Univ, Mus. Coll. Capt. W. E. Dougherty.) Page 177. Catostomus rex is identical with Deltistes lucatus and should be added to the synonymy of that species, p. 183. The type of Catostomus labiatus did not come from Klamath Lake, but from the Sacramento River, at Stockton, California. It is identical with C. occidentalis. The species from Klamath Lake has been recently described as 285. CATOSTOMUS SNYDERI, Gilbert. Head 44 in length; snout 2,4, in head, equaling interorbital width; eye 5%, D.11; A. 7; scales 13 or 14-69 to 77-10 or 11. Mouth very small, the width between angles but } length of snout in our largest specimen; greatest width of lobe of lower lip } diameter of eye; lower lip deeply incised, with 1 or 2 papillee between symphysis and base of cleft; upper lip narrow, with 5 or 6 papille in a cross series, the uppermost becoming very small; basal portion of the lower lip with coarse tubercles, those toward posterior margin becoming very fine and arranged in evident series separated by grooves. Mucous canals on head forming conspicuous raised ridges with prominent pores, the system much more conspicuously developed than in any related species. Origin of dorsal fin constantly Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2793 nearer snout than base of caudal; the dorsal fin short, its base not exceed- ing the height of the longest ray, usually less. In our specimens the pec- torals reach scarcely % distance to ventrals and the ventrals scarcely % distance to vent; the anal may extend beyond base of rudimentary caudal rays. Scales strongly ridged, their margins crenate; the anterior seales are smaller, but do not appear greatly crowded; the average number of tubes in the lateral line is about 73, the number varying from 69 to 77. Dusky, the lower part of sides with coarse black specks, the under parts white; fins all dusky. (Gilbert.) A larger specimen has been described as follows: Head 4!; depth 4; eye 6) in head; snout 24; maxillary 3}; mandible 2!; interorbital 21; width of mouth 3} in head, more than 4 length of snout; greatest width of lower lip } diameter of eye. D. II, 11; A. 7; scales 13-70-11. Body rather slender; head long, mouth moderate, horizontal; lips thick papil- lose, the upper with about 4 or 5 rows of papillic, lower with about 7; lower lip divided nearly to base, leaving only 1 row of papillie crossing the symphysis; premaxillary not much projecting and not forming a prominent hump; maxillary rather short, not reaching vertical at front of anterior nostril; eye equally distant between snout and posterior edge of opercle; mucous canals on head forming raised ridges, the pores conspicu- ous. Fins moderate; origin of dorsal a little nearer snout than base of caudal, sixth spine over insertion of ventrals; pectoral 1} in head, reach- ing slightly more than } distance to ventrals; ventrals not quite reaching vent, the seventh ray longest, 13 in head; anal long, pointed, reaching to base of caudal, 1} in head. Seales crowded anteriorly, about 32 trans- verse rows in front of dorsal, strongly ridged, the margins crenate. (Evermann & Meek.) Length 1 to 2 feet. Klamath Lakes, Oregon; specimens examined from Upper Klamath Lake, Lost River, and William- son River. (Named for Mr. John O. Snyder, instructor in Zoology in Stanford University.) Oatostomus snydert, GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898) 3, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon (Type, No. 48222. Coll. Gilbert, Cramer & Otaki); EVERMANN & MEEK, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1887, 69. Page 178. After Catostomus occidentalis add: 286(a). CASTOSTOMUS TSILTCOOSENSIS, Evermann & Meek. Head 44; depth 5; eye 64 in head; snout 2. D. 13; A. 7; scales 13-65-8, 34 before the dorsal. Pectoral 1} in head; longest dorsal ray 12; base of dorsal 13; longest anal ray 14; ventral 13. Body rather slender, subterete; head small, snout long and pointed; mouth inferior, overhung by the pro- jecting snout; lips rather thin, 1 row of large papillie on upper lip, and about 2 irregular rows of smaller ones behind or inside of it; lower lip incised nearly to base, 1 or 2 rows of small papillw across the isthmus; lobes of lower lip moderately long and thin, the bases with papille merging into plications toward the tips. Eye quite small, the anterior edge of orbit at middle of head. Top of head flat or very slightly convex between theeyes. Fins small; pectorals short and rounded ; ventrals short, rounded, 3030——98 2794 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. the middle rays but little longer than the others; anal small, somewhat pointed; margin of dorsal somewhat concave; caudal lunate, not deeply forked. Muciferous canals on head not strongly developed. Scales mod- erately large; lateral line nearly straight, not running upward toward nape. This species differs from C. occidentalis, to which it is related, in the smaller head, longer, more pointed snout, smaller eye, larger scales, and its much smaller fins. In C. occidentalis the pectoral fins are falcate, while in this species they are more rounded; the ventrals also are less pointed. Length a foot or less. Coastai streams of middle western Ore- gon; known from Tsiltcoos Lake and the Siuslaw River. (tsiltcoosensis, from the type locality. ) Catostomus tsilteoosensis, EVERMANN & MEEK, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 68, fig. 1, Tsiltcoos Lake, Lane County, Oregon. (Type, No. 48479. Coll. Dr. Seth EK. Meek.) Page 180. The species called Catostomus fecundus in the text belongs in the genus Chasmistes, to which it should be transferred as Chasmistes fecundus (Cope & Yarrow). Page 182. The species of Chasmistes are not confined to the Great Basin. One species (C. brevirostris) occurs in the Klamath Lakes basin. Page 183. The species called Chasmistes luxatus in the text belongs to a genus distinct from Chasmistes, which may be characterized as follows: 93(a). DELTISTES, Seale. Deltistes, SEALE, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. VI, 1896, 269 (luxatus). This genius is close to Chasmistes, agreeing with it in every respect except in the peculiar structure of the gill rakers. In Chasmistes they are as in Catostomus, while in Deltistes they are broad, shaped like the Greek letter 4 (delta), and their edges are unarmed and entire. Lower pharyn- geals weak, with numerous small teeth. Deltistes luxatus (Cope) is the single known species. (déAra, the Greek letter corresponding to D.) After Chasmistes cujus add: 297(a). CHASMISTES STOMIAS, Gilbert. Head 44; depth 41; eye 7; snout 2+; maxillary (measured from free end to tip of snout) 34; mandible 24. D. II, 11; A. 1,7; scales 13-85-10; inter- orbital width 2}; vertical depth of head at mandibular articulation 2}. Head small, body heavy forward, the back strongly and regularly arched from snout to origin of dorsal fin, thence declined in a nearly straight line to base of caudal; ventral surface nearly straight. Premaxillary spines strongly protruding, forming a prominently projecting snout; mouth rather small, inclined upward at an angle of about 40°, maxillary scarcely reaching vertical from front of anterior nostril; width of mouth 12 in snout or 4? in head; upper lip thin, without papille; lower lip thin, interrupted at symphysis, forming narrow lateral lobes, the width of which is about 22 times in their length; faint indications of a few papille; mucous canals forming ridges, the pores conspicuous; gill rakers long, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2795 narrowly triangular at the tip when viewed from behind, densely tufted on the anterior edge; fontanel narrow, its length 2? in the snout, its width about + itslength. Fins all large; the origin of the dorsal a little nearer tip of snout than base of caudal, the sixth ray over base of ventral, its base 1? in head, the free edge nearly straight, the last ray 12 in the first, which is 1} in head; pectorals scarcely falcate, reaching a little more than 3 distance to base of ventrals, their length 1} in head; ventrals long, reaching vent, the rays gradually increasing in length from the outer to the seventh and eighth, which are longest, the ninth and tenth being but slightly shorter, the length of the longest ray 12 in head or about +} longer than the first; anal long and pointed, the fourth ray longest, reaching base of caudal, 1§ in head; each ray of anal fin with 8 to 12 strong tubercles; caudal lobes about equal, their length 1% times the middle ray. Length a foot or more. Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, where it is abundant and of some importance as a food-fish. The Klamath Indian name is K-ahp-tu. (@ropuzas, large-mouthed. ) Chasmistes stomias, GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 5, with plate, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon (Type, No. 48223. Coll. Gilbert, Cramer & Otaki); EvrEr- MANN & MEEK, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897, 70. 297(b). CHASMISTES COPEI, Evermann & Meek. Head 33; depth 4; eye 64; snout 2}; maxillary (measured from free end to tip of snout) 3; mandible2?. D. II, 10; A. I, 7; scales 13-80-12; inter- orbital width 24+; vertical depth of head at mandibular articulation 2!. Head large, cheek very deep, the depth equal to distance from tip of snout to nostril; body stout, back scarcely elevated, caudal peduncle rather short and stout; ventral surface somewhat convex. Premaxillary spines less protruding than in C. stomias, not forming a prominent hump; mouth large, inclined upward at an angle of 45°, maxillary not nearly reaching vertical at front of anterior nostril; width of mouth 14 in snout, or 4 in head; upper lip thin, without papille; lower lip thin, entirely without papill, interrupted at symphysis, forming rather broad lateral lobes; pores on head very conspicuous; gill rakers larger than in C. slomias, broadly triangular at tip when viewed from behind, densely tufted on anterior edge, each appendage more or less bifid and elub- shaped, closely resembling those of C. liorus; fontanel narrow, its length 24 in snout, width + its length. Fins all small; origin of dorsal a little nearer snout than base of caudal, its sixth ray over base of ventrals, free edge straight, base 24 in head, last ray a little less than 2 in first, which is 2 in head; pectorals somewhat faleate, reaching slightly more than } distance to ventrals, their length 12 in head; ventrals very short, reaching only 3 distance to vent, free end nearly straight; outer ray lon- gest, 2? in head; inner shortest, 3} in head; anal fin short, bluntly pointed, not reaching base of caudal, third and fourth rays longest, 1{ in head; no tubercles on anal rays; caudal lobes equal, length about 1{ times the middle ray. Scales small and crowded anteriorly, about 14 rows down- ward and backward from front of dorsal to lateral line, 11 vertically upward from base of ventral to lateral line, about 38 oblique series before 2796 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. dorsal; lateral line nearly straight, with about 80 scales. Entire upper parts of head and body, and sides nearly to level of base of pectorals, dark olivaceous; under parts abruptly whitish or yellowish in alcohol; a dark spot in upper part of axil; dorsal and caudal dark; pectorals dark on inner surface; ventrals and anal plain. From Chasmistes stomias this species is readily distinguished by its larger head, larger, more oblique mouth, less prominent snout, and very small fins. The differences in the fins are very great, particularly in the ventrals. It differs from C. brevi- rostris, as characterized by Dr. Gilbert, in its much larger, more oblique mouth, the absence of papille on the lips, and shorter fins. Length 2 feet. Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, Klamath Indian name “Tswam.” (Named for the late Prof. Edward Drinker Cope, who wrote the first paper on the fishes of Upper Klamath Lake. ) Ohasmistes copei, EVERMANN & MEEK, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 70, fig. 3, Pelican Bay, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. (Type, No. 48224. Coll. Meek & Alexander.) Page 205. Cumpostoma pricei can not be distinguished by us from C. ornatum. See Rutter, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. v1, 1896, 259. Page 211. After Algansea tincella add: 337(a). ALGANSEA TARASCORUM, Steindachner. Head 32; depth 42; eye less than 5; snout about 4; interorbital 3. D. Ill, 7; A. Ill, 6; P.17; V.9; scales 84 or 85, 18 or 19. Body stouter than in A. lacustris, head shorter, lateral line more decurved and nearer ventral line at middle of body, and scales more numerous. Mouth very oblique, lower jaw not projecting, maxillary not quite reaching vertical at anterior edge of eye. Teeth 4-4, hooked, and with narrow grinding surface. Origin of dorsal in advance of ventrals, equally distant between base of caudal and middle of eye; height of dorsal twice its base. Ventrals not reaching anal fin by an eye’s diameter; caudal deeply notched. A dark gray longitudinal band with metallic luster extending from opercle to caudal fin, lying chiefly above lateral line; color otherwise plain. Length 5t inches. Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. (Steindachner.) Algansea tarascorwm, STEINDACHNER, Einige Fischarten Mex., 1, pl. 3, figs. 2-2c, 1895, Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess Theresa von Bayern.) - Page 218. To the synonymy of Pimephales notatus add: Spinicephalus jibulatus, Le SUEUR, in VAILLANT, Bull. Soc. Philom., vit, 1896, 29, pl. 26. Page 225. After Ptychocheilus oregonensis add: 358. PTYCHOCHEILUS GRANDIS (Ayres). (SACRAMENTO PIKE.) This species differs from P. oregonensis principaliy in the larger size of the scales above the lateral line, the smaller number of rays in the dorsal fin, and the lighter and slenderer pharyngeal bones. Head 3} to 3} in length; depth 5 to 5;); eye 33 to 4 in head; scales 13 to 16 above lateral Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2797 line, 70 to 80 transverse rows along lateral line (16 to 18 above lateral line, 69 to 72 transverse rows in P. oregonensis). D.8; A. 8. In other respects similar to P. oregonensis. Ptychocheilus harfordi is apparently not distinct from P. grandis, being based on a specimen with very small scales. P. grandis is confined to waters of California, P. oregonensis to Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. Gila grandis, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1854, 18, San Francisco. Ptychocheilus major, AGASSIz, Am. Jour. Sci. Arts 1855, 229, San Francisco. Ptychocheilus harfordi, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 72, Sacramento River (Type, No. 27246. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 226 1883. Page 239. After Leuciscus balteatus add: 376(a). LEUCISCUS SIUSLAWI, Evermann & Meek. Head 41; depth 41; eye 4; snout 34; maxillary 32. D.II, 9; A. II, 12 or 13; scales 11-58-8; teeth 2, 4-5, 2, somewhat hooked. Body rather slender, slightly elevated and somewhat compressed; head small and pointed, cheek not deep; snout pointed, somewhat longer than eye;- mouth moderate, somewhat oblique, maxillary just reaching vertical at front of orbit: jaws subequal, the lower sometimes slightly projecting ; eye large, not as great as snout. Origin of dorsal fin behind base of ven- trals and much nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, the longest ray 14 in head, greater than base of fin; origin of anal fin under last dorsal ray but 2, its height equal to that of dorsal, its base equal to its longest ray; free edges of dorsal and anal nearly straight; pectoral 14 to 14 in head, not reaching insertion of ventrals; ventrals short, 1+ in pectoral, reaching anus; caudal deeply forked; lateral line complete, decurved. Color in spirits, brownish or olivaceous above, middle of side with a broad dark band involving the lateral line anteriorly and posteriorly, but lying chiefly above it mesially; middle of side from gill opening to beneath dorsal fin with a broad rosy band, following closely beneath the lateral line; lower part of sides and under parts silvery, dusted over with fine dark specks; a light yellowish band extending backward from upper pos- terior border of eye nearly halfway to origin of dorsal fin; cheek with a silvery or golden crescent; top of head dark; opercles dusky silvery; snout dusky; fins plain, dorsal and caudal somewhat dusky. This species is close to L. balteatus, but has smaller anal and dorsal fins, a more slender body, smaller and more slender head, and longer, more pointed snout. The extent of variation in proportional measurements and in the number of anal fin rays appears to be much less than in L. balteatus. It also resembles L. cooperi, but has a much shorter lower jaw and a more pointed snout. Known only from the Siuslaw River and Tsiltcoos Lake, western Oregon, where it is common. (siuslawi, of the Siuslaw River.) Leuciseus siuslawi, EVERMANN, & MEEK, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 72, fig. 4, Siuslaw River, Mapleton, Oregon. (Type, No. 48480. Coll. Dr. Meek.) Page 240. After Leuciscus elongatus add: 2798 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 378(a). LEUCISCUS NACHTRIEBI, Cox. Head 44 to 44; depth 5 (44 to 54); eye 4; snout 4%. D.8; A. 8. Body rather heavy, not greatly compressed; back slightly elevated, its curve a little greater than that of the belly; caudal peduncle rather stout, its depth $ the length of the head. Head rather short, not any more com- pressed than the body, upper surface slightly flattened; snout quite blunt in mature individuals, its length 1} times width of eye; mouth not very large, but little oblique, lower jaw included; maxillary scarcely reaching to front of orbit; pharyngeal teeth 2, 4-5, 2. Dorsal fin inserted nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, also slightly back of ventrals; caudal fin forked; anal slightly smaller than dorsal; ventrals small, not reaching vent by 4 their length; pectorals inserted rather high, not reaching the ventrals by ? their length; scales small, 12-72-9, lateral line complete on mature individuals, decurved, the pores extending on head in several lines, 1 passing back of eye, another down to nostril. General color dusky, darkest on back; sides above lateral line dull silvery, below lateral line light silvery; a faint dark dorsal band in some specimens, in others absent; no black lateral band, but some specimens have a very faint dusky shade along lateral line; no light stripe above lateral line; upper portion of opercles with a dusky shade, lower part bright silvery; upper part of head dark-colored; all the above colors typical in the young as well as adults, Length 4 inches. JL. nachtriebi differs from L. neog@us in having a well-developed lateral line, a smaller eye, fewer scales, less oblique mouth, a shorter maxillary, and in being a larger fish and differently colored. It differs from Z. elongatus in having a smaller mouth, the lower jaw never projecting, head less pointed, a shorter maxillary, finer scales, and the absence of the black lateral band. Lakes of northern Minnesota; at present known from Mille Lacs, Man Trap, Mud and Elbow lakes. (Named for Prof. Henry F. Nachtrieb, State zoologist of Minnesota.) Leuciseus nachtriebi, Cox, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1894 (Dee. 14, 1896), 615, Mille Lacs Lake, Aikin County, Minnesota. (Type, No. 47688. Coll. Minn. Nat. Hist. Surv.) Page 241. To the synonymy of Leuciscus neogeus add: Cyprinus burtonianus, LE SUEUR in VAILLANT, Bull. Soc, Philom., vil, 1896, 28, with plate, Burton Mine, Missouri. Page 244. Leucos and Myloleucus can not be maintained as subgenera, the characters of the teeth not being constant. The following notes on Rutilus olivaceus as seen at Emerald Bay, Lake Tahoe, may prove useful. 385. RUTILUS OLIVACEUS (Cope). (TAHOE CHUB.) This species is very different from Iutilus symmetricus, looking like Leuciscus lineatus. Very common; reaches 2 to 3 pounds weight; devours eggs of trout. No doubt the records of Leuciscus lineatus (atrarius) from Lake Tahoe belong to this species. Head4; depth4! to44. D.8; A.8; scales 11-56-6; teeth always 5-5, with broad grinding surface. Body oblong, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2799 moderately compressed, the back somewhat elevated anteriorly in old examples. Head conical, rounded above; eye moderate, 14 insnout (6 inches long), 5 in head; about as long as maxillary. Mouth terminal, very oblique, the lower jaw included; the snout not prominent; the short maxillary not reaching eye. Dorsal high and pointed; anal short, rather high; pectoral long, reaching % distance to ventrals, which reach vent; ventrals below front of dorsal, which is behind middle of body. Scales with edges largely exposed; lateral line running low, complete. Dusky olive above and on sides to level of ventrals, with brassy luster everywhere; middle of belly only white, a pale yellowish area between pectorals and ventrals; head brassy, dusky above, closely dotted above and on sides; body everywhere closely dotted with black, except on mid- dle line below; fins all dusky, with dark points. This species is well sep- arated from all the R. symmetricus tribe. Page 247. Luzilinus occidentalis is the young of Lavinia exilicauda, Baird & Girard (p.209), and must be placed in the synonymy of that species. Luxilinus is a pure synonym of Lavinia. Page 249. Under Opsopwodus bollmani, for ‘‘ Buckland Creek” read “ Buckhead Creek.” Page 254. For Azteca, line 22, substitute Aztecula, Jordan & Evermann, new subgenus. The former name is preoccupied by Azteca, Forel, 1878, a genus of ants. The same substitution to be made in the key on page 255 and on page 258. Page 260. Before Notropis cayuga insert: 404(a). NOTROPIS WELAKA, Evermann & Kendall. Head 43; depth 5; eye 3 in head; snout 3}. D.8; A. 8 or 9;_ scales 6-35-3; teeth 4-4, hooked. Body rather slender, moderately compressed ; head short, snout bluntly pointed; mouth moderate, somewhat oblique, lower jaw slightly included, maxillary scarcely reaching front of eye; premaxillaries protractile. Eye large; posterior edge of pupil at middle of longitudinal length of head; interorbital width greater than eye; caudal peduncle long and slender. Dorsal fin inserted well behind base of ventrals, a little nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, its longest rays shorter than head, but slightly longer than longest anal rays; ante- Tior dorsal and anal rays longest; pectoral 1+ in head; ventrals reaching origin of anal; caudal deeply notched, the lobes long and_ pointed. Seales large, lateral line incomplete, developed only on 6 to 10 scales. Back olivaceous; side with a broad black band extending from snout through eye, and ending in a rather distinct black spot on base of caudal, the black spot in some specimens (probably mature males) surrounded by orange; the black line bordered above by a narrow orange or reddish line, less distinct, or even whitish, in females and immature individuals; under parts plain; fins all plain; dorsal and caudal somewhat dusky; dusky specks on body along base of anal and under side of caudal pedun- cle; lower jaw tipped with dusky. This species resembles Notropis ano- genus, but difters in having the mouth somewhat larger and less oblique, 2800 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, the lower jaw more included, the body more slender, the lateral line less developed, the dorsal fin more posterior, and the anal rays more numer- ous. It was found in considerable abundance in the St. Johns River, near Welaka, Florida. (welaka, from the type locality.) Notropis welaka, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 126, pl. 6, fig. 2, St. Johns River, near Welaka, Florida. (Type, No. 48786. Coll. Dr. W.C Kendall.) Page 262. After Notropis blennius add: 4085(a). NOTROPIS BUCHANANT, Meek. s s Head 4; depth 4.. D. 8; A. 8; scales 6-31-2; teeth 4-4. Body rather robust, back considerably elevated, snout blunt, mouth small and nearly horizontal. Snout short, about 3 diameter of eye. Preorbital bone slightly longer than broad. Eye moderate, 3 in head. Lateral line com- plete, or nearly so; about 12 scales in a series before dorsal fin. Dorsal fin slightly nearer tip of snout than base of caudal; pectorals reaching ventrals; ventrals reaching anal. Color light olivaceous, a faint silvery lateral band; no dark lateral band or black caudal spot. This species belongs to the N. blennius type. It isa smaller species, lighter in color, and has fewer scales in the lateral line. Poteau River, Arkansas. (Named for Dr. John L. Buchanan, president of the Arkansas Industrial University. ) Notropis buchanani, MEEK, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1895 (April 13, 1896), 342, small creek near Poteau, Indian Territory. (Type, No. 47532. Coll. Dr. Meek.) Page 267. Under Nolropis nux; nuece, not neche, is nut in Spanish. Page 274, line 11, for luxoides, read luxiloides. Page 287. After Notropis lutipinnis insert: 466(a). NOTROPIS CHAMBERLAINI, Evermann, new species. tead 44; depth 44; eye 4; snout 4. D.7; A. 9; scales 7-39-3, about 15 before the dorsal. Gencral form much like that of Hybognathus; body only moderately compressed, dorsal and ventral outlines slightly arched; head rather small, pointed; mouth small, a little oblique, the maxillary scarcely reaching anterior border of orbit, lower jaw slightly included; snout equal to eye; eye in axis of body. Fins all rather small; origin of dorsal slightly behind vertical at insertion of ventrals; free edge of dorsal fin somewhat concave, the anterior rays about equal to length of head; pectoral short, slightly faleate, the longest rays about 12 in head; ventrals shorter than pectoral, barely reaching vent; anal similar to dorsal, the rays shorter; caudal widely forked, the middle rays 24 in the outer, the lobes as long as head, the lower lobe slightly longer than the upper. Scales moderately imbricated, the exposed portions not deeper than long; lateral line complete, somewhat decurved. Teeth 2, 44, 2 or 1, rather weak, hooked, and with small grinding surface. Intestine short; peri- toneum silvery. General color light straw; middle of side with a broad, well-defined silvery band from upper end of gill opening to iniddle of America, 2801 Jordan and base of caudal fin, the anterior half lying wholly above the lateral line, the posterior portion lying partly below it; this silvery band bounded above by a narrow dark border; cheeks and opercles silvery; a darkish band along median line of back; fins all plain straw color or pale lemon. Fourteen examples of this species, 2 to 3 inches in length, were obtained from the Atchafalaya River at Melville, Louisiana, i Mr. Fred M. Chamberlain, for whom the species is named. Notropis chamberlaini, EVERMANN MS., Atchafalaya River, Melville, Louisiana. (Type, No. 48901.) Page 291. Notropis scopifer, Eigenmann & Eigenmann, is identical with Notropis hudsonius selene (Jordan), (p. 269), and should be omitted. Page 294. After Notropis dilectus insert: 487(a). NOTROPIS LOUISIANE, Evermann, new species. Head 42; depth 54; eye 3; snont 3. D.7; A. 11; scales 7-37-3, 19 or 20 before the dorsal. Teeth 1, 4-4, 2, little hooked. Body long and slender, back not arched; head short, but pointed; mouth rather large, oblique, maxillary scarcely reaching orbit, lower jaw somewhat included; eye large, equal to or greater than snout. Fins rather small; origin of dorsal far behind insertion of ventrals, its longest rays 1? in head; pee short, their length equal to eet: of anal; ventrals very short, 2 in head ; caudal deeply forked. Scales firm, eodatatoly imbricated; lateral line complete, gently decurved. Color pale; side’ with a faint plumbeous band; back and upper part of sides with numerous dark specks chiefly on the margins of the scales, thus forming cross-hatchings; a narrow dark vertebral band on caudal peduncle; peritoneum silvery, with numerous minute round black specks. Length 24 inches. This species resembles Notropis dilectus, but has a much smaller mouth, blunter snout, and in being less silvery along the side. Known only from the Atchafalaya River, Louisiana. Notropis louisiane, EVERMANN MS., Atchafalaya River, Melville, Louisiana. (Type, No. 48902. Coll. Fred M. Chamberlain.) Page 348. Anguilla chrysypa is abundant in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, according to Dr. Wm. Wakeham. Page 355. The original type of Congermurena is C. habenata, Kaup, a species with blunt or granular teeth. The American species all belong to a distinct genus, Congrellus, Ogilby (type balearica), distinguished by the villiform teeth. These genera are charactered by Mr. Ogilby in a paper as yet unpublished. Pages 356 and 357. In Congermurena flava the upper jaw projects far beyond the lower. By a slip in the original description the reverse is said to be the case. Page 359. Murwnesox coniceps is called Culevra Blanca at Mazatlan, and reaches a length of 7 feet. Page 368. Avocettina gilli, Bean, should probably stand as a species distinct from Avocettina infans. The description in the footnote on page 2802 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 368 is sufficiently full. See Jordan, Proe. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. v1, 1896, 206, pl. 21. Page 369. No. 604, Labichthys elongatus, is a true Avocettina, having the vent far behind the head. It should stand as— 602(a). AVOCETTINA ELONGATA (Gill & Ryder). Page 376. After Myrichthys tigrinus, Girard, add: 615(a). MYRICHTHYS XYSTURUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Teeth all more or less blunt and granular; a band of 3 or 4 series on each side of lower jaw; a band of 2 rows on each side of upper jaw; vomer with a long series divided into 2 for about 4 its length. Anterior nasal tubes conspicuous, turned downward. Eye 24 in snout; front of eye above middle of gape, the length of which is a little more than 4 of head; the angle of mouth well behind eye. Interorbital width about # length of the rather long and slender snout, which projects much beyond lower jaw, the tip of the latter about reaching middle of snout. Length of head contained 4} times in that of trunk; head and trunk together shorter than tail, and contained 24 to 2} times in total length. Pectoral very small, its length about equal to depth of gill opening. Dorsal beginning close behind nape, much in front of gill opening; fins low; tail pointed, the tip sharp. Color light olive; sides each with 3 series of large round brown spots, those of the 2 upper series of equal size, those of lower scarcely 4 as large, faint, and often obsolete anteriorly ; the spots irregular in their arrangement, those of the upper series usually twice as numerous as those of the next; those of the upper series along base of dorsal fin extending partly on the base of the fin; lower series of spots along base of anal, some of them extending on the fin or even entirely upon it; on the belly are sometimes small dark spots, scarcely arranged in series; dorsal fin with a terminal series of dark spots, which are partly confluent, the fin narrowly margined with white; anal reddish, with a lighter margin; pectoral with a blackish blotch; head covered with round black spots, which become smaller and more numerous toward the snout; lower jaw with dark spots; iris light yellow. Pacific coast of Mexico; common among the rocks about Mazat- lan. (Cd6rov, aspike; ovpa, tail.) A species distinct from M. tigrinus, which is known only from the original type figured by Jordan & Davis, and described in the text of Part I of this work, page 376. This specimen, said to be from ‘Adair Bay, Oregon,” may not be American, as there is no such bay in Oregon, and no second specimen of the true Myrichthys tigrinus has been found anywhere. Ophichthys xysturus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 346, Mazatlan, Mex- ico. (Type No. 28142. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) 615(b). MYRICHTHYS PANTOSTIGMIUS, Jordan & McGregor. Head %/ in trunk; head and trunk 14 in tail; cleft of mouth 3 in head; eye 23 in snout, which is 5 in head; pectorals 2 in snout; anterior nasal tube equal to the eye. Color olivaceous, with distinct rows of roundish Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2803 blackish spots, some oblong, smaller on head and covering the whole belly ; 39 spots in the dorsal row, these spots usually alternating each with its fellow on the other side of dorsal, sometimes opposite; spots of second row usually opposite; spots of third row smaller and more numerous, extending from the cheeks to opposite the vent, thence running along base of anal, not running on fin, most of the spots of this row little more than } length of snout; 2 rows of smaller spots along belly from gill open- ing to front of anal; spots on nape rather large, on head larger and more numerous than in M. «ysturus; pale color of head reduced to reticulations; chin and throat spotted as much as head; no pale centers to any of the spots; dorsal without spots or with only a few, which come up from back; from beginning to end the dorsal has a broad black margin about $+ height of fin; anal mostly pale, but toward tip having some black markings; pectoral with upper half jet-black, a white margin posteriorly, a small black spot in lower corner. This species is distinguishable from all others by the great number of spots of small size and without pale centers; the black edge of dorsal; the black spot on the rather large pectoral, and especially by having the belly spotted as much as the other parts. Clarion Island. One specimen, about a foot long, known. (ds, whole, entire, all; 6riysa, spot.) Myrichthys pantostigmius, JORDAN & McGReEGor, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1898, pl. 4, Clarion Island. (Type, No. 5710, L.S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. R. C. McGregor.) Page 377. After Pisoodonophis cruentifer add: 618(a). PISOODGNOPHIS DASPILOTUS, Gilbert, new species. Brownish above, gray below, the head and body usually thickly coy- ered with black spots smaller than the eye; these are smaller and more numerous on the head, fewer and fainter on the lighter interior surface, and become indistinct or entirely disappear on the terminal portion of tail. In 1 specimen the head and trunk are spotted and the entire tail unicolor. In another no spots are present, the upper parts being a uni- form dark brown, the under parts lighter brown, a few dark freckles only being present on sides of head. In all specimens the snout and lower jaw are blackish. The anus is near the middle of the total length, sometimes nearer the tip of snout, sometimes nearer tip of tail. The cheeks are not greatly swollen. The gape extends behind the eye, its length, measured from tip of lower jaw to angle of mouth, being contained 4% to 4? in head. The snout projects beyond the lower jaw for a distance about equaling diameter of orbit. Eye 2 to 24in snout, 1% to 2! in interorbital width. Tubes of anterior nostrils about 4 diameter of eye, directed downward near tip of snout. Posterior nostrils under front of eye, concealed in the upper lip as usual. Teeth all bluntly conic, in rather wide bands on jaws and vomer; they are usually not disposed in regular series within the bands, but each band has about the width of 4 series, and these are some- times distinguishable. The mandibular teeth become larger on approach- ing the symphysis, those at point of mandible and those on head of vomer being much the largest teeth present. The patch on shaft of vomer tapers 2804 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. backward to a point considerably behind angle of mouth. Origin of dor- sal entirely behind tip of pectorals, its distance from snout 4 to 4 greater than length of the head. The tip of the tail is compressed, acute, horny, used for defense. Pectoral very short, from a wide base which slightly exceeds length of gillslit, The fin rapidly narrows downward, the longest portion contained 12 to 14 times in length of head. The width of gill slit is about + head. The following table gives measurements of 4 specimens in millimeters: . ~ hes ‘ oe | ey iw BO ie (one isu aN 4 TS | @ s| aa | 5 ms a » a ial its B| ea lS la ome ie ale a(olel(sa|Sica| selec & ees Eo lfZlaslogiaslagiaa| & A ZS sles call en | oes (Pee lines onl Manis) |e te |e aq 2 a mao |< aS aio S x & R aleslale 25\3sc Ss Sulit >) | 1S a ° a a s a az © |e]? b0|.2 2 | ep = ar 5 rat S/S (Slee sisle lessee (2 18 | & 5 ® S| OP} Siblere | colaslola = =| o 2 A} } Se |e] ola S/F jailer iaia A |e | A een ae | eae | | i. | oak | SS | TPE EE 362 | 177/185] 38| 8/3/5| gal ex] ogi sal 5] 48] 31 42 401 | 203 | 198 | 48 | 103 3 | 7 | 11 | 74 34/4 | 6] 53| 4] 143 492 | 248 | 244 | 52 | 11 | 33] 73] 163) 84/ 34] 33] 63| 68) 5a] 18 494 | 255 | 239 | 56 | 12 | 437 | 16| 8h} 43/4] 6 | G3! 54! 16 Four specimens were secured, 3 obtained in brackish water at the mouth of a small stream which empties into Panama Bay, the fourth in a fresh- water pond at Miraflores. There is some reason to suppose that they burrow in the mud. Pisoodonophis daspilotus, GILBERT, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. Page 382. Murena ophis, Linnzeus, is without much doubt the original Ophichthus havannensis. The species would therefore stand as— 626. OPHICHTHUS OPHIS (Linnzus). Page 396. Sidera castanea, Jordan & Gilbert, should be removed from the synonomy of Lycodontis funebris. It is apparently a valid species and should be inserted as— 650(a). LYCODONTIS CASTANEUS (Jordan & Gilbert). (MoRENA PRIETA.) Tail about as long as rest of body, orslightly longer. Head 24 in length of trunk; cleft of mouth wide, 24 to 24in head. Teeth everywhere uni- serial or nearly so, those on sides of mandible small, compressed, close set, subtriangular, directed backward, about 18 in number on each side; man- dible with about 4 large canines anteriorly; upper jaw with the teeth partly in 2 series, some of the teeth being movable, the other mostly stronger, caninelike, especially anteriorly; front of vomer with 2 very long, slender canines, behind them a single series of small teeth; teeth allentire. Eye large, slightly nearer tip of snout than angle of mouth, its diameter 2 to 24 in snout; gill opening 4 wider than orbit; tube of > anterior nostril short, less than | diameter of orbit; posterior nostril with- Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America, 2805 out tube; occiput not especially elevated, the anterior profile scarcely concave (perfectly straight in young 2 feet long). Dorsal fin commencing much in advance of gill opening, becoming unusually high posteriorly, where its vertical height is more than 4 greatest depth of body ; the length of the longest ray more than greatest depth of body. Color light brown- ish chestnut, slightly paler on abdomen; no spots or bands anywhere; fins without dark margins; no dark spot on gill opening or at angle of mouth; no black about eye; head without conspicuous pores. The speci- men here described is 44 inches in length; others about 2 feet in length agree very closely. This enormous eel is very common among the rocks about Mazatlan, where it reaches a length of 6 feet. It is close to the West Indian species, L. funebris, but the colors are not the same, funebris being a greenish black, while castaneus is a purplish chestnut, without shades of olive or green. (castaneus, chestnut. ) Sidera castanea, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 647, Mazatlan. (Type, Nos. 28246, 29535 and 29591. Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) After Lycodontis mordax add: 649(a). LYCODONTIS PICTUS (Ah). Head 4 in trunk; tail about as long as body; eye 24 in snout, situated midway between snout and angle of mouth; cleft of mouth 22 in head; snout 53 in head; anterior nasal tube 5 in snout; gill opening 11 in head. Teeth in each jaw ina single series; palatine series either parallel with these or divergent; no distinct canines ; teeth comparatively small; ante- rior vomerine 1 or 2 in number, bluntish and conical; posterior vomerine teeth rather blunt. Anterior nasal tubes moderate. Dorsal low anteri- orly and beginning in front of gill opening. Color brownish gray or purplish, everywhere covered with small purplish black spots, which are not confluent; in the adult the spots are arranged in roundish or ring- like blotches on the sides; fins colored like body, without dark edges; young pale with black ring-shaped markings; variation in color and form of markings numerous. East Indies; everywhere common. East to offshore islands of Mexico. Two specimens, about 3 feet in length, taken at Clarion Island by Mr. R. C. McGregor. (pictus, painted. ) Murena picta, AHL, le Murena et ophichtho, VI, 6, tab. 2, f. 2; GUnTHER, Cat. Fish, vii, 116. Gymnothorax pictus, BLEEKER, All. Ichth., Murzena, 87, tab. 26, 28, 29, 45. Mureenophis pantherina, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 628, 1803. Murcena variegata, QuoY & GAIMARD, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 246, pl. 52; f 1 Mureena lita, RICHARDSON, Voy. Erebus and Terror, 84, Moluccas. Murena siderea, RICHARDSON, Voy. Erebus and Terror, 85, pl. 48, f. 1-5, Australia. Murena pfeifferi, BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., v, 178, Celebes. Sidera pfeifferi, Kaup, Apodes, 70. Page 401. After Murena argus insert: 660(a). MURENA CLEPSYDRA, Gilbert, new species. Closely related to M. insularum and M. argus, from the tropical Pacific, differing from both in color. Nostrils tubular, of almost equal length. 2806 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Mouth closing completely, the teeth entirely concealed by the lips. Gape straight, horizontal, extending to well behind the eyes, 24 to 2} in head. Teeth in jaws large, compressed, and wide at base, tapering uniformly to an acute point, directed backward, close set, everywhere uniserial; those in sides of mandible noticeably smaller than those of upper jaw, the teeth in both jaws increasing in size anteriorly; as many as 18 or 20 teeth may be present in the half of either jaw, but many of them are usually wanting, leaving gaps in the series; a single row of small teeth on shaft of vomer, beginning opposite front of eye; head of vomer with 2 long canines, larger than any of the other teeth, one or both of these usually wanting in larger specimens, having apparently fallen out. Head 2 (1}3 to 2,5) in trunk; head and trunk 14 to 1} in tail; depth at anus approximately $ length of head; eye small, its diameter contained 12 to 16 times in head; snout 5 to 54. Dorsal beginning on the head, its dis- tance from snout 14 to 1} in head. Color dark brown, lighter on belly, dull whitish on under side of head; head, body, and fins closely covered with white spots, those on posterior parts larger, with some smaller ones intermingled, the larger spots with a more or less evident central constric- tion which makes them hourglass-shaped; toward the head the spots hecome very small and crowded, not more than 4 as large as pupil; fins indistinctly hight margined; a large elliptical jet-black blotch surrounds the gill slit, distinctly margined by a series of confluent white spots; the longitudinal diameter of the blotch is contained 5 to 54 times in the length of the head; angle of mouth with a small black blotch, often obscure, preceded by a pale spot on mandible; the throat is marked with a num- ber of parallel lengthwise folds, the bottom of each fold with a dark line. The following table gives measurements in millimeters of 5 specimens: | | | Distance Total Head and. | 4 : | Depth nti eee length. | trunk. Tail. Head. | Gape. | Snout.| Eye. anus. | Sout to : origin of dorsal. 675 | si1| 364 | 106 45 204 7 59 72 630 289 341 96 38 183 64 524 70 612 287 325 | 98 39 19 64 47 64 473 | 203 | 270 | 66 28 13 5s 40 50 58 21 11 43 27 39 397 | 177 | 220 | This species is abundant at Panama, where it is frequently brought to market. About 25 specimens were seen during our visit, all essentially alike in coloration. The type is 397 millimeters long (see table of measure- ments), and has the spots on body less numerous than in larger specimens. (clepsydra, xAewvdpa, an hourglass, from its markings.) Murena clepsydra, GILBERT, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. Page 410. It is probable that several species are confounded under the name Jlops saurus. According to Ogilby the Australian species has only 63 vertebra. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2807 Page 411. 199. Genus ALBULA, Bloch & Schneider. The proper binomial authority for this generic name, as well as for the names Synodus, Umbra, and Anableps, is Scopoli, as Dr. Gill informs us. These pre-Linnean names, with others, were first used in binomial nomen- clature as names of genera by Scopoli, Introd. His. Nat. 1777, pp. 449 (Synodus) and 450 (Albula, Umbra, Anableps). The genera should then stand as follows: Page 411. 199. ALBULA (Gronow) Scopoli. Page 533. 248. SYNODUS (Gronow) Scopoli. Page 623. 298. UMBRA (Kriimer) Scopoli. Page 684. 312. ANABLEPS (Artedi) Scopoli. Page 414. To the description of Chanos chanos the following may be added: The skeletal peculiarities of Chanos are numerous and remarkable, many archaic characters persisting. The following account of the skele- ton has been prepared by Mr. Starks: SKELETON OF CHANOS CHANOS. a. Cranium: The frontals are very large, covering nearly the whole top of the head, and extending over the dorsoanterior part of the parietals, supraoccipi- taland the parotic process. On the side of the skull there is an area bounded by the supraoccipital, the opisthotic and the sphenotic, which is not ossified, but is composed of cartilage. Between the frontals, at about their middle, there is a place in which the bone is fibrous and largely cartilaginous; it is easily broken through. The basal cavity under the brain cavity is large. On the upper part of the operculum is a large scale-like bone. The suborbitals are well developed and plate-like, extending back nearly to the posterior edge of the preopercle. b. Vertebral column: There are 42 vertebre in the spinal column. ‘The first vertebra is co- ossified to the skull, and apparently bears no ribs; the second vertebra supports a pair of very small, slender ribs, which articulate directly with the sides of the vertebra; the third vertebra supports the first pair of large ribs; they are articulated with the transverse processes. The first 14 or 15 neural spines and pairs of transverse processes are articulated with the vertebre by sutures; they are easily separated from the verte- br by boiling or maceration. The vertebre gradually increase in size and reach their largest size about } of the distance from the anterior to the posterior end of the spinal column, where they are 3 or 4 times the size of the anterior ones. This character is more marked in the adult than in the young. 2808 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. c. Shoulder girdle: The shoulder girdle is exceedingly well braced, the post-temporal is widely forked, and strongly articulated to the epiotic processes of the skull. The supraclavicle 1s long and slender, its posterior face is hol- lowed out and attached some distance from the upper end of the clavicle, which projects upward. This projecting upper end of the clavicle is braced to the skull by two long bones. The first bone is very slender, at its anterior end it is connected to the exoccipital; near its middle it is connected with the posterior end of the post-temporal, at which point it turns at a sharp angle and runs to the clavicle. The second bone is much larger; it is articulated to the basioccipital. Its posterior edge is nearly straight for its whole length, but its anterior edge is produced and much swollen near its middle, and joins the post-temporal over the first bone, then runs to the upper end of the clavicle. ‘The inner part of the clavicle and the coracoid are thin and pierced by many holes, so that the bone in places is little more than network. The hypercoracoid has a very large foramen; at its posterior edge is a projection which supports a thin bone, probably adermal bone. The mesocoracoid is well developed. There are 4 actinosts; the first is long, but they rapidly decrease in size to the fourth, which is short and triangular. The first ray of the pectoral is large at the basal end, and hollowed out; it works directly on the hyper- coracoid. d. Branchial apparatus: The branchial apparatus is peculiar in the adult, in having gill rakers somewhat resembling the filaments of a feather, on both sides of each arch and on the basibranchial. They meet in a middle line between the arches and unite, forming a continuous lattice-work screen, through which nothing but the very smallest bodies can pass. The pharyngeals have no teeth, but have gill rakers similar to those on the arches; they are inclosed in sac-like projections on each side. This description is taken from the skeleton of a large specimen 4 feet long. The gill rakers are not united in young individuals. e. Other parts: The septie between the myotomes are ossified about + an inch under the skin, forming long, slender rays of bone. There is an upper series running from the middle of the sides up on the back, and a lower series from the sides down on the belly, and form a sort of a basket around the the body. Those below have a single branch near the middle of each, the ones above have 2 branches each; these branches are lost toward the pos- teriorend. These bones are not present in the young. The large caudal fin is attached very firmly to the hypural, the long rays of each lobe join the hypural at about the same oblique angle, the base of each ray is deeply divided and articulated immovably with the hypural. The middle short rays are all nearly horizontal and are much less firmly fastened. The first interspinal ray of the anal is hollow and cone-shaped, the pos- terior end of the air bladder runs into it as in the genera Lucinostomus and Calamus. The scales are very thick and closely imbricated; the skin anteriorly is + inch thick. (Jordan, Fishes of Sinaloa, 404-409.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2809 Page 417. After Dorosoma petenense add: 202(a). SIGNALOSA, Evermann & Kendall. Signalosa, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 127 (atcha- falaye). Body short, deep, and compressed, the form somewhat elliptical; ventral outline more strongly curved than the dorsal; head rather large, snout sharp and pointed, not tumid ; mouth small, oblique, the lower jaw scarcely ineluded; maxillary of 3 pieces, broad and curved, but without notch in the outer margin as in Dorosoma; caudal peduncle short and deep. Bran- chiostegals 5; pseudobranchiv large; gill rakers short and very numerous, about 340 in number. No teeth; adipose eyelid present; stomach gizzard- like; scutes about 17 + 10. Last ray of dorsal very long and filamentous. This genus is allied to Dorosoma, from which itis plainly distinguished by the absence of the notch in the maxillary, the more pointed snout, the less-included lower jaw, the shorter anal fin, larger scales, and the fewer scutes. It differs from Alosa in the very numerous gill rakers, the character of the dorsa! fin, and inother respects. (signum, a flagstaff or pole; Alosa, the shad; a reference to the long dorsal ray.) 679(a). SLGNALOSA ATCHAFALAYE, Evermann & Kendall. Head 32; depth 3}; eye 34 in head: snout 5}; maxillary 3}. D. I, 12; A. 1, 24; scales 42-15; scutes 17+10. Body oblong-elliptical, compressed, the back in front of dorsal narrow ; ventral edge sharp, serrate; head small, mouth terminal, oblique, lower jaw slightly included ; snout rather pointed, not blunt, as in Dorosoma cepedianum; maxillary in 3 pieces, long and curved, reaching vertical at front of pupil, the outer edge not notched ; no teeth. Caudal peduncle short, compressed, and deep. Origin of dorsal fin over base of ventrals, much nearer tip of snout than base of caudal, the last ray filamentous, about 7 longer than head and nearly reaching base of caudal; the first dorsal ray about 2 in the last one; pectoral 1; in head, reaching base of ventrals; ventrals short, reaching only halfway to vent, their length 1} in pectorals; anal rays short, base of fin 14 in head ; scutes moderate; caudal widely forked, the lower lobe the longer; scales large, thin, deciduous, somewhat crowded anteriorly; accessory scales at bases of pectorals and ventrals; base of caudal with small scales. Color bluish black or dark olivaceous on back and sides to level of the jet-black humeral spot; rest of sides and under parts bright silvery ; dorsal and caudal dusky; other fins plain. The cotypes from Grand Plains Bayou are 2 females with ripe roe. They are 43 and 53 inches long, respectively, and differ from the types only in the deeper body and the much darker coloration of the upper parts. 3030——99 2810 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. The amount of variation in this species, shown by the material at hand, is exhibited in the following table: T Anal.| Secutes. | Seales. No.|Head.|Depth. Eye. Snout.) Max. | onea Locality. ~ a . SSS! 1,24 | 16411) 40-15 \Grand Plains 1 44 3 33 | 54 32 Ten, Q/ 4 25|/ 34] 54] 382] 1,12) 1,24] 16411] 42-15 |f Bayou, Miss. Ballets 3 | 33| 5k] 32] 1 12-|1,24| 16410] 42-14 4| 33 31| 3h] 5a] 32] 1,12] 1,24 | 17--10)| 42-15 |\Melville, La. 5| 38 Bile ee S20 ele 12) ale 24s Gees = | 6| 33 Sa NSe [oud ely ane T,12 | 1,24 | 16410] 41-15 |\Grand Plains Vani |teaioa 3) 3b] 5 3i| 1,12|1,24|17+ 9] 41-15 |f Bayou, Miss. Sate sae 3 Oras 3 | 1,12|1,24| 17+ 9| 41-15 |\Black Bayon, | 9] 34 Dea 330 trode 3) |e ale, hat 17+ 9| 40-15 i Miss. This species appears to be rather common in the larger lowland streams and bayous of Louisiana and Mississippi. It probably does not reach a large size, adult examples being less than 6 inches long. It is not used as food, but is of considerable value as bait in the catfish fishery of the Atchafalaya River and its connecting lakes and bayous. Length 4 to 6 inches. (atchafalaya, from the type locality.) Signalosa atchafalaye, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 127, pl. 7, fig. 4, Atchafalaya River, Melville, Louisiana. (Type, No. 48790. Coll. Fred M. Chamberlain.) Page 425. The statement that Pomolobus mediocris does not ascend rivers to spawn is not correct. This species is known to ascend the St. Johns River, Florida, at least as far as Lake Monroe, during the winter, They usually run somewhat earlier than the shad. Page 427. After dAlosa, Cuvier, add: a. Gill rakers numerous, 93 to 120; upper jaw with sharp, deep notch at tip; lower jaw not projecting. SAPIDISSIMA, 693. aa. Gill rakers fewer than 76; noteh in upper jaw smaller; lower jaw more strongly projecting. ALABAM, 693(a). Page 428. After synonymy of Alosa sapidissima add: 693/a). ALOSA ALABANLE, Jordan & Evermann. (ALABAMA SHAD; GULF SHAD.) Head 42; depth 3; snout4}; eye 44; maxillary 24. D.15; A. 20; scales 55, —16 in a crosswise series; scutes 21+ 15; vertebrie 54; gill rakers 56 to 68. Body deep; back gently and evenly arched from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, thence descending in a regular curve to base of caudal fin; ventral outline nearly straight from tip of mandible to ven- trals, and also from there to base of caudal. Head small, snout pointed; upper lip with a small notch, into which fits the tip of the slightly pro- jecting lower jaw; maxillary narrow; cheek much deeper than long; teeth on tongue and maxillary scarcely perceptible. Origin of dorsal nearer snout than base of caudal, the fin low, the longest ray shorter than the base, or about equal to snout and eye; base of anal somewhat greater Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2811 than that of dorsal, or equal to length of pectoral. Gill rakers 68, the longest about equal to length of snout. Peritoneum pale. Color as in Alosa sapidissima; the caudal, dorsal, and pectoral tins rather darker tipped. The male differs from the female only in being somewhat more slender. This species differs from Alosa sapidissima chiefly in the fewer gill rakers, its sharper, more pointed snout, smaller notch in upper jaw, more projecting mandible, and more slender maxillary. It seems to reach maturity at a much smaller size than the common shad. Streams tribu- tary to the Gulf of Mexico; known from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and Pen- sacola, Florida. Alosa alabame, JORDAN & EVERMANN, in EVERMANN, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1895 (Dec. 28, 1896), 203, Black Warrior River, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (Type, Nos. 47689 and 47690. Coll. J. H. Fitts); EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897, 127, pl. 7, figs. 5 and 6. According to Ogilby, Kowala is a genus distinct from Sardinella. Page 436. Jlisha panamensis is not separable from J. furthi. The lat- ter name has priority. Page 437. Opisthopterus lutipinnis is very abundant on the outer sand beaches about Mazatlan. Page 445. Species 728, Stolephorus poeyi, is a species of Lycengraulis, and should stand as— 743 (a). LYCENGRAULIS POEYI (Kner & Steindachner). Numerous specimens lately taken by Dr. Gilbert at Panama. A large species used as food. The teeth are unequal in Lycengraulis, but none of them can be properly described as canine-like. Page 447. After Stolephorus lucidus add: 752(a). STOLEPHORUS RASTRALIS, Gilbert & Pierson, new species. Head 3.16 (3.1 to 3.3); depth 3.8 (3.5 to 4.2); eye 3.4 in head (3.33 to 4). D. 14 (12 to 15); A. 26 to 32. Body much compressed and deep; belly sharply keeled in front of ventrals; dorsal outline much less curved than ventral, the lower profile rising very rapidly from a point opposite middle of pectorals to tip of snout, in shape of head thus closely resembling the species of Cetengraulis. Maxillary reaching almost but not quite to gill opening; snout high, compressed, its length 4 to } diameter of eye. Gill rakers averaging in larger examples 51 + 64, in smaller specimens 44 +-50; the largest about as long as eye. Insertion of dorsal fin variable, but never posterior to a point midway between base of caudal and middle of eye; pectoral fins reaching to or nearly to insertion of ventrals, the latter not to vent. Color olivaceous, the lower part of side with violet reflec- tions; sides of head silvery; a conspicuous silvery lateral band varying in width from about 1} times length of orbit in the largest examples to less than } orbit in the smaller specimens; the band is widest before dorsal, tapering to } or less than } its greatest width on caudal peduncle, where it frequently disappears in the young. In larger specimens the ventral edge of this band is frequently ill-defined anteriorly; top of head with 2812 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, widely spaced black specks; a dark vertebral streak, more or less of it often consisting of 2 narrow lines; tips of caudal lobes often blackish; fins otherwise unmarked. This species differs from closely allied species in the following characters: From Stolephorus lucidus, in the much longer head, more compressed body, well-defined lateral stripe, and smaller eye; from S. compressus, in the longer head and wider lateral band; from S. pan- amensis and S. mundcolus, in the much more numerous gill rakers, and the more anterior position of the dorsal relative to the anal, the origin of the anal being under the middle of the dorsal, while in S. panamensis the origins of the two fins lie in the same vertical. Length 2 to 3 inches. Panama. Manyspecimens. (Gilbert & Pierson.) (rastrum, a rake, from the long gill rakers.) Stolephorus rastralis, GILBERT & PIERSON, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. 732(b). STOLEPHORUS MUNDEOLUS, Gilbert & Pierson, new species. Head 4.15 (4 to 4.25); depth 3.77 (3.40 to 4.25); eye 3.44 in head (3.12 to 3.70). D. 13 or 14; A.33 (33 to 35); seales 36 (35 to 39). Dorsal and ven- tral contours about equally and gradually rounded from the middle region of body to the tip of snout and base of caudal fin. Snout short, high, compressed, blunt at tip, its length 1.8 in eye. Eye very large. Mavxil- lary broad, tapering to a sharp point, which reaches margin of gill open- ing. Gill rakers 17 to 22+ 21 to 24; the longest 1.5 to 2in eye. Anterior insertion of dorsal fin varying from a point midway between base of caudal and middle of eye, to a point midway between the caudal and tip of snout. In 10 examples its insertion is before that of the anal. Anal fin long, averaging 33 rays, its origin beneath the anterior third of the dorsal; length of base shorter than in S. panamensis, being 3.04 in length, while in the latter its length is contained 2.5 in length. Pectoral long, reaching well beyond the insertion of the ventrals, equaling length of head behind front of pupil; a large axillary scale; ventrals scarcely reaching vent. Uniform light olive, with silvery reflections; a faint, narrow, silvery-gray lateral stripe, sometimes scarcely distinguishable; sides of head plain silvery; upper margin of orbital rim black; dorsal region blackish; a faint, narrow dark line on each side of the light mid- dorsal streak; caudal slightly dusky; fins otherwise unmarked. This species is closely allied to Stolephorus panamensis and S. compressus, but may be distinguished from the former by its longer head, larger eye, greater depth, fewer scales along the lateral line, and its much shorter anal base; also by the much fainter lateral silvery stripe. The eye is contained 14 to 16 times in length, excluding the caudal, while in S. panamensis the length contains the eye 16 to 20 times. From S. compressus it differs in the relative length of the head and maxillary. In S. mundeolus the maxillary is contained in the head 1.27 times (1.19 to 1.57); in com- pressus 1.48 times (1.30 to 1.81). In mundeolus the head is contained 4.15 times in the length; in compressus 4.44 times. Length 4 to 64 inches. Panama; many specimens. (Gilbert.) (mundeolus, somewhat shining, from mundus, neat or clean.) Stolephorus mundeolus, GILBERT & PIERSON, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. Jordan and Evermann,.—Fishes of North America. 2813 732(c). STOLEPHORUS NASO, Gilbert & Pierson, new species. Head 3.3 to.3.5; depth 4.7 to 5.8; eye 44 to 5in head. D, 14 or 15; A. 22 to 24; lateral line about 35 (?). Dorsal and ventral outlines weakly arched; body slender, its greatest depth 1.5 in head, compressed; belly carinated in front of ventrals, and sometimes behind them in larger speci- mens. Head long and slender, its greatest width 1.5 to 1.7 in its length, the lower profile much more oblique than the upper. Snout long, com- pressed, bluntly rounded, its length exceeding thesmall eye. Cheek with a very acute posterior angle. Opercle narrow, oblique. Maxillary rather bluntly pointed, failing to reach gill opening by about } diameter of pupil. Teeth on the maxillary quite prominent and directed forward. Gill rakers short, 17-+ 20 in number, the longest 1.5 ineye. Scales large, thin, deciduous, only a few scattering ones remaining in ourspecimens. Dorsal fin inserted midway between front or middle of orbit and base of median caudal rays. Origin of anal under or slightly behind middle of dorsal; length of anal base about equal to the distance from front of orbit to base of ventral fin; pectorals not reaching ventrals, their length about 4 length of head. Length of ventrals equaling or slightly exceeding distance from tip of snout to middle of pupil. Color light olive, with the usual bright reflections; a large dark patch of brown dots on occiput; a double series of dots along median line posterior to dorsal, this absent in some speci- mens; large specimens with a bright, well-defined silvery streak, slightly narrowing anteriorly and on caudal peduncle, its greatest width about equaling diameter of eye; in the young, this band is fainter and narrower; a conspicuous series of black dots at base of anal. Characterized by the slender form, well-defined silvery streak, sharply carinated breast, the small eye, and the very long, compressed, deep, and rather bluntly rounded snout. Most closely resembling S. starksi, from which it differs in the smaller eye, longer snout, and slightly longer anal. Length 2 to 24+inches. Panama; common. (Gilbert & Pierson.) (naso, long-nosed. ) Stolephorus naso, GILBERT & PIERSON, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama, 732(d). STOLEPHORUS STARKSI, Gilbert & Pierson, new species. Head 3.3 to 3.6; depth 4.8 to 5.5 in length, 14 in head; eye 3 to 3.5 in head. D. 15 or 16; A. 17 to 22; scales about 41. Body long and slender, slightly deeper and more compressed than in S. ischanus, which much resembles this species. Dorsal outline very little arched; ventral outline nearly straight from gill opening to insertion of anal fin, the lower profile of head oblique, nearly straight. Belly compressed, keeled for anterior % of distance anterior to base of ventrals. Head long and pointed, its width 14 times in its length; maxillary abruptly widened at the mandib- ular joint, tapering posteriorly to a blunt point, which reaches almost to the gill opening, its length equal to length of base of anal; snout long, sharp, and projecting, abruptly compressed in its terminal portion as seen from above, its length } diameter of orbit, or slightly more. Branchios- tegal membranes united at base for a very short distance. In 4 exam 2814 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ples examined as to this point, the gill rakers are as follows: 20+ 25, 23 + 24, 214-23, 19-30, the longest contained 1} to 1; in eye. Scales large, thin, and deciduous, a few only remaining on the specimens at hand. Origin of the dorsal fin equally distant from the base of the caudal fin and tip of snout or front of eye. Anal inserted under beginning of poste- rior third of base of dorsal; pectorals not reaching ventrals, the latter 2 distance to front of anal. Color light olive, with broad, well-defined lat- eral silvery streak of nearly uniform width, usually narrowing anteriorly and on middle of caudal peduncle, its width in our largest specimen 2 diameter of eye; the silvery streak has a slight golden tinge; a narrow dark vertebral line, which widens on the nape; occiput blackish. Ver- tebrie 40, counted in 1 example only. This species differs from Stoleph- orus cultratus in its slenderer body, shorter snout, wider opercle and smaller teeth; the belly is also not sharply carinate, the dorsal is more anteriorly placed, the ventrals are farther back, and the silvery streak is wider anteriorly. It differs from S. delicatissimus in its longer, slenderer head and body, smaller eye, longer, sharper snout, and much wider, bet- ter-defined silvery streak. Length 1} to 24 inches. Panama; common. (Gilbert & Pierson.) (Named for Edwin Chapin Starks. ) Stolephorus starksi, GILBERT & PIERSON, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. Page 448. After Stolephorus spinifer add: 737(a). STOLEPHORUS SCOFIELDI, Jordan & Culver. Head 3% to 3,4;in length to base of caudal; depth 44 to 5; eye 3? to 4 in head, D, 12; A. 25 or 26; scales 41 or 42. Body somewhat compressed and elevated, the belly not carinated nor serrated. Teeth in both jaws, and on palatines, a few on vomer; maxillary covered with teeth its entire length and reaching beyond base of mandible, but not to opercular mar- gin. Gill rakers 10+ 12, the longest a little more than } the eye. Origin of dorsal midway between base of median caudal rays and center of eye; anal not quite as long as head, its origin below the middle of dorsal; lower caudal lobe longer than upper; longest ray equaling length of the head; shortest caudal ray 24 in longest. Pectorals not reaching ventrals, 1?inhead. Both anal and dorsal fins preceded by a rudimentary spine, not } length of first true ray. Color translucent, with a distinct broad silvery stripe as wide as the eye, growing more diffuse at lower anterior edge, narrowing on caudal peduncle, and becoming fan-shaped on the base of caudal; tip of snout black; a distinct median band of black specks extending from tip of snout to base of caudal; no distinet black mark- ings on fins. Close to Stolephorus delicatissimus, but with larger head, wider lateral band, and greater number of dorsal and anal rays. Length 3 inches. Found in the Astillero at Mazatlan; not very abundant. (Named for Mr. Norman Bishop Scofield, 1» member of the Hopkins expedition to Sinaloa.) Stolephorus scofieldi, JORDAN & CULVER, Fishes of Sinaloa, 410, 1895, Mazatlaa, Mexico- (Type, No. 2941, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Hopkins Exped. .o Sinaloa.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2810 737(b). STOLEPHORUS ASTILBE, Jordan & Rutter. Head 44 in length; depth 4; to 5. D. 12; A. 19 to 22; eye 3} in head; pectoral 14; base of anal 14. Body rather elongate, not greatly com- pressed; edge of belly moderately sharp; head sharp; snout projecting beyond lower jaw, shorter than diameter of eye; tip of lower jaw reach- ing a little past anterior edge of orbit; maxillary reaching gill opening, its end tapering to a sharp point; eye longer than snout, nearly 2 in post- orbital part of head; gill rakers } eye; a slight keel on top of head. Origin of dorsal midway between base of caudal and eye; scales caducous. Translucent, head silvery; sides without lateral band; a dark spot on top of head; back with black points. This species is similar to Stolephorus brownii, but more slender, head shorter, and lateral silvery stripe want- ing. Length 3 inches. Jamaica. Numerous specimens obtained. (a, not; 6réA (7, shining.) Stolephorus astilbe, JORDAN & Rurrer, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1897, 95, Jamaica. (Type, No. 4854, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Joseph Seed Roberts.) 737(c). STOLEPHORUS ROBERTSI, Jordan & Rutter. Head 3 in length; depth 4. D. 14; A. 25; seales about 35; eye 4 in head; pectoral 24; base of anal 1%; caudal 1}. Body deep, strengly com- pressed, abdomen compressed to an edge, head large, compressed, the snout rather sharp, projecting beyond lower jaw, a little shorter than eye; cheek triangular; opercle large; distance from lower angle of cheek to edge of opercle equal to distance from same point to posterior edge of eye; maxillary short, not reaching root of mandible, its end rounded; lower jaw not reaching beyond anterior edge of orbit; gill rakers longer than eye, as long as orbit. Origin of dorsal midway between base of caudal and front of eye; scales caducous. Color translucent; head silvery, punctu- late above; a silvery lateral band nearly as broad as eye; caudal with dark points, other fins colorless. This species seems to be related to Stolephorus opercularis, but the lateral band is distinct and the opercle is shorter. Jamaica; only the type, 2 inches long, known. (Named for Rev. Joseph Seed Roberts, of Kingston, Jamaica, who collected the type specimen. ) Stolephorus robertsi, JORDAN & RUTTER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1897, 95, Jamaica. (Type, No. 4853, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.) Page 449. Anchovia can not be maintained as a distinct genus. The name must be placed as a synonym of Stolephorus. Page 450. Add: 741(a). CETENGRAULIS ENGYMEN, Gilbert & Pierson, new species. Head 3 to 3.3; depth 4 to4.9; eye 4 in head. D. 14 or 15; A. 20 to 23; B. 7 (9); vertebrie 41. Body compressed, fusiform, not so deep as in C. mysticetus or C. edentulus. The dorsal and ventral outlines being about equally and regularly curved in the larger specimens; in the smaller speci- mens the ventral contour is more nearly straight. Belly trenchant, but 2316 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. not carinate nor serrate; caudal peduncle moderate, its depth being con- tained 1.5 times in its length. Head similar to C. mysticetus; the snout longer, contained 5.5 to 7 times in head, 14 times in eye (the snout contained 8 to 9 times in head in C. mysticetus). Both jaws bear minute teeth, those on the maxillary largest. Branchiostegal membranes united for only 3 to ¢ Of the distance between tip of mandible and mandibular articulation, wholly free from the isthmus. Tip of mandible directly beneath the anterior border of orbit. Gill rakers long, ;3; diameter of eye, 20 to 30 on the upper limb, 25 to 30 on the lower limb; in 5 examples as follows: 25 + 30, 27 + 25, 30 + 26, (23 + 29 to 20 + 25), 25-30. The origin of the dorsal is midway between base of median candal rays and a point varying between front and middle of the eye. Insertion of anal below the poste- rior fourth or third of the dorsal, its length equaling the distance from the posterior border of the eye to insertion of pectoral. The pectoral is short, 2} to 24 in head, failing to reach the insertion of the ventrals by 3 or nearly 3 its length. Caudal deeply forked, its median rays 24 to 3 times in head. Color uniformly silvery with a distinct, well-defined lateral sil- very band extending from upper angle of gill opening to base of caudal, its greatest width equaling the diameter of orbit, becoming narrower on caudal peduncle. This species differs from C. mysticetus in the much nar- rower union of the gill membranes, the less numerous gill rakers, and in the longer snout. Length 1} to 2} inches. Panama Bay. Not rare. (Gilbert & Pierson.) (éyyvs, near; 6/777, membrane.) 2 Page 451. Lycengraulis has the teeth large and somewhat unequal, but none of them is properly described as “ canine-like.” Page 459. Add: 229(a). ERICARA, Gill & Townsend. Ericara, GILL and TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232 (salmonea). Alepocephalids with small, perfectly smooth, imbricated cycloid scales, wide cranium, projecting snout, deeply cleft mouth, uniserial and acrodont teeth on vomer and anterior portion of palatines, and dorsal and anal of normal extent and opposite each other. Bering Sea. (épz, an intensive particle; xapa, head.) 753(a). ERICARA SALMONEA, Gill & Townsend. D.17; A. 24. Maxillary extending to vertical of posterior border of orbit; head large; length 8}; depth 5; width 44. Bering Sea; only the type known, a large example in good condition. Ericara salmonea, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, at Albatross Station 3603, in 1,771 fathoms. (Type, No. 48769, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) Page 465. Dr. G. A. Boulenger has kindly sent us the following note regarding the types of Coregonus richardsonii which are in the British Museum: I have examined the types (dry) of Coregonus richardsonii. There are about 20 gill rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch, the longest 4 the diameter of the eye. The maxillary extends to below anterior border of eye, and its length is 4 times in length of Jordan and Evermann,—lishes of North America, 2817 head as stated by Giinther, therefore a little shorter than in C. clupeiformis. Tongue with 4 series of teeth, as in C. labradoricus. It seems to agree best with CO. nelsoni (description), but has fewer scales in lateral line. In short, I can not identify CO. richard- sonii with any of the forms known to me. Page 471. After Argyrosomus lauretiw add: 768(a). ARGYROSOMUS ALASCANUS, Scofield, new species. Head 44; depth about 4. D. 12; A. 12; scales 10-85-9. Eye a little shorter than snout, 5 in head, 1} in interorbital space. Head wedge- shaped, the upper and lower profiles straight and meeting with a sharp angle at the snout. Viewed from above the snout is blunt, almost square, with the narrow, pale rounded tip of the lower jaw slightly projecting. Mouth oblique; the distance from tip of snout to tip of maxillary is equal to the distance from tip of snout to center of pupil; the maxillary from its anterior articulation is contained 3} in the head, its width 3 in its length, its upper anterior edge closing under the preorbital; mandible 24 in head, its articulation with the quadrate bone beneath the posterior edge of the eye; width of supplemental bone a little more than 4} width of max- illary. Preorbital broad, its greatest width equaling 2 its length or diam- eter of pupil; width of supraorbital equals 7 its length. Gill rakers 12 to 14 + 21 to 23, long and slender, the longest { diameter of the eye. The tongue, vomer, and palatines without teeth. Distance from tip of snout to nape equaling 4+ the distance from nape to the front of the dorsal or 2 length of head. Adipose fin large; ventral scale } length of fin; longest dorsal ray 14 in head; longest anal ray 2 in head; the pectorals reach “more than + to the ventrals; the ventrals reach } to vent; the caudal is forked for a little more than 4 its length. Color dusky above, silvery beneath; the dorsal, adipose fin, tips of caudal rays and upper side of anterior pectoral rays dusky; the rest pale. This species appears nearest related to Argyrosomus artedi, from which it differs chiefly in the number of gillrakers.* Length about a foot. Northern Alaska near Bering Straits; 3 specimens known, 1 from salt water at Point Hope, the others from fresh water at Grantley Harbor. Argyrosomus alascanus, SCOFIELD, in JORDAN, Rept. U. S. Fur Seal Investigations, 1898, Point Hope and Grantley Harbor, Alaska. (Coll. Scofield & Seale.) Page 482. Beginning with line 10 from the bottom, the statement that the small form of the redfish has been traced from the mouth of the Columbia to Wallowa Lake is not true. The remark was meant to apply to the large form. The question as to whether the small form descends to the sea is still unsettled. *'The fin formule, ete., of these 3 specimens are as follows: Locality. | Length. | Gill rakers. Dorsal. | Anal. | Seales. Grantley Harbor......-.--. 8hin. | 14423] 14+ 22 12 | 14 88 WOM eee wren teee. 9 in. | 14-299] 12) 99 12 | 12 87 Point Hope, Alaska....-.-.. Alb sine Le tro te |e tat 12 12 85 | 2818 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Page 492: 779. SALMO MYKISS, Walbaum. (MyYKIss; SOMKA; KAMCHATKA SALMON TROUT.) By an unfortunate error the writers have heretofore used the name Salmo mykiss for the Cutthroat Trout of the Northwest. It was known that the Cutthroat is the only true or black-spotted trout in Alaska, and it was assumed that its range extended along the coast to all streams in Bering Sea. But our recent explorations have shown that it probably does not occur in Bering Sea, nor is there any undoubted record to the north of Wrangell. If it reaches Kadiak or Sitka or Prince William Sound, it is only rarely, and the streams of the Aleutian Islands and the east coast of Bering Sea contain no species of Salmo. The name Salmo mykiss must, therefore, be restricted to the Kamchatkan species, while the species of the American rivers heretofore called Salmo mykiss must stand as Salmo clarkii. We have, therefore, studied with great interest a speci- men of the genuine Salmo mykiss, the first on record since the times of Pal- las, Krasheninnikof, and Steller. The specimen, an adult male, 960 mm. long, was taken by Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, September 15, 1897, in the Ka- lakhtyrka River, near Petropaulski, Kamchatka. It was called ‘‘Sonka” or ‘‘Somka” by the natives. It is said to occur rarely and to be found in but few rivers, the Kalakhtyrka among them. It is considered to be superior as food to other Salmonidw, except the King Salmon (0. tschaw- ytscha). Head 4 in length; depth 44. D. 11. A. 10 (developed rays); scales 125-24. Mouth large, the maxillary 1# in head, being somewhat produced at tip; vomerine teeth few, evidently deciduous, only 3 being present. Eye 84} in head; snout 23. Pectoral 2 in head, longest anal ray 22, Anal fin high and somewhat faleate; ventrals inserted under ante- rior third of dorsal, reaching about halfway to vent; adipose fin over posterior end of anal; caudal lunate. Color dark grayish above, sides silvery; a few small, faint, round black spots on back and on top of head, these sparse and obscure; a few faint spots on base of dorsal, and some on adipose dorsal; spots on caudal small, but distinct, especially in middle of fin; no trace of red at throat, in example preserved in formalin, and doubtless none in life. The specimen is now a half skin, in good condition. The following measurements were taken from the fresh specimen by Dr. Stejneger: Millimeters. Totalilen gti s feels nc Se ee Ee eae Se ee Senne ee eee 960 Totaldength without caudals:2 22:02 2252 hiss sabe acne = sete ae scent oe erestes eater eterna ote 853 LGA 27a ats Gra ope siecle lw a oitinis ais a aes apse is eieaune see eee ie SSE EERE SRE En een ee eee 215 Miplotmose toranterior endofidorsal ss--seeseaes oes eoe nero ee eee nee eee eee 400 encthcofbase of dorsal + 21 32502-1btcjsmaeson ee eee oer ee eee eee eee eae ene 100 Posterior end of dorsal to anterior end of adipose fin.--------..----.---------------- 167 Lengthiotibassjotiadipose fin:. 5225-225 2 lis ssnceceece nies stan eee seat eee eee ee eee 17 Posteriorendjofadiposesto caudal... 25-- ccoscse see ate a uce ete ee eee eet e eee 81 Posteriorendsofanalito caudal o.5.2 fos ck sk kee cocs sn acoee socee tee oo ne ee eeee sees. 81 Gengthiot basevbandlt 3-5 2b os ajc 2 Gs<)- Soe soa ans 2 tee ee eee Meee eee eee ee 71 Anterior end of anal to posterior end of ventral..............--+----+--------------- 165 Heightiofbodyznutroniiondorsale a. ce. 2 Sees aes = nee aeeee seine omiee eee eens 195 Height of body at posterior end of adipose and anal fins ...........2-.-..0+-+eeeeeee 105 Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2819 Millimeters. Heihpompody ati berinning of caudal’: s 22 o.sfep ae ecise nee cceeEmcacka- toc baekcee 77 Ventrals under anterior third of dorsal; adipose fin over posterior end of anal; ven- trals reach about 4 distance to vent; 24 scales in transverse series from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 125 scales in lateral line. Color silvery gray on back, black spots obsolete. This species is evidently a close ally of the Atlantic salmon, belonging to the restricted subgenus Salmo. From Salmo salar it differs in the slightly larger mouth and rather different coloration and in very little else. Mykiss, PENNANT, Arctie Zool., Intro., 126,i1792, Kamchatka; after KRASHENINNIKOR, etc. Salmo mykiss, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 59, 1792, Kamchatka; based on Mykiss of PENNANT. Salmo penshinensis, PALLAS, Zool. Rosso-A siat., 11, 1811, Gulf of Penshin. Salmo purpuratus, PALLAS, Zool. Rosso—Asiat., tf, 374, 1811, Bering Sea. The correct names of the American Cutthroat Trout and its numerous known varieties are the following: 780. SALMO CLARKII (Richardson). 780(a). SALMO CLARKIT LEWISI (Girard). 780(b). SALMO CLARKIT GIBBSIL (Suckley). 780 (ce). SALMO CLARKIL HENSHAWLI (Gill & Jordan). 780(d). SALMO CLARKIL VIRGINALIS (Girard). 780 (e). SALMO CLARKILT SPILURUS (Cope). 780(f). SALMO CLARKIT PLEURITICUS (Cope). 780(g). SALMO CLARKIL BOUVIERL (Bendire). 780(h). SALMO CLARKIL STOMIAS (Cope). 786(i). SALMO CLARKIT MACDONALDI, Jordan & Evermann. Page 500. Before Salmo irideus insert the following: 781(b). SALMO GAIRDNERI BEARDSLEEI, Jordan & Seale. (BLUEBACK TROUT OF LAKE CRESCENT.) Head 3! in length to base of caudal; depth about 4; eye 42 in head, 12 in snout; scales 24-130-20, 130 cross series, those in front of dorsal numer- ous, about 70 if counted along median line, 60 if the rows along upper side are counted; dorsal with 10 branched rays; anal with 11 branched rays; branchiostegals 11; gill rakers 8-+ 15, rather long and slender, the longest nearly §; in length, 7 to 9 in maxillary. Head pointed; mouth rather large; maxillary extending to hinder margin of eye, 14 in head, with about 20 teeth; snout3? in head; preorbital very narrow, the maxil- lary almost touching the orbit; posterior suborbitals shorter than eye, about 6in head; opercle not very broad, equal to eye, its free part 4% in head; interorbital width 3? in head, equal to snout; several large teeth along margin of tongue; no hyoid teeth; teeth on vomer in zigzag series. Origin of dorsal in middle of the length, margin slightly concave, the first ray 12 times the last, the last ray being pointed, slightly greater than base, 2,5; in head. Origin of anal midway between origin of dorsal and base of caudal, margin straight, the tip of the last ray slightly exserted ; anterior rays 3} times posterior, and equal to base of fin, 24 in head. Adi- 2820 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. pose fin high and slender, situated above or anterior to end of anal. Pectorals 1} in head; yentrals under middle of dorsal, 24in head. Caudal broad, nearly truncate, the middle portions abruptly lunate when spread open, with pointed angles, each lobe being somewhat convex on its edge; longest rays 14 in head. Least depth of caudal peduncle 2? in head. Pyloric exca 50 to 60, short and thick, the longest about 3 in head. Color in spirits very dark blue above, sides abruptly brighter, with many scales abruptly silvery; below white, lower jaw white, its margin dusky ; cheeks below suborbitals very dark; sides, top of head, dorsal, and caudal fins spotted, the spots all very small; pectorals and ventrals nearly color- less, without spots, and slightly dusky; adipose fin with 2 spots; tips of lower fins faintly tinged with yellowish. Two specimens, each 16 inches long, Nos. 1861 and 1862, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. They were taken on March 12 and 16, 1896, in Lake Crescent, by Mrs. George E. Mitchell, of Fairholme, and sent to us by Mr. M. J. Carrigan, of Port Angeles. A third specimen shows the following characters: Head 33; depth 3%. D. 12; A. 12 branched rays; branchiostegals 11 or 12; scales 23-123-26, 64 before dorsal; snout 27; eye 73; maxillary 1% in head, its depth 8 in its length. Body robust, little compressed; head large; maxillary moderate, extending beyond eye; opercle moderate, its width 53in head, Last ray of dorsal pointed. Caudal subtruncate, lunate mesially, each lobe some- what convex, pointed at tip. Caudal peduncle short and thick. Series of vomerine teeth long, in double row. Color above dark green, with black spots, which are small and sparse on body, extending to below lat- eral line; many small spots on head, dorsal, and caudal; spots not more numerous behind than before; sides and belly bright silvery; no red on lower jaw; a faint pink shade along lateral line; pectorals colorless except the upper ray; ventrals and anal colorless; flesh pale; gill rakers removed. This specimen, male, was taken in Lake Crescent. Length 264 inches; weight in life 14 pounds. This specimen differs from a large gairdneri most in the large scales. In addition the head is much larger, and the body deeper. A fourth, still larger, specimen (No. 1865, L. 8S. Jr. Univ.), an old spent male, 27 inches long, has been still later received. It shows the following characters: D.11; A.12. Head 32in length; gillrakers 8 +12, of medium size, rather broad but sharp pointed; opercle 34 in head; eye 7 in head; branchiostegals 11; maxillary long, reaching beyond eye, 13 in head, its width 9} in length. A double row of sharp teeth extending to within a short distance of end, where they are replaced by a single row of slightly larger teeth; teeth on tongue rather large; no teeth on hyoid; teeth on vomer in zigzag series. Scales 137-26. This specimen, a spent male, has the flabby muscles and slimy, half-concealed scales of the spent male sal- mon. The dark dots are very numerous and small and show very dis- tinetly on back and sides, as also on head and fins; there is a dull red lateral band on head and body—this is about an inch broad, its outlines diffuse; a black blotch on cheek; maxillary dusky with a red blotch toward its tip; lower jaw and branchiostegals dusky; pectoral, ventral, and anal dark; back dark green, belly dusky. Jordan and L:vermann., fishes of North America, 2821 The following account of the life coloration of Salmo beardsleei is given by Mr. George E. Mitchell: The Blueback Trout caught in Lake Crescent are on the back a deep dark-blue ultra- marine color of a peculiar transparency, dotted with small round black spots from the size of a pin’s head to a little larger. The 2 fins on the top of the back are a dark smoky color, also dotted as on back end, and are transparent. The tail is the color and transparency with dots also—same as the top fins. The side fins and the bottom fins are dead white and sometimes faintly tinged with a pinkish hue at the edges; the belly is white. Looking at the fish sideways the sides of the fish show the scales to be irides- cent, the red flash predominating. The head has very much the polish of mother-of-pearl around the lower jaws and jowls, red and pale-blue colors predominating; under the eyes a few black spots; on top of head the blue much darker than on top of back — so dark, in fact. that the black spots on it look blacker than the rest. The nearer the shore these fish are caught the lighter the blue on back, the fish often having an impression of the surroundings distinctly marked on them. The following notes are added by Admiral Beardslee: HABITS. The Blueback is a deep-water dweller; those taken by me in late October were caught at depths varying from 30 to 50 feet, on large spoons. They fought hard until brought near the surface, then gave up, and when landed were found putted up with air. Speci- mens taken in spring and put in pools in mountain streams with other trout died very soon, while the others lived. The trout caught by Mr. Mitchell, in March, was taken near bottom, by a large spoon, and it is not on record that at so early a date one has previously been caught. FLESH. Light lemon color before cooking; devoid of the oily salmon flavor, and very excellent; whitening by cooking. OVA. October 28. The eggs in the large fish were in individual size, and in size of cluster much smaller than those of a salmon of the same size. The following extracts from a letter from Mr. Carrigan, dated Port Angeles, April 30, are of much interest: * * * Answering your direct inquiries: The Beardslees and Crescents are readily distinguishable, and can always be told apart. ‘There are no red spots at the points indi- cated on the Crescent trout—no markings to suggest the Cutthroat trout. (Named for Admiral L. A. Beardslee, U. 8S. N., in recognition of his active and intelligent interest in American game fishes. ) Salmo gairdnert deardsleei, JORDAN & SEALE, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. v1, 1896, 209, pl. 28, Crescent Lake, Clallam County, Washington. (Coll. Mrs. George E. Mitchell. Type, No. 1864, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.) 780(c). SALMO GAIRDNERI CRESCENTIS, Jordan & Beardslee. (SPECKLED TROUT OR LAKE CRESCENT.) Head 34 in length to base of caudal; depth 5; exposed portion of eye 6 in head, 1% in snout; scales 32-151-34, 151 cross series, 83 in front of dorsal; dorsal with 10 branched rays, anal with 11; branchiostegals 10; gill rakers 6-++ 11, counting rudiments, these very short and thick, the longest but ;3; inch in length, 184 in maxillary; mouth large, maxillary extending much beyond eye, 1} in head, with about 20 teeth; tongue with 1) OO bo Lo Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, the usual teeth; teeth on vomer in zigzag series; hyoid region of tongue without teeth. Snout 3} in head; preorbital very narrow, not so wide as maxillary adjacent to it; the posterior suborbitals longer than eye, 54 in head; opercle and subopercle very narrow, scarcely as wide as eye, the free part of opercle 64 in head; interorbital width 4} in head. Origin of dorsal in middle of length of body, its margin straight, anterior 24 times posterior, and slightly longer than base, 24 in head; last ray of dorsal pointed. Origin of anal midway between origin of dorsal and base of caudal, margin irregular, anterior rays 3 times length of posterior and equal to base of fin, 2? in head. Adipose fin high and slender, situated immediately behind anal; pectoral 14 in head; ventrals under middle of dorsal, 2? in head; caudal broad, slightly emarginate, nearly truncate when spread, its corners not rounded, its longest rays 14 in head; least depth of caudal peduncle 32 in head. Pyloric ceca about 51, the longest about 12 in head, and very slender. Color in alcohol, very dark steel blue above, becoming paler below, nearly white anteriorly on belly, where only the margins of the scales are punctate; no silvery anywhere; lower jaw dusky, a large black blotch on cheek between suborbital and premaxillary; sides, back, top of head, dorsal and candal fins with few small dark spots; pectorals dusky, slightly spotted at base; anal slightly dusky, withont spots; ventrals dusky with a few spots in middle; adipose fin with a few spots; lower fins all tipped with pale, probably yellowish red in life; spots all very small and faint, not confined to posterior part of body. The specimen before us, No. 1863, L. 8. Jr. Univ., is a male, 18+ inches long. It was taken at Fairholme on Lake Crescent, Clallam County, Washington, March 12, 1896, by Mrs. G. E. Mitchell, of Fairholme. (Named for Crescent Lake, Washington, the type locality.) Salmo gairdneri crescentis, JORDAN & BEARDSLEE, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. v1, 1896, 207, pl. 22, Crescent Lake, Clallam County, Washington. (Coll. Mrs. George E. Mitchell. Type, No. 1863, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus.) Page 504. Under Cristivomer for ‘‘Eastern North America” read ‘“Northern North America.” The genus occurs also in the lakes of Alaska and British Columbia. Page 508. Before Salvelinus alpinus insert: 784(a). SALVELINUS KUNDSCHA, Pallas. This seems to be a species very distinct from S. malma. A specimen in the United States National Museum (No. 33814) from Petropaulski has been described by Bean & Bean as follows: Similar in form to S. malma, but the body stouter and less elongate. Head 43 to 4% (4+ in the Tareinsky Bay specimen); depth 44 to 43; eye 54 in head, 2 in interorbital, or 13 in snout; maxillary reaching to or beyond vertical through posterior edge of orbit; upper jaw nearly 4 length of head; lower jaw slightly shorter than upper. Hyoid teeth feebly devel- oped. Scales small, 36-195, 122 pores. Fins all short; origin of dorsal about midway between tip of snout and base of upper caudal lobe, the base of the fin nearly as long as the longest ray, or $ as long as head, its Jordan and Fevermann, fishes of North America, +2823 upper margin very slightly concave, the last ray 2 in the longest; adipose fin over end of anal, its width about 4 its length, which is about equal to eye; pectoral 7 to 7; in body length; ventral under middle of dorsal, not nearly reaching vent, its length 2 in head; caudal emarginate, its middle rays 4 the outer; anal scarcely concave when expanded. Pyloric ceca 22; branchiostegals 12; gill rakers 6-++10, the longest less than } eye. Color bluish gray above, whitish below; the sides with numerous large white spots, some of which are § as large as eye. (Bean & Bean.) This species 1s said to be common from Kamchatka northward, but only 6 specimens are actually extant, 4 obtained at Petropaulski by Dr. Leon- hard Stejneger and 1 by Col. N. Grebnitski, and now in the United States National Museum, and 1 obtained from Tareinsky Bay by Mr. Gerald E. H. Barrett-Hamilton and now in the museum of Stanford University. Salmo kundscha, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., U1, 250, 1811, Kamchatka. Salmo leweomeenis, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 11, 250, 1811, Kamchatka. Salmo curilus, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., m1, 251, 1811, Kuril Islands. The true Salvelinus malma is very common at Unalaska, Kadiak, Kom- andorski Islands, and Petropaulski. Specimens from these various places are all alike. Head 4} to 45; depth 4} to 4%. Spots grayish, tinged with red, much smaller than eye. Caudal well forked; lower fins short; pec- toral reaching halfway to vent. Hyoid teeth present. The head seems much shorter than in examples from the United States. The dwarf form from the little brook (Pyramid Creek) at the head of Captains Harbor agrees fully in form with large examples taken in the sea about Unalaska. The small ones are brighter in color and mature at 4 to 6inches. The fourm occurring throughout the northwestern United States, and described on page 508 as Salvelinus malma, should apparently be regarded as a species distinct from S. malma, and would stand as— 784(a). SALVELINUS PARKETI (Suckley). Page 515. Add this footnote to Salvelinus oquassa marstoni: A specimen of Salmo marstoni sent me some days ago indicates a more distinct species than was at first supposed.* This is the most slender of our charrs, apparently the swift- est. The male is gorgeous; brilliant red extends upon the back and onto the dorsal and caudal fins as well as upon the other fins. Though quite distinct, the species is nearer to S. oguassa than any other. (Garman, in lit., March 24, 1895.) Page 524. After Osmerus dentex add: 794(a). OSMERUS ALBATROSSIS, Jordan & Gilbert, new species. (IKXADIAK SMELT.) Head 44; depth 54. D. 2, 10; A. 1, 20; scales 75; maxillary 23;; eye 54; snout 34; mandible 2; pectorals 13; ventrals 13; dorsal 13; caudal 12. Body elongate, moderately compressed; back elevated at nape so that anterior profile is somewhat depressed between and behind eyes; interorbital space 3% in head. Mouth large, lower jaw heavy, ‘strongly projecting; opercle with concentric striw; pectorals moderate; ventrals long; dorsal high; anal fin low, very long, its longest ray 2? in > head; caudal moderate, well forked; ventrals inserted before dorsal. 2824. Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Scales small, deciduous, those on back still smaller; lateral line distinct. Gill rakers long and slender, about 12 below angle of arch, longest about as long as eye. Tongue with moderate teeth, the anterior 2 to 4 small hooked canines; upper jaw with small sharp teeth similar to those in lower jaw, none of them canine-like; small teeth on palatines and ptery- goids; vomer with 2 very small canines scarcely fang-like. Color blu- ish above with bright reflections; scales margined with dark points; sides silvery with golden and coppery luster; inside of gill openings dusky; fins white, somewhat dotted. About Kadiak Island, Alaska. Two speci- mens caught in the upward haul of a dredge in Shelikof Straits, north of Karluk, Kadiak Island, Alaska, at Albatross Station No. 3675. The depth of the dredge haul was 109 fathoms, but these fishes were no doubt taken from near the surface. One specimen is 8, the other about 7 inches in length. The species is allied to Osmerus dentex, the Rainbow Smelt, but differs in the extremely long anal and in the very weak vomerine and lingual canines. The flesh is firm, as in O. dentex. (Named for the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross.) Osmerus albatrossis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur. Seal Invest., MS. 1898, Shelikof Straits, north of Karluk, Alaska. Mesopus should replace Hypomesus. It is originally characterized on page 14 (not 168) Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, Hypomesus on page 15, The ventrals are inserted below front of dorsal in Mesopus as in allied genera, and there are 8 branchiostegals as in allied groups. The feeble teeth distinguish Mesopus from Osmerus. The statement that the stomach is cecal in Argentinide is true of a few genera only, and the character has no high systematic value. In Mesopus pretiosus and Osmerus dentex, the stomach is siphonal, as in Salmonide. In Thaleichthys pacificus, however, the stomach forms a blind sac. The small number of pyloric ceca and the peculiar structure of the ovaries remain to define Argentinide as a family distinct from Salmonida. Page 525. ‘To the synonymy of Hypomesus olidus add: Osmerus oligodon, IKNER. The species ranges south to Amur River. Page 530. After Bathylagus pacificus add: 804(a). BATHYLAGUS BOREALIS, Gilbert. Head 4,5 to base of caudal; depth 52; eye 24 in head; snout 23 in eye. D.8; A.19; ventral 8; pectoral 8. Scales in about 40 rows, judging from the sears; head scaleless. Interorbital width grooved, the groove widen- ing posteriorly, opening onto the flat occipital region, which is not swollen. Width of cartilaginous portion of interorbital space 4 orbit; including the thin membranaceous plates which overarch the orbits, the interorbital width is } orbit. The anterior profile of snout declines gently, bringing the mesial portion of premaxillaries on a level with lower margin of pupil. Distance from tip of snout to end of maxillary shghtly exceed- ing length of snout, 2} in orbit. Opercle with 2 strong ridges diverging downward and backward from behind the eye. Front of dorsal midway Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2825 between front of snout and adipose fin; base of dorsal contained 3} times in length of head. Ventrals inserted under posterior portion of dorsal. Free portion of adipose fin very long and narrow, rising above the base of the second and third anal rays before the last, its tip reaching rudimen- tary caudal rays when depressed; anal fin rather long, the base 12 in head, the vent immediately before it. Length of tail much exceeding head, 33 in total length without caudal. Uniform blackish brown on sides, the head and ventral region blue black. Differing from B. pacificus in its much greater depth, longer tail, longer anal fin, and flat occiput. Length 132mm. Bering Sea, in deep water north of Unalaska; 2 specimens known. (borealis, northern. ) Bathylagus borealis, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (Dee. 9, 1896), 402, Bering Sea at Albatross Station 3327, north of Unalaska, in 322 fathoms. 804(b). BATHYLAGUS MILLERI, Jordan & Gilbert, new species. Distinguished by the posterior insertion of the dorsal fin and the greatly swollen occipital region provided with a median keel. The type is in very poor condition, the skin being largely denuded from head and body. No traces remain of the scales, the pectoral and ventral fins are lost and the others greatly mutilated. Enough remains, however, to demonstrate that it is distinct from all known species and to furnish characters by which the species may be recognized. The interorbital space is converted into a very deep channel by 2 vertical thin lamelle which arise on either side, and mark off the narrow interorbital space from the contigu- ous supraocular areas. From the base of these vertical lamellie arise externally the thin supraocular plates, which extend outward and upward ‘and roof over the orbit. A deep narrow channel is included between the lamellie and the plates. The floor of the interorbital groove is raised mesially into a sharp ridge, which is continuous anteriorly with the ethmoidal ridge and posteriorly with a ridge running along middle of occiput. On anterior half of occiput this ridge is a high strong keel; posteriorly, it becomes lower and rounded. The occipital region is swollen and prominent, much higher than the interorbital space. It is bounded Jaterly by 2 strong rounded ridges which originate at the upper posterior margin of the orbit and converge rapidly backward. The occipital cartilage is heavy and strong, not yielding readily to pres- sure. The width of interorbital space is | orbit; the distance between outer margins of orbital plates above middle of eyes is ? diameter of eye. The opercle is marked with delicate striz diverging downward and backward, but is without strong ridges. The front of dorsal is midway between adipose fin and gill opening, slightly nearer base of caudal than tip of snout. The fin contains 8 rays. Anal badly mutilated, containing at least 24 rays. The mutilated condition of the type will not permit further description. Length 155mm. Cortez Banks off San Diego, Cali- fornia, in deep water; known only from the type taken by the Albatross at Station 3627, in 776 fathoms. (Named for Walter Miller, professor of classical philology in Leland Stanford Jr. University, in recognition of his intelligent interest in zoological nomenclature. ) 3030 100 2826 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Page 531. In key under h, for “incomplete” read ‘‘ complete.” Page 537. We can notseparate Synodus jenkinsi from Synodus scituliceps, and the former name should probably be abandoned. Page 555. Macrostoma angustidens and related species need further study. Thesynonymy and application of the names angustidens, elongatus, and resplendens are uncertain. Macrostoma brachychir is probably a good species. In M, caudispinosum the dorsal has 20, not 36, rays. Page 580. The generic name Bonapartia, Goode & Bean, is preoccu- pied in ornithology. lor its use in fishes the name Zaphotias is proposed, taking the same species (pedaliota) as type. The genus and its species would then stand as follows: 274. ZAPHOTIAS, Goode & Bean, new generic name. (Zaphotias, having organs which emit light; Ca, intensive particle; as, light. ) 872. ZAPHOTIAS PEDALIOTUS (Goode & Bean). Page 582. Cyclothone microdon occurs also in Bering Sea in very deep water. Page 586. Astronesthes is from XOTPOY, star; 2657)s, vestment. Page 594. Plagyodus (Steller) should probably supersede Alepisaurus, in which case the family becomes Plagyodontida. Page 603. Sternoptyx diaphana is common off both the Japanese and Hawaiian islands. Page 608. For Aldrorandia, Goode & Bean, substitute the earlier name Halosauropsis, Collett. Hallosauropsis, COLLETT, Camp. Sci. Hirondelle, June, 1896, 143 (macrochir). Page 618. Add: 916(a). MACDONALDIA ALTA, Gill & Townsend. D. 32; A. 31 to end of dorsal, 52 spines, 125 rays. Body comparatively high, greatest height equal to 3} the distance between vent and tip of snout; pectoral fin with its root twice as far from upper cleft of branchial aperture as from the lateral line, and much nearer to the posterior end of operculum than to lateral line. Bering Sea; only thetype known. (altus, deep.) Macdonaldia alta, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232, Bering Sea, Lat. N. 54° 54’, Long. W. 168° 59’, Albatross Station 3604, Aug. 13, 1895 in 1,401 fathoms. (Type, No. 48774, U.S. Nat.Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 916(b). MACDONALDIA LONGA, Gill & Townsend. D. 33; A. 26 to opposite end of dorsal, 55 spines, 111 rays. Body com- paratively slender, with the greatest height about 4 distance between vent and tip of snout; pectoral fin with its root 3 times as far from upper cleft of branchial aperture as from lateral line, and very much nearer Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2827 lateral line than end of operculum. Bering Sea; only the type known. (longus, long.) Macdonaldia longa, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X1, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232, Bering Sea, Albatross Station 3607, 1895,in goo fathoms. (Type, No. 48775, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) Page 627. Lucius vermiculatus occurs also in Texas, specimens having been obtained in both the Trinity and Neches rivers near Palestine, by Evermann & Scovell. Page 632. Aplocheilus— Apocheilichthys— Haplocheilus = Panchaz, is a genus distinct from Fundulus, and should be erased from the synonymy of the latter. The genus is defined by the flat, much produced snout, and the long anal fin. To the synonymy of Fundulus add: Plancterus, GARMAN, Monogr. Cyprinodonts, in Mem. M. C, Z., x1x, No. 1, 96, 1895 (kanse— zebrinus.) Page 635. In the key, under aa, the phrase “inhabiting mountain springs and brooks” applies only to Nos. 945 and 944. It should be transferred and made a part of s. Page 637. Fundulus punctatus and I. vinctus are wrongly placed by Garman in the synonymy of F’. parvipinnis. Page 638. Fundulus pallidus is placed by Garman in the synonymy of F. grandis, to which it bears but little resemblance. Page 639. To the synonymy of Fundulus majalis add: Hydrargyra formosa, STORER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1837, 76. Page 641. Tothesynonymy of Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus add : Hydrargyra ornata, LE SuEvuR, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, 1817, 131, Delaware River, near Philadelphia. (Coll. G. Ord.) Garman regards Fundulus grandis as a good species. We have recently compared specimens from Cape Cod with others from Tampa, and reach the same conclusion. Page 642. Before lundulus ocellaris insert: 932(c). FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS BADIUS, Garman. (This is the form found about Grand Manan, named but not character- ized by Garman.) Garman refers Fundulus ocellaris to the synonymy of Fundulus grandis, which is very doubtful. Page 643. Garman refers Fundulus fonticola also to the synonymy of F. grandis, which is not correct. He also wrongly regards Fundulus ber- mude as a variety of heteroclitus. Page 644. Fundulus robustus is referred, probably by error, by Garman to the synonymy of F. labialis, which is certainly incorrectly made a variety of fF’. parvipinnis. Page 645. Garman refers Fundulus zebra, zebrinus, and extensus to the synonymy of Fundulus adinia, all of which is certainly wrong. Such ref- 2828 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. erences defy all our knowledge of the geographic distribution of these fishes. For example, F. extensus is a brackish-water fish of Cape San Lueas; I’. zebra, which is the basis of /’. zebrinus, is a fish of the mountain streams of New Mexico, Colorado, and northeastward, while F. adinia is found near the mouth of the Rio Grande. There is no doubt that the orig- inal Fundulus zebra is the species called zebrinus by us and kansw by Gar- man. Itcame from some point between ‘‘ Fort Union and Fort Defiance.” In other words, it came from the head waters of the Canadian River or the Rio Grande. No species of this type has been recorded from the upper Rio Grande, but the species called zebrinus and kansw is in all the upper waters of the Arkansas basin, to which the Canadian River belongs, and doubtless in the streams above Fort Union. Page 646. To the synonymy of Fundulus zebrinus add: Funduluz kanse, GARMAN, Monogr. Cyprinodouts, 103, pl. 2, fig. 10, 1895, Kansas. This species (IF. zebrinus) is rightly made the type of a new subgenus, or possibly genus, Plancterus, by Garman. It has long, convoluted intes- tines and very small pharyngeals. Fundulus seminolis (subgenus Fontinus) has short intestines and coarse pharyngeals. Page 648. Iundulus stellifer is wrongly referred by Garman to the syn- onymy of I’. catenatus. Page 649. Fundulus lineatus is referred by Garman to the synonymy of F. sciadicus, which reference seems to be correct. Fundulus albolineatus, which Garman also refers to I’. sciadicus, seems to be a perfectly good species. It is certainly not I’. sciadicus. Garman refers Fundulus confluentus to the synonymy of I’, yrandis, which is probably not correct. Page 650. Garman’s reference of /undulus funduloides to the synonymy ‘of I’. grandis may be correct. The species called Fundulus dovii in the text is an Aplocheilus and should stand as: 968(a). APLOCHEILUS DOVII (Giinther). Garman recognizes Zygonectes as a distinct genus, but its boundaries are not easily defined. The description of Fundulus confluentus should be modified to include the following, taken from the type: Head 32; depth 43. D.11; scales 44 or fewer. A black spot on middle of membrane of last 3 dorsal rays. This species resembles F. diaphanus rather than I’, majalis. Fundulus ocellaris seems to be identical with /’. confluentus. Page 651. Garman refers Fundulus macdonaldi to the synonymy of F. sciadicus, which is probably correct, but the reference of I’. floripinnis to the same synonymy is certainly wrong. Page 652. Garman refers F. pulvereus to the synonymy of F. grandis, which is without warrant. Page 655. To the synonymy of Fundulus chrysotus add: Gambusia arlingtonia, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 118, Arlington River, Florida. (Type, No. 21308. Coll. Dr. Goode.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2829 Zyagonectes henshalli, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 237, San Sebastian River, Flor- ida. (Type, No. 23449. Coll. Dr. James A. Henshall.) To the synonymy of Fundulus cingulatus add: Zygonectes rubrifrons, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 237, San Sebastian River, Flor- ida. (Type, No. 23450. Coll. Dr. James A. Henshall.) Zygonectes auroguttatus, HAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 556, Westville, Florida. (Type, No. 37362. Coll. Mann & Davison.) An examination of a large amount of material recently collected in Flor- ida by Drs. Evermann and Kendall shows that the synonymy of these species should stand as indicated above. Examination of the type of Gambusia arlingtonia shows it to be the young of the form hitherto known as Z. henshalli, which, from an exami- nation of the type and other specimens, proves to be the female of /undu- lus chrysotus. The dorsal in Gambusia arlingtonia is not inserted so far back as the sixth anal ray, but is rather over the third or fourth. Both G. arlingtonia and Z. henshalli, agree with descriptions of F. chrysotus except in coloration. Both are females, as shown by form of anal fin. All speci- mens examined of the henshalli form are females, as shown in part by dis- section and by the form of the anal fin. All specimens examined of the form agreeing with descriptions of F. chrysotus prove to be males, as shown partly by dissection and by the form of the anal fin. Front series of teeth much enlarged in all; anal fin usually with 11 rays. The type of Z.rubrifrons differs from that of Z. henshalli in having a heavier head, really longer snout, mandible more oblique, giving the muzzle a truncated appearance, and the sloye of the back to the snout beginning farther forward. The type of Z. rubrifrons agrees with the description of F. cingulatus, except in the number of anal rays, there being 10 instead of 8, as given in the description, which is a redescription of the type of PF. cingulatus. Cuvier & Valenciennes, however, give 10 anal rays in the original descrip- tion. Specimens in the United States National Museum labeled Zygonectes cingulatus, from Pensacola, Florida, agree with the type of Z. rubrifrons, with the exception of 1 specimen, which has 11 anal rays. _ National Museum specimens collected by Dr. Shufeldt at New Orleans, labelled Zygonectes chrysotus, contain both the Z. henshalli and Z. chrysotus forms, i. e., those with pearly spots and no cross bars (females) and those with dark cross bars (males)—that is, male and female of Pundulus chry- sotus. Comparison of specimens collected at Tampa and Welaka, Florida, reveal 2 color forms. Most of those from Tampa have the heavier head, truncated muzzle, and outlines of F. cingulatus. The 2 color forms are those with dark cross bars, all males as shown by dissection and form of anal fin. and those with no cross bars and no pearly spots, which are all females. The majority of individuals have 10 anal rays each. Most of the Welaka specimens have more slender and pointed head, pre- orbital less deep, really shorter snout, and the curve of the body toward the snout beginning farther back than in the preceding, and the majority have each 11 anal rays. The 2 color forms represent the 2 sexes—females ~ with pearly spots and no cross bars, and males with dark cross bars and many with small brown spots. 285 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. While a few of the chysotus form are found in the Tampa collection, and a few of the cingulatus form with the Welaka lot, they can be easily dis- tinguished. A very few of the cingulatus form have 11 anal rays and a very few of chrysotus 10, but they can be otherwise distinguished. Whereas the females of I’. cingulatus have no trace of pearly spots the females of I’. chrysotus almost invariably have them. As a rule, the cross bars in the male, /. cingulatus, are narrower and more numerous than in the male of I. chrysotus, though young individuals of the latter do not differ in this respect. In Fundulus cingulatus there are often faint spots on the scales of the back forming longitudinal lines which seem to be absent in F, chrysotus. ‘The teeth in the front row of I’. chrysotus are larger than in FE, cingulatus. Page 658. Garman refers Fundulus guttatus to I’. nottii, which is very doubtful, but he is right in so referring I. hieroglyphicus. He also refers F, dispar to F. nottti, which is probably wrong. Page 658. Fundulus guttatus (Agassiz) can not be separated from /un- dulus nottii (Agassiz). Page 659. Fundulus melapleurus is, as Garman observes, a Gambusia, and should stand as Gambusia melapleura. Adinia guatemalensis and A. pachycephala are recklessly referred by Gar- man to the synonymy of Fundulus parvipinnis. They might just as well have been placed at random under any other species of a totally different fauna. Page 660. Before Adinia insert: 300(a). APLOCHEILUS, McClelland. Snout flat, both jaws much depressed. Bones of mandible firmly united ; upper jaw protractile; each jaw with a narrow band of villiform teeth. Body oblong, depressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Dorsal fin short, commencing behind the origin of the anal, which is more or less elongate. Intestinal tract but slightly convoluted; air bladder present. (Giinther. ) Aplocheilus, MCCLELLAND, Ind. Cypr. As. Res., XIX, 301, 1839 (chrysostiqgmus = panchaz). Panchax, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XVull, 380, 1846 (panchaz). Haplochilus, GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 310, 1866, corrected spelling. 968(a). APLOCHEILUS DOVIL (Giinther). For description and synonymy see p. 650. Page 662. According to Garman the air bladder is present in Rivulus. He refers 2. marmoratus to the synonymy of Lt. cylindraceus, which is probably correct. Add the following species: 973(a). RIVULUS ISTHMENSIS, Garman. Head 34 in body; eye 3 in head; snout 6. D. 9; A. 11; V.6; P. 15; seales 32-8. Elongate, compressed posteriorly, depressed forward; head broad, much depressed, flattened on the crown; snout medium, blunt; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2831 interorbital width greater than eye. Origin of dorsal fin over middle of base of anal, } distance from snout to base of caudal; origin of anal fin midway between head and caudal, the last ray nearly as far back as that of dorsal; caudal elongate, pointed, as long as head. Light olivaceous, with a dark blotch at base of dorsal and another on back above or in front of first anal ray; apparently a light, transverse streak at base of caudal. Rio San Jose, Costa Rica. Rivulus isthmensis, GARMAN, The Cyprinodonts, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xtx, No. 1, July, 1895, 140, Rio San Jose, Costa Rica. (Type in M.C. Z.) Page 663. Lucania ommata is wrongly referred to the synonymy of Heterandria formosa by Garman. Page 664. The species called Lucania goodei in the text has 2 rows of teeth and is a true Fundulus, or rather Zygonectes, as Garman has shown. It may stand as Fundulus goodei. Page 665. Lucania venusta is wrongly referred by Garman to L. parva, to which, however, it is closely related. Page €68. Garman wrongly refers Characodon bilineatus and C. variatus to the synonymy of C. lateralis. Page 669. Add: $83(a). CHARACODON EISENI, Rutter. Head 34; depth 34; eye3. D.11to0 13; A.13; scales 30 to 32-12. Snout shorter than eye, lower jaw projecting. About 9 teeth in upper jaw and about 14 in lower; teeth strongly bicuspid, the villiform teeth not devel- oped. Mouth almost vertical when closed, mandible about } length of eye; interorbital space flat, the anterior part equal to orbit, wider pos- teriorly. Insertion of dorsal in middle of total length; anal inserted under fourth ray of dorsal; pectoral reaching past insertion of ventral; tips of depressed dorsal and anal in vertical through middle of caudal peduncle; caudal broad, truncate, length of middle rays equal to length of top of caudal peduncle. Head about + of total; greatest depth of body above ventrals; depth of caudal peduncle + its length. Color in alcohol, male with a broad indefinite lateral band; female with dark blotches on sides which in 1 of 3 specimens form distinct cross bands. This species is most closely related to Characodon variatus, Bean. It dif- fers from that species in having fewer rays and scales, much fewer teeth, larger eye, much more posterior position of dorsal, and in color. Length It inches. Rio Grande de Santiago, Tepic, Mexico. Characodon eiseni, RUTTER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 266, Rio Grande de Santiago, Tepic, Mexico. (Type, No. 4999, L.S.Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Dr. Gustav Eisen.) Page 670. Add the following: The specimens from Parras, Mexico, referred by Garman to C. lateralis, appear to be new. They may be described as follows: 984(a). CHARACODON GARMANT, Jordan & Evermann, new species. B. 45 D. 12; A. 12; V.6; P. 17; scales 32-11 or 12; vertebre 15-18. Body compressed, moderately stout, caudal pedicel deep, back gently 2832 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. arched. Head about 4 of length to base of caudal; very little arched transversely. Snout short, not as long as the eye; chin steep. Mouth medium; upper jaw protractile. Teeth in outer series bicuspid. Eye large, nearly equal to interorbital space, 4 longer than snout, ? of head. The specimen examined had 4 branchiostegal rays on each side; whether this is normal must be decided from others. Fins small; dorsal origin about 2 of the distance from snout to caudal; anal opposed to dorsal; posterior margin of caudal subtruncate. Olive to reddish brown, with scattered small spots of darker on the back, a darker band with or without spots of dark along the flank, more distinct posteriorly. Fins with fine dots of dark color. Parras, Coahuila, Mexico. (Named for Prof. Samuel Garman of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in recognition of his valuable studies of the Cyprinodonts.) Caracodon lateralis, GARMAN, The Cyprinodonts, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., x1x, No.1, pl. 1, fig. 9, 1895, Parras, Coahuila, Mexico; not of GUNTHER. 984(b). CHARACODON LUITPOLDII, Steindachner. Head 44 to 42; depth 3 to 3;; eye 4 to 43 in head; snout 3 to 33; inter- orbital 1? to 2. D.14; A. 15 or16; P. 15 or 16; V.6; scales 40-17. Body moderately slender; caudal peduncle strongly compressed; head short; upper profile slightly arched, somewhat depressed at occiput; ventral out- line more convex; bases of anal and dorsal quite oblique. Dorsal rounded, longest ray 13 in head; anal somewhat smaller. Outer teeth slender, mov- able, broadened toward front of jaw which is notched; behind these a band of minute teeth, scarcely distinguishable. Two rows of scales below eye; preorbital, jaws, and narrow border of preopercle scaleless. Pecto- ral shorter than head, not reaching ventrals, which are nearer snout than base of caudal; origin of dorsal nearer base of caudal than gill opening; anal slightly behind dorsal. Color in alcohol, upper half of body light brown or brownish gray, lighter gray or silvery gray below, fading to yellowish white toward ventral line; a silvery gray band along middle of side, not well defined, its width that of 1 or 2 scales. Lake Patzeuaro, Mexico. (Steindachner. ) Oharacodon luitpoldii, STEINDACHNER, Einige Fischarten Mexico, 12, pl. 2, figs. 3-3b, 1895, Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess Theresa von Bayern.) Page 675. Garman refers Cyprinodon elegans to the synonymy of C. eximius and C, felicianus to that of C. riverendi, both of which seem to be correct. Page 680. Gambusia infans is probably identical with G. gracilis, as indicated by Garman. Page 681. Garman calls our Gambusia afinis G. patruelis and makes G. holbrooki, the northern form, a distinct species, neither of which views seems to be justifiable. Page 682. Gambusia nobilis and G. nicaraguensis are referred by Garman to the synonymy of G. gracilis, which is questionable; but his reference to (, puncticulata of G. picturata is probably correct. ae Se ee ee ee Oe ee es hl ee Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America, 2833 Page 682. After Gambusia affinis add: 1000(a). GAMBUSIA TRIDENTIGER, Garman. Head 43; depth at anal 43; snout short, not as long as eye, narrow, rounded forward, and blunt. D.7 or 8; A. 10; V.6; P. 12; scales 28 to 30-8; vertebre 14-++17. Mouth medium, directed obliquely upward; lower jaw longer than the upper, which is short, narrow, and protractile. Teeth in the outer series larger, strongly hooked, pointed, broadened somewhat toward the apex; inner series very small, in bands, tricuspid as in Pecilia; pharyngeal with a shoulder. Eye large, longer than snout, 3 in head. Fins small, excepting the caudal; dorsal smaller than anal and farther back, its origin about midway from occiput to end of caudal, nearly above the hindmost anal ray, 17 or 18 scales from the head; anal origin midway between snout and end of caudal; farther forward on the male, between the ventrals, and the fin is modified to form an intromit- tent organ about 4 length of entire fish; caudal deep, as long as head, rounded on hinder margin. Scales large, median series on flank as wide as eye. Intestine short. Light olivaceous, yellowish or brownish, with 7 or 8 vertical bars of brownish, separated by light or silvery spaces of equal width, on the sides of the caudal portion, edges of scales darker, the centers or median series more or less silvery; belly and lower surface of head silvery or golden; peritoneum black, showing through abdnominal wall; occiput dark; top of snout light; a dark line between anal and caudal; dorsal with a faint spot or group of puncticulations behind the middle near the base; other fins plain to dark tipped. (Garman.) Isth- mus of Panama, in fresh water (tridentiger, bearing trifid teeth). Gambusia tridentiger, GARMAN, Cyprinodonts, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., x1x, No. 1, 89, pl. 4, fig. 10, 1895, Isthmus of Panama. Pages 688 and 689. Heterandria versicolor and H. occidentalis are cor- rectly referred by Garman to the genus Pecilia. It is not improbable that H, versicolor is the same as Pacilia vivipara, Bloch & Schneider. Lebistes is doubtless identical with Pweilia, as is also Acropacilia. Acropecilia tridens is probably identical with Pwcilia dominicensis, as stated by Garman. Page 691. Garman wrongly refers Pecilia butleri to the synonymy of P. sphenops. Most of the Mexican and Central American species are imperfectly known and imperfectly described. Of these Garman refers the following to the synonymy of P. sphenops, whether correctly or not only a study of adequate material can determine: Pwecilia mexicana, P. thermalis, P. peten- ensis, P. dovii, P. couchiana, P. plumbeus, P. fasciatus, and P. spilurus. Pacilia pavonina is referred, perhaps correctly, to the synonymy of P. vittata. Page 696. Garman thinks that Pwcilia vandepolli is identical with P. reticulata, Peters, which may be described as follows: 1032. PECILIA RETICULATA, Peters. D.7 or 8; A.8 or 9; V.5; scales 26 to 28-8. Depth of body } and length of head nearly + of the length to the base of the caudal. Males rather more 2834 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. slender. Eye longer than snout, not quite 4 of head, ? of interorbital space. Forehead flat. Dorsal origin somewhat nearer to end of snout than to end of caudal, opposite first ray of anal on females. Anal of male advanced, between the ventrals, which are elongate; anal process as long as the head, without hooks. Caudal large, rather longer than head, obtusely rounded; free portion of tail somewhat elongate, base of anal being 4 of its distance from the caudal; ventrals reaching anal; pecto- rals as long as the head, not reaching ventrals. Female yellowish olive, scales with a narrow blackish edge, belly silvery, trunk above the belly blackish. Male with 2 brown streaks along the trunk, sometimes conflu- ent into a band, a brown streak along the middle of the side of the tail, a round black spot behind the shoulder, another at the commencement of the caudal streak, and a third at the root of the caudal; 1 or 2 of thcse spots may be absent. Trinidad; Venezuela (reticulatus, netted). The male from Venezuela differs in color from those from Trinidad. It has large silvery patches between the brown streaks, and a large ovate black spot in the middle of the side of the tail. (Giinther. ) Note.—The following is the original description: ‘‘Griingelblich mit einem schwarzen Netzwerk, dessen Maschen den Riindern der Schuppen parallel liegen, am Bauche silbrig. Schuppen in 7 Liings- und in 27 Querreihen; obwohl einige derselben durchbohrt erschei- nen, ist doch keine deutliche Seitenlinie zu sehen. Ganze Linge 39, Hohe 9, Liinge des Kopfes 7 Millimeter. D.8; A. 10. Caracas; in dem Guayre-Flusse von Gollner gesam- melt.” Pecilia reticulata, PETERS, Monatsb. Berl. Ak. 1859, 412, Caracas; GARMAN, Cyprino- donts, 63, 1895. Girardinus guppii, GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 355, 1866, Trinidad; Venezuela; EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 65. Girardinus vandepolli, VAN LINDTH DE JEUDE, Notes from Leyden Museum, rx, 137, 1887, s Curagao, one of the Leeward Islands. Pecilia vandepolli arubensis, VAN LINDTH DE JEUDE, Notes from Leyden Museum, Ix, 137, 1887, Aruba, one of the Leeward Islands. Pecilia branneri, EIGENMANN, Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci. 1894, 629. Page 697. (Garman refers Pecilia elongata, one of the best marked species of large size, and marine in its habitat, to the synonymy of P. gilli. This is certainly wrong, as is also the reference to P. gillii of P. chisoyensis and P. boucardi. P. melanogaster is probably correctly referred to P. dominicensis. Page 698. Add: 1087 (a). PCECILIA CUNEATA, Garman. B. 55 D. 8 to 10; A. 10 or 9; V. 6; P. 15 or 16; scales 28 or 29-9. Short and deep; caudal pedicel deep. Head depressed, broad, flat on the crown, equaling depth between dorsal and anal, or 4 of the length to the base of the caudal; snout as long as the eye, broad, truncate; chin short, steep; mouth wide, directed upward; jaws weak, loosely joined, lower short, upper shorter, protractile; outer series of teeth slender, oar-shaped, hooked, movable; inner in bands, small, pointed; eye large, as long as snout, } of interorbital space, 7 of head. Dorsal larger than anal, origin midway from head to base of caudal, over third ray of anal, 13 scales behind the occiput. Anal small, acute angled, third ray longest; on the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2835 male the base of the anal is forward of that of the dorsal, the fin is modi- fied to form a sharp-pointed organ in which the rays are less changed than in most species; its length is less than that of the head. Ventrals small, not reaching the anal. Pectorals reaching back over 7 scales. Caudal deep, as long as the head, hind margin rounded. Scales large. Intestine long. Brownish, olive tinted, bases of scales dark, back darker, and top of head darkest; more or less of the hind margin, or } of the scale, is whitish to silvery on the scales of the flank; lighter to silvery under head and abdomen; dorsal with 1 to several transverse series of small spots of black; fin sometimes black tipped; a brownish streak extending back and upward on the opercle behind the eye; caudal with small spots of black on the basal half, or with a couple of clouded transverse bands; other fins uniform or puncticulate; very small ones are lighter with a faint silvery band along the middle of the flank, but without vertical bars; a large one has numerous small white spots, somewhat like Fundulus heteroclitus. Females 24 and males 1,°; inches. Turbo, Gulf of Darien. Pecilia cuneata, GARMAN, Cyprinodonts, 62, pl. 5, fig. 3, 1895, Turbo, Gulf of Darien. Page 704. After Typhlichihys, Girard, add: a Noscleral cartilages; no pigment in or about the eye; retinal elements readily sepa- rable into ganglionic, inner reticular, and nuclear layers, the nuclear and outer reticular layers rarely distiguishable; diameter of eye about .150 nm. SUBTERRANEUsS, 1047. aa. Scleral cartilages large, forming a hood over front of eye; a mass of pigment in ‘ front of eye; pigment layer of retina with more or less pigment; eye a mere vestige, about .040 mm. in diameter. ROSA, 1047(a). Page 706. After Typhlichthys subterraneus add: 1047(a). TYPHLICHTHYS ROSE, Eigenmann. Extremely close to T. subterraneus, from which it seems to differ only in the less development of the eye. Scleral cartilages large, forming a hood over the front of the eye; a mass of pigment in front of eye; pig- ment layer of retina with more or less pigment; eye a mere vestige, + the size of that of T. subterraneus, about .040 mm. in diameter. The types of this species are 2 small, thoroughly dissected specimens, in the Museum of Indiana University, collected from a cave in Jasper County, Missouri, by Miss Ruth Hoppin. (Named for Mrs. Rosa Smith Eigenmann. ) Typhlchthys rose, EIGENMANN, Science, N. S., vol. yi, No. 164, 227, February 18, 1898, cave near Sarcoxie, Jasper County, Missouri. Page 723. Hemiramphus baiao is a valid species as defined. Page 729: Exocetus volitans, Linnzeus, as Lénnberg has shown, is identical with L£. evolans L. As the genus EKxocetus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 316, is based solely on Lxocetus volitans, the name Mrocetus must go with this species, taking the place of Halocypselus. The ordinary flying fishes must therefore be called Cypsilurus. The species with long anal fin may, however, be held as generically distinct from the type of Cypsilurus, and for them (exsiliens, rondeletii, etc.) the name Hxronautes has been proposed by Jordan & Ever- mann, Check List, 322. (Type, exsiliens.) (é€0, out of; yvavris, swimmer. ) 2836 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Our species of Lxonautes are the following: 1080. EXONAUTES EXSILIENS (Miiller). 1081. EXONAUTES RONDELETII (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 1082. EXONAUTES VINCIGUERRE (Jordan & Meek). 1083. EXONAUTES SPECULIGER (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 1084. EXONAUTES RUFIPINNIS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). To these should be added the following: 1084(a). EXONAUTES AFFINIS (Giinther). Head 4; depth 6; eye33; snout 33. D.11 to 13; A.11t013; scales 6-50 to 52, 35 before dorsal. Interorbital space flat, slightly greater than eye. Pectoral fin extending scarcely beyond dorsal and anal; base of ventral midway between eye and base of caudal, its rays reaching beyond middle of base of anal; dorsal opposite anal, its anterior rays 24 in head. Pec- toral with an oblique white blotch across its lower half, and with a narrow whitish margin; ventrals grayish. Cuba? Atlantic; West Africa. (Giin- ther.) Probably distinct from L. speculiger. Exocetus afinis, GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 288, 1866, Cuba? The species of Cypsilurus are the following: 1085. CYPSILURUS HETERURUS (Rafinesque). 1086. CYPSILURUS LUTKENI (Jordan « Evermann). 1087. CYPSILURUS FURCATUS (Mitchill). 1088. CYPSILURUS NIGRICANS (Bennett). 1089. CYPSILURUS XENOPTERUS (Gilbert). 1090. CYPSILURUS LINEATUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Under this species (p. 739) for Corea (in 3 places) read Gorea. 1091. CYPSILURUS CYANOPTERUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). This is a good species. The specimens recorded from James Island belong to C. bahiensis. 1092. CYPSILURUS BAHTENSIS (Ranzani). 1093. CYPSILURUS CALIFORNICUS (Cooper). 1094. CYPSILURUS CALLOPTERUS (Giinther). 1095. CYPSILURUS GIBBIFRONS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Page 732. In the key, for “jj” read “hh,” for “jjj” read “hhh,” for “Kh” read ii,” for ‘i? read. “gg,” and for ‘*hh” read “off.” Page 746. According to the studies of Mr. Rutter and Dr. Gilbert all the forms of Gasterosteus should probably be reduced to a single species (Gasterosteus aculeatus), having 3 or 4 geographic varieties, each running into a number of forms which differ in the degree of armature of the body. Page 749. After Gasterosleus bispinosus cuvieri, insert: 1100(a). GASTEROSTEUS GLADIUNCULUS, Kendall. Head 33; depth 34; D.II-I, 10; A.I,8. Head rather long; eve about 3 times in head; opercle not striate; body deep, compressed, with 5 lateral Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2837 dermal plates anteriorly counting from pectoral fin, none posteriorly ; cau- dal peduncle short, naked, not keeled; innominate bone lanceolate, its width about 3 times in length; ventral spines rather long, about 1* times in head, serrated above and below, a strong cusp at base on both upper and lower edge. Color in life, grass green, mottled and finely punctated with black on top of head and back; sides of head and body golden, with dark blotches; breast silvery, ventrals scarlet. In alcohol the back be- comes smoky black, the mottling and black dots more distinct, the golden hue of the sides fades, becoming more or less silvery, the dark blotches more pronounced. Coast of Maine and Woods Hole, Massachusetts. (gladiunculus, little sword ; sticklebacks being called by the boys about Portland, Maine, “ Little swordfish.” ) Gasterosteus gladiuneulus, KENDALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1895, 623, off Seguin Island, Maine. (Type, No. 47589. Coll. Grampus.) Page 754. Aulostomus macu latus is pinkish-red in life. Page 757. Fistularia tabacaria has been recorded by Storer from Holmes Hole, Massachusetts, and H. M. Smith records it from Buzzards Bay, near Quisset, and from about Woods Hole. Page 762. In the key to species of Siphostoma read : eee. Dorsal covering 4 or 5 caudal (not body) rings. o. Rings 16 to 18 + 29 to 33. q. Rings 16+ 30 to 33; dorsal 30 to 34, on 3-4-5 rings. Page 767. It is doubtful if Siphostoma pelagicum occurs in America. S. rousseaui has probably been sometimes mistaken for it. Page 768. After Siphostoma jonesi add: 1124(a). SIPHOSTOMA ROBERTSI, Jordan & Rutter. Head 74 inlength; depth 2} in head; eye 5} inhead. Dorsal 20, on 0+4 rings; segments 17+ 32. Snout 2! in head, with a slight keel; a slight keel on top of head, another above operecle, and 1 on anterior side of opercle, but not reaching posterior edge; shields without spines; lateral keel ending on last body segment; ventral keel on next to last; upper body keel extending nearly to end of dorsal fin, upper caudal beginning be- low it on first caudal segment; all ridges of body very prominent, the tail with 4 plain ridges; caudal pouch 3 in total length. Color mottled brown, paler below, the membrane connecting the segments pale bluish, forming cross stripes which are especially marked on the egg pouch; prominent pale cross bars on lower side of head; dorsal colorless, except that the base is finely dusted with brown; caudal thickly dusted with brown, except near base. This species is most closely related to Siphostoma jonesi, differ- ing m having a shorter dorsal with more rays, and in the lateral keel ending distinct from lower caudal keel. Jamaica; 1 specimen, 44 inches long, known. (Named for Rev. Joseph Seed Roberts, who collected the type- ) Siphostoma robertst, JORDAN & RUTTER, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1897, 97, Kingston, Jamaica. (Type, No. 4988, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. ) 2838 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 1124(b). SIPHOSTOMA STARKSII, Jordan & Culver. Head 103; depth 21. Dorsal 38, on 0+10o0r11rings. Rings 13 or 14+ 37 or 38. Head and body in tail 2. Snout 2? in head. Dorsal } longer than head. Body rather stout. Head scarcely carinate above. Snout with a slight smooth carina. Two lateral keels, confluent into 1 behind. Belly slightly keeled; no keel on opercle. Color dark olive, much mottled with darker but without distinct markings; yellow below. Male and female common in the fresh waters of Rio Presidio at Mazatlan, among alge; not seen in salt or brackish water. The pouch of the male teem- ing with eggs in January. Length 4 to 6 inches. Mazatlan, Mexico. Common in the Rio Presidio in sluggish water, on the bottom, about a mile below the village of Presidio. The species is probably found in brackish and fresh waters rather than in the sea. Siphostoma starksii, JORDAN & CULYER, Fishes Sinaloa, in Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 416, pl.30, Rio Presidio, Mazatlan. (Type, No. 2686, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Mazatlan.) 1124(c). SIPHOSTOMA SINALOX#, Jordan & Starks, new species. Allied to Siphostoma arctum Jenkins & Evermann. Head 8} in length to base of caudal; depth 3}in head. Dorsal 26, on 14 ++ 5 rings, 14-435. Snout1{ in head, a strong median ridge above running to between middle of eyes, a ridge on each side from angle of mouth to below eye, occipital and nuchal plates keeled, a slight keel on anterior part of opercle; dorsal keels ceasing in front of the last 4 or 5 rays of dorsal, the lateral ridge running up and continuing as dorsal ridges; belly with a keel on each side. Preanal part of belly 1% in postanal part; pectoral shorter than eye, caudal 3 in head. Color olive brown above, abruptly lighter below lateral ridges anteriorly, the edges of the plates dark, forming reticulations on lower parts of body; between every 4 rings is a narrow white cross bar; from each eye is a narrow light bar running upward and backward to occiput; caudal dark. The 2 type specimens, 1 of which was sent to the British Museum, collected by the Hopkins Expedition at Mazatlan. They were erroneously referred to Siphostoma arctum in our paper on the Fishes of Sinaloa. Type, No. 2945, L. S. Jr. Univ. Museum. Page 772. Corythroichthys, Kaup, should apparently be recognized as a genus distinct from Siphostoma. The species belonging in it are the following: 1134. CORYTHROICHTHYS ALBIROSTRIS, Heckel. 1135. CORYTHROICHTHYS CAYANNENSIS (Sauvage). 1135(a). CORYTHROICHTHYS CAYORUM, Evermann & Kendall. Head 8?; depth 122; snout 3} in head; eye 44. D. 21 rays, on 14 +3} rings; A. 3, on first caudal ring; C.10; P.10. Rings 17+26=—48. Body short and stout; head short, snout very short; tail but little longer than head and trunk. Cranial ridges strong; a high, sharp keel on snout, the occipital keel very high, its edge convex, notched near the middle, not Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2839 continuous with keel on snout; a strong supraocular ridge, beginning opposite posterior end of nasal keel and continuing backward with 1 hiatus upon upper edge of opercle; just below this on the opercle another longer but scarcely stronger ridge; another short ridge on anterior part of opercle at level of lower part of eye; opercles very convex, as if swollen outward; keels on body and tail all strong; the 2 lateral keels on body terminating on third caudal ring; the 2 lateral keels on tail beginning on the last body ring, thus overlapping the body keels; median keel on side well developed, terminating on sixteenth body ring; ventral keels strong; abdominal keel very strong. Egg sac on first 18 caudal rings. Color yel- lowish brown, with darker punctulations; tip of snout white; cheek, throat, and under parts of snout white, crossed by about 7 or 8 irregular brownish bars extending downward and backward; opercles brown; fins pale. This species is related to C. albirostris of Heckel, differing from it chiefly in the shorter snout, smaller dorsal, and fewer rings. Key West, Florida. (cayorum, of the Keys; from Cayo Hueso, Bone Key, the original Spanish name of the island of Key West.) Corythoichthys cayorum, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 128, pl. 7, fig. 7, near Crawfish Bar, Key West, Florida. (Type, a male 34 inches long, No. 48784. Coll. Drs. Evermann & Kendall.) Page 774. Syngnathus wquoreus is doubtfully American. Until a com- parison of specimens can be made our species may stand as— 1188. SYNGNATHUS HECKELI (Kaup). Page 792. Lethostole, Jordan & Evermann, is identical with Chirostoma, and the definition assigned is that of Chirostoma. To the synonymy of Chirostoma estor add: Atherinichthys albus, STEINDACHNER, Anzeiger der Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1894, 148, Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess Therese von Bayern.) Page 793. In Chirostoma humboldtianum the scales are serrulate. After this species insert the following: 1155(a). CHIROSTOMA GRANDOCULE (Steindachner). Head 4; depth5?; eye 32 in head; interorbital width 44; pectoral fin 14; ventral 2+; caudal 1}; anal base 14, its greatest height 13. D. V-I, 10; A. I, 20; P. 15 or 16; scales 60 to 62-15 or 16. Upper profile of head merg- ing gradually into that of back, rising slightly toward beginning of second dorsal. Lower jaw slightly projecting; posterior end of upper jaw reach- ing eye. Teeth on maxillary sharp, brush-like, in 3 or 4 rows, the inner teeth of the maxillary and the outer teeth of lower jaw somewhat enlarged and close set. Cheek narrower than in C. humboldtianum and C, estor, and with 4 rows of scales. Origin of first dorsal midway between anterior bor- der of eye and base of caudal, the second dorsal } diameter of eye nearer base of caudal than hinder border of eye; greatest height of second dorsal scarcely greater than base of fin. Longest anal ray about 1} in base of fin; dorsal and anal concave on free border; origin of anal nearly an eye’s diameter in front of that of second dorsal; caudal deeply incised, the mid- 2840 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. dle rays about 2 in the longest; caudal peduncle more than 4% in body, its least depth somewhat more than 2 in greatest depth of body. Scales slightly ctenoid. Side with a broad, sharply defined silvery-gray band. Body much more slender, snout shorter, and eye larger than in C. hum- boldtianum or C. estor. Length 5 inches. Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. Atherinichthys grandoculis, STEINDACHNER, Anzeiger der Kais. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien. 1894, 149, Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess Therese von Bayern.) 354(a). ESLOPSARUM, Jordan & Evermann. Hslopsarum, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 330, 1896 (jordan). This genus is close to Chirostoma, from which it differs in the large en- tire scales. To it belong the 2 following species: 1156. ESLOPSARUM BARTONI (Jordan & Evermann). 1157. ESLOPSARUM JORDANI (Woolman). To the synonymy of this species should be added Atherinichthys brevis, STEINDACHNER, Anzeiger der Kais. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien. 1894, 149, Lake Cuitzeo, Mexico. (Coll. Prinzessin Therese von Bayern.) Page 793. In Lslopsarum jordani the anal is I, 16, not I, 6. Page 795. Nirtlandia laciniata has been found to intergrade with 1, vagrans and should stand as— ° 1158a. KIRTLANDIA VAGRANS LACINIATA (Swain). Page 796. Under d in the key read: d. Snout about equal to eye, which is 3 to 3} in head. Page 800. An examination of numerous specimens of Meridia from vari- ous places between Florida and Halifax shows that MW. notata and M. menidia intergrade perfectly. The first will therefore stand as— 1167a. MENIDIA MENIDIA NOTATA (Mitchill). Page 801. Menidia guatemalensis and Menidia pachylepis belong in the genus Thyrina, Jordan & Culver. Page 819. Agonostomus nasutus has the anal usually II, 10, sometimes RS: Page 821. Add the following: In the Transactions of the Jamaica Society of Arts for 1855, Mr. Richard Hill gives a paper on ‘Fishes of the Jamaica Shores and Rivers”? which has been overlooked by subsequent writers. The list is chiefly a nominal one, but it contains a number of vernacular names not elsewhere given. The only new species are given under the head of Labrax (page 142) and Mugil (page 143), and these are named rather than described. They are the following: There is another Labraz, common enough in the Kingston market when the rains send strong freshets from the river into the harbor. The fishermen call it the river chub, and confound it with the mucronatus. It is a different species; it is marked with Jordan and [vermann.—Fishes of North America, 2841 bauds like the Perea fluviatilis of Europe, and the Perea granulata of America. We will cailit the Labrax pluvialis, rainy weather chub. Mugil petrosus—rock mullet ; lineatus—short mullet, 1; albula—short mullet, 2; curema—long mullet; equinoculus —horse-eye mullet; capitulinus—drab mullet, long ears; plumieri—pond mullet ; ltiza—callipeva; Dajaus monticola—mountain mullet; choirorynchus—hog-nose mullet. The Dajaus monticola inhabits only the mountain streams; the choirorynchus or hog- nose mullet is a fish of double the size of the monticola, and found in the same waters. The mugil liza is the largest of the mullets, from 20 inches to 3 feet long; the callipeva is the name by which it is exclusively known. This is, no doubt, its Indian name. The equinoculus and capitulinus, known in the market as long mullets, are readily distin- guishable from each other by the size of the head, and especially by the size of the eye: the horse-eye mullet has the large eye, the capitulinus unusually small. The plumieri, Plumier’s mullet of Cuvier & Valenciennes, is a long mullet; and the lineatus and albula what the market people distinguish as short mullets. The callipevais a river mullet seldom extending further than the embouchure of streams, or into the ponds and marshes. The curema is a large mullet found on the sea banks; it is the most highly colored of all the mullets, the back is a golden green and it has scales on the second dorsal fin. Dajaus choirorynchus is identical with Agonostomus nasutus, but the seanty description hardly justifies the substitution of this name for the later one. The other new species we fail to identify. Labrax pluvialis we do not recognize. Page 823. The great barracuda should stand as— 1199. SPHYRENA BARRACUDA (Walbaum). To its synonymy add: Esox barracuda, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 1, 94, 1792; after CATESBY. Page 827. The ventrals in the Polynemidea are truly thoracic, the long pubic bone being attached to the shoulder girdle. This family is proba- bly nearest allied to the Sciewnida. Page 833. After Ammodytes personatus add: 372(a). RHYNCHIAS, Gill, new genus, Rhynchias, GILL, MS., new genus (septipinnis). This generic name is provisionally given to a species known only from a description of Pallas, and supposed to differ from Ammodytes in the presence of ventral fins. It may prove to belong to some different family. (pvy xos, snout.) 1214(a). RHYNCHIAS SEPTIPINNIS (Pallas). This species has not been recognized by any recent collector, and it is not certain to what family it belongs. The following is the substance of Pallas’s description : D. 43; A. 24; V.8; P. 16; C. 24. Form of Ammodytes tobianus. Head 3030, 101 2842 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. compressed; snout long, slender, depressed. Maxillary with fine teeth; rictus long. Branchiostegals 4. Body compressed, slender, with trans- verse streaks. Scales inconspicuous; 1 lateral line. Pectoral large, un- armed. Dorsal short, well backward, lower posteriorly; caudal sub- bifurcate. Color white, the dorsal edged with darker. Kamchatka. (Pallas. ) If we can trust the description, this fish would seem to represent a dis- tinct genus of Ammodytida, characterized by the presence of ventral fins, but it may be that the account is erroneous in this regard and that Pallas had in mind Ammodytes personatus. (septem, seven; pinna, fin.) Ammodytes septipinnis, PALLAS, Rosso-Asiat., 1, 1811, Kamchatka. Page 833. Ammodytes alascanus is not separable from A. personatus. Page 839. Caulolepis longidens occurs also in the Pacific, specimens hav- ing been collected by the Albatross at Cortez Banks, off San Diego, Cali- fornia, in 1896. Page 847. Add: 1230(a). MYRIPRISTIS CLARIONENSIS, Gilbert. Head 3} in length; depth 23. D. X-I, 14; A. IV, 12; scales 3}-41-7. Least depth of caudal peduncle } length of snout and eye. Greatest (oblique) diameter of eye 24 in head. Least interorbital width equaling length of snout, 44 in head. Mouth less oblique than in related species, the line of upper jaw with a more pronounced double curve. Lower jaw the longer, with well-developed symphyseal knob. ‘Teeth finely villiform, very slightly enlarged toward middle of both jaws; wide patches of simi- lar teeth on head of vomer and on palatine bones. Length of maxillary (measured from front of upper jaw) very slightly (about 3';) less than length of snout and eye. Color before immersion in spirits, reddish, the upper parts dusky, especially on top of head and on the margins of the scales; evident horizontal dusky streaks between the rows of scales; oper- cular membrane blackish; fins all hight, without dark markings. Differ- ing from all known American species of Myripristis in having 3} series of scales between the lateral line and the base of the spinous dorsal, instead of 24. Length 6} inches. Revillagigedo Islands; only the type known. Myripristis clarionensis, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 441, pl. 69, Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago. (Type, No. 47746. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) Page 852. Insert the following description by Jordan & Rutter of Holocentrus marianus, based upon a specimen 6 inches long from Jamaica: Head 22; depth 3 in length; eye 24 in head. D. XI, 13; A. IV, 9; scales 4-45-7. Dorsal outline much more curved than ventral; mouth low, but little oblique, the lower jaw projecting and entering upper profile; max- illary to below middle of eye; eye large, lower margin of orbit cut by a line connecting tip of snout and upper base of pectoral; angle of opercle high, higher than top of pupil, with 3 sharp teeth, small teeth along the margin next the subopercle; subopercle long and narrow, dentate near upper end; preopercle very finely serrate, with a strong spine at angle; a single row of scales on opercle along margin of preopercle; suborbital Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2848 bones very narrow, finely serrate; premaxillary groove on top of head as long as eye; length of pectoral equals head behind middle of eye; spinous dorsal depressible into a groove, highest (anterior) rays of soft dorsal equal to ventrals, longer than soft rays of anal; third anal spine very lone and heavy, as long as pectorals; caudal forked almost to base, the lobes equal, as long as pectorals. Each row of scales with a red band, yellow lines between the rows; fins all yellowish. This is a strongly marked species, very different from Holoceatrus ascensionis, perhaps the type of a distinct genus, characterized by the large mouth and projecting chin. Page 856. Dr. Bean reports the Red Mullet or Goat Fish (Mullus aura- tus) as being plentiful at Sandy Hook in September and October. Page 857. The nominal genus Mulloides can not be separated from Upeneus. Page 866. In Scomber colias read: Head about 3; depth 42; first dor- sal longer than high. Page 873. To the synonymy of Scomberomorus add: Polipturus, RAFINESQUE, Anal. de la Nature 1815, 84; substitute for Scomberomorus. Page 874. In line 12 of description of Scomberomorus maculatus, for “side” read ‘‘ part.” Page 878. Bipinnula, Jordan & Evermann, is a synonym of Escolar, Jordan and Evermann, in Goode and Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 519, 1896. The error resulted from Goode & Bean taking our original MS. name Lsco- lar, for which we afterwards substituted Bipinnula. This genus and its species will therefore stand as follows: 396. ESCOLAR, Jordan & Evermann. 92 Escolar, JORDAN & EVERMANN, in GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 519, Aug. 23, 1896 (violaceus). Bipinnula, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Middle Amer., 878, Oct. 3, 1896 (violaceus). 1267. ESCOLAR VIOLACEUS (Bean). Page 886. Instead of Lepidopus caudatus, which is not yet known to occur in American waters, insert: 1276. LEPIDOPUS XANTUSI, Goode & Bean. Head 43 in body; depth 3 in head; eye 54; interorbital space 84; snout 3; maxillary 3}. D. 82; A. II, 45. Jaws with long, sharp teeth in front, followed by single rows of weaker ones, arranged in groups of twos and threes. Height of dorsal, near middle of body, 3 in head. Anal preceded by 2 seutes, the first minute, the second wide, strongly keeled, its length ? the diameter of eye. Pectorals of 12 rays, length 2 in head. Each ventral consists of a flat keeled spine followed by a minute ray. This species is known from 2 small mutilated specimens, both found on the beach near San Jose del Cabo, Cape San Lucas. The type was taken by John Xantus, about 1860, and recorded by Jordan & Gilbert as Lepidopus caudatus. The second, of about the same size (5) inches), was taken by 2844 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Richard C. MeGregor, in 1897. From the latter the above account was taken. The species differs from Lepidopus caudatus in the much shorter dorsal and longer anal. D. 103; A. 24. (Named for John Xantus de Vesey.) Lepidopus caudatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 358; not of EUPHRASEN. Lepidopus xantusi, GOODE & BEAN, Ocean, Ichth., 519, 1896; same type; no description. Page 889. Trichiurus lepturus is recorded by Storer from Buzzards Bay (1840) and Wellfleet, Massachusetts (1845), and H. M. Smith records it from Woods Hole (1897). Page 892. The synonymy at top of page under Tetrapturus imperator belongs to the footnote on same page. Page 899. Add: 1286(a). OLIGOPLITES MUNDUS, Jordan & Starks, new species. Head 4; depth 2%; eye 44. D. V-I, 19; A. II-I, 20. Body deep and compressed. Length of head about { greater than its depth at nape; eye equal to snout and to interorbital; maxillary extending considerably beyond vertical from hinder margin of eye, its length 17 in head; second suborbital not over + as wide as lowest, and much shorter, thus form- ing a prominent notch in posterior margin of suborbital bones; a slight emargination in opercle in front of pectoral. Teeth small, sharp, in a band in each jaw, narrow in upper. Origin of soft dorsal midway between snout and base of caudal, the anal opposite; the anterior rays of both somewhat produced; second soft ray of each equal to head behind pupil, and equal to pectoral; ventrals equal to ¢ ot pectorals, their inner margins fastened to body; caudal deeply forked, the middle rays 34 in longest, which are longer than head. Lateral line nearly straight, but forming a broad angle above pectoral. Color silvery on sides, becom- ing darker above; fins colorless. ‘This species differs from Oligoplites altus in the much larger mouth and in having the suborbital bones notched posteriorly. Oligoplites saliens of the West Indies seems to be more elon- gate in body and with the suborbitals even behind as in O. altus. Pacific coast of tropical America. This description is based on a specimen 11 inches long from San Juan Lagoon, Mexico, at the mouth of Ahome River, collected by the Albatross. Three other specimens from Algodones Lagoon, Mexico (Albatross Coll.), agree in every respect, except that 1 of them has but 4 free spines in front of dorsal. Numerous other specimens have been since brought by Dr. Gilbert from Panama. Oligophites mundus, JORDAN & STARKS, in JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 344, 1896, Mazatlan, Mexico; name only. Page 909. The Californian species Trachurus symmetricus is probably a species distinct from 7. picturatus, described from Madeira. The two forms have never been properly compared. Page 912. The identity of Hemicaranz amblyrhynchus with Caranz fal- catus, Holbrook, needs proof. The latter species, if distinct, may be de- scribed as follows; Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America, 2845 1305(a). HEMICARANX FALCATUS (Holbrook). Head 6 in total length; depth about 3. D. VII-I, 28; A. II-I, 25; €.19; V.5; P.16; fateral line with 50 plates. Body oval, compressed; the head short, the facial outline descending in a gentle curve to snout, which is rounded though narrow. Eye large, in the middle third of the head, the posterior margin rather nearer snout than posterior margin of opercle; nostrils close together, nearly midway between eye and snout, and ona line within the orbit, the posterior larger, subround, the anterior ovoidal. Mouth small; each jaw with a single row of slender, conical teeth; a small patch of minute teeth on the vomer, and a small, narrow group of similar teeth on the palatines; tongue small, narrow, a few minute teeth near its base; pharyngeal bones armed with numerous card-like teeth, longer than those of the jaws. Soft dorsal long and low, the first 3 or 4 rays moderately elevated, the fin scaled at base; pectoral falcate, very long, extending to anterior third of soft dorsal; ventral small, very short, reach- ing beyond vent; anal shaped like the soft dorsal; caudal very long and widely forked, the upper lobe more than 4 longer than the lower. Lat- eral line at first almost semicircular; at origin of soft dorsal descending to median plane, then straight; plates beginning with the soft dorsal in- creasing in size to the thirty-fifth, whence they decrease rapidly; scales minute, those of lateral line elongated quadrilateral, with 1 angle pro- longed and rounded. Color, upper part of head and body above lateral line pale brown with slight bluish tint; lower jaw, opercle, and side yellowish; belly silvery, with a slight golden tint; anterior dorsal transparent; pos- terior transparent but with a yellowish tint; caudal yellowish. Known certainly only from Charleston, South Carolina. Caranz faleatus, HOLBROOK, Ichth. South Carolina, 92, pl. 13, fig. 2, Charleston, South Carolina. Page 914. Add: 1306(a). HEMICARANX ZELOTES, Gilbert, new species. Head 4 to 41; depth 22 to 22. D. VII-I, 26 to 29; A. II-I, 23 to 255 P. 20 to 22; seutesabout52. Body regularly elliptical, its greatest depth about in middle of its length, exclusive of caudal peduncle. Head small; anterior profile more decurved, and hence the snout is blunter than in H. atrimanus; depth of head just behind eye about } its length. Jaws subequal, tip of lower slightly projecting; maxillary narrow, not quite reaching anterior margin of pupil, about 3} in head (34 to 32 in atrimanus). .-:+---- 1146 TLeNLOP Stet see ceeee hee 1144 enneagrammus, Ernogrammus....- 2441 DhiGh wus se-F-eee =e 2441 | Hrneaneces!=.=-sses2- ss See fees 2349 carminalis-==>::/---- 2350, 2868 IDNNCISUNS Se 225 sags her eesuet eater se 1143, 1147 PMMICH PRY Sys s censors eee Soe eae 1501 | HMNOVRTYS Soe Sui 2 Sescetee te eee 1937, 1938 PISON soe seo ans ene ce 1938 Glaviger =ss222 5-2 osecseee 1938 GIGERATISH = anemia eee ose 1941 Enseigne, Porte . -..- Seton ears 1687 ensenadz, Rhinoptera -.---........:- 91 ensiters, bairdiella.-:-22 -ss:c555..2. 1434 Seisemase see ae te ee aes: 1435 ensiferus, Centropomus..-......-.. 1125 ENSiiGrMmis,. OriC hing. eens. =) 887 | ensis, Gaidropsarus.---.---:---.--- 2558 | Motellas essa stem tec osc ael ec. 2 2559 OMOB Roh oo ne See eee ewes 2559 | PMY ROMA soso s cscs cece sc 824 | IEMUBIN BOOMs sos sScssc coe cc acon ces 2752 entemedor, Narcine.--...........-.. 2752 MTOMACrONUS \.--she em elev esise> ce. 2397 Chiostictus)-—---=s- -- 2398 Gecoratuss2 23. -.-2=- 2399 margaritaceus -....-- 2398 Migricans..--.-..-5-- 2399 entomelas, Sebastichthys .....-..-. 1786 Sebastodes)-- > 2-2. -...-. 1785 EINLOSPHONUS ses ssc ccincccls-sissces 11 camtschaticus.---..-.- 2745 epihexodon ..-......- 12 tridentatus........... 12 ENUM YC HIGUS ea siecle wie 'le'e so == 53 Bia KeULe Oeeterstaa sma aif = mae =a se sre nls 926 Pea Hest eee eee eel leo 2231, 2233 Blea PS eee Pe aie rete etalon! oat = 2613 3 JORGANIE = =r cece san access: 2613 BOSS AT DACIOSA 25252 sce sen seeps 2343 BOlSIcMth ysl sccsees= sims es =e: 1102 WHEOSOMUS este sarcnee = ceca 210 erythrogaster..... - 210 GODIGSOX: sso Ss eaiee t ns veloc se 2343 Orthonops 22522" 2sesess -- .2 5: 2262 3030——109 COS Ecaenicnblty senses eee ase 1102 Pronotogrammus.......--..... 1225 elas todes\ asses ees 1810 Hosebastés = o-5- seh. es- so oe 1765, 1775, 1798 Bperlanisererae ascot teases os: 522 Ephippideaceisssepectene ser ee es 1666 Bp hip piles) -e ee se eee eee eee 1667 ephippium, Plectropoma .....-..._. 1192 iB phippus fabere=ssee ase eee ee 1668 PIRES ve oe. Seem eee 1668 ZONAUUSS oe cee = mecca 1669 IB PICOPUS se acesoceee cee ee ee mane 2529 COIS een eis seer ee 2530 epicurorum, Chromis .-2-..:--..5.- 947 ipiZonichthy sates wet anes eee 4 EIT SONUS shee eke ewe se seoee 1111 occidentalis)=<2--c2-s52e- 1112 epihexodon, Entosphenus........-. 12 hampetra s---.-------< 12 Hpinephelin Bys.ss- sls 2s eaceee eee 1128 pine phelus =2 "2/25 -\- <1 - 1148, 1152, 2853 adscensionis.-...--.-- 1152, 1154 ALOTases soo sea ete 1165 amalogustsess-escce =i 1152 SUA area 1159 ASCONSIONIS\:.- esc c coe 1154 AS PCrsuse- eee eee 1154 atlaniticus) s52s-sse5 oe 1154 Donageiss 25225 s2a=6 em 1175 brachysomus ---....-- 1154 callramussee==eeeee eae 1186 Calle eee eee Sere 1159 chalinins] sees ees 1181 elliatusmecceess= seas 1784 CUPANUSE 2a eecee ace 1158 dermatolepis ..-....-. 1169 Gimidiatws)=s-s-sse 1179 drummond-hayi -.-.--- 1159 faleatus: 225-2 222e--2" 1185 flavolimbatus..--...-. 1155 PAleuG== sme seeseais ais 1164 FUL AS See tee a tea cre 1154 GU EWE Docosbenoecoseae 1154 MUbaAbAs =e e eee ae 1142, 1159 INGTMISssa-cee- ee He 1168 interstitialis.......-.. 1179 TOLL 5 daconedadatenn 1177 labriformis -.--------. 1155 Tonmlatiustercrncats cs a6 1159 MACWLOSUS eas ='=-i=iat 1158 MEDUSA eee eee eee 1162 MICLOLOPISe see = == 1178 MOL Ones eee eee 1160 multiguttatus ..-..-.- 1166 mystacinus-.--.------ 1151 DUA GWIGUS) oe eee 1162 2970 Index. Page. Epinephelus niphobles..-..--..----- 2853 TLV ODUM S eters rere 1156 Olihaeeee eer eaeaeesaae 1183 ordinatus..--......-.. 1155 panamensis...----.... 1141 PALO Sie see eee eee 1183 punctatus -.-..----- 1146, 1154 guinquefasciatus-.--. 1164 rosaceus ....-.-----.--- 1184 TIMVOU eee ene eee eee eae 1181 sellicauda -------.--2- 1155 Strigtus\sse- eee 1157, 1208 LEIWOPS eee sees ene 1144 hieris eens kere 1187 VeneNOSUS..-.------.- 1172 menarchus ----.--- os Oats 1180 pin eee eee ee oe ee eee 880 magistralis!.---.---«---=~< 880 episcopa, Dionda..---..----.----... 215 Hybognathus .......-.-.- 215 episcopi, Gambusia -.---....--.---. 683 episcopus, Hybognathus .... -..... 215 Ep 1S © Wa eee aie a elem ae a so 254 CalliSeMmaleces seen emeaea 273 5) ef UL eA reer terete are 290 Epitrachys.----------~---0--a-cr==- 1023 EP SOUUS, PHS OX. ee nar oe aeliefela aaa 443 equatorialis, Chlopsis......-.-...-. 364 Raj ace: aceeeaice cee 74 HGS ee ee eee eer eee eae 1485, 1489 BCUMIN AGUS) ore ae een 1487 umbrosus...-.-.- 1487 QIMETIiCANUS\ esos. se =e 1490 balteatusee- sess cceess sees 1490 Tanceeolattige.e-s-ceeetaciesl 1489, 1490 LinGatus ences ase emesis 1487 ell Chee eeeteentee aie 1489 TEACUP ITU Gl oe sesso soccgma 1488, 1489 VEO ein acids Sere lcietatseleare oie 1486 Goines GUS) Saesscsceancososses 128 IBalistestss- a. se- ne seeneee 1708 MQ Me LOS eeseere ae eee eee 1485 eqnimoculus: Marcil —= so oercine)- a 2841 equirostrum, Scombresox .-.-..-.-.- 726 equisetis, Coryphena......--..-... 953 PREC 101 2 eee ele 1397 erate. Obebessa--ses4cke cose oe 1236 erebennus, Ameiurus .-..-...--.--. 139 @repus; Wvbumsen alesse: eine aie eels 396 erethizon, Arothron -...:=--------- 1739 QVyoides'.2. 222-2 Seoene52- 1739 Toetradon=-ee-se ces. <2 1739 eriarcha, Atherinella ...-.......-.- 803 Copelandiamesssesesea == 994 Hurystoleteer-msecem- ao 803 eriarchus, Enneacanthus .......--. 994 Page. MTMCALI AS = oo seen sae eee eee 2816 Salmonea: a5 ecco aoe 2816 Pini Chastals* csr eae eee eee 999 HTICOSM disc 2 see -eeeece 1028, 1030, 1036 HTC VAN 0 ties eet ee ee eee eee 302 buccatas 2c. esse 302 eri¢ymba, Siena ..-.2-- se -sse2 ene 1445 TILE PI GUNS eo '=- sateen eee 1851 Tale pisine emcee eho eee eee eee 1862 LAMMICT Soon vecescacrnacaqses 1863 rimy stax ase cme ae eae 314, 315 TEAL 7 OT eee alee alae see eel 184 ZOU Sees eeeeee es aeeees 186 BUCOLt@e ee aaemome eee 185, 186 oblongus .-...... 186 eninaces,, ~Rala.<-2...2se-nens,cimiacnes 68 erinaceus, Trichocyclus.--.......... 1744 TIMOMUBS! «ins sateen sates eeelee 314 MUL OM Bes essa eee see eee eee cee 308 HORI ZO Matteo eerie pe eine ee eee 1745 Guanabanane==-s25e- see 1746 Ernogrammus enneagrammus.....- 2441 erochrous, Hololepis ...........-..- 1102 Poe cilichthysien.s cere 1102 Bro alam saree emcee laa eee a= 254 HTOtehisteaeeeeee sees ee eseeee eens 2203 smaragdus ...--..........- 2204 valencionnesi=- = 2. -s-es2e< 2204 Sey C GES ee emia rate etl eae 1642 CLOICONSIS).- 6 == eee eee 1651 Gly URT CUS - ace meee eee eee eee 1531 OLOS\e ooeeenes eee 1531 Bry bhnichthys) so. - 2 --s-->- =... 0 1160 erythrogastrum, Peecilosoma ...-.. 1089 erythrops. Gobiesox.-------...-.-.. 2336 Meh tHelise ese eessee sae 990 erythroptera, Pimelodus -.-.....-.-. 135 erythrorhynchos, Salmo.....--...--. 508 erythrurus, Caramx .--...-..-...... 920 Catostomus: 2 = oes 193 Ptychostomus ........- 193 esea) (Clupeas s.c.sa5-= eee eeenenee 421 escambie, Zygonectes.-.-.....-.-... 698 escumuda, Sardina) soa. ssc eee 431 eschrichtii, Oneirodes ...-...--..--. 2732 MBS COLA: c= Sconce noe cence Seen cree 879, 2843 Chinoee2-nac-eeaeseeeesce 1114, 1284 Ge Naturale ae ceec cece ac 976 a De ih te ~ 7 ae Index. Page. | / Escolor violaceus-..--.-------------- 4843 Miscolatesees= =e seeeeerine= = aie =i 879 TDI aN sot sao ceaesa+ee nUele aeueipera 877 Mseribanor cessor eesest seoceee cee ------="- 1072, 1073 DOLOM Ores sa eiein eee 1082 ceruleum -.-----.--- 1089, 2853 spectabile 1089 Gailfaiscecice Soossoeeg 1011 camurum .....--------. 1076 caprodes..-.------------ 1027 Gineled see Seen 1078 cinereum .--.---------- 1078 cragini -....----------- 1091 cymatotenia .--.------ 1042 aayvisonieeoe-s esse 1049 uy sae 2853 elegans .--------------- 1074 Ovid es ees esos ese 1037 Gyal GD Bespongeredocoucor. 1103 2972 L[ndex. Page. | Page. Etheostoma flabellare .....--------- 1097 | Etheostoma schumardi-......-....-. 1047 cumberland- SClCNUM es -2s2e5e25eer 1038 Tcumess-==- 1098 © scovellilessss--sas5—55" 1082 lineolatum. . - 1098 | squamatus ...........- 1040 flabellaris) ss-.cesess2e 1097 squamiceps ..-.----.--- 1096 flabellata a. 4-h ease 1097 | SbIPAUM soe eeioee 1048 fonbicOlanes assess aeeeree 1105 swannanoa .....--....- 1070 fontinalisess=-ee=—-s==" 1097 tessellatum ......:..... 1078 fONnMmOSaeessseeeee= ae 2853 | thalassinum ..........- 1071 fUSiformes-c-2 2 see 1103 tippecanoe-~----.------ 1090 PUNENEL sss 1034 tuscumbia = 2.25555. 1100 Initial anscosorsecaaneec 1051 | Uranideavesase-saee ease 1045 inscriptum ....-..----- 1072 | VI Av UM se setae oe eats 1069 LOD eases ase Salome 1084 | Verecundum eeecees=see 1050 lows Soe heer scenes 1083 | Vexillarele soeehasseres 1058 SJ OSSUEO sere tele eiciclo ae 1084 Wing atom eae eee isee 1093 jOrdaNl ees eee 1079, 1080 Vulneratumesssecsssee 1077 RVG oo ete ye reteteteteelatteitete 1093 whipplei alabame ..-.- 1095 laherale-ssseces oer aee 1099 Wihipplii seeeece eee 1095 lepidogenys .-..--.----- 1087 Will Shibleee eee see eee 1047 lepidumiee-- este seee 1089 ZONBIO a2 cease es 1075 limslleyilleesee ec sea 1097 arcansanum .--... 1075 longimana.-....-...--- 1054 | etheostoma, Aboma.............--. 2240 luteovinctum..----.--- 1086 | Etheostomin#..-..-.....-..-=-.-2:- 1018 lynceum.-.-......-.----- 1075 | ethon, Svngnathus ....-.......-...- 767 macrocephalum. ....--- 1031 | WUMOPtCLUsi- eee tweets 55 maculatum .....-...... 1077 pusilbusyja-eeee eee 55 microperCa -.-..---+--- 1104 | etowanus, Catostomus nigricans -.. 181 micropterus ..........- 1OSSe MEbrO DUSEeecereeassee ee eee eee 2687 mevisense..-.....--..-.- 1034 Crossotus --.......----.---- 2689 Mian Sue cease eee 1043 | microstomus ......-.-.-. 2687, 2690 spilotum....-. 1044 TIMOSUSHae ee ae Seat e tee 2688 nigrofasciatum .....-.. 1039 0) SHorumMeustesteceete see eeeeseee eae 419 THOT UMN ae ee saree 1057 ACUMINGLUSEE een asee eee 419 MO LAtwIME sees 1070 | Sadinaia-ssen-esorcececes 420 Obeyense) Se aascn/=ace 1092 | IDOLOS es ose seers 420 olmstedies-= cepa eee TOS es Ea Cali greece aise eet see te eee 743 Quachiteysssecee sae 1035 | inconstans-ae-e-eees eee eee 744 TERE ISS ode pcsoadoodaaS 1092 | cayuga -.--..... 744 parvipinne .-...-....-- 1096 | Dye@mieea sae eee 744 pellucidum clarum -... 1063 | Eucentrarchus.....--.-....----.--- 988 meltavume setae meee 10347) Huchalarodus:-2-s--2¢-eeeeseesee 2649 phoxocephalum. -...-.-- 1031 | pUWOMAM = eens ee 2650 podostemone ...--..--- 1055))| SH UCinOstOMUS ames alee nal ee atee see 1367 (DOUUS Wem a= = eee eee 1082 argenteus--.......--- 1371 AOA emp ebecossace 1104 californiensis ---....-. 1369 preelianisesscee sees 1104 | DOM Bloccssocssscueqoes 1367 punctulatum .........- 1090 | Pula bees sass: eee 1370 Quappella---..----..-.. 1084 ulmlare eee ecenee 1371 quiescens..-....--..... 1101 harengulus....--.... 1368 he Xeee eee eae ee ean 1026 | IDO Al capsestecsose= 1372 TOANO Keiser sem sete 1036 | productos'=--e-----=- 1372 rufilineatum....--....- 1079 | pseudogula.......... 1368 rufolineatum ......-.-. 1079 | Euctenogobius..-..---------- 2210, 2215, 2226 TUPESbres- = === == 1073 gadis teem seee ee 2227 Sagitta..-.-.-.-...----- 1080 IGE oS sscnsosssoeas 2237 a, awe Lndex. 2973 | Page. Euctenogobius lyricus ..........--- 2225 sagittula ......-... 2229 Hacyclofobius,s-- =< s2=2 seisassiss 2248 | newberryi..-.-.-..- ae 2248 eudouxii, Ailurichthys...........-. 118 Helichthys\s-cacsece se 2 118 | Galeichthys<-----+-5--2=- 118 Dr 950) 0S ye erate tate Pa ae tee 31 Bag Omp hod se ees. ace eas -stelsiae =a 46 | littoralig=- scene ca-- = 47 MM ACHONawese a ee ae ae eas a= > 521] MBA MTS Sate oem cle ssleis scot eaeiss cies as 33 ann Deets ae ate erate 38 Jongimang s-ces- soso se 38 milbertisscacssoseeaeeaeeee 37 nicaraguensis....-.-.-.--.. 39 platyrhynchus........-.--. 36 eulepis, Microgobius ...........-- a 2244 ’ Euleptorhamphus..-.......-----..-. 723 brevoorthees-es-- 724 longirostris.--... 724 VelOxiicarie ass ro 724 Eumesogrammus......-..----.----- 2441 Precisus!--a)2--- 2441 subbifureatus ---. 2440 Eumicrotremus ......-..-.-.-..---. 2097 OLDIS te2ete sates 2099, 2100 spinosus ........- 2098, 2099 eumorphus, Chatoessus .....--..--. 433 Eupomacentrus .......-...... 1549, 1550, 1551 AQUSHOS) eas ase se: 1551 analisesssceiete2 22 1554 dienczeus’...---.... 1552 flavilatus ...-...... 1557 flaviventer. .-...... 1557 MUSCUS Salsas = 1552 leueConus= ne cts. : 1551 leucostictus -...... 1555 Otophorus).- 4. <== 1555 partibas}s=s.2 \<--- 1558 planifrons)..=.2---. 1559 rectifrenum....... 1553 | SHIT POD OLISe ee eee saeieeiseiieiniata='= = 1006, 1007 | AUREUS le emieteete relat rel= oral =a = 1010 CULYOLUS samme none nano n= 1008 PID VOSUS ee cemces ee ~ = s)= 1009 INGLOS owen =e tele raise a ietale 1007 holbrooka= 22222 2\--)\'0s 1008 ihumilig® = 2s2oehetsssc2: 1004 macrochirus ......-...-- 1005 pallidus seems escee= 2) 1006 europeus, Aspidophorus .......--. 2067 BlONNIUS = ee. 52 aia ssee = 2419 PEPACHULUS! s\secst=m= == 1 911 | Huropean Barracuda. ---s-.....-.-- 826 Charrise nance ncese cases 508 Page Hurnopeanwlakewaccceccsecesece sees 2530 Mancelets <2: =<262s0--s<: 3 IPOPSIGS esas eet 1356 Scullpinetescse= sae esos 1974 Sticklebackses-ssssse sac. 747 HUny My Clerapsesaesare aaa cee 392 enryopa., Chiolaves= pera eee oeee ee 270 Hudsonius -..-..- Sei seein 270 euryops, Bathylagus...........:... 529 leelussenssc sce eee 1915, 1916 IMiyXOSTOMa= asso sees eee 193 RvlOSUrUS -oseee oe cee see 711 euryorus, Eupomotis..-.....--...-.. 1008 Wepomis ssa. h secre 1009 Bury pharyugide) o2..25-2.---sseaee 406 euryplectrnm, Diplectrum ......-... 1206 euryrhina, Enchelycore..........-. 390 BUY SbOlGfoemecine-os seine aes eee 802 Oriarehansna4-n25 tse Seeee 803 eurystole, Stolephorus ...........-- 445 eurystoma, Cliola s-se-mcsec Soo oe sec sosece 736 cyanopterus-..---------- 739 GO Wile ene scee eee eee 735 @vOlans: sca ecc eee eee 730, 2885 exsilions ie sceseereerees 732, 734 Exocetus fasciatus ..-.--...:...... 733 fuUrcatusiease sence ieee 737 georgianus:.......-.-..-- 730 Gib bitrons ss. 4 seco 741 gryllus.ceses sso ses 729 heterurus:2--- eee eee 735 hillianmus 2-22 se sees 729 lamelilifer-s--5.t 42-eee 733 lineatus as su-0 sseele 3 739 lutkenizt-seassccs cess ces 736 maculipinnis.......-.---- 737 melnurwsieceecece = eee 735, 736 mesogaster......------.. 729 MONOCITLUS-e eee ee eSee 730 NiSricans.o-eeses-e sees ee 737 noveboracensis--.-.-...... 735, 736 mt baller steerer 737 Obiusirostris)sso-so2 2 2--e 730 orbignianus'=--.2.2-----. 729 PARTS ee ees etee eles 740 PLOCHO = seme eee aie ae 737 Quadriremissscce--ce=m- 735 POMEL eae ee cerns ae ae 735 TODUSUUS ee ceeeee eee se oe 736 rondeletii: $255.2 2. es ee 733, 734 rubescens = 22-22) eeeec 734 RNAS ee eee eect 735 SCyllan2 Jee ece teeters 735 speculigersascsere— eee see 734 spilonotopterus ----.-..- 740 Bpilopustsaseeee cee. 738 Splendens@=s--e-necee 730 vermiculatuse.-2------- 740 VINCIOUOLL: jaass ae ala 734 VOlAW OF seas esa cen seaeeee 733 VOLb ANS see seen er 734, 736, 2835 ZOROPLELUS 2----2 5-1-1 -1-\0° 738 PROPSIOSSING 222s ose wee sa =a mi=i= = 204 EXO OLOSS UME ns = ae)ee eee ee sei 327 annolatiim$ sees. ss cee 327 dubinm=2s2esshees eae 206 lesueurianum ..-.-...... 327 maxillingua....2-.::/. 327 mirapileseseerseeecseee 303 nigrescens ......-..-.. 327 spinicephalum ..-...-- 206 WItbAt WON seems sl oeeees 327 exoletus, Acantholabrus -..-...------ 1576 Centrolabrus~:--:-=-.---- 1576 Eig bTUS esassecceee meee 1576 My XONAUbESi S.cemeeee se e-neeee rare aa 2835 AMNISs sss Awe ates 2836 OxsSilionss..- en sae aeceee 2836 rondelethivss-.css-ee el 2836 TOL US te le ete eer ere 2836 a Exonautes speculiger .-.....-.----- WINCISUCITS === cee expausum, Ostracion .....---.------ exsiliens, Exonautes ..-....-......- extensus, Fundulus.-...--..---..--- aycodapus =---2---..-.-- faber, Chetodipterus ........-..... Chetodonhs-5- see ase een ee EDO US eee eee BEND OI AIS ees sees erie tere Sie =iai= oe fabricii, Campylodon ....-....------ Centroscyllium. -.--.--.--. @ottoussre + sere en ceseee : Gadus n-saccmscascae. eens Gumnnellusieec-seeceose aac Asians esters sia/s tas erersi 2 AGN P CNUs pee e rasa cee IMaCrOorus ces sen eric -esee= Shuswap: ----------- Mycteroperca ....-..-.-..--. phenax ...--- Seriolaiseace eo eeaeteene-2/= 212 falcabus, Caran aeweseanieciccss 2 - Epinephelus =-----2.-..... GINGA AT Ke aerate ice AO GU Stee ae so clere &cis,Ja)= = achnolaimus:---.-.------ OLN AMES meme = ia ercicyeaice see DPALUSP ech enias sass 2-2 = ore HINO GUS sea ater eciei-ela'= PETISOGELODIS ses seiiece inn) falciformis, Carcharhinus. ---.-.----- Carcharigsyre acs =ini- = =\< 27 Platypodon---.----.---- falcipinnis, Elacate.........--..-.-- Pa llaxe (Caran CUS eee) ise aialel= <= >= Waranke semen etree es sana OMOLISs eos sss eiceceece se A PACHUUGU Sasa tetera aie c'aie c= Balltishmyedwres s-scee se sc45= See Mallenshesescas cases eoace -ecces = BH) 2a DEL eae eye eletade eas) ales oll fae ost eee see ere eer ease siete faininial= is ANTALIS; ONALeL ALES some <2 -7--- 2 BEAN OEE O sete pease etait ein alin =o Han-taledSDarter--acese-2+ses< = - = Mr Gtimere eerie ces eicar AEN OUS sala seievaiaje sets main ieiata =e BNLOTAPE eee ee cee sacs Gbrdtet ea scogsesansesescqosdoce PATON OGM epee ator alata aia eels = le WariomewbDeLryieasssce += seeer. =e 1724 2836 646 2438 | 12], 2128 | 2437 2582 905 913, 2845 1185 | 2845 | 942 286 425 2975 Page. Haniostellabusyasmereeaces cas saa ee 492 USUP PLLC eee eemeee eee. =e 493 far khan Woe bOtes---eeeeeteeee- eee 1236 fasciata, A phoristia ---+--.252....: 2710 Cichla ese ee Gee 2 1012 Clupéaie=. cee aeseee eee cer 426 Molinesia ~2.22222aoesc1e0' <2 695 Plaqusiai-cs-cesecre etme 2710 Poe cilia cio.--heseeeeeerer 641 Seriolatcuc tant s2 tec ee 904 TAD Ate to raamiowise sieeeee 2183 fasciatum, Doydixodon .-.-.....-.-. 1383, 1384 Pristipoma <.23--22--25.0 1339 fasciatus, Achirus .....- Sadcesnewes 2700 Auchenopterus....-.---- 2373 IBrybtusieceee reece ees 993 Caranx~ cp see sees 914 Carapus'222seseessee eae 341 Catonotus\--cessss-eeeeee 1098 Catcéstomus=--25--2---=-- 187 Centrarchus:..<.-..-.-.. 1012 Centronotus: =. .2=-.-+-.- 2418 Cremnobates)-=.-- ==--.--- 2373 Ctenogobius........-..-. 2223 Diplesion= esses —- 1081 IDSORe secnveaberingoas aoar 626 EO C0 EWS eae eerie saat 733 Genyonemus .....------- 1479 Gaibone sae se ese sees eee 340 Gobiesoxtea--- 44a 2338 GODT Steerer a rereveeteteiete 2222 Gunnellus).s2eseeas sete 2418 Gymnachirus ..-....----- 2703 Goymin ObUSh eee eae 340 Halatractus .-...:.-..--- 904 Harpurusy sos ee eee 1691 Hemirhamphus ----..-.- 720 (anim See eee sasee eases 1424 Murnoides.-...--.-.-.- 2418 Mytilophagus .--.....--. 1504 Orthagoriscus.......---- 1754 PhOlMSst ace 2 ae ree 2417 Pimephalesesa---see ee 217 Pogonias eer a ---e-1- \1—- 1483 Prionodes)=- see sae == 1212 SCOMD Giese 904 Sebastes is ssasee <2. 1761, 1827 SHOW Ese eocineeaneoasecene 2338 Syngnathus .-....-...-..- 771 St OMS ees 536 ‘Letragonopterus ---..--- 304 ER rae icU Sie oe etna caesar 904 Trachynotus -------.--=- 941 fasciculare, Diplectrum ----.--.---- 1208 fascicularis, Centropristis-......-.- 1208 2976 “Index. Page. Page. fascicularis, Hippocampus --..-----. 778 || Mierasfer borealis) <2 22 -sece.ece= see 2443 Serranuseesneoecereea 1208 Gulbius?cuwseseest eee reese 2496 fasciolaris, Catostomus ---.-------- 186 | fierasfer, Lycodapus .-.---...-.--.- 2493 Notropis umbratilis. ..-. 301; | ierasteridie tes. s-nss see eeeeee eee 2494 Sebastichthys.-...-.---- 1827 | filamentosus, Ailurichthys.......-. 118 Symphurus ......-.---- 2707 Argyriosus 25-..--2-. 936 fasciolatus, Coryphwena........---- 952 Dente san eee eee 1289 Mathback -eccceecccessassceeeeee ree 433, 946 Felichthys\-.--=-2-=-- 118 TAD EEG le ei ganoomndonsosadcacnsose 217, 1585 Hemirhamphus .-.-.. 723 Kather-lasherm--secere ee aces eeseeeee 1971 Tcehinuss---ee- eee ee . 1893 favosus, Bathygadus..-..-. Swept gous 2565 Monacanthus .....-.-. 1716 Bens seem aces eee =e 2380 Scomberszcees see ese 932 fecundus, Catostomus..-..----..--- 180 Tarandichthys ...-..- 1892 Melichthys == -sseeeemees = eee eee ANGe Walefishhceaoe-e eee eee 1712, 1715, 1717, 1718 baore pees ee-e eee eee 117 Orange ss eaee eee ee eee 1718 bahiensisiss-s-4¢ 2 seeee- LSihlicornis Blennins sss eeee ne eee 2381 CU GOUKI eee eee Ss litera, Chalimuranessncceececeocee: 2577 ’ filamentosus.-...-------- 118 | fimbria, Anoplopoma-.-.-.-.........-.. 1862 MAaTINUS sees ees ee eee = 118 Gadusts-ceesae eee eesteece 1862 panamensis ---.---..... 117 | fimbriata, Cyclopsetta .......---.-- 2676 pinnimaculatus-.--.....- 7 Ragen eae eee eee eae 93 felicianus, Cyprinodon .....-...---- 676 Soleaea- acces ac omemcceae 2700 ‘inifarciusesec-aese= ee 676 | ~ SQM ae = een ere eee 59 felnus olMeloduUsT one aas eee ee = 140 | fimbriatus; Aichirase-2-52-5-2---5-- 2700 SOLLaRUSE eee eee e eee aa 1187 ATNOS1OSSUS)-==2-- =. 26 2677 felis, Anarrhichthys .......:....... 2448 Blennisssssese2 acces ae 2457 ATTUSTe ee ere " 1930 Guaperva lata....-..-.-.. 1702 | formosa, Algansea*:-::2.-2-2-5----- 246 | @hiolar.saSss5oscce=5 22 -lose = 271 Etheostoma::.:--2.---2---- 2853 Hieterandriaie=ss422eseree 687 Hydrarsy rae: ---nt-caeece 2827 | Wen COSz aes saseee oe ee os 246 Mollienisidin.--ssnsjeece ce 699 IMP OMT AN Sas pa = cscs Sela 271 IP OLGA saan senses esate as 1208 Wiranideas.s22-sesearesse sc 1969 formosulum, Campostoma.....----- 206 formosum, Diplectrum ...-.......-- 1207 Hremulonisf-s24-2--s5 20 1305 fOrMOsSuSs,- Al bUTMUSs ee cess se oe 280 | AMmthiastss=.ceeSocseat- 1304 Callus ees scene eee 996 Cottus--c- eee eenccce 1969 Girardinus .....--.------ 688 | Helacanthuseec--.- =. 1685 Wenciseus) essssssecssces: 246 | WSU CUSias se ae eee eee 246 IN (OLE OWDAS ota is terse racer 271 SPHELOLGeS ese eee a 1736 | Moeirodony 2. ss2e=sseeee-e- 1737 forskali, Glossodus:.-.--o2ss2=5-/--% 411 forsteri; Sphyrvena.-..-..26.--5-5.-. 824 forsterianus, Catostomus.......---- 176 POS GET el UU leligetiate ete late ae alta aime 412 Caran te ee seers 923 Scombresox- 255-2 sen- = -- 726 Four-Bearded Rocklings ....--....-- 2560 Hour-eyedsbishesseces-s-7es- 5.5 -— == 684 Four-spotted Flounder ......--..--- 2632 Hox Sharkessesasetesceee es ssat en ss 45 fragilis, Citharichthys -....-.....--. 2680 HMraAnC@Ssa, WAS ai cs sc—scitoe scfecic< sos 410 ftrancisei; Crestacion- =. 2521.52.25. Gyropleurodus -...-.---- 20 | franklini, \Cotgus) 42-2. ..2sseesencs= 1967 Pleuronectes ..-..------. 2650 | Wmranid@ares...se0c5-scs6~ 1967 Fraser River Salmon i 2979 Page. fraterculus, Mylocheilus ..-........ 220 fremebundum, Hiemulon ....--.--- 1297 fremebundus, Diabasis......_...... 1297 freminvillei, Doydixodon......... 1382, 1384 Myliobatis ...........- 89 frenatus, Balistes) s22-2ase 522520406. 1705 Brachyistius 225225252... 1499 Micrometrustas=s-oo sees: 1499 Odontopyxis -....---..--. 2675 Sarriton-ssscns222 ac aeseae 2073 LENVOLO PIS sa5 t-aeeee 1877 ren che Grunts see s5. see cee eae 1306 Mallet st sse sate eee eae 813 HSS JaACGUeS esos. 4 see eee 846 wairesh-water Drum: -ss2824. 554s. 1484 Hel asssersccee eee 348 srevensis, Cliola) = 22554242 soeee eee 261 Hiv DOPSisesecemas et eee eee 261 INOLRODISys sao ee ee eeree 261, EDIE S ese soe aca een eee 789 friedrichsthali, Heros ..-..--:-:--- 1528 Mrigate Mackerels 2-255 2sc¢52225 867 irigidaMonianai..025---e4sc2c2 5-1 271 ISI US NOLO PIS) 4-- eee eee eee 271 TiviCodes! 222. saaeeeseisce as 2465 Hrilledi Sharks): ss22sseeeeene sete 16 MroguMisheseece seas see ie os oe 2715 frondosum, Sparisoma -.......--. 1641, 1642 {PONGOSUS) SCALUSis 2404 see 5-eeeee 1636, 1642 frontalis,|Caragux +s ssssee eee eee eee 925 Gastropsetta ..--..---.... 2636 MeUuCIsCUus\.+-5-4- asses eae 283 Notropis cornutus........ 283 ironto, Carcharhinus). cesses se- 39 Carcharias) = 22 ie eseesees as 39 INTOBUNB Woe aco ate aoe eee 2540 Mrost Wishes, 5. ---acmcgso-1- 2 sae ee 886 PEiny, Hiog-moubhSs5.5- 222. ees 444 | fhircensiss iparis tS. 22es- te cesses 2119 MT ROraOU a ese se esce a 2526 fucorum, Apodichthys...----.----- 2413 Blenmins sce ee 2379 SX OLOLPES= ser iseeeieell= tela 2413 SENS) COV IN Al eee te eee lal a oltre 1435 Miyriopristisy ses ses -e 846 Priacantnus] 5 seeecee =. = 1238 fl cada Med aren see eee ite eats = 329 fuliginosus, Balistes ...-..-.------- 1702 Chilomycterus -..------ 1749 Wied onsen =e ae eee 1749 Holeconotus==545.5--=5- 1505 Symbranchus ......-.. 342 fulva, Labrus chogset.-.---.-...... 1577 fulvomaculatum, Pristipoma. .--.-- 1339 fulvomaculatus, Labrus......-...-- 1339 481 | fulvum, Ginglymostoma ..--....-..- 26 2980 folvus, bodianusee---sseceses see see 1144 punctatus ..-..-.. 1146 UDC eee 1145, 1146 Hnneacentrus)==.-2--- ses ae 1145 outalibi -..-. 1146 Diapruss = soceact occ ee eae 1145 Physictlussae=-4eeresseee 2547 fdMeUS; NOGLOPIS eee eee ae 294 Hunal Scortanndiseeess-- eee sees se 1837 Mancinita 22 2-228heee snoop eee ee 1107 | Hundulinc ese este ees eee ae 631 | funduloides, Clinostomus .---...--. 239 Fundulus:=2==--:-<-2- 650 WeucisSCus -—.--- =.= =< 240 SO Malis ss eee em eee 240 Zygonectes -..-..----- 650 | Honduwlus|ses-seeeeecee eee 632, 633, 637, 2827 AMINA -S5-cc Sees teas 645, 2827 albolineatus ...-.--....- 649, 2828 | arlingtonius ...-..-.----- 652 SULCUS! saecccseccoce esse 659 ermud cesses eere sere = 643, 2827 catenahusie] ccs ceases 645, 2828 chrysotus .............- 655, 2828 cingulatus...........-.. 656, 2829 contlientuss:--2--=-soo-— 650, 2828 diaphnus2--.—-.css-ee7 645, 2828 menona..-...-- 645 | Gisparsseeccess- ae eee 658, 2830 | COIS aes oe sete 650, 2828 GENEGS ts ccgonhossaecence: 661 OXTENNNAN 5-2 2eeceoecee 646, 2827 floridensisis-.--es=- 642, 651, 2828 fonticolaceeeaceosmers eee 643, 2827 funduloides:s-ccs-seee- 650, 2828 FUSCUB ceiess owessinaccsee 624 POOd Si asses nee aes ee 2831 | PTANGIS <2 oes sae ce Soe 2827, 2828 guatemalensis.:......-.- 660 guttatus..-%------. 22. 658, 2830 henshallis-s2- ee acee cee 653 heteroclitus ©=-.--:---2-. 640 badius=-2---- 2827 grandis .....- 641 macrole pido- tus Po eee 641, 2827 hieroglyphicus..-....... 658, 2830 | J ONKING os ee See cee 651 eamsie' sce cece eee cee 2828 labialiseassen i eoees tee 644, 2727 limbatus ........... 643, 649, 2828 | Inches sis se ele ees ots 654 macdonaldinsesseeeeeaes 650, 2828 majalisss2s<2ceeone 63%, 2827, 2828 melapleurus.--......... 659, 2830 mudfish poses sesemees see 641 | Fundulus multifasciatus........... 645 nigrofasciatu .........-.-- 641 MNO LAUUS) as seen acini ete 659 NOC eece sec seeaee rece 656, 2830 ocellaristesasceeeee 642, 2827, 2828 pachycephalus ...-...... 661 pallidiis)sct 2s --2-5 2-- Se. 638, 2827 parvipirnis.-...... 649, 2827, 2830 pisculentus>:—-2 ----2e-- 641 pulvereusy- <2. -s-e cee 652, 2828 punctatus -=5--5----2--- 637, 2827 AGH Ue see ee eee 649 BhIZOphorwe =. -s-es eee 644 TODUSUUS tee as-e eee 644, 2827 TODOS see-saw ee 653 Seartes) 2-24 .s02-c-ee ee 654 Sciadicus:4--sses- seeeees 654, 2828 SOMINOMS ea =sasso eee ee 647, 2828 similis tease senate oe 638 stellifers22s-A. oe nee ee eee 147 Schilbeodes:s-2aec2s.ese" 147 Siderdzs 22. eeeee nes eeee 396 fares: Percaso--os5 cece cease aee 1200 WurTeariasccraseees ese eee eee 1545, 1546 Cyan ateeeeale- ate eee 1547 DUN Cb2R oe ae ainme eee 1547 - furcatum, Ditremac.sseeeceeeeeac 1506 furcatys; AMI LUs ee a2 ee eee Syaeloss Cypselurisae-eeeeseee ame 737, 2836 Wxocwtus).-s-252 2 9sco8 737 Netalunus Ss-sceeescenee ee 134 Phanerodon-2---2--2-s226 1506 Pimelodus 4. 222-2--eee 134 Hurcellate<--j-s-ceasespeceasee eee 2472, 2869 diapierg=. =e essa 2472 | furcidens, Characodon ..-..-...---- 669 furcifer, Anthias=:-o-s---45--s0 =e 1222 Brachyrhinus.......-.-.-. 1222 Paranthiass sesso scee eee 1221 Pimelodusizescoacesseeeeee 135 Serranus):' 2c. ctecee osee ee 1222 furciger, Tcelusisss-os-nece-oeeee a 1913 Hurcimanustoosues- <0 eeeereee er 2869 furecrsea; CoLryinaesess<-ceeeie eres =. 1460 Index. L[ndex. 2981 furcrea, Perca..--...--.---.---+--- ‘furcreeus, Pachypops. ..-------..--- PACH UGH See eens ees i= FOTIOSUS Pe NOOULUS = =s-=-se~ seein oe Schilbeodes.....-....-..--- Roo ATOR roam ae eie eens (Car aTixde ates ees eens Corvina (Homoprion)..-..--- Hemicarank see. == == <== iPellonasen--ceees rie eae Pri stipomaies= ees ss= = = sini SO lao Uae eee eee Sphiwroidesves-s4-+5s- 6 se Spheroides)sso-—- <---> Stelllifer: 25.55 252¢ ss252see= Rachisumag\scessseeoseceeere MachiySULUs tse se ceee HiUnVUSs SOLLAHUS sms oe-i-il-- se cerns fusca, Meheneis= --2=---- 26 ==- == 2 PAS AA OW TA a taraterela mei ovate = =t= Labrus tautoga...--....-..--- fISCATUS, SUUTOS sss oes sco eee fuscoauratus, Tetragonopterus ---. fusco-maculata, Acara......--.-.--- Hehidnaes=-ce2s. 4: fusco-maculatus, Chromis.----.---- fuscula, Haliperca -...---.---...-.. fusculus, Centropristes -.....-..--. fuscum, Siphostoma .-..-..-..----- TUSCUS; A CLOMUTUS -\s-. =. se sec en == SAV UEUCD GS teretetate fe imretefotetererae intel MiglommMuso--n-c6-- eee oc Eupomacentrus .--...---.-- Rand alse eae cae sie saice Gadus tomcodus .......-.-.- Hemirhombus=-ss2----- 2 Pomacentruse=..-)-.+--~-- IERIE | 6 yooso Bon ocseadSencee Serranusee 2 seco ec ece cee Syngnathus......-......... ‘Prachinotus).---..=--< == fusiforme, Etheostoma...-...--..-.. fusiformis, Boleichthys ......-...-- Boleosoma...-.----.---- Hololapise=--cense-2 a> Phalangistes ........--. Pocilichthys..-...-...- fy lige Raja-s- a= -1 See ee eeiaas (Galilei ar aesedondes eacSupoceenearasd gabonensis, Argyreiosus ....--.---- Page. | 1460 1459 | 1460 | 149 149 1462 1463 132 914 1441 914 436 436 1319 1441 | 1737 | 1737 1441 132 132, 2787 1200 | 2270 624 1579 1483 140 B04 1540 403 1540 1211 1211 770 1692 2504 2868 1552 624 2540 2686 1552 951 1181 770 942 1103 1101 1102 1102 | © 2048 | 1102 | 69 91 Page. gabonensis, Caranx setipinnis ..... 935 ViGM Ora ou 934, 2846 Gadellaieececescestce essere cesses 2545 Gadid epee re oo eeepc 2531 GACT Boysen ete oe ners Sas 2531 Gadus saase eae aoe serene 2540 weplefinus! ss. s-ce eee oe 2543 AP iso saeco 2534 albidus'2: .!35-4-22 ee eee 2531 aTCNOSUS = =-5 2622 eee 2541 aura buss. ess Fe ee eee ee 2542 barbatus? sa.ct seoc ss oes 2541 DLOSMO sss ses sae eee 2561 Californicus? --eeceseeeee eee 2539 callaniasteeeeeee Swine eens 2541 Garponarvsteses ao eeeeeeee eee 2534 chaleogrammus ..........--- 2536 CIMIPLIUNG eee oe eee eee 2560 COliNUS)- 2ee ee eee cee eae 2535 COWUPEOSSUS tec ep ees e ee 2551 TADTICI sacle t te wes ae eles ee 2534 HIME os on sae see oacs nce 1862 PlACiANIS 6 =a as ee See ne 2534 SUEACWIG teeta. a ae Feiss 2538 heteroslossus) sass. sees 2541 JACUSUCISK bees cae see 187, 2551 TON PAPESE eae ete eee 2555 Mab: ss Sater ctacte Mec eee aae se 2561 Machocephalusieen sa eeee eee 2541 maculosus -.--- sane be Sees 2551 MANUS Wasa s ve oseasoseee ase 2541 Taras ae Seer tise eee 2546 IMOLIICCINS is ese eee e ee 2530 METIUS sae oes eee 2530 HIN he aA saa GOeSE eoRehoosacda 2552 MOLPNUA Sees cere eee 2541 OSA Cera eee eee er eae 2542 Ofat -SSseee cose es cee seee ee 2542 PSLISCOPUS s-- esse eee eee 2536 polymorphus=---3-----=----- 2540 productuss-e-—5-52-9--2--6 = 2531 PIO RUS tate eae eee at 2539 PUOUROSUS pees eee een 2540 punctatus). --2 = - eae ----- 2553 TY 2p oe LS eee eee 2542 Thy OOS 6s a aeeds mondo bsccones 2552 TUDORS serene nae = seis ieloieie heel 2530 RD POS UES eee ate ate 2541 Sad aeeene emacs cee cee stat 2534 Ue A ae ee eieise = atait= ata 2316 COMMIS see eo Aaa ee ae nici 2555 TOM COG ee cameo ewes aes 2540 TOMCOGUS peepee eee See eae 2540 fUSCUSie-cEee eeeee 2540 WUGOUS = er sateinreteiaiat= 2540 MiUiXtUSte ces ee- es 2540 Index. \ Page. Galeocerdo tigrinus .---......--...- 32 galeoides, Otophidium ............. 2491 Galeorhininwe ce es- eee eee 27 Galeorkinus =~. 2-5-2: 2--sese eee ee 31 ZY OPUCTUS acl elt 32 Galeus 2 ee See cee sce ee 29, 31, 2745 Califormicus = s=s- eee eee 30 dorsaliss semen a seeeee eee ee 32 maculatises----ee see sees 30 galeus, Epinephelus.-.-.--......-... 1164 SelvaANUS Sa: 22 eae meme cere 1164 Gallichthys'-2- Seveoen essence eee 931 gallinula, Monacanthus...-... Eee 1716 Galliiwaspre.ce sss heaceeeeeer ase 538 Gallas; esses seen Seer 931 WILESCONS = == =)c ae cee 932 gallus: \ZGUs= 2-2 seas == 746 gaucharote, Cheetostomus .-.-.------ CANaG ise eens ne= = = 948 Hemiancistrus-.-------- CATON MIS serene em = 944 Hypostomus.---.------ cataphractus.....-.-- 749 gavailis, Lepisosteus .--..---------- CONCINMUS=ssa6=- == == 745 | gayi, Epicopus -.-----.-------------- dekayieeseee- mec --r 746 | gelatinosum, Melanostigma ...----- 1187 159 159 159 110 2530 2479 2984 Index. Page. | Page. gelatinosus, Careproctus -....---- 2134 ASS sGeLNeS: seamen ee eee 1373, 1377 Cyclopterus -.-....-..- 2135 AP OMe ocean coescopancrpacar 1373 DATS eee ninnae o- 2134, 2135 aLSenbeus:- eae eee cee 1371 gelidayAmmocrypta-..--------- ---- 1064 aureolusieioeetecten eae eres 1375 gelidus, Ceratichthys........--.--.- 317 axillaris. cestencesnencetneeee 1378 Gobio= ce lsccsseeaee ears 317 | brasilianus=s-- 2. seecseee esos 1378 IE DOPSIS Sa open eee 316, 317 latent) IS sscoccesececme- 1377 geminatus, Blennius.........-....-. 2385 DEG VIL OSUrIS eee seat eens 1376 Hypleurochilus.....--.. 2385 californiensis!-s25-2-eeeeese. 1370 gemma, Hypoplectrus .............. 1193 CINCTCUS: = =e oeessceaceee ere 1370 gemmiter, Astronesthes .........--. 586 dowirtsseseetaceeteee eee s 1368 Lampanyctus ..-..--.-.- 559 | GN Ake Soscnpaobecocecsenoe 1379 Gem pylid sae eee ences 877 | oraciligh=-s--- =--eteeee noes 1370 Gempyling! --eeee es eee eee 878 | gulattest oe sae eee 1371 Gempylus):3:ates- ere eee 883 | harene ulus \scascersse see etes 1369 coluber: hese ee eee 884 _ jonesi {<- 35222: Ss. eee 1368 ophidianus .............. 884 | lineats stso-= see eee 1377 promethens 222... .------ 883 | MEX1ICANUS == 2. -ce eee eee ee 1380 SCLPONS se cos ee sea eee 884 | olisthostoma!? 2-222 --+-s-sece 1377 SISOLAN AE Sse seen cee ae 883 | olisthostomus --...-....--..- 1376 generosus, Catostomus .--...-.---.- 170 | PAblAO 1. scteeicaezee eee ees 1378 Rantosteus)~2- 2-25 csee 170 | PSLUVAANUS~ o- ee see ee ee 1376 Genicanthus'= popes. easton acer 1682 | planers: ce seen cement 1379 thLCO LOT eee eee eee ere 1684 pseudegulac----2 =.= -soeee 1368 (Gentwarsansn: cca ee ese oe eee 1586 rhombeus-e--reee ce eeee cone 1374 genizara, Clepticus.-...........--.- 1587 Squamipinnis) 2-2 oeene 1373 Rabirubias = =ss-25-- 1586 | ZO Dia seem nescence eee 1373 Pentilis blennims sees ee see ee eee 2388! | Gerridse...2 esses osese ee ecec ce meee 1366 Hypsoblennius............ 2387 | ghini, Orthragoriscus....--..-...-. 1754 Tgasthosseeres see soa ages | Ghost-fish. -.2. 002) oe ee 2443 Genyatremusteescecos= eee eee sree 1342 | gibba, Pterophryne ..-...-...-..... 2717 LOTUS ee eee eee 1349) | cibber, Salmo) cs. a- ee eee 478 Genyonenusi esse tet es ae eee 1460 | sibbiceps, “Herosiee. ~~~ meee neers 1536 fasclabusieeteeeeereee 1479 | gibbifrons, Cypselurus.-.-...-...-.- 2836 lineatus .....-.....-- 1460 | Exocootus ........2..02- 741 Genyorope 2) ere see cae ye ene 1247 | Gibbonsiae-c--e tee eee eeee ms eecee 2351 WATIIS saoeraccas sane eee 1246 | ClGZ ANS eerie ae aeee ees 2358, 2869 Genypterus omostigma............. 2490 | OVIdES eas scendee eet ees 2352, 2869 Genytremus= seers: see cee 1314 | gibbonsii, Holeonotus..-........--- 1509 interruptus.-.......---- 1319 gibbosa, Cliola ..-..-.-------------- 272 geometricus, Anchisomus .......-.-- 1736 | Gulareesseetciee® sacle see2 == 235 Chilomycterus ........ 1749 | Moniana --6+25--.-~- 235 Galle COD IUS ase ee eee ane 2209, 2211, 2216 reticulatusie=-ss54-coe- 2328 DlepidOtUS==4- ees eee 2259 DHessodony-ee sek aes 2340 ADI OLC Ren ae = eee eee 2201 rhodespilusen----sseseee 2335 AMOT OL fe, tas see eee 2218 TUDISINOSUS) 2-55-4245 e =e 2337 bavalause esse ao: asses 2230 TUpPestris)-—-e-se see seco. 2341 badius-= ss. eee 2227 SUCUMOSUS =~ = nen ee eee 2333 bamanar: eee dee sees 2236 tudes 2=---5-- eee - el PalAadORUS eee = ae PISODIS | - -ee <= ene i— Eseaces PLUOMICTIE = =. eee eee eee shufeldiil -23-ssc25~5- 55-2521 smaracdust se-ecees ee cece AMVTHCNSIS asec ae aoe soporator.-...-- See ee SUISMALICUS) sees ee eee a stigmaturus-.....-.0..-.-.. SUMP Ans ete ee eerie Palas Cae eras see ee thalsssinuss--soacbee eee GOWNSON Gece ese eee eee viridipallidus wurdemanni Sharp-tailed -----...--.....-- goddeftroyi, Percichthys ---......-. godmanni, Cichlasoma..-...-..-~--.- TH eGLOSee eerie Pimielodns\s~ ase === qe Rhamdiae-s.--- eee Gorple-eVves---eceseso- es - eee Got clerk nacema= == ee= ieee Golden Shiner:--5--.-+--i-5--- =e Trout of Mount Whitney -- Goldfish cece soc asee see eee Goletizeiiacqe aces nics seers alate (GROIP acbaoocnpseccdsasseeess05e0 (E@IND Wilseeasosopassesdgssdae SSkS% gomesii, Ophichthus -.-.--.-....-.- Ophichthysea--e reese Ophisunusy-se-moeecsene a= Goneniony eaeee see erecta seaaiae Goniobatis aes mace eee teres =e MACLOPlera.---<6--.---- Gonlods ’2-scccecera- seen ieeemas Goni0narce wet ese eee ee eee sees Gonilopercajca. ssc eee eee Gonioplectrus--2-----s=-esss---eeec Gonocephalus 2252 scseerce eer eeeee Index. Page. 2235 2248 2218 2230 2232 2224 bo ol So Gonocephalus macrocephalus ...-... Gonochsstodoniees-een--eeeese eee Gonopterus Gonostomaise.=- 22-20 noe eee oe elongatum -....-.--.:.- microdons--e eee Gonostomine =... --45-ceeeoee eee Gonostomus acanthurus..........-. Goodeassenc-scceeces seer eee abripinnis)sscseseey eee reece goodei, Aldrovandia .....-..-...... TIM yO eee nee eee ere er HialosHunnsseeeeee eee eee Hymenocephalus ........... Lucania: 32 sesa-cser eoeneee c Macrucus: {5-2 senie-eeeeneeee Miyliobatis: sot. <= r= 518, 2871 Grammatopleurus.--...----......-.. 1866 Montan assess tenses. 519, 2871 lagocephalus .-.. Crt GT ey LUT: eee alee lel eh stalatealtaia at toler 517 Grammatostomias...............-.. 590) | Great Albacore -- <5. 22sec ose = 870 dentatasieeessoee 590 gAtMID ER HSN. ee es aetatctos wiewciatate 903 Grammichthysess2--ss-2- se as3 os 2693 | Barracuda. :---.-.----+------ 823 lineatus@eceeesssee 2702 Bear Lake Herring ....-.-.--- 470 Grammicolepidid .-............-.- 973 Blue Shark =- 2... -----<.---- 33 Grammicolepis= 2c: sacs. ssecesccss 974 Chub as asaeae sane 232 brachiusculus ...--- 974 Mound Greer sere eel eee 2652 Grammicononuscecene. aes eee- 725 | IN Wale isl SP ee cocnscccscac 740 Dicolors---5-no-c0-- 726 | Fork-tailed Cat.........-.... 137 Graminineeeaaets neseiae asinine 1131 | Cats ereeee setae sects e teeta =e 111 2990 Index. Page. Great Wake Wirout ee. csmen- ee eae 504 Northern Pike .-.....-- eee 630 Pempand Soestccesosecieesses 943 | Pike So 2.3 Saascscseeeee ees 629 | Pipefish’..- 525 5\-ceemelstee 764 Sculpines-ss-ce-e- see eee 1976 Sculpins.-.225-7e5-seeenesse = 1970 Sea Lamprey..sccse sa-eeeen= 10 TT Mn 16g eae eee see ese 869 | White Sharkeesce-cess. seas 50 | grebnitskii, Pholidapus ........-.-- 2431 — Green ‘Bass asecesets cooks oa eee i012 COO seus ee ak Sec eee Sees 2534 Parrot-fish s-c22 52 3s5 5.0221 1638, 1657 Pike S22 acc kee Seas eee 627 | Sturseomiacs see eosse sess 104 Sunfishits sss oosone ee eee 996 Green-back Trout--.--24-seeeeeeeee 497 Green-fish is. 25-5 Cae eee 1382 Alaskalc2s5=-iems tees 1869 | greenei, Uranidea .-..---.----..--.- 1965 preoniy COUeSIUS#-eemcc seers see 324 Neoliparist;s2ese-6s-- osc 2112) | Greenland) Gharr<.2:--t252--64-52 508,510 | Codfishatre stasis sere 2542 | Halibato oii set esenceoa. 2611 Greenling, 2s os2. 22 seme caeceetaiete 1871 Greenline sy: oe. ce sect eee eee eee 1863, 1866 Green-sided Darter=.-=------------ 1053 Gregory, Bea o2o-e= sere e ence 1555 Grenadiers: sep sc esse eee 2561 | PTOXs SCOMDOG ean eeee ee eee eee ener 867 grimaldii, Conchognathus --...---.--- 349 Grindless2sssceescseee ee eae tence 113 grisea, Dionda-ere-pe ee see eee 216 PMClOPev Ca -se.- arene ena 1022 Scienaees eee eee eeerteeeeee 1484 Unibranchapertura.....-..- 342 griseolineatum, Siphostoma.....-.- 764 griseolineatus, Syngnathus .....--- 764 griseum, Stizostedion canadense.. - 1022 OTISeUS, VACOMUS s 2: .2 24-228 175 Carchariasie=sseeees eee 47 || Catostomus= es scc ec sane 175 HexanGhns\]--neasseeeee os 19 | TaD GES eee eee eee ere ere 1257 [eat anu Syste ce ee eee a= 1257 IMGSOpriOne. qa cm cera eee 1257 Neomenis:.<---<222 50's. 55 - 1255 Notidanus aise es sacs 19 Saude bese ese aecee et 537 DOM Siete cee ea 19 groollsi; Ophidium=).---.----.------ 2487 groenlandica, Nansenia-.-.-...--... ine 528 grcenlandicus, Aspidophoroides. - -. 2092 Cotiust2t- cee s-ee ees 1975 Page. ercenlandicus, Cottus scorpius -.-.- 1975 Gunnellus7-2-22=—-"- 2418 Himantolophus - -..- 2733 Hippoglossus ...-.-- 2611 Microstomus......-. 528 Myoxocephalus .-..- 1974 ATO seas eeeeeeeS 521 Gronigs so 5:6 oe eee 135, 136, 142 DiC APTIS pase eeseee ree 142 gronovianus, Gobiomorus........-- 950 PTrONOVAl yA CHILO S se-n eee eee 2696 Aalurichthys-.- sess 117 Galeichthyatee----se-e oe 117 Gobiugi-s25-52 sseeeeeone 949 INOMeUS!s25220 nee caeeene 949 Ostracion:2----ss-seesese- 1725 Solea).. 252.02. seco aches 2696 ZOMECCS <2 252 siseeeneee es 2457 grossidens, Engraulis............-. 451 Lycengraulis .......... 451 Ground] Drammers: sees eee seen 1436 Spearin@s-2.ss-seeeceeeeeee 533 Groupereblacksso-s- esse seer 1161, 1174 Mangroves -cas-csesereee 1171 INassatl esl ices seeeeeee 1157 IRCCS Seegundodescedocase 1160 Yellows 25.ss-sesseseeee" 1183 Yellow-tinned .........-. 1155, 1172 Grouperss =... -5- 22 -ereeee eee eee 1148 Grubber Broed-head ~.-2-2---s2---- 447 (Garnlb Dygeee errr ee see ae 1973 grunniens, Amblodon........-..--- 1484 Aplodinotus -.........- 1484 Haploidonotus .--...-.- 1484 Tiabrus 3-5 seeteoesaece 1483 Mug saieie eset eee 1483 Grant, BlaGke menses ae eee ease eres 1297 BOSE aes cseiocse ae oreo eee 1303 Commoner 222 22 eseasecseens 1304 Hen Che. cen sas ene seeeRee 1306 (CAV ee ete eee 1296 Margarete. cncsnercemsoscocs 1295 Open-mouthed........-..-.. 1306 Red-mouthed!.--....-.-....- 1308 Striped!so- sss cena-eeeee ee 1296 Wihite ee accmaaes ese scleces 1310 Wellowpa--cs =<: 152 Rhamdia.-.-...----. 152 Reoboides..--5----- == 338 Guativeness- anon aes Saat 1144, 1145 PATMAT Ae teireceiadcesieies 1144, 1145 | Biiokasasse: Ss) a ace) 2 od 3 1146 Redosss--ahe<<< Setinicetenia 1145 guativere, Bodianus.........-...... 1145 SCRLAMUS seri -e i> <2 <1 1145 Guatneupajabasss---csee-se------- 1323 Giiavainanes secs eases Se Ss 2194, 2198, 2201 CUAVIN Aso eee cenocese: 2198 OVO, teens = ssce= =o 5 2236 IMaApOlscmese ses caccerete <2 2196 Métardeesc sete. ccs ae aeses 2200 guavina, Batrachus ...........-..-.- 2195 MIGOUrIS- bese neswee cece ess 2199 Index. 2991 guavina, Guavina guaymasie, Gillichthys guaza, Epinephelus guebucu, Skeponopodus guentheri, Percina Gueule, Petite guianensis, Belone guichenoti, Cayennia guineensis, Ostracion .-.-.......... gula, Eucinostomus GOrres)sdcocse sale e eee eee Gulitelonnd erst eee ee ee eas gulo, Holocentrus gulonellus, Leucosomus Pogonichthys (Platy- eulosa, Uranides. <2 ssessseeeee eee gulosus, Cathorops.-.-....-:---2... 133, 2788 Centridermichthys Cheenobryttus Gobins.....-. Lepidogobius POmObIss se 5=42-e eases Guulperseess a eee eee eee gulula, Eucinostomus gummigutta, Hypoplectrus Plectropoma gundlachi, Dormitator gunelliformis, Asternopteryx.-.-.- Centronotus Murenoides Gunellus ingens macrocephalus Gunnellus alectrolophus eee c ew eee wees cess wes Page. 2198 2194 2252 1154 1154 954 891 891 1034 2198 1370 715 2265 1725 119 63 61 62 1370 1371 234 234 2631 434 2810 1139 326 236 1945 1945 992 1945 1944 2244 2244 992 133 404 1371 1192 1192 1192 2198 2420 2421 2421 2419 2419 2419 2420 2420 2422 2436 2430 2992 Index. : ~— Page. | Page Gunnellus dolichogaster....------- 2417 | guttatus, Johnius............-..--- 1174 da prICieeee ese escaenee 2438 MamMprisece=ssiacosee eee 955 FASC AUS eee see ea 2418 bias eee eee aa 1269 grenlandicus..--------- 2418 TUUjaNUse eee oe eee 1269 islandicus ......--.-.--- 2439 Mesoprionis--ssceeeeee ac 1269 murenoides -.---.------ 2418 Miurzenoid essecaes 155-5 2419 nebulosum......-------- 2414 Neomzeniss.. 222 5--sese= 1269 ornatus..-.-- eee 2420 Ophisurus= se. osee eee 382 punctatus -e-es-ee=—r 2440 IPercCOpSIS(— =e eee rene 784 ruberrimus.-..-.------- 2417 Petrometopen ....-..----- 1142 Viol canis eee a 2419 Pomotis -ces. -essseene sere 993 gunnellus, Blennius..---..--------- 2419 Promicropss-ese-=ae-see= 1162 Centronotus...--.------ 2419 Sebastapistes -..........- 1848 Muyenoides...--------- 2419 Upsilonphorus .......---. 2310 JEANS oes coseonconacess 2419 ZOUs. nasa once eee eee 955 Gunnel see ese = sere] =e eaee eect 2414 Ziv Soneches--eessaee eens 653 gunneri, Scomber .--..------------- 955 | guttavarium, Plectropoma. ..-.---- 1192 gunnerianus, Squalus. ------------- 51 | guttavarius, Hypoplectrus-.---...--- 1192 gunnisoni, Cliola...-..--.---------- 273 unicolor 1192 Cyprinella.......---.--- 273 | guttifer, Ophichthus.....--..-.---- 383 guntheri, Aspidophoroides...-.-.-- 2090 Ophichthysss=sese-eeeeeee 383 Etheostoma ......-------- ‘1034 | cuttulatus, Hippocampus .-.-.--.--- 778 Hadropterus - .-.--------- 1033 Pisodonophis...-...---. 377 Halosaurus ....---------- 608 Pleuronectes-.....-.... 2640 Hoplopagrus..-....------- 1244 Pleuronichthys .--...-- 2640 Lampanyctus.....-.----- 559 | guzmaniensis, Catostomus -..-..-.-. 171 Vin oa ee eee ele 812 Pantosteus.......--. 171 Sinembojee-=e sera eee PAYS) | Ea imme Yel wbteits) Shanon osote Sonsne 2703 Sphyrena..---<.--.------ 824 fasciains) << s-etleaee 2703 Xiphophorus ...-.---.--- M02 |\MGoymie lCOunisye aso 2204 guntheriana, Alutera ..-.-.-------. 1720 seminuda.........-.. 2204 guppii, Girardinus -...-----.--------- 2834 SOMIMUGUS#s.2sece eee 2204 Gurnard, Big-headed .-...-.------. 2171 | Gymmneline 22-2222 ssice- 2-2 - 478 Head-fish ...-..-----------+-------- 1753 | Head-fishes ---------------------- 1752, 1753 | hearnei, Salmo ......--------------- 510 heberi, Scomber..--.---------------- 923 Hechudo.....---------------------- 447 heckeli, Balistes..---.-------------- 1709 Nerophis ------------------ 774 Syngnathus -..-.----------- 2839 Hectoria -..--------------++++------ 1138 heermanni, Amphistichus-...------- 1504 Heliases-.----------+-----*=-- 1545, 1546, 1548 insolatus ------------------ 1548 multilineatus.-.------------ 1547 Heliastes -------------------------- 1545 cyaneuS.--.-------------- 1547 Helicolenus -.---------------------- 1836 dactylopterus ---------- 1837 maderensis..----------- 1837 Helioperca.-----.------+++--------- 999, 1004 helleri, Cichlasoma-...-.------------ 1521 JLGrOs eee e ee escace === =m a= 1521 Xiphophorus. -------------- 701, 702 Helmichthys ----------------------- 353 Helmictis .-.----------------------- 353 helolepis, Trachyrincus - --.-------- 2568 Helops .--------------------+--27°*°° 103 helvomaculatus, Sebastodes.------- 1808 1760 Page. hamiltoni, Brachioptilon --.-------- 93 Hippoglossoides -------- 2616 Hamiletss--eseeeo ae ea 395, 1157 hamlini, Podothecus.--.------------ 2056 | Hammer-head ...----.---.---------- 181 sis Kee eee ate at 45 hammondi, Percopsis--------------- 784 iPimeloduses-sa.-4-6 === 135 Semottusi eee seer 222 Hand-saw Fish ..--.-.------------- 596 Hannahill ....-....------.---------- 1199 | Haplocheilus-.-..------------- 633, 2827, 2830 Haplochilus aureus ---------------- 659 chrysotus ..----------- 656 COVA eee ee wise ie enc a 650 fAoripinniss---s.s-->="— 651 PWG ie Seelam 655 ‘melanopleurus ---.-.-- 660 melanops..------------ 682 | pulchellus=---------<.. 659 SCIAICH Se eee eeeree a= 654 Haplodoci..-..-------------------- 782, 2313 haplognathus, Lepomis -...-------- 1004 | Haploidonotus -..------------------ 1483 | grunniens..-...---. 1484 Haplomi ---..---------------------- 622 Harder ..------.-------------------- 949 Mardhead 2--- => ss ceeee nes == === = 497 Hardheads...-.....---2.-..--=----- 719 Wardmontl os ec-- ss oer et eee == 208 Retame teu eee se mniesem cette eater 921 Hare-lip Sucker.-.------.-----.-=--- 199 harengoides, Glossodon .-.-.-------- 413 Harengula -..---------------------- 428, 430 aNCM ahaa a s-paialeaeee eee 431 callolopisi-sseee=-— === 430 | Glupeolae== =-s-see seer 429, 430 Ihumeralise---=—ce——-- == 431 jaguana ...-.-.--------- 430 macropthalma .-.-..--.--- 430 MACHIOSA) oe as ae eee wae 430 pensacol® ....-...------ 431 SAEGIN ales eee eela =e alae 430 harengulus, Eucinostomus..-------- 1368 Goerresipe--eee= === == 1369 harengus, Clupea -.--.----.----------- 421, 422 CoreCOnusiees neers: 469 aay eee totais een ias al 209 IVicy cits eet eer 1 818 | Querimana ...---.--.---- 817 | Salmoeeeeeoe see a=. =- 469 harfordi, Ptychocheilus -...------- 225, 2797 iar pease aaieerss taat == atl e 1581 cxeruleo-aureus -.----------- 1583 diplotzeniars2-=-------==- - 1582 eclancheri-.---<--s=-.--=---- 1583 | Hemdurgan .....0.e0.eeennsneereees 2996 Page. Hemiancistrusmecs- esc senses aces 159 aspidolepis....----.. 159 gaucharote.....-...- 159 Hemianthias, peruanus.-.-..--------- 1222 ViVaNus = aj eee 1223 PVeMiaTiUs sass =e see eee 119 Hemibran chile) eee eae ee TAL iHiemibranchs 7-4-2 see ee eereeeee TAL Hemibryconi-tee-eeecece-eeaeeeeaee 333 Hemicaranx--pes- eee eee eee 912 amblyrhynchus..-.-.-- 912, 2844 atrimanus ..-.+--.--.- 913. 2846 faleatus! 222503 -52sc55- 2845 furthiiews. fissteeee ste 914 lencuruss =) --eeec eee 914 SCCUNCUS\o2e- cs scee eee 914 ZOLOUES acta eineenemeree 2845 Hemichsetodont ses) - eee sees 1672 Femi Opius =~ ees eee eee eee 2210 Hemiprammuse sa. seoeees eee 333 hemigymna, Garmannia..-....-.-.- 2233 hemigymnus, Argyropelecus..--.-- 604 CObDIlUs meee Yael outa 2233 Eemilepidotin®-s-e0 seer aeeeaees 1880 Eemilepidotus ce ae stsee eee eee 1934 gibbsii.-.---. nb emose 1936 hemilepidotus -.-...- 1935 jordans eee 1934 SPINOSUSH eee -- oe eee 1937 tilesiieeese -ssee Seaton 1936 hemilepidotus, Cottus........-...-. 1936 Hemilepidotus ...-. 1935 Dali WMAAasasorodassoduccesecas 156, 157 Hemioloricaria .--..--. ceeuaesosenins 156 Hemioplites simulans .....-.-.-...- 994 Hiemio phituss=-essas-ee see sae 992 Hemiplus == <)j-t- ceric eee eee 249 lacustrisyessetecce cateee 250 hemipluss@yprinus 54-4244. oe one 250 Hemiramphidsey--c-----22 see eee 718 Hemiramphuseeseresssces ese eee 722 bal 0 be eae eee 723, 2835 brasiliensis ..-...-.- 722 DLOWMIeeeeeeeeeene 723 -Hemirhamphus fasciatus -.-.--..-. 720 filamentosus...-..-- 723 longirostris..-..-.-. 724 macrochirus....-... 723 macrorhynchus. ... 724 marginatus .-.-..-.. 723 picartiocs a-s-nssee 720 Plevin- see 723 Poe@yii og asecee 720 richard); ===. 5-= soe 720 TODGEbI = oeeeeee oe 721 ROS seciee eee 722 Page. Hemirhamphus unifasciatus....... 720, 721 Hemirhompissees eee see ean 2670 eethalion eee eee 2673 aramaca....--..----- 2673 fimbriatusss--ee- 42-6 2677 PUSCUS! Base as as 5.00 a i0 2686 ocellatus 32-c----s-e6 2673 Ovallist}esc-eaee antdiete 2674 peetulustee sce e cose 2672 Soleceformis = ---eee-- 2672 iHemirrhamp his les. -ee- eae eee 722 FU OMistOm ates eet eee ser aaclac sie ae ees 1642 guacamaia ---....-.---- 1659 Hemisremiaenec eee eee nee aoe 228, 230, 242 bifrenatars.-teees ooo 259 heterodons: 22.32 424s <5 261 MACWALA sane ssc ss 259 Vittata’ 22 sea gece =a 242 Hemitripterines: i] .c sees seas aes 1883 Hemitripterts asec eee ce ee 2022 acadianussscs ses 2023 americanus........ 2023 CAVIRONS} see 2023 marmoratus ..--.. 1889, 2022 RGM PON eee eee ease ear §2, 83 hemphillii, Stathmonotus ....-...--. 2408 henlei, Carcharhinus....-.......... 37, 2746 CarchariaS'-ess-cce-ceeee nee 37 Rhinofriacistessssessee se nee 31 LrACIs ean acceerteeeeareee 31 henshalli, Fundulus --....---.-..... 653 AV ZONCCUCS == eee aie nee 653, 2829 henshavii, Apocope .---------...-.. 312 Rhinichthys oss. 4-seses 312 henshawi, Salmo clarkii....-....--. 2819 MYKISS eee ei 493 hentz, Blennins\----5--=2-sose-=-n=< 2390 Hypsoblennius..........-.:. 2390 hentzi, Hypsoblennius.-.-.......-.. 2390 Tsesthes << 222s sc sceuetsecss 2390 He pabasgojeceenttec sere Soe ecmecion 1689 hepatus, Acanthurus ......-......- 1692 Grammistesss-seccceceeees 1343 Meubhisi 76228) 2 ses ee 1693 heptacanthus, Cheilodipterus .-.--- 947 heptagonus, Hippocampus......... 775, 777 Heptatreniidie 422222252. deccccses 5 Heptranchias maculatus....-.-..-- 18 heraldi; Detrodon. -32-=-22-- cesses 1736 MeriGhthys te. .-erene aeee el ae 1526 cyanoguttatus...-....- 1538 hermanni, Sternoptyx....-...-.--.- 603 hermineri, (Clintuste-4--4-+-ee Venison Oe: herminier: ‘Blennins=seesesee esses 2362 herminiger, Labrisomus -.-.--.---- 2361 Hermosilla..... Beeniocae See ees 1383, 1384 ~ ifaacel Page. Hermosilla azurea-----=--.------- 1383, 1384 HIGWDS) .6s8oesecS csacsscHeessesocous 1526 ALIS yee eee alae 1529 altifronsSss2s---14- =< === <'e- 1538 | SMC uu tele eee eee eee eee 1517 | UT CUS etcetera aieteeeie a= iinet 1533 | DalvesuUssaaeeeaes- setae = 1522 | DaSM ans. eee eters = aaetelat= 1532 | Wear ates sguee cae doe At 1538 | DIT ASC TUES eerie ester efeatalate = 1521 | Contmarcnnsiss serene st oee ac 1526 | CliTiMeWUS sss - eee eee 1534 | cyanoguttatus....-.-.---..-- 1537 dep pile aneseeceeree se sesece= 1524 GON Mear eto eee ecco tastes 1535 eryitireusecssseses a aeeee ace 1531 GR yUNLOUS = ane ts= meee islet tala 1531 fonestravuses-so-ee eee es 1518 friedrichsthali--------..-<.-. 1528 ID DICC PS = aes ose 1536 od MANN eee se eee ee 1516 nellert yo see 2612 Wulganis; assets 2612 hippoglossus, Hippoglossus ..-..--. 2611 Pleuronectes ....----. 2612 hippops, Campostoma ...-....-..---- 206 htPPOs; Caran ous esse. cep cs -lse 921 Caranx ae aaeteise saree acacia. 920, 923 Scombertaeseeres seece see ccs 908, 920 hippuroides, Lepimphis ..----.----- 952 hippurus, Coryphena --......--...-- 952 hirudo, Ichthyomyzon .......-..--. 11 | hirundinaceus, Squalus ...---.----- 33 HIT ON AO Se 5s os jae socialise a nities sa 2183 PACA TNS << . scerscces 2860 Holacanthusisss-ss2-2--c22 55 1682, 1729, 2859 Cilianiseesas sees: eee 1685 ClaRIONeENnSIsee eee) ee 1683 COMMMAbUS ae Set eee 1685 TONMOSUSie ease See = 1685 1OdO0CUS#e=-e-a=s eee e ee 1687 1GlOnOTUOS see eee eee 1735 melanothus ...-....... 1728 PASSO ES eos sseeies es = 1682 stricatys a: 5-4---2- 1683 EEICOLON Se ee ee eee eee 1684 | holacanthus, Diodon......-..------- 1746 Ostracion oblongus. --- 1746 | Holanthias martinicensis .---......- 1228 helbollis Ceratrasy- 20s -eeeeieee eee 2729 | holbrooki, Acipenser ..----.--..---- 105 AlUterus! ss. ---e2seeen== 1718 HMicheneis\se-natese css ee 2270 3000 Index. ) | | Page. holbrooki, Enpomotis..-.---------.- 1008 Gambusiay. o-2 os. seasncse= ae Heterangniane- = 2. aeeeee 681 Ophidi ont se- esse eee 487 Qphidiumyss--2--=-2 ee 2488 IPomotis! --=2-ss-e eee ae 1008 | holbrookii, Diplodus ..--.---.--..--- 1362 TepOMis ase eeesse ease 1008 Sar CUs seca eeeeeeeeer 1363 KiglGonoty .oscketessreoete cee eaa ee 781, 1493 Holconotus)sss-ee ese] esse 1502, 1505 A PASS AleeeeRee eee ee 1506 | analhign 2 eee assesses 1501 fulaeIMOSUsl= es = eee 1505 | mibbonsile see -ee-esse- 1509 megalops -.-.-- zoe eee 1502 rhodoterus 222s sess22= 2 1502 trowbridgii.----..------ 1497 WOH a: ssa. case wees a cetera sal 478 hollardi Hollardia 23252 scese=2-5- =. 1698 Hiollardigesesss=seeeee: ee caesee eee 1697 hollardis=. 2 ssce0sse>22—5 = 1698 holoecanthus, Diodon....-..-..-.---- 1746 Holocenthtus .s-2=- --=0ee 4+ eee e ier 847 laknlhoyecimieti bpenerapapaseccdoaceEaas 845 Holocentrum: = =s--2=- cases see 847 longipinne.---..--..-.-- 849 pevlatwmM se seeaes= 853 | productum....---.---- 852 prospinosum..-..----- 853 retrospinis......--.... 853 PAUP ARLONN eo ee 852 TOSstratwny: =-<-4-44o-5- 852 sicciferum) s-a..5se5-5- 850 VeOxlanitimnss=sasecc—e 852 Holocentrus: 322-222 22-2 22225 eee 847 ascensionis..--------- 848; 2843 nurusss2-e 849 SUEabRSt--— =e eee ee 1145 brachypterus..-.....--- 852 COFUSCUS ote eee eee 851 TID DOSUS ease -toeees 1319 PULO2 22 -sasenciss os 25 1139 MATMANUSs-saso2 eee 852, 2842 MOLOUW or ieeele i=l = 1154 | OSCUNUS: =. see sec 853 pentacanthus -.+-----. 849 punctatus: -.-.-....-..- 1153 TOSLEALUS= 2 s=--5 25 = 849 sancti-pauli .......-.-- 853 | sanguineus.......---.- 1761 | Siccifer see sse eee Fh eeng49)| RYN Sansososcesoscods 849 | Siriagtis)j-sessecseseees 849 suborbitalis=es---2-e-- 850 surinamensis..-....... 1236 Page. Holocentrus tigrinus .-..-- saib apaces 1214 UNI Colone-- asses e eee 1192 Vexillariusios-j- ce =e . 852 Holocephali..... :24-escececeet aces 93 holocy.aneos; Scarus.---o-se-e-eeee 1654 Hololepis barratitl 222-3. eeee 1102 GLOCHROUS = aeece eee - se eeee 1102 fusiformis=2-~ == =e ss 1102 hololepis; Cyihbases-e=seeee ee ae 1662 ZOMON Geass see eee 1661 holomelas, Paraliparis.---.....----- 2140 Holoporphiyrus= 2. .essse sen see 2543 FVOLOTHINUS === ees tee= eee eee eee 89 Vespertiliosa=q-mas esc 90 HOGOStOl aos. ee woe eine ee eee Ee 98, 107 holotrachys, Macrourus..-..-....-- 2582 Homalogrystes.-.--...----..-...-... 1148 Homalopomus: asses sesso eee 2529 trowbridgii.......-.. 2531 FLOMESTHOSP alee see se series mee ae 2394 Homesthes caulopus ....--....--..- 2394 homianus, Squalus....-..-.--..-..- 51 homonymus, Diapterus ...--..----- 1371 Homo prion eeetesseeeae eee eee 1439 ACHLInOStMIS S=- 2-1 .-4--- 1437 furthiwa: peor es ceases 1441 lanceolatus: -<---s2-s--< 1444 subtruncatus .....-..-.-- 1434 XANGA UGUS eee seis ses 1434, 1459 honneymani, Acipenser.--..--..--- 106 hood: Salmoe a: --s4-e- seem ese 505 hoodies alm OF a=-t eee eee eee ae 507, 510 Hoopidisalmonts cease cece a. eal 480 hopkinsi sey nnd eee atestse ae ae 933 Mycteroperca ..-...-.... 2855 Plagiogrammus.....---.- 2428 Sebastodese 22 2-2-= == sc-- 1789 Hopladelus=.-- =2<=-seceeceeeees ence 142 OliVanIS===s seer eae oe 143 Hoplarchus!-e: tessa cee oe ee ke nee 1526 hopliticus, Paricelinus.-..........- 1886 hoplomystax, Sparisoma..-....-.--- 1632 Hioplopaerin gn. se setes sees 1242 FRO PIO PATS maa ote reals ates 1244 Gunther Sasa. see 1244 Hoplostethus) ~<<2-2-.semecee soe ae 837 japonicds ee. ese eeee 837 mediterraneus -..---- 837 Hoplunnis ~../-iss-s2sess esos seen ee 361 | diomedianus\- 5-2-2 ----2. 361 schmidti 22225222 eeceace 361 | Elormed Dace sees eeea eee 222 Pout Ss. 2meraecaeteeaeoeaes 135, 140 Horny, (Conve carne sea eee emcee 1715 Horny heads. acantecieaserese sacs 322 Hormyheadsy-5.--5~--)s5ss eee esac 314 Index. Page. Page horrens, Prionotus .......----..---.- 2172 | humeralis, Platyglossus.-.-........-. 1497 horridus, Brachysomophis....-..--. - 388 Nandinellasece. ee cuss. 431 Horse Crevallé-..-..-.- Bee aera 920 | NCALUSI Perse pearie se <1 1641 IMA Ck OrGla seas ne oke eiecic = 870, 909 SSrranuigaeeeeye see ace oes 1197 HOFSE-CY6 JACK --ss-hen-e se. = == 923 | humeri-maculatus, Sargus.-...-...- 1360 IEROTSGESHes eens Soe oteee Setece es. 934 | humile, Pristipomay.---.-....-...-- 1331 Horsehead -..-...- Soe Bac CO OSE S36s humilis) Bry tiusses see eee 1004 NG pes; Ju lite Seeodesces paescaece. 814 Cottus=.-sceese=s == =e eee 1979 hospitus, Acipenser--.-.---.......... 105 Bupomotis\s-a---ss= sees 1004 houghi; Bimelodus.<.-.--<.......-.- 135 Gambusiae eo e eae 682 Hound *Smoeth=ss052ss5cscoseccece.e 29 Gramimateus!--s esses 1355 Higundtightss. ntact tee ae coo: 715, 716 epomis\.- essesce es eee 1004 Hoyera, Guavina.-..-.-..-.....--.-- 2236 | Pacellus) sss. ee see eee 1355 hoyi, Argyrosomus.........-....... 469, 472 | Pomadasis:s-n-s2e--ssse= 1331 Coreronts=-sseasoeee eee ceece 468, 470 Tetragonopterus ........-- 335 EIMNelOMUS? 2 sacs See tee = 141 | Humpback Salmon-- 222. esses eee 478 Wrantd ao s35 Sse se eoars ence 1969 | SuCK er .c<-scecee eee ee 184 bhubbardi, Parophrys'-=-.22--2.22-s2 2641 | Whitefish e.2secee-cee 466 Budsonias Oliola = =cccisce.sseoeeceeea. Boom mnN ti av ObVa 21-6 ao 4 eee eee 2551 Clupeaseae-cecceseeeeee ee AB OBER ORO caniae = sales elem ne maeom eke neers 1010 hudsonicus, Salmo... -<--2-.-=..--- 507 | MIOVICANISS -=5 se ss8—8 See eee cee 1012 Mimd SOnIUS)s-sseeee ooo eee eeee 254, 256. 266 | huronensis, Lepisosteus..........-.. 110 BUSS oe ere woe eee BoM PEL BSO Ms cer-o eee ae sence tenance: 103 SUPE TUS) Soos2sonescasoses 270 | hyalinus, Ceratichthys ..-....-...-. 321 SUN IAYAO) Meets ee ial 270 | hyalope, Squalius ---............... 222 Aa eee ees 209) PH y bognathus)= scenic alee see 212, 213 Salligiece soc soa es 212 | Qa ana sense 215 hudsonius, Catostomus..-------.---- 176 | AMATUS 2653 soeseieeec 215 Hippocampus. --.-5-- =. 777 ALPyTIbIs’ 2s. eesce === 214 Ey PO PSIS;27ia- se naa ae 269 Civilisy-mecee ees eases 215 WWEUCISCUS: Jecen —-c\scacie 269 episcopa.....---..-.- 214 INOTEOD Iss ae a5 o> oar 269 episcopus..-.........- 215 amarus ..--..- 270 OVADSL. Saat ocsescee 213 saludanus..--. 270 flavipinnis ..-....-.. 215 selene. = ......- 269 favialitis,.>:-=--2--.- 215 humboldti, Atherinichthys...-...-. 793 hayitesaeec esses 214 Eigenmannia ......----- 341 WMelANOps eee ae 216 Gasteropelecus .-......- 572 nigroteniata ..-...-- 214 ONCISCHS 2-1 ~-c2--.- 1674 stramineus ---------- 262 Glopeasasceacacaat es se 431 volucellus 5--22.----- 263 Gobiesox. oszsesccee aes 2BailaELy DOPSIS| snea=s see see == i 314, 315, 319 Harengula s-.25-=-2--.<: 431 RTS et ae = eee ae ae 316 SUI ae ee ee ae eee 1596 marconis-...--- 316 Weiestomug/os) 222+: 2. 1459 altus .-:.---.--------+--- 321 Oligocephalus.........-- 1097 amblops -.--.------------ 320 Baralabrax:=.2. occe hyostomus-=+ss-5-ee eee 316 | hydrophlox, Clinostomus ..-...-.-- 238 hy, pSinOtUs\eoe eee 320 | Lenciscus....---.----- 238 kentuckiensis .....------ 322 | Squalius -.-.-..---.-.. 238 LADTOSTIS 17 SeCPe Eee oe 319 | hygomii, Myctophum ......-.....-- 573 lacentosus eee eee 284 SCOPOLUS ere eae es 573 longiceps=22)-<2E ses nen 264 | EylomyZOn eee serene ee eae 173 Oe ie ee ee 317 | MIGriCANS eo eseee eee 181 THIRST ena cee eee 262, | Hymenocephalus -..-.---.----.----- 2580 ae ae en tee uae 318 | cavernosus..--.-- 2580 MOontaAnUS =] oe eee ee ee ual goodei Sehr 2572 niveus-:. 201.6 Sieseee 278 longifilis -....--.- 2067 OLD eee eee eee eee ae 2 phaenna: -= =. e-s ee 270 Hymenoptera : aoe hymenorhinus, Hexanematichthys - 125 PLOCNO =] = - = seme eae 264 H = : a MUDLICEOCOUS See = see 286 SES peor s SES eS RSE Ree ST Be ; Gulbensis=.2 2225s omar 932 TUVLIOUS -<2 eee esses 320 | 1 oa = 2 TO DIGITS eaetermeeean see 933 Gilley, soonspecososeastoot 263 . . a : .. | Hyodon amphiodon ..-............- 413 spectrunculus ...---.---- 265 ee : ‘i torerianus 270. 321 a ate ata ee eS ee aoe s SVR ee wel a Sa elaudalusseecoseasaseeceees 413 stramineus ..--.-:------- 262 ‘ : f VOEN AIS... 502 seem ease she 413 tetranemus ..-....-.-.--- 315 | ban ge ti é 993 Fy Of anOldea-- ==. == emai ae 98 ’. o < fae had eee Pia ete ISAC RON) SS oo cnosbodssesaseseuesae 1052 huditanus 2-2-2 cs o- 253 ; bl : : 1053 BE Beal plenniopercareesses-=45= ; NESS Sol D roy an NO WMA S32 cisco see sae 1053 anaes fe ha ch oe eae Se sts | simoterums=2-e-seeseese 1051 Sor © aa ee See 8 | hyostomus, Hybopsis ..-----------. 316 xenocephalus -.---------- 289 INOCOUMS Ss: Cues Meee ee 316 Hyborhynchus ..---..-----..------- 217 hypacanthus, Psednoblennius ..... 2466 confertus vette tree e- 217, 218 iy pareytUs\ esses = 2-622 eee 252 nigellus ahd 217 THECGH AR IWOES) oe eo Se 953 ODES eee 218 [Elly DONO US eee eres eee eee 858 panteeus ~ss=aene ree 218 18 Gaels Mtl Seccopbenosasesasseacedse 986 siderius ..-----.---- 314 carolinensis -.--------- 988 superciliosus --.----- 218: |My perosrtlile- = \s22n se eee 8 tenellus -...---.--.. 218 Hyperotreti..-...------------------ 5 Hydrargira......-------------+------ 632 Hyperprosopon ..------------------ 1501 Ab ANG Aneel eae 624 B@ASsizie eee ee 1502 Hydrargyra diaphana..-.-....------- 645 analisy 2025-5655" 1501 TOLMOSD pe see see aa 2827 arcuabamess. sees 1502 fuse seesawesecee sees 624 | ar CuabUs see eee 1502 limi Scecee cee eee ee 624 argenteum..-....-- 1502 UW G12 ate eee eee 655 puncta- Majalis..: Sess seesece ent 639 tum. - 1502 =e Index. Page. | Hyperprosopon argenteus ......- 1501, 1502 Hypilepis cornutus cerasinus----.- 283 | Ei Mente lM as =e sees = 5 = 173, 174, 181 | macropterum ....---- 181 Hyperchoristus ..-...-..------.----- 589 j taAMNELW eee = 2s -cn> 589 Eyphalonearus! acess sees es < 541 chalybeius........- 542 Hypleurochilus .-..-...-.5.----...- 2385 geminatus ..-..-.--- 2385 multifilis -.-....-- 2385 punctatus...--..--- 2390 PSY DOC ALTAIR eelolelne ema sia = == 927 ey POCl yd OMIaa ames =e aan ese =a 1115 Dellaveesese ene ok 1115 | Hypocritichthys -----------.-.-.--- 1500 anallisvass-ea-eee 1500, 1501 EM OWI S eo te aoe are sent eels er 915, 2848 Daucus eee ce earner ea 2848 hypodus, Decapterus ....-..----.--- 908 Hypogymnogobius ......--.----..-- 2210 inp OMOINM Ss nce cisco nies enle ate 1039, 1040 aurantiacus .........-.- 1040 ceymatotenia .......-.. 1041 MANSON eee ees se. 1042 | squamatus ..----...... 1040 EV DOMESUS ers enews = eset sels 524 Olidtsteea-eeee en 525, 2824 PRELLOSUS see = 525 hypophthalmus, Arius ..-...--.-.--. 133 Cathorops ......-. 133, 2798 | hypoplecta, Rathbunella -......---- 2290 | Hy poplectrusy.c ce. s-c eee eee eel = 1187 BCCONSUB serie a=) 21-1 1193 BIG aceee asses eas 1193 POVINUS tases ese 1193 ChlOVUTUS)- s/s eres = =1-1 1193 CLOCOUUS)=22— eas = 1192 POMMidesee eee aco s. 1193 gummigutta -.-...--. 1192 guttavarius ........-. 1192 PC Oe eealat= l= = 1193 lamprurus..-----:.-. 1190 maculiferus. .-..----.- 1192 | puella ooo ecSes- cess 1192 MNICOLON == =o ee 1190, 1192 | aberrans.... 1193 accensus -.- 1193 affinis ....-- 1193 bovinus .... 1193 chlorurus. -. 1192 crocotus.-.. 1192 gummigutta 1192 guttavarius 1192 indigo....-.. 1193 nigricans .. - 1193 3003 Page. Hypoplectrus unicolor primivarius 1192 puella ....-- 1192 vitulinus --- 1192 hypoplectus, Bathymaster ...---..- 2290 Eby poplitess.-cscer ase see ese ee nae 1247 Hcy po prions sesame eee ee ee 41 DLGVALOStLISee see eee eae 41 | longicostrisees=sasees oe 41 Signatus 22-2 cacti eee 41 Etpoprionod one sseseeeee eee eee ee 41 Eyporhanmiphus\-s2. se 2see eee 719 robertie.. 5 .o-eeee 721 ROSS ee eee eer ate tricuspidatus.-.--.- 720 unifasciatus -.-.--- 720 Hy porthodus) ===. sees eee eee ee 1148 flavicauda .:..-...--- 1156 SHiy POReCLLANUS sac os oes eae eee 1148 Ey POSTON se = cee te see sae ee 156 Hypostomus gaucharote .-.......-- 159 hypostomus, Aodon’---.-2.-2.2--2- 92 Cephalopterus......-. 92 Ey PSASONUS a2 ae ee eee Se Meissen Sesto 2038 PrAClens eee 2041 quadricornis .....--- 2038, 2041 | SWANLIS eo ones sees aes 2088 | hypseloptera, Cliola --.--..-...-.-.. 280 hypselopterus, Leuciscus -.-.------ 280 INOtrOpISe= 32 =ece-e 280 hypselurus, Pimelodus -.....------- 152 ham dianeceseseee eee - 152 ELVPSICOMOLES =: ee ee ne alates setae 2293 ZODOId Cs aemessees a 2294 Jah AOE) 6 oases coessenbe cons 474, 477, 481 kennerl vice oeeeearee eae 483 | Ey psilepisiangense eases eee eee 301 | coccogenis ------.-....- 285 | nwN INS) .comesaaeccs see 233 cyaneus -....- 283 | ibbus)p-=-e=- 283 dipleomiias sees eres ee 300 | galacturus -----.------- 279 | LIS sees See econ steele 2712 kentuckiensis.-.-.------ 279 | Lab dsm ns possees beace ode neeesesooce 1664 TUPESCCNS =-- eee === 1665 | hypsinotus, Ceratichthys ....-..--- 320 | Hybopsis..-...-.------ 320 | Htypsoblennius..-----------...--.-- 2386 | brevipinnis ......-- 2390 POU IS seo a =a 2387 ul beries eee 2386 GH Zippel tale 2390 NOM LZIN- ese == 2390 1ONGH ASS eee 2388 Striatuse accesses 2388, 2392 Index. 3004 Page. iy psOlepisee eae ee sa aah ate 254 EVP S OPAC bale eene eisam a= el gee 2639 JSR AUST oo ooseeoaseneene T5559 05= 1508 Calzyileci sens eee 1508, 1509 | EL YO S Vj OP Se as = ae te 1564 Corsalis jo4-9- 192. 1570 rubicundwus -:--<--.-- 1564, 1565 Hysterocarpine -----..--.---------- 1494 EV SterOCalpUSiss= <9 =e eee 1495 SEES Kale sai iejeerete 1496 hy Strix Diodontes ss oe eer ae eee 1744, 1746 Veelinus j\. 2s cadscesaeemoncacee ones 1894 borealis: 2.22 st 22: 25226 - 1896 Galva ER OMS ee eter ere 1892 filamentosus-=--- —---er === 1893 fimbriatus)------=---------- 1894 OCW ab Se ee areal 1895 quadriseriatus ..-------... 1897 Strabo ereeeeteesseaae 1897, 2862 DODTIS ses eee eee 1894 CONUS eas ace eee eae eee eee et 1911 SUS ER NS tae aera ete ee 1918 IDLG ORM Ste sos eeee er aera 1911 canaliculatusess--eeesas2 5-6 1917 CULYOPS ~~ 5-542 ----- 2-1 - == 1915, 1916 AULCVS OT = ealel= ines eee 1913 hamatustascesscsec se eee 1913 megacephalus ........- .--..- 1891 pugetensis\- 22-2225. se-2e 1891 quadriseriatus .........-.-.- 1897 SCUM GOR ese eae eee 1910 SPIM POL sos ace es tee 1914 TEAC INAS eee se ae eee tal 1906 Wicinalis= 2525-2 2 2094 Mullus-.-.-..----- ------ 1107 Aspidophoroides........-. 2093 Scigena ------------------- M454 | Dérmatolepis:---.......... 1167 Wulsieulns= =~. a0eos-= o> 2181 | Ope seat es ee e t 410 imiceps, Ophioscion ..-----.----.--- 1451 Epinephelusiz>-22-2- 0-2 --- 1168 Sciwna -..---.-.----------- i451 Weiopercalse nese eee 1168 MMMACwats, AMI sss sees 411 TWh) AUS es: See 1275 Coryphzena -...------. 953 Mesoprion\-s--4-e eee eee 1275 HStiiaria pasos seas 758 Ostracion--2-23 seo eee 1723 Perca ..----..----.---- 1135 Ra pico Lae ee 1274 Unibranchapertura -. - 342 Raia inornata ............. 73 immaculatum, Cybium -..-.--..---- 876 SCORPION a ao. cee eee see ee ~ 1853 MAIN ACHI AGUS; VISOR? -- o aso Se 630 Sebastes! ees sae hea ee 1829 masquinongy --- 630 Sebastodes.......-.-.....- 1829 Lucius masquinongy- 630 Serranus se eee 1168 Sa Oe ee 507 | infans, Avocettina ..........:...--. 367 Symbranchus .-.....-. 342 Gambusiawse soccer ee 680 MAW EU iseisetesocon > secoors ssseae 1044, 1046 Nemichthysie=-ce-oa a eae 368 SHOMNAT Ie seer see eee 1047 | infernalis, Histiobranchus ...-.._-. 352 imperator, 'etrapterus-.-..---...-.- 892 Minircania= 2 Sse eee 1 eee 396 Maiphiases sea eae. 892 Synaphobranchus -.-.--- 352 limperial Perram acs s225 525 sec. -m c= 1837 | infirmus, Novaculichthys.......... 1616 imperialis, Coryphewna -.-.-.....--- 952 Myrichthiys)<+2--+os-¢ssce 1616 SOK =" anasto nase ose Se live win ens:Gunelluse=! 2 s-— oe ee 2419 Sebastes eas seeer ess 1837, 1838 Hippocampus'-=...--.-.--.- 776 Prachnras|-s= 5552454565 Ore, imniishus 2 =-2 5020s esc eetetels 1619 POURS eases Ieee cas ae 955 mundicorpus:-s-----+-=-- 1620 impetiginosus, Serranus.----.....-. Mo ay |PlMLOT Gees aes see ee ee eee 530 impressus, Concer .. 2... 2---25... DOOR MMNOMinaAd Of=.cesees Seems: eee eee 382 inzequilabiatus, Carapus ........... 341 | innominatus, Girardinichthys -.--. 666 invwequilobus, Leucosomus --..--.. ~~. 224 | inops, Antennarius ..-.......-..--- 2718 Pogonichthys .......- 224i INO PSObbe eociecis = eae = sees 2641 PBCUIS NEN OAc Sono eens * 813 INC MYT ales oe ee aa 2641 incisor, Pimelepterus---..--.-.....- Pasha inornata: otasc. ose: ee eee 2551 POMGMS tte = see occas 1005 Raia. fata ss scenes 73 Pnrconmnite soe ee nee men cee = aoe cas 473, 474 Rajae 2 joao eee eee 73 inconstans, Hucalia --.-2-....--..--. 744 | inornatus, Apodichthys-.-..-.-..--. 2412 cayuga ........ 744 Chorinemus --.-..=-.---- 899 pygmea......- 744 Cryptacanthodes.--..-.-. 2443 Gasterosteus.=......-.. 744 Microlepidotus.-....---- 1341 incrassatus, Leucosomus-...--....- 229 Oligoplites’ 222 2=.---=-- 899 incurvus, Wobotes. =2-2--5---2-..2.- 1236 Orthopristigte---- +. 4-2=- 1342 indefatigabile, Otophidium..-..._.. 2490 Pseudojalis|-ceess-et-- 1604 HoidianiChmpeessessseenesse= =e. 2 - 322))| dnseripta,,Solea: =. - 22-5 s=-5 2 -55- 2696 He Shiersee tae oer a 1680 | inscriptum, Etheostoma ----...-.-.. 1072 POCICUNS ONENOS =o = ee on so. 415 Nanostomans=-=--2--=- 1072 Wontns tenes an en 2092s siMmseriptos yA ChInUS=—. aces. eo 2696 Cobicepse case cosas one 951 INOGHONOUUS = +2. 4-5e6ee- 1072 Naucrates -......-- Soe 900 Pomotisis 22-222 =22=520- 1003 Hetrapteruss:2=.225--=. --- 892 | insculpata, Netuma.......-....... 127, 2765 mdigenaeClapeasi-.--.2.5--sc-<.2- 423) inscul ptus, -Aviis:-s--5--ceec eee ee 127 indizo. Loypoplectrus 22... 25. .-- 1193 | inseulptus, Gasterosteus.--...------ 750 unicolor ..... 1193 Iuelocharax ©-2-.-2---- 339 Piectropomas=see ses. 2 1193 | insigne, Pimelodus......-......--.. 147 BUSY STEN alee nice eo 1365 | insignis, Catostomus....---.------- 180 5006 Index. | | | | | | | Page. INSioMIS; ONO CUPS seen esm ae alle 147 eli beodes)=- <---> 1 147 insociabilis, Dorosoma -..---..----- 416 insolatusChromis\see sc 4e- oe 1548 HGlias@s = so. ae eae 1548 | insule-sanctie-crucis, Scarus-.-.--.- 1651 insularum, Atherina.......-----... 807 | Atherinops..-..-....--- 807 IMPUTEeN aaa se eae ees 400 INetomarens sss seems eee 2770 integripinnis, Auchenopterus.----- 2372 Cremnobates ----.--- 2373 intermedia, Tigoma.-----------.--- 235 intermedium, Cichlasoma ....---- .- 1517 intermedius, Gasterosteus -.------- 750 HOYOS 2 jace es ecien eee 1517 Hippoglossus ..------ 2672 WUCuCISCUS == es eee => 235 Paralepisstso--\> sen noe 600 (ROMOXyS ae eeeere eee 987 SaULUS ieee sae eeee 535 SQ Means eee eect 235 Sudisivseccocecee tees 600 SyNOGUSseees-seeeee 535, 536 internasalis, Cherojulis.-...-.----- 1594 JUliss hs noose seeies sce 1594 Platyglossus.-.-----.- 1594 interrupta, Morone .-..-.---.---...- 1134 Perca mitchilli--...--.- 1133 Raja, ese soca 2751 interruptus, Ambloplites ....------ 991 Anisotremus..-..--.--- 1319 surinam- ensis- -- 1319 ATChOplites:-=---=o-eee 991 Centrarchus ---------- 991 Genytremus --.-.-.... 1319 ibwxilas Se aes. e ee 282 interstitialis, Epinephelus..--....-- 1179 Mycteroperca ..-..-..- 1178 Serrantise asec ee 1179 | Trisotropis --.--=----. 1179 | intertinctus, Mystriophis .......-- 386 Ophichthys-.......-.. 387 QOphisutay--seeceeoss 387 introniger, Sebastichthys -......--. 1805 Sebastodes ---.....-.--- 1805 intronigra, Dicrolene .-..-....-..-- 2522 inurus, Zygonectes --...-....------ 682 LOase cena nose reese ne eee 1064 vigil ee Sens Pee eR 1065 VAlLOa aes eee eee ee one mee 1064 | jos, Etheostomaecs-c-eeaeee eer ee 1084 | iodocus, Angelichthys ---...-.----- 1686 Holacanthus .......---.--. 1687 Page. NODlOSSUSieer specs eee =e eee eee 2192 CallintUseeeccce- sree ee 2193 lonthas Cerdaless ae ee-1- eee ee 2449 Hypsoblennius.--------.-- 2388 Tsesthes % meosse ese ee eae 2389 | 108, Clevelandias--.c---s2ees" see 2254 Gobiosoma)2--=- ---se -eeeeseee 2255 Totichthyseesece tee eee eee 228, 231, 243 low, Etheostoma ......----------- 1083 Epnopid@ paces sess asker epee ee 546 Tpnopsicesseenecese eee ee eae one 546 TUNUP Aye see eee eee 547 inideus; Wabrus) 22-22-62 sees se 988 Salmo) j2ae2-csisceee scene. 500 agua-bonita......--- 503 onl berieneeeeee reas 502 MASOUi, see-ccee eee 50L Shasta feecee cies see 502 SbONGIRe ee sem ce aer 503 iridinus, Carangoides ...-.-.--..--. 919 Caranxee as ene eecemes 919 Dridio ceiecaccacesct-cease oeeen ese 1587 bivattatus ee ceese sce Seer 1595 caudalis:.--c 5. ecseloe mac 1599 cyanocephalust=-.-=-2.--4--= 1594 Gis pilus secs saeee eee see 1597 FarMObl eee e eee eee 1593 SSIES CRU eeestere eet aeieterstats 1598 MAcnhipinney seas sees ee 1594 nicholsi\s 255-2 as-sccusssoeee 1591 DICUUG esse ee eee eee 1599 Ohl Sack seoatosaeectesace sec 1599 Tadiatus esas seen eee 1596 Selliten see sae eae eee 1592 Semicinctuses=a= eee eee 1592 ITiss Cliola Cet ae ema meee See eee 272 iy psilepsiseees-s-es==e= eee 272 MeucisCusse-s——s+-5 see sae a 222 Trish Word tes scen sae ae ee tee 1934 IPOMpanOee: see eeee eee econ 1376 inradians, SeLLanus! s--—e se e- === 1208 IETeo MALS Heros seen meenes eee 1541 (heraps fe-se-5- ses: 1540 irretitus, Gordiichthys-..-..--..--- 363 Movi pall eats ect re 819 irroratus, Monacanthus.....------. 1713 Msabelitarscsceacoen- sere ae see eee 1684 isabelita, Angelichthys .--..--...-- 1685 Isabelito dela Alto. --....--....-.-. 1674 Tisaciellan. -2%.: rescore eee 1340 DEG VipiMis)---o see ee 1341 ischanus, Notemigonus ---.-------- 251 Stolephorus. ---.. Seneesee 442 ischinagi, Megaperca.....--..-.---- 1138 ischyra, Inopsetta.......-....--..-.- 2641 Index, 3007 Page. ischyrus, Apomotis.....-..-----.-- 997 Meplopomus 5-4-2226 - = 997 He pomises sss] =e eee 997 | 22° O Plt y Seer eee eee 2641 ; Pleuronectes.----....---. 2641 MSGS DNS se sere cies =a pone eines sr atese'n oro 2386 SEV eet 2388 PODER (lees eet eet 2387 enters steal 2390 EOL RLS eet fe nae easel 2389 punetatus-~----2--------- - 2390 SCRIUaLO Ra eeeet eter eae = 359 | Striahusmassescseeeae seo 2388 | islandicus, Centronotus...--------- 2438 Gasterosteus ....------- 748 Gnnnellnsses> eure eee 2439 Stichzus\oo--5- esate 2439 isodon, Aprionodon ---.------------ 42 Carchaniises==seseeseeeeet == 42 IMeGSOpriont = ss-- a see =—ne= 1267 ASO Se SETS sete aca n= toe aaa 51 lisocomp hodonye = se- = 26s ==) a= 33, 35, 40 Liam PabUS =e eee = AO maculipinnis ------- 40 isolepis, Isopsetta.--....-..-------- 2642 Lepidopsetta.--.....-..--- 2642 IPALD PULA ree eet ee eri 2642 Sternotremia.......-...--- 787 BSS UE Sipps ato ye eam eee rl 1399 AMIN Sees setae 1399 PALVLPIOU Sts eeee = 1399 Te MMe een ee aes 1399 DES QOS Ol bale ee lac ate stain ists ere ote opel 2642 ISOLGPISt=- see = eee eee @ 2642 ESOS DONG ylaisa = aces rea aecin 407 Tsospondylous Fishes .-....---.---- 407 | IStHMENSIS, HRIVUIUS =. - <5 2 sis~ 2 eis 2830 | ES Gie DORI area pee ee einen to 890 Istiophorus -----------......-.-...- 890 DIOVIGAN Se aa ele nia os 891 MSATOPSIS se Sno oe. we celsie f= 47, 48 MOR ayia tee eter 48 DIAN CUS teem nero san = 48 STS ERTS UY Seen a otra arate aye ato) 47, 48 | GOK yi car ce nice ac eins 48 OMVEHIN ChUs yess qee aia eos 48, 49 Salama eee teeter 49 Si ut ante ea eo oem ee caters crea ware 1142, 1162 Hpaara. HrOmierOps) ssi: 22sec vaca 1164 DELP ANUS pee eres ea sean 1164 AD DNS= sees eee a oad Sie 1232 | upon cillo: <9. a sar cee Ss eeene =——- 2530 ancelet eb albamaes> seers see eee 4 @aliformiants-- cesses ene = 4 Wiest indiana ee.--e= 42 3 Lancelets22osassesa-c8es-2e =e cee 2.3 Huropeanless=--eemessnee 3 lanceolatay Percas=t saeco ee eee 1482 Scien. 222252222 sb eee 1444 lanceolatum, Branchiostoma -.--..- 3 lanceolatus, Amphioxus ......----- 3 Lndex. Page. lanceolatus, Cheetodon.-........-.-- 1490 Mques ss setaeesiee 1489, 1490 GobidsS -eecaee scree eee oneeoO Homoprion sss sees sess 1444 NGI Ree eae oe ne Se 3 Iron chimmis = seeoaee ee 1482 Monechurus-s2--- esse 1482 Stellifers2o-ce2cee- ee 1443 Iancetsfish i a22e2 eceeseetee sateen ee 1691 Hance sHIShesseses eee eee 593, 594, 595 Mandlocked'Salmonss5- er eee ee 487 Jhane Snapper assess see aes 1270 ManGbarnys see sation oe enc eens 2433 Wambieccec ceacacn sna ce Seta re ae eee 833 WMiantern ihSWeS92s.ss5-.-s eee ee 530, 550 | Tsapon's.. hese esses a see oe aoe 1849 lappa welalientella seas eeee coer 2742 WarQueschereczconassaessaeo ecto 413 Large-mouthed Black Bass...--.--- 1012 | Larce-scaled' Sucker 2.-2-\--+2---e5.¢ 192 JFATIMUS Hass ees ee meeeo ree 1420, 1421 BOCAS = ee see Meise 1422 ALC SN TOUS eee eres saat : 1421 batabanus ..---- Sees see 1431 Dremicepseareee ass aeee ee 1423 dentexX.-s 22. cose cee 1426 eftnlcensnes-n se == Bose 1421 fasciatus] s>-- 4. seeccecs a= 1424 PACIICUSPe esse eaee are 1424 Stalice- skeen aera ee Ge. OR larkinsii, Cymatogaster.-.-...-..--- 1508 lata, Guaperva forcipata -......---- 1702 Mate pruswsacaeias-oecates ese eee eee 1114 oculatus: 25. --s)- 20 eee 1115 latepictus, Serranus ---.---..--.-.- 1175 Jaterale, Mitremaieaseeneene cee 1506 | Hipleostornapeeses sete 1099 lateralis: ‘Aibramis22e> o- asses enceee 239 VANIVQEVUS =P ere oe seas 1099 ArbediUs seer soem seat 1902 Calycilepidotus- -...------ 1900 Caracodonie=t.-eees- core 2832 Characodon'=--22a--- ee 668 MJGObRISit a2 sce mae eae eeeees 2195 Mbit 1506 Leucisenus balteatus .--..-- 239 Miylocheilttsea=--ss-.= <= 220 Niotropismetas-cece ote oce 263 Phanerodo 222222. se ee 1506 ebuliyspMmses = ese eee 2195 iPimeéelodus 242-5 seo seas 135 Peecilichthys=22-s--54-- Fe 1876 echinatumes esse aeons latirostris, Acipenser----...--.-... Go MIG SIGoLOSSUSsacateceue meta ee sc seee Lepidosteus -.-........- 111 | leionothos, Holacanthus........---- Jatulis, Clupeacsss- 42. -2- =m - =~ 422 | leiopomus, Cottus .--.....-...------ Watnss Caran sass he ewan e = === = S224 MM elOSCOMMUS). 954k = eee see ee eee Euctenogobius-..-..--..-.--- 2237 EMOrBliSher se /eseeee SCOmber: os asetees See on oss 938 lineatus ses se seeeee Manncess Sand’: so22e s/c ses oes 831, 832, 833 obliquius!==-=2 2-5-2 se. laurette, Argyrosomus.---...------- 471 | ’ KAN CMOS ee} Seep ATG Ee eed we emacs cease ae ase Sou) WOMITUS 2-25 ---=osngsse sncee sees ce mediterranea =- <= -.2----- 537 | leiurus, Gasterosteus ..-.--.......- Jaurito; sparisoma:-2.--=-.-.-----.. LG Bie luerkal Salm Olea. as2--ce-22ssessee lentaWaimprisir qeasea sobs eccick oa NOM DUS Meese cheese secs es eae cle lavarehis Salm Orsecaeseeace ancl = 464 lemmoni, Squalius See eee eee ee Se ANA See erent ea eat Sasa = 208 | lemniscatus, Engraulis....-.-...--. COMPOTIMUS = sie mes am ielelwienie «re 231 Osmers'e-isese~-6--- Grassicdudacesaeee ae 25a 231 Pimelodusiacese = ee i= EXD CAUGaA = eoewia se ewes ZOS soo GeMmniSOMa -s-e cect ee esas ees sccace aL eU aU Sieee ee reer aelae= = 209 | GhivnsiboiMdes!eee--s—--— = Waliway Clssoc caste. cece coo -e\s/ 1002 Ae ee ae eeereeter tere 992 Index. Page. Lepomis haplognathus .------------ 1004 INGE aeseeo se cocceunoaTe 1008 holbrookai ~<---25-------.- 1008 SENET aS eee ereres ete ele tee r= 1004 ichtheloides..-.....-------- 990 TSC y OS see eee ese e = 997 ings eeeeceeee ee =aein =~ 1007 Tongispinis;=2=--=--------- 1006 MACTOCHICUSI a meceeeS 125 Nee PLAS PIs sees eo ee etalal = a eat - =e 916 eplecheneis jee ecee asco seo ea == 2268 naucrateoides ....---- 2270 nauerates -----------. 2269 Meptoblennils---222.2-ceee=e=-~ = -- 2435 AUDI ee eee sao -a1= = 2438 serpentinus ..-.-.-.- 2439 Mra phOCALG Tessa tate eee ea aaa = = 2 Leptocephalichthys.-....--.-------- 353 Leptocephalide ---...----.........- 352 eptocephalus.----ses=--=--== = - 353 candidissimus .----- 354 caudicula.-.--...-.. 355 caudilimbatus -.----. 355 Leptocephalus conger ...., ---..... 354 QUACTIS ss eccce~s alte 354 MOUTISS os s-1s- 2 sss 354 spallanzanii .--...-. 354 leptocephalus, Ceratichthys-....-... 323 Merlangus........-- 2535 eptochinus. oss ssssees aoe eee 2432 maculatus..-..-..----- 2433 Weptocon ger jena se sane neae eee 362 prolongus)----sss-os5 363 le pbocothus aes mee aeminwiose ee eae 2011 arm auesiee epee ese se a 2012 We plod es a= eine isis en ewe ieee ee Raine 584 Leptogunnellus ..-...-..--.....5-.- 2435 Meptophidium=es--sssse sesso eerees 2482 marmoratum ..-.-... 2483 MICrOlepIses---e— = se 2486 prorates: ----- 2... 5 .- 2485 WWOPLOPSs sees cctoee -c saeeeee steeisee 142 OliVaris|: osascnosse eae ewe 143, 2790 WAG pLoOLhiNno phish sease-- ep =e eee aces 381 leptorhynchum, Siphostoma....-..-- 764 MephorhyMehugs- a seeresettis's ee ae le1~=' 369 leuchtenbergii -..-.--. 369 leptorbynchus, Lepidosteus- -...--- 110 Odontopyxis ...---- 2076 SaLritOne eres see eae 2075 Syngnathus ........ 765 | leptosomus, Abramis...-.-..------- 250 Le asxU See eer erate 250 Notemigonus ...-.-..... 250 ODER DLS ferret rete ate tetera telat etateferete ater 889 lepoourds eee eeseoe eee ees 889 lepiurus) | Caran. es ssce seems 923 Weprurgdsee meee se esse 889 Macroumsesesseere ee eee 2584 SR DUG S eee eee ital 889 Le Sphéroide Tuberculé. --.---.---- 1733 Tetrodon Plumier ------.----.-- 1733 Wes Aloteresee se cseeeee eee == 1717 iBatrachOpes|aaaesee see ssee as 1740 ISRO ST GS wears ole lates etal ie at alot 2561 Come AGES ae area a ee ate t= 332 Dichotomyctéres..---.--------- 1738 Dilobomyctéres ..-..----.------ 1738 Wiaeabeseees-eeesee eee rea = sae 948 NGO GES eee eieieiee= etait 2550 VISES TG LG Slee oreo te toa 2557 Ovold GSeeeenee eee eee 1738 IPTIShIPOMOS a= eee == eee 1329 Promecocepales..-------------- 1727 Sphéroides..--.---.---.--.----- 1729 Stelliféres..-..--.-----------..-- 1439 Stenometopes .--..------.------ 1729 Jessoniy Gates eee ae ee 923 Tetrapturus........-.------ 892 3016 Page. lessonii, Coryphena..........--.--- 953 lesueuri, Acipenser -..-..-.----=--- 106 Moxostoma ....-.-.-.----. 194 lesueurianum, Exoglossum.....---. 327 lesueurii, Catostomus.---.--...---.- 195 Wetharcuss:-.22-ecse accesso sees 375 Welifér 22> =e eee nae 375 lethopristis, Orthopristis. ........-- 1340 lethostigma, Paralichthys..-.......- 2630 lethostigmus, Paralichthys.....-.--- 2630 Iethostole \.c ssp sesso aes oe ee 792, 2839 OSLO ss can) seeese ee seer 792 Methotromush.s-e-sessee eee eee es 2100 MMhiCns\==--<-as4-52- 2101 vinolentus: ->-<=-i--ae- 2101 leuchtenbergii, Belonopsis ---..-..- 369 Leptorhynechus ..-. 369 leuciodus, Minnilus....--...--..--. 291 INOtLOPIS) seeds sees. oe 291 Photegemseae-sease eee 291 WOUCISCINDy-aasca-e eases Sonne 202 WOUuCISCUS! Sacer roses tesenieceeee ees 228, 252 SHANIS sess ore eee ee 240 | aliCi@gs= sas ogecce eee eos 236 analostamus S-s--eecee ee 279 APG Ons ee raeee ee eee 301 ALP eCuLOUsi ese e Eee eee 221 balteaibasseseaaceee sees 238, 2797 lateralis ....--. 239 bicolor’ saccheseece eee eee oD, boOS@hi Asssesceteceseaaae 251 pouCcardhsas-2es. ose eee 247 bubalanuse.s-----s 273 chrysopterus---.:--....- 221 COpItISs=- ocean 305 | GOCCoPeNnIs s.-s256545-45-2 285 Conformis ae. sneer eee 231 COOPeCT eesiaaese ee eee 236 COplivk fe aresate ee eta 293 COLrnibUs eee ers eee 283 crassicauda =-242-2-5--5- 231 CEQCOUS= 2 e-- = --E eee aaa 308 O2rORUS |e see a= asec ee ee 237 Clefans. see eese see ee eee 227 elongabus == 2s2s-----2=" 240, 2797 OMOLI sched ose ps eee 227 erythrogaster ....-..-.-.- 210 CSOD Eee seer se eee 240 exdlicandas.2.---2.5enoe= 209 AaMMeUSes-oes-e-" ase -ee 242 formoOsusi=--eeeaaaeosee 246 frontalisy-s----e- nese eee 283 fondwloides\es--ssesees ae 240 gardoneus--- s-ss-e eee 251 SID DOSUS ease eee 231 Gillie ane.csseecsscsiecsasee = oe 538 puletielinseee sen seme eer an Gul elaizard: Wishes! se.-sacoseeee sete 582, 533 TAMU. p oe eee se 2134 | lobatus, Canthogaster .....----.---- 1732 TObiCulalaere ease eee 2108 Spheroides) --=.----=---+= 1781, 1732 stellatus) 2-225 se seseeeee see 2118 lobochilus, Heros-.-.....- ene ees 1531 HMMA Vea= =e eee ee 21D Te ASN OD OLCS eretete tela ale al aleolatnte tele laind= === 1235 hud CaUUS oe eee eaten aie 2120 AU ELOLUM cess see ee reei= 1236, 2858 Gaia eng eer ee eee ete eietereta oe 2118 emarginatus......--.-..... 1257 liparis, Centrolophus .-.-..-----..--- 963 OTates ose see see tess. 1236, 2856 Cyclopterus--.-.--.....-... 2123 Dee fab Wags eee site 1236, 2856 MA] OMe eee ac 2128 INCULVUA! «seer eee eee 1236, 2856 TOL 2121 | Daciicuse-eeeee eee seeree 2857, 2858 INE at ra oesoaccocoquanan 2116, 2118 Somnolontusee-o-e oe eee eee 1236 liparoides, Cyclopterus......------. 2108 | surinamensis ------- 1235, 2856, 2858 NTS Af 1 OD Steeler eet tat eer ee atom he = a= OA OW OLE e ere oan tetetammtceta=tets 1235 bell raMee ee rertee elev ciate sina 2104 | lockingtonii, Icichthys ..-.--.------ 969 ATA OP SEN cee tar ral etal ateleretainiaieral= ier al= 5 2 = 2095 | WWodd Grasset ae eee eee 520 CDOS OH eee eter tees letal ele aie elm 619) | lceve, Ditrema .25.-=2.52 4-s22+2=--= 1511 PO Cen yess sere che onan c= GIO) MUO mss bees serersaera so eleeietseeeera i 964 pO sens Sallie -e sae see = == - = 619 ReT@ReS ieee er erento ee 1024, 1026 POP AT yA eet = See = Bal ip2o08) | WOnChiMLUSs!-2=-= 2-2-2 -1- © == inten 1481 liropus, Tachysurus -----.-------.- 2784 lanceolatus .-...--..--- 1482 Lirus perciformis ..-.........------ S645 eon chopisthis))s--e= || omneayhyee cee cere sec omseceoene sco" 471 listeri, Ostracion ..........--------- 1725 | Long-jawed Goby ..-.....---------- 2250 _lita, Murena.....- eens O8opeWONS jaws eee sone seek cess a 710, 711 Litholepis tristceechus.-......--..--- 111 | Long Mingo.....-.-.--------------- 1718 Tritt agbickene lasses eens. - 627 | longa, Dasibatis.......-...-----.--- 85 Red-eyesaa aso os sss oe 996 | AS ya bis seer = ae aa 85 RonCad Obese see ces = abe = = 1460 | Macdonaldia ..-..--..----.-- 2826 S Kaba reser erste ci s\otanjels ensiotclsare 68 | longatus, Labeo.--...-..-------.--- 186 SiMe lisseeeeeen eee eeee sae mos 807 | Longe---.-.---.----0--=--------2--0% 504 RTOS eee eee eee eee 868 | Long-eared Sunfish -....--.-.------ 1002 3020 Long-finned Albacore.......--..--- Caretta staletas as cere DOlOss. cecceh cee eee longicauda, Gobius-.---.---1--.-=-- Gymnothorax -........- Minin sen aie eee eeease Rabula.ces= scene ce longicephalus, Galeichthys -.-..---- Hexanematichthys - Tachisurus'--=----.- longiceps, Eleotris ----..-...-.-..=- Ey POPSIS\ a= sae = eee ee SHORE SS meade doncsear longicollis, Myrophis ...--...------ longidens, Caulolepis.-.--..-..-.----. longifilis, Bathygadus.......-.--.-- Hymenocephalus ..-..--- longimana, Etheostoma ..-....-..--- Malamiae secession ses longimanus, Boleosoma ..---------- Cichlasoma.-.-...-..=-- FLCr OS) 2 = soos Aes nae ar SqWalug) so. sess sese ee Xystroplites .....-...- longipes, Bathypterois ---...--.---- Gadus sos. 24 =. : teen een longipinne, Gobiosoma .-.-..-..----- Holocentrum -----.---- longipinnis, Clevelandia ....-....-- Evermannia..........- RHOMpUS s2s-6- esse Stromateus .--..---..-- longirostris, Alburnops .-.-.------- Catostomus ....-.---.- Cliolaweasteren sea sea ae HWSO 2 -- cess caer Euleptorhamphus ~..-. Hemirhamphus..---.-- Hippocampus......--- Ey pOpNLONi-s2= 4525-6 Lepisosteus-...-.-.-.- Malthieanicntes-h- see ING iropistj--essoe se —— Saurus, -sessecese sees My lOSUBUS fee eases longirostrum, Catostomus ..-.-.--- longispathum, Peristedion ..-..--..- longispinis, Ailurichthys ..----.--- RC HOMISteer scence a POMUNUS\esecice == ease Mong necked MelSteasssecer cecal Itong-nosed) Dace=2----s.--2-- =2-= = G@ar so 5st cose sees asec Suckerises--s- sees se Long-spined Sculpin -------<--2--- on g-tail! Shark=ese-se cee. eee sees Lndex. Page. 871 509 2658 2229 392 392 391 2781 130 130 2195 264 233 371 . 839 2566 2567 1054 38 1054 1520 1521 Page. longulus) | Callinnussssseseseaeeseeee 996 Pomotis?: 2=2.c5:4ee eee cee 996 longurio, Carcharias ---...-:.-.--.- 42 Scollodonweeree sees 42, 2748 longus; (Balistes- 2-22 css -eeeere 1707 Ophisuruse sess -2--e sector 377 Pisodonophises-----se2s2=5" 377 ook-Dowmn. 22 a. Sae= ce eee eae eaeeee 936 lophamr JP erCay. sssscee ee eee ee eeeee 947 hopharis'5-- 2-5 -tecscracmeaseache = 946 mediterraneus ......-..--- 947 Lophird ee 22 =< esc. ees sete 2713 ophiomussc-c= 23-2 so sesae eee 2714 Reulgeruss.=-- eee ee 2714 ophids@sssssss setae ee ese eee 2713 aculeatus.2-essacsceee ence 2741 americanus. s=—-5=-s=ees=e = 2714 DULO ye rrerae semis See eeen ise 2316 Sa DUS pores eee eee eee 2717 higtriois ci Sseacee esas 2716, 2722 ovellatts esas.) -seamaees 2722 DISCAUOMIUS ee ee toy eee 2713 PAdiIAatUs = -—ee cece seese ee 2738 TOSUEALUS ee eicere eaten jae 2737 SOUCCLUS I as-se Naseeee oe 2715 SPeCtrum -2s- 5-5 Sec ee ses 2723 tM Gus seeseae eee eee 2716 ViVi PaLus |e) xem mieeieceseae 2715 lophins Amiurus;==-esess-cere eee 138 Tetalwyi see ae s-se-eeeee ee 138 Thophobranehiinessrseee see ae 759 ophobranchsseeess-e—seeee= aces 759 OphOgobivs a= so= se sees eee 2209 cyprinoides.-.......-- 2209 liiopliol afilcs se esse eee 2278 chameleonticeps . ---- 2278 WMOpHOpsettayes ee s= ease aa erase 2659 maculata ss) s2e.2e-ees- 2660 | bord Trish <- - nas sese atone 1934 lordil: Salmo}s.c.c- jo. cc0 oe. ee eer 508 loreto; (Gramma)-s25o225 sess eee 1229 MOTI CARA secre ee taei ieee ae eee 156, 157, 159 UC UG Meera eee terre 158 barbakaye.c ease eee eeeee 158 pranstord@ie ooo. -= 158 lima 222. ieee See say aes 158 panamensis ......-..--..- 157 TOStLMlaee ae eee see 157 Btrigilatazegee <= --< ==" 158 uracantharee-e-s=--5-- 158 Wea l@ Staines eimai rr 159 Moricariwichthiys= >see eee ae 156 MOTiCarid oe oe ieee eae 155 HoOLiCaniineeeeee ose ae eae 156 lonicaita Aly Slave eee eee eae 569 Ws Oricgtie-- ae seen eee eee eee 1756 Index. Page. loricatus, Gasterosteus .----..-- . 747 Macrognathus...--....-. 110 Phalangistes ~2-.--2..-.. 2016 GOTO 5-5) ee Eee 1652; 1653, 1655, 1657 MOLOMOCARUSSeeeee sere Hees. asins 1654 WONG) 4363953 aSewe a oe ee 1642 TUG tele Slee ee eo ae ae ee 2550 DEOSMIANA ase perso et dees oe 2551 | COMPRESSai = ae ae eee ae ee = a 2551 INOMNALD = Sessa seein se = 2001 MBOMOS Aes ee eee eee 2550 | GOL Gece me ese eee oe ese a5 — ocr 2546 | Mma saWaris esse sesso 2546 | lotharingus, Gasterosteus.-.-.-..--.- 746 | WOUND ae eee er ee ve oats ae 2532 LOUD ShOLGa eee assesses ase eee 1119 louisiana, Engraulis ......---.-.-.- 446 louisianse; Notropis----...--..-..-- 2801 SIphostomapesea== eae 770 | Syngnathus .-.......... 770 lowely bolymisca-. —-- 22s see 854 lowii, Omosudis-.---. Sa eee tesserae 598 | LOxas se riOnovus ses ssa. 4—5 25-2 2156 up byGadnsesss: eee. oe eae ka. os 2561 lubricum, Branchiostoma... ..---- 3 NCAA N= nem os oo oe Sees ee a 663, 666 SUL seeeeriet mesa: eer 665 POOdCleerreers eA e ae 664, 2831 OMM aba ee oe see eee oe Brae Hs 663, 2831 FO aI Nile ea ree elaine 665, 2831 VONUSUAL = cc.oset sciticgicack =< 665, 2831 la¢asana, Sphiyrena.------.------- 826 lueasanum, Thalassoma __....--. 1607, 2859 Iucasanus, Chlorichthys .----....-.. 1607 DOUIS 2 ss ohe Seve cee 2 1607, 1608 lucasi, Ceratocottns.........-...... 1940 lucayanum, Asymmetron ....-..._-. 4 NGM C CIS WOLAS.- 2.525 = Sees ness os/sce 628 lucens, Ceratichthys ...---.--.....- 321 Dacentrusiss sss ee sSs- =o - 1496 Ineizeshondmluss=se-- sess s----=-- 225 Inneky Proachis= <2 ---esesceeee see 1971 laln ere tices -Atb OM nessa eee eee ee 2241 Gobiuss<4-e cere. sence 2868 hidibunda: Cligla==2s-.-ece-— s4502- 273 Cyprinellapesece eee eee 373 ludibundus, Notropis ...--..--..--- 273 MSP Cr S tO Om epee eee see eee eee 181 Iugabriss Caran sasans-soa=e a -e=r= 924 Cyprinellaesss-e--2-=4-2— 274 Malacoctenus .-....-..--- 2357 Melamphaes'------e-2-26 842 My KOG6S'5--e- sos see 2357 Plectromusy--.--- 4-242 --6 842 IRR THN an oe soc non sos=ee 628 luitpoldii, Characodon -....--.-.---- 2832 Inmibricus, Mnrcenae2-55-2-4e2eee ae 342 Maye pRIS t= emai tree 371 BT SREOEND A100 28 eter ee ae 2349 TUNUP SNUS seem eae et reper 2435, 2436 acnléatus 2ecoece a= sae 2433 anguillaris.-......- Bente 2436 3022 Index. Page. Mum penusfabvichivss =. a= 1-4 —< =e =e 2437 | luteus, Genyatremus Jia comeomm ete Lampetreformis.-....--- 2438 Iruitianus jose ae ee anette ee cee Mma Gk a yl eae enas eee 2436 Noturus Sases-e eee seen eee maculatus=-co-s----2>>- 2433 Rhiniehthys--e--essee=- =e MediUS)---n5 oe eee ee 24307 era bianigsa! os seen ae see reeee eos nubilus: -sssecsseee ee 2438 | Lutianins -.......-.-.- eens oculeatusit-ss-sso-ereeee 2433) || -Lutianusess a<-= shar asters ee see lumpenus, Blenninstase2sss------ee 3438 argentiventris -......---- Clintis 22.55 'F-s- eseeesee 2438 Colorados see eee eee eee SLichzs)=-- ee ese eee 2438 CUCtAbUS aes aoe eee ham piish:s oa sesecs oo sees 2096 Inteuss..-2oeee Cole ee Lump Sugker..............-.---. 2094, 2096 novemfasciatus ..-.------ [eM PUS Mee sere se at eee 2096 StOALNS Us accis esse Hees an clornimM ees eee ate 2097 | lutipinnis, Hydrophlox....-.-------- SPINGSUS S22 seees se aes} 2099 Manmilas esse. eee enees WOlCarIsie sees ee ee 2097 INOGropiseess=s--eeeaeee lumpus, Cyclopterus..--..---.--- 2096, 2097 Opisthopterus ------.--- LANA, GDISCIS) 222. wee eee sees 1754 IBTISi Paster =ae--- eee POU ema eaeessee tee eee 1753 | lutjanoides, Lutjanus .......------- lana, -Caranx cee ese eas ene 927 INeomenis ss. -e ee es WAM PLIS. 5. Sos. +e o- se eS e 954 Ocyurus2-so-ee- 2-202" POM OtI8 ees =e ee eee 1006 | Tutjanus acutirostris ..+...-------- LOUS ao se eissc== S45 sae saes = 955 AM DI OWUS epee eee eee lunaris, Orthragoriseus ---.-------- 1754 AN BSE se eee ee luna, Meheneiss+-s--s2se aces pao 2269 Apatus eee eee ee lunaticus, Dactyloscopus --.------- 2302 argentiventris -.--..----- lunatus, Platophrys -~----<-------- 2665 arnilluSieoss Oona IPleuronectes==--e 3. - == 2666 AND LIOb coe eee oe eee Rhinichthys ELAN atone 308 MITOLUDENS. ae ee eee Leen ee atronasus.... 308 AY Dee ee cine tonsa eee Rhomboidichthys----.---- 2666 blackfordisso:. seen une; Poissonen.cesssaeee eee eee 954 brachypterus Ph oe eee Wetrodon ses 2 ee eee eee 1754 buecanella 2. 2st eS loMiIsentis}~ATMUS messes oe eee ene 125 enballerotes-sa-cee cece ee Aspistor-----.-2------.- 2763 campechianus....---.---- Selenaspis!2225--0224--5- 125 CaXiS!; = cat eee eee) See Tachisurus==ses-ce-eeee 125 cayennensis..-...-------- lunulatus, Epinephelus .....--.---- 1159 Chrysunusees-se- soe enees Tubyans See eee a 1158 colorado. ----. Seay Sa Minstelus sacha eee 28 Cyanoplenuss=22=-ee ase Rhomboidichthys -- - ---- 2666 CyMOCONes =n sess Serranus ase J. seem eeece 1159 CUE Ac ceo eee oe opus; Ameimrus!s22 sc tenn see eee 137 dentatustsn- 2552 lee Amarhichas nace ee eee eee 2447 OTISCUSs ese eeee seer erates Netalunus: Sse eet ee eeke =e 137 guttabus, =e sees eee ee Se ebam elodias i aeeseer-s ase a= 137 INCTMIS: 2st yse5 se se ee lusea, Cyclothone --...-------=2.=- 582 JOCU seen sees saee ener ae lusitanicus, Vandellius-.........--- 887 lumulatus ssse-2 ee eeeee InteasAm eS wllae ae eee eee meee a 348 latjamoides---5---=24---=2 luteovinctum, Etheostoma --.--..--- 1086 MAN OP OM eee ee setae lutescens, Chetodon...---...-.--.-- 1680 MOLANULAESee eee ee Key phosus---=---—-----= 1388 novemfasciatus ---..----- Pimelepterus .-.--------- 1389 OPO codsassenccebas=see lmieum) Hicom Ong. see ss= eee eae 1304 PSAGWIGOS pease eee eres luteus, Centropomus --------------- 1024 PLICOm === eee eee Gadus.tomeodus.....--.---- 2540 profunduss--s-sc-e= eae 1241 1242 1247 1261 1268 1269 1343 1253 1256 287 287 286 437 437 1261 1261 1261 1259 1272 1267 1274 1261 1279 1271 1278 1265 1265 1268 1262 1257 1265 1260 1404 1276 1268 1255 1255 1255 1255 1257 1269 1275 1258 1158 1261 1273 1276 1253 1273 1253 1253 1264 “ewe Index. Page. Lutjanus purpureus .......---..-.. 1264 POSACOUB Leases ean 1267 StearmSiiessesesne- 2-5: 1257 AULINAMONSISsee ane oe - ee 1319 synagris ..---.----------- 1271 bormlidnstessaseces-e sens 1264 Oran SHUM eae eee a 1454 GiGeNnS ss =< se sees cee 1202 CEUODUS casas sees ee ac ese 1200 WMinobabuUs =s222-42-6---+- 1271 WOLTeSE 6. sacmee noses = 1583 WARIGISh Sasa emeetatiiese = 1246 VV AIM Sree eieieeeeiaccs 1264, 1265 lubkKeni! Ei xXOCtbUSs=-4-5/2ec-c-5>-~ 736 Innitodeira ==: ote esas sas see sci 414 lntrensis) Cliolateeeenacceseenee ass - 272 WGUCISGNS= <= - 20-2] sees 272 INOtropist=—-- 2 =sae-e5-=— 271 luxatus, Chasmistes.....-..:.------ 183 EAXUIMUB = ieee ee aseeeee ee seeeina 247 occidentalis -=.--..----- 247, 2799 US Se aes ak wie eee Se oe 250, 254, 257, 281 chickasavensis .--.-------- 275 chrysocephalus ........-.-- 282 @issimilisp sen sssee ee seco 319 elongatus) s--5---" 2-=--- = 240 erythrogaster.......--..--- 210 INLOPEMPUUS 25-9) 282 kentuckiensis-..-..--....-- 279, 322 lOpPtOSOMUS== ses essa ee 250 MaGIS seen eee ee ee 299 occidentalis nace eo: 247 TOS GUS setts ernie ian ate = = 288 SOCOM aetree ciecinecicc assoc = 250 BOIGNG< secon eee chs sees: 269 ZOMISMUS see ee ems acis=« 285 luxoides, Cyprinella .---....------- 274 lyeaodon, Oncorhynchus -.---.----- 481, 483 HalmoOsese-eeeste cee cis 483 ibycenchelys.scece sass 2471 MOTIMOLI sere ae ase 2471 WEEP sass acces 2470, 2471 by cengraulis <2 --25.5252-22 451, 2811, 2816 PTOSsSsideNns s=--=2---—-- 451 WO esoscduanee esee 2811 ly chnus, Mayr prististsce = 2 = o2 2 = 847 Do CLABLeae Cel eie eee Se eco 2461, 2463, 2468 HY COCATA: sara aee te seein as s-secie as 2478 DAL peace ese conse ss se 2478 iy codalle pistes 6 = a aoe ss = 2468 AI CONU Sie = sie acne 2470 Polaris es se2--e2s-6=2- 2468 Urner eee Aas eee ee = 2469 bycodapodidaers ss. -2--esea6-.5---- 2491 VCO AD US leet eee ec ciee ois sf '- 2492 Page. Lycodapus dermatinus .-.-........- 2492 OxbENSUS sa - recs see 2479 HELASLEI eS sels. Oey 2493 MALVACOPS eee eee eae sea 2493 Sy COd ESSe ne seese eee a en oer. see 2461, 2462 DLOVADES! cesses =e eee eee = 2467 COCCINGUS = eee eee ener eoeree 2469 CONnCOlOR ass enone eee 2463 diapterus,.se-2-2 ee ees oes 2473 digitatustcssns-sss-eeceeee 2466 esmarkil <5 iecescecscancees 2463 soy Pat hi ogeeoee cesaeessoosc 2465 PTACHiss oo sae cine ee eemere 2465 MU COSUS) see a sae eee eee 2470 nebulosus eres eee ee eee 2468 paciticus eee et eee eee 2460 Palearis' (case. eee sees eeee 2466 paxdlloides@ersesseeeeesree 2471 paxillns-55 4. oso -ceeee 2471 perspicillam’----5--3---- <= 2465 polaris) = s.5—- 2s. 922---—- 2444 Lyconema-*ss :— =< =,42-se2s 1172 Umbla minor 22s o2s----.-5- 823 marinus, Ailurichthys.----------.- 118 BOX ss oeeio eee eesras 714 Paber::-ssesis see ne-cese5 1668 Helichthyseenc=—-s2-—te- 118 Petromyzoniso=seeseeee see 10 camtschat- ICUSissce5ee 2745 dorsatus-..--. 10 unicolor= eres 10 Raja diabolus ---.---..--- 93 Sebastes eis. s2-1=- 1475 panamensis..-........ 1473 Saxatilign --\-\erer- 2/1 1475 SIMUSe. = See iieeetes 1472 OL LU aS etree i=l 1476 Mien tipercaie. jis ms sacinmia 1208, 1209, 1214 luciopercana .-----.--. 1216 mento, Balistes 22-225 ss2s-e2-- = 1710 IBLAMIODSIS aera eee eae a 1502 Chanosee- eee -eseeac oer 415 Paral patisies cepa =eeeeee 2142 Kanthichthiys eo. .-ss-esee 1710 meatzelii, Chironectes -------..-..- 7224 CLEATS tte ae areal 1154 mercekil, Coregonus ------.---.----- 470 meridionalis, Amiurus-......-..---- 135 (Cyne eeceseeceo5os 1951 Ne talanuse sere eee 135 MCMO DO See sasheodes 164 Sclerognathus......-. 164 Merlangus -.-----.- eee eee eee 2529 leptocephalus --.-.------ 2535 WOMANS) = o55ceaoessonssoc 2534 productus'-------------- 2531 PUTPULCUS = -=—- = -- == — a 2535 merlangus, Anoplopoma -----.-.----- 1862 Meninecid cite sae reeee se ee eee 2529 WIGRIRORII soos sh o5c5 SoeedsrEeaseso- 2529 ; aM DISMNS eee = eee 2530 argentatus -.--.---.---- 2530 bilinearis ......-....-- 2530, 2531 3032 Index. Page. Page. Merluccius esculentus --..-..------- 2030)|Miesoprion lin@ate--2a-= esses 1260 Mn is cess. 2 ae soe ee 2530 LG umpaeeae es ae ee acts 1258 Meri CCMIS) ses eet == a 2530 TAO SOM see a ee ee 1273 PLOdaAChis esac seers 2531 Oj)ANCOke ees see aes asoee 1273 SUM AOUS eee te lee eee 2530 pacificus’ === -2s-see-=- 1253 SPOONS Som ocooosseos< 2530 PATLUStse see eects 1255 Vn aS eee eee ees 2530 profonduseesssseere eee 1263 merluccius; Gaduss-e--s-es5— oe 2530 Picardie eso. ese see sees 1273 Merluccius: sai. -s-- ==" 2530 TOSACOUSE =~ ee meee 1267 Merlucius albidus--------------.-.- 2531 SODran 2. sees e a aaa 1266 attenuatus .-.---.-...... 2546 UnIMOtatis!:- 2-42 so-so 1271 lanatusesscosecreeseseeee 2530 VLE Saeeetae eee eee 1263 Moerlus).:252-2252 5ste 5s sense caesece 2529 | VOU OR cece a anaeisias 1281 merlus,; Gadus) sees as eee eseeee 29380) /|\¢mesops,Arias===26=<50>-eee acess. 123 Mero ee icc eee ese setese see se ce 1154, 1162 | IBABEUS ec eaee ae oes ees 123 dedoWlto= sae. ae 1161 | Sciadeichthys ------------ 123, 2760 Merrow: ssccsetsbntenceece ese eas 1154, 1780 DPachisurus*---bsee-ee = see 123 merriami, Empetrichthys .--------- 667) Mesopus: 22: 222252 2-ee seeenene == 524 mertensii, Cottus ...-.-...--.-.--.- 1986 | Olids 22 eer aeee seen = 525 Meru H-Holoceninase seseeeceee eee ee 1154 | mesotrema, Asternotremia-..-....-- 787 Merulinus) +22 -se eae ese ee 2148, 2149, 2156 | metallica, Agosia.--.-..-..- Salcionve srs 314 MIGritis'-2ee- tea tee Somes she cee sean 1148 | Hcheneist-=-----ee =s—a= 2270 mers, Centropristis\ss2-----=--=-=- 1162 | Heterandria .--.--2--.=-- 687 Hpinepleluss-—---s-e 2 1162 metallicus, Girardinus --....--..---. 687 meseum, Boleosoma nigrum .------ 1059 | INO LEO Distr meinem eae 297 meseus, Peecilichthys -...-.-.----- 1059 | metamorensis, Limia-------.------- 700 mesogaster, Exoceetus .-...-..--..- 129 | Metoponops ------------------------ 2678 Parexoceetus ------.- mete 728 COOPER S25... 2 een ose cen 2680 IMeSOL0DIUS =e as eetae se aaeee ane 2ALOWMGtrOrastena teen eee eee eee 1498 Mesogonistius ---.-...----.--.. Secs 994 lincolatus'-=-=-5- == sss= 1499 chetodone.---2----- S9bs| "meulini, Diodonree---=-eeeee see eee ee 1748 IMGs ODriOnG secre eee eae sepa eee 1247’ | Mio Wiaru =. 4-25-22 catseanceoeeme 1829 ambiguus....-...-.---.. 1272 | Mokenokoemeaseesen seeesr 1829 AUBLIGS soeee cece eames 1266) "Mexican-Sole=te.s-eeetasoce ee seer 2698 LAGU Sesame ecae aa 1274 | mexicana, osetia cae seen. een 692 argentiventris..-..--.-. 1261 | mexicanum, Dorosoma..-..---.----- 416 IST LO meena see ee 1279 | Myctophum ---=------ 563 aunorubensssos-cs- see 1278 | Nannobrachium ...... 562 aurovittatus..-..-.-.--- 1276 mexicanus, Amblyopus ---.--------- 2264 ete 1264 | - DANY AOUS fect once BABES 2237 PUccAne esas eeees a 1262 | Centropomus.......--- 1121 caballerote --.---.-..--. 1257 | Chat0essasi-sse-- -s-e-< 416 campechanus -..-.--.-... 1265 | Chronophorus .---.---- 2237 caudanotatus -.--....-.. 1262 Gertessasesem=rs eee 1380 CORIS steer eres aeeernal 1260 Gobius' = -s-s-2 sees se 2237 ChryStmusie=-esie -eeeeeee 1276 | Mira lence 813 cyanopterus.....------- 1255 | Pempheris.....-.------ 978 CYMOGONE -eccasse sees 1255, 1260 Saurus: 22s ese 538 Geib ToUs sea e a sees 1279 | Tetragonopterus ------ 335 @lGD RNS eer ee ene aaaae 1278 | miarchus, Stolephorus-.-.-...-...--. 441 flavescens .--.----..-..-. 1260) |) Michigan @isco =2-22 22 ——- 9-22 - === 469 Griseus!/eeeesssees esses 1257 | Grayling 2.225222 esse: 518 UV UALS see ie eee 1269 Herrin geese seen eee ee 468 INSLMIs see oo eee 1275 | Reyes aeee eee eee eer 469 isodon.< 5. esed st Seep eee 1967 | Micriatios(+(2-seeensee2 <2 eee 633 JOCW Sanco. eo eee ee ear 1958) | SVieristod Uses sse- see ene 52 [ndex, 3033 Page. | Page. Micristodus punctatus -.........--. 52 | microperca, Etheostoma..-......---.. 1104 microcephala, Cynoglossa .-..------ 2655 | Microphis......-...---.----..--+--. 773 IPlatessay- --- == 3225.2: 2654 | microphthalmum, Hemulon ....-..- 1296 microcephalus, Gasterosteus wil- | microphthalmus, Dermitator ...... 2198 liamsoni. - 22525. 751 | HMeros= = asnoe ees. 1536 Pleuronectes -....-- 2654 | Tetragonopterus. 334 Somniosus ...-...--. 576) Macropogon =e seen eee 1461 SOMALUS oe anne 3 7 altipinnis --..2.... oe 1464 MTCTOGMOSMUS! oes seas ani 2 Ss 5s 2450 ALeNnteus!-m-acs-eee sei 1463 aA = aint = i/< 2450 costatus) 225222 s-ee cee 1462 retropinnis ---.------ 2450 @CLONGS=eeea tases eee 1463 microdon, Cyclothone -.------.---- 582, 2826 FOEN Ota =e essen 1462 (GODIN A Nese soe acta isotiaae 2227 lineatusyeseeets eee 1461 Gonostoma.....-..------ 582 megalopses---eneseeee 1463 OsmMerus=-- === === 521 opercularis............ 1461 Pseudotriakis ....-.-.... 27 | mndulatns=eeseeeseee 1461 Wacrodonophis!—-.---s-sasess=e-—>— 381 | micropogon, Ceratichthys........-. 323 MiICrOp ads see. see = see eaaaetm i 2538 | microps, Agonostomus......------- 820 ORD RUS erate 2539 ‘A Gherinas. es eee 791 LOMmCOd nen -eMenmee eer 2540 Beloness es ene Sekee 712 micrognathus, Lonchopisthus ------ 2287 Galliarus ss s3s.eh sitet so. 996 Opisthognathus -- --- 2287 Carchariass 22 5so-5-2oeen 40 IMGro DO DIUR ps seen ae gee ee 2242 Caulolatilus ........--..-- 2277 zyclolepis.------------ 2247 COryina262e.--se5-t seer 1445 eulepis..-...---------- 2244 Cottunculus -......------- 1992 PUOSUS ee ee eee eee 2243 Majausice-osot esse ese re 820 Ssigiatus,2-=42---2--2-- = - 192 moelanops:.----=--.::--- 187 minytremus, Gyrinichthys -...-.--. 2137 MionubUS =2-25-o222=s-n2ete2es-- =~ 1106 | mirabile, Exoglossum.-.....--...--. 303 mirabilis, Clupea:..:.--..--...-- cts 429 | Crystallichthys..-....-..- 2865 Galbiehthyss2-552-2------ 2250 WV COGONES acc ce = seems 2474 Phenacobius. -.--.-..--.-. 303 minum; ;Calloptilam=>=.--..,-.------ 2527 mispilliensis, Ameiurus..-.....---- 141 NESSISSIP DT Cabicas= = as tale ween 137 mississippiensis, Morone -.---..---. 1134 PPIs hi8/2-- esac. 61 MISSOURI SUCKOT ssaa-2-1= so saes ses = 168 MISSHIMIBNSIS, CMOlse-- 425 ss225-25-- 262 EH yibOPSiS)<=-=5=5--= =: 262 mitchilli, Argyriosus......-.--.:.-- 936 PACIPORSED © ecco ek siace + = 105 Oise = so sces tema So. 1973 | JOP hin WLS aecoeeoce 446 | MOPIEM AB a=s-o ss se =e =e 1133 | Index. Page. eEOLtch Perea eee ccs 1133 alternata wo... 1133 interrupta ---+...- 1133 Stolephorus -............ 446 Mitchillindesccce ee ene ee a ee 453 Dairdil cols see eee ee 454 mitis, Balistes-=--.-- eee eee eeeeee 1705 mitzukurii, Sebastodes ...-.......-- 1831 miurus, Mystriophis-.-:.--...-.-2- 387 Noturas? tec eee re 148 Ophichthyss----eeessseeaes 387 sehilbeodes-22 222 =a. ceca 148 Scytalichthys: -o......----- 387 IMXOnaS VOTES oe ee ee ee eee 2523 laticeps:.-s2--eseaeeeeaeee 2523 mixtus Gadus tomcodus ...-..-:---- 2540 MniGr pes Stare U cee eee eee weer 2364 macrocephalus.--...--..... 2364 Wo bulae = 22 etre a eee ee 91 modesta, Cheonda2scs-.--5 =se2eseee 234 Gam busiaia..seeeeeeee 693 Pimelodella: <2 sere toe ss 154 modestum, Hzemulon.....-....--..-- 1340 IMOGES TUS MIS oa Lea ee owen 1601 Osay Mbit neem ees eset 1601 Pimelodits? 22.2. s-s65=5 154 iPomadasyS—> ss. 5.2 cesses 1321 Pseudojalis!=- 2-42 53-e22 1601 Squalile ee ne ese 234 mMyrichthys —----=-sss2—= 1619 Mcbialt 5 oo-s2se cess eee eee S 2510 PLOMELAs eee Moe ee nee ae 2511 moerens, Gonopterus —-=-225- 25-5. 1688 Moharra sc. 55222 tes sh ere Seeciace 1378, 1374 mobri, (Clinus! === 2701 | fOTM OSA) 2s 2ee sos ec oe 271 IMO VQ es serra eomince nga erent 181, 1026 | fri Pid geese scans eee 271 WOE ciderbieeoopceisouredcnae saseece 2551 PUD DOSAee eee sees aeons ep aie NUN ayss=sa6 1 eae eee 2551 STACHICE fare selects 272 linn ios = 53. .tess cas ees 2552 jugalist2--e--)2-sseeciaceeeee 272 MACWLOSR=2 5-2 (es nse seme 2551 leetabilissess-cpeaceaeeeeee 272 MOl]Vat Sanson Soe ese see - 2551 leonina. 252 =5.) .2 26 cee e= =e 1712 tLIStissse ease tce esate 272 Monacanthus x22 sss eeeee Tr We Monikcfish veis-eease en ecaeacoe anes 58, 2713 amphioxys-..----.--- 1717 | monoceros, Alutera ...-.--.------ 1720, 2860 BOTA eee see ene 1716 Balistes <3 2) cise == 1719, 1720 PLOCCUSKe =~ cena 1716 ' Monacanthus ......---- 1720 ciliatust=-eeeeeene. 1714, 1715 | Monochir lineatus..........-.--.--- 2698 davidsoni...(--5---+/ 1715 | maculipinnis-----.-.-:--.- 2698 filamentosus......-.. 1716 PELICULAS Ee emacs 2696 gallinula.......-..-.. LAUGH Mono Chin ste aee- eeee see eeeeee 2694 hispiduss-s-eeseesc== 1715 | monocirrus, Exocetus ......-....-. 730 WAKE TUE! becasasopose 1713 | Monodactyline ......--............ 1667 mac! ocerus -------.-- LAS 4) Monolene\ sate sea. ae one steisiese oefepatate 2690 massachusettensis. - - 1716 | AUELM AD apease eee eee 2692 monoceros ....------- 1720 | sessilicanda 22 ---- senses 2691 occidentalis.......... L7LSs Mon omi tray sess eaneee eee 2138 oppositus .-.---.--.-- ‘1716 | liparinasss-eeecea ease 2139 Pardalisy ooo. sce <1. 1713 | monophthalmus, Auchenopterus. -. 2372 parraianus) ---------- 1713 Crennobates.-...-. 2372 DILAAC Ayes aaa Aili # eNOn OPTION ee see rae eee eater 1106 proboscideus --.----- 1719 maculatus ........-....- 1109 pullus\ se See eaecsty 1713 pigmentarius .--....-.-- 1109 punctatus.--....... L713 31719) | Mono pherhinuseas-seeetssss=seee oe 18 SCriptus)-c-n-s---is=1 1719 | monopterygius, Aspidophoroides 2091, 2092 Index. 3037 Page. moringa, Lycodontis...........-..- 395 META Beyeecen ene serie ee 395 Siderasees Leet eee. ase 395 moringua, Gymnothorax.....-..... 395 morio, Centrolophus -.....-...-.---. 963 Epinephelusisscs-cae se eesee 1160 Serrani wats eet ae 1160 mormyrus, Campostoma ..........- 206 MOrOne 2 fase ae cee ee eee ere 1133 AMELICANAs== eee eee 1134, 1135 Hivescenss.es.-seeee eee eee 1024 Interrudpiase sae eee eee 1134 Lineatans Se ae sae een 11383 maculata22- ot cee eee 1010 mississippiensis....-.-..- =a 1134 multilineatace=----seeeeeeee 1132 pallidamevaissecccccee sees 1135 TOL eee aca 1135 Moroni ae seesefen ieee ea eee cone eeee 1127 INIGLORODSISiS-e eee ee eeree eae 1013 Mornhuasste sey aaeceice sce ees se steees 2540 PO lEHNUS = este eiseisceeeas = 2543 BIMENI CAN Bessa wets cre 2540, 2541 ecaliforniGaees seas en-= 2539 punctatus: 2252552. c ola 1027 Wmbrinare: 252. 25.2.5 5-.- 1475 nebulosum, Gunnellus--.----.------ 2414 nebulosus, Acantholebius.....---.- 1872 MNCIUTUS ee eee ne eee: f 140 catulus ...... 141 marmoratus - 141 Apionichthys .--..----.- 2703 Centronotus. 2 2::-=---.- 2414 Cestreusts-.5- 222-22 --= 1409 CHINO PSIS\ fee tee eee 1872 Chirns: 2 -s25s52s245s 5-55 1872 Clintissteos See ccc 2438 @ynoscioniets-ses ss e=e 1409 BNnedEas seas es a's 25 2 ae 2414 Gasterosteus --.--..-... 746 lnycOG hia see ee alla 2468 - Menticirrhws:+-.-----~ - 1475 Otolithus's. 2-5 2-4-<.. 1409 | Pimelodus---eeeseess cs - 140 | Sebastodes .-..--.----.- 1826 ST OS Heer aa ee =e 143 | Symphurus.......------ 2712 Wrolophusixc-- << ==: =< 80, 2752 Nie ChOts ace ates ene wicletatnsles notes = 1436 nectura, Gymnomurena ....-.----- 404 Murznoblenna.--.---.----- 404 necturus, Uropterygius:...-..------ 404 INeedlefishssossss222--s---c------<-- 714 Needlefishes.-=--5...-5------....... 708 INGetrO pls tesa eiae oiente-=1r = om = - 1541 nematopus ---.--...-..- 1541 nicaraguensis ..---.-..--- 1542 nefastus, Pomotis --.---.----------- 1003 neglecta, Clupes-=-------------.---- 434 Corvina (Amblodon)..-.--- 1484 neglectus, Amblodon..-.--..-------- 1484 INGp tay bOCAe senso ee foes ~m-- === ~~ = 1837 ID SMEraO assoc stces ows = soe 2204 DING es Tote eee 1160 Petters sewenee ace eo soe eae 1142 WNepro; Barbero------.-----.-.-.---- 1692 San eet eae 1252 ENG Gar G= 416 beset er eee ieeials area ial 1146 negromaculatus, Rhypticus .--.---- 1233 MElsonis AWW AOUS* = 2o2—- == |= << -- 2235 (GopIMsStssa-55sse 2 ~ esse 2235 nelsonii, Coregonus .--------------- 466 Nematistiidze 894 3043 Page. IN Gmiabistiasseen ei -maeies oe sem eee 895 pectoewlist- sss. seer 895 Nematognathibeceeas se mesee = s- -- 114 Nematonnrus 2) esse serese ee see: 2571 CY ClOlEPisisasa see: 2571 fOOdel}= 2225 o caso e =) 2571 Macrurus magnus ..-- 2574 suborbit- alis ... 2572, 2573 Nematonus= n=: oaeeecee ene eee 2518 pectoralis:-- ose -ee as 2518 nematophthalmus, Scorpena...--.- 2861 Sebastes..:..--. 2861 nematopus, Neetroplus...-....-..-.- 1541 Physiculuisie=soc-ne se 2548 Nematostoma -2 1234 PUY Bik@US eine ce ote == 1234 3045 3046 Index. : Page Page Nifidie. Weuciscus=--sceciee anor cee 221 | normalis, Bassozetus..--.......--.- 2507 Pomadasisa- Aenea eee 1326 | Northern Barracuda ...-.-,----.--- 825 Promoxis-s-.e-e-s-se sree 987 Striped Gurnard ..-.-....-. 2167 Salmotescen sae eee eee 509 Suckereeea- see -- eee eer 176 Salven seme t 509 Wantirna eee 1475 nivalis, Salmo alpinus..-...:...--.-- 5090) North-River shad sess 2-.s.-eas- seer 427 nivea. Cliola).-cs-.e snes eee 278 | Merveprica, Perea -sasse=sessee ees ace 1761 niveatus, Epinephelus ---.-.-..---- 1156 | norvegicus, Corypheznoides ........ 2579 Microspathodon.....----- 1567 | Lepidoleprus ---. --.--- 2579 Pomacentrusess--e- eee 1568 Sebastesa=e-a-neeee- 1761 Serraniusissc 2h asense ee 1156 | norwegianus, Squalus..-....-.5.--- 57 niveiventris, Amiurus -.....------- 138 | norwegica, Perca.....-...-.--.-.-.. 1761 Tetalurusse--4-.2eese= 138 | No:shee Troutz.2--- -assaeceeece ee 503 Hiveus, Hybopsis-e--ssssss-s eee 278 | nostras, Liparis ---....-2........-.- 2118 | Notropis.ceneseeaeiet Beet Driiiabnr (yeni bis), ywreapytulshs = Becies sea nace 309 3 chloristius.....--- 278) Notacanthinwses--secceeeeomseen an. 613 Photopenisdss-25--2--— ere 218) NOt@eCanbhusecss-=.c etna en 614 Nivicola:?22 scleoect abet ae te 1066, 1082 | AMSG coco tee 615 nivipes, Emblemaria..-.-. -------- 2402 challengeri::::-/2-- 22 = 618 NiVOSUS;. COLtUS ..--= os se see a oo at 1985 chemmitzil-=.--t:.---- 614 Myoxocephalus ..-..-..--- 1984 NgSUssS—— eee ese Rec ee 615 Sebastes -o-e---22— --==--~~ 1834 phasganorus.....-..-. 616 Sebastodesmecere sasciea ani 1833 PISSCAMUS = —o-< <= -ssee 618 nobilion isons Sismlse seen 629 TOsiLats ss! etc see: 617 nobilis, Atractoscion....----------- 1493 GNOtaTiOS ecenteec.s sere ee eee eee 119, 2764 Cestreus 2225205552 seecece = 1413 | notata, Atherina_.....-.i......-..- 800 Gonodon252-58 2 eee 1324 Atherinichthys .-........... 800 CyNOSCiOn s-22= = seee === 1413 Belone-p cea cee sees 711 BiSOx scece os tene Moos ae see 629 Chigla ssa 2a eves aeosemen 274 Gambusiae=tesch-esesce sce 682 Cyprinella-<.-5-2— 2430 Pale see eRe ee 2478 pellucidam) > = s-cese sc. - 354 profundorum .--..--.----. 2484 | GavlOnis creases as see see 2489 | bey el Cee ee Aneecseod 2477 WIIG). 2s eccencescesse 2477 ophidoides; Liparis)-.----<<--2.<<:- 2118 @phioblenniine == 2%... --2<2s<-.--- - 2347 Ophighlennims ios 1-62 e (cs cne =~ 2400 steindachneri...-.-.- 2401 WOM -<-ccceacs ss < 2401 Ophiadontes seas seeeee ese asses. = 1875 GlONPALUS eS esa own = at 1875 pantherinus -.----...--.- 1876 Ophiodontin:o=------.5--2------->-- 1864 Ophioenachus ier 2 sane s/< acne = 405 ampullaceus ......-- 406 OphiGscion es.) === 1446, 1447 ROMS HUA e esate as l= === = = 1447 INCE PS eee eters aaictele ae 1451 SClOLUS 2-222 ssc s2s- 55. 1452 SUMS) Sassen seins cic 1449 SUTADO = -ones-coc=-+- = - 1448 ADU ocecbodenenesaens 1448 VELMICTUBTIS| o2-==/-< ca: 1452 ophioscion, Corvina-..-..-.------.--- 1448 SOLON As cease sae misicists 1448 OpRIS PUT OHA ees = ees = 382 Ophichthwsc..-eeies sess. cc 2804 OphiSOmaee te ete sae Reka ciale\ 2 aio) SOG; GOD UG Tisai ele male yaa oie aiala ae 356 Index. Ophisoma analis NUtGUS ee ee eee sae Ophisternon Ophisura intertinctus Ophisuraphist2=<-c--2- 54 eeee acuminatus 22-2 --sces4- californiensis crocodilinuis=>--=-eeesee= guttatus: -......--....... latimaculatus lon@usiasse. seco eae Paniliges. ssn. sc 52a KY StUULUS!- Se sacs s a es ophryas, Paralichthys ...-.-.--...--. IPTIONOLUS Aa ease eeteeee ophthalmicus, Lepomis Opisthistius quinquemaculatus - UVONWIS|-2=4-= sess" Opisthognathide Opisthognathus ...-..........-..... macrognathum .... macrognathus .-... micrognathus ommatai--2---=---- rhomaleus2: += === Opisthone mace ee Opishhoptertis ===. ae 374 375, 381 377 384 385 388 385 382 376 377 386 384 376 2630 2164 1001 1384 2349 2428 2428 2430 2430 2279 2280 2281 2281 2281 2282 2284 2284 2282 2287 2283 2282 2281 2281 2285 2282 432 433 433 432 436 437 437, 2811 437 3054 Index Page. | Page opisthophthalmus, Conger -.-..---- 356 | oreas; Chrosomus ss. -. s-= eee eee 211 Opladelisizeeperes:aeserr eee ene 142 | Oregon Brook Trout ....---..--.-..- 501 Oplopompieeeses= eee an nee ae eee 1875 | CharrReecese ee seteeeee oe 507 pantherina -----.-.....-.- 1876 | StULSéON aes aeeaee eee ee 104 oppositus, Monocanthus ..--..----- 1716 | oregonensis, Cyprinus (Leuciscus) - - 225 Opsanuseeees---2-=-e eee eee ea 2315 | Menciseus== = cerns ser 225 cevrapalus|2---—-Seee see ee 2316 | Ptychocheilus .--..-. 224, 2796 DALGUS Pea == eee eee eee 23d163|(Oreille sNOIG: == 22a sii =e 1261 Gayl fone cee aeeates eee 235 >) -Oreosomar ae. 225s seas cov meele eer 1662 Opsop(2aiess seep eerae eee eee 247, 248, 249 | atlanticum ..-...-.-....- 1662 Opsopcoedus S2e-eee---- hee eee 247, 248 | GOnIfeLumasss-ecoor-ueee 1663 bollmanie=22--2---c-e 249) | Ores tine sone eee asin eeeiaoe-tae 631 emilioi.teeueiece sees 248 | orientalis, Anarrhichas ............ 2447 mesalops =------------ 248 | Chan0se2s tic swesee cence 415 OSCUlUS = sesereeee= eee 248 | Oncorhynchus ...-.-.... 480 Opthalmolophus ..--.------.--.---- 2360 Pelamyse ae se eae oe 873 OquassalErouters=.---s+seereeees 514 | Salmo 2oss-s5 gis ecceseee 480 oquassa, Salmo .------- eee 515 | ornata, Amia-----.-....-.--....:..- 113 Sal vVelinusie- sees see eee 514, 515 A PHOVIStiao- = ese cee 2707, 2710 marstoni..-.---- 515 Cliolai2:25isacccesseeteess 271 MALCS1 Js2se = = 515 Cochlognathus .......-.--..- 252 Oranchee; Grandeess--eeo- sees 1057 Wodoma) 2ocacesees ese eee 271 Oranceseil ofc eaten eestor mee 1718 Bmbioto¢aeecs=-e-2 sates a 1506 ROCKAS Hee — eta ee 1793 Hiydicaroyneeres sees eee 2827 Orbe bey Di0d ons. 4a55 eee meson 1749 Raj aascccsccens scene sacs ves 70 orbicularis, Atinga aiter minor..--- 1749 | ornatum, Campostoma .---.-......- 205 RHoOmMpuUS eee eee eee 966))| ‘ornatus, Achinnsss: s.scseanee seee es 2709 Orpidus 2---=- See eee eee 1729 Balistes:-2osn ee Bases 1719 orbignianus, Exoceetus-..-..-------- 729 Cochlognathus .-....----.-- 252 orbiguyana, Pellona.-...----------- 436 INS OKA oe selene See eae 626 JMB IESE iosooosesesagore 2626 Galles) s-ass se soee en 2299 orbignyanus, Conger..-.----------- 355 Gunellus 0-4 7s-ce- eee 2420 Orbis echinatus ---.--------.------- 1745 Eabruss2(2. ssbee secs er ane 1610 levis variegatus.-...-------- 1735 Murenoides----cnaeescee 2420 TMUTIGHUUS Eee naeee see 1749 Notropisi-s 2222.2 2=-esce ic 270 TEtlCulabi ste eaee eee eee aaa 1750 PHOliss case esetestc eee eee 2419 orbis, Cyclopterus-.-------.----...- 2100 Metrad one -a races 1742 Eumicrotremus ....-..----- 20995)21003) Ornichthiys-o-s- pessoa eae 2148 orbitarius, Pagellus-.------.. eee eee 13505) Orguetacas-teeseeeee. ses ane eens 937 SEEMS! Boecceceancscscoc 1350 | orqueta, Chloroscombrus ---.-..--.- 937 OLGA NOLO MIs sree eee ees ore seria 289": orsint) OzoduTatss-s.-5--cecaemeuees 1754 Orcellameees=sssseeee= eet erae 254, 257, 289 | orthagoriscus, Cephalus .-...-...-.- 1754 ORCI, AVA Bite eterno lola = ama alee 960 | Orthagoriscus.....-..-....-.-...-.- 1754 orcutti, Leuciscus----.------------. 2415 ROrthiehohy see nee eaceee eee cera 759 BAOxainU See e eens 242) OrchodOne.. epee essa ee eee eemeeels 206 Orcynuste: eet ece eee ese eee ae 869, 870 microlepidotus. ..-....-.. 207 AALOD Ga seaceme eee 871 | orthogrammus, Carangoides.......- 928 eS HOT AUS meter stele eer a 869 Cavers eee ata 929 pelamiysere-cese- ssc acer es $69 |; Orthonops €0s--— c= ee ae Sane eae 2262 Schlegelut-e-s-sssemece see 870 | orthonotus, Ditrema -.-.----.---.--. 1507 subpUIatUS ee eee ems Sil | (Orthopristise---ce-= sees 1334, 1335, 1336 a ae ee sea erate 869 breyvipinnis) <= =-ces--—-— 1341 GHATS eee ee eels 870 cantharinus-...---.. 1339, 1340 ordinatus, Chirus ----- eee eee 1870 chaleeusi--eee Seen ee 1337 Epinephelus ..-..-.....- 1155 chrysopterus -.-...... 1338 Hexagrammus.....-.... 1870 duplex --o-se-se seme 1339 2 | Index. 3055 Page. | Page Orthopristis forbesi ................ 1336 | Osmerus mordax abbotti..........- 524 INOTNAGUSiE= Sees ose. 1342 | spectrum..-.....- 523 lethopristis ......-.... 1340 | OW POd OMe ee es ete sseetnee 2824 BOON Meee sssee ss seo 1339 PESULOSUS P= ace eee oie: 525 TEAQING Hess ssecaa 1336 thaleichthys ...--......... 522 Orthopsetta --------..-..-..-..... 2678, 2679 viridescens ---25.22- =. -5- 523 BOLdida sees teases. BESO EOsphyolaxa: =: shee e eee ee 775 ONinGs KOsCbUS enema mean foe see 1313 | pellucidisss pes. ese 775 maculicanda-.--..--- UST Se | MOSBeTS, SOx: = 32 tee nS ae 110 Orthracg oriscisis- 2-2 sess 2-55 1753 | Ihepisosteus!--25- se sssee eee 109 alexandrini...--...- Moss Ostariophysi.o-os2 2-2 ee oe eee 114 aNalIB bee se sams eee t 1754 | ostentum, Careproctus ..........--- 2134 batiarse:<---<..-..- 1754 | osteochir, Echeneis -.........-.....- 2273 bloehiirne.='ss4254.-.5 1754 | Rhombochirus........--- 2273 ClOSaNSs <-Sesc< = 2-5 = 1754 | osteosticta, Trygon ...........-.... 84 PASCIAUUS es o-oo fode PORDCHUNYS.-=s5-2)- meso ee ee cee ee 846 Siti ee eeee eee see a iiots | POstovhinchus) s22-=-25--eae ee aeasee 1106 NISpIg@us= = 2220 es-— =e 1754 | flonrien’:.2- == === =o 1107 POPS eee ae a a tea a ioe. Ostrachidaet = 52.5. 0scscse coon se ees 1721 TOMA essen ae ROstracion oe ects kas ee 1721 = oplon suse ssee=- 1756 bicaudalis: 223225 04. 1723 oculeatus: .----..... 1754 | Doopsysssse sso steeee ee 1755 Oz00dUra)-=---=..---- 1755 cathetoplates oblongus -- 1728 TOG eso osssecs tes 1754 coneatenatus. .-......-.-. 1723 ME UZAleee ene eas 1754 conico oblongus..-...--.- 1745 rondeletii ........-- 1754 OXPansuM 2 o6222a5- 2.2 1724 ROlAnISee sa eee a= 1754 TOMO Miso sae el 1725 SPMOSUS! see eee 1754 guineensis ---.--......... 1725 truncatus ....-....- 1756 listenis—2: sete cee ese 1725 Ont hina gsieece ace ene eee ere 1753 maculabus) 222 2.) 1725 osbeck, Trachinus ------.---------- 1153 oblongus holacanthus.... 1746 Oshbeckiat.2.-<-cscces 1717, 1718, 1719, 2860 olaberssoue ees 1735 oscitans Sciwna-.-.....-.------..-. 1441 polydon inermis triqueter 1723 Sieilitone aw oces salons 1440 quadricormis--.2.2----- 1725 OSCHla VA POS aos esa da= 2-7 aa 309 SEXCOMMUUUS) <= are seen - 1725 ENPOCOBO remem sien ataeis a= 309 subrotundus ventre glabro 749 ATIUS soa eees sects s cate 127 LetraodOn la. a2. s42 eee eee 1740 Chit issocasostctosSeencors 1484 triquiters=a- tess eeeeee a” 1723 Ne@tHWM ar 22s o2.-25-c0-<52-- 127, 2768 OL OL Seer tee ee 1724 Solenaleeessaces Stach syonn 1484 Valery acida nets cement eee 1724 WaChISUrUS ts. cn\tee o 22eSe 127 | Ostracium quadricorne............- 1725 oscnlahiitaabraxcssasens-cs o> 135 Meso prion a-ss=c> = sn-= 5 <6 1253 | Plahycopioe esses eee 326 Microstomus .--..-..-..-- 2655 | Pomotiss sesso eae 1007 (Mallotus) Salmo-...-....-. 521 Salman essen sacs. cere eeae 505 Phaleichthys=.2--.2...--=: = 521 | palmipes, Prionotus--........-.----- 2157 Bhvnnus sees es cose aeths 871 | gE Aires seroma ee tee 2156 PglOSUBUSSsecseeeciosec se: 716 | paloma, ‘Prachinotus=....---.--s2<- 945 Paddle, Cock and Hen...-.....-....-.. 2096 | Palometa.. 940, 941, 942, 943, 965, 966, 967, 2849 Pau theishimeeteee see se ccena keene 101 MCCA ae ee ee ces Soe 2849 PAdGIe ESHES CR ere eaten ae 100 | pilometatee soak essere 2849 petulus, Hemirhombns...---...---- 2672 | Simillim Beceecsowassee eee 2849 pacei, Etheostoma ..--.-.-..-..-.-.- 1092 | palometa, Chorinemus..-......-..--- 899 Pagellus bajonado............------ 1352 | Oligoplites saliens....... 899 Gnlamng ess? eee Anne. 1350 | Palometacsccss ese 2849 Canlinas memes sane eeasee ce 1352 | bOmbUs 4-2 sees ee eee 966 ibnanilisysos oes nese AS 1355 Stomteus!---.5-—2s5-s4-— 967 AMICNOPS= 222 S252 sess s 1355 | Palu Brasiliense congener...------- 966 MELNOE ee ose os ceeen ec 1355 | palustris, Peecilichthys.-.......--- 1102 orbitanins¢-s-------- = shoes (GRU) | ABE) Ee sp ooocapebaecsonceaseeccnc 963 PENNA asec ces ossasecs sisics - 1355 | DELGiWOLrMIS | se- a -= 964 Rap TUS sateen a eo aoe Se 1356 | pammelas, Melanostigma -.--- 2479, 2869 AnPONbGUsrsscsct ent ces ees Tip GERRI AATELLO Sars tre eee eee 941 HAPTER eeniocsseomccet ssc isos ee am pane. tesace ale - toe een ieee 930, 933 NOS ATS isa mies oiaistejene ose 1557 Common ees eee = 944 PAS GUS apTOS sets ees nails ssc =- 1356 Gatt-topsaill= =. 2-2: 22-2 $40 SPavasmeseteee eesti 1357 | Greatisten-cecsse scares 943 SPAM OO ALOl secmeseee ase. cnesicw ce 1837 ROUND Gio seie sien sceaeerore 941 Pa aMO sees case eseeaeetice< = as = 2s. (PAL Sebi sit ahh OER Gass decsasseaneeopesccc 895, 939 MalanG@y Prins] jo. ccia. 2466 | panamense, Pristipoma..-----.-.----- 1331 Palimumchthyss--epesecocse-o<5 a= 963 | panamensis, Achirus -........--.-.- 2702 perciformis.......-- 964 Ailurichthys .-.---..-- 117 RalinnTus) sess secs noes seme 58S 963 Atthennellais------3--- 805 PeLrciwloOrmis)--22--=----2- 964 LWA oeesshcocnaences 2677 pallasi, Octogrammus ---.--..------- 1870 Bodianus: $22. -=-2---=< 1141 Pallasianssnecsenscsccee-t see 1754 Garanxeen see eeer eee 928 Pallasiaies se eens. S=se esse scjsee tial 1753 Citharichthys .--.---.- 2677 pallasieeens 2 a2 a soe a= = <1 1754 |. Engraulis .------------ 448 pallasianus, Cephalus.-....---.----- 1754 Enneacentrus ..-..----- 114; pallasi|Clupea 2-2-2 --=<------- =~ 422 Epinephelus -.....----- 1141 3058 Index. Page. papillosum, Syacium ...-..........- 2671 papillosus, Barbulifer ..---...------ 2261 Pleuronectes +-2- cece 2672 . Ptychostomus ....-..... 189 Paraclinus -f.nct ses sete cscs eeseeee 2374 Chapert ss-ceese sees eee 2374 Paraconodones-e--eeeeoee eee 1314, 1315, 1316 Paradiod on. --eceeeee oe eee eee eee 1744 quadrimaculatus .-.--.- 1746 paradoxa, Garmannia .---..---..... 2232 paradoxus.Gobius»--e-ccseseeee eee 2232 Psychrolutes.-----.-..- 2026 Paradules oO 5-62t ee cose ew eee ation 1013 Paragonus sc s2)- se Sce celse ce eeecsers 2054 acipenserinus .......-.-. 2062 sturloides=------1---ce=-- 2063 Parahemrodons.seseceeee ase eee 156, 157, 158 Paralabrax\osee ese: Soe ee eee 1194 albomaculatus ..-.-.--. 1197 clathratHsss--ece-oeee 1197, 1198 hum erahisass cere 1196, 1197 maculatofasciatus....-- 1196 nebuliferss---.cnee 1195, 1196 iParalepldid Bosc) cee see ee ene 599 Paraleping ts2o25 55052 sons 2-2 ee eae 599 | Parblopiss :4-is=Fscesecssecciassciec = 602 borealis! *:es-5--- sense 601 coregonoides..-..-- coo--- 602 COLUSCANS 2. se sc ee sae 602 intermedius.-------.---<: 600 iParalichthiys seq so-eceeese scence eee 2624 adspersus:------=-.- 2627, 2872 SStWariwis> eae ese 2626, 2872 albiguttus.-.. -...-.: 2631 brasiliensise---e sens o- 2626 CalifOrniCuses--=-s22 2625, 2626 dentatus42-25--2-5- 2629, 2630 lethostigma .-........- 2630 lethostigmus --...-.-- 2630 liolepisss.soa---ceeee 2624 Maculosussecs--es—e 2626 magdalene ..-.-... we 2872 oblonpus)-2ees-= eee 2632 oMmmatus ses s-s02 4402 2635 Ophnyasiee seas asses 2630 Sinalow.2 3-2. =-secase 2872 squamilentus--......- 2631 stigmatias......--.... 2636 woolmani==---- s2ee-ee 2628 iParalipanissa=ssaecee eee eases 2139, 2140 cephalus <---ss---sen=5 2141 COPCME = seen ea meena 2143 dactylosus)5--------==5= 2144 holomelas)-s22cs-ssses5 2140 liparinsts. =e eae eee 2139 MENLO scsee esa e ee ee 2142 Page. | panamensis, Felichthys .--..------- 117 Gymnothorax ...-....- 391 ML SHA eet ae sts seer 436 WOLiCariaaeesee-e eee eee 157 Menticirrhus--...-.-.-- 1473 Min on alee eee eee 391 Odontognathus..-..-.-... 438 Parapsettus.<.-------- 1669 Poellonaienaes sees ce 436 Petrometopon.--..--.- 1141 | Pighbucinae-=-.--t-- = - 332 | IRomadasis--seseaserer 1331 } Pristigaster (Odontog- Nathus)) =s-ss0c- ssa. 438 Rabilaes- sesso e eee 391 NETL UNS eae eee ete 1141 Sideras- 2 sacs ee ee see 391 WE Sannassnsoasboace - 2702 | Stolephorus'2.-—-- +1 448 ‘Tetragonopterus ------ 334 Wimibrin aes seeeeer ea 1473 ‘Panchaxoocne cos eee eee aes 633, 2827, 2830 | pauciradiatus, Cubiceps..---.----.-- 957 pandionis, Glossamia.....--.-----.- 1111 pandora, Clinostomus ..-..-..------ 234 Squaliusseceneecr sees = 234 Ran CCaleee see eta alee est 2196 pannosa, Scorpzna...--..-........- 1845 | pantherina, Murenophis ---..----.- 2805 Oplopomaieereeseeseaee 1876 pantherinus, Anarrhichas ....-..--. 2446 Cestracion ....-.-.----- 21 Ophiodon=--n-sseeee 1876 Pseudariodes ..-...--.- 155 LMR Scccocsssae Beassecescoocc 169 SS OPUS meee lee armor 172 ATIZOND 2 222555-vet-=e 170, 2790 Cla ete settee 172 columbianus)---.------- 172 delphinus!=-s-...-s2s2-- 171 ECVETOSUS — alo a alate 170 guzmaniensis .....----- 171 ALLO Ve yates eteree eee 171 pL OL BN ee eee eee ts 171 platyrhynchus .....---- 170 plebeinssccmccnssceeeeee 171 WITCSCONS = -coeee ce comcicee 171, 172 pantostigmius, Myrichthys........- 2802 Pap ae AO eee ase eee eee emi eee 895 Papacallos eecsacececemceee ere cee 894 papalis;sDron@aee--seeee ame soee 214 Papilio, Melietes= 2-2-4. eee ane 1932 papillifer, Gobiesox ©----.---------- 2330 papilliferus, Chologaster .....------ 704 papillosa, Aramaca-.-.--....-----.- 2672 papillosum, Moxostoma .....--.---- 189 i Pal Ned |S wae oT y=. “ ¥ Index. 3059 | Page. IParaliparin FOSACOUSma= ac ccc c ee <= ~< 2142 (le Chita trae ajeee mar 2144 | parallelus, Centropomus.-..--..--.-- 1122 ParalonchuEus poss: = so sece = cele 1477, 1478 dumeriliz2s. s:.)- =<: 1478 POOUC ee eee eat 1480 PeLerSisa os. 5 3. - 1481 TAORDUMDs 2 s25-- 45> - 1479 Paramacrurus.---.----------------- 2587 PALA ssoasey ra hse ees elaisc 1112 paranasimos, Acipenser .--...--.---- 106 Paranthias- --.----- eee 1221 CYOOLWUS Aa cases Jan ~ oss 1222 EERE GEOR peters ay Selene alate 1221 | Parapomacentrus ....-.---------- 1549, 1550 | era pse ull Se sae sate i= eisai einiaieieiataie 1669 Panamensis.-....---..-. 1669 EEG S soe alee atelier 1485 IPaLaASCOLp 2M aise ass sieiela 2478 Page. | parilis, Ophichthus..-...-.......--. 386 Ophichbhiys=2s2esea.s-5-22-5 386 Oplisurustssceses seoesc ss 386 PAcKeL [Salmo s eo ee ee sae ee oe 508 Dalvelinusicssssceetne Sa-5e 2823 Narceri ATU se ees eee “126 Nelenaspisi2-a--4-sesesee ee 125, 2764 Silurds) sos. sooo cero 126 MTrachisurus .o-ss0s-ssisee= 126 Ranma mobicund ase anses een e 1565 parma, Cichlasomay. 2 4-s0csos46s22 1519 IT Onos 5 .aJeshacsssemaescesee 1519 iaparmufera: DRalay: 2-\0c2seeseeecee cere fia SRR Accelensieece sams 74 parnatus, Setarches -+.-------.---=- 1860 Panophirysj-=-c5=-o522esneeser 2637, 2640 BYTESIS- Soc aes seeciceee 2640 CONOSAS seas cence cece 2639 ab Pardiys aos 2s eee 2641 ISCHYTUS). as.6e=scn-scees 2641 AS OLE DIS eee ateieaeeiats eee 2642 quadrituberculatus -..-- 2648 VObUIUS!= 22 e- octececiee aoe 2640 parovanus, Cyprinodon .....--...-- 666 Myloleucus ..-....----- 246 Upeneus' 22-2-2--<2--55- 859 Parca, Miabasis= =<. neaeteee ces 1299 Hm alone aces e asics 1297 PAI AU NUL rete te areata ate raretelonere sto 411 BTA pee seats eee eet 1586 Chestodons =). 2.s-ese ances 1685 Cleptieus)== a2 isso cena oe 1586 OG G2 GOS a) eater ae 740 amin Onn ese ene 1297, 1309 aT rASeLEedn Sees aee eee sees ae 1203 parrianus, Monacanthus...-..------- 1713 IP SErOt te sO se ee eee ene 1636, 1652 Dark-green ..------.--- 1638 Greeneees ae ease = = 1657 Parrot Wishes asa. pola eel“) 1620, 1642 IPs ie oe ee ieee eee ear 1639 IROBG-DA Chios sea = seers 1635 parryi, Rhamdella--.-.-.----------- » 153 HAM Tae eeesee psec leee 153 partitus, Eupomacentrus ---.-.----- 1558 Pomacentrus .---.--.----- 1558 IParilese ns sop eee meee eerie mai lala 1680 paru, Chetodon ---.-------------- 1680, 1681 IRomacantiusyecs=-e= see e= == 1680 Rhompuss.-2-s5-2-5-----s= =< 965, 2849 Stromateuses---= += ssa =aeat 966 Parupeneus -.-..----------------<-- 858 parva, Lucania---..--.------------- 665 parviceps, Lycodapus -------------- 2493 parvipinne, Etheostoma..-..------- 1096 parvipinnis, Archosion......-..---- 1399 3060 Index. Page. pectoralis; Dalliay. 52 --eesssen- 2 621 Harpe@i-2osccs= sess soe oee 1582 Macrurus (Malacocepha- IWS) sassecck nae cesses oe 2574 Nematistius -.-.-.<.---- 895 Nematonus\=-ss-sesesees 2518 Pedalion s.se5- ccs sanecceueceseeee 1753 pedaliota, Bonapartia -.-...--.----.-- 580 pedaliotus, Zaphotias -..........--- 2826 Pediculate Fishes. -..--.--- See iase, 2712 Pediculatit< >» scjcecesssect asec 2712 | pedimacula, Centropomus..-........ 1119 Pepapos. caster coe ase Sata 2269 Pegadonsascsccsn ac ses sees 2269 Reve Ojai ascance se sce e ee eee aes 2699 Pegedictisyss: ces. -0s-esees 1941, 1942, 1944 ictalops=.seseeeeecee eee 1951 (PReixerapuilhaeecees-eereesceeaeeaee 711 Peixe-fond ain5-scena- aeons 1312 Reixeeheyn-aeceaeee setae amee sear 806 pelada; Anchoa <5. 2222.52s-0-c006s 436 pelagicum, Siphostoma..--......-.-. 767 pelagicus, Callionymus .....-......- 2184 Scomber s---eres esse 952 Syngnathus............. 770 pelamides, Scomber .--............. 869 | pelamis, Gymnosarda ........--.--- 868 Scomber 12 24sccc sceceeeee 869 pelamitus, Scomber ..-...--.--.---. 872 iPelamy Sse eee ee eae eee eee 871 Chilensisy-nsseee se eeeeee aa 873 lineolataissaaser sac jes snes 73 orientalis. 22) = ct eee 873 Sarddiecee-csoase eae eer eee 872 pelamys, Euthynnus .........-..-.. 869 OxGynUs eee eee eae 869 Scombersa-e-e secs seeeeae 872 SS Ry Se epee ee eee 869 pelegrinus, Squalus ..-........-.-.- 51 Rélérin se sass soe oe ee ace ae eise 51 Rellon dices aameasenieie= ere eee 435 bleekerianay.-s--5==5--ueeae 436 castelnzana...-...-.------- 436 Hava pM NS eae eee 436 forthe eee 436 OLDISNYaANAl = -— eae eee 436 PanaMeNnsise see sess 436 pellucida, Ammocrypta.---.---- eia.2(e 1062 clara ...-.. 1063 VIVaX: =-- <= 1063 Salmoperca ---.--5-=54-2° 784 hyTisy- o-sccosss-— sees 2691 pellucidum, Etheostoma clarum. --. 1063 Ophidium)=.--=-------5 354 pellucidus, Delothyris . .-.---.----- 2691 OsphyOlaxd sesaceeeeeeas 775 Page. parvipinnis, Cestreus .--..- Seereriss 1410 Cynoscion..---....-..- 1410 DICT OUUS te oe a aileclee oes 883 Hund ulus esse eeeecee 640, 2827 TSOPIStHUS sas 1399 Promethichthys -.-..--- 883 | patvils, Cin pete-cese r= aasa eet 426 pacvus; Cotuopsish---erees-sa- eee 1945 DaAsSaniy, AWS eee anes senaeeseeie 124 Baerus mec- o-s-cnceeee se 124 Sciadeichthys ---.-..--.. 124, 2760 | Tachysurus...--...--.---- 124 passer, Holacanthus.-.-.-.....---..- 1682 IPomacanthushessessese ee 1683 PAStIN a Case eetee sea a eee eee 82 IPashOlees sees ee eee ees =a e eee 949 Je Re oeodaposnsoeoldaeeac= anes 1378 pataos Gerresiss-5- 4s 1378 patatus, Julis 2<-2------------------ 1591 patris, Acanthocottus ---.- .....--- 2009 patronus, Brevoortia tyrannus .-... 434 patruelis, Gambusia.-..-:.--..----- 682 | Heterangdriateees ose 681 paucidens, Leurynnis --.---.--....- 2460 | Lycodopsis ------ sees 2460 Oncorhynchusieee- == 483 Sal NOS ase aea ee eae 483 pauciporis, Ophichthys -.-.---.----- 386 pauciradiatus, Callionymus .----.--- 2168 paucispinis, Ancylodon ...--.-.--..-- 1399 Sebastes -....-..--...- 1781 Sebastodes: = 2--ceecc-4 1780 pavonaceus, Heros ...--....2..-...- 1538 PAVOMIA UMA ees e en sae) 692 | Boscilia) 223-2 5ss55-s522--= 692 pavoninus, Cyclopterus .-----...-.. 2097 | Paw ohn jsssceseceeces seeese cece 1159 paxilloides, Lycodes.-.---.-.-.-...---.- 2471 paxillus, Lycenchelys.....--....... 2471 ny codes secee no sceee aes 2471 Peacock Hlounder= 2-5 -2)-- 4-25 ~ = 2665 iPea-lipySucKkens--4--5-c-oseeeeer aac 199 (Reames heen eeeee eee 2495 Rearlehshes eases eee see eeeeae 2494 Péche-peche cosas -ns se eesseseced 338 Péche-Prétre. 22-22 -0:s2tseececce 1784 peckianus, Syngnathus .---.-...---- Ain peckii, Syngnathus -.---..-...-.... 770 pectinatus, Centropomus..--....-..- 1122 Prishis)s-=sc sess ose 60, 61, 2749 pectinifer;|Clinus|=---o-ee- eee os 2362 Wabrosomus)s-- == 5s 2362 pectoralis, Albatrossia .-.-...-.--.- 2573 Bodianus) ass o52 se asa 1582 Cossyphtusee--o-eeeeeee 1582 Dactyloscopus .-.-.-..---- 2301 | ink. [ndex. Page. | pellucidus, Pleurolepis-..-..---.....-. 1063 IEsenesteesoee emer me actor 950 Pelodichtihysrseeeeaae ses eae == 142 OLLVATIS Here re meee 143 Pelon, Guaguanche .............---. 824 Pe loniaeeee ee ensarcee sees se .225 2: 2660 Peltia,: Chel seceee emia ate'= le vice =" ~ 1671 peltastes, Lepomis -.-........-..-.. 1003 peltata, Percina ---.-............... 1034 peltatum, Etheostoma-.........----- 1034 peltatus, Hadropterus...-.-..--.---.- 1034 Turdus cinereus.--.------- 373 pemecus, Bagrus..--...-..--------- 125 Pampered doses aa ease elaleltel == > 976 Rene Rise mates selec erewisiele clel=lnieierel= 977 MOXICAMMSses esse ac ecce 978 VIM Greate aera el aa= = 978 DOGYilee saree a ialel=ialeinile 979 | schomburgki.--..-.------ 978 peninsule, Bascanichthys ---.----- 379 Callechelys=----2----.-- 379 Chirostoma-.-.---..----- 797 Miomidiapes trae erccc cme 797 penna, Calamus .-...-.....---.---. 1354, 1355 (celts ieten seen 1355 pennanti, Argentina .-..-.---.------ 577 Maurolicus ....-..- Pass 577 SEM To ces cogagosessners 49 pennatula, Calamus...-..-.-----.--- 1351 Reno DU Sweee eee eeeee ees eet 2520 Ma COOMA Giese re emeec sete 2521 pensacole, Harengula.-..--.---..--- 431 penshinensis, Salmo -------------- 508, 2819 pentacanthus, Bodianus.-..-..------ 849 Centrarchus ..-.-...- 990 Holocentrus -:..--..- 849 | Labrus ...--. eeecs 1576 | Xenochirus.--.--.----. 2081 ental emi Sa en sees ea atoe ale i == 828 quinquarius ..-....... 828 pepinus, Lucioperca -.---..--..------ 1022 IPS pears eae eae ene eee = 965 perarcuatus, Pleuronectes. --..-.--.- 2643 ene nge eee renee mae sis alee 1023 UDG TREES eee eter teeta fertile (=i 1136 NG UL U ee eerie etetetelae aerate raiat= 1024 ALpaeee teem eee cccee == 1833 Al HIS eee eee eee ae 1475 AMG CANA een sees eee eae = 1024, 1135 MOTs cseeecasscneasecSesens 1259 aS CONSIOMIS ease alse) sia 849 | AULALI AES eae ee see aes cise = 1200 GNAYKO OS caseosdsdce sesceosae 1132 ChEySOpierar eercer emer a 1339 dorso monapterygia .....---- 1833 HER @SCGTE ea seega. sonsepaa500 1023 3061 | Page. | Percar flaw atilisesoe.eeo. cee ese 2841 flavescens......... 1024 fOrmosae sso Seekeses ews. cas 1208 HOC Apso iene naoaoe aoe 1200 firerweas ss eee eee 1460 gibbosateeese pce cseeee 1009, 1296 BIPAS tease eee eee 1154 gracilis ti 2..-\ cctleaeceeee 1024 eranulata. J. -)....5-ce- eee 1024, 2841 guttatay ti sce eee 1142, 1164 TmmMaculatate-=-seeeeeeeeseee 1135 Juba = eee oes 1823 lanceolata; =< -tenaseseceeeece 1482 lophar:-5.).ks seceiecie ccecee eee 947 loubinas<:- eevee eee eee 1119 maculatamwescecesoser seers 1153 Marina oss ses ae eercoeeee eee 1761 cauda nigra....-..-.. 1303 gibbosa--scce-— eee 1295 DINNISieseee es eee 1259 puncticulata......... 1146 sectatrix: -22-2-..-22- 1388 Venenosa --==---=--=- 1172 MelanUTUM Ss eenisa Seer ee 1303 Minima,-=s2 2. 2s.cs ese secs -- 3 1057 mitchillie oc Pee eases eee ce 1133 altermata'=- = -5-2--=- 1133 interrupta -.....-.. 1133 MUCLONALAL cesses eee se 1135 BUC C Teo estate a= etait eae 963 (Pomacampsis) nigropunctata 1021 ER DOS ee teeter 1324 NOP WOO 1C Mean ale etetnleralaicte satel 1761 MO Usa see ise letter 1024 Oceliatat= = season ese eee ae 1454 philadelphica-........-------- 1202 punctata .-.....--..-- 1145, 1146, 1483 ATM SS oaccogssnSsucar 1107 TODUS baeee eee alae et 1154 TOCck=fisht-es se aee cc see als 1133 Vitae ee nee ee eee eee 849 Salmonedecceceteaceceoee=aee 1021 Saliba pees eee eee eee aie 947, 1388 SEK el Nee eter eer 1133 Sectatrix. sac c see aceleoe nee 1388 septentrionalis -...-...------ 1133 serratogranulata .-.-.--.----- 1024 StelliOmeerresasese cease 1153 Btridtascere set eo ee eee caer ee 1311 tots mMaculisme=secesoese see 1153 tritureais os ee-e se - =) = sec 1202 WMG AGS) wee we cls ereee 1462 WHICOLOLs- ee eee eee eee 1192 TCRTU RTOS Oh Ce ee teeta 1360 Vala ccs acetic case cemenatineicee 1200 VAT ALIS eee eee eee 1784, 1796 3062 Index. Page Perca vitrea_......----+--...------- 1021 percellens, Ria] ae m=eiaaa= enon = ere 63 RG INODAUUS eect ~ n= ares 63 Perces0COS peccacaecale omenccicseeere 781, 787 Perch: American. 22.2 os-sesecee ere 1023 Black. s3 ossinsns-e aces ceeeees 1504 IBLWe Fae eases eee Aaa ae ae 1505, 1577 (PIK6 22 tac soe cesteesseeee os 1021 Pivate ssnersas sete eee = 785, 786 A EKE OI Woaseseecoanccces aa. 1023 RIM CCC tee reas eee 1023 RIVE Sse secs ae os see eee sae 1023 Sacrament0ce sn a-eer eames 991 ARrOuib ase seen eee ere 782, 784 Vilvaparous)=s----\--—--ssaee 1498 White ....- 1133, 1134, 1484, 1501, 1509 Vellowesssszecsaas2 so eres ter 1023 Perch-like fishes .---.. Depron aeoeenie 979 | Perches 2-s2-5..262 Sa Saree wearers 1015 Perches, American Pike .---...---- 1020 | OD Sere eee eee eee 1024 Rercide eee eeas se ceecee esa cece a 1015 | Percidinke sca. eee erie eee eens ee 2032 | perciformis, Coryphena .-.---..---- 964 LATUS eo eeese eel 964 | Palinurichthys .---.--- 964 Palingreseesse sesso 964 iPammiclas¥ene=-a- se 964 Percinansssce oles eee eee 4024, 1026 PRP ONOHS oserecccds=sacode sso 1033 bimaculata, = -a2s206--55- 1027 CapLrodessesa=-—-— 2 asaeeeee 1026 TANGO Uyas=ce eae 1028 | FOVI Ai sees 1027 PUGH tNEMe se eee eee 1034 macrocephalus ...--.:.--.- _ 1031 nebpulosa 22s: 22s2--seee nse 1027 peltatayce Sas-acsccce oss 1034 phoxocephala.-.-...-.-....- 1031 ST et etetateete fee le niet (etalon 1025 TOANOK A ss45 52S oe eccessees 1036 IPOLeinwe eee eee aoe eee oe 1018 | IP6PCises jhe sasees sceiseeaice ee cece 2033 japonicusieeess=ces see aee eee 2034 percobromus, Alburnellus...----.--. 295 Minnilug:s-eccneaccee 295 Rercoid @atee see a eae eee 979, 1241 Percoideiecsocss sec cccmsseecs-esee 781 percoides, Agonostomus.-...------- 819 Percoids, sparitorm:- ses esses 2 see 1241 IRercopsid:e)-- sees eee eee 783 Rercopsisesr ease esas eee eee 783 SubtAMIS! =~ = ssp 784 hamMmondilssn asses eee 784 perezi, Carcharhinus ........-.----- 36 Platypodone=-4-—- s4s-eee=0 36 Page. perfasciatus, Engraulis --..-....-.- 442 Stolephorus -.--....-- 441, 445 Perichthys godeffroyi.-.....-..--.- 1197 periscopus;Gaduss-=-2---=- >. eee 2536 PeLSli; SalmoOsc-- Leese eee eee 509 IPOTISSIaS 2-2 seo eseg ee ses eee 2667 eNO PLeTUS cass se eee eee 2667 Penistediida nese eee 2177 Peristedion ss. sise ess seeseeenee ee 2178 pracy. sp eena eee oe 2179 imberbe.-ts-censccee sees 2182 longispathum..-.-..... 2178 micronemus. --.---.---. 2182 TMIMNIAOME sees aeeee 2178 platycephalum ........-. 2180 Peristethus)=2<-22-a2ece-eeeeceecees 2178 MUCTONeMA S2se 25 eee 2182 peristethus, Podothecus.........-... 2062 Perkinsiat 72. 2.0 ee eee ceee mene 420 OthOnOpS s-sse-e ese eeaee 42 perlatum, Holocentrum...-...-.--.- 853 perlongus, Neoconger -.--.-.--..--- 363 Rermitisssa2 oa: ie Ssdesaceemeees 943 permiger Culitigsss--ce=-sa-eceeeee 2201 ICO tr IStae ose ce eee 2201 peroniy Caranseresecsss-mereese sae 923 pexronii, Wepidopusijcesse-e eee sae 887 IE GhOPUS {eases eae een eee eee 2018 pilobusS=seeseecheeree ass 2018 jeperplexus, COubUus sae eae ser eens 1955 POIViCO: tase eee see ne etieecerisceies 1659 perrico, Pseudoscarus ....-..----.-- 1659 DECALUGY os mcs nee eys ate nioe= 1659 Perro’ Colorad@-2=-2s- tessa eee 1583 IPOLTO) Sees e eee ceo ease 1579 perrotteti, Pristis)....-25----------- 60, 2749 personatus, Ammodytes. -...--..---- 833 perspicabilis, Embiotoca..-...-..---. 1506 perspicillum, Lycodes ..-..-.-.----- 2465 perspicuus, Hybognathus .-..-.-.--- 218 perthecatus, Stolephorus--..-.--.--. 442 peruanus, Amblyopus..--.-.--.----. 2265 VANItHTAS eee eee eerieere 1223 Gobioides| {5-22-24 s-e= 2264 Hemianthias <--->... 1222 Promotogrammus .-..--- 1223 peruvianus, Galeichthys -..----.--- 122, 2771 G@Lr6S:-<=-- ces = sce 1376 | Pachyeurus|. so22 cee 122 IPescanblancae= eae s- eee eee 321 Vermiplias3. 2-5-4--e eee 1811 Pescadillo del Red: . -.2--- 2 cease 1416 Pescadillosideli Reyna. 2s. ee eee 807 Peseadito <2 =... 225-2 sciasee eee eee 233 Pescado Avnls2 4 hs ascc-e dace aeeee 1553 Azul de dos Colores --..---- 1557 | . ; [ndex. Page. Pescado Blanco de Chapala ...-..-- 792 Wolorad once] accesso s = 1453 del (Reyacss-ee- 22--=---- 806 IPesead One eeeeeee ice caieaee ees 2722 Moartinys setess.c cece cs=-55 2724 PescadosvAzMlesi cscs an Gans cs <= 5-2 1549 iBlanCOsts.e. = 2 soeeces oe os. 792 - SPOSCOAR Gla cra 'stecicc se oae Sec Salen scies = 806 GN dO sess sae wcieciste es 6 48 petenense, Dorosoma. --.-._--..------ 417 petenensis, Chatoessus ----.---.---- 417 Moliienisiaes s2..2—2---- 700 Pimelodusv=e. cess: 153 IPecilianeeeeescemcs~: 694 hamaiajaes- 42). Sone es 153 Tetragonopterus ..-.--..-. 335 IReteniiay sonics seen sean coins cia 1513 Splendida) a-eesa2 ses. = 22 2 1513 petersi, Paralonchurus -..-......-.--. 1481 Pebimba pHstularign, 5-2" s--s- -= = 758 Retimbnuabaeres + seca se sen. sess 757 Retites Gueule==— “pees ee ece es secs 1370 Jagquettecc..-s2-ss-ocvecue ss 1559 IN GPO erste? Se ap imelncrese 1142 ISCIG= peeece eee kee Se aan eee = 1323 IPBTOR Sees sass Sicioees Soebtece meee <5 876 Petrometopon!seacsa2++see-5 2525 == 2 1140 APIALIUS sees oer 1142 cruentatus ..-.-...--- 1141 coronatus - 1142 guttatus .--........- 1142 panamensis ....-..--. 1141 Petromyzon ------ eee ee aan 9 americanus .....--..--- 10 | appendix -a--c-2-c-=- 10 argenteus---------....- 11 SS LDL asec uso 12 DV TOS etrata lester erate alate oat =/ 13 Dandie ea seeckiat Sas. 9 bdellinmy= 4:22. =2.-'s 11 } Onesie ss- sece= o= a =- 13 ibranchialis...-...-.--< 14, 2745 camtschaticus--...---- 2745 castaneus -...-.-..--.-- 11 ciliatuses- sates 35222 12 COnCOLOR SE See S20 ae sexe 11 | lamottenios: 352-2552. =. 10 | MiwidSic see ser een wae 12 | MarinUSiasesee cess SH: 10 chamts chati- CUSmesse se ae 2745 dorsatus ----<- 10 mMicolor S.2- 10 MVPAT CHAS sera sere a 10 MOMs s eee selon: = 14 plumPens:-.s-.25--2-2- 13 | | | | | 3063 Page. Petromyzon tridentatus............ 12 Petromy7zonid ere seese eee es. 8 Petronasonte sees coupe cosnice cc se 1642 petropauli, Blenniophidium......-. 2430 pPetrosus eMin gees se eersee eee eee 284, 814 PrIsOLropIS nee eee 1172 petus, Acanthocybium ...-.-....... 877 @y.biomy see secs seen ee 877 Pez Oies0 2 Foe 5225 ee seas nee eee 2501 iPez\de) Mspadas-.s-0s ese cee ene ee 2749 Gallows eae ee eee 895 Plumas -sessucccesese: 1347, 1349, 1350 del Reyscssecte see se cee ence 799, 808 Tn aah 2 3-22 ses seat ae ase eee 1753 Puerco st oasis Sos ee eee 1700, 1704 ICE TA eit Cates Giese Se 60 pleifieriy Mursenae sess. cases 2805 DIGEra jes ae see ase eneseee 2805 | phaenna, Ey POPSissssiaacs cee sec 270 IPhenod Ons Secs esc ceeoscorane 586 PINGONS ios 5zsceecee see es 586 | phaeton, Pristigaster............... 438 phalzen ay Um PrN - as ole se eit oe 1475 pel aldm cistesy- sess sas sceeeccae 2064, 2864 acipenserinus .--..- .. 2062 fusiformis)s-5--'--2=-- 2048 JapOMicusa--eeees sea 2036 Le VIG Abus) - asso 2048 lericatasrs-s—-ee esses 2046 (pphaleratus, HS0x =o. ose ce ema 628 Ah SterOd ON tem eae acne ese 1506 Biipes 3222. see eee 1507 farecates\s= eee eeeaee 1506 lateralisie os qereences see 1506 Pharyngognathi..............--..- 781, 1571 | phasganorus, Notacanthus- .-.--..- 616 phasma, Careproctus-..----.--..--- 2132 HON aACODIUS eee e rata sects samen = 302 catostomus ...-.-..--. 304 MO AO TLIS eee eat ser 303 SCOPUeho sess oe ose 303 Scopitenuspec= see == 303 teretulussH= 2. --e- = 303 liosternus ~-- 303 ULANO PSeee eee 304 phenacobius, Notropis --.--.-------. 263 phenax, Apomotis.---...-..---.-.-.- 997 We POWU Stee meester tea al 997 Mycteroperea falcata . ~~. -- 1185 vhiladelphica, Perca ..-...-----.--- 1202 philadelphicus, Centropistes -.-.-.- 1201 Serranus..-.-..-..- 1202 GPE jpg tin OR Se eee erent tea reyaleret 2359 philonips, Cottus --.--...----.--..- 1960 JOIMNEOPON® secocdesmocadunosdaceesor 1693 DEEN ys, TLS eto ale ate teat 2194 3064 Index. Page. Philypnus dormitator ....-.-....--- 2195 Gormiborseess-- es see 2194 lateralis a-soeceeee Si 2195 phlebotomus, Acanthurus .....-...- 1692 phlegethontis, Clinostomus .--..... 243 Gilawsssggececeeeeis 243 Weuciscus:-s---.4-5- 243 IPhoxinus!-eseeee eae 243 phlox, Boleosoma. -.-.-.-..........- 1052 Wilocentras ss 22324-scseceee es 1052 IPhOb etn en -eeeae eae eee Cees 2006 triCUSPISizss5escsnsss eee 2009 IPHGDeR Asse en esos aeee =e eee 1211 pheebe, Centropristis...........-..- 1212 Prionodes! 5. 2ss.s42- sae se 1211 SCLLAMUS seesaeeee eae ae eee 1212 iPholidapasssa-see see nese seeneeee 2430 dy POWs eesesem acres 2430 SrepnitSkenecaeee ee 2431 Pholidichthyinw)=222222-=2--...---- 2347 PHOMGIGRtMYS mes —e ses ses ee 2405 anguilliformis ......- 2405 ID Webbie s) osmge SooonseessasoAeose6S 2348 Pholiste-seeso- 0 sees 2377, 2414, 2415, 2417 Carolus hee ss see eee 2379 dolicogaster -.=-—--.---==.-2.. 2416 PASCIACUS Hae eee alee 2417 Punne WSs == eee ae 2419 novemlineatus...--.-2--.---. 2393 OTHAUUS ean eee sean ee aa 2419 [DICH oscecaasecocbensecsee 2415, 2416 quadrifasciatus.-.......-.. 2392, 2394 TuUberrimus: 25-25-22 esses = 2417 subbifurcata----:-.--5.-.--.- 2440 taezanowskil -:----------sec. 2416 JENS NS eas j cane oseed snes aacesss 254 ATOMS ee mee eet 290 Cerylouse-—---=seessees 277 Callisbiise-=22--essseee- 276 engraulinus.......---.- 296 eurystomus..--~..-.---- 277 grandipinnis-.......-.- 280 LOU CIOdUS hese eee see e ee 291 leucOps\esa=s eee ee ers 296 leucopusyas-s-2c soe aee 277 NEVOUS 2s 4) es aGe eee 278 pyrrhomelas=-----scs=- 281 Scabricepsieee]2 = s=---— 290 Spilloptecus)-.ea-ss--co- 279 stigmaturus ........... 275 teléscopus 22-2. #:-5--- 292 photogenis, Leuciscus..--.....-..-- 296 Wotropissseas-2e-ese ce 295, 926 Sqallittis sees ose ee 296 Photonectes ene see eee eee eee 591 gracilis sses-~cesc maces 591 Page. Photonectines -- sesecns eee see 587 Phoxinus7 see esse eer ee 228, 230, 240 cleyelandiv-2-ae- ses. ene" 237 HaMMeus) sae ese =o 7 242 margaritus .-....----.--- 241 milnerianusssos22 mcs ee 242 NOS 2USe eee cee ae 241 OV CUEL oe etetersrstestatetstieiatet= 242 phiegethontis...-.------- 243 phoxocephala, Percina -...--.-...-- 1031 phoxocephalum, Etheostoma.--...-- 1031 phoxocephalus, Alvordius.......... 1031 Cestreus’s-- 5-22 —- 1414 Cynoscione=-=---=— 1413 Hadropterus .-....-.- 1030 phrygiatis; Arius )sese.-eeemeee ee a= 131 Hexanematichthys ..--. 130 Tachisurus rugispinis - 131 Phrynotitans =... =< sees ee esee 2853 Phtheirichthys¥t= see oe oe see 2268 lineaitusseeasseescee 2268 Plivcinw sco tayo eee 2532 IMIG coadoessssborses socgsoosusonS 2552 AMELICANUS |= —ctemiselsa see 2555 Ghesterivsseseeeeaaeeeeeee 2556 CHUSB Eas eae eemce seen 2555 CiPrahos seo sane eee 2554 dekayis: usc ce aestencer 2555 Carlsen e ree esratetatete eters ae 2555 Aoridanusee ences eee 2554 MaroimMatus se seeeeeaee esses 2555 DUNCha Gs tea P eee eee 2553 Te PAS eee eee 2553 TO GUUS) so-so see ees seme eeee 2553 EOS PE ATU S a= = erate err teaetetere 2555 TONUHS Seeee act eeeerere tenes 2555 Phy Siew lS senses =e eee eee 2547 fulwills st seccee te ee ees 2547 JAPONICUS sees aaa aes 2549 Kkatpisscmeweee esos 2547 nematopusi.----- cssece= 2548 rastrelliger=-e==-)--=eee= 2549 physignathus, Ceratichthys.-....... 326 Conesiuss-2------.5- 326 Platygobio.-----.... 324 IPDYSOPASUCR eee a alee 1727 P52 URC are eee all tal ietee 332 panamensis.-.....--...-- 332 Picarels/sa- soso eee eee eee 1364 picarti, Hemirhamphus -----....-.-- 720 [PIC CONOH eee ee meee entree 194 piceus, Balistes- ---------.-2--.---.- 1711 Melichthiys)ss----=+=<----=2— 1711 pichardi, Joturus:-2--- -<-----=-=ec= 821 Piekerell sees. sete sae e ae eee eee 628 Banded ==. o-ccesn ee eeee cee 626 fee! rie 3030 115 Index. Page. Pickerel Common Eastern..-----.--- 627 ithb lore mese cesses 22 site 627 | TB arn 3 oso podocenesoSesoo0 1022 PgCGLeU Seer eee eee rain a i= 625 Dicia. Nv ooTson deseo eee = ear emana= = - 2805 pictipinnis, Chelidonichthys ------- 2175 USO rete tae eiateta for -=/=i= 2176 picturata, Almtera,—---------0------ 1719 Gambasiaeeess-secs.s--\- 683 DEL Okiteemceer eee atone ae 910 picturatum, Siphostoma..-.....---.- 768 picturatus, Caranx.--...----------- 910 Gymnothorax .----.---- 395 Syngnathus......-..--. 768 RAC Wes ists = asa == 909 pictus, Centronotus .--.------------- 2416 neva eae 2726 Chironectes....---.---..---- 2717 (CNIS 525525 ssscsnesscdasnee 1873 NCO GIS sess seater i= 2201 (Cay eliseere alee eee eee 2477 Gymnothorax ..--------.-.. 2805 IDG We ccesoopeconeoseseeee 1599 SUNS es iee tame see er- = 1600 WyCOd OF uses eee n eer 2805 Oxo lob iu stseet aes eee 1878 Pholisé oe. .sc2 cases = = 2415, 2416 Platyglossustecas 26 aca 1600 MOTLPeClG,. <== scenes ccemeses 78 Wmocentrusessseceesse eee 2416 IPIGN Uae k soe aoe tees eect eeees 823 picuda, Sphyrzena---.----....---..- 823 TTL yee eee te mia ia lm iays are ee 824 picudilla, Sphyrena--..--...--..--. 824 pidiense, Moxostoma...--..-.-..--.- 191 pidiensis, Ptychostomus ..-..----. 191 | piger, Symphurus...-2.2---c--2---- 2705 DRE oe Seer a mem ca vias 1338 PTR HS) GWSiepcc ce Sosa aesenee soeeeeaas 1334 pigmentarius, Apogon ..-----.------ 1109 | Monoprion .-..--.--- 1109 Piomy Sunfishes-----<.—--------.- 981 pigra, Aphoristia .-----...-...-...-. 2706 IOUS ee eee eee eee 243 eee wl Ge einai fetal tara alate) tte ata 1021 (Camo - 5555 scneososossasos 628 Garstescoss-cssessee: 109 CC TCE ie etete eee etal tala eal 1022 (mea be ceceee atric tw acaa2 i 629 INOVhREMM so 2 2c =-|= 5 /-1-)="= 630 Gone @ Tee eee seer e eases 627 SACEAMIED Ops = semen soo cos = 224, 2796 Sail sees sistem staicincicieiess 1022 IWialiteyedee= -peeeeerrise= 5-1 1021 ETO Wee mato ila erecta 1021 Pike ikevRWanesie~ = scene alo a= ic 622 Page. Pikeyborchesesssceeteossaace asec 1021 ikGayseere ce ceree seca sete ce ciao 1135 IDIKeGSteeeeeee eee senses en aeae ee aie 624 Gea es wees as aeiee Sis Selsjsis!-t 108 pilatus, Prionotus’.-o-.-----2-5---— 2156 Pileomawes 2p se saseer css eer nese eS 1024 bimaculatase-o-scease sees 1027 Carbon aril ssasse=Ce= eae i= 1027 cymatogramma -..-.------ 1053 NebnIONA. ose eee eee 1027 semitasciatum .-..-..----- 1027 ZO DUAR ates oa nase cee eee 1028 pilicornis, Blennius..---.-.--.----- 2380 Pilodictis Jimosus-..----s-ese=- ee 142 Olivanisi--a- ae eeee esos 143 DUOSASOlCa seers asee ee eee rere aa 2699 pilosus, Diodon -..-.-....-.-..---. 1744, 1752 Rrichodiadone-sssscee—= 1743, 1744 IPMOtuBIaeKk science cence see ee eine 1555 Cockeyerssee-eees =e saeeet a= 1555, 1561 PMO tts Resear ee essai eee 465 Palop-tisheseeeeeeenesce ere =iee eee 900 PilopasharksSiesesces ssseceese—a—ei= 902 Pimelepterus.----.-------.--------.- 1384 analogus ...-.-.------ 1386 bOSCisecesoececessaeel= 1388 DOSQMUIS seme cael 1388 cornubiensis ---.---.- 964 elegams .-:--......... 1387 flavolineatus .......-.- 1386 INCIBOL c= see eee 1386 lutescens teaser neces 1389 oblongior ..-.-------- 1388 OCYUEUS sensor eereeaee 1390 Pimelodellaice--— set = = oe 153 Chagresieseceseans sen 154 modestarceces esses 154 IsPimelodinw ee-]-- eee oes ee eee 116 | Pimelodus-.-.---.------------------ 116, 154 PHnOUSsaer ome et ee eee seer 143 SINR ae eeeoee a aie 134 MILES eee eetee te rioieieialeei= 140 albidmsesa. eee eet ear 132, 138 antoniensis ...-------.-- 140 argenteus ...--..-------- 125 argentinus .-.---.------- 135 aTgyIrus .---------------- 135 StLaniasaasseee sae eae 140 baronis-mulleri ---..-..- 151 Dlochiltess- te -e eee se 155 DOLredlisese-e ee eee ee 137 brachypterus ..--.-.----- 152 GeNOSUS:=-2=-- «2-5-2 === 140 cerulescens....-.------- 135 Catulusyosss-as ses seer 141 GAbUS) seeee aleleete= =irielnlmiwins= 140 3066 Index. Page. Pimelodus candafureatus ~...------ 135 CHART OS eran 2 seis oe 154 ClaviaS hs ssi = ose sae 155 COMIN Sis 1a ye 141 cupreoides|-25=-2-=-5-==- 140 CUP OWS vee wee 140 Goh alneecoososseesossse 140 erythroptera.---.---.--- 135 felinUS sees eee ees 140 felisncses.. oseee oa eeeee 141 AULCAbUS Pe seemee ese ee 134, furcifer <2 . easements oleae = See 875 Pintano'. -seceessseseaseneeeess sees 1561 PAN GANS i wsterw seis Selene elles sata 1560 pnlba. Morena son eneeneaee eee 397 Pint bi, Mure ae eee see see eae 397 SD Oeste ee tee eet ee eee 758 iPipetish, Commonea-.-se-se-e=--ee 770 Great jaca se ne eee eee 764 Ocean ee a meseo se eee 774 IPIPCHSHCSs= = -acerec == sees eae Eee 760 PD ORe ese ee eae eee ee eee eee eee 723 piptolepis, Notropis.-----...-..-.-. 266 DPN O (UO see mein see amine see iee = eee eee 1687 SFG (UG Spe ere elel ei ela tete 443 piquitinga, Engraulis ....-....----- 443 Pig uOu AMA eee saree =e eeae 113 piraaca, Monacanthus.........----- 1715 Index. 3067 ge. Pirabebé ..... eee Seeeeesee nae 2183 FASO 0 eee ete ee lacie eel inlele cielo 830 Piramutana blochii -.............-. 155 MACLOSPUA oe <5 a2 4j=1- 155 pirapeda, Dactylopterus.-........-- 2183 Pira-pixanga or Gat-visch.........- 1153 Rimabepoere nes cerees-ecij == sio-s = 's = 785, 786 Deira tsa Leticia e-)yeleee ia eieta re terses == 2/= 1174 PUELbita, Cabrillo esses -n-nic- a2 1 1181 pisavarius, Ophichthys ..-.-...-.--- 377 piscatorius, Lophius ...-.........--. 2713 piscatrix, Pseudorhamdia.-...-...-. 155 IBISCOSM ene e eee risen eeice ee cea 14, 1241 pisces, Unicornu bahamensis -.--.. 1719 pisciculus, Hsox---------------.---. 641 SIS CIS sue ee ee stele et nei heiere islets 1754 Piscis viridis bahamensis --.------- 1638 pisculentus, Esox ..-.........--.--- 641 Haman NS eee ans 641 pisonis, Eleotris.------------.--.. 2201, 2200 Gopluaseaceceeescemarscciesi= 6 2201 IPISGOC ONO pHIs (ater scemace en 375, 377 CRUSNULCL 2 ------------ 2710 Plagopberitivayer sccss sect cais-\-> iis - 204 Pla rOpLerudsemerc= se sesincmieaae esa 329 Page. Plagopterus argentissimus.......-- 329 Plapusignmse = pis seeecee cee cce 2704, 2709 brasiliensis\=-)- 2522. os5e 2709 fasclatatesacesesscs sacs 2710 plagiuss es eee seer eee oss 2710 tessellata)- co. 225---.~- 2709 plagusia, Pleuronectes .........._.- 2709 Syn phn sees eaeeee ees 2709 Blasyodontidaes=a= esac spe eeeeeeee 2826 iPlapy odusi: .-ososseesc eee eee 594, 596, 2826 (Pla Ceo as jas sc Saacaces oe ek eee 2648 Plain -tail)s ss Seen ese eee ee ee 879 plana; Platessav-e--- ess. 2 see Seiae 2647 Mlaneiy-Molasss-4- 2. a. se a eee ee 1756 Tympanomium..-...--.---.-- 1754 Plancterus) ct. gece cae ee 2827, 2828 planiceps PATIOS! sen. sce) eee eee 127 Catostomust-cs---5- sees 181 Nietumaree an scree ceeaoe 127, 2766 Rinnobabuse---eeeeesesee 64 planifrons, Eupomacentrns.......-- 1559 Pomacentrus ..-...-.--- 1559 J aMIOS tA enact oe eeeis es oe ces 101 spatwla si. 28sseceeces 102 planus, Pleuronectes ...........-.-- : 2647 Pseudopleuronectes --...---- 2647 IAT EY TS lns alates eects aiaee oars ctor 250, 254 argentatus ..-...-..-...- 283 bowmaniie ses sore-tis eee 283 melanocephalus...--..--- 217 UNA DCIS) sco cana socoseenocs 283 plarcyrus, Rubus. 22. see ses ae 282 late-tishie-5.0 sss ecaeeer eee 1722 IPIALESS Aleem s eens s nace eee 2648 biloneataese-s sees aes 2643 Gentataleeaedseeeeeeesee 2615, 2630 dwintensisse-cesmseee sees 2650 QOMIEE Ae Sone ctososcousose 2657 LOREM PIM Gae = a acesee = ee 2645 DR Ree eee eae eee 2650 microcephalaia. saan 2651 | Platygobio physignathus .......--: 325 TUL OSUS =~ oes eee 2652 |'Platyinius -=<:22-¢<2. =~ 2672 Plesioperca .--.-----.---.---..----- 1028 perarcuatus .....-.--- 2643 SUICODS aes pease a 1039 PIN OWS ee eect eee 2611 Pleuracromylon-----...----.--....- 29 plagiusay--..-2525--5e= 2710 pleuriticus, Salmo clarkii ---------- 2819 plagusiaiesss)eeeeeeee 2709 DMN EGS sin n= 496 HEMI Sossosoosednsac 2647 Pleurogadus -.-.-...-----------.---- 2537 platessoides ....-...-- 2615 TE S10 Leelee eet staret= alo 2538 quadridens ...--.-.--- 2654 Pleurogrammus ..----.-------------- 1864 quadrituberculatus. -. 2648 monopterygius.. 1864, 1866 QuUenSeli =e -ee- eee 2654 Plennelepis) === =--===--------~-=--- 1061 Saxicolae ees eee ee 2657 AAD EOU Steeles <== 1061 Stellatustessceeeerecas 2652 pellacidus -----...--..- 1063 surinamensis .--.--.--- 2666 IPIGUTONGCLES cee = amine - === -=-=2--~- 2648 Wn DrOSUS tee see eee 2643 OMT Senet aia)aiatat= == 2696 VO UHL S Seeteeeie eee er 2641 americanus -..-.------ 2647 | Pleuronectid#--.------------=-..--. 2602 SUDOU eee ee (atelee=lt=l=li= AOL Me leoronectingsrscees sce ae eae 2607 aquosus -...-.----.--- 2660 | Pleuronichthys -..-.-..-.----------- 2637 aramiaca -.-.....------ 2672 coenosus ---.----- 2638, 2639 SUN: PTS eee elata la ela a 2666 decurrens....-.--- 2637, 2683 SN Ole eee etait 2645 guttulatus....-..-- 2640 eases see see 2646 quadrituberculatus 2638 pilimeatus-s-e-.-=--(-- 2643 Verticals os---'= 2638 cicatricosus ---------- 2649 | pleurophthalmus, Antennarius --.- 2722 cynoglossus ..-...-- 2611, 2657 | pleurospilus, Girardinus-.---.------- 688 dentatus.........----- 2630 Heterandria. --.-.----- 688 digrammus .....-.-..- 2641 | pleurostictus, Triglops.------------ 1923 ellipticus..----.------ 2665 | Pleurothyris .----.---.----.-------- 603 elonpatise seeeee sas == 2657 | Olfersi s-= eescea ener 604 ferrugineus -.----.--- 2645 | plumarius, Archistes ..---.-.----- 1900, 1901 franklinii .......----- 2650 | plumatula, Calamus.---.------------- 1352 eee eee 2654 | plumbea, Chimera ..-..--.--------- 95 DANG teen 2650 Diond aieees ae 216 Placialis|-----..------- 2649 Gambusianesitese eee 695 3070 Index. Page. plumbea, Hybognathus...........-. 216 WAM POlLAes sees eee 13 plumbeolus, Alburnops ..-..---.--- 283 Minnilussssa-es-<==-== 283 plumbeum, Zophendum.......----- 216 plumbeus, Ceratichthys--.-..-...---. 324 Couesiusieesesso esse 323 Gobioss==s--=--o 62s ee 324 POLrOmMyZON= sense sss 13 plumier, Le Tetrodon .-.-..--- fae ese 1733 plumieri,, Caraiixs-o- ses - so See 912 , Chactodon)2---c.o+sc5—-- 1668 Conodon =< 2-2=--.-5--<2-- 1324 Coryphenai-s--.----5---- 2276 Diabasisiees-~rieses sce cee 1306 Gerres)S.cecero-ee ese 1379 Gobiusic=-2-- esse sece eee 2206 Ezomiullones Sateen cael 1304 aibrus)jasscont ee eee 1305 Malacanthus..-..-..-...-.- 2275 Mii oil eet See 812, 2841 CheN 2 seme ee meme eres 1324 SCOMDCE nea -e cee sees soe 911 Scomberomorus ...-...---- 875 Sconpinaee ese ae eee 1848 Sieydium'!s-- 5.2 5-2-5sss2 2206 Metrodoneseaer se as ee 1733 (hrachunopses=-s—-se—=— oe 912 Trichidione== seer eae 830 plumierianus, Caranxomorus..----- 911 plumierii, Polydactylus...-...-..-. 830 Polynemusies-ss-4---—-=—2 830 plurimis; Cottusicirris-----2-22-=- 2066 al Oa op Reet) ieee eerie late ate 69, 70 pluvialis, Labrax..-s2-- -s-4--2-=<=- 2841 Poacher: Seas. 2224-2502 se5 eee 2091 Poachers; Seatesna see scae cee eee 2031 pocatello, Catostomus ...--.-.------ 175 podostemone, Boleosoma .-...-.--.- 1055 Etheostoma..-.-..-..--. 1055 Podothecus’----sseees nee seer eae 2054 ACOMp Woe == =e ease ae 2055 acipenserinus. ...---- 2061, 2062 pulbentiercre esac ae 2058 ham lint ssee esos ee 2056 peristethus:.--.-.5..-.. 2062 stunioides==-s-s.---4=-= 2063 CHOMPSOM- 2 ese 2060 Veternus:=.o--2-<--.2 2063, 2064 ViULISUIS So see eee cca s ic 2068 Pimeilia, 22.chesesene- oe see sess e 690, 2833 boucardiz.-2-2- 3-5-2 === 695, 2834 PLAN OGieeee see ee eee 2834 putlerivooS- ist eccceaeeee 691, 2833 CmNiCOla. 2 =: = sds sess ene= =e 641 CADOI AGA mie llare oleae alee aa 648 Page. Pocilia chisoyensis =. .2.222-----4- 693, 2834 couchianaeere=sseeseee errr 695, 2833 Couchilijs.s22tcsete se oct eee 695 Cubensis\s-eeeeeeeee nl aceeere 692 Gunéalacsssats-ckoeeesses 2834 dominicensis -....... 696, 2833, 2834 GOViliws Soe ces ee eee ee 695, 2833 clon gataticeessssseeeeee es 697, 2834 fasciata coos sce seseee ws vsaie 641 fasciatus ices sconces 2833 gillivee see ee ee 692, 2834 Lineolataten.asace 22 et eee 700 macrolepidota ..........--- 641 melanogaster -=-22222-<- << 696, 2834 melapleurasecsceassse scene: 660 MOXICANG ces sa ase ee eles 692, 2833 Multilineataeesesce ee eee ee 700 Olivaceate ste sae tee. se eeses 659 pavonia-. 7. -es.ccececeeoes 692, 2833 POLENENSIS ce saese senses 694, 2833 plumbeus=seo--2-2-. sesosecte 2833 presidjonis:-=---sesce-e eee 697 reticulatattees -sseee neo 2833 Schineideri --ossece see eee 691 Sphenvpsiz-ses-ne eee eeers 694, 2833 Spilurns Se eeeeres ese 697, 2833 SULINAMENSIS: . 2-22 ssee se 691 thermalis nosso eeoreee oe 693, 2833 (Acropeecilia) tridens...... 690 vandepollitsscenesc see sees 696, 2833 arubensis --.-.. 696, 2834 Vittata /s.552-5-5.-sceese eee 692, 2833 Vivipatajze == -ee saeseee eee 691, 2833 eos cruichthys-ccs-- soca 1066, 1067, 1069 aTtesiw@scsae sas eelss 1094 asprigenis .-.--.....-- 1085 barratti 242. es4-ce.ce 1102 b@anls ease sss ae 1057 borealis!<. 2 22.3.2-2..045 1082 butlerianusss-5-2e-- 1102 CANNOIIS) sens aeeseye 1076 C@eruleus se --res see 1089 COS 5 eases coe eee 1102 erochrous ...--.--..-=- 1102 exiliss ae shes cee teres 1108 TUSITOTMNIBS==eeee eee 1102 PLAC Sse meee eee oe 1108 NCGIE a adaepaccssenccs 1085 lateralis =: S5scecseece 1099 lepidtisse.scstsseeacee 1089 MESUS eee eee 1059 palustris=--.-=22-=-— 1102 punctulatas....----2.- 1091 quiescens!-2.--------- 1101 rufilineatus ---+------ 1079 sagittal ----.s= =e 1081 Pecilichthys sanguifluus -..----.--. Saxapilish ss .26 - <<: <5: spectabilisi 2-2. .-.--- AWAD Se sae sccm versicolor: 22. --2:- VIRCAGUS: 5225-5 cc. -4 - WIUROUSS S5555~ sce <<< vwulneratis!=-...------ Warlone jose ssoens PON ALIS Seis sb sees sci 2 = Pie ctnd S555. sso. 2ss- se sche ss sis OS Gunes see eee ase ana cae es = GE CHOI CS ieee naan a nie eee oa cess bimaculatus ..-....--.. iPoecilocephalus?ss---—=--=s---/-==—== -- peciloides, Lebistes.-...........-.-. Weimig 52 = sess sass ce cilophisssa--acee ssc nee ae NOCIUENUS= =..272- == —s—— pecilophthalmus, Gobiesox..---.-- pecilopus, Myripristis........----- Rhamphoberyx. -------- PecilosoMmacses ns tees ~~ erythrogastrum. ..---- transversum ..-------- peecilura, Myxostoma .-...-.....---- Poecilurichbhys::-=-+--222i<<.--52- pecilurum, Moxostoma.......----- petulus, Citharichthys .......-.-.- poeyi, Alepidosaurus (Caulopus) --- Dactyloscopus ---.--2=------ MO PAWNS eect = = (CAbtuspeeeese es a= ase ae =a PACH ene Sees aeel ae alae = Hemirhamphus --.--.-------- idiot e= a. esses = Se atte ny ceneranlisecs=-<---2=-=-~~ Oxnphopristis---= 2-2. -=: PEM MOnispest ese seeeisia nce lay LOSSUS == anise m= woe == Siphostomia-—---ss----~----- SLOlepUOrus eens e = acini ° SSO MUS aaa tare eae tala mie EO 2 Oe enema ete eet er feral = a= i=l= Lenya) so ees ood oseeceeee COUBMIN a= eee aa OPO S ete eae ae are = aie ; Courbina: o----ss2 2-1) =-=-- COMMIS ease ae ine eens = os COUTDING ees - = =< faseCintuse esses tae s- a= Pogonichthys --.--.-.----..----:---- argyreiosus -.-.-.-.--- communis -.--------- (Platygobio) gulonel- lus L[hdex. 3071 Page. 1077 1048 1089 1086 1089 1093 1065 1077 1103 1075 630 632 678 678 381 | 689 700 402 | 403 2335 847 847 1066 | 1089 1089 196 | 333 | 196 2672 596 2302 445 | 9996 one 1598 | 720 1599 2811 1539 979 | 1599 766 445 536 2065 | 1482 1483 1482 1483 1482 1483 1483, 223 224 326 326 Page. Pogonichthys inequilobus......... 224 macrolepidotus ..-... 223 sSymmetricus .......-. 246 POPY: ston ence eos eees stew dsionccs cee 433 Po-he- Wa secon te cee oeaeee wets 238 Point Loma, Blind Goby of.--....--. 2262 Poison Toad-fishes ...........---- 2323, 2325 Poisson Blew .o522-5 5 cscae seen eee 517 de\ Marais scs-cesseesseee 113 UNG! s 2 cece case soeaseeeee 954 pola; Platessa)-"2-~. =. ss eee eee 2657 polaris-Blenniuss----sss5-2e eee 2469 Boreogadus:s2=--2s-22 525-5 2534 Cottusy. © 22se-ceee coe sone 1999 Isycodalepis?=:--s--4-s. ses 2468 Ty codes} 25. jacenereaeitenoce 2469 Merlanpus=s--ecsseeenee se 2534 iPollachiuss---cees. esse 2534 Porocottuses.44-=-54 24-2 1998 Role lound erases sees ea oeessaceeee 2657 Polistotremay <2 .cc5 ccc esas meses 6 dombeygeesse-snes ses 6 GOR nase aceepeosecas 6 politusy Seriphuse sss eset acee on 1397 SpHeTOldeS\es-ee ei eesiceean 1736 annulatus -..-- 1736 sPetrodonyoss ees ssocte 1736 RGU RChUSi esa oe meee eae ee 2534 carbonarius-.-'- = 2s. = 2535 chalcogrammus ..-..---. 2536, 2537 polaris .225...s52- 58.245 2534 VITONS (=e = ase sciemeeae 2534 ROM aie ki tee hanes eee aetna 2534 Puget\Sound -22-23-ss--e--- 2536 Wrall-eyedieana—----seeesees 2536 IROIEYO IS) 5 phases coseeeobascosose 2534 Alaskans csatese eerie 2535 pollicaris, Cottus-....---......-.. 1941, 1953 Wranid@amsesese sae e 1954 polltixesk ONbINUS Sener ae e = eee 1857 poloosoo, Caranx ..--..--..-..------ 928 polyacanthocephalus, Cottus-...---. 1977 Myoxocepha- luster oe 1976 Polyacanthonotine..-..-.-.---.-.-- 613 polyactocephalum, Bryostemma.. 2408, 2409 polyactocephalus, Blennius -------. 2409 Chirolophis ---.--. 2409 polycaulus, Pimelodus --.--.------- 153 hem gale sere eee 153 IPOLycine hus iesee see eee 1477 Gumeriliee = seer esas 1479 Tati Le DUN epee telelialeer 1479 Polyclemus .--....--------------- 1477, 1478 Polydactylus -------------------.--- 828 approximans ....-.-.- 829 3072 Page. Polydactylus octonemus .....-...-. 830 opercularis------.---- 830 plumientiees. see 830 virginicus......----.- 829 polygonius, Acanthostracion_.-.-..- 1725 Gymnothorax..----..-.- 394 by codontis)-22--=-4---: 394 polylepis, Balistes ...........-.-..- 1700 Polymer eee rea eee ia 854 LOWOlaereo sae serene ee 854 Polymixiidtee sao. aes saeceaeee 854 polymorphus, Gadus.......--..--.- 2540 IPolymemid esse eteeee eee eece ee 827, 2841 Polymemus)ss2455-)455-eees sacs 828 americanus........-.-.- 830 approximans;=---s--leee 829 artediic. 2a2-teeeeee sae 828 californiensiss----2=---— 829 macronemus......-.---- 828 TAN Ome aeieatete eee 830 melanopoma.........--- 831 octohilishesceeeeeescae 830 octonemuse-seeee eee 830 oligodons22-.-s--s=2e6- 830 opercnlaris)=-2-5.---=2= 831 plamioniveecscssseeeese ase 830 quinquarius -....-...-.- 828 sexradiatus ..-.-------- 2183 tridigitatus ..........-- 2177 VAL SINICUS semen aaa 830 IEW AOU eoonco cehoaconsascogasssas 101 feuille\ssoenc=i-- 2520355 102 folimmi asec ssceseiee see 102 spauhullay -seceeererarc cece 101, 102 Polyodontidwyna-ss-ceaeaeeee eee 101 Poly Did On yee ssea-ee 1555 paritus-c-cee-see eee 1558 planifronseeeeercescee 1559 quadrigutta.........- 1570 rectifreenum -.---..-- 1554 ToObicundus seeesse eee 1565 Wariabiliss. esse ceewee 1552 KaANGHUPUS eee eee eee 1557 Pomadasisienscecte ne enee ene eee 1329 ANALG Ss sacs eee ae 1332 axillanisaseeseeeseeeeeee 1328 bayanus'.--<-easacescice 1331 branicki--e-s-eee eee enee 1333 corvineformis ........- 1327 CLOCEO). saiccin sisi! S eee 1333 dovil reels ce eee 1318 elon gatus) soe sses ence 1328 humilis se see ee sere e 1331 IGUCISCHSas- 2c Eee ee 1328 macracanthus.......... 1332 TGS ee eel e ee see ee 1326 PACING = ease ener aes 1316 panamensis ............ 1331 PLrodnehusk epee ee 1332 TAMOSUS).<-5-cceceerecee 1334 Pomadasys approximans.........-- 1333 CHSIUS 2.5.5 sae cceemee 1317 Cavidsoni@eeseesseeaeee 1321 I@UCISCUSHS---=-eeeeeeee 1328 modestus).--s-=----o26- 132% VIEPIMICUS) samecames eee 1323 Pomataprion ee ssses ears eee eee L565 dorsalise2s-ssascecseee 1570 Bomatomichthysss-assss-seseeecee 1111 Pomatomides os2c-cse-aneacsnseecee 945 Pomatomus) jek ciet ese canie seiicosne 946, 1111 Lndex. 3073 Page. Page Pomatomus saltator:.-...--.-------- 947 | Pomoxys protacanthus ...........- 987 saltatrix..........-.-.- 946 SPALOllessaaeeewae toseeoee 988 Skibpeeies oases eal 947 | Pompano, California.............-.- 967 Pomatopsettia).---.----..:-....--.-- 2614 Commons sacecs 5 438 (Odontognathus) pana- MENSISl 2) Sale aiaac sae 438 phaeton= 2.6432 s2no5-25 438 PRAMS Gl PAs herinee sa <= s6~ =~ 2c- Stolephorus --..-..-..-- preeliare, Etheostoma preliaris, Etheostoma profundorum, Acanthocottus Lepophidium Seylliorhinus -.....-. profundus, Lutjanus .......-.......- Prognathodes prognathus, Argyrosomus prolixum, Campostoma prolixus, Weuciscus==ses-2---eee== prolongus, Leptoconger promelas, Meebia Prometheus 222 2-eeessceee-cceesees Prometheus atlanticus -...---...--- prometheus, Gempylus Promethichthys Promethichthys atlanticus)<_--.- 4-e ence eeee 2406 hypacanthus ...--- 2406 DES CML OS orate tetas aletelatett ite telatetetere 950 BULA TUS eee eee eee 951 cyanophrys)-<222----------~ 950 FUSCUS Hee a ease erinee eee 951 a AMICUS ie ateaieee ee eee tare 951 maAcolatuse=-—asesseeae = 951 pellicidusze-seess see see ae 950 Re CTS eee a 951 IPsetulehthy senses eee eee eae 2617 melanostictus --...-.-. 2618 Sordiduseeseeseeseasee 2680 IPSetbinee eee eee aaa eetas eT 2608 Lndex, 3077 Page. IPSCUdATIONOS soo cecaac--seseetcs ess 154 pantherinus ........-.- 155 PACU ADIUS eee occias f-cicbinciscce es 119 PROMI ODASTOS ts secisicisciceic a socecice os 1839 IPSeudocantMiCUS s.-<--2----os-s= - 159 pseudocrocodilus, Scopelus. ...---.- 556 pseudogula, Encinostomus ..-..---- 1368 Gerres) ss saksiees aeS- 5 1368 pseudoharengus, Clupea-.--.--.-.-.---- 426 Pomolobus ...---- 426 lacus- tris - 426 PSCUAdOHOMLOCON fo sees sees 156 pseudohispanica, Clupea..-.----.----- 424 Sarduniarese sees 424 pseudohispanicus, Clupanodon .--.- 423 SCN GULLS =e eee eee ees eee 1604 ads tus'sssseeeeeacseee: 1603 califormicuss--s--4s-2 1601 NOM AUS a-eeee nae 1604 melanouss=eseeaes eae 1605 modéestusies-sssce acc 2 1601 mobospilus|= 25 - =~ - 134 Migesthes 2 ses 35-se.2<2 2390 MECPOMIS: 2=52/se(o-<22==:- 998 MCrISiOdUS ==------ ==. - 52 Monacanthus ....-.--- 1713, 1719 IMorhia. 23-8 accssesas05 2543 (MV ROPHISN 2 = =,22.:-< = 371 Opisthognathus .-.-....- 2281 Prionotius ---..-- 2158, 2164, 2169 IPTIOnUTIS es ese os 1695 | Silorugse2.0c-cas-o2 = 135 SOAS pe mem cereal yo 26, 43 SWehwenss.o-e-5-5-- =a 2439 POUCOU OM eae ma cane 1735 PRrachinwS's =< cers 1153 | Wipeneu Swe eee se === 859 ENESUTUSS ce eee cea 1694, 1695 puncticeps, Cryptopterus .--...--.-- 382 | Qphichthus: -2..52 5. = 382 Ophichthys--=.:------- 382 puncticalata, Gambusia..-.--.----.-- 680 Perea marina -.-..---- 1146 3079 Page. puncticulatus, Apogonichthys ...-. 1111 SATUS ence siemens 131 Chilomycterus...... 1750 punctifer, Crotalopsis -...--...----. 387 Mionda gessccsace- sce eS e 215 Ophichthysesseeessesce 387 Hybognathus (Dionda). - 215 punctiferus, Bodianus.--..-......-.. 1147 Menephorussses=ee = 1147 punctipinne, Siphostoma..--...-..- 763 punctipinnis, Ayresia......-....--. 1548 Chromisecascess= ee 1548 Dermatostethus --.-.- 763 punctulata, Coryphena---..------- 953 Micropercaiesese sess 1104 Uranid@arjce- 1-5). se 1949 punctulatum, Boleosoma .....-...-- 1091 Etheostoma.........- 1090 punctulatus, Calliurus .........-.. 992, 1011 Cottusicescen esas 1948 pairdiessseaeee 1950 Gobiesox 2252 2-25---22 2338 Hippocampus....-.---- V7 TGaMpU CUS eae nea eae 953 Miirmilasie ss seo . 302 Notropis umbratilis -. 301 Pimel odms)/qseeeeeee ae 143 Peecilichthys ........- 1091 Potamocottus......... 1949 Pseudosearus -...--.-- 1646 SEN ecesnetacsesocac 1645 Si@yases!-eacce sass 2338 Squalus= 2.5252. ==--5- 26 JETS Re sap se ohadono 2oces sos5ea5uose 2195 pungitius, Gasterosteus...-.....-.- 745 brachypoda 746 IPVPOSLCUS) -ercee n= 745 brachypoda. - 746 pun.ceus, Hyborhynchus -..--.-.--- 218 BRENT A CG eet 63 purpurascens, Elops .---.----..--.- 410 purpuratus, Salmo .--.-.------ 492, 499, 2819 bouvieri..2.----- 496 purpurea, Tigoma.......-.--------- 234 | purpurescens, Anoplarchus. .-.---- 2423 Wepomisl=--ee---—-— 1006 Salpa variegata - ---- 1271 purpureus, Leuciscus -------------- 234 ILGRAP PN co conosaoseeasd 1264 Merlangus'=--.--.------ 2535 Sebastichthys .----.---- 1826 SQ Maus ieee === eee 234 \uParsy Minnows)==2-~---6.--<4-522- 670, 671 | pusilla, Aphoristia..-...---.---.--- 2711 IBOvnTOCaTal eee eee 2476 Clupeaee ssa eee eee 426 3080 L[hdex, Page. Page. pusilla, Man eaeeseeeeeeeeaae eae 2476 | quadriporus, Gobius ...........---- 2221 POLrCaleonems ses-mialseeceeeals: 1107 | quadripunctatus, Scomber ..--..-.- 869 IPlatessaeceosa-soee soe 2647 | quadriremis, Exoceetus ..-....----- 735 pusillum, Acanthidium .-.....-.--- 59, | quadriscutis, Asius)s222-2.seeece oa 126 pusillus, Argyrosomus..----..----- 470 Nebumayscecc-eseeses 126 Etmopterus -------.------ 55 | quadriseriatus, Artedius.........-- 1897 Spilake-eeecee= eee b iyeree 55 Veelinusecee see eee 1897 Symphurus A aero 2710 | Teelus\-- 22 see este 1897 putaol, Gymnotus: -----.----------- 341 | quadrispinosus, Pseudoscarus .--.- 1648 putuami, Acipenser .........-.....- 104 | Scand Sesser a eseeer 1648 Cottogaster -.....---..-.. 1046 | quadrituberculata, Platessa.-....-. 2648 Euchalarodus ....-.------- 2650 | quadrituberculatus, Parophrys ..-. 2648 WlOpsetiaieeeeeena= se eee 2650 | Pleuronectes. . 2648 pygmea, Eucalia inconstans. ------ 744 Pleuronich- (Wambrag sescscesee eee 624 WnSassebode 2638 Mimics fceseee ee 624 | quadrocellata, Anclyopsetta .....-. 2635 pygmeeus, Gadus .---...---.-.---.. 2542 | Platéssay.: 2s: 5 he 2633 Gasterosteus -.----.----- 744 | quadrocellatus, Pseudorhombus. ... 2635 WeuGiISCUSitse. sees 624 | quappella, Etheostoma.-...-.-.-.-- 1804 IRV POSLOUS seas ieeer see eee ee eae 745 | quartus, Anthias rondeleti--.-..-..- 1266 UNG itie see eee TAD" iaaley:s232. 05 ee ee 514 brachypoda - - v5) @uassilabia waste ene see ee eee 198 Pylodictis limosus -.-----------.--- 143 lacerac ss ceee sss saeeee 199 pyramidatus Cyclopterus ----.----- 2097) | @Quassiremus|=-s--eseaaeeeee see ee 380 pyrrhogaster, Chrosomus ---------- 210 6vionthasieess see ee. 380 pyrrhomelas, Cliola ---------------- 281 nothochineyse-eeeeee 380 Codomaiysse- ase 281 quatuordecimlaminatus, Echeneis-- 2272 INIOUED OHS Goose oesecue 280) | <@ueenfish) 225-5322 eee 1397 Photogenis...------.- 281 | quenseli, Pleuronectes -.-.-..------ 2654 Pythonichthys----.-...------------ 390 | quercinum, Macrostoma..---------- 554 Sanguineus ----.-.- 390 | quercinus, Notoscopelus ...--..--.. 555 | Queriman\eeee a= eee eee eee 810 quadracus, Apeltes ..----..----.... To2)) SQ nerim aN ae eee = eee ae eee 817 Gasterosteus.-..-..-..- 752 | Cy ANS ies eee eee ree 818 quadrangularis, Selene-.....-.------ 1668 | aren guseeesee eee 817 quadratus, Porocottus --.---------- 1998) querna; Azevia 22. fa.ce seer a -atee 2675 JIG hoe dao snosocbesene 1668 Cyclopsettal=-2-2-2>.------- 2675 quadricorne, Ostracium.--.-------- 725) |"Q ia qui ayasise ane eee ee see eee 907 quadricornis, Agonus .-...-..-.---- Z0LS IQ wi ebralmesseseehe eee eae eee 898 Aspidophorus....---. 2041 | quiebra, Chorinemus .:....----....- 899 Cottus ===. s---= = 2001 | Vaichiaisesca eee Dac gee 899 Hypsagonus -...--- 2038, 2041 | quiescens, Copelandellus .......-.-.- 1100 Qstracion = <<. =2-==-= 1725 Etheostoma ...---------- 1101 quadridens, Pleuronectes ..----.--- 2654 Pecilichthys -:-2---..-- 1101 quadrifasciatus, Chasmodes..-.--.- 2392 Prionotusia.ee-ees sees een 2161 IPholiseeeeseen se = 2392, 2394 Wnanid eajeerese= see iae 1968 quadrifilis, Bathypterois .....-.--.- 550) M@) th Gb tl ayer ees see eee ee eee eee ame 2251 Cottusieees creases 1998, 2000 VqCoudaen ncaa --0-- 2201, 2252 Porocottus........---- GSO 2 00 0) ral ka he ca ee = eee eee 167 quadrigutta, Pomacentrus -.....--- 57 0n KG) noUllet a hes eeee es eee eee era 2451 quadrilateralis, Coregonus.-..----- 465 | Quinnat Salmon .......-....-----.-- 474, 479 quadrilineatum, Hzmulon -..---- 1309, 1311 | quinnat, Oncorhynchus ..-..------- 480 quadrilobawhalaresssssse- > sesso 90 Salmoeeese shes =a 480 Rhinoptera---.--------- 90 | quinquarius, Pentanemus - .-------- 828 quadrimaculatus, Diodon .....-.---- 1746 Polynemus -...--.-- oe 828 Paradiodon ...-... 1746 | quinqueaculeata, Raja. --..----.--- 88 Index. Page. quinquecinctus, Pomacanthus..--.-- 1680 quinquefasciatus, Epinephelus.-... 1164 DOLEANUS ae seo- 5 1164 quinquelineatum, Hzemulon..-..--- 1311 quiquemaculatus, Centronotus-.--. 2430 Opisthocentrus. - 2430 AG CUTS CN epee adele etct =i aimtmtie afer = 480 MBO, ©CSUrACION 2c -<.. 2 5-—-- == 21 Gyropleurodus ...-.........- 21 RAIS DEUS Dies = aia/steci miss cia sl-is/aeje2 =< 882, 1748 Rabbit-mouth Sucker .....-........ 198, 199 Rand OpLOrU Shes slala\-\clelain(s al eee eee 1909 Rattish ss. ser eee cswstaeceeeeece eee 95 Rathbunellasesesseeese see eeceeeee 2289 hy poplectases-=se---52 2290 rathbuni, Fundulus ...............- 649 Mrnolloidest@e-s--s-seseeer 857 Paralonchurus..-.-.....- 1479 Oly. cinrhnspessasesess ee 1479 ae Index. 3083 . Page. Red-mouth Grunt -....-.-.-----.--. 1308 Redeeareombis heen -ccce---sc- =< 1635 N20 Osygee eer eer mane i'n === 1356 PROC KS pert ale am ci=lonsininin.'=='= 1805 IOC Ke hrOG bese eeeee eine aan 1872 ONC a0 Olenene eee eee ae a 1456 NCOP IMPeer seen esieie ween soe 3 1935 SETAE Oletnepnctet ie neyaieerinin)=i-icleinie' 1264 UU G DT stiee sees eee =i aini 106 KG Ieee see eens afer ate 176 REG-Sid Cd Shin ers sem se wae 42 oey a at 1S585ER1nd 0; Sargon. nsee5s= eee amen 1321 Mrachimoisess- sss: =o 2 Sila priali, Onusss 2s a econ Sea eee eee 2530 Trachynotus.......--- 2228 | pRiib bartd His hiss eesene cae sees 1490 ifomboidi chibhiy's's=-=-eere- aes =: Ago | Meio We losaoes aoe dot a eseasab esse 1489 ellipticaus\-22--- =. 2OOon RTD DONS hess sees eee eee 1485 leopardinus ------ 2666 | ricardi, Mesoprion ............-..-- 1273 TnMatUs=—-s=- = 52. 2666 ri cei Cotte sas eee eee ae eee 1952 lunulatus..-..... 2666 | Unanidea tis: fess cieceese- oes 1953 maculiferus -..-. 2665 | richardi, Caranx .....-- SeaeEeeceeEe 923 ocellatus-.--...-- 2664 Hemirhamphus. ...------- 720 spinosus-....---- 2663 Salm Onesee see ea eee came 483 RompOpPULES is ss, ase sees soae ees 1276 | richardsoni, Acipenser-......--..--- 106 aurorubens .....-.: 1277, 1278 Astronesthes-.-......--- 587 elegansteserse a2 so 1278 Chauliodus------2----- 587 HUH OmpO bIG@S 2 - eee = = 1689 Coregonus....-.--..--- 465 RU OM DUSe ees ae octoc oe Sane cee ocr 2---2-s22-eee6 1491 Cirrhitichthys .....-.-.- 1492 Diodone-- 5. ctesucceeees 1748 | Serrans)z2e222 seal 1187 RLV GUUS sae fen ea eee 662, 2830 cylindraceus .--...-- eee 662, 2830 JSURMENSIS seeps e ese eee ee 2830 marmoratus':-.5-------2-- 663, 2830 ROACL eeciac eee sere ee eee eee rae 250 ROaches 422ecereeacsee seer eee eee 248 roanoka, Ktheostoma--.........-...-- 1036 iHadroptenisess-cae sense. 1036 Pertingacec=: See eek er eeee 1036 robalito, Centropomus...-..--.----- 1123 | Robalito de las Aletas Amarillas- -. 1123 Prietas=..<-- 1119 Robalo ssssshwt oases as eceeeaeee oe 1118 IPrietOrm es neoeeceeee e ase 1119 Roba OS eeer seen eee ee ieee eee LUT robert, HXOCWbtUSeaassaeee cee eae 735 Hemirhamphus -..-.......-.- 721 Hyporhamphus.......-.--- 721 robertsii, Ceratobatis ..-.....-..... 2756 Siphostom ajar sees 2837 Stolephorus = eee 1323 a SD aie alt COE ee elit >< dey rie tS i ates z 3087 Page. rose, Hemirhamphus ....-.---...-. 722 Hyporhamphus ..... Dae ere 721 {EyphlichtihyStecescte == cine ae 2835 rosarium, -Acipenserjes--aei-ene cee 106 Rosé-back- Rarro treaaceseeeece as 1635 Rosefish:-c222 fcc sccecseeteceeee 1760 Rose-fishes: =. ..--26 sas mcnimccseee 1760 roseipinnis, Notropis.-.--...---.---- 298 TOSCUS, BleONnIUS eee e ae eee eee eee 2420 Centronotus:-s---.---4-s>=- 2420 Cry ptotomus)-c-- =e sssene= 1626 Gunnellopseesssemeesseeeere 2420 UEURTUS ie menaietcte tots lemtse ess 288 Minmibus\s=ocem-sssserees-ee 288 INObrOpis)=facjeecicriseeeeeeso= 287 IB WONOUIS Pees see eee aeeeeee 2159 Rosicola; -sf2Sacc-e-seceeeeee 1765, 1775, 17938 rosipes, Novaculichthys.------------ 1614 XeymiChthy See reese steer 1615 LOSS PINIS a hua] Ayers seiin = ica eta 2751 ROSSI iy COGES =e ee teenste ease eaeee 2465 DaAlVeliMUS jecersee sess ess = 510 ROSSA Sal Olea ee aicinisels aslo eiarae 510 rostellum, Acipenser...---.--..---- 106 rostrata; Albula. 22s. --cccslsessses 412 Aldrovanidia.--7------<-=- 609 AN SVE op see esoeso soe 348 anguilla ......... 348 Sea G ae epee 2645 MOLI CARaee a= =e aiaeiel eat 157 Macdonaldia ........------ 617 IMGT Wipes sistent raattalalatale 348 IPAbeSSalee == seen eee a 2645 rostratum, Cichlasoma -.------.---- 1522 Holocentrum! --5------2- 852 | rostratus, Agonus....--..-------... 2048 Aspidophorus ..--------- 2048 Brachyopsis--=-—='4--— 2046, 2048 Canthigaster -.---------- 1741 Gymnothorax.....--.---. 395 ialosainas =a eee ae 609 HHGrOSm eens meses == === 1523 Heterostichus ----.------ 2351 Holocentrus ..-.--------- 849 GOP Wise eee eee 2727 Notacanthus..-.-...------ 617 Diy CES ee eat ete 2555 Pseudoscarus....-------- 1659 S C2 G0 eee eee ee Sere eeee 1658 Sphagebranchus....----- 373 Squalspe-se-ee =e eel 49 Retrodones sss] 4-s--he=——— 1742 (AGT Se eee ee 936 rostro, Labrus reflexo --..---------. 1677 | rotengulus, Leuciscus..--..--.------ 221 rotheus, Leucosomus...------------ 222 Page Rive DO1G GAae rere eee eieitlateisinle/ia(=!= -=- 206 | bicoloweerescer secession 244 | DOUCALd Res cssesee ee ees 247 | COMPRESSUS= so - 2o cas cw nemo 282, 296 MOL MTS ore ate wine lest eee 193 | OlMVACEUSE aes -) Stel tara 244, 2798 | Dla oN US ye ee aaeaeta Sel 282 | PWGE Sees sS acceso ose: 300 | Shorenianuss= 255 s<22 2st =<: 321 | SVMMeCtricus/....---62---\--- 245 thalassinls 35255220 22'5 = 245 | PULL UMIMS Sak Oeeee ae ee eens cee acios = 509 Tetragonopterus. ---------- 334 | Leber, NeOlparis: 22. .= se -—-— == = 2108 | Mello messeeeetiawa Samana. se 879 | HUULVObLUNs aces) So ssaae se a teswsiess 879 | PIGUOSUSHe aeeltetemsteraisl—s © 879 | Index. 3089 Page. Ryba,; Bielaya-c---...-.5-2ss<-ccsess 480 Chormiaysssscsnssctee-ase sees 621 IKCASNAYAiaeer ence emareet t= 481 Ry pllcinw.2-steeias sesec eee se caene 1131 Ry pticus!ss5--sessce. esses ee 1229, 1230 aLONatussasessesee eee ae 1232 bicolor sees acoso eee 1231 bistrispinus)s--e-e sess ee 1233 COTIACCUS|- 2 see nee eee 1233 TWP DUS eee 1234 saponaceus...--.-.....==-- 1232 MAND ra ymine oetee eisenianeeieee 1231 SAabalo sasack cece eees Sic ee eee 409, 414 Sabarasbacalhaonssectocseeesenseee 2230 Sabina Dasibatish.- sees -e eee ee eee 85 DAS yatisia-- =. cocci eee 84 Sy O Nein es eee eae ae 85 Sabine eNOLLOpisaas aerate eee eee 262 Hablex sts secs ck se eee oscesecseee 889 saburre, Chasmodes.-.....--------- 2392 Sac a Maitiers ap etae aie cee aac eaas 638, 987 Saccopharyngid@ -....-.------.----- 405 DAcCCOpPhany Mx sees alesse als 405, 406 ampullaceus...-..--- 406 chordatus -------.... 406 facellome ss oseee eee 406 NACCOStOMM@ ase s=- maa eee eee eee 2249 Sacramento Cat .--.....---.--..-... 140 Chubiese2s- sence eeeee 231 Perehe a= jonas 991 Pik@s2 cee ess eee 224, 2796 Salmoni-2) oes eeee oe 479 SURESCONE se sere meee 104 Sucker: 54-2-22-cseeee= 178 sadinayClnp ea eee eee == eee 420 WtREIN GIS ee eee aaa 420 sagas) Clipeaeeeer esa. eee eer 423 Pat SONIC NUNS peer leer 1416 ancylodon --.--..--- 1416, 2859 sagitta, Amblyopus ..---------...-. 2263 Etheostoma---.....-.------ 1080 Poecilichthys)-225--------=- 1081 AAW S-Saoecocassnecese 711 yntlastes ss s9e essa 2263 sagittula, Euctenogobius..-----.--- 2229 (Cn) pesocscesdeescesce 2228 Sal an eer ashe sae eee ae eee ee 508 saida, Boreogadus.-..-------.------ 2533 Gadus! hs2e esses s-- eee ees 2534 set OT OU ere tereiota a= ae 1691 WiSaulitis hies=se=ses sae S eee eet ,- 167, 890 Sailor’s Choice.-.----------- 1297, 1338, 1858 Sal ates eae ae See eee eet 483 lO WiST esp asee ee eee eae ei 493 SVL UM BLS terete eee l= stelenieet =e 495 3090 Index. Page Salarh Salmo seseeeessaee esac eee 486 OusnANnI Cheeses e === 487 SObaPOs 22 sense ssee sae 487 Salarisa cosa scterase ores assem 2377 Salarias's-s2csec2ccsccccesesaccessen 2397 atlanticus'->s.2<--2- 42255202 2397 chiostictus=22----2-5----+=- 2398 margaritaceus ..----------- 2399 rubropunctatus ........--- 2396 textilisisesse sto e seer ee 2400 Salarntichthyspesssa-= sees eee 2400 texbhilisssesseceee nce == 2400 Salariinse 225.26 See os seeseeeee= 2346 Salarius vomerinus <22222..-----5-5 2400 Hilulltiy en aaospcogedaAccmooKARES: 508 Saleimaiice ese saeee sae se eo eee eter 1384 RUTH ewes eres este eee 1386 Salemasse sc ccsesesoneteeeae 1358, 1359, 1385 saliens, Chorinemus:.-..-..-..----- 899 Oligoplites!2+=-2322222-=2 = 899 palometa. -.-.-- 899 Scomber : 22. 022:s22222sss2- 899 Sains pPalusetsce-eees-ee ees e eee 1360 Sallgi PAu @anseaa-/-s «s-\-220se=es=2 212 Ceratichthtystssss-s¢-- so~ 2 - 212 Chiols+ <2. sess es soe 212 Hudsonius\ssssne seen eee ee 212 | Salmarinus, Salmo -2-2->=-=----s-- = 509 | Salini0\.22¢ teckc Poser eeee reese acceee 483, 486 | adirondacuseesaeee esses eee 505 AP ASSUA Ee eeeiee seen slel eee elses 507 alipessecceecsssoe tees escccise 509 alleghaniensis -.-.-.....---.. 507 alpinus ss cee es eee ee 509, 514 Nivalis ss ..- 509, 510 TIiviMlavis*sesccee accesses Sees 500 TOMS esses Soe ateee Seles 510 TUPMUSMe ce eeeesasstiae este sees 509 Salaries sacsceaasecsssee toe 486 oQuananiche=----4--=2--- 487 Neba@ Ole eneneaaeserin== = 487 Salmarinus:s2s2cclss-c=-6-=- >= 509 Sabyelimusssssson- sores seas 509 sanguinolentus...-...------- 481 SLI See a seems iicieaaia'a = 537 | SCOMLELINSe ee seeaseass sence (215; 40) | Salmonete...--. Salmo'siscoOwetiac=--44--22-2-ecsee> Siskawlivesaces ss cesses cee= socialis spectabiliss=- 52. ss. 4-5 5=se Stagnalisy.ccecoss erence stellatugtes oa. sa aoseaede see strighuse: 22. sdo- ace e eee eee BYMINCUICHS).-- 5 = see ae tapdismay.- 225.2. sss seceerre (LThymallus) signifer BODL Moa oe ae oan cece eeeeee fraAChinus sss se eee truncateses son. see scenes truadtba® s—= == 1454 opercularis-..-..----------- 1461 ophioscion -.--------------- 1448 oscitans:..-.---------- Serials 1441 3096 Index. 10 | : Page. Scimnarosculae-ceseceeeseresesceses 1484 plumierisesjcse case. 452 -eeee 1324 PUNCtalarmasre sean eee 1434 TonChuUs) 2-2-2 2)-ses5.520s0e~ 1436 rubellaseas-cee tees soe eeee 1418 PUD] Sons beees sees eee 849 | SAGUTNS 2: Soe secs eee eee — 1456 SCOTS 25. ssecccewteteeccsse 1452 squamosissimus. --..---.--. 1418 stellifers-ts-scseecscseecese 1444 (Stelliferus) stellifer -.....- 1443 SULINAMENSISe cee ee 1420 byplear seas sce eee eee 1448 undecimslisme=sseeeaeeeeoee 1119 | VEEMICULTISyossee eee ee 1452, 1453 xantharus\ ss 5-sces ce ee 1459 Sclenids tu swe he ae teues seeeeee es 1392 Scisnops': - 225226 c/-/t soeeec sesso 1453 | ocellatus ois ss-c-c22 see 1453 SIGHS ISO ETE nas sceototocesecosase- 1452 | scierum, Etheostoma-..-......-...--. 1038 scierus, Hadropterus..-----.....--- 1037 | serrula-.---.. 1038 Ophiosciont=-eee ees eae 1452 | CILENS Breer ee ees ee eseee oer 1180 scirenga, Mycteroperca ---.---..... 1181 scituliceps, Synodus .--.........-- 537, 2826 Seitulus; Prionotus sees--eeee eee 2157 sciurus; Diplectrum-~.-. --..--22--- 1204 Hgenul oneeeeee sees eee eee 1303 SOLLANUS eee see ee eee 1204 SPARES eecmeciine =e ssseeee 1304 | Scleoninwja-2-o-ee cise soe ee ese 1394 Sclerodermiceeanencosceee eee 781, 1697 Sclerognathussasaacse eee eee eres 163 cyprinella-....-..... 164 elongatus -..-....... 169 meridionalis -.....-. 164 WPUS = 5. s jacesse swe 165 | scofieldi, Stolephorus ..-.......... 2814 | Scolecosomase=--=-sescsesenee eens Scollodone sts 3532526 casos ase ee sees 42 lon'guriolsss------eee eee - 42, 2748 | LtOrrwe-NOVE «22-2 252--0555 * 43) | scolopacea, Nemichthys....-....---. 369 scolopaceus, Nemichthys-.-.-......- 369 scolopax, Balistesis-c---2s----=2-52" 759 | Centriscusiess. ses eee 759 Macrorhamphosus ..-.-...- 759 | Scolopsis sayanus.........-. Besse’ 787 | Scombers2:*-an4ssrasene essences ae 865 | adscensioniseeasaseeeesene 927 alatungae ssc sesecseseees 871 albacores*=ssansee seater ee 870 alleteratoussseeeeee teeters 869 ASCONSIONIS ss-sesse eee ee 925 Page. Scomber balantiophthalmus.......- 911 bisus sss sae Te oe eee 867 CAT ANP OS Seamer iat= ete ate iotel tert ate 920 Chloris. 2.3 22e Pes steserere 938 Chrysurws! 2252. 5---2-es555 938 Colias:s!8e. ssdenc cee 866, 2843 crumenophthalmus -...--- 911 CLYSO8ts22 25> eee ee ee eeeee 921 dekayitea222c2teccmssceee 867 dentex /2-t.-e—=—e—e == 22 profundorum .-...--. 22 Peter. - as ese see 25 NSC yar etapa atleast 22 retiferum. ----- jsaliee gcse 25 VenUtrlosuml:-cssse ===. =.= 25 Scymnoid Sharks -...-..-----.--.-. 56 Scymuus brevipinna -..---.-------- 57 SON ADUMI sos ot sede cones esSdceoes 774 DS GSS rete eee eee ele aed 931 DSS Ys ea TS rele eer 932 Scytalichtinysiee==-eeeeeeee===eeeen 387 MVUUTUS eee see 387 SSC bel LIE ete ete lee eae ee 2454 cerdalesesice-s-esscseee == 2454 S@y baling diese = eenee eee eee aeieteraa 2453 STAVE INC OWE sos soc Sos cosrerebosnse 2454 Sev talophis@ass- see = eeese eee eee e as 381, 384 mapnioculiss-.--.-s2s<2 6555 1817, 1818 dallin =: 25. 1818 SHLOL Wome see eens = See 1802 BYTES ieee ees iaeaos = a= 1808 DTEVISPINIS moc ~ 22 -/= 1787 GaPCNSIS= = 55-2 \ace= 35-5 1833 Canines) :ecspssossBapee 1824 S \CAMMINMNS > sasee ss ~ = 32 5 = 1821 chlorostictus ...-.-....- 1811 chrysomelas......-.-- 1825, 1826 CUIRbUS 22s ss eee 1783, 1784 constellatus --.---.-....: 1806 CTAMCM 222-2. = see oe 1799, 2860 GanywiNiteessceccacesaose 1832 diplopraae-e- ce 2-2 =. i801 eigenmanni...--..----.- 1789 CIBE Gincserddscoéssbace 1830 elongatus ..-.------..--. 1815 entomelas 2222. 222s-2 1785 GOS) soHienk decocssepocasss 1810 HavAGUS|s= seen ce emeee\ 1781 | pl Pettis === )e ieee 1823 pilles o Pe cee see cense see 1811 Page. Sebastodes glaucus ...........--... 1777 Pood eieee eee esos ee 1779 hopkamasiiess sacscae 1789, 2860 INOLMISS= sacs see e ses 1829 introniger -.-........... 1805 jordani =~ 2-2 .ssss255<~ 1778 JOVEN sn 18 lecose ose ta 1829 levis i petetececcareeeaes 1816 macdonaldivee-sesssese— 1786 Mali ger). 3. 5 secs severe 1822 matsubare..---- 1796, 1833, 2860 melanops: .-----o---=- 1782, 1783 melanostomus.--...--.-.. 1803 miniatas <2. -ssoessse 1794 Mitzi assess see 1831 By SUMS same eeeee 1784, 1785 Nebulosus i; -se.ceeee- = se 1826 Rigrocinctus =. --------\ 1827 NLVOSUS i scaseccssce ssc 1833 oblonguste.-=-/seeeoe= se 1830 oculatusy.-coaseeceeeee 1832 OV alist sa esecsecse see 1788 paucispinis............-. 1780 PINOT = seeeeiae ee 1793, 1794 BrOvIPelesso=-eeeae 1787, 1792 rastrelligerises-eecie= 1819, 1820 rhodochl orissa-2s-2- 1809 TOSACCUSe ee teem aeniete ete 1808 ruber....-- eee eee eee 1806 Se CUDSLEIMUS) eee eeeeee 1805, 1806 rubrivinetus:.-2-2-se.-= 1817 TRUS eer ee Eee 1786, 2860 PM PCStlIs ee eee eee 1812 SaxiCola. sossceseseee eee 1798 schlogelite ss. sige 1834 semicinctus .-.---.--..- 1800 SOLTANOIG CS ee aeeeeeee 1782 SCLLICOPS) 1-5 o= lne ae ee 1827 BiNlenSIS eee see ster 1813 steindachneri ..------.. 1830 taczanowskii..--..--- 1831, 2860 trivittatus:--------+s.-- 1834 Umbrosus-s----2--=--==- 1807 VeNTICOSUS 5=--=5 <-s0<5 1829 vexillaris:s.s2-2--s6- <0 1821 Sap eS eee see e ee eee 1835 zacentrus ...--..----- 1814, 2860 ls Sebastolobusiss-= seen s aren eee eee 1761 aascanus sas-.cs2 oe 1761 altivelis .......--.---- 1763 | MACTOCHIE sss sceeeee 1763 \"Sebastomus’<-2-2--.--+---2-- 1765, 1775, 1805 Sebasto plies) sem esate ee eeiatelelatters 1854 dactylopterus ...-.---- 1837 SODASTODSIS t= = seen e ee eee 1835 AVR IS ese ee eee ae 1835 3100 Index. Page. Sebastosomus seesess sees ses 1765, 1774, 1781 Pinner! -sesaee es 1794 Simmlans Wee ase siee le 1783 seco; uxilus. ----2s.<-seenssssee eee 250 NeCtalOnsesseeas sae eee eee eee aes 1389 OC YUTUS~-----= eee 1389 sectatrix, Kyphosus....--.......... 1387 IPOLCaseeeaaeeee eee eee 1388 Mmavina)=esee ee set 1388 secundo-dorsalis, Thynnus.--------- 870 secundus, Carangops ----------- Re 914 Cara eaee en eneereee ee 914 Hemicaramx = -2--s--s--= 914 sedentarius, Cheetodon -.-...---.---- 1675 Sarothbrodusees-=-2 === 1675 Seemann ATINS- 4. -22easeeeeeree = 2772 Galeichthys::-------.- 2772 Hexanematichthys -- -- - 128 TDachisurusmes-eeres se 129 segaliensis, Brachyopsis.----------- 2048 Siphagonus ...........- 2048 Syngnathus...-.......-. 2048 SO GEG Oeste le ee etl 914 Selacheyees. secasiciecee ose eeeae 51 MAKING yo seae Sesser eee 51 Selachii: == 25. 222decs-2e2ecnee= se 15 selachops, Apterichthys ---.---.--- 374 Ichthyapus -.--=..-..-.- 374 Sphagebranchus -.-.----- 374 | Selachostomi:=--2so.c an--os cscs 100 Selachus maximus\=--eees-=-se-e——— 51 Selanonius@e2=-eas---eee eee 49 walker =)-<2)-secescencine 49 selanonus, Squalus ...--.---.------ 49 Selar 22322 seenet oes eae see cae 916, 918 | Selaroide@s2: 22: sseus2ecns< seneceanes 916 HElLENaSPIS ferent ee ae eee eee 119 Selenaspis es ----sesa--—-= 120, 124, 2760 ‘ dows os. -33sfeeee ee 125 GOWAls ssea-steet ses ess 2761 lnveverAierteatl So noe oe eae 124, 2760 lunisenbisees = eeceees 125 PARKCL 255-2 sce hese 125, 2764 Selenescnccsessetensteceesreescee.cc 935 ARCO aise eee 936 @ratediiease oes ~ see peeeeee 935 quadrangularis .2----.---.- 1668 Seulpinnis ose s ees 934 VOMO e = Sees ries ee eee ae 936 selene, Carpiod 6s ossss---—--s5-s-— 167 Jib oll teascoasooacsecmesks 3 269 Minnilnsy2 secesem cose reese 269 Notropis hudsonius..--...-- 269 selenops, Hu0dOn Seseeae =a ee 414 sellaris, Acanthocottus..........--- 1998 Porocottus=<-22-ee=ec--2 see 1996 sellicauda, Epinephelus ........--.- 1155 Sellifer Halichmresisee esses eect ee 1592 Rridion 3 set stas fapetGs see ue 1592 sem, | Caran. 22-2 pose caeeemeeeente 923 SOMA 2 Ste ssacee se eee ee eee = 1498 SigMULOl aces eeioeiea =e 1499 | semiarmatus, Gasterosteus --...-.- TAT semicinctus, Gillellus --............ 2298 IHialichweresiss-ese— eee 1593 Tridio. 22 sees css ter 1592 Wise wos seeeene sees 1593 Platyglossus...-....-. 1593 Sebastodess--eresecee. 1806 semicoronata, Seriola......-...-.-.- 904 Semicossyphus pulcher .----.-.--.- 1585 semifasciatum, Pileoma ..--...-...- 1027 Prigkis?--ieceas dese 31 semifasciatus, Serranus .--...-..-.. 1197 semiloricatus, Gasterosteus ..-...-- 747 sSemiluna, Sparus esse esaeeeeeeee 1276 seminolis, Fundulus..-.........---- 647 Seminuda, Al bulams-seeseeee sees ce 412 Mleotris sahzeesseeeees eee 2204 Garmannigusesseeese eee 2233 Gala: Se sae soe eee 228 Gymneleotris ..-........ 2204 senunudusGobius =p eee eae 2234 Gymneleotris .......--- 2204 Ibycodes 22se- ce ase - cane 2468 semiradiatus, Lepisosteus ----..-.--.- 110 Semiruber, Labrusesseseessseee oe see 1583 semiscaber, Cottopsis-.....-----.--. 1950 Cottons 22 cesiceee- oe 1949 semiscabra, Cottus centropleura. - -- 1945 Wranideaee-seeneeseoes 1950 semispinosus, Caranx -...----..---- 911 Semitapiciscs] 228, 231 Hammer-headed.----------- 43 El hee ae ete eer 233 Mackerel. ....-.-.---- eae 47 CLaSsSical ae -a- een a= 231 Mian-eater ------------------ 50 longiceps ------.------------ 283 Nong anoidass-454 se 22st m1 16 | sicana, @ermnansa saeco acest 1162 PNB GR nace t telactes omeieata tie 25 | siccifer, Holocentrus.:..-.-...----- 849 3104 Index. sicciferum, Holocentrum........... 850 sicculum, Chirostoma....-......--- 806 sicculus, Labidesthes...........--.- 805 siculus, Lampugus.......---.-.--.- 953 SiGyaeeesese sree a eere ene seers 2207, 2867 Sicyasesi<-ccoceoseoseceelee 2329, 2330, 2336 CaLnGUS. seer nicmae eaten emeae 2337 fAsCiatUssesasso cee esses 2338 punctolatuss2-2-5:-e-s==- 2338 TUbLSINOSUS. s= cesses -- 2337 TUPOStPIS Sac ce sone ese 2341 Sicy@iin@ errr anaes eee 2190 SIGy (aM eee sees e eta 2205 antillarnm=se==e-eeses= 2206, 2867 gymnogaster .--.-......-. 2208 plumiorivesss--se-see ee 2206, 2867 punctatum............-.. 2867 Hal ind eee eee ec 2208 SILAPUS ee aedes cere ese 2206 Vincente =e cce- ec sss 2207 SICYO SAS LO see serie ee eee eee 2329 Sicyopterus gymnogaster .-..-..--- 2208 Salvini 2252220262 a2-i- 2208 SHARYASE Caccessbnge sce seacerooseass 2867 SO 60a ee eee oeee ee eae eae eee 392 CASsbane Menem cee seen eee eee 396, 2804 Chileyastesi= = sees eeaa—eetee 399 Ovi esse eee eee eee 397 fuNnebrissaascssarin sj aeeaeiae 396 MO ONC aaees ee eee ete 396 moringa...--- See eee 395 nigromarginata .........-..- 400 ocellataresee cesses eeeeaee 399 panamMensis:s-25.-222-.—- ese" 391 pleifferij: =. 22252. - occa cease 2838 Wamp rin ame Se see ace sr 1468 sinesis, Sebastichthys .-.---.------- 1814 NODASUOUES) 25 se cee sae ares 1813 Sn CT Un S Nie eerie ae nee Sere ae a 2321 Sinuatus, Merluccius -.---..------.- 2530 ON pO Settee eteaee = =e = aoe = 2046 DarbakeSeta-ceuesseesee 2050 segaliensis. -=-.----=-~.- 2048 iphatelescss..sc- ass enesen as soenee 243 VOUT TS Bde aerSc eeeee ae 244 SIphostoma—--<=-5= 925-2 -)--- > 761, 763, 2837 SUMS Resets sar ae Pyee aisle 769, 770 AlbinGStre= = sca<.- 2-5-2 772 en CMU ere eo eater eee 771, 2838 MS CENGENS - 4-252 e cn 768 MUMISCUS. .cs2s22ccc5c%=- 767 baindianwiMe. =... --— "= 765, 770 banbarier. sco sor esse: 765 brachycephalum -..---- 769 californiense--.-.-------- 764 CarInaboM 22s -eciascs 763 Cayennense . ------.--- 172 Guinywaaqni eaeeeSsogeace 771 Page. Siphostoma elucens ............---- 768 fistulatum -....-2---..- 765 favivOstre a=. se -eeeeee 768 floridie= =e /sacseseeccs 766 AUS CUI ore se same ome 770 griseolineatum ........ 764 ONES ssaaer tema: 768, 2837 leptorhynchum ........ 764 linea, i222 asec eee 768 lowisians®\so--cesee eee 770 mackayltecmereccsea ce 766 marmoreum -.......-.- 763 pelagicum sosssseeses= 767, 2837 pictoravum sees eee 768 DOCYii-ccccceseect oe cee 766 PUuNnctipinne esse eee 763 TObeLtsie ac asee see eee 2837 TOUSSOaUS = nee eee 767, 2837 ScOVelliin se cece eee 769 BINALOB S22 sa eeeesasece 2838 StarkSiso. cee een eee 771, 2838 ZALTODIS sen a ae 772 SITASUSMOIGY CIO eae eae eeeesiee's 2206 SILA Ose sigs coca sesemaceecese 2206 Sirembo guntheri .-.......-... een ee 2523 sisco, Argyrosomus artedi.......-- < 469 Sisco of Lake Tippecanoe..-...---. 469 siscowet, Cristivomer namaycush -- 505 Salmoerer:. veces seems 505 Salvelinus namaycush -.- 505 SIskeawabZ) SALMO se sea eae ee eee 505 sluslawi, Weuciscuses- cece reece eee 2797 Skates Barng@ 0orseeen eee eee eee 71 Bi Gee eee ete ee eee 68, 72 Common 225-5 25552 5542s 68 Ett OR eeee eee eee 68 SEAatOS cies soc oee- eese a ea eee 15, 66 SkeponopodUssa-2==s-asee- eee sees 891 USDC ees a= 891 UN) OW) Saceesensoae 892 skib;-Pomatomusi----------sc soso" 947 Skoila ce can tena oa eee ee eee ees 1862 Sil Si ShOSes-see ee eee eee eee 1861 Skimback:.2-.:-2sscesscesen=-osees 167 SL Stay Pelle wyeconbeesosoneaas 425, 805, 872, 946 Sal DP Ole ee eee ee eee eee 725 SHO WUGZ e-em ieee ela = ieee coir 480 lee peles eas aaee eee eet 2194, 2200, 2216 Shar kee sees 57 Sim Greeee nee eeeeae eee eee eee 2315 Slippecye Wie kia seen aes ener 1595 SH ae cobsocaacesotheesedoc 2655 sloanei, Chauliodus: --22-.-----2+ 42 - 585 Scomber-j--- a5. eco 870 sloami= eiobatus)=s..2-- soca e aes 81 Rajanescwcotcce: once see 81 3106 Page. Small Black Lamprey..--.-...-.----- 13 Blindfish=sesveseeeeeee cee oe 704 Catiish:2s2o25.56 So S2k as ace 140, 141 Dolphin: =-222-2-.cces-- ss s2e- 953 Small-mouthed Black Bass-..-...--- 1011 Buffalo seas sees 164 Small-scaled Gurnards -....----..-- 2175 Smaraedinsesecese ae eestor 2210 costalesi: <2525.22s0s-=-= 2225 stigmaticus ......-..... 2224 valencienneéi ..-..---.--- 2228 smaragdas, Eleotris .....-...---.--- 2204 Gobionellus!=--2.-----—- 2228 Gobilisizsaseeeren sees 2227 SMATIS\< odes cc seas scee ce aes oe ees 1364 lineatus<22 28 Ssc2e2e ae 1378 MAaNbiMiCU Sse cree ee ee eae 1365 Smear Dabiesse-nceseees see nS ae 2653, 2654 Smecticusis.c.22-22=\2esee5 22s ce 1229 picolore sa sesesesee eee a 1232 Smelt,Aumericane--sseeseoee seater 523 California cs= seen eee ese 806 Cobessicontic .---------.---- 524 Kodiak?: ven teen cena aceeeeee 2823 | Dit hee aac seen eee 807 | Pond 222 soe sass oes oee 525 Wiltonice2e es eee oceeeneee 523 Smelt of the New York Lakes-...-- 468 Smeltsy-- 22> senc seen oes eee eee ee 519, 522 Surin sere ce eae sober 524 smiridus; Merluceius 22--.---4---5- 2530 smiphi;, Carcharodon’=--2-2-2--22- 50 smithii, @liola.-.-.-.---....- sees SS 253 Cyprinus (Abramis?).-.--.-- 413 Smooth Cabezon’--2-------s2e-a5- =. 2012 HMOunGs ate eee eee 29 Putter -c22a-cec ooo eee 1728 smyrnensis, Gobius ..........-...-. 2118 | SnailiiSearese-s- see eee 2105, 2114, 2116 © SnukersBlenniestensesnesasseeessee 2435, 2438 Mel swe cse sees s aoe eee 372 Mackerel See acccaccccceseee 883 Snap Mackerel 3o-a.---o-seee ence 946 SNA DDC Bee eet eee eee 1760 Black-fint2-csceeseeterccce 1261 DO Se eeesee eee ene eee 1257 Giraiysensneneese eee 1255 Mane cas seca erect 1270 Mahogany, 2-2-2 sae. 1272 Mangroves ne =a ses 1255 Redes sass sae ese 264 Red=tailiz)../szstoeste eee 1270 Silks ee ee eee ae eee 1262, 2858 Snap DOUSeee eee ae eee 1241, 1247 ShipewMeleecct. eer eee eee 366, 369 TPO 0 aeete ees tetas ate 714 Index. Page. SUUpPCLShes seer eee eee eee 758 Snip-nose Mulletes-3-55-s5se-eeee 964 Sn0okess 225.555 sais Sas sacec ec eecaee 1118 Snub-nosed Hels\s 3222-522 -seensace 348 snyderi, Catostomus ..---..:-2--.-- 2792 Gnathypops:22-22ss-225=0- 2285 Oligocottus’ >2255--2-=:-2=- 2871 Soapfishsscis. sacs soeergasoee 538, 1229, 1232 SODSCOs secs soos eee 1705, 1706 sSobaco,;-Balistessarescscete eee eeeeee 1706 Canthidermis ..-...-------- 1705 |: Solbacos Aztk es 2 oases ee eee ee 1705 sobra, Mesopriont: sss seesess= ears 1266 SOcialise Salmo eee ee eee eee eee 521 socius, Al burns sssse-ceer ee ese 292 Notropisi@-s-s-seease-recses 292 | socorroense, Thalassoma-..-...-.. 1608, 2859 socorroensis, Chlorichthys. --.----. 1607 Soft Mlounderssseosscss cece eee 2679 sogo, Holocentruss--cns- see eee necee 849 SOAK a Fas ie csonosacseceeeo aes nee 1830 Gomaed. fsa as cb teese eee 1833 Kun snsetr oc ces tee cae oreeee ee 1834 SHIM As sot ec cee sees eeeee ees 1834 solandri, Acanthocybium -.--...--- 876 Cy biumi 432-5 sees ee 877 Gempylusms--=-seeeseee = 883 solaris, Orthragoriscus..-..--.---.- 1754 Soldadoiese a cess sees eee eee ee 848 Soldier Mish: cs ass ccs secs s eee eae 1088 \ Sole; Agmericancascssasececseeoase 2700 Californiaressses-e- JSS eee 2613 Tong-tinne dss oases ae 2658 Mexicanecos. ts aessceereeceae 2698 NaAnUDIOLO = eee ese eee 2707 SL PPeLyies= nae eee eee nee 2655 SOG ates Sc cabotcasdeocnscobasscesoe 2660 aChiTus-chs- a. eee eee eee 2702 DEOWNIeR ses eee eee eeeeee 2701 CYMNOZIOSSaAe es s-s eee ee ae ee 2657 fimbriataies= ccs sense sees 2700 HiSCheTi sera oeee ee eee 2700 forseCensis-- a2. se eee ee 2699 STON VE ses aan me sae ee 2696 TSO wh UE aonanasoosecussoacse= 2696 FLOM 7AN SCY temas else ee ae 2697 MACHIpMMI Sse see eee 2698 mazavlana oes. sess ase ee 2699 PanamMensis)-.2--24 ess see 2702 pilOsa sce. sewers te eee 2699 Pebicnl ata sees se eee 2696 SCULRM.|- sca: tee aase= = voce ee 2700 S0lea,) Caran xen ae eee een eee ane 927 Soleidss: so-s2 ce seco sees. sates 2692 Solenostoniusis22- os osee eee eee 754, 756 soleceformis, Aramaca ...-........-. 2672 L[hdex. Page. soleceformis, Hemirhombus .-....--. 2672 RHOmMpaS ee -—eessee =. 2672 SMIEGIAU 605560536 Sooasceesessuoes 2702 OU COLO Lae eetae ator tetninict= 27038 S6 LOS ener sree ies ees emiaesnclvers 2692 PAMTTOTICAM ecm a\iee=iss~\oeeicleie 2693 solis, Lepomis auritus .....--..---.- 1001 POmMObism es ----- 6 Seeeeeisea Geis 1001 SS OTE Kite etstetetete sl atsirlnleteiisiaiaioeieieat = 2818 | MOMMENOS IND ee ete tie ne a oeic soe sine sini 56 | OTINTOSUS ie eas se eee eee eee = oe 56 brevipinna ....-..-.---- bin microcephalus....-..---- 57 somnolentus, Eleotris .-..-.-------- 2198 LEIS ogg ach cananSe 1236 | sonntagii, Chironectes -...-.-..----- 2717 sonore, Scopena ..-..------.------- 1852 sonoriensis, Girardinus .-..-.-.----- 689 soporator, Gobius'--..-.---.----.-.- 2216 SOLCOLOUS eer sear aac eis ce eleisiessasie-'= 364 BONG da MOUTON A ence aseite secs === 403 Orthopsetta;ss-5---22----=1 2680 sordidus, Citharichthys -.-----.---- 2679 Psettichthys -----.------- 2680 | WierilUsessee' sesaocieeccieist 1284 | SOUPS batkecset ee ieee nee 32 Southern Flounder. -....--.------.-. 2630 BOGS vie eee 1346 Pntteneens- eee oem 1732 | SiN Oe Rayeeee ee eee eee ‘ 86 Striped Gurnard .....-...- 2168 NAC Gaus eee see ae ae 101, 1666, 1668 spadicea, Dionda ......-.----------- 216 Wea Clb ae saree i=- = 13 | spallanzani, Isurus--.-.....--------- 49 ATTN) hates rarer arate 49 Leptocephalus. ---.---- 354 Oxymhinaeesecereeeenees 49 Spanish Flag ......-----.--- 1139, 1140, 1817 lo patishites see et) — === 1583 ad iyedtS Waele ae ae at 1583 IMackerelesaen-a.: === -- 874 of England ..... 866 Sa AC HOU 0 Watenate ela eet ia 946 | TV nN A eee eyasae meat lee 947 DS eee oa alte ete 1498 DIG ere eee eta le tele 1343 Spariform Percoids --...--.-------- 1241 Sa GL eee eee eee 1343 STEINER QenogsecHenensas 1625, 1627, 1630 abildgaardi--=..--.------ 1635 aracanga ...-------.----- 1642 alLomariUmM)s5. 2-5-5421 1631 aurofrenatum .....------ 1634 iprachialejer sae eaeeee se 1641 QUE (0 Se aecigesnceso=e- 1638 3107 Page. Sparisoma catesbyi-.---...---------- 1638 chrysopterum. --....--. 1636, 1637 Gyanolene)-\.= eee eae 1142 falcatus¥=2.=46-se2sseose 1585 Maller es eeeeee ae eee aerate 1355 MP6 eee eae eee eee 960 Oblong Uses = peeee sees 2276 OTbiteniusjeesses ee eee 1350 Gvicepheluste tenses cesar 1361 PAS TUS seca = teeta linol 1357 probatocephalus. .--...----- 1361 TEGIEES secs sasSnopcadenonec 1596 Tal eee esciae ae eeeeee ie 960 THOMPOI eS ee =m eee see 1358 Sain sess oes elaatretels 1360 SAT PSUS ete lete alee le lait 1364 SCHUIGUS eee eee eeeeaaeeeeee 1304 Senn alee ee eee meee 1276 synagris....---------------- 1271 tetracanthus -------------.. 1257 VELMiCUlaTISs sq sela scene = 1271 Win Sin CUS = <= —-(- === === 1323 Se fea es teat ele Pate 1323 xanthurus..............-.-- 1346 3108 L[hdex. ‘ Page | Page. spathula, Polyodon sses---=-5--=--> 101 Spheroides farthits ss. -s-seceeeer eee 1737 Squalus seseceeeece-se= 102 lobatus® Ssteaees seer 1731, 1732 spatula, Lepisosteus .......--..---- 111 MACULALUS =. seamse iam la 1733 iP lamMinosirasecesernereeceee 102 | marmoratus ........ wees 1734 Spatularigssssaes seme eecc ase cate 101 pachygaster.......----- 1738 reticulata s--ce- ssc = - 102 spengleri: = =< s-5---5-- 1732, 1733 SD a wil Cave Lee aeme eel ee sae eee 269 festudinenus 12.22.26 o-5 1734 Speartishieaeseecceeeeeeeeneaoee 167, 891, 892 | annulatus- - 1736 Spearing, Ground ..........--.-..-. 533 | trichocephalus .....---- 1737 speciosa, Gambusia ...-.-..--..---- 6315 | Sphoerodiasi@es see se-eeseceeeeee aoe 1729 speciosus; Caranxes wanes = eeee 928") Sphiyreenae-setece-nscneeseceeeees ee 822 Gnathodon ------.-- 2... - 928 VOUS see ssecaet eee ence 717 IAD) oS oSceeomssacce 1006, 1008 AP eNtOa, = 525. sess se enctae 826 SCOMPeteeeneeseeee eases 928 | aAUTCOVATICIS eoseeee see 1119 Nemo glint =e =e eeeerere 222 | barracuda... see -e see 2841 DGC Keeee renee eee e seeet eee aeeeee 1047 beCuNa oaiac cieneeceseenoes 823 Speckled Hindi} s2seerescese eee a= 1159 boréalisve-s.cascceeeesees 825 Prout. eee ee eee 508 ONSIS| Hose feegaseee eee 824 of Lake Crescent -- 2821 forsteri/ssea:=sseeeee es ece 824 spectabile, Etheostoma cceruleum.- 1088 guachanchoeess-eee-eeee 824 spectabilis, Peecilichthys .......--- 1089 Puntheri-s-cser eee eee 824 Salmobeesecaeensereere 508 lmeasanale- =e eee eee 826 Salvelinus!:..-2--2--2-- 508 Picud a sasstaeesne eee 823 spectrum, Careproctus.-.-...-.--.- 2133 | picudillas eee... aac 824 Wophinstseessseoe eee 2723 SPOb.cae~aeci- ete cemeces ss 826 Osmerus mordax -------- 523 Sphiyneenaneseee eee on 823, 826 spectruncula, Cliola ........-..----- 265 | WinideScens === ss28 = s)= = 826 spectrunculus, Hybopsis ..----.---- e205 ViUlOAnis|sasee aaeeeeee eee 826 INObrLOpIsises--ae-se- 265) |/jsphyreenas RO Kess esse see eee ae 826 speculiger, Exoccetus .-.........--- 734 Sphyrenass- sss eeeerse 823, 826 Exonanutes -...---..-..- 2836 | sphyrenarum, Echeneis ....--...-- 2268 speculigera, Lampadena ..-----.-.-..- BUENAS) ale areers Ob) ease amecaote sSoracmecne 822 spelzeus; Amblyopsis -----.--2---=- f0GM i Sphiy reno pss seasse esses eee ee 1114 spengieri, Spheroides .....-....-- 1732, 1733 | bairdianus! 3-25.--5-5-4- 1114 Tetrodonl-3.--ss sess 7339 laine eee eee SoS 43, 44, 45 Spots cssee soe sa ne aac mate eels ter 826 | tIbULO =e sce ee ese a snceee 44, 2748 SpetMHsOR. sa. soe cetacean ese 826 | tudes y= sie ncn sce eee ese 44 Spb Leen aes a eseeeeesaaes ei 826 BY COON Gece ae meee eeee 45 Spheeminaeaa- esas esa ee see 822) |\Sphiyrnidiee 2-2-2 ase. soc s meee sean 43 Spheeroides furthi-=---5.-- 3. -95-4- 1737 | SDICRLA seein sane cen eeeioae eee eee 1864 DOM US Sas Sees nie c= 1736 | Manbinica -2- 22 sees ee 1564, 1365 trichocephalus..-...-.- 1738.) Spikefish:< 2-22. 22.2225: .:s2scesees= 891 tuberculatus.-.-.....-- 1733 | spillmani, Alvordius --.-....-..---- 1039 Sphagebranchus)-ce= eeeecReres 49 | ‘Squirrel-fish ..-...-:....- 845, 847, 1203, 1207 Dlatyod Onis. seseee ae 300 PQ UIETO hk Cen eee meee ee ee 2555 punctatus csaseee es cesses 26,43 | stadthouderi, Serranus..-.-..-...... 1159 punctulatus=----22s-s55-—- 26 | stagnalis, Salmo.................... 510 rashleighanusie-eese ees. === 57 | Salvelinnsi.- seers ss-2ee 509 Index. Page. stagnalis, Salvelinus alpinus -.-.-.- 510 Rialanp laser a iratalar =)=isleieioie = =.= 1423 IM ONOSIR Ayes sacs sacs aici 1423 SPAM OOD LS = sees = ee ale oma ola a= 2332 Star-gazers..----------------------- 2305 HIGCULLO ee ae ceelae = 2306 Saul beyerrere cts yon rateia.civie sis 2297 Star-headed Minnow ..-.----.------- 656 starksi, Siphostoma-.-...-.--------- = yep Stolephorus -..--.......--- 2814 S fear RSI ae eats clas leis aisisteiai-icicicisisiein'ee = 2365 cremnobates ....-------- 2365, 2366 starksii, Siphostoma ...--..----.-.. 2838 Starry Ploumders=-----------.------ 2651 Stathmonotine--------------------- 2347 Stathmonotus .----.--.-.------_-_-. 2408 hema phan eS sae 2408 stearnsi, Blennius..-.....--------.-- 2379 Convwainasess= eee eee =e 1458 Woavlanus eee eee Seen 1256 IEA TINS! S4doacHseooesesoe 1257 [PTO TOUS ster ere este leretereiats 2166 RoncadOreces-eee eee 1457 SCO co aise ee esate 1843 stearnsii, Seriola .--..-.------------ 903 Steel-backed Chub --.------:-------- 205 Steelheadeeccceer set eacacseleceeis ce 497 stegophthalmus, Agonus..--.------- 2036 steindachneri, Chlorichthys - - ------ 1609 DaabaAsisweseesee ease 1302 skal Gee cosoeas 1301 Ophioblennius ------ 2401 Rhinoptera..-....-..- 91 Sebastes.------------ 1830 Sebastodes --.-.-.-.--- 1830 Thalassoma -..---- 1609, 2859 Steindachnerella ....-..-----....--- 2567 Stemma ach ertamec smears tere ae 2567 argentea .-....-...- 2568 Steineperia--------«---------------- 960 PMDSSCOUS sacle (ose ale 961 SueIne Cer seers etc ee= --- 960 stejnegeri, Stelgistrum.-.-.........- 1921 stelgidolepis, Macrourus --.-------- 2585 SN OTS eee ate eel le elle latte 2067 VUSUS =.= Be ceeee cine) tees 2067 She 01S GON terete lalate tees = =i aioli 1921 stejnegeri ..-..--.--..- 1921 stelifera, Corvind.->-..2s..-.----<-<% 1445 Scizena (Stelliferus) --.----- 1443 PROG IMSIN Aes emcee eae islors ee 648 stellata, Platessa.......-- weenie 2652 stellatus, Apogonichthys. --.------- 1110 CBr AER. sae eee eee ere 926 Wa Osea semee eee eeietiacis 492 NIP ATIS] semis eeeat 2118 Page. stellatus) Mustellus):2>.-25--2se-ee 29 Platich thy sles secese eee 2652 Pleuronectes -.---------.- 2652 Stellaussoalmorecsccesse cease ences 493 stelleri; (Cottus=ss-cc- cose. seaee cee 1941 Coty lista. ~tee-e eee ose 2104 Cyclopterichthys -----.---- 2104 Cyclopterus|-----==-=----..- 2104 Hexagrammos........----- 1871 DAD LaXte sees eee eee 1872 Miparopseqcesss-seccsaseee ee 2104 Myoxocephalus.......--.-- 1981 Trichodones-+-eeecee seers 2297 Stellerina::22 hose kecwececeee Geeccies oe 2041 MYOSterna --.----------- - 2042 Stellicarenstsss-amacecm eae 1439, 1440, 1445 Shellufoneesesse ae serere ese eeeeeeee 1439, 1443 Catal PViocousoodocoeaconac 1444 fULGAI esse cece esa eo aiosee 1441 illecebrosus=.---- 2-2 s-2— =~ 1442 lanccolatns!s-2--4---5-e- ese 1443 ANI CLO DS eee eee eee 1445 MANOR secec sees eee eerie 1442 oscitans ...... Sener ce 1440 ptellifers ss oo. ceeetecsescese 1443 ZOSUOCALIS seins eines ce 1445 stellifer, Bodianus .........-..--... 1443 Hundulns|-ssseceeeeeeesee 648 SCN aes aac eee eeie eee 1444 Stelliferss-se-eeeeee eer oe 1443 stelliferoides, Bassogigas..-...--.--- 2516 Neobythites ..--....- 2516 Stelle Perea cece aa selenite 1153 Rhino batus)ssesssaseccee eee 2750 stellulata; Raja--. see -= =e 75 Stenobrachimssesss sees se see 561 ANGLED e055 see nese 569 COCCOlse see eee 569 SHGHIOU soc cosadesastnoodasssesasa> 473 macken7zil ----.---ssecee- 6 474 Stenogobius -.-------- 5... -- 2-3-1 2210 SUGMRIGMNDE, oSoSssoddecesesecesc0cc05 1345 aculeatus -eeceessaecae 1346 Gay Nabi Seshocsshesonaos 1345 chrysops--------------- 1346 Stephanoberycid@ ..-...----------- 835 Stephanoberyx ....-..-------------- 836 ull ese ene oes sees 836 NON Soe tetetaaleeetatatstontal 836 Stephanolepis ......------.--------- 1714 Sehileneeesoaseetiaaert 1716 stephanophrys, Prionotus .--------- 2161 Stereolepis .--:.-.---..-----------.- 1137 californicus ........--.- 1138 PCAs eee eee 1137 Sterletuswceceetes eer tcteeeteeieetem tr 103 Index. 3112 Page. sterletus, Averruncus......-------- 2071 Ceratichthys...-.-.------ 316 Stermiassee seer a -iseeeeeee na 1926 xenostethus......-.------- 1927 Sternoptychide ..-......----------- 603 StermmopbyX-oee = se eee eee 603 diaphana-....--------- 603, 2826 gardenii ..-..---------- 966 OTA Ae errata aa 603 mediterraneus -...------ 604 O)fetsia-sss-ee- eee =e 604 Sternopygus humboldti ----.-------- 341 Stermotremiaiss. =i 786 1sOlepisees-=-e eee 787 stevensi, Thaleichthys ------------- 521 Stichseingss-- es ece =e ee = ae 2349 StichUSttee seat ee eee ee 2439 aculeabUs)os> ss =~ = 2433 anguillaris =. ---2--------- 2436 enneagrammus -.---------- 2441 hexagrammus .--.-------- 2441 is ANCCUS eee eee eae eae 2439 THM pPenUsiaecee=--— = - = 2438 MACWIAbUS eos eee 2433 MOUS eecse sees = eee 2436 mubpilus=-<----- Short-nosed Sturgeons)-= 2... 2.2 ce = oe aa StuniOre cere ce coer o ae ea cenecns eee pyatnl en Serie eee ee Stuunio. Aci penser -=—-e—==-—a—- oes sturioides, Paragonus.....--------- Podothecuss=--—---=-<-— Stamisomar one see eee see a eae ee Stygicola...--.-.--------------.-- aa entatanes-e eee sees Gentavus: eee seal Stylephoridw ...--..--------------- Stylephorus......-..--------------- chordatus --<.<<-=-=--- stylifer, Hippocampus --.--.-------- Stypodon..-.--.....---------------- signifer SUSLEUS, Cala. acces seem sameeren SU vats Oli ON ies ete eleeelal= lalate lela Cyprinella ..-..----.------- subequalis, Corvilla ....-.:--.----- Corvinae.ssesee eee eee 178 Can plese ee eee eee eae 166 Columbia River -....------.- 178 Common. o-oeo=s-eeeese 178 Hastern Carpes---seeseeee 168 Bine-scaledeesesesaeee sas 178 Flannel-mouthed...--.-.-.-.-. 174 Gourd-seed..-.-.- 2222-23255 168 bare lips ee eeere eee 199 THOR epee aes eee 181 Hump-backed ---.-..--.---- 184 June, of Utah Lake .......- 183 Iharge-scaled22--=--eernes>= 192 Long-nosed’ <--.--- 2. ---=-5 176 Tin pees ee eee See eee 2096 VE Sy le eat 199 IMGSSOURISeeeeeereeeeen= ae 168 Northerneea-cs-aee ere 176 IP6a-lipe esses. ese eee ame 199 Rabbit-mouth=ea-sss=-s4-— 198, 199 Razor Wacken. se eee eee een 184 Re@ acoso Sane necesee ora 176 Sacramento) saseseee-se see 178 Sand eas sccccstacws cee eceee 1476 Split-mMouwthe ose 199 Pahoeseecee see eee == See aii WiebUGeees-s se eee eer 180 W hhitotet. Stee eee a eee 178, 192 Winters? sees ee bee eee 187 Suckereliee.o-eeeesee eae eee rere 168 Sucker-mouthed Buffalo.......---.- 164 SUCKERS epee eee eee eee eee 161 (OfiEt) Cooonscbepesascessssoc 165 (Oitnljaeskadasnneececocncesc 185 Hine-scaled-- 222-2222 <-e=- 173 pee eee ve 2094 IMOuUM TAIN ee err econ seer 169, 170 Suckers Spotted ------...---- ------ 186, 187 Wihite-nosedssees-. 4s sss 190 Suck-fish......--.------------------ 2328 Sucking-Gshi 22-22 =~ seer === 2269 suckin -Acanthias=---e-=ss=-- =- oe 54 Catostomus!-2-— ee o=-=- er 179 SHIMMER Gs ao Santee cobosseses: 54 DGS eee 54, 2749 Sndis=-ceet nese eee ee eer seas 599 Index. 3115 Page. Sndigibonenlasue mee. cee seceec- esoke 601 ROTHSCANS geet nie velcilalsloman\alct= 602 ANGST OUCOIUU Stn ate ates sia’ ate jnre wee 600 EEN CNS eee eae ase tee oe ein oe 601 suensonii, Chilorhinus ............. 372 sueuri; Coryphena..--.-...-....--. 953 Cyprinus (Catostomus)..-.-. 195 sufflamen, Balistes ....--...-..----- 1706 Canthidermis -...-.-.-..- 1706 sugillatus, Ophisura ....-....-..... 387 SS CUT epee ina eet Bo iara ia ala 1580 Suillus, Gachnolaimus.------+-.---- 1580 sujef, Murznoides ...-.........-.-.. 2419 sulcatus, Herpetoichthys .......--. 382 Trachonwyas eas. =-e--=- 2591 | sumichrasti, Citharichthys ...-..--- 2686 | Summer Flounder’: 252 c.--cje=-5-< 2629 ICETIN Seen see eee aes 426 Sunapee Trout .......-....-........ 511 OM SH yee soe cemeteries eyes 931, 1753 | iBlack-banded) .---a-s=5-.- 995 DTC Reese se ese eee et 1005 Blue-spotted -..:.......--- 996 Commoniee- sense eee aoe 1009 Greenissceoe tenes los seeS 996 | WOns- eared eons css ee eee 1002 Vita peer nce eee aes eet 989 | Red-spotted: .sscs--eessees- 1004 | Oma Geter eas eee 988 SUMS NOS Seether eel tetas 984, 999 | Bande dte sete atssceasee 994 Ea yee et area rae eats 981 PS TN ee een teeta ar 1009 | AikGerll US Obtalic eee. = =e ice a's e\el=ra > = 425 superbus, Pseudoscarus -...-.----- 1650 SCaLUSce ecco. se ceeecicise ¢ 1650 superciliosus, Aspidophorus .-.---- 2036 Hexagrammos...--.- 1872 Hippocephalus ...-.-- 2036 Hyborhynchus ....-. 218 Wa brass ees oases ess 1873 BSUS S ELLG MUS be elete alae onan leila miciatnin'= 524 {WALNUTS oo Se eeinpeeoceceerere 1477 Sine fishes eee ean ance cisisetiscie oo 1503 | Commons c- se --- ss 1504 | SEpIped ieee sece se emcee 1505 | WWWiethl=@yjeU cos sertsememie = a 1493, 1501 | Wihitemenc san. -seeee seer 1506 | Reto CO Dem O pease oe tmieminmitema sete rs 1691 Commoneeseeeeoseeee eee ee 1691 | NUTS eOn-NSNOs)o- ooo e cise <= <== 1688 | surinamense, Pristipoma.--.------- 1319 | surinamensis, Anisotremus ------ 1318, 1319 | inter- ruptus i319 | Arius 130 | Page. surinamensis, Batrachoides ..-...-- 2314 Batrachws) sacs ce-cece 2314 Engraulis' ..----.---- 447 Galeichthys --..-.--. 2780 Hexanematichthys -- 129 Holocentrus ---..--.- 1236 Mobotesss- 2000 Tamrid@ae s2 -skscciestrsetccee 1942, 1943, 1952 | tenua, Tarletonbeania...........--- 575 taurina, Chrysophrys ....-..-------- 1354) tenue; Moxostomas-s--s..<6-=------ 186 taurmius, Calamusee-soeesese= aes 1354 tenuifilis, Antennarius.........---- 2721 taurocephala; Cliola:==----2s-=-=-= 253 | tenuirostris, Anguilla.............- 348 taurocephalus, Alburnops......---- 253 | tenuis, Atherinopsis .--...-.------- 802 taurus, Abudetduiice: -eacecmeee ns 1563 | Gadus sc5cec ccc wasters 2555 Campiodeseeasceseee ee eeee = 165 | Ecelinusiess=-eeee see eeae 1894 Glyphidodon=-- =~ --+--=—=-— 1563 GUNS GHESie seers eee eee as 802 Raho se eee nee eee eee eee eee ee 1577 | Opisthocentrus ...--..----.- 2430 americana......---------. 4 1579 | JEWS) aos cenicHecdassa9c00s0s 2555 CRroletecesaece eter 1577 | Syngnathus ...........-.--- 766 TIGER ee ee as sue eee 1577 | Uranideaeesse hese means 1966 Onibigieee oceans eet ese 1578, 1579 Urophy cise sssese ears Bee eee e2555 tessellatal jr. --sscee sos STON heres eA 1OSa cee na icleem else ameter 420 fautopasnabrusssse see see een eee 1579 | Catostomuse.cs oeersns soe 179 fusGai a sseees-cest 1579 Ccecwla esse se eee e eee 379 rubens\----2-2.- emi 1579 (Ong guia) --SeSooedosossossest 179 Mantogolabrasmesa--- >> sees Same 1576 MGrOoMensesse= eeesaeeeeat sar 420 adspersus ....--.--- 1577 Sphabebranchus.....-..-.--- 379 (Rano D see mnee see ee eee a ae Ii ones ehereuulus pees estes eee reese eertare 187 taylors, |Chilaraecesesseeee= == == 2489 | CoLvanlUsiesse rere eee eee 197 Ophidiumees- eee a=e eee 2489 teretulus, Phenacobius..... ee eeater 303 Mohawiche ener ee eeee eects eee 479 liosternus - - 303 Tectospondyli....-..--.------------ 53,58 | tergisus, Hiodon ....---.---.------- 413 MReipal cate) Sacese= see eee = 2698 terre-nove, Carcharias -.....-.---- 43 MeleOSsteleeacle= ete aati 113 WyiGodes\---s.2s2225—==- 2466 ToleostoOmil sscccossceeetesasseeosess 97,1241 Scoliodones-seseeeer a 43 Melescopsisce-cessasem esse saee see 1111 Squalus (Carcharias) - - 43 telescopus, Leuciscus ..--------.--- 292 | tessellata, Plagusia........-....---.- 2709 Mammilttsie = eteise eee 292 DPR ee eosocooccs 1579 INOtrOpIs) 22-2 seene=—-- 292 | Tessellated Darter -..---.---------- 1057 arcansanus .-- 292 tessellatum, Boleosoma.......---- 1046, 1057 Photogenis----=-----=-- 292 Etheostoma -....------ 1078 Melestes= 25. cs a-esse-sase ee eee eee 228 tessellatus, Hadropterus ..-.------- 1070 Beli poms esse eee ee 995 (eapLuUS eee eee eee 1578 temmiuckianus, Bagrus .---...----- 123 Nothonotus ..---.---.--- 1078 Sciadeiehthysi---) L222 7600) Meg baleaer = \eecein=)= leant) ore ltela 2332 Rachisuruse-=-s-- 123 testar, Lepadogaster ---.--.-------- 2332 temmin ckaleAwI Ss = =e aise os 123 testudineus, Spheroides annulatus. 1736 Ditremaiee- 22 —-eccae, 1510, 1511 Spheroides .-..--.----- 1734 temminkii, Acanthoderma.....-.--- 880 Tetracdon=-~2.-----=--— 1735 IMO MELTS) Geencesonasecubl 880 Metrodoneessereessesee 1735 Memmistid erases see eee aeeaeee 1934 ey Metardencamciacces BERS SSacerpartass 2332 VeNtriCOSasesee-enceras = 1936) .tetard) Guayinas- esse. sess oe 2200 Memmnod ony js2-24-2--see BE oo ae 9460) Rete de-n0Ch ee aeeeree-Cer eae at 1323 SaltghOnn se eee a 947, | Retrabranchus) <2. o-=es-——224-— == 342 tenebrosus, Alepocephalus. --..--.- 453 tetracanthus, Acara.--------:------ 1540 Antennarius..-----...- 2719 Centrarchus.....----- 1540 Chironectess-=-5=-s—--- 2719 Gasterosteus -...---.- 748 tenellus, Hundulus).2-2-------- =e 659 Herosiit. seen as 1539 Hyborhynchus........---- 218 Sparus ....-----...-.- 1257 ail Index. 3119 Page. Page. tetradens, Zipotheca ..............- S87| Letrodon hispidussesa-seseeeneeeeae 1733 Petradon erethizon..-~--...2:..---. 1739 leevigabus!:soscecesensee 1728 ORTH panes ieee 1742 lineolabus)-o-eacaee seers 1728 Tetragonopterinw....-.-----.-..... 331 lane ks2 Se eee 1754 Tetragonopterus ---....-..........- 333 mathematicus .........--- 1728 WNSUSE ee sacs Iss 333 Mola sone ss jeesa See 1754 argentatus ....-.- 336 mephelusis=--seee ee ee eee 1733 brevimanus ...--. 335 oxyrhynechus --5-s.22--.<< 1741 fasciatus ..-.....- 334 pachycephalus ..-........ 1729 HS CNET elles 334 pachycasterseee te eee 1738 fuscoauratus .-...- 334 plumMierisc eee seer Tees 1733 humaiseses ase 335 POlitws S22 Sencseeeee ee ecee 1736 mexicanus ...--..- 335 PSIPtACUS esse e ewes 1740 microphthalmus .- 334 punctatissimus...-....... 1741 microstoma ...--- 334 % PUNCtAtUS ee aeee eae see 1735 cerstedii......--- i 334 TOSUPALUS eer eae aeeeeee 1742 panamensis .-.---- 334 spengleri Tor | ee eae 3 1733 petenensis -....-. 335 testudinens) ose seen. 1735 rutilus ..----..--- 334 trichocephalus ..........- 1738 scabripinnis...--- 335 CHUNCRUNS Soe ee eee eee 1756 teniatus .--..-..- 334 GUIPIAUS = --seees eee eee 1733 ‘Retragsonoptrus(-ss-—--- 42252 >— 1672 nephelus........ 1733 REGAL OM UT Cente isle le ae 975 Tat rOndrcoe eee eae es. 77 Pec Onaras s.2: eae ieee re Bi californica............-. 17 atlanticus .-....---.- 976 : ee NN OE Bets 976 occidentalis votseceecees 77 Bilas teehee 880 tetrophthalma, Lioglossina ........ 2622 tetranemus, Hybopsis..-..-..------ 315 PBirOras Foo ee man 51 MetracuonSevosus=s--- 222 0s2-c2-ce- 7a OMe UU bidders eee en eee aes 1688 testudineus -........-..- 73 5 Re UES eee ete eee 1689 tetraodon, Ostracion.........----- ce UTED) alialaeseccassssceh sacar ones 1693 Metraoduntidse ac... seacwcecaceess 1726, 1727 SUS tEALISS rere ee ee 1691 Metraod ontiney sss. ests. cse 944 | OVAGU See eee ele = a= 942 falCaboeseaee ase sees 941, 2847 | paMipanush-ceeseeesee. 944 TUSCUSi: pescee eee 942 rhomboides .-...-.---- 942 glaUCUsiseccesee eestor: 940 | trachypoma, Myripristis ......-.--- 846 PLOTS Is ae caasone segs 943) erachyplerus assess eee eeeeee anes S287 a | kennedyi-seoseese eee 942 | trachyurus .-..2600.~ 2601 palomasseeeeeeee eee 945, 2848 | Trachyrhamphus ........-.-...--- 761, 2568 Thodopusieecceesscosee 9114943) Trachyrinehine.2-ss-o-5---cee esse 2562 rhomboides -........-. 28a7) ulrachynincusy see eesee reese ee eeee 2568 SPIMOSUS: ses ae eee eens 942 Helolepise--ee----e=- 2568 Trachinus adsencionis -...........- 1153 | trachyurus, Trachypterus.-......-... 2601 CiNPHOSUS Hose sce eee eee 2019 | tractus, Acanbhurus ye -e-ee- eee 1693 gasteropelecus ...-...--. 2297 | CCUG Syme eer ee ee teeete 1693 OSDECK 320-2 eee ee ease 1153) | Trahiras's 2232.5 ostiece sl acencesins 330 PUN Ctabuss=--— sce sees 1153 | tranquebar, Aspidophoroides ...... 2092 irichodOnweesesaeeee eee 2296 | transmontana, Columbia..........-- 784 trachinus, Malacanthus ~.--.-----.- 2276 transmontanus, Acipenser ........- 104 SalaOraee ss asesos sees ce 533 Rhinichthys -.-..-- 307 Trachisurus parkeri -.--.---2---2-- 126 | transversalis, Synbranchus ---..--. 342 (MrachonuLruse sss oso cee eee 2591 | transversum, Peecilosoma.....-.--. 1089 suleatus:=-scceese- ser 2591 | traski, Hysterocarpus...--- sectecer 1496 trachuma,Rialiasceess--escceeeaeeecees 76 | treculii, Dioplites nuecensis.-......- 1012 Raja: sscesasectosssesssae Tor Wlrecfish soocence> se eee cece 1827 rachurops! ss... es sees ee nesee S19) rematop sus .2-s- eee seem n= eee 1753 brachychirus ...--....- 911 willugbei ...-.-..--..- 1754 crumenophthalmus. --. Ol. Siriacanthidte ce seaas er seee eee eae 1697 plamicrive: sscesesease 912, | Driacanthodine.-----.----00-60-56 1697 Index. | Page. triacanthus, Argyriosus.-..---.----- 936 INanclerus;..-ss--25---.- 900 IPoronotup==2-e ---<== - 2849 RHOMpPUsS= soe ese see as 967 Stromateus.-..-..----- 968 MEnOCHIFUS! 5 see === 5 2084 riacisvuhenleic=- h=~asoracecscecees 31 triagramma, Heros. -22---2-.....-- 1529 SPR IS GIs ae efesee ese cease sce 31 semifasciatum ,-:-...-2:--- 31 triangularis, Ostracion tuberculus - 1723 Pachynathus .-..-.-.- 1705 triangulum, Lutjanus.....-....---- 1454 ‘Erie OUNGEL=ae sae eet oa eas oe ose 2607 Falibiihiesseescesetser tees Se 2605 Turbhotsnatsacce aasencescees 2608 iribulus; Prionotus’-=-+--=------- 2171, 2172 eri lapses see a emia aoa 2172 PErichidionys tess 726 oe cakes tee ee ce ae 828 approximans......--.... 829 octofilises;=ti2z-cesececas 830 | OCLONEMUS == -< 255 = 5 830 opercularis)s-.cee~=-<-. 831 plumieris---cssssere— eo 830 | RrichianMds= es. c=. seston cee eee es 888 | ri Chines =e aeea= Seren cesses! 889 argenteus ----.......... 889 | candatuss-seooneee esse 887 ensiformis, 2222520 ees< 2% 887 Gladius 2322225-22. --2 === 887 lepturiss)- ences eee 889, 2844 trichocephalus, Sphroides ....---- ‘1738 Tetrodom 2-222 --- 1738 Mrichotyclusee--oa-sssa-s6= eee nc = 1743, 1744 ELimACCUS 2 o2 222052 -6 1744 PRTIehOdermays ==. ssc ccna as sees 1714 | Mrichodiodone---22---.---2----- 1743, 1744 | pilosus::-22 =.=. 2s-2-) 1743; 1744 rrchoctone apne seaacet neem ene ss 2295 japonicus .-.---------..-. 2297 [aye ey Secon econe ceocees 2297 Stelleniencs=< 2296 APrichOdon esse =~ cca 2295 PrichOdOMiles e* «c= se) = alas asi 2295 sPriGhHONOulssaane~ 22sec Sec c ee se aees- 409 PETICHOPSGibaiaa= = =e lee eas 2669 WMONUPAIS i ae se) ee cacmee eee nena 84 | osteosticta-----2---------=- 84 SDI be eisseeicoococssoccces 85 Page. iRryconisayl sence seceseee seen 86 tuberculata:=<:-=-222s22-55 84 Trygonobatus torpedinus ......-.--. 81 -Trygonorhina alveata .......-....-. 65 Eschawiytsehaat. -sacsee ene ete 479 tschawytscha, Oncorhynchus ..-.-- 479 Salmozes222 222 252se5- 480 tschawytschiformis, Salmo .....--.- 478 tsiltcoosensis, Catostomus....-....- 2793 tsuppitch> Wario. =.-c2-qo-esaeee a 493 Oncorhynchus --.-------- 481 Salmonctse cesta seee eee 481, 495 tuberculata, Dasibatis..-......-.... 84 Raiassca-2 cess sess ccs 84 aR O Mane ae ee ate 84 tuberculatus, Catostomus -..---.--- 186 Sphweroidesies- a=. == 1733 tuberculé, Le Sphéroide..-........- 1733 tubercoléesRaiGaaccacses sacs aor weete 84 tHdessGObDIGSOX s2scsce soc se meeeee 2333 Salmo ee. ecco cs eee weseeee 508 Shy e0a eeee eee ae ea 44 Ee EST eh eee eae see eee 44 Til ita OLTO lt ee ee ieee See eiare = 253 tuditanis, Hybopsis .....-....---..- 253 tuditanus, Hypargurus .--..---.... 253 WHANGISCHS so 2- sees serine 253 ollibee sae ere es one ceceeee eee eae 473 tullibee, Argyrosomus -.-..---------- 473 bisselli -..-. 473 CoreronuUs -eeseeosse eens 473 pissellaes= ence. 473 Salmo (Coregonus) -.------- 473 tumidus;;Carpiodes)-=-5----=----=-- 167 Chironectés==----------4-- 2717 OPIS aera 2716 TUTE Ste erie oe sitter tee tote eaters 870 tunicata, liparis)=..----2-s--2=s- 2121, 2128 tunicatus, Liparis ----2----2-c----~- 2120 MMuonniGscasscsjes acon sectee cece nsenes 869 Wittle-s22.s e222 Seek cece 868 EES CANN parole elem oiler eam ia a marae 870 Vijttlessate-r eee eae oe 869 PurbObi-=s¢ sac o=ciselseis cin nse nce. 1701 (OWGH gece borshemsanesonsane 1706 TD Osean see ee ae nae eta ente 2608 turchesius, Pseudoscarus .--------- 1659 SCarust cess oss oeeeeeee 1658 Turdus canda convexa--.---.----.- 1145 cinereus peltatus .--...-.--- 1373 AVS Se oss eeseee eee amet e 1583 oCmlo radiatOe=s—eee cesses 1591, 1703 pinnis branchialibus .--.--. 1257 rhomboidalisy-nasos2-aee eee 1691 turgidus, Tetrodon....-----.....---. 1733 nephelus......- 1733 Page. turneri, Lycodalepis .-.--.----.:-.- 2469 | Wbycodestas-s-s sass 2469 tuscumbia, Etheostoma ---...--.---- 1100 Psychromaster....-.-.- 1100 Two-spined Stickelback.-.---....-- 748 Dye Sal MON eee ee = ae eee ae 479 BLO SU; 0 Same eee eae eee 708 SGUS tease eee eee 716 almeida) 22. -<5<5-----1=-2- 715 | angusticepsS.-----.----.. 712 ard eolane-er ser sceacce cee 713 Canip Deus -- essen 717 Contraimis eee ae 717 CTASSUS eee einen aie 716 Lip loteenia sac eee a ael= = 712 CUT ONSes = reese =e =e 711 @XMIs eosee see See iiare 714 LOMLALONS sean ee eels 715 Alea epee ase) 716 Plains eee eee eee 716 STS sae seeee ee etee seater 718 longirostris -.----------- 714 IN ATMS ser eee tose 714 MMICNOPSe ae sere eee aes 712 motatus)-.s+-=.=2224--- 710, 711 PAcwi CUS e n= sees} see 716 raphidoma:.-2---5-2--—= 715 Sa g@atde reese ea =e ae 711 Scapulanisyess-m----=- so 711 SICUU Aes eee ee eee 713 Btolzmanniseesse- sae 713 Subsruncatuse.-s--e-s>- 711 PMV Cube eee tee 711 ARy amp ATOM Se eee ee tl a 1753 plancilcssserccee ses 1754 Miymtlastesieenass eee cea 2262 | IDLOVAS ese ste eaees see 2262 SEERIIE eo onogsbaqssesonec 2263 | Lia hlic hth steer esee seee ee eee 704, 2835 | RON esas 2835 | subterraneus -..---- 704, 2835 by phloso pisses ee nee 2261 californiensis -.-..--. 2262 iivphlOpsalaste-ssemeaacreeeese= see 2729 Sshuteldti-scsess-cess 2731 LVP1CA, SCL Ale elseaein eee erates cea 1448 Typical SharkSeesea-e cece eee as 19 typicus, Ophiosciom ~=:------------- 1448 TEER PONG DISS ocelonocoacser ce on 283 typus, Achirophichthys.-.-.----...--- 388 Skeponopodus ....-......--- + 892 tyrannus;-Anonilla) esse cee-s-=- 348 Brevoorbiaa-----22==-ss-- 433 BUNEeW= = oss. =. 434 brevicaudata - 434 patronus -..-. 434 Index. Page. tyrannus, Clupea . << 22 2 ccs ~s-e-5 = 434 Heya SHS Dee etetae aerate aire ree alee 886 Wighy: Misha see cea meena eae 137 uhleri, Citharichthys-----.-.--.---- 2684 Wiles mares acm saad eee eae eres 1371 letroyis-sa: see-s eee eee 1371 WI Ca) 2 se sctaeeee ce tere Saeco eeeceee 2021 marmoratas ase. <2= s-s-neee sees 2021 Wileinais-s 2-5 oooasececeasseeeeas 2088 Walz se ctoleieerecyoeiar sos cee eee Oe 1974 Witke esa ee sedaae cae eee seer 1974 Mlocentrayss eee eee eee eee 1047, 2851 davisonil 2-2 --2222e= 2 See 1049 SU bert. asses eee 1049, 2852 histRiossacceeseeeeseee 1050, 1051 MeAdID Ai as02 seek sees 2852 {OW eo bansopadosesesase 1052 SimOterate scsi eee 1051, 2853 Bolom ae seer eee 1047 VEL6CUN Gales secs aeeeeeee 1049 ulochir; Paraliparis\s.--- sss escene 2144 olives. xXcip hidiotiej~ 2h ease eee 2424 XA PHISves cme sew sa mieeeeeeetae 2423 ilivaria:=S.tase hese eae asee sie aeeiok 2440 Subbifurcaitas-e-ecc-hisnee oe 2440 Wikvicolaxceoascadecaaaenooteeeee ee 2413, 2869 ‘sanctze-ros@--.-.....-..--- 2413 umatilla, Agosia.---.- 22. 222-2----- 313 Win blake se ee ase soca ne 506 MMOL Marin aes sacs eee 823 um bla alm 0s seein ace sie esisters 509 Unibrac .cedasss eee ieee eee 623, 2807 delicatissima eee eee 621 limi sae Seances oN esesse 623 Dyck eae esse ee eee 624 PVR Ow wats rable mate alle 624 umbratilis, Alburnellus..-.-...----- 299 ‘Aipuarnusy.sss-sS cele 299 Minnis ==eeeees-eerees 299 NotroOpis\eeee ee acer 298 ardensta--ce 301 GULIpes)- == -al-= 300 cyanocephalus 300 fasciolaris .-.-. 301 lythrurus..-.. 300 matutinus .... 301 punctulatus -.. 301 umbratilis. -.. 299 SGD LG ee ape ee see eee lal ae 622 umbrifer, Notropis.-..--------.--.- 274 Urolophuss:-s2----===--=- 2752 Wimp rint tie sate ee teste re 1465 al DOENUS eee oe eee see 1475 ANAS pratense eames 1468 UL OU Ub a ania eleteiaieatatsletee 1474 Index. 3127 | Page. | Page. Umbrina broussonetii-.---.-.--..---. 1466 | unicolor, Bryttus .................. 1001 COTOIGeS eee eee anee Seance 1466 Chastodon ea -.--s-scs=eene 1676 dorsalis\=—5---2/-22-sese ee 1469 | HMolocentrusis- a... as-is 1192 elon gaale meee == 1476 | Hypoplectrus .......... 1190, 1192 fUInM erieeee eee eee es: Sis 1463 aberrans ...- 1193 galapagorum ...-...-..-.. 1468 accensus -.. 1193 UAC MIS =e ee elle eer 1474 affinis .....- 1193 MAM ATT Apo erecta ret ator o 3 1474 bovinus ..-. 1193 ittoRallisipeset see eie teats 1477 chlorurus . . 1193 martinicensis .........--. 1474 crocotus.... 1192 HARI) Soogess de cocesoocesee 1473 gummigutta 1192 MEM OLWERY Soncsacecosseecue 1475 guttavarius 1192 panamensis .-....-.-.---- 1473 indigo. .-..- 1193 Dh allsen desea aioe eel 1475 nigricans... 1192 TONCAIOY ----- 25-5 fia anit 1467 pinnivarius 1192 sinalow@ 2-6-2 ese = 1468 puella ____.- 1192 undulata ---.-----...--- 1467, 1476 vitulinus ... 1192 KANG. so eee en secess eels 1467, 1468 IPOLea Rana n-saaee onsale: 1192 WM DPLOS2,) CilOl ees yas Sees ae eee 273 | Petromyzon marinus...... 10 @y prime ales eiatt eee 273 | SONTAG peer aaieeielear ae 1192 Lepidopsetta.......-....- 2642 | SOlediess--snese ee ase 2702 INEIRON Aceon geanecemsae 78 Soleotalpaseasasq sees see eee 2703 umbrosus, Eques acuminatus ..---- HAS 7g pain @ ODES He tere fee een l=ria 1719 SOK Ries ceiees eee 627 | unicornis, Citharichthys..-.....-.--- 2683 Gymnothorax ....---... 390 | Unicornu pisces bahamensis. .-..--. 1719 Platichthys-.......-..-. 2643 | unicornus, Balistes ...........-.--- 1720 IPleuronectes=s= sees e eee 2643 unifasciatus, Hemirhamphus ...-.. 720, 721 Sebastichthys ...--..--- 1807 Hyporhamphus .....-. 720 Sebastodes=seecerccec sce 1807 unimaculata, Perca ..........2.---- 1360 WWnrnbrul aiisoe aces cece ee cnc 1469, 1471, 1476 unimaculatus, Archosargus...--- 1359, 1360 Walbarans esescos -2 Becasmacs ue Me 411 | Argyreiosus ...--.-- 934 uncinatus, Artediellus ........--. 1905, 1906 | Clintis)secsneeeeene 2441 Centridermichthys -.-..- 1906 | Grammistes ........ 1360 Otis temas eeer aes esi 1906 | Sargus)cessmieieeeel 1360 CCS etetete eerataretete tain oan 1906 Stichzeus .....--.... 2441 uncompahgre, Xyrauchen.......--- 184 | uninotata, Heterandria .-........--. 687 undecimale, Heemulon........-..--- 1300 | uninotatus, Ctenlabrus .-......-... LB TM undecimalis, Centropomus....-..---- 1118 | Girardinus)-o2e2o22-.<- 687 SCI dee aes er alae 1119 Tabane. = 506.2 nae 1271 undecimradiatus, Centropomus. ---- 1119 | Meésoprionis--eresa sce 1271 undulata, Murznophis ..-.------.-- 403 | unionensis Centropomus ..-..--.--. 1122 IROrearee meena aaelen seer 1462 univittatus, Apodichthys.--.--.-.--. 2412 Umbrimaeee--e----- = Bee L460 4M NIU PONOUS te eariccaer ieee sisemessteee 857, 2843 ‘undulatus, Menticirrhus........-.. 1476 baltieahws teenie -e-=-- 1060 valenciennei, Smaragdus-...--..-..-. 2228 Valenciennellas=2---s.--eescenea-- 577 3128 Page. Upselonphorus y-griecum -..-....... 2308 uracantha, Loricaria ------+------<- 158 Wraleptus cs .aseeese= se aeee ere eee 2545 mara dileespesenee er anee ee 2545 Wnanichthysieeeeeessecee seca sees 381 brachycephalus. ...--. 382 havannensis.-....-...- 382 Wirani dea asec sata oo eeee= ee 1963 | BS DOL ae sac aes ee setaerae 1944 bend@iret-a-=-~-s22--e- =e 1964 boleoides -< <2- 2-5-5 os 2308 y-grecum -.~...-..--. 2308 uranoscopus, Ceratias............-- 2730 Manealias.. ....-52.<: 2729 Wiraiptelaiene eee eee —e eae eee areas 66 | binoculuta 2252.--- 5-822 73 | WUiraspIsieassoeae ernest 916, 918, 926 Wriphwe tones se ese ee eee eee 1143 Wrocentris=sss-e- see eee 2414, 2415 PICTUS eee eee eee 2416 (Wrocon gern see aerate cea eee 358 ViCINUBE 2S esetciee esas 358 Wrolophines emcee = saeco == ea 79 UWrolophus’ =22232. 555. seseweceoeceee 79 ASPIGULPUSe] =ee oe ease ae 81 asterias: =.s22ciecesce se 82, 2752 SO0del 255-5 - pee ee 81 halleri(ors ee eeere ee eee 80 3030—119 Index. 3129 Page. Valenciennellus tripunctulatus. - --. 578 valenciennesi, Arius -.....-...-.... 124 PSS OTLU Sete ate tetas ol=l=/e 124 IH POLOLISWe ete tational 2204 Moxostoma--2- =. --- - 190 vampyrus, Cephalopterus --..------ 93 Ceratoptera...-.......-. 93 Wand ellis: 522s 85 02 eee oocins so 886 MusitamiCusi- <=. teee =~! 887 vandepolli, Girardinus -.-.---------- 2834 IRw@ociligiesssecessssssesnc 696 E arubensis -....- 2834 WAT COIS TL Ae Gal Dae = oe eiseaicte’s ale larelstels 240 vandoisulus, Leuciscus ....--..-.---- 239 =| SQUAMUS anaes seem 240 Vaqueta de dos Colores ..-...--..--- 1684 WALLA OL s seen aa ct aysiclc aicteie eeloe 1200 _variabilis, Acanthocottus -..--..--- 1975 Dig plies se eeee sees 1012 (POnGa sss ee tine oes cae 1784, 1796 Pomacentrus ..---..--..- 1552 Sebastes erase. === entsete 1784 variatum, Boleosoma...-..-.-..---. 1070 Htheostoma.=-.--55----6- 1069 VALAIS PAT VONOIIS = 2)4 aacetcc cee ante 1034 Chara codon s-s-2s252-- 45" 669 Hadropterusss.-- to. <-- 1070 variegata, Lampetra ...-..--..-.--. 2745 ; ISORIGATIgiaso= = Reto a ret 159 | Murenass-cssecee= = eo a 2805 Salpa purpurescens.....- 1271 variegatus, Batrachoides -...--..--- 2316 Cyprinedoniss-.2:2.s.-. 671 riverendi -. 673 Limnurgus ..-.---...-.. 666 Orhbislevise-2.)222<22 1735 Pachylabrus',-s------ 2104 Nal MO\ee ace see eee 509 Sebastes --.--2.------- 1829 Sebastodes -.....-.---.- 1829 ventriosum, Scyllium ..-...-..---.- 25 wenustay Cliglasjsa-<-ssoe-eroe eee 274 Cyprinellannecesaem eee 274 MMe igi eeaeee aE ae 1602 NNN EA ee etter eet tere eer 665 WM CAnIA eee ete eee 665 VONUStUS; WO INCMUS =~ <.-- ceesa= sere 854 INOtLOPIS? 2 sce eaten 274, 275 Eseudojuliss=---2-2---==5 1602 xy rich thy Seema eee eee 1619 VETAD Vol © DIL eel alelerleretalaets eles 877 SVAN SIS DG ete ett 2618 MOS ORs e eee eerie cece 2619 Werdend Oh NM yee seme lerls atari emer 1195 WIGS PR ae cas poososesecass = 1538 Morena ee ace eeaaacem ean 396 Pudiano-S--sase24 sss sees 1590, 1591 Verdes, Cabrillas.-..-..- Palaces eesecrsis 1194 verecunda, Ulocentra..2..22..--4.-- 1049 verecundum, Etheostoma ..-....--- 1050 epidionys-.e-e se 2543 3130 Page. Wertilus 2s -secice-eeniceceeas peetetiate 1283 SOrdiduseransee niece seco ee 1284 MONI Bice ceecin cece eta nceeas aes 374 keniallliteeme teats eiaciste sete 375 Vermelhoyerdianoss..—-is4s--- es 1583 vermicularis, Corvina ----<.-------- 1453 Ophioscion .-----.---- 1452 Scienapesse-seeaee 1452, 1453 SAM soe woesocesscce 1271 VErMiculatuUs, FSOX= <5 osse= 627 HxXOC@tUS)--s2< 5-2 === 740 Tucius =-2cscecasce= 627, 2827 Xymichthys=s-sss-e—s 1619 vermiformis, Neoconger..--.-..-.-- 362 Vermiglia, Pesca.-..-.---------.--. 1811 VOLHALIS WC lnpeage === sce eeace eee =e 426 Gopiose eee ae cee see oe 321 Ey dar om aveesessee eee 639 EV Od OD eee elemeee meee 413 Pomolopusse.-ses-4----o=- 426 SCOmponmemececeseeseee ee 866 vernullas, Batrachoides ..---------- 2316 VEERGAU S19 CONE Clase eerie lee 355 verres, Cossyphus --.--.--.-.------ 1583 DartjAnuUs sos esas 1583 verrilli, Gymnothorax...-.----.--.- 394 | nycenchelys\~--seeh=- so 2470, 2471 TA ny Sense oo Gomececnece 2471 sy Cod Onbisy-ace-nene= eae 393 Siderai =< ssc tae see sae 394 VOLRUCOSa.| OCCAmes seas aerate 2043 verrucosus, Brachyopsis ---.------- 2044 Cotttisi ase - nee ose 1980 Diodoniess2 sees 1749 Myoxocephalus-.-....-. 1979 \ GUE Es ooeo5sSscooesoresesenssac 1476 Merrie atO seca. aese ape seeeeeceas 1462, 1463 versicolor, Abramis -----2-2----s=~- 250 Garardinws's-s-eeeeeeeee 689 HMeterandriaies-.--se=sce 688 Wabruse sce sansee eee 1346 Malacoctents)-c-s--oese 2359 Miyx0d@8):sas2s-e eines 2359 Peecilichthiyss---4-26s2—- 1089 versipunctatus, Gymnothorax....-- 394 vertagus, Gadus ........- Seeuseesne 2541 verticalis, Echeneis ...--.-----.--.- 2270 verticallis, Pleuronichthys----.-.--. 2638 VELUS OALCMAnTaS ees eateries 50 (OlaneeIe Sa socecncenecsssocce 355 vespertilio, Holorhinus .....-.---.-- 90 Mialith ears ce. saastcecee 2737 Ogcocephalus ....-.--.-- 2737 Rhinopteraess--=—-~ se -= 90 veternus, Podothecus. ----- jeeetene 2063, 2064 Vetulanis aiStesser seme e eee ae 1703 Index. Page. vetula, Pseudoscarus.--.--.....--.- 1650 HCaALUSe eo secs e oe eae 1647, 1649 Vetulus, barophrysin seneeece etree 2640 Pleuronectes 222225 22---2-2 2641 vexillare, Boleosoma nigrum ...-...- 1058 Etheostoma nigrum. ..... 1058 vexillaris, Sebastichthys ...-....-.- 1822 Sebastodes'=.54--s---eee 1821 vexillarium, Holocentrum .-..-.-.--. 852 vexillarius, Holocentrus..-.---....-- 852 Viexillifer Jace. a=. once see eee 2495 wheeleriWranideasss-sseceeee tee eee 1950 Wilda aCe aresmaesiac rece eetee eee eter 1539 vicensis, Trigla digitis -....-......- 2183 VAGina. Mane asses eee isiesicniiaee 394 Mursnophis@ os --ecesescees 394 SIG Oraqaees aces Serie acer 394 VICIN ASH TCOlIS ie roe seco ae cea 1916 vicinus, Gymnothorax..---..--..--- 394 iy COdOniS sense esac eet 394 Wrocongersssasccsssceeeee 358 victoriz, Moxostoma --.-=-..---.=-- 187 AVELC TO Si eee acta eee oe eae 824 Wile] ated coven ce snsteeeeseee 1635, 1636, 1649 Coloraday-se-sos- ee eee eee 1639 GES CY tee at el aelti 1639 Wie) Asean see ete eerie 1627 aNd) So Bi pee arate ete ere eens 1065 vigilax, Ceratichthys.-...--.-......- 253 Cliolaeeecee eae aee eee see 253 Willarigs) 42 os scsecicoeeisemacceee cece 2789 CUP eSiTse-eee eee eee ee 2789 PLICCIs ses eee eee 2790 villosa, Clapeaeccene ses ssereneer 521 villosis\Coptusesesses sen =e =eeee 2022 Miallotusi eases eeees eee 520 vincente, Sicydium. =.=. --sacees=s— 2207 vinciguerre, Exocoetus .-...--.---- 734 Exonattesyso=s--se— oe 2836 Wain] UCT Asse ee eee eee 577 atbenuatalys-eees==-ee 577 vinctipes, Nanostoma..-..----..--- 1075 vinetus, Blennilis.--.-s-4--2e15- 312 vulneratum, Etheostoma .........-- vulneratus, Nothonotus............ Poecilichthys'=s.---=s2- vulpeculus, Pimelodus .........-..- Vulpes! bahamensists--4222-54-eere= vulpes; All bwlan:-So22-c ase aceeeeae Alopecias Alopias Esox Pimeloiluse--25seseee ese Sebastodes Squalus\s-acseteeas case se ae vaibartiins), Same eee cone seceoe Viulsiculust 466 | xeenurus, Minnilus...-..--..--..--- 280 Menominee. .--...-.-------- 465 INOLTOPIS= 2225 26.2 sene= 280 Mon onellsan cece eee 473 | xaniurus, Catulus..-.....----------- 24 Musquaw River .--...--- AGG || eXanthichthys=> 0222-2 4--—=- Ze 1708 Rocky Mountain .--.-..-.- 463 cicatricosus -=-=-—=-—— 1709 ROUNG = seo seens eee 465 Ment). e=eas-s2 ee = 1760 S20) o-s2ee see 466 TIN Pens =] -oee ease 1709 White-mouthed Drummer. -------- 1462 | xanthocephalus, Ameiurus --.-.--- 141 White-nosed Suckers. .--.------ 190 Sulu Se ea-e eee 141 AVAGO entail eet eee = 2530 | xanthogrammus, Upeneus ---.----- 860 Californias sees —a5-—-— 1477 | xanthomelas, Anguilla......------- 348 Carolina ---...-.-.-.------ 1474 | xanthops, Odontoscion ---.--------- 1427 INORth ern y= seme === 1475 | xanthopteron, Hzemulon .--.-.----- 1307 Sa 0 peat eee eee aerieee 1474 | xanthopterum, Hemulon -.---...--. 1307 Siiveleee aes selena nl 1477 | xanthopus, Catostomus ---..---..-- 181 Surf .-------------------=- 1477 | xanthopygus, Caranx .-..--..----.- 921 Whiting of Lake Winnipiseogee -- - 466 | xanthosticta, Mycteroperca bonaci- 1176 AWHidOWalisheres sore see cite once er n= 1788 | xanthostigmus, Citharichthys...... 2680 isifen Oldeacoaa sees swine ae eee 940, 1703 | xanthulum, Cestreus-.---..-------- 1411 wilderienampottacsses-ss5-s--= =e 13, 2745 | xanthulus, Cynoscion .--.--..---.--. 1410 AVA B10 Keeton ee === alae waaiatinle 1199 | xanthurns, Homoprion--.....-.--- 1434, 1459 williamsi, Symphurus..--..-------- 2711 Leiostomus.....--- ---- 1458 williamsoni, Coregonus. .------------ 463 Pomacentrus.-..-.-..--- 1557 cismontanus 463 ROM DUS seen eee ae 966, 2849 Gasterosteus..-------- 730 SC lee ieee err 1459 Gasterosteus micro- Se@SeGINS se sae sae 966 Gey eke Sete eee ee 751 Spang s esse eeee ae 1346 willoughbyi, Acrotus ..-.---------- 973 | xanti, Labrisomus ---...--------- 2362, 2363 Willow Cat .......---.-.----------- 2788 Ip piiGus aes eee 1231 willughbeii, Canthidermis .--------- 1707 IRV ANAS) Soo cneesapessasc-ose 1231 Salmote=*+22------- as 584 yarrelli, Acipenser .-.-.--.....---.- 105 WAERO WiAtPAte OBI Gir meaner seca a= 309 y-caida, Gillichthys --.--......----- 2252 @gietulate- ae sceessce-— = 2251, 2252 Yellow-backed Rocktish ........--- 1822 Wellow: Bass s-2----2--25--s--2-2-=. i134 Belllyaene qo cesesinse = eee = 1001 (Caibms mete Boss wortersiaiaisa 5 sc, as-= see 2457 PROVO Gas eest ee cere 2457 Ja prOSiS\sseece ee ee erate 2457 PoOlALiseesccer ese eae ese 2469 ZOare Gee sereran eee eres ee eae at 2455 AOAC NUS see ee e= eter tate eternal 2456 zoarchus, Lycodes.---.-..----------- 2464 POATCIOBecccecs sce eaeies sone elaine 2455 | ZOarCin@ass5 see = Sea eateeine wietacte 2455 zonale, Etheostoma..----.---------- 1075 arcansanum .... 1075 Nanostomay -2-ees2'ssa- s< = | 1075 zonalis, Astatichthys -..------------ 1075 Pecilichthys-------------- 1075 zonata, Seriola carolinensis. -------- 902 mOnatim, WlASSOMA some esse - <° 982 zonatus, Alburnis:.5---